UMASS/AMHERST 312066 0333 2755 m iiiiiilSII:!; IK spilil :.''■'■ i:'''-:; I:..;:' iii:.4^^;^_._i. LIBRARY MA'" AC Per SF 521 B47 SOURCE__ TTS AL ii.-nas.. 1897 V. 10 / JAN,, 1897. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIi ADVEJ^TISING t^RTES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : Ou 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times. 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On HO lines and upwards, 8 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Liist. 1 will send the Review with — Gleanings, (new) (Sl.OO) .... 81.75 American Bee Journal. ... (new) ( l.HO) 1.75 Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50)... 1.35 American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1 .40 The Southland Queen U.OOi 175 Ohio Fwrmer ( 1.00) ... 1.75 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( ..5-) 1.10 Farm Poultry (1.00) .. . 1.75 EnralNew Yorker . . ..( 1.00). ... 1.85 Fr-nk Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . . .'^..50 The Century ( 4.00) 4.50 Michigan Farmer ( 1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer (100).. ..1.75 American Agriculturist (100) 1.75 Ladies' Home Journal ( l-OO) 1.75 TheIndHpendrt..t (New York) . (3.00) 3..50 Ladies' World ( 40)... . 1.25 Country Gentleman ( 2.50) .... 3.15 Harper"s Magnzine (4.0'). ... 4.i(i Harper's Weekly ( 4 001 4.20 Youths' Co • panion (new) ( .75( ... . 2 S.'i Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.00) 3 50 Cosmopo itan ( 1.00) 1.90 It will b? notice I that in order to ^ecu^e these rates on Gleanings. American Bee Jour- nal and the Youtis' Compaiion. the subscribers to these Journals must be NEW. If it i ' any convenience, when sending in your renewal to the Review, to include your renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full price mnst be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: F.\NOY. — All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb nnsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— .All sections well fiUed, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoUed by travel stain or otherwise. In addition to tjiis the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," "No. 1 dark," etc. KANSAS CITY. Mo.— We quote as follows: Fancy white, 14 : No. 1 wh'te. 12 to 13; fancy am- ber, II to 12 : No. 1 amber, 10 to 11 ; fancy dark, 9 to lO;No. 1 dark, 8 2o 9; white, extracted 6; amber, 5 to 5^ : dark, 4 to 4>^ ; beeswax, 21. C. C. CLEMONS CO., Jan. 25. 521 Walnut St. Kansas Citv Mo. CHICAGO, 111.— Stocks are light and demand slow. We qnnt;- as follows: Fancy white, 13; No 1 white. 12; fancy amber. 11; No. 1 amber, 10: fancy dark, 10; No. 1 dark. 8; Extracted white, 6 to 7; amber, 5 to 5i^; dark, 4 to 4J^: Beeswax, 26 to 27. . 8. T. FISH & CO., Jan 23. ls9 Se Water St , Chicago, 111. CLEVELAND. OHIO.-The demand for honey not very good. Sales s em to drag. Supoly fair and quality good. In hopes to have better de- mand soon. We QDOte as follows: Fancy white. l2toi3;No. 1 white, 11 to 12; white, extracted 6 to 6 ; amber. 4 to 5. Beeswax. 25 to 27. WILLIAMS BROS., Jan. 27. 80 A 82 Broadway, Cleveland. O. CHICAGO, I)!.— Trade is slow in comb honey, yet We suppope it is quite as good as in other luxuries We qurte Hs fqilowB : Fancy whitn. 12 to 13: No. 1 white, 10 to 11 ; fancy amber. 9; No 1 amber, 7; faucy dark, S; No. 1 d.iik, 7; white, extvac'eil 5 lo 7 ; amber, 5 to 6; dark, -1)4 to 5, beeswax, 26 tn 27 R. A. BURNETT .V CO., Jan. -3. 16:^ So. Water .St.. Chicago. III. BUFFALO. N. Y.-General trade is quiet, neces-itating pushing and cutting on all grades. Fairly liberal amount'' can be sold at the follow- ing prices: Fancy white, 9 to 10; No. 1 white. 8 t<^) 9: Fancy amber, 7 to 8; No. I amber. 7 *o7^; Fancy dark. 6 to 7; No. 1 dark, 5 to 7; White, extracte(l 4}/^ to r. ; Amber, 4 to 4J4 : Dark. 3 to 4; Beeswax, 20 to '^S. BATTERSON & CO.. Jan. 25. 167 & 169 Scott .St.. Baffalo, N. Y. ST. LOUIS. MO.— There is a good demand from manufacturei-s for extracted honey in bar- rels. Comb honey is moving very slowly. Bees- wax selling rea-^'ily. We quote as follows: Fancy white, n\4 to 13; No. 1 white, 11^ to 12; fancy amber. 10 to 11 ; No. 1 amber, 9 to 9J^ ; fancy dark. 8)4 to 9; No 1 dark. 5 to 7: white, extracted 7 to 5^ : amber, 5 to 4J4 ; dark, 3)4 to 4 ; beeswax, 22 to 2H;o, WESTCOTTCOM. CO., Jan 25. 2: ;i Market St., St Louis. Mo. NEW YORK. N. Y.— Market is quiet and demand slow for ;ill grades, both comb and ex- tracted There is ;uite a stock on the market, and, nnliess we ha\ » a good spring trad >, some of the honey will l)H carried over. Beet-wax is quiet also VVc quote as follows: Fancy white. 11 to 12; No. 1 white. 10 to 1 1 ; fancy am- ber, 9 to 10; fancy lark 7to7Vi; No. 1 dark, 6M; to7 ; white, extrac od 5 to 5'4 ; amber, 4)4 to 5 ; dark, 4 ; beoswax, 'S^ to 26. HILDRE1 U BROS. &SEGELKEN. ; Jan. 24, 120 & Itl West Broadway New York WM. A. SELSER, JO VINE ST., PHILA.. PENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and beeswax Send samples. , El HI Wdvansed ^QQ'^SlzltUT^ ^,^>:^V^^^^'e>^U;f<;^ IS a book of nearly 100 pages that begins with The Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections, Supers and Sepa- rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arranging- Hives and Buildings and Shading the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing Queens and Planting for Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of Bees, Increase, Its Management and Control, and Contrac- tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding Back " are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Migratory Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee- Keeping, etc., etc.,— 32 chapters in all. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the book for SI. 25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HOTCHlNSOrl, Flint, Mich. '3 1 ■ D B B '®) THE BEE-KEEPERS ii.. Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well known mann- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. Stratton& 8on, of New York, and taking my pay in musical merchandise. I have now on hand a tine violin outtit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius, " Red, French iinish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price S'-.50 The case is wood with curved top, varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $y 50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20 GO. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with t he best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Ht-r violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wisli to sell ihisou tit, and would acc''i)t one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. M. LONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- factiirer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Review. Is Here The ye.ir S97 is here and we are happy to in form our friends and customers that we are bet ter prepared tiian ever before to fill your orders for queens and bees. VVe have the largest stock ever operated by us, and we mean to be ready with plenty of bees and queens to fill all oiders without delay that are sent us, BefS by the pound. $1.00: ten or more pounds. 9 cts. each. Untested queens for 1897, SI. 00 each in Feb., Mar.. Apr. and May ; $5.00 for six, or $9.00 per doz. For larger amounts write for prices. Have your orders booked for your early queens. Safe arrival guaranteed Root's goods. Dadant's foumlation, and Bing- ham smokers. \ steam bee-hive factory, and all kinds of bee supplies. The Soutblz^P^l Que^Hf the only bee paper in the .Soath. m:)ntlily, .l^l.uu per year. Send fof catalog, which is almost a complete book on Southern bee-keeping, giving queen rearing in full, all free for the asking. If jou want full information about everytfdng we have, and the bee book, don't fail to ask for our 1897 catalog. Tb« J^niyl^ Atcbley Co., Beoville, Bee Co., Tex. BEE - KEEPERS' SURPLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK, 283 Wash. St , N Y. City. {SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue HDake Voup O^A/n Hives. 3ee ** Keepers Will save mone}- by usin*,'- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-uc. V/.F.&JKO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2 96-12 '^r THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. R. Boll, formerly of Brecksville. Ohio, hasacceofoda permaneut position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told lam if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of th» articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Fdn. Mill ( 6 in Pelham ) Tank and dip- ping boards .. ... 6.00 4 M. Sections ( G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Stand.ird ..4.00 1 ( "oil Wire 60 1 Exp:insion Bit 1.00 61 Sect''oii Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators «t 2.5 I'X) Brood Cases ( Now Heddon) at 'ift 6'^ Covers at 15 53 B itfom Boards at .. 10 53 Honey Hoards, Queen excluding at 15 2 Escape Boards at 25 30 Escapes at .15 7 JO Now Heddon combs at 05 T)'! P'eeders > Heddon Excelsior) at 25 .\11 of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The liives and casps are well made and nicely painted, and having' been in use only two or throe seasons are practically as Rood as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Any one wishinsf to buy anything nut of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint. Mich. BEESWn EXTRAGIORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam. Send ''-^r doscrlpt-jve, illustrated cata- lou'Ue tn C. G. FERRIS, 4'.h; tf S .uth Columbia. X. Y. Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succeeded in buying all *:lie 'sees within 2^ miles of my home apiary, exoept five coliinies, and these 1 have Italianized and have permission to control their drones. This prac- tically gives me a Clearfield for broouing pure Italian queens. I have bad over twenty years' I'xiMM- ence in breeding and experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for business" from my own importations and Doo- littlo's "Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single story, 8-f rame, D. T. hive, $6 00; 5 cojonies, $27.50 ; 10 colonies, $.50 00; ono frame uncleus, $1.'0; two frame, $1.75. Select the qnoen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested VI?' 1, 2.110. Select tested queen. .$3 00. After May 1st, one tested (jueen, %\ 50; 3 for$4.(X); 6 for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their being reared, one for $1 00; 3 for $2. 25; 6 for $4 00; 12 for $6 75. I have over 100 tested queens reared last summer and fall that will be taken from full colonies to fill extra early orders. ("ontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with tested or untested Italian queens on reason- able terms. 2-95 12 JOHM t\. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. — If you are going to— :6lJY A BtfZZ-SAW, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a now Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Expert Bce-Kcepcrs should keep posted by reading a paper that is full of improve- ments, expects great apiculfural inventions, and gives them to the public. Such a paper is the Pacific Bee-Jouro2vl of Los Angeles, California. With the new year thi-t paper will be an illustrated monthly at $1.00 a year. Special offor of .50 cents a year if pai i before January 1897. 10-96-tf REHE^Al- OFFSIHS Prompt renewals are very desirable, and for that reaaon I make the following offers. For $1.25 I will send the Review for lf^97, and the book, " Advanced Bee Culture; " or, in place of the book, 12 back Nos. of the Review. For $1.75 I will send the Review and a fine, tested, Italian queen— queen to be sent early in the season of 1897. For $2.75, the Review ^^ and 1,000 No. 1, first class, one- piece sections. Also see the clubbing rates on page 2 and ^ >J the clubbing offer with books as given on page 26. w. z. Hutchinson. fUnt. miich S THF BEE-KEEPERS ' RE Vijl W. 1897 Roors GOOOS. 1897 Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's Onr 1897 hives, with improved Danzy cover and improved Hoffman frames', are simply " out of sight. " Acknowledged by all who have seen them to be a great improvement over any hive on the market, of last year, NEW PROCESS Cheaper and better than ever; clear as crystal, for you 5 can read .Miur namethrongh it. Process and machinery ; patented D,c, 8, 1896, and other pntents pendi'g. Sam- \ pies of the new foundation free. i THE A. I. ROOT CO., \ K Main offije and and factory, Mfidina, Ohio. j » Brance offices at J ; 118 /Aicb. St.: Cbiczigo, IHs. St. Pziul, J^inn- • t 5yrACU5C, fl. Y. 10 Vine St. fbilA., Pa.. A\ecba.nic Palljf AV«. ' •- • ©ottom Prices BRIflG US BIG TRRDE; Good Goo. A. ASPINWALL. 1 N most lines of 1 progress, w e find, with the ad- vantage gained a corresponding evil presents itself. This became ap- parent upon the introduction of im- proved bees, nota- bly the Italians. N o t w i t hstanding their recognized superiority over the black or brown bees, the difiSculty of maintaining them in their parity has been and is still a great impediment to profitable bee-keeping: so much so, that many have have aban- doned them, accepting as a natural result, ' — the hybrids, or, more properly speaking, a ~ ' mongrel or cross with the blacks. ^ To maintain an Italian apiary, unless all other varieties are removed for several miles, requires constant vigilance as well as the exercise of scrutinizing judgement. Not infrequently, a few colonies of black bees in the neighborhood of an Italian apiary, will, after two or three years, become dom- inant in Italian blood. The owners of such, being unlettered in bee-culture, often express themselves as possessing Italian stock. .\t this juncture the difficulty of maintain- ing absolute purity is much increased. As an illustration, we have a queen which be- comes mated with a drone from this mon- grel stock, which is possibly three-quarters or seven-eighths Italian, oi o-ie whicti shows but a trace of dark blood. As a result, her progeny is well-marked, and to the casual observer would be accepted as pure. But, upon close examination, possibly one bee in fifty, or a hundred, will show but a slight proportion of yellow upon the third abdominal ring. Should the bee-keeper fail to recognize this taint of dark blood in the young queen's progeny; a succeeding generation would bring drones into requisi- tion which would contaminate the Italian stock to a great extent, yet almost imper- ceptibly: especially if the law of atavism, (a recurrence to the original type) is display- ed on the Italian side. According to my judgment there i? much itnpurity of this kind throughout the laud. I had an illustration quite similar the past season. A young queen proved to be mismated. After destroying her, I gave the nucleus colony a cell which, after a time, I found was destroyed. In the meantime v.lD THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW. ousiuess matters caused me to neglect the colony, during which time they reared a queen from the larvae of the mismated queen, which in due time mated with an Italian drone. VVlien her progeny began to appear, to my surprise, it was most perfect and beautilulin Its marking. Among my mismated queens the past season, several from the yellow slock show but a few dark bees — possibly one in thirty or forty. This recurrence to an original type is greater in its tendency with golden Italians crossed with Carniolans than Italians and blacks. The logical conclusion would be, that either tlie golden Italians or Carnio- lans, or both, were not sufficiently thorough- bred to belong to a fixed type. A thorough knowledge as to the stock these varieties were bred from would tend to explain this tendency. However, we have the evil of intermixing to contend with, and though we may be able, among the possibilities of the future to control the mating of queens sufficiently to secure mostly pure stock. Its desirability is evinced by the numerous efforts which have been made to accom- plish it. The principle upon which most experienters have worked, has been to limit the flight of the queen and droues to small areas by enclosures made of wire clolh. Such varying in size from two or three ftet square to ten or fifteen feet. It is evident that any or all enclosures will intercept the fiight of both queen and drones to an extent which would thwart the intended purpose. Even if success could be attaineJ, the expense of such enclosures in sufficient numbers for a large apiary would more than counter- balance the advantage gained. So thorough- ly have I been impressed with the impossi- bility of success by such methods, that I never attempted it. However I believe in a method which shall limit the flight of the queen, but not to the prescribed lines of enclosures, and which shall be quite inex- pensive. I have experimented with a con- siderable degree of success the past four or five years upon a method which has partly limited the fiight of the queen. Whether mating at a distance of several miles is due to flight of the queen or drones or both is as yet unsettled in my mind: however, I am in- clined to believe that the queen is promi- nent in making long distances. In proof, I have marked quite a few drones when leaving the hive and found their return to be much within the average time occupied by queens. Still the drones have wonderful wing power, and possibly make equal dis- tances with queens in less time. The method I have practiced is no less than clipping about 1-lG of an inch from the virgin queen's wings a day or two after emerging from the cell. As a result le-a than half as many proved to be mismated compared with an equal number of those not clipped. Clipping certainly lessens the wing power of the queen, and, in conse- quence places a limit upon the time and distance of her flight. It will be observed that such a limit naturally confines the queen more within a home radius, or circle of the home drones. My first experiments were attended with considerable doubt as to whether the queens would still retain sufficient wing power to to successfully mate with the drones, but the uniform success attending the experi- ments led me to clip as much as ,^8 of an inch from two or three with equally good results the past season. Just how much can be clipped from the wings, and still retain sufficient wing power to accomplish suc- cessful mating, is yet to be deter- mined. Whether clipping a hundred or more select drones will be profitable is questionable. In lines of progress the un- expected usually occurs on the successful side. As yet, so little is known about the flight Qf queens and drones that it is impossi- ble to determine without experiements in clipping of both. Possible the clipping of bath queens and drones would result in their occupying a lower altitude in flight, insuring a still less number of mismated queens. On the contrary, the drones might be so weakened in their power of chasing fiight as to be useless. Certainly if the object can be accomplished by clipping the queens only, it will involve but little trouble and expense. It should be understood that success attendant upon clipping is contingent upon having none but pure droues in the apiary containing the young queens, also that the amount clipped from each wing be uniform, otherwise with a lack of balancing power the queens are sure to be lost. I am so well satisfied with past results that I expect to clip all my young queens the coming season. •Jaokson. Mich. Jan. 18, 1897. J HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. More aboat Drawn Combs for Sections. M. M. BALDBIDOE. T FIND the fol- i lowing in the Dec. Review and a request for me to reply. "This much is uow given. That f o u u d a t i o u is drawn out in full sheets and is then cut up and fitted in- to the sections. " But what follows is omited and to which replies are desired. 1st. At what time of the year should the drawing out be done ? 2nd. Are the combs drawn out by feeding or during a honey-How ' 3rd. In what part of the hive is the founda- tion drawn out 'i •ith. How is the brood and pollen kept out of the drawn combs ? 1 and 2. The beekeeper who probably deserves the credit for making the first practial use of drawn combs for section honey made it a practice to have enough full-size sheets drawn out in the fall of the year to till one set of sections for each col- ony the ensuing year. This could be done to better advantage then than in the spring, as the bees were younger and more numer- ous. Besides, it could be done while feed- ing the bees with sugar syrup for winter use. The management was such that near- ly every drop of honey gathered by the bees during the houey-flow was stored in the sec- tions and then sent to market. This of course made it absolutely necessary to give the bees a substitute for winter use; and the best substitute the", as now, was sugar syrup. When the proper time came for giving the bees a set of sections filled with drawn combs, more full-size sheets were drawn out from day to d;iy, so as to have on hand a proper supply when needed. So it will be seen that the drawn combs were se- cured both by feeding and during a honey How, not alone in the fall but also in the spring aud summer. Sand 4. .About the time the drawi comb idea was discovered the bee-keeper referred to concluded to change the style of hive he was using, from the standard Langstroth to another of about the same capacity but with shorter frames. In other words, the frames ran the short way instead of the long way of the hive aud with the bee-entrance at the side. This change secured the drawn combs at one end or at both ends of the hive as desired, and beyond the reach of the queen and the bees tliat were bringing in pollen. At that date — about 1871)— the perforated zinc excluder was, I think, unknown. All or nearly all the foundation for comb honey at that time was drawn out in the brood- chamber. I have perhaps now said enough to give all the bee folks something to think about and to cause them to go on and develop the practical part of the drawn comb idea. But I will add this, that we do not have the sheets of foundation drawn out in the brood- frames for use in sections, but this may be done. The bees can then add to the width and length of the sheet, if they so desire. We want the drawn combs large enough in width and length to cut up to advantage so as to have enough to fill, say 4 or 8 sections from each sheet. Sometimes we piece a section of drawn comb. We prefer light brood to thin foun- dation for drawn combs. Such will be found in better condition for surplus honey use than when drawn out in small sections, and, especially, between sep- arators— wood on metal. This point we deem very important. Nor do we find it a good plan to have the foundation drawn out to exceed 3^ or 3^ inch. It drawn out too much the bees do not attacii the sides so nicely to the sections, nor do ilie combs near the wood, have so neat an appearance when ready for market. The foundation must therefore be closely watched while be- ing drawn out so the combs will not be too thick. A colony in best condition to draw out foundation properly should develop it to proper thickness is about 36 hours — or say two nights and one day. The best time to start the bees on foundation i* near sun-set — and for several reasons. We use strong colonies for drawing out foundation, and with a preponderance of young bees, hy- brids or It;iliau^, we find better than the blacks for thi^ work. A few colonies in the right condition, and with the proper manip- ulation, will supply a lartje apiary with all the drawn combs for surplus honey that the bees can fill and seal properly. We prefer the freshly drawn combs to those drawn out in the Autumn. 1 have surely said 10 U'HE BE}£-KEEPERS ' RE VlK ^ . enough now to keep the comb honey folks busy experimenting on best methods for one year at least. St. Chables, 111. J an. 21, 1897. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. JTTlUSTRALIAN BEE BULLETIN.— "I xl. find that I can sell much more honey in my district by putting the extracted honey in 2 lb. and 4 lb. tins. They should be put up so as to weigh 4 lbs. gross weight ; they may then be sold at a reasonable price, so that working people can afford to buy them. If they held four lbs. net they would be sold as a 4 lb. tin, and at an advanced price which would make the honey appear dear, whereas the producer would not get any more for his honey. The publie look at the size of the tin. They don't stop to ask if there are four pounds of honey or three and a half ; they buy it as a four pound tin and are satisfied. [Nevertheless, I would prefer to state the truth on the label, as is done on flour sacks.] I speak from experi- ence as I have sold tons of honey put up in just that way. I do not consider it practi- cable to put our honey in glass, as we have to pay such a high price for attractive jars and tumblers, that it brings the price of a pound of honey so high that working peo- ple cannot afford to buy it for their children. If bee-keepers were to put their honey up in 2 lb. and 41b. tins I am sure that there would be tons more honey consumed in our own towns, I could mention several stores in my nearest town where they could not or did not sell four sixty pound tins of honey in twelve months, but after I had induced them to try my honey put up in small tins and neatly labeled, why, bless you, they sold at the rate of about two dozen four-pouud tins per week. At first they would order two dozen at a time, but they soon increased their orders to six, and then twelve dozen at a time. My whole crop was sold out in a short tinae. " — "Australian Yinkee. " " Icanuot agree that a queen will spread foul brood, as I experimented over and over again put ing a queen from an infected hive into a heal hly I ive, and in not one case did foul brood appear. If the queen spreads it what is the good of the starvation cure'/" — "Loyalstone. " Bienen-Vateb. — "Every bee-keeper should also be a merchant" remarks Editor Weippl with emphasis. " Whoever lives near cities and summer resorts, and complains of not being able to dispose cf his honey, hasn't the stuff for a salesman. " [Which is true ; but one would like to mildly inquire, why should the leopard change his spots ? In this connection, it seems strange that I have never seen more than one reference to the plan of selling honey in the city markets, as other country producers do their products —a plan which does not require some of the rare and peculiar qualities of the peddler. See Mr. M. H. Hunt's account, in the Amer- ican Bee.Iournal. 1895, p. 85, of his success in this kind of marketing. ] Herr Weippl says further " It is not the thing for a bee- keeper to do to support the public in its pre- judices by unfavorable judgements of dark honey, because he himself has light honey to sell. He injures not only others, but also himself, for the next year he may himself harvest dark honey. " But in the next par- agraph he ''supports a prejudice" by say- ing" Never sell candied honey. " He lays emphasis on clarifying by a gentle heat just after extracting, saying the honey gains in flavor [?1 and appearance by so doing. But the small glasses should be filled when the honey is cold, in order to include no air- bubles. " Herr B. lived in a Moravian villiage, where the sale of honey was scarce- ly possible: the peasants were poor, and strangers and summer guests did not look up the barren region. But the place was the breakfast and dinner station of a rail- road. Herr B. made arrangements with the restaurant-keeper to place his honey- glasses on the counter for a small consider- ation. For ten or twenty kaeuzers (SorlO cents) the traveler received a little glass of honey and a roll. The glass was wrapped in paper containing brief information about honey, with the address of the producer. The business was a brilliant success, and he no longer had to concern himself about other places to sell his houey. Many of his chance customers became lasting ones. " "Advertisements in small provincial jour- nals are very useful, as they generally con- tain but few such, and are read from A to Z." "If also now and then notices appear about bee-culture, value of houey, or re- ciepts for its use in the household, we thus most effectually and yet gratuitously adver- tise for ourselves and our bee-keeping col- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 11 leagaes, for saoh articles and notices are gladly accepted by the editor, provided they are gotten up in an interesting manner and do not allow business notices to show through too distinctly. " He gives a suc- cessful example of such newspaper writing. "Good success has often attended the union of several bee-keepers in selling their honey in one place, establishing a honey-market. A store is rented, neatly decorated, and the honey displayed; various apiarian imple- ments, and other objects exciting a common interest, present some variety, so that the whole is like a little exhibition, to which the public is directed by advertisements and placards. " To separate the propolis from the wax, in the scrapings of frames and hives, put the mixture into a vessel of water and stir a few times. The wax rises to the top and the pro- polis settles to the bottom. — Alois Alfousus. The average yield in 1S'J5 of all colonies belonging to the Central Association in Aus- tria was Wji lbs. of honey and nearly 10 oz. of wax. L'Apioulteub. — M. E. Parod writes from Uruguay that (320 lbs. of native honey sold in Montevideo brought only $11.70, out of which transportation charges had to be paid. That city is flooded with foreign honey, be- cause in Paraguay and tiie Argentine Re- public, which produce an abundance, paper money is nsed, while in Montevido gold circulates at par. What little honey is used in the home market (away from Montevideo, apparently) sells for IS cents a pound. Most of the honey (whether that of Uruguay or of South America in general is referred to, is not clear) goes to European markets, and is paid for in gold, which trebles or quadruples the price of parf^hase, in spite of the low price at which it is sold. And after all the middlemen use up all the pro- fits. He adds: " One has to keep his eyes open in America, not to make a fortune, but to earn bread for his family." He lias also lived in Chili. Boxes and barrels of all descriptions, with a sheet of tin and a stone over them, are generally used for hives there. Chilian honey is sold for 1>2 *o 2 cents a pound in gold. < Turning to the hon- ey quotations in the Sejitember number of L'Apicnlture, I note that Chili honey at Havre is quoted at about 5 cents a pound. Last year it was much iu demand at Haver, even up to the arrival of the new crop of French huney. The cost of transportion we do not know; bnt it looks as if Chilian hon- ey-dealers ought to make money, with a gross profit of 150 to 'J33X per cent., and easy sales at that.) Rheinische Bienenzeitung. — An excellent remedy for all affections of the throat and chest due to imflaramation, such .as cough, croup, angina pectoris, bronchitis and pneu- monia, is made by slowly boiling 1 lb. 1 2-6 oz. of whole onions, peeled, in which incis- ions are made with a knife, three or four hours in a quart of water with 1Z}4 oz. of sugar. (I preserve the proportions, not the exact quantities in the orginal recipe.) The mixture is cooled, strained and bottled. It is important that it be thoroughly cooked^ so as to remain liquid and not be thick like syrup. It should be taken lukewarm. For adults, the dose is four to six teaspoons daily. — From the Oesterreich— Ungarische Bienenzeitung. The editor of the Schweizeriche Bienenzei- tung recommends the following for colds settling on the chest: Boil a quart of pure spring water; add as much camomile as can be grasped in three fingers, and three tea- spoonfuls of honey, and cover tight. The vessel is then to be quickly removed from the fire and set on a table at which the pa- tient can comfortably seat himself. Throw- ing a woolen cloth over his head so to in- clude the vessel he is to remove the cover and inhale the vapors as deeply as possible through mouth and nose, occasionally stir- ring the mixture until it is cold, and then retire to a warmed bed. In obstinate cases the treatment should be repeated for three evenings. A new disease was observed by several bee-keepers in one region. Young bees in- capable of flight came out and died in heaps, and much of the brood was dried up, retain- ing its form. Specimens of the bees and brood were sent to Pastor Schoeufield. He found the bees absolutely devoid of mois- ture. It could not be cut with a knife, but flew in pieces when a stronger pressure was applied. The cause was a fungus in the alimentary canal. Death ensued when- ever it had developed sufficiently to eff'ect a stoppage. The hard larvje were composed almost entirely of fungus, which even pierc- ed the tender skin between the abdominal rings, and showed itself on the surface. At first he supposed it to be the fungus known as mucor iiieclittopthoi~us, or Oidium Leuck- arti (described by Prof. Leuckart on page 12 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViujW. 210 of the Noerdliche Bienenzeitung for 1857 and page 151 of 1859), which causes injurious, but not disastrous effects in the intestines of bees ; but a culture in sugar and gelatine showed it to be new and different. It is closely related to the foregoing ; but still more closely to the f uugus Oidium albicans, which attacks the mouths of infants. A re- port can not yet be made of any practical remedies. Borax is recomended for atrial, also " uebermangausaures Kali" (acid hypermanganate of potash ? ) The Hessische Biene gives an original variation of an old method of introducing. Hold the queen by the thorax in the right hand, and with the left make a hole of the size of a walnut in a honey comb; press the queen in it so that her feet stick in tlie honey, and fasten over her a piece of per- forated paper. N. Ludwig thinks bees pass much easier through excluder openings whf^n they have the opportunity of walking on wood close up to the opening. Leipzigeb Bienenzeitung. — What Herr Pees calls the " running sickness " showed itself in his apiary last spring just after every heavy fog, and lasted two days in each case. The bees rolled out of the hives in groups, jumping convulsively up and down at first, then running around in diminish- ing circles, until when exhausted they died in groups like the radii of a circle, with their heads next each other. The sick bees showed no disposition to sting when their bodies were handled, but when the head was touched, the sting was at once protruded. The abdomen appeared normal. The con- tents of the intestines were watery and pur- ple. A weak solution of epsom salts was given in their food, but they would not take it. Bees of neighboring apiaries, also affected with the disease, were said to have taken epsom salts, and shown swollen abdo- mens but no good effects resulted. At the Reichenberd convention. Pastor Fleischmann read an interesting paper on thermometrical observations of the interior of hives. He uses thermometers construct- ed for that special purpose, to be introduced in the flight-hole. Independently of the ex- ternal temperature, there is a constant fluctu- ation in internal temperature, both winter and summer. The ordinary conception of the immovability of the cluster in cold weath- er will have to be revised. Severe cold out- side is followed by a rise iu hive temperature for a day or two, followed by a depression. Numerous observations show that a top en- trance in winter is an excellent thing ; but there should be no bottom entrance at the same time, as both together cause restless- ness, increased consumption, and early brood-rearing. With only a top entrance, the cluster easily reaches it when the bees wish to fly, and belated bees on their return are not chilled before arriving at the center of warmth. When in summer, with both entrances in use, the upper one is stopped up with an outer temperature of 803^° to 8G° F., a thermometer in the upper part of the hive at once shows a rise of temperature, and when the obstruction is removed, sinks to from nC) to 77°, while at the same time a therometer in the lower part ot the hive is indicating 77 to 903^°. Hence an immense amount of labor in fanning in summer is spared to the bees by an upper entrance, in addition to the lower one. Different colonies in the apiary, apparent- ly quite equal in strength and other respects, show quite different temperatures. A glance at the thermometer shows wheth- er the flow is good or bad. But it is still inexplicable why, with the outer tempera- ture invariable, the inner should fluctuate ■13^° to 7°, and why, when during a night there has been a sinking of from SO' to ()G% on the next night the fluctuatation should only be from 84 to 78'. When one has time for frequent observa- tions, the thermometer is a sure indication by its sudden shoot upwards, that the colo- ny will shortly swarm. Contrary to expec- tation, feeding does not seriously affect it. For a few hours it rises 7^ to 9°, but the next day all is the same as before. According to the Rucher Beige, a sow that had been tied before a bee-hive was cover- ed with stings, and severly injured. Her litter of pigs starved, and both her ears dropped off. This case, together with that of Mrs. Sherman's pigs, as reported in the American Bee .Journal, and a case in Italy previously reported in the Review, makes the efficacy of " hog's-back apifnge" rather mythical. A case was recently reported of a colony absconding in the fall, which had been so abundantly fed as to store some in the surplus department. Commenting on this, N. Ludwig says the reason was it had no empty cells to cluster on for winter, and cites another case, in which a colony TUJL BJi;lL-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 13 thus super- abuudautly provided with stores was found dead iu the spring. Another correspondent, A. Zapfe, reports a precise- ly similar cape of absconding. MUENCHENEK BlENENZEITUNG . — FrOm Switzerland comes the advice to prevent ex- cessive swarming by using queens reared under the superseding impulse. It is sometimes vaguely asserted that the benefit to agriculture arising from the fer- tilization of blossoms by bees, is greater than the direct profits of bee-keeping. Pas- tor Rosenhuber attempts to express the minimum benefit in figures. Suppose, he says, that 10,CXX) bees from each colony fly 100 days in the year, making four flights on each day, and visiting r>0 fiowers each flight. Suppose also that one of every ten blossoms visited is fertilized, and every 5000 blossoms fertilized are worth a pfennig ( nearly ^4 of a cent ). Then the annual profit of each colony to the agricultural interest is 40 marks ($9.52). The direct profit of each colony in Germany heestimates at 10 marks (."^'i-SS), or nearly twelve cents to every individual of population, since by the census of 188i5 there were 1,911,727 colonies in the empire. Bees will not accept saccharine, says the reviewer of this journal ( Marinus Bachma- ier), audit has been declared injourous to health. Dulcine, which is only half as swset, is declared by high authorities to be per- fectly safe: but whether bees will accept it is not yet known. In patching combs (Travenhorst advises the use of tin cylinders to cut out the de- fective portions. With the same cylinder pieces are cut from other combs or sheets of foundation, which are thus an exact fft. Late reared queens, says Herr Riccken, are larger, from 2-25 to 1-9 of an inch longer, stronger built, more prolific, and begin to lay sooner in the sprint;, than early ones : and produce colonies that are stronger, more diligent, and less apt to swarm. German vendors of honey in retail pack- ages now have eight viirieties of printed wrapping-paper to choose from, varying in price from .*1.19 to .*2.;> perthonsand. The printed matter on these wrappers, setting forth the utility of honey, generally has the fault of being too lengthy, says editor Fink. Unless it is read, there is no use in having it. He recommends a kind published in Baden as the best. From the Schweizerische Bienenzeitung is taken an account 0/ experiments by Herr Theiler. Two German colonies were de- prived of their queens and all brood, and Italian queens given. After 30 days, accord- ingly, all the young bees were readily dis- tinguishable, and were from one day to a week old. The youngest bees were not found on the unsealed brood, as they should be according to Gerstung's theory, but on the sealed brood, while bees of more advan- ced age attended to the duties of nursing ; apparently because the younger bees still needed the heat afforded by the closely- packed sealed brood. This assumption was confirmed by a second experiment. Hot bottles, tiles and cloths were placed ext the " windows " of both hives, thus artificially creating a centre of warmth on the farthest and broodless comb. In a few hours this comb was covered by young bees in great numbers. The Preussische Bienenzeitung says that honey is increasing so that instruction iu bee-culture should be abandoned, and a hon- ey-ring formed to keep up prices. Review- er Bachmaier replies that even whisky, su- gar, and petroleum trusts find it hard to hold together, though few in number, with great interests at stake ; and that such a proceeding would be dangerous to the in- terests of bee-keeping, since honey is at best regarded as useful and wholesome, not nec- essary. A "fruit-sugar" product is claimed by its advertisers to be fully the equal of hon- ey. They add an attj Javii of two chemists, saying " The honey was of d.uk y How color, had an agreeable scent of flowers, and a good taste, " and avowedly rely on the high tariff on foreign honey to push their own product, which is very cneap. L'Apicoltoke. — Von Ranschenfels places himself on the side of those who are not willing to let the bees do their own super- seding. In natural superseding, the col- ony is generally weakened, as the old queen is I ear her end. It is generally done with- out the knowledge of the bee-keeper, so that when unsuccessful, the colony is lost. In a state of nature most colonies which perish are destroyed by (jneenlessness. Queens in their third year, in his experience, diminish considerably in egg-laying, even when good. Their colonies gather less, are not strong for wintering, come out weak in the spring, and remain behind in developemeut. Se- lection in developing a good strain is im- possible when breeding is left to the bees. 14 THE B^E-KEEPERS' REVIEW. La Revue Internationale. — I had sup- possed that in running for extracted honey, the bees always preferred to store ( as they certainly do to build comb) above the brood, so that one would run the risk of getting less honey on the "long-idea" plan of using one story, and extracting from the sides, than by using supers and extracting from above. Yet in opposition to this principle, which I believe is now almost universally accepted in this country, we have the fact that the Layens hive in France, and Gravenhorst's "Bogenstuelper" in Germany, both of which are on the long-idea plan, are used to some extent, and that they have many partians. Editor Bertrand incidently gives the solu- tion. He was never able to get good re- sults when frames of about the Dadant depth or less were used according to the Layens sys- tem; and it was not until he had adopted the Layens hive, and then the Dadant hive, that he realy knew what it was to get a crop of honey. He concludes that it is impossible for one frame to be equally adapted to the two systems — bees on Layens frames will be slow about extending work sideways. Another well-known Swiss bee-keeper, M. Theiler, has harvested more surplus since putting supers over his Dadant frames, than when the same frames were managed accord- ing to the Layens system. It seems then that a frame should be considerably deeper (proportionally, or absolutely?) than the Dadant to give the best results on the long- idea plan. The Layens frame, for example, is 143^ inches deep and 12 1-5 inches wide. Possibly here we have the practical reason whythe "long idea" was generally discard- ed in this country. Mr. Poppleton, of Flordia, and some others there (according to Gleanings for 1895, p. 320) still use the long-idea hive, but what the dimensions of their frames are, I do not know. However, to put at ease doubters of Mr. Hasty's calibre (Review, p. 19G— "Conflicts of au- thority the normal state of things in actual search after actual truths"), I may as well add that " Loyalstone " of Australia, an ex- tensive and experienced bee-keeper, uses ordinnry L. frames in his long-idea hives: and still thinks they stand at the top. Denveb, Colo. Jan. 4, 1897. Bee-Keepers' Review PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HDTCHIBSON. Editor and ProDiletor. Tehms :— Sl.OO a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 : three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more, 7:1 cents each. If it is desired to liave the Reviiw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FLINT, MICHIGAN. DEC. 10. 1896. W. B. House, whose advertisement of " Yellowzones" appears in this issue is thoroughly reliable, and I have no doubt that his remedy will do what is claimed for it. I tried it for a cold and it acted almost like magic. " home, sweet home, " IS HABD TO FIND IN OALIFOENIA. Hollow trees and caves in the rocks must be hard to find in California, judging from the following extract from a private letter. Santa Ana, Calif. Nov. IG, 1896. * * * I was driving in the country and saw what I took to be a swarm of bees, and 1 halted to see where they would settle. The proprietor said: " If you want to see a sight, go up stairs in the barn. " For three score years I have never been without bees, and have always been with them more or less, but there was a sight that I had never seen nor dreamed of, since I was old enough not to dream of impossibilities. Hanging from the ridge-pole were sheets of honey at least three feet long and the same in width. Lower down on the roof-boards were other sheets as large as the first mentioned, and under them, lying on the floor, were large sheets of as fine orange honey as one eyer tasted. A few days later I returned and took ten colonies of bees: four from the barn, one from another barn, one from under a table standing on the lawn, etc. You will find colonies in church steeples, windmill towers — any place where they can gain an entrance and find shelter for their nest. * * Wm. Paxton. foundation with deep cells. The American Bee Journal anounces that Mr. E. B. Weed with the A. I. Root Co. has succeeded in making foundation with high walls— from 14 to '^., inch in depth, and con- siderable enthusiam is exhibited. .±iJL BEE-KEH^PEHS' RF.VIEW. 16 I am the last one to oppose or throw cold water upou anything that promises trae progress, but I feel that a most earn- est warning ought to be given regarding the use of such foundation. We all know that the eating quality of comb honey has not been improved by the use of comb founda- tion— much has been the complaint about the "fish bone" in bomb honey. Comb, natural comb, is of a light friable nature — like the feathery, new-fallen snow. Once this snow has been vielted it can never be restored to its former state. It may be frozen again, but it will be hard and solid; it will be ice. Of course. Nature can eva- porate the water, and form it into snow again, but man cannot restore it to snow. In a like manner, once comb has been melted into wax its character is changed. It is no longer comb, but tcax. Another simile has been used by Mr. Bingham, viz. that " Butter is butter, but melted butter is grease; so comb is comb but melted comb is ivax/' CoUib foundation of the light- est, most fragile type is bad enough: founda- tion walls one-half inch deep will be an abomination. Unless I am greatly mistaken it will be as great a blow to the sale of comb honey as has adulteration to the ex- tracted honey market. Vt least let us try this thing most cautiously. I fear, too, that unscrupulous men would use this product, even if it did injure comb honey. Let us be careful what we do in this line. I would not assert that artificial comb could not be made having walls as thin as those of natural comb, but they would still be of icax: and comb honey having such a product as its base would be little else than honey " done up " in tough, leathery, " gob- by " wax — not comb honey wtth its deli- cious, fragile, toothsome, flaky comb. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. HONEY never adaltered in France, eh ? but imported honey nsnally impure. Review '.VA. That sounds remarkably like the way bee folks in "perfidious Albion" try to key up their honey market, and pre- vent importions. One of the the most important subjects recently started is the use of bisulphide of carbon instead of sulphur as a destroyer of moth worms. C. Davenport, in Gleanings XXV 1.'), gives rather startling testimony. Damages flavor or honey, and changes its consistency, in so much that unsealed cells that were not inclined to drip at all shower their contents out with provoking readiness after treatment. Mr. Davenport says he has tried many drugs, and all thit kill worms effectively damage flavor also— bisulphide of carbon worst of all. I suppose we can still trust it for empty combs, which is the main use for a vermicide which most of us have. But it seems that much attention has to be given to stopping cracks, especially in the floor, if a room of any size is to be used — much more nimble to get away than sul- phur gas, A special advantage is that the big worms, that refuse to die in sulphur fumes, will succumb to bisulphide about as easily as the little ones do. Yet at best will not die as quickly as mice and other small animals — needs four hours of treat-, ment if the worms have several combs well webbed together. The ladies have been having some suc- cess lately competing with the bakers in making honey jumbles. Jumbles, besides being delicious, resist the tooth of time remarkably ; albeit they disappear with frightful rapidity before the teeth of Homo Sapiens. First recipe published in Glea- nings called for a barrel of fiour — a trifle be- yond the capacity of the ordinary domestic oven, say nothing about stomach and pocket book. Ernest in XXV 23, whittles it down to— " Flour, ri lbs. lard, 4 oz. ; honey, 3]^ lbs. ; mo- lasses. 14 oz ; salt, J4 oz. ; water, 1 pint; extract of vanilla, one tenth of a gill. " A little more information about how to put the thing together, and how to conduct the baking, would doubtless be welcome. Shall the liquid ingredients be hot, or cold, or midway, when the flour is worked in ? Is it to be kneaded, or pounded, or rolled, or poured from a ladle ? When and where should the vanilla and the soda go in ? By the way, molasses now-a-days is a pretty indefinite article — f;nything and everything from " black strap " to melted sugar in one direction, and pure glucose in the other. It would improve the the receipe quite a bit to define the molasses. May be glucose helps to give the honey jumble its enduring qual- ity, and on that account unglucosed molas- ses would'nt do. And some who keep bachelor's hall will want to know what the 16 THE BEE-KEEPERS' BEVIETV. corporeal likeness of the product is to be, that they may know in what direction to straggle. Is it in the like of biscuit, gin- ger snap, doughnut, oyster cracker, army cracker — or is it to be simmered in lard like jelly puffs, or stuffed into outer integuments like sausages ? Quite suggestive that the rec- ipe as orginally published should have the two ruinous mistakes in it; lard, 3 lbs. when it should have been 10 lbs., and soda 4 oz. when it should have been 4 lbs. Always and for ever we must be looking a little ont. Let's have the whole thing ventilated, with lots of reports of success and failure. If honey is valuable as a sweetening ingredient in pastry it is important to our cause that the general public should be taught that fact. At present they consider honey near- ly useless to sweeten things with. Another thing we want to teach the public, if it's true that a highly superior article of vinegar can be made from honey that should be known. But if the most lucky efforts only result in a vinegar most as good as cider vinegar, and if the usual outcome is a sour liquid badly infected with some mean flavor, and hardly fit to use, let us train our heroic souls to the duty of own- ing up. The Illinois codvention (American Bee .Journal, XXXV 83G) and C. P. Dadant ( XXXVII 1.) have tackled this subject. The general look seems to be that if you would have good vinegar you must have good hon- ey to make it — and we care most to find a use for poor honey. Mr. Lyman stated from experience that the peculiar flavor of honey-dew would persist for two or three years. And I will venture to assume that spoiled honey can never be coaxed into hav- ing anything else than a bad taste. One striking fact brought out is that good vine- gar, capable of keeping pickles, can be bought in quantity for two cents a gallon — acid of distilled wood. Some who have made honey vinegar get lost when you ask them how inuch honey to the gallon ? Da- dant says 1}4 or 2 pounds, according as you wish it strong or mild. The smaller amount if you wish it to make quickly. The practical rule is to put in honey till a fresh egg floats a spot as big as a dime above the fluid. Too much honey means time wast- ed in making. Don't forget that the mak- ing of vinegar is chemically two different processes, not merely one process. You may stop half way, like the man who jump- ed half way across the river. Be sure that alcoholic fermentation gets started; then be patient awhile; then see to it that acetic fer- mentaiion gets started — and don't have your liquid cold unless you want to wait a long time. With exposure to air and temperature just right both fermentations will usually proceed ; but if they don't, the operator should start things. Use fruit juice or yeast for the acetic. People sometimes tear their garments foolishly, and pour good vinegar away on finding it full of living creatures like serpents. These are almost of visible size ; and oft the glass cruet, in combination with the transparent fluid, gets up an im- promptu lens, which makes them look both visible and hideous before our eyes on the dinner table. No help for it — except scald- ing the vinegar occasionally. Dadant says beware of vinegar in which vinegar eels will not thrive — poisonous ingredients. We are promised a good recipe for mak- ing honey caramels after a bit. Gleanings 57. The Progressive with a brilliant stroke of strategy has stolen a march upon the other bee-papera, and engaged Doolittle as assis- tant editor. The Dadants object to an " up stairs " en- trance because they find that much comb adjacent to it is left empty of honey. \. B. .1. 70y. Gallup says there is an abundance of wild bees on Catalina island. So the plan of using it as breeding ground for " Si- mon pure " bees of some new race is no go. A. B. J. 709. Prof. Bessey says the nectar in a flower is always at the further side of something. Being bait pure and simple it is never at the front, any more than bait is in front of a mouse trap. A. B. J. 726. Ernest Root contributes the fact that a slight coating of paraifine on the surface of comb honey so disgusts the bees that they will not remove the cappings, but tunnel under from the side, very much as they do when the front surface of a comb cannot be got at. A. B. J. 740. Evidence that too little warmth and too few bees in queen rearing results in queens much blacker than the original ( as well as poorer) is given by Gallup. A. B. J. 743. As a result of several gruesome experi- ments Mr. Doolittle reports that when hon- ey fails a colony of bees in the brood rear- ing season the results are about as follows. The first day the eggs are eaten, and the THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 17 young larv» are scanted of food. The sec- ond day the larva? are eaten. The third day the sealed drone brood are torn out and sucked dry, and the more solid portions thrown out the entrance. At about this time the bees are noticed to be feeding each other something invisible. He does not say it ill so many words, but apparently he wishes us to understand that the younger bees take pollen and manipulate it much as they would to feed the larva>. and then (there being now no larva' in the hive) feed it to the bees, which are not good at pollen preparing. This may go on several days, if the supply of pollen holds out— exactly how long seems not to be ascertained. For some reason neither Mr. Doolittle nor any- body else seems ever to have been able to get this consumption of pollen started in late fall or winter. At that period bees will starve to death on plenty of pollen with- out eating any, so far as can be discovered. By a brilliant guess he makes the composi- tion of ordinary larval food to be about two parts honey, four parts pollen, one part wa- ter. For the starvation food mentioned above they must learn to use water or larval juice instead of honey. Mr. D's inference is that old bees never eat raw pollen at all. A, B. .T. 757. Prof. Cook says he thinks there has been as yet very little real, scientific breeding practiced on bees. A. B. J. 759. (rlad so high an authority said that. Queens, so far, have been bred to sell: and to sell well their progeny must be prettij. And that with most breeders hitherto has been the end of the chapter. A straw in Gleaning 739 quotes E. T. Abbott as advising that sulphur for fumiga- ting purposes be mixed with equal bulk of saltpeter. Defective combustion is a very common and very had fault in fumigating. Saltpeter supplies oxygen: and if somebody has proved by actual success in practice that the above is an effeciive remedy, it is quite an item. Further proof was hardly needed, but F. Greiner, in Gleanings 740, gipes proof that the foreign authorities are in error who claim that bees will die rather than go at field work younger than I*^ days old. Bees five days old brought some pollen. In another experiment bees six days old brought enough basswood nectar so that it would drop from the combs in the way so familiar to practical bee men. Harry Howe, who appeals to W. L. Cogg- shall as an exempler, says it is good tactics to have it understood that any one who wants honey can have all he can eat by merely dropping along when you are in your apiary, and that without having to ask for it. Practical defense against stealing. Gleanings 747. May be something in it. Prospective thief hankers for honey a fort- night before he actually steals. If the plan given above were in vogue he would call a conple of times during the fortnight, and the stealing wonld never take place — may be. Gravenhorst's favorite way of strengthen- ing weak colonies in early spring is to set a big feeder in the top story of a strong col- ony, and when it gets full of bees take it bees and all and put it over the weak colony— this io be done at evening. Most of them stay at the new location; in fact a large part of them are too young to know the way home. He don't like exchanging the loca- cations of hives for this purpose as with him queens get balled and killed. I am pleased to hear so eminent an authority say that comb-building, under certain circumstances, is mere by-work, and not expensive of hon- ey. Return your after swarms, swapping them, and cutting out all cells. [ I suspect that this is a very valuable suggestion — the complete exchange of the bees of two colo- nies giving seconds about the same time, but letting the frames stay where they are ] Queens of after-swarms get to laying sooner than those from your selected cells. Gra- venhorst uses the migratory system a good deal. Someof his bees last year worked in four different locations, at home, at a big rape field, at a plain covered with white clover, and at the heath in fall. And here's a hint about the mystery that has greatly puzzled many of us — fine flow of honey at one place, and three miles away none. Well perhaps a week or two weeks before the honey flow there was a nice local shower. No honey results appeared at the time, and you forgot all about it: but it develoj)ed bloom, and a honey flow which followed afar off: and where there was no water shower there was no honey shower. This very meaty article is in gleanings 7.t0 and 7.51. Dr. Butler's simple domestic still, to stand on the kitchen stove and furnish a constant supply of distilled water, is worthy of liigh praise. It is not a patented con- cern, but the parts are all cheap utensils 18 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. that can be bought at a good hardware store. You should see the picture, which is in Gleanings 752, and then you will know just how it goes. The Review is interested in the public health, and might well borrow and republish that picture. A common straight-sided kettle holds the water to be boiled (a few inches deep only). An empty can or suitable object, supports just above the boiling water, a dish to catch the dis- tilled water as it comes down in drops. A smooth tin pail, a little more flaring than the kettle, is pushed into the kettle's top so tightly that very little steam gets out. This tin pail is to be kept filled with cold water —probably does not have to be very cold to work all right. Oa the cool bottom of this pail the steam condenses and falls in drops into the dish a little further down. And don't you ever let any grease touch either of the interior parts— nor set the cold water pail down in a greasy sink. With a case-knife bore out the cores of your apples intended for baking, leaving them in the shape of cups. Now place in each one a teaepoonf ul of honey and a tea- spoonful of butter, and bake them in a mod- erate oven. They will be quite too good for a king, and most good enough for an American citizen. Edwin Smith in Glean- ings 752. Doolittle's eyes fail to see the alleged steel color of Carniolan bees— look to him "allee samee" black bees. Worse than blacks to swarm; and always short of honey when winter draws near. Gleanings 7.53. Getting queens from Italy by mail has been mainly a failure until lately. Cages all right, it seems, but too many bees put in. Recently the Roots ordered that not over 35 bees be put in, and presto every queen arrived alive and in good order. Gleanings 758. It seems the British Bee .Journal claims that honey remains liquid better at 7.5° and below than at any higher temperature. Don't believe it. But then that is a kind of don't believes that we should lay up in our hearts ready for reconsideration. Ideas that cut square across our own often turn out to be true and valuable. Not only does honey comb and honey suffer from the larvio of moths but maple sugar, it seems, also has its spegial and par- ticular villian that burrows all through it in summer time. He's yellow with a brown head, slender, and quarter of an inch long. Bisulphide of carbon is plenty good enough for him. Gleanings 787. RiOHABDS, Ohio. Jan. 27, 1897. The Use of Drawn Cembs in Sections. The Illinois convention held in Chicago lately was a good one, and it was well-re- ported. I don't know who did the work, but whoever did, did it well. Among other things that received a little attention was that of the use of drawn combs in the sec- tions. This report tells just a little more of what Mr. Baldridge knows on the subject, but the whole of this part of the report is worth repeating, so here goes: — " QuES. 20 — What about the importance of drawn, or partly drawn combs, in the sec- tions ? Dr. Miller— Is there an advantage in hav- ing combs partly drawn, or having deeper foundation made? There was some talk at the Liucola convention, that there might be a foundation made with deeper side walls. This question bears in that direction, as to the advantage of having anything of the kind. Is there any advantage in it over the ordinary foundation ? Mr. Green— The difficulty of that high- wall foundation would be that there will be too much wax in it to suit the average cus- tomer. Dr. Miller— That won't meet the full question. The question here is, whether there is any advantage in drawn or partly drawn combs? Mr. Green— If you would say freshly- drawn combs, I would say yes, there is a great advantage ; but if you mean sections left over from the last year, I think the few- er we use the better. Mr York — This question was brought up at the Lincoln convention, and it was said there that certain manufacturers were about able to make the drawn combs the same weight, or even lighter, than the natural comh:so I think Mr. Green's ob- jection would hardly hold. I have read in the Bee Journal that some bee-keepers had been using drawn domb for years. There is a representative of theFox riverbee-keep- ers here— Mr. Baldridge— who perhaps can enlighten us I Mr. Baldri'lge- 1 don't think you need any description of the machine. It has wings. The idea I intended to convey was this, it has been a practice there to a cer- tain extent. They used light-brood founda- tion, that is, for surplus honev, and had the foundation drawn outin full sheets. Dr. Miller— In the brood-chamber, or above ? Mr. Baldridge— Sometimes above and sometimes below— that depends upon where l''a£. alLbj-KJLEi'KHt) REVIEW. Id you cftu have them drawu out the best, aud also upou the style of hive you are u-siiij^. If you were u-ja hive with the lotig chain- her, you could draw out at one side of the hive, atid still the qaeeu and bee-bread would uot ijet iuto it. It would take 12 or lo short frames, aud at one end you could have these drawu out. Bat iu the shallow hives they C!iu be drawu out iu the top story in full sheets; uot put iu frames at all, siuiply fasten to tl^e top-bars aud the bees will will draw them out as readily as they will full sheets. After they ar < drawu out part- ly (aud it is not best to have them drawn out too much ) cut them up in correct shape aud put iuto ttie sectious. That has been practiced to a great extent. You can have them drawn out as needed, or you can have a full set drawu out for each colony the pre- vious year, in the fall, when feeding bees for winter on sugar syrup — you thus kill two birds with one stone — you have the foundation drawn out aud the syrup stored. The next season a set of these are given to each colony. The sections are perfectly clean, of coarse, bec^iuse it is not necessary, to cut them up and put them into sections until you want to use them. Yon can leave them iu full sheets and iu that way you can secure a large amount of comb honey. The parties who originated this idea, and prob- ably practiced it to a greater extent than any other in the United States or, if not in the world, claim they could get as many pounds of comb honey iu that way as could be ob- tained of extracted, provided that the bee- keepers would allow their extracted to be seaeld before it was extracted. Now I have given you an outliue and you can work it out at your leisure, if you wish. Dr. Miller — That was practiced a good deal longer than VI years agi. Mr. Green — I used to practice that method considerable myself, and I think now that if I wanted to get the greatest possible yield of honey from a colony, I would do that yet. It is not necessary, as Mr. B^ldridge saj s, to have the foundation drawn out very deep, but just so the bees make a start on it; they will go right to work. Put a few of these combs frtshly-drawn in the supers, and the bees will go up there aud work on it. " How to Make Honey Vinegar. Just at present there is some talk in the jonrnals about making honey vinegar, the process, profits, etc. Bro. York, with his characteristic enterprise has secured the following from the pen of C. P. Dadant, who has probably had as much experience in this line as has any one. •' Vinegar, originally, was only sour wine, (vin aitrrei, but it is now made from all sorts of beverages, aud the common vinegar of commerce is made by the distilation of wood (pyroligneous acid). Unprincipled dealers have been known to add, to the vin- egar, water and sulphuric acid, a very in- jurious preparation. Our farmers, here, make all their vinegar from cider. In Eng- land it is tnade from malt, and even from lieer. But the best vinegar is made from grape-wine or from honey. In inaking our liouey-viuegar, we always use a little wine, for two reasons. In the first place, it helps to make it. In the sec- ond place, as we are grap-'-growers, and make considerable wine, we often have rem- nants that lose in quality or become some- what sour, and these remnants can only be utilized for this purpose. In making honey-viuegar, we use 0"ly in- ferior grades of honey, such as honey-dew, or thin honey that has already fremented. We also use all the washings of our cappings. We have often noticed that many bee-keep- ers render up their cappings into wax without having previously wash«»d them, and when we receive the beeswax from them, it is still sticky with honey. This does no damage to the wax, but it is a waste to the apiarist, an'1 this waste is unneoeessary. When the honey is all extracted and the cappings well drained of their honey, so that they seem entirely dry, we put them into a large boilpr with just water enouffh to soak them. This water is heated a little below the meltinsr point of bees-wax — say to 120°, or a little above this — to a point where yon can just endure the fingers in it. The cappings are stirred in this water, then the water is pressed out. For this pur- pose we use a very small cider-press, but the same work may be done almost as well with the hands while the wax is soft. The press goes faster and does the work more thoroughly. The water. hus obtained looks dark and dirty, but if your cappings have been well cared for the only thing in them, to cause any residue, is the propolis, and we all know that there is nothing dis- gusting about it. After the vinegar is made, all this will disappear, without leaving any trace, as it settles in the dregs. The honey- water is now tested. We use a must-scale, hut as our readers do not have such an in- strument, we will give them an easy test, viz: TaVe a fresh egg, and drop it in theliguid. If it floats, showing a portion of its shell, of the size of a dime, the liquid is of proper streneth. If it sinks, you must add more honev. diluting it well, till the egg comes up. If the egg projects too much, add more water. To make the vinegar from honey, we use from \H to 2 pounds to the palion, accord- ing' tothe strength wanted. The sweete'-the I'qnid, the stronger the vinegar when made. But the weaker it ia, the quicker it is made. The reason of this is that a small percen- tage of sweet diluted, changes more prompt- ly into alcohol and into acid than a large quantity. If you put in too much honey, some of it may remain unfremented for a lonp time, and a very heavy solution would probably never all change by frementation. The weaker the beverage, the quicker it sours. Bear in mind that the fermentation of any sweet or any fruit-jaice Ih first alcoholic, 20 tHE BEE-KEEPERS' REV IE-. then acetic. No acetic, or vinegar fermen- tation, can occur till an alcoholic fermen- tation has taken place, and the more thorough the alcoholic fremeitation is, the more thorough the acetic change will be. After our honey-water has been made, we must iuduce the fermentation by some means. The temperature must be right, about 70' Fahrenheit, and it is best to in- duce by heating the liquid even as high as 90= or 100", if it has not already been heated as above mentioned. A little of excess is not so injurious as a low temperature, pro- vided, however, that you do not reach the germ-kiUing point — IGO- to 170°. If, your liquid was heated to this point, it would have to stand till it had absorbed more fer- ment germs from the atmosphere, and this would be slow. Most honey coLtaius plenty of ferment germs, and it needs but little inducement to start alcoholic fermentation. If, however, there is any delay a little fruit-juice, fresh grape- jaice, fresh cider, or even a little yeast will soon give it a start. The liquid is put into barrels in a warm, sheltered place, the barrel being filled only about two-thirds, as the boiling of fermentation will cause it to rise and a full barrel would spill part of its contents. The bung hole is covered with a thick cloth to keep the gnats and flies away. If the vinegar is made during cool weather, it is best to keep it in a warm room, or in a cellar heated by a furnace. This is where we keep ours. But, if you have no place in which to keep it warm, and must leave it in a cool place till summer comes again, it will do no harm, but the vinegar will be that much longer in getting made. If your vinegar making is carried on in a warm place, in winter, where there is no fear of flies, give it all the air you can. Bear in mind that it takes oxygen, both for the alcoholic and for the acetic fermentation, and this oxygen is to be had only in the air. That is why wine-makers leave their casks open as long as the alcoholic fermentation lasts in the wines, but take good care to fill up the casks and bung them up tishtly be- fore there is any acetic change. We must, therefore, give our vinegar all the air we can, and if we want to make it rapidly, we must transfer it from one vessel to another as often as we can. Vinegar-makers pour their vinegar over beech-shavings, which assist in airing it, and retain much of the lees or sediment. But it is not necessary to go to all this trouble, for after the fermen- tation has been well started it will continue with more or less speed, according to cir- cumstances, till good vinegar is produced. After the alcoholic fermentntion has been well started, it is easy to induce the acetic fermentation, by the addition of sour wine, or sour vinegar, in a small quantity. We make it a practice to always keep at least two barrels of vinegar, the one sour, the other souring, and we refill the one from the other occasionally. If the vinegar is wanted clear, it must be racked, by removing all but the lees, and the latter need not be thrown away, but be used with new vinegar to help its formation. Good wine or cider must not be kept in the same cellar with vinegar, as the germs ot the vinegar, floating through the air, will induce the acetic fermentation very rea- dily in the former. G )od vinegar usually contains millions of small animalcules which prevent it from having a crystalline appearance. These may be destroyed by heatiug to 170'' and will then settle to the bottom with the lees or dregs. Let it not be supposed, however, that these are injurious, for millions of tht se are evidently const med in every glassful of good vinegar, and one should beware of vinegar that dots not contain any, for it is probably made of poi^ouous compounds that kill them. But it is lucky that our house- keepers do not have eyes gifted with mi- croscopic power, or they would regulate good vinegar out of the domain of the kitchen. The writer, at the North American con- vention, in St. Joseph, Mo., in 18it4, met a young bee-keeper who had tried to make vinegar and had succeeded, but said that he had to throw it away because it was full of little snakes, which he had detected by hold- a very thin vial of the vinegar in the sun- light. It must have undoubedtly been first- class vinegar, and he was very much aston- ished to hear that he could with difficulty find any good vinegar that did not contain such snakes, unless it had been heated. To help strengthen vinegar that is mak- ing too slowly, pour it over crushed fruits, grape-skins, ar'ple-pomace, or eve apple- parings, but, above all things, if you want it to make fast, be sure it has plenty of air at the right temperature. We have now in our house-cellar, three or four barrels of wine and honey-vinegar that has been a year in making, because it was not kept warm enough." A Home-Made, Foot-Power, Buzz-Saw. About fifteen years ago I made a home- made, foot-power buzz-saw. Of all the foot power saws that I ever tried, none ever pleased me so well as this saw. I described ii in Gleanings at the time. Many times since then since then 1 have had calls for the back numbers of Gleanings that con- tain the description of the saw. There are but few of the^e back numbers now left, and just now, at the time of the year when bee-keepers are making their hives for another year, it seems a fitting time to re- produce that old article— just as valuable now as then. " The framework of the saw is made sim- ilar to a cross-legged table. It is made of 3x3 oak scantling. The legs are 5 ft. 6 inches long, and cross each other 3 ft. 4 inches from their lower ends. Where they cross, a perpendicular slot, ^g of an inch deep and four inches wide, is made upon the inside of each leg, and into this slot is fitted a piece of hard wood 4 inches wide, 1 inch thick, and 1 ft. long. The bolt that mti. tSlLt:-Kl<.Kt-t:Hii KEViEW. 21 passes through the legs where they cross also passes til rough a slot cut iu this piece of hard wood. Through the lower end of this piece of hard wood is a hole iu which ruus theirou tziulgeou ou the eud of the main shaft. Of course, each pair of legs is fur- nished with such a piece of wood. Each pair of legs is L' ft. T'.j inches apart at their upper ends. The length of the frame, — that is the distance from one pair of legs to the oilier pair is about r> ft. The tops of one pair of legs is fastened to the tops of the other pair by pieces of ."ix:? oak scaut- liuli, bolted on. These pieces of 8x8 scant- ling are about .") ft long, li ft. T^o inches apart, and parallel with each other. Upon the top of these parallel pieces, and at right angles with them, are bolted two pieces of 3x3 scantling, 8 ft. l^.j inches iu length. These last-mentioned pieces arealso parallel with each other. The one at the left, as one stands in front of the frame, is lo^.j inches from the end of the framework, aud the other piece (the right-hand one) is 2 ft. 3 inches from the front end of the framework. Thej are 14 inches apart. It is upon the top of these pieces, midway between their ends, that are bolted the boxes, or set-screws, of the saw-mandrel. The saw-mandrel is of steel, one inch iu diameter, and about 13 inches in length. It is pointed at the ends, and runs iu set-screws. It has a 8x3-inch iron pulley. The saws are S inch. Oh, yesi the mandrel was bought second-hand, at a machine-shop. The larire band-wheel is 4G inches in diameter, and 8 inches across the face. It is made of felloes 8 inches wide, sawed from a pine board. The spokes are made are made of two pieces of pine board, 8 in. wide and 44 inches long. They cross each other at the center, and their outer end-* enter mortises cut iu the inside of the rim of the wheel. .\t the center, where they cross, is a 8x3 inch square, mortise for the main slipft, which is a 8x;')-inch scantling 4 ft. long, to pass throutrh. The wheel is held in place upon the shaft by a key which holds the spokes firmly against some pieces of planks that are spiked upon the sides of the sh^ft. Around each eud of the shaft is an iron band, and in estch end is driven a gud- geon of ^4 round iron, and upon the end of each gudtreon is a 2 inch crank. That part of the treadle upon which the foot is placed is .") ft. 2 in. long, and comes up behind the operator. To each end of this is fastened a bar of wood 4 in. wide, 1 inch thick, and ofeet 3 inche'^ long. These last-mentioned bars extend to the back park part of the frame, and are fastened to the lower ends of the ' hind ' legs of the machine, where they turn upon the bolts with which they are fastened. These bars pass directly un- der the cranks upon the ends of the shaft, and are connected with them by pitman. To the top of the framework, and at the back side, is fastened the saw-table proper. Through one of the 8x3 pieces that supjiort the saw-mandrel, extends a screw with a crank upon it< lower end This ^^crew is to raise or lower the table. From the floor to the top of the saw-table it is 4 feet ij in. A^ this is too high to work with ease, there is a bench 13 inches high to stand upon. The treadle, when it is the lowest, is on a level with this bench. " HOME - MADK, FOOT - POWEK, BUZZ - SAW. In the next number of Gleanings appear- ed the cut that is shown here and accompa- niyng it was the following : "The framework that projects at one end of the saw-table is to support one end of a long board, while cutting pieces from the opposite end. The piece A can be raised or lowered so as to have it on a level with the saw-table. It is hinged at the back end, and is held in position by a thumb-screw that passes through a slot in the standard B. When not in use, this framework can be shoved, telescopic fashion, into the machine. C is a gauge that works parallel to the saw. There is a piece of wood fastened to the back end with screws, that p-oje2l8 an inch below the edge of the saw-table, and at the front end is a thum -screw (D) that turns against the front edge of the table. A piece of hoop iron is nailed against the front edge of the table for the thumb-screw to work against. The saw can be seen peeping through the table at E, The screw that raises the saw-table can be seen at F. G is the little bench upon which the operator stands, while the treadle-bar H comes up beh\nd him. The top of the treadle-bar never goes lower than the top of the bench G. In order to make the pitman as long as possible, a piece of wood (I) is bolted to each side treadle- bar, and to the lower ends of these pieces of wood are fastened the lower ends of the pitmans. .J and K are braces. L and M are the pieces upon which the boxes of the saw mandrel rest. In order to make the large wheel heavy, 4 large stones are fastened inside, one at the edge of each spoke. These stones cause so many ' shadows ' that they were taken out when the picture was taken. " In the next number of Gleanings after the one containing the foregoing there appeared the following : "The illustration of my buzz saw, in the la«t Glf^anings, is excellent, and with the exception of the hearings of the main shaft, shows every part quite distinctly. Had I known how to properly use the sketching camera, I do not think there would have ^2 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. been any exception. Standing at the end of the machine, the bearing of the main shaft looks something like this :— In the October. Gleanings, this part of the ma- chine is described as followF: 'The legs (A A) are 5 ft. 6 in. long, and cross each other 3 feet 4 inches from their lower ends. Where they cross, a perpendicular slot % of an inch deep and 4i". wide 1- made upon the FIXING THE TEEADLE. iuside of each leg, and luio this slot is fitted a piece of hard wood (B) 4 in. wide, one inch thick, and one foot long. The bolt that passes through the legs where they cross also passes through a slot cut in this piece of hard wood. Through the lower end of this piece of wood is a hole (C) in which runs the iron gudgeon on the end of the main shaft. Of course, each leg is furnished with such a piece of .vood. ' Had I gone more into details when writing the above description, I should have said that the hole (C) is an oblongated hole, or, rather, a slot, through which can be passed the crank upon the end of the main shaft. The slot D, in the end of the pitman E, enables a careless visitor to get his foot under the lower end of the pitman, and yet escape with badly pinched instead of crvshed toes. " Mc( 'lube's Magazine will begin in the Janu- ary number a series of " Life Portraits of Great Americans " with reprorluctioDs of all the ex- isting portraits of Benjamin Franklin known to have oeen made from life. There are fifteen such portraits, and some of them have never been publi-hed. Mr. Charles Henry Hart, prob- ably the highest authoiity on early American portraits, is collecting and pditing the material for the series, and will add introduction and notes giving the history of the spveral portraits and whatever is interestine in the circumstan- ces of their production. Therp will also bean article on Franklin by Professor Treat, of the University of the South. ADVERTISEMENTS if the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former by raising this journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." Snarly Queens From good stock. Ona yard averaged 420 lbs. in IS04 I have kfpt bees since 1874 and syld THOUSANDS of queens in the last six years. Queens $1.00 each in March and April. J. B. CASE, Popt Orange, pla. l-91-tf Please mention the Review. $2.50 per M. .5 M $11 50. Kprry Boxes, quarts, ( HallocK ) in the flat, 5$2.r)0 per M, jiiade up, $3.25. Everything cheap in this line. Send for prices. W. D. SOPER, Box 565, Jackson, Mich. No. 1 Sections Please mention the Review. ^;5 Page & Lyon Ij^ ^;^-:<^ i MFG ro. I ^1-^ <^ , Ne-nr liondonr AVls « c€ / ^3 k^»FiF^^.^»»^^^^»y»»i»li^1i.«ll^k"iF«^ "J Nearness to pine and basswood f or- ij ests, the possession of a saw mill and « factory equiped with the best of ma- >,3 chinery, and years of experience, all >^(3 combine to enable this firm to fur- y, ^ nish the best goods at lowest prices. ^'^ Send for circular, and see the prices ©^ ^3 on a full line of supplies. 1-97-tf '^^r.^^s^;-x \ m tht tfeuieut I Buy No locubzvtor | f\r)'i pz^y for it 5 before givin* \ it 21 tri&l. t> The firm that is t afraid to let you try t its incubator before * buying it, has no t ^ „,^„ ,,, „ - faitli in itb machine, t 5 We sell ours OH i 5 TRI^U. Not A Cent until tried' and a * i ciimi can run if witn 5 iniimtos attpntion a $ « rlay. We won FIRST PRIZE WORLD'S 3 t FAiRr and will win yuu lor a sleauy cus- J •turner if you will only bup ours on trial. 5 ; Our large catalogue will cost yon 5 cents and J • give you 5100 worth of practical information } i on poultry and incubators, and the money j ; tl'.ere is in the business Plans for Brooders, j ; Houses, etc. 25. N. B. Send us the names of ; \ three persons interested in poultry and 25 K \ cents and we will send you " Tlie Bicycle : \ % ItH Care and Reijair " a book of 180 subjects % 5 and 80 dlustrations, worth $5. to any bicycle 5 t rider. 1 t V>o/H CULiys IVHCUCATOR c«>., 5 5 10-96-71 Box 150 Deleware City, Del. J Plaasa mention ih* R€ul»it, rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 23 QSQi&jQaaaQiQiaQiQiQiiatjiaEJiiaa&iiaiaaaEi 3 a a c i3 TYPE WRITTEN. B □ kia Names of Bee - Keepers, i The names of my cnstomers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a hook. There are several thousand all arranKed alphabetically (.in tin' largest States). and. althonsh this list has been secured at an ex- pense of huudreils of dollars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at J2.00 per thousand names. The former price was $.'.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each Slate. Arizona 17 .\rk.... 100 .Via t-0 (^alif. . 2!-4 Coio SK) ('anada 846 Conn. . . 126 Dak... as Del 18 Fla .... 71 Ga 56 Ind 638 Ills »0i Iowa . . 6.'^ U4 226 38 ,iOO •J70 Ky.... Kans . . La.... Mo... IVIinn. Mich.. 1,320 Mass . . 196 Md 66 Miss.. . 70 N. Y.. 1,122 Neb.... 272 N J... ISO N. H.... t'.-i N. C. ...60 New Mex 22 Oregon 60 Ohio l.OtiO Penn 64.5 R. 1 37 8. C 40 Tenn 112 Tex 225 Utah 40 Vt 160 Va 110 W. Va 118 Wash 30 Wis 432 \V. Z. HDTC:HIN80N. Flint, Mich. 4 ¥ IS THE BESr ILLSUTH.\TED MUSICAL AND LiTEKAKY . . MAG.\ZI.NE IN THE WOULD Each number contains four complete pieces of new and popular music, copyrighted by us and NEVER SOLD in sheet form at less than 40 and .50 cents each, so that in the course of a year each subscriber recf-ives about $'.'0. 00 worth of music for the sum of $L 00. Th-} IlluHtr-itions are by the best artists, on all subjects. The Literature is the best written; bright and up-to-date, for the home. The rttories are by the best aathors. The Decorative Notes and Fashions are the latest. No illastration or stories unfit for the home ever appear in F.VRY MONTH. HOWKEY, HAVILAND & CO. Publishers ev'by MONTH 4 Eist 2')tli Street, New York. Send 10cent8 for latest copy. PItaae mention the Heoitm. Yellovzopcs FOR PAIVH A7SD FEVER; ESPECI- ALLY Uriel ul 111 I'l-vfis, lliniiun-lies, ('olds, (inp, Hiioumati-ni and Nei ralgia ("urew se- rious as well as C' million ailments, and very quickly. No nnrcotis; iiertectly sate; easy to take; and deligiuiiil in effect, A most use ful household remedy, and every box guaran- teed to please you. or money refunded Hun- dre.is of boe-keepers and others all over the count y are 1 sing YELLOWZONES, but, no lu?- tomer ever yei aske-i for return of moni y ; aLd Tbcy TZklK Tbis Wz^y : — "It's a rare pleasure to find such a remedy." "No one could believe their wonderful pow- er to heal, and so quickly too, without trying them. "' "I have tried Yellowzones for bilious and nervous headache, of '.iO yeais' standing, and THEY KNOCK IT OLEAll TO THE HORIZON ! " Boon laid up 6 months with Rheumatism. Got more relief in 12 hours after taking yel- lowzones than from all else, though a skep- tic." I refer,' with pleasure, to W. Z. Hutchinson as to my integrity, and shall be glad to fill a nice order for you. IBox. 18 tablets, by mail, 25 CIS ; 6 Boxes, Sl.OO. Most orders are for 6 boxes. Let me at least send you an interest- ing circular W. B. HOUSE, VA D., Box 1; Detour, Mich. Apiary and Home for Sale. If you want a nice home, or a well-equiped apiary, or both, in a fine and healthful climate, with good alfalfa bee pasturage, located 50 miles from Denver, write us for particulars in regard to our home and apiary atLovelandColo. Will sell separate or all together. R. C. &E. AIKIN, 1.96-tf. Shambaugh, Iowa. 24 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW- Philadelphia Branch of the i. I. ROOT GO. Order apiarian supplies here and save freight. Wm. A. SELSES, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. We are paying highest price for pure beeswax. The "H'pinsville" Smobf, " ) The above cut shows the "HTGGINS- VILLE" Smoker. Fig. 2 shows the nozzle thrown back for filliug. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draff. ^^" "The 'Higfjinsville' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " J. M Morse. Holdon. Mo. 8^= Price of smokers, 75c ; 3 for $1 gO; by mail add 2.1C each for postage Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO.. Higginsville, Mo. ''lease tncntio/i 'i'o ^puieiu. Why i i.s bes of all, and all abjj ho>v to make and use i, in a2i pi?J pi nphl^, free on applicaiou. DOWAGIAC, MlOH. Pleune rneniioii (/■« Reuieui. 1896 To my customers and friends : Please remember that W H. Laws is again headquarters for Italian queens. I brped nothing but large, well-developed queens, either Golden or IjeHther-coh'red. My Golden strain is from Doolittle's original ONE HU.N'DRED dollab queen sent me after he had reared over l.UUC queens from her. For business and beauty, my bees are unexcelled. Price of queens, each $1.00: six for $i.r>0. Tested, $1.2,i. Breeders, 8i to $4. Ad- dress 4 9o-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., .A.rk. Please mention the Reuiew. *;ni»*»^^*^'»»»F»»«^rf^«T««'« ■»»»^»^»<»^«^H«^»>rfcF^^U*t BlrHl.tritt r Supplies. Root's Rcds at Root's prices. Poudkb's HoNhY .T^ns Prompt ser- vice. Low frpifjlit rates. Catalog free. WALTERS. POl'DER, 162 Muss Ave., Iiulianapolis, ln:l., tiip only exclusive boe supply house )0\jOEK:)^i)' in iDiliana. mention th^ Review, — If yon wish the best, low-dprice — TYPE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He had an Odell. taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing snch a machine. Wanted Immediately RELIABLE MAN OR WOMAN. ASSURED INCOME TO RIGHT PER- SON. THE BEST PAY EVER OF- FERED FOR SIMILAR SERVICE. The Cosmopolitan Magazine, edited by John Brisben Walker, wishes to add a quarter of a million to its clienttle, already the larg- est, of intelligent thinking readers possessed by any periodical in tlie world. IT IS PREPARED TO PAY HAND- SOMELY FOR ASSISTANCE REN- DERED. It wishes the services of one reliable man or v^onian in every town, village, country district, or manufacturing establishment in every State. All that is required of any one is reliability, earnestness and w^ork. No matter on w^hat other work you are engaged, it will pay you to examine into this offer. Apply, Slating position, capability and refer- sntei, toTHECOS.MOPOLITAN MAGAZlNt, Irvington-OD-tbe-HudsoQ, New York. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of dilTerent styles and sizes, made by C. W. v'ostellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. W. H. BRIGHT'S CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec- tions, sprayintr pumps and Bright's comb foun- dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one fine. WM. H. BRIGHT, 1-05-121 Maz-pia. Minn. TIte Land of Honey, The Italy of America I S,-),d for a copii of the. PACIFIC BEE JorUNAL: 305 E. 2nd St., los A»(jele.-\, Ciilifoi nift. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 811. 813. 815. 817 East 9th St. . New York. 26 THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW FOm BOOKS FOR FORTY CENTS ! A MOST EXTRAORDINARY OFFER! We aeree to send, by mail post-paid, /ortj/ raliwifcle hcoksAha reeular retail price of which is five cents each or $2.U0 lor tiio set, of lorts-, uiion ipceipr i r oh;,-/ Forty Cents. 'I'ln^ is at the rato of exactly one cent each, bill l>ear in iiiiml tliat no less than Vie complete set of forty iviU be sold. Never sinco the invention oi the printini; press lias tliero bnen ottered by any rpsponsilile puhlipiinc: bouse such a vast amount of usetul and attractive reading matter upon such terms as we now give. Thofollowing are the titles of the forty books offered: Wonders of the World. Contains descriptions and ilUistrations of the most wonderful works of nature end of man. Very interesting and instructive. Cutlivcr's Travels. The remarljablo adventures of Lemuel Gulli- ver amoni tlic Llliputians and Giants. Lonqfellow's Pocma. No one can afibrd to be without t'.-.i.'' collec- tion of poeni^ I)y I!:c niastiT of American poetry. lUustrrzkd. Ladies^ Fixnnj Tt'orfc. Containing directions for makins many beautiful tliin-s for tlie adornment of liome. Hlustrntcd. Parlor Amns'.mcnte. A I.ttsc collection of Acting C.inrades, Parlor Dramas, S.ia low P.antoiiiiines, Games. Puzzles, etc. The Aunt Ee::ixh rn:Trrs. By Clara A n-TusIa, author of "The Ilugs Documents." A ri liciilouslv funnv book. Manual of Ftoric:ill-tre, Tc.irV.cs the best method of propagating all the dilfor nt plants. m-.Hrnteil. Perfect FAiq-iettc ; or, Eov,- n Behave in Society. A complete manual for lalies an! pentlemen, giving the correct rules oi de- portment for all occasions. The Standard Letter Writer tar Lailies and Gentlemen, a complete guide to corresnon.lence, piviug plain directions lur t..e composi- tion of letters of every kind. Popular liccititions and Phloouen, humorotis, dramatic and pathetic, Including all t!ie latest an 1 most popular. Ladij \'aUcort':'s Dixmtmds. A Novel. Ev "The Dnc'.icss." A Bride from fic S-i. A Novel. Ey C:-.arlotto "I. i;;acr.-.o. The Mysterij at Blackwood Grange. A Novel. Ey XIrs. Slay Ajnee Plemins. /(( (Iw ITorM's il/crc'/. A Novel. By Florence Warden. T:ie niamond LriaU. A Novel. Bi- Mis. beiirv Wood. Cuutijor Not Cuilij- A Novel. By A mau, la M. Douglas. A Battered life. A Novel. By Marion Italian 1. TJe M!rc:mnt s Crime. A Novel. By Uoiatio Alger, Jr. r'le Liurd D:is:i. A Novel. By Miss Jlulock. r.'ie Kii-hts-rid e T.I irtcry. A Novel. By Cliarles Reade. A Deid IU~rt. A Novel. Dy C;ia:l..tte M. BiacDie. T:ie WUm M'Sl;. A Novel. Ey vrilk:c Covins. Ccorije CM:l1c:d'a Jo-'rncy. A Novel. Ev Miss M. E. Braddon. A Tile of Tiree Liors. A Novel. By U. PJder Hasgard. r.'ie Baron's I' ill. A Nov:l. Ey Sylvanus Cobb, Jr. A D tn-erois Womin. A Novel. Ey Ms. Ann S. Steplieni. ror:inj f:e l'\t:crs. All.Wil. By Mrs. Alexander. The Nine cf n arts. A ITovcl. By B. L. Faijeon. i:nthv:n's \:'ard. A irovcl. Ey Florence Marryat. F.iir h-.it F he. .\ ITovcl. Ey C'.arlotte M. Braome. The M:)rnick Farm IJ-t:nj. A Novel. By Wilkle Collins. A Passire Crir^ie. A Novel. Ey " T'..e Duchess." illary Uirdwick's Fivzl, A Novel. Ey IMrs. Henry 'Wood. A Gildd Sin. A Novel. By C arlotte M. Braeme. The Scarlet Cross. A ITovcl. By C^.m Aupusto. Dolores. A Novel. I"y 11/3. Jano G. Austin. Heaping the W::r:.v.:d. A Novel. Bv Mm y Cecil Hay. The ForcelUr.ii:iib::s. A ITovcl. By M. T. Cal dor. Aialha'a Ui-tr.^K A Novel. Er I,; -rgaret Blount. Blue Ejes and LoU:n Lzir. A Novel. By Annie ThomoS. The r.b'jve books are published in neat pamphlet form, many of them handsomely illustrated, and they are printed from clear, buhl, readable type on t;out< s and Larneii sts Very central. Elevator S'lviii" si(»uiii heat, electric li);)its, tile floors, etc. Kales §1.50 to $2 pel IAT». A "jinceless paragon" In the Tomato line; the earliest, most solid and valuable lirge Torar.tocvcrlntroduce'l. It w-ill wipe out ilfty old sorts at as, vcep, Wny longer grow poor sons? 10 PEERLESS WATER-MELON. The best variety for family use. Superior In every respect, and cannot be surpassed In exquisite n.'-. or. Va-y early, of medi- um size, flesh ricu scarlet ; thin rind ; very sweet. 5 EARLY PROLIFIC POLE BEAN. This remark- able bean is e.xtremcly productive, a continuous bearer the whole season; succeeds everywhere. The pods are borne in great clusters, c'ooirs tender and delicious. 10 E\RLY PRIZE HEAD LETTUCE. Itformsheau- tlful heads firm and compact. Is vfry rich, buitery, and of extra fine flavor. It remains crisp and tender for alou.rtime. One of lae very best ever grown. 5 I>I1LLER8 CREA.U fllCSK-MELON. One of the grandest, sweetest and most delicious of all musk mel- ius. Very early, hardy, ai IV. onderfuU/ p. oliflc. Every oiiasiiourdgio.vr a bountiful supply, o 10 LARGE SUGAR PARSNIP. A greatly improved varletv. The roots are long, very smooth: flesh fine grained, t-n ler and tlieflavrrdelicicu-i. It Is a heavy croppe:— a go' d seller ard money maker. 5 VEGETA/tfLE PiiAtiil. A new and beautiful Gar- den Treasure— a vine fruit resembling oranges in color, .'•.hap J and size. Flesh snow white, t.nd make ; very hand- sjme, delicious preserves, pic ), and sweer tiickles. lo MAIIMOTII PUMPKIN. A grand, colossal varie'y pstonlshing everybody by Itsgreat: Ize and heavy weight. It is a REAL "iiUO pounder," and r Iways a prize-winner. E cellent for pies and a splendid I eeper. lO GIANT P.4NSIES. Fifty coloi-s, shades and mark- ing*. Panslos are the loveliest of all Dower.;. Tiiey bloom V ry e rly f.nd will cou'lnue the entire season, mai li^.T. wondrous displ y of beautlf-l CO' ors. . 20 SWiiET PEAS. Fasliion'3 fragrant floral favorite.^;. Over 50varletir-sot incomparable beauty ai.d exqusite perfu T^ coutimiouslloomus; cf the easiest culture; unriva 1 d for cutting ;entrancln4 ; dark, 4 to 4>^ ; beeswax, 22 to 25. Clubbing Liist. 1 will send the Review with— Gleanings, (new;( (Sl.OO) — $1.75 American Bee Journal (new) ( l.OOj 1.75 Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) 1.7.5 Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50)... - 135 American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1 .40 The Southland Queeu ( l.OOt 1-75 Ohio Farmer ( 1.00) ... 1.75 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5i)) 1.10 Farm Poultry (1.00) .. . 1.75 Rural New Yorker ( 1.00) 1.85 Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . 3..50 The Century ( 4.00) ..... 4.50 Michigan Farmer • ( 1-00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer (100)..... 1.75 American Agriculturist (1 00) 1.75 Ladies' Home Journal (1 .00) 1.75 The Independent (New York).. (3.00) 3..50 Ladies' World...'. ( 40) 1.25 Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15 Harper's Magazine (4.01). ... 4.10 Harpers Weekly ( 4 00) 4.20 Youths' Co-npaniou (new) (i.75( ... .2.35 Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.00) 3 50 Cosmopolitan ( 1,00) 1.90 It will be noticed that in order to ^ecnre these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and the Youths' Compapion, the subscribers to these Journals must be NEW. If it i^ any convenience, when sending in your renewal to the Review, to include your renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the fnll price must be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combe straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be_ classified according to color, asing the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," "No. 1 dark," etc. Feb. 34. C. C. CLEMONS CO.. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo. CHICAGO, 111.— Stocks are light and demand slow. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13; No. 1 white, 12 ; fancy amber. 11 ; No. 1 amber, 10: fancy dark, 10; No. 1 dark. 8; Extracted white, 6 to 7; amber, 5 to 5}^; dark, 4 to \y>\ Beeswax, 26 to 27. 8.T. FISH &, CO., Jan 23. 189 So. Water St , Chicago, 111. CLEVELAND, OHIO.-Stocks on hand not very heavy, and honey is selling very slowly at the following prices. Fancy white 11 to 12*^; No. 1 white, 10 to 11 ; white, extracted, 6 to 7 ; beeswax, 22 to 25. WILLIAMS BROS., Feb. 24. 80 & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. CHICAGO. III.— Honey meets with a very light demand and prices are weak We quote as follows : fancy white. 11 to 12; No. 1 white, 10: fancy amber. 8 to 9; No. 1 amber. 7 : fancy dark. 6 to 7 ; whi^e. extracted, 5 to 7 ; amber. 5 to 6: dark, 4 to 4^ ; beeswax. 25 to 26. R.A.BURNETT A CO., Feb. 94. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. BUFFALO. N. Y.— Receipts of all kinds are some lighter, and sales a little better at about same values. Please write us always be- fore shipping. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 9 to 10; No. 1 white. 8 to 9; fancy amber, 7 to 8; No. 1 amber, 6 to 7: fancy dark, 5 to 6: white, exti acted, 4)4 to 5; amber, 4; dark, 3; beeswax, 24 to 28. BATTERSON A (^O.. Feb. 25. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo. N. Y. NEW YORK. N. Y. -There has been a little better demand for honey during the past few weeks, but no improvement in prices, as the season is too far advanced and plenty of stock on the market Buckwheat extracted is now finding fair sale, if candied ; and if bee-keepers have not as yet disposed of their crop, now is the time to send it. Beeswax remains quiet and without any chance. We quote as follows; Fancy white, 11 ; No. 1 whit*>. 10; fancy amber, 9; No. 1 amber. 8 ; fancy dark, 7 ; No. 1 dark, 6 ; white, extracted. 5 to 5!^ ; amber, iVi to 5 ; dark, 3Vj to 3?i ; »)ee8wax, 26 to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN. Feb. 25. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York WM. A. SELSER, JO VINE ST.. PHILA.. PENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and beeswax. Bend samples. iwr©)iw-'^iir®)iir-®)W' ® aneo d ^^^:^^f?>^^S|x«^U^^^^ g) ® IS a book of nearly 100 pages that beg-ins with The Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections, Supers and Sepa- rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arranging- Hives and Building-s and Shading- the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing- Queens and Planting- for Honey are next g-iven a chapter each. Then the Hiving- of Bees, Increase, Its Management and Control, and Contrac- tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising of Good Extracted Hone}^ and " Feeding Back " are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Migratory Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee- Keeping, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, f/lieh. 32 THE BEE-KEEPERS- REVIL'^^^, . Violin for Sale. I am advprtisiiig for the well known manu- facturers of musical instruments, J no. F. Strattou & Son, of New York, and taking my pay in musical merchamlise. 1 have now on liand a fine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius. " Red, French finish, high polish, antl real ehony trimmings, price j;14.'JU. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, (xorman silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price ^2. ."Ml The case is wood with curved top. varnislied, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3 50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20 00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. II't violin has a more powerful, ricii tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell this ou fit, and would acd jn one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will bo sent on a five ilays' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. SI. liONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. ■ Send for circular. 1-96-6 : Please mention the Reuieui. Is Here Theye.ir SHT is here and we are happy to iu- f.irm our friends and customers that we are bet- ter ijrepareil than ever before to till your orders for queens and I)ee8. We have the largest stock ever opera ed by us, and we mean to be ready with plenty of bees and queens to fill all oideis without delay that are sent us, Bees by ihe pound, $1.00; ten or more pounds. 9'! cts. each. Untested queens for 1897, Jfl-OO each in Feb., Mar.. .\pr. and May; $5 0(i for six, or $9.00 per doz. For larger amounts write for prices. Have your orders booked for your early queens. Safe arrival guaranteed Root's goods, Dadant's foundation, and Bing- ham smokers. A steam bee-hive factory, and all kinds of bee supplies. The Soutblz^O^l Que^n, the only bee papei- in the Soath. monthly, Sl.ou per year. Send fof catalog, whicli is almost a complete book on Southern bee-keeping, giving queen rearitig in full, all free fi'r the asking. If >ou want full inforniation about everyttiing we have, and the bee bofik, don't fail to ask for our 1897 catalog. Tb« -/?oni? Atcbley Co., Beeville, Beero.,Tex. lW%vS9i--y ^OMA/ AfeoEL &£0Af. /*ICM ///Ll-rtO. -97-tf The .A. I. Root Cos goods loi sale. RDake Voup O^A/n Hives. 3ce ^ Keepeps Will save mone}' by usini,'- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JfiO. BARNES CO.. 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2 96 12 rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 33 Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, lias Rcceotod a permanent position in Arizona, ami wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told hini if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Fdn. Mill (6 in Pelham i Tank and dip- pins hoards ... 6.00 1 M Sections ( G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Standard 4.00 1 Coil Wire 60 1 Expansion Bit 1.00 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 2.5 lOi) Brood Ca.ies ( New Ho idon ) at -ih 6s Covers at 15 .■>3 Bottom Boards at . . 10 53 Honpy Roards, Queen excluding at 15 2 Kscape Boards at .25 30 Kscapes at 15 T-At New Heddon combs at 05 ■")'J Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior ) at 25 .\1I of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and casps are well made and nicely painted, and havin?? been in use only two or three seasons are practically as good as new. The comb^* are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. .Anyone wish insr to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. BEESWn EnRAGTORS. '1 lie i>niy extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rai)idly by steam. Send f<>r di'scriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. G. FERRIS, 4-06 tf South Columbia. N. Y. MINNESOTA 5 ST. PAUL AND MANKATO. { 5 I am conceited enough to think my many i i friends in the Northwest will be glad to t ^ know that in addition to Italian queens and J 5 bees, I now have a very large and complete 5 « stock of bee-keepers' supplies. Mycatxlogue » \ for a postal. 5 per cent discount in Fobru- ■ 5 ary. Address all letters to 5 5 JOS. H. BOLTON, S \ MANKATO, \ ; l-67-6t Minn. \ » i. Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succeeded in buying all the bees within 2V^ miles of my home apiary. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty years' exper ence in breeding and experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for business" from my own importations. Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single story, 8-frame, D. r. hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, $27. 50 ; 10 colonies, S50.00; one frame nucleus, $1.''0; two frame, $1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested 113 la, 2.(10. Select tested queen. $3 00. After I«Iay 1st, one tested qiieen, $1 .50; 3 for $4.00; 6 for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their being reared, one for $1 00 ; 3 for $2.25; 6 for $4 00; 12 for $6.75. 2-95 12 JOHN n» DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. -If you are going to — BtfY A BlJ2:Z-SAW^, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. 7- Prompt renewals are very desirable, and for that reaaon I make the following offers. For Jl. 25 I will send tlif Review for 1897, and the book, " Advanced Bee Culture ;" or, in -A place of the book, )2 back Noe. of the Review. For $1.75 I will send the Review and a fine, tested. Italian iFit»v»»» wu»w^^ »jnt»^i^¥^«'^^Hrf»«^ i^*^^^** « *«'**»j(^ •'•^R«i«jr« r^^^mim.*-* *^i^<^«^ »^»^-»^^ » I »« », «i« im « • «^«x<»^« r .Sottom Prices Bf^IflC US BIG Tt^nOE; Goow suh'^'',rib;'r saa liu? Sl.OH forths weakly American B?e Jour. Hill for 1897 will receive a coi)y of Nowiiian's lOU-paRf ** Bens find him- py " free. Tlie ol 1 Vini?ric:iri li se .JonrQ il i-i crroat this y-rir. Yoii oujjlit to have it. evci if you do takt« the Review. Sample of Bee Jcurual free. Write fur it GEGRGE W. YORK & GO. 118 MIOHiGAH Street., CHICAGO Illinois. Please mention the Reuieut. It) e r ee-/\eepeps t\)\tli) A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $1.00 A YEAR. W. z. HOTCHiNSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL X, FLINT. MICHIGAN, FEB, 10, 1897. NO 2. AVork at jVUdiigani's Experimental ^piarv. B. L. TAYLOK. APIARIST. DOES ALL OF THE HONEY IN A FOUL-BBOODY COLONY CONTAIN GEBM8 ? WO cases of foul brood were discovered during the season of 1896. These were treated as heretofore by putting the bees into clean hives furnished with foundation and the diseased hives with their combs disinfected with heat. The treatment was completely successful as has uniformly been the case heretofore. The two all- important considerations in the operation are that the management be so careful and guarded that no bees from the diseased col- ony be driven to other colonies and that no bees from healthy colones be [)ermitted to visit the combs of the diseased colony. The reason upon which this caution is founded is that the gerius of the disease are liable to be carried from the diseased colony to healthy ones in its honey — at least it is the supposition that there is such liability. We know certainly that robber bees when engaged in robbing a diseased colony carry the infection to their own hive. We are certain also that honey extracted from combs which have contained the dis- eased larvjB convey the disease to colonies that use it. But to liave this effect it is not necessary to suppose that every cell of honey contains germs, and when we consider how small a proportion of the larvae are freshly effected with the disease at any one time, and that the progress of the disease in a colony is generally quite slow, it is rational to suppose that but a small proportion of the cells of honey contains the germs. There would perhaps be an excep! ion to this if a strong colony becaoie badly affected with the disease towards fall, say in August, when its hive was well filled with brood and when a good fi >w of honey occured in September, for in that case, in the ordinary course of things, as tlie dead matter of the larvaj dried down, the cells containing it would be filled with honey. It would seem inevitable then that a large proportion of the cells of honey should contain floating germs so soon as sufficient time were given to allow the hon- ey to soften the dried matter. After thifl the cells containing affected honey may be largely increased in numbers by the remov- al of the honey from cell to cell as in the spring when brood rearing is resumed. Cowan in his celebrated work laid it down as a scientific fact that the germs of foul a6 THE BEE-KEEPERS brood were not to be found in the honey. This conclusion was not accepted in this country because it was found that practi- cally at least it was not trae. I doubt if Cowan himself would deny that the germs could be mi gled with honey by the hand of man and if they could then they also could, in the ways I have herein before indicated, by the bees. With these exceptions was not Cowan correct. ? This is a matter of considerable impor- tance, because a true answer to the question would give us a pretty clear insight into the methods by wliich the disease in question may be disseminated. If Cowan is correct, with the limitations suggested, then the dis- ease cannot be conveyed by germs floating in the air or carried about on the bodies of the bees, otherwise they must certainly be carried to the honey in open cells through- out the hive. With these thoughts in mind I made an experiment with honey taken from one of the colonies operated on. The colony was quite badly affected, there being in the space occupied by the queen from one- fourth to one-third of the cells that con- tained dead brood. The honey was contained in the two outside combs of the upper section of the Heddon hive. The combs contained five or six pounds of honey and had apparently never contained any brood. The honey was fed to a colony of moderate strength and very short of stores but act- ively engaged in the rearing of brood, by placing the combs in a story above the hon- ey board through which the bees came and and carried the honey below until it was all gone and evidently all or nearly all used in nourishing the growing larvae. In this experiment the thought was th^it if the honey contained the germs that fact would certainly be revealed by the appear- ance of the disease among the brood below and that the continued absence of the di-e;ise would be pretty satisfactory evidence ihat fhat honey contained no germs, and, conse quently, in so far as one experiment goes, ll. at they are not carried about by the action of the air nor upon the bodies of the bees. Several examinations were made of the col- ony during the latter part of summer and early fall to discover the existence of foul brood if such were the fact, but no trace of disease was found. If enough further experiments give the same results a decided relief will often be experienced in dealing with the disease as where there are considerable amounts of surplus honey above the honey boards. Continued observations have been made in the cases of two experiments which have been heretofore reported: one of these was the immediate introduction to a healthy colony of a queen taken from a colony so badly affected with foul brood as to be about worthless. Examinations the last season show that the colony to which the queen was introduced remained healthy as had been anticipated from the fact that it had revealed no signs of disease the previous season. This seems to show pretty conclu- sively that a queen is not necessarily dis- eased herself though she has been for a long time in a badly diseased colony. The other one was the case of a colony of which men- tion has been made several times heretofore, in which what to all appearance was foul brood showed itself without making appar- ent progress, disappearing altogether at times and reappearing again to the extent of 8 few cells only. During the last season it did not show itself in the colony at all. It would be of interest to know certainly whether this was a case of true foul brood, and if it reappears an effort will be made to have the point determi ed by a compe- tent microscopist. Lapeek, Mich. Feb. KJ, 1897. Getting Drawn Comb at the Side of the Brood Nest. E. A. DAGGITT. yRIENDH.— I i} expected to have two or three articles written ■for the Review this winter, but sickness has pre- vented it. I was taken with ner- vous prostration from working too hard, and before I had recovered from it I was attacked with the "grip cold" epidemic. This latter effects my head and eyes very much. I am recovering now, and hope before long to finish an article on sections and other matters which I have had partly written for some time. THE BEE-KEEPtJRS' RtJVIEW. 3t I am very mach interested just now in get- tiuj: drawn out combs for honey sections. Several days hlco, after reading in your ex- cellent little work " Advanced B»e-Cnlture, " in reference to the advantages of empty frames with starters in them for the brood nest in hiving swarms, and also of the dis- advantages of fi ished comb, or frames with full sheets of foundation in them, I conceiv- ed this idea of getting drawn comb for sec- tions. When the swarm is hived, give the queen enough of tiuishrid comb to occupy her for a short time only, or until we can get dr. wn combs for the sections, the re- mainder of the brood chamber to be em- ployed in getting the drawn combs for the sections. It may be better to give the brood nest frames containing full sheets of foun- dation. By brood nest 1 mean the place occupied by the comb^ for the queen. It ought to be, I think, separated from the parts of the brood chamber used for getting drawn combs, by slotted division boards, like, or something like, G. M. Doolittle uses beside the brood nest in his system of side and top storing of honey in sections, or di- vision boards of wire cloth with slots in them may be all that is necessary. It may be necessary to use perforated queen exclud- ing zinc more or less in these division boards and it may be necessary to make them par- titions so as to confine the queen in the brood nest. The queen is to be given only enough of finished comb as she may need it, so as not to encourage the bees to store honey in the brood nest. What she requires can be given as she needs it when the drawn combs are taken from tlie brood chamber. This will cause but little extra work and take little time. It will be an easy matter to add a comb now and then when the drawn combs are taken out. As soon as five L mgstroth's frames of comb are given, no more combs will be necessary to the end of the harvest, and the work of getting drawn combs can be continued in the remainder of the brood chamber to the end of the harvest also. When combs are given the queen they should be placed in the middle of the brood nest. I think it would be best to get the drawn comb directly in the sections at first, and have them, preferably, in wide frames. Then the frames can be lifted out and put into the supers with the least disturbance of the bees clustered in each oection. This is important I think. The separators may make all the division boards necesrary to separate the brood nest from the apartments for getting drawn combs. The latter can be g^t in frames, but it would be too slow a process with only starters in them, and there would most likely be but few worker cells built. Frames containing full sheets of of foundation would be far better, but the trouble would be to keep the thin and extra thin foundation in them. Wiring would be necessary, but I doubt if that would an.swer. The wires could be put four inches apart and both perpendicularly and horizontally. If the frames are of the proper size we have only to cut the comb loose from them and pull the wires out so as to cut the comb and it can be easily separated into pieces just right for 4}4 x il^ sections. I do not like this way of getting drawn comb. I think it would be better to have it built in the sections even if we get somewhat less of it in a given time. Putting drawn comb into sections has serious objections. It would contain some honey or nectar and this would make the job mussy and make trouble in getting the comb properly fastened in the sections. Bees seem to be suspicious of comb not built in the place it is to occupy. I have noticed this when using starters of comb in sections. They were so apt to build bridge combs from the combs to the separators. I could account for this trouble in no other way. Another objection is the disturbance of the bees clustered on the comb, some of which are no doubt comb builders. The system as you see is one of severe contraction of the brood nest for swarms. Limiting and adjusting the size of the brood nest to suit the needs of the queen. Giving the queen room in it only as fast as she can keep the combs occupied with brood and eggs. Finished comb, frames containing full sheets of foundation, or frames with only starters in them to be used in the brood nest, whichever proves best. The parts of the brood chamber not occu- pied by the brood nest, or such part as may be necessary, to be employed in securing drawn combs for the sections. It may be possible to apply the same principle to colo- nies ih it have not swarmed. It could be em- ployed in connection with my arrangement for preventing swarming by the principle of division and the use of two brood apart- ments, one to contain the colony and the other the old brood combs, except one or 38 IffiS BE)^-KEEPERS' REVIK^. two to be given the colony, the bees to be ran into the apartment containing the col- ony from the other apartment as fast as they take wing. The details will, of course, have to be worked out. I have been think- ing of incorporating the idea in my unfin- ished article. Had it not better be tested first? What do you think of the idea any- way. ? Sincerely yours, E. A. Daggitt. White House Sta. Feb. 12, 1897. [ Friend Daggitt's plan is essentially the one that Mr. Doolittle used to use, and may use yet for all I know, that of having an apartment on each side of the brood nest, there being narrow slots through the thin division boards that separated the brood nest proper from these honey chambers. If I remember aright, Mr. Doolittle asserted that the bees built comb better at the side of the brood nest, but stored honey and sealed it over more rapidly above the brood nest. For this reason he had the combs built in the sections at the side of the brood nest and then moved them to the space above to be filled and sealed. I think that the idea of having the foundation drawn out right in the sections where it is to be nsed is the cor- rect idea, but exactly where and how this shall be done under all circumstances and conditions is yet to be determined. There is one point that I fear some of us are over- looking, and that is that the need of drawn combs is greatest at the beginning of the season. When there is a great mass of bees, the weather warm, and foundation fresh and soft, it doesu't take very long to change it into drawn comb. I have had a case of twenty-eight sections filled with foundation drawn out to full length and filled with honey ( but not sealed ) in three days time. What we most need drawn combs for is to get the bees started in the sections in the early part of the harvest. That it is also an advantage later I do not dispute, but the advantage is not so great. In hiving a swarm when producing comb honey, I would not give the queen any drawn comb ( unless it might be one when no queen-excluder is used ) if I were prac- ticing contraction of the brood nest. Such comb will be at once filled with honey to the exclusion of the queen. Let them build comb in the brood frames and the reverse will be true. If we should allow comb building, or have foundation drawn out, at the side of the brood nest, we would defeat the object for which contraction is practiced, that of forcing the bees into the supers. -Ed. 1 After the foregoing was in type, the fol- lowing came to hand. White House Station, N. J. Friend H. On Saturdav I sent a letter to you and received from the post oflBce, by the person that took the letter, the last '• Revifiw. " 1 was eager to find out what was said on the drawn-comb subject. Mr. Baldridee's article, and what is said on the same subject in the extracted department, I have read. At first I was all "all at sea," but after a time my equilibrium was re- stored and I could see the matter in its true light. If drawn combs can be secured only by using light brood foundation. I want noth- ing to do with them. In my opinion drawn comb from brood foundation, artificial comb, and " sugar honey, " are going to desrade the reputation of comb honey to the level of extraced honey, and it is time a halt is called. No wonder Mr. Baldridge gets such lots of foundation — not natural comb. Away with it ! If we cannot do any better than he has done, let us stop where we are. As for myself, I am going to see if I can- not employ my ideas in getting drawn comb without using foundation at all. I am going to take comb and thin it, and then attach narrow strips of it to the top bars of the sections. I wish you to try my idea and in this way. If we can get along with- out foundation at all, all the better. One thing I forgot to state in my letter to you. It is this: If we have all the brood combs we need why get more ? My idea was to use finished combs as the queen needs them In the brood nest, and turn the energies of the bees in the direction of giving us drawn comb for the sections instead of giving us brood combs that we do not need. Your plan of getting brood combs in empty frames is all right if we need the combs, but if we do not need them we had better have the comb built for the sections. That is what I am going to try to do, but I do not want the bees to idle away time secreting wax. I want to so adjust the relations be- tween comb building and honey gathering THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 39 that both will }^o ou tDj^other in the proper proportions so that honey will uot be used up ill produciuy comb that outjht to go into the sections, and we will uot have on hand a (luantity of comb that we will have no use for. You will better understand me now. You need not trouble yourself in answering my letter. Hoping that you and your family are do- ing better if uot doing well by this time, I am Very truly yours E. A. Daggitt. [ la the first place let me say that I am opposed to heavy foundation in sections. But right here is another point. Founda- tion with a very thin septum and heavy side- walls may result in less " fish bone" than a lighter foundation that has a heavy base and liglit side walls. When the wax is iu the side walls it is where the bees can util- ize it, can draw it out aud help make the side walh, and it is true that in this manip- ulation they rfo lighten-up and make the wax more like natural comb. Mr. Weed says that they will work over aud lighten-up the cell-walls when they are % of an inch in depth. I don't know how they can do it. A bee's mandibles can't reach that deep when placed astride a wall of wax. But, if they do do it, that settles it. " Don't know how " will have to give up to " i know so, " but I hope to see some of this with my own eyes and chew up some of the product with my own mouth ere another year rolls around. Friend Daggitt, you must know that prob- ably nine-tenths of the comb honey pro- duced is stored in sections that are filled with foundation. If foundation is used, what difference does it make whether it is drawn out aud tilled simultaneously, or if it is first drawn out, and then filled a week, or mouth, or a year hence '.' That is the point. I am with you in condemning the use of heavy foundation in sections, and I think that all will agree that the use of founda- tion does not i»i/)ror«? tlie "eatability" of comb honey. Riglit here I may say that this subject came up for discussion at the late Michigan convention, and so eloquent did one member becouic in favor of the very thinnest kind of foundation, with )io side walls at all, for use in sections, that a doz- en or more of us chipped in and raised the money to pay for the mauulacture of a ma- chine that would make just such a kind of foundation. To day's mail brought mc a sample of the foundation made on the new machine. It is very thin and fragile, and delicate, being about one-third lighter than the llat-bottom VauDeusen. This will be just as much of a guide to the bees, will re- sult in just as straight combs, as the heav- iest brood foundation, and will give the least possible " fish-bone. " .Just how much, if any, the use of such foundation will les- sen the yield of honey, as compared with the ordinary surplus foundation, remains for experiments to determine, aud they will be forthcoming as soon as it is possible to make them. If we can have the bees make drawn combs upon this thin, " spider-web " foundation, during those portions of the year when they are not pushed with honey gathering, and thus have them on hand to be filled when the honey shower comes along, it is possible that this will be the solution of this most important problem —Ed.] The Failure of "Amalgamation"— The Plans and Prospects of the New United States Bee Keepers' TTnioQ. A. B. MASON. M R. EDITOR, I believe you were the first bee- keeper to propose and urge the amal- gamation of the North American Bee Keepers' Asso- ^^^^^ elation, and the 0 jf^^^^L^ National Bee- j ^|u^^^^^^^H| Keepers' Union, [j^j^|g^^^^|H^P and you have steadily held to the desirability of such a step, and you, and every one who has advocated such a course, has been accused of '• desgins" upon the money in the treasury of the Union. I have no idea that you or any other one had a thought of squandering the money, and I believe that every one who advocated the measure thouglit, and think yet, as I in substance, expressed it in the Sept. number of the Review for 189.5, I believe, I was, and am still, opposed to the amalgamation, un- 40 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. less it can be accomplished without in any way injuring the efficiency and usefulness of the Union; and the sentiment among bee- keepers, in the direction of the union of the two organizations, had become so marked, that the N. A. at its convention at Toronto in Sept. 1895, voted, unanimously, to appoint a committee of seven to formulate some plan for the accomplishment of amalgama- tion, and it was desired that the committee should do its work and report through the bee journals in time so that the N. U. could vote on the adoption or rejection of the pro- posed plan at its election of officers in Jan. 189(5. The committee organized at Toronto by choosing Mr. T. G. Newman as chairman, and instructed him to formulate a plan for the purpose of amalgamation. This was done by Mr. Newman and submitted to the different members of the committee, I suppose, and after some correspondence, and the publication of the plan in the bee journals, it proved to be so " incongruous and incomplete" that the measure was allowed to "die" in the hands of the chairman. Last spring some of the members of the committee, with the aid of other bee-keep- ers who were interested in having the wish of the Toronto convention carried out, for- mulated a new constitution, a printed copy of which was sent to each member of the amalgamation committee, and a goodly number of others, for criticism and sug- gestions. Five other constitutions ( one of which occupied twelve fools-cap pages ) were also drawn up and each without knowing of the other's work, and all six, with all the criticisms received from those to whom copies were sent, were submitted to the con- vention at Lincoln last October. These were all referred to a committee of three, and all the criticisms and suggestions were considered by the committee, and pat in shape. The committee then invited about fifteen of the leading members of the con- vention to meet with them for the purpose of perfecting the measure. What the com- mittee had prepared was summitted to those present, and was thoroughly gone over, section by section, and unanimously approved. It was afterwards considered by the convention in the same way and thoroughly discussed, and finally was unanimously adopted by the Association, and this is the production that has been styled by one of the leading members as " incongruous and incomplete, and crude." Tlie convention then voted to request the Advisory Board of the National Bee Keep- ers' Union to submit it to a vote of the Union for its adoption or rejection; and it seems to me that that the Board has failed to CBrry out the request of the United States Bee Keepers' Union. To be sure, the new constitution was printed with the General Manager's report, but the members of the N. U. were not requested to vote for or against its adoption or rejection. On the ballots for the election of officers there was printed something like this : " For Amalga- mation " and "Againpt Amalgamation." " For amendment to the Constitution, " and " Against amendment to the Constitution." Nothing in the request of the U. S. B. K. U. or in the constitution itself, was said about " amalgamaion, " nor about amending the constitution of the N. U., and it seems to me that the proper thing to have done would have been to state the matter plainly, and honestly, and then have had printed on the ballot, " For the Adoption of the Con- stitution" and "Against the Adoption of the constitution. " As I sit and think the matter over, time after time, I become more and more annoyed at the action of the Advisory Board, six of whom are earnest and active Christian men. Three of these six, with the General Ma' ager, must have couseuted to the publication in the report, at the expense of the union, of an unjust, and uncalled for "criticism," refusing to allow the other side to speak in self-defense. Supposing a case were in court, involving the personal interest of nearly three hun- dred individuals, and that Thos. G. New- man represented the prosecution, or plain- tif and that the Hon. R. L. Taylor repre- sented the defense. Supposing the attorney for the plaintif states ttie case to the jury of two hundred and eighty-two freeholders in his own way, right or wrong, and the judge should absolutely refuse to let the attorney for the defense say one word for his side of the case. Does any honest, sane individual, for one moment, suppose that the legal fra- ternity, backed by every honest citizen, wouldn't set up aery of condemnation, and make it so pointed and efficient that it would sweep the dishonest judge from his seat ? Mr. Newman has very truthfully said, " As there is no necessity for the existence of two organizations to accomplish the work l.tiJ!J BEE-KEEFERS' REVIEW. 41 which can easily be done by one, we pro- pose a consolidation of our two Societies, for the purpose of creating a closer ' bond of union ' between apiarists, and saving them the extra expense of membership in two bodies in order to yain the benefits and advantages one can bestow, " etc. The above, with the added intention of prosecuting the adulterators of honey and dishonest honey commission men, was the aim of those engaged in formulating, and adopting the constitution at Lincoln, and to me, and to scores of other bee-keepers, it seems to be very much more complete and congruous than does the constitution of the N. B. K. U. Provision is made for a special line of work that the N. U. has failed to attempt. It has done splendid service in a certain line, and the General Manager and Advisory Board are to be, and are, most heartily commended for the efficient work they have done. But we begun at the wrong end of the matter. The work done by the N. U. is insignifficant to what it is proposed to do in working under the constitution of the United States Bee Keepers' Union. Had the thousands of dollars that have been spent in protecting a few bee-keepers in their right to keep bees in cities and villa- ges, and in helping to prevent a man from getting damages from a neighbor whose bees he claimed caused his sheep to starve to death, had this money been used in the line of preventing the adulteration of hon- ey, as the United States' Union proposes to do. every bee-keeper on this continent would have been benefited, and the cry of adulter- ated honey would, long ago, have ceased, and many thousands of dollars would have been saved to the producers of honey. In to day's American Bee .Tournal, Dr. Millard of California, says " I expect to be- come a member of the United States Bee- Keepers' Union, amalgamation or not, be- cause we need that especial Hue of work looked after, and I feel, with the able hands at the head, good work can and will be done, and not require any great amount of money, either. But work for a law against adulteration * * * then make use of it, by collecting evidence and letting the public prosecufurs do the work. The Union should 'stand to' antZ see that it is done, and a few cases will 'settle their bash. ' ( Italics mine. ) The doctor hits the nail on the head. Some of the states have laws against adulter- ation, Ohio among them, and the state offi- cers will gladly do the prosecuting, and "foot the bills, " but the Union proposes to, and will, help them. To protect a bee-keeper in his right to keep bees in one city or villiage in a thous- and, is a good thing, but to protect thous- ands of honey producers, and hundreds of thousands, and perhaps millions of people in the same territory, against the adnltera- tion of Nature's most precious sweet, hon- ey, is a much gooder thing, and as 10(j of the 282 members of the N. U, have voted not to attempt this commendable work, the United States Bee-Keepers' Union, I doubt not, will proceed to occupy the field that has been so long neglected. If all who think as Dr. Millard does, and who really have an interest in the work, would send their membership fee to the U. S. B. K. Union., there would be no lack of funds with which to prosecute honey adul- terators, and dishonest honey commission men, and soon make the cry of "adulter- ated honey " a thing of the past. Every one who produces honey to sell is directly interested in the success of of this undertaking. Sta. B., Toledo, O. Feb. 19, 1897. [ It is true, as friend Mason says, that I have worked long, and faithfully, unselfish- ly, and hopefully, for the amalgamation of these two societies, and now, after two years of work, when the matter had finally been put in good shape for a union of the two organizations under a new constitution, the measure has been defeated : but I still be- lieve that we will eventually have only one National Society of bee-keepers in this coun- try, and I still furthur believe that had the members of the National Union fully un- derstood everything connected with this matter, and it had been properly submitted to them, we should now have had only one Society. Although 1 have said it before, it may do no harm to repeat it, that the old Union has done good work, but its work in that spe- cial line is practically finished, and instead of taking up the new line of work for which the constitution was specially changed five years ago. not the first stroke has been done in that direction. It is true, as Bro. Mason says, that the honey adulterators and die- 42 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. honest dealers have injured bee-keepers a thousand fold more than would have the petty neighborhood quarrels over bees that the Union has been so successful in hand- ling, yet not one cent of its boasted thou- sands of dollars has the Union used lighting these greater evils— not a linger has it lifted. Well, if amalgamation has not yet been accomplished the agitation has resulted in the formation of a new Union that will fight adulterators and dishonest dealers. This new. United States Union now has 70 members, and would probably have had many more ere this, but bee-keepess waited to see whether amalgamation would be ef- fected. Now that it has been defeated, there is not a bee-keeper in all this broad land that should not at once send his dollar to the Secretary, Dr. A. B. Mason. Sta. B., Toledo, Ohio, and make this new Union such a power that it can sweep honey adul- teration and honey sharks off the earth. There never was a time when a bee-keeper could spend a dollar to better advantage, that is, more se//i.s7i?y, than at present. I am a poor man and need every dollar that is my due, but I will tell you what I at onetime had fully resolved to do, and that was to offer to make a mana member of this Union and send him the Review one year for 'ijfl.lB, and I would do it now, but the thought came to me •' We don't any men in this Union who have to be hired to come in. We want will- ing volunteers who will put their there shoulders to the the wheel and push. ' ' Come on boys. "—Ed. J Thanks The Review for its Warning Regard- ing Artificial Comb— Something About Smokers. IBVING KINYON. Fbiend H.— Your editorial in the Jan. Review on the artificial comb hits the case exactly, as I see it, and I write this to thank you for your warning. I have taken the Review since the first issue and have always fonnd it working for (he best interests of the bee-keepers. I want to tell you something about smok- ers that is worth knowing, if yon don't know it already. Instead of a hinged cover, have one made with the lower part of the top 2}^ or 3 inches longer than usual and let it slip down out side an inch or so. If your smo- ker is a little fuller than usual, or has a long stic^ in it, you can put the cover on easily with out jamming the grate, and it will not fall off easily. Yours truly, Irving Kinyon. Camillus, N. Y. Feb. 28, 1897. [ The foregoing is a fair sample of the letters that come almost every day. Now, it may surprise the friends some, but, after all of my criticisms regarding the new arti- ficial comb, I am going to ask you all to sus- pend judgement until you have tried it your- selves. I have expressed my views freely on the subject, and I still say that I cannot un- derstand how the finished comb can be otherwise than tough and leathery, but when a man like E. R. Root says it isn't, I feel like saying that I will at least wait until I can judge for myself. Isn't that fair ? Ed.] ii-c^^^"^:^^^^ The Evolution of Comb Foundation. T. F. BINGHAM. 27 HE history of '± comb founda- tion extends over a period of about thirty years. The original founda- tion, the Weiss, had A 110 side-walls and ^A^ w : could be made very '■^V (■ i?' f^^fel thin on plates, but could not be made rapidly, nor in large sheets. So the cost and possibility of supplying the market hindered its general use. At that time, however, the black bees, constituting a large per cent., produced most of the comb honey, and bee-keepers did not feel the necessity of large starters, as the blacks would make combs in any reasonable place and almost without wax. But the general introduction of Italian bees, determined to store only close to the brood, and the desire for flat combs caused by the introduction of movable frames made foun- dation a necessity, both for surplus and brood frames. Thus came about a series of changes essential to profit as well as con- venience. iHlt BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 43 As no patents were j^rauted on foauda- tiou mills, I am not able to give, without much study, the circumstances of their iuveutiou. but I associate Mr. A. 1. Root with their iutroductiou. His diary may be full of accounts of his experiments in that line, but, at that time, his position regard- ing patents was such, of course, that he would not have taken out one. Either the fact that side- walls were a ne- cessity in making machine foundation, or that side-walls had an economical value, at once brought side-wall foundation to the front. Various styles were brought out embodying the side wall idea. The price of wax was no consideration compared with the high and ready market for honey, and the sales increased with its nse. But a new phrase was introduced in- to bee literature, viz., " Fish Bone, " and it was admitted that the use of foundation for comb honey was a kind of compromise — not an unmixed blessing. Too much bees ifa.r and not enough bees comb entered in- to its construction. True, it was claimed that the bees thinned the foundation and made it as the natural comb. Still, the "fishbone" was there. >(0 one ever dis- covered what became of the wax so gnawed or drawn out. It did not appear as waste anywhere, and the general opinion prevails that as the combs were of greater consistency than those made entirely by the bees, that the wax, though thinned and transposed, still remained. It was no detriment to the brood combs, but bee-keepers were ready to see that it was not a benefit to surplus comb honey, except in shaping the combs and determin- ing the size of the cells. It now appears that the high side walls, higher than ever, perhaps making founda- tion Vj inch thick, are possible and desirable, both for surplus and brood combs. What will be the probable effect of such founda- tion V Of course, in the brood frames it will do no harm, but can the same be said of comb surplus ? What will the consu- mers say ? Will they not say " We had ' fish bone ' now we havf fish bone com- pounded. " Will it not increase the sale of such honey as can be mixed? It behooves bee keepers to take a careful view of the subject. Fabwell, Mich. Feb. 11, 18!)7. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISUED MONTHLY. W. Z._ HUTCHINSON. Editor and ProDrlelor. Terms :— SI. 00 a yoar in advance. Two copies $1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; tivo for $4.00 ; ten or more, ".') cents each. If it is desired to have the Revisw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FLINT. MICHIGAN. FEB. 10. 1897. A Honey Leaflet is something that I at one time fully expected to get out, but troubles and other matters so pressed me that I did not "get around to it. " I am pleased to say, however, that the work has been taken up by most capable hands, those of Dr. C. C. Miller, and the A. I. Root Co., is publishing the leaflet. " Notes From Foreign Bee Journals, " and Hasty's " Condensed View of Current Bee Writings, " are both absent this month. They were both a little late in coming to hand, and when they did come, there was almost enough of other mattter up, and that of matter that is very seasonable, that of the new United States Bee-Keepers' Union, and of the use of drawn combs in sections and the new artificial comb, hence it was thought best to let the articles of our good friends Hasty and Thompson go over until next month, especially as the Review is behind and we wish to " catch up " as soon as possible. Bee Joubnals have been born and lived a short time ( some of them a long time) and then died, and Dr. Miller thinks that it is not kindness on the part ot other journals to editorially notice the advent of a new journal by praising it. That is, that praise only stimulates the editor to go on and spend more money in continuing its publication when he might have stopped if we only had told him that — that his journal was no good. I can't agree with the Doctor. Adverse criticism or even silence would be looked on by the new journalist as simply the result" of jealously. Besides, the new comer sometimes out-lives and out-ranks the older journal. To withold the usual editorial notice will neither make nor mar the new journal, nor prevent its editor from 44 TBF BEE-KEEPERS' REViujW. going on in the course he has mapped out. The editorial notice of a new journal is simply the polite bow with which we greet a new comer, and to withhold it looks either boosish or Pharisaical. THE CELL-WALLS OF THE NEW ABTIFIOIAL COMB. I have been having some correspondence with Mr. E. R. Root and Mr. E. B Weed in refer ence to the tenacity, elasticity, edibil- ity, etc., of the new artificial comb. This kind of foundation or artificial comb has been used in the Root apiary the past sea- son, and Mr. Weed's idea is that the bees do work over and thin down, and thus some- what change the character of the cell-walls, making them more like the natural comb. He believes that the bees will do this if the cells are not more than % in. deep. He has sent me four pieces of cell- wall taken from sections built out by the bees last summer and asks me to say whether I can distin- guish the natural from the artificial ones. I do not gather from his letter whether all of the samples are from the artificial comb, or if part of them are from natural comb. I certainly can see but little if any difference in them. But it is not by the eye alone that we are to judge of the palatability of honey produced by the use of this artificial comb. The proof of the pudding will be in the eating. I shall wish to try some of the samples in my own yard, see the bees make it into complete combs, fill them and seal them, and then try eating them. Perhaps I am stubborn, but there is nothing like actu- al, personal esperienoe. When I know from my own experience that the use of such comb is not detrimental to the quality of the comb honey that is built from this as a base, I shall be ijaost happy to say so and to rejoice in its success. After the foregoing was in type there came another letter from Mr. Weed, from which I make the following extract : — " In the first place, I can not admit that there is any practical, ea square feet, per pound. In summing up the results of this year's work, we may conclude that considering the values of the comb foundations to be dependent upon the extent to which they are utilized by bees in cell formation, the Choice Wax, Root Mill, temperature 99= F, gave the best, and the ' Patent Process, ' 12 square feet and 1") square feet per pound, the poorest results. Both the Choice and Poor Wax of the ' Given Process ' give very heavy ' fishbones. ' Coucerning the other brands on these points, the differences are not sufficiently well marked to allow of any emphatic statement being made respecting them. " It will be remambered that special stress has been placed upon the tenacity of this make of foundation, how it would not sag when other makes stretched and broke down. It is possible that this very quality is what prevents the bees from utilizing to so great an extent the wax that it contains. Some Editors' Ideas on Sugar Honey. Sugar honey is something that I agreed not to argue about any more ( for a while at least ), but when I see the other journals give it a touch once in awhile it seems pret- ty tough for me to have to keep still. For instance, my good friend E. R. Root, of Gleanings, admits, in the Feb. 1 Gleanings, that Prof. Cook is covrnt in saying that bees do change over cane sugnr, but he does not think that this admission should be con- strued into an argument in favor of sugar honey because — well, I will quote his exact words. '•Raw nectar, as it is gathered from the flowers, is taken very slowly, a Httle at a time, and digested by the bees. Syrup, as or- dinarily fed to bees, is taken so rapidly that they have little lime to prepare it or digest it, therefore sugar honey should not in any sense be classed as honey. In talking with Mr. R. F. Holterman, of the Canadian Bee Journal, this week, I found that he was of the same opinion. " From fifteen to twenty pounds in twenty- four hours \s the greatest quantity of feed, either of sugar syrup or honey, that I have ever been able to induce a colony to take from a feeder, and this will be only when it is y(/s< given them. Later, a colony will not take more than ten pounds, while five or six is the rule. In the height of bass- wood bloom a single colony has frequently stored more than twenty pounds in one-half of twenty-four hours, in some cases as high as thirty pounds have been stored in one-half of twenty-four hours. Where is your argu- ment now, my brethren ? No, I am not arguing for sugar honey, but I can't stand it to see people set up straw men and then kick them over. Drawn Combs— They may Prevent Swarming — Their Value in a Poor Season. Gleanings for Feb. 1 was something of a symposium on the value and use of drawn combs in sections. From the three leading articles 1 make the following extracts. The first is from our old-time correspondent. J. E. Crane, of Vermont. He says: — " 1 have used such comb more or less for the past thirty years, and do not think the estimates of its value are at all too high. There are two or three advantages: The bees will fill them quicker, commence working in the sections sooner, and, if a row is placed outside of the clamp in the first part of the honey season, these will be filled and fini.ah- ed nearly or quite as soon as those filled with foundation in the center of the clamp. A little care is needed to produce the best or fancy combs of honey with the^e drawn combs. They should all be cut down if they are more than one-half or three-fourths inch thick. If not cut down, the bees hesi- tate about sealing them; and when sealed they are very apt to have a f^oiled or dirty appearance. After the honey is extracted from such combs in the fall I place them in clamps and put them on top of some hive so that all the honey may be taken out dry and clean by the bees; for if any is left, the next crop of honey when put into these cells is more apt to granulate. " Next comes an article by F. A.. Snell of Milledgeville, Ills. Mr. Snell brings up a 46 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEVI^. point that I have often thought of, but I don't know as it has been touched upon in print. Well, read what he says and you will see what it is. "This subject of drawn combs has receiv ed much attention the past few years, and it is an important matter; and as I- have had some experience along this line I will give some of my ideas. There is no doubt in my mind as to these combs being valuable to a certain extent. lu each row of sections I very much wish to have about three of the central ones contain drawn combs, to be put on each hive run for comb honey at the opening of the surplus-honey flow. I find work is begun sooner than when only foun- dation is put in. All colonies will begin sooner, and with some a difference in time of a week or more. In others it will make a difTerenceofsicarminfj or no sivarmingfor the sea.so»i. The apiarist with long expen- is aware of this. A point that no comb- honey producer should overlook is that of setting his bees started in storing in the supers: and every inducement should be made to this end so as to secure such. Once well at work in the boxes, more supers add- ed at just the right time will do very much to prevent the swarming impulse, and thus secure the largest possible amount of sur- plus honey. " The next is a California man. Mr. E. H. SchaefEe. He says:— "I was under the impression that the use of drawn combs in securing comb honey in ' off ' years was common; but from late arti- cles in Gleanings I see that it is new to many. The fact that bee-keepers working for ex- tracted honey have a crop when comb honey is a failure should have suggested this to everyone. That 'bait' combs are a good thing, has been generally admitted. In the season of 18a"> the honey-flow was very strong up to March, and the sections had their combs well drawn out, and many of them full, when the flow ceased and the bees emptied them of their contents. During the remainder of the season the bees just about made a living. This left me two thousand sections filled with comb. This season I put all of these sections on. The flow was very poor, but the sections with drawn combs were all filled, while no comb was made in any of the other supers, nor did any of the other bee-keepers in the section ( who make only comb honey ) have a pound. " Drawn Combs in Sections. At present there is no subject in which the apiarian world is more interested than the one that heads this article. In the last copy of his Quarterly Mr. Heddon expresses his views on the subject in the following language:— " On page 88.") of Gleanings, dated De- cember 15, is an article by our old-time honey producer and co-worker, M. M. Bal- dridge, entitled, ' Drawn combs for sections not a new idea. ' We were much interested in reading the article, because we were con- versant with the experiments referred to by Mr. B., and further because Editor Root's foot-notes diff'er with our years of experi- ence in that line. We do not believe in the practice of having foundation drawn out in large frames in the brood chamber, or any- where else, and then cut up and transferred into sections. What reason can the advocates of such a practice give for not having the foundation drawn out in the sections ? Surely there can be but one, and that their experience is that bees will not draw the foundation read- ily and promptly when placed in sections in surplus cases, but that the same bees will do so when placed in the brood chamber. That this may and probably has been their experience, we do not doubt, hut early in the season, just as soon as they are ready to place their foundation in their brood cham- bers, we will put ours into our sections and surplus case, and place that on top of our divisible brood chamber, after alternating the brood cases, and we will demonstrate that we will have our foundation drawn in- to comb promptly, and as quickly as theirs will be. Somebody has said that with our system of management, with our horizontally di- visible brood chamber, trouble is liable to come from the bees placing pollen in the sectiDiis. How does Mr. Root expect to keep the pollen out of the combs drawn out in the brood frames ? We never had any trouble from pollen and these contra- dictory statements seem very strange, do they not? All can plainly foresee the no small amount of increased labor, much of which is among the bees, and so all will see the great advantage of placing the foundation just where it is wanted, at first, and be sure of practical results. None who use our hive and system, will ever think of adopting so tedious, laborous and round- about a system as transplanting comb foun- dation. In his ' Review, ' Brother Hutchin- son places great stress upon drawn combs for sections, stating that with them he ex- pects to get as much comb as he would of extracted honey. We have no such experi- ence, and don't believe he ever made a fair test of the matter, and we give our reasons for our position, as our readers cannot see our past experience. Bees are always slow at patching up all kinds of transferred combs: they are also slow a. capping the same. When Bro. H. talks ' as much comb as extracted honey, ' provided the sections are supplied with em- pty combs, we think he reckons wrong. With shallow extracting ca-es. properly tiered up. we get our honey for the extractor thoroughly ripened, without its being one- third capped. Beside this, it must not be lost sight of, that if that it takes the bees longer to complete their work of capping, than to do all the rest of it. The last one- eighth of that work, that which we must have done well, to make our comb honey THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 47 innrketable, is usually whut delays us in get- tiusr off the eouili houey supers. We believe our luve ami system is the best extrtut, not only for the prt^mpt drawinj^ of fouuditiou iu seutious, but likewise, the prouipt and complete cappiiij,' of the same, but .ve still feel sure we can raise more ex- tracted honey thau corub, and doit with less labor, for It is also true that the labor for the bee ina-;ter, is luucli lessened by the use of the shallow, close-tittint: frames, in lit^ht oases, properly handled, in the production of ripe, tiue-tlavored extracted honey. " I ara with Mr. Heddou iu thinking that the place in which foundation will eventu- ally be d awn out for comb honey is in the sections themselves. Remember that I have made no experiments in this direction, I am siuiply tellin? what I think. The sav- ing of labor iu this direction will be great. and that ragged appearance that friend Baldridge spoke of in last Review, that re- sdUs if the combs are drawn too far and put into the sections, will be entirely avoided. I don't know whether the plan of having foundation drawn in the sections has been tried or not. Of course, I know that partly finished sections have been saved over from the previous year, but whether there has been any attempt to have foundation drawn out in the sections to be used " right away soon, " I don't know ; but whether there has or not, I am willing to risk the matter with the inventive genius of our bee-keepers to discover some plan whereby it can be thus drawn out. I am well-aware that more and cheaper extracted honey can be produced by the plan followed by Mr. Heddon, that of securing its ripening without its bei ig fully sealed, and it is possible that more extracted honey can be produced in that manner, but if the extracted tioney is to be all sealed 1 believe that just as much comb honey can be pro- duced if drawn combs are furnished. If not, why not ? Regarding my experience with drawn combs. I have for years saved the half- finished sections from the previous year, and used them in the spring to give the bees a start in the supers. I have never had enough to give a case to each colony ; if I had enough to give half of the colonies these half-drawn combs I did well. In this way I have had ample opportunity to note the value of drawn combs in this particular place. I have this to say. As a rule, a col- ony given a case of drawn combs will fill those combs with honey and have thtm sealed and ready to come off and will have commenced work in the case of sections furnished with foundation that has been placed baneath the case of drawn combs, by the time that a similar colony will have commenced work in a case of sections sim- ply furnished with foundation. In my ex- perience, a case of drawn combs in the spring is as valuable as a case of finished sections, as it enables me to get one more case of honey from that colony, nay, more — the giving of these combs relieves the pres- sure upon the brood nest and results in the brood combs being more perfectly filled with brood at a time when more brood means more workers in the bass-wood har- vest. The Production of Comb vs. Extracted Honey. It is the general belief that twice as much extracted as comb honey can be produced. Before settling down to this belief it would be well to consider the views and experi- ence of R. C. Aikin as given in the follow- ing article taken from the American Bee Journal. "The question of how much more ex- tracted than comb honey can be produced, remains unsettled. We have for years been taught, and have generally accepted as true, tliat two pounds of extracted can be produced where but one of comb can be. I have not believed this statement, and do not yet think it proven. Many good apia- rists— who would not knowingly represent an untruth — have asserted that they can get double, and even more, of extracted over that of comb. In order to show that there are some mistakes made iu the estimates, and to stimulate those so inclined to make more definite experiments, I write this article. It is now over 20 years that I have been producing honey. I think, without excep- tion, there has not been a year that I have not produced both comb and extracted, and in the same apiary. Without any very close estimates I had always thought I could get from 3 of comb to 4 of extracted, to 2 of the former to 3 of the latter. The last few years, however, I have put the ra- tio 3 to 4 as more nearly correct though this ratio would not apply at all times and in all localities, but in a series of years in most locations it would be more nearly right than the higher ratio. It has ahcrnjs been my practice to keep siron'j colonies for lioneu-gathering, the strength bfing maiiitiined by discouraging or preventing swarming, and bydonbling. The general factors governing in the matter are strength of colony, rapidity of flow and temperature. 48 THE Bj^E-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ILL.USTBATION3 FOB OOMPABISON. 1st, a weak colouy. The flow slow and the temperature low would confine the col- ony to the brood-cliainber almost exclusive- ly. Raise the temperature and still they would be loth to leave the brood-chamber. Increase the temperature and flow both, and they would do fair to good super work, either for comb or extracted. A t;ood flow and low tempeature would give some honey in extractitig-combs, and but little or none in sections; but the colony with sections would paf/c the brood-chamber more solidly than the one having the extracting-combs. 2ud, a strong colony. Flow slow and temperature low would pack the brood- combs and put some, possibly, in the ex- tracting-combs. Flow slow and tempera- ture high would be apt to put nearly all honey in the extracting-combs, and possi- bly a little in the sections. Flow good and temperature high would rapidly till the extractitig-supers and sections, both: and if unlimited room in both, nearly all the hon- ey would go into the extracting-combs, while the comb-honey colony would pack the brood-combs and put the balance in the sections. Flow good and temperature low would fill the brood-combs well and do good work in the extracting-combs, and fair in the sections. Now while the weak colony cannot build comb with the temperature low, they can and do pack the brood-chamber solid. If sections were on they would not work them, because they cannot: but the same colony having "xtractiug-combs would put some in near the brood-nest. A rapid flow and tem- perature high enough so they can build comb rapidly, or go to any part of the hive, the comb-honey colony will put all they can in the brood-combs, and work a corner or end of a super of sections; but if it had extract- ing combs it would put the honey mainly above and the brood below. If one keeps only weak colonies he may expect the percent of extracted to be much above that of comb honey; but if good to strong colonies, they can preserve heat enough to build comb to receive tl e honey as it eorne' in and wi'l always ppck the brood- chamber; hut, on the other hand, if they have combs ready-built they will — when given unlimited room — put nearly all the honey above and fill the brood combs with brood and pollen. If the honey-flow be in the snmmer — basswood or clover — the weather will nearly always be warm enough for comb-building, hence strong colonies at such times will gather about as much when run for comb as for extracted. I admit there will not be as much in the sections as in extracting-combs; but right here is where nearly all are at fault in their estimates. Only the honey in the super is counted, yet the comb- honey colony has usually from 10 to 20 pounds more honey in the brood-combs than has the other. The more room with full sets of extracting-combs, the more the super will get the honey to the disadvantage of the brood-chamber. The stronger the colony and the warmer the weather, the more the tendency to store in the extras and have the brood-combs light. If the weather be so cool as to interfere with wax-work and still have a good flow, the ready-built store- combs give the colony quite an advantage over the one that has to build, hence in such case the extracted-honey colony would do much the best. I think right here is where my experience has been so different from that of others. It lies in two facts: I keep 8trou.:jcolouies— stronger than the average apiarist— and my honey season has been in the midsummer when the weather was hot. My basis of calculation has been hot weather and strong colonies. While at the Lincoln convention I learn- ed from the Nebraska people that their flow comes in the fall, with generally cool weather, and especially cool nights. These cool days and nights would make it difiB- cult to build comb, yet the secretion of nectar went on and the davtime was warm enough to let the bees gather. I remem- ber a little exiierience in Iowa on that line, when the cold at night drove the bees from the sections or stopped work in them. There is also another condition that favors a larger yield of extracted honey, and that is when the flow comes very suddenly, and to some extent when it continues very freely. An abrupt flow that would fill the brood- combs in two or three days before wax-se- cretion gets fully started, would result in loss because there would be no place to store; but I have never but once had such experi- ence. That one time filled the brood-combs and IG drawn sections, and the foundation in the other sections, was being worked, and new wax beginning to be added. It is clear that in this case the ready bnilt combs were a gain. It is now conceded by many that unfinished sections are good property. I consider them valuable to use even if the honey in them were to be extracted. There are times when the flow is abrupt and free, that they would be of service: but the great- est gain to be derived from them is in get- the bees started in the sections. Keeping a colony on scales and taking a daily record is a very good way to find ont many things about results under the various conditions. I have for many years kept a scile hive, but I have lost much of the ben- efit by not keeping a permanent record in a book. The season of 189.T I had three apiaries. f)ne was run for comb, and one for extracted only. The scale hive showed a da^lv crain during the flow of a little less than 2'^4 pounds. The total gain was G2 pounds, and the time 2G days. In 1897 the flow 'asted 2'> days, and the average pain was two pounds per day. In 1894 the flow lasted .SO days, and gavp a total gain of 60 pounds— 2 pounds per day. Now right here I want to give my experi- ence for seven years with three apiaries of 200 to 300 colonies, and with both comb and extracted honey produced. The year 1890 was a good year. The average yield was l.TO pounds per colony. 1 have not now the figures, though I have a rather clear remem- brance of general results. This year was the one experience previously referred to in XUL BEE-KEKrjLKH Ict'.VlKW. 49 which the flow came very abruptly and free- ly, where there were Hi uiitiuishi'd sections per Cijlouy on to start with. The ll iw was very free for a week or more, aud then uot so free, yet fair to good, lasting ;">:$ day?. Countiut; the surplus and winter stores, the averau'e train was about .">'■,_, pDunds per day. The extremes of yield wcro "_'.'> pounds for the loi\e-«taud '250 pounds for the hiirhest colony. Add to this the winter stores, and the averawre daily gain for the best colon\' was about '^% pounds. In lSi)l the yieUl was about 100 pounds per colony, with prohnblij about :5'.i pounds the averatje per d ly. In 18!);> there was a fair yield; it came rather abruptly, but not of very long duration. The years 18;Kt. 1895 and 18i)(3, have been previonsly given. Now there was one thing that was plain in th ise years : Invarialily the comb-honey colonies wintered better. Tiie best year of the seven — 181(0— the best yield from any one colony was a comb-honey colony, though I must admit that the best colonies were run for comb honey. Some pretty fair colonies were run for extracted, and, on the 2 to 1 plan, should have shown as much as the comb-honey colonies. The two years of 18S4 and IsOo I did take more extracted per colony than comb, but the following springs I fount how I got it, when the bees of this lot were starving to death, while the comb-honey lot were well suppli- ed with stores. In 18'.m;, I watched the mat- ter carefully, and when I left my extracted colonies with stores eqnal to the comb-hou- ey colonies, I got no more from the one than from the other. Taking the seven years throughout. I am now throughly convinced that I shoild have been better off had I tak- en less from those run for extracted honey. I would have had more bees alive in the spring, and better co'ouies when the flow came. There are two evils in the use of the ex- tractor. The first is a disposition to take unripe honey. The second is to take too much. As before shown, there is a stroTig disposition on the part of strong colonies, having a lot of empty combs above, to put the honey there, and when once there we are prone to extract it. thus leaving the col- ony short of stores. With nie this is no the- ory, it is a fact proven by experience. Now if your flow is in the fall, or when the weather is too cool for comb-building, it is evident you can tret more extracted than comb. If you keep weak cnlonies the ratio will be still more marked. But with strong colonies and comb-bnildinir weather, the differe ce is by no means L'reat. Never for- eet to count the contents of the brood-cham- ber when estimating the work of a colony. There is one other point often forgotten: A normal colony will have a surplus of wax that goes to waste when run for extracted honey. I do not believe we lose 20 or more pounds of hr)npy when the colony builds comb. The bulk of wax n-fd in the sections would be secreted if the colony were run for extracted, just the same. Mv next article will treat of the cost of producing and marketing the two kinds of honey, etc. One Cent^^®^« :':•*. Invested in a postal card and :V:".t;; addressed as below will fjet my 11 Larp lUnstrated CatalcEue I'i*: of everything a bee keeper needs. .•.•■;•■ (iot the \. I. Hoot Co'e. goods of ii.-jV.; me and save freight. Send me a L'i:*: list of what you want and see •■•i' wliat I can do for you. Beeswax y*.il bought or made up. #: M. H. HUNT, Bell Brancli, Mich. ESarly Queens. Tested Italian queens, at $1.U0 each, ready to mail April Ibt. Ttiey are good, prolific queens, bred from good stock, and reared late in the season of 1896. Untested queens in May, 75 cts. Can furnish either the golden, or the dark im- ported stock. W. A. COMPTON, 2-97-3t Lynnville, Tenn. Snarly Queens From good stock. Onj yard averaged iiO Ihs. in \<9i I have kept bees" since 187-1 and syld THOUSANDS of queens in the last six years. Queens gl.OU each in March aud April. J. B. CASE, PoPt Orange, pla. l-9l-tt Please mention the Review. No. 1 Sections $2.50 per M. 5 M $11 50. Kerry Boxes, quarts, I llallock 2 in the flat, S2..10 per M, made up, 8-?. 25. Everything cheap in this line. Send for prices. W. D. 80PER, Box 565, Jackson, Mich. *F»'»t'^'*^m'te»> ■ •»F1i»<«^mi«*^ ^J Page ito Lyon \^ I*^**i New London, "Wis "'* Nearness to pine and baeswood for- ests, the possession of a saw mill and factory eqniped with the best of ma- chinery, and years of experience, all combine to enable this firm to fur- nish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices on a full line of supplies. ''^/,mJ^':Mr:^'.^^i^'^^'''^^^^^^^^~''^^ 50 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW. T^ISE gallants, -when striving to win smiles ^^ frcm a blooming maiden, always appear in faultless attire. If you, as an advertiser, are striving to win the smiles of that coy goddess. Fortune, take a lesson from these gallants. Let your advertisements be gotten up in the most attractive style. If it is pos- sible that your ideas: as presented in former Advertisements have not been so becomingly clothed as they might have been, let me be your tailor. Send your ideas to me and let me dress them up for you. I have had years of experience in this line of work, and fairly delight in so clothing an advertiser's ideas that they at once become attractive, convincing and capti- vating. Give me a trial, and see how I can " suit " you. No fit, no pay. W. Z, HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Expert Bcc-Keepers should keep posted by reading a paper that is full of improve- ments, expects great apicultural inventions, and gives them to the public. Such a paper is the Pevcific Bce-JournevI of Los Angeles, California. With the new year this paper will be an illustrated monthly at 81.00 a year. Special offer of 50 cents a year if paid before January 1897. 10-96-tf Please mention the Review, THE ART OF one year for Incubation I Eroofingi BY E. & 0. VON CUL.1N. This is a new book on the subject, fully up to date, and givps every thing on the subject from A to Z. Cloth - bound, gilt, 50 illustrations. Price $1.00; or I will club it with the Review W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. BEE - KEEPERS' SUPRLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK, 283 Wash. St., N. Y. City. (SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue Buy No locubevtor I ,»»»»»•»« »i^jr«ir« «• *i« • «*i /\n iniiiiifps nttontion a J ^ flMv. We won FIRST PRIZE WORLD'S 5 i FAIRf f'U<' ^^'1' ^^iu you lur a sieaoy CUB- J ^ itJiiier if you will only bup ouis on trial. J ; Our large catalogue will cost you 5 cent4 and J i give you 5100 worlh of practical information 5 5 on poultry and incubators, and the money 3 ; there is in the business Plans tVir Brooders, 5 ; Houses, etc. 25. N. B. Send us the nhmes of J J three personv intercstpd in poultry and 25 J 5 cents and wp will send you '" The Bicycle:! 5 IiM Careand Ri'pair " a book of 180 subjects % 5 and SO illustrations, worth S5. to any bicycle 5 5 rider. i \ VOW CULIfl liHCUCATOR C^., i 5 10-'J6-7t Box 150 Deleware City, Del. J itiE BEE-KRErERS REVIEW, 51 1 Nanies of Bee - Keepers. | a TYPE WRITTEN. 12 a u Borc»!iCcriccrir;r,cr:r;r;ccccGCc:r".r The namen of my customers, and of those ask- ins for sample copies, have beea saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thousand all arranKe, lli^iHiKcliL'S. C(d(le, Grjp, Rlioumali'-m and Neuralgia CurcH ge- riousaswoll as common ailments, and very quickly. No narcotics; perfectly sale; easy to take; and delightful in effect. A most use fol household remedy, and every box guaran- teed to please you. or money refunded Hiin- dreils of bee-keepers and I'thers all over the count y are using YELLowzoNES, but no < us- tomer ever yet aske'i for return of money ; and Tbey TalK Tbis Way : — "It's a rare pleasure to find such a remedy." "No one could believe their wonderful pow- er to heal, and so quickly too, without trying them. " "I have tried Yellowzones for bilious and nervous headache, of ^0 yeais' standing, and THEY KNOCK IT CLEAU TO THE HOBIZON ! ■' Been laid up 6 months with Rheumatism. Got more relief in 12 hours after taking yel- lowzones than from all else, though a skep- tic." I refer, with pleasure, to W. Z. Hutchinson as to my integrity, ami shall be glad to fill a nice order for you. IBox. 18 tablets, by mail, 25ct8; 6 Boxes, $1.00. Most orders are for 6 boxes. Let me at least send you an interest- ing circular W. B. HOUSE, A\ D., iiox 1; Detour, Mich. Finest Sections in the Market. We wish every subscriber of the Review to send us iheir names onapcstal, and we will send them our price list for 1897. We have all the up to-dale machinery for manufacturing the one-piece sec' ion, and we make the finest sec- tion at the lowest priee. Don't wait— write to day and oblige the WAIJZEKA SECTION CO., 2-97-tf Wauztka, Wis. PleasE mention the Reuiew 52 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEVC ia Branch of the A. I. ROOT GO. Order apiarian supplies here and save froiglit. Wm. A. SELSEE, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. We are paying higliest price for pure beeswax. The "fiigpsville" Smoker, The above cut shows the "HIGGINS- VILLE " Smoker. Fig. 2 shows the nozzle thrown back for filling. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draft. iW " The 'Higginsville' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " J. M Morse. Holdeu. Mo. 8^" Price of smokers, 75c ; 3 for $1 8U; by mail add 25c each for postage. Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Why i is bei of all, and all aboa how to make and use i, in a 22 piji puaphli, free on applicaion. jjis. Ke»oow, DowAGiAc, Mich, Please mention the Review, 1896 To my customers and friends : Please remember tha* VV H. Laws is again headquarters for Italian ijueens. I breed nothing but large, well-developed queens, either Golden or Loather-col'-red. My Golden strain is from Doolittle's original one hundrkd dollar queen sent me after he had reared over l.OUi; queens from her. For business and beauty, my bees are unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for Sl.jJO. Tested, $1.25. Breeders, Si to $4. Ad- dress 4 9.5-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark. Please mention the Review. Himl.Cratl r.rft.l ORIGINAL J BeeSmoker BINGHAM SMOKERS i Bave a fonilernil Record, ; m HAVE LASTED 17 YEAHS. 1 I Best ouEartli. (jive Perfect Satlsiactio:i. \ * « 5 My cool Wire Handle and Bent Nose were a ; patented i892, are the original, my best in- | * vention since my open or direct draft pat- r t out in 1878. That revolutionized Bee - Smo- K 5 kers. My Handle and Nose Patent bent all 5 J 1 he other smoker noses. None but Bingham * 5 *^mokprs have all the best improvenif-nts. \ JifyouLny ^— - — =r^^|g^'rfp genuine J ; Bingli a m '^^^i^iil,' - ■ BraokersJ 5 and HONEY KNIVES y»"i will \ never .egief it. The '" Doctor," ^ inch I'r- j ger than any other smrikcr on the mark^t— f 3}4 inch !-tove, by mail. $l..'it) j (\>nqTeior,3 inch stove, by mail, . .. 1.10 J Larue, 2V;, 1.00 g Plain. -' ' ' 70 3 L'ttl*- Wondor. 2 inch, wt. 10 oz. .tiO J Hinghani & llotherington Honey Knife. .80 J T. F, BINGHAM. FarweH, Micl. \ Muth's :r EY EXTRACTOR pi;kfe('tion Blast Smokers Square eizk^ss Hopey Jar?, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Cu.\s. F. INIoth & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers. 1-96-tf Please mention the Ceuiew i'tL£. tH!.E-h.l<.t:i^KRS REV It: W 58 i OAOANT'S FOUNDATION BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee ylue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, loo, 'without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the pami>le which will be sent upon application. LANQSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHftS. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, IIIS. ^ 4-96-l2t Phase mention the Revie". ^_^^^ l^y~~ i •W«tc'^|)oVPtR"S/,p* See Thit Wink ? Bee Suiipliea. Root's go (Is at RuotV prices. Poddkr's HoNtY .) MIS Prompt sor- vico. Low frpiglit rates. Catalog free. WALTERS. POl'DKK, 162 Mass Ave., IiiilianapdiiB, In.l., f lie »)niy exclusive l)ee supiily house in Indiana. mention thi .leuiem. — If yon wish the best, low-dprice — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He had an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circnlars or to correspond with any one thiiikiug of buy- ing SQch a machine. ML <"^ LISTEN! [ISTEN! I have on hand about 40,000 strictly tirst - cla,-s. one - piece sections. For such sections, the leadinii dfalers are asking from S2.'2"> to A2 .')() for a single 1,0(X), but I am anxions to turn these sections into money as soon as poe^ible, and as long as any rem lin niis )ld I shall r.ff, r LOGO sections, and the Review one year, fo- only ."<;2.75. W. Z. HUTCKiNSON, Flint, Mich. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. Clostellow. and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. W. H. BRtGHT'S CIRCULAR FOR 180,5, describes every thing needed in tlie apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec- tions, spraying pumps and Bright's comb foun- dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one fiee. WM. H. BRIGHT, l-0,T-12t Mazpppa, Minn. The Laud of Honey, The Italy of America I Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 365 E. 2nd St., Los Aufjeles, Califomin. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, bll. 813. 815. bl7 Eubt i)th St. . New York, 54 THF BEE-KEEPERS' RLVin^W. FORTY BO A MOST EXTRAORDINARY OFFER! We aeree to send, by mail xn.\(\. forty valuable becks. t\ic rocrtihir retail priro of rrhich is five cents each or $2.00 for t!)o net of lovlv. ui"'.i vccuivt < f OKi;/ FoH:j C'ryJs. 'i'ln-: is at I'.io ia;o < f exactly one cent each, bni Ue?.T in miml tlmt no less than the comjyletc. sh of forty vii' b-. S'.frt. Never sinco I'le invention oi the printing press Im^ there li^en oti'iroil I'y any n^sponsible pnlilis 'in^ imnpo piirlip. vast amount of nselul and attractive readins matter upon sucli terms as we now give. Tlio following arc lUo titles of the forty books offered: At tlie TTorM's Mere". A Novel. Ey Floreuce Vnnlen. r/^e Punwitd Lr.fcU. A llovel. U..' Mis. Hcliiv Wood. Gid'.t'jor h'ot Cdulj. A l.'.ivcl. Ky Aman.Ja W Douslas. A Dxtlcral l.i.'c. A Kovtl. Dy Wui ion liai hill 1. I".Vc III:rc:ir,nl s O-iir.c. A irovil. l!y llov.itio Aljer, Jr. 7,'ie Lt!(i-.1 Djs'i. A Novel. Uy Bliss Jliilock. r.ie K ii::^lsrid c TI irlcr-j. A Kovel. Dy C'.inilcs Rcade. A DeT.l IL-.rt. A irovcl. Ky C:ir.;l,.tte M. Biacnie. T:ie Ycllvi) MisI;. A irovel. liy V.'iik'.n Coilins. Ccorge C.ti/J.'iir.'ds Jj:irnaj. A Novel. Tv Miss M. E. Braddon. A Talc of Tr/ce I.io.:o. A ITovlI. Cv U. Ki.lcr HnscalU. "le Darsn'a V.iU. AKov.l. Dy Pyivanus Cobb, Jr. A Dt»:!-.o:s jroniT.i. A ITovel. I'.v BI s. Ann S. Stephens. r^rjnj t\c r.t:c:-c. A IT.iv. 1. Ey Mrs. Alrxander. r.'ie N:::c rf II arts. A ITovcI. liy D. L. Farjeon. I!:it:iv:n's I'.'ard. A ITovcl. Ey Floronre Marrynt. TjiV h-.it F he. A ITovcl. Ey Charlotte M. Binome. - ..-„ , T:k Mjrwiclc Farm L'-n:ru. A Hovel. By Wilkic Collins. The Starulard Letter tVriter for Ln''.ie8 and Gentlemen, n eomnleto A Passive Cri:::e. A rovcl. Ey *' T'.e Duclicss.'' guide to correspondence, piving plain directions lor t-e composi- lilarjj Ilir:'wicli's rrjr.\ A TTovcl. Ey B^is. Henry Wood- tion of letters nf every kind. Popnlrir I!ecititio}JS ami Viilooiies, humorons, dramatic and patlietic, IncludinT all tlie latest an \ roost jiopidar. Lady I'alicort't's Piimonds. A Novel. Ev *• T^lo D;ic".:css." A Bride from, t'le .9-i. A Novel. Ey Cx-.'lotto ;I. E.-.-.c;v.e. Tlie Mijstcnj at Blackwood Grange. A Novel. Ey ll;s. liay A^nes Fleming. Wonders of tlie IVnrld. Cnntaino descriptions and illustrations of the most wonderful works of nature end of man. Very intcrestins and instructive. Gulliver's Travels. The remarkable adventures of Lemuel Gulli- ver araon^ tlic Lilliputians and Giants. Londfelloir's Poems. No one c:in afford to be without tl.is collec- tion of pocnn i)y l".;c master of American poetry. lilustratcd. Lailies' J^anctj tVorlc. Containing uiicetions for niakiiis many beautiful t;iin~3 for t.ie ndorninent tif home. lilnstrntcd. Parlor Amnsements. A fn-"c collection of Actin:: Cimrades, Parlor Dramaf^, S.ia lo'.v Pantomimes, Games. Puzzles, etc. Ttie A unt Kezii.'i Pnirrs. I!y Clara A u=ru8la. author of " The r.ug; DocumcnlR." A li liculously funny lionk. Manual of Florie ill ire. Teac'.-.es tho best method of propasating all the difr,;r:nt |ilants. ni-.ittrated. FerfeeX Etiq-iette ; or, Jlorr to Behave in Society. A comolefe manual for laiiee an 1 pentlemen, giving the correct rules oi de- portment for all ocras AGild.dSln. A i;ovcl. Ey C .a.lollc M. Braemc. The Scarlet Cross. A Novel. Ey Cl-.;a Aujrusta. Dolores. A Novel, I'y IZ:3. Ja:;o O. Austin. neaping the 'H':.:r:i::d. A Nov;!. Ev Mary Cecil Hay. TIte Forcelli"i Fni::^. A ITovcI. Dy W. T. Caldor. AnatJia's F:::->ni. A ITovcl. Ey LI.Tgaret tlount. Blue E-es and CcL.'.a iSzir. A IIovcL By Annie Thomas. The abftve 'ooolis are published in neat pamphlet form, many of them handsomely illustrated, and they are printed from cloar, bold, rcaduljle type ou i;oud pap«r. Eacli boolc coutal s a coii'.plete, tiist-class novel or other worls by a well-known aiid iiopulur aaihor, piiblishid lu tlio liandicst and most convenient form for readinir and preservaiinn. It is nut a I.-irge uumlier of novels or stories bound tosretlici in one book, but forty separate and distinct tooks. And we asree to s nd lo .von— not one, or five, or ten; but tlie whMe forty splendid books by mail post-paid, upon receipt ui forty cents ! The rofrtilar priro for tliese bonks is five cnts each, or two dollars for the set of forry. In liie c itulojucs r f a:iy of the popnl.'ir " Lil)i aries " or "Series" you Will lind the same books listed an 2.5 cents encli. Unt takin;; them at their own low price tfte forty splendid books liere offered are actually worth two dollars, and yet we send the entire lot pnst-paid for only forty cents. This is the most iriirantic. Die most startlinir "offer ever made by any responsible and reliable publishing house in the world, ami is possitde only from the fact that these bnoks.ire manufac- tured in very larce quantities, with the latest improved machinery. It i^ a crand rliance for every lover of literature, anil will furnisli a whole wintni's .leli-htinl rondinir. TV« will sen. 1 tho Knrtv V-iltmhie Hooks above tin mod i>v mail post-paid upon receipt of only Forty Cents. Not less than the entire set of fort 'j wlllbe soli under any nrnimstnnois. will send the Forty Valnalile Books as above described by mail postpaid, altiO the Review for one year, upon receipt of f 1 30, which is only 30 cts. in addition to my regular sub- scription price, so that you practically get the forty books for only 30 cts. The cffer of Dec.i the Review and the (Cyclopedia of Useful Knowledge for only ¥l.2">, is still open, W. Z. HUTCfllN'SOiN. Flint, Mich. Special Premium Offer: \^ 4i GTIONS 5EGT50N5 4 Oar business is makiug sections. We are located in the basswood belt of AVisconsin, therefore the material we use cannot be better. AVe have made the followin<^ prices : No. 1 5now White. \ No. I Crezvrp. $1.00 2 CO 1.75 150 500 $1.25 5 500... IPOO 2.50 5 1000 30 3Ul)0 at 5000 at 2.00 ; .50UO at If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price List of Sections, Foundation, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc,, Sent on Application. 2-97-8t A\ARSHPIE1-D A\FG CO., n^^r^bfielcl, Wis. Please mention the Review- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 55 WRITE U5 Bofore onlennK your sections and wt will give you BOTTOM PRICES ou the "BOSS" ONE-PIECE SEGIONS, I T^ I Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and t>ther Supplies. Wo have everything in tip-top order, and can fill orders on short notice. Lot us hear from you for prices. d. FORNCROOK & CO., Jat. 1st, 1^94. Watertown, Wis. PATENT. WIRED, COffl EODllllTIOlI HAS NO SAG IN aROOD FRAMES. TMii. Flat Bottom Foundation HAS NO FISHBONE IN SUtlPLUS HONEY. Beiug thp cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN DEUSKN & SONS, (SOLE MANUFACTURERS), l.«3-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y Franklin House Cor Rates and Larned Rts Very central. Elev.itor siTviii' slfuni heat, electric liglits. tile floors, etc. Rat ea?l. 50 to 52 pel day. H.H James* Sons, Props, DETROIT^ MICH. I J Mr' AA LOOK MOTHERS A RARE TREAT FOR YOU ALL. /h^ r^ /- A !d J nil ^^/* Sampson Suit, with Extra Pair of Pants. foP \) i\\ a.\^*/9\J\f AND WB PAY EXPRESS CMAROES TO YOUR DOOR. IJ/U* • V/ KIMCMBER, y°" buy direct from one of the largest Wholesale Clothing Manufacturers in America. and by so doing you save three Profits. The above mentioned $2.76 Boys Sampson Suit with Extra Pants is guaranteed to be made from an imported Wool Cheviot, in Jet Black, Dark Blue, Oxford Grey and Olive Brown, in sizes from 5 to 9 years of age. They are made up as per cut below in double breasted with Sailor Collar, braided with wide surtasch Braid, lined with a fast Black Albert Twill Sateen Lining, Trimming and Work- manship throughout the best money can procure. Coat has 2 Side Pockets, a Top and Cash Pocket. Patent Waist Bands used on all Pants, also Pistol Pockets on all Pants. In Sizes from 10 to 15 years of age made up as per opposite cut. Double Breasted with extra Pants at same Price $2.76., Expressage paid your door. In remitting send either Post Office or Express Money Order or Registered Letter and for measure send age of Bey at last Birthday and if large or small for his age. ' FREE TO EVERYBODY our Illustrated Priced Catalogue in which you will find Boys Suits from 98c. up Youths Long Pants Suits from $2.00 up and Mens Su'its_from f 2 50 up. E. ROSENBURQER & CO., 204 E. 102d St, New York City tCJ 1-3 CD ero c/a CO cx> CD CD •ee o I— c 2o The Villager's and FABmH BOX OF CHOICE SEEDS Especially Adapted to EVERT HOME GAHIIEN. LIST OF SEEDS IN EACH BOX. EXTRA EART-Y BElET. This is decidedly the best extra early beet In cultivation, OI tine shape, pood size, and smooth. It Is bright red, remarkably rich, tender and sweet. Very productive and easily grown. Pkt 10c. EVERGREEN CUCUMBEK. Kew, and of greatest value. A very hardy strong grower, bearing prodigious- ly until frost. It isextraeurly. fiult very handsome, flr:n and crisp; unexcelled for pickling and slicing. 10 ROSY GEM RADISH. This HOW radish has won golden opinions everywhere. It Is absolutely the ear- liest variety In cultivation ; and Is e.xceedingly tender, crisp and delicious. A great acquisition. lO IGNOTUJ>I TOMATO. A "jiriceless paragon" In the Tomato line; the earliest, most solid and valuable large Tomato ever Introducei. It will wipe out tifty old sorts at a sweep. Way longer grow poor sorts? 10 PEERLESS WATER-MELON. The best variety for family use. Supei-lor in every respect, and cannot be surpassed In exquisite flavor. V^ry early, of medi- um size, flesh rich scarlet ; thin rind ; very sweet. 5 EARLY PROLIFIC POLE BEAN. This remark- able bean Is extremely productive, a continuous bearer the whole season; succeeds everywhere. The pods are borne in great clusters. Oooks tender and delicious. 10 EARLY PRIZE HEAD LETTUCE. It forms beau- tiful heads firm and compact. Is very rich, buttery, and of extra fine flavor. It remains crisp and tender for a long time. One of the very best ever grown. 5 MILLERS CREAM MDSK-MELON. One of the grandest, sweetest and most delicious of all musk mel- ons. Very early, hardy, and wonderfully proliflc. Every one should grow a bountiful supply. ® 10 LARGE SUGAR PARSNIP. A greatly Improved variety. The roots are long, very smooth ; flesh fine grained, tender and the flavor delicious. It is a hea\ y cropper— a good seller and money maker. 5 VEGETABLE PEACH. A new and beautiful Gar- den Treasure— a vine fruit resembling oranges In color, shape and size. Flesh snow white, r.nd make ; veiy hand- some, delicious preserves, pics, and sweet pickles. 10 MAMMOTH PUMPKIN. A grand, colossal variety astonishing everybody by its great r ize and heavy weight. It 13 a REAL "3^ ^ i. T. COOK. HYOE P4BK, N. Y^ MAR., 1897. At Flir|t, Mic^ligar\.— Or\e Dollar a Year, 58 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. flOVEnTISiNG {^ATES. All advertisementB will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times. 25 per cent ; 12 times, 85 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On «0 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. KANSAS CITY, Mo.-We quote as follows : No. white 12 to 13: fancy amber, 12 ; No. 1 amber. 11 to 12 ; fancy dark, 10 to 11 ; No 1 dark, 8 to 10; white, extracted, 5^4 to 6 ; amber, 5 to 5)^ ; dark, 4 to 4»^ ; beeswax, 22 to 25. V. C. CLEMONS CO., Feb. 24. 521 Walnut St. Kansas Citv Mo. Clubbing Iiist. 1 will send the Review with — Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) — $1.75 American Bee Journal. ... (new) ( l.O(i) 1.75 Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) ... 1.35 American Bee Keeper • ( .50) 1 .40 The Southland Queen ( 1.00) 1.75 Ohio Farmer ( 1-00) ... 1.75 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .51') 1.10 Farm Poultry (1.00) .. . 1.75 Rural New Yorker ( 1.00). ... 1.85 Frnnk Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( .3.00) . . . 8.50 The Century ( 4.00) 4.50 Michigan Farmer ( 1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer. ... (100) 1,75 American Agriculturist ( 100) 1.7o Ladies' Home Journal (1 .00) 1.75 The Independent (New York) . . ( 3.00) 3.50 Ladies' World ( 40) 1.2.5 Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15 Harper's Magazine (4.00). ... 4.10 Harper's Weekly ( 4 00) 4.20 Youths' Co-iipanion (new) ('.75( ... .2.35 Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.00) 3 50 Cosmopolitan .-..( 1.00) 1.90 It will be noticed that in order to Fecnre these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and the Youths' Companion, the subscribers to these Journals must be NEW. If it i^ any convenience, when sending in your renewal to the Review, to include your renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full price must be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rales for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb uasoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," "No. 1 dark," etc. CHICAGO, 111.— Stocks are light and demand slow. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13; No 1 white, 12 ; fancy amber. 11; No. 1 amber, 10 : fancy dark, 10; No. 1 dark. 8 ; Extracted white, 6 to 7; amber, 5 to hU>\ dark, 4 to 4*^; Beeswax, 26 to 27. 8. T. FISH & CO., Jan 23. 189 So. Water 8t , Chicago, 111. CLEVELAND, OHIO.-Stocks on hand not very heavy, and honey is selling very slowly at the following prices. Fancy white 11 to Vl%\ No. 1 white, 10 to 11 ; white, extracted, 6 to 7 ; beeswax. 22 to 25. WILLIAMS BROS., Feb. 24. 80 & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. CHICAGO. 111. — Honey meets with a very light demand and prices are weak We quote as follows : fancy white. 11 to 12 ; No. 1 white, 10 ; fancy amber, 8 to 9 ; No. 1 amber, 7 ; fancy dark. 6 to 7 ; white, extracted, 5 to 7 ; amber, 5 to 6: dark, 4 to i% ; beeswax. 25 to 26. R. A. BURNETT & CO., Feb. 04. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. BUFFALO, N. Y.— Receipts of all kinds are some lighter, and sales a little better at about same values. Please write us always be- fore shipping. We quote- as. follows : Fancy white, 9 to 10 ; No. 1 white, 8 to 9 ; fancy amber, 7 to 8; No. 1 amber, 6 to 7; fancy dark, 5 to 6; white, extracted. 4)^ to 5 ; amber, 4 ; dark, 3 ; beeswax, 24 to 28. BATTERSON & CO.. Feb. 25. 167 & 169 Scott St.. BuflFalo, N. Y. NEW YORK. N. Y.— There has been a little better demand for honey during the past few weeks, but no improvement in prices, as the season is too far advanced and plenty of stock on the market. Buckwheat extracted is now finding fair sale, if candied ; and if bee-keepers have not as yet disposed of their crop, now is the time to send it. Beeswax remains quiet and without anv chance. We quote as follows; Fancy white, 11 ; No. 1 white. 10 ; fancy amber, 9; No. 1 amber, 8 ; fancy dark, 7 ; No. 1 dark, 6 ; white, extracted. 5 to 5>^; amber, 4'/4 to 5 ; dark, %Vi to 3?a ; beeswax, 26 to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN. Feb. 25. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. WM. A. SELSER. JO VINE ST.. PHILA.. RENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and beeswax. Send samples. 3 £@ci I IS a book of nearly 100 pagfes that bcg-ins with The Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections, Supers and Sepa- rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arrang-ing- Hives and Building's and Shading- the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing- Queens and Planting- for Honey are next g-iven a chapter each. Then the Hiving- of Bees, Increase, Its Manag-ement and Control, and Contrac- tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising- of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding- Back " are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing- are discussed. Then Mig-rator}^ Bee -Keeping-, Out - Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each g-iven a chapter. After this comes the question of Wintering-, which is discussed in all its phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping-, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee- Keeping-, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Rkview one year and the book for SI. 25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. M^M®)M^\M!i^M®)'^M®)'^M®)M^M^M3\ '^ '3 '®) 60 THE BEE-KEEPERS ' REVIEW Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well knowu manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. Stratton & 8on, of New York, and tHking my pay in musical merchandise. I have now on liand a tine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius. " Red, French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price .|2.. 50 The case is wood with curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3 .50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20.00. Jt is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with tlie be^t of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell this ou fit, and w^uld acct-pr one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can here turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIF80N, Flint, Mich. Is Here Theyear Mti is here and we are happy to in- firm our friends and customers that we are bet- ter prepared than ever before to fill y^ur orders for queens and bees. We have the largest stock ever opera'ed by us. and we mean to be ready with plenty of bees and (lueens to fill all orders without delay that are sent us, Bees by the pound. $1.00; ten or more pounds. 9' cts. each. Untested queens for 1897, $1.00 each in Feb., Mar.. Apr. and May ; .f.5.00 for six, or $9.00 per doz. For larger amounts write for prices. Have your orders bookeil for your early queens. Safe arrival guaranteed Root's goods. Dadant's foundation, and Bing- ham smokeis. A steam bee- hive factory, and all kinds of bee supplies. The S>outbIzin4 Quc^o, the only bee paper in the South, monthly, Sl.uo per year. Send fof catalog, which is almost a complete book on Southern bee-keeping, giving queen rearing in full, all free for the asking. If jou want full inforniation abotit everything we have, and the bee book, don't fail to ask for our 1897 catalog. Tb« -/«nni« Atcbley Co., Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. G, M. LiONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 2-97-tf Please mention the Reuiew- v^ ^ot^/v A/£0£L atsoAf. ffia// M/LL.ffe. The A. 1. Root Cu's goods for sale. ^lease mention the Reuiew. HDake Your O^A^n Hives. 3ee ^^ Keepeps Will save money by using- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JHO. BARNES CO., 381 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. ^r ."HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 61 Supplies Cheap. Mr. L B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, liasacccuted a permanent position in Arizona, an(i wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. Ho wrote to me about it. and I told liim if he would have them shinped to mo I would sell them for him on conindssiou. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are oflFerod. 1 Fdn. .Mill ( 6 in Felham i Tank and dip- pine boards ... 6.00 4 M. Sectione ( G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Standard 4.(K» 1 Coil Wire 60 1 Kxpansion Bit 1.00 61 .Sect 'On Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 100 Brood Cases ( New He.idon ) at . . . — 2f> 6s ("overs at 1.5 n3 Bit torn Boards at 10 .V! Honey Roarde, Queen excludiug at 15 2 Kseape Boards at . .25 30 Escapes at 15 7".'0 New Heddon combs at _ 05 50 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at 25 .\11 of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well made antl nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. .Any one wishinc to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. \V Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint. Mich. BEESWAX EnRUTORS! The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from olil combs rapidly by ste.im . Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- loKue to C. G. FERRIS, 4-51C tf South Columbia. N. Y. MINNESOTA ST. PAUL AND MANKATO. 5 1 am conceited enough to think my many ! i friends in the Noithwest will bo glad to i 5 know that in addition to Italian queens and » 5 beos, I now have a very large and complete t S stock of bee-keepers" supplies. Mycat'dogue J t for a postal. 5 per cent discount in Febru- ^ 5 ary. .Address all letters to J i JOS. H. BOLTON, \ \ MANKATO, I 5 l-67-6t Minn. J Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succeeded in buying all the bees within 2|^ miles of my home apiary. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty years' experience in breeding and experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for business" from my own importations. Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single story, 8-frame, D. T. hive, S6.00; 5 colonies, $27. 50; 10 colonies, $50.00; one frame nucleus, $l,f"0; two frame, $1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested lie^m. 2.00. Select tested queen, $3 00. After May 1st. one tested queen, |l 50; 3 for $4.00; 6 for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their being reared, one for $1 00 ; 3 for $2. 25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 1 2 for $6.75. ;-95 12 JOHN A\. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. — If you are going to — BUY A BtlZZ-SAVS^, write to the editor of the Keview. He lias a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which ho would sell it. F^EHE^AL. OFFeiF^S Prompt renewals are very desirable, and for that reaacm I make the following offers. For $1.25 I will send the Review for lf'97, and the book, " Advanced Bee Calture ; " or, in place of the bo(.k. 12 back No8. of the Review. For $1.75 I will send the Review and a fine, tested. Italian (lueen quoen to bo sent early in the season of 1897. For $2.75, the Review and 1,0<0 No. 1, first class, one- piece sections. Also see the clubbing rates on page .58 and tlie clubbing offer with books as given on page 82. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint. Mkh /\ \ \ \ \ \ \:w:,:S^J^^^:;^^:^M'^^^^^^^^'^^^^^^'^^^'^^^^^ I I I I 62 THE BEh-KEEPERS' REVlJLW. ; i 5 t ; J? n e 5 i i K i IT » 5 ? '^^^ tool's cooos. '^^"^ Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's Our 1897 hives, with improved Danzy cover audimproved Hoffman frames, are simply " out of sight. " Acknowledged by all who have seen them to be a great improvement over any hive on the market, of last year. NEW PROCESS FOOWfiftON. Cheaper and better than ever; clear as crystal, for you can read \our name through it. Process and machinery patented DfC. S, 18%, and other patents pendi' g. Sam- ples of the new foundation free. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Main office and and factory, Medina, Ohio. Brance ofRces at I 18 /^icb. St.: Cbiczigo, Ills. St. Paul, V^ipn- 5yr&cu5e, /y. Y. 10 Vine St. Pbila., P».. A\ech)2knic FAII5, r\^. I 5 m M ; 5 E HAVE IT. ^^f^ ,r- supplies. Queens in season. Full colonies of Italian bees cheap; also a few colonies of Carniolans that will be sold this spring for what they will bring. Before ordering elsewhere, see our prices on hives, sections, comb foundation, etc. l-97-12t Wm. H. BRIGHT, Mazeppa, Minn. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by ('. W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Hive and Honef Well Hi£liest Honors at tlie Fairs, aiifl Fays as Preiuiuuis to Fiirchasers of hO hives, f 50 for the best 1()0 "Danz." sect ■' 25 " 25 .50 " 20 " 20 ' 40 " 10 " 10 20 " 5 *' 5 10 FRANCIS DANZENBAKER, Care of The X. I. ROOT CO., Medina Ohio. 160-Pa^e \ Bse-book Sent Free With American Bee Journal. mi {«««««»'«««,<^^»«'»»«*»»«*« «ji»»»» ■•)■*»*»»»« ^i^*****'*'*'*""^**** if" »"jr<*»^^"»^^*«««« ! Every new subscriber sending Sl.OO for the weekly American Bee Jour- i nal for 1897 will receive a copy of Newman's 160-page "Bees and hon- J f\v " free. The old American Bee .Journal ia groat this year. You ought V to have it, even if you do take the Review. Sample of Bee Journal 1 free. Write for it * \ GEORGE W. YORK & GO. 118 MICHIGAN Street., CHICAGO lllifiois. Please mention the Review. A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to ti^e Interests of HoqeLj Producers. $1.00 A YEAR. w. z, HDTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL. X. FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAR. 10, 1897. NO. 3. AVork at IVTicliig-aia's ExperiiTieiital -A^piarv. B. L. TAYLOB, APIABIST. THE ASPINWALIi NUN SWAEMING HIVE. T HAVE now I used two of these hives in ray apiary for the past two seasons, and yet the re- sults so far as determining the true vilue of its non-swa r m ing quality is con- cerned, are thus far negative. While other non-swarming devices that I have subjected to practical use have proved rather provocative of swarming than other- wise, this one has, at least, not failed to that extent, for, as yet, no swarm has issued from it. Whether this result is to be as- cribed to the virtue of the device itself, or to other circumstances, requires further use under other conditions for full determina- tion. The hive is a marvel of ingenuity through- out. The frames are of the Ij. size, with closed ends, and, are held compactly to- gether by a screw which works against a movable side. By the use of blocks to rein- force this movable side the size of the brood chamber is made elastic to a considerable extent. The provision made for ventilation is unique, and very effective, which no doubt renders material assistance to the main de- vise for preventing swarming. The hive itself is a frame rather that a box, and has the bottom and only one end and one side tixed, the other side being movable as al- ready explained, and the closed ends of the frames supplying the other end. The cov- er is a cap or box open underneath only, of sufficient dimensions to inclose two ordin- ary section cases when adjusted to tlie hive. I make no attempt to de.-cribe. nor even to mention, the many fine points of the hive, but, on the whole, it is altogether unique, and being uniciue it would be unique if it were not liable to criticism from some standpoints. In my estimation as now made it is too heavy, but I speak with ref- erence to my own methods. I cannot toler- ate a hive which a single able-bodied individ- ual cannot pick up and carry to the cellar or to any part of the apiary without much dis- comfort, even when it is abundantly sup- plied with winter stores. This hive is not constructed with a view to portability. To one whose methods do not require this qual- ity, thi-, of itself, would be no great ob- jection, but there arc other features of the hive which can scarcely fail to prove them- selves inconvenient to every one who makes use of it. Under this head comes first, its bulk, which is twice, not to say three times, as great as that of an ordinary single wall- 64 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REV in. W. ed hive. Therein plenty of room, of course, for this bulk iu most apiaries, but when transportation by wagons or cars becomes necessary, one half or two thirds of the apace it requires will be greatly begrudged. After that, but first in importance, is the item of cost of construction. It will be said that the cost is not great and this in a certain sense is no doubt true, for one mak- ing large numbers with special machinery adapted to the purpose, and buying mate- rial at wholesale rates, could turn them out surprisingly cheaply, but when he came to sell them each one helps pay for his special machinery and his special market advan- tages, so I 3:^y that, ia a comparative sense, they are costly. I think my estimate is quite within bounds that the bolts, screws, castings and other metal of this hive would equal an entire plain L. hive in cost: that the lumber would cost twice as much, and the labor of making more than twice as much, so that the cost would be at least one hundred and fifty percent in excess of the L. hive, or two and one half times as much, and all this without considering the device for prevention of swarming which is the chief and important distinguishing feature of the hive. These present times of low prices, short crops, slow sales and small pro- fits speak too eloquently in the ears of the producer, of the necessity for curtailing ex- penses to the last possible mill, to require dissertation hereon the virtue or necessity of economy. Then comes the nicety of the work required in reproduci g some of the fine points of the hive, as for instance, the somewhat eccentric character of the ends of the brood frames, without any compensating advantage. As a rule, bee- keepers cannot afford to purchase hives, they must make them, hence the necessity of simplicity of construction. Fortunately, none of the points to which exception is taken, are, in my view, neces- sary to the employment of the crowning device of the invention with any dimminish- ed effectiveness. By this device, viz., that for the prevention of swarming,- a large per centage is added to the roominess of the brood chamber, without increasing the space which can be occupied by comb. This is accomplished, roughly sjjeakine, by alternating, at the approach of the swarm- ing season, the combs of the brood chamber with frames of wooden comb, which has no septum, and in which, conseque tly, noth- ing can be stored. This comb appears as if it had been made in this way : sections one half inch in thickness taken from the end of a basswood plank, which has first been perforated lengthwise with a set of one-fiftli inch bits set as closely together as could safely be done without endangering the stability of the walls between the perfora- tions, are treated with some substance to make them proof against the bees and the weather and then fitted into appropriate frames. It will at once be seen that this arrangement must give the bees the feeling that they have an abundance of room, since, if the ordinary combs are filled with brood and honey, in addition to the cells of the wooden combs which must remain continu- ally empty, and which yet probably give the bees the impression that thev are to be fill- ed, the vacant space in the brood chamber is nearly or quite doubled. It is claimed that this not only prevents swarming but contrary to what might be expected, there is a decidely less inclination to store honey in the brood combs and consequently much more is secured in the supers. As already said, in the two season's use, I have had no swarms from these hives but, during the first season, swarms from ordin- ary hives were exceedingly few, and during the last season one of the colonies had a queen of the current year's production and the other was not strong enough, owing to the scant flow of nectar, to secure any sur- plus. In consideration of these circum- stances the coming season is looked to for more satisfactory results. Lapeeb, Mich. March, 18, 18i)7. How to get Drawn Combs Bight in the Sec- tions and Secure Comb-Honey at the Same Time. ISAAC LUNDY. /S'OMB honey-producers have long been vj looking for some means of inducing the bees to take possesion of the the sections at once, as soon as put on at the beginning of the honey flow. Of course, it has long been the fashion to use " bait sections " of partly drawn comb to entice the bees above. Many- are the times the apiarist has anxiously looked in the supers, fitted as above, and found the bees working only on the " bait sections. " Now, if we could only supply IHE BEE-KKKPERS' REVIEW. 65 drdwn comb for every section in tlie first super put ou, we would have a much of an inch of the sides aud bottom. "Bottom starters too, " did you say V No, I find no use for any. There being plenty of bees at this time of year, and, with the above con- ditions, and foundation in every section, work will have to be begun upon it at once, and it will be attached to the bottom as well as the sides. I find no trouble from the bees biting the foundation partly away, as they do in the fore part of the honey flow when giving foundation only. In about one or two days the supers will have been sn^- ^WeA ■^iih beautiful, even, well - filled, sec- tionB of dratvn combs; a few having some honey stored therein, at which time they are ready to come oft', aud be placed upon a bee escape board, over the top super, and another super (filled with foundation ) add- ed in its place: and this again taken ofl'as soon as ready, and soon to the end of the flow. Remember, the first super placed upon these selected colonies should contain draivn combs and should remain there for the bees to store their surplus honey iu. Thus securing comb honey at the same time that drawn combs are being produced. I have had better results in getting the foundation drawn out properly, by exchang- ing the first, or top su[>er when tlie sections get nearly full, for one only partly full of honey, rather than allow more than two supers for the bees to work in at one time. I try and select enough cokniesto draw out the foundation in one super for each colony that I wish to run for comb honey iu the fall flow, and enough more to supply one, at least, to each colony at the next seasou's white honey flow. And that re- minds me of an article on drawn combs by friend Baldridge in .January Review page !> where he says; " We prefer freshly drawn combs to those drawn out in Autumn." I would too if secured at no greater expense of houey, or tirnf"; but with me such has not been the case. Comls drawn out in Au- umn, aud at o ce perfectly cleaned of hon- ey by the bees, and properly taken care of will be readily excepted by the bees the en- suing year, and, besides, we must remember that Autumn-drawn combs will be built of Autumn honey, honey which has a slower 66 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW sale at a much less price than white honey. Most producers will also have more leisure at this time of year as the rush of the sea- son will be over. I think a greater advantage will be, in having supers of drawn combs, to place at once upon all colonies that are ready at the begining of the white honey flow the ensuing year; instead of having to wait un- til such time as the bees could then do the work. In the December Review, friend Bal- dridge in speaking about drawn combs, has this to say. " These combs were simply drawn out on foundation in full sized sheets, and then cut to proper size and transferred to the section. The sheets were of the same size as those used for brood frames, and this, in my opinion, is the only practical way to secure such combs to advantage, and properly drawn out for comb honey. " Friend Baldridge may be right in his " opinion. " I have never been able to get myself to like the plan " a little bit, " and I have tried it to some extent. Have now abandoned it altogether. The plan causes too much extra work, as compared with having the combs drawn out on foun- dation right in the sections; with only one in- dividual handling of the foundation or sec- tions until filled with honey. I find the bees will occupy the supers, and draw out the foundation in sections by my method as giv- en above, just as promptly as on full sized sheets, and save the very careful work (which only an expert can properly do ) necessary to cut up the full sheets of comb and fit them into the sections. In conclusion, I want to say right here, I perfectly agree wiih friend Baldridge where he says, " A few colonies in the right con- dition, and with the proper manipulation, will supply a large apiary with all the drawn combs for surplus honey that the bees can seal properly. " WiLSONViLLE, Ont. Mar. 8, 1897. Accompaningthe foregoing was a private letter from which I make the following extract:— Friend Hutchinson — I have just been reading the Feb. Review ( a very interesting issue, by the way ) brought from the office this afternoon. After reading Bro. Heddou's article, and your comments on the same, 1 have decid- ed to send you an article which I prepared some time ago; but, as it is new work writ- ing for publication, I thought it might not be of any value, hence delayed sending it. I have been practicing for years the very plan you refer to in your comments where you say "the place in which foundation will eventually be drawn out for comb hon- ey is in the sections themselves. " I have on hand now, in a dark room, up stairs, several piles of supers of drawn comb. I wish you could see how beautiful they look. They were drawn out from the buckwheat flow, also enough more which were used to supply one super of drawn combs to each of the BO colonies, just before loading on the wagon to take to a better pasturage last fall. I hope I have made every thing plain to your readers, and if you would like to have any further points I will be glad to give them Isaac Luudy. [ I shall be very glad to have friend Lundy tell us in detail exactly how he manages to get drawn combs during the white honey flow. — Ed.] The Lightest Foundation Ever Made. T. F. BINGHAM. \F course, every bee-keeper is interested in the welfare of his voca- tion, and would be ylad to know if changes are made, A V and, if made, what ^^L ^^^ want has led to ^^V V .vi^^^fe such changes. Watt found imper- perfect tools and machines for making steam cylinders, and such other parts as were needed in the de- velopement of his ideas or theories, the greatest obstacles in the evolution of his greatest of the world's inventions — the steam engine. So it has been in all inven- tions. Inventions do not come to men as dreams, in the half-waking slumber of the morning. A logical theory, command of tools, adoption of means to ends, and pa- tient, thoughtful industry are required. How often have bee-keepers found their ideas described later on, and put before the public by another. The proverbial foot- note is continually coming up like: "That puts me in mind of etc., etc. " Every man is entitled to the credit of the good he does, and should be charged with any injustice he has abetted. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 67 The above, uot particularly relevant to the subject of fouudatiou, is a point that justice is never out of place. "The Michigan convention foundation," while not strictly an invention, is practically such. That there are logical reasons for believing that such foundation will prove a great success is shown l)y the fact that enough practical and skillful bee keepers were to be found in a State convention willing to put up the money necessary to cause such a machine to be made as would test the idea. Has any other State or National convention done as much ? During the long period that foundation has been used, many changes in environ- ment have taken place. E irly in the sixties, when dealers were anxious to come into my yard and pack and ship, at their own ex- pense, comb honey, and pay spot cash at the rate of 40 to 42 cts. per ponud, by the ton, may now ha placed in striking contrast with the fact that mucli belter comb honey, put up in the finest shipping style, is com- pelled to hunt a market at Vlji cts. per pound. Foundation made its advent when all the wax that bees would or could use in making combs was regarded by the honey producer as a profitable use for their money. At that time the U. S. exported wax and imported honey. Now all is changed, the U. S. imports wax and exports honey. All other considerations, except relative profit, laid aside and the necessity of using foundation acknowledged, as is the case with all skillful bee-keepers, it is reasonable to infer that the lightest foundation that will not sag is the judicious type to use. A careful analysis of conditions has led me to infer that the sagging of foundation (which has made wired foundation and wired frames a necessity ) is uot the result of the heat ot the hive, neither the weight of the bees ujion it. What then, every one will ask, is it "r" If the sejitum of the finest piece of natural comb, after removing the honey and cells is placed in a sur- plus receptacle it will not sag. Every bee- keeper who has seen his light foundation warp, and sag, and and curl, will ask, why does the one differ from the other? Cer- tainly the foundation aei-ms an exact du- plicate of the natural. It is not neces- sary to use spectacles to observe the differ- ence, but for a moment imagine the vision of the bee, which disctrna perhaps even better than the X ray, lalmring under the flattering delusion that foundation is the real, genuine work of a true artist. It is not a wonder that she tries to improve it and that all sorts of calamities befall her well meant efforts. Does any one suppose a wren could build a chimney swallow's nest ? Yet both are made of small, short joints of twigs. Whether a thin sheet of wax could be made so nearly, the duplicate of natural comb that the edges of the hexagonal bottom would not be changed by the bees while trying to thin the hexagonal base, was the problem under consideration by the Mich- igan State B. K. convention, not as a pro- gram topic, but incidentally. As a result of the discussion, in considaration of the fact that no machine foundation had ever been tried or made of even a similar form, or based on the same theoretical principles, and that the expense would be heavy on any who should make the experiment alone, Mr, Hutchinson, the secretary, suggested that those interested pay what they saw fit, and make a machine and experiment, and re- port at the next annual convention. The money was at once subscribed, the machine has been made, and the lightest foundation ever produced has been made under the Weed process, and samples sent to all the original subscribers to the machine fund. The machine is the property of the original subscribers — and any amount desirable to make can be made. Fabwell, Mich, March, 15, 1897. The Value of Drawn Combs in a Short Honey Flow. .IAS. HAMILTON. Editor Review — Sir, the present discus- sion, of the use of drawn comb in the pro- duction of comb honey revives an old idea. With all due respect for our veteran friend Baldridge I can but think his plan of hav- ing full sheets drawn out in brood chamber, and then cut and waxed into sections, other than pure, simple and undefiled nonsense — too much puttering. Some one advised burning all unfinished sections of the pre- vious year, yet, in the face of such advice, one of our senior editors dubbed that writer a "bright young apairist, " When I had a case of such sections I did not burn them, but how to save them clean 68 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, and bright for an early start next season was my thought. I discovered if my bees were blacks, that immediatly after a fair honey flow, if a case of sections containing starters were given the bees, they would enter these sections and draw or partly draw out the foundation without putting any honey therein, and in the words of Doolittle these combs were as good as money in the bank. With me the honey flow opens about the first of June. Sometimes it will come with a thunder shower and go out with one, the wind suddenly veering around to the north, a cold wave comes up, and the " jig's up " for that summer. I have known a honey flow to last only seven days. What could we do with a seven day's honey flow, with Italian bees and starters only ? Put on one of these cases of drawn comb, clean and bright, and if the bees are strong and hybrids, even if the flow is of only sev- en day's duration, they will fill and seal the case of sections. I take this case of honey up town and my grocer gives me $4.20 credit on my bills, just as good as cash to me. But suppose I have no such drawn combs to begin the season with, and I want them, how cheaply can I have them drawn ? Seventy-five cents worth of sugar fed to a good strong colony of black bees at a time when bees can fly freely, but find little or no honey in the fields, will draw out a Heddon case of combs and they will be soft, white and tempting to your choice Italian stock when the hon- ey flow arives. Beason, Ills, Mar. 8, 1897 Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. MR. W. H. Parks, formerly of Clinton, Conn, and now in Paris, has looked up the matter of " individual portions " refer- red to in these notes, ( page 304, 1890 ), and contributes some additional items, as fol- lows: For the little flasks, when used and returned, are allowed r> centimes, or about 1 cent. They are said to be sold quite exten- sively in Paris, and, in fact, Mr. Parks has frequently observed honey-glasses in the windows of shops, labeled " De la Maison Salmon," "Salmon" being the name of tbe firm that puts up honey in this shape. Parchment is used instead of corks, as it is cheaper. M. Salmon observed that the law is so severe in France that no one dares to adulterate. Rheinische Bienenzeitung. —The Bee and Silk-worm Union of the Rhine Province has adopted a scheme of united action in selling honey. A central depot is situated at Mayen, and ten other ( apparently firms who un- dertake the work for a commission ) at dif- ferent points. An effort will be made to give the branch unions the precedence, at the depot in their region, in disposing of their honey. In these cases glasses and Jabels will be furnished at cost by the cen- tral depot, for vouchers of the quantity of honey furnished by the oSicers of the branch unions, and the members will fill the glasses themselves. All labels are signed by the President of the central union. When hon- ey is shipped from the central depot, it is in boxes of 2,5 one-pound glasses, delivered f. o. b. at the nearest station. Empty boxes and glasses, are credited to the branch de- pots, if returned. Each glass sells for 28)2'' cents. A German pound is a little more than an English pound. A commission of about 2 2-.') cents to a pound is allowed the branch depots. The honey receipts are to be sent to the central depot within 30 days. The greatest hindrance to successful work- i'jg is the fact that many bee-keepers offer their honey at wholesale to buyers for 7 and 1% cents a pound. This will have to be stopped. At present, nearly ()00,000 pounds have been announced for delivery at the central depot. L'Apicultei'k. — The question of planting the roadsides with fruit-trees at the public expeuse is being agitated in France. The German goverraent has already done so in Alsace and Lorraine. J. Driveau last spring had 20 hives in com- munication on the "federative" plan allud- ed to last year in the Review, pages 121 and 153, He exchanged the queens in the five hives at oue end with the queens in the five hives at the other end, without taking any precautions. The ten (jueens were accepted without any objections on the part of the bees. In September, during an absence of four weeks, three of the colonies became queenless. On his return he found that they had joined their neighbors, and the honey-combs they left were untouched by robbers. The federative plan, it will be remembered, consists in establishing a com- ilJL BEE-REEPERS' REVIEW. 69 tuuuicatiou betweeu the brood-chambers of any number of separate hives, 80 that they all have the same scent, with the surplus apartments in commoL. In the al)Ove in- stance, it appears that the whole apiary was thus federated. Vojiel thinks that the experiments of Dr. Miller and Mr. Greiner have not proved that beesmiy tty for forai^o at five days of nae; but that neighborinjj bees may have introduced themselves in the hives under ex- permeut. The editor does tiot agree with him, and cites Djolittle in addition. Vogel has not made the experiment himself. Dr. Dabini reports Graveuhorst as saying that a safe method of preventing after- swarms, after the Hrst swarm has been hiv- ed on the old stand, is to remove the old col- ony to a new location and divide it into two equal nuclei, with a queen-cell and separate entrance for each, by using a separate divi- sion-board. This plan has the advantage of furnishing a young queeu later to requeen the old colony with, after doing which the nucleus from which the queen was taken is reunited to its neighbor by removing the division- board, and smoking. Or the two nuclei may be wintered together. La Revue Internationale. — Marius Cro- voliu in practising migratory bee-keeping, has found it expedient to arrange the hives in the same order and number of rows in the new locality as in the old. Once when this was neglected, some hives became de- populated and others overcrowded. A translation in full of Mr. Aspinwall's article on the degeneration of bees is accom- panied by the following editorial comment: ' " We cannot doubt, after all that we have been informed on the subject by Mr. Dadant, that the common bees in America are infer- ior to those of Europe : but that does not weaken Mr. Aspinwall's theory, nor his just criticisms of certain practices in queen- rearing. .\s for admitting that Italians are less subject to foul brood, that is not possi- ble as far as Europe is concerned: this mal- ady rages in Italy as elsewhere, and we are frequently consulted on its treatment by our correspondents in that country. " He suggests that the degeneration of the Amer- ican black bee may be dne to in-breeding of the few colonies first imported. In regard to foul brood, it is worthy of notice that it has been disastrous in Colora- do, though almost all the bees here are Ital- ians. * )n the other hand, it will be remem- bered that Mr. Heddon's "My Friend" arrived at conclusions similar to Mr. As- pinwall's. Australian Bee Bulletin. — " Mr. Mun- day said there was«nothing to remove from him the belief that paralysis was caused by improper food ; if the diseased bees are shut up for a week thedisease will disappear; why try and cure bees if they can still get at the bad food which causes the disease ? He had paralysis badly at one time; a week's rain came on, after which there was no sign of it — the bees were simply kept from get- ting the improper food through being con- fined by the rain. " — From a convention report. MuENCHENEB BiENENZEiTUNG. — A bee- keeper, Kaltner by name, was building a wall about 9 o'clock in the morning. Hear- ing a buzzing in the air, he looked around, " Not far from where he was standing a queen, around which several drones were flying, alit on the wall. He approached, and was able to perceive quite distinctly the fer- tilization of the queen by a drone. The view that the fertilization of the queen only takes place high in the air is thus contra- verted. " Rather peculiar that drones should be flying so early. I. Klein disputes the assertions of Dr. Dzierzon and Von Rauschenfels that the throwing out of unsealed worker brood in the fall is due to chilling or other accident- al causes. His observations show that it is a regular occurence, as much so as the destruction of drone brood. He thinks the reason is to be found in cessation of the "Bauttrieb" or breeding impulse, which forms a part of Gerstung's theory, and not to any foresight on the part of the bees. The Bee-Keepebs' Record. — Speaking of that everlasting " English sparrow " illus- tration, we should remember that what is true of one species of imported animals need not be true of another, as this (luota- tion shows: " The humble bees have been a great success in Canterbury [New Zealand], and clover seed has been exported to Eng- land the last three or four years. It is esti- mated that the clover seed crop is worth 30,000 pounds sterling per annum to this province, and this entirely due to the suc- cessful importation of the humble [bumble] bee. " The English sparrow, by the way, was not imported by the U. S. Goyenrment, as.is generally implied, but by some of the large cities of the East, which did not take 70 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIl^vy. such precautions to prevent their spread in case they proved undesirable, as is fair to presume the Goverment would have done. As Apis Dorsata will almost certainly be imported some time by some one, and most probably without proper precautions, if by private or local means, it would seem to be the part of wisdom for those who are afraid it would tar < out like the English sparrow to see to it that such precautions are observed, by conducting the importation and test of these bees so that they may be kept under control ; for there is no argument like the failure of a fair test, and, if they really will be mischievous in the United States this procedure may be the cheapest in the end. Denveb, Col. Feb. 19, 1897. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBIilSHBD MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Editor aid ProDrletor. Teems : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 : three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more. T.T cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi iw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FUNT, MICHIGAN. MAR. 10. 1897. The Weed, deep foundation is made in a press something after the plan of the Given foundation, hydraulic pressure being used. I see that much yet is being said both for and against this production, but I have said about all that I care to say until I have seen the article in use. A Good Honey Season may be expected the year following a wet season, and a poor honey season follows a season of drouth, writes a bee-keeper to Gleanings. He signs his name as " Woodchopper, " but says that he has kept bees M7 years and closely observ- ed upon this point. He does not believe that the condition of the atmosphere at the time of blooming has much to do with the matter — has had an excellent yield when the cold wind killed the clover and most of the flying bees in one week. Apis Dobsata and the desirability of its importatien into this country receives care- ful consideration at the hands of Dr. Miller in the last issue of of Gleanings. He calls attention to the fact that it has n^ver been domesticated in its native land, and until that has been done it is folly to bring it hear. While it could probably gather hon- ey from red clover, this would only be a disadvantage if the bee cannot be domesti- cated, as it would sometimes rob our native bees of what they might otherwise gather. Italian bees often gather honey from red clover. As the length of tongue in bees differs with the different strains, it would be more reasonable to try by proper breed- ing to develope a strain of bees having an unusually long tongue. ExTBACTED HoNET that has been stored in old combs is not usually of so fine a flavor and color as that stored in new combs. This is a subject that is being discussed some at present. Old combs that have contained brood, or pollen, and that have hung up where they became filled with dust, such things as this, would, of course, cause the honey stored in them to be of poor qual- ity, in the same sense that it would not im- prove honey to put it into an unclean dish. Let a man fill the frames of his extracting supers with foundation, and keep the queen out of the supers, and at the end of the sea- son see that the combs are cleaned perfectly by the bees, and then kept over winter free from dampness and dirt, and the honey stored in them the next year will be of as fine quality as that stored in new comb. PATENT PROCESS FOUNDATION. Bro. Root of Gleanings says that he thinks that the Canadian report from which I quoted last month regarding the unfavor- able showing for the patent foundation was made in 1894 which was before Mr. Weed conceived tiie idea of making sheeted wax by his present plan. Of course, I have no desire to injure the reputation of any meritorious article, while, on the other hand, I presume that Bro. Root would wish the truth told, even if it condemned some of his products. In the beginning of the report it says: "This investigation, commenced in 1794, repeated annually " etc. ( Italics mine). Farther along it says: "An addi- tional experiment has, however, been made Xiii titLfj-ts.P.rJt^P.HS REVIEW, u this year, " aud then it goes on and gives the the tables from which the coucinsions were drawn, anil, as thouyh to make assurance doubly sure, over tiie top of the tables it says: " Experiments with various brands of foundation, ISitC. " A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. JTTl bad " out " in Jan Review makes me XI. tell vinegar makers just the wrong thing. The direction should read ; " Use fruit juice or yeast /"or //jf alcoholic fermen- tation, and H little good strong vinegar for the acetic. A painter of <'0 years' experience tells in the American Bee Journal, page :?0, how to paint theunplaned lumber of hives and bee sheds. Easy as tumbling off a house. Just good sweet skimmed milk mixed to the proper consistency with Spanish white. Don't he too generous aud use milk with the cream in it : else, I suppose, you might have butter frying out in the sun. The Spanish white needs an ounce of fresh lime to each ten pounds. Two coats are enough. Sur- face can then be left just as it is, or nicely finished with one coat of white lead. You understand that the objection to white lead on unplaned wood is that such a lot of it is required as to make the cost unendurable. What may be a still better preparation, as it is in use by the I'nited States government, is given on page 7(>. " Tak(> V6 bushel of unslacked lime, slack it witli boilini; water, coyer duriiie the procesh to keep thi' steam in ; strain tlirough a fine strainer, ami add one peck of salt dissolved in warm wator; throe p "umls of erouii'i rice boiled to a thin pastp. and stirrefi in while hot; ^ pound of Spanish whitinjr, and onf> prmnd of clean glue previously dissolved. Add five gallons of hot wntor to till- mixtupp ; stir well, and let it stand a fpw days well covpred. It should be applied hot. A oint will cover a square yard, if proper- ly applied to wood, stone or brick. '' Samuel Simmins, a leading writer of Eng- land, has space in Gleanings 779 ( 18!m; ) in defense of his rather queer, and apparently too fussy way of getting ready for the crop of section honey. People in this country are predisposed to pitch into it. And what's a man worth, any way, who won't tight a good tight in defense of his own pet plans ? He is right that newly built comb is better than that kept over; right that comb build- ing is not necessarily expensive of honey ; probably right that a large sheet of founda- tion laid over several nicely halved sections will be a better set of combs than if squares of foundation were inserted in each section; probably right that bees can easily be made to work above when things are not full be- low— all that, and maybe more— but wheth- er splitting every thing in two in the middle lengthwise ( bee man's slumbers included ) whether it altogether pays, there's the rub ; and whether anybody can feed honey to make bees work during a floral dearth with- out enormous loss, nobody seems to know how or why, there's another another rub. Put only half your cash into the scheme until somebody in this country has made a success and some money at it. But if the contrary little critters only ivould accept our superior wisdom, and build a supply of comb all nice before the rush comes on, how nice it would be I F. Greiner discovers that the Root ship- ping crate is too long to go crosswise in a wagon box. and wastes wagon space shock- ingly when put iu lengthwise. This pro- vokes the wagoner to chuck it in some other side up than it ought to be, to the ruin of the honey. Gleanings 7S2. Perhaps some- thing should be done about it, but apparent- ly the crate Mr. G. illustrates is too tall, and would too often topple over on the cars. Dolittlesays a laying queen is able to get through just as narrow a perforation as a virgin queen — does not usually try as hard — but when frightened, or very angry, she will try, and succeed. Gleanings 08(5. Ah, yes I we know it now. The honey jumble is built on the model of that ances- tral doughnut which has a round hole in the middle, only you bake'em instead of fry'em. Thanks. First mix the honey, molasses and lard, and put in the salt. Next dissolve the soda in the water, and stir it thoroughly into the previous mass. Add next the va- nilla— all in now but the flour. Next stir in part of the flour: then betake yourself to the rolling pin, and roll in the rest of it. Cut them out half an inch thick. Never mind if it is a little dauby. You can '"wras- tle" them into a well buttered pan somehow. Touch the button ( of a medium oven ) and the oven does the rest. Thanks awfully, Dr. Miller I Gleanings lit. In A. B. J. n."» our editor W. Z. " goes in " on the fertilization of queens. Would like no better job than raising virgins at 10 cents 72 TBF BEE-KEEPERS' REVi£jW. each. The rest of the cost is not all in fer- tilizing, however: but holding the finished queen till a purchaser heaves in sight cuts some figure. For quarters he likes a tene- ment with eight little subdivisions in it. with a nucleus of bees in each, and on three sections instead of frames. Each apart- ment is to have its own cover, and a hive cover goes over the whole. Of course start- ing the thing to going is a matter of first class importance. He hangs a caged lay- ing queen in each compartment, and then sets the outfit, minus bottom board, over a powerful colony of queenless bees. These will eagerly cro.vd in on account of the queens. Just at night carry the tenement where it is to stand, and put things in order for business. E xcept for short periods, when a young queen is ready for her flight, per- forated zinc is kept at the entrances to nul- lify swarming out, and prevent " going a visiting. " Dr. Miller had a fine crop of honey this year ; and he took it into his head to both weigh and count the sections to the number of over nine thousand. They are 4^4 x 4I4 x I'g, and used with separators. The average weight was a trifle over fifteen ounces — a showing hardly likely to be made except during a copious honey flow. But they va- ried sadly. Some were over 17 ounces, some less than 18. The exact pound section, alas! is still beyond us. And as the over- weight ones are very hard to sell, except at a loss, we cannot bear down very hard on the boys for scrimping down the size. Gleanings 811. Gleanings on page 817 reproduces photo- graphs of wagon racks made to carry a whole apiary at once. Quite a startling in- novation. Certainly offers strong points of advantage for migratory folks. The biggest one shows six horses hitched on; and not every bee man has six horses — or can com- mand the attendence of a wagon fit to carry five tons on a rough road — but these dilfi- culties can in many cases be overcome. It's the Californian, W. H. Mendleson that carries sail in such a style as this. The floor space of his biggest rack is 7 feet by 19}2. If your hives are not more than KI inches wide over all, five of them will go in side by side. And if the length of all is 23 inches, or less, ten ranks will go in, making an even fifty on the bottom. If the upper stories are off, three tiers can be carried, or liJO hives. With the upper stories on, two tiers, amounting to 100 colonies is a load. Makes a man feel like a Czar to see an apiary of 100 colonies, all rigged for extracting start off " en bloc " for honey Canaan when he sings out " gee up there. " Dr. Miller in Gleanings 818 contributes some valuable facts concerning the snper- sedure of queens. Six colonies starting the season with very old queens averaged very poor work in the supers. Twenty-four col- onies with queens of the previous year aver- aged distinctly better than those with queens any older. In a season which is very poor throughout — e. g. 1864 — very few queens are superseded, apparently because there is very little rapid laying, and queens do not wear out much. Per contra, in the early fall after a lively spason's work the greater share of superseding will occur. As to whether the bee-keeper or the bees can best be trusted to decide when superseding ought to occur. Dr. Miller proposes a compromise. Let the bees boss it. except in one definite line of cases. See to it that every colony which has made a poor score at honey storing goes into the winter with a young queen. He has a case of two queens in one hive which are not' mother and daughter — carelessly put in at different times when making up a nucleus. One has been badly plucked of feathers, and has but remnants of wings : the other carries no visible marks of violence. At last report they had been 3!) days to- gether. A. F. Brown in A. B. J. 20 makes a thorough exposition of the honey resources of the numerous kinds of lands in Florida. I had been getting rather obstinate in the opinion that "orange honey," so called, was always bogus — often indeed represent- ing the ignorance of a well-meaning bee man; but usually a taking term to move off honey that never would be able to travel far on its merit alone. Friend Brown kind 'o makes me feel shaky in my shoes. So able a man would hardly report 10,000 lbs. of pure orange honey in one season in " pure " ignorance of where the honey came from. And when he says that his scale record of the orange flow has been from 7 to 14 pounds a day, and continued from 10 to 14 days, I e'enymost have to believe him. Nevertheless tell your city cousin not to buy orange hon- ey unless the taste is good. Mrs. Harrison thinks that if you live near a big city, and report a poor crop in the journals, shippers on the watch will pile a 1 rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 73 heavy shipment upon your market to pay you for your lack of wit. (rleanings 820. Worth tliinking of. A wrinkle not in universal use is to have your uncapping box and drainer quite long, and sized just so as to hauf,' in a frame. You nncap and ha g in frames until there is room for no more, and then turn to and run them all out at once — saving the large amount of time usually lost by a multitude of changes from one kind of work to another. Gleanings 8")7. The man who reported honey <>0 cents a pound in Johannesburg, South Africa, is Borry that he did. Price has fallen nearly one-half, and likely to go lower. Gleanings 12. T. S. Ford, in Gleanings 13, vouches for a case where a bumble bee tried to get hon- ey from a painted flower ( in doors. ) Doubtless the story of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba's flowers is a hum, as he says, and the Sunday School folks who be- lieve it, easy dupes: but I fear that Mr. Ford has somehow or other suff'ered himself to be also. Would not his big, bumbling majesty, blundering in the stable window, and alight- ing in sudden fright and confusion on the milking stool, have behaved just the same ? One would not think that a queen cell ready for the egg had just the entrance diameter of a worker cell, neither less nor more, as related by comrade Aspinwall, but I guess its so. A. B. J. 77S, and a straw in Gleanings 1."), call attention to slight poi-^onous properties of propolis. I have noticed that the skin of my hands did not feel right after being in propolis dust a good deal; but I supposed powdered rosin or any similar dust would the same effects. Probably I was wrong in that. The fear that Apis Dorsata may prove auotlier Euglish sparrow is answered by Prof. Cook. A. B. J. 78'.t, with the compre- hensive declaration that no honey-storing bees are ever mischievous. Of course he would abate that as to an occasional sting, and a little untimely /."sil at the candy stands, and raisin-drying boxes, and sorg- hum mills. In the American Bee Journal the genial Dr. Peiro. after a long absense, has recent- ly reaiJpeared. (ilad to see him. Comrade A. F. Brown of Florida tinds his yields of comb honey 7(( or 80 percent of the extracting figures. His method of getting rid of foul brood is effective, to say the least — burnt everything, and left the location. We hope he may not fare as did the historic eel, who left his location in the spider for a hotter one below. A. B. J. 802. Mr. Lyman ( A. B. J. 837 ) makes a good point that those who buy candied honey do not find fault with it afterwards; but those who buy liquid honey just before it candies very naturally complain. Very gcod, as far as concerns the one man who Willingly buys candied honey — but, alas, the nine, or ninety and nine, who won't touch it with a pole ! Mr. Chapman says the consumers of France, Switzerland and Germany are educated to the point of buyi g candied honey. Dr. Miller says Mr. Muth has had some success in educating folks around Cincinnati. Some of us however are very faint hearted as to our powers as educators in that sort of school. Perhaps the best we can do is to promise to exchange all honey that candies. My way is to sell in small pails direct to consumers, and be sure the honey is re- cently heated up before going out. In this way it is usually e ten up before granula- tion occurs. Frie'id Green says he has known honey to granulate when the average temperature was not below 80°. Dr. Miller thinks heat- ing up honey before selling too risky. A. B.J. 838. Glad he isn't "boss "of me. It seems from what is related by C. Theil- man A. B. J. 4 ( 1897 ) that quite a tribe of Chicago commission men have got away beyond the simple dishonesty of taking con- signments of honey and giving nothing in return — prepared to use violence, and clap the owner into jail on trump' d up charges, if he makes himself too plenty — also pre- pared to seize on a pile of honey laid down in reach, and put it out of sight forever while the owner is merely talking with one of the gang about consigning it. From what appears on 37, A. B.J. it looks as though these rats now want five dollars of each of you, in consideration of which they will undertake to catch your rats for you — for ten percent of the cheese recovered. Don't bite at these five dollar memberships until better informed. At present the battle of the rival frames goes about thus. The 22 senators of the A. B. J. arc 3 for the little low frames, 2 for the "whaling" great big frames, 2 for odd- sized frames of medium character, and about 1.") for the Langstroth. 74 THE BEE-KEEPERS One way to make bees begin promptly in the sections is to wait till you are sure the flow has begun, and then scratch with a fork all the sealed honey that intervenes between brood and sections. When all is closed up drum the hive well. Highly recommended by comrade Baldridge. A. B. J. 35. Mr. Baldridge tiers up his supers of fin- ished honey in the sun, with shaded wire screen on top to let out the hot air and moisture. This is to ripen the honey— after the bees are " Portered " out of it— and he likes the plan. A. B. J. 21. RiCHAEDS, Ohio. Feb. 25, 1897. Comb Foundation and Drawn Combs— Do Con- sumers Like "Fishbone 1" In Gleanings for March 1st, is an article on the above subject, written by F. Greiner of Naples N. Y. Here is the article. "The value of comb in producing honey, both extracted and in the comb, has long been well understood; and it seems all ought to agree pretty well on the subject, at least now, after all that has been said of late. I am not going to offer any evidence to prove how much more honey may be produced by the use of ready comb, as it is generally conceded the gain will more than pay the cost; but I may offer some suggestions as to how to secure the comb. The producer of extracted honey, of course, has no trouble in obtaining all the comb he may need in a short time; and, once in pos- sesion, he is well fixed. It is far different with the comb- honey producer; his combs are sold with the honey, and a new supply must be looked for every year. Fortunately we are not situated as our German honey- producers. After setting forth the advan- tages of our little pound sections to them, Vogel the German, made the following reply to me: ' Our honey Reasons are not to be compared with yours in America. Of this I am sure. It would take us one year to have the comb built in such secHons : another year to have them filled and finish- ed.' When the "se of comb foundatinn was suggested, Vogel again replied: 'To secure comb honey, which will attract and satisfy our buyers the comb will necessarily have to be built from the very start by the bees; comb foundation is not wanted. ' I myself have not yet learned ' to chew ' even chewing gum; and I still object to the fishbone found in comb honey V)uilt on foundation; but with our American custo- mers of comb honey it seems to be different. Evidently they chew and like it. and the fishbone meets with their approval. It may be said here, that a good grade of comb foundation could not be detected in the finished product; but of this I am not so sure — at least, I have so far been seeking in vain for such undetectable comb foundation. At the last convention of our ( )ntario, N. Y., bee-keepers, the question of foundation in comb honey came ui), and, to my great surprise, not one of the ( )utario Co. comb honey producers present had ever used or gott'-'n hold of that ' good grade ' of comb foundation. One friend from an adjoining country, I will call him B. as I wish to re- fer to him again later on, said that he was pretty sure no such undetectable good grade of comb foundation was offered for sale, but he had made and used such himself, and he also offered samples, which I shall test the coming season. Be that as it may, the majority of our bee-keepers had found that it paid them well to use comb foundation such as they could obtain and since the hon- ey-consumers do not object to its use, if they don't object I may offer suggestions as to ' how to have the foundation drawn out previous to the honey season. ' I must, however, first cite another saying of our friend B, above mentioned — a saying which suggested to me the idea I wish to bring out. He said: 'Buckwheat honey is and has been a curse to bee-keepers. ' Why ? ' The inferior article has lowered the price of honey more than an ythi g else. ' Now. this may be true; and while I am pondering over it the thought strikes me. ' Why not use the buckwheat honey-flow for the purpose of drawing out section foun- dation, to have ready for the next season, thus not only relievine the market of at least a part of the inferior product, but also making our chances for a crop of fine grade of honey the next year all the better ? Now, thi'5 is not mere conjecture. I have had quite a little foundation drawn out in this way, although not exactly for use in sections. The plan will work well, I am quite sure. It would be well to have the supers, in which comb-building is to go on protected dur- ing thi=! lime, as the nights are often (juite cold. It will also be found a cood plan not to allow too much room, so the foundation may be drawn out evenh/ all aver the frame. Excei)t when the brood-nest is greatly con- tracted, siv half-story frames may V>e quite enough. The frames may be removed as fast as the foundation is suflicientlv drawn out, and replaced by others. Should any houey have been deposited in the combs, this could e-isily he removed with the extractor, or. better, by a careful exr>os- ure in thf< bee-yard. One colony worked in this fashion niitrht easily furnish enough comb to fill a dozen section supers or more, derondiritr altosrether on the honey- flow; and, further, we might continue the pro- cedure by feeding, or, whore no buckwheat is arown. feedintJ might be substituted. A bec-keepintr friend, located within a few miles of nie. follows a similar plan to obtain comb. He sets anart his ^^est ooniti-hnild- ius colonies for the purpose, and during the time just previous to his expected honey- i^iS'j BKa^Kf^KlERS' REVIEW. 75 How he feeiJs and thus ijets hi* fonndation drawn iu half-depth frames. Wheu drawn, the Cuuib is out out and titted iuto the sec- tions in sucli a niauner as (o leave a small passatie-hole iu each of the four coruers of each section, etc. I hope some of the readers of (ileaninfjs will test these plans the coining season, and re(>ort their success. Of course, wheu the perfect comb becomes a fact, conil) made by machinery, so light that it can not be detected iu the houey afterwards, aud also sold reasonably cheap, then we need not trouble ourselves auy more to olitain it by feeding or other- wise. All will depend on what will be the cheapest way to attain the same or the best result. " The editor of Gleauiugs comments as follows: — [ I had not thought of it before, but I do believe that American consumers, so far from disliking the so-called fish-bone, as as a resultant from the use of foundation in sections, actually do like it. It gives them something to chew. The fact of the mat- ter is I suppose, the average consumer does not know how honey in natural comlis does taste. If he ate the honey of his fathers, he has forgotten how it chewed: and as prac- tically all comb honey of to-day on the market is built from foundation, the con- sumers do not know that there is any differ- ence between comb honey from foundation and that which was made without. But thisis true: The fishbone is just so much waste and somebody has to pay for it. We have made foundation with no side walls whatever — jnst the mere rectangular bases united together, and we have also mwde fonndation with very little ^:ide wall. While it is perfectly practical to make both of these articles, they have given dissatisfac- tion to bee-keepers, owing to the fact that they would sag or stretch In the hive: we are, therefore, in the new pro'uct — that is, the new deep-cell-wall foundation — to make an article that will not satr — the ability to resist stretching being due to the deep cells rather than to heavy side walls or thick bases. — En. ] I do think that it is a good thing to utilize the buckwheat flow, or any other flow of honey that is of a low quality, for getting combs drawn out to be used during the white honey harvest, but I must protest against the idea advanced that consumers prefer i\\e honey with a heavy "fishbone, " because it gives them something to "chew on. " If honey were eaten alone the " fish- bone "would not be so very objectionable, as the " gob " of wax could be easily spit oat after the sweetnes- had been chew- ed out, but when eatint: lioney with other food, as biscuit, for instance, these chunks of leathery wax become mixed in with the food, and it is very diflicult, and far from an edifijiiKj operation, to extract them from the food. There is no use of talking, no one wants " fishbone " in houey, and I am sorry to see a disposition to try and induce bee- keepers to ^/ux A- that it is all right— that it is desirable. If bee-keepers can be led to believe that " fishbone " is a good thing in honey, it will be one step iu making them believe that the new artificial comb, even if it should prove to be oW "fishbone," is a good thing. I am sorry to say it, but it seems to me, boys, that you are leading in the wrong direction. The Difference Between Comb and Beeswax. In the Canadian Bee Journal for March, Bro. HA)lterman has the following to say on this subject. " Last month just at the moment of going to press, I received news which I felt justi- fied me in announcina that comb was being made with deep cells. It was not produced in a way to make it at all sure that an article of so great a value could ever be sold at a price to be of practical value to bee-keepers, I did not think anyone would doubt its utility. Comb foundation has been a study with me for years. I believe I was the first one to publicly and extensively experiment with comb foundation, and the work was undertaken wheu I was head of the apiarian committee of the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union. Let us look at tiie cause of fish boae in houey. Comb founda- tion as made at the present time, may have aud generally has too much wax in the base and always has a great deal more than it naturally has iu the side wall. Why is this ? Because we have not had the appliances by means of which we could put it in depth of w>a// aud a certain strength was required in the sheet, and to get it we had to put it in the base, or a little better, the thickness of tlie side wall. Next let us examine the way iu which the bees ntiliz:^ the foundation. I have seen the base untouched and again thinned to the weight of the natural. I have seen the side wall utilized to a greater or less extent, but I have yet to see the first sample in which the wax iu the side wall and close to the base is touched. There appears to be something there which the bees cannot ma- nipulate. When some have artrued that they want plenty of wax in section foundation, I have taken this trrouud and I think tests and reasons will bear me out. Picture to yourself, or next summer examine comb foundation when the bees are working it out. aud they have a flattened surface upon which to rest wheu working out the comb foundation. You will see that not many bees can work at the foundation, their bod- ies cover a very large portion of comb com- pared with the amount of comb their mau- dables can at the same time grasp and work out. If the houey flow is light, or the swarm weak, there is no hurry aud the bees % TBE BEE-KEEPERS ..^ can take their time, and thinning out is done fairly well with the exception of the base of the side wall. Bat when there is a rush, a strong swarm and a heavy honey flow, the bees storing crowd the comb builders and instead of the gatherers re- maining idle, the comb builders build in the quickest way, they leave the base untouched, the side wall largely untouched, and they add wax of their own secretion and deepen the cell. I therefore say, and have said, we must provide for the most unfavorable con- ditions for thinning out base and side wall, as when foundation is put in we rarely know under what condition it will be drawn out. I know there are a few good bee-keepers who put rather heavy foundation in sections, but let them allow me to test their section honey after it is finished, and if the result is not as stated in the above, I will pay five times market value for every section I try. Fish bone as generally known, comes from orginally heavy base or side wall of founda- tion and not from texture of wax. Mr. Hutchinson in the Review says. ' Once snow is melted, it never can be restored to its state. It mRy be frozen agrtin, but it will be hard and solid, it will be ice. Of coarse, nature can evaporate the water, and form it into snow again, but man can not restore it to snow. ' This is an unfortunate instance. Brother Hutchinson, but man can melt it and with the necessary artificial appliances have it fall in beautiful flakes of snow as before. No scientist doubts this for a moment, and many others know this to be a fact. Again he professes to give us another clincher and not two years aeo I could have said nothing in reply. Hutchinson quotes Mr. Bingham and says. 'Butter is butter, butmeltpd but- ter is grease: ' let me whisper to Mr. Hutch- inson this is all wrong, there is a new and secret process by means of which poor but- ter is taken, melted, cleansed, churned again in milk, turning out a beautifully grained article, which I would defy Mr. Hutchinson to distinguish from than which has not been melted. When new and valuable discoveries are made no matter how good, we must expect opposition, even honest opposition, but these men nevertheless hinder progress. If we can get a comb with base and side wall as thin as natural, the fish bone trouble we have had in the past, will, I know, trouble us no more. This will be an advantage over the many other advantages already enumerated. Some may say how do I know? Because I have had comb honey stored in just such comb. I o- ly wish we could feel surer that such comb will be withi" the reach of bee-keepers during 1898. 1 believe as the editor of Gleanings has said, such comb will enable us to produce almost or perhaps quite as much comb as extracted honey and more comb will be used. It does seem a little strantre: a while ago Mr. Hutchinson saw something new and wonderful and the other Bee -lournals have not been able to see it. Now the other Bee Journals see the possibility of a Revolution and Mr. Hutch- inson fails to see it. " Of course, I did not know that man by artificial means could manufacture a mina- j turesnow storm, but, upon thinking it over, '\ I see that it might possibly be do"e, but, even if it can, I do not see that it destroys my illustration. Scientists with complica- ted aparatus can do many things that the ordinary mortal cannot do. We all know the light, friable character of snow, and the hard character of ice, and this illus- | trates in a certain degree, the difference be- tween comb and wax: and the fact that with great skill and the necessary appliances man may produce an artificial snow storm does not destroy the illustration. But I did not know that butter could be melted and churned over as Bro. Holterman says, but that does not destroy the illustration. Any one who has eaten or tasted butter after it has been melted, knows that there is a great change — that it has a greasy insiped taste. The fact that it can be churned over again and brought back to its orginal gran- ular character does not detract from the illustration. 1 say I know that this can be done. Perhaps I better say that I have heard it talked of at Dairymen's meetings, and that is all I know about it. Bro. Hol- terman is very sharp in picking up these technical points, but evades the main issue. He also talks about the thinness of the new artificial comb as compared with the nat- ural comb, as though it would be essentially the same if it were of the same thickness. The whole point of this matter is that the light, friable, brittle character of comb is lost when the comb is melted. There is no use in disputing this. All bee-keeper know it. In working over this wax, in drawing out foundation, bees do, to a certain extent, liven up the wax, and make it more like its orginal character. I see the " possibility of a revolution " if the product that results from the use of the artificial comb is not debased thereby, other- wise I see a step backward. I suppose that my editorial brother refers to sugar honey when he says that I could see some- thing wonderful awhile ago that the other journals could not see. I will say this much. The production of sugar honey would not have debased the ffuality of the product — whether the new artificial comb will do so or not remains to be seen. When I am satisfied that it will not, I shall then be ready to join in the ' Revolution. " THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlEVtr. SESTIONS 5JE(3TION5 4 r Our basincss is makiug section?. We are located in the basswood belt of Wisconsin, tliorefme tho material we nse cannot be better. We have made the followiug prices : Mo. I 5qow Wh'tc. Mo. I CrCEvrp. 500 SI. 25 ; .'•)00 1(100 2.50 5 1000 2000 •t.T.'i ; 2000 3000 6.75 i 3000 $1.00 . 2.00 . 3.75 . 5 25 If larfjrer qnantities are wanted, write for prices. Price List of Sections, Foundation, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc,, Sent on Application. 2-y7->t A\ARSHFIEl-D A\FG CO., A\2ir5bfieM, Wis. Please mention the Reuievu. One Cent»«* 81 Invested in a postal card and addressed as below will get my Lane Illustrated Catalope of evorythins a bee keeper needs. Get the A. I. Hoot Co's. Roods of me and save freight. Send me a list of what you want and see what I can do for yon. Beeswax l>ought or made up. M. H, HUNT, Bell Branch, Mien. ..•;••."•;.-•••..•.•••.■•:;■;•.■•.•••■■.•:.•.;•. ••••■.■•r...*. ■•.■ Ptease mention the Heuieui ^i Page & Lyon :[*_ •J # /I ^«^Q^> Jiexr liondonr Wis Nearness to pine and basswood for- ests, the possession of a saw mill and factory e(iuiped with the best of ma- / , J chinery, and years of experience, all C '5 combine to enable this firm to fur- /« nish the best goods at lowest prices. • 5 Send for circular, and see the prices 1 on a full line of supplies. %3 4 u ©4; ©^ 1-97-tf Please mention the Reuieitt. Be5t aod Cbeape5t 017 Eartb! With a Bingham smoker that wiU hold a (luart of sound maple wood the bee-keeper's trials are •r for a long time. FIFTEEN YEAHS FOR .\ DOLL.VB : ONE-H.\LF CENT FOR A MONTH. Dk.kr Sir : -rlave'usef) tlie t-onqueror 15 years. 1 was always pleased with its workings, but thinking I would need a new one this summer. I write for a circular. I do not think the f()ur-inch Smoke Kngine too large. Truly, W. H. E.\oerty, Cuba, Kansas: Jan. di, l.S9i. Dozen Each Smoke Engine [iS'^^madeJ * in^h stove. Doctor ^\4 <'on Brooding* BY E. & O. VON CULIN. This is a new book on the subject, fully up to date, and gives every thing on the subject from A to Z. ("hith - bound, gilt, f)0 ilhistrations. Price 81.00; or I will club it with the Review VV. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Hie year fur $1.7 BEE - KEEPERS' SURRLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK. 283 Wash. St.. N. Y. City. {SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue Buy Jtio Incubator 3«^'»»»»»»«»»»*»»«*'^««*»*« "««*«««*• «^ir^<«*«ii»» ftn minutes attention a t day. We won FIRST PRIZE WORLD'S 5 PAIRf and will win you for a steady cus- ; tomer if you will only V)up ours on trial. , ; Our large catalogue will cost you 5 cents and J J give you 5l(KJ worth of practical information J ; on poultry and incubators, and the money 5 i there is in tlie business Plans for Brooders, } ; Houses, etc. 25. N. B. Send lis the names of J 1 tliree per8(m!>! interested in poultry and 25 1 5 cents and we will send you " The Bicycle : J \ Its Care and Repair " a book of ISO subjects % 5 and 80 illustrations, worth $5. to any bicycle 5 t rider. \ VOrt CULIVH IfiCUCATOR C**., 1 5 10-96- 7t Box 150 Deleware City, Del. ■ ^^i^«<*«^««««i«^^<«i'«i«^ft^^^«axii'(K«^«K<«<*jr«^^ir^ j/iA HEh-KkEfERS REVIEW. 79 Finest Sections In the Market. We wisli every enbecriber of the Review to send us their names cts. each, or $8.00 pur doz. Tested. ^l.tX) ; xll.OO per doz. All of our qaeens are carefully bred from best Italian stock, and satisfaction is guaranteed on every order. J. W. K. SHAW& CO., Loreauville, La. 3'97-6t P. ease mention the Review Apiary and Home for Sale. If you want a nice liome, or a well-e(}uiped apiary, or both, in a fine and liealthful climate, with Kooil alfalfa bee pasturasre, located M miles from Denver, write us for particulars in rejrard to our home and apiary at LovelandColo. Will soil separate or all together. R.C. &E. AlKIN. Ljuj-tf. Shambaugh, Iowa. Snarly Queens From goo()•■ See That Wink ? Bee Supplies. Root's kg 'ds at Root's prices. Poudkr's HoNKY Jars Prompt ser- vice. Low frpight rates. Catalog free. WALTER S. POUDER, 162 Mass Ave., Indianapolis, Ind., tlio only exclusive bee supply house iu Indiana. Please mention the fteuiew. — If you wish the best, low-dprice — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He had an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a macldne. ff\ LISTEN! IISTEI! I have on hand about 40,000 strictly tirst - class, one - piece sections. For such sections, the leading dtaUrs are asking from ^^i.'l't to X2 ".() for a single 1,0(N), but I Hm anxious to turn the

.1VI1> fOP- pi<:ieFiKi>i>, i»»Au- TIN t'HT ZZT.EWIT, NICfSOF.AS Nit KI-EBY, nO]>FBEY AI\I» SO\, BI,E.VK iiousp:. i.rm.E ookksst, ava i>iutuai., Kitii.Nu, »*»<^i^^'^iiii^^P;^t^*:"?' JlAIi\.\BY ISUDfJK ANO lA!>» S'I' tJKKAT KXI'IMT.VTIOXS, TIIK OI.D flTItlOSITY SIBOP AMH THK l\\t/»M. MEICtlAI> rKWIOI-KJS, \ T.ir.E OF TWO flTlES, HViel> TII»IE> A1NI» THK MYSTKRY <)F i:i»\VI.\ liKOOi). Bear in mind that we oiler, not a single volume, but the entire set of ttveliv vnliiiii'S, a- aiii.v;i, by mail post-paid, for only Seventy-five t'<-nt«. JT'i? prepati all pnstane This is the grandest otler e\\ir made. Up to this time the price of a set of J)ickens' works has u-'ually been '^'."..UO or more." The use of modern improved printing, folding and stitching machinery, tli" present ex- tremely low price of white paper, and the grsiit competition in the book trade, are the tactors w icli make this wonderful offer possible. Tell all your frieuds that they can get a set of Dickens' works in twcivo volumes tor only seventy-live cents. Qrkor^icil Pr^^Knii jiti Offor* I will Rend the set of Dlokcn's Works, JjpeCiai premium Uner. ^^ ,^^^^^ described by mail postpaid, als., ti.e Review for one year, upon receipt of $1.60, which is only 60 ctB. in addition to my regular snb- scription price, so that you practically Kot a complete set of Dicken,8 woras for only 60 cte. The book offers made in the Dec, Jan. and Feb. Nos. of the Review are still open. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. FREE A copy of Successful Bee-Keeping, ^. o Z. Hntchiiison. € C and our 1897 catalog for a 2-ct. stamp, or a copy of tiie catalog for the ai^king. \\e make C Our almost everything used by bi e-keepers, and sell at lowest prices. Falcon Polished Sections warranted superior to all other.s. t) can just as well have the BEST- sucii as wo make Dou't buy cheaply and roughly made goods when you €• C (| THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a 50-ct, -W-page monthly now in its 7th © I year. Sample free, .\ddre8s W". T. FALCONER Mfg. COm Jamestown, N. Y. ^ TMJ!; BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 83 SUPPLIES Wc t\2i\\z, the Finest Line of in the A\zvrKct, ^nd sell Tbern At Low Prices. Free IllujtrzitccJ Catalogue ap^i Price Lijt. G. B. LEWI5 CO., Watertowp, Wi5. E T. BBBOTT, 5t. -»05«ph, A\o., 5«lls our Hives &nl TOMATO. A ",in-;eicss paragon" In the Tomato line; the earliest, most solid and valuable large Tomato ever Introduci^'l. It will wipe out fifty old sorts at a sweep, Wnvlonger grow poor sons? 10 PEERLESS WATER-MELON. The best variety for family use. Superior in every respect, and cannot be surpassed In exquisite fi^-. or. V ly early, of medi- um size, flesh rich scarlet ; thin rind ; very sweet. 5 EARLY PROLIFIC POLE BEAN. Tills remark- able bean Is extremely productive, a continuous bearer the whole seasoii; succeeds everywhere. The pods are borne In great clusters. Oooks tender and delicious. 10 EARLY PRIZE IIBAU LETTUCE. It forms heau- tlful heads firm and compact. Is very rich, iniitery, and of extra fine flavor. It remains crisp and tender for a long time. One of tue very best ever grown. 6 MILLERS CREAM MUSK-MELON. One of the grandest, sweetest and most delicious of all musk mel- ons. Very early, hardy, a >■ 1 wondeif uU/ p: oliUc. Every one should grow a bountiful supply, o 10 LARGE SUGAR PARSNIP. A greatly Improved variety. The roots are long, very smootli ; flesh fine grained, tender and tlie flavor delicious. It Is a heavy cropper— a good seller and money maker. 5 VEGETABLE PEACH. A new and beautiful Gar- den Treasure— a vine fruit resembling oranges in color, shape and size. Flesh snow white, i.nd make very hand- some, delicious preserves, pies, and sweet pickles. 10 MAMMOTH PUMPKIN. A grand, colossal varle'y astonishing everybody by Itsgreatrize and heavy weight. It 13 a REAL "3U0 pounder," and rlways a prize-winner. Excellent for pies and a splendid ) eeper. lO GIANT PANSIES. Fifty colors, Shades and mark- ings. Pansles are the loveliest of all Uower.s. They bloom very early and will continue the entire season, making a wondrous display of beautiful cnors. 20 SWEET PEAS. Fashion's fragrant floral favorites. Over 50 varieties of incomparable beauty and Progressive Bee Keeper ( .w) ... Im American Bee Keeper ( -fiO) ' -^JO The Southland Queen ( 1.00) 1 7.5 Ohio Farmer (100) ■•• I'S Farm Journal (Phila.) ( -S"' • ■ ■_■■ -W Farm Poultry ( J-OO) .- • 1.7^ Rural New Yorker . . ( 1.00).... !.«•) Fr.ink Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . . 3.50 The (Century ( f-W) f-^0 Michigan Farmer ( l-()0) l.b.^ Prairie Farmer (100) i.(o American Agriculturist ( 1 00) 1.75 Ladies' Home Journal i ^-r** \'Jl The ludf^pendent (New York) . . ( 3.00) 3.50 Ladies' World ( 4") 1-25 Country Gentleman ( -i.Sl)) .. . . d.i.^ Harper's Magazine ^ **?,' '^ •■■ rin Harper's Weekly ( l W) 4-.^0 Youths' Co.npanion (new) /.;'„,,•• 'qS Scrihuer's Magazine ( -i.OO) ^ ou Cosmopo'.itan ( LOO) 1-90 It will bi notice I that, in order to i-ecnre these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and tlie Youths' Companion, thosuhecnbers to these Journals must be NEW. If it n any convenience, when sending in yonr renewal to tlie Review, to include your renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full pnce must be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopt^ed by the North American Bee Keepers' Association, at its Washiugton meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. j4„ 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb uneoilod by travel-etain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white, "No. 1 dark," etc. KANSAS CITY, Mo.- We quote as follows No. white 12 to 13; fa'-cy amber, 12; No. 1 amber. 11 to 12 ; fancy dark, 10 to 11 ; No 1 dark, 8 to 10 ; white, extracted, 5Vi to 6 ; amber, 5 to 5]4 ; dark, 4 to 4^4 ; beeswax, 22 to 25. C. C. CLEMONS (;0.. Feb. 24. 521 Walnut St. Kansas Citv Mo. CHICAGO, III.— Stocks are light and demand shiw. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13; No 1 white, 12 ; fancy amber. 11 ; No. 1 amber, 10: fancy dark, 10; No. 1 dark. 8; Extracted white, 6 to 7; amber, 5 to 5".^; dark, 4 to 4»^; Beeswax, 26 to 27. 8. T FISH & CO., Jan 23. 189 So Water St , Chicago, III CLEVELAND, OHIO.-Stocks on hand not very heavy, and honey is selling very slowly at the following prices. Fancy white 11 to 12i^ ; No. 1 white, 10 to 11 ; white, extracted, 6 to 7; beeswax, 22 to 25. WILLIAMS BROS., Feb. 24. 80 & 82 Broadway, ( 'leveland, O. CHICAGO. III.— Honey meets with a very light demand and prices are weak We quote as follows : fancy wliite. 11 to 12; No. I white, 10; fancy amber, 8 to 9; No. 1 amber, 7 ; fancy dark. 6 to 7 ; white, extracted. 5 to 7; amber, 5 to 6; dark, 4 to 4J4 ; beeswax, 25 to 26. R. A. BURNETT & CO.. Feb. 34. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. BUFFALO. N. Y.— Receipts of all kinds are some lighter, and sales a little better at about same values. Please write us always be- fore sliipping. We (luote as follows : Fancy white, 9 to 10 ; No. I white, 8 to 9 ; fancy amber, 7 to 8; No. 1 amber, 6 to 7; fancy dark, 5 to 6; white, oxti acted, i}4 to 5; amber, 4; dark, 3: beeswax, 34 to '28. BATTERSON & CO.. Feb. 25. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. NEW Y^ORK. N. Y.— There has been a little better demand for honey during tiie past few weeks, but no imi>rovement in prices, as the season is too far advanced and plenty of stock ou the market Buckwheat extracted is now finding fair sale, if candied ; and if bee-keepers liave not as yet disposed of their crop, now is the time to send it. Beeswax remains quiet and without any change. We quote as fnllows; Fancy white. 11; No. 1 whito. 10; fancy amber. 9; No. 1 amber, 8: f.ancy dark, 7; No. 1 dark, 6: white, extracted. 5 to 5i^ ; amber, 414 to 5 ; dark, SM to 3U ; beeswax, 26 to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN. Feb. 25. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. WM. A. SELSER, JO VINE ST.. PHILA.. PENN. IJnyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and beeswax. Send samples. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 87 ■ COHTt^ACTIOH 0{ the brood nest can be made very profitable if practiced in the rig-ht manner, with the rig-ht kind of hives and appliances, in the rig-ht locality and in the rig-ht time of the season. The reverse will prove true if mistakes are made. Your locality may be one in which contraction, if rig-htly manag-ed, would put many dollars into j'our pocket. All of these points are fully described and explained in one of the chapters of Advanced Bee Cultuke. Besides this, the book contains 31 other chapters upon equally important subjects. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mieh. :©) ® Expert Bcc-Kcepers ^licmld keep posted by n»;i(liiiK ;i paper that is full of iniprove- nientp, expects great apicnlfural inventions, and Kives them to the public. Such a paper is the Pevcific Bee -Journal of Los Angeles, ("alifornia. With the new year this paper will be an illnetrated monthly at $1.00 a year. Special otfer of 50 cents a year if paid before January 1897. 10-%-tf Pleas** mention the Review. Bee keepers should send for our '97 C ATA LOG e We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices, Onr specialty is Cook's ("omplete hive. J. H. M COOK. 62 Cortland St., N V. City I Buy Mo Incubzvtor »«^»»*»»»«^» ••»»"«««« • year fur THF, ART OF I&cubatioE I Sroofingi BV E. i 0. VON CC;LIN. Tills is a new book on thr^ subject, fully up to ci'it •, and givis every iliiMT 'in thesubject from A •(> Z. ("loth - bound, k'ili, ."lO illuBl rations. I'rioe $1.00; or I will dull it with the Review W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Ann a % % div. We won FIRST PRIZE WORLD'S 5 5 PAIRf and will win yoii lor a steady cum- ; ; tomer if you will only Imp ours on trial. 5 ; Our large catalogue will cost you 5 cents and J J give you 5101) worth of practical information J ; on poultry and incubators, and the money 5 ; tl. ere is in the business Plans for Brooders, } 1 Houses, etc. 25. N. B. Send us the names of ; 5 three personv interested in poultry and 25 J J cents and we will send you '■ The Bicycle : 5 % ItsCareand Repair" a bf)ok of ISO subjects i J and so illustrations, worth S5. to any bicycle 5 t rider. ■ 5 VOfi CUUI/H IJHCUCATOR C©., i 5 10-96-7t Box l.')0 Deleware City, Del. j 88 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. Stratton & Son, of New York, and taking my pay in musical merchandise. I have now on hand a fine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius. " Red, French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price $2. .50 The case is wood, with curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3 50. This makes the entire outfit worth an oven $20.00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with The best of satisfaction to herself and t"achers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost sevfral times as much. I wish to sell this ou fit, and would accept, one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. M. LONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. * Send for circular. 1-96-6 2- Please mention the Review. Is Here Theyear i69i is here and we are happy to in- form our friends and customers that we are bet- ter prepared than ever before to fill ymr orders for queens and bees. We have the largest stock ever operaied by us, and we mean to be ready with plenty of bees and queens to fill all orders without delay that are sent us. Bees by the pound. $1.00; ten or more pounds. 91) cts. eacli. Untested queens for 1897, $1.00 each in Feb.. Mar.. Apr. and May ; $5 00 for six, or $9.00 per doz. For larger amounts write for prices. Have your orders booked for your early queens. Safe arrival guaranteed. Root's goods, Dadant's foundation, and Bing- ham smokers. A steam bee- hive factory, and all kinds of bee supplies. The ;^outhlz^O.,^-^ ^OM/V JVCOEiL Sc^Of^. H/aH MiLt.HO. .97-tf The k. 1. Root Co's gotids lor sale. ^lease mention thf Reuieiv- I^ake Vour O^A/n Hives. JSee ** Keepers Will save money b}' using" our Foot Pow- er Saw in making' their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog^ue. W.F.&JKO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 29612 "RE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 89 Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. R. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, liasacceDted a permanent position in Arizona, ana wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to rae I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 2 M. Sections ( G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Stanilard 2 00 1 Coil Wire CO 1 Expansion Bit 1.00 tjl Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 2.5 100 Brood Cases ( New Heddon ) at .'J.5 6*^ Covers at lf> 53 B'.ttom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boards. Queen excluding at 15 2 Escape Boards at .25 fiO Escapes at — 15 T.'O New Heddon combs at 05 50 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at 25 .4.11 of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well-made and nicely painted, and liavin^r been in use only two or three seasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Any one wishini; to buy anything out of this U)t can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. BEESWAX EnRUTORS^ The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam. Send for deBcrii>iivo, illustrated cata- logue to C. O. FERRIS, 4-96tf South Columbia. N. Y. MINNESOTA ST. PAUL AND MANKATO. I am conceited enough to think my many friends in the Noithwest will be glad to know that in addition to Italian ijueeus and bees, I now have u very large and complete stock of bee-keepers" supplies. Mycatilogue for a postal. 5 per cent discount in Febru- ary. .\ddress all letters to JOS. H. BOLTON, MAN KATO, l-67-6t Minn. f^Mjfi^^ M^>t»1lF»*« *ji^d*Jt^ •^^M^^'U^I'lU^k.aU'rkFk^^^M^l^uj Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succeeded in buying all the bees within 21^ miles of my home apiary. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty years' experience in breeding and experimenting with Italian er and better than ever; clear a^* crystal, for you 5 can read vfinr name through it. Process and machinery ; patcnicd Drc. 8. 18!)(;. and other patents pending. Sam- 1 pies of tlit> new foundation free. • THE A. L ROOT CO., :" Main oifice and and factory, Medina, Ohio. j Brance offices at I 16 y^icb. St.: Cbica.50, Ills. 5yra.cu5e, ys. Y. 10 Vine St. Pbila., Pa. St. Paul, A\inn. /«\echanic F2kll5, A\«. F HAVF IT Anything you i_ iirvvi- II. -^^ai ju bee - supplies. Queens in season. P'ull colonies of Italian bees cheap; also a few colonies of Carniolaus that will be sold this sjiriug for what they wiJl bring. Before ordering elsewhere, see our prices on hivew, sections, comb foundation, etc. 1 97-12t \Vm. H. BRIGHT, Mazeppa, Minn. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by ('. W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Danzenbab Hive and Hooey Won MM M\m at ttie Fars,. and Fays as Prcimiiiiis to Piircliascrs of f>0 hivis, ?uO for the best 100 'Danz " sections •' 25 •• 25 50 •• -JO " :;o • " " 40 " 10 " 10 •' " " 20 " 5 " 5 " " " 10 FRANCIS DANZENBAKER, Care of The X. I. ROOT CO., Me.iiua Ohio. 160-Page \ B&e-book Sent Fric Witii American Bee Journal. ;«■,««<»■•« *«.«^«^<»« BP-S»»^^»*Ii^»«^rf^rf^*«ti^*^^^*»B«^^*^i'""^Mtr«> FREE, Every new subscriber seading $1.00 for the weekly American Bee Jour- nal for 1897 will receive a copy of Newman's l60-pace " Bees and hon- ey " free. The old .Vtnerican Bee .Journal is great this year. You ought to have it, even if you do take the Review. Sample of Bee Journal free. Write for it GEORGE W. YORK & GO. 118 MIGHIG&N Street., GHICAGO llll.'«o!$. Please mention the Review, h e (5)ee- eepeps ' pleVieli A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $L00 A YEAR. W. z. HDTCHiKSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL X. FLINT. MICHIGAN, APR, 10, 1897. NO 4, AV^ork at ]VEicliigan's Experimeiital ^piarv. K. L. TAYLOK, AI'IAKIST. HIGH TEMPEBATUBE IN CELLAE WINTERING. :'(. TDED by the i"l unusually mild winter, and iiy putting a large number of strong colonies in u^y bee cellar, I have been enabled to some extent to test the effect of a hiijh cellar tem- jierature for win- tering bees. I was the more resigned to the risk supposed to be incurred by making such an experi- ment on account of a bt lief that a high tem- perature induces conditions that aid the bees in avoiding much of tin- ill effects of the com- mon winter diseaec, the advent of which was anticipated on account »f the large amount of fruit juices which \\as gathered during last fall by the bees. 1 succeeded beyond my expectations, indet I, beyond my desires, in securing a high ten; lerature, for on sev- eral occasions it was with difficulty that I kept it down to r>0 by opening the outside door during the night. Even with this free ventilation it very seldom went below 45°, and within a few hours it was back to .")0°. For a considerable part of the time the thermometer stood a little above .^0 but for the greater part of the time at from 48 to 50'. The bees were put into the cellar compar- atively early — from the .5th to the 18th of November. There were one hundred and eighty colonies mostly hfavy and strong. There were about tw^ity oii L. frames, twenty or thirty in single sections of the Heddon hive and the rest in H^^ddon hives of two sections. All except those in single section H. hives were stored in the cellar without bottom boards. Notwithstanding the high temperature the bees remained as quiet as is usual with the temperature i>'' to S lower. They were also free from a' y un- usual appearance of the winter disease as well as from excessive loss of bees until about the last of February. From this time there was a marked change in both re- spects although the bees seemed to remain usually quiet The iinmber of dead bees on the cellar t ottoin inert ased rapidly— Vjeyond anything I had experienced except in one disastrous winter, and iiliout one-half of the hives became more or less spotted with ex- crement and about ten per cent excessively so. (Jn the 2t)th of March removal from the cellar was begun and kept up by taking a 92 THE BEE-KEEPERS' MEVIE . few out from time to time on favorable days uutil April 14, when the last, a baker's dozen, were placed on their summer stands. The examinations during and after the re- moval disclosed the following results; thir- teen colonies dead or so nearly so that the bees still living were of no value. I say dead though three of the thirteen had left their hives and combs clean and free of dead bees and honey, showing that tliey had each probably united with the colony above or below, the honey being conveyed thither also. Two had starved, two had perished from weakness resulting from queenlessness, one with a bottom board had apparently smothered from the entrance having be- come clogged and the rest had apparently died of dysentery. The dead bees from the cellar floor measured six well packed bush- els amounting, I estimate, to a loss on the average of three pints of bees from each col- ony. Moreover, there had undoubtedly been considerable breeding during the latter part of winter as was shown by the remains of immature brood and imperfect young bees among the debris that had fallen from the hives. On removal from the cellar the bees from most of the colonies spotted their hives and suriounding objects on taking their tirst flight, yet they were clean and seemed strong both physically and numeri- cally—most of the colonies being of about the same strength as when placed in the cellar. In most of the hives also, contain- ing plenty of stores, there were at the time of removal considerable amounts of capped brood, and in one strong colony was discov- ered a nice patch of capped drone brood. What the full effect of this cellar breed- ing will be remains to be seen for it is yet too early to pronounce a safe judgement. For a longtime I have felt a fear that there was a store of evil laid up in the future for colonies guilty of breeding in continement, but I have had heretofore no case thnt would serve so satisfactorily as a test as the pres- ent one and I shall look forward with con- siderable interest to the outcome. One other result of warm wintering' re- mains yet to he noticed, and that is the amount of stores consumed. I can only show this result in the case of poor to medi- um colonies, for those of this class only were weighed in the fall. It is necessary to bear this in mind because the stronger the colonies the greater will be the average amount consumed. The results in brief on this point areas follows: eleven colonies in two section H. hives averaging in the fall, shortly before being put into winter quar- ters, M.T2 pounds averaged in the spring 35. '11 pounds, showing an average consump- tion of almost fifteen and a half pounds. The heaviest colony of this lot consumed 21 pounds, and two others 19 pounds each. Seven other colonies in single section H. hives weighed on the average in the fall 40.78 pounds, and in the spring 29.07, showing an average consumption of nearly elevtn and three- fourths pounds. This is a consumption of stores of from fifty to one hundred per cent, in excess of anything I have heretofore known when the bees had in my estimation wintered tolera- bly well. Of course if this extra consump- tion results in an appreciable advantage to the colonies it is well, but if it causes also an abatement of the vitality of the bees it is greatly to be deprecated. In conclusion it will be noticed that I took out the bees much earlier than is usually recommended, for there are no signs yet of the opening of soft maple blossoms, the time which is generally set as the most desirable for that operation. The greater my experience the more I am inclined to the desirability of early removal from winter quarters. Wlien most good colonies stand exposure, without extra protection, to the weather of the entire win- ter, it would seem that it should go with- out saying that any colony should stand the vicissitudes of early April without serious in- jury, and I have found, at least to my own satisfaction, that it is so. There are sever- al substantial advantages in early removal: 1. There is much greater comfort in the labor of removal. 2. A few only need be taken out on any one day. 8. There is little or none of the crazy out-rusliing and com-mingling of the bees of different colonies. 4. The bees settle down to honest work more quickly and permanently and i"). The beginnings of attemps to rob are much more easily and effectively prevented, and much vexatious watching is thereby rendered unnecessary. Lapeeb, Mich. April 17, 1897 iiii BEEKEEPERS' REVIEW. 93 Abridged Methodic in Spring Management. I.. A. AsriNWALIi. Vv^rlTH bees pro- Aa perly winter- ed, spring work is largely minimized. Ample store?, the first requisite to successful winter- ing, usually obvi- ates any necessity for feeding at this season, unless the weather following fruit bloom should prove unfavorable to the tiight of bees. After a bountiful yield of nectar from the golden willow, sugar maple and fruit blos- soms, which rapidly succeed each other in this section, strong colonies will have in- creased sufficiently to fill and sometimes overflow the hives. Such colonies invaria- bly possess vigorous queens and usually ex- tend the brood to all but the outside combs in single-wall hives. With hives of warmer construction, the brood area with be still larger. The outside frames will often con- tain from O'e quarter to a full comb of brood. I refer to eight-frame hives. Following fruit bloom we have in most parts of Michigan and New York State a lull in the honey flow for a period of at least two or three weeks. With but little nectar ob- tainable, a cold spell is likely to bring about starvation of the brood and possibly of the colony, unless avoided by vigilance of the bee keeper. It is convenient to inspect a colony when accessible by a movable side. A glance will reveal the situation without the re- moval of a frame or material disturb- ance of the colony. By such an arrange- ment the work is largely minimized. My hive entrances are contracted to the ex- treme right instead of iM-ing located central- ly in the front. By this arrangement the combs adjusted to the removal side ( which is on the left ) are certain to contain honey if any be found in the hive. I will treat the subject of entrance location more fully in another paragraph. Let us note that the strongest colonies are often the most likely lo become impover- ished at this season. Stimulated by the early flow of nectar, extended brood rear- ing takes place, which, with a sudden col- lapse of apple bloom, causes a heavy drain upon the stores which are located at the top and corners of each comb, together with an additional quantity in the one adjoining the movable side when the side entrance is used; or both outer ones when the entrance is centrally located. The cells upon being emptied are quickly occupied and filled with eggs by vigorous queens. Bees being pos- sessed with an instinctive energy peculiar to springtime, are more reluctant to curtail brood rearing than later in the season, hence, are often overtaken with disaster. We ought not to forget that under natural circumstances, with an abundance of room, bees will provide themselves with sufficient stores to tide over such periods of failure. We have separated the brood and storage by constructing separate apartments, enabling us to appropriate their stores for our bene- fit, hence are under obliagtions to protect and otherwise provide for the creatures in- trusted to our care. With the necessity of feeding at this sea- on, the method should be carefully consid- ered. After a short period of activity with starvation in view, the propensity to rob is much increased. I seldom resort to the use of a feeder at this season of the year. Combs of honey are the safest and most economi- cally provided. A well filled comb care- fully placed in the hive towards evening, is a safeguard against robbing, and prevents any undue stimulation to increased breed- ing; furthermore the work is largely minim- mized. Having considered the matter of feeding in spring management, let us begin with the opening of spring and attend to the vari- ous requirements as they follow in suc- cession. Towards the close of cold weather the bot- tom boards of ordinary hives should be cleaned. My hives are provided with a filth or dead air chamber which can be emptied in about one minute. This accomplished, no further work will be necessary until sugar maple and apple l)lo8soms appear. Being an advocate for spring protection I invariably leave the removable packing of my hives until the trees are fully leaved out. Colonies well protected maybe found loose- ly clustered and much of the time occupy- iny most of the combs, while those in single- wall hives retain the globular form thougti less compact than in winter. 94 THE BEE-KEEP&RS' HE VIEW Occasionally a colony will become queen- less daring the winter or early spring; such can usually be detected without opening the hives. The carrying of water is evidence of a laying queen; however, the eggs may produce drones only, in which event it will be useless to open the hive or disturb the colony previous to a honey yield, when a union can be made with the nearest ( pref- erably strong ) colony. Thus far ( Apr. 14 ) no work has been done in my apiary aside from cleaning the filth chambers of a few dead bees and comb clippings, with the exception of an occa- sional visit among the hives as a matter of pleasure, at which time I gave particular attention to note that all colonies were carrying water. The water carriers can be detected by their distended abdomens as they enter the hives. Possibly a novice would fail to detect them at first, but with a little practice may become an expert, and so minimize work by abridged methods. The reader will bear in mind that this method of detecting a queenless colony applies only to springtime and previous to a flow of honey. At this season it is most important to ascer- tain the condition of each colony without the necessity of opening hives which has a tendency to lower the temperature and otherwise disturb the bees. Upon the approach of warm days the tendency to rob will manifest itself. Strong colonies are likely to overcome the weaker ones unless precaution is taken. Timely prevention is the best remedy here. No col- ony should be allowed more than two inch- es width of entrance previous to apple bloom, and weaker ones as little as half an inch. As our colonies become populous, comb extension during sugar maple and apple bloom is possible, and at this period drawn combs can be produced with but little troub- le and expense. The greatest difficulty in producing them at this season, is to avoid pollen deposits. However, I have discover- ed that with an entrance contracted towards one side ( the right for example which in my hives is farthest from the movable side ) will almost entirely overcome the tendency. With an entrance located in the middle front, the pollen will be deposited mostly in two combs, one on each side of the brood nest. But, with an entrance close to one side most of the pollen will be deposited in a single comb on the same side, leaving the opposite side for the storage of honey. In combs adjacent to the movable side or fol- lower of my hive, I liave produced beauti- ful drawn combs both in full sized frames and in sections; the latter I invariably util- ize by placing a few sections in the supers of different colonies at the opening of the clover season. The plan I have adopted of late is to use the full frames as reserve combs for feeding in the event of a failure of hon- ey between fruit bloom and clover. If not required then they may be used as other circumstances demand. I have found the period of fruit bloom to be an admirable time for the work of equal- izing colonies. It is best to restrain all swarming at this season by removing a comb of sealed brood, exchanging it for one containing but little, taken from a weak colony. Care should be taken to keep the weaker one thoroughly protected from the cold. Sach an exchange works admirably in strengthening the weaker colony and re- straining the stronger ones. We should, however, bear in mind that very weak col- onies cannot be built up in this way pre- vious to warm weather. In speaking of weaker colonies I refer to those a little be- low the average strength or those in con- trast with very strong ones. Previous to the period of clover bloom all precaution possible should be taken to prevent the swarming impulse. Extra combs may be added although too much room is not favorable to the production of comb honey. Ventilation and shade should also be iurnished at the proper season. In my apiary dummy combs will be alternated with the natural in all colonies as a safe- guard against swarming. .Jackson. Mich. April 14, 1897. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. TEIPZIGER BIENENZEITUNG— Pastor ft Fleischmann reports that Prof. Beck- raann, of Erlangen, at a convention of Bavarian chemists, gave a method of de- tecting 10 percent of glucose in honey, by successive tests with three simple chemicals. If this turns out to be all that is claimed for it. it will be a valuable aid to honey- producers, for hitherto it has been supposed that only the test with the polariscope, re- quiring costly apparatus and special know- l±l±. BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 95 edge, was decisive. The tests are as follows: 1. I'ure houey dissolved iu water is uot al- tered by the addition ot a few drops of tincture of iodine, but almost becomes clearer; honey adultered with glucose turns darker. 2. Pure honey dissolves iu methyl alcohol so as to give an almost clear result, with only a few tiakes; when mixed with glucose a thick precipitation is formed which, when the honey is warmed, adheres tirmly to the surface of the glass, and can not be dissolved in any way. 8. " Baryt- wasser" (a (lerman druggist should be appli- ed to for this, as I do not know the corre- sponding English term— it ai)pears to mean a solution of barytes, if there is such a thing) when added to a solution of honey, gives no reaction, but with a mixture of glucose and honey causes a thick precipitation of " baryumdextrinat " (which I must be ex- cused from translating.) At the Reichenberg convention there was a lively discussion over the best position for the entrance. The great majority pre- ferred it some distance above the bottom. MuENoiiENEB BiENENZEiTUNG. — Reviewer Bachmaier reports that in 18!)5, 35,G40 pounds of gingerbread ( Lebhuchen ) were exported from France, and 478, 'J4C pounds imported into France from Belgium. Al- though the Belgium article is 9% cents a pound, and the French 7 cents, the former is much more sought after, because it is made with houey, while most French ginger- bread contains syrup and glucose. (This does not exactly harmonize with the state- ment that no one dares adulterate in France. ) ■' Lebkuchen" are such a standard article on the continent, and we have such a large per cent of foreign population here, that one is led to wonder whetlier an attempt to cater to their tastes iu this respect has ever been made. ( Possit^)iy Mr. Muth may have done something. ) If I am not mis- taken, these " Lel)kucheu " are even im- ported into this country. They ought to be made here. Is the receipt a secret ? Two other items collected by the same authority may be laljeUd " important if true. " One is. that the 'luicker melted wax , is cooled, the better its color; hence to se- cure a superior grade, first cool slowly to get rid of the impurities, which will be at the bottom of the cake so that they can be re- moved, and then remelt and cool quickly by setting the vessel in cold water. The other is a tested remedy for moths — pat some strong vinegar in a pot and set it un- der the combs in a closet. Then put a red- hot bolt in the vinegar and shut the door quick. The fumes kill the worms. L'Apioulteuk. — The tariff on honey in France is about !}■< cents a pound. In Germany, the tariff has just been raised slightly, so that it is now about 4> reason why walls made of similar material and in a manner similar to that by which the foundation is made, should be of a different character after the bees have completed them and till- ed them with honey, and were it not that Mr. Root sn\is that the bees i/n change the charac- ter of the walls, make them so that it is im- possible to detect them from the natural comb, did he not most emphatically make such assertions, I should unhesitatingly con- demn and oppose the whole thing. I feel that I must wait until I have tested the product. I know that there is such a thing as an un- conscious bias. Even the judge on the bench admits this. Self interest pre- judices a man's faculties. There are just a few things that Bro. Hoot is doing that I wish he would not do, and, now that so much is being said on the subject, I hope that he will pardon me if I mention them. Perhaps I can include them all under one head. By the use of his journal he is trying to grad- ually build up, in advance, a sentiment in favor of the new product. First, he gives a sketch and portrait of Mr. Weed, giving him the highest praise as an inventor ( mind I am not saying that he does not deserve it,) then in a latter issue of Gleanings come two pages describing the ne.v product, noticing the criticisms against it and giving illustra- tion showing how thin it can be made. The idea seems to be brought out that if it can be made as thin as the natural comb nothing more can be desired, the question of the character of the material seems to be put in the background. Then there is talk about consumers liking " fishbone " to chew on. Again, we are asked not to talk so much about " fishbone. " Now, Bro. Root may not have thought of it in this light, but it looks as though he was were trying to work up, in advance a sentiment in favor of this product. I have asked my readers to sus- pend judgement until they could try the product themselves and now I wish that Bro. Root would stop trying to help them to make up their minds in advance. Perhaps Bro. Root had no such intention, in fact, he may never have thought of it in the light in which I have put it, but, while I have no disposition to dictate, it does seem as though, in view of the fact that nearly all that can be said upon the subject will be theorizing, that it would be better to simply suspend judgement and keep quiet until wholly disinterested parties can test the matter. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. ra^TAND a little back, boys, and look sharp k£) for stray missiles; here's as pretty a fight as we often see. " Foundation walls one-half inch deep will be an abomination. " W. Z. "— Attribnting to it certain qualities which it hart not, and by toUint,' how it was inarto when he (iidn't know anytliiiiK about it." Ernest. However Mr. Root took off the rough angles of his brick by saying in advance that Mr. Hutchinson did not mean this which he has done. 100 TQE BEJS-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Unfortunately the masicianand the mnsi- cal critic seldom embrace each other ( ex- cept a-la-Bruin ) and the inventor and his editorial critics are apt to be similarly at outs. To a man behind a plank fence, and cautiously peeking through a slender crack, it looks as if both sides are talking some- what about things they do not fully know as yet. Until the deep foundation has been publicly tried, and tried by persons not in- terested in its favor, it's better to assume that nobody knows the uttermost of the matter as it ought to be yet. 'Spects that, under those circumstances, W. Z. has as good right to blow cold as Ernest has to blow hot. In fact to have the hot blasts all blow- ing, and the cold blasts all under bonds to keep still would be a public misfortune per- haps. And it appears just a little as if this was going to be the hot blast line of argu- ment. " A heedless and ill informed public did not revolt when the introduction of sur- plus foundation deteriorated comb honey somewhat; therefore pile on some more of the same sort— the camel's back won't break. " It don't always come true— that ar' last prophesy don't. Interesting to see that bees not yet in full activity consider it comb, and fix it up a little at the same time when they nibble at ordinary foundation with more or less de- sign of tearing it down. Gleanings 249. That photo on page 249 makes things very plain. Specimens 5 and 6 look remarkably alike, except in weight. What if we should consent to use r», and the article we unpack from the box is more like G ? VVork-a-day hands seldom do as delicate a job as the trained expert. Good plan to have a subject well drum- med when it gets into the foreground once — and so in the American bee journal 210 C. P. Dadant clears up the odd corners of the vinegar question. Soft water probably best; but no one need worry if well water has to be used. Some of the superfine folks want the details of clarifying. Dadant thinks his vinegar clear enough without — but gives the standard process. First, fer- mentation must be finished, else the liq- uid will get cloudy again after clarifying. Second, draw it off without roiling it up. Third, kill the vinegar eels and organic matter contained by scalding ( say l.'i.'S F. ) Fourth, the whites of four eggs beaten into a quart of water and a little salt added must be very thoroughly mixed into each barrel after cooling. Fifth, after 12 days of per- fect quiet for settling purposes draw it off again, and you have the clear sparkling vinegar. The albumen of the egg and the cooked animalculae form a coagulum to- gether. This slowly settles to the bottom carrying everything with it that is not in perfect solution. An ounce of isinglass can be made to serve the same purpose as the eggs. The two fermentations often get jumbled up together; but the vinegar is better to have the alcoholic fermentation nearly finished before the acetic fermentation gets begun much. Low temperature (say:^° F.) prevents the alcohol fermentation from get- ting begun; and the high temperature of 140" F. also does the same thing. Dadant recommends 120° as the best temperature for making vinegar in winter; but much lower for hot weather. I suppose the sum- mer air is full of live germs ready to go in- to business; and it isn't best to encourage them too much. Gleanings. One describes the condition of the sun by telling how many big black spots there are on it. It doesn't seem necessary to say that it is bright, or that it is warm, or that it is punctual in getting up in the morning — But, on the whole, why should I enumerate the spots on Gleanings ? Not sure such an attempted census would conduce to my own pleasure or the general profit. Gleanings as it lies before me to-day is a magazine of 40 pages and cover, 29 of which are reading matter — index and market reports, and some of the notices thrown in. First come Dr. Miller's Straws — two pages now instead of one — and the straws at the far end of the patch show some inclination of late to evo- lute into saw-logs. R. C. Aikin, looking from the trap door in the roof of his cabin holds second place. Skylark has disappear- ed, presumably went up to meet the sun and forgot his way down. Another nom-de- plume writer who signs himself " Wood- chopper " has a continued engagement now. He solves the conundrum why bees bring in pollen at early morn by saying that many plants have such dry and powdery pollen that bees cannot make it adhere in a pellet except at early morn. Guess he's right, in part. It requires between eight and ten pages of coutributers' articles to take as rHK BEE-KEErERS REVIEW, 101 *hroagh to Mr. Doolittle's regular depart- naeut of seasouableaDAwerA. Then a page or two more of small frHt,'ineut9 takes us to Rambler's roiuauce. I dou't make much prt)grees at getting reconciled to romance in bee papers. Perhaps I'm peculiar. Is fiction bait to entice in those who would not be readers otherwise ? or is it sugar coating, to relieve the disagreeable taste of apicul- tural science ? or does tlie story itself convey bee lore through the dull noddle which would otherwise prove iui previous ? Neither of the three theories seem entirely satisfac- tory. Simply on its merits as a story, Ram- bler's tale is not a bad one. Many passages have very high merit. But he's keeping Alfaretta too long and too prominently in disagreeable roles. Doubtless he'll make her shine as the noonday at last — but not long enough to settle the previous account — any more than a delightful last evening atones for ten years of a scolding wife. Say. Rambler, I don't mean to be mean — got a remnant of la-grippe or something hanging about me. Rut to business — the story reaches to the editorial notes which are a specially strong and excellent feature of Gleanings and which are three or four pages in extent. Then follow of course A. I. Root's special departments of travels, and religious teachings, and gardening — very different from anything to be found in any other bee- paper — very oflFensive to a few critics with a theory in their heads; but very Fatisfactory to. yours truly, and to i>H out of every hundred readers. Gleanings of Jan. IHS? — a trifle over ten years ago has about the same number of pages of reading matter as now. The spread of advertisements is much smaller than now. ( Among them Chapman tells us how he spent thdusunds of dollars tobriug his honey plant before us, and asks us to buy seed at a dollar an ounce. ) As first page man W. Z. Hutchinson was holding forth — standing in Dr. Miller's shoes; or rather breaking in the shoes which Dr. Miller now wears. Editor- ial notes were fewor than now. Ernest edited s department instead of the whole paper. And the footnote, the characteristic footnote of Gleanings, was in its prime almoet. The General Round-Up Eight weeks before the harvest ( rather than six ) is the time to commence stimula- ting, if at all; thinks A. F. Brown, American Bee Journal Gt). It takes a number of days for the stimulus supplied to make much difference in the rate of brooding. Mr. Harrison the Canadian bacteriologist fed flies with food well mixed with the germs of foul brood, and it killed them. I wonder if any relief to the fly-tormented public is bound up in that curious fact. Another bacillus has greatly relieved the plague of field mice with which certain regions of the world were suffering; why not the bee bacil- lus clean out the embryo flies from their breeding places in the stables ? Mr. Harri- son fed similarly infected food to grown up bees for a month and they seemed to suffer no harm. A. B. J. 70. Doolittle says he could double comb hon- ey weights in producing extracted honey when extracting was done every third day; t)ut of honey all capped before ex- tracting not more than 25 per cent. more. A. B. J. That's about it no doubt. Save in case of an unusual rush of honey, all increase beyond a very modest one is at the direct expense of quality. This is a chestnut, to be sure, but the younger generation should be fed on such chestnuts until they are safe from forgetting. Aspinwall feeds a syrup so thick as to be nearly candy when cold — 14 lbs. sugar to a quart of water. To be fed warm. A. B. J. S."). I'm not recommending this just at pre- sent; but I feel interested to see that such syrup can be practically fed. Dr. Miller makes wax candles ( as melted wax droppers for soldering purposes ) by wrapping waste scraps of foundation around a string. A. B. J. 103. Bright idea — only as he suggests they may not look as beautiful as parlor candles should be. Mr. Evoy thinks foul brood infection gets into hont-y mainly by the honey being stored in cells in which foul matter has dried down. But such cells of honey are often emptied by bees and the honey moved. In this way honey at the top or sides of the hive may become very badly infected. A. B. J. 11.5. M. H. Hunt, A. li. J. 117, says dirty old frames of comb with pollen in can be soak- ed with advantage. Upon thorough drying most of the old pollen can then be rattled out. The comb also is improved and will not darken the honey so badly if used for extracting. Worth remembering. An editorial note A. B. J. 120 calls atten- tion to the fact that some cases of so called 102 THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW "soured honey " can be put in good order again— by simply heating up, or by heating in such a way as to evaporate it down some what. When we say "This is soured just a little " usually not much is the matter ex- cept that the alcoholic fermentation is be- gun. Heat will stop this, and also evapor- ate the alcohol already formed: and the hon- ey will be all right, or nearly so. But if the acetic fermentation has begun, or if either fermentation has provoked other chemical changes accompanied by a mean taste ( the usual result ) then the situation is pretty nearly hopeless. The April Progressive, just received, is a specialist number tremendously " foruinst " the new deep cell foundation. Very appro- priately it bears at mast head the banner " VVeed'em out. " Some of the writers doubtless get " hobia " on the brain too much; but they'll do to average with writers on the other side. Let them spit out their real sentiments, even if they are extreme. And when O. P. Miller says he is opposed to everything that will not bear the strictest investigation of the public in general, my heart goes with him. That sounds very much like Christianity. Such a doctrine would " turn upside down " a good deal which is already firmly established in our craft — but what of it ? When Texas and Oalifornia are brought into competion we must expect "some pumpkins " as the result. Mr. Atchley of Beeville Texas planted some California grape cuttings (no roots at all) and had ripe grapes on them inside of a year. Gleanings 2r). At one of the Atchley apiaries the hives are just set on the dry sandy ground with- out bottom boards. British Bee Journal says it ai'ui so about Italian bees having longer tongues than Ger- man bees. Gleanings 41. The alfalfa yield is few pounds a day, it seems, rarely over four pounds, even in the best seasons. R. C. Aikin Gleanmgs 44. Doolittle thinks that the bees that get sep- arated from the cluster and die in little groups on the combs in winter are the same bees that would have come out of the hive to die had the weather been warmer. Glea- nings ri.\. When 20,000 bees get ahead a pound a day 40,000 will get ahead four pounds. So thinks P. Schachinger:and Ernest K )ot en- dorses, and thinks the most of us will sec- ond the estimate. Gleanings 72. I'll not protest — but would like to be more sure of it. In fact I suspect that in actual experi- ence a good many colonies of 40,000 have the extra 20,000 nearly all of bees too young to gather. Don't believe the extra three pounds would show up in that case. Some- times in a fall flow a great colony which is great because it did not swarm when others did, may have more than four times as many flying bees as the rest. J. E. Crane prefers cutting to melting in putting sections of empty comb in order for use. Thinks he can shave down 200 per hour. Gleanings 7'J. If the boys want to try taller sections it can be managed by nailing supporting slats on a rim about an inch wide to go under the regular rim of the super. The Roots offer to supply such an arrangement. Gleanings 87. Twice as much formic acid in buckwheat honey as in clover honey. ( )ften noticed that bees in buckwheat harvest sting worse than during other harvests. The two facts seem to be related somehow. Gleanings 9(5. RiOHAKDS, Ohio. April 15, 1897. EXXRMOXED. Selling- Names of Bee-Keepers. The foregoing appeared in a late issue of the American Bee Journal. " Selling names of Bee-Keepers is con- demned as 'a bad policy ' by Editor Root in Gleanings. We made a similar suggestion quite a while ago. We venture to say that had not Horrie, VVheadou, and others been able to get hold of lists of bee-keepers' names and addresses, they would never have gone into the business of systematically swindling honey-producers. We have the names of perhaps 20,000 bee-keepers, but no amount of money would tempt us to sell them to an\i commission tirin. The fact is, we believe that reliable commission houses don't resort to sending out pleading letters in order to get trade. If they are all right, they usually get about as much produce as tiiey can profitable handle without soliciting through the use of egotistical and misrepre- senting letters. " According to this line of reasoning my editorial brothers ought not to sell advertis- ing space for fear that dishonest men may advertise therein. Before a commis- sion man can do business he must be made known to producers, and it is clLH KtL±.l'h lis ' RK VIE W. 103 just as legitimate to send out circulars as it is to advertise in tlie columns of jour- nals and newspapers. Tne point is just here: we as publishers should be very care- ful not to allow swindlers the use of our col- nmus, and the same care ought to be exer- cised in selling the names of bee-keepers, but to decline to soil a list of names of bee- keepers to honest dealers would be fully as illogical as to refuse honest dealers the use our advertising columns for fear that rogues might creep in. Sanford ct Co., of New York, recently exposed by the American Bee Journal, tried last fall to buy a list of names of me, but failed, as they could give no sat- isfactory reference. I have never know- ingly sold a list of names to a dishoneSt man, and never shall, but I shall probably continue to sell names and advertising space to honest men as long as they wish to buy. Spring Feeding not Profitable. I must confess that I have never fed bees in the spring for the sake of the stimulation, nor for the sake of getting the combs tilled with feed so that the first honey gathered must go into the sec- tions, but I know that many have reported success in tliat direction: notably, Mr. H. R. Buardman whose success and methods were reported in Gleanings and copied into the Review last spring. The Review most earnestly wishes to get at the exact truth, and for this reason the following from F. A. Salisbury and printed in Gleanings is given place as something on the other side of the (juestion. " Wanting to secure a large crop of honey in the year 18'.«; we concluded to try the Boardman plan of feeding, and beaan feed- ing May 1, continuing till about .Tune 2.")th, feeding about 1 lb. of syrup per day to each of fi^ colonies. Syrup wms made in the ex- tractor by the process given in the A. I. Root Co.'s catalog: the same amount of f ugar and water by mea-^ure or weight: it does not make any difference in this regard, as sugar and water, hulk for bulk, weigh nearly the same. After --s rup was made it took about ;iO minutes to till all the feeders. This is made possihje by liaving bees in the house-apiary with feeders made in the bot- tom boards. There is no coming in con- tact with bees, and no occasion to use a smoker. The next morning, when about to feed, a glance along the -helves would show which feeders needed replenishing, the feeders being 1-lb Muth lM>ney-jars. Some colonies would empty the feeders in two or three hours. As we said before, we kept this feeding up nearly two months, feeding during that time over four barrels of sugar. Cost of sugar about ^U5. A short distance from us is an apiary of about 100 colonies. These bees were not fed during this time. Ours were fed daily. One would expect to see our r>8 colonies in- crease in strength, and swarm early; but the truth is, ours were later in swarming, and weaker in bees, by the the time basswood opened. Now I don't know why ours should be so backward, seeing they had over four barrels of sugar fed them, unless we fed so fast that all the available room in the brood-chamber was tilled with syrup which prevented them from breeding. Last year, when reading friend Elwood's results of his feeding, I said he was wrong; but nowl atiree with him that it does not pay to feed bees. Our crop of honey was about two-thirds of the average of others near here and with the cost of sugar and work taken out it left us about even. I shall feed no more sugar to stimulate. The only time I see that sugar feeding can be made profitable is in the fall when stocks are short of stores, when enough be fed to carry them through until honey comes again. Possibly if we had fed all the fonr barrels of sugar during the week just before bass- wood opened we should have had a different showing; but I do not think enough more honey would have been gathered to pay for the sugar and cost of feeding. There is one thing I have noticed in mak- ing syrup by the cold-water extractor pro- cess; and that is, it does not granulate either in or out of the comb. We have about 10 lbs. of syrup made last -June that has stood iti the house-apiary from tliat time till now. • )f course, during the summer it evaporated down to a thick syrup, and now is clear as crystal, and thick, \vi(h no granulation. Syrup made by boiling will granulate more or less. Syracuse, N. Y. Feb. 5). The editor of Gleanings comments as follows: [ Two years ago when I visited Boardman he was the o"Iy one around who secured any honey, and he attributed it to the fact he fed them up to the honey- flow tilling the brood combs, so that the first and all the honey hud to go into the supers. This seem- ed to be a big thing, and I ca 't quite give up thrtt it is yet. However, one of our neigh- bors, M. G. Chase, of Whittlesey, ()., has tried the plan and succeeded no better than you : at all events, he thinks he can't afford to do it again. Ijet's have more reports from those who tried the j)lan, for many did try it. If near- ly all made it a failure then we must give up. Regarding the cold process of making syrup, Mr. Salisbury is the man who gave us the plan. This is surely a success. Our bees have had this syrnp for two winters, and they never wintered better. To go back to the old mussy way would be like going back to box hives. A Mr. Laing, of Ontario, who visited us recently, said this idea alone 104 TBE BEE-KEEPERS' RE'^IR » was worth to him several years of Glean- ings.— Ed.] " If any of the readers of the Review have had experience along this line I should be glad to hear from them. The Principles of Snmmer Management. The last meeting of the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Association was a good one, and of the many excellent ideas brought out none were more valuable than those embodied in a paper by E. A. Hoshal under the title that stands at the head of this article. They are worthy of careful thought and study. I copy its brood nest, but the great bulk of it will be above: in fact this latter instinct so pre- dominates that it is generally said among bee keepers that 'bees always store their honey above their brood. ' Besides, they store it as near the top of the hive as possi- ble, and for consumption use that lowest down and nearest the brood. In breeding, the upper part of the brood nest is kept immediately next to the honey. When the brood in the upper part of the brood nest hatches, and the honey flow is sufficient, the bees will fill with honey the cells out of which it hatched, and thus they continue to work, as it were, to keep connected the brood and honey by filling with honey this shallow space of empty cells continually be- ing created between them through the FI.C 2 X ^^ O M E BROOD FIG 3 A fr: t - C HOMEY ( E MPT r c. 6 R COD 1— 1 ~~S ft e y B ROOD r the article from the Canadian Bee Journal. " Every art and every science has certain underlying fundamental principles which govern it, and which, under like circumstan- ces, produce unvaringly the same results. Honey producing is no exception to this rule. If we will but observe various colo- nies of bees and their methods of working, it will be found that they do so along cer- tain definite lines, or in other words, in a certain well defined manner in accordance with their instinct, no matter whether they are domiciled in the most approved modern hive, or among the rocks, or even in the carcass of a dead lion. Now, 1 wish you to observe very carefully, and to thoroughly understand what is this general, yet well de- fined, manner in which they work under these varying circumstances. A colony of bees, when left to itself, will store some of its honey about the sides of hatching of brood, thereby forcing the brood downward, keeping the honey at the top, and if there be not sufiicient comb to con- tinue this, compelling them to build more beneath the brood lor its accomodation un- til the hive is filled. To illustrate, let figs. 1, 2 and 3 represent hives of various sizes and shapes cut perpendicularly in two through the center so as to expose the cen- tral comb of each. Then acuta will repre- sent in each case about the dividing line between the brood and the honey. That portion of the hive above this line will be filled with honey, while the brood will be immediately next to and below it: «hould there beany unoccupied comb or space in the hive, (unless it be unreasonably long or wide in i)roportion to the strength of the colony ) it will be found between the Vjrood and the bottom of the hive DE. It will be found also, that it is in the emptied cells made so by the hatching of the brood, along rtLJL tfKlL-KI^KPERS RhJVlEW 105 aud nearest the line aaan, that the colony continually stores its houey. Now, from these simple observations of tho way in which bees instinctively work, and thorough- ly understood in all in all its hearings we do learn the fundamental principles of bee- keeping as they relate to summer manage- ment, aud the adaption of our hives to the requirements of our colonies, in order that they may work their best for us. Other things being equal we observe : (1) That surplus cases should be added above the brood nest, and hence our hives built for top storage. (2) That we should not have our bees travelling over honey at the top or sides of the brood nest to store surplus, thus com- pelling them to do so at a distance from their brood; hence the dividing line between the brood chamber and surplus apartments of our hives, should come right where the brood and honey meet. In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 this should be at aaaa. In other words, our management should be such, that there will be no honey, or as little as possible, at the top of our brood chamber, whenever we wish our bees to store in the surplus cases above it. (3) That brood should extend underneath the whole surface of the surplus cases; hence, these cases should not extend end- wise nor sidewise beyond the brood chamber: neither should there be combs of honey be- neath them at the sides of the brood cham- ber. It is a fact, that the greater the num- ber of combs a brood chamber is in width, the greater the liability of having its out- side combs filled with houey. hence, a brood chamber should tend toward the narrow as mnch as practical, rather than toward the wide. (4) From principles 2 aud 3 we see that any system of management which attempts to fill the brood chamber with honey for winter stores, either before or while the honey harvest is on, does so at the expense of important conditions necessary in de- veloping from our colonies the most work, and accordingly lessens the amount of hon- ey gathered and stored. (5.) That when one or more supers have been filled sufficiently to require the addi- tion of another, it should be placed right between the brood and the honey already stored; and, as might be inferred, and which experiment proves true, the shallower the opening which we make for storage be- tween the brood and honey, the stronger the instinct of the bees to connect the brood by filling this space thu^ created between them. To illustrate this, let Fig. 4 represent a hive of which EFGH is the brood chamber, filled with brood to its very top EF. ABCD represents a surplus case that has been fill- ed sufficiently by the colony as to require the addition of an empty one CDFE, which, if everything is rightly arranged, can be ex- actly between the brood and the EFGH, and the honey ABDC. and the shallower the openin 2. rKrilJ ?opyof Successful Bee-Keeping, ^f z. mnchinson, I and our 1»97 catalf)K for a Z-ct. stamp, or a copy of the catalog for the asking. We make €• almost everything used by b. e-keepers, and sell at lowest prices. Our %. Falcon Polished Sections I are warranted superior to all others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made goods when you €) J can just as well have t lie BEST— such as vTo make ' c J THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a SO-ct. .%-page monthly now in its 7th © \ year. Sample free. .\d(iree8 W. T. FALCONER Mfg. CO., James town, N. Y. \, J ye 9©0 108 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW - iL^^'Our Prices \ are worth look- ing at We are makngthe new Champion Chaff Hive with dovetailed body and supers and a full line other Supplies, and we are selling them cheap. A postal sent for a price list may save you $ $ $ $. K. H.SCHMIDT & CO.. Box 187 Sheboygan, Wis. Please mention the Reuiew $$$$$$ We are headquarters for the Albino ©ees, the best in the world. If you are looking for the bees that gather tha most honey, and are the gentlest of all bees to handle, buy the Albino. I can furnish the Italian, but orders stand 50 to 1 in favor of the Albino. I manu- facture and furnish supplies generally. Send for circular. s. WAi:,E^nTinE, Hagerstown, Md. AT %l^\ Are lost in the bee yard by keeping ^^r poor old queens. Replace them early ■■ with vigorous young queens, and got ffl a crop of honey with very little I ^ swarming. I now have untested queens— either light or dark Italians — at 75 cts. ; six for $4.00; twelve for $7.50. Tested from $1.00 up. All queens guaranteed to reach your office safely and to be good queens, or re- placed free. Remit by money order. Write for free catalog and further particulars. J. B. CASE, PoPt OPange, pla. 1.97-tf Please mention the Reuiew. A Full Line 4-97-3t Please mention the Review. Of Bee Keepers' Supplies. Bees. Queens, Foondatiun, t-tc. Honey sold on oommiFsion and locations selecied. W . A. WEBSTER, 4-97-6t Pylema, Kern Co., Calif. Please mention the Review. WRITE U5 -. Before ordering your sections and w£ will give you BOTTOM PRICES on the loss" ONE-PIEGE SECIONS, 1 ][^^1F==IZU To be Hung. Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Smokers, Queen Cage?, and everything needed in the apiary. Warranted Italian queens 75 cts, each. Two frame nucleus, with a queen, $2 60. Send for catalog. DEANE8 & MINER, Ronda. N. C. ^/eustf mviition the Review. Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING (RATES and other Supplies. We have everything in tiptop order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. J. FORriCf^OOK & CO., Jau 1st, 1894. Watertown, Wis. ntian the Revie A Q II j7 To my customers and friends : I X \M I Please remember that W H. ^ ^J if I Laws is again headquarters for Italian queens. I breed nothing but lart;e, wcll-divoloped queens, either Golden or Leather-coli'reil. My Golden strain is from Doolittle's original ONE HU.^■DBED dollar queen sent me aftld-Blast Smokers Squa.re GIz^ss Hopey J&r?, Etc. For Circulars, :ip|)ly to ("has. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers. 1-97-tf Pleas mention the Peuiew QUEENS Smokers. Sections, Comb Fouuclation, Lnrt ull A|ii;liriin Supplle* >hPH|t. Si>i)i1 fur K. T. KI.A.N MIAN, UellpvMlp, 111, the Reuiew. ilfi MONEY IN POULTRY Bl OUR LARGE GUIDE for '97 just out. Soniethinc entirely new. 100 pages. Printed in finest colored work. Contains everything pertaining to Poul- try in full. PRICES REDUCED on 1st Prize Winners and tt;cs. Postpaid iOn receipt of 1.5 cents, i f jou write now. JOHH BAUSCEEB, Jr., Box 268 Freepoit.Ill. Pie mention the /»t;y THE BEE-KEEPERS' RtVIEW. 109 4i SESTIOMS 5EGTION5 4i Oar basiness is makiug sectious. We are located in the basswood belt of Wisconsin, therefore the material we use cannot be better. W^e have made the following prices : Mo. I 5now White* \ No. I Crcarp. 500 $1.2r) 1 5()0 1000 2,')0 \ lOUO 2000 4.75 ; 2000 3000 0.75 13000 $1.00 . 2.00 . 3.75 . 5 25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price List of Sections, Fonndation, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc,, Sent on Application. 2-97-8t A\ARSHFIEL.D A\FG CO., A\ar5bfiel^» Wis. Please mention the Review. One Cent •^•^••^■- • .*:■*. Invested in a postal card and ■i;,'i- addressed as below will get my is Large Illnstrated Catalcpe I/-jjf; of everything a bee keeper needs. •/SV fiet the A. I. Root (o's. goods of ji:;*' me and save freight. Send me a ?%:*: ^is* "f what you want and see "4?S what I can do for you. Beeswax y9-l\ hfuight or made up. M. H. HUHT. Bell Brancli, MM. /.•••••.■•w*.. •.•••.■?.•;•:•..•.■•■.■.•.•;•;•..■.■••.. •;;•:». ••••■..•.•;•.••• Pleaae mention the Heuiew •■•■■.: MFCt, CO. Ne-nr liondonr Wis ^J Page & Lyon |^ Nearness to pine and basswood for- C // C. ^'' ests, the possession of a saw mill and g'^ factory equiped with the best of ma- ^'-'^^■ chinery, and years of experience, all combine to enable this firm to far- J. nish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices ^j^ 1-97-tf C cM .1 on a full line of supplies. Please mention the Reuieio, Be5t 2ip four larger sizos hivf extra wid" shields ^nd double coiled steel wire handles. These shields and handl-s aronn amazing CM. mfort- always cool and clean. No more burnt fingers. All have all the new improvements-direct draft, b'-nt cau. wire haii'Hes. inverted b.-ljows, and are absolutely perfect. Before buying a smoker or a knife, hunt up its record and pe Icgree. T. F. BiriGHAA\, Fzirwell, A\icbis:ao. no THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViilW, SUPPLIES BEE-KEEPERS We A\aHe ihe Finest L-ine of ii7 the A\ArKet, Zipcl sell Tbern At Low Prices. Free Illujtrzited Czvtzvlogue zvpcl Price Lijt. G. B. LEWI5 CO., Wzvtertowp, Wi?. E. T. BBBOTT, 5t. -/05«Pb, A\o., 5«lls our Hives Anf the Review to send 118 their nameH on a pcstal, and wo will send tlicni our price list for Is!i7, We iiave all the up to date macliiuery for iiiannfactnrinK the one-piece section, and we make the tinest sec- tion at the lowest priee. Don't wait— write to day anil oblige the WAUZEKA SECTION CO. '.•7-tf ) Wauzeka. Wis. \iinr orders for_ Untested Queens Will be promptly filled l.y RETURN MAIL, at 7"» cits, each, or $S.(^) per doz. Tested, 411.00 ; sll.OO per doz. All of our queens are carefully bred from best Italian stock, and satisfaction is guaranteed on every order. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., Loreauville, La. 3-97-Ct Pleuse mention tin- Reuieui. Apiary and Home for Sale. If yon want a nice home, or a woll-equiped apiary, or both, in a fine and healthful climate, with Rood alfalra bee pasturage, located .50 miles from Denver, write us for particulars in rcKjird to our home and ai>iary at Loveland Colo. Will sell separate or all together. R. C. A K. AlKIN, l-!t6-tf. .Shambaugh, Iowa. »»»*»»»»»»^»»*»« I YOUR SPAKE TIME \ • * • .Men, women, to condmi Uiisiness at home. J i Work is simple writing iiinl copying lists of J • address^H received frntii l..cal advertising, to 1 i be forwarded to ns daily. No cinva.HKing; no ■ • previous experience reipiired, but plain wri- S ! terHl>referre., London. Ont ■ PATENT WIRED, COMB FOUKDATIOH HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. Thill, Flat Bottom Foniiilatioii HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Being the 1 ' ;iiest. it is usually worked i|iiirk. • ' lian any fdn. mal I SKN tk SONS, (sole m ^nufaotuhhrs), 1-93-tf Sprout Hrook, Mont. Co.,N.V QQQQaataiaataiuiaiiiQiQiiaiaiQiiaiaaaQiQQQ I Names of Bee - Keepers. I ia TYPE WRITTEN. Bj a M riraFiRCPiEpnipifispirircirSGICiPililiCiniCiBliaiB The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. Tiiero are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, 1 would furnish it to advertisers or others at 82.00 per thousand names. Tlie former i)rico was $2..50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. Arizona 17 Ark.... 100 Ala 80 (^alif. . 284 Colo 90 ('anada 846 ('Onn... 126 Dak 25 Del 18 Fla .... 71 Ga 56 Ind 6.38 ills WO Iowa. . 686 Ky... Kans. La... Mo... Minn. Mich. Mass. Md... Miss. N. Y. Neb.. N J.. N. H. N. (\ 144 226 . 38 .500 . 270 1,320 196 ...66 . 70 1,122 . 272 .. 130 .. 9,5 ...60 New Mex 22 Oregon 60 Ohio 1,000 Penn 645 R. 1 H.C.. Tenn Tex. Utah Vt... Va.. W. Va 118 Wash. 30 Wis 4.32 37 40 112 225 40 160 110 W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FUnt, Mich. No. 1 Sections $2.50perM, 5M$11..50. Berry Boxes, iiuarts, I Uallock ) in the flat, tf2..50 per M, made up, $3.25. Everything clirap in this line. Send for prices. W. D. SOI'Kli. Box 565, .Jackson, Mich. Early Queens. Tested Italian (pieens, at $1.(X) each, ready to mail .\pril Ist. They are good, prolific queens, bred from good stfick, and reared late in the Bimson of 1.H96. Untested queens in May, 75 cts. Can furnish either the golden, or the dark im- ported stock W. A. COMFTON, 2-97-3t Lynnville, Tenn. ;HC PEERLESS INCUBATOR . COMPANY TELL MOW TDGETIT MANDSOMt ILLUST. CATALOG. FREEQUIHCY ILL. )n the Review. 112 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, DAOANT'S FOUNDATION BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax— that from which all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of fodndatiou is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. ■ LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. D&DANT & SOH, HaitliltOII, IIIS. ^^ 4^96-l2t Please mention the Reuieu: ^_^^^^ 1^^ See That Wink ? Bee Supplies. Root's goods Jit Root's pricos. Poudf.b's HoNfcY Jars Prompt ser- vice. Low freight rates. Catalog free. WALTERS. POUDER, 162 Mass Ave., liuli.-inapolis, Ind., the only exclusive bee supply house *VI'H'^*^P0VDtR"5^/ in Iniliana. Please mention the Review. — If yon wish the best, low-flprice — TYPE - WRITER. Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he wonld be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machiDe. LISTEN! IISTSII! I have on hand about 40,000 strictly first - class, one - piece sections. For such sections, the leading dealers are asking from ^2:2't to .$'i..'>0 for a single 1,000, bnt I am anxious to turn these sections into money as soon as possible, and as long as any remain unsold I shall offer 1.000 sections, and the Review one year, for only $2.7"). W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Micii. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at tHe Review. T» • m.m and no one irpC 15 i*\OPCy, can he more Viusy than a boo man in a good honey tiow. Put tiiese two facts together and yon will see how a good automntic reversible ^^^^y BxtrZVCtOr may save its cost even in one season, and in an extrordin- ary flow may save luaoh more by enabling the operator to '■ get aronnd " fast enough so that no honey is lost for lack of room. Once you liave dociiied that it pays to save one handling of the combs each time yon extract, write to Van All^n &• Williavro^, Harnum, Wis. doalors in supplies, for a circular showing the superiority of their reversible, au- tomatic extractors, that reverse without stop- ping the machiut'. 4-97. St The Land of Honey, The Italy of America ! Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: .?ft5 E. 2nd St., Los Angeles, California. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 8W. 813. 815. 817 East 9th St.. New York. MAY, 1897. At Fliqt, Micl^igari. — Oqe Dollar a Year. 114 THE BEE~3:EEPERS' REVIEW. AlD\/EnTISirlG t^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Disconnts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. _ On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On ifO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Iiist. 1 will send the Review with— Gleanings, (new.i (81.00) .... $1.75 American Bee Journal. ... (new) ( l.Od) 1.75 Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) 1 .75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50)... - 1.35 American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1 .40 The Southland Queen ( 1.00) 1-75 Ohio Farmer ( l.OOi ... 1.75 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( ..ii') 1.10 Farm Poultry (1.00) ...1.75 Rural New Yorker . ..( 1.00), ... 1.85 Fr,ink Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . . 3.50 The (Century ( 4.00) 4.50 Michigan Farmer (1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer ( 1 *) ^•'^^ American Agriculturist (1.00) 1.75 Ladies' Home Journal (1.00) 1.75 The Independent (New York).. (3.00) 3.50 Ladies' World ( 40) 1.25 Country (lentleman ( 2.50) 3.15 Harper's Magazine (4,00). ... 4.10 Harper's Weekly ( 4 OO) 4.20 Youths' Co"ipanion (new) ('•75( ... . 2.35 Scribuefs Magazine ( 3.00) ..... 3.50 Cosmopolitan ( 1.00) 1.90 It will be noticefl that in order to Fecnre these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and the Youths' Comparion. the subscribers to these Journals must be NEW. If it i ■ any convenience, when sending in your renewal to the Review, to include your renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full price must be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, aii^ ; amber, 4H> to 5; beeswax, 26. HILDRETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN. May 14 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. WM. A. SELSER, 10 VINE ST.. PHILA.. PENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and beeswax. Bend samples. liiJij BEH} KEEPERS' REVIEW. 115 :© coHtHactioh Of the brood nest can be made very profitable if practiced in the rig-ht manner, with the rig-ht kind of hives and appliances, in the right locality and in the right time of the season. The reverse will prove true if mistakes are made. Your locality may be one in which contraction, if rightly managed, would put many dollars into your pocket. All of these points are fully described and explained in one of the chapters of Advanced Bee Cultuke. Besides this, the book contains 31 other chapters upon equall}^ important subjects. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. Expert Bcc-Keepers f-hould keep posted by reudiii*; a paper that is full of improve- ments, expects great ai)icultaral inventions, and pives them to the public. Such a paper is the Pacific Bee -Journal of Li)« Angeles, California. With the new year this pajjer will be an illustrated monthly at $1.00 a year. Special offer of 50 cents a year if paid before January 1897. 10-96-tf ^i Page «k Lyon \^ ^f^^{ New London, Wis '.*'*^<< Nearness to pine and basswood for- ests, the possession of a saw mill and factory equiped with the best of ma- chinery, and years of experience, all combine to ennble thif firm to fnr- ^_^ nish the beet goods at lowest prices. i& J Send for circniar, and see the prices ^J on a fnll line of supplies. 1.97-tf Plta$* mtntion the Realtm. Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices. Our specialty is Cook's ('omplote hive. i/. H. M COOK. 62 Cortland St., N. Y. City WARRANTED PURELY MATED, GOLDEN OR LEATHER COLORED Italian Queens. (Queens are healthy, hardy aud prolific. Bees are gentle and excellent workers. No disease of any kind in this locality. Dr. Gallup, who has tried queens from most of the leading breeders, speaks as follows : — 8.\NT.\ Anna, Calif., .Jan. ir». 1897. Mr Quirin— Perhaps you would like to hoar from the queen 1 got of you. The bees are a beautilnl golden yellow and extra good workers. They arn just tumbling over cts.; six for ^4.00. .-, '.17 at H. G. QUIRIN, Bellevue.Ohio. 116 THE BEE-KEEPERS REV, Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well known manu- facturers of musical instruments. Jno. ¥. Stratton & Son, of New York, and taking my Eay in masical merchandise. I have now on and a fine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius. " lied. French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price $2.50 The case is wood with curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3 50. This rnakes the entire outfit worth an even $20.00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerfnl, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell thisou'fit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can bo re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. Il Is Here. Theyear Us97 is hero and we are happy to in- form our friends and customers that we are bet- ter prepared than ever before to till your orders for queens and bees. We have the largest stock ever operated by us, and we mean to be ready with plenty of bees asd queens to fill all orders without delay that are sent us, Bees by ihe pound, $1.00; ten or more pounds. 90 cts. each. Untested queens for 1897, $1.00 each in Feb.. Mar., .\pr. and May ; $5.00 for six, or $9.00 per doz. For larger amounts write for prices. Have your orders booked for your early queens. Safe arrival guaranteed. Root's goods, Dadant's foundation, and Bing- ham smokers. A steam bee-hive factory, and all kinds of bee supplies. The Southlz^O^I Que^Of the only bee paper in the South, monthly, Sl.uO per year. Send fof catalog, which is almost a complete book on Southern bee-keeping, giving queen rearing in full, all free for the asking. If jou want full information about everything we liave, and the bee book, don't fail to at-k for our 1897 catalog. Tb« J^nry'i^ Atcbley Co., Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. G. M« liONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Review. ^yO/^M A/£0£L SkSOM. HldM MfLt.nO, 2-97-tf The A. 1. Root t'o's goods for sale. "lease mention thi> Reuieu: HDake Voup Own Hives. 3ee ^ Keepers Will save money by using- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making' their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue, W.F.& JNO. BARNES CO., .384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2-96-12 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 117 Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, hasacceoteda permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it. and I told him if he would have them 8hiv)ped to me I would sell tiiem for him on ct)mmis!^ion. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 2 M. Sections (G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Standard 2.00 1 Coil Wire 60 1 Expansion Bit 1.00 61 SectiOQ Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 10(1 Brood Cases ( New Htnldon ) at 2.5 68 Covers at 15 53 Bottom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boarils, Qaecn excluding at 15 2 E.scapo Boards at .25 pO Escapes at 15 7^ New Heddon combs at 05 50 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior ) at 25 .\11 of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well-made and nicely painted, and havinj^ been in use only two or three eoasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are aU straight and nice. Anyone wishincr to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. BEESWAX EXTRACTORS. The only extractor in till' world that will ex- tract all of the wax from ol^ Conqueror 3 Lnrtfe 21^ Plain 2 Little Wonder (wt. 10 oz ) 2 Honey Knife 6.00 For further description, send for circular. Dozen Each 813.00- mail. $1..50 9.00— , 6.50- 5.00- 4.75— 4.50— 1.10 1.00 90 70 60 80 T. F. Bir of an inch from the young queens' wings the second day after emerging from the cells. This natur- ally lessens their power or flight, placing them in a condition of the weaker ones, limiting them in time and distance of flight, which insures mating with home-drones. For further particulars of this method I would refer the reader to my article on " Mating of Queens " in the Jan. Review. The bee-keeper who follows the fore- going methods of seletion, breeding and mating of queens, cannot fail to notice a marked improvement after a period of several years, which, in the coarse of time, will become a fixed tyjie of excellence. My Apiary — A Plea for the Esthetical in Apicnlture. WM. F. CLARKE. Jackson, Mich. May 8. 18!>7. mms JL an Tlie next issue of the Review will contain an article from Isaac Lundy of Canada, tellin'j hoiu to secure ih awn combs during the white honey hari^est. is not ideal apiary. If it were, there would not be a tree in it from which you could not hive a swarm while standing comfortably on the ground. If I were planting a piece of land for an apiary I would set out only conifers, drawf fruit trees, and low growing shrubs like barberries, lilacs, and sumacs. The nearest I ever came to having an ideal apiary was on a piece of ground where I un- dertook to make a collection of hardy ever- greens. There were also fruit trees, many of which were dwarfs. In my experience the bees manifested a decided prefere ce for settling on the evergreens when they swarmed. This was very handy for the bee- keeper. In apiculture, as in theology, I am a her- etic, and do not pretend to follow the beat- en track. I believe in sugar honey and my right to produce it, although the law forbids my doing so, and I obey the law, under pro- test. I do not believe in the honey-extrac- tor, and think it has been, on the whole, a curse rather than a blessing to bee-keeping. The shortest, surest way, in my opinion, to get rid of adulteration is to raise only comb honey. If people do not want to chew wax it is easy to separate it from the liquid por- tion. Our best bee-keepers tell us they can raise eighty percent as much comb honey as they can extracted. If they do not extract until the honey is fully capped over and completely finished by the bees, I believe they can produce a larger proportion of comb honey than eighty per cent. I would not join an orgmizition formed for the special object of prosecuting adulterators. I have no sympathy with the spirit of pro- hibition as such. We have too much legal couipulsion in the world and too little mf)r- al suasion. Hut I started out to discuss my apiary, not adulteration and the prosecu- tion of adnlterators. 122 THE BEE-KEEPERS- REVIEW, Among other heterodox notions of mine. I believe in what may be called esthetic bee- keeping. There is very little of it in this country, but it abounds in England, and I am " Hinglish you know." Most of the apiaries I have seen are disorderly, rickety, tumble-down rookeries of places — a disfig- urement to this fair earth. The majority of bee-keepers have no eye for beauty. They "don't care for looks.". I do. English bee-books abound in fancy and ornamental hives. Mr. Heddon would denounce them as " unpractical. " That with him is the foulest of crimes in bee-keeping. But it is a libel on fancy and ornamental hives to call them unpractical. You may have a thoroughly practical hive interiorly, that is a thing of beauty exteriorly. English bee- books, like those of Neighbor, and Chesh- As people become more intelligent, we are going to have a class of bee-keepers who will keep a few colonies for their own use and pleasure, just as there are multitudes who cultivate a garden so as to raise their own small fruits and vegetables. No " boughten " fruits and vegetables taste so nice as those grown in your own garden. There are hosts of people who do not know the taste of a ripe strawberry, because they have only eaten those bought from fruiter- ers. These in order to stand carriage to market, must be plucked before they are ripe. Pears are the only fruit I know of that are improved by being gathered before they are ripe. Wrapped in tissue paper and laid in a bureau to ripen, they attain a per- fection of flavor they never reach on the tree. 1 want my strawberries gathered just ■WM. F. CLABKE, HIS DRIVING PONX AND APIABY. ire, furnish plans of hives that, with every convenience inside, are pretty outside. Why not ? " They are costly. " What if they are ? They pay in appearance, just as a beautiful house does for human beings to live in. I cannot go into argument on the subject, though I believe a nice hive pays in dollars and cents. If a hive costs sflO.OO we will say, and is good for 30 years, I do not consider it extravagant. before supper-time, dead ripe, and then they are good enough without being "smothered in cream" or buried in sugar. I think it is the same with honey. People who produce their own know what they are eating and can get the best which is none too good for a human stomach. But to " my apiary. " That hive which stands in the fore ground is labeled " Mansion of Industry " and surmounted l'±l±: HEE-KKEFERS REVIEW. 123 hy the Union Jack. It was made by the late William Suelgrt)vt« of \Voodstock, Out., a cabiuet -maker by tnulc, who took to boe- keepiug aud small fruit ^'rowing from love of out-door life. The " Mansion of Indus- try " has a history. It was shown with a stock of bees in it at the Philadelphia Cen- tenial in 1!S7(>. Some one offered Mr. Snel- grove s,">0 for it, but lie refused the bid. .\s he said to me. that price did not begin to pay him for his work ou it. It is a minia- ture brown stone mausiou, perfect in all its details. In IWR), Mr. Suelgrove advertised to sell out his apiary owing to advanced age and growing iutirmitics. I coveted the " Mansion, " but doubted if he would sell it for any price 1 would feel able to give, but thought I might Imy some of the cheaper hives. So I went up to Woodstock to see what I could do with him. I looked over the hives he had for sale, and finally asked if he would sell the "Mansion." " Well you know, " said he, " That is my chefiV oeavre, in plain English my master- piece, but I was offered slO for it the other day , and though I thought I would keep it, for I must have a hive or two of bees to keep me company, I have thought since 1 was a fool to refuse the offer. " " Well, '' I said, " you need be a fool no longer, I'll give you slO for it. " So the bargain was made. The other hives in view are of his make also. Every one of them is of cabmet maker workmanship, and must have been worth, wJiau new, ^"^ or §10 apiece. I bought 10 from him, and they averaged, including the "Mansion," ^4 each. Of course I bought them empty. The "Man- sion " has never failed to winter a stock of bees, in first class shape, during the six winters it has been in my possession. (Jf course, it stands out of doors, all the year round. The little building to tlie right is a sort of office in which I do my literary work all summer long. Back of the portion of the apiary that is in sight, I have an octagonal house apiary built souuwhat after the style of the one shown in Knot's A B C of Bee- Kee|>ing, but only one story in height. The pony shown in the picture is our pet Shet- land; ".Jessie the llower of Dumblaue. " She cost a big price for snch a dimiutive piece of horseflesh, ^ >;200 ) but money would not bny her now unless the sheriff was in chase of me. \N e have had her sev- en years. She was six when we got her, so we know her age to a dot. She is sound in wind, limb and eyesight, and has neither a blemish nor a fault that I know of. She carries myself and my wife around town with perfect ease, and we are neither of us light weights. She belongs to me in the forenoon, and to my wife in the afternoon. As soon as breakfast is over. I jog off to the apiary, about a mile distant, getting my mail on the way. * »n arrival at the apiary Jessie is turned out to kick up her heels and graze. Invariably, when let loose she takes a good roll, then eats grass until she is satis- fied, after which she usually has a " kick- up "and a short gallop on her own hook. After dinner she is at my wife's disposal, who drives around in a little low down gig, built especially for a lame old lady. Of course this is the summer programme. To day is the first of May, and the weather has been so backward that the programme has not started yet, this year. In this northern region there is not much of a bite of grass as yet and our base-burner is going in the house, pretty well checked off however, most of the time. GuELPH, Ont., May 1, 1897. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. iTF- LINE dropped made me say the oppo- l\ site of what was intended, about half way down the first column of page 14. Read " bees on Layeus frames will be slow to enter the supers, and bees on Dadant frames will be slow about extend- ing work sideways. " BlENENWIBTSCHAFTLICHES CeNTKALBLATT. — Very successful experiments, says H, Petersen, are being made in the " Berliner Chante" with two new germicides, the discoveries of two Berlin physicians. The effects in tuberculosis are extremely sooth- ing; whether curative or not will appear later. It is said that there are great hopes of the remedies, but it is desired to be ab- solutely sure before placing the matter be- fore the public. One of the substances, holzinol, is com[)osed of methyl alcohol which has absorbed (>0 percent, of " formal-, dehyd gas, " with a small addition of men- thol, and is to be evaporated in a special instrument in fixed quanities, according to the amount of sjiace in the apartment. By its use Herr Petersen sacceeded in reuiov- 124 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIJUW. ing every trace of mold from a room, though he lives iu a locality that seems to rival Florida for moisture; and fouud by ex- periment with a colouy of bees iu a closed room that it was not iu the least injurious to them. The other substance, sterisol, is a solution of milk sugar which has absorbed "formaldehyd. " The dose for persons is a small teaspoonful three times a day in milk. By sending I3I4 marks ( ^15. IG ) to Dr. Paul Rossenberg. Markgrafenstrasse 22 are 28, Berlin S. VV., Germany, one evap- orator, 50 pieces of fuel, 100 grammes holzinol and 300 grammes sterisol, may be procured for experiment. Herr Petersen strongly recommends experime iti ig with these substances on the diseases of bees. One application of holzinol appears to be enough to destroy all microbes it reaches. As usual, however, no allusion is made to the possible preservation of germs in honey. Free vinons acid has been discovered by Herr Reidenbach in brood combs, especial- ly old ones. It is abundant in brood food. Its source is said to be the glands in the head of the bee, and its office is to render cane sugar capable of assimilation by in- verting it. He thinks it is the cause of mold on brood combs when the hive is mois^ In a recent lawsuit, a bee-keeper was sentenced to .5 marks damages, with costs, for refusing to allow a swarm which had settled on one of his trees to be removed by the owner, and which had absconded during the dispute. In the sentence it was stated that an owner of bees always had a claim on them, even when they settle on another man's land. The opinion previously reported that the destruction of worker brood in the fall is as regular as drone brood, is opposed by Dr. Dzierzon, who contends it only happens when the Brood is already dead through the lowering of the temperatuie, and says it is certain that living worker brood is never re- moved from the cells. " I. B. " became impatient because one of his colonies delayed a long time in kill- ing oft its drones. So one afternoon du- ring a play-spell he took a stick and killed a few on the alighting board, upon which the workers at once took a hand in the slaugh- ter. By next day the drones were all killed. Cantor Otto gives several proofs in figures of surplus yield that Carniolans are much superior to blacks in his locality and adds that the Carniolans regalarly visit red clover, especially the second crop, and that the pe- riod during which Carniolans display Iheir superiority coincides with red clover bloom. Thirst in winter, says P. Neumann, who has kept bees :>•; years, is indicated by loud buzzing, and flying out of single bees, and is caused by candied honey : lack of stores is also indicated by the flying away of bees, and as a rule in this case they soar quickly aloft. The same authority was formerly of the opinion that frequent inspection in Spring was necessary to keep informed of the con- dition of his colonies. But noticing that the bees of a ne^r neighbor, in the same kind of hives, were always about 24 days ahead in their development, he restricted his spring visits to only what was absolutely necessary. Therefore his bees developed much better in spring. He now only in- spects these colonies suspected of queenless- ness. He is of the opinion that no queen should be carried over into the third winter, as such queens are often lost in winter. He utilizes rubbish on the bottom boards in spring by drying it, removing the dead bees by sifting, and kneading the remain- der to a ball in warm water. It is thus in handy shape for storing awav until melting- time. Elsass-LothringischebBienen-zuecatek. — There are now 88 bee-journals, of which li) are German. M. Metais says in the Revue Eclectique d' Apiculture, that he has seen silk obtained with honey as the principal ingredient. It is soft, and able to compete with the finest grades of silk. Vogel in his paper says all drones are not only capable of fertilizing a young queen, but all have the same value for that purpose. He distinguishes six kinds: those from eggs laid in drone-cells by a fertilized queen, as soon as preparations for swarming are be- gun; those from eggs laid by workers in drone cells, which cannot be distinguished from the first kind ; those from eggs laid by a drone-layi g queen in worker cells, in which case the cell walls are pressed side- ways, so that afterwards the cells appear rounded; those from eggs laid by worker bees in worker cells ( only when drone cells are not available in the brood nest) which, like the proceeding, are slender: those which are occasionally raised by queenless colo- nies in queen cells, and which are of nor- mal size; and " little drones, " raised in THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 125 cells not arched over hy the bees, but sealed Hat. These are seldom seen, because in most cases the woikirs become aware of this error and remove the larva. Leipzioek Bienkn/kituno. — N. Ludwig, who has lately publislied a pamphlet oppos- ing Gerstuiig's views, thinks the common opinion that a worker larva develops into a queen simply by a chimge of food, is wrong. Otherwise, a larva intended to be a queen should develop into a worker if fed with worker food, but this has never been observed. ( The obvious reply to this seems to be, that under ordinary circumstan- ces the bees never think of trying it; but how do we know that result would not follow if they did ? It is also hard to imagine how he would explain the circumstance that colo- nies made queenless often rear queens from larva- several days old, if not by a change of food.) Observations by Lndwig Thobe on an Italianized colony iu May showed that the young bees seldom carried in pollen, and then only in small pellets, while more than half of the old bees were carrying in large pellets, although they were 8 and 9 months old. This continued until the old bees died off, or nearly a month. The Ilgen hive has two entrances on each long side, exactly opposite each other. The colony in spring occupies one end of the hive and uses one entrance. When it swarms, the swarm is hived in the other end, and the hive turned end for end, so that all th« lli^htbees join the swarm. Towards the end of the season a tin partition in the mid- dle is removed, the old ame time. Thus the queens are renewed every year without in- crease. In the grand duchies of Mecklenburg and Schwerin, a foul-brood law is in force, by which bee-keepers are recompensed the full value of bees destroyed by a foul brood commi:=sion (throuyli ;i deputy ), and three- fourths of the value of hives and other be- longings, without regard to the diminution in value caused by the disease itself. To meet the expense, an appropriation of 1000 marks has been maile from the public treasnry to start with, and whenever neces- sary a tax will be levied on all colonies of the district alive on the ir»th of February. The warmth of a b< rs body is tixed some- what definitely by K. I'reos at Sljij' degrees F. He took obsevations on two sets of seven bees eacli with a specially prepared galvanometer. The junction of the two metals in the instrument, which under the influence of heat caused the electrical cur- rent, was formed into a sharp needle, just long enough to jab into a bee's thorax with- out going through. The temperature of the room was G8\ The individual bees varied very little in temperature from one another. A glass containing a few bees was heated to 1)932°, when the temperature of the only surviving bee was found to be 1).")°. Another glass with a few bees was cooled to 47%°. Three of these, after being warmed up enough to crawl, averaged 77°. More ex- tensive observations will be taken next sum- mer. The cold-blooded way in which all this is told is paralleled by the methods of some of our apiarists in finding out whether honey is being gathered, by killing and opening bees. We have all killed more bees accidently than we ever will in the cause of science, but it is worth thinking about whether this recklessness of life in the latter case does not strictly belong to a former stage of development. There are delicate instruments for measuring heat by radiation, so that it seems as if it ought to be possible to get a bee's temperature by comparison with inanimate objects of known temperature, without killing it. In the June Review, page 188, I spoke of honey being sold in France and Switzerland in the granulated state. I lately received word that a bee-keeper in south-western Colorado sold four tons of granulated hon- ey in the adjoining districts. Oaly three years ago not a pound could be sold there in that form; now, that bee-keeper can not produce enough to satisfy the home de- mand. The honey was put up in three and five lb. lard pails, holding five and seven and a half lbs. of honey. They were filled from the extractor and allowed to granulate. Then a neat label was put on, stating that all Colorado honey will granulate if pure, and giving instructions for liquefying. After this I am not going to believe that it does not pay to \ has suspended in- definitely. Mr. Heddou writes me that he has started a daily paper in connection with his weekly, and tliat it is taking all his time and energies; besides, he tinds that his special and proposed work in the line of bee literature is pretty well exhausted. He adds tliat he can and shall take up the re-publi- cation of the Quarterly when the exigenicies of the case seem to warrant. Fastening Foundation in sections by means of pressure has not been so success- ful with K. C. Aikin as has the heated plate plan. He says the pressure cuts the founda- tion too nearly in two. With the thin, flat- bottom style of foundation I have never had very good success by the heated plate plan — there did not seem to be surface enough in the edge of the foundation to make it adhere to the section. By laying the foun- dation down flat and pressing the edge with a Parker fastener there was no trouble in making it stay. With foundation having the natural shaped base to the cells I have had no trouble in making it stay when fastening it in by the heated plate plan. DEATH IS THINNING OUB BANKS. Scarcely a month goes by without some well-known member of our family ( of bee- keepers ) passing to the great beyond. Two Western women, Mrs. A. L. Hallenbeck and Mrs. J. N. Heater have recently passed awav. The former I knew only from her correspondence, but the papers say that she had been left a widow bm a short time when her death occured, and that a family of children is left for relatives to care for. At the World's fair I had the pleasure of see- ing the smiling and enthusiatic face of Mrs. Heater, and noting the happy, and proud look vhat came into her husband's eyes when they rested upon her face. And now comes news of the death of J. Van Deusen, the veteran foundation maker. His face has been often seen at the North American conventions, but I never had quite bo good an opportunity to become acquainted with him as at a two-weeks fair held in Detroit, nt which he was an exhibitor. In my mind's eye I can still see him a- he came stepping in every morning, so erect, so rosy looking, and so vigorous for one whose locks had been whitened by the snows of 80 winters. But, sooner or later, we all must go, and none of us will reach this advanced age with- out learning that " Into each life some rain must fall ; Some days must bo dark and dreary. " and it is best that we bear our burdens bravely, remembering that while our lot in life may seem the bitterest possible, it may not be so sad, after all, as that of our neighbor, behind who-e smiling mask we are unable to look. Let us be brave and do the best we can under all circumstances. The " Bee-Space " in bee hives is very severely condemned by a writer in the American Bee Journal. To it he attributes nearly all the ills that overtake bees in win- ter and spring. He says the loss of heat is the objection. The heat certainly does not escape out of the hive via. of the open top bars and bee space, and I very much doubt if there is any appreciable loss to the clus- ter as the result of the bee space. If there is, better use a sheet of enameled cloth over the frames in the winter and spring rather than attempt to handle bees in the summer with no spaces between the tops of the frames and the bottoms of the sections, or between the cases of sections. The mash- ing of bees and the plastering around of propolis that come about as the result of setting sections and frames right spat down on one another is something that no practi- cal bee-keeper could tolerate. " Bboilebs fob Pbofit " is the title of anew book by Michael K. Boyer, one of the editors of "Farm Poultry," probably the most successful poultry publication in this country. I take pleasure in recom- mending this book because it gives both sides of the business — the bad as well as the good. How often have we bee keepers dis- cussed the question of " What shall bee keepers do winters?" or "What pursuit can be managed in connection with bee- keeping?" By reading this new book I find that the man who embarks in the broiler buisness is compelled to ask, " AVhat shall I do in the summer ? " The raising of of broilers is not recommended as a sole occupation, but it is a splended winter's job. Bee keeping is a siilendid summer job, but in winter it furnisher* no work. Don't yon see that here are two occupations that would 12^ THE BEE-KEEPERS" REVIEW unite splendidly ? If you are at a Iobs as to what to do winters, read this book. The price is .50 cts. and it can be furnished from this office. It can be clubbed with the Review for $1 00. KEEPING LAYING QUEENS BEADY FOB THE It is an expensive proceeding for a queen breeder to keep a strong nucleus standing idle two or three weeks with a laying queen while he is waiting for a customer. I have often kept such queens in a small nucleus made of three ordinary 41^4 x 4I4 sections, a piece of queen-excluding metal over the entrance preventing the queen from leading off the bees, or following them off. I think that I have mentioned this plan before in the Review, and I not long ago wrote an article for the American Bee .Journal in which I described the plan in detail. Mr. F. L. Thompson now writes me that Mr. H. Rauchfnss of Colo, has been using the same arrangement for the past six years, with this variation, he has the bottoms of his nuclei covered with wire cloth and sets them over strong colonies of bees, thus in- suring an abu'idance of warmth, even with a smaller number of bees. He has six nuclei over each colony, and one year he averaged four fertilized queens from each nucleus. The cost of queen rearing is in getting them fertilized and laying and keeping them until they are wanted, and this plan greatly reduces the cost. GENUINE PBAISE, There was one little incident happened when I was away at the fairs last fall that I have several times been tempted to tell, but have not done so for fear that some of my readers would think that the telling was prompted by egotism, but I have decided to tell you that that isn^t the motive, and then tell the story, so that you may enjoy the situation. One afternoon, toward? evening, as most of the sight-seers had left the building, I was leaning against a pillar a little in front of my exhibit, looking at the show in a sort of admiring, speculative mood, when a young man came along and began talking with me about bees and bee-keeping, evi- dently taking me for a visitor. After talk- ing awhile he said : " I see that you are somewhat interested in bees, and I'll tell you of an article that you ought to read. It was in the Cosmopolitan a year or so ago. It was illustrated, and ran through two num- bers, and the man that wrote it not only knew something about bees but he knew how to tell it so that other folks could un- derstand it. Of course, I have read and heard a great deal about bees, but there were lots of things that I never really un- derstood until I read that article and looked at those pictures." And then he went on to tell me of some of the wonderful things that he had read there. By holding my tongue, except to thank him, I prevented us both from feeling very foolish and uncom- fortable, but I considered it the most genuine and disinterested compliment I ever received. don't BE HASTY. During my life I have received quite a number of letters the writers of which were evidently angry when they wrote them. I think that most of the hard things that these letters contained were wholly unde- served— perhaps all of them. I know that in many instances the writers have apologized after becoming fully conversant with all of the circumstances. I presume that nearly every business man sometimes gets a letter " blowing him up, " and in most of the in- stances he does not deserve it. The trouble is that the ones who write such letters are too hasty. They assume too much. They don't wait for an explanation, nor so much as ask for one. To illustrate : Last -Tan. I received a pro- position from a magazine to insert a small ad. in the Review and receive the magazine in return. As a rule, such offers are tossed into the waste basket, but I was pleased with the sample of the paper, and the offer came at the time of the year when advertis- ing in a bee journal is at its lowest, and I accepted the offer, put in an ad., sent a mark- ed copy of the Review and wrote asking that the magazine be sent for the year. In a few days I received a letter thanking me for my courtesy but regretting their inabil- ity to comply with my request to send the magazine. It's not often that I " get mad, " but when I read that letter I was " hot. " It was not the amount involved, V)ut it was the principle of the thing. I wrote a letter iuK BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. VIM iu which the language was highly parlia- mentary, but so trauspiireut that the feel- ings of the writer were plaiuly visible. By return mail came a letter explaining that the writer had to dictate from 200 to :!(X) letters per day, and the uuly way in which the task could be accomplished was by num- bering tiie letters and replies, and thronijh some slip the reply to my letter received a wrong number, hence I had received a re- ply intended for another man. Then follow- ed a few suggestions iu regard to allowing people to explain before condemning them etc. There are many instances when it is well to write very plainly to a man, to call things by their proper names, and to be out spoken, but all this can be done calmly, with no show of passion, aud it is certainly the proper thing to ask for an explanation before "pitching into " a man. A harsh letter does not hurt me as it did once, but it hurts yet, and I wish ttiat people would not write them to me until they know that I deserve them. «»^^*m«^»^M FBDIT GBOWEBS UNION. The American Bee Journal in a recent issue notices this Association, and speaks very favorably of it. It seems that the California Bee- Keepers' Exchange expects to try working in connection with this Union. All this reminds me that I had a visit last spring with a Mr \ oorheis of this State, who is a member of the Fruit Grow- ers' Union, aud he described to me the principle features of the or^'anization. To their sorrow, many growers of perish- able fruit, like berries, tomatoes, peaches, and the like, know that a glut in some mar- ket so reduces prices that the fruit does not sell for enough to pay ihy freight and com- mission. At the same liiue, within less than 200 miles, the same kinds of fruit maybe selling at good prices. The trouble is not that too mauy strawberries are raised, but that the distribution is unequal. They are often massed iu a few points. The grower writes to the coiiunission man aud receives a favorable reply. He ships his fruit: but hundreds of growers have done the same thing. The tendency is to ship to central points like Chieai: s or Cincinnati, and neglect the smaller towns. The great object of the Fruit Grower-' Union is to pre- vent this massing ci prodixts. It has agents scattered all over the United States, and these agents are constantly reporting to headquarters the condition of their respec- tive markets. In the case of perishable products, or whenever the occasion de- mands, the telegraph is freely used. Re- ports are also constantly being received in season regarding the condition of the crops. The (xijueral Manager knows, for instance, all through the strawberry season, where the berries are being grown, when they are jipeiiing, how they are " turning out, " etc. He also knows where they are being sent, and is promptly notified if there is any ten- dency towards a glut in any market, or if any market is needing more berries than it is receiving. When a grower is ready to ship, he notifies headquarters, by telegraph, saying how many berries he has, and is at once notified by telegraph where to send his berries. The Union has absolute con- trol of the product of its members, and so closely are the markets watched that a ship- ment is often diverted after it has been started. For instance, it started for Chica- go, but while on its way notice is received that there is a glut in Chicago, while Jack- son Michigan is " short. " By means of the telegraph the shipment that started for Chicago has its route changed to Jackson. Ten per cent of the proceeds are retained as commission, but at the end of a year ( I think it is ) if it has not cost ten per cent, then there is a rebate. In other words, a member has to pay only what it actually costs to sell his product, and he has the sat- isfaction of knowing that his product has been sold in what was, in all probability, the best possible market that he could have reached. I don't know whether the Bee-Keepers' Union will ever be able to do anything in this line, neither do 1 know whether the Fruit (irowers' Union could put honey upon their list and make it advantageous to all concerned, but it is worth thinking about. The year when I had my largest crop of honey I sent it to the New York market. In that m rket the quotations were some two or throe cents luL'lier than in other markets; but by the time that niy honey had arrived, that from a whole lot "f other fellows was there too, all after that two or three cents extra, aud down went the market two or three cents below tli.it of other cities. It does seem as though ttie Union might have an agent or correspondent in at least each 130 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVlE\/¥, of the leading markets, and that in the busy season a daily report could be mailed to the General Manager, and thus enable him to advise shippers. THE UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPEBS' UNION. As most of my readers know the amalga- mation of the Bee-Keepers' Union and the North Americans Bee-Keepers' Association was not effected, but the North American took such a step that whether this union was accomplished or not, what was origin- ally the North American would become the United States Bee-keepers' Union, having in view the accomplishment of objects that the old Union had failed to attempt. The name •' Union " was adopted with the hope and expectation that amalgamation would be effected. As soon as convenient after amalgamation was defeated, a General Man- ager and Board of Directors were appoint- ed, their choice being indicated by a vote of the members. The otiicers of the society are now as follows: President, Geo. W. York ; Vice President, E. Whitcomb ; Secretary, A. B. Mason : General Manager. Eugene Secor: Board of Directors, E. R. Root, E. T. Abbott, C. C. Miller, \V. Z. Hutchinson, E. Whitcomb andC. P. Dadant. The objects of the union are as follows : " Its objects shall be to promote and pro- tect the interests of its members ; to defend them in their lawful rights; to enforce laws against the adulteration of honey: to prose- cute dishonest honey-commission men: and to advance the pursuit of bee culture in general. " There never was a time when a bee-keep- er could spend a dollar more selfishly than by joining this Union. It is alive, progres- sive and aggressive, and ready to grapple with the bee-keeper's greatest foe, adulter- ation. Just this very day I have received from the chairman of the Board of Direc- tors the following : Medina, Ohio. May 7, 18'.)7. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Dear Sir — I believe the Board of Directors of tne United States Bee-Keepers' Union is a unit on one question: namely, that it should turn its attention to the question of securing pure food laws in every State as soon as possible. I believe foremost it should strike at Illinois, where the adulteration evil is the greatest, and where there is almost no law whatever to protect pure food. As chairman of the Board of Directors I am addressing a sim- ilar letter to every other member of the Board, and if this meets your approval, kindly communicate with the General Man- ager, Secor. Very truly yours, E. R. Root." Of course, the first step is the securing of proper laws against adulteration, and this cannot be done without some expense, and the time to send in your dollar is nniv, when it will do the most good that it ever will. Send it to Dr. A. B. Mason, Sta. B. Toledo, Ohio. In sending money orders make them payable at Sta. B. Toledo, Ohio. Making Honey Vinegar. A short time ago there appeared in the Review an article on this subject from the pen of C. P. Dadant. The article was cop- ied from the American Bse .Journal. Mr. E. Whitcomb of Nebraska now contributes some additional facts to Gleanings. They are as follows: — " On page 294 Mr. C. Davenport complains that honey vinegar eats or softens pickles. This is not necessarily the fault of the ma- terial of which the vinegar is made, but be- cause the vinegar is too strong. Vinegar made from any other material, and of double strength, will soften or eat pickles : and we think if Bro. Davenport will reduce his vinegar with water nearly a half, or to about forty-grain strength, he will not com- plain of its eating or softening pickles. One pound of honey ought to be sufficient to to make one gallon of good vinegar. How- ever, its strength is entirely regulated by the amount of material used: and it can be made of triple strength, or about ninety grains. Where an inferior or low-grade honey is used, the fluid, before it is finished, should be run about twice through a venera- tor, during which process it should pass through charcoal. I have been uuable to notice any material difference in the strength or flavor of vine- gar where the generator process is used. Of course, dark honey will make a darker- colored viuegar, while the lighter honey will rnake an article almost as clear as water. A honey-dealer in (Jutario wrote me, after the Lincoln convention last fall, in- quiring why we did not manufacture honey- vinegar, and thus create a market for low- grade honey. The vinegar of commerce doesn't cost, for the material there is in it, to exceed one cent per gallon, either made from corn or any of the cheap sirups, and sold on the market as pnro cider vinegar; and it can be made pure witliout any acids or adulterations at the above price, barring the labor of making it: or, in other words, the barrel costs more than the vinegar which it contains. There is no article of universal use in the household, upon which the general public have so little information as vinegar. The whole secret of vinegar-making quick- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 131 ly hinges upon how nuich you can expose the tlnid to the air at a temperature of sev- enty or more degrees of heat: and good vinegar may be made of eidar, honey, orsyr- np, within the space of L'l hours; and the rea- son that we can not make vinegar out of honey, and thus create a market for low grades of honey, is because no one will sell his honey for less than one cent per pound. If he did, honey vinegar would go into com- petiton with corn and syrup vinegars. This is not material with the man or wo- man who has a few pounds of inferior hon- ey which they desire to convert into vinegar. We would use one pound of honey to a gal- lon of soft water, setting in an open barrel, and covering with thin cloth to keep out in- sects and dirt; and after the barrel is lilled we would add a gallon of good yeast to every barrel, stirring up occasionally for the first three weeks, when the result will be very good vinegar. AVheii .*ufiQciently strong, draw off with a siphon, such as can be drawn without sediment, and make the second barrel in what is left in the barrel, and you will find that the second lot will oiake much quicker than the first. Of course, thestrengtli of the vinegar will be gauged entirely by the amount of honey nsed. Vinegar is an industrious fellow; but when he has used up all the materials yon have given him to work on he will stop ; nor will he stop until he has accomplished this. ' )f cour-'e. it rau=«t be tiorne in mind that a temperature of above 70 must be kept up, either by the sun's heat or by artificial means, daring the process of making. Value of Salt in the Apiary. Mr. Ira Barber of N. Y. writes thus to the •Vmerican Bee .Journal regarding the differ- ent uses to which salt may be put by the bee-keeper. " Having used salt for several years, for many things in caring for the bees and hon- ey, with such good results, is my excuse for offering it for publication. Salt is the best deodorizor for a cellar that I have ever found, as it leaves the cel- lar sweet and healthy for the bees. After the bees are out, and the liead taken irp, and everything not belonging there is taken out, then cover the cellar bottom all over with a ooatofsalt, a fourth-incli deep, or nearly that, and leave it there to dissolve. Two or three applications are sulVicient to cleanse the cellar, and make it as fresh and sweet as a cellar that is just built. \Vhere the floor of the cellar is wood, the suit will preserve the wood, and make a lasting job, and also a clean floor. .\gain, I use salt to tell me when the at- mosphere is too damp in tho room for ftie safety of my crop of hoiif-y, from .July to ()ctof)er. One or two smitl dishes of salt — a tea-saucer is all right are filled about two-thirds full of fine taMe-salt, and are placed on the nile of hoiH \ . and all I have to do is to keep the salt just the width and length of a separator, is bored as full of i'>-lG inch holes as the wood will stand and not split to pieces, and 5^4 inch strips are nailed across it. These are turned outside against the wall of the super, thus forming two bee-spaces in- stead of one. The bees cluster on both sides of the divider, and pass freely both ways 'SE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 133 throiiffh the holes, and the work goes right aloug in good shape. 1 tried a few with % inch holes, with sat- isfactory results. Notes. — Nothing is gained by giving more than two beo-suaces. Dividers made of slats \ inch apart leave the sections ridgy, reminding one of a min- iature washboard, and, bt. sides that, some brace-combs appear between the sections and divider. I coined the word " divider, "or, rather applied it to the new device. I hope it will do. This system is applicable to all kinds of hives, and the cost is a mere trifle only. I have no supplies for sale, nor have I any interest in that line of business. Free to all." It has always seemed to me that the de- lay in finishing outside sections came from the efforts of the bees to keep their work in a globular form as much as possible, but if this disposition can be overcome in the manner described, well and good, it certain- ly will not cost much to give it a trial. A Resume of the Deep-Cell Foundation Qnestion. Dr. Miller in an article in Gleanings al- most intimates that I have never tasted of butter that has been melted — that I am sim- ply drawing on my imagination. Often on a cold winter morning the butter is set near the stove to warm while the breakfast is being cooked. Sometimes the butter is forgotten or neglected and left until some of it is melted. After this butter has cool- ed I have often tasted of it: tried spreading it on bread and noticing how it would taste. I pity the one whose taste is such that no difference can be discovered between this "grease" and butter that has never been melted. I pity him as much as I do the one who cannot detect the " fish bone " in hon- ey when foundation has been used. Then there is a lot of talk about the mean- ing of the words "friable," "brittle," " fragile, " etc. The meaning in this con- nection is that naturally built comb easily breaks up into small [jartieles and mixes with our food when it is eaten. Comb foun- dation does not do this. It is tough. It sticks together and bends. It forms into a •' gob. " It is said that com!) does not break when filled with honey. That it is soft and bends. It makes no ditlerence whether comb is filled with honey t«« 500 1000 2000 3000 2 50 4.75 6.75 5(X). 1000 I.J f 2000 -■^ ^ 3000 $1.00 .200 . 3.75 . 5 25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price List of Sections, Foundation, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc,, Sent on Application. 2-97-M A\ARSHFIE1-D A\FG CO., A\2vr5bfielcl, Wis. nention the Review. r^lnn- Irrjproveelow will get my Large Illustrated Catalogue of evorytliinR a bee kei'per needs, (iet the .\. 1. Koot ( 'o's. fjroodet of me and save freiRht. Send me a list of what you wan' and see what 1 ran do for yoii. Beeswax bfniKht or made up. M. B. UUNT, Bell BraDCb, Hlcli. •vi^Vi.^ :^:i^;-:i .'■'M'.'^ii z^' > .•/•:Vi*:i?v» V flea90 mention tht h>-^'iem Send for free catalogue of BEE HIVES. Improveer dozen. W. H. PRIDGEN, Creek, Warren Co.. N. C. ( Money Order oflice, Warrenton.) 5-97-tf 25 to 50 lbs, each i of thin. surplus COMB FOUNDATION of the leading makes, such .is the Koot. Dadnnt, Van Densen and Wci~-. 'Iiatl offer for sale at 50 cents a pound. It i:-all freshly made. W, Z. HIT' III N80N. Flint, Mich. 136 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEV\/ SUPPLIES We A\zvHe the Finest Line of in the AVzirKet, z^n^l sell Tbern At Low Prices. Free Illu^trzited Czvtzvlogue 2vn«J Price Li^t. G. B. LEWI5 CO.^ Wzitertown, Wi?. E. T. BBBOTT, 5t. Jo5 extra pair of pants, $2.98 * TlT!se Suits are GU ARANTEHD to be made from imported 1Vo:>! Cheviot, in Black. Blue, Grey, and lirown, in sizes from 5 to 9 years of age. Kace up double-breasted, with Sailor O'li.-— Collar fancy embf. nirred — lined with last Black Albert Twill Sateen and Patent V.';r.„t Cands. Trimming and Work- inap.jhip the very best. Srine in Sizes for ages lo to 15 years, without Sailor Collar. See Pattern's Below. {MAN'S I SACt< SUiTJ A CUSTOM MADE TO ORDER 117.50 Guaranteed to be made from All Wool, Fancy Brown, Gray. Black, or Blue vN'orsled Corded Cheviot, made in latest 3slyle, lined with Imported Farmer Satin, trimmed and finished in the best of Custom Tailor manner. You cannot duplicate it in your town for §16.00. Sizes 34 to 42. The same goods made for Youth's, 13C OfJ to 18, in Long Pants, Coat and Vest, "• ^" How to measure for Men's and Youths Suits Measure around the Breast and Waist over the Vest, and from Crotch to Heel for Pants. We Pay Ex- press Char- ges, and should you not feel satis- fied will refund the money. o» Remember .0 You buy -C direct from one of the largest Clo- thing Manu- ti facturers in America. ^ I'llJL BEL-KEEPERS- REVIEW. 137 r yOur Prices 4-97 12 aro wortli look- xna at We are inakiii^the now Champlou Chaff Hive with (lovetailcil body anil supers and a full line other Supplies, and we are selling them riiE.vp. A postal sent for a price list in.iv save you $ J $ $. \\. H.SC HMIDT&CO.. Box 187 Sheboygan, Wis. Please mention the Reuieu/ We are heailquarterB for the Albino ©ees, the beet in the world. If you are looking for the bees that gather th3 most honey, and aro the gentlest of all bees to handle, buy the Albino. I can furnish the Italian, but orders stand 50 to 1 in favor of the Albino. I manu- facture and furnish supplies generally. Send for circular. S. WAIz^EHTinE, 4 'J7-3t Hageretown, Md^ f^hase mention the Review. WRITE U5 -^ Before orderinj^ your sections and wc will give you BOTTOM PRICES on "BOSS" " ONE-PIECE 8ECI0NS, Al8<, 1). T. HIVES, SHIPPING (URATES and other Supplies. Wo have everything in tiptop order, and can till orders on short notice. Let us hear from yon for prices. J. FORNCROOK & CO., Jai. \Ht. 1894. Watertown, Wis. Please mention the Reijiew A O II ry To my ru-iciiners and friends: I X VJ I Pleaw r.-m.-mber that W H. J^ yj if I Laws is a^.'iin liead'jiiarters for Italian (iiifiTis. I breed nothing but large, well-developed ijneens, either (iolden or Leather-cohired. My (iolden stmin is from I)); six for Jt..TO. Tested, Sl.2.->. Br h-rs, %i to $4. Ad- dress 4 avtf W. H. LAWS. I-ivHcaSeb. Co.. Ark. QUEENS Smokers. Sections, Comb Foundation, tnil mil Apialran Suppllea 'hi-ap. Si-nil for M.ANtt.AN, Iklli-tnir, III. t Review. $$$$$$ %M\ Are lost in tlie bee yard by keeping ^F poor old queens. Replace them e.\rly ■■ with vigorous young queens, and get fl a crop of honey with very little I ^ swarming. I now have untested queens— either light or dark Italians— at 7.5 cte. ; six for $3. ,50 ; twelve for $6.50. Tested from 81.00 up. All queens guaranteed to reach your ofHce safely and to be good queens, or re- placed free. Remit by money order. Write for free catalog and further particulars. J. B. CRSE, Popt Ofange, pla. 1~97-'f Please mention the Review, A Full Line Of Bee Keepers' Supplies, Queens, and Bees, Apiaries handled on commission and loca- tions selec ed. Honey for sale in car lots. 4-97-6t W. A. WEBSTER, Pylema, Calif. Pleas ention the Reuieiv. Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Smokers, Queen Cages, and everything needed in the apiary. Warranted Italian queens 75 cts, each. Two frame nucleus, with a queen, $2 60. Send for catalog. DEANE8 & MINER, Ronda. N. C. Phase mention the Reuiew. To be Hung. Our shingle is now hung out, notifying the public that we are again ready to ship the finest and best 5-banded and 3-banded Italian queens that are offered for sale in .America ; also silver gray ( 'arniolans. Untested queens, .50 cts. each ; tested, 75 cts. Write for catalog of bee supplies. :3-97-tf C. B. BANKSTON, Chriesman, Tex. Please men., on the Review. Muth's : lONEY EXTRACTOR PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers Squ&re 6I&SS Honey J^r^, Etc. For Circulars, apply to (;ha8. F. Mdth & Son Cor. Free'man & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Pr;ictical Hints to BeoKiH.'pors. 1-97-tf Please mention the Reuieui Bee? & Queeps For side. C^ucens j^l '"> each. Bees by the lb. 81.00. One frame niirh'usand queen, 82.00; two- frame nucleus and queen, S2..50. Barred and white Plymouth Rock eggs for hatching, 81.00 for 15. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, .5-97-3t Swart R, Penn, 138 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW, The "fiynsville" Smoker The above cut shows the "HIGGINS- VILLE " Smoker. Fig. 2 shows the nozzle thrown back for filling. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draft. 1^^ "The 'PligKinsville' Smoker isa dandywith a big D " J. M Morse. Holdeu. Mo. 1^~ Price of smokers, 7oc ; 3 for $1.80; by mail add 25c each for postage. Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. *LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Plea?" mention *he Reuieiv Franklin House <'(ir l',;itcs;ui(l hiiriioi'. sts Very central. Elevator f,i'tvi cess ( no dipping b jards used ) which re- S 5 suits in a superior article -one that can't C J bo surpassed The best goods are none too S 1 good, and the lowest prices none too low for , % tlieso times, and I can furnish both, not only 5 % in foundation but a fall lino of beekeepers' t I SUPPLIES. I ? Send for a catalogue and be your own jndge. J i Wax wanted at 26 c cash or 29 c in trade, de- j ( livered. AUGUST WEISS, ! ( 4 97-10-t Hortonville, Wis. J «^««rfH«H <«.«^«.^*«'» »".^'W«.«'^ ^"^^i"^** « »« » « "^'^^i^^ *.» It"*^*' Please mention the Reuieui. W £, IS ?■ o o 5P 2 S g -^ c g n a, t^ a •^ ^. >° S. CO 2 S w- ss 03 a CO CD CD 2. B a> ,_, FREE Successful Bee- Keeping, A copy of by € W. Z. Hutchinson, C and our 1S97 catalog for a 2-ct. stamp, or a copy of the catalog for the asking. We make C' almost overyti ing used by bee-keepers, and sell at lowest prices. Our #) Falcon Polished Sections o ' are warranted superior to all others. Don't b\iy cheaply and roughly made goods wlion you. C f^ can just as well have the HESl'— such as we make. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a 50-ct, 36-page monthly now in its 7th r. Sample free. .Vddrees "W. T. FALCONER Mfg. CO., James ' own, N. Y. 3©©^e©®©©'W?>?9O©6©0©^''^®©©O*?>ni our price list fi>r 1897. We have all the up to-date machinery for manufacturing the one-piece section, and we make the finest sec- tion at the lowest price. Don't wait— write to day and oblige the WAUZERA SECTION CO. 2-97-tf ) Wauzeka. Wis. Your orders for_ Untested Queens Will be promptly filled by RETURN MAIL, at 7."> cts. each, or $8.(K) per doz. Tested, $1.00 ; .^11.00 per doz. All of our queens are carefully bred from best Italian stock, and satii^faction ia guaranteed on every order. J. W. K. SHAW& CO., Loreauville, La. 3-97-6t Please mention the Reuiew. Apiir/ and Horn for Sale. If you want a nice home, or a woll-equiped apiary, or both, in a fine and healthful climate, with good alfalfa bee pasturase, located 50 miles from Denver, write iis for particulars in regard to our home and apiary at Loveland ("olo. Will sell separate or all together. R. C.& K. AlKIN, l-9t5-tf. Shambaugh, Iowa. :; YOUR SPAIiE TIME | * .Men, women, to conduct business at home. ! ! Work is simple writing ami copyiu*,' lists of J » addresses received from local advertisins. to ! i be forw'irded to ns daily. No canvassing; no J i previf)U8 experience reiimred, but plain wri- 1 i ters preferred. Fennanent work to those con- J m tent to earn ffior mf)re wtM'kly in sprire time. S K .\pply to Wakiien Pun. I o., London. Ont J PATENT WIRED, COMB FODSDATIOH HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. TMih Flat Bottom FoQUdatiou HAS NOFISHBOSE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Ueing the il. iiiieet. it is usually worked quick'T tlian any fdn. made. J. VAN OKISEN & SONS, (BOLE M \NUFA0TUBEB8), l-itS-tf Sprout H rook, Mont. Co.,N.Y QQQQQiaQiiaiaiaaQiaQfiaiQQQiaQEaiiaaiiiQQi I Names of Bee - Keepers. I ia TYPE WRITTEN. B ia - m CiCIPlEECiEraBEriCilSPiraCiEIEHHISElBiEiCBl The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand names. The former price was $2,50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. Arizona 17 Ark.... 100 Ala 80 Calif. . 284 Colo 90 {'anada 846 C'onn. .. 126 Dak 25 Del 18 Fla .... 71 Ga 56 Ind 6.38 Ills POO Iowa. . 686 Ky.... 144 Kans.. 226 La 38 Mo ... . 500 Minn.. 270 Mich.. 1,320 Mass.. 196 Md 66 Miss ... 70 N. Y.. 1,122 Neb.... 272 N. J.... 130 N. H.... 95 N. C. ... 60 New Mex 22 Oregon 60 Ohio 1,000 Penn 645 R.l 37 8.C 40 Tenn 112 Tex 225 Utah 40 Vt 160 Va 110 W. Va 118 Wash 30 Wis. 432 W.Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. No. 1 Sections $2.50per M. 5M$11..50. Berry Boxes, quarts, ( Hallock ) in the flat, $2..')0 per M, made up, $3.25. Everything cheap in this line. Send for prices. W. D. 80PER, Box 565, Jackson, Mich. Untested ITALIAN QUEENS, From aelect stock, either golden or d^rk impor- ted, now ready to mail, at 66 cts; ^ doz., $3.50; one dez., $6.50 ; two or more doz., $6.00 per doz. Tested queens, 75 cts. each. 2-97-tf W. A. COMPTON, LynnviUe, Tenn. fleaae mention the fieuiew* ^CPCERLC55 INCUBATOR . COMPANY TELL MOW TOGETIT HAHDSOMt ILLUST.CAT/)LOG. "FREEQuihcv ill. J 40 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. OAOANT'S FOUNDATION BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Has no superior beoaase it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, '.vithout the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HaiHiltOtl, lilS. ^^ •^1 ^^^^^^^ 4~96-l2t Please mention the Reuieur. ^^^^^^k |^^ I PoviOtfi'^)* See That Wink ? Ree Supplies. Roofs so'ds at Root's prices. Fodder's Honily Jars Prompt ser- vice. Low freight rates. Catalog free. WALTER S. POUDER, 162 Mass Ave., Lulianapolis, Ind., tlie only exciasive bee supply house in Indiana. Please mention the Heuieio. — If you wish tlic best, low-dprice — TYRE - WRITER. Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, ta'feen in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. LISTEN! [ISTEII! I have on hand about 40,000 strictly first - class, one - piece sections. For such sections, the leading dealers are asking from ^2.25 to !?2.r>0 for a single 1,000, but I am anxious to turn these sections into money as soon as possible, and as long as any remain ansold I shall ofifer 1.000 sections, and the Review one year, for only $2.75. LHUTGHINSON, Flint, Mich. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Dcqe at the Review. inr^e I^ r^OnCy, can he more busy than a bee man in a good honey flow. Put these two facts together and you will see how a good antom) . ... 4.10 Harpers Weekly (4 00) 4.20 Youths' CoMipanion (new) ('.75( ... .2.35 Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.00) 3 50 Cosmopolitan ( 1.00) 1.90 It will be notice I that in order to pecare these rates on Gleanings, American Bee .Jour- nal and the Youths' Companion, the subscribers t.o these Journals niustbe NEW. If it i^ any convenience, when sending in your renewal to the Review, to include your renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full price mast be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all foursidoH; both wood and comb \in8oih>e classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there wiU be " fancy white," N..O. 1 dark," etc. KANSAS CITY, Mo.-We quote as follows : No. 1 white. 12 to 13: fancy amber. 11 to 12; No. 1 amber, 10 to 11 ; fancy d irk, 9 to 10; No 1 dark, 7 to 8; white extracted, 41.^ ta 5 ; amber, 4 to A\<> ; dark, 2% to 4 ; beeswax, 25. C. C. (^LEMONS CO., May 14. 521 Walnut St. Kansas Citv Mo. CHICAGO, 111.— Dark extracted is of slow sale, but all oilier grades find ready sale. Wo can effect sales at the following pricrs : Fancy white, 14; No. 1 white, 12; fancy amber, 10; fancy dark, S ; white, extracted, 6: amber, 5; dark, 4 ; beeswax, 25. 8. T. FISH & CO., May. 13. 189 So Water St , Chicago, lU. (LEVEL VND, OHIO.-Wo quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 12"^; No. 1 wliite, 11; fancy amber, 8 to 9; fancy dark, 7 to 1% ; white extract- ed, 6 ; beeswax, 28 to 30. A. B. WILLIAMS & CO., May 14. SO & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. CHICAGO, III.— The market is cleaned up on comb honey, and in good shape for the new crop, some of which will be offered in June. We quote as follows : Fancy wnite, 13; No. 1 white, 11 ; fancy amber, 10; No. 1 amber, 7 ; fancy dark, 8; No. 1 dark. 7 ; white extracttd, 5 to 7 ; amber, 5 to 6 ; dark, 4 to 4}^. Beeswax, 27. H. A. BURNETT i CO., May 13. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, lU. BUFFALO, N. Y.— The season is about over, and we advise the cleaning up of all stock at once. We quote as follows : tancy white, 10 to 11; No. 1 white, 9 to 10 ; fancy amber, 8 to 9 ; No. 1 amber, 7 to 8; No. 1 dark, 6 to 8; white ex- tracted, 5 to 6 ; amber, IJ^ to 5 ; daik, 4 to 414 ; beeswax, 25 to 28. BATTERSON & CO., May 14. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo. N. Y. NEW YORK, N. Y.-Comb honey is well cleaned up, and demand about over. New southern extracted is beginning to arrive and finds ready sale. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 10 to 11 : No. 1. white, 9 to 10 ; fancy amber, 9cent8;No 1. amber, 8; fancy dark, 614 ; No. 1. dark. 6 ; white, extracted, 5 to .51^ ; amber, 4^ to 5; beeswax. 2ti, HILDRETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN, May 14 120 &, 122 West Broadway New York. NEW YORK. N. Y.-The demand for honey has fallen off considerably in the last few weeks although there in some call for buckwheat comb and fancy white clover. Supply is light for both honey and wax, but there is good demand for the latter and the price has advanced in the last week. We ( 1 note as follows : Fancy white, 10; No. 1 white, 9; fancy iimber, 8; No. 1 amber, 7 ; fancy dark, 7 ; No. 1 dark, G; White extract- ed. .5^; amber, 5'4; dark. 3V^ ; beeswax, ^61^ to 27'/2. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT&CO., May 29, W.Broadway, Fianklin & Vaaick Sts. WM. A. SELSER. JO VINE ST., RHILA., PENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted houey and beeswax. Bend samples. rUJL UEh-KlLEPERS REVIEW W6 '3 li ® ® COflTt^ACTIOH Of the brood nest can be made very profitable if practiced in the rig-ht manner, with the rigfht kind of hives and appliances, in the rig^ht locality and in the right time of the season. The reverse will prove true if mistakes are made. Your locality may be one in which contraction, if* rightly manag-ed, would put many dollars into your pocket. All of these points are fully described and explained in one of the chapters of Advanced Bee Culture. Besides this, the book contains 31 other chapters upon equally important subjects. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HtlTCHlNSOH, Flint, JVIich. ® Expert Bce-Kcepcrs sliould keep posted by rfiiclin^; :i paper that is full of improve- inonte, expects great apicultural inventions, and gives them to the public. Such a paper is the Pzicific Bee-Jouro2il of Los Angeles, California. With the new year this paper will be an illustrated monthly at $1.00 a year. Special offer of 50 cents a year if paid before January 1897. 10-96-tf \y Ni£ Page & Lyon f^ \\ \ S MK(i r.K * Y - - /i"^": New London, Wig ;***^t Nearness to pine and basBWood for- C ests. the possession of h hhw mill and factory p is running over with bees, and I have taken one finished super, sever- al tliat were partly full, and there are tiiree on the hive now— the top one sealed. Single queen, 7'> cts.: six for $4.00. 5 'J7 .5t H. G. QUIRIN, Bellevue,Ohio 144 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV. Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well-known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. Stratton & Son. of New York, and taking my pay in musical merchandise. I have now on hand a fine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius, " lied, French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price S2.50 The case is wood'with curved top, varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3.50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20.00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell 'his ou' fit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. M. IjONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- " ' • • • • " '101 Is Here The year 1S07 is here and we are happy to in- form our friends and customers that we are bet- ter prepared than ever before to fill y<>ur orders for queens and bees. We have the largest stock ever operaied by us, and we mean to be ready with plenty of bees and queens to fill all orders without delay that are sent us, Bees by the iiound, $1.00; ten or more pounds. 90 cts. each. Untested queens for 1897, $1.00 each in Feb., Mar.. Apr. and May ; $5.0(1 for six, or $9.00 per doz. For larger amounts write for prices. Have your orders booked for your early queens. Safe arrival guaranteed. Root's goods, Dadant's foundation, and Bing- ham smokers. A steam bee- hive factory, and all kinds of bee supplies. The Soutblz^O^ Que^Hj fhe only bee paper in the South, monthly, SJ.UU per year. Send fof catalog, which is almost a complete book on Soutliern bee-keeping, giving queen rearing in full, all free for the asking. If you want full information about everything we have, and the bee Ixiok, don't fail to ask for our 1897 catalog. Tb? J^oni? Atcblcy Co., Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. f acturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. *^JA Send for circular. 1-96-6 2-97 Please mention the Reutew. '<'^ ^OM/v /v£0£L etso/v. HiaMf//i.i,no. -tf The A. 1. Root Co's goods for sale. ^tease mention the Reuieiu. jRr)ake Voup Own Hives. 3ee ^ Keepers Will save money by using- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JKO.B&RNESCO., 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2-96-12 r /^.^^ — m THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 145 Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brocksville, Ohio, haeaccoDted a permanent pt)8ition in Arizona, and wiehoe to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 2 M. Sections ( G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Standard 2.00 1 Coil Wire 60 1 Expansion Bit 1.00 61 .Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 100 Brood Cases ( New Heddon ) at .2f> 6'^ Covers at 15 53 B)ttom Boards at 10 h'i Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 2 Escape Boards at 25 rO Escapes at 15 7'-i0 New Heddon combs at 05 50 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at 25 .\11 of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well-made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practically asjfoodasnew. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Anyone wishinsr to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. BEESWAX EnHiGTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam. Send for dcsrriplivc, illustrated cata- logue to C. Q. FERRIS, 4-96 tf South Columbia. N. Y. .''.vuor 'f'vntlvn tf'« fiftl/iuW. MINNESOTA ST. PAUL AND MANKATO. ^ IT 5 I am conceited enough to think my many 3 i friends in the Northwest will be glad to » I know that in addition to Italian (jueens and J 5 bees, I now have a very large and complete % i stock of bee-keepers' supplies. My catalogue 5 € for a postal. 5 per cent discount in Febru- ■ J ary. Address all letters to g i JOS. H. BOIiTON, I I MANKATO, 5 l-67-6t Minn. \ k c Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succeeded in buying all the bees within 2% miles of my home apiary. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty years' experience in breeding and experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and I now breed "for business " from my own importations. Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single story, 8-frame, D. T. hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, $27.50 ; 10 colonies, $.50.00; one frame nucleus, $1,C0; two frame, $1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested qijja, 2.00. Select tested qUBen. $3 00. After May 1st. one tested tiueen, $1 .50; 3 for $4.00; 6 for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their being roared, one for $1 00 ; .3 for $2. 25; 6 for $4 00; 12 for S6.75. 2-95 12 JOHn A\. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. -If you are going to — BUY A BUZZ-SAW, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a now Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Best on Earth. 19 Years Without a Complaint, BINOMAU Bee Smoker f largest ^ (.smoker madej Dozen Each Smoke Engine Doctor : :. .314 Coni{;ued three req- uisites as coiisti- tutiufjthe cause of swarming. I quote from page 189. " The comhs mast be crowded with bees; they mnst contiain a numerous brood advancing from the egg to maturity; the bees must be obtaining honey either by be- ing fed or from the flowers. Being crowd- ed with bees in a scarce time of honey is in- sufficient to bring out the swarm, neither is an abundance sufficient witliout the bees and the brood. The period tliat all these requisite* happen togcllier, and remain long enough, will vary with different stocks, and many times do not happen at all through the season, with some." I cannot refrain here from giving expres- sion to the wonderful accuracy of Mr. Quin- by'a investigations. In discovering the three recjuisites he was unaided by the mov- able comb hive. With the advantages of movable combs other minor factors present themselves to the investigating mind. By careful and comparative investigation with a number of swarming colonies, we find certain factors, although trivial in themselves, entering into, and constituting a force bending to a common end — swarm- ing. Although it is generally conceded that the three factors given by Quinby, are the req- uisites which induce swarming, I shall name one as the prime cause, with factors which I shall hereinafter refer to, acting in conjunction, constituting a force to hasten or retard the impulse, proportiouly us they are present. I will here state for the benefit of those concerned that all my experiments the last five or six years have been based upon the foregoing fact. The first or prime cause of swarming is, bees. As Mr. Quinby gave it, a crowded condition. All the other factors may be present, but without a crowded condition, no swarms will be forthcoming. Of all the adjunct requisites, a honey yield is the strongest factor, and with the natural in- crease of maturing l)ces, which tends to a crowded condition, a large brood is usual- ly present. Still, with a crowded condition, although the flowers may yield no nectar, swarms will occasionally issue, which is evidence that an aljundance of bees consti- tutes the strongest or prime factor. A crowded condition renders their abode some- what untenantable, and it also interferes with the duties of the queen. 148 TBE BEE-KEEPF.RS' EEVIj^j'a It is a well known fact that temperature is an important factor in infiueuciutj the swarmintr impube. A number of colonies located in a pent up atmosphere, subjected to the burning rays of the sun, will swarm much sooner than a like number equally strong, but protected by shade. Ventilation also governs largely in the matter; and its necessity becomes more apparent with hives exposed to the sun's rays than otherwise. In a previous article under ./he head •** Drones as a factor in swarming, " I al- luded to my experiments with artificial comb, by which I proved them to be a fac- tor in swarming; they being necessary in reproduction. In numerous experiments I have also found that a removal of the combs contain- ing pollen retarded swarming. This I have proved by comparison with an equal num- ber of colonies from which the pollen was not removed. As already alluded to, honey is undoubted- ly the strongest factor influencing the crowd- ed condition. With combs well supplied, a failure in the sources will not always pre- vent the issue of swarms. This is particu- larly true when colonies have been confined to the hives by unfavorable weather after a good honey flow. We frequently see swarms issue a week or ten days following fruit bloom, when they have been confined by cold or rainy weather. Having begun prep- arations under the influence of a honey yield, an intensely crowded condition by reaeon of confinement, during which time a failure of the honey yield is not realized by the colony, swarming is almost certain to occur when honey is plentiful in the hive. With an aggregation of colonies under the control of man, we also find another factor which does not present itself where colonies are isolated as in a state of nature. I refer to the swarming impulse as being contagious. I have known it (o manifest itself under certain circumstanci s aid in certain season favoring the circumstances to an excessive degree. These circumstan- ces include some of the factors alre;idy named, such as heat, want of ventilatif)u, honey yield etc. This contagion spreads by reason of bees entering neighboring hives. We find another factor in the inherent tendency, or sensitiveness of some col:uies to the foregoing factors. The Carniolans are a notable example of a variety in which both bees and queens are extremly nervous, and suscepti^)le to outside influences. I have already intimated that the ^ueen is impeded in her work of laying by reason of a crowded condition of the colony. It is barely possible that queen cells are then constructed under circumstances similar to supersedere; the queen being unable to fulfill the requirements of the colony. I have frequently observed many empty por- tions of comb cells under such circumstan- ces. I have also noticed that swarming frequently takes place in case of supersed- ure, when the colonies are overflowing with bees. In such case the queen is liable to succumb the following winter. I had ^uch an occurrence the past season. As a summary we have as the prime cause of swarming — Bees; and some eight or nine factors. Temperature, ventilation, drones, pollen, honey, the influence of a honey yield extending into a failure of the honey sources, the swarming impulse, the in- herent tendency, and lastly, that under the circumstances of supersedure. With a crowded condition, one or more of these factors influence the issue of swarms proportionally as they are present. Jackson, Mich. June 2, 18!)7. Cellar Wintering; Securing Drawn Combs for the White Honey Harvest: Bee Escapes. ISAAC LUNDY, M Y api cultural the fall of '77 by my purchasing a colony of bees in a box hive for seven dollars. It was placed for win- tering in the wood- shed, and scores of exHminations were made before spring, t >ften I would i o- tice a considerable collection of ice on the sides of the hive, and wondered about it, for, up to that time, I had never read a word about bees. However, they wintered well, and the next season gave me three swarms, some ot whicii were brim- stoned in the fall, as advised by veterans — a thing I never did again, as I at once set irtjfj BEJ^-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 14y al)oat tindiug better methods. After Bome inquiry I learued of the " .V B C of Bee Cul- ture " aud " (ileaniugs," aud the uext sea- son I Pent to A. I. Root fur a nucleus and an Italian queen in a Simplicity hive. About this time 1 found the "bee fever " running pretty high, and I kept subscribing for other bee journals until I was reading five of them, as well as several standard books on bees. I would like right here to offer a word of thanks to the editors of our practical bee- journals, for the very great pains they have taken to give us good journals. I know I owe a large per cent of my success as a bee keeper to the help of the bee journals. I would advise every person that wishes to secure a profit from their bees, to read from year to year two or three of the best ones. But to return. As much as I liked to work with the bees, my time was divided with other work, as I owned a saw-mill aud shin- gle-factory for a number of years. The last five or six years the bees have received more of my attention, some years giving me such a surplus that I have shipped it by the ton over thirteen hundred miles. The later per- iod I have also been engaged in growing small fruits to the extent of from two to four acres yearly. The raspberry fruits when in blossom have proven a great lielp to the bees, keep- ing them busy between the orchard, fruit- blossom, and white clover. Although I have found one draw-back in some seasons, as the bees work on the raspberry bloom ( from which they obtain dark honey ) at the same time they work on clover. I wmter the greater part of my bees ( TiG colonies last winter ) in the cellar tiered up a la Boardman, generally without loss. The cellar is under the dwelling and quite long, with two brick partitions running across, dividing the cellar into three nearly equal parts, the bees occupying the central part, over which is our living room, kept warm by a coal stove whicli helj)* to keep the bee- cellar somewhat drier, ^n rerj/ cold weath- er I start a fire in a stove in the back cellar, the kitchen chimney reaching below for the purpose. To allow the heat to enter the bee-cellar I open the door slightly and keep the temper- ature from going down, rather than wait until it falls and then n-f' more heat to bring it up. The winter of '9^-o I had con- siderable celery in the front cellar that was likely to freeze, and to prevent it I opened wide the door from this intqr the back cellar where the fire was, allowing the heat from the stove to pass right through the bee-cel- lar into the room where the celery was. I lost heavily that winter, some fifteen per cent, the heaviest loss being on the end the near- est the door where the heat passed through. I would not like to dispense with the occa- sional heat on account of its drying power, aside from its use in keeping a uniform temperature. Nearly every year that I have practised cellar wintering, (eleven or twelve) I have kept some out in the bee-yard, some in sin- gle-walled and some in double-walled chafif hives. I have also tried the clamp or un- derground plan, but the loss of scores of colonies have caused me to prefer cellar wintering to any of the above. I have win- tered a number of colonies in chafif hives in the cellar for a number of times but they did not seem to come through in as good condition as those in single-wall hives. I have tried outer cases and chafif packing for four or five years for a part of the col- onies in the spring after taken out of the cellar, but havn't found it to pay. I wintered sixteen last winter as follows : After bringing them from the out-yard I set them down in two rows on plank raised up from the ground some six oreight inch- es. The rows ran north and south, en- trances face feast and west, the hives were placed back to back and about two or three inches apart, which gives each colony their entrance a little farther from theirneighbor. A space of about six inches was then made with boards (except the first board was placed against the front of the hives over the entrances and out at the top enough to make the space six inches ) which was filled with chaff and as much or more over the top: the spaces between the hives were also filled. Above all a good roof of boards was put on leaving several inches of space above the packing. I also left about two inches of space at the top of the outside walls just underneath the roof for plenty of circulation of air right over the packing. They seem to have wii^tered well. But I notice this trouble: the bees on the east side do not get so much warmth from the sun as those on the w^st side, consequently those on the west sidd, in taking their flight in the afternoon, are flying more freely, making a much louder hum at the entrances, thus causing the bees from the east side> 150 THE BEE-KEEPERS- REVIEW. that may be Hying near, to join them, which they will do. In setting bee^ out of the cellar they are sure to do the same thing (go where the loudest hum i* ) even if placed on the old snm- mer stand, thu^ miking the strongest stron- * ger and the weakest weaker, and I believe a great many bee-keepers have attributed the cause of there having so many weak colo- nies to cellar-wintering when the trouble was as above. I generally remain in the yard when the bees take their tirst flight and if I tind too many bees returning to a certain hive I stand in front of the -entrance a few min- utes, which will cause a great many to fly elsewhere, or I stand a board up, or throw a sheet over the hive and look elsewhere, sometimes I pick up the hive and set it down in place of one that the bees are not flying from as freely. I will now try to comply with your request and tell your readers how I manage to get drawn combs at the time of the white-honey harvest. Allow me to say right here, one of the most important things to do to obtain suc- cess is to use a strong colony to do the work, and it is be^t to see if there are such about the time of fruit bloom. If not, strong colonies can be built up by feeding, or with combs of hatching brood etc. A.s the above causes some considerable work and also causes the apiarist to sometimes wait (for strong colonies to be built up ) until after the drawn combs are needed, I have been looking for better and more satisfactory methods, and will now try and describe a method whereby I have attained much bet- ter results, with much less labor, making it possible to secure the necessary strong col- onies in a few hours time. The plan is as follows. A few days be- fore the time to put the supers upon the bees, I select two good colonies, or as many pairs as will be needed to secure tlie requir- ed number of drawn combs, that are sitting side by side ( my hives sit in pairs) and over the entrance of one hive of each pair I place a cone bee-escape, thus preventing the re- turning bees from entering their own hive. They will readily enter the twin hive, thus making a powerful colony, in the right condition to take possession of the supers, which should have previously been supplied with partly filled sections of comb left over from the last honey flow. As soon as the super i- well occupied by the bees, add at once underneath the first super put on, another super of sections containing foun- dation only, which will soon be converted into beautiful drawn combs. If the readers will now turn to the March issue of the Review and read there in my article on the above subject, they will find details as to the time to take off these supers of foundation etc. Of course in gome seasons and in some localities drawn combs can be secured from the fruit bloom, but with not so much sat- isfaction, as the weather is often quite cool, a condition very unfavorable for comb building. If, however, you should try to secure drawn combs from fruit bloom, I would advise only one super remaining up- on the bees at a time, and that should con- tain enough "bait" sections only to induce the bees above. I have been using this same bee escape for the prevention of afrer- swarms, to the ex- clusion of all other means. If you think my management would be of interest to your readers I will give it at some future time. [ Give it. — Ed. ] When I first commenced to experiment with bee escapes over the entrances of strong colonies for the purpose as mentioned above, I have had combs melt down in a few hours after placing the escape in position, caused by the ventilation being nearly all cut off at the entrance. After using the escape as now constructe I have never had any further trouble of that kind. If I can save others, that may wish to try my methods, from a like trouble, it might be wisdom for me to describe just how to make the escape as I now use it. Take a piece of wood about two inches square on the end, and the length of the hive, then rip it in two, from one corner, diagonally, to the other, and yon will then have two, three-cornered pieces or enough for two escapes when finished. Now, bore close together, about 3 one-inch holes from the flat side right through to the corner on the opposite side, and then cut out the pro- jecting pieces of wood left by the bit in boring. You will then have a slot about 3 inches or more long, which should be cov- ered on the flat side with a wire cloth cone bee escape about one to one and a half in- ches long, with the apex large enough for the drones to pass through, now cut a hole fHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 151 (through the wire cloth that is tacked over the slot) nearly the size of the bottom of the coue, aud place the cone over the hole and tack the edges fast in such a way as to pre- vent the bees from passing out in any other way, only through the apex of the cone. Simply place tliis arrangement on the bot- tom board tight against the hive with the cone out and the entrance is completly block- ed to the returning bees; aud right here was where 1 experienced my first trouble as mentioned above. The returning bees would aligiit on the cone and in a few min- utes completely shut off the ventilation, but since placing wire cloth on each side of the coue as explained I fiud that the bees, as a rule, in trying to gain their own hive, try to get through the wire cloth in place of the coue, aud in a few minutes begin to run around, when they will tind the entrance of the hive sitting by the side of their hive, and immediately begin to hum with their wings, " Home is found. " Their comrades will join them at once, making a continual march of bees from the one hive into the one pre- pared with sections of foundation, thus making a powerful colony at once. At the end of three or four days, according to the conditions you wish to leave the colonies in, take away the escape aud move the en- trance a few inches away from the other, and allow them to build up again at which time you can run them in with the other colony as before. C)f course it is needless to say it is a sure preventive of swarming as far as that colony is concerned. WiLSONViLLE, Canada. May 12, 1897. Open Letter to Dr. Mason; Execntive Board Didn't Advise Sending Criticisms With Voting Blanks: Old Union Opposed to Prosecuting Adulterators. New Union Prosperous. Makengo 111. May 15,18!)7. Fbiend Mason — I've been so crowded that I've put off from day to diiy a word of re- ply to you, but probably it isn't too late yet. On page 10 of the Review you say ; " As I sit and think the matter over, time after time, I become more aud more annoyed at the action of the Advisory Board, six of whom are earnest and active Christian men. Three of these six, with the General Mana- ger, must have consented to the publication in the report, at the expense of the Union, of an unjust aud uncalled for 'criticism,' refusing to allow the other side to speak in self-defense. " Now doctor, if you'll sit and think a few times more, I think you may see that you have assumed as true something that may never have taken place. You evidently assume that the "criticism" was printed and sent by and with the advice and consent of the advisory board. As a matter of fdct I think the board was not consulted in the matter at all. I am sure it was a surprise to me as it was to you, and if I had been con- sulted in the matter I surely should have advised against any such one-sided sort of business. I would no more think of putting on a blank ballot anything in the line of trying to influence the vote than I would think of having an Australian ballot with the names of Smith and Jones as rival can- didates for the same olfice, with a foot-note added, saying, " If you don't want your business all smashed into smitherines, be sure to vote for Smith. " Of course I don't know for sure that none of the rest were consulted, but do as you did, and take the most reasonable assump- tion in the case, an assumption that I feel somewhat warranted in making, seeing that I have positive knowledge that at least one member of the board was not consulted. Your apology is now in order, doctor, although I'm not altogether snre to whom jou ought to apologize. C. C. Miller. Sta. B. Toledo, May 18, 18117. Editor Review: — Your favor of yesterday, with Dr. Miller's letter enclosed is here, and I'm glad to know, as many other bee-keep- ers will be, just where the Dr. " was at " in regard to publishing the General Manager's "criticism " with his annual report of the doings of the .\dvisory Board, or rather of the General Manager's doings. I will say to Dr. Miller that I don't need to "think a few times more" * * to "see that you ( I ) haye assumed as true some- thing that may never have taken place." It did not seem possiMe to me when I said what I did ( page 40 of the Review for Feb. last ) that even three of such grand men as compose the Advisory Board would consent to such an unwise and unjust course as was 162 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW the pablishing of the " criticism " with the annaal report. The reason that I " assumed " what I did was because of my belief that before being published and sent to the members, the General Manager's report was always sub- mitted to the Advisory Board and approved by it, but I know better now than to " as- sume " that such a course was pursued, for after my article appeared in the Review two of the members of the Advisory Board wrote me saying they were not consulted in re- gard to publishing the " criticism " with the report, and now Dr. Miller puts himself on record, and I feel quite safe in assuming that neither of the other three composing the Board would for a single moment have entertained the thought of pursuing such an unjust course: so that the whole responsibil- ity of publishing the " criticism " with the annual report must rest on the General Manager, and as he has shown himself to be unfair in a portion of his report may it not be a proper question to ask, is the bal- ance of the report to be relied on as correct ';:* Ought not a 1 auditing committe to be pro- vided for ? Now, doctor, have I "apologized" satisfac- torily ? If not, will you please do it for me whenever you find out to whom I ought to apologise ? While I am at it I would like to talk a little about another matter. I see Prof. Cook is quite anxious to have the National Union take hold of the matter of adultera- tion, and is urging the Advisor Board, and others, to speak their minds on the subject. If I'm not mistaken the National Union ex- pressed its wish in that direction by a vote of about two to one in opposition to such a course, no longer ago than last Jan. Is it possible that Prof. Cook has forgotten this, or does he propose going ahead in direct op- position to the expressed wish of the Union ? Mr. Newman is right in maintaining tliat the money in the treasury was raised for other purposes, and should not be used for any other purpose without a vote by the mem- bers of the Union authorizing such a course, to say nothing about using it in that way when the members have so recently express- ed themselves on this matter, and as a mem- ber of the National Union I propose to stand by the General Manager in the posi- tion he has taken. Prof Cook seems to think there is no need of two organizations. Well, that is just what lots of bee-keepers thought several years ago, and an effort was made at Lin- coln Nebraska, last Oct. to so shape matters as to have but one, and had the Prof, and a few others been as outspoken and earnest then as now, I believe the result would have been far different. The action taken in Jan. by the National Union was satisfac- tory to the Prof., I believe, but it resulted in putting a new organization in working order, that is intended to do for honey pro- ducers what ought long ago to have been attempted by the National Union. If it took the National Union several years to get " down to business, " it can hardly be expected that the U. S. Union will accom- plish great things until it has had some experience, but if General Manager Secor is receiving as many names for member- ship as I am, and with such hearty words of congratulation, and wishes for the success of the Union, I feel quite certain its success is assured. One day last week I received a letter from the Secretary of the Salt River N'alley Hon- ey Producer's Association, saying, " I en- close draft for ."524. in payment of member- ship fee for the following persons, " then follow the twenty - four names, and the letter closes as follows. " The organization is a long move in the right direction and I trust that bee-keepers all over our country will rally to its support. If at auy time more funds are needed let me know and I think we can help you some. " I agree with Prof. Cook that there is no need of two organizations, but at " this end of the line, " it doesn't seem as though the National Union has the " right of way, " if it does have the " funds. " A. B. Mason. Friend H — Will you please say in the next issue of tlie Review that the next annual meeting of the U. S. B. K. U. will be lield at Buffalo, N. Y. during the last week in Aug. next, at the same time as the meeting of the G. A. R. It has not yet been decided just when the first session will be held. It may be held on Tuesday A. M. or evening, or perhaps Wednesday A. M. I may be able to give you full particulars in time for the next issue of the Review. If I could have had my way that would have been settled long ago. Letters of inquiry are beginning to come. Yours, A.. B. Mason I'HE BEE-KEEFERS- REVIEW. 15S Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Editor and ProDilelor. Terms :— gl.OO a year in advance. Two copies $1.90; three for $2.70 ;fivi> for $4.00; ten or more, 75 contH eacli. If it is doHirod to have theRKVisw stopped at the expiration of tlie time paid for, please say sw when subscribiug. otherwise, it will be continued. FLINT. MICHIGAN. JUNE 10. 1897. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals are crowded out this month. " The Busy Bee " is the new name of vhe old Nebraska Bee Keeper. This paper has a new owner, too, in the person of our old- time friend. Emerson T. Abbott. As might be expected, the new paper is full of life, vim, and energy. The aim of the paper will be to advance apiculture on the farm and in small villages, yet it will not be con- fined exclusively to this work, but will have articles on the garden, flowers, the home etc., Mrs. .Abbott having charge of the home department. Success to the Basy Bee. THE MICH. STATE BEE EXPEBIMENT STATION. The bees belonging to the State have been moved back to the College and put in charge of a young man by the name of Jno. M. Rankin, from St. Clare Co. The idea is to centralize, to have all of the branches possible at the College. The Director of the Station is anxious to build up an apiary of which they can be i)ruud, as they are of their stock in other lines. Mr. Kankin is well-informed, and a practical man, and I think that he will eventually build up an apiary that will be an honor to the State. Steps are being taken to investigate bee paralysis, and as there is a most comj)etent bacteriologist at the College, it is to be hoped that something reliable and practical may be done. Thos. G. Newman I believe to be an hon- est man. I say this because there is an item in Dr. Mason's article that might be con- strued into an in.sinuatiou to the contrary. Then there was an item not long ago in the American Bee Journal that might be looked at in this same light. I do think that it would have been better if Mr. Newman had given an itemized account of the ex- penses, and better still if there had been an auditing committee, but, although these are lacking, I see no grounds for doubting the truthfulness of the amount reported as expended. Mr. Newman has been very se- verely criticised, and I think some of it is deserved, but let us not resort to such crit- icism that it may be regarded as an insinu- ation against his honor, when there is no greater foundation than that his report does not give an itemized account of the expen- ses of the last year. Several Addresses in the same letter are sometimes q[uite puzzling. Before me lies a letter having one post ottice at the beginning and another at the end and the postmark is still another. Of course, a man has a right to mail his letter wherever he pleases, but it cannot be denied that a postmark is often a big help in determining the proper ad- dress. I believe that some people think that they must head their letters with the exact spot in which they happen to be when writing the letter, even if that letter is an order for goods that must be sent by mail, freight or express. It is all right to so head a letter, let the heading be what it may, if it is also made clear to what place the goods shall be sent. I think that the "mix" comes about many times in this way; a man living in Flushing comes to Flint and while in my office he sees an advertisement in some journal, and at once writes an order, and, as he is in Flint, he thinks he must head his letter " Flint. " Having written his letter he signs it " John Doe, Flushing. " Perhaps he has business at Mt. Morris and goes around that way home, and while there stops and buys a money order and mails his letter. Here is a letter with one address at the head, one at the end and the postmark and money order still another office. Unless there is some very good rea- son, only one address ought to appear in an order for goods, and then it ought to be xnRAe perfectly clear io which address the goods should be sent. THE WEED, DEEP - CELL FOUNDATION. I frequently receive letters on this sub- ject, and, I am sorry to say, they are all in opposition to the putting of such a product on the market. I say I am sorry, because I think that some of my readers must hold opposite views. Bee-keepers have one bad habit. If they agree with their editor they 154 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV IE write and pat him on the back. If they don't agree with him they keep Btill. They onght to write him justthesameif they don't agree with hira. Those readers of Glean- ings who think that Messrs. Weed and Root are going to damage bee-keeping by put- ting this product on the market ought to write to Gleanings and say so, just the' same as those who think it all right ; and those of my readers who favor the scheme ought to write to me just as freely as they do Gleanings. Here are samples of the letters I am getting: So. Columbia, N. Y. June 3, '97. I am very much pleased at the stand you have taken in regard to the use of founda- tion in producing box honey. Uncle Daniel Quinby, before he died, said it caused a great falling off among his private custom- ers. To those that has used from two to three crates, he only could sell one or two after bee keepers commenced using the stuff. I am very much surprised that a few, in order that they may sell this stuff, are willing to sacrifice the production of the finest of Nature's gift to mankind. For my own use I always use natural comb. Others can chew the cud. if they want to. C. G. Ferris. HiGGiNsviLLE, Mo., May 15, '97. Friend Hutchinson: — Referring to the Weed comb, I will say that the object is to get it on the market and there are plenty of large bee-keepers that will use it and speak well of it even if it does injure the honey. There is one thing I do know, and that is that bee-keepers, if they had a vote on it, would bury this Weed comb two to one, on the ground that the public will be more sus- picious of honey when they know that comb so nearly imitating the natural product can be made and if Dr. Miller's argument holds good, that it will be no harm to now add 20 per cent more wax to the comb, there is no doubt in my mind that the same argument can be as well used five years from now and 20 per cent more again added. I have never advised the use of full sheets of foundation in the sections and I believe bee-keepers have been the losers as a whole from its use by a less consumption of honey by those that could afford to pay a good price for it. It has always looked to me that it is not good business to cheapen an article at the expense of (/ualifi/. This has been done with comb honey. Thanking you for your letter, I am, Yours truly, R. B. Leahy. I can only repeat what I have said so many times, let's wait until we have tried this for ourselves. There are, however, one or two points brought out in these let- ters that it will be well to consider, and one is, might not a large apiarist use this comb even if it did deteriorate his product slight- ly ? Might he not think that the extra quan- tity of honey secured would pay him such a profit that he would use it, as I have said, even if the quality was not quite so good ? Might not the thought of this greater profit so blunt his preception that the inferi- ority of comb honey produced with the deep cell foundation could not be discovered ? If the large apiarist uses it, why not the more humble bee-keeper ? Then there is the point that, although the deterioration might be only slight, so slight that the average consumer would not notice it, yet in time he would discover that he did not like honey so well as he did once. Many times in arguing against the adulter- ation of extracted honey, this point has been urged. Consumers might not, at the time of purchase, discover anything wrong with the honey, but, after using it for awhile they "lose their taste for it, " so to speak. My only hope is that, if the use of this product does deteriorate comb honey, that the manufacturers can be made to see it, and to discontinue its manufacture. If its use cannot be detected, if the resulting comb is just as flaky, brittle and fragile as the natural product, then we can all rejoice. Comb foundation has not improved the quality of comb honey. No one claims that. It has helped to produce straight combs, but through the center of eacli comb it has put a tough, leathery substance which for some reason has been dubbed " fish-bone. " But, though it be tough and leathery, it is all in one place, and can be rejected by cutting the honey from each side, as I men- tioned in a former article, but if you put this tough wax into the side walls, there is no way of avoiding it — we must chew it up. Mr. Root says that these side-walls become as flaky and eatable as those of the natural- ly built comb. Why they should, when such is not the case with the foundation I do not understand, but there may be a reason, so let us not be too hasty in our judgement. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. (3^ IX heaping bushel baskets of dead bees )S at one time ! (See Review 92) That will almost have to stand as the record — until somebody breaks it. But what we want to know it,, was it the high temperature of the in p. tiKKKt^EPtRS' RKVltW. 155 cellar that caused the suddeu dying off iu the latter jmrt of the wiuter ? Perchance the distnrbintr factor might have been the fruit juice iu their wiuter stores, or the wiuter breediug. The experiment does not seem to afford the means of settling the «luestiou with certaiutj-. I will venture the conjecture that all three things combined to work the same result — or rather that fruit juice and extra temperature caused internal activity (although silent) and resulted in an unusual amount of brood: and then all three things together exhausted vitality and brought the term of life nearer to a sum- mer standard. It will be interesting to see whether the young bees raised pay for the old ones lost, and the extra amoant of hon- ey consumed. So a heavy majority of a German conven- tion, (and German bee conventions are apt to be big ones) favor entrances quite a dis- tance above the bottom of the hive. Re- view !tr>. Surely the bottom is the most natural and convenient place for an en- trance. Only practical way to avoid a bank of rubbish at the bottom, liable to become a mass of moth larvip; yet away go live bee men (not only iu Germany but in america also) in favor of entrances up end or side. I used to regard the plan with contempt; but of late I feel more respectful about it. Hard to believe that a mere troublesome whim with nothing to back it could show so much vitality. I suspect that with an elevated entrance the air inside is purer; and that purer air results in better winter- ing and improved stamina of the bees in summer. Still it seems to me that a small hole up the end of the hive, and a good sized entrance at the bottom also, ought to secure the same results, in addition to the obvious advantages of a bottom entrance. Canadian Bee Journal. Most of our bee papers are not making many changes these hard times and the Canadian is no exception. To hold one's own, and live through until the sun of pros- perity rises on the land is about all most people try for. So the (!auadian sliali have its turn this time not by a general character- ization and writing up, but by si)ecial at- tention to its contents in detail. On page H)M'.t (The C B. .7. is queer in the way it lets its pages rtiii up from year to year) on page 10S'.» what looks like a new department of questions and answers opens out. (Questioner wants advice about clip- ping queens and the why of it. Replies come from nine clippers and seven anti- clippers. Not very much that is new devel- oped. The heavy shot of the antis is that clipping doesn't work according to program. The heavy shot of the clippers is that you can leave an out-apiary for days in swarm- ing time and (whether the thing works just according to program or not) your bees will all be in the yard somewhere. Then there is a parting shot from the anti camp to the effect that a dozen days later you will have swarms with virgin queens, and then you'll lose bees— quite likely in stupid ignorance that anything of the kind is taking place. The editor on page 1085 announces his strong belief that when bees are doing noth- ing and comfortable there is little loss of vitality — that is nearly the same as saying that they do not age — go into the winter practically young although hatched in mid- summer. If the bee-keeper sets them at work, and also lets them breed at will, the young bees produced will keep the balance of the colony against the old bees whose vitality is worn out. But if the keeper sets them at work and hinders them from breed- ing, then the colony is thrown badly out of balance, to its great peril in the coming winter. N. D. West, being a clipper, has a grand spell of finding his queens every spring and clipping wherever supersession has occurr- ed. He finds it well to have three persons to watch as the combs are rapidly taken out, one sitting on each side of the hive and one standing over it. As he scrapes burr comb and equalizes brood and honey at the same time the extra hands are kept busy at these matters, except for a very few min- utes on each hive. A hundred hives a day is the tune to which he thus performs. After uniting he polks a few slices of onion in the entrance. Then one set of fellows can't smell the odor of the other fellows' unwashed feet and be compelled to com- mit murder. ( )uce he fed tliree apiaries with warm thin syrup in a wash tub. Kept the bees from drowning by putting in straw. Page 10H(!. To avoid the heavy unbroken masses of bees that a strong apiary would heap up- on a single wash tub, probably a large amount of straw ought to be crowded in. Hardly a premium plan at the best, I should say. ise THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW. N. D. West thinks that after March 1st bees die faster in the cellar than they would outside. Page lOCA. In the cellar we can see just how it is; but unfortunately we are left largely to conjucture outside. Yet early setting out seems to be on the win in the Canadian — the editor giving it his adhesion on page 10(10. S. T. Pettit has practiced putting ice in the bee cellar previous to carrying out the bees. The plan was only partially a success in restraining the annoying " too-previous- ness " of bees on such occassions. Page 10(3.'-). At the Ontario Convention seventeen had used both solar and steam wax extractors. Only one of these was ready to back the steam extractors as the best; while a num- ber were ready to maintain the opposite. Page 10(19. Prof. Harrison's address to the conven- tion in criticism of Dr. Howard is of in- terest, although provoking. 1070. After hearing scientists show each other's mistakes we are apt to feel that we don't know any- thing about the matter at all, except what our experience has taught us. Harrison's experiments are more labratory-like than Howard's — but not necessarily any more val- uable on that account. May not the bee bacillus, pure bred in the labratory for several generations, be quite a different fellow, in many respects, from his ancestors in the hive ? It is the latter that we are concerned with. If we are to take Harrison's experiments at face value they are in the nature of a warning not to trust to the germ-destroying powers of air and sunlight to make old infected hives and bee-trees safe again. Well, as to trees in which swarms have died of foul brood, if we can trust to the powers of na- ture to render them innocuous we shall have to do the other thing — let them remain nocuous — seeing we can not find them and burn them. Mr. McKnight at the Toronto convention, speaking in criticism of a previous speaker, declared that the ripening of honey does not increase its aroma but rather decreases it. (Page 101 7.) Probably we all, if we spoke off hand, and drew mainly on our inner consciousness for our facts, would say the same — assume that the flavor of honey is a volatile essential oil secreted by the plant, and which must of course grow less with the lapse of time. Have you, and you, and you noticed this fact in wide awake investi- gation ? or have you only sleepily made this untested assumption ? To put you on your mettle let me make an assertion on the other side. So7netiines flavor, not mere- ly poor or indifferent flavor, but high and admired flavor, is not, not even in the slighest degree, a product of plant chemis- try, but seems to be a deft result of the in- ner chemistry of the bee. Then, as that much is certain, let me submit a somewhat important question for the consideration of the brethren. Is it not usually the case with any sample of honey that its flavor is the joint result of two flavors, one secreted by the plant and one contributed by the bee ? Yet another question. Is it not possible that most of the flavoring contributed by the plant is taken out of the nectar the day it is brought in, and stored in the bodies of the bees — and restored later on in a some- what altered and less volatile form ? At least (with a few conspicious exceptions) nectars do not taste tit to eat when freshly brought in. When we get around to it let us know something about the flavor and aroma of honey, instead of going on for- ever playing the parrot act. The General round-Up A noted man, when April Ist brought him a letter reading " April Fool, " and not a word else, said he never knew a fellow be- fore to sign his name and forget to write the letter. In like manner I never knew Gleanings before to give adequate directions about making a new honey cake and for- get to put in the receipe itself. (Gleanings 87.5) This, when we get it, will be a honey jumble, or cake, with the sweetning all hon- ey; and A. I. R. vouches it as the nicest cake he ever ate. Cheeky of uncle Amos, to tell us how good it is, and then make us go without at least two weeks while he luxuri- ates ! The inventor, who has spent four years of effort upon it, is Maria Fraser of Terminous, California. On the same page there is another receipe (this one didn't get away) for a hard honey gingerbread, not to be eaten at all until three months old, and thenceforth growing better and better all the way out. Nice for bachelor's apiary stores. As it requires quite a bit of space to give it I'll just let our editor copy it, or wait till the sisters test it, as he may choose. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 157 On page 'M^ri and 'Mi\ of Oleanings are fine pictures illustrating the new queen rearing — backed by a stront; article defending it. It is by an Australian, H. L. Jones. Ernest surrenders, and says he is going to try the method over again. Certainly those long rows of splendid cells, all ready to slice up with a hot knife look very attractive and business-like. The advantage of know- ing within a few hours just when they will emerge must, as he says, count heavily with a practical queen breeder. Dr. Miller in a straw ;!('il says wet your sections with boiling water through a fun- nel. This fine stream of hot water is made to run through the grooves of the f-ections before they are unpacked from the box. The question box of tlie American Bee •Journal gets after the new high wall foun- dation on page :51i). Ten are favorable, seven unfavorable and two on the fence. But the favorable re- sponses mostly smell pretty strongly of " ifs. " To exterminate yellow dock which has got possession of rich bottom land sow sweet clover. A. B. J. 181. Quite likely some bad weeds could be cheaply exterminated by a judicious use of sweet clover. But possibly enemies might remind us of those ancient dovesjwhich engaged a hawk to exterminate the kite. California usually has a crop of honey or not according to the number of inches of rain in winter and spring. It already has over the required amount, and feels happy. A. B. J. 131. Mr. Muth, who is good authority on foul brood, sets five years as the safe limit of time during whicii natural forces of sun and air will surely have killed off all the spores, and make infected hives safe again. A. B. J. 147. At the Vermont experiment station they fed syrup to bees three times in succession, kept samples of each, and had the chemist try his hand on them. 'I'he figures as re- ported prove very badly: but taking them as they stand the amount "f water steadily increased. More than two-thirds of the cane sugar was changed (jn first feeding to other sugars of the dextrose and levulose classes. Then comes the queerest thing of all; at second and third feeding the amount of cane sugar (as reported i steadily increas- ed. Most likely the bees changed some of the material, on second and third feeding into other sugars unknown to the chemist, and improperly classified by him. A. B. J. 14!t. Friend Aikin tells of a weed so conducive to granulation that the bees are charged with hurrying home to get there before their little interiors get all solid. Gleanings lie. In the same article Mr. A. speaks sensibly of the desirability of testing the relations between weather states and honey flow, which is one of the unsolved mysteries. Tip top — if he can only get enough breth- ren interested that they will not be squelch- ed by the general indifference. In Gleanings 117 F. L. Thompson wants to know why not recognize the unpleasant fact that many eaters of honey get tired of it after awhile. Sure enough, why not? Also he suggests that little bits of comb honey, perhaps accompanied by something eatable (a doughnut, say) would go at lunch counters, and that this honey-selling field is almost wholly unoccupied at present. George L. Vinal sent a half and half mix- ture of honey and glucose to five different experts (not chemists) and only two of them judged it ought else than pure honey — and one of them had used the alcohol test on it. Editor makes the sad confession on it that the tasting test has played out, so far as up-to-date glucose is concerned. Best to keep the alcohol test prominently before the brethren— One part honey to three parts alcohol, very thoroughly stirred, and allow- ed to stand 15 minutes. If pure it will be nearly clear, if glucose is in it it will be milky. Gleanings lit;'.. Ernest also thinks the two Unions should now " beat their swords into plowshares" and each pitch in tremendous in its own chosen field. Anent the comparative quality of comb honey and extracted honey, the editor of Gleanings on page I'.)l remarks, in a foot note, that usually comb honey is put in shallow cells where it has a better chance to evaporate rapidly, while extracted hon- ey is usually stored in deep cells. This rather accidental difference sometimes counts pretty heavily, perchance. I would suggest another accidental difference. Section honey is stored when there is a good and rapid flow. In extracting supers of empty comb, honey is often stored when the flow is not good enough to have any section storing at all. And when the flow is poor the quality is apt to be poor also. 158 THE BEE-KEEPERS' EEVIEn Both these things combine to make the act- ual quality of extracted honey average a little lower thau what should be its honest normal. In Germany they have a pet colony of bees that has lived in the open air since 18;t4— but they blanket it in winter. Straw, Gleanings, IS"). Another straw on same page gives Dzier- zon (one of the highest authorities in the world) for the atrociously " tother way " assertion that bees never eat their own larva? until it has first died from some other cause. That is, I suppose, starvation causes the internal heat of the colony to go down: larvae die from hunger and cold — and then bees suck their juices. Why not try a little and see if we can believe this, and get our pets off from the charge of cannibalism ? RioHABDS, Ohio. May 22. 1897. Protecting an Apiary From Thieves by Means of an Electrical Alarm. Back in IS'Xt some one asked the editor of Gleanings if there was not some kind of a cartridge that could be so arranged that it would explode when a hive was opened, and thus frighten away thieves. The editor thought that such a special cartridge would not only be expensive, but would only scare away the intruder instead of aiding in his capture, and he advised the following: — " A far better and cheaper arrangement, and one that we once used around a poultry- yard to keep away thieves, is a simple elec- tric bell, small battery, and a spool of linen thread. We simply stretched the thread around where the chickens were housed in small coops. It was black, and passed through small screw eyes attached to trees. Of course, in the night time this would be invisible, especially if only about two feet from the ground. This thread should run clear around the apiary or po Itry-yard. One end should be made fast, and the other tied to a wooden plug slipped between two brass clips, representing the poles of the battery. The battery wire and bell may reach to the house and bedroom. The min- ute an intruder runs against the linen thread it wiU draw the wooden plug out and allow the spring clips to come together and com- plete the circuit of the battery, when the bell will ring in the bedroom and give the alarm, unknown to the thief. In our own case, fortunately or unfortunately, the thief did not come any more. If he had he would have been surprised. Now, this plan will protect 100 colonies at a cost not to exceed S1..50 for material, and per- haps three or four hour's time in putting up." The idea is just this : When the two poles of a battery are connected there is a How of electricity from the positive to the negative. If there is a long wire connect- ing the poles the electricity flows through or upon this wire. Now. if somewhere in this "circuit " there is placed an electric bell this bell will ring so long as the electric current is passed through it. I won't take the time and space to explain the construc- tion of the bell nor the philosophy upon which it acts, as it is only su Bicieut for this purpose to know that the passing through it of a current of electricity will cause it to ring. The moment that the current is broken the ringing stops. The moment the circuit is completed again, that mo- ment the bell begins to ring again. Set the battery anywhere that if most convenient, place the bell near the head of the bed, then connect them with insulated wire, forming a circuit. This circuit of wire may be just as long as is convenient. Somewhere in this circuit let there be a break, that is, cut the wire and introduce two brass springs, fastening one end of the wire to one spring, and the other end to the other spring. When these springs touch each other the circuit is complete and the bell rings. Fry them apart and introduce some nonconductor, like a piece of wood, to hold them apart and the ringing ceases. The springs need not be very stiff; simply strong enough to hold a piece of wood in place. Now, around the apiary, as explained by Mr. Root, string some stout, black linen thread, running it through screw-eyes, put into trees or posts. I think it ought to be placed low enough so that the owner can easily step over it, but high enough so that whoever comes into the apiary at night will catch his foot on the thread and make it pull out the wooden plug that is between the brass springs, and thus complete the circuit and set the bell a ringing. My brother, who lives at May ville, Mich, has had quite a little experience with thieves, and thought of giving this burglar alarm a trial, but did not quite understand how to arrange it, and wrote to Gleanings asking for further particulars. In the last issue R.ppear8 his inquiry, which reads as follows: " I wish to protect my bees from thieves, with an electrical bell, such as you describe on page 266, 1895. but ' I don't itlja BEtJ-KEEfERS REVIEW. 159 know ' the first thing about patting up the wires. I might fasten them so the current would be grounded, or lose all of its strength before reaching the bell. Will a home- made battery, such as you use ror wiring frames ( described on page 1"5, 18!(.") ), an- swer ? Does it need three batteries ? Will an ordinary door-bell ring loud and long enough to wake a sound sleeper? I can get an electric door-bell for 7") cts. of Mont- gomery Ward it Co., Chicairo: a battery for '>0 cts., or the whole outfit for $1.7.'), includ- ing 1()0 feet of insulated wire, etc.; but this is simply a door-bell, and I don't know whether it is the rielit outfit or not There is a gang of wild boys here who take delight in robbing bees — not only mine, but all over the neighborhood. They took about .s;i.00 worth of nice white comb honey from one hive last year, and held a grand pow-wow on the corners. I saw honey and wads of wax there the next morning: found out who was there, got the sheriff on track of them, but they denied having any honey or any knowledge of it. I could not prove it in court, or, at least, the prosecuting at- torney thought so. No arrests were made, but the sheriff told me he knew I was on the right track, for they all showed guilt when questioned. I have lost honey every year. Somptiraes th<^y destroy the whole hive, and I am getting sick of it. I always give them all they want to eat, but there is no ' fun ' about it then. They like the fun of ' coon- ine ' it. I can't work hard all day and watch every nisht, so I wish to try some kind of alarm to wake me. " The editor replies as follows : " 1 The battery described in Gleanings, page 20C, current volume, would hardly be suitable for an electric alarm; that is. it would he too strong and too expensive. The one that you mention, which yon can get of Montgomery Ward & Oo.. including bat- tery, door-bell, and insulated wire, is just about the thins, and the price is very reasonable. The bell should be stationed in your bedroom, and the two wires should attach the bell to a point outside the house. The bell and battery may be in the same room. Directions which go with the outfiti would show you how to arrange the bell and battery, so there will be no trouble along that scor». But very little wire will be needed. The spool of linen thread, men- tioned on page 2(;fi, ]8;ir) should be long enough to eo clear around the apiary, or the space of ground that \ ou wish to protect from depredations of thieves. As there explained, the thread should pass through eyelets fastened to treis or posts, and should be low enough, -^ay about two feet from the ground, so as not to be seen by those who go into the api iry. As there ex- plained, one end of the thread is made fast, and the other end fastened to a wooden plug that separates the two brass springs form- ing the two poles of th** battery, as explain- ed in our journal, IHit.'i. By following di- rections there given, together with the directions that go with t,h» battery outfit from Montgomery Ward & Co., I think yon will be able to make the thing work all right. " Thieves have given me very little trouble ; if they did, I should put up such an alarm. Clothes line thieves once made considerable havoc in this city, and when it was neces- sary to leave our clothes out over night I strxing a black linen thread around them and brought the end in the bedroom win- dow, fftstening it to the handle of my old school bell, setting it in a chair by the head of the bed. One night, about midnight, the bell came down rattley't bang, and I scrambled into my trousers and rushed out to find nobody there — hut the wind, and that had managed to fi^p one corner of a sheet around the string and give it a jerk. Queen Cells by the Wholesale; Drone Comb for Cell Caps. New vs. Old Methods. Through the courtesy of Gleanings lam able to lay before my readers the following most valuable article and as fine pictures of queen cells as I have ever seen. The arti- cle is written by Mr. H. L. Jones, the vet- eran queen breeder of Australia. Of course, the method is really the Doolittle plan of getting cells, but Mr. Jones describes and defends it so graphically, and those pictures prove the matter so beautifully, that I take pleasure in printing the article and illustrations. A finer lot of queen cells I have never seen, nor have I ever seen bet- ter pictures of cells. Good queens will hatch from such cells as those. See how completely the cells are covered with those hexagnol indentations. Poor queens never come from such cells as those. Deliver me from the queen that hatches from a smooth cell. She is really only about half queen, and the other half worker. How those pictures carry me back to that most de- lightful period of my life — when I was rear- ing queens for the market. To hold up those cells to the light and see the queens " come to life, " see their first faint move- ments; later to hear them "chanking" their way out and then to see them, those beautiful, yellow, "new-looking" queens, push off the lid to their cradle and crawl out into the outer world, then to see them stretch their long legs over the combs of a little nucleus from which a laying queen had lately been caught and caged in a nice white basswood cage: the patting on of the 160 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVl different colored stamps on the cages of varying sizes; the putting of thein into a basket; the two-miles walk through pas- tures, lanes and forest Ho the post office, the filling of the basket with blackberries on the way home, then the three pairs of litlle feet that came pattering down the road to " meet papa. " But this isn't queen rearing. I thank Mr. .Jones, however, for the plea-ont ll^o da\s, and yon can figure out what a vast difference in the net results this variation in time must make where over ITOO per annum are raised. Then, again, these drone-cell cui)3, by be- ing built all together in one compact clus- ter, require fewer bees to maintain the requsite temperature; the cells are not join- ed together so that they cannot be separated without destroying one or more cells, and there is no mutilation of brood combs. Another good feature about these cells is the ease with which they all fit into the West cell-protectors, just as if they were built to order; and I may mention that I would just as soon think of producing extracted honey with an old one-frame honey-slinger as to raise queens in quanity without the aid of cell-{)rotectors and cages. I give a ripe cell in one of these cages at the same time that I remove the reigning queen; but when sending off young queens that nave been laying only a few days I usually giv& a vir- gin queen from one to three days old, liber- ating her right on the combs at the same time, and have very few destroyed. Look at the lower row of cells in Fig. 1, which are within 2 1 hours of Ijatching, and you will notice that they are so much surrounded with coinli that only the points of the cells are visible: and I find that, when used with- out protectors, they ari less liable to be torn down than the ordinary cells, as the thick incrustation of comb protects them. In re- moving these cells from the bar I place my queen-cell knife on the hot barrel of the smoker for a few seconds, and then cut off the whole row of cells as easily as cutting butter; the warm knife is then slipped be- tween each cell, dividing them ready for the cages. I can assure you that it is a pleas- ure to handle these cells after those built hap-hazard on the combs. I don't know whether you have ever tried this drone-cell plan; but in any case I will describe briefly the modufi operandi. Toward the e d of winter I select several of my finest colonies as drone- producers, and, after removing the lids, place an empty super on each, and then cover the frames with good thick cushions stuffed with cotton, and then on top of each super I lay a sheet of glass. We usually have bright cloudless days, and the increased warmth thus gen- erated induces the bees to breed more rap- idly, and I thus manage to secure thousands of fine dro'tes much earlier that I otherwise should. When the weather becomes warmer, and the strength of the colony will admit of it, the glass is dispensed with. A zinc honey- board is placed on, and the bees in- duced to work in the upper story, and are then devoted to '•orapleting cells as per photo. Sometimes I place the prepared cells at once into these upper stories, but usually place them in a s'rong queenless colony for a couple of days before placing them in the upper story, by which method very few cells will be refused, and results identical with those shown in the photo will be achieved. To prepare these cells I cut off a row of drone-ceils, and then cut them down to about J4 iiicli in depth, after wiiich I attach them to the bar with melted wax. A little royal jelly is then placed in each cell nice- ly, at the bottom. Next I obtain a frame containing newly hatched larvse from one of my choice breeders, and then, seating myself in a chair in front of a strong light, I place a sheet of paper on my knees, and on this lay the frame of brood, and transfer the larvie as per fig. 2. The center bar be- ing secured by one nail only at each end, is 162 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. grasped as shown, and can be moved to any angle so as to strike the light. The little stick used for transferring the larva? is sim- ply a piece of section stuff about '1^.2 inches long, one end being about % inch wide, and the other about 1-lG, and as fine as can be sharpened, with the point bent just a little be placed in the bottom of the cell very gently. I can't, for the life of me, imagine how you can raise more queens by the old- fashioned method. The editor of Gleanings replies as fol- lows : — -INS£1;TXNG XUE LAKVAE. so as to slip under a larvie. The larger end of the stick is used for placing the royal jelly in the cells, and occasionally for bruising down a cell so as to get convenient- ly at the larvH. Fig. 2 shows the act of placing a larva in a cell; and the support- ing-bar, beintr wider than the cells, acts as a rest to steady the hand, so that the larva can [ The proof of the pudding is in the eat- ing. The proof of your statements is shown in the half tone plates herewith reproduced, and I am very glad to take back all I have said that could be in any way construed as reflecting on the new way of queen-rearing. If the results shown in Fig. 1 are what you secure on the average (and I have no reason ■rHR BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 168 to qaestioD it ). then any (lueeu-breeder who does not iisf your method, or one equally good — for instance the Doolittle, is not lookiujr to the interest of his pocketbook. It was (t. M. Doolittle who first made a suc- cess of havinii cells built in regular ' rows on a stick. ' A good many have since made a successor his plan, although some of us did not succeed to our satisfaction. It was J. D. Fooshe, I believe, who first made a practical success of raising queen-cells from drone-cells. As I judge, you have simply followed out or elaborated his plan. One thing is certain, friend Tones: If you and Fooshe and Doolittle can get such re- sults as these, then we old fogies who have not made a like success had better work and plan until success is achieved. You may he sure the plan outlined above will be fairly tested in our apiary: and if we do not suc- ceed we shall keep on fussing until we do. —Ed. ] " First and last there has been a god deal said about the low prices at which queens have been sold, some breeders asserting. that good queens could not be reared at the prices at which queens are usually sold. In the first place we must remember that the price of almost every thing is very low com- pared to what it was years ago, and that such scientific and exact methods for get- ting cells as is described in the foregoing article, coupled with such methods, for instance, as that given in the last Review, whereby queens are fertilized and kept for sale in very small nuclei on the top of full colonies, and to this add the improved cages and food that enable tlie breeder to ship queens with almost no losses; when all of these things ars considered it is no won- der that really good queens can be furnish- ed at a low price by those breeders who are really up with the times. ADVERTISEMENTS 6-97-tf W, Eitlif^r (lolden or Im. ported, hy return mail. Unti'sted, 75c; tested, Sl.iXi; breeders, 32.00. H. LAWS, Lavaca, Ark. Your order Untested Queens Will be promptly filled l.y RETURN MAIL, at 7."> cts. each, or ss.(K} [ht doz. Tested, $1.(X) ; sll.fK) per doz. All of oar queens are carefully bred from best Italian stock, and satisfaction is guaranteed on every ordnr. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., Loreanville, La. r $$$$$$ Are scarcer than Good Queens reared from poor mothors. 1 (iu,\H- .\NTKE good (iiioeDK and safe arrival. Either light or dark Italians at 7.5 cte. ; nix for $3.50; twelve for J6.50. See April Review. Free catalogue. J. B. CHSE, Popt Oxange, Fla. Please mention the Review, A Full Line 3-97-St P!eaae mention the Reuiem. Of Bee Keepers' Supplioti, Queens, and Bees, Apiaries handled on commission and loca- tions selected. Honey for sale in car lots. 4-97-6t W . A. WEBSTER, Pylema, Calif. Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Smokers, Queen Cages, and everything needed in the apiary. Warranted Italian queens 7ri cts, each. Two frame nucleus, with a queen, $2 60. Send for catalog. DEANES & MINER, Ronda. N. C. Please mention the Reuiem. Queen J©uyeps, Consider these facts : Feing in the South, I get started so early in the seasdn that I have a stock of queens on hand before the rush of orders be- gins. I have such a largo stock of bees to work wiih that there is no likelihood of getting behind with orders. For inblance, 1 have 50 faultless breeders in full colonies. When I say that 1 can send queens by uetubn m.\il, it if- not done sim- ply for the sake or the sonnd, but because I can and IJO. The best known methods are employed for securing queen ceils. Thcie are no black bees in this ■n icini'y, and no drooPS allowed to fly in my yard except those from straight, five- banded stock, and they are so numerous that a rnismatelS and 3-banded AL-BIAfO bees that have no su- periors as honey gatherers. Queens for sale. For particulars addresss J. D. GIVEN8, Lisbon, Tex. 4-97-Gt Please mention the Reuleui. Muth's :; lONEY EXTRACTOR PERFECTION /old-Blast Smokers Square Glass Honey Jar?, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. SendlOc. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers. 1-97-tf Please mention the Reuiew. Bee? & Queeos For sale. Queens $1 00 eaeii. Bees by the lb. $1.00. One frame nucleus and ^ 5. B ^ e «< a: CD c a CD ^ UQ {~^ ?5 n B CO Q- S5 3- "2. P=> -1 r4. ^ S' a> ^^^ Pft ^l|jj^( copy of Successful Bee-Keeping, v/.z. Hutch iuBon, fe.i aud our 1897 catalog for a 2-ct. stamp, or a copy of tlie catalog for the asking. We make almost everything used by b€e-keepers, and sell at lowest prices. Our Falcon Polished Sections c are warranted superior to all others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made goods when you © i5 can just as well have the BEST— sucii as we make. © % THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a .TO-ct, riB-page monthly now in its 7th © J year. Sample free. Address "W. T. FALCONER Mfg. CO., JamoBtown, N. Y. % (5 ' © THE BEE-REKPERS' REVIEW, 167 Finest Sections In the Market. We wish every Bobecriber of the Review to send us their names on a poetal, and we will send tliein our price list for ls other Supplies, and we are selling lliein CUKAP. A postal sent for a price lint may save you $ $ $ $. R. H.SCHMIDT A CO.. Box 1.H7 Sheboygan, Wis. Pleaae mention the Review. QUEENS Smokers, Sections, Comb Foundation, And «ll Apliilnili Sii|i|>lle< rhpsfi. SetiA for MCKK nliiluicui-. K. T. FMNIIiAN, Heiletlilr. Ill PItait mention the Rtaltm, 168 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVmi, OAOANT'S FOUNDATION BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Has no supenor because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, iliS. ^ '^l ^^^^^^^ 4-96-l2t Please mention the Reuie-K. ^^^^^^ iS^ ■'Vl^T'^'' PoViOtR'^fi)"' in Indiana. See That Wink ? Bee Supplies. Root's go-^ds at Root's prices. Pocder's Honey Jabs Prompt ser- vice. Low freight rates. Catalog free. WALTERS. POl DER, 162 Mass Ave., Indianapolis, Ind., the only exclusive bee supply house Please mention the fteuieu). — If yon wish the best, low-dprice — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. LISTEN! iisTtm I have on hand about 40,000 strictly first - class, one - piece sections. For such sections, the leading dealers are asking from 12.25 to $2.50 for a single 1,000, but I am anxious to turn these sections into money as soon as possible, and as long as any remain unsold I shall offer 1,000 sections, and the Review one year, for only $2.75. W.Z.HUTGIIINSON, Flint, Mich. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. Xirpe IS A\Or>Cy, canbe°more busy than a bee man in a good lioney fiow. Put these two faots together and jou will see how a good automTtic reversible J^^^^y Extr^CtOr may save its cost even in one season, and in an extrordin- ary flow may save much more by enabling the operator tf> " get around " fast enough so that no honey is lost for lack of room. Once you kave decided that it pays to save one handling of the combs each time you extract, writtf to Vzvr) Alkn Sr WiIIiaro5» Barnnm, Wis., dealers in supplies, for a circular showing the superiority of their reversible, au- tomatic extractors, that reverse without stop- ping the machine. 4-97 -3t The Land of Honey, The Italy of America I Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 363 E. 2nd St., Los Angeles, California. JOHN F. STRATTON'8 CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, an. 813. 815.817 East 9th St.. New York. JULY, 1897. At Fliqt,' Michiigaq. — Or\e Dollar a Year. 170 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIMVi. ADVEt^TISirlG f^RTES. All advertieements will be inserted at the rate of 15 centB per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : Oa 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, i5\per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On! 20 linee Knd upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ;■ 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per tent. Oil HO lines and upwalrd's, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 tim:e8,'30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. : Clubbing Iiist. 1 wilifligfid the Review with— Gleanings, (new)...., ,. .($1.00) . AmericanBee JourEtal (new) ( l.lKi).. Canadian Bee Journal : ( 1.00) . . Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) . . American Bee Keeper ( .50) $1.75 . 1.75 . 1.75 1.35 . 1.40 The Southland Queen ( 1.00 1 1 75 ~ ■ ~ . 1.75 . 1.10 . 1.75 . 1.85 . H.5n . 4.50 . 1.65 . 1.75 . 1.75 . 1.75 . 3.50 . 1.25 3.15 4.10 Ohio Farmer ( 1.00) Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5(0. Farm Poultry (1.00) Rural New Yorker , .'.,..( 1.00) Frank LeSliels Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . The Century ...............( 4.0O) . Michigan Farmer " ( 1.00) . Prairie i Farmer (lOOO. American Agriculturist (100). Ladies'i Home Journal (1 .00) . TheInd«^Rende-it (New York).. (3.00). Ladies'l World ( 40) . Country Gentleman ( 2.50) . Harper!s Magnzine ( 4,0ii) . Harper's Weekly ( 4 00;i 4.20 Youths'' Co'iipanion (new) ('•75( ... .2.35 Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.0U) 3 50 Cosmopolitan • ( 1.00) 1.90 It will be notice I. that in order to /ecnre these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and the Youtns' Compataon, thosubBcriboi-s to these Journals must be NEW. If it i< any convenience, when sending in your renewal to tlie Review, to include your renewal to any of these .Journals, you can do so, but the full price must be sent. Honey Quotations. The following raleB for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy. — All sections to bo well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the colls sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All fiocHons well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition t" this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That iH, there will be " fancy white," N(iO. 1 dark," etc. CLEVELAND, OHIO.-Wo quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 12)^; No. 1 white, 11; fancy amber, 8 to it; fancy dark, 7 to 7'.4 ; white extract- ed, 6 ; beeswax, 28 to 30. A. B. WILLIAMS & CO., ,May 14. 80 & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote ns follows : No 1 white, 12 to 13; fancy amber. 11 to 12; No. 1 amber, 10 to 11 ; tancy d;irk, 10 ; No 1 dark, 8 lo 9; white extracted, 5 to 5i^ ; am.ber, 4 to 4}^; dark, 4 ; beeswax, 30. C. C. CLEMONS CO., July 13. .521 Walnut St., Kansas Citv Mo. CHICAGO, 111.— Not any now comb honey on the market. It would probably sell at 12 cts for the best gr.-ides. Extracted, slow sale. We quote as follows : White, extracted, 5 to 6; am ber, 4 to 5 ; dark, %% to 4. Beeswax, 25 to 27. R. A. BURNETT & CO., July 13. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. CHICAGO, 111.— We want hf>ney. Anyone hav- ing any will i)lease correspond with us. We quote as rollf)W8 : Fancy white. 14; No. 1 white, 12 to 13 ; fancy amber, II to 12; white, extracted, 6 to 61^; amber, 5 to 5%; dark. 4; beeswax, 25 to 26. S. T. FISH & CO., July 13. 189 So Water St , Chicago, 111. BUFFALO, N. Y.— Notice no new arrivals yet— too early to ship. Very small demand for any grade of honey. Write before shipping. We quote as follows : Fancy white. 9 to 10; No. 1 white, 8 to 9 ; fancy amber, 6 to 7 ; No. I amber, 5 to 6; fancy dark. 6 to 7; No. 1 dark 5 to 6; white, extracted, 5 to 6; dark, 414 to i%\ bees- wax, 24 to 28. BATTERSON & CO.. July 13. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. NEW YORK. M. Y.— Our market is bare of comb honey ana there is some demand for white. Extracted is plentiful, California now com'Ug in in large quantitie.s; also southern. The demand for extracted has slackened off somewhat ami prices are barely firm. Beeswax is in good ilcniand and arriv'ils are rather light We quote as follows: Fancy white, 11 to 12; No. 1. white, 10 to 11 ; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No 1 amber, 8 to '.< : white, extracted, 5; amber, 4^; dark, 4; beeswax, 2(5 to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, July 14 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. NEW YORK. N. Y.— The demand for honey has fallen off considerably in the last few weeks although there is some call for buckwheat comb and fancy white clover. Supply is light for both honey and wax, but there is good demand for the latter and the price has advanced in the last week. VVe (juote as follows : Fancy white, 10; No. 1 whit.-, 9; fancy amber, 8; No. 1 amber, 7 ; fancy dark, 7 ; No. 1 dark, (i; White extract- ed, 5^ ;'amber, 51.4; dark, 3k.; beeswax, 26J^ to 27 H. FRA N ( I S H. LEGGETT & CO. , May 29, W.Broadway, Franklin & Vaaick Sts. WM. A. SELSER. 10 VINE ST., PHILA.. PENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and bi-swax. Send samples. TIIHJ BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 171 :© ® :© FEEDIHG BACK Honey to secure the completion of unfinished sections can be made ven- profitable if rightly manag-ed during the hot weather of July and August. In "Advanced. Bee Cul- ture " may be found complete instructions regarding the selection and preparation of colonies, preparation of the feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping of the combs, time for removing the honey, and how to manage if a few sections in a case are not quite complete ; in short, all of the "kinks" that have been learned from vears of experience and the "feeding back" of tons of honey. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. Z. HOTCHINSOH, Flint, Mich. :© © Mutti's ::: lEY EXTRACTOR PKi;i' KCTION tld-Blast Smokers Squ&re 6I&SS Hopey jArj, Etc. For Circulars, apply to (has. F. Muth & Son (^or. Freeman A Central Aves., ('incinnati, O. Send lOo. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. 1-97-tf Please mention the Rnuiew. Bee5 & Queeps For sale, (.^ni'i-n.'j $1 00 each. Hees by tlie lb. Sl.OO. One frame nucleus and i|ueon, 82.00; two frame nucleus and riuoen, ?:i..')0. Barred and white Plymouth Rfick okks ff>r hatching, 81.00 for \h. Mrs. A. A. SIM PSON, .^.g? .It SwartR, Peun. Please mention tha Fieuiem, JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, &H. 813. 81S, 817 Eabt Oib St.. New Yorlfo Beo keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a fall line of supplies at regular prices. Our specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK, 62 Cortland St. , N. Y. City WARRANTED PURELY MATED. GOLDEN OR LEATHER COLORED Italian Queens. (^ueeufi are healthy, hardy and prolific. Bees are geutle and excellent workers. No disease of any kind in this locality. Dr. Gallup, who has tried queens from most of the leading breeders, speaks as follows : — S.\NTA Anna, Calif., Jan. 15. 1897. Mr Quirin Perhaps you would like to hear from the (|ueen I ^ot of you. The bees are a hcautiiul Koliien yellow and extra good workers. They are just tuiiihling over one another, loaded with pollen, working the strongest of any col- ony in my .vanl. The (juecn is very prolific. Read what Mrs. R. R. Titus, of Mountain Grove, M . w;ote July :M), 1890. Mr Q.iirin -The queen received of you is a fine one, and very iirolitic Her colony has not yet swarmed, but the hive is running over with bees, and 1 have taken otie finished super, sever- al that were partly full, and there are three on tlic hive now— tlie top one sealed. Siriijle iiueeii, ;">(> cts.; six for S^'i.T"). one doz., ^r>.(X). (k)'dan breeders, ^'J.nO each. it ',t7 ofc H. G. ftUIRIN, Bellevue.Ohio. 172 THE BEE-KEEPEha' HEVIEW Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. ¥. StrattonA Son, of New York, and taking my pay in musical merchandise. 1 have now on hand a fine violin outfit consisting of violin. bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius, " Red, French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price $2.^0 The case is wood, with curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3 50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20.00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with The best of satisfaction to herself and teacliers. Her violin has a more powerfnl, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell this on' fit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. Is Here The year 1>S97 is here and we are happy to in- form our friends and cnstfimers that we are bet- ter prepared than ever before to fill your orders for queens and bees. We have the largest stock ever operated by us, and we mean to be ready with plenty of bees and queens to fill all orders without delay that are sent us. Bees by the pound, Sl-OO; ten or more pounds. 90 cts. each. Untested queens for 1897, $1.00 each in Feb.. Mar.. Apr. and May ; 85.00 for six, or $9.00 per doz. For larger amounts write for prices. Have your orders booked for your early queens. Safe arrival guaranteed- Root's goods. Dadant's foundation, and Bing- ham smokers. .\ .steam bee-hive factory, and all kinds of bee supplies. The Soutblz^O^ Quc^rj, the only bee paper in the South, monthly. Si. 00 per year. Send fof catalog, which is almost a complete book on Southern bee-keeping, giving queen rearing in full, all free for the asking. If you want full information about everything we have, and the bee book, don't fail to ask for our 1897 catalog. Tb« J^ntji^ Atcblcy Co., Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich, [fljgi G. M. liONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies, t : Send for circular. 1-96-6 2-9' Please mention the Peuiew^ %/0*yN yv£0£L ScSOM. ff/aM/fll.l..MO, -tf The A. 1. Root C'o's goods tor sale. ^lease mention the Rsuiew. jRDake Youp Own Hives. 3ee ** Heepeps Will save money b}' using- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JNO.BARNESCO., .384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2-96-12 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 173 4i SE6TIONS 5EGTION5 4J Our business is makiug sections. We are located'in the basswood belt of Wisconsin, therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the following prices : No. 1 5now Wbitc. \ No. 1 Crcan?. 5 500 81.25 5 500 1000 2.50 5 1000 20(X) 4.75 ; 2000 3000 «"■ ^ -J 6.75 i 3000 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price List of Sections, Foundation, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc,, Sent on Application $1.00 . 2 00 3.75 5 25 2-97 -8t A\ARSHFIEL.D A\FG CO., A\zir5bfielcl, Wis. Please mention the Reuieiv. f\inn' lrpprovcl ly. Letters writ- ten in (iernian will receive prompt attention. THE MINN. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLY MFG. CO,. { Niccllet Island I'ower Building ) 4-97-tf Minneapolis. Minn. One Cent-^^«^^ :";■*. Invested in a postal card and ■V:'.t.- addressed as below will get my H Large Illustrated Catalogue •.''ir- "'" everything a bee keeper needs. ••";■•• (iet the A. I. Knot Co's. goods of • ;* me anil save freiglit. ."^eiid me a .'•V: list of what you want and see .tv"W what 1 ran do for you. Beeswax •i9-J: bought or made up. M M. H. HUNT. Bell BrancH, Mlcl. »'.V:.^f» .V-'i'-V:,':* •^••■•V:.-«r» . V:» -^v-:* -^ Please mention the Heuiew. ■Mr:--^i^': Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, has accepted a permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Coil Wire 60 01 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- 10() Brood Cases (New Heddon ) at .".'.. . .'.'. .'25 G'< Covers at 15 5.3 B')ttom Boards at 10 5'i Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 30 Escapes at ... 15 7-0 Now Heddon combs at 05 5't Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at 25 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Anyone wishing to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon in(iuiry. VV Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint. Mich. —If you are going to— BUY A BUZZ -SAW, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. 174 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW Tb« Root Mo - Drip Sbipp'OS - Cascj. Why throw away good money on home-made or poorly built casep, such as will let the honey drip through them ? Commission men have told us that honey put ap in our cases brings one or two cents more per pound. A word to the wise is sufficient, Tbe porter Bee - Escape. Acknowledged to be the best in the world. Cleans supers of bees without smoking, brushing or shaking, and without uncapping the honey. Tbe Root - Cowan Extractors have been and are the standard the world over. Packages for Extracted! Hooey. We are headquarters for every thing in this line. The Mew Wee«J Drawn Foun?ioc St. Pl>ilA., Pa. AVccb&Oic Pall?, f\^. TALIAN QUEENS b r ed in the North are more hardy, industrious and fertile than South- ern bred queens. Send 75 cents for an untested queen ; $1.00 for a tested queen ; or $2.00 for a breeding queen. 1-97-12 Wm. H. BRIGHT, Mazeppa, Minn. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Qi -I r>tr>-t-\c' ^ cts.; 3 or more, 50 cts. U.^V5iiO, each ; $5.50 per d.iz. Young tested queen, 75 cts. J. B. Case, Port Orange, Fla. Now is the Time to Re-queen Queens are Cheap. Best untosted Italians. .^lO cts. ; $6.00 i)er doz. Tested, 75 cts. ; $9 HO per doz These are " Shaw Queens." Try them ; every one who has knows they are good as the best. Satisfaction guaran- teed. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LoreauvilJe, La. 3.97-6t Please mention the Review. R Penny Saved is a Penny Earned. Yes, it's better than that, for the saved penny you don't have to earn twice. Well, the WceKIy ^rrjcrica^O Bee ^ourpz^l will help you to save your pennies. It is a real money-saver to the bee-keeper who will road and jiractice its teachings. The regular price is $1.00 a year, or only about two cents per fopy. But in order that new readers may give it a trial we will send it for oply 40 cents from the time that we receive your ■oflM97. Now, the booner you send your 40 cents, the more copies snbsciption to the end of : you will receive. Send Ic stamps if more convenient. Sample copy free . .«4r'»<«ir« .^»»u»»««*»»»»»» GEO. W. VOHK i- which ho was to wend me two queenH from iliHpaBed colonies, .in' F. Denver, Colo. May 2, 1897. 182 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, EiUtor and Prorrietor. Terms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 : three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more, 75 cents each. If it is desired to have the Revikw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so vFhen subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FLINT, MICHIGAN. JULY 10. 1897. The Purity of Italian bees is determined almost entirely by the markings of the workers. Smoke at the entrance of the hive only drives the bees up into the supers, hence only enough should be used to divert the guards at the entrance when supers are to be removed. So says A. B. Mellen in the Pacific Bee Journal. Better use bee escapes. Salt sprinkled plentifully around and in front of a hive will kill the grass and keep it from growing again. I supposed every- body knew this (perhaps they do), and yet I frequently see advice about putting down sand, gravel, ashes, boards, etc. Keep the grass killed for a few inches around each hive and run the lawn mower over the rest of the surface, and we have an ideal foun- dation for an apiary, J. D. Givens, of Lisbon, Texas, together with|wife, babies, bees and home, is pic- tured in the Southland Queen. The house is just a common-looking house and the fence in front of it is a rail fence, but I can remember so distinctly when I lived in just about such a looking house and the fence in front was of the same type, and if you thiuk I wasn't happy you don't know anything about it. A Queen-Matinc; Cage is something that the editor of the Pacific Bee Journal is thinking of building, and he wishes the opinions of his friends on the scheme. Prof. N. W. McLain, when in the employ of the U. S. Government in the role of bee ex- perimenter, made a large cage, using tele- graph poles at the corners, and covering it with wire cloth. Not a queen was mated in it. For some reason the wide, free, open air is needed for the wedding trip. The Weed, Deep-Cell Foundation is not drawn out and filled with honey any quicker than is the case with ordinary foundation, if we are to believe Mr. Brautigam, who writes upon this subject in the Pacific Bee •Journal. If any of my readers have tried the deep-cell foundation I wish they would write me. Sections weigh about sixty-five pounds to the thousand. The wood in 1,000 pounds of comb honey brings $(3.50 at only 10 cents per pound. The editor of the Pacific Bee Journal thinks this fact ought not to be for- gotten when we are considering comb vs. extracted honey. I have known bee-keepers who took pains to have the wood in their sections made extra thick, and one man had two pieces in four-piece sections made of oak because it was such heavy wood. There are tricks in all trades but ours. A Good Season for honey is the present one. I think I have never seen white clover more abundant, although I have seen it yield more generously: but, so near as I can learn, the country over has had an abun- dant honey crop — something as it was in the years gone by. those years that some of us feared would never return. It is a pleasure to know that nature is yet capable of bring- ing about those conditions that will result in a crop of honey. It looks as though an abundance of rainfall (or snow) for several months previous to the honey season has been the one thing lacking in the last few years. Oil Stoves in the bee cellar are con- demned by most of those who have used them. As ordinarily used they ought to be condemned. Have a tin hood made to go over the top of the stove and a i)ipe from it passing up through the floor and connecting with the pipe of some stove in use above the cellar, and there will be no more condem- nation. That is the way I have used mine for several years, and it is entirely satisfac- tory. There is no odor whatever. The trouble with tlie oil stoves in the cellar, as ordinarily used, is that the gases of com- bustion are left in the room. I once used an oil heater for my office in the fall before the coal stove was started, but discarded it because it made the room seem so close and bronght on a headache. TEE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 183 Wide Fuames often sag, or rather, the bottom bars do, and this causes a crack to appear between the tops of the sections and the top bar of the wide frame. Somebody, I have forgotten whom, wrote me awhile ago that he put a short piece of wire around the middle of each wide frame after putting in the sections, drew it up snug and gave the ends a twist to hold them together. This prevents all sagging of the bottom bars. The wire used is the same as that used in wiring frames. It is but the work of an in- stant to remove the wire, and this man says that it does not take nearly so long to put on the wire as it does to scrape the sections if it is left off; besides, they look whiter and cleaner if no propolis ever touches them. Introducing Queens is almost always a more or less hazardous undertaking. The usual way of releasing them now-a-days is to allow the bees to open the cage by eating candy out of the entrance. Mr. W. H. Pridg- en says in his catalogue that it is an im- provement to release the escort that accom- panies the queen and then replace it with the same number of real ijoung bees taken from the colony into which it is proposed to introduce the queen. It is more difficult to introduce queens to hybrid bees than to any others that I have tried. Sometimes I found it necessary to make them hopelessly queen- less before I could succeed. Take away the (jueen and all of the unsealed brood and bees will accept a queen invariably, unlesB they have been a long time queenless — at least, such is my experience. W. H. Pbidgen, of Creek, N. C, has got- ten out a most interesting catalogue and price-list of queens — the most interesting, I think, of any I have seen. In it he describes the methods he uses, which are practically the Doolittle. Instead of scooping up the larva upon the point of a stick and trans- ferring it to a cell-cup he has a plan where- by the cocoon at the bottom of the cell i» taken up with the larva upon it. Thus the "cradle, baby and all is transferred without even waking up the baViy." Illustrations are given showing the tools used. Those interested in queen rearing ought to send for this catalogue. Mr. Pridgen is making a specialty of five-banded bees, having fifty colonies of straight, five-banded stock. He also supplies (jueens from imported stock, but mated to five-banded drones. The Colob of Queens is affected by the temperature at the time they are being reared. Some one made this assertion in the American Bee Journal and it aroused Mr. McArthur, of Canada, so that he con- tributed several columns to that paper in trying to prove the incorrectness of the assertion. I think it possible that Mr. Mc- Arthur did not exactly understand the mat- ter. He may have thought that these writers meant that queens reared in cool weather thereby received a taint of black blood. From reading his article I am inclined to that view. It is a fact, however, that queens reared in cool weather are often quite dark compared with those reared in hot weather. I hafe often noticed it. 1 do not know as the progeny of such queens will be any darker. 1i»U»lUiU»^^U" Foul Bbood receives considerable atten- tion this month in the " Extracted Depart- ment " of the Review. There is one other point that I failed to touch upon in my com- ments upon Mr. McEvoy's excellent articl«, and that is the idea that foul brood develops from dead brood; that is, brood that has been chilled or starved, or been killed in some manner. Mr. McEvoy warns bee- keepers to keep dead brood ont of their hives, as it is likely to develop foul brood. I believe Mr. McEvoy once receded from this position, and I am sorry to see so sen- sible a man take it up again. Those who differ with him on this point are called " professional guessers." A man does not have to have experience with foul brood in order to see the folly of such a belief. A late freeze one spring once destroyed con- siderable brood in many of my colonies. No foul brood developed. In making up nuclei for queen rearing I have often had brood that starved from neglect — so many of the bees going back to the old hive. (I have since learned how to obviate this diffi- culty.) No foul brood came about as a result. There have been thousands of cases like this all over the country. THE NOBTH WESTEUN CONVENTION. I have never attended any better conven- tions than some of the meetings of the North \Vestern in Chicago. I once heard our lamented T^angstroth characterize ot.e of the meetings of the North Western as the greatest gathering of large, practical bee 184 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVlEVb , keepers that he had ever attended. Chicago is the railroad center of one of the greatest honey producing areas in the world. Not only this, but in October or November there are almost always very low rates on account of some exposition or fat stock show, or something of this sort. All these things combine to bring together a crowd of prac- tical bee-keepers. Several years ago, in a thonghtless moment, the North Western was merged into the Illinois State. I was out of the hall at the time that the amalgama- tion was effected, and don't know the line of argument or thought that was used in sup- port of this plan, but the result was that the North Western was killed without doing the Illinois State a particle of good. It is one of those examples showing "what's in a name." But very few bee-keepers outside of Michigan will attend a meeting of the Michigan State convention, even though it be held in Detroit. It's the same way in Illinois, even though the convention be held in Chicago. It's the name that does it. There is a feeling that if it is a meeting of Illinois bee-keepers very few outside of Illi- nois will be there. People outside of the State don't feel as though it was their con- vention. Call it the North Western, and everybody within reach is ready to go. All this may seem silly, but it is a fact just the same. A writer in the last issue of the American Bee Journal urges that the North Western be revived, using practically the same argu- ments that I have done, and is most heartily seconded by the editor. The editor also re- quests all who are interested to drop him a postal, and if sufficient interest is manifest- ed he will issue a call for a convention to be held in November during the fat stock show, when we can get to Chicago for almost nothing. This comes at the time of the year when we can get away from home, and the weather is the most delightful in the year. If you are in favor of a revival of the North Western, an association of bee-keep- ers that can be about as useful as any on this continent, then write to Geo. W. York, 118 Michigan street, Chicago, and tell him to go ahead and issue a call. BTJIiES FOB THE GBADING OF HONEY. This subject is coming to the front again. It is a very difficult if not an impossible thing to formulate a set of rules that will suit everybody. The first set was gotten up by the North Western. Then the North American took them up at Albany and changed them over completely. Not only this, but our Eastern friends exhibited a sort of disgust or contempt for our Western rules, and I must admit that I had a similar feeling when I saw what the Eastern breth- ren set forth. The next year the rules were again hauled over the coals at W'ashing^on, and I must admit that, in my opinion, the Washington code is as good as we will get. L%t's examine it a little. Here is the fancy grade: — " All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness, firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb un- soiled by travel stain or otherwise; all cells sealed except the rows of cells next the wood." I have raised thousands of pounds of comb honey, and three- fourths of it would meet all of these requirements. There is no trouble in raising honey in which the sections are well filled. Fill the sections with sheets of foundation and the bees will attach the combs all around to all four sides. Nearly all of the honey that I have ever seen will meet this requirement. There is no trouble in getting straight combs. If sepa- rators are used the combs must be straight. They can't be otherwise if the sections are filled with foundation and the hives set level. These same factors will result in combs of even thickness. Neither is there any trouble in getting all of the cells capped over except the row next the wood, and this row will be capped if it contains any honey. If the sections were tilled inside of wide frames there can be no propolis or travel stain except on the edges of the wood, and these traces can be scraped off, and when they are scraped off they are not there. By using a sharp knife, or a piece of glass, even the suspicion of a stain can be removed from the wood. As Bro. Crane says in Gleanings, "let us be accurate." The combs will not be travel stained if not left on the hive too long. The principal "kick" seems to be against this fancy grade, that the require- ments are too strict. I would feel like say- ing, if you can't produce honey that will come up to this grade, why object to it if others can? But the objections come from men who, I feel sure, produce as fancy honey as anyone. It is possible that I dc not look at things as some others do; in fact, it is evident that I don't, but it does seem THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 185 as tlioutili, if we are to have a set of rules for gradiuj,' lioney, that we should have ouc grade that is perfectio , even if but little honey ever reaches that tirade. If a man by superior skill and great care succeeds in producing honey that ks- perfection, he should have his reward in finding a grade in which that honey belongs. I think one trouble is that many of the bee-keepers seem to think that the bulk of their crop should go in as fancy. This is not as I understand • it. '• Fancy " is something extra. Whether the bulk of a man's crop should be " fancy " or not depends very much upon the man. (ileaniugs and its correspondents have quite a little to say on this subject in the July is^sue, and I wish there was room to copy some of it, but there isn't this month. The editor says that be- fore Gleanings adopts another set of rules they must know that they meet the approval of those who have criticised the Washington grading. How about their meeting the ap- proval of those who approve the Washington grading? I tell you, Bro. Root, we will never get a set of rules that will suit every- body, and every time that it is brought up be- fore the leading association of bee-keepers it will be changed. If everybody made the same criticism there would be no trouble in righting matters, but what one considers a fault another looks upon as an excellence. THE BUFFALO CONVENTION NOTICE. Sta. B, Toledo, ()., July 4, 1897. Mb. Editob: — Will you please say in the next issue of the Bee-Keepers' Review that the next annual convention of the United States Bee- Keepers' Union will be held in the main hall of Caton's Business College, corner of Main and Huron streets, in Buf- falo, N. Y., commencing at 10 o'clock a. m. of August L'4th next, and closing on the afternoon of the "JUth. Papers are to be read by \V. Z. Hutchin- inson, R. F. Hulterraaun, E. Whitcomb, Hon. R. L Taylor, Mrs. L. H'lrrison, R. C. Aikiu. G. M. Doolittle, Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Hon. Eugene Secor, Geo. W. Brodbeck. M. B. Holmes, A. E. Manum, E Kretchmeraud P. H. Elwood, to which will be added the president's address, and perhaps the general manager and the secretary may have some- thing of interest to present. The programs are now iirinted and in the hands of the secretary. There are six bee- keepers' songs, with music, in the program, and abundance of time is allotted to the discussion of all papers and for the asking and answering of questions. Anyone not a member of the union can have a program sent them by mail on re- ceipt of five cents in postage stamps by the seci-etary. Several of our well-known bee-keepers, such as A. I, Root, Dr. Miller, S. T. Pettit and others who are not on the program, will be present to help make the convention in- teresting and instructive. It is probable that suggestions will be made at this convention in the line of so amending the constitution of the union as to remove its objectionable features and add such other provisions as may seem desirable, and suggestions in this line by those not able to be at the convention can be sent to the secretary, to be brought before it. Some suggestions have already been received by the secretary and others have been in the bee papers. Those going to the convention should buy round-trip tickets to the Grand Army of the Republic encampment (not to the United States Bee-Keepers' convention), which meets at Buffalo during the last week of August. The G. A. R. has secured a rate of one cent a mile each way in the territory of the Central Passenger Committee, which is included by Toronto, Canada, thence on a line to Port Huron, Mich., all of the south- ern peninsula of Michigan: Chicago, Peoria and Quiucy, 111., St. Louis, Mo., Louisville, Ky., and Pittsburg, Pa. The Western Pas- senger Association and the Trunk Line As- sociation make a rate of one fare for the round trip in their territory to places in the Central Passenger Association, from which points the fare will be one cent a mile each way, but tickets must be purchased to Buf- falo from the starting point. Inquire of your ticket or station agent in all territory outside of the above named for rates and the time the tickets are good for, for I have been unable to learn the rates in such terri- tory, but presume it will be the same as that of the Western Passenger and Trunk Line Association; but be sure to inquire of your ticket agent as above suggested. In the Central Passenger and Trunk Line territory tickets will be good going on the 2l8t, 2:^d and '_';!d, and if vised at Buffalo will be good, returning, for '■'/) days. 186 THE BEE-KEEPEhd' MEVIEW Mr. O. L. Hershiser, of Buffalo, has charge of arrangements at Buffalo, and will attend to the matter of hotel rates. He writes: " I purpose obtaining accommoda- tions in private families for all bee-keepers who prefer such to hotels." Members of the Union can learn in regard to hotel rates by applying to the secretary at the place of the meeting. If known in time hotel rates will be given in the bee periodicals. A.. B. Mason, Secretary. [I know that all will most thoroughly ap- preciate the motive that prompts Bro. Hershiser to try and find places for us at private houses, but I think that all who have attended many conventions will agree with me that the best part of a convention is held at the hotel where we stop. If we are all broken up into little squads of two or three or half a dozen, this delightful little social feature will be lost. In this connection it might not be well to forget that the hotels will be terribly crowded, and some of us may prefer the comfort of a private house to that of a squeeze at the hotel, even if a little of the visiting is lost. All right, Bro. Hershiser, go ahead, it's all right just as you say, "for those who prefer such to hotels."— Ed.] A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. HND so you think we have one bad habit, eh? (Review 15.3) We write in support of our editor's position if we favor it — other- wise keep as whist as mice, and so wheedle said editor into thi king that the world is about unanimous on that side. And the editor who takes exactly the opposite side experiences the same thing (vice versa) and thinks that his position has the world's en- dorsement. This exceedingly wise and sen- sible observation has been shockingly slow in getting around. Better late than never. Let us fervently hope that tardiness may not be heli)ed further on in mischief by slowness of penetration into certain editor- ial noddles that need it bad. Yes, yes : very few except clean-gone fools write against an editor in the columns of his own paper. (Corollary. Fools are scarce among bee-keepers.) You see, an editor has the handling of your blow, so to speak; it doesn't hit him at all until he transmits it, and lands it on his own " solar plexus." Takes lots of faith in "ye editor " to trust him to do this. Then he might strike back; and editorial position adds enormously to his power of striking back. The thing might run into a discussion. If, in spite of his advantages, the editor should see him- self in danger of being beaten, he can al- ways throw his antagonist temporarily into disadvantage, and then announce that the discussion has become a bore to the readers, and must be closed at once. And this last announcement is pretty sure to be gospel truth too. In this matter apicultural editors have to suffer for the sins of editors in gen- eral. And this critic cannot quite say that apicultural editors have always shown them- selves above the typical tricks of the editor- ial fraternity. Well here is a " goodly land " that remains to be possessed, and you, friend Hutchinson, in the innocence of your heart, have led us up to Pisgah's top and given us a glimpse of it. Let's keep on reforming until we bring about a state of things in which bee men can and will write in pleasant dissent, just as freely as they now do in assent. Big job — and a long one — it will be ; but I rather think it will be worth what it will cost. First there will need to be an editorial clear- ing of skirts to encourage such unusual con- fidence on the part of the readers, and then patient waiting for faith to take root and grow to fruit-bearing size. You see the boy who stands number ten in the class dislikes to find himself dropped down to number eleven by reason of a few words which he did not need to write at all. And we all, editors and non-editors, are terribly afflicted with the idea that those who agree with us are just a shade wiser than those who disa- gree. I houestly believe, friend Hutchin- son, you need less alteration to make you into the new model editor than any bee editor we have. But even with you, could I write three times in succession dissenting from three favorite fads of yours without causing you to ruminate inwardly, "I fear Mr. Hasty's judgment is not as correct as I have been giving him credit for? " Ho little of the spirit of martyrs have we that we don't even like this petty penalty. The review. "O say, can you nve by the dawn'o early light" — that she hann't gone down or disappeared IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 18? somehow daring the darkness? financially foundered? entire crew of hopes and aspira- tions panic stricken, and i)ulliug for land in the small boats? editorial rudder unshipped by the impact of such biu waves as seldom strike a craft without smashing something? It is highly creditable to the Review that its June number was so nearly up to its high- water mark of excellence. He would indeed be a literary swine who should ask for great or expensive advances just now. Really the thing to be asked for is more subscribers with their " mare-compelling dollars " — that editorial lime and nerve, which is so exceed- ingly precious, need not be spent for writing articles for other papers to get the abso- lutely necessary wherewith to make things move ahead. Dipping into the articles, I notice first that comrade Aspinwall has tried removing pol- len for the mitigation of swarming (Review 148). The rationale of that is easy. Can't raise young bees without pollen and the less pollen the longer time it takes to get ready. Quite likely that is the secret why some very good honey locations are little troubled with over-swarming, while some rather poor honey locations suffer dreadfully — pollen supply scant in the former. I offer myself as an awful example of the latter. Counted 20 sftarms one day (from a spring count of 99). However, my record fails to show quite as many; some mistake somewhere. These are the record figures for successive days beginning June 27th: 1(5, 17, 1.5. 17, 13, a total of 78 in five days. What distressed brother has been deeper in distress than I? Liked to have never got this article written. 0 for a lodge in some vast wilderness, some boundless contiguity of shade without pollen! Our new comrade Lundy gives us some- thing to chew on (Review 14'.(), where he contributes his experience in letting warm air through a bee cellar to warm up freezing celery beyond. Presume he didn't try that for the sole benefit of the bees. Interesting to see that the loss was greatest near the passage through which the warm air flowed. In telling us of his out-door, above-ground clamp he strikes an important point which, 1 think, very often puzzles and misleads veterans, and bewitches experiments. Bees in winter go out to fly — so far so good — but they go in wherever the crowd and the sun- shine seem most attractive. Let the student look a little out. The colony that came through overwhelmingly strong is not a bet- ter strain of bees — neither is its wintering method a better method — it just swindled its neighbors of their population, and that's all there is of it. But as to bee-trapping a colony out of their own home into another to build early comb, or mitigate the terrors of swarming, I feel like an old fox at the smell of a rat trap — or is it superstition that ails me? The electric alarm against bee thieves which you give on page UtS is doubtless a good thing; yet there lies '* in perdu " a cause of failure not often thought of. A neighbor of ours once put up a burglar alarm to protect his barn and stables — a stunning affair, with a dozen or so of mar- bles to run from a tube and drop on an old pan. Well, the neighbors' boys found out about it and kept his pan rattling so con- stantly that he had to abandon it. Glad to see the Australian queen cells re- produced in the Review. They are daisies. And so brother Aspinwall actually tried to cross the honey bee and the bumble bee half and half (Review 119). Bully for him — and all the Darius Greens of experimental science ! Glad he has cheek enough to tell us about it, instead of sheepishly keeping still over the failure. An ideal apiary, with not a tree near, save such as one could stand on the ground and take a swarm from ! Right you are, brother Clarke. Yet both Mahomet and I have at times tolerated the inconvenient location of mountains (and tall trees) when we would fain have made them get up and trot around to satisfy our ideals. A close row of tall, densely grown trees (I have such near my apiary) seems to repel swarms. Individual bees in daily flight find them too dense to go through conveniently and form habits of flight which take the swarms elsewhere when swarming occurs. I've had 2.50 swarms this year so far, and not one of them has located on the above-mentioned rows of tall maples. How much wax is there in the bottom rub- bish and dust under an average colony? I have often thought of saving it by some pro- cess such as comrade Thompson collects for us on page 124— but never had time. If some brother anxious to experiment for the general good will prove to ns just how much wax we lose per colony each spring we will know better what we really want to do aboat it. 188 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW. The main idea of the Ilgen hive (Review 125) seems to me to be a very attractive one, if not, itideei], the winning idea. A two- chambefed tenement, one chamber to be reserved empty for the prime sw irm, then the swarm made to embrace all the flight bees by the simple process of turning the thing around, then colonies consolidated into one in the fall, and the young queen saved. How easily the Wells system of double storing could be roped in for the time when the establishment has two queens. Invalids and weak persons who cannot lift a good weight would find it too heavy doubtless. The exact temperature of bees' bodies was a great surprise to me, and I suspect it will be to the brethren. I'm almost inclined to say that the usually careful Germans have played Frenchman, or Yankee, and made a big mistake. 81^ F. is fourteen degrees lower than I supposed the bees' normal to be. The range is considerable from a bee just thawed out enough to crawl, to the one dying with heat; but this might be expected. From 77^ to 95^ is 18 degrees. The Pettit method of " hurrying up the cakes " in the outside sections by double bee space will doubtless amount to some- thing, wfiether it pays expenses or not. It is in accord with bee nature to have their treasures inclosed with a living shell or hive of bees, and this extra space outside humors this natural.craving. One kind of hives I use has a super, in which top as well as all sides are completely bathed in bees (inven- tion of my brother before I bought the apiary), and it's tip-top so far as storing goes. I don't use these supers much be- cause they require a section too big to sell well. The General Round-up The Busy Bfee, successor to the Nebraska Bee-Keeper, is none the less a new paper from picking up the shoes of a defunct one. It is in fact the most decidedly new paper that has appeared for a long time. If it carries out its announced programme it will have not only a field of its own, but enemies of its own, and lots of them. Any old paper that should undertake to cover adequately the same ground would encounter an ugly tornado of protest from its prosessional patrons — they some years ago agreed that *' contraction " was the only proper manipu- lation in bee culture. But lo, here comes a baby under the banner of expansion, infla- tion, bee-keeping for all creation, and pro- poses to devote itself almost exclusively to the enlistment a'ld upbuilding of beginners. I for one am glad of it. The close-com- munionism of our craft has an ill look. This is a free country. Let the hard shells have their papers; and let there be at least one able paper on the line which used to be popular in this country, and is still popular in Europe — bee-keeping as a delightful way to get acquainted with nature, and earn something too, and make the table a little less bare. I see by Gleanings 4.58 that at the Home of the Honey Bees they are still fuddling with spray pumps. Still adhere to my old position that the whole thing is a self-decep- tion and delusion — three times worse than the pan-thumping of our grandparents. That didn't do ai.y harm, and did lots of good in working off the surplus of human nerve excitement. This does do harm. Bees' sight is not keen enough to discrim- inate between drops of water and flying bees, and when somewhat weary with cele- brating they come right at your spray under the impression that that's the thick of the swarm, where clustering is about to begin. Something to keep two simultaneousswarms apart is what is most sorely needed, and I feel pretty sure that the spray pump tends to draw them together. A centrifugal for filling combs instead of for extracting them is going to be one of the appliances of the going-to-be apiary, I feel pretty sure. Gleanings illustrates one on page 411, the workmanship of George W. Leonard. Combs are filled, you understand, as the natural and best way of feeding bees. By and by perhaps some one will get up an extractor that will either empty or fill combs as one may desire, and so prevent the in- crease of machines to be kept in order. Friend Tjoonard also presents a pair of wooden tweezers to pick up the queen with — not so handy usually as skilled fingers; but ^here is sense and force in what he says about fingers leaving a scent on the queen which causes the bees to ball her when put back. Worse than that, they may sting her to death as quick as a flash. Ernest Root, Gleanings 40(!, says he has extracted stings from several stung queens. So it's not true that a sting thrust into a bee's body always, or even usually, pulls out again. 'I HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 189 A straw, (Tleimiugs 40"), miotes Dr. Latinne to the effect that extra honey in the hive in winter regulates temperature, and bo makes the colony winter better. Tliis may not be so shamefully astray for the mild winters of France and Italy, but I don't believe its orthodox for our fierce winters here. Too mnch like taking a thousand silver dollars to bed with yon on a cold night to equalize temperature. Thanks, Dr. Miller, for the actual fact you give in -that other straw on page 40.'). We cut down fine basswoods (because they are basswoods) and plant in the vacant place little, forlorn whips of lindens, because they are lindens. Sometimes we make two steps of it — displace a German queen by an Italian, and displace the Italian by Punic or Carniolan. Richards, Ohio. •July 8, 1897. EXXRKOXeD. How to Cure foul Brood Among Bees. Foul brood is a much dreaded disease, but it is one that any bee- keeper can get rid of if possessed of determination and the right kind of information. Probably no man has had greater or more varied exper- ience with foul brood than has Canada's foul brood inspector, Mr. Wm. McEvoy, who has recently contributed to the Ameri- can Bee Journal a lengthy article on the subject of curing foul brood. This article reads as follows: — "This disease has destroyed hundreds of apiaries at all times, in almost every land where bees have been kept, and it is tO-day making its deadly march unchecked through the bee-yards of the world. For 17 years I have warned the bee-keep- ers to keep all dead and imtrid matter out of their colonies, 'io a-< not to cause foul brood, and while I have been warning and holding up Death's head and the cross bones, the professional guessers, who were not practical bee-keeper*, have been en- couraging the whole^alf spread of the dis- ease by saying that rotten l)rood in hives of bees would not cause foul brood. Such teaching as that ha-; caused thousands of bee-keepers to be very careless, and when the disease has broken out in their bee-yards, it was left to run its course to the ruin of their apiaries, and all others in the same localities. It is only the very few among many thousands of bee-keepers that have succeeded in caring their apiaries of foul brgod after it got a good start in their bee- yards, and the owners left to themselves to manage the curing. I will now give my methods of curing foul brood, which cannot fail when followed ex- actly as I order. In the honey season, when the bees are gathering honey freely, remove the combs, and shake the bees back into their own hives in the evening; give comb foundation start- ers, and let them build comb for four days. In the evening of the fourth day, remove the comb, and give foundation to work out, and then the cure will be complete. Fill an empty two-story hive with the combs of foul brood that have been removed from two or more diseased colonies, close them up for two days, and shade them from the sun; after that open the entrance, and when most of the brood is hatched, remove those combs, and give the bees starters of fouLda- tion in a single hive, and let them build combs for four days. Then in the evening of the fourth day. take out those new combs, and give them fouudatiou to work out. Let it be remembered that all of these operations should be done in the evening, so that the bees will become settled down nicely before morning. Before extracting from the diseased combs, all the combs that were not sealed musit be cut out of the frame, or some of the decayed brood will be thrown out with the honey. Then after cutting out the un- sealed comb, uncap the sealed honey, ex- tract it, and bring it to a boil. All the foul combs, and the new combs that were built in the four days, must be made into wax, and the dross from the wax extractor, must be buried, because what runs with the wax would not be heated enough to kill the spores, and if it was thrown out where the bees could get at it^ it would start the disease again. When the diseased brood that was placed in the two-story hive is hatched and the bees are given full sheets of foundation, then they should at once be given a queen- cell ready to hatch out, or a young queen ; then everything will be all right. The empty hives need no boiling, scalding, or disinfecting in any way, and are per- fectly safe to use. no matter how b^d the disease may have been in them; and I have always erot the curing done in the same hives. But as the frames get more or less daubed with the diseased honey when the combs are cut out of them, I always order the frames burned as soon as the combs are cut out, because it doesn't pay to waste valuable time fussing and cleaning old frames, when new nice ones are so cheap. Where an apiary is diseased so badly that the colonies have become weak, then all the combs, both in and out .of the hives, should be made into wax at once, and all the colo- nies doubled up at the same time, as it won't pay any person to waste time with weak colonies. In some bee-yards I have put three and four colonies in one, to get fair-sized colo- nies to start on. idO TBE BEE-KEEPERS'- REVIEW. When the curing is to be done before or after the ho ey season, the greatest caution is to be used so as not to start robbing. The curing can be done just as well before as after the honey season by feeding plenty of sugar syrup in the evenings, so the bees will work out the starters of foundation, and store the diseased honey in them, that they took from the old, diseased combs, and when the new combs are removed the fourth evening, and the foundation given, the feeding must be continued to get foun- dation worked out and filled with plenty of good stores for winter. When I find apiaries of foul brood at the close of the honey season, I get the queens caged in all the weakest colonies for about ten days, so that no brood can be started to become foul. I then get the owners to take the brood out of the strong colonies, and tier it up on the weak colonies with the caged queens. Then give the colonies starters as soon as the combs are removed, and feed sugar syrup in the evenings for four days; then remove the starters for foundation. Then at the end of ten days get all the combs taken from the weak col- onies that have the caged queens, and shake the bees into a single hive, give starters of foundation, let the queens out of the cages, and feed sugar syrup in the evenings and remove the new combs the fourth evening for full sheets of foundation, and continue the feeding until all is in good condition. The colonies that were weak when the brood of other colonies was tiered up on them, will be very strong from the quantity of bees hatched out during the ten days. I have to use considerable judgement in curing my foul-broody apiaries, so as to make the cure as profitable as possible, and have every colony a good, strong one when the season closes. It is a very easy thing for one to cure a foul-broody apiary, and soon put it in good order, no matter how bad it was when I started to fix it up in good shape to cure it. But I have found it a very hard thing to handle all sorts of men so that they would cure, and do as I ordered them. When a few colonies in an apiary are found with foul brood at the close of the season, the owner can very easily fix them up all right by removing the combs in an evening in October, when the queens have done laying, and have sealed combs from sound colonies. If the owner has no sealed combs, he must feed until the bees in the sound colonies seal them for that purpose, and then when given to the foul colony the bees won't have any place to store the foul honey they took from the diseased combs, and then they will have to keep it until they consume it: and with no place to start brood, the queen stopped layine, and cold weather coming on, the bees will have got- ten rid of the diseased honey long before brood is started again. Every bee-keeper should have, every fall, plenty of combs sealed over like the best of section honey. I have hundreds of them every fall. I know of many failures in Ontario where the drug system has been tried, and I have many private letters from several localities in the United States where it has been a complete failure. I never knew one cure made by the drug system, and why any man should speak of it as a cure when it is always a failure, is something I can't understand. I will warn all men not to waste their time in tinkering with any kind of drugs in a bee-yard: the best place for such drugs would be in the sea — only it might be a sorry time for the fishes. The D. A. Jones starvation plan will cure every time, but it is too hard on the bees, and completely unfits them for comb build- ing for a time, by making the bees very thin, lean and poor; and the starving some- times almost ruins some of the queens for life. On page 370 of the American Bee Journal I said the dross from the wax-extractor must be buried. Since then Mr. Gemmill has written me, saying that I should have said the dross from a solar wax- extractor. He says the dross from foul-broody combs that were boiled would would be all right, which is very true, and I am very thankful to Mr. Gemmill for noticing that I had not explained what I meant. I meant the dross from all steam wax-extractors, but forgot to say so, and explain why the dross from them must be buried. If foul-broody combs are out in a steam wax-extractor, the honey will run out into the wax-pan, just as soon as the steam warms the honey in the combs, then as fast as the steam melts the combs the wax will run in- to the wax-pan. The common practice with the most bee- keepers and their wives, after lifting out the the wax to heat over and run into cakes, is to throw out dross and honey that was in the bottom of the pans: if the bees get at such honey, and take it to the larvjp, it will start foul brood at once icith a vengence, be- cause the honey got but very little heat that ran into the wax-pan. I want to give a little advice to the farmers that have foul brood in their bee-yards. If you have 10 or I.'* colonies afflicted with foul brood, I want you to prepare things in good shape tlirough the day, by putting the starters in the frames, thus getting all things ready. Then go, about sundown, with a good smoker, well going, and blow smoke into the entrance of every hive near the ones you are goimr to remove the combs from and fix up. Then stand to one side, or the back of the hive, so the bees can see the entrance of their hive, and as soon as you have smoked the colony well, remove the combs and shake the bees right back into the same /ncf, and give them comb founda- tion starters, which you will remove the fourth evening, and give full sheets of comb foundation. If no honey is being gathered by the bees at that time, you tnust feed plenty of sugar syrup in llie evenings or your bees ivill swarm out and mix in ivith your sound ones and ruin them. If you have no feed- ers, use small bread pans, or anything of the kind. Pack them full of straw, then fill Tun. BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 191 them full of sutrar syrup, aud put them on the frames in lln' t'reuiiKjs: by doiii^; that the bees will rush into the feed, soon work out the starters, and store the foul ho'ey in them that they took from the foul-broody combs when you removed them. The fourth evening, when you go to re- move these nice white combs (and see what a lot of combs the bees made in such a short time in the honey-fiow, or by boom- ing them with with sugar syrup), don't leave them in, thinking it all right because they look so pretty. You inust renuyve these new covdm that were Intilt in the four Jays because they ivill have the deadly hon- ey in them, and yon must melt them into vax. When you remove the old. foul combs, if they are very bad make wax of them at once; but if your colonies have only a little foul- brood in them, and a large quantity of good brood, you can make it pay to save it, if you are a careful man, by following the the directions I gave in mv last article. Some of yon will say. ' I have no sugar. Can't I feed the honey from the foul combs if I heat it ? ' Yes, you can if you will mind me: but I do hate to trust|vou, because I know how careless you are. If you are de- termined to feed that honey from the foul broody combs, put in about half water in in it, and bring it to a shari> boil before you feed it. I never advif e the feeding of foul honey, heated by men of no experience, he- cause it is too deadly a thing for greenhorns to tamper with. In localities where little or no honey is being gathered V>y the bees when they are put on foundation starters, they will in some cases swarm out if the queens are not caged. Cage all the queens, and keep thera caged while on the starters, and for two days after they are put on the full sheets of foundation, to prevent swarming'^out: and feed an abundance in the evening: by doing that, all will work like clock-work. Now, farmers, I heg of you to mind me. and do not put off this work until some mornint' when your crops are so wet that yon can't do any thing else, and then go and stand with your two feet right in front of the entrance to the hives, and then com- mence removing the combs and shaking part of the bees in the the hive and the rest on the ground, thus causing the bees to mix into every colony in your bee-yard, to ruin all. If yon have the disease in 10 or VJ colonies, don't tinker with them and lose all by do- ing one or two in a week, and then in a week after doing two more, and then scat- ter the bees about so that they rush into the cured ones that you did the week be- fore, and thn« g<^t the disease back into them again. Do the whole 10 or V2 in one evening. If you can't do that, don't be more than twi evenings at a small lot like thnt. Burn all frames as soon as yon cut the combs ftut of them, because it won't pay yon to waste valuable time in scalding and fn«singwith old, daubed frames, when nice new ones are so cheap. Make wax of the combs just as soon as you cnt them out of the frames. If your apiary is badly diseased, don't, under any consideration, save even one comb either in or out of your hives. Re- member if you do, it will start the disease again. Don't waste your time in boiling, scald- ing, disinfecting any empty hive that had foul brood in it; the empty hives are per- fectly safe to use in any way you wish with- out doing anything with them. I saved many wood-piles, and the people from a world of labor, by forbidding the boiling and the disinfecting of empty hives that foul brood has been in. While on my rounds through Ontario the first summer, I found the bee-keepers everywhere ready, and very anxious, to boil and disinfect all empty hives that foul brood had been in. I could have very easily traded upon the ignorance of the people, by advising them to do so, which would hKve been a very unjust thing forjme to dr. — to cause the bee keepers a terrible lot more work, and waste their valuable time and wood-piles, in boiling empty hives that foul brood had been in. I had jiot the heart to do it, and looked on it as little short of crime on my part, if I did not for- bid it. I forbade it everywhere, and the people are loud in my praise for saving them from a lot of useless work. I always told the bee- keepers that there was no more reason for for scalding empty hives than there was for scalding the bees that were full of the deadly honey when they were put into the hives after the rotten combs were removed." There are two points upon which Mr. Mc- Evoy differs with most excellent anthoii- ties in the matter of treating foul brood; and those are the boiling or disinfecting of the hives, and of allowing the bees to bnild combs four days and then cutting them out and giving thera sheets cf foundation. There are quite a number of other points involved in the consideration of these two. Quite a number of good bee-keepers have tried to get rid of foul brood without disinfecting the hives, only to see it reap- pear, when the same treatment in new or disinfected hives brought success. There is no question whatever on this point. It is possible that a hive that had not been long in use, one to which no attachments of comb had been made, would he entirely free from contamination: hut it often happens that brace combs are built between the frames or combs and the sides of the hive, and when the combs are taken out there will be several patches of honey adhering to the sides of the hive. Such a hive as this must certainly be most thoroughly cleansed. Either the honey mu.st be ALL removed, or 192 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIE)/» else heat or some disinfectant be applied. By the way, there is a cheap, easy and effective way of disinfecting a hive; the trouble and expense is so slight that, con- sidesing that foul brood has developed in hives that have not been disinfected, it would seem there would be little excuse for neglecting it. I have reference to painting them on the inside with kerosene oil, or coal oil, as it is called in some parts of the country, and setting fire to the oil. This scorches a coating on the inside of the hive and certainly destroys all germs of foul brood. It will not answer to shake the bees of a foul broody colony upon drawn combs and expect that there will be no further traces of the disease. The difficulty is that the bees store in the combs the contaminated honey that they have brought with them in their honey sacs, and this honey may re- main in the combs until brood is developed and then be used in feeding the brood, and foul brood is the result. The idea is to be sure that the bees have consumed this hon- ey before there is any brood developed. If they are compelled to build comb, the hon- ey will be used up in wax secretion. When given comb foundation the question is, will the foundation be drawn out sotn enough to receive some of the contaminated honey ? Perhaps this depends upon the temperature. the populousness of the colony and the hon- ey flow. Mr. R. L. Taylor who had charge of the Michigan Bee Experiment Station, has cured probably 100 cases of foul brood in his yard, doing the work at different seasons and different years, and he says that while he would not like to say positively that the shaking of the bees upon sheets of foundation would always result in getting rid of the disease, he has found no neces- sity for compelling the bees to build combs from starters only, and then to cnt out the-e combs before giving foundation. He looks upon it as so inucli time wasted. Right here, however, comes in another i>oinl. It often hai)peiis that during a good honey flow, the honey that the bees carry with them might not contain any germs of the disease. At least, I supi)Ose thi«t this mi ',ht be the case. It is well known that foul brood often practically disappears during a good honey tlow, and then reappears again when the old infected honey is again used as food for the brood. Bees sliaken off during one of these good flows of honey would probably have no infected honey in their sacs. It looks as though Mr. McEvoy was careless in not disinfecting the hives, while it seems as though he went to the other extreme in compelling the bees to build combs for four days before giving them foundation. Disinfecting the hives and keeping the bees building combs for four days before giving the foundation, may both be unnecessary in most cases, but neither can do any harm except that the labor of a good colony for four days is sometimes worth something. ADVERTISEMENTS Either Golden or Im. ported, by return mail. Untested, 75c; tested, '*^»<^ir^^«»^»L»)i»^ $1.00; breeders, $2.00. 6-97-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca, Ark. ;% ests, the possession of a saw mill and r^'}. i / ^j? Page & Lyon \^ \ 1 MF k' red — lined with last Black Albert Twill Sateen and Patent V/.i!,: IJands. Trimming and Work- mar->hip,the very best. S.nme in Sizes for ages lo to 15 years, without Sailor Collar. See Pattern's Below. A CUS TOM MADE TO ORDER \l^ \ MAN'S Si^t iSACK SUIT 07.50 Guaranteed to be made from All Wool, Fancy Hrown, Gray. Black, . or Blue Worsted Corded Cheviot, made In latest siyle, lined with Imported Farmer Satin, trimmed and finished in the best of Custom Tailor manner. You cannot duplicate it in your town for $16.00. Sizes 34 to 42. The same goods made for Youth's, \^C. Ofj to 18, in Long Pants, Coat and Vest,'"- ^" When ordonngsend I'/^i ' XTice, Expre Moccv Order or ReK'^'> ' '>' l.etters, aU.. IRC Ji last birthday, an 1 il l.irge or sm.il for his ije Monev chrer'nlly refundv-d i; no! ijIisOctorv Sen.l .V ^'.imps for f,.)m- plrs i.i;>e measure, me 1 . :-r ■. Mjciks. etc How to measure for Men's and Youths Suits M e a s u r e around the Breast and Waist over the Vest, and from Crotch to Heel for Pants. We Paj^ Ex- press Char- ges, and should you not feel satis- fied will refund the money. Uemember You buy direct from one of the largest Clo- thing Manu- facturers in America. 194 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW . The "fiigginsville" Smokef, The above cut shows the "HIGGINS- VILLE " Smoker. Fig. 2 shows the nozzle thrown back for filling. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draft. |^~ " The 'Higginsville' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " J. M Morse, Holden, Mo. ^~ Price of smokers, 75c ; 3 for $1.80; by mail add 25c each for postage. Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFQ. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Pleaf"' mention *he Reuiem. Franklin House Cor Bates and Larned 8ts Very central. Elevator srrvice stearn heat, electric liglits, tile floors, etc. RatesfLSOtofipci day. H.H JamesA Sons, Props. DETROIT; MICH. m M J My foundation is made by a pecujiar pro- { i cess ( no dipping boards used ) \^ich re- S % suits in a superior article -one that can't ? 1 be surpassed The best goods are none too S 5 good, and the lowest prices none too low for i % these times, and I can furnish both, not only 5 5 in foundation but a full line of bee-keepers' % \ SUPPLIES. I { Send for a catalogue and be your own judge. J i Wax wanted at 26 c cash or lift c in trade, de- J I livered. AUGUST WEISS, 1 I 4 97-10-t Hortonville, Wis. J Please mention the Reuiew. o •§& S5 o ^^ CD 99 B > ■ji CD B *S o B « Oi o B E & s- 2 o ? ■^ -. a J5 •^ ^ 3- B ^=1 » in B o < W O 0) CD a p. H c a- B 5' TO CD iq sr (6 f^ B B C« 111 Di 5' S' E sr 95 9: "S. S' "-J PP 3- a hH =r B- |^ n » cc r^^^ 05 ft r* O- B 2. R 5 FREE 1 .^ 1 1 1 .1 1 v ^ copy of Successful Bee-Keeping, W. Z. Hutchinson, and our 1897 catalog for a 2-ct. stamp, or a copy of the catalog for the asking. We make almost everything used by bee-keepers, and sell at lowest prices. Our Falcon Polished Sections * are warranted superior to all others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made goods when you 9 can just as well have the BEHT— such as we make. a THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a 50-ct, .)•;-,, age monthly now in its 7th 2 year. Sample free. .Vddress "W. T. FALCONER Mfg. CO., Jamegtown, N. Y. 5©o*?®<'^#<^ THJL BJHE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 195 Finest Sections In the Market. We wisli evpry Bnbscriber of tho Review to send us their nanieH on a pf I ^— 4-96-l2t Phase mention tl wiein. ^.^^^fc I^T^ '■^^^ •U^T-"''j)oV''DtlJ'^/^p' See That Wink ? Bee Supplies. Root's go-ids at Root's prices. Poddkb's Honey .Jahs Prompt ser- vice. Low freight rates. Catalog free. WALTER S. POUDER, 162 Mass Ave., luflianapoJis, Ind., the only exclusive bee supply house in Indiana. tf yoii. wish the best, low-d price — TYRE - WRITER, Wiite to the editor of the Review. He has an (M(>ili taken in payment for advertising, and he wijwld be pleased to send descriptive circulars r>i. Ui correspond with any one thinking of buy- iog such a luachine. and 3-band(:(l ALBIffO bees thnt have no su- p»-ior8 as honey gatherers. Queens for sale. For particulars addrcs&s J. D. GIVEN8, Lisbon. Tex. 4-*l7-()t Please mention tho Review. BEESWn EXTRilGTOIIS. Tlie only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by team . Send lor dpscriptive, illustrated cata- imjHe to C.G.FERRIS, I ,«; tf South Columbia, N. Y. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. The Laml of Honey, The Italy of America I Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 86;') E. 2nd St., Los Angeles, Cav''ornia. % 4-97 12 .♦'Our Prices are woirth look- ing at Wo are making the new Champion Chaff Hive with dovetailed body and supers and a full line other Supplies, and we are selling them cheap. A postal sent for a price list may save you $ 8 $ 8. R. H.SCHMIDT & CO.. Box 187 Sheboygan, Wis. A Full Line Of Bee Keepers' Supplies, Queens, and Bees, Apiaries handled on cononission and loca- tions selected. Honey for sale in car lots. 4-97-6t W. A. WEBSTER, Pylema, Calif. Bsst on Earth. 19 Years Without a Complaint, 'SWD **"""'""'"*'' " Dozen Each W Brrsm'oker Smoke Engine [g^X*, „,ade j * '"''^ «*"^^ ■ " ' »'3.00-mail. »1.50 '!il /VV— i, Doctor Wi " •■•• 9-00- " 1.10 \\ /''^ if Conqueror 3 " .... 6.50- " 1.00 \C-W 'Large 2^ \\ • •H'^" " ' 22 -!*-•■» Plain 2 " ... 4.75- " 70 ■^1 ffflTs Little Wonder (wt. 10 oz.) 2 •'.... 4.50- " 60 ' '''\ Honey Knife ; • 6.00- " 80 j I For further description, send for circular. AUG., 1897. At Fliqt, Mid^igar^. — Oqe Dollar a Year. 198 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViJuW. ADVEJ^TISIflG t^flTES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discoonts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times. 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On 80 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Iiist. 1 will send the Review witli— Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) ... $1.75 American Bee Journal (new) { l.lHi) 1.75 Canadian Bee Journal (1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ..; ( .50) ... 1 35 American Bee Keeper ( ..50) 1 .40 The Southland Queen ( 1.00) 1 75 Ohio Farmer I 1.00) ... 175 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( ..5') 1.10 Farm Poultry ( l.OOj ...1.75 Rural New Yorker . ..( 1.00) ... 1.85 Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . . 3..50 The Century ( 4.00) 4.50 Michigan Farmer (1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer (100).. .. 1.75 American Agriculturist (100) 1.75 Ladies' Home Journal ( 1.00) 1.75 The Independent (New York).. (3.00) 3..50 Ladies' World ( 4") . . . . 1 .25 Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15 Harper's Magazine (4.0'). .•• 4. !•• Harper's Weekly ( 4 00) 4.20 Youths' ('o->'panion (new) ( .1^( ... .2 35 Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.00) 3 50 Cosmopolitan ( l.OO) 1.90 It will 'd9 notice I that in order to tecnro these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and tlie Youths' CompHidon. the subscribers to these Journals must be NEW. If it i^ any convenience, when sending in your renewal to the Review, to include your renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full price must be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington u>eeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and combunsoilcd by travel-stain, or otherwise ; aU the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the t«rm8 white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," NiiO. 1 dark,'' etc. CLEVEL.\ND, OHIO.-We quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 12>^; No. 1 white, 11; fancy amber. 8 to 9; fancy dark, 7 to IV^ ; white extract- ed, b ; beoswax. 28 to 30. A. B. WILLIAMS & CO., May 14. 80 & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. KANS.AS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows: No 1 white. 12 to 13; fancy amber. 11 to 12; No. 1 amber, 10 to II ; fancy dark, 9 uo 10; No 1 dark, 8 ; white extracted, 5 to 5l, 11 to 12 ; No. 1 white, 9 to 10 ; fancy amber, 7 to 8 ; No. I amber, 6 to 7 ; fancy dark, 6 to 7 ; No. 1 dark 4 to 6; white, extracted, 5 to 6; ambei, 4 to A]A ; beeswax, 23 to 28. BATTERSON & CO.. Aug. 2. 167 . extracted, 5 to 5^^; amber, AV> to 5; dark, 4 ; beoKwax. 2t) to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN. Aug. 4. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. NEW YORK. N. Y— Very lit+lA comb honey on onr mai-ket : some demand for white comb at 10 to 11. Extract.ed is arriving quite freely, hut the market is rather weak and demand light; southern averaee common grade. 50c ppr gallon ; better quality. 55c to 60c per gallon. California light amber,"''>4 to i%\ white, 5 to 5!^; beeswax, some dem.nnd at 2fi to 27. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT&CO. July 19, W.Broadway, Franklin & Varick Sts. WM. A. SELSER. JO VINE ST.. PHIL.A.. PENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and beeswax. Send samples. IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 199 '3 :© FEEDIHG BACK Honey to secure the completion of unfinished sections can be made very profitable if rig-htl}- manag-ed during- the hot weather of July and Augfust. In "Advanced Bee Cul- TUKE " may be found complete instructions reg-arding- the selection and preparation of colonies, preparation of the feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping- of the combs, time for removing- the honey, and how to manag-e if a few sections in a case are not quite complete ; in short, all of the "kinks" that have been learned from years of experience and the "feeding back" of tons of honey. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U, S. or Canadian. HOTCHmsON, Flint, Mich. Muth's : 10NEY EXTRACTOR I'KRFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers S<|U2ire Glass Honey Jz>.r^, Etc. For Circulars. :ii>pl.v to ( ii \s. F. Mdth A Son Cor. Freeman &. Ceatral Aves., Cincinnati. O. Send lOo. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepere. 1-97-tf Please mention the Review. 11 If So- 1 hip SHIPPING CASES, when crated for shipment, reach the market in that dry. clean, tidy condi'ion so attractive to bnyers. Not to nse them is penny wise and ponnd foolish. Write for priceB. Cash paid for beeswax. M. H. HI NT. «.<»7-tf B"ll Branch. Mich. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesal" Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, Bll. 813. bl5. bl7 Ea^t 'Jth St.. New Yorfc Pltaee mention tie fleuitu. Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of snpplies at regular prices. Our specialty i- Cook's Complete hive. U. H. M COOK. 62 Cortland St. , /V Y. City WARRANTED PURELY MATED, GOLDEN OR LEATHER COLORED Italian Queens. Queens are healthy, hardy and prolific. Bees are i^entle and excellent workers. No disease of any kind in this locality. Pr. Galln{.', who has tried queens from most of the leading breeders, speaks as follows : — Santa Anna, Calif., Jan. l.'i. 1897. Mr Quirin— Perhaps you would like to hear from the ijneen I t;ot of you. The bees are a beautiul jrolden yellow and extra pood workers. They are just tumbling over one anotlier, loaded wit;> pollen, working the strongest of any col- ony in my yard. The rjuecn is very prolific. Ry.id whit Mrs. R. R. Titu*. of Mountain Grove, M- . w:ote July m, 1)^%. Mr. Q iirin— The 7 5t H. G. QUIRIN, Bellevne,Ohio. 2C0 THE BEEKEEPERS' REVIEW, Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. StrattonA Son, of New York, and tjikinp; mj' pay in musical merchandise. I have now on hand a fine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius, " Red, French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price $2.50 The case is wood, with curved top, varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3.50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20 00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell this ou'fit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. M. IjONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. l-%-6 Please mention the Review. 5-BANDED BEES! My strain of five-banded bees is as fine as there is in this country. For tiie truthfulness of this assertion I refer by permission to the editor of the Review, who, for several years has been buy- ing queens largely of most of the leading breed- ers. My stock is sufficiently large to enable me to fill orders by return mail. If you want queens from good stock, I can furnish them at the fol- lowing prices: Untested. fiO cts. each. Tested, with five-band- ed bees Dredominating, 75 cts: nine-tenths to nearly all five-banded. $1.01); breeders, $2.00. Tested, in whose progeny five-banded do not predominate, .50 cts. I have only a few of the latter class. W. H. PRIDGEN, Creek, Warren Co., N. V. ( Money Order office, Warren ton.) 8-97-lt Send for free catalogue of BEE HIVES. Improved Winter Cases, Section Shipping Cases Comb Foundation, and everything used by bee- keepers. Orders filled promptly. Letters writ- ten in German will receive prompt attention. THE MINN. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLY MFd. CO.. ( Nicollet Island Power Building ) 4-97-tf Minneapolis. Minn. Pitiase mention the Reuiew. F^ake Voup O^A/n Hives. 3ee ** Keepers Will save money by using- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Rnby St., Rockford, Ills. 2-96-12 i'ttJL tft^L-KJi^JblPERS REVIEW, 201 4i SEGTIOiSS 5EGT10N5 1 r Our business is makiug sectious. We are located in the basswood belt of Wisconsin, therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the following prices : No. I 5now Wbitc. ; Mo. I Creani. 500 1000 20(X) 31)00 M.25 i 500. 2 50 5 1000 4.75 > 2000 6.75 5 3000 $1.00 . 2 00 . 3.75 . 5 25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price List of Sections, Fonndation, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc,, Sent on Application. A\ARSHFIEL.D A\FG CO., A\2vr5bfiel<6 Ky.... Kans. La .... Mo... Minn. Mich. Mass. Md . MisH. N. Y. Neb.. N J.. N. H. N. {;. 144 226 . :i8 500 . 270 1,320 Ut6 ... 66 . 70 1.122 27- '.'. l.!0 .. P5 .. m New Mex 22 Oregon 60 Ohio 1,000 Penn 645 R.l 37 H.C 40 Tenn 112 Tex. Utah... Vt Va ... W. Ya. Wiish . . Wis ., 225 40 160 110 118 . :» 432 W.Z.HDTCH1N80N. Flint. Mich. Dovetailed Hi^^es, Sections, Smokers, Queen < ages, and everyti.ing ne«Hled in the apiary. Warr.inted Italian queens 75cts, each. Two frame nucleus, with a ipiei-n, $2 60. Send for catalog. DE.\NES & MINER, Ronda. N. C. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, has acceoted a permanent position in Arizona. au(i wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and 1 told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him ou commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 (^oilWire 60 61 Section Cases { Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 100 Brood Cases ( New Heddon ) at 25 6S Covers at 15 5.1 Hnttom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 30 Escapes at ... 15 7iONow Heddon coml)s at 05 51) Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at 25 .-Ml of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or throe seasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Any one wishing to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon incpiiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. — If you are going to — BUY A BlJ^Z-SAW^, write to the editor "f the Review. He lias a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. 202 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEn , Tbe Root Mo - Drip Sbippiog - Cases. Why throw away good money on home-made or poorly built casep, such as will let the houey drip through them ? Commission men have told us that honey put up in our cases brings one or two cents more per pound. A word to the wise is sufficient, Tbc porter Bee - Escape. Acknowledged to be the best in the world. Cleaiis supers of bees without smoking, brushing or shaking, and without uncapping the honey. The Root - Cowan Extractors have been and are the standard the world over. PacHages for Extracted Hooey. We are headquarters for every thing in this line. Tb^ New Wee cts ; mail,30cts. : 24 pieces 50 cts. ; mail, 60 cts. ; and if we can catch up on orders for the small lots wo will furnish it in half pound packages at 7.5 cts. with other goods, or 60 cts. prepaid. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Branch oiiices at Main office and factory, Medina, Ohio. I 18 /Aicb. St.; Chicago, Ills. St. Paul, A\inn. 5yr2kCU5e,ff. Y. 10 Vine St. Pljila., Pa. A\ccbaoic Pallj, f\^. TALIAN QUEENS ^'^l '^ ^^^ ^ North are more hardy, industrious and fertile than South- ern bred queens. Send 75 cents for an untested queen ; $1.00 for a tested queen ; or 52.0(1 for a breeding queen. 1-97-12 Wm. H. BRIGHT, Mazeppa, Minn. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint. Mich. Qt 1 f:%,^-r\a. ^ cts. ; 3 or more, 50 cts. U.Vs;^tfHi3, each ; $5.50 per doz. Young tested queen, 75 cts. J. B. Case, Port Orapge, Fla. Now is the Time to Re-queen Queens are Cheap. Best untested Italians. 51) cts. ; 86.00 per doz Tested, 75 cts. ; $9 00 per doz These are " Shaw Queens." Try them ; every one who has knows tliey are good as the best. Satisfaction guaran- teed. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LoreauvilJe, La. 3-97 -St Please mention the Review. R Penny Saved is a Penny Earned. «««<<««^ »>"»»*»*» »^»»»»*»«»«^«<^<» Yes. it's better than that, for the saved penny you don't have to earn twice. Well, the WceHly ^rpcrican Bee journal will iielp you to save your pennies. It is a real money-saver to the bee-keeper who will read anfl ))rnotioe its teacliings. The regular price is $1.00 a year, or only about two cents i)er copy. Rutin order that new readers may give it a trial we will send it for only 40 cents from the time that we receive your subtciption to the end of 1897. Now, the sooner you send your 40 cents, the more copies you will receive. Send Ic stamps if more convenient. Sample copy free ■*^**^^m^*^«^»"»^»»^^^».^»^^"»« GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 JVIieh. St., Chieago, Ills. T})e See-JKeepeps' |Ae\^ie(.o A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to i\]e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $L00 A YEAR. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL, X, FLIN" ilCHIGAN, AUG. 10, 1897. NO. 8. The Season— Experiments with Non- Swarmers, Etc. L. A. ASPINWALL. Like the sound of the cataract's roar. The hnm of onr bees ii-- heard as of yore. 13' CERTAINLY, the continuous hum of bees for more than three weeks during op- pressive! y warm weather, had a sem- blance of the mo- ll (it on o us roar \\ h i c h character- izi's that of Niaga- ra, aud added to the monotone was the inability to keep pace with onr bees in removing and supplying supers. The season has been extraordinary in many respects, and the honey yield phenom- enal; never have I known its equal. This extraordinary yield appears still more phe- nomenal, when but eighteen months ago bee keepers were bemoaning the condition which seemed to indicate that our honey sources were being obliterated by the wood- man's axe, and a succession of extremely dry seasons. But following these conditions comes the present seas(in with an unprece- dented amount of white clover. Where none was visible last season it completely covered the ground. It seemed as though an angel had come down and sowed it thickly, far and wide. This has led me to consider how, in the face of apparent death, comes such an abun- dance. Surely Nature is founded in wisdom and her resources are indestructible. Has not the seed accumulated during the past five or six years of drouth, and the requisite amount of moisture necessary to its germi- nation and extension by the rooting tendrils given us more than could have been ex- pected: and has not Nature more than ever before displayed lier marvelous stores? In connection with, or rather preceding this extraordinary condition, the weather was unseasonably cold, and unfavorable to the flight of bees. My hives having been well packed until a few days preceding the honey flow, which opened suddenly with warm weather on the 10th of June, were overflow- ing with bees, even in my large hives (although supplied with dummies), which placed them again in the condition of swarming hives. I became extremely anxious as to the situation, wondering if it were possible to hold them from swarming with such a sudden change of temperature, accompanied by the great flow of nectar, also an unusual proportion of field bees with perfect or unworn wings (by reason of non- use) compared with the middle aged or comb building bees, which would naturally carry honey to the latter faster than their ability to care for it, clogging the hive and increas- ing the tendency to swarm. 204 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, In keeping the Review posted as to my experiments in this line, I must acknowledge failure this season, and thank friend Hasty for sparring up my courage in giving it at once (Review, page 187). Swarming was greatly retarded by use of the dummies and late compared with my neighbors, most of the swarms being between the 20th and 30th of June, some of the parent colonies having stored upwards of forty pounds previous to the issue. At first thought I attributed the failure to new dummies which I substituted for those of last season, but upon reflection, seeing that my hives were too small and the season unusually favorable to swarming, concluded that possibly it was not in the dummy, but a return of the crowded condi- tion like that of swarming hives. My hives have a capacity for but eleven frames, and upon careful consideration have concluded that with a space for fifteen or sixteen, a little less than half of which could be oc- cupied with dummies, better results might be obtained. I am really surprised that the additional room for three frames (occupied by dummies), should have produced such satisfactory results heretofore, and to have retarded swarming to the extent it did this season, all things taken into consideration. There was, however, a noticeable fact pre- sented which has given me great encourage- ment for the future uou-swarmer. It was the unusual number of bees which remained with the parent colonies almost without ex- ception. So strong »vere they that the stor- age of honey in the supers was continued or resumed in two or three days, and which has given me an average of about sixty pounds per colony, with about forty pounds more in sight; some sweet clover, however, will be mixed with the latter. Although the flow was great and tended to fill the bee keeper with enthusiasm, still the brood chambers are very much clogged with honey, to the exclusion of brood. This of course is unfavorable to the best results just at present, still, with a favorable season from this out, although not in a basswood locality, I shall look for at least 100 pounds per colony. I learn that the intensely warm weather has ruined a few colonies by softening and breakage of the combs in this and doubtlefs many other localitiis: still none of mine have suffered. The dummies favor ventila- tion, and should one comb soften and drop from the top bar the dummies would pre- vent further disaster by holding it partly in place. 'Three or four years ago I had several hives in which a single comb became detached while the others remained intact by reason of the dummies. Another advantage derived from the use of dummies is that already alluded to in af- fording more perfect ventilation, and with the additional room prevents the usual crowding or clustering on the outside during warm weather. The result has been, and is, that no loafing colonies are found in my apiary. There is a marked difference in the aggregate amount of honey stored when every colony in the yard is doing some- thing. Of course the equalization of colo- nies during the month of May, as set forth in a previous article, is the prime essential to such a result. The conditions which have changed from time to time in bee keeping, as in all branches of human affairs, are marvelous. The revolution caused by the invention of movable frames and comb foundation has enabled the specialist to produce a much finer product of comb honey at greatly re- duced cost. We look at the quotations to-day and compare with the price of thirty or forty years ago, feeling as though the bottom had dropped out of bee keeping. But when the Quinby system was in vogue and honey com- manding twenty-five cents per pound, how much were we able to secure per colony as compared with to-day? If an average of twenty-five pounds per colony was obtained it was considered a good one. To-day we are far in advance of that, with a price com- mensurate with the outlay. The advent of movable frames and comb foundation were at the time of high prices, and those who first occupied the field en- joyed the golden age of bee keepmg. To-day we are upon a better basis as re- gards profits than when honey commanded twenty-five cents per pound. We can pro- duce at least three times the quantity, and with factory-made supplies at a cost not ex- ceeding the per centage of former years. I am speaking strictly in reference to honey production. True the value of, and sale of colonies was greater than to-day. The abundance of No. 1 clover honey this season will doubtless have a tendency to de- press the market, especially as many who keep a few colonies will sell their surplus at what may be offered them, considering it clear gain. Bee keepers should be firm in THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 205 their prices and be careful to offer uoue but their best iu the first or fancy grade. This seasou will be oue to establish a superior grade which must be attractive both as to quality aud style of sections. Takinu iuto consideration the downward tendency of prices in all lines, any compen- sation by further increase of production would have a tendency to lower the market still more. We cannot afford to increase our product as to lessen the cost of production, and as an illustration, the reason 1 am working to pro- duce a non-swarmer is to that very end. And I think the trouble and annoyance of swarming is fully equal to all the other work during the honey season. Jackson, Mich. July 24, 1867. Dr. A. B. Mason Defends and Explains His Position A. B. MASON. rv yDITOR Review ij — If you knew just how mad I am at you. that even temper of yours might be rufHed, tC^^A.W^ *iiid you might not ^^wKF A. feel so free to drop —wfw ^^^^^ iuto our home "at all hours of day or night" for a place to eat and sleep and have a good visit. In the Review for June 10 last, on page l.>} you say, '"Thos. G. Newman I be- lieve to be an hone?t man." Well, who's said he isn't? / never doubted his honesty. Then you go on to say, " I say this because there is an item in Dr. Mason's article that might be construed to the contrary." Well, some people are given to "constru- ing" things and often make great blunder- ing "insinuations." I have no recollection of ever having even " iii;iiuuated " that Mr. Newman is not an honest man, but honest men sometimes make great big blunders. Now what did / say that you say "might be construed into an in.-inuatiou " that Mr. Newman is not honest;' Here it is. • As he has shown himself unfair in a portion of his report, may it not be a i^roper question to ask, is the balance of the report to be relied on as correct?" 1 can answer that question myself, and truthfully, too, by saying it is a proper question to ask, and no one, not even an editor, has a right to " insinuate " that I believe Mr. Newmou is not honest. There are statements in the report that seem not to be borne out by the facts, but you need not say that I say, or " insinuate," that Mr. Newman is not a truthful man, for I don't. I believe that he thinks he is right in his statements, and that he is " doi g God's service." So did Saul of Tarsus when he was persecuting Christians. Men may be honest and truthful and still make false statements. Many a scientific fact (?) has been established by scientists and accepted as correct by the whole scientific world and "the rest of mankind" that were afterward found to be absolutely without foundation, being absolutely false. So, many of the statements in the report are not founded on fact, but I don't say that its maker is un- truthful, and I believe he is sincere, but he's certainly not posted, and I'm prepared to make good my assertion, provided he means what he says. On page 179 of Review for the present month, July, under the heading, "A Protest from Mr. Newman," he says, "I am sur- prised at the malignity displayed by Dr. Mason and others towards me. charging me with ' dishonesty ' and heavens knows what, simply out of spite and chagrin." I hardly know what reply to make to that, but if Mr. Newman were here by me I should probably say something like this, " I haven't tlie slightest malignant feeling towards my deluded old friend, and have not charged you with being ' dishonest.' I have not a particle of ' spite ' against you or any one else, and my only feeling of ' chagrin ' is because of the unwise course you have pursued in this whole matter," and I honestly believe I voice the feelings of every other one who has had anything to say or do in this matter from the very beginning to the present mo- ment. To be sure, I've generally spoken very plainly, as the occasions might seem to de- mand, but for .Mr. Newman, or any one else, to say that 1 have had the least feeling of "malignity," "spite" or "chagrin," except as above indicated, is to speak without a knowledge of facts, and from my stand- point, having seen much private correspon- dence that a kind Providence will not permit 206 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVl being made public. I believe that Mr. New- man is the only one that has shown "malig- nity," "spite" and "chagrin." I was not in the least disappointed at the result of the vote last January by the Na- tional Union, and several can testify that the result was as I predicted, and to Mr. New- man justly belongs the credit, if such a course as he pursued may be called a credit to any one. I know this is getting rather lengthy, and the subject is distasteful to me, but I must notice some things in Mr. Newman's last paragraph. He says, " I have made a report every year, just in the same way exactly." If you have the second report you'll find a much more complete report of expenditures than the last, or in fact, in any that I have preserved, although others may be even more complete. If, as Mr. Newman says, the report "has been the report of the General Manager, not report of the Advisory Board," and the ex- pense of publishing such reports has been defrayed from the fuids of the treasury of the Union, it has not been done by any authority outside of the General Manager, for the constitution requires but three things of him, namely, to act as " secretary and treasurer," to send out " blank ballots," and to receive the one dollar entrance fee of members. No report is required of him, nor of the Board. The constitution provides that "the funds of this Union shall be used for any purposes in the interests of the pursuit of bee culture, when such are approved by the Advisory Board." Now who has been using the funds of the Union (dare I say dishonestly?) with- out any authority whatever, if the expense of these reports, "criticism" and all, have been paid from the treasury? Again we learn (?) through the General Manager that "that board is only advisory to determine what cases shall be defended. (See the constitution.)" Well, I "see the constitution" says, " the officers shall con- stitute an Advisory Board, which shall de- termine what course shall be taken by this Union upon any matter presented to it for action." The italics are mine. No one but the Advisory Board has any power, except in the three matters before indicated, and still the General Manager would have us be- lieve that he alone " rules the roost." " The manager is General Manager," and "it's no use your kicking." " Hand over your dol- lars and I'll spend them just as I see fit " SBems to be the thought I get from reading between the lines, and 1 think when the "creature gets to be greater than the cre- ator " it's time for the creator to bring the creature to time. If your readers could see what comes to me unsolicited in letters from those who send their dollar membership fee for the U. S. B. K. U., in regard to this matter, you'd be amazed at the unanimity of sentiment against the course pursued by the General Manager. Now, Mr. Editor, I may have spoken too plainly, but you know I'm not given to " go- ing round the bush," and I can prove the truthfulness of all my statements, I believe, or I'd not make them, and every bit is said with the kindest of feelings towards my old- time friend Newman, and "with malice towards none, with charity for all." Sta. B, Toledo, 0. August 2, 1897. Rapid Filling of Sections ; Drawn Combs Behind in the Race. WM. CKAIG. Friend H. — I want to tell you how quickly I had twenty-one sections (■i^:ixi^^) filled and sealed over. I used starters of founda- tion iS inches long by l^o inches wide. I use the Heddon old style supers, and they hold twenty-eight sections. I put this super of sections on the hive on the Md day of July and took it off on the Gth witti the sections all completed except the front row ot seven sections, which was almost ready to seal over. The hive that I put this super on had al- ready two supers on it; one was about seven- eighths full and the other about half full. Instead of raising both supers as I usually do, I only raised the top one and put the empty one in between the ujiper and lower supers. The only reason I can give for the front row of sections not being completed as soon as the rest is that I raise the front of all my hives about one inch high from the bottom board. I have failed so far to get drawn combs completed as soon as these starters of found- ation. Luce, Mich. July 2G, 1897. [This is the most rapid tilling and sealing I ever heard of. I one year had several col- iiJi BE±^-K£EPERS' REVIEW^ 207 ouies timt drew cut, to tlie fullest extent, tiie f«uiidatiou iu all the sections in a Hed- dou super and filled tlie cells with honey, and a few colonies repeated the operation three times iu succession, but it was a week or ten days before the honey was capped over. — Ed. J Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. ITU USTRALTAN BEE BULLETIN.— James xi. Benuet has found that very good honey may be produced with tlie solar extractor, differint^ very slightly in color and not per- ceptibly iu taste from ordinary extracted honey, by substituting^ wire netting of ""s in. mesh for the wire cloth or sheet iron of tJie Doolittle solar extractor. This coarse wire netting is not suitable for the melting of old combs. "A (jueen may be the very best in one dis- trict, transfer her to a different climate and elevation and she may be the very worst for breeding purposes. Some years ago 1 bought two queens from a well known breeder in another colony: they were beau- ties, very prolific and their stocks very in- dustrious. I had therefore no hesitation in breeding largely from ttiem at tne end of the season to requeen the apiary. Judge of my dismay when in early spring both breed- ers and their workers died in globo and eighty out of the ninety stocks I had re- queened from were liadly afifected with paralysis, not a few shariug the fate of tl.e parent stocks .... Any new queen I put (m probation now for at least twelve months, but raise a few queeus from her at once, for the queen and lier workers Tnay acclimatize very well and yet the prot,'eny of her daugli- ters wliich weie mated to drones from local stocks may be undesirable." — K. Henhue. " My experience is that it is a decided ad- vantage to have the entrances as much in the sun as [los ible. Tiiose with a shady en- trance 1 find cluster around the entrance a great deal more than if e.xposed to the sun's rays." — G. H. .\rkinstall. "Instead of reducing the entrance |in robbing] or covering it up with straw, I simply place a drone excluder iu front of the hive and I find that it neids very few bees to drive back robtjers when ttiey have to crawl through the excluding zinc." — "A. A." One of Mr. Munday's colonies, badly af- fected with foul brood, was robbed com- pletely by the rest of the apiary, but the dis- ease did not spread. (I have heard of two such cases of robbiug diseased hives near Denver without evil results.) Another case was reported in which a swarm took posses- sion of a deserted foul-broody hive without the disease developing. A writer entitled "The Drone" thinks bees tell the condition of the honey flow in advance by their activity or the reverse in breeding, as shown iu a very marked way by the experience of the past three years, thus agreeing with Dr. Metelli. L'Apiculteube. — M. Devanchelle states that a queenless colouy dwindles in spring not only from the death of the old bees, but also because the bees enter neighboring hives^ He has often found that by giving a weak colony a queen in March it very soon becomes much more populous, on account of the return of the bees which had lert it. A slide over an extra hole in an escape- board makes it convenient for cleaning a pile of extracting supers over a hive without lifting, according to M. Devanchelle. AVhen the slide is closed the bees leave through the escapes. Culouies on frames of the Dadant depth in his apiary winter better than those which are deeper than wide. He thinks the reason is that no heat is lost above the cluster, Kevue Inteknationale. — The experiments of Ch. Dadant in shipping (jueens from Italy showed that water furnished in the shipi)ing-CHges caused diarrhoea and the de- struction of all the bees. When shipped with(jut water tluy came through in good condition. L'Apicoltoke. — According to Sig. Karuc- co, wax may be prevented from cracking by lining the molding vessels with i)aper. The wax thus has no point of attachment strong enough to crack it. Tommasso Ganzoni goes a step farther and makes the molds out of paper altogether. A sheet of paper may be folded at the corners so as to make a tray, and this is laid on a level table, sur- rounded by any articles at hand which will keeji the sides from lopping over when filled with wax. The editor says sometimes the capping of cells containing pollen are much more con- cave than those containing honey, but it is not an infallible sign. Denveb, Colo. June S, 18'.t7. 208 THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW* Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBIilSHBD MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Editor and ProDrletor. Terms :— $1.00 a year in advauce. Two copies 81.9(J ; three for $2.70 ; live for $4.00 ; ten or more, 75 cents eacli. If it is desired to have the Revi iw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otlierwise, it will be continued. FLINT. MICHIGAN. AUG. 10. 1897. Basswood has been a failure in many lo- calities— don't forget that in estimating the honey crop. Queens will be thrown out of the mails again unless some folks are more careful than they are in putting them up for ship- ment. Use- a good strong cage and be sure that the queen can't get out. De. Howell, who has a notice in the ad- vertising columns of the Review, has been our physician for years, and I can unhesitat- ingly recommend him to those of my readers who may need a physician. The Pbogbamme is out for the Buffalo convention. It contains half a dozen bee songs and music. It is sent free to mem- bers, or for five cents to others. Write to Dr. A. B. Mason, Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio. The Canadian Bee .Joubnal copies from the Scientific American an extract from a very interesting, illustrated article showing the rapidity of the wing vibrations in the flight of bees. The vibrations sometimes reach l.'j,r>4() strokes per minute. A Fight to the finish has always been the result when T put two laying queens to- gether, and I have done this several times when Italianizing black and hybrid colonies. I mention this because the subject is being discussed in the American Bee Journal. Mr. J. C. Wallenmeyeb writes very graph- ically in the American Bee Journal of his experiences at the fairs in exhibiting bees and honey, selling honey lemonade, giving pie eating contests, etc. If rightly managed such exliibitions lead to the sale of consider- able honey. Packing should never be so thick that the colony cannot get the benefit of the warmth when the day is pleasant and sunny, for, if the colony becomes weak and not able to heat the hive, it becomes to the bees a ver- itable refrigerator, says R. C. Aikin in the Canadian Bee Journal. Membebship is steadily increasing in the U. S. B. K. U. The Secretary writes me that there are now about 175 members. He also says that he has recently helped bring two commission firms to time. He says that they come to time "easy" when the Union gets after them. ; Honey Leaflets, not to exceed 500 to one person, will be sent free by the A. I. Root Co., of Medina, ( )hio, to their sub- scribers or to any who have bought goods of them this season, the postage to be paid by the one to whom they are sent. Postage is 15 cents per 100, or 50 cents on 500. VVateby-appeaeing capping in comb honey is much more prevalent with the yellow than with the dark varieties of bees, the Cyprians being the worst bees in this line. Mr. Doo- little says in Gleanings that bees from mothers many generations removed from imported stock are more likely to give combs more nearly approaching those built by the black bees. Gleanings has a new dress of handsome type, and is also printed on a new press. In commenting upon the changes the editor says that while they do not claim to make the best bee journal, they think that they are "keeping up with the procession." Yes, Gleanings is fully entitled to all that she claims in this respect. Fall Feeding, how to manage the bees so as to avoid this, is asked in the Canadian - Bee Journal, and answered by fifteen cor- fhtJL Bkk-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 209 respondents, requiring about two pnges of space, and it seems to iiie, after reading the replies, that Mr. Johu Pirie summed it all up in the one line in wliich he gave his views: '• Don't take too much honey from them." ■>i'u»^«ji*»«*» Low Temperature and lack of ventilation is condemned by R. C. Aikin in the Ca- nadian Bee .lournal. He believes that in our earlier days we did not keep the temperature high enough. With the temperature at ;?0° to 40 the tendency is to stagnate the ventila- tion and precipitate moisture on the honey and in the hive. A temperature of 40=' to r)0 and hives well ventilated is better. «T<«^Wi'»«^»^» The Bee Master is the name of a new journal published in Sheffield, England, by John Hewitt, the sole end and object of which seems to be to make out Mr. Cowan to be the meanest person on earth. It is possible that Mr. Hewitt may have some cause for complaint, but starting a journal simply to enable one to publicly berate some one is too much like biting off one's nose to spite one's face. ii»it»fc»u»^^^» New Laws are not needed in order to prosecute and convict those who sell adul- terated honey, says C. P. Dadant in the American Bee .Journal, and he relates how a neighboring firm was cheated by a man who sold it paraffine as beeswax, and this man was arrested for obtaining money under false pretenses, but was finally let go upon paying all costs, damages and expenses and a fine of S7.5.00. Mr. Dadant very pertinent- ly asks. " Can't we keep Mr. Glucose from passing himself for Mr. Honey in the same way this was done?" This Year has been a good one for honey in most localities, but not in all. It is true that supply dealers have had the biggest trade they ever had: but tliis alone, ought not to lead to a decision that there has been such an enormous crop, as the poor seasons that preceded this one have discouraged the buying of supplies, and the present harvest caught most bee keepers short of supplies. To allow dealers to get the idea that there has been, universally, a very heavy crop, un- less this is really true, might cause a need- less tumble in prices. * The Pure Food Laws of Illinois are sent to Gleanings by Herman F. Moore, of Chi- cago, and published in that journal. I agree with my friends Moore and Gleanings that the laws are good enough; that all we need is to have them enforced. Mr. Moore says it all depends upon having an energetic food commissioner, and adds that if Dr. Miller was food commissioner of Illinois at a salary of $8,000 a year, so that he could afford to give his whole time to it, he thinks the adul- terators would soon be in prison. Sheep have often been recommended for keeping down the grass in an apiary, and Gleanings tells how they are used at the apiary of Mr. Burt, near Medina. I see only one objection to their use, and that is that the ground might not be so tidy as we wouH like it. Perhaps I attach too much import- ance to this point. I know that it is consid- erable work to keep the grass down with a lawn mower, but, after all, I think that the comfort and advantages arising from the use of a mower are worth all they cost. Bee Paralysis was brought into the apiary of Dr. Gallup, of California, by a queen that he bought from an Ohio breeder. Al- though he saw many dead bees in front of the hive he paid no particular attention to the cause until he had reared several queens from her and lost them all within a short time. He got rid of the disease by intro- ducing healthy (jueens from healthy col- onies. The Doctor writes about this in the American Bee Journal, and gives some of his experience in poultry raising, showing how diseased birds come from diseased parents. Carniolian Bees are, I think, proving more desirable than any variety of bees, aside from the Italians, that has been intro- duced into this country. I sometimes think that their color is against them: that if they were as beautiful as the Golden Italians they would sweep the country. Mr. J. A. CJolden, of Reinersville, Ohio, had a colony of Carniolans, the only Carniolans that he had, that made a remarkable record the present season. He took away from this colony two outside combs of sealed honey, 137 pounds of fancy white clover honey in 210 TBE BEE-KEEPERa' HE VIEW sections, and there are still in the hive 72 sections from one-fourth full to those nearly ready to come off, with the fall flow yet to be heard from. The queen is one that I sold him, but she came originally from F. A. Lockhart. Stakting Bees to work in the sections is a subject that calls for little attention at this time of the year, but every spring it comes up anew. The last number of Gleanings has an excellent short editorial on the subject in which special stress is placed upon the ad- vantage of having very populous colonies. Of course, with such colonies and a bounti- ful yield of honey there is no trouble, but the opening of the harvest often finds a bee keeper with just ordinary colonies, and a flow that seems to be very slow in getting started. Under such conditions the bees are very slow in beginning wcrk in the sections, and drawn comb are a great advantage. They induce the bees to start, and once they start, they will keep it up, if there is any honey coming in. What Folly to write and publish such stuff as the following that appears in a re- cent article in the American Bee Journal. A writer from Pennsylvania, who signs him- self " Common-sense (?) Bee Keeping," in condemning the bee-space says he could be " induced to give strong reasons for believ- ing that the bee-space in the modern hive figures largely among the causes that favor conditions which develop spring dwindling, bee paralysis, nameless disease, and pro- gress finally to that which is the worst of all, and the end of all— FOUL BROOD." It seems strange, in this enlightened age of the world, that any one can be found that will attribute foul brood, or any communicable disease, to chilled brood. The chilling of brood weakens a colony numerically, that is, there will be a less number of bees in the fu- ture than there would have been if the brood had not been chilled, but no foul brood will develop unless the seeds are sown in the hive, any more than corn will come up where none has been planted. Melted Down Combs have been reported quite frequently this year. This is the re- sult of allowing dark colored hives, or those with a small entrance, standing in the sun unshaded. I never knew combs to melt down in a white hive having an entrance clear across the front, even if it did stand in the sun, but I believe it pays to shade hives during the hottest weather, as the heat will othe:wise practically drive the bees out of the supers in the middle of the hottest days. Much depends upon the location of the apiary, that is, whether it is surrounded by trees or buildings that prevent a free circu- lation of air. In an apple orchard where the trees are so large and the branches so long that the twigs can shake hands with one another is an ideal spot for an apiary. There is then shade both for the bees and their keeper and nothing in the way. AVhere shade must be provided for each in- dividual hive, a light board two feet by three in size is the most practical thing. Since the above was written I visited my friend Koeppen, and in passing through his apiary, while under an apple tree, he remarked that the bees standing in the shade of that tree had done much better than those standing out in the sun. He had several small losses from combs melting down where the hives stood in the sun and colonies were very strong. CONTROLLING SWABMS. E. R. Root writes quite graphically in Gleanings of his troubles this year in con- trolling swarms. As a rule a swarm clusters before leaving, but some of them left with- out even clustering, rising up over the fac- tory buildings and getting beyond the reach of a fountain pump. E. R. says that he has "chased and squirted, climbed trees, and puflfed and fumed," until he is tired, and they have begun clipping the queens' wings, and if customers do not like it they can go elsewhere. Queen traps will enable one to control a swarm with no clipping of the queen, but, do yon know, I have a sort of prejudice against a ^neen trap. I have used them quite a good deal, and I must say that I have never been able to see that there is any disadvantage in their use, still, when I see the bees wiggling and twisting, trying to get through the zinc, 1 feel uncomfortable, and I always experience a feeling of relief when I can remove a trap from the front of a hive. Nothwithstanding all this I should never think of attempting to run a large apiary for comb honey without either clip- ping the queens or using traps. Mr. R. L. THE BEE-REKPERS' REVIEW, 211 Taylor does both. Then a queen can never give trouble by taking wing when the swarm is being hived, or by getting out of the trap, or by coming out with a swarm be- fore a trap is put in place. Uniting Bees is a simple process— simply take the combs of bees from the different colonies that are to he united and hang them together in a hive. If one story is not large enough, use two, and then later, reduce them to one story, shiiking the bees from the combs containing the least honey. If there are several light colonies to be united, the hives may be simply set one on top of the other, and then later the best combs selected and put in one hive and the bees shaken from the other. This shaking pro- cess might be done at the time of uniting, only most of the flyint; bees would return to the old locations, which they will not do after they have become attached to the new location. All of the colonies should be qneenless except one, then there will be little if any quarrelling, and queeniess bees are ready to give up their old location for a new one where there is a queen. It is well to unite colonies as early as possible that they may get things in ship-shape before cold weather. SnipriNO-c.\SKs of the no-drip style are decidedly superior to the old style in which the honey, if any drips from the combs, and this very frequently happens, runs out through the V)ottom of the case and daubs the top of the under case. Dirt and dust stick to this honey, and give the cases a very untidy appearance. The no-drip case prevents all this. I used L'.'>0 cases last year and carted them around them to five State fairs, and only those who have been through such experiences with the old style of case know the comfort experienced in handling dry, clean cases at all tunes. If any one < ■ periences any trouble in folding up the paper tray that goes in the bottom, let him make a board about one-eighth of an inch, or a triJle more, smaller than the inside of the case. Place the shi ct of paper on top of the case, lay on the hoard, and then gently press down upon the board, forcing the paper to the bottom of the case. A nail driven into the upper riide of the board will furnish a handle for removing the board. The lower corners of the board may need rounding off to prevent their puncturing the paper. It may require a little patience and practice to get the board just right and to learn how to use it, but the neatness and dispatch that follow will amply repay the trouble. INSINUATIONS AND MISCONSTRUCTIONS. It was not very pleasant to write and pub- lish the little editorial that appeared in .June regarding the construction that might be put upon some of the criticisms of Mr. New- man, but I am glad that I did it, as it has brought out explanations and assertions that cannot be misunderstood. It is so easy to be misunderstood. For instance, both Bro. York and my friend Mason write as though they thought that / thought that they intended to insinuate that Mr. Newman was not honest. Nothing was further from my mind. I simply said that "it might be construed into an insinuation," and I still think the same. I also think that Mr. Newman's course in this whole matter, from beginning to end, has been a most un- fortunate mistake, but I am glad to know that his honor is not assailed. I cannot close, however, without expressing regret at the spirit exhibited by Mr. Newman towards some of his old friends who have thought his course open to criticism. THE BUFFAI.O CONVENTION. The next annual meeting of the United State Bee Keeper'^^ Union will be held in the main hall of Citon's Business College, cor- ner of Main and Huron streets, commencing at 10 o'clock a. ra., of Augu.-^t 24th, and clos- ing on the afternoon of the 2(!th. Several times before we have talked of holding our convention at the same place as the meetings of the G. A. R., but this is the first time that it has been adopted. Nearly everybody can go for only one cent a mile each way, which is about one-third what it usually costs. The prospects now are that the coming meeting will be one of the best ever held. I know that this has a " chestnutty " sound, but there are several reasons why it is true. First, we have had a good honey crop. Very few go to a con- vention unless they have had a honey crop. How can they? Thfu there are the low rail- road rates just mentioned. Nothing con- duces more to the success of a convention §12 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. than low rates on railroads, and the rates this year are the lowest we have ever en- joyed. And next, the association is now on a new basis, is striking out in new paths that promise to lead to real, tangible, valu- able results, and there is a feeling that now is the time to join, to boom things; in short, there is hope once more in the bee keeper's breast, and the hopeful man is the one to dare and do. The Secretary writes me that he has a letter from a Canadian saying that the writer expected to see as many Ca- nadians as V. S. bee keepers at the conven- tion, and if such proved to be the case they might vote it a Canadian instead of a U. S. organization. The Secretary adds, "Let's enough of us go so that we won't get licked on our own soil." He adds, still further, he will take his wife with him, and that I can ask my "girl readers to meet her there. Let's all go to Butfalo and have a grand time and at the same time give the new Union such a boost that it will be in position to help us if we should need it. THE GRADING OF HONEY. Mr. Byron Walker has a long and able article on this subject in Gleanings for Aug. 1. But I must say that I agree with the edi- tor in thinking that his methods are too complicated. There is too much hair-split- ting. J^ or instance, he thinks that we ought to have at least five shades of color. He would have "amber" and " light amber." Of course, there are a great many varying shades of ho'iey from very dark, almost black, to honey that is as clear as spring water, but if we attempt to recognize them all we are going to have too much machin- ery. It seems to me that the three colors, "white," "amber," and "dark," are as many as it is wise to attempt to use. Some light honey may be clearer or whiter than another variety of light honey, but let us call it all white when it pretty nearly approaches white, and when it begins to show a little color, for instance, a pale straw color, let's call it amber until it is so dark that it must be called dark. We cannot get down to mathematical exactness on this subject or we shall spoil the whole thing. Before me as I write, lie sixteen little bottles tilled with as many samples of differ- ent kinds of honey. Of these sixteen samples I would class only three as dark. These are buckwheat, palmetto and tulip. Orange, wild buckwheat and sumac I would call amber. Alsike, horsemiut, sweet clover, mesquit, basswood, willow herb, alfalfa, white sage, oatclaw and white clover I should class as white. I think that all honeys can be easily brought within these three classi- fications. Travel-stain is another thing that seems to cause quite a lot of argument. Perhaps we do not all agree as to what is travel-stain. Mr. W' alker says that he has for years not al- lowed a slight soiling of the comb surface to exclude a section from the fancy grade, but at the same time he has kept such sections in a case by themselves, and put the " snow white" in a separate grade that he has called "extra fancy." I fear that this is another case of hair splitting. In all the rules for grading that I have ever seen there is no call for " snow white " combs, and I doubt the advisability of introducing such words, or making a grade that calls for this qualification. Comb honey can have an ap- pearance that is far from " snow white " and yet be free from travel-stain. The strain or variety of bees has much to do with the whiteness of the cappings. We all know that black bees, yes, and the Carniolans, cap the honey very white. They make thick cappings and leave a little space beneath them, and this gives the "snow white " ap- pearance, while the Italians produce honey that has a creamy appearance, but this hon- ey with the creamy appearance would not be ruled out of the highest grading by any set of rules that have yet been formulated. Then there are combs that have been in the hive until they are thoroughly capped and the honey thoroughly ripened, and the sur- face has a sort of glazed appearance just as though it had been varnished. Such combs are not quite so white as those taken off im- mediately after they are capped, but in my opinion they are not travel-stained. As I understand the matter, travel stain is a yel- lowish brown color seen upon combs that are left on for a long time immediately over old brood combs in the brood nest. It is easily avoided by removing the combs as soon as capped, or by always keeping un- sealed combs next the brood nest, and I should never think of such a thing as putting travel -stained sections into a fancy grade of honey. I fear some have been calling sec- tions travel-stained when they are not. In Mr. Walker's extra fancy grade he would not have the sections vary in weight THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 213 more than two oances, nud fnrtlier nloiitx lie says the combs must he of uo.uly eveu thickness. At the risk of appearing,' hyi)er- critical I must say that if the combs are of nearly eveu thickuess it is not likely that they will vary in weight more than two ounces, Ijesides, no man will take the pains to weigh each section to see if they ditter in weight more than two ounces. I would not say "of nearly even thickness." While this may be more exact than to simply say "of even thickness," it adds to the verbiage, and we must have short, siniple, general rules that can be quickly read and understood. Of course, we don't expect a man to take calipers and measure the thickness of each section, he can measure it with sufficient exactness with his eye, and it will be in the bounds of reason to say that the combs are of even thickness, although they might vary in thickness one-eighth of an inch or per- haps a little more. It is not as though we were drawing up a legal document. Then there is the matter of the number of grades. Both Mr. Walker and the editor of Gleanings favor four grades, and Mr. Walk- er thinks we even ought to have five in order to find an exact grade for all of the honey that is fit to market. That may be true, but if we are to have a scrupulously exact grad- ing for every section that we may come across, but I feel about this just as I do about the matter of color, if we go to putting in all of these fine points we will rear a structure that will tnmb'e of its own weight. For honey that is tit to ship to market two grades are sufficient. As Mr. Greiner says in last (ileanings, two grades are all that dealers will bother with. Right in this line I would say that combs containing very much pollen, or those that are badly bulged, or very crooked, or unsealed, or only slightly attached to the wood, ought never be shipped to market. If they are, tliey ouglit to be simply marked "culls." I certainly would not have any pollen in a fancy grade of iioney, and not more than half a dozen ceils in a section of the second grade, or that called No. 1 in the Washing- ton grading. Bro. Hoot says that >onie think it better to have no rules and let each one grade accord- ing to his own notion. He then calls atten- tion to the fact that in the absence of rules one lot of honey cannot be compared with another. Without rules a commission man can sell one man's honey as "fancy "but make returns at a "No. 1 " grading. Even with a standard of grading this might some- times be done, but is not nearly so easy, as each party would know what he is talking about, but without rules the bee keeper is completely at the mercy of the dealer. The time to talk about the desirability of a standard for grading has passed. As I have said before, I think that the Washington grading is pretty good. It may have some defects. For instance, it says nothing in regard to pollen, but that could easily be added. Who is it that is opposed to the Washington grading? Dr. Miller, Mr. J. E. Crane, Byron Walker and C. F. Muth, and when we get a set of rules that meels the opposition of only four men, I think that we have done as well as we will probably ever do. I presume, of course, that there aie others who are opposed to the grading now in use, and now that I have said what I have, perhaps they will speak out. Right here let me say that I fear that we have not yet heard enough on this subject from our commission men and dealers; they ought to be able to give us material help on the subject. There is not time for them to say anything in the Review before the Buffalo convention, but the American Bee -Journal or Gleanings could get their views before the public in time to have them con- sidered at that meeting, and I wish that each dealer would write to one or the other of the above mentioned jour als and criticise or approve of the grading that has been in use for almost five years. Da it now. After I had written the foregoing I jumped on the wheel and rode out to the home of my friend Koeppen, whose apiaries were pictured in the December Review for 18'.)(;. He said to me frankly that the=e rules for grading are working against the bee keeper. Speaking of myself, personally, he said, " You have raised no big crops of honey, such as you used to raise, since these rules came into existence. You don't know from actual practice iiow they work. Y'our views are almost whollj theoreticai." The trouble is entirely with tiie commission men. They don't sell the different grades for what they really are. If a man divides his honey into two grades, " f ncy " and "No. 1," the " fancy " will be sold for " No. 1 " and the latter for what might be called "No. 2," away down to 8 cents aponnd when " fancy " 214 THE BEE-KEEFEHS XtEVlEvi.. is being quoted at 13 cents. Whether the honey is sold at such reduction or not, that is the way that sales are reported, and the rules are a screen behind which the dealer screens himself. He will contend that the " fancy " was not " fancy." that there were " so many cells unsealed," or something like that, and what are you going to do? In short, by dividing his honey into two grades the bee keeper (?e£/»«des part of it and there- by loses one or two cents a pound upon it, while he gets no more for the cream of his crop than he would if the lower grade had not been taken out of it, and this, too, when the dealer is honest, and it is worse still if he is dishonest. My friend says that if any one has sent " fancy " honey to market, had it sold as " fancy " and got ' fancy " re- turns, he would like to know it. He did not find any particular fault with the rules as we now have them, but the trouble is that deal- ers do not live up to them, they simply take advantage of them to beat the bee keeper. If this is really true, the same objection can be raised against any set of rules. A standard for grading would be very con- venient, and if lived up to would result in each man getting that which he deserves, and it seems a pity that they should be abused by the very men who, it seems, would be most anxious for their success. Let's hear from the dealers. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. The vinegar question shows considerable vitality, if we may judge by the number of times C. V. Dadant is called out on it. He says you can sell honey vinegar to grocers, but not to all grocers. Some of them want live-cent vinegar. Regular sliding scale of vinegars it would seem. He seems to i)lace properly made honey vinegar at the top — or perhaps second to the best wine vinegar. Next comes malt and cider vinegars, well enough in their way. Then comes pyrolig- neous acid— cheap and doul)tful. Then at the bottom, murderous slop, sharpened with oil of vitriol. Not a practical way to dispose of a whole crop of honey, he thinks. Ameri- can Bee .Journal l8, gives valuable experience with bee stings as curative agents. Before keeping bees he was a mar- tyr to neuralgic toothache. The few stings nearly every day, which most operators get, entirely put an end to his trouble. Lately he has been letting bees alone pretty much, and suddenly the old enemy pounced upon him in great fury, raged in his upper story for awhile and then metamorpliosed itself into neuralgic rlieumatism and went for his legs. At this point he voluntarily took a considerable number of stings in the af- fected members. The result was instant cessation of the pain, continuing up to the time of writing, whicli was some days later. Adrian Getaz, A. B. .J. 27;>, has an able article on Hive Construction. He illustrates several spacing devices which are worth looking at — by those who think they can tolerate spacing devices at all. Space the top by hanging each frame end from a single stout nail, and let the nail rest in a very shallow notch tiled in the tin rabbet — out of which it can be easily pushed. The advan- tages of spacing and non-spacing are both secured in this way. As the best bottom spacer he advises a strip of tin with as many coarse teeth, ^g inch wide, as there are ni. C. H. Dibbern gives tongue, in Gleanings 32.'), to remark that a strange silence has settled on the self-hiver of late. Yes, that's go. Most of the boys must have got tired fussing with it. The best approximation to the self-hiver is to hive them yourself. On page 322 of Gleanings Prof. Cook and Ernest Root wrestle with the problem of fixing a case of comb honey so that ants and all insects big and small will be positively excluded. This is a problem pretty well up iu importance. The hopeful idea finally reached is that paraffine paper can be so cut and so folded that a properly heated flat iron will seal it. G. F. Merriam, Gleanings 323, has raised raisins by the carload and honey in thirty- ton lots the same year: consequently he is a rare individual to talk on the bee versus grape question. According to him the loss to the raisin grower is not very serious. (The man who didn't own the bees would say he lost half his crop.) A cloud of bees like a small swarm follows the pickers all day and goes for each newly picked box. But as soon as the juice which rough handling has started around the stems is HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 2r gone they leave that box and go for the next. Then the grapes have a rest from bees until a heavy dew or light shower makes them vulnerable in places. In that case, a bunch of bees like a b iby's fist may gather and peg away for a week, leavirg nothing behind but skins and seeds. Yet. as said before, the total loss is not large; and the grape-sorting machines easily throw out the refuse. On the other side, too much grape plunder may make a bad smelling mess in the hive and provoke the bees to swarm out next spring. But just enough fresh juice for daily use, in time of drouth and bee famine, keeps the colony in fairly good condition. He suc- ceeded in shutting up his bees, releasing them an hour before dark each day; but there were so many outside ones which he could not shut up that it made no practical difference, and he quit it. Friends .\bbott and Thompson manfully defend alfalfa honey on page :^21 of Glean- ings. If it is off-color some other plant's nectar is mixed in. If it lacks body, or if it granulates worse than other honey, the greedy bee ma has extracted it too soon. Dr. Miller rejoices that so strong a support as K. C. Aikin endorses bottom starters, and is "glad what he did" when he invented them. Baal None of 'em for me — and the least possible of any other kind — 'cept when I can have starters of nice, clean comb. The new substitutes for coffee can he sweetened with alfalfa honey, it seems, and be very nice. Gleanings 'M'2. Gleanings despairs of getting satisfactory grading rules from a convention or conven- tion committee, and is for going in with the other editors to fix things up "apple pie." So! Is it honesty or climate that makes the Kietsche foundation-making device im- mensely popular in Euroi)e but a '"back number" in America? Doubtless it would be popular here if there whs any serious diffi- culty in getting pure foundation without it — so far all clear. Also, it is probable that if Germany had our climate, with savagely hot spells every little wliile to melt down everything not pure beeswax, the German foundation makers would be honest — would have to be, else go out of the business. The " oncertin pint " is whether, in case we had the (Jermau climate, some of our makers would accidentally spill in a little of " the stuff " once in a while. RiCHABDs, Lucas Co., (). luly I'll, 1«<»7. EXXRT^OXED. No Doubt of Mr. Newman's Honesty. In the last number of the Review appeared the following editorial: " Thos. G. Newman I believe to be an honest man. I say this because there is an item in Dr. Mason's article that might be construed into an insinuation to the con- trary. Then there was an item not long ago in the American Bee Journal that might be looked at in this same light. I do think that it would have been better if Mr. New- man had given an itemized account of the expenses, and better still, if there had been an auditing committee, but although these are lacking. I see no grounds for doubting the truthfulness of the amount reported as expended. Mr. Newman has been very severely criticized, and I think some of it de- served, but let us not resort to such criticism that it may be regarded as an insinuation against his honor, when there is no greater foundation than that his report does not give an itemized account of the expenses of the last year." The foregoing was copied into the Ameri- can Bee Journal and commented upon as follows: " We were quite surprised when we read the above paragraph, for we were not aware that there had been anything in the Ameri- can Bee Journal that reflected upon Mr. Newman's honesty. Certainly we have not questioned it at all. If some have miscon- strued our suggestion that an itemized ac- count of the annual expenditures of the Old Union be published we can't help that. It is every member's ritilit to know how the funds of a society lo which he may belong are expended; and we insist that such a re- quest does not carry with it any insinuation that the treasurer is dishonest. We surely would not thus accuse Mr. Newman, for we have known him long enough to know that he is an honest man. The only instance, we believe, wherein we claimed Mr. Newman did wronc was in t>ubli«hiTig his criticism of the New Consti'ution in his Annual Report; and to our mind there is no question about that at all. It was not Ipiritimately a part of the Re|)ort, and so should have been omitted therefrom. We must insist that the American Bee .Journal has not even insinuated that Mr. Newman is rot honest, though in his article on page 2!K) Mr. Newman does a great deal more than to simply make 'insinuations' against our honor. But we can stand that if he can" I am glad to have Bro. York disclaim any intention of even insinuating that Mr. New- man is not honest. I did not suppose that he tliouijht him dishonest, but these criti- cisms, coming at the time and in the man- ner they have, have been liable to miscon- struction, and it is just as well that the 218 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, matter has been brought up and set forth in such a manner that no one can misunder- stand it. Mr. Newman says he has always made his report regarding the finances in exactly the same manner as he did last year, and I believe no one has complained, but that does not prove that that way is best. Bro. York is right in that each member has the right to know exactly how the money is expended. For this reason there ought to be receipted bills for all expenditures, and these bills laid before an auditing committee and their report printed together with all the items of expense. If I were the General Manager I should insist upon such a course. What We are to Expect from the Deep-Cell Foundation. There are few if any more reliable scien- tific writers on bee culture in this country than Mr. Stachelhausen, of Texas, and he has contributed to the Southland Queen the following article on the above subject. " When this number of the Queen will be in the hands of its readers an article on the management ot swarms would be out of season, so I thought it would be just as well to discuss some of the questions of the day and continue the description of my manage- ment of the apiary later on. "The most important question of this kind is: What will we have to expect from the new artificial comb called by the inven- tor and manufacturer 'the Weed-Root drawn foundation '? "Nearly half a century ago the late Baron Berlepsch said, ' Give me all the empty comb I need and I will make the devil dance bare- footed,' meaning he would be able to secure a honey crop never dreamed of before. At that time it was the opinion of advanced bee keepers that bees needed at least ten pounds of honey to produce one pound of wax, and what is of more importance, that bees can fill eight times as many combs with honey as they can build new ones during a good honey flow. At present many bee keepers do not agree with this opinion. Since then, to produce artificial comb has been the main problem, but for a long time it could not be satisfactorily solved. "Quite unexpectedly this problem was solved in an indirect way by Hrusclika, who invented the honey extractor. By this in- vention it was no longer necessary to melt the combs or destroy them in any way to get the honey out of the combs. The combs were saved and returned to the hive, so every bee keeper could accumulate a suf- ficiency of empty combs for the honey crop and could preserve them from one year to another. The invention of comb foundation is a progress in the same direction. The idea was, if we can't produce real artificial combs we can at least give the bees the ma- terial for building comb and induce them to build worker combs when they would other- wise have built drone combs. The impor- tance of foundation in our present method of bee keeping is too well known to say any- thing more about it. "At last P. Warnstorf, in Germany, suc- ceeded in manufacturing a real artificial comb with the normal cell d'epth. The first artificial comb of this kind was produced in Germany about five years ago, but the cell walls were a good deal heavier than those of natural comb, like Schulz's combs mention- ed in Gleanings by E. Root. It is plain that such combs are useful for extracting pur- poses or in the brood chamber, but could not be used in producing comb honey. These artificial combs are in use in Germany. The reason why this invention, like many others, is not utilized in the United States is be- cause the leading journals and manufac- turers prefer the production of comb honey in sections and have very little sympathy for the wants and wishes of the producer of extracted honey. "A short time ago we received the news that the A. I. Root Co. had found a way to produce artificial combs of wax very nearly as light as the natural combs built by the bees. Everybody would think ths whole bee keeping world would yell out ' Eureka!' because the long searched for point is at- tained at last. But no: the new comb re- ceived quite a different welcome. Some call it an adulteration and others a fraud. Queer people, these bee keepersi Gf course, it is nonsense to talk about fraud and adul- teration aid it is not necessary to discuss the matter any more. Some people are against progress and we will never convince them. But how can we explain the opposi- tion asainst such an interesting, if not im- portant, valuable, invention? It is the fear some people instinctively feel if any new in- vention comes up that it will ruin the small producer, cut the price of products and cause over-production. What have we to ex- pect in this respect? Early in the spring I received from the A. I. Root Co. a sample, about two square inches, of the new drawn foundation. Thfl same day I cut a hole in a brood comb and fitted the sample in it. The other day it was fasfened by the bees. Tho side walls were gnawed down somewhat, and the bees had strengthened the outer edsje of the cells like they always do when building new combs or accepting extracted combs. The queen had laid no eggs in these cells and refused to do so for some days. Afterwards th« cells were used for breeding all right. So I know that the new foundation is accepted bv *^he bees the same as the extracted comb. We can reason now for what practical use this foundation will be. "In producing extracted honey a carefnl bee-keeper, if he does not increase the num- ber of his colonies, can keep a sufficient number of empty combs and a quantity of drawn out foundation before or during the honev flow, so that I think he will have use for the new foundation only in exceptional cases, but they will prove very valuable then. THE DEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 219 111 early spring, before tlie bees can Suild combs or diaw out foiiiidaticii. ll^e i.tw comb may be of advautatre iu 'be brood chamber to spread tlie brood. EKperiei'ce will show how much value the uew fo'iuda- tiou will have for this purpose. Later iu the season 1 think it is better to use the old foundation with the so-called round cell walls. For u,ew colonies anil swarms I pre- fer starters to foundation and foundation to empty coiubs, consequently 1 would never use the new foundation for this purpose. I am of the opinion that we already aV)use the foundation in this respect. The main pur- po'^e of the new article is for the production of comb honey. " Lately the question was discussed in bee papers: ' How much extracted honey can be produced as comb honey '? The answers are iiuite differe'it. While some say twice or three times as much and more, others think think they can produce exactly as much comb as extracted honey. ( )f course, if this were true we would have no use for the new foundation. Accordiusi to my experience we can iiive no definite answer. In a very poor season I can get a few pounds of extracted honey from some colonies, while I would not get any comb honey in sections at all. In very yood seasons the difference seems very small. The following will explain this. If the honey How is very good and the colonies strong I sometimes use full sheets of founda- tion between extracted combs and extracting supers. I always found them worked out by the bees at once, filled with honey and capped at the same time as the other cells. In a moderate honey flow this foundation is nesrleded l)y the bees for st)me time. The cells of the neighV)orintr comb are prolonged and afterwards you will find the foundation drawn out more or less and filled with hone>-. but the cells do not have the normal depth. These observations make it reason- able that under very happy circumstances the same amcjiint of comb as extracted honey could be procured. But the production of comb honey in sections has some f>ther diffi- culties for bees. They dislike to work in the small chambers foriiif-d by 4i4x4'4 inch sections and separators. I think with larger Bections, ]\ in. wide, and no separators, more honey could be procured. " If we take all this info enjrsideralion. my opinion is that the new foundation, if it will not cost too much, will lie very valuable in many cases, bnt I doubt if it will revolution- ize the production of cfimb honey or have any influence on the iiriees of the same; so the fear of 'uin by the small producer is surely without reason. " We have to consider another objection against the new drawn foundation. Some prominent bee keepers think it will cause more «o-called ' tish bone' in comb honey. The new foundation Iris tio heavier midrib than the extra thin oltl st^le fctundation though the cell walls are snid to Se a littl« heavier than thosi- of the natural comb. E. Root says that accord in tr to his observation bees work over the side walls and gnaw them in the same manner as the natural comb. Whoever has observed how bees build combs and work out foundation will surely doubt this statement. We see that the outer edges are always stronger at the cell walls than elsewhere. This strengthens not only the comb and gives the bees a sufficiently strong foothold while walking over the combs, but here, too, is accumulated the material for prolonging the cells out for forming the cappings. When the bees cover a comb they never use a comb without this strengthened edge, and if the temperature is t )0 low for them to secrete wax, they gnaw off a part of the cell wax to form this edge. llie working of the wax is always done in the same way as a sculptor works clay. It is entirely impossible that bees can gnaw any- thing from a wall with their mandibles. For bees to gnaw an object they must get it be- tween the mandibles. This is the reason why the midrib of any foundation is never changed in thickness by the bees. If E. Root has observed that the cell walls of the new foundation were thinner after the bees had the foundation worked over, it was be- cause they had gnawed off a part of the cell walls and worked them over in the way des- cribed above. If the cell walls were thinned out to the bottom of the cell, it would be proof for me that the bees had gnawed off the whole cell wall, but then the new foun- dation would have no advantage over the old. But I know that bees do not do so. Bees have no objection to strong cell walls; they accept the Schuiz comb and old combs in which the cell walls are quite thick by the accumulations of the conoons. The bees are not able to remove them except they re- move the whole comb and build a new one. This is another proof of my assertion that 'bees cannot gnaw off anything from a straight wall. E. Root further says that the foundation had a quite different appearance after the bees had worked over it. This is the same with every foundation, and is caused by saliva which the bees always t)rush over the wax when they commence to work it. This saliva dissolves the wax and gives it that opa(ine, roughened appearance. It softens the wax and makes it easier to be worked and stretched. By this prepara- tion with saliva the wax loses the hard con- dition we oViserve in melted wax and gets the appearance and condition of newly built natural comb. "From this theoretical standpoint I do not expect more 'fish bone' with the new foundation than with that used at present, but further experience will prove who is right in this respect." I see by Gleanings of July 1.") that Mr. Root has been getting different hands in the factory to try comb honey built from the new foundati(jn and compare it with natu- rally built drone coinb. The latter was found to be more "' gobby " than that built on the foundation. I wish that he had tried them with hou'-y stored in new worker comV', as we know that drone comb is heavier than worker comb. B'lt it is some- thing to know that the product is lighter than drone comb. 220 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVItJA BE CONTOED, AND GET lOUR IflEH WORTH, We offer thp New Champion Ooub!e-Wu!led Chaff Hive made of the HesT White Pine Lum- ber, from now until Jan. 1, ls9>, ('om(iletp ;incl Painted, with Dovetail Rody and Two Su; ers for ("omh Honey or ExtrHCting; H, 9 or 10 frame hive, with Tliifk-Top. Self-Spacing Hoffman frames, including 2 or 4 folded Tin- Rabbfts, Tin Cover and Double Fotl(rices we as-'k. ESTABLISHED t809. 7ZO ACPEL'. AND PLANTS THE GEORGE A. SWEET NURSERY CO. Box 1165. DAN5VILLH, CJ. Y. Box 187, Sheboygan, Wis. A y J \^5 Page & Lyon k^ \ i MF(i, CO. ' N , V^y^ '^^\ New London, Wis Y^'^. Nearness to pine and basswood for- C'iij factory ec^uiped with the best of ma- %-''^'- chinery, and years of experience, all ©^3 combine to enable this firm to far- ©^ nish the beet, goods at lowest prices. ^^ Send for circtj.iar, and see the prices ©^ ©^ on a full line of supplies. 1-97-tf C^ ©^ Please mention the Review. WRITE U5 Before ordering your sections and wc will give you BOTTOM PRICES on "BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECIONS, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CU.A.TES and other Supplies. We have everything in tip-top order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. J. FOI?fiCt?OOK & CO., Jai. 1st, 1894. Watertown, WiB. rS^£ BEE-REEPERS- REVIEW. 221 BEE-KEEPERS We A\aKc the Finest Lfpe of Qt TDDI |p;C in the A\2vrKet, aqcI sell Therp OUKK L-ICO At Low Prices. Free Illujtrzvted Czvtzvlogue apcj Price Lijt. G. B. LEWI5 CO., Watertowp, Wij. E. T. BBBOTT, 5t. Joj^pb, /^o., 5«Ils our Hives »n\ Cheviot, in Black. I'l.ie, Grey, and Brown, in sizes from 5 to i; years of age. A'.n.v up double-breasted, with Sailor <"'''1-<.- — Collar fancy embri lired — lined with fast Black Albert Tw.ll Sateen and Patent W'.'i^t Bands. Trimming and Work- n;.i--hip^the very best. Same in Sizes for ages lo to 15 years, wilnout Sailor Collar, ."^ee Pattern's Below. A CUSTOM MADE TO ORDER SIS. isA^rsuVl 7.50 Guaranteed to be made from All Wool, Fancy Brown, Gray, Black, or Blue ^^'or5ted Corded (Cheviot, made in latest siyle, lined v>'ith Imported Farmer Satin, trimmed and finished in the best of Custom Tailor manner. You cannot duplicate it in your town for $16.00. Sizes 34 to 42. Th( le same goods made for Youth's, II £? OC 18, in Long Pants, Coat and Vest, w. i,0 When ordtring send V Miiiif V Order or Regi'-' agr jt U<;t birthday, an (or h» jge Monev chec no' Mtisfjclory Send ;c ptei. Ijpe measure, mri^ How to measure for Men's and Youths Suits M e a s u r e around the Breast and Waist over the Vest, and from Crotch to Heel for Pants. This Style. w 0 We Pay Ex- press Char- i;es, and should you not feel satis- lied will refund the money. 222 THE BEE-KEEPEhd' UEVIEW The "Hi||insville" Smoker, The above cut shows the " HIGGINS- VILLE " Smoker. Fig. 2 shows the nozzle thrown back for filling. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draft. i^W° "The 'Higginsville' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " .J. M Morse, Holden. Mo. ^p~ Price of smokers, 73c ; 3 for $1.80; by mail add 2lic each for postage. Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Franklin House Cur Ii;itfs ;unl I.tiiiiec'. .sts Vciv central. Elevator serviif siPMH) heal, electric lights, tile floors, etc. ■ Rates $1.50 to f'i pel day. H.H James &SoKs, Props. DETROIT; MICH. i My foundation is made by a peculiar pro- { i cess ( no clipping bfiards u.sed ) which re- i \ suits in a superior article -one that can't ? 5 be surpassed The best goods are none too s, 5 good, and the lowest prices none too low for ! i tliese times, and I can furnish both, not only t 5 in foundation V)ot a full line of bee-keepers' t \ SUPPLIES. I C Send for a catalogue and be your own judge. J * Wax wanted at 26 ccash or 21t c in trade, de- J ; livered. AUGUST WEISS, i i 4 97-lOt Hortonville, Wis. J Please mention the Review, i^. (x> ■2 X CL o & S- 2 B B < s- -• ,5- =r 2. £ _ ,£ C 5. B OS ct> -.an CD CD CD CD FREE copy of SUCCGSSTLlI BeG-KeCping, W. Z. Hutchinson, t € and our 1897 catalog for a 2-ct. stamp, or a copy of the catalog for the asking. We make © almost everything used by bi e-keepers, and sell at lowest prices. Our ^ Falcon Polished Sections | are warranted superior to all others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made goods when you © ^ €) gi can .iust as well liave the BEST— sucii as we make g a» © O THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a SO-ct, .%-page montidy now in its 7th C J year. Sample free. -Address "W. T. FALCONER Mfg. CO., Jamestown, N. Y. ^ o e ^HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 223 Finest Sections ^1 '" the Market. We wish every sabscrilx'i- of thfi Review to Bend lis their names on a postal, and we will send tlieui our price list for lHfl7. We have all the up to-date machinery for inaiiufactarinB tlie one-piece section, and we make the finest sec- tion at the lowest priee. Don't wait— write to day and oblige the WADZEKA SECTION CO. S-97-tf Wauzeka. Wis. We are headquarters for the Albino ©ees, the best in the world. If you are looking for the bees that gather tha most honey, and are the gentlest of all bees to handle, bny the Albino. I can furnish the Italian, but orders stand .50 to 1 in favor t>f the Albino. I manu- facture and furnish supplies generally. Send for circular. S. WAIi^E^nTIHE, I it7-:u Hagerstown, Md. Please mention the Reuiew- Is Here The year In97 is here ami we are happy to in- form our friends and cnstoincrs that we are bet- ter prt'iiared tlian ever beforf to fill y'»ur orders ff>r ijuecns ;ind l)eeB. We have the largest stock ever operated by us. and we mean to be ready with plenty of bees and ruicens to fill all orders without delay that are sent us. Bees by the pound. Jl.Wt; ten or more iioimds, 90 cts. each. rnt<'Sted . pi. -ens for 1897, 81.(X) eacli in Feb.. Mar.. Apr. ami -May; $5.0(t for six, or $9.00 per r your early ijueens. Safe arrival gUMrantced. Rk on Southern bee-ke.ping, giving queen rearing in full, all free for the asking. If yon want full information about everything we have, and the bee Uiok. don'i tail to ask for our IMf? catalog. Tb« J^nn'i^ Atcbley Co., I! .1 ville, BoeOcTex, A^inn- Injprovc^ Wihtcr C&$« I'.ee hive«.— M-t ious. shipping cases. Everything n-ed by bee keepeis. '()rdnr8 filled promptly. Send for catalog, MINN. BEE-KKKI'KllS' SIPPLY Ml li. CO., Nicollet 1h land, Minneapolis, Minn., (lias. Mondeng, Mgr. This is to R^roipcl You. Flint, Mich., June 29, '67. To OUR Friends and Patrons:— Wo take this method of informing yop that we are now more ready than over to practice medi- cine. The senior member, C. L. Howell, baa herotofore (mly been able to do day work, but now thinks himself able to make night calls as well as day calls. It haR been most ditticultto makeourfriende to understand that C. L. Howell was even able to do any work ; he is not well by a long way, but must work. His very long and severe sickness was ;i cyclone to him. Finances took a drop beyond whtit would be a healthy standard for a banking house. This is why wo take this extraordinary course to have you under- stand that we are ready lif not able) for work. Almost every day we find some one who is sur- prised to know that we do anything. We cer- tainly appreciate your choice regard for our wel- fare in all this great attiiction. and we truly feel grateful for your cheering words for our recov- ery. To those who have stood by us when it meant something to us, we shall never forget yon ; to those who felt just a little different, we shall remember you as well. It is our desire to live in peace with all men. This we will have, if it takes war to bring peace. We are permanent fixtures in this beautiful city, and we are glad to say to you that out prospects are most flattering. They were never so bright as now— we mean as a firm. The junior member, D. 0. Howell, has made a record any one might feel proud of. His success has been phenomenal indeed Quiet in his de- meanor, reserved in ins ways, being hard to get acquainted with ; but when these things are over- come, the people tiave learned to have con- fidence. The mills of the gods grind very slow sometimes, but they all the same grind very sure Competition in this city is very sharp. The one that wears anfl has success is the one who will snceeed. 1). ('., as he is more familiarly called, will con- tinue Operative Surgery. (lyneacology and Ob- stetrics. He will also do General F'ractice. If close attention brings success, we will have it. We giveoar whole time to the work. We wish to say to our friends as much as we desire, we can- not visit just for the pleasure. Our time is en- tirely occupied with our profession. Office open every day except Sunday. Office in the Durant block, nv stairs, llooms 1 and •-'. Finest offiee in the Stiite. (^all and see us. Youth very truly. HOWELL BROS. Physicians and Surgeons. Please nifntion the Review PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOtlEATION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. Thill, Flat Bottom Fonuflatiou HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Being the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN OKUSKN & .SON.S, (holk mandfaottrers), 1-93-tf sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y Please mention tht fteulew. 224 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, OAOANT'S FOUNDATION '^ BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from which, all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, buiut wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DaDANT& SON, HailliltOn, IIIS. ^5 •^1 ^^^^^^ 4-96-l2t Please mention the Reuiew. ^^^^^^ l^\^ %icn^O\llftKi fiO' See That Wink ? Bee Supplies. Root's go (Is at Root's prices. Poudhb's HoNtY .Jahs Proriijjt ser- vice. Low freight rates. Ciatalog free. WALTER 8. POUDER, 162 Mas.s Ave,, Indianapolis, Inrl., tlie only exclusive bee supply house in Indiana. — If you wish the best, low-priced — TYPE - WRITER. Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. B EAOTIF uuV ELiUOW XTHlilHriS and 3-bandod Ai-Bl^fO bees that have no su- periors as honey gatherers. Queens for sale. For particulars addresgs J. D. (iIVENS, Lisbon. Tex. 4-97-6t Please mention ttte Review. BEESWAX EXTRACTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam . Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. 6. FERRIS, 4-96-tf South Columbia, N. Y. If Yby Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Ooqe at the Review. The Land of Honey, The Italy of America I Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 31)5 E. 2nd St., Los Angeles, California. •^«^OLir Prices f 4-97 12 are worth look- ing at We are makingthe new Champion Chaff Hive with dovetailed body and supers and a full line other .Supplies, and we are selling them cheap. A postal sent for a prife list may save you S f $ $. R. H. St'HMIDT&CO.. Box 187 Sheboygan, Wis. A Full Line Of Bee Keepers' Supplies, Queens, and Bees, Apiaries handled on coininission and loca- tions selectod. Honey for sale in car lots. 4-97-6t W. A. WEBSTER, Pylema, Calif. Best on Barth, 19 Ysars Without a Complaint, riargest ■ | tsmoker madej 4 inch stove. ■ m Smoke Engine Doctor ('onqueror Large 2)^ Plain 2 Little Wonder (wt. 10 oz.) 2 Honey Knife -. 6.00 For further description, send for oircnlar, » Dozen Each .813.00— mail, $1.50 9.00— 6.50- 5.00— 4.75— 4.50— 1.10 1.00 90 70 60 80 .T. F. BINGHAA\, Farwell, AVicbigz^O. Sep., 1897. At Fliqt, Miclqigaq.— Oqe Dollar a Year 226 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViJi^W. flD\/Et^TISH^G {^ATES. All advertisemente will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, n times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times. 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Liist. I will send the Review witli— Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) .... $1.75 American Bee Journal (new) ( l.f'H) 1.75 Canadian Bee Journal (1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( ..50) ... 1 35 American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.4(3 The Southland Queen ( l.(X)l 175 Ohio Farmer... l l.OOj ... 1.75 Farm .Journal (Phihi.) ( ..'v)- •• 1-10 Farm Poultry ( l.OOj ...1.75 Rural New Yorker... . ..I 1.00). ... 1.85 Fr ink Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . . H..50 The Century ( 4.00) 4.50 Michigan Farmer ( 1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer ..T.'' (100)., ..1.75 American Agriculturist (100) 1.75 Ladies' Home Journal ( 1.00) 1.75 The ludnpende' t (New York) . (3.00) 3.50 Ladies' World ( 4ii) i .25 Country drentleman ..( 2..50) 3.15 Harper's Magiizine (4.0')- ... 4.10 Harper's Weekly . ( 4 00) 4.20 Youths' (!o 1 panion (new) ('.75( ... .2.35 Scribuei '.s Magazine ( 3.00) 3 ,50 ('osmopolitan ( 1.00) 1.90 It will bi notice I thar in order to eecure these ratfs on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal anrl the Youth's' CompHiion. the subscribers to these Journals must be NEW. If it i< any convenience, wlien sending in your renewal to the Review, to include your renewnl to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full i>rice must be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rales for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all foar sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— .\11 sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the tenns white, amber and dark. That is, there wiU be " fancy white," Ni.o. 1 dark," etc. CLEVELVND, OHIO. -We (juote as follows : Fancy white, 13; No. 1 white, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 8 to 9; fancy dark, 6 ; white extracted 6'/4 ; amber, 5V6. A. B. WILLIAMS fi. CO., Sept. 1. SO & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. KANS.AS CITY, Mo.— The d -m.-ind for comb and extracied is improving and will be still bet- tor as the weather gets cooler. We quote as follows : Fancy whit^. 13 ; No 1 white. 11 to 12 ; fancy amber. 10 to 11 ; No. 1 amber. 9 to ID; tancy dark, S io9; No 1 ! beeswax, 26 to 27. R.A. BURNETT & CO., Aug. 24. 163 So. Waier St., (Jhicago, 111. CHICAGO, 111. — Good honey in clean boxes will find ready sale at following prices: Fancy white. 12; No. 1 wtiite, 11; fancy amber, 10 to 11; extracted. n\4 to 6: amber, 5 to 5'.i. S. T FISH & CO., Aug. 25. 189 So Water St , Chicago, 111. BUFFALO. N. Y. — It is a little early, but quite an amount of hon y is being f^old. We do not advise shipi)ing much till October. ^Ve quote as follows: Fancy white, 10 to 11; No. 1 white, 9 to 10 ; fancy amber, 8 to 9 ; No. 1 amber, 7 to 8 ; fancy dark. 6 to 7 ; No. 1 dark. 5 to 6 ; white extracted. 5 to 6; ambei, 4 to 5 ; dark, 4 to 414; beeswax, 22 to 27. BATTERSON S: CO . Aug. 25. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo. N. Y. NEW YORK. N. Y.— No new comb arriving as yet,exce])ting a few small lots. Our market does not open until about Sejit. Ist. Market on ex- tracted is (juiet with plenty of supply. We quote as follows: White, extracted, 5 to SJr^: amber, 4i/> to 5; dark, 4 ; beeswax. 26 to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, Aug. 4. 120 rice8. Cash paid for beeswax. M. H. HUNT, 8-97-tf Bell Branch, Mich. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, Ml. 813. 815. 817 East 0th St.. New York. Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of snpplies at rei^ular prices. Our specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK. 62 Cortland St., N. Y. City WARRANTED PURELY MATED, GOLDEN OR LEATHER COLORED Italian Queens. Q'leens are healthy, hardy and prolitic. Bees are jreiitle and excellent workert;. No disease of any kind in this locality. Dr. GhIIui;, who has tried queens from most of the leadiiiy breeders, speaks as follows : — Sant.\ Anna, Calif., Jan. 15. 1897. Mr Qiiirin— Perliaps you would like to hear from the , luul very pmlifit. Her colony has not yet Bwaniii'd, l)Ul the hi\ c is rutminK over with bees, and 1 Iwive taken oik* finished super, sever- al that were partly fidl, and there are tiiree on tlic hivb now— till" toi) orw sealed. Siiif-'le (ineen, rM cts.; six for !j;2.7."). one doz., ^.'(.OO. Golden breeders, $'_'..")0 each. .5 !)7 5t H. G. QUIEIN, Bellevue.Ohio 228 THE BEE-KEEPEim' HEVIEW Violin for Sale. 1 5-BANDED BEES! I am advertising for the well knowu niami- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. Stratton & Son, of New York, and taking my gay in musical merchandise. I have now on and a fine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius. " Red, French finisli, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14. 'Jo. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price 52.r)() The case is wood, with carved top, varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3.50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even .$2(1 00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell this outfit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. SI> liOXG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Reuiew. My strain of five-banded bees is as fine as there is in this country. For tiie truthfulness of this assertion I refer by permission to fhe editor of the Review, who. for several years has been buy- ing queens largely of most of the leading breed- ers. My stock is sufliciently large to enable me to fill orders by return mail. If you want queens from good stock, I can furnish them at the fol- lowing prices: Untested, 60 cts. each. Tested, with five-band- ed bees predominating, 75 cts; nine-tenths to nearly all five-banded. ¥1.00; breeders, $2.00. Tested, in whose progeny five-banded do not predominate, .50 cts. 1 have only a few of the latter class. W. H. PRIUGEN, Creek, Warren Co., N. ('. ( Money Order office, Warrenton.) 8-97-lt Send for free catalogue of BEE HIVES, Improved Winter Cases, Section Shipping Cases Comb Foundation, and everything used by bee- keepers. Orders filled promptly. Letters writ- ten in German will receive prompt attention. THE MINN. BEE-KEEPERS' SDPPLY MFG. CO.. ( Nicollet Island Power Building ) 4-97-tf Minneapolis. Minn. FO^ake Voup Ov/n Hives. 3ec ^ Keepeps Will save money by using" our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.& JNO. BARNES CO., .384 Rnby St., Rockford, Ills. 2-9612 :^- ;r/it, BKiL'KEEPER.S' liKVlEW. 229 4i SECTIONS 5EGTIOiS5 4i Our business is makiug sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wisconsin, therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the following prices : No. I 5now White. • No. 1 Crcan7. 500 KHX) 2000 3000 Si.ii-') ; rxK) $1.00 2 f)0 5 \(M.) 2 00 4.75 ; 2001) 3.75 6.75 ; *K)0 525 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price List of Sections, Foundation, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc,, Sent on Application. 2-97 ^t A\ARSHFIELD A\PG CO., A\2^r5bfielcl, Wis. Please mention the Reuieuj. QiaiaGiiaQQQaQiaaQyauiijiaaaQisjiyaaia Names of Bee - Keepers. TYPE WRITTEN. a TYPE WRITTEN. B a m The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have boen saved and writ- ten in a book. Tliere are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (.in the largest States) . and. jilthongh tliis list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at S2.00 per thousand names. The former price was 82.50 per 1000, but I now liave a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, 1 can furnish them at 82.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each Blate. Arizona 17 Ky... 144 New Mex ....22 Ark.... UK) Kane. . 22(i Oregon . . ... 6'» .\la . M) La... . .-^ Ohio 1,0(10 Calif. . 2.H4 Mo... . TllHI Penn . 645 Colo. . . IR) Minn. Mich. . •.'7M .l,:i20 R.l 8.C . . :il Canada 846 .. 40 Conn . . . 12ti Mass. i!i«; Tenn 112 Dak... . 25 Md.. ... ii6 Tex .. 225 Del .... . IH Miss. . 70 Utah .. 40 Fla. .. . 71 N. Y. 1.122 Vt .. 160 «a . 56 Neb.. N .J . '.'. IM) Va W. Va . . . .. 110 Ind... 6:is .. 118 Ills.... PO.) N. H. P5 Wash .... ... :« Iowa . 6>-6 N. C. .. 60 Wis .... .. 432 W.Z. HUTCHINSON. FUnt, Mich. Dovetailed Hi^es, Sections, Smokers. Queen CageM, and everything nee?inc St. Pbilz^.r Pa^. /Accb2H7ic PaiU?, /vy^. TALIAN QUEENS lA b r ed in the North are more hardy, industrious and fertile than South- ern bred queens. Send 75 cents for an untested queen ; $1.00 for a tested queen ; or J2.0() for a breeding queen. 1-97-12 Wm. H. BRIGHT, Mazeppa, Minn. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. HuTOHiHSON, Flint, Mich. Q-t t n.f>t-\c' ^ cts. ; 3 or more, 50 cts. U.VSV:;X10, each ; $.5.50 per doz. Young tested queen, 75 cts. J. B. Case, Port Orarge, Fla.» Now is the Time to Re-queen Queens are Cheap. Best untested Italians. ."lO cts. ; $t!.tK) per doz Tested, 75 cts. ; $9 0() per doz These are " Shaw Queens." Try them ; every t>ne who has know s they are good hh the best. Satisfaction guaran- teed. J. W. K. SHAW& CO., Loreaaville, La. 3-97-et Please mention the Review. fl Penny Saved is a Penny Earned. Yes, it's better than that, for the saved penny you don't have to earn twice. Well, the WceKIy /^njcrica^K) Bee ^ournz^I will hei P you to save your pennies. It is a real money-saver to the bee-keeper who will read and practice its teachings. The regular price is $1.00 a year, or only about two cents per copy. But in order that new readers may give it a trial we will send it for only 40 cents from the time tliat wo receive your subeciption to the end of 1N97. Now, tlio tooner you send your 40 cents, the more copies you will receive. Send Ic stamps if more convenient. Sample copy free. GEO. W. VOHK ed, retail price, 10c. I have private customers enough to take all of grades 2 and '■'> at my house. Now crate No. 1 in nice clean crates, with paper under each layer of sections, so there can be no dripping of honey inside, or out of the crate. Drum the grocery trade first, and if yon ?trike a man who will take 'JCO pounds, or contract for 100 or •_'^c. cash, talking to him as a drummer should, and the chances are that you will get a duplicate order from him, as he must furnish his customers the same article at the same price. If yon cannot get sales started in this way leave crates with two or three reliable grocers, seeing that they keep them in a prominent place where people entering the stores will be sure to see it, and you will soon get a trade started. As to the lower grades, if you have not a market already established for them, I be- lieve the best way is to peddle them the first year, for these are the grades that sell most readily to the country people. Load fifty pounds each of Nos. 2 and 3, also one case of No. 1, and as much extracted honey, on your road wagon and start out early in the morn- ing through a section where good, thrifty farmers live and you will not be disappoint- ed when night comes. These peddling trips will advertise your honey more than any other way I know of, and people will come year after year to your house to get these grades of honey, expecting to get a dollar's worth of 10 or 12V^c. comb, and the same with the extracted. To my mind most bee keepers should raise both comb and extracted honey. I usually have rather more extracted than comb. That which is not sold direct to the consumer in bulk at 10c. per pound is put up in Mason's improved fruit cans, pints in size, and nicely labeled and crated in the same boxes the cans came in from the manufacturer. These cases hold one dozen, and I sell them to the grocers at ^2.40 per dozen in small lots, and give a discount on large orders. At >;2.40 per dozen the honey nets the producer nearly or quite 10c. if the cans were bought right. In conclusion I would say. prodnce a fancy article, put it on the market in a neat, tasty package, so that it will be taking to the eye; then push it, advertise it, let people know you have honey to sell, impress them that your honey is fine — that they can depend 234 THF BEE-KEEPERS ' RKVijlW. npon its purity and quality every time, and make it your legal tender whenever possible. What is most essential is brains, energy and push, the very same elements that make other lines of business successful. These put into your home market will pro- duce results you never dreamed of. LowviLLE. N. Y. August 12, 1897. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHIUSON. Editor and ProDiietor. Tebms :— $1.0U a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more, 75 cents each. If it is desired to have the Reviiw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued FLINT, MICHIGAN. SEP. 10. 1897. The Fall Honey Flow is quite good in this locality. My friend Koeppen was here yesterday and he says that the cases of sec- tions are filling quite rapidly in some of his apiaries. Honey ought to be stored where it is warm and dry. Most bee keepers know this, but not all of them. Have the honey stored in the southeast corner of the building. Have the walls painted black if you can. On a hot, dry day open the doors and windows if it is practical, and keep the room closed nights and on cool, damp days. Syrian Bees, or Holy Laud bees, as they are sometimes called, are condemned by Mr. Doolittle in the Progressive Bee Keeper. He says that tliey have two grevious faults, viz., that they do not breed when they ought, and then again, breed beyond measure at a time when they ought not, and the workers (fertile workers) begin laying about as soon as the queen leaves the hive. The Bee Keepers' Exchange of Califor- nia is beginning to be criticised quite sharp- ly, and that by Californians. The forming of the Exchange has had the effect of keep- ing away the brokers which were once so plentiful, and now, having the field clear to itself, the Exchange finds itself unable to effect sales, and in despair has turned the honey over to one commission firm. This, at least, is the talk. Then there are other troubles reported. I had considerable hopes that the Exchange would really help Cali- fornia bee keepers, and 1 yet hope that such may be the case. " Follow my Leadeb " is the thought that came to me when I read an item in Glean- ings telling how popular had becone the self- spacing frames. I was led to this thought because when Bro. Leahy was here he said that they had scarcely a call for them, in fact, some went so far as to specify that they didn't want them. He said that the Fal- coners told him that they had had exactly the same experience. F. L. Thompson wrote, July 2r>, that he had so much work to do that he should not be able to send any more notes until about the first of September. He says, " You know how it is when one can hardly make the rounds in time to get fresh supers on as soon as they ought to be, and remove the full ones." I know that we all will excuse our western friend, and rejoice that he is kept so busy in putting on empty supers and taking off full ones. The Deep-Cell Foundation receives some favorable testimonials in the last issue of Gleanings. I hope now that those who have not found it so good will have the courage to so report to the Roots, and that they will also have the fairness to publish such re- ports. I did not try it this season, although I expected to do so. The samples that I re- ceived came just as the season was waning, and the walls were only about one- sixteenth inch deep. I sincerely hope that the exact truth about this foundation will come out. The Next Review will probably be late, as by the time this issue is in the hands of its readers I shall be at the Michigan State fair at Grand Rapids with an exhibit of bees and honey. From there I expect to go to to the Indiana fair, then to Wisconsin, next to Illinois, and wind up at the St. Louis fair. I shall take a tent with me and camp out and shall travel with my exhibit in the freight car; this is the only way to get an exhibit around in time and not have it smashed. I hope to meet many of my friends at these fairs. rE BEE-REEFERS' REVIEW. 235 R. B. Leahy, editor of the Progressive, made us a pleasaut call ii few days ago while oil his way home from the east where he had been to visit the home of his childhood. He visited G. M. Doolittle, the American Bee Keeper folks, the Roots at Medina, and from here went to Chicago where he expected to call on the editor of the American Bee Jour- nal; from there he expected to go up in Wisconsin and visit the Page and Ljou folks. He reports the bij^gest business this year of any year since the Leahy company started. Mr. Leahy begun business a little before the Review started — started with nothing but his hands and lots of pluck, and now — Will, he did not tell me how many thousands of dollars he was worth, but he (/(■(/ tell me one thing — I don't suppose he ex- pected that I would tell of it, and maybe it isn't the proper thing to do, but it certainly is something to be proud of. In all these years of " hard sledding " he has never been dunned nor drawn on through a bank. Sime will say, said Mr. Leahy, "Suppose a man hasn't the money, how is he going to meet his bills?" Go and borrow it. The dii^connts obtained by paying cash amount to 12 to 14 per cent., while money can be ob- tained for at least S percent. Mr. Leal y says that they make s4(X) or $.tOO a year by discounting their bills. 236 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, THE SAD DEATH OF SWEET LITTLE FEKN. Five years ago this very day (August 31) there came to our home the sweetest, bright- est little girl baby that I ever knew. How she gladdened our hearts as day by day she unfolded like the human blossom that she was. Happiness deeper or sweeter than I have enjojed with her no mortal ever knew. Now the little form is laid away, with the roses and ferns that she loved so well twined about her; and over us all hangs the awful sorrow that she died by her own mother's hand. Most of the friends of the Review know that for nearly two years Mrs. Hutchinson has been ailing mentally, all of last winter being passed in the asylum. She was so much improved, but so home-sick last spring that the superintendent and myself believed that she would improve faster at home and she was allowed to come home, to remain so long as her condition would war- rant it. All summer long we have been working to build up her general health by nourishing food, baths, out-door exercise, and the like she often taking long drives with Ivy and Fern. She sometimes had periods of depression, hut on the whole she seemed on the up-grade, and we hoped the worst was ove~. She had never exhibited the least tendency towards suicide or homi- cide, and nothing was feared in this direc- tion. When I went away to the Buffalo conven- tion she was not feeling very well, and I hesitated long and seriously as to whether I better go. but I finally decided to go, she as- suring me that she was no worse than at many times previous. When I reached homo Friday evening I experienced a feeling of great relief to hud all the loved ones alive and apparently well. All were asleep except my ivife, and we sat and talked until cjuite late, she trying to convince me that there THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 237 was great danger that the whole family would eventually becoiue insane, and I try- ing to allay any such delusion. Apparently I succeeded, but little skep came to me as I tjssed on my pillow and tried lo think what course to pursue. It would not answer to go away to the fairs and leave her alone. I must either give up going to the fairs, or take her back to the asylum while I was away, or else take her with me. I decided upou the latter course, thinking that the trip might do her eood. In the morning she felt much better, and I told her of my decision, and she agreed to go, something that she had before declined to do. Then she said that she believed that she would go out driving as she had not been out in sev- eral days and it might do her goad. I went down town to get a woman to come and stay with the girls while we were away at the fairs, and while there I saw my wife and little Fern driving along. I went out and spoke to them and asked if there was any- thing that they wanted, and Fern sat there looking so sweet and happy in a little new dress and she said, " I am going to have some candy." I said, "That's nice." And she smiled, and I thought what a sweet. aweel, happy little body she is. It was the last time I ever saw her alive. Her mother went to a drug store and bought a bottle of chloroform, drove outside of the city limits, saturated a handkerchief with the deadly fluid and applied it to the child's face, hold- ing it there until life was extinct. Then she laid her under some bushes and drove back for Ivy. ( )f course we inquired for Fern, bat she said that she had left her at a neigh- bor's where she often went to play with an- other little girl. She drove away with Ivy to the outskirts of the city where she attempted to destroy her life with a revolver, tiring three shots, one passing through the right breast, one striking her in the small of the back, and one in the side of the face, knock- ing out two teeth, passing through the tongue and striking the back of the throat. Ivy's screams and the pistol shots attracted a man who came on the run and took the re- volver away. The unfortunate mother was taken to the jail, and Ivy brought home and her wounds dressed. At present she is doing nicely and there is every hope that she may recover. Searching parties started out and soon re- tamed with the dead body of poor, dear little Fern. The sight of my poor wife is the most heart rending of anything that can be imagined. In one sense she is rational, that is, she realizes fully what she has done, and her grief is something beyond descrip- tion. That alone is enough to destroy her reason, and in her weakened mental and nervous condition I see no hope for her re- covery. In all probability she will pass the remainder of her days behind asylum doors, and the fewer those days the better for all. She tells me that it wa-^ the fear that we were all in danger of being sent to the asylum that impelled her to the awful deed. She intended to kill us all and then destroy herself. She says there was an impulse to do this that she was powerless to resist: she struggled with all her strength, bui something forced her on and on and compelled her to do the awful deed. Then she will burst out crying, " My poor little girl, my poor little Fern, how could I, how could I! Oh, if I only had her sweet little face back here be- side me." But we all know that the poor woman was not responsible for her act. She passes hours on her knees in prayer, then she will toss on her couch in a frenzy of grief, then she may pass hours in a dazed condition in which she practically feels and realizes nothing. I had a note book full of notes taken at the convention, besides numerous little items picked up from the numerous friends that were present, and I also intended to give my readers my impressions of Niagara falls, in short, to make this issue a bright and sparkling number, but you must excuse me — my heart is too sad. I may say that I am going to the fairs just the same, that is, if Ivy continues to im- prove. It is my only hope— to keep myself busy. Then there are others dependent up- on me and I shall not begin now to do what I never did before— shirk my duty. I expect to go right on printing the Review, but I must ask the friends to be indulgent once more while I am fitting my back to this great burden. 3.18 THE BEE-KEEPEHS HEVZ^ iiA A-A l^.tlt'KHS RtJ Vltl W 23» A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. VTJHOSE grading rules are now making a T stir all around the canap. There seems to be three parties in the struggle. First there is the large and respectable Pandora- cratic party that wants everything provided for and put in in black and white. Next is the Opposition party, mainly given to op- posing the Pandoracrats, and anxious for very short and simple rules. And third comes the Locofoxo party, sleek and sly, and putting a quiet paw in the affairs of both the other parties in preference to putting out a platform of their own. They want grades not for convenience, nor for any honest purpose whatever. They want grades as a means of making the consumer think he is getting the best honey there is, when he is really getting second or third quality. Or. perchance, (no worse, but more execrated) the Locofoxo wants grades ar- ranged to help him make returns one or two grades lower than he really sells at. Looks to me that the Locofoxos have had things far too much in their own way heretofore. At the risk of being a man without a party or a country, I would implore the brethren, in arranging grades and rules, to make them simply and transparently truthful. It isn't truth nor honeMy to call the third grade No 1. And the real obj ct of such nnveracity is to enable the retailer to say, with unctious voice and smiling face, "Here, Mrs. B., is some delicious honey which is strictly No. 1. I selected it myself with tons at my hand to choose from," when he selected pretty nearly the poorest there was. It isn't truth to grade the bulk of an ordinary crop as fancy. That's not what language is for. Let's go for such til)s with a sharp stick— collectively if we can, individually if we must. I believe there are left in the United States Israel 7.000 men (not all bee keepers, I fear) who cannot look upon a self evident lie without eager plotting and planning for some way to wreck it. Let No. 1 be so described as to embrace the bulk of an ordinary good crop. Have as many lower grades as the brethren want: but let them be dearly and frankly named and described. Have a " fancy " if you want it. but don't lean against a board Mith " fool " freshly painted on it. by trying 240 THE BEE-KEEPEna' uEVIEW to stretch that grade over half your crop. Better not try to define fancy, but just say, such honey as is manifestly superior to No. 1. with the understanding that it is for those luxurious rich people who like to pay two prices for what they put on their own tables and always do so when they can. That racket of mine about editors and their tricks seems to have hurt. Let me set myself right at once. Apiculture has model editors, and model editors of an excellent grade too. I talked about a new model edi- tor, as a desirable and unattained thing. That important word "new " got left out in one of the comments the paragraph gave rise to. Friend York put me in the Mutual Admiration ranks because I put W. Z. nearer the new model than the rest. See here, friend York, I gave Hutchinson a little taffy because I was just about to heave a brick at him. This is a well known trick of the critics, for critics as well as editors have their tricks. You quoted the taffy and ig- nored the brick, thereby showing that my list of editorial tricks was not as long as it might easily be. In (xieanings, .'")85, Illinois and Medina disagree about sheep as lawn mowers. It is agreed that they mow well, but disagreed whether they push hives over or not. Can hardly be "locality" that makes the odds. I take the more laborious way and hoe in- stead of mow around my hives; but I think I can see far enough into the millstone to mediate in the matter. If your hives are spaced six feet (as Gleanings used to recom- mend) and you only put in a few sheep, they'll do no harm. But if you put in a whole flock, or if many of your hives stand two feet or less from each other, or from solid objects, then look out. Sheep are in- clined to make moving wedges of them- selves, both singly and collectively. Ernest has just found out that fallen twigs under the basswood trees are nice to snap up and put in the smoker. Gleanings, (50:5. I found that out long ago, but alas, lost my honors by not publishing it. ( )ur chestnut trees also shed decayed limbs which answer the purpose. Fallen twigs, how- ever, are not handy to store under cover, and otherwise they are half the time too damp to use. Still, I think most of us should do better than use Mr. Root's planer shavings or Mr. Bingham's recut stovewood. The latter is voted to make too liot a fire — too hot for the fingers and too hot for the durability of the smoker. Both yield too much tar. Best way is to keep in your supply box plenty of two kinds of rotten wood at once. Soft woods and some of the hard woods decay to a sort of soft fibre. This is nice but not very durable, especially on a windy day. Oak and various other hard woods decay by turning brown and breaking up into hard, cubical blocks. This is a durable fuel; but to begin with, and often times to mix in, some of the other kind right at hand is very convenient. AMERICAN Bee keeper The American Bee Keeper has changed but little since I wrote it up a year ago. It has an assistant editor now. Also the edi- torial notes look as though some time and thought had been spent on them — all of which is in the right direction. Sorry to hear that the publishers have a blooming list of dead beats and swindlers, some of whom pose as prominent bee men and queen breeders. The list lays so heavy on their stomachs that they threaten to publish it without waiting for the other journals to fall in. Sad to have our esprit de corps so broken in upon. We like to believe that bee keepers are better than other folks. Almost resolved to pay up my subscription to the A. B. K. to help obviate the dire ex- pose. "Truthful James." A. B. K., 197, thinks that the average missionary, even if he has read Gleanings for a year or two, is hardly the person to trust with so big and so im- portant an inquiry as whether it is possible to subject Apis Dorsata to civilized hand- ling. Plausible idea. But, -Tamie, we might let him try till some more competent person heaves in sight. Or is there danger that he will get the question closed, as an alleged impossibility, before the competent person does heave in sight? A. B. .7. for .June has a long and very in- teresting article on the honey trade and the ▼arieties of honey, taken from the N. Y. Sun — a reporter's gleanings among the honey houses of the metropolis. As might be ex- pected of reporters' work, it is marred by a few glaring mistakes and played out state- ments, but is well worth the reading. On page 1()1 Bessie L. Putnam ably re- views one of those queer old bee books written to edify former generations. It is dedicated to Queen Anne, but not printed till HlL BEE-REEPERU' RKVIEW. 241 lifter the iiiioen's deatli. Tlie drones take care of tlie yonug, and tlierefore they are not allowed to leave the iiive till about two o'clock, wlieu the worker bees relieve them and take the babies, while they go out for a brief period of recreation. V. H. Thies, A. B. K., ic:., thinks that the yuuLg bee keepers that from time to time fall iuto the ranks and subscribe for a bee paper, should be given the same attention we had when we tirst begun. He remarks also that in moving bees by the little-at-a- time method they soon catch on to the idea, so that they can be moved much further at a time after the tlrst three or four moves. Also, on page V^2, he speaks of changing his opinion of spring feeding from affirmative to negative. Editorially .\. B. K., on page 14:5, calls at- tention to a serious objection to using starters only in the sections. Most of the comb building will be with drone comb, and the evil of brood in the sections is much worse than with full-sheeted sections. Very true, very true indeed. Vet some people are so uureasuuable as to prefer meeting this difficulty by letting the bees have a pretty good supply of drone comb below — and that's me. Lowell, Mass, must be inferior bee range according to a letter in A. B. K., 188. Bees " never did anything in Lowell." He pays three to five dollars yearly for queens with no good results. Tried Holy Land bees, and they were so holy they always swarmed on Sunday. Lost one colony out of ten last winter and wishes he had lost them all. They won't even carry in syrup when he sets it out in pans, but shiftlessly abstain and starve. And are there not many of us who have "been there'":* Not in Lowell, Mass, but in the precise mental and moral location of our friend. A lady correspondent, on page i:>7, prac- tices hiving by removing most of the brood combs and returning the swarm to the old stand (not a l)ad way) and very naturally she was led to think, "Why wait for uncer- tain swarming wlie I know they already have queen cells well advanced?" She acted on this query, and cin't see any difference between the unswarnicd swarms and the swarmed ones. Ed. JoUey, A. H. K . VM, feels that ho hasn't a bee to sp.irc for toad feed, and paddles his toads. No faith in a toad once habituated to getting an easy living at a bee hive amouuting to anything as a legitimate fly catcher. The assistant editor of A. B. K., page ]:?.'), confesses to being belated in experience with the five-banded bees, but having re- cently had lots of experience he wants his say even now. Nowhere near equal to the commonest scrub stock. Spent about $100 in queens, and would sell the lot at ten cents a dozen, did not conscience forbid such an in.iury to unwary beginners. Dreadful rob- ber-: queens short lived; only a small per cent, of them even capable of building up from a good nucleus to a full colo y without outside help. The General round-Up (ileaning's report of trials of the new drawn foundation, page 8fi of Gleanings. Bees can, and often do, work profitably a long ways from home, but often when they niii/ht they don't, jnst because something near by is yielding a little honey, and that little keeps them from striking out for sometiiing better. Cases where apiaries a mile or less apart vary greatly as to the crop seem to require some such theory. Sti'l a half-mile slice of territory on the extreme far side of the successful apiary inai/ have been the source of the honey. The Aikin inveniion of adding a good, h-'g trap box above the old style of bee escape window probably deserves more praise and more practice than it has yet received. See (ileanintrs. .^(!:5. To get comb honey torn full of little holes a^ you are taking it off (according lo friend Aikin ) alarm the bees with smoke, and then fool around and wa^^te time or have a good talk with somebody be- 2ti THt. lit^L 'vl'.El'KUS' Rh:VltjW. fore you fully open up. ( )therwise work 8>\iftly and keep the kees moving. When you dig a bee cellar and find no moisture and no apparent outlook for there ever being any, you just construct a drain all the same. And don't you expect 1.5 inches of dirt to turn the rain above. A'ld don't you lean too heavily on dead air space above to keep out cold, lest you have a dead hee space down below, l^or the aniinii-< of tie above see a good article by C. G. (Reiner, Gleanings, ;'>(')7. Friend G. also tried an oil stove to warm up his ce\lar when too cold. It was placed behind a partition f-upposed to be air tight, but a decided smell of oil got through somehow into the main cellar, and the bees were badly excited. Gleauiiigs, 413. Cleat the edges of your smoker bellows, and the grip is made surer and more con- venient. Coggshnll, Gleanings, 'M2. J. E. Pond, \merican Bee .Journal, 388, liuds near'y uniform success in a very simple and direct method of queen introduction. Tha more vital points, outside the maiiii)u- lation, are honey flow, pleasant day and let alone for a fe>y days. A bungler, however, would respect these and still manage 1o get the queen killed. To alarm the bees with smoke just enough to make them take honey, to wait just long enough, then to let the queen run naturally into the entrance — all to be done after the bees stop flying at eve — are the main points of the manipulation. The old queen is removed, and tlie cai)ut with the Heddon method a hundred colony apiary needs nearly two hundred hives. I want to steer further, clear to the port where a dozen extra hives will sufiice me. RiCHAEDS, Lucas Co., (). Aug. 2G, 1897. Improvements in Drone and ftueen Traps. Adrian GAi\z, in the last issue of Glean- ings, calls attention to an important point in the construction of the Alley Queen and Drone trap. Here is what he says: " In using queen traps I have often found tliem too slow iu their work. What I mean by this is that liefore entering the cones the drones remain too long below, trying every hole in the zinc before they go up. The same inconvenience i>^ found with the (pieen a^ swarmintr time. During the excitement the queen will run to and fro over the zinc, fail to tind the cones bofore t >e swarm is all out, and finally go back into the brood nest. " In trying to improve the trap I find that the he-^t way is to use a piece of wire netting iiist( ad of a tin slide to cover the trap. The li'iht attracts th« drones and queens, and to a great ext-nt the workers also, and they go u'7 at once. In such a con-itruction it is necessary to have the front of the upi)er C)nparfmBnt made with bee-zinc so as to permit th'< workers to go out. The accom- panying figure shows the details." In the traps made by Mr. Alley there are, or were, three cou'-B. and they are placed quite near the front of the trap, which greatly increased the likelihood of the queen getting up into the upper part of the trap. I had some traps in which there was only one cone and it was placed back half an inch from the front of the trap, and a swarm often came out and then went back, but no THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 243 queen could be found in tlio trai>. I decided then what the trouble was — that she did not lind the cone. There ou^'ht to be three oonea, and they should be placed close to the front, so that the queen in her upward movements, while attempting to get out, will certainly walk up through a cone. It is just as convenient, and I think a little bet- ter, to have the upper part of the front made of wire cloth, and then have a small piece of perforated zinc in the upper part of the trap. By having the wire cloth form the front it admits the light very close to the cones. I would have the trap long enough to extend clear across the front of the hive, thus giving more ventilation and more open- ings for the workers to pass through. Getting Colonies at Work in the Sections. This is a little out of the season to be talk- ing on this subject, but so many things must be talked about at the time, or near the time, when they have happened, or they will be forgotten, that I now copy what E. R. Root says on this subject in last Gleanings. He doesn't give it the same heading as I have given it: he is talking al>out the advan- tages of big colonies (and they are an ad- vantage, no mistake) and in one paragraph he says: " I have noticed that a two-story eight- frame Langstroth colony, run for extracted, is just the sort of colony we need for pro- ducing comb honey. Take off the upper story with all its extractiug-combs, that the bees have begun storing in, and place in its stead one super containing full sheets of foundation, and my I how the l>ees go to work! If the colony is very populous it may be wise to put on two supers. I am not sure, but I am inclined to believe that a good way to start bees to storing honey in supers is to give them extracting-c(jmbs, and if the season is a good one, take the super away and give them supers iirepared for comb honey. But the plan won't work a little bit unless the hive i'' fairly ' tilling' over with bees. The super that has tieen removed may be given to an extracting colony to com- plete." * There is no question that the putting on cents per can, and the grocer was glad to get it out of the way. This honey was labeled with plain directions for restor- ing to the liquid form. It is surprising how few persons there are who will read instruc- tions in the management or use of any article. " Some of the worst abuse I ever got in my life came from retailers and customers upon tinding that the honey I had sold them had candied, or 'gone back to sugar,' as they put it, as well as tirmly believed. We now ha'dle only such grades of honey as will not candy, or are very slow to do so. "As to the matter of taking up all jars, cans, or glasses, and replacing them with freshly liquefied stock, I can think of nothing more distasteful than such everlasting fool- ery and waste of time: not only so, but worst of all, this reliqiiefying will soon de- stroy both color and flavor. I have known sever 1 parties who once put their honey on the market in this way. I did so myself, but its loo puttering a business to keep up continuously. " In localities where the honey crop is not large, bee keepers can Hnil customers for all they produce with little trouble and at satis- factory prices; but the case is different where there are great (luantities and no good demand. In this case it ap[)ears to me it would be quite as well to wholesale and let it fall into the hands of those who make a business of handling honey by hunting up consumers. By the time this class pays freights, stands all losses, hears all expenses of traveling, taking order-', delivering, etc.. he will find these slow times that his profits will all be taken at any ordinary bank, if not all, to defray expenses. ' Just let every producer do his level best to sell in his home market all he produces, at the best price possible to obtain, going at the business with a determination to sell, and I am sure there will be no very large quantities find their way into the hands of city commission houses. " I have often bought bee keepers' crops of honey and stepped into the towns right around them, and in a few days' work have doubled my mo-iey on the purchase, while they all the time claimed there was no use to try any more to sell honey in 'such places;' but I'll admit that not all people are salesmen. "Although we sell large quantities of honey, both comb and extracted, each sea- son, we never sell honey to dealers, but al- together to the consumer, giving them fresh honey and so good that they will not keep it long enough to candy. " We put up no smaller packages than one dollar's worth, as it does not pay to deliver a less quantity at the close margin at which honey may be sold these times. "It has always seemed a mystery to me how it comes that in nearly every case we are able to purchase honey of the same qual- ity from commission merchants of the large cities at a less price than we can buy direct from the producer. Perhaps bee keepers ship to cities in the hope of getting the best prices, but after waiting long and anxiously for returns, they advise their dealers to close out at once to the best advantage, which is sure to be to any other person's advantage more than to that of the owner of the honey. " Now let everyone who can find anything like a fair hom« market to go to work and supply this and keep it up, which plan will be found to give, in the outcome, the best and most permanent satisfaction as well as profit.'' The editor of Gleanings comments as fol- lows: "I believe I have already said — at all events I will say it now — that Mr. Buchanan has proV)ably sold more honey, in a retail way, and has done more in the way of de- veloping local markets, thnn has «ny other bee keeper in the ITnited States. He annu- ally produces large crops of honey and not only sells his own but sells a good many others. " Mr. Buchanan's experience with regard to candied honey, a' d replacing the same with li(]ui(l, will probably not work satisfac- torily with him, but Mr. Ghalon Fowls, of ( )berliu, ().. has worked this plan for years and considers it i)rofitMl)le. " I was struck oarticidnrly with one para- graph where Mr. Buchanan savs he has often bought bee keepers' crops of hotiey and sold it right around their homes and doubled his mf)ney. while they, the bee keepers, had all alouL' claimed that there was no u«e trying to sell honey in their markets. Granting that Mr. Buchanan is a natural salesman and knows the art of selling, this does not 246 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlEU^. explain how he should be able to double on his money, unless, at least, those bee keepers who complain of their home markets have made no effort to develop them. Perhaps they are not read up — or at least have not read the series of valuable articles that have been running in Gleanings and the other bee journals of late. Understand, I do not ques- tion Mr. B.'s right to double on his money. It is his privilege and right, if the other fel- lows won't post up and do something. "Mr. Buchanan calls attention to another significant fact, namely, that in nearly every case he has been able to buy honey of a given quality from commission merchants in large cities cheajier than he could buy the same honey direct from the producer. This is too true. It can be explained only on the ground that so much honey is sent to the cities that it gluts the market, and the con- sequence is that the bee keeper is glad to get anything if he can only get somefliing. Too Often he is deceived by quotations that are above the market. Big promises for im- mediate returns at glittering figures allure him. Why will not bee keepers learn to be careful? Nine-tenths of the producers know the art of securing honey, but I almost be- lieve that nine-tenths of them do not know the art of seHing. Why, we are to-day hav- ing the finest qualities of comb and extract- ed honey offered to us at prices that are ridiculously low. Sometimes we buy and sometimes we do not. We very much dislike to be lugged into the 'general swim ' with those who are trying to buy closely, at the expense of the hard-working bee keeper. It is too bad, but need not be if producers would not be so fast to lump their honey off in large lots for the sake of getting a ' big pile' all in one lump." When honey is sold direct to consumers it is easy to avoid the taking back and re- liquefying of candied honey, but when sold to dealers there is no other way quite so sat- isfactory, and by exercising care the work can be done with but little if any injury to the honey. Can Black Bees be Improved'!— The Italians Not a Fixed Race. — Large Queens Undesirable. One of Mr. Doolittle's correspondents asks him if he thinks that black bees might not be improved, the same as the Italians have been improved, if breeders had given them the same care in breeding as they have the Italians. If they had been given this care, his correspondent thinks that the black queens might now be larger, finer and more prolific. Mr. Doolittle replies as follows in the American Bee Journal: "Probably there would have been some improvement in the black or German bee, had the apiarists of the United States taken hold of the matter with the same will in breeding which they have shown in breeding the Italian bee up to its present standard. Bat I do not think that the effect would have been as marked on the German bee as it has on the Italian, for the reason that the black or German bee is a fixed race or variety, while the Italian bee is nothing more than a thoroughbred, or hybrid, in my opinion. Any race of animal which is fixed and con- stant in its breeding, cannot be improved nearly so easily as can one which is liable to sport. The same holds good in the vegetable kingdom, all of our best varieties of vege- tables being obtained from 'sports.' "Breed black queens as carefully as you may, they will not vary a particle as to color, while the Italian queens vary from a queen nearly if not quite as dark as any black queen, to one whose abdomen is of an orange yellow throughout its whole length; hence those who breed for beauty as well as other qualities have been able to succeed in producing queens that will give all yellow queens every time, and whose worker proge- ny are nearly as yellow as were the best of queens a score of years ago. Those who have paid no attention to color-breeding have seen their bees eo from those with three yellow bands back to bees with scarcely any yellow on them; and yet we often hear people talking about ' pure ' Italian bees. If Italian bees are a pure race they are given to sporting beyond any other known pure thing. It seems to me it is impossible for these bees to be anythine: else than a thor- oughbred. This inclination to sport as to color gave the assurance that they would sport as to quality as well, so we have breed- ers who have worked for a very industrious bee, and have seen industry come to the front with them. " ( )thers have worked for wintering qual- ities, gentleness in handling, white capping of section honey, etc.. and still others for a combining of all the good qualities which go to make the perfect bee in every respect, seeins this work so prosper that to-day, take it all in all, the Italian bee, as bred in the United States, undoubtedly stands at the head of all the bees known to the world; and could they be shipped the same as can non-perishable articles, there would not be a country on the face of the earth where bees could exist where they would not be found. "Now, the same thing which keeps the black bees from sporting as to color, hinders them from sporting in other directions de- sired by the bee keeper, so that to a certain extent they are nearly if not quite identical- ly the same as they were when they first left the hand of the Creator. There is a certain amount of improvement by the 'survival of the fittest,' and yet such improvement has not advanced these bees as much during all the centuries which have passed as has the hand of man the Italians during the last thirty-five years; nor has the hand of man ever made as much improvement on them during all tne long past as has been made with the Italians during the last ten years. " There is one thing which I wish to notice in my correspondent's communication be- I'JSE BEL-KEEPERS- REVIEW. 247 fore c'lositiij. He wishes to know wliottier the l)lrtck queeus would not lie 'Im ijcr. Jiner, aud more iirolijic,' hud the ritrlit coiir.se of breediu^ beeu pursued. .\11 of my exper- ieuce goes to prove that iiu ex.!eedini,'ly large (jueeu is rarely if over as yood as one of medium size: aud if it is meaut that a large queen is 'tiuer' than one uot so large, I must dififer from the oue asking the ques- tion. ".\ very large queen seems to be less ac- tive than a medium sized (pieen, and so far as my experience goes they ca'not l)e de- pended upon to bring the colony up to the greatest strength at the pleasure of the apiarist so well as can queeus of lesser size. In fact, a very smnll q'leen will often give much better results than these large ones. " Not long ago I received about the small- est queen I ever saw from a party in the south who wrote, 'This queen is very small, but seems to be prolific, so we send her to you. If she does !i()t prove good we will send another.' Well, that (pieen filled her hive with brood, and kept it tilled much bet- ter than any of the other queens the xiarty sent me and gave sjilernhd results, thus proving that large siz^ in a is the (jneen which will give the best result, be she large or small, but, as a rule the "-eal moneyed results will generally eo with the queen of medium size, for she is the most apt to give the bees as above." I To improve bees by breeding or selection i.s a very difficult thing to do. Oue of the greatest obstacles being the uncertainty of how the (jueens will mate, that is. of what kitid of a drone they will meet. How well- nigh hopeless would be the im[)rovement of our domestic animals were we as powerless to control their m-iting as we are the mating of queens. Of course, it can be controlled to a certain extent. The clipping of the ends of both wing*, as practiced by Mr. Aspinwall, is a stet) in the right direction, as it secures the mating of a large majority of the queens in the home yard. The control- ling of the production of drones in undesir- able stocks, or the prevention of their flight by the means of traps, and the rearing of large qua"tities of drones in the most desir- able colonies is another step in the right di- rection, but the control is not absolutely certain. If we find some colony that is very desirable for several reasons, or for one, for that matter, we can rear cjueens from that colony, and from some other desirable col- ony we can rear an abundance of drones, and there are i)robal)ilities, if the care men- tioned is taken, that we will secure the do- sired crosses, but it is the uncertainty that upsets our progress. The breeder of domes- tic animals carefully notes the character- istics of this female aud that male, and then pairs his animals in a way that he expects will bring desirable results. The bee keeper cannot do this, with any certainty. What Mr. Doolittle says about the fixedness of the black bees, as compared with the Italians, is true. As a rule, colonies of black bees are more neaily alike in characteristics than is the case with Italians. It is likely that the black variety is much the older: that it has been bred somewhere in its purity for cen- turies, and thus become fixed in character- istics. There is one very fortunate point in this matter, and that is that Nature is on our side in this matter. Not so in the case of our domestic animals and fowls. The long horns, big bones and tough, wiry muscles developed in the wild ox in his fight for an existence are not what we need in our beef cattle, and we have proceeded to get rid of them. It is the same with our sheep, hogs and poultry. The fight for existence in the case of the bee has developed the very char- acteristics that we most desire, such as hard- iness, power of flight, honey gathering abil- ities, etc. The black bee possesses some very desir- able characteristics, but taken all in all, the majority of bee keepers find the Italian the more desirable bee, and by doing what little we can in the way of selection in breeding, there is no question but what the Italian variety may yet be improved. It is likely that something might be dtme with the black variety, but its characteristics are so firmly fixed that it would certainly require a long time. I must also endorse what Mr. Doolittle has to say regarding the size of queens. A large queen is beautiful to look ui)on, but some of the best results I ever obtained came from colonies with medium sized or small queen*. I have been surprised sometimes in looking over a colony booming over with bees and piling up the sections of honey, to find the queen a very insignificant looking insect. Let a (jneen breeder send out large (|ueens and [)raises will be poured into his ears, but let the queens be small and his ears will tingle in a different way. 248 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVH< A B[ CONVmCEO, ADO GET !OUR MONEI'S WORTH, Wp offer tlip New Champion Oouble-Wa/led Chaff Hive, made of the Besr V\ bite Pine Lum- ber, from now until Jan. 1, 1S98, Complete and Painted, with Dovetail Body and Two Sui ers for ('omh Honey or Extrwcting; 8, 0 or 10 frame iiive, with Thick-Top, Self-Spacing Hoffman frames, including 2 or 4 folded Tin- Rabbets, Tin Cover and L)f Italians in singL"- story, 8-frame, D. T. hive, $6 00; 5 coh)nies, $27 TiO ; I0col..nie8, $50.00; one frame nucleus, $1,'0; two frame, $1.75. Select the queen wanted and add T)rloe to the above. During March and Ai>ril. one tchted .U:>(i. 2.00. Select tested queen. $:^ 00. After May Ist, one tested (jueon, $1 ^d; 3 lor $4.00; G for $7 .50 ; select tested, $2 50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of tlii'ir bein^^ reared, one for $1 OO ; 3 for $2.25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 1 2 for $t).75. 2-95 12 JOHM n- DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn TDCpo At Very Low Prices. B Ibhh^^ Write at oiiee for our new eat- AND Write at oiiee for our new eat- aloKue. It is FREE. It will tell how and wlu'U to plant and give full particulars about the stock we grow and the price.^ we aslc. ESTABLISHEO 7869, ISO ACRES. THE GEORGE A. SWEET NURSERY CO. Box 11G.5. DANSVILLE, N. Y. PLANTS »^»*»»^««^»»li»«».»»» ^i Page 4fc Lyon 1^ Nv \.<\ J MFO. CO. i X JS>I > vj'J Nearness to pine and basswood for- «t,ig» ests. the €.1 possession of a saw mill and C'^ € factory equiped with the best of ma- I ■-5 chinery, and years of experience, all ^A i^3 combine to enible this firm to fur- ^^ iitt m. %\ nish the beet, goods at lowest prices. ^j0 ^'3 Send for circaiar, and see the prices ©^ %"% on a full line of supplies l-97-tf d Please mention the Reuiew. WRITE U5 Before ordering your sections and we will give you BOTTOM PRICES on the loss" ONE-PIECE SEGIONS, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CR.\TES and other Supplies. We liave everything in tiptop order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. d. FORflCI^OOK & CO., .Jan Ist, 1894. Watertown, Wis. tiJ<. bEE-KEEPEliti HI': VIEW 24y SUPPLIES BEE-KEEPERS We A\2vKc the Finest L-ipe of in the A\2vrKet, zvpcl sell Tbero At Low Prices. Free Illustrated Catzvlogue zvpd Price List. G. B. LEWI5 CO., Wz^tertown, Wis. E. T. BBBOTT, 5t. -;o5 0 1 America. 250 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. The "fiimnsville" Smoker. 2 // .■-'■'' The above cut shows the " HIGGINS- VILLE " Smoker. Fig. 2 shows the nozzle thrown back for filling. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draft. i^~ "The 'Higgineville' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " .J. M Morse, Holden. Mo. ^f" Price of smokers, 7.ic ; 3 for $1.80; by mail add 25c each for postage. Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. PleaS" mention *he Review Franklin House Cor Bates and Larned sts Very central. Elevator service steara heat, electric lights, tile floors, etc. Rates $1.50 to $2 pel day. H.H James CD I. CD B E P T 35 2 o B 9 ^ ^ ^ 7! '-• <» 3? D ■^ -. >o S. S. o 2. 1_ S. B E " ^. ffi ts ^ Oj I* CD CD CO -r^ TN T-1 T-i @®yy@yo^@®®0@Qr IS'.i'. We have all the '.ip todate niacliinery for iiianiifactnring the one-piece section, and we make the finest sec- tion at the lowest priee. Dou't wait— write to day and oblige the WAHZEKA SECTION CO, i.r,.tt I Wauzeka. Wis. We are headquarters for tlie Albino Sees, the best in the world. If you are looking for the liees that gather tho most honey, and are 'he gentlest of all bees to handle, buy the Albino. I can furnish the Italian, but orders stand 50 to 1 in favor of the Albino. 1 manu- facture and furnish supplies generally. Send for circular. S. WAIvEHTinE, Hagerstown, Md. H»7-3t Please mention the Review. Is Here The ye:ir MtT is here and w.- ate happy to in- form our friends and cnstomcrs that we are bet- ter prepared than ever before to fllj your orders for queens and bees. We have the largest stock ever operated bv us, and u e mean to be ready with plenty of bees and (|ii'..n8 to fill all orders without delay that are sent us, Bees by the pound. gl.OO: ten or more pounds. ' cts. eacli. I'ntested iineetis for 1897, 81.00 icli in Feb.. Mar.. Apr. and May ; 85 Od for six, .;[■ fil.tKJ per doz. For laru'er amounts write for pricfs. Have your orders hooked for yonr early 'jiieens. Safe arrival guar.inteed. Root's goods. Dadant's foundation, and Bing- him smokers. .\ steam bee. hive factory, and all kinils of bee supplies. The 5outhl3knr further description, spml for circnl.ar. 4 incti stove . . Dozen .813.00-mail . 9.00— •' . 6.50- " .5.00- " . 4.7.1- " .. 4..50— " 6.00- " Each $1..50 1.10 1.00 90 70 60 80 T. P. BI/MGHAA\, Parwell, A\ichis:2^P. OCT., 1897. At Fliqt, Micl^igar). — Oqe Dollar a Year. 254 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVin^W. flOVEHTISlNG {^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On «0 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Liist. 1 will send the Review with— Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) .... $1.75 American Bee Journal (new) ( l.OO) 1.75 ('-anadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( ..50)... . 1.35 American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1 .40 The Southland Queen ( 1.00) 1-75 Ohio Farmer { 1.00) ... 1.75 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .50) 1.10 Farm Poultry (1.00) ....1.75 Rural New Yorker ( 1.00) 1.85 Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . . .S.50 The Century ( 4.00) 4.50 Michigan Farmer (1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer (100) 1.75 American Agriculturist ( 1 00) 1.75 Ladies" Home Journal (1 ,00) 1.75 The Independent (New York).. (3.00) 3.50 Ladies' World ( 40) 1.25 ("ountry Gentleman ( 2..50) 3.15 Harper's Magazine (l.On). ... 4.10 Harper's Weekly ( 4 00 ) 4.-20 Youths' Co'iipanion (new) ('.75( ... .2.35 Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.00) 3 50 Cosmopolitan ( 1.00) 1.90 It will be noticel that in order to eecnre these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and tlie Youths' Companion, the subscribers to these Jouruals must be NEW. If it i^ any convenience, when sending in your renewal to the Review, to include your renewal to any of these .Journals, you can do so, but the full price must be sent. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be_ classified according to color, nsing the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," K,.o. 1 dark,'' etc. KANSAS CITY.— Recipts of comb honey large— extracted light. We quote as follows: Fancy white 12 ; No. 1 white 10 to 11. No 1 am- 8 to 10; white.extracted. 5i^to6;amber, 5; dark, amber 4; beeswax, 22 to 24. C. C. CLEMONS CO., Oct . 20. 521 Walnut St., Kansas Citv, Mo. NEW YORK, N. Y.-We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13 ; No. 1 white, 10 to 11 ; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No 1 amber, 9; fancy dark, 8 to 81^; No. 1 dark, 8; white, extracted, 5 to 5).^; amber, 4*^ to 5 ; dark, 4 ; beeswax, 26 to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, Oct. 20. r20 & l'J2 West Broadway New York. CHICAGO, 111. — Receipts are not heavy and with cold wetaher wie look for good demand. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 11 to 12; fancy amber 10; fancy dark, 8 to 9 ; white, ex- tracted, 6; amber 5 to SJ,^; dark, 4 to Wi\ bees- wax. 26. S. T FISH & CO., Oct. 19. 189 So Water St , Chicago, 111. CHICAGO, III. — Market is not brisk but small sales are being made at following prices: Fancy white. 12; No. I white, 10 to 11;; fancy amber, 8 to 9; No. 1 amber, 7 ; fancy dark, 8; No. 1 dark, 7; white, extracted, 5 to 6 ; amber, 4 to 5 ; dark, 3HJ ; beeswax, 26 to 27. R. A. BURNETT & CO., Aug. 24. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, lU. CLEVELAND, OHIO. -The demand for honey is increasing as the season is just coming to hand. We advise shipments of white honey but dark is not moving. We quote as follows: Fancy white 12)^ to 13. No. 1 white, 11 to 12 ; fancy amber 9 to 10 ; No. 1 amber, 8 ; fancy dark, 7 ; No. 1 dark 6 ; white, extracted, 6 to ^^\ am- ber, 5 to 514; beeswax, 28 to 30. A. B. WILLIAMS & CO., Oct. 19. 80 & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. BUFFALO, N. Y. -Much b tter trade and hoH' y is moving briskly. Indications are for tip top market on all grades of honey. We quotf as follows : Fancy white. 10 to 12; No. 1 white, 10 to 11 ; fancy amber, 8 to9 ; No. 1 amber 7 to 8 ; fancy dark, 7 to 8 ; white, extracted, 5 to 6 ; amber 4.4 to 5 ; dark, 4 to 4^ : beeswax. 22 to 28. BATTERSON & (X).. Oct. 20. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. NEW YORK. N. Y.— Comb honey has been arriving for the past few days very freely so that market at present is well filled. On account of the weather being a little warm honey is eel- ling a little slowly. We quote as follows: (shade prices from 1 to »^ ct. per lb. on large sales.) Fancy white clover, 12 to 12^; No. 1 white, 10 to 11 ; buckwheat, 8>^ to 914 ; Extract- ed Californian, is selling quite lively at the following prices. White 5 to 5»4 : light amber, 4Ui to 5 ; southern extracted is very dull and is selling from .50 to 55 per gallon. New York State extracted honey not much demand as yet. Beeswax receipts rather light, we quote 25^ to 26, must be very fancy to bring outside pnce. Write us before shipping. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT&CO.. . Sept. 25. W.Broadway, Franklin & Vanck Sts. WM. A. SELSER, to VINE ST., PHILA., PENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and- beeswax. Send samples. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 255 :© Are not always the result of the same cause. They may come from starvation; from poor food; from improper preparations; from imperfect protection; from a cold, wet, or possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar, etc., etc. Success- ful wintering- comes from a proper combination of different conditions. For elear, concise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all-important points, consult "Advanced Bee Culture." Five of its thirty-two chapters treat as many different phases of the wintering- problem. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. H0TCHlHS0r4, Flint, JVIieh. liDlii:©!!:©!!!:©)! '®) '®) Mutti's : ONEY EXTRACTOR I'KRFECTION Cold-Hlast Smokers Square 6I&SS Honey Jz^rs, Etc. For Circulars, apply to (has. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman por1ers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 811. 813. 815. 817 Ea^t 9th St.. New York, PItasa mention ir.e fleulew. Bees Scooped ! i have at last succeeded in buying all *he bees within 2% miles of my home apiary. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I liav(! had over twenty years" experience in bree() ; select tfstcd, ?2 ,50. Untested queens as ear]} as the season will permit of their being reared, one forSl OU; 3 for $2.25; 6 for $4 00; 12 for $6.7.5. JOHN n- DAVIS, 2-95 12 Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tonn. TDCCO At Very Low Prices I IILLb^# Write at once for oiir ih'W cat AND t- ;il<>g\ic. It is FREE. It will till how and wIkii to plant ;ind give full particidars about tlie stock we grow and the juices we ask. ESTABLISHED 18e9. 1BO ACRB8. THE GEORGE A. SWEET NURSERY CO., Box ll(i.5. DANSVILLE. N. Y. PLANTS 256 THE bees:eepers' review. violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. Stratton& Son, of New York, and taking my Eay in mueical merchandise. I have now on and a fine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius, " Red, French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price $2.50 The case is wood, with curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3.,50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20.00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell this outfit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIPSON, Flint, Mich. G. M. LONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Reu'tew. WRITE U5 Before ordering your sections and we will give you BOTTOM PRICES on the "BOSS" ONE-PIEGE SEGIONS, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and other Supplies. We have everything in tip-top order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. tJ. FOI?r*CI?OOK & CO., Jail 1st, 1894. Pleas Watertown, Wis. ntion the Review Send for free catalogue of BEE HIVES, Improved Winter Cases, Section Shipping Cases Comb Foundation, and evorytliing used by bee- keepers. Orders filled promptly. Letters writ- ten in German will receive prompt attention. THE MINN. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLY MFG. CO.. ( Nicollet Island Power Building ) 4-97-tf Minneapolis. Minn. JRRake Youp Ovs/^n Hives. JSee ^ Keepers Will save money by using- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making' their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-uc. W.F.& JNO. BARNES CO., .384 Roby St., Rockford, Ills. 2-96-12 i^^:^^^^ nr. BJ£i!j-Kt:EPFRS' REVIEW. 257 QotorQEJiQiQiQaaQaaQiQiQiaaaaiaaQiaiJiQi i Names of Bee - Keepers. I a TYPE WRITTEN. B ia M CBEcccccrcrcccirrccrRcnEiEiEC The names of my cnstoniprs, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a lx)ok. There are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States). and, altlu)ugh this list has boon secured at an ex- pense of hundretls of dollars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at S2.00 per thousand names. The former price was $2..iO per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at S2.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be acoom- modate97 is here ami we are happy to in- form our friends and custumers that we are bet- ter prepared than ever befi're to fill y<er year. Senil f">f catalog, which is almost a complete book on Southern bee-keeping, giving queen rearing in full, all free fdp the asking. If >ou want full information almnt everything we have, and the bee Ixx.k. dimi fail t<> ;isk ff>r onr 1897 catalog. Tb« J«ooi? Atchley Co., Beeville, Hoe Co., Tex. /^ino- Injprove*! Wibtcr C&$9 Hee hives, sictious, shipping oases. ICverythine used by bee keepein. i Orders filled promjitly. Send for catalog. MINN. BEK-KEKPKBS' SUri'LV .\IK(i. CO., Nicollet Is- land, Minneapolis, Minn.. Chae. Mondeng, Mgr. t 4-97 12 are worth look- ing at We are making the now Champion Chaff Hive witli dovetailed body and supers and a full line other .Supplies, and we are selling t hem che.\p. A postal sent for a price list may save you S $ $ 8. R. H. SCHMIDT & CO.. Box 187 Sheboygan, Wis. Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices. Our specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK, 62 Cortland St., I\l. Y. City '^tease mention the Rp.uieuj. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, has accented a permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of hie apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Coil Wire 60 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 10() Brood Cases ( New Heddon ) at 25 6s Covers at 15 53 Bottom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 30 Escapes at 15 7-0 New Heddon combs at 05 50 Feeders ) Heddf)n Excelsior) at 25 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practically as good as now. The combs are in wired frames anti are ;ill straight and nice. .Vny one wishing to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon intiuiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint. Mich. A SURE WINNER. OUR SUCCtSSFUL INCU3AT0R will r "" 1^1 I rove it if you u?o it. Semi Kc for ' — 15 iii-w I'Jn (,iii;ecat;ilOK and htU'i.v the '■'A merits of our muihines. Hasvala- :ibl(? points onartificial inoubatioa ' t\nd poaltry culture generally. ' *v ■ manufacture a greater vari- f Incubiitors and Brooders 1 .my other firm. SizesSOto ., prirc-sfrom |8.00 to «70.0a TestitnoninNby DES MOiNES INC'B. CO. theyard -^^^. Hox 14.". DES MOINES. 10 WA. 10-'j7-6t Please mention the Reuiew. 258 'MSIAS^H^ iSn3d3:3'3-333 ^HJ Gleanings at \ Reduced Rates. \ m /tf'ur^*'**^* ^^^^^^fb** *;»^^^ifWi« wf*^^^^^ New subscribers sending us scribers who send us .00. or old safa- ri 1 B«for« Tbeir SubcriptioO Expires, will receive a copy of the A B C of Carp Colture, 70 pages, price 40 cents, postpaid, the pages the size of Gleanings pages ; or we will send, in place of the carp book, one copy of Winter Care of Horse? an>^>^^''r^'^:l'^L^Jr^f<^ Notes From Foreign Bee Jonrnals. F. L. THOMPSON. Lebknchen. Pfefferknchen, or Honig- knchen ( all translated " gingerbread, " though there is no ginger in them ) are, as I have mentioned before, a standard article on the continent, and in Germany their manufacture even forms an industry of some importance. Honey is the charac- teristic ingredient, the dark, strong kinds being preferred. Thinking that on account of our large foreign population, it would be very desirable to know just how they are made " on their native heath, " I 'wrote to I'aster Fleischmann, of the Leipziger Bienenzeitnng, with whom I have had some correspondence requesting the recipe. He has kindly sent several which he has tested himself. I am sure that American bee- keepers are with me in according him our hearty thanks for the favor. Mr. F. Rauch- fuss has helped me iu the explanation of some of the technical terms, except that he does not understand one of them viz. " Kali Carbonicum, " which is apparently not, as Pastor Fleischmann thinks, what we call " Carbonate of Kali, ( potash ) " since pot- ash, or lye, laiige in German, can hardly be used in the preparation of food. However, I am no chemist, and may be wrong. Mr. Rauchf uss suggests that cream of tartar may be meant for which the proper German word, however, is " Weinsteinrahm. " Will some German cooks please help us out ? Pastor Fleischmann remarks to all the receipes, " If the quantities are varied from, the amount of honey should rather be les- sened than otherwise, and the amount of soda increased, for the sake of good rising. The baking should be done with a moderate heat. For the rest, practice makes perfect. It never does any harm to add a glass of arac [a sort of whisky made in India, some- what resembling brandy in taste] to the mixture, as it makes the dough rise better." Simple honey gingerbread. — Set half a kilo (1 lb. 1% oz.) of honey on the fire. When it begins to boil, stir in half a kilo of flour and 10 grammes (a trifle over^oz.) oi potasche (chemically Kali carbonicum; probaly you call it carbonate of kali), add- ing 4 grammes (nearly 3-20 oz.) of cloves, 3 gr. (nearly H-lOoz.) cinnamon, 4 gr. cori- ander {Coriandrnin salvitum Li.,) seeds of a south Euroijeau spice plant); the spices, of course, being finely ground. According to taste, the quantity of one or the other of the spices may be increased, or even left out entirely, when hard to procure, as perhaps coriander is with you. [ Some of the spices, as coriander and cardamon, are only to be obtained of.regular dealers in spices. — F. R.] Next roll out the mass to a finger's thick- ness, cut in strips about two inches wide and four inches long, and bake slowly with a gently heat. My wife had excellent suc- cess with this receipt last Christmas. The tin on which the cakes are baked is to be brushed with wax or butter. Second Receipe.— Half a kilo (1 lb. l^^oz.) of honey is brought to a boil with V of a liter (a trifle over ',4 pint) of water, then taken from the fire and while still warm mixed with half a kilo (1 lb. 1% oz.) of flour. The resulting dough is kneaded well and then set to cool for some time. After some days (the longer the dough stands the better), it is put on a board, and one or two 262 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. yelks of eggs, with flour, stirred in, and 20 grammes (7-10 oz.) of bicarbonate of soda added, previously dissolved in water. The whole is then well mixed. Next are added according to taste, sugar, (half a kilo — 1 lb. 1% oz.), some crushed cinnamon, cloves, citron and chopped almonds; the whole is well worked, rolled out to a finger's thick- ness and laid on a tin, or put in a mold, and baked in the oven. Third Recipe.— IK kilos (almost 3X lbs.) of fine wheat flour, 375 grammes (I314' oz.) of sweet almons and 18C gr. (a trifle over G^ oz.) of bitter almonds, grated with the rind, 8 gr. (nearly 3-10 oz.) ground cinnamon, 8 gr, ground cloves, 5 gr. (a little over 1-6 oz. ) cardamon, a grated lemon peel, ^4 of a kilo (1 lb. 103^ oz.) of honey, and two pounds, [2 lbs. 3X oz. in American measure] of choice sugar. The flour is thoroughly work- ed with the almonds and all the spices, and then the hot honey, in which the sugar was boiled, stirred in. The pot in which the hon- ey was boiled is rinsed with a cup of water in which 30 gr. [almost 1 1-16 oz.] of "potasche" [cream of tartar? see remarks, first para- graph] was dissolved, and the resulting solution added to the mass, then the whole thoroughly worked. AVhen this is done, small pieces are broken, punched or cut off, rolled out with a rolling-pin and made into cakes of the desired size. But little flour should be used for rolling out. The cakes when formed are laid on a board brushed with lard, not two close together, and before putting in the oven are brushed with water, which makes them smooth. The dough must be worked rapidly, because it quickly becomes stiff. [Of course the board is not put in the oven. Mr. Rauchfuss explains this by saying it refers to a local custom of carrying the cakes on a board to the public bakeries, where they are transferred to tins.] NuEENBERGEB Lebkuohen. — Half E kilo [1 lb. Ifioz.] of boiling honey is mixed with half a kilo of fiour in a vessel. To this is added 125 gr. [a trifle over 4 2-5 oz.] of coarsely crushed almonds, previously roast- ed with 125 gr. of sugar: also 8 gr. [nearly 3-10 oz] crushed cinnamon, 8 gr. cloves, like- wise ground or crushed, and 8 gr. citron. 10 grammes [a trifle over X oz.] "potasche" [see first paragraph], dissolved in a wine- glass of rum, are then added. All is then thoroughly mingled, cakes of desired size formed in the shape of a parallelogram, and baked brown with a gently heat for three hours. Baseleb Leckerli [ '"goodies" ? ]. — I Somewhat hard to bake but of excellent flavor.] To every half kilo [ 1 lb. 1-4 oz.] of honey, take choice sugar, coarsely chop- ped almonds, flour, 40 gr. gr. [a trifle over 12-5oz.] of coarsely cut citron, a grated lemon peel, half a nutmeg, grated, and 5gr. [a little over 1-6 oz.] ground cloves. The honey is heated with the sugar and the almonds, then the spices added, then the flour and a wineglass of rum, arac or cognac mixed with it. The dough is then while still warm formed into little balls, these rolled out to half the thickness of the thumb, set in tins brushed with wax and slowly baked with a moderate heat. Glazing for any of the foregoing. — 80 gr. [a trifle over 2 4-5 oz.] of sugar is boiled to slender threads, i. e. boiled long enough to draw out in threads when a spoon is dipped in and withdrawn, then two whites of eggs beaten to a foam, and then the sugar pour- ed into the foam while continuing the beat- ing. It is applied with a little brush while still warm. Honey Vinegar. — To every 6 liters [12% pints] of water, take 1 kilo [2 1-5 lbs.] of honey; to be fermented with a piece of sour dough or a bread-crust. Mr. Rauchfuss suggests yeast for a ferment. A receipe for honey-wine was also sent, which I omit. Most American bee-keepers will prefer to omit the spirituous ingredi- ents in the foregoing, or provide equivalents. Lebkuchen have extrordinary keeping qualities, and seem to grow better with age. Just now I have no time for more than OLe*"note. " For the benefit of foreign bee-keepers who use sections, I will say that Dr. Miller wets the grooves of a whole crate [500 or 1000] of sections at once, by his plan of pouring boiling water in a slender stream along the tops of the grooves of the top layer of sections in a crate, by means of a funnel with a wooden plug in which there is a groove. Dr. Dubini, in quoting the plan in L'Apicoltore, evidently supposed each section was wet separately. Boiling water makes a finer stream than cold water, and runs straighter. MONTBOSE, Col. Sept. 19, 1897. I'HJ^ BEE-KEEFERS REVIEW. 263 The Apiary of Mr W. H. Bright, Mazeppa, Minn. mHIS engraving shows part of my apiary x' which is located on the banks of a brook which sometimes overflows during heavy rains. For this reason the hives are raised on benches. I also find it much easier to work with them as I am tall and it tires me to work in a stooping posture. The queen rearing yard is not shown in the out. The hives used are 8-frame dove-tailed; I use no others. I have not had a natural swarm this season, a thing that has not happened before in all my bee keeping ex- perience of about twenty-flve years. I think there are two reasons for this; one is that the season has been unfavorable and bees have done but little swarming in this lo- Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLIBHBD MONTHIiT. W. z. HDTCHIUSON. Editor and ProDrletor. Terms :— Sl.OO a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 : three for $:i.7() ; five for $4.00 ; ton or more, vri cents each. If it is dosiroti to have the Revi ffiw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FLINT. MICHIGAN. OCT. 10. 1897. Bbo. Yobk and wife are rejoicing over the coming of a girl baby. The Busy Bee is much improved, typo- graphically, of late. The last issue was a special number on sweet clover. A PORTION OF THE APIAKY OE W. H. BRIGHT, MAZEPPA, MINN. cality, and my bees are in a shady place, which I think has something to do with swarming. The person in the center of the yard is "Yours Truly." The one on the right is his wife and co-worker; the one on the left is Miss Ethel, a niece who lives with us and includes all onr family. Mazeppa, Minn. Sept. Ifi, 18t>7. Thin Foundation without side-walls, made on the machine for the construction of which the members of the Michigan State Bee Keei)ers' Association paid last winter, was used to some extent the past season by Mr. Aspinwall. The combs are about as delicate and fragile as natural combs, but the foundation warps and curls terribly. 264 THE BEE-KEEPERS* REV1EV^\ Langsthoth frames are used by abont one-half of those who answer questions for the question box in the American Bee Journal. A Tabiff is needed on honey, says Mr. Muth in the American Bee .Journal, other- wise bee-keepers in this country will have to put up with such comforts as satisfy a Chinaman. Paeaffine Paper over sections isn't much relished by h . L. Thompson. If I were going to have anything over the tops of my sections it would be the top bars of wide frames. Robbing may be stopped, says Mr. E. R. Whitcomb, by the use of carbolic acid. Paint with this acid the door-step of the hive that is attacked, and every bee that passes it will not be allowed to enter its own home. De. MiLiiEB reports a crop of nearly 17,000 pounds of comb honey for this year. and this in a locality where there have been very poor crops for several years. This is the best possible answer to the query "Will the good years come again ? " R. C. AiKiN is to write a series of articles for the Progressive giving his "Experience and its Lessons. " Mr. Aikin has had the experience and he knows how to tell it. Congratulations Bro. Leahy on securing the services of Mr. Aikin. Poisonous Honey is something that L. Stachelhausen believes that bees never gather, and he so expresses himself in the Southland Queen. That persons sometimes become ill after eating honey he thinks may be traced to a variety of causes. The same honey that causes sickness in one person may be eaten with impunity by another. Bbo. Leahy has in his make-up a strong vein of poetry or romance that crops out occasionally in his writings. Work that vein, Bro. Leahy, it is one of the best "leads" that you hnve. There isn't many of our bee-keeping correspondents that can compare with you in graphical and beauti- ful expression — cultivate it. Beginnees will ask questions, no matter how much you tell them to read a text book, and if there is any place in which they can get these questions fairly and satisfactorily answered it is by Dr. Miller in the " Ques- tions and Answers " department of the American Bee Journal. Mb. MoIntyee of Calilornia always holds his honey when there is a year of good crops and low prices. He has always secured as high as six cents per pound for his honey until this year, when five and one-half is all he could get. The honey is allowed to stand two weeks, when all particles arise and the honey becomes clear and sparkling, and is drawn off into cans. California honey does not granulate until about three years old. Shading Bees by means of fruit trees is objected to by Mr. L. A. Aspinwall on the grounds that the fruit drops on the hives and irritates the bees; sometimes it drops on the alighting boards and kills some of the bees; the fruit under foot sometimes causes the apiarist to stumble and perhaps fall with a hive of bees in his arms: and the hives are in the way when gathering the fruit. He prefers trees that bear no fruit. Maeyland is to have, or, rather, has now, an apiarian branch at her Agricultural College, with no less a person at its head than our old friend C. H. Lake. By the way, he has sent me a nice set of views of some exhibits that the College made in this line at an agricultural fair held in August, and I have been so busy since I came home that I have not yet had time to write and thank him. The Readers of the Review will be glad to hear of the work done by friend Lake. Chaff-Hites with walls three inches thick art objected to by C. P. Dadaut in the American Bee Journal because "the March sunshine did not reach through, and the bees remained clustered till they became sick from too lengthy coufinraent. " A plain hive made thick'>st on the back (which is always the North with him ) well-sheltered from the north and west winds, is now con- sidered best for his climate. In Michigan we need more substantial protection than that. J.HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 265 The Northwestern Convention is to be reserrected. It is to be held when low rates can be secured ou accouut ot the fat stock show. Nov. 10th aud 11th are the dates when the conveutiou is to be held and the place is at the Bri>^irs house, corner of fifth avenue aud Randolph Sts. Chicago, III. This is a convention that was once the best in the country and it can be again made such. Let's do it. I expect to go. Specialty versus bee-keeping as a side- issue is being discussed a little again in the bee journals. I am bei;iuning to think that these discussions are so much time, paper and ink gone to waste. A man that wishes to take up bee-keeping as a side-issue is going to do it in spite of all that is said to the contrary, and a man that wishes to make a specialty of the business is going to do that, and the fear of hearing people say " I told you so, " isn't going to stop him. And, after all isn't there room for both classes ? The Honey Exchange of California must not be judged too harshly nor too hastily, writes its Secretary, .J. H. Martin, to the American Bee Journal. It takes time to get these things under way and to make them effectual. For one thing, it has handled over $."),000 worth of supplies for its mem- bers, and secured a reduced price on the same, and at present is the only factor that is holding up prices in California. The Ex- change certainly has the sympathy and good wishes of the Review. Wintering Bees in a hot house is very favorably mentioned Ijy C. P. Dadant in the American Bee .lournal. He says that he once took care of half a dozen colonies that . had been placed in a hot house with an out- door entrance. He says that he has never seen colonies as strong as these, nor does he expect to see as much honey gathered by the same number of colonies as these gath- ered. Years ago. H. E. Bidwell of this State strongly urged the wintering of bees in a cold-frame, but for some reason it has never been practiced to any extent. practice to re-queen in the fall after breed- ing had ceased, and he never lost a queen. He said he took no special pains in introduc- ing, and I was at a little loss to understand the secret of his success until I happened to think that in removing a queen after the breeding season had passed, the colony is thereby made hopelessly queenless, and, in that condition, I never knew a colony to refuse a queen. 1t»U»*i^, and encouraged in an editorial note. Not that experiments on that line should be entirely forbidden; but for pity's sake, 'gentlemen, go a little slow, and imperil but few healthy colonies at first (putting a healthy family into the same rooms with a family that has leprosy.) Don't encourage others to fall in THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 269 till at least a yearhas passed. Howcau Mr. Walker know whether the disease is cured, of merely abated, wheu he experimented in swarming time, and wrote his article in August the same year ? If I get the idea paralysis has regular periods of appearance and disappearance, even when left alone — a sort of annual ague with on fit and ofif fil. Of course uf I may be allowed so Irish a bull) running in a swarm of healthy bees would help on the off tit, when the ofif fit was already coming due. We must expect that more than half of new plans and reme- dies will be failures: and if this proves a failure it is likely also to be a frightful multiplier of the disease. The method alluded to is to hive diseased swarms in hives that have just cast healthy swarms, and vice versa. Dr. Miller notes, Gleanings 621, that the usual darkening of the honey as the season advances does not appear this year. Same peculiarity here, until (juite late. Another straw on the same page says the wood of the hedge shrub osage orange has wonderful smoke making qualities. Don't have to wait for it to rot— just sound and dry. Alas, friend Thompson, we knew you were away off in the wild west, but we did'nt suppose you were driven to the des- peration of shaving yourself with a table knife I See (ileanings t>2'.». No wonder he wants all the chaps who are presidents and secretaries and factotums put out of the room . C. A. Hatch confesses that in Californian migratory operations a good many bees turn up dead in some of the hives, especially when the journey takes two nights. He shrewdly suspects that where some bees die at once many more have their lives seriously shortened by the worry they have gone through. Gleanings CSi*. A very reasonable supposition indeed I should say. .Inst seventeen minutes is the time it takes for Michigan bees, set down in a strange place, to take bearings, find nectar, and get home with the first load. I rather suspect that no other state is likely to break Mich- igan's record right away. A. L. Boyden, a member of the Home of the Honey Bees staff, talked with the man that saw the bee come in. Gleanings );;'._'. I am skeptic enough to 8usj)ect those t>ees were distress- ed for water, and that, there being some near by. they got at it quickly. Living in California and editing a maga- zine in England at the same time ! Until some way of hopping to Mars is invented one can't get much further in the line of living at a distance from his daily work. This is anent editor Cowan of the British Bee Journal, as related Gleanings G32. Has spent one winter in California, and thinks of spending the second one. R. S. Wilson, on page (>3,') of Gleanings, gives us a picture of a nice queen-register card, clock dial style. But the specially attractive thing is where he puts it — under- neath a square bit of thin board, just laid on top of the hive. Soak all to ruin the first shower, eh ? No sir'ee. A tack at each cor- ner driven half way in holds it high and dry. As to the new foundation since the last " View, " Mr. Doolittle, who was inclined in its favor, makes a very unfavorable re- port. No advantage appears, and makes a comb that resists the knife much more than ordinary comb. Ernest himself discovers that when the bees have time they pile in wax next the juncture of wall and septum, to remedy, (in their eyes) its ugly flat-bot- tomedness. The edict has gone out that next year's drawn foundation must have natural bases. Gleanings 639. What little things a laugh sometimes de- pends on. In the last American Bee Jour- nal I laugh to see a string of the senators saying, " I don't know, " " I don't know, " " I don't know, " just as the dog barks of a pleasant evening, at nothing at all. They think they are responding to a question; but the question is'nt there. Got left out somehow. Here's another thing that makes me laugh, almost the next page A. B. .7. .590. Emm Dee (presumably the department editor, Dr. Peiro) and his bee-keeping neighbor, much wiser than himself (pre- sumably editor York; are in it. Both had some honey to sell from their home apiaries; and both engaged the same smart little boy to retail for them. Now Emm Dee " slouch- ed " a little — put on old, discolored sections, and couldn't bother to scrape the propolis off— and his honey sold tip top. The wise neighbor's honey needed more pushing to make it go. Folks thought it looked too proper for this world of sin, and imagined it must be manufactured. In A. B. J. .">7'.i, Deacon savagely pitches into our habit of saying that bees "draw ont " foundation. The idea that a bee can 270 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. get hold of the broad stumpy ridge that answers to side wall in a piece of ordinary foundation and pull it out fills him with a fine scorn. That Deacon will get into trouble if he don't look a little out— but not with me this time. A faucet went wrong, and three tons of Mendelson's honey went wrong — in a stream down the canyon A. B, J. 570. (Don't you telegraph a single condolence. He's got 50 tons left.) Rambler says he knows of a ca?e where nice white honey was changed to amber by letting the hot sun shine in it several days. A. B. J. .566: This is a bran new warning against the awful impolicy of extracting too soon. Pungency, lack of flavor, undue fluidity, foaming, souring, going to half candy and half water— formed ^uite a chain of terrors before. And (I've waited long enough for somebody else to say it) "cap- ped two-thirds down" is'nt ripe enough of- tentimes. Frequently the other third is very thin indeed and badly demoralizes the whole batch. Ah ! here's what I was just saying, and by good authority, and a number of weeks old. "The greatest trouble with unripe honey comes from that which is daily added to an unfinished super by the bees." C. P. Dadantin A. B. J. 401, And F. L. Thompson, Gleanings 445, goes one better by having the honey all capped, and then waiting a spell longer. C. Davenport needed a large uncapping can, and coulda't wait for one to come from the supply store; so he just made one of an alcohol barrel sawed into two unequal tubs. Found it larger, and and more substantial, and costing .$5.50 less— bating about an hour's work to make it. A. B.J. 387. Go thou and do likewise. On page 391 A. B. J. Dr. Miller tells of using the edge of a green leaf as a handy valve for the hole you are poking bees and queen through. And hear how Daolittle, in A. B. J. 403 goes for the Palestine bees. " With me they would not start a large amount of brood at any other time save when the hon- ey flow was on ; and this I think is one of the worst faults that any race of bees can possess ; for an extra amount of brood during a honey yield always means a multitude of months to feed after the honey harvest is past." James B. Drury, in A. B. J. 404, contri- butes an interesting freak of robber bees. During a great carnival of robbing ( Had one myself this very day ) a great lot of would-be robbers rushed into an empty hive. There was no honey there to plunder yet they were too obstinate to go away. They soon began to play they were a colony, pro- tecting their hive against later comers, and kept the nonsense up for three or four days. It seems that so great a man as Mr. Har- bison, in so great a bee region as southern California, was not above doing some planting for honey — set out a large planta- tion of the best honey-bearing sage. A. B. J. 4;m. McEvoy says colonies differ greatly a bout letting brood starve in time of scarcity. Some will doit when there is considerable sealed honey left in the hive, just because they feel penurious about uncapping it. Suggests that such misers should have their queens replaced by something better. A. B. J. 4;^. Mrs. Axtell's decision is that the spring feeding of meal does more harm than good. Dr. Miller says a queen reared in a little nucleus is worth less than nothing. A. B. J. 439. Wallenmeyer thinks that in those fairs where the premiums are too small to justify a first class display, a free permission to sell honey lemodade might be obtained, to the end that profits and premiums together might pay expenses. H i suggests free lemonade to officers and judges — with the shrewd expectation that they will go and tell of you. A. B.J. 450. Also in A. B. J. 470 he gives valuable kinks about exhibiting bees at fairs. Have a bran new smoker, and blow air among them every hour or so. If this does not seem to be sufficient spray in cold water with an atomizer. Yon can see by the way they become comfortable. Friend Mahinsays that in 27 years' exper- ience golden rod has yielded honey abund- antly only twice, once in the early '70s, and latest in 1881. In my locality golden rod seldom draws many bees but as other in- sects are sometimes thick on it when bees are not, I judge that sometimes there is no nectar, and sometimes helianthus and other forage which bees esteem better draw all the bees away. Also the level-toped golden rods are visited often times when the plumose species are neglected. Mr. Mahin says there must be some reason why bees worked at blackberry bloom so unusually this year. A. B. J. 467. Who will tell us what it was ? His suggestion that it was the very cool, damp weather hardly satisfies Itit: BEh-KEEFERS- REVIEW. 271 me. If I cau't catch the game perhaps I can yelp a little ou its track. Isn't it true that wheuever there is goiug to be an unusual crop of any fruit the bees show onnsnal zeal at its blooui V Dr. Ciallup received a queen from Ohio that brought paralysis with her. All her daughters, live in number, died of the dis- ease in a short time. Having had experi- ence with constitutional diseases in fancy pigeons and poultry, he is sure a similar remedy is needed for paralysis — every head cut off at once. Only at present he seems to think it will suffice to apply the remedy to queens alone. I have some doubts on that last point. A. B. J. 482. In the Progressive Somnambulist has been getting around again to the review and critic business. His best efforts are in that line it seems to me. The last article is in- terjected with editorial, Stray Straw fashion: and in one of these the editor ''gives away " the (xleanings apiary. The view seen in the A. B. C. book nowhere to be found. General Demoralization been leading the forces through a critical campaign. In a straw. Gleanings 441, Dr. Miller thinks a tangle of swarms without any any queen will sometimes sulk on a tree all day — such a case not to be expected except where the bees have been thwarted several times in their swarming efforts. According to R.C. Aikin, Gleanings 47i», Colorado folks think they have a bran new bee disease. Xo corrupt combs like foul brood, no swollenorshiny invalids tumbling round the door like paralysis, but just mysterious disappearance to such an extent that a strong colony in a few days is so de- populated that they have to let their brood perish. A pretty how to do, I should say; and we are few of us anxious for closer ac- puaintance. They call their disease " eva- poration. " I suspect that it is paralysis, only in a more severe and sudden phase. Bees usually Hy away from the hive when they feel that they are yoing to die. The usual phase of paralysis is an^exception be- cause the affected individuals were born in- valids, and never feel any one hour very much worse than they did the hour before — that is not till inability to fly arrives. When a man says an unpopular thing we find it very easy to pass him along. Just hear Mc. Knight on glucose. " (ilncosc is not vile stuff.' It is a lositi- mate article of commerce, and it« productiuu ^aiid sale are as honorable as the production and sale of any other article of commerce when sold for what it is." (jleanings 484. 'Spects I should have to insert a" necessar- ily" in the first sentence, and a "might be" in the second — and decorate the last clause with a parenthesis reading ( When's that V ) In extracting it's quite a serious matter sometimes that bees receiving a set of wet combs not their own get in a tlurry over them (evidently considering them plunder) and attract all the robbers in the yard. E. H. Schaeffle says take off the combs at early morn and don't make returns ^ntil eventide. Gleanings 48.'). Mr. S. is is. Californian, and takes part of his crop as comb honey. First he used the triangular top starter with the Miller bottom starter. The latter was abandoned for curling over so often. Next he used three triangles, a big one at top and small ones in the bottom corners. Bees gnawed these last out too often. Now he usesa narrow strip on each side, in con- nection with the top triangle, which seems to be his sheet anchor. The editor (Gleanings 480) says the Cor- nell smoker is more popular than the Crane at present. Much interesting information about Apis Dorsata appears in Gleanings 487. Mr. Sladen of Eugland, who has lately studied them diligently in India, says he is sadly impressed with their laziness — only abroad about three hours in a day, and even then moving very languidly, often stopping on a leaf to rest. His measurements of ligulas (direct measurements of such slender organs of dead insects must not be trusted very much ) indicate that the ordinary bee's reach is only one-tenth less than dorsata's — a bumble bee's reach being more than twice that of dorsuta. He also thinks dor- sata wax of inferior quality. The missionary Mr. Bunker, who has written us before on the subject, adds some new items. In Burma, for a part of the year, it migrates to a mountain district where (as I infer) there are no trees. There it accepts large stakes set horizon- tally in steep hillsides by the natives. This seems to be the nearest to captivity we have heard of yet. But he notes that the amount of honey they have seems small, compared with what we would expect of such great colonies of big fellows. (Natives eat the brood; at least in some places they do.; In the forest 1*0 miles east of Tonugoo 272 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlMi*. they may be readily studied or taken any December, he thinks. ( Better get'em from some small island where they don't migrate, because they can't. ) But unless the above facts can be re-read in some other way it looks as though Apis Dorsata was a dead cock in the pit. RiOHABDS, Ohio. Sept. 23, 1897. them. When I went through York State I noticed that they used two-wheeled trucks where we in the central and western portion of the country use four-wheeled ones. On the latter, crates holding ten or twelve cases would be handled just as they should be — in a horizontal position. On two-wheeled trucks, these crates would be trundled and bumped over the plank platforms at an angle of 45 degrees, as explained. EXTRMOXED. Shipping Comb Honey. I have shipped comb honey both in and out of large crates for holding the small cases. In only one instance have I shipped without the crates and found it satisfactory, and that was when I sent 4,000 pounds to New York City. In this instance the cases were piled upon straw in one end of a car, and straw put between them and the sides and end of the car. Boards were put up behind the cases to keep them in place. This matter of how comb honey shall be prepared for shipment came up for discus- sion at the Buffalo convention, and Glean- ings very fairly reports it as follows;— " A good deal of discussion took place at the Buffalo meeting regarding the best methods for shipping comb honey by freight. Several took the ground that it was bad policy to put cases of comb honey in a large protecting-crate; that the honey was more liable to be broken in such crates than when piled loosely in a car on straw. Others insisted just as strenuously that they never had success in shipping honey till they used these protecting-crates. Among those who advocated putting the cases in a car without the crate were Capt. J. E. Hetherington, Dr. C. C. Miller, and quite a number of others. These latter, i. e., those who advocated the non-use of the crates, very often ship in large lots and in carloads; when the cases are piled up solidly in a car (combs parallel to the rails) there is not very much liability of the honey being broken. On the other hand, when honey is shipped in small lots, say in five or ten cases, it seems to go better in a crate, es- pecially if it is transferred. But Mr. S. A. Niver, of Groton, N. Y., made the point that those heavy crates holding, say, ten or twelve cases, are pretty sure to be handled in York State on two-wheeled trucks. The crates were put on them the long way; and as they are trundled from one car to an- other the combs are jolted when held at an angle of 45 degrees, and the wrong way at that, and this causes the breaking out when they used crates. It was hard for me to reconcile that statement in view of the fact that we had always had better success by using the crates than when we did not use Breeding for Longer Tongnes. Prof. Oook has a long and interesting article in Gleanings upon the advisability and probality of increasing the length of bees' tongues by care and selection in breeding. He says but little regarding the desirability of the change, taking that for granted. If man, or something, overcomes the insect enemies of the red clover, a lengthening of the tongues of the bees would undoubtedly be an advantage, but so little red clover is now raised in this locality that a lengthening of tongues would be of little or no advantage here; it is possible however, that there are localities where red clover is unmolested, or where there are other plants in which a length of tongues would be an advantage. Here is the method that the Professor would adopt to obtain the desired results: " A good tongue-gauge, accurate know- ledge of the habits of bees, and good judge- ment to use this knowledge, and unflagg- ing persistence — even in the face of seem- ing failure — are the implements that shall win in this struggle. The inclined-plane tongue-gauge used by me some years ago, and which won a medal at the Paris exhibi- tion, is cheap and effective. Simply placed in the hives it will tell what colonies have longer tongues than others, and so what colonies should be used in breeding. Mr. J, H. Martin and others have also invented efficient and practical gauges by which the length of the tongues could be accurately measured. When colonies are found that the workers have tongues longer, even though but slightly so, than the average, the queens of such colonies should be used exclusively in breeding. If by use of any of the methods recommended for controll- ing mating as to male or drone bees, as by pruning drone comb, using drone traps, securing eariy drones from desired colonies, or by working in isolated districts, both drone and q jeen can be selected; then the end sought would be brought nearer. In case the apiary were large, so that a large number of queens would be needed, then more speedy results might be expected. The tongue-gauge would surely tell which of the new colonies had retained or increas- ed the desirable feature, and so which to use in subsequent mating or breeding. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 273 Such an effort, intelligently and faithfully persisted in and carried out, would surely result in a greatly improved race of bees, and in a great advantage to our craft. The only question is. Have we the man with re- quired patience and persistence 'i This would be, in some ways, much easier than improving cattle, horses, and hogs, as the numbers produced per season would be imtneusely greater, though the greater difficulty in controlling mating!would stand in the way of quick results. Who has the patience to do this valuable work ? The Pettit System of Producing Comb Honey and Mounier's Cure for Bee Paral- ysis a Success. When I first really understood the Pettit system, that of raising the front of the hive and compelling the bees to crawl up the sides of the hive, thus throwing them to the outside sections, and that of having a double bee-space on the outside of the last row of sections, I was inclined to be- lieve that it would do all that Mr. Pettit claimed for it. Mr. Earl C. Walker of Indiana reports to Gleanings his success with this plan. He also says how he has succeeded with the Monnier cure for bee paralysis. Here is what he says: " During the honey season which is draw- ing to a close I have given Pettit's plan of taking comb honey a trial, in part. I con- sider the scheme of placing wedge-shaped pieces of wood under the sides of the hive, thus causing the bees to distribute them- selves to the sides and back end of the hive, the most valuable feature of the system. By this means the bees witli their loads of honey are sent directly to the outside sec- tions, which win be tilled as soon as those in the center of the super. Instead of saw- ing out wedge-shaped pieces of pine, as des- cribed by Mr. Pettit, I simply get some ordinary shingles, which taper down to a thin edge, and split them up into strips '„ inch wide. These are placed under the Bides of the hives, as directed by Mr. Pettit. This not only causes the bees to fill the out- flide sections, but gives abundant ventila- tion, which is so necessary in the hot sum- mer months. I had several colonies that seemed determined to hang out and loaf. I placed the strips of shingles under the edges of the hives, and the bees quit loafing, and went to work in the r^ections. One of these gave a surplus of 72 lbs. of comb hon- ey. I will keep the strips under the hives until winter, for ventilation. monnieb's oubb fob bbb-pabalysis. I have cured several ca^es of bee-paralysis this season by running healthy swarms in- to hives containing afifected colonies. The healthy bees would at once attack the dis- eased ones, and carry them ofif. In most cases I let the diseased bees swarm, and then the next healtliy swarm that issued I ran into a hive out of which a healthy swarm had issued. The disease has entirely disappeared. All that seems to be necessary is to mix a diseased and a healthy colony together, and the bees do the rest. The scheme of uniting diseased colonies to cure paralysis was given in Gleanings on page 447, and I used the above method of putting it into practice. All bee men should try this cure, and report the result. Mr. Mon- nier, who discovered this, deserves a vote of thanks from all bee-keepers. When I read his article, I, like .you, Mr. Editor, had my doubts about it being a certain cure. But I have tested it for myself, and am positive that it is a sure cure. Try it and see. " This plan of cure is exactly opposite to the idea that paralysis is contagious, but never mind theories, it is facts that we are after. I may say that the introduction of a queen from a diseased colony did not re- sult in paralysis at the Mich. Agricultural College this season. The Bee-Keepers' Union Once More— Only one Union Needed. In Gleanings for Sept. 1, Prof. Cook says some very sensible things about the two Unions and the desirability of amalgama- tion, and I think that he voices the senti- ment of the majority of the members of these societies. Here is what he says. " I am reluctant to speak further upon the above subject; but Mr. Newman's letter in July 1st Gleaniugp, and the importance of the subject, impel me to a further word. I am very sorry if I misquoted Mr. New- man, and even more sorry if I misrepresent- ed him. I have had high appreciation of his services, and have had only the kindest feelings regarding him. I am sure I need not say that any thought of antogonism to him has never been in my mind. In the last vote, I believed ( and I think many others did ) that we were voting only on the question of amalgamation. I voted no— not that I was opposed to amalgama- tion per se, but only because I felt that many of the members were, and that we should not force the change upon them. It seems to me to-day that this was a correct position. Others thought that the Union should not be tied to the National Associa- tion, or at least that such a marriage would not be wise, and hence the large vote against amalgamation. I did not suppose the fail- ure to amalgamate would result in the for- mation of the two Unions; but, rather, if the marriage WHS not consummated, the old Union would lock horns with adultera- tion— would hitch on its whole force to aid co-operation, and wouldeagerly grasp any 274 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. lever that would help to raise bee-keeping to a higher plane of success. Amalgamation was lost. We have two organizations, kindred in their general plan and make-up, requiring the same machine- ry for their work — the one tied, possibly by vote of its members, though I am not sure of that, but certainly by the views of its manager, to one limited, and, as it seems to me, rather unimportant line of work at the present time; the other, ready to attack any evil that really threatens the life or welfare of our industry. What a chance the old Union is losing now in not march- ing against adulteration here in California, where every thing would favor success ! We have a good law, manager on the ground, and public sentiment all on our side. We could almost certinly have won a grand success, and secured a precedent that would have been as powerful for good as the Arkansas court decision gained previously by the Union. It seems to me that, in case we could not constitutionally grapple with this foe at this opportune time, we should have taken steps at once to secure the right and power to do so. I fully believe that we can afford but one organization. This seems so axiomatic to me that I believe the bee-keepers generally will concur. As the new Union seems more broad in its scope, more alive to the needs of bee-keepers, more ready to attack the enemy in whatever form he may take, I believe it wise to merge the old Union into the new. So far as I have heard expression, this seems the growing opinion. I wish I could be at Buffalo to join in a calm, dispassionate consideration of the whole subject. Surely, the discussion should come, and the matter of a second submission to vote be carefully weighed. I presume a large number of the members, and a soodly proportion of the officers of the old Union, will be present, and I hope that they will make themselves heard. " At the Buffalo convention there were present twenty members of the old Union and they voted to a man in favor of there being only one Union, in short, for amalga- mation, and a committee was appointed to confer with the old Union, should it express a desire to unite with the United States Union. TJnlooked-for Objectio s to the Drawn Comb. Mr. Doolittle has been experimenting with the drawn comb and reports as follows to the Progressive Bee-Keeper. " Undoutedly the readers of the Pro- gressive Bee-Keeper are wondering how Doolittle was pleased with the drawn comb, which he was so favorably impressed with last sprins, after he has tested it in his apiary. Well, I was disappointed with it. I did not expect it would be perfect in its first stages, for it will be remembered that I said I considered it nearer perfection for the purpose for which it was intended) than was comb foundation in its infancy, for the purpose for which it was intended. But there were things about the matter which I did not understand, and those things related almost entirely to the flat- bottomed cells. I had used the Van Deusen flat-bottomed foundation for years, and as the bees made no objections to the flat bases to the cells, I had not calculated that the flat bottoms to these cells in the Weed comb were to play so important a part. Whether in foundation for the brood cham- ber, or that for the sections, the bees al- ways changed the Van Deusen flat-bottom to the style of that they used for their own combs, or very nearly so, doing it so quick- ly that no perceptible time was lost ; but from the past season's experience it would seem that where the cell- walls on flat-bot- tomed bases are from one-eighth to one- fourth inches deep, the bees cannot get at the bottom of the cells to change them over from the flat form to that usually em- ployed for comb. And because they could not do this they were slow in accepting this new drawn comb, actually advancing ordin- ary foundation to a point nearer comple- tion during the same length of time, and also storing more honey in the latter than in the former. For this same reason, as I believe, I was confronted with something in this drawn comb which I had not seen in years, or since I used to insert a plaster paris form in a section, having the imprint of comb foundation on one side, on which I painted melted beeswax, which adhered to the section, in the center, after the plaster of paris was removed. As will be seen, this sheet of wax, I now had in the center of the section, hs.d one side of plain wax, as it left the brush, wliile the other side was very much like foundation. In a poor year, the bees would accept the foundation side of this sheet of wax, build out the cells and fill it with honey, and cap it over as nice as could be. while the smooth side of the wax center remained just as the brush left it. Thus I would have sections of nice white capped honey on one side, and an entirely vacant side on the reverse. And, strange to say, I find some sections very similar in this respect by the use of this Weed drawn comb; only, of course, the bees have not eaten away the cell walls; but simply left them un- touched on one side, while the other is filled with honey and all nicely capped over. I can only account for this on the ground that the bees are loth to accept the flat-bot- tomed cells, and only did so, where, for some reason or other, one side came near to where the cluster of bees were at work busily on the sections opposite. That the trouble is in the flat base, together with high cell wall, seems very evident, from the fact that a close examination shows that the bees, in their efforts to have things as they wish them, have filled in the corners with their own wax, in some cases sufficient to give the bottoms of the cells a somewhat rounded appearance, and in many instances where this has not been done, the whole bottom of the cells are varnished over, apparently with propolis, the same as they THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEVit 275 will do with comb which remains long ou the hive when propolis is comiug in from the tields, hut no honey. The result of this tlat Ijase, together with deep cells, being thus objectionable to the bees, is that we have comb honey, where any is completed, that will resist the cutting of a knife, two to one, what it did before the bees had access to it. And for the same reason, a greater bulk of wax and propolis accumulates in the mouth in chewing any certain sized piece after the bees have manipulated it, than will be accumulated before the bees touch it. To be sure, I could only test it in a poor season, as we had such in this local- ity, and I can readily believe that with a rousing honey season, which compels the bees to store honey in any nook or corner, so to speak, the case would be different, and the product, under such conditions, nice and equal to that built ou foundation, or in natural comb, as some have given testi- mony. But it will be remembered that many of us have testified with pride to the fact that, with ' bait sections, ' we have secured quite a little crop of honey in years so poor that the bees did not scarcely touch fonndation at all. and the main claim for this new high cell-walled foundation was that it would give us all ' bait sections, ' and by thus furnishing the bees with sec- tion* full of comb, swarming was to be re- tarded, and a fair crop of honey secured, even in a poor year. I am still of the opin- ion that the grounds taken against this new product last spring, were unwarranted, and that the whole trouble hinges on the cell walls being formed on a flat sheet of wax, to which none took exceptions before they had tried it. I am informed that Mr. Weed be- lieves this high cell wall fonndation can be made on natural bases, and if it can, I am Btill oi>en for a fair test of the same again so am not going to condem" the whole thing from this one season's trial. Neither do I believe that what we now have is an entire failure, for those who nse bottom starters in their sections will tind it a boon over fonndation, in as much as it will stand up- right, while so small a strip will be used that the bees cin change the base, as they do along the edges, where a larger piece is nsed. If our season had bef>n one of those where honey comfs in as if by magic, nn- doubtedly my report would have been differ- ent, and been more in agreement with others who have reported a success ; but I am glad, on account of these experiments, that the season was poor, for thereby we have found out ' whpre we are at ' in a single season, whilp it might have taken longer to remedy the defects, hnd it been otherwise. While I am of the opinion that something of value may come out of thi« high cell wall foundation yet my nflvice would be to go slow and careful in testing, using, or rut- ting much money into machinery ff>r its manufacture, for. so far. nothing different from this would be warranted. " Perhaps some of my readers will expect me to say " I told you so." Not so. My only objection to the article was that I thought that it would make the side walls tough and leathery. I am not aure yet that such will be the case, but I did not dream that in some cases the bees would add to the septum in trying to change the base to a natural shape, thus making a terribly thick septum. The Root's are now at work trying to make this style of foundation with a natural base. If they do not succeed, the mattar will be dropped. If they do — well, time will tell what will be the result. The Latest ii Regard to the Deep-Cell Foundation. An objection to the deep-cell foundation as come from an unexpected direction. The bees in their attempts to change the base really add to the septum in some instances, making it very thick and tough. While at the Buffalo convention I assisted at the consumption of a section of honey built from deep-cell foundation. While the side-walls had not the flakiness of natural comb, yet they were not so very bad, but the septum was very tough and hard. Mr. Doolittle says that the bees also have the bad habit of sometimes leaving one side of the foundation untouched, while the other is drawn out and filled with honey ; in short, there seems to be a "right" and "wrong" side to it. Mr. Root told me that they should drop the matter unless they could succeed in making a foundation with a natural shaped base. Here is what appears in (rleauings for Sept. 1. " Since our last issue, but before it reach- ed Mr. Doolittle, we have received a letter from our Borodino correspondent, sending in his report of the new drawn foundation. He finds it no more nuickly accepted by the bees than foundation, nor finished any sooner, and that, after being completed, it has a ' resistance in cutting far greater than that built on common foundation. ' He winds up, ' I had hoped it would be a boon to bee-keepers. ' It will be remembered that Mr. Doolittle was very favorably dis- i)()spd toward the new article when it was first introduced: and, so far from believing it would work di'^aster to the industry, he expressed himself as believing it would be a great stride forward. A«the results secured by Mr. Doolittle are so different frfim those obtained by us, Dr. Mason. Burt. Ipcr, and others, we l)egan a careful and more thorough investigation. Mr. Weed and I overhauled our sections coi'taining comb honey that the bees had made off from the new foundation: for it will be remembered that, in our eating- tests on the two different lots (see page 529), 276 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVia^W. no one of our Medina folks could tell the difference between combs of honey built from drawn foundation and that from the ordinary product. We knew Mr. Doolittle to be a very careful and conscientious ob- server, and set about to discover lohy he should have such a different result. Thh drawn foundation we sent to him arrived near the close of his season; or, at leash Mr. Salisbury, living within thirty miles of him, and to whom we sent a similar lot on the same day, reported that the season was fast waning. good. No. 2 is also a sample of worker comb built wholly by the bees. But you will observe that its walls, and especially its bases, are very much heavier than those of No. 1 But No. 2 was built after the honey- flow, and at a time when the bees had plenty of leisure to put in a surplus of wax. No. 3 .is an ordinary specimen of drone comb built during.fhe flow of honey, and, as we have before shown, the bases are con- siderably heavier than iu the case of No. 1. No. 4 is a sample of deep-cell (or drawn) foundation from the latest dies, before the bees had done any work on it. No. 5 is the same foundation drawn out enuring the hon- ey flow. But you will notice, somewhat at variance to our experience previously re- ported, the bees thickened the bases a trifle, and also thinned the walls near the top edges. No. 6 is comb built from drawn foundation, as shown at 4, but it was drawn out when the honey-flow was waning, and the bees liad more time to chink in a sur- plus of wax. just as they do in case of their own natural product, as shown in No. 2. Well, in going over our sections of comb honey from drawn foundation we finally found some specimens that had heavier bases or midribs than some other lots th^t we had been testing, and which seemed to be all right. In order to get a better cro-s- sectional view of them they were placed in plaster casts, as were also pieces of worker comb built wholly by the bees, natural-built drone comb, drawn foundation before it had been in the hive, and another specimen after the bees had worked it out. Cross-sections were taken of each, and the results repro- duced in halt-tone. No. 1 shows natural worker comb without foundation of any sort; but it was when the honey-Huw was It will be noticed in this connection that there are times when bees make much heavier walls and bases in their comb- builiimer than at otiiers, and that those times vary accordixig to the strength of the honey-flow, whether it is on iu full tilast, is waning, or has stopped altt)gether. Bearing in mind these facts, it is easy to reconcile why Mr. Doolittle should have secured dif- ferent results from those obtained by us. When we placed our deep-cell foundation on the hive, it was during the time when honey was coming in well; and it would seem, therefore, the bees used, with slight modi- THIL BEh-KKEPERS' REVIEW. 277 tication, any thing aud every thing that had cells into which they could pile their honey, as they had not time to draw out the ordin- ary foundation. In the case of Mr. Doo- little, the honey-flow was wauintr, and, as drawn foundation has flat bases, the bees were probably halting between two opinions — on the one side, whether they should utilize cells already drawn out, but which had fiat bases that they didn't like, or should stop to draw out the foundation that had natural bases. As they were not able to give them an hexagonal form they did the next best thing, and tilled up the corners with wax, as will be seen at G. and to a less extent in .">. The result of all of this goes to show that we were honest in reporting what we saw, and Mr. Doolittle was equally honest in re- porting exactly what he observed. It is evident, then, that, even in deep-cell (or drawn ) foundation, flat bases do not always eait the bees, and ttiat there are times when they will try to remodel these bases by sticking in more wax, and thus making a more perceptible midrib. Mr. Weed, who has made all of these plaster casts, and has given me all of my pointers, assures us that he can make drawn ( or deep-cell ) foundation, if you please, with natural bases. His first idea was, in fact, to make such bases: but his experi- ments last summ^'r led him to believe that flat bases, when deep walls were u=pd. were JQst as good as natural. But Mr. Doolittle's letter caused us to stop and scratch our heads, and go a' I over onr experiments again more carefull.N : and the result is that Mr. Weed ha^ about come to the conclusion that natural bases are better, even in the case of deep-cell foundation, and he now proposes to remodel his bases; and this, I iiave no doubt, he will do successfully. I am willing to acknowledge that, in one respect at least, drawn foundation is not what we at tir-st hoped it would be, but in only one respect, and this in relation to the matter of the bases: but if that is the only trout)le we can easily remedy it. But there is one thing we can not do. and that is to prevent the bees from building their all-worker comb-^ heavier at some seasons of the year than at others. A few weeks from now we hope to show yon sam- ples of drawn foundation having natural bases instead of flat, said bases being just as thin as the bees make them. Probably the walls will be a little thicker near the bottom of the cells than at the top. But that makes no difference, because the bees like the job, seemingly, of thinning down the walls, for we know they almost invari- ably do so. " ADVERTISEMENTS Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Smokers, Queen Cages, and everything needed in the apiary. Warranted Italian queens 75 cts, each. Two frame nucleus, with a queen. $2 60. Send for catalog. DEANES & MINER, Ronda. N. C. — If you are going to — BUY A BtfZZ - SAW^, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. i My foundation is made by a peculiar pro- t i cess (no dipping boards used ) which re- S 5 suits in a superior article— one that can't ? 1 he surpassed The best goods are none too c 5 good, and the lowest prices none too low for ; \ these times, and I can furnish both, not only t 5 in foundation but a full lino of beekeepers' \ I SUPPLIES. i f Send for a catalogue and bo your own judge. J ^ Wax wanted at 26 c cash or 29 c in trade, de- 3 ; livered. AUGUST WEISS, 3 I 4 97-int Hortonville, Wis. } t « ^j; Page & Lyon i^ ^i^^^-^X r MFii. ro. I X >'^^/^ ''»w; New London, Wis :*"^®|'| Nearness to pine and basswood for- %:'% ests, the jjossession of a saw mill and J'^ factory enuiped with the best of ma- s:-^,^ chinery. and years of experience, all ^.fi combine to enable this firm to fur- J^^ / J nish the beet goods at lowest prices. S^ 4/?:? Send for circtiiar, and see the prices 5i? k'J on a full line of 8upi)lie8. 1-97-tf ©^ f i %)§ please mention th» Rtultut. 278 THE BEE-KEEPEha' HEVIEW SUPPLIES BEE-KEEPERS We A\AKe the Finest Line of in tbe A\ArKet, z^nd sell T^erp At Low Prices. Free Illujtrzited Czvtzvlogue and Price L-ijt. G. B. LEWI5 CO., Watertown, Wi5. E. T. BBBOTT, 5t. Jo^^phr f\o,, 5«lls our Hives ao^I 5«ctiorjs at Pzictory Pricej. DIRECT FROM MILL TO WEARER. Which Saves you 4 Big Profits. TAe Commission House. The Wholesaler, The Jobber and Store Keeper. E. ROSENBUKGER & CO. 202-2041 mMi, NEW YORK CITY. Our Great Bari^ains S'JiTS Bop's jldonis Suits, Sizes 3 to 15, * u)itl> extra pair of pants, S2.98 ^ Th?se Suits are GUARANTEED to be made from imported Woal Cheviot, in Black. Blue, Grey, and brown, in sizes from 5 to 9 years of age. Made up double-breasted, with Sailor Cotl.ir— Collar fancy embn iiiered— lined with fast Black Albert Twill Sateen and Patent W;iist Bands. Trimming and Work- manship, the very best. Same in Sizes for ages lo to 15 years, without Sailor Collar. See Pattern's Below. Guaran'eed to be made from All Wool, Fancy Brown, Gray. Black, or Blue Worsted Corded Cheviot, made in latest style, lined with Imported Farmer Satin, trimmed and finished in the best of Custom Tailor manner. You cannot duplicate it in your town for $16.00. Sizes 34 to 42. The same goods made for Youth's, 13C OC to 18, in Long Pants, Coat and Vest, "■ *>" A CUSTOM MADE TO ORDER MAN'S SACK SUi 117.50 How to measure for Men's and Youths Suits Measure around the Breast and W ,1 i s t over the Vest, and from Crotch to Heel for Pants. We Pay Ex- press Char- ges, and should you not feel satis- lied will refund the money. Remember I You buy direct from one of the lar2;est Clo- thing Manu- facturers in America. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 279 Ttie ''fligginsville" Siuokef. -•v> n The above cut ehows the "HIGGINS- \ ILLE " Smoker. Fig. 'J shows the nozzle thrown back for filling. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draft. H^ "The 'Higginsville' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " J. M Morse, Holden, Mo. ^p~ Price of smokers, Voc ; 3 for $1.80; by mail add i'ic each for postaRe. Spud for catalog of i)tlif»r supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo, P/eaf* mention *he Review. Franklin House Ci>r Bates and Lamed sts Very central. Elevator gJTviie steaiD heat, eiectrio li(,'ht«, tile floors, etc, Rate8tl.5utot2i)f.-iday. K.Vi J amesA Sons, Props. DETROXT, MICH. This is to R^rrjipd You. Fmnt, Mich., June 29, '67. To OUR Fbiknds and P.vtuonb:— We take this method of informing you that we are now more ready than over to practice medi- cine. The senior iiiemher, C. Ij. Howell, has herotofore only been able to do day work, but now thinks himself able to make night calls as well as day calls. It has been most difficult to make our friends tounderstiind that C. L. Howell was even able to do any work ; he is not well by a long way, but must work. His very long and severe sickness was a cyclone to him. Finances took a drop beyond what would be a healthy standard for a banking liouse. This is why wo take this extraordinary course to have you under- stand that we are ready (if not able) for work. Alm>y bee-keepers, and sell at lowest prieos. Our Falcon Polished Sections are warranted superior to all others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made goods when you C can just as well have f hf* BE8T— such as we make. C THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a r>0-ct, .Iti-page montldy now in its 7th fl year. Sample free. .VdlretM "W. T. FALCONER Mfg. GOm Jamestown, N. T. £ 280 THE BEE-KEEPERS' RLVIE'». i DAOANT'S FOUNDATION BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Has no superior becanse it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax— that from which all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. LANGSTKOTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Kevised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HamJItOil, IIIS. _ --^1 ^^^_^ 4-96-l2t Please mention the ffeuiei I ■UK^'pOVDtft'ifU*" See That Wink ? Bee Supplies. Root's go xls at Root's prices. Poodkb's Honey Jabs Prompt ser- vice. Low freight rates. Cataloefree. WALTER 8. POUDER, 162 Maes Ave., Indianapolis, Ind., the only exclusive bee supply house in Indiana. — If you wish the best, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER. Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment fOr advertising, and he would be pleaserl to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. Farm Be*^ - Keeping. The only bee paper in the United States ed- ited in the interests of the farmer-bee-keeper and the beginner is the Busy Bee, published by EMERSON T. ABBOTT, St. Joseph, Mo. Send for free sample copy NOW. BEESWAX EXTRACTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ox- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam . Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. G. FERRIS, 4-96-tf South Columbia. N.Y- If You Wish Neat Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. The Land of Honey, The Italy of America I Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 365 E. 2nd St., Los Angeles, Califoinia. PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOnNDHIOS HAS NO 'sag in brood FRAMES. Iliiii^ Flat Bottom FonMatiou HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Being the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, (SOLE MANUPA0TDBEK8), l-«3-tf ^pront Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y urn Either (lolden or Im- ported, by return mail. Untested, 75c ; tested, '-*'i^^^ tn^M.tM^^m.n-^-^'^fr^ SLOO I breeders, $2.00. 6-97-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca, Ark. BGst on Earth. 19 Years Without a Complaint. KrKl-Dntl FtHVd BINGHAM BeeSmoker Smoke Engine [^tnoker madej * inch etove. Doctor 31^ " Conqueror 3 " Large 2J^ " 5.OO— Plain 2 " ... 4.75— Little W'onder (wt. 10 oz) 2 •' .... 4.50— Honey Knife 6.00— For further description, 'send for circular. Dozen Eacl $13.00— mail, J1.50 . 9.00— . 6.50 1.10 1.00 90 70 60 80 T. F. Bir4GHAn» Farwell, I\ic\}\9,z,t), Nov., 1897. At Fliqt, Micl^igari. — Or\e Dollar a Year. 282 THE BEE-KEEPEha^ HEVIEW All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing liist. 1 will send the Review with — Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) .... $1.75 American Bee Journal (new) ( l.dd) 1.75 Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50)... 1.35 American Bee Keeper ( ..50) 1 .40 The Southland Queen (1.00) 1-75 Ohio Farmer ( l.UO) ... 1.75 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5ti) 1.10 Farm Poultry (1.00) .. . 1.75 Eural New Yorker . ..( 1.00). ... 1.85 Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly . ( 3.00) . . . 8.50 The ( 'entury ( 4.00) 4.50 Michigan Farmer (1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer (100) 1.75 American Agriculturist (1.00) 1.75 Ladies' Home Journal ( 1.00) 1.75 The Independent (New York).. (3.00) 3..50 Ladies' World ( 40) 1 .25 Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15 Harper's Magazine (4.0i)- .•■ 4.10 Harpers Weekly ( 4 00) 4.20 Youths' Co'ipanion (new) ('.75( ... .2.35 Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.00) 3.50 Cosmopolitan ( 1.00) 1.90 It will be notice! that in order to fecure these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and tiie Youths' Companion, the subscribers to these Journals must be NEW. If it i-i any convenience, when sending in your renewal to tlie Review, to include your renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full price must be sent. KANSAS CITY.- We quote as foUows : Fancy White 10 to 11; No. 1 white, 9 to 10; Fancy ambei 8 to 9 ; No. 1 amber, 7 to 8 ; Fancy dark, 8 : White, exiracted, 5J^ to 6; amber, 5 to 5}^ ; dark, 4}^ to 5; beeswax. 22 to 24. C. C. CLEMONS CO., Nov . 22. 521 Walnut St., Kansas Citv, Mo. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, qut)tations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," NiiO. 1 dark," etc. NEW YORK, N. Y.-We quote as foUows: Fancy white, 12 ; No. 1 white, 10 to 11 ; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1 amber, 9; fancy dark, 8 to 8^: No. 1 dark, 8; white, extracted, 5 to 5i^ ; amber, 4}^ to 5 ; dark, 4 ; beeswax, 26 to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, Oct. 20. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. (CHICAGO, 111. — Our stock of extracted and comb honey is not largo and we are in good position to give attention to consignments. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 12, No. 1 • white, 10 to 11 ; amber, 8 to 9: dark, 7 ; white ex- tracted, 5)/^ to 6 ; amber, I'i to 5 ; dark, 4 ; bees- wax, 27. S. T FISH & CO., Nov. 22, 189 So Water St , Chicauo, 111. CHICAGO, Ill.-We quote as follows: Fancy white. 11 to 12: No. 1 white. 10; Fancy amber 8 to 9; No. 1 amber, 7; Fancy dark, 7 to 8; No. 1 dark, 7; Wliiio, extracted, 5 to 6; amber 4 to 5: dark, S^ to 4; beeswax. i"6 to 27. R. A. BURNETT & CO., Nov. 22. 163 So. Water St.. (.?hicagi.. 111. CLEVELAND, OHIO. -We quote as follows: Fancy white 12 to 13. No. 1 white, 11 to 12; fancy amber 9 to 10; No. I amber 8 to 9; Fancv dark, 7 to 8; white, extracted. 6^; amber U'i; beeswax, 28. A. B. WILLIAMS & CO., Nov 22. 80 & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. BUFFALO. N. Y. -Really fancy honey moves oif well but the majority of receipts are No. 2 and 3, but we refrain from cutting and i)ushing to move readily and go slow as quoted. Ex- tracted wanted in small cans. Who iias it? Beeswax also wanted. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 10 to 11; No. 1 white. 9 to 10; Fancy amber. 8 to 9; No. 1 amber 7 to 8; fancy dark, 7 to 8 ; No. 1 dark, 7 to 8 ; white, extracted, 6 to 7 ; amber, 5 to 5J4 ; dark. 4 : beeswax, 27 to 30. BATTERSON X: CO . Nov. 22. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffal N. Y. NEW YORK, --("omb honey lias been arriv- ing rather freely. Trade the past week a little more quiet. We quote as follows: Faney white clover.conibhoney.il to 12; fair white clover, comb honey, 10 to 11; good white clover, condi honey, 9 to 10: Plenty of the latter here. Steady trade for fancy white comb honey. Buckwheat comb honey, 7 to S^; extracted honey, N. Y. State white clover, 5 to 5i^ ; buckwheat, ex- tracted, 4 to 454; Southern in demand at .50 to 52H> per gal. Beeswax, 2(5 to 27. Write us be- fore sliipping. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT it CO.. Nov. 22. W.Broadway, Franklin & Varick Sts. WM. A. SELSER, to VINE ST., PHILA., PENN. Buyer of white clover comb and extracted honey and beeswax. Send samples. rilE liKE-KEKPERS' litVIE\ 283 :© Arc not always the result of the same cause. They may come from starvation; from poor food; from improper preparations; from imperfect protection; from a cold, wet, or possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar, etc., etc. Success- ful winterin*^ comes from a proper combination of different conditions. For elear, concise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all-important points, consult "Advanced Bke Culture. " Five of its thirty-two chapters treat as many different phases of the wintering- problem. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. n Muth's :: ONEY EXTRACTOR I'KKFECTION Id-Blast Smokers Squ&re 6l2^ss Honey J&rj, Etc. For ('irc\ilarK. iii>r>ly '<> <'has. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., (Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Beo-Keepers. 1.97~tf Please mention the Reuieia. The Xo-l>riit SHIPPING CASES, wlicn crati'il for sliipiiii'iit. reach the market in that liry. clean, tiiiy comlit ion so attractive to tiujers. Not to iiHe them is penny wise and pound foidish. Write for prices. Cash paid for beeswax. M. H. HUNT, 8.'.l7-tf H»ll Branch, Mich. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholes.ile Deilers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 811. 813. bl5. bl7 Eubt 'Jth St.. New York, PItaee mention the Keulea. Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last suceeed(!d in buyiij^ all 'lie bees within 2)^ miles of my home apiary. Tliis prac- tically Rives me a clear field for brootJing pure Italian queens. 1 have liad over twenty years' experience in broedinsand experin)entinK with Italian (juoens and bees, and 1 now breed "ff)r business " frf)m my own importations. Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single storv, 8-frame, D. T. hive, |6.00; .") colonies, $27.. iO ; 10 colonies, S.")0^00;one frame nucleus, Sl.'U; two frame, $1.7.5. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and Ai>ril, one tested q'l'^ia, 2.00. Select tested queen. $•! 0(1. After May Ist, one tested (|Uei>n. $1 .5(1; I! for $4. (K); 6 for $7 .50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested (pieens as early as the season will permit of their heiii^ roared, one for gl OO; •■) for $2.25; (5 for $1 UO; 12 for $'3.75. 2-95 12 JOHN r\. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. TDCCO At Very Low Prices. I lllalH^r U rill' ;tt once for our new cat- .K,,. alM_-iir. It is PWEE. It will ^'^" irll how and when to plant ni IIJTC :ind s-'ive full particulars al)f>ut r LAIl I iS •'"' f'toc-k we grow and the 1 unit I v ,„ic.s wca-vk. ESTABUISHED iae9. ISO ACRES. THE GEORGE A. SWEET NURSERY CO. Box IK',.5. DANSVILLE. N. Y. 284 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well-known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. Stratton & Son, of New York, and taking my pay in musical merchandise. I have now on hand a tine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius, " Red, French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, German silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price $2.50 The case is wood, with curved top, varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3.50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20.00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit tliat my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell this oui fit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. tS., liONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Review. WRITE U5 Before ordering your sections and wc will give you BOTTOM PRICES on the "BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECIONS, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and other Supplies. We have everything in tip-top order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. J. FORflCI^OOK & CO., Jan 1st, 1894. Watertown, "Wis. Please mention the Review. Send for free catalogue of BEE HIVES, Improved Winter Cases, Section Shipping ('ases Comb Foundation, and everytliing used by bee- keepers. Orders filled promptly. Letters writ- ten in German will receive prompt attention. THE MINN. BEE-KEEPERS' SDPPLY MFG. CO., ( Nicollet Island Power Building ) 4-97-tf Minneapolis. Minn. Please mention the Reuieui. Hr)ake Your Own Hives JSee >' Keepeps Will save money by using- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making" their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.& JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2-96-12 HK BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 285 uu'a^u^uu^uuuuuuuuuu^uuumiu \ ^_^^vOur Prices Names of Bee - Keepers. TYPE WRITTEN. The names of my customers, and of those ask- inK for sample copies, have been saved and writ- t<»n in a book. There are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and,Hlthou;;h this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of doUars, 1 would furnish it to advertisers or others at S2.00 per thousand names. The ft)rmer price was $2..50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. Arizona 17 Ark.... 100 -Via 60 Calif. . 284 Colo 90 Canada 846 Conn . . . 126 Dak 25 Del 18 Fla 71 Ga 56 Ind 6.3S Ills POO Iowa. . 6N5 COMB Ky.... Kans . . La Mo.... Minn . . Mich Mass Md . . Miss N. Y Neb. N.J. N. H N. C. 144 226 as 500 •J70 l,:i20 196 .. 06 . 70 1.122 272 . 130 .. 95 . . . 60 New Mex 22 Oregon 60 Ohio 1,000 Penn 645 R.l 37 8. C 40 Tenn 112 Tex.... Utah... Vt Va W. Ya . Wash 30 Wis 432 225 40 160 110 118 W.Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. 1.4^ A fOOWOMION WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Working wax into foundation, for cash, a sr>ec'alty. Kednced prices during winter. My f">nndation will speak for itself, and prices are O. K Don't fail to write for catalogue con- t:ilniiig i)rices and samples. Beeswax taken in exchange for foundation up other supplies. GUS. DITTMER, 10-97 12t Augusta, Wis, the Rutiieui. r\ir)rt. Irpprovetl Wibter Ca5« ce hives, sertiinis. .'-tiiii|iini; casHH. l-^verythinu us.'d by liei' k'-cpciH. ^ I Inters filled promptly. Si-nd for •Mtalog, MINN. HEE-Ki:i;Pi;i{S' SCPPLY -MFG. CO, Nicollet Is- land, Minneapolis, Minn.. Chas. Mondeng, Mgr. Please mention the Reuiem. are worth look- f^\J\~\l I~ I H^CO ing at Wo are makingthc now Champion Chaff Hive with dovt^tailed body and supers and a full lino other Supplies, tmd wo are selling them cheap. A postal sent for a price list may save you $ $ $ $. K. H. SCHMIDT &(;0.. 4-97-12 Box 1.S7 Sheboygan, Wis. Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full line- of supijlies at regular prices. Our specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK, 62 Cortland St, N. Y. City ^'*lease mention the Review. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, has accepted a permanent position in .-Vrizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. Ho wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him ou commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Coil Wire 60 61 .Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 100 Brood Cases ( New Hoddon ) at 25 6S Covers at 15 ,53 Bottom Boards at .10 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 .30 Kscapes at 15 720 Now Heddon combs at .05 50 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at 25 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well made and nicely |)aintod, and having been in use only two or throe seasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. .Any one wishing to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon iuijuiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. A SURE WINNER. OUR SUCCESSFUL INCUBATOR will |rciv"it ifyoiiusn it. Seiiii 6c for II' w r.;H lunje ciitalot; iinri >tiiiiy the lu' ril s of uur luiichiiies. Uiis valu- ;iti '■ iiuiiitsoiiurtificiul incubation iiiiii poultry culture Kenerally. \\" manufarture a creater vari- i't> of Iniuliiitors and Brooders tlian any olhnr lirm. SIzhh .VUd HOI. I'rir.-sfrorn ^X.flO to »7fl.OO. DES MOINES INC'B. CO. Box 145 DES MOINES, low A_ Testimonials by the yard. - Please mention the Reuieu 286 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIIl. Gleanings at \ ( Rtduced Rates. \ New subscribers sending us $ 1 .00. or old sub- scribers who send us J I B?for« Tbeir Subcriptiop Expires, will receive a copy of the A B (' of Carp ('ulture. 70 pases, price 40 cents postpaid, the pages the size of Gleanings pages; or we will send, in place of the carp book, one copy of Winter C^re of Horse? &nJ n^ 1898, we will mail Prof. Cook's 4fiO - page, clotli - bound, book, rv^ rv-« " The Bee - Keepers' Guide " ( price .f l.'i.'j ) and the weekly '\^ >«\^ American Bee Journal for one year. This makes the Journal ^AjT ^V only 2.") cents — a trifle less than half a cent a number. Or if any ^V fjj one now getting the Bee Journal, and whose subscription is paid ^^ C^ to Jan. 1st, 18t)8, will send us iJll./jO with a new name, we will rJl (j^, mail the above book to the sender, and the Bee Journal one Lo Cl^^ year to the new name and address. i^^ ^\A We scarcely need tell you what the American Bee Journal >yj aic is, but if you are not acquainted with it, wri'e for a free Q^ 2») sample copy. Address ^!V I Geo. W. York S Go., 1 1 8 Mich. St., Ghicago, Ills. | ee- \eepeps' |\e\^ie(„o. A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoiqey Producers. $L00 A YEAR. W. Z. HDTCfliNSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL X. FLINT. MICHIGAN, NOV. 10, 1897. NO. II. Retrospective— Larger Hives Needed; Smoke for Arresting Swarms; Scent: Sweet Clover; Beet Sugar; etc. I,. A. ASPINWALL. m LTHOUGH the Ix bee is trans- cendently wonder- ful in her ini=tinc- tive endowments, still, by the imnaor- tality of memory, reason enables as through cur mis- takes and, failures to rtach logical conclusions and results, \v h i ch, (though not more wonderful than the work- ings of instinct); are progressive and end- less in the chain of advancement. Another season with its mistakes and conseQ lbs. more honey during each of the good years, and in the poor one needed but little additional food for winter, while that season the others had to be fed in the sum- mer. The time and length of the flow are not mentioned. A correspondent fills combs for feeding with dry sugar, then pours on warm water. The water sinks to the bottom of the cells. A bubble here and there, or an excess of sugar, is remedied with a brush. After re- maining a day the sugar is disolved, when the combs are turned over and the process repeated. B. Hueiidgen uses a foundation lubricant made of ;5 to 4 parts of the whey left in cheese-making, mixed with one part of alcohol. It makes the sheets fairly fall out of the press. A correspondent calls attention to the fact. that bees pay no attention to many flowers which have a strong perfume, and visit others which have no fragrance. He concludes that the flower-scent proper and the odor of the nectar are different, and that bees distinguish between them. For a similar reason he contends that while bees are able to bite open fruits, as shown by their gnawing of objects within the hive, they do not do so, because they are prevent- ed from perceiving the interior scent of uninjured fruit. Herr Martin reports that his wife suffered from fainting, convulsions, fever, exhaus- tion and other symptoms whenever stung, without being helped by medical attendance. On one such occasion he tried the experi- ment of administering whisky, thinking it might have the same effect that it has on snake-bites. The effect was surprising. The next time she was stung strong wine was given, being the only form of alcoho- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 291 tlieu available. The effect was Dot so inarked, but the sickuess was much less thau on previous occasions. Therefore for such cases he advises that whisky coutaiu- iug at least :{0 per cent, of alcohol be given as soon as possible. MuENciiENEU HiENKNZKiTUNG. — A Corres- pondent urges that the best way to adver- tise honey would be for an association to put a simple announcement in a weekly paper that its members have honey to sell, stating the price, together with the names and addresses of those who have honey. By so doing the public would be satisfied of the genuineness of the article, whereas an adver- tisement that loudly proclaims that " pure " honey is sold by so and so, only invites distrust. Deutsche Bienenzucht. — This is the pa- per of Pastor Gerstung, whose "organic conception of the colony " has caused so much discussion. Pastor Schoenfeld received four pieces of combs, cut from such combs of foul-broody colonies as their owner desired to melt up, instead of destroying. He found in them cells containing traces of dried foul brood, and spores on the edges of all the cells. To obtain the spores separately, some strips of comb, not including the three cells, were boiled in a small glass with distilled water. While still boiling the glass was well shak- en, in order to disengage ths spores from the melted wax, then inverted and allowed to cool. The water was then strained through a double layerof filtering paper, to remove coarser bodies, and showed count- less spores in every drop. Fresh water was then put in the glass with the wax, and the process repeated, showing almost as many spores as at first. The wax was next cut ui» fine, washed, boiled agai'i with water, and filtered while h(it. ( )u being again cut up fine and examined under the microscope, even the smallest piece proved not free from spores. He concludes that every practical man ought to destroy the w x from foul- broody colonies, and i)our all water used into a hole in the ground and cover it up; or if one will melt up such comV)S, all utensils should be thoroughly disinfected. 'J'he spores lose their vitality only after the combs are boiled half an hour, or the wax raised to a temperature of 'j;^fJ to 2l'.i F. This degree of heat, however, injures the wax. It is difficult for disinfectants to reach spores in wax. Tests of the vitality of spores in wax are best made with a nucleus colony of bees, since sure results with culturt.s are only to be obtained with all the convenien- ces of a bacteriological institute. MONTEOSE, Col. Oct. 20, 1899. ^=^^:Pr^rji-c^^A;^ years. And, come to think of it, that is the great objection to the ordinary self- spacers. The new comb foundation has got just what it deserves. The time will come when no foundation will be used in boxes, I hope. And any bee-keeper that cannot prtiduce natural comb, to be used in the sections, better go out of the business. One word about bee paralysis. At)out 12 years ago while in Fla. with my bees for the winter, there was one colony that was un- usually active, when all the others would be doing nothing. This colony was the same as other ones so far as numbers were con- 292 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV 12. . cerned, but the bees found something which they carried freely for a few days. Later this colony, and this one only, had a bad case of what is known and talked about as bee paralysis. My explanation was that it was poisonous honey. Again, last spring, I had a strong colony that gathered great quantities of honey from the apple bloom. One of my neighbors sprayed the trees while in bloom and the bees worked on the poison- ed flowers, result: a clear case of bee par alysis. In each and every case with me it is caused by the bees gathering honey from flowers that have had some poison put on them, or from flowers like the yellow jesi- mine of the South, and many other plants which are poisonous. Yet I shall expect the learned savants to be hunting for the cause for the next twenty years. South Columbia, N. Y. Nov. 10, 18!»7. [ Friend Ferris you misunderstood me somewhat in regard to self-spacing frames. I did not intend to convey the idea that I had any objection to them; the only point that I wished to make was that when a firm advocates, advertises and " pushes " some particular kind of goods, the orders for that kind of goods are quite likely to be greater than for some other kind that this same firm thinks and says is not so good, and the report of these two firms shows that this view is a correct one. The first frames that I ever used were self-spacing, and at least one-half of my apiary for more than a dozen years has been on self-spacing frames. Such frames have their advantages and disadvantages, and the same may be said of the loose, hanging frames. As I have repeatedly said, I am glad to publish views that do not accord with my own. and that is one reason why I print what friend Ferris has to say about bee paralysis being caused by poisonous honey, or from honey that has been poisoned by the spraying of fruit bloom. It is possible that bees have suffered from the consump- tion of honey made from the nectar of cer- tain plants, although this is doubtful, and there is no (luestion whatever that they have been poisoned by the spraying of fruit trees while they are in bloom, and the symptoms of such poisoning maybe somewhat sim- ilar to those or bee paralysis; but, after ad- mitting all this, the fact still remains that there have been many cases of bee paralysis where the cause could by no possibility be that of poison. — Ed. J Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HDTCHIKSON. Editor and ProDiielor. I'ERMS :— Sl.lK) a year in advauce. Twd copies $1.9U ; three for $2.70 ; five for S4.(R) ; ten or more, TT) cents each. If it is clesired to have the REViffiw stopped at the expiration of the time paid tor, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FLINT, MICHIGAN. NOV. 10. 1897. The Progressive has a new " dress " of type, and Bro. Leahy hasn't bragged about it a bit. Large Entrances for hives are being ad- vocated, and I think it is a move in the right direction. A large entrance can be con- tracted but a small one cannot be enlarged. Gleanings for Nov. l.">th is an unusually fine issue for even that tine journal. I have counted the engravings and there are fifteen, while the reading in bright and sparkling and "up to date." I am proud of Gleanings, even if it isn't my journal. Drones, that is, too many of them, are objectionable. Mr. Doolittle said, at the Bufi'alo convention, that if six combs of hatching drone brood be put into a colony at the begining of the flow from basswood, these drones will eat all of the honey that is gathered and none will be stored as surplus. " Beedom Boiled Down " is the heading of a most excellent department in the American Bee Journal. Nothing is said as to ii'/io does the "boiling;" but as E. R. Hoot says, the "ear marks are pretty plain." .\ny one who writes very much finally ac- iiuires a certain style that is (juickly recog- nized by those who read a good share of what is written in that particular style. My dear, old-time friend, you might just as well put your name at the head of that col- umn— unless you can shake off that plain familiar style. The Bee Moth's Eggs are destroyed by a zero temperature. I know that this is true, because I have many times stored away empty combs in the fall in a honey house THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 293 where there would be no tire iu the winter, and if there was severe free/.iug weather in the winter no larvjo would hatch out in those coinba so long as they were kept where the moths could not gain actei^t* to them. Combs from colonics that had died late in winter or early spring were not free from the larvie even if kept where the moths could not reach them. Do Hees Hear ? This question is often asked. At the Buffalo convention Dr. Besse said that when there was a salute fired with with cannon on the fourth of July the bees came hurrying home just as they do at the approach of a thunder storm. The suppo- sition being that they mistook the cannon- ading for thunder. Mr. E. Whitcomb said that if several combs covered with bees be put into a dark room, each comb in a place by itself, and a queen be put upon one of the combs, that all of the bees would soon be on this comb where the queen was. How else could they com- municate except by iieariug ? Possibly by scent. The ( )ntabio ( Canada ) Bee Keepers' Association will hold its annual meeting Dec. 7th. Hth and '.tth, in the County Coun- cil Chambers, at Hamilton. The St. Nich- olas Hotel will make a rate of sl.OO per day. An interesting programme has been pre- pared and all are invited to come. At the Buffalo meeting of the I'uited States Bee Keepers' Union, the Canadians present gave a special and public invitation to the bee- keepers this side of the "creek" to come over. I have been present at several of the meetings of this Association and found them well attended and the discussions good and helpful. My Bebb, 3.'* colonies, were put in the cel- lar last evening, fNov. JJ) and I think they are in the best condition that I have ever had bees when put into the cellar. I have noticed that for several years I have not varied more than three or four days from the 2<)th (jf Nov. in the time of patting my bees in the cellar, ^'esterday there was a little flurry of snow, the first of the season, and last night it froze pretty hard. It has often been said that it is not a good prac- tice to move bees and put them right into the cellar without giving them an opportu- nity for a flight after the moving. Three of my colonies were brought in from two miles out in the country and put right into the cellar. Now we will see how they win- ter comp ared with the others. «•*«*«** ^n*^ FoiiL Bkood Spokes may be found in wax made from combs containing foul brood, says Pastor Schonfeld. (Seethe last para- graph in "Notes From Foreign Bee Jour- nals. " Others, notably the late Mr. S. Corneil, have asserted that the heat employ- ed in the melting of combs and the making of it into foundation is not sufficient to destroy the spores. These men may be correct, but the stubborn fact remains that, no case of foul brood has ever developed from the use of foundation made from wax that came from foul broody combs. I be- lieve tliat Mr. Holterman has suggested that spores embedded in wax may do no harm. ii,»u»«»jr^^«rf* Swarming can be almost entirely pre- vented, even when working for comb hon- ey, by the methods given last Dec. in the Review, as those practiced by Mr. Koeppen who lives near here and manages five apia- ries all alone. This year he produced 12, (KM) pounds of comb honey and did all of the work himself except having a man help him put together some sections and scrape a tew when he made an early ship- ment— about a week's work in all. At the most there has been only two or three swarms at an apiary — not worth mentioning. He says that with young queens there is no trouble at all in preventing swarming. The bees sometimes get the start of an old queen, crowd the brood nest with honey, then get " broody," as he expressas it, and will not work, but ivill swarm. •»■»»«*» <»*R Winter Passages are not valued by Mr. Doolittle. He admits that when there comes a sharp freeze in the fall that little knots of dead bees will be found between the outside combs, but thinks they are old bees that have crawled off to die and would have died anyway. My neighbor Koeppen has just called on me and he differs from Mr. Doolittle. He never finds snch little clusters when there are winter passages, but does when there are no passages. He makes passages late in the fall after the bees have quit working and are clustered. The work is done with a flattened, bent wire. The tops of the frames are uncovered and the 294 TBE BtJE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. end of the wire passed beneath a top bar just to one side of the cluster and then thrust through the comb, then pushed on through the next one or two combs and given a twist or two and withdrawn, and the work repeated on the next three combs and so on. This can be done quickly and scarcely disturbs the bees. A Papee File is something that will be appreciated by every one who receives and wishes to preserve for reference any mag- azine or periodical. How often it happens that just the very No. wanted is mislaid, I know from unpleasant experience. On the other hand, some files have so much par- aphanalia and fussing that they cause about as much annoyance as they save. One of themost simple and effective files that I have seen is the Monitor, an advertisement of which appears on the back cover of this No. of the Review. The side-pieces are of half-round, hollow brass and are really ornamental. Now for another phase of the subject: All publishers well know that there are several little advantages accompanying the renewing of subscriptions shortly before they expire, that in consideration of such prompt renewal they could afford to give a subscriber a nice little present, and I have often tried to think of something that would be appropriate and yet not too costly, and when this file was brought to my notice I decided at once that that was Hie thing. Now then, to each subscriber who sends in his dollar for the Review for 1898 before the Ist of Jan. and says that he wishes one, will receive, free, one of these files suitable for binding the Review. I shall keep them for sale after Jan. 1st, but then they will cost 12 cts. each. An Editoe will notice editorial work on a journal similar to his own quicker than will any one else; and in this connection I wish to say that I believe no bee journal shows more careful, conscientious, editorial work than does the American Bee Journal. By this I do not mean that it contains a large amount of editorial matter, because it does not, but there is an undefinable something about a paper that tells to the practiced eye when things have Vjeen " licked into shape, " or whether they have been thrown together after the " slap dab " style. Bro. York does not claim to have had much experience as a bee-keeper, but he is bright enough to bring to his aid those who have, and I doubt if the Bee Journal was ever of much more practical value than at present. Speaking of work, I believe that Bro York does not have a large force, yet he gets out a week- ly, and I know that he must have to put in hours of work with which we monthly fel- lows have no acquaiutance. irRirm-»^-»»*,»u" Tbodble, sorrow, care and disappoint- ment come sooner or later to most of us mortals. Twice have Bro. York and his good wife had their cup of happiness dashed to the ground just as it reached their lips; twice has their home been blessed with the coming of a little girl, and each time the little one stayed only a few short hours, and then left them with empty arms and aching hearts. There may not be much comfort in the thought, but it seems to me that, if we must part with the little ones, it is better that they go before they have so entwined their lives with ours that the parting leaves a great sorrow in our hearts. Then, again, death sometimes comes in some shocking form as it did in the case of the little daugh- ter of E. B. Gladish, secretary of the Leahy Manufacturing Co., of Higginsville, Mo. She and two other little ones were climbing up on the side of a pile of lumber only four feet high, when it fell over on them and crushed the life out of this little one, broke the leg of another and injured the other severely No one knew that they were there until Mr. Leahy heard a scream and rushed to spot, but too late to prevent the sad accident. I am so sorry for you friend Gladish, but you ought to be thankful that the little girl's mother and you can be together to comfort each other. Deep troubles are hard to bear, but the one who has borne them knows exactly how to lay the hand of sympathy on the shoulder of some suffering brother. MAKING THE BOUND OF THE FAIBS. Quite a number have said "Why don't you write up your trip to the fairs ? " Per- haps it is because I have attended so many, but it has seemed to me that there is noth- ing so very interesting or instructive to tell about making exhibits at fairs. However, I will give a brief outline of the business. First there is a careful study of the pre- mium lists and a preparation of the exhibit THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 295 to fit the different lists. Then the entries are made iiud everything is packed ready for a start. An exhibition of bees and hon- ey cannot be sent by express, as the cliargcs aro so high that no protits would be left. If the exhibitor goes from one fair to another he cannot depend upon tlie railroad com- panies to get his exhibit there in time, so the only course is to go with the goods right in the freight car; then if there is a delay the exliibitor knows " where he is at, " and can apply the remedy. A car always gets througli (piicker than small shipments, as the latter are delayed at junction points. We will suppose that we are loaded and ou board the car. A space is left at one end for a bed. A large piece of oil cloth is laid down to keep the straw tick off the dirty floor, and the bed is " made up. " As we are sometimes two days and two nights on the road from one fair to another, provis- ions and water must be taken. A big piece of ice is put in the l)ottom of a box, saw- dust packed around it, and on top of it is set the two-gallon jug of water and the gallon crock of butter with sawdust packed around them. Then there are oil stoves, a lantern etc. Anything cooked on the oil- stove will have to be held on while it is cooking, otherwise it will be jiggled or jerk- ed off, but a meal gotten up under such dif- ficulties has a somewhat picuicy flavor. When it comes night we fasten the doors of the car by nailing slats on the inside so that the doors cannot be slid back, other- wise the car would be full of tramps by morning. When the conductor or brakeman comes along in the night, that is, if he is a new man that has just come on at the be- ginning of a "run," and doesn't know that we are in the car, he will be surprised at not finding the car door sealed, and he will shove ou the door, and pound it, and then say a few things, and we will pull off the slats with the hammer and open the door and evplain and show our pass, or ticket, and then nail up the door and scramble back into our bed. You may be surprised that one can sleep in a noisy "jonncy " freight car. You can't in some of them. When the car is running at a certain rate of speed, the car will jounce so as to throw you almost clear off the floor. Let the speed either increase or diminish and this jounc- ing motion is greatly modified. Some cars are easy " riders, " and in such a car it is possible to sleep pretty sound. I have gone to bed at eight o'clock and thought : "Well, of course, I can't go to sleep with all of this racket and banging going on about me, but I will probably rest me some. " I would finally find myself waking up, and, wondering what time it was, I would light a match and look at my watch. Four o'clock as sure as your'e alive ! Finally the fair ground is reached, and we must look out for a good drayman. We always try to get a large dray and one with stacks around the outside, so that we can pile on the whole outfit. It is not only cheaper, but it isn't very safe to leave part of the goods in one, place while the owner is away with the other part. When the "show " is finally all in the hall where it is to be shown there is always drawn a full breath of thankfulness and relief, and then we go and pitch our tent as near by as we can, lay the oilcloth on the ground to keep the dampness from our bed, get in our trunks of clothing, our oil stoves, lantern, and such "traps and calamities;" heat some water and take a good "scrub" all over, go out and get some supper, and finally come back and go to bed, and, oh, you don't know how we sleep! In the morning comes the work of putting up the exhibit. We may have a well de- fined plan in our mind as to how it will be arranged, but this may have to be modified by the surroundings. Then we watch the "other fellow" and see what he lias got and what he is going to do. and try and out-do him if possitile. The second day may come to an end before the final touches are put upon the exhil)it. Then comes the awarding of the premiums — the tying on of the ribl)ons. If we get our share, what be- longs to us, we are happy— if not, we try to be happy just the same. Then comes a couple of days of rest before the packing up begins. Friday night yes, sometimes Saturday night, comes before we can begin packing up, and in two days from then we must be on some fair grounds that are be- tween 2()0 and :'>00 miles away, and must go by freight. This often means night-work in packing and in loading. Everybody wants a dray at the same time, everybody is clam- moring "for a car," there is pushing and selfishness, and hurly burly, and a time when a man must be cool and patient and use all the tact that he has at his command. Finally the exhibit is loaded again, and the car billed, and, as we lie waiting for the 296 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. "bamp" that shows we are are about to be started on our long ride, there is another long breath of relief and thankfulness. What is true of one fair is true of another. It is one continual hustle and "git up and git, " from the time one leaves home until the exhibit is unloaded again at home; and the man who has not a cool head and strong body, and the faculty of "taking things by the smooth handle," better try some other way of earning his money. But to some there is in this work a fascination that, once felt, is never forgotten, and, no matter how sure they are that they will "never go again," the next year finds them on deck. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. "There is no flock, however watched and tended, but one dead lamb is there." I LITTLE while ago editor York was re- joicing in his new baby girl, and show- ing kindness and pity toward editor Hutch- inson in his bereavement; now his own lamb is dead, and his home own home is under the shadow shunned of man. One paper joyfully told her birth, and the next sadly told her death. Friend York, we would drop a tear with you — words seldom reach their mark. And last Gleanings gives Rambler's pic- ture with the suggestion that we may not have him with us many days. Before this gets into print there may be more definite news in regard to that. " Beedom Boiled Down " is the American Bee .Journal's last new department — enough like "this'ere" for exchange of civilities. Shake, brother Boiler. ! It looks as though our new first page man, L. A. Aspinwall had something in his head besides — his tongue— from what we read in the Review 2G6. Of course there will be blunders, and lots of young queens ren- dered incapable of mating flight at all: but a new manipulation has been fairly launch- ed neverless. It will do the enthusiastic be- ginner good to try it; and those not begin- ners will sometimes get to the spot where they can use it to advantage. The extreme care needed to shorten the wings just enough, and not too much, may lead to care in other desireable directions — care to re- frain from cutting off legs for example. Quite a triumph to reduce the mismating to eight per cent, in a yard where they were previously 2.5 per cent. It seems that as great an authority as Vogel gives it up that bees cannot be made to swarm at the option of their keeper. A. B. J. 679. That shouldn't be given up too quickly. It would be quite a valuable power to have in store in one's arsenal: and I hope we'll attain to it yet. Have some queen cells in wire protectors that can be carried from hive to hive (Vogel omitted the pro- tection.) and then have a tiny machine, driven by clockwork, that will imitate in sound and accent the interminable and un- endurable piping of the queen — and may be it will start 'em. Used to think that the ticking of a small nickel clock would answer as a substitute for queen piping; bat it didn't work when I tried it. Had I put in the protected cell also at the same time perhaps it would hare succeeded. At least my failure to do so shuts me off from say- ing that the thing can't be done. THE Busy Bee. The Busy Bee has now been on the hum long enough to have developed steady habits of flight — and the Bee — holders have learned what to expect of her. Mostly gathers hon- ed instead of making it — but gives due, honest credit therefor. The original mat- ter is largely editorial — an excellent and well-worn way to have things, under cer- tain conditions. Brother Abbott seems in one respect to resemble A. I. Root a little — in that whatever he feels intensely interest- ed he wants a slice of it in his paper. Thu it comes about that we get a little of farm- ing, and a little of agricultural education, and a little of home affairs, and a little of poultry, and a little of poetry, mostly in departments devoted to those things. Ex- actly the kind of paper the strict specialists shy stones at — but the most of us just laugh, and say we rather like a paper that way. Emma Abbott conducts the Home Depart- ment, which is a good one. Dadant says sweet clover is specially val- uable for Canada, on account of the late springs there. Gets knee high amazingly early, and supplies lots of green forage. Oct. B. B. 3, Boardman has been trying sweet clover the past season — turned stock on a field of i'iiii BEh-KEEPERS REVIEW. 297 it four feet hiyh, and iniiae them feed it duwu clear to the t^rouud. Win. Stolley, of CJraud Island, Nebraska, says sweet clover saved the year from be- ing a honey failure with him. Got ir)(K) pounds from :.'(! colonies, where otherwise there would have been none. He notes that his cows gain in milk when turned upon it. Oct. B. B. 17. But the editor (Oct. B. B. i;?.) is conserv- ative, and puts in many "ifs" about stock eating it, and the difficulty cf getting an even stand of it in field culture. This is the first tiiije the Busy Bee has indulged in a special number, if I mistake not. Who can break this honey record of half a pound a day ? "Tho editor of tlio Busy Beo eats honey throe times a ilay, at the rate of about fifteen pounds pernioiith, aniMie has no hesitancy in saying that honey has been one of the means of taking liini from a clironie state of invalidism." Sept. B B. I-,'. Friend .\bbott complains that he cannot often get his houey abroad, even when vis- iting bee-keepers. He protests against the general omission to practice what we preach. This opens the svay to the skeleton which is in our closet. With many if not most perso's steady consumption of honey grad- ually destroys that keen relish for it which almost all originally feel. That's what makes the bee-keepers cease to practice what they preach. My brother with whom I live, and of whom I bought the apiary, seldom touches honey now. If on the wit- ness stand I should have to confess that it does not taste to me as it did even twenty years auo. There is another corner to the matter however. I find my inclination to eat a large nuantity at a time increasing^ often eat a half a section at once, not as a relish for anything, but just as one would eat a plate of douglmuts he might come upon in the pantry. The idea prevails that it is not good form to eat honey at table, except about as muclias one might politely eat of butter. This pestilent idea rules with such an iron sceptre that few of us would dare to break over at a friend's tabic — cer- tainly not I. Where is the table in this whole laud at which houey is regarded as a thing to be sailed iuto for all one's appetite calls for, like bread or potatoes? I some- what suspect that it ought to rank with bread aud potato. Bee-keepers themselves bolster op the homeopathic style of eating by preferring to offer honey for sale in very small amounts or packages, and by the in- flated prices put upon these little morsels. It is as if butter were generally offered for sale in one ounce rolls, at five cents a roll. Let's think of the matter, whether we can- not by an all-together effort set honey where butter used to stand in ancient times ( See J udges .^):2."). ) as a food to be eaten freely aud alone. The next editorial suggests that the cross- ness or otherwise of the bees of an apiary is often a matter for which the keeper is re- sponsible. Probably correct. In fact it is very plain that a little omission of proper acts and doings gets a colony on a regular rampage — just as plain that such a colony shows a disposition to renew hostilities for some days after — and therefore it can hard- ly be doubted that enough of that sort of thing would make almost any apiary a ter- ror to all around. Ou page 14, B. B. Sept., friend Kretchmer says there is a class of bee folks who reg- ularly remit to their supply dealer 25 cts. or 50 cents less than the bill, and then slip out of evening it up. Sorry to hear it. Most of this class would not steal outright (because they never got in the habit of it) but where's the moral difference ? Emma Abbott, Aug. B. B. 12, prefers to render beeswax in ( or over ) a pan contain- ing water in a moderately heated oven. Tie the material up in thin cloth, and lay slender sticks over the pan to hold the drip- I)ing bundle up. Gasoline to clean the pan — practically impossible to rub and scrape the wax off it. I am pleased to see that C. P. Dadant ad- vises beginners to set foundation with the Parker machine. Aug. B. B. 3. For all sorts of weathers and blunderers, I don't believe there is anything equal to it — yet the majority is pretty heavy against us I reckon. Friend Dadant advises not to use founda- tion in replacing small patches of drone comb which occur in finished combs. ( )ther good authorities have advised this, if I mistake not. He would have pieces of finished worker comb grafted in. The General round-Up. It's not directly bees, but a curious leaf of man's experience in meddling with nat- ure that comes to us from the island of .Jamaica. The latest phase of the case is given in Gleaning 4H.'J. Bee men are nec- essarily naturalists, and therefore do well to keep posted as to nature's ways. 298 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVi£jW. ( Chapter 1. ) Jamaica was infested with ratf which did great damage eating the sugar cane. (Chapter 2.) An Asiatic animal of the weasel family, called the mongoose, was chosen as the most promising de- liverer; and a stock of them was brought to Jamaica. Result; perfect success — too much success in fact. ( Chapter 8. ) The mongoose having greatly multiplied, and having no more rats to eat, declined to starve, and went for pretty much every living thing. Poultry raising became nearly impossible in the isle. Little snakes and reptiles, which no one knew enough to lament over at the time, were nearly all eaten up. (Chapter 4.) The mongoose, having be- come a horde like the frogs of Egppt, or the rabbits of Australia, and having eaten pretty much everything living which could be got at, still declined to starve. He res- olutely developed vegetarianism, and ate the swjar cane he was brought to jirotect. Hated to do it do doubt, but it was that or die, and he concluded not to die. ( Chapter .5. ) Not long after the little reptiles disappeared ticks began to get ab- normally plenty. Soon they were so over- whelmingly plenty as to render life a bur- den to all who had to go into the fields and woods. ( Chapter G. ) Under the reign of ticks the mongoose's nests of young were nearly all nibbled to death and killed before they could grow up; and the mongoose from be- ing very plenty became scarce. ( Chapter 7.) The former balance of nat- ure is now reasserting itself. The ticks will soon be reduced to their normal place by little reptiles. The rat-s are reappeariny; and the people are jolly glad to see 'em. This true fable teaches that when we play against Nature we may think we have beat- en her when we have not. She just waits and laughs in her sleeve. Finally she plays some card she has hid up her sleeve, and wins the game from us at last. If anything is wanting to show that our chemists just at present are in a state of high-mixedness about the sugar, jast digest the following from Gleanings t'.)3. The chemist \V. A. Selser is the writer. " Pare honey (or nectar eitliori doos iiotcf)n- tain any cane sugar commercially speaking ; that is there is no sugar of any kind as sold in the market, that is found in pure honey ; but tliere is a very large percentage of sucrose, and sucrose is a chemical term for cane sugar but it is not the cane sugar of commerce under any circumstances. It you ask a chemist what sucrose is he will tell yon cane sugar, but also tell yon, not as you understand cane sugar of commerce, and has not the same chemical properties by any means." The fact is( it seems to me ) that the sugars are a very numerous class of bodies; and that our chemists as yet have not anywhere nearly finished the task of discriminating them. Glucose and sucrose, levulose and dextrose all signifying classes of sugars in- stead of one exact sugar — and the wise gentlemen unable to tell within a dozen how many individuals there are in a class. It used to be supposed that all substances were identical if formed of the same in- gredients in the same proportion. This is now proven to be false. The way in which the different atoms are put together counts just as strongly as a different proportion of one ingredient. This troublesome fact which cannot be got rid of, but which bor- ders on things intangible, will probably de- lay for a great many years the comjAete classification of the sugars and waxes and other carbon componds. Glennings .514 — 517 has a very able article on the granulation of honey, inclosing mat- ter from D. S. Jenkins and Oliver Foster and others. It is related that if we uncap a single cell of honey and stir it with a pin it will granulate, while the rest of the section remains all right. The general style of ex- tracted honey is to soon granulate all solid —to remain so two or three years [ some- times only a few months,] then gradually to return to the liquid state — but keeping, at least for some years, a greater or less proportion solid at the bottom. Liquefy- ing makes some difference in the after pro- gram. Also the hotter we heat it the longer it will remain liquid. Hard to get it hot enough to insure that it will "stay put" until eaten up without damaging it some. I frequently bank on the fact most customers rather prefer honey that has been a little damaged by heat, and give it a pretty good heating up before I send it out. Probably the most valuable thing in the article is its bringing out of the fact that a moderate heat continued a long time, say 48 hours, will insure a liquid condition for a longer time than will a considerably higher tem- perature only a few minutes continued. Such treatment given in a small way would be costly; but in handling honey in quanti- ties the cost per ton would not be very great. TBE BEt:-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 299 Poppleton criticises Osborn's comb cart that it ueeds to be higher, aud expose less houey at ouce to robbers, aud especially that the combs should not haug crossways aud flop together while ou the road. Gleau- iugs ")17. Eruest Koot, challeuged to find any fault with our staudard or Dadant honey pails, thinks a perfect pail should be one that would ship at ouce without waiting for tlie houey to caudy, aud wliich could not easily be opened by uaughty boys or trainmen ou the route. Gleanings .">1!). Doolittle sets new swarms at building all worker combs by coutracting their brood chamber, and giving sections at once over an excluder. Some bait sections should be among them. With a chauce to build drone comb above they are not so tierce to build it below. And especially when they build comb because the queen wauts some more comb to lay in it will be all right. He says swarms with virgin queens can bi trusted to do a good deal cf building without changing over to drone size. \'aluable fact to kept in mind under some circumstuces; but, alas, colonies with virgin queen I mostly want to put back where they came from. The next chunk of wisdom is more practical for me. Wait till the parent colony gets nicely to brooding with its young queen and then in- sert two empty frames for them to fill. Gleanings '>'2:2. Strikes me that this will sometimes result in drone comb. Ernest's conclusion about the hanging out difficulty is that giving a new hive, and making their quarters over new as much as possible — as if they had swarmed and been hived, is the best remedy. Gleanings f/Jit. ( >bservatory hive of bees exposed in a shop window as an apvertisement for your honey for sale within. Editorial. Glean- ings '>'2X The foul brood law of Michigan, which seems to have slept in disu"tude since its passage in 1'<-'^1 is published in Gleanings i'l'J'i. I for one don't like it. No permission to cure the bees or boil the fixtures is possi- ble uuder it — nothing but total destruction. It's very well to allow a commissioner to order distraction in extreme cases, but this law gives no one any option. Right mind- ed men do not wish to be law breakers: aud every one who huHcitreil a rolonyin Michigan for the last sixteen years is a law breaker. The law bids him destroy immediately upon finding the disease. KiOHABDS, Ohio. Nov. 11, is;»7. The Constitation of the United States Bee- Keepers' Union. The constitutiou of the United States Union has never appeared in the Review, and I think it is high time that the Review lays it before its readers; and, now that some changes are proposed, it is especially fitting that the constitution and the propos- ed changes be made familiar to the mem- bers. Here is the old constitution as adopt- ed at the Liucolu convention in 181)0. ARTICLE I.— Name. This organization shall be known as the United States Bee-Keepers' Union. ARTICLE II.— Objects, Its objects shall be to promote and protect the interests of its members; to defend them in their lawful rights); to enforce laws agaiust the adulteration of honey; to prose- cute dishouest houey commission-men, and to advance the pursuit of bee-culture in general. ARTICLE IIL— Membership. Sec. 1. — Any person may become a mem- ber upon the payment of a membership fee of one dollar annually to the Secretary or General Manager ou or before the first day of January of each year, except as provided in Section 8 of Article VI of this constitution. ARTICLE IV.— Officers. Sec. 1. — The officers of the Union shall be a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary and a board of Board of Directors which shall consist of a General Manager and six Directors, whose terms of office shall be for one year, or .mtil tlieir successors are elect- ed and qualified; aud the Director, aside from the General Manager, receiving the largest number of votes shall be chairman of the Board of Directors. ARTICLE V. — Election of Officers. Sec. 1. — The President, Vice-President, and Secretary shall l)e elected by ballot by a majority of the members present at each annual meeting of tlie Union, and shall con- stitute the Exective Committee. Sec. 2. — The General Manager and the Board of Directors shall be elected by ballot during the month of December of each year by a majority of the members voting; blank Postal Card ballots for this purpose, accompanied l>y a full list of the member- ship, shall be mailed to each member by the (jeueral Manager: and said ballots shall be returned to a committee of two members, who shall be appointed by the ICxecutive Committee, whose names and postoffice ad- dresses shall be sent to the (Jeneral Mnna- ger by said Executive Committee on or be- fore the ir)th of the November preceding the election. Said conunittee of two shall count the ballots and certify the result to the General Mimager during the first week in January. 300 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVijUV. ARTICLE VI.— Duties of Offioees. Sbo. 1. — President— It shall be the duty of the President to preside at the annual meet- ing of the Union; and to perform such other duties as may devolve upon the presiding oflScer. Sec. 2. — Vice President — In the absense of the President the Vice-President shall perform the duties of President. Sec. y,.— Secretary — It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep a record of the pro- ceedings of the annual meeting; to receive membership fees; to furnish the General Manager with the names and postofBce ad- dresses of those who become members at the annual meeting; to pay to the Treasurer of the Unicn all moneys left in his hands after paying the expenses of the annual meeting; and to perform such other duties as may be required of him by the Union; and he shall receive such sum for his ser- vices, not exceeding .$25, as may be granted by the Board of Directors. Seo. 4. — General Manager — The General Manager shall be Secretary of the Board of Directors, and shall keep a list of the names of members with their postoffice addresses; receive membership fees, and be Treasurer of this Union. He shall give a bond in such amount, and with such conditions as may he required and approved by the Board of Directors, for the faithful performance of his duties, and perform such other services as may be required of him by the Board of Directors, or by this constitution. Sec. r>. — At the time of sending the ballots to the members for the annual election of the Board of Directors, he shall also send to each member a statement of the financial condition of the Union, and a report of the work done by said Board of Directors. Sec. 0. — The Board of Directors shall pay the General Manager such sum for his ser- vices as said Board may deem proper, but not to exceed 20 per cent, of the receipts of the Union. Said Board shall meet at such time and place as it may decide upon. Sec. 7. — Board of Directors — The Board of Directors shall determine what course shall be taken by the Union upon any mat- ter presented to it for consideration, that does not conflict with this Constitution; and cause such extra, but equal assessments to be made on each member as may become necessary, giving the reason to members why such assessment is required; provided that not more than one assessment shall be made in any one year, and not to an amount exceeding the annual membership fee, with- out a majority vote of all the members of the Union. Seo. 8. — Any member refusing, or neg- lecting, to pay said assessment as required by the Board of Directors shall forfeit his membership, and his right to become a member of the Union for one year after said assessment becomes due. ARTICLE VII.— Funds. Seo. 1. — The funds of this Union may be used for any purpose that the Board of Directors may consider for the interest of its members, and for the advancement of the pursuit of bee-culture. ARTICLE VIII.— Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors may be filled by the Executive Committee; and any vacancy occurring in the Executive Committee shall be filled by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE IX.— Meetings. This Union shall hold annual meetings at such time and place as shall be agreed up- on by the Executive Committee, who shall give at least 00 days' notice in the bee-peri- odicals, of the time and place of meeting. ARTICLE X. — Amendments. This Constitution may be altered or a- mended by a majority vote of all the mem- bers, provided notice of said alteration or amendment has been given at a previous annual meeting. It will be seen that no change can be made unless notice of said change has been givien at a previous annual meeting. This allows plenty of time for discussion and consideration before the final vote is taken. At the Buffalo meeting the following changes were proposed by Secretary Mason. As they were unanimously approved at that meeting it is quite likely that they will be adopted. CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES EEOOMMENDED. That Article III, Section 1, be amended so as to read: " Any person who is in accord with the purpose and aim of this Union, and will work in harmony with the same, may become a member by the payment of one dollar annually to the General Manager or Secretary; and said membership shall ex- pire at the end of one year from the time of said payment, except as provided in section 8 of Article VI of this Constitution. That Article IV be so amended as to read: " Section 1. — ^^The officers of this Union shall be a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary, and a Board of Directors, which shall consist of a General manager and six Directors whose term of office shall be for three years, or until their successors are elected and qualified, except that the term of office of the two Directors having received the smallest number of votes at the time of voting for Directors in March, 18!)7, shall expire Dec. ;^1, 18!)7; and that the term of office of the two Directors having received the next largest number of votes at the said time of voting shall ►ixpire Dec. 31, 1898; and that the term of office of the two Direc- tors having received the largest number of votes at the said time of voting shall expire Dec. :?1, 1899." " Section 2. — The Board of Directors shall choose their their own chairman. " That Section 2 of Article V be amended so as to read: "The General Manager and the THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 801 two Directors to succeed the two whose term of office expires each year, shall be elected by ballot duriuy the mouth of December of each year by a mnjority vote of the members voting; and the Board of Directors shall prescribe how all votes of the members shall be takeu. " That the words " at the annual meeting, " iu Section ;! of Article VI be substituted by the words, " Whenever requested by him; to make a report at the annual meeting of the Union, and whenever requested to do so by the Board of Directors, of all moneys re- ceived and paid out by him since the last annual meeting. " That Section ."> of Article VI be amended so as to read: " At the time of sending the ballots to the members for the annual elec- tion, he shall alst) send to each member a list of the names of all members, and an itemized statment of all receipts and ex- penditures of the funds of the Union by the Board of Directors, and a report of the work done by said Board of Directors." That the words " altered or, " in Article X, be erased. A. B. Mason, Sec. The Advantages of Foundation. A Mr. Deacon of Africa has been having some rather spicy articles iu the American Bee .Journal, ai>d in one of them he con- demned comb foundation iu a sort of whole- sale way. The editor of the journal invited Mr. C. P. Dadant to reply to the Deacon, and here is what he says. " In beginning this article on a subject which interests me financially as well as theoretically, I wish to state to the readers that I write this reply to S. A. Deacon's article on page 57'.), at the special request of the editor of the American Bee Journal, otherwise it would not have been written, for I loathe to carry on what is popularly termed as ' ax-grinding. ' With this expla- nation I will take up the subject. As everybody knows, there are three main advantages claimed for the use of full sheets of foundation, viz: 1st, securing straight combs; lind, securing worker-combs; 8rd, saving the cost of the comb to the bees. Mr. Deacon makes light of the first of these advantages, holding that starters made by running molten wax along the upper bars of the frames will insure of more importance than a beginner would think, for the breaking of combs causes leakage, which in turu causes robbing among the colonies, and delays the apiarist, besides risking the safety of the colony. Mr. Deacon further takes issue with the fact that the foundation saves a great deal of expense to the bees. He says that ' care- ful experiments have conclusively demon- strated that it takes leas than six pounds of honey to make one pound of comb.' Pray, who made those varefxd experiments ? Have we had more careful and more accurate experimenters than Dumas, Milne-Edwards, and Berlepsch ? These men spent lives in making tests and experiments. Of late years, Viallon and others made experiments on combs built by swarms, but in every in- stance they failed to take into account the greater amount of honey consumed by a colony that could breed at once in built combs, as compared with the colony that had to build its combs, and this increase of population surely is of great value to the bee-keeper at the time when foundation is usually furnished — at the opening of the honey crop. All these experiments, when carefully ex- amined, show that it takes from 7 to I.') pounds of honey to produce one pound of combin the very best circumstances. Neith- er is this to be wondered at when we reflect that to produce wax the bees have to digest the honey, and it is (juite probable that there is as much difference in the (juantity of honey consumed under different circum- stances to produce wax as there is in the quantity of grain consumed by stock, under different conditions, to produce fat. The majority of practical bee-keepers in this country are evidently of that opinion, and to see the persistency with which they con- tinue to spend their money for this article (foundation) in large lots for apiaries, one would come to the conclusion that the asser- tions in favor of it cannot be altogether what Mr. Deacon soelegantly calls 'rot, ridiculous nonsense, rubbish, or ridiculously errone- ous opinions.' I do not know what expprienoe the bee- keepers of South Africa, like Mr. Deacon, have in the bee-line, hut I do know that the American bee-keeper does not usually fool- ishly throw his money away. The average 302 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVm » American is about as practical a man as can be fonud on the face of the earth. Mr. Deacon makes too many assertions that have no foundatiou, for me to take the time to answer them al'. There is too much guess in his article. He says the secretion of wax must go on in the hive, and the scales are wasted when foundation is used. This is not so. as there is always a necessity of wax for lengthening the comb and for sealing. He says the ase of foundation causes no saving in time, and he wants us to try two colonies side by side — one with starters, the other with full sheets. Why doesn't he make the test himself ? This has been tried by thousands in this country, and they have come to the conclusion that they want the foundation. That is why so many hundreds of thou'saudsof pounds are sold in America. Mr. Deacon says bee-keepers 'foolishly imagine' that the bees can draw out the foundation, and then goes on to explain that this ' silly and most unreasonable be- lief is all a mistake. Evidently, Mr. Dea- con is speaking of that which he does not know. Any little boy who has seen founda- tion put into a hive, and taken out again after the bees have worked upon it, has seen that the looks of it are changed: that is base and side walls are thinner, very per- ceptibly so, and although they do add some of their own wax, it is certain, and can- not be disproven. that they do make the greater part of the comb out of the wax that is thus furnished them. Now for the opinion of Mr. Simmins, for whom I have great regard, and whom the gentleman quotes. Mr. Simmins savs there is no advantage in sidewalls, and he finds them all scraped off. I beg pardon, but the foundation Mr. Simmins used was surely not of the proper kind, as we have never seen this, and I doubt whether a sin- gle man can be found in this country who will assert such a thing. The bees do not scrape off the sidewalls, if they can use the foundation at all, but, on the contrary, they remodel them and use the wax in them to deepen the cell, Mr. Deacon to the contrary notwithstanding. We have tried founda- tion without sidewalls at all, and it has not proven satisfactory. Mr. Deacon admits that the use of foun- dation does away with the rearing of so many drones, hut he makes light of it. And yet if foundation is properly hung in the hive so that it will not sag, the u«e of one sheet in place of drone-comb will pay for that sheet, nay, for the entire supply of that hive in one season. To conclude, I will advise Mr. Deacon, instead of ' straining at gnats and swallow- ing whole caravans of camels,' as he says, to make some thorough experiments, and stop writing until then, for it does not do him any good to try to contradict the exper- ence of thousands of his brother bee-keep- ers. " While I find little, if anything, in Mr. Dadant's article to which I would take ex- ceptions, and I do think that the assertions of Mr. Deacon are too sweeping, I must say that there are two aides to this question of the use of foundation, and upon the oppos- ite side from our Illinois friend comes a writer from California calling himself "Sage Brush" (why can't men sign their own names ? ) who has the following in the American Bee Journal. Comb Foundation— Is its Use Profitable T " I was very much interested in the arti- cle on the above subject, on page Til'd, by Mr. S. A. Deacon. Is the use of comb foundation profitable when used in large quanties? I say no. I have been experi- menting on that line, and in giving the re- sults I wish the reader to keep in view the fact that I conducted the experiments in Southern California, in a locality not par- ticularly noted for its honey-yield, but we have the sage and buckwheat on one side, and a large fruit district, in which there are plenty of gum and pepper trees, on the other side of our apiary. Our bees gather honey more or less all the year, thus making it possible to succeed better in such experi- ments than others who were in as good or better honey districts, but without the gums, peppers, and fruit trees to keep up some little flow of honey through the fall, winter and early spring. Some years ago I was asked to look over some bees for a neighbor. I found they had been allowed to swarm themselves to death, thus letting the moth get a good start. I fixed up some of them, but a few were so full of moth-worms that the owner asked me to take them, relurniug the hives and frames to him later. When I got them home I found I could not get any comb foundation, so I took a frame of brood for each from the colonies, and putting it in a new hive brushed the little colonies out of the moth-eaten hives into them, giving each from one to two frames, having nar- now starters of fonpdation. They at once commenced to build nice worker-comb. I added empty frames as needed until each had from five to six frames filled with comb and brood. I then took frames from one- half the hives to fill the other half, giving empty frames as before, until in a short time i had the lot ready for the extracting supers. I was so surprised at the result I concluded to try it further. The following winter I bought out a email apiary. About the time they commenced to breed up I went throueh them, taking out all the drone-comb from the brood chambers. Running short of worker ccmbs, I took what I needed from the most backward colonies, and filled those that were strong. That left me with a number of colonies of three frames each, fairly well filled with brood. I set these to the side of the hive, put in a board, and in a few days they needed more room. I then gave each an empty frame, and they at once commenced to build nice worker-comb, and filled it with brood as fast as built. I added frames as required until they had about six frames each of IMK BEb^-KEEFERS REVIEW, brood. I then took franieB enough from one-half to till the other half, until in a very short time I had them all ready for the su- pers, and was very much suprised to find they were the best honey-producers I had, and gave me a larger average than any in the yard. When the swarming season came ( we don't have many swarms, say from 15 to I'O from 1(K) colonies) I hived the new swarm on the old stand, and in four days I set the ex- tracting super on the new swarm, put the parent colony in another part of the yard, where I had a row of them; then I took all the frames, except three, away from them, leaving those having the most brood and a queen-cell. About the time the young queens commenced laying. I gave each an empty frame. Of course they built nice worker-comb, and did it in such a short time I soon had the extracting supers on the lot. and got two good extractings from them the same season. Then after the honey or extracting season was over, I took all the frames except three, from a numV)er of colonies, and started them in to build worker-comb, and kept it up until I had all the combs I needed. Then when I set the extracting supers back on those hives, I found them in the best con- dition of any colonies in the yard. About this time I became so confident in the success of my experiments that I ven- tured to tell it to others, but was somewhat surprised to find they could not see it in the light I did. One said: 'Xo doubt you will get nice work-comb in that way. but see what it costs I For my part. I run my bees to make money, and could not afford to have my bees build combs in the way you suggest.' Now I know this party claimed he had a better locality than mine for honey; I also knew his average yield was much less than mine, so h*» did not convince me that I was wrong. Now, along comes Mr. Deacon with hi-s very intereresting article. I feel so pleased lo know that there is at least one who thinks as I doon this subject. " Here are exactly the conditions under which I should expect that bees might build their own combs to advantage, viz., a slow flow lasting for months. It is when the honey comes in with a rush that comb foun- dation is needed to help the l>ees in furni.sh- ing storage room. Althougn it touches up- on some other points I cannot better express my ideas upon this subject than to quote a chapter from Advanced Bee Culture upon the " Use and Abuse of Foundation. " "That foundation has been a boon to bee- keepers, no one doubts: that money expend- ed in its purchase is often returned many fold is equally true, but such is not always the case. .Ml throuL'h the working season wax is being secr'-'f^'l to a greater or less extent. If not ntiHz d it is lost. Of course, bees that fill themselves full of honey and hang in clustering festoons secrete wax to a very uiuch greater extent than those engag- ed in bringing in honey. The bees of a swarm will nearly always, be found with large wax scales in the wax pockets. Hav- ing found that foundation is used at a profit in some places and at some times, the bee- keeping world seems to have decided, with almost no experiment, that bees ought never be allowed to build comb. Years ago I practiced hiving swarms on empty combs, upon foundation, and upon empty frames — empty except starters of foundation. The first swarm %va8 hived up- on comb, the second upon foundation, and the third upon starters only. This order was continued, the first year it was tried, until fifteen swarms were hived, when the use of empty combs was discontinued, as it was only too evident that they were used at a loss. I have reference here to what was used in the brood nest in hiving swarms when raising honey. The difficulty with drawn combs is just this. Before the queen will lay in old combs, the cells must be cleaned out and ' varnished ' until they shine; and long ere this, especially if there is a good flow of honey, they will be badly needed, and will be used, for storage. In other words, combs are ready for honey be- fore they are ready for eggs, and the bees fill the combs at once with honey, when, from some perversity of bee nature, work, in many instances, comes to a stand still. Having filled the body of the hive, the bees seem disinclined to make a start in the sec- tion. Where bees co'iimence storing their surplus, there they seem inclined to contin- ue to store it: ai'dlet the bees once get the start of the queen, by clogging the brood- nest with honey, and that colony becomes practically worthless for the production of comb honey. The advantages of full sheets of founda- tion over starters, or vice venta, were not so apparent, and, until the close of the season, an equal number of swarms were hived up- on foundation and starters. Enough was proved the first season to show that, so far as surplus was concerned, nothing was gain- ed by using foundation in the brood nest, except for starters, when hiving swarms. I have since continued to experiment, year after year, by hiving swarms alternately up- on foundation and upon empty combs, weighing both surplus and brood-nests at the end of the season, and the evidence has been in favor of empty frames ei^ery time. Occasionally I have hived a swarm on emp- ty combs, hut the loss has alwaiis been so great, that it seems like folly to repeat it. When full sheets of foundation are used in the brood nest, and the brood nest is so contracted that some of the liees must enter the sections, and the sections are filled with drawn comb, or partly drawn comb, the honey must from necessity be stored in the supers until the foundation can be drawn out; and even then, having commenced work in the sections, the bees will not desert them. But there is only one queen fur- nishing egcs, while hundreds of busy work- ers are pulling away with might and main 304 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEn , drawing the foundation out into comb, and the time eventually comes when there are thousands of empty cells in the brood nest. Now nature has no greater abhorrence of a vacuum than has a bee of an empty cell during a flood of honey; and although the general orders are 'up stairs with the hon- ey, ' no cells in the brood nest are left em- pty very long. Especially is this true with a deep brood-nest and yellow Italians. If a swarm is hived upon frames with starters only, the first step is, necessarily, the building of comb. Now, if a super fill- ed with drawn, or partly drawn, comb ( noi foundation ) is placed over the hive, the bees will begin storing honey in the combs at the same time that comb building ing is begun below. A queen excluder must be used to keep the queen out of the supers, then she will be ready with her etrgs the moment a few cells are partly finished in the brood nest, and, if the latter has been properly contracted, she will easily keep pace with the comb building. The result is that nearly all of the honey goes into the supers, where it is stored in the most mar- ketable shape, and the combs in the brood nest are filled almost entirely with brood. When bees are hived upon empty frames, a small brood nest is imperatively necessary, otherwise large quantities of honey will be stored therei'1, and when bees build comb to store honey, particularly if the yield is good, they usually build drone comb. They probably do this because storage can thus be secured with the least expenditure of time, labor and material. So long as the queen keeps pace with the comb builders, worker comb is usually built, but if the brood nest is so large that bees begin hatching from its center before the the bees have filled it with comb, and the queen returns to re fill the cells being vacated by the hatching bees, the comb builders are quite likely to change from worker to drone comb. No fairer questton oould be asked than: What are the advantages of this system? In reply I will say that, in the first place, the foundation is saved; but although this is a great saving, it comes about incidedtally, ns the non-use of foundation is only a means to an end, and that is the profitable securing of the greatest possible amount of honey in the most marketable shape; leaving the brood combs. I think I am safe in saying that I have had thousands of combs built under this management, and I think at least eighty per cent, of them were as perfect as it would be possible to secure by the use of foundation. A much larger percentage were perfect when I was using the Langs- troth frame, and contracted to only five frames. This made the top ofthe brood nest, where the bees commenced their combs, so small that the bees completely covered it. All of the combs were com- menced at the same time, grew all together, and were completed at about the same time. As a rule, they were as nearly perfect as possible, at least so far as straightness was cor c rned. When I came to using the new Heddon hive more extesnively, I discovered that the greater surface at the top allowed room for the starting of more combs, that the outside combs would not always be started so soon as the center ones, and this sometimes resulted in a slight bulging of the combs. Perhaps the outer comb would be a trifle thinner and used largely for storage. The comb next to it would bend out slight- ly to match the lack of thickness in the out- side comb. As the frames in the new Hed- don hive are placed nearer together than one and one-half inches (the natural dis- tance at which the bees place their combs apart) I have sometimes thought the bees, in their efforts to get the combs wider apart (one and one-half inches from center to center) bulged or built the comb of one frame slightly into the space that rightfully belonged to the adjoining comb, and then this adjoining comb must needs be built into the ppace belonging to the next comb and so on. When full sheets of foundation are used, the bees are, of course, compelled to build their combs where the foundation is placed. Sometimes drone comb would be built, even in spite of contracted brood nests. Usually this was the result of old queens. But then, we can't always have young queens, hence I can only repeat that this method gives most excellent results in the way of surplus, but cannot be depended upon to furnish perfect brood combs. So well pleased was I with this system that four years ago, 1 wrote and published a .little book in which rhis method was de- brood neat so free from honey ttiat no ex- ,*iJ.;Scribed in detail. Three thousand copies tracting is needed when the time comes for "cV wore sold, the methods advised were largely feeding suear for winter stores. Those who ;^ tried, and were freely discussed in the jour- forany reason do not wish to use sugar, Tnals, all succeeded in getting good crops of may still take advantasre of this system by i|^honey, but some failed in getting perfect IS may be l>ut^ •vest draws to|| another caseif, y with nf>»r\\''fiu putting the unfinished sections back on the hives in time for the honey to be carried down and stored in the brood nest for win ter. Or a case of brood combs may be put on over the sections as the harvest a close, instead of puttinsr on of sections. Thi'j will do away all unfinished sections and the case of filled brood combs can be given the colony at the end of th« season in place of its empty comh«. By either plan, the number of finished sections is increased. The objection to this plan is that it can-' not be depended upon to produce perfect i brood combs. Some keep watch of the .brood combs while they are being built, 'cutting out crooked or drone comb, and using it in the sections. I cannot think ' favorat)ly of such work. ^Vhtn I hive a swarm, I wish that to be the end of the matter. No opening of brood nests, and puttering with imperfect combs during the hurlv t>urly of swarming time would he de- sirable for me. But Ido think favorat)ly of a plan advi=ed by Mr. H. K. Boardman, that of contracting the brood nest when hiving a swarm, and then uniting the swarm with the parent colony at the end of the IBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 305 season. This allows the newly built combs to be sorted over and the imperfect ones cnlled out and rendered into wax. | If seeuriut; straight all-worker comb is not the greatest benefit arising from the use of foundation, it is certainly next to the greatest. The advantages of having each comb a counterpart of all others, to be able to place any comb in any hive, in short, to have eich interchangable with all the others: and to be able to control the pro- duction of drone-, to have them reared from such stock as we desire, and in such quan- ities, no more and no less, all these are advantages that cannot be ignored, even at the cost of tilling our frames with founda- tion, and securing a little less surplus. We HiKsf have straight, worker combs. If they can be secured without foundation well and good; if not, it must be used. By using weak colonies, or queen rearing nuclei, or by feeding bees in the tall, straight all- •worke" combs may be secured at a profit. Perhaps the greatest iinmeiliafe profit aris- ing from the use of foundation, is not so much in the saving of honey that would otherwise have been used in the elaboration of wax, as in the quickness with which it enables the bees to furnish storage for hon- ey. When bees are storing lioney slowly, t'le wax that they secrete, without consura- inj7 honey express'y for that pnrf>ose, prob- ab'y furnishes sutlicient material, and there is probably abundant time, for the building of comb in which to store the honey. As the flow of honey increases, the handling of larger quantities of nectar increases the natural or involuntary wax secretion; but, as the yield of honey i' creases, a point is reached when honey must be consumed ex- preaslu that wax may be secreted. It is quite likely that, at this point, foundation may be u^ed at a profit to aid the bees in famishing storage. When the yield is so great that the bees cannot secrete wax and build comb with sufficient rapidity to store all the honey that they might gather, then foundation is cert^kily us 'd at a profit, l! urthfTinore, I have seen the yield of honey so boiintifid that even foundation did not answer the purpo-.e; ttie bees could not draw it out fast enough to furnish storage for all of the honey that could have been brought in. At such times, drawn combs are needed. It will be seen th^t this (jnestion of foun- dation is one to which there may he pro- fitably given much ttiought and experimen- taMon. If the bee-keeper lives where the honev flow i* light, but. Derhaps prolonged, he ^ill find it more profitable to allow his bees to t>uild th«'irown combs. If he can't get perfect brood combs, he certainly can allow the bees to build their combs for the surplus comb honey. If honey comes in 'floods.' as it sometimes does in some localities, the man who allows his bees to build their store comb* unaided at such a time, loses dollars and dollars. If fonnda- tion is needed only for the sake of securing straight worker combs, it need not necessa- rily be heavy. A" foundation in brood frames, upon whic'i swarms are hived, should be wired in prevent sagging and breaking down." I^idney and Bladdetr Tt^oable Quickly Cured. You t^-^y Have ^ Sarpple Bottle of the Grezvt Dis- covery, Dr. Kilrper'j Sw2vrnp-Root Sent Free by A\2iil. Men and woman doctor their troubles so often without benefit, that they get dis- couraged and skeptical. Inmost such cases serious mistakes are made in doctoring and not knowing what our trouble is or what makes us sick. The unmistakable evidences of kidney trouble are pain or dull ache in the back, too frequent desire to pass water, scanty supply, scalding irritation. As kid- ney disease advances the face looks sallow or pale, eyes puffy, the feet swell and some- times the heart acts badly. Should further evidence be needed to find out the cause of sickness, then set urine aside for twenty- four hours; a sediment or settling is also convincing proof that our kidneys and blad- der need doctoring. A fact often overlook- ed, or not understood, is that women suffer as much from kidney and bladder trouble as men do. Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root is the discov- ery of the eminent physican and scientist and as such is not recommended for every- thing, but will be found jnst what is needed in cases of kidney and tiladder disorders or disorders or troubles due to weak kidneys, such as Bright's Disease, gravel or rheum- atism. The mild and extraordinary effect of this great remedy is soon realized. It stands the highest for its wonderful cures. Sold by druggists, price fifty cents and o^e dollar. So universally successful has Swamp-Root been in (luickly curing even the most distressing cases, that if you wish to Prove its wonderful merit yon may have a sample bottle and a l)Ook of valuable in- formation, both sent absolutely free by mail. Mention the Hke Keeper's Review and send your addrpss to Dr. Kilmer ife Co. Binghamton. N. Y. The fact that this liberal offer appears in this paper is a guar- antee of genuineness. Franklin House Cor Bntes and Larnci! sts Very central. Elevator Sfrviif stean> heat, ejectric liphtn. tile floon. etc. Kate8tl.5oto f2(>L'i day. 11. U jAM£.sove cut shows the "HIGGTNS- VILLE " Smoker. Fig. 2 shows the uozzle thrown back for fillinj;. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a v^ry strong draft. K^~ "The 'Hie^insvilie' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " J. M Morse. Holden. Mo. J^=" Price of smokers, 75c ; .3 for $1.80; by mail add 2.5c each for postage. Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. — If yoa wish the best, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odeli, taken in payment for ail vert ising, and he would be i)lea8Rfl to send (Ie8cri|)tive circulars or to correspondwith any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. 5 My foundation is made by a peculiar pro- J i cess ( no dipping b .ards used ) which re- ( "i suits in a superior article -one that can't ? 1 be surpassed The best goods are none too f 5 good, and the lowest prices none too low for I i these times, and 1 can furnish both, not only 5 5 in foundation but a full line of beekeepers' C i SUPPLIES. \ I .Send for a catalogue and t)e your own judge. I ' Wax wanted at 26 c cash or 29 c in trade, de- J i livered. AUGUST WEISS, 5 t 4-97-10-t Hortonville, Wis. J Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Smokers, Queen Cages, and everything needed in the apiary. Warranted Italian (pieens 75 cts, each. Two frame nucleus, with a queen, $2 60. Send for catalog. DE.INES & MINER, Ronda. N. C. — If you are going to^ BUY A BtfZZ-SAW, write to the editor of the Review. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. \i£ Page Sc Lyon ?L^ \ \ \ ; MFG CO. i N . S:1A yj^^^: New London, wis (^^^l 9i /I Nearness to pine and basswood for- ests, the possession of a saw mill and factorj equiped with the best of ma- ^S. m y St - - ik,^ 9 chinerj , and years of experience, all ^A / combine to enable this firm to fur- {_i^ nisli the beet goods at lowest prices. ^^ Send for circaiar, and see the prices C§i5 )n .1 full line of supi>lie8. 1-97-tf ©I /\ \ \ \ N \ \ . Nsss^s^s^;^^:-^^^^!^ FREE' «.y^^'^>^^@@@®@y@(^,)&@@@#@y^^^»#@^>e^@@^»oo@eyyoeeoi A copy of Successful Bee- Keeping, by W. Z. Hutchinson, © and onr 1897 catalog for a 2-ct. stamp, or a copy of the catalog for the askine. We make C) almost everything used by bie-keepers, and sell at lowest prices. Our g Falcon Polished Sections | _ © ' are warranted superior to all others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made goods when yon © (J © 3 can just as well have the BEST— such as wo make. ^ (J © O THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a .50-ct, .-Jfi-page monfldy now in its 7th © % year. Sample free. .Vddress W'. T. FALCONER Mfg. CO., Jamestown, N. Y. % THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 807 SUPPLIES BEE-KEEPERS Wc A\zvKc the Finest Line of ip the A\2irKet, zvpd sell Thero At Low Prices. Free Illustrated Catalogue and Price l-ijt. G. B. LEW15 CO., Watertown, Wi?. E. T. BBBOTT, 5t. ^o$9Pi7r f\o., 5«Ils our Hives ai7«J 5«ctioos a.t Factory Price?. Direct from Mill to Wearer, ^"^^MSi * Which Saves you 4 Big Profits. * ^^^^ The Commisson House. The Wholesaler. The Jobber and Store Keeper. E.ROSENBURGER 8cC0. 202204 E.i02nd St., NEW YORK CITY. $g.00ll$2.98 Our Great Bargain Offer BOYS' ADONIS SUITS, \>HU EXTiU I'AlR OF PAMS. These Anita are guaranued to b9 mtulo from imported Wool Chev- iot, in Black, Blue, Grey and Brown, Id sizee from 3 to 9 years of oto. M.ado up doiil>le-bre;isted, with Sailor Collar— Collar fancy embroidered — lined with fast Black Albert TwUl Sateen and l-au-nt Waist Bands. Tnniming and W orknianehip the very best. SMi rnr Bim to to 15 yean, without (re at Udt liirthday. «nd if larpeor xmall JUST THINK OF IT ! • A CUSTOM MADE TO ORDER $14. MAN'S SACK SUIT What you can save by buying direct from the manufjcturer. Guaranteed to be m.ide from All Wool, Fancy Brown, Gray, Black or Blue Tweed, made in Litest style, lined with Imported Farmer Satin, trimmed and finished in the best of Custom Tailor manner. You cannot duplicate it in your town for $14.00. Sizes J4 to 4a. The same goods made for Youths, 13 to i8,inlongP.ints, C AA Coat and Vest "-y^ How to measure men's • youth's Suits: Measure around the breast and waist over the Vest, and from crotch to heel (or Pants. When ordering, send Post-OfTice F.xpress money order or Kec^Utcred l.ellers. .Money cheerfully refunded if not satisfactory. Send ;c. stamp for samples, tape measure, measuring blanks, etc. 1221 i^.'i'i ir.^lL\ «0.75 Car<^cst Value cucr Offered. On account of the failure of one o' the largest Commission Houses here, repre- senting a Woolen Mill in Ireland, we bought last Spring the entire production of their gray and black Irish Frieze of 6,000 pieces at a sacrifice. Therefore we are able to s*ll them at the above, less than the raw material price. $10.75. never before in the history of clothing and propable never again will you have a chance to get hall such a value for your money. Above 'price is less than the new tariff duty on the material. They are made up double-breasted as per cut below, with raised seams lined throughout with extra heavy woven plaid linings, pinked facings, all pockets framed and well stayed with extra deep storm collar and throat latch. Above Ulsters are retailed at $22.00 after these are closed out we will not be able to duplicate them for double the TMS <^^_j, price on account of _ 7« m) O the new tariff duty. OlylO Measure same as ^ for a Sack Coat.giv- .^ ing length wanted. ^ also night and — weigh t. A 2c. stamp will bring you samples, catalogue, tape measure and blanks. We pay express ^ changes and should ^ you not feel sjtistit-vl •- we will refund the q money. g Remember you "* buy direct from one 1 of the largest Cloth- ing manuijcturers in America. 308 THE BEE-KEEPERS'^ REVlEVi,. f OAOANT'S FOUNDATION BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from which ail foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application, LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. CHAS. DADANT & SON, HamiltOH, IIIS. yi .^^^^^ 4-96-l2t Please menthn the Heuie- "Uit-'Pov/DtR'j^/ See That Wint ? Boo Supplies. Root's gorids at Root's prices. Poddeb's HoNKY Jars Prompt ser- vice. Low freight rates. Cnfalogfree. WALTERS. POUDER, 162 Maes Ave., lij(li;uiapolis, Ind., the only exf lusive bee supply house iu iDiliana. TALIAN QUEENS b r ed in the North are more hardy, industrious and fertile than South- ern bred queens. Send 75 cents for an untested queen; $1.<0 for a tested queen ; or 52. 00 for a breeding queen. 1-97-12 Win. PL J^RIGIIT, Mazeppa, Minn. Farm Bee - Keepino:. The only bee paper in the United St.ites ed- ited in the interests of the farmer-bee-keeper and the beginner is the Busy Bee, published by EMERSON T. ABBOTT, St. Joseph, Mo. Send for free sample copy NOW. BEESWM EXTRilGTOeS. Tlie only extractor in tlie world that will ex- tract all of the w;.x from old combs rapidly by steam. Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. G. FERRIS, 4-9G-tf South Columbia, N. Y. THE MONITOR PAPER FILE Binds securely and neatly all periodicals. Preserve your pa- pers, magazines, pamphlets, bulletins, music (Sec, by bind- ing them together as you get them. Each new number filed quickly and easily. Will bind 52 numbers of any periodical aggregating 1000 or fewer pa- ges. All lengths from 6 ta28 inches. Light and handsome. Pf^'CE,— All sizes 12 inches and under 12 cents; over 12 inches one cent per inch. When want- ed by mail add one cent for each 5 inches or fraction there- of. For sale by the Publisher of this paper. PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOOSDATION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. TMii, Flat Bottom Fofliiflatlou HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Being the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN DKUSKN & SONS, (SOLE MANUFACTUKEBS), 1-93-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y P/ease mention the Reuiew* Bsst on Earth. 13 Years Without a Complaint. Birwl-Itrifl ("(rfirf BINGHAM Bee Smoker r largest "] L smoker made J Smoke Engine [^-^^^r made J * inch stove. Doctor zy, " .... 9.00— Conqueror 3~ " &.f>^^— Large 2>^ " ... 5.00— Plain 2 " ... 4.7.') - Little Wonder (wt. 10 oz) 2 •'.... 4.50— Honey Knife 6.00— For further description, send for circular. Dozen Jiach 813.00- mail, llSiO 1.10 1.00 90 70 60 80 T. F. BiriGHAA\, Farwell, A\ichi>Zip. Tin-; BKE-KREPKRS' REVIEW. 309 .'^::^:^:^- r 10 " Bee Journals" for Only 10 cts! i Send ten cents and ,L(et ten diflferent numbers of the Weekly American Bee Journal for 1S97, five of them beini,^ the December issues, and contain the Buffalo Coiizrii/ioii Report. These ten copies will j^ive you a Kood idea of the value of the Bee Journal. You wll want it re.s^ularly after readins^^ them. Better write at once, before the Buflfalo convention numbers are all gone. Address Geo. W. York & Co., ihS Mich. St., CHICAGO, ILLS. M ^ Muth's : lONEY EXTRACTOR PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers Squzire 6I&SS Honey Jar?, Etc. For Circulars, appl.v to Cuas. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hnits to BeeKeepers. l-97-tf Please mention the Feuieiu. The Xo-Drip SHIPPING CASES, when crated for shipiiifiit, reach the market in tliat dry, clean, tidy condition so attractive to buyers. Not to use them is penny wise and pound foolish. Write tor prices. Cash paid for beeswax. M. H. HUNT, 8 !t7-tf Bell Branch, Mich. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 811. 813. S15, 817 Eai>t 9th St.. New York- Flease mention the ftevieia. Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succeeded in buying all the bees within t]/i miles of my home apiary. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty years' experience in breeding and experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and I now breed"for business" from my own importations. Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single storv, 8-frarne, D. T. hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, $27.50 ; 10 colonies, S'lO.OO; one frame nucleus, $1,00; two frame, $1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested TiPJi. 2.00. Select tested queen. $3 00. After Slay Ist, one tested queen. $1 .TO; 3 for $4. (X); 6 for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their being reared, one for$1.00; 3 for $2.25; 6 for $4 00; 12 for $tj.75. 2-95 12 JOHN A\. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury ('o., Tenn. Tppp? At Very Low Prices. I lehfen^/ N\'rit( at once for our new cat- alu-ue. It is FREE. It will tell how ans The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Hlea^' mention 'he Reuiew — If you wish the best, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odeil, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be ploasod t/i sent! descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a Miachioe. .My foundation i.s i i Cf^Ks I no dipping iiaiic hy a peculiar pro- S joards used j which re- I 5 sidts in a superior article— one that can't ^ 5 bo surpassed The best goods are none too S % good, and the lowest prices none too low for , « those tiiiios. and I can furnish both, not only i 5 in foundation but a full lino of beekeepers' t J SUPPLIES. I I Send for a catalogue and be your own judge. J i Wax wanted at 26 c cash or 29 c in trade, de- J ? liverod. AUGUST WEISS, ! I 4-97-10-t Hortonvilie, Wis. J Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Smokers, Qucpu Cages, and everyttiing needed in the apiary. Warranted Italian queens 7.T cts, each. Two frame nucleus, with a queen, $2 60. Send for catalog. DE.\NES & MINER, Ronda. N. C. — If you are going to — BlJY A BtJZZ-SAW^, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a now Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. ^i Page & Lyon -L^ ^;^\^ : MFG. CO. ; \ . ^":^; ||«©w; New London, Wis -^^^l^ i II Nearness to pine and basswood for- €y ests, the possession of a saw mill and e_ . factory equiped with the best of ma- j-j^ ' chinery, and years of experience, all €) combine to enable this firm to fur- f^' nish the beet goods at lowest prices, g 'fy-^ Send for circular, and see the prices £• ka on a full line of supplies. 1-97-tf C x rKljLi copy of Successful Bee-Keeping, ?f z. Hutduneon, ^ and our 1*97 catalog for a 2-ct. stamp, or a copy of the catalog for the asking. We make almost everything used by bee-keepers, and sell at lowest prices. Our Falcon Polished Sections are warranted superior to all others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made goods when you C ■> can just as woll have the BEST— such as w make. © ■% THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER is a .50-ct, 36-page monthly now in its 7th © \ year. Sample free. .Vddress "W. T. FALCONER Mfg. CO.. Jamestown, N. Y. £ 312 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Gleanings at Reduced Rates. ««.«^«*««'*">i^fc»iiF*«««^*^^»»»»»^i»ii»*» New subscribers sending us $1.00. or seribois wlio send us Id sub- JI B«for« Tbeir SubcriptioO Expires, will receive a copy of the A 15 (" of (^arp Cnlture, 70 pases, price 40 cents, postpaid, the pages the size of (jleaijiugs pages; or we will send, in place of the carp book, one copy of Winter Care of Horse? any, Untested, 75c: tested, r^^^.»^^«..^>**r.. $1.00; breeders, $2.00. 6-97-tf W. H. L.\WS, Lavaca, Ark. Bee - Keepers in Northern Michigan Can Save Money by Getting Their Supplies of WM. BAMBBR, of Mt. Pleasant. Send for Catalog. V. ,-^1 fOOHOftTfON WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Working wax into foundation, for cash, a specialty. Reduced prices during winter. My foundation will speak for itself, and i)rice8 are O. K Don"t fail to write for catalogue con- taining prices and samples. Betswax'aken in exchange for foundation or other supplies. GUS. DITTMER, 10-97-12t Augusta, Wis, Please mention the Reuieui, v. Tl^ie (|)ee-J\eepeps' jAev^ieCo. A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $1,00 A YEAR. W. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL X, FLINT. MICHIGAN, 'DEC, 10, 1897. NO. 12. THi; CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUL BR(K)D. Kxe.ictl\ how to Detect it: .iml Also Exactly How to yet rid of ilie Disease, R. L. TAYLOR. " Things done well, and with a care,' Exeiiii)t thems -Ives from feur,"— Shakespeare. ¥HERP: foul brood ex- ists or where its existence is siis- ]iecte(l it is of ]>rinie iiiipor- i a n c e that one have the ability to distinj^iiish it with certainty from every oth- er disease or in- jury. Siinie decree of ])ractical experi- ence of the disease will alone make one an adept in discoverini^ and identifyintj it. yet its peculiarities arc so pronounced that no one havinii ijood eyes and nose and jfivinij attention need be in any doubt in regar.l to its presence. The one crucial test is the color and consistency of the dead larvae, affected with the disease, before it dries up. At this sta.s^e the matter of the dead larvae is ahvavs viscid or ropy like mucus. There is no foul brood without this characteris- tic, and I may safely say that ^\^th this characteristic there is always foul brood. This last statement however requires ex- planation. In my experience of ten \ears with the disease I conclude that in a few vears it spends its force and loses its vitalitv in a j^ven locality, while it contiiuies to retain in _ the matter of the larvtt in a considerable degree the viscid character. In such case there is hkely to be found but few affected larvai in anv colony, ami with a little experience and care the two conditions are readily dis- tinguished, and in this way: In the weak- ened stage the dead matter is slightly less viscid but a better test is that it is /xi/cr in color. The dead matter of the larvte affected with this disease in its vigor is of the color of coffee when prepared for drinking bv the addition of a moderate amount of milk. In the weakened stage of the diseased the color is perceptibly lighter. To determine the consistency of the dead matter of larvie, insert a sliver or a straw into it and then withdraw it. If the matter pulls out in a string, adher- ing to the sliver, and is of the coffee-color described, it may be set down that foul brood is certainly present; but if it does 3U tnn ^nn-^nnvntL^' revibw. not show this decided ropiness it is just as certain that there is no foul 1)rood in that cell. I just said there is no foul brood with- out ropiness, but this must not be taken foo literalh-. That was said with refer- ence to the stage during which the mat- ter remains so/L After a few weeks the matter of each dead larva dries down and lies spread on the lower side — not the bottom — of the cell, a brownish black scale of the thickness of a man's thinnb nail. This peculiarity is of great use in making a diagnosis of the disease at some seasons of the year, as in the fall or in the spring, in the combs of a colony which has perished during the winter, as colo- nies affected w*ith foul brood are very liable to do. Soon after the breeding season is over these scales are about the only evidence of the disease that remains in a strong colony, as the cappings of the diseased cells are apt to be cleared away, but in a weak colony the discolored de- fective cappings largely remain. It seems to be beyond the power of the bees to remove these scales, so if foul brood has been present they remain to reveal it if one will take the proper coiirse to dis- cover them. This is best done in this way : Take the comb by Iflie top bar and hold it so that a gcod light falls into the cells at an angle of about 70 or 80 degrees from the top of the comb, while the sight falls upon the cells at an angle of about 45 degrees. The scales if present will be readily discovered lying as already dis- scribed reaching almost to the margin of the lower side of the cell. I consider this a ^•ery sure method of diagnosis, though in one or two cases I have seen similar scales where the death of the brood resulted from other causes. Other characteristics of the disease W'hich are useful in aiding in its discovery are the peculiar odor and the appearance of the cappings of diseased cells; such cappings, while the}^ varj- in color, are generally darker than those of healthy cells, almost always sunken or flattened, often have irregular perforations of vary- ing sizes and the comb containing much of the disease presents altogether an un- prosperous sickh- appearance. The odor is very unpleasant and may be described as an " old smell " and is well said to be like that of a poor quality of glue when heated. If a colony is badly diseased the odor is sometimes felt on raising the cov- er of the hive and generally on applying the nose to the top of the brood combs. If one handles the combs of his bees frequently and keeps the subject of foul brood on his mind, what I have already said will enable him to discover the disease very soon after its appear- ance in his apiary, but if brood combs are handled but little it is quite important, if one would insure himself in some degree against losses from the dis- ease, that a strict watch be kept on the condition, in respect to disease, of all col- onies that appear from external indica- tions to be lacking in prosperity, and es- peciall}- of colonies to which robbers seem to be attracted, for the odor of foul brood has an attraction to bees, seeming to indicate to them that the colony emitting it is about in a condition to per- mit its being robbed with impimity. And this not because colonies wanting in pros- perity are more likely to contract the disease but because this condition may be the result of disease. If the disease is once discovered to be present then it would be the part of wisdom to examine each colony carefully inider strict regii- lation against robbing. The cure of foul brood is difficult only because it is difficult to discover the dis- ease in its incipient stages in every colo- ny, and to determine ever>- colony in which are germs of disease h'ing dormant ready to develope when favorable condi- tions are present, it may be after many months. And when the disease is dis- seminated among the bees in the neigh- borhood, especially among wild bees, a final cure ma}- be the work of years, but with care, even under the worst circum- stances, it may be kept in such subjection that the injury therefrom will not be THE BEE-KEEl^ERv^' REVIEW. 31s ,ifrcal, and luidcr favoralile circiinislauccs it may he quickly exleniiiiialed. The cure of any partlcuhir colony is very simple and certain, the cautions to he ohserved havinj^ to ilo with prevent- in}4 the access of hees from healthy colo- nies to the diseased combs, since such access would almost certainly spread the disease to other colonies. To preclude this dan_s^er all the necessary operations must be performed when no bees are fly- inji, or when the pasturaj^e offers so much nectar that there is no disposition to rob. These conditions being secured, take a hive externally as nearly like the one containing the diseased colony as possi- ble, and having moved the hive with the colony to one side place the new hive furnished with foundation or starters on the old stand, then rini the bees into the new hive by shaking or driving. This is all that is necessar\- for the cure of the colony if nectar is coming in somewhat freely. If nectar is .scarce or absent, ab- sconding nuist be guarded against and feeding resorted to. Without being cer- tain that it is necessary, I advise feeding scantily for four or five days and after that as plentifully as desired. From this it will be seen that it is preferable to at- tend to the cure during a honey flow. The plan insisted on by some that the colony be shaken out into still another hive after being allowed to build comb for four days I have proved in a hundred cases without a .single failure to be en- tirely unneces.sary. I wish here to put in a word of caution against the placing of any reliante u])on drugs for curing this disease. My earli- est experience was with thirty disea.sed col- onies upon which I tried the use of drugs thoroughly. 1 rejjeated its use upon other colonies later, sometimes with ex- treme care, but with entire failure in every case. Sometimes when the disease is discov- ered in its early stages there are large amounts of healthy brood in colonies that are to be treated and the disposal of this is a problem that deserves consid- eration. vSamelinies such colonies cast swarms in the swarming season. In such case I hive the swarm on foundation or on frames with starters, always avoiding combs for that purpose. Then in three weeks I shake out the bees from the old hive according to the directions already' given. Other colonies that are fit to swarm during the swarming season but are not disposed to do so I compel to swarm, /. c. I shake out a swarm and then I treat both old hives and swarms as in case the swarms were natural ones. With weaker colonies and at other seasons this course is not always practical. Under such circumstances if there are several colonies it is sometimes convenient to shake out all but one or two and give all the brood to that one or two, which are to be treated three weeks later. If there is but one colony it ma}' sometimes be desirable to cage the queen for three weeks — but not often— ^it is gen- erally better to sacrifice the brood and give the colon}' a new start. If colonies have become greatly redu- ced in strength by the disease, as the bees are mostly aged under such circumstan- ces, it is advisable either to unite or destroy them, but in doing this extreme care is necessary to prevent the escape of any of the bees into hives containing healthy colonies. I have already intimated that the chief difliculty in effecting a final cure is the exi.stence of the disease among neighbor- ing bees especially among wild bees. The reason of this is that the spread of the disease is owing principally if not wholly to the visiting of diseased combs by bees from healthy colonies — or in other words by the robbing of diseased colo- nies, and if there is any other way of contracting the disease it is because there are other ways by which the germs of foul brood may get into hives of healthy bees. If one considers that diseased col- onies in the woods or belonging to care- less neighbors are sure in time to fall a prev to healthy colonies the serious na- ture of the difl&culty is readily apprecia- tm Bfiit-KEfip^RS' kEvimv. ted. This consideration also indicates the extreme care that should be used to pre- vent robbing in a locality where the dis- ease is known to exist as well as the care that must be given to secure from bees the combs and honey taken from dis- eased colonies. Their immediate and complete destruction b}- fire would be the safest course for many to pursue, but the honey and wax are sometimes of con- siderable value, and this extreme course need not be pursued if one is careful and has proper conveniences for disposing of the honey and comb. "When there is but little honey in the combs it is best to boil the com1)s at once and .se- cure the wax. If there is honey which it is desired to save, first cut out all parts of the comb containing brood and boil or burn them, then extract the honey which may be used for the table or Ijoiled with one or two parts of water and used as food for the bees. Boil at least fifteen minutes. The comb must then be boil- ed and the wax secured. Or if the hon- ey is only desired to feed the bees the combs, honey and all, may be boiled in just the amount of water necessary and the bee food and wax secured at the same time and with less labor and trouble. It is to be borne in mind ^that all honey from these combs is dangerous for bees iinless it is thoroughly boiled. Not a few I fear will exclaim at my intimation a little ago that foul brood could only come from foul brood germs, and begin to assert that it can come ecpi- ally well from brood that has been chilled to death. In Mrgil's time .swarms of bees were bred from the carcass of an ox ; when good Izaak "Walton lived the fish called the pike l)red from pike weed; lately chess grew from wheat and now foul brood grows from something else. ^\'ell, bees, and fish, and chess, have fioTV come to increase normally- and if foul brood has not yet, it very soon will. No, it it still true that men do not gath- er grapes of thorns nor figs of thistles. Lai'KKR Mich. Nov. 17, 1897. THE PLAIN SECTION. It Costs Less; Secures More Perfect Coiiib, and May be Cleaned h\ Machinery. I,. A. A.SPINWAI.r.. ■ " Th' invention all admir'd, and each how he To be th' inventor mies'd; so eaBy it seem'd. " MILTON. ¥HEN c o m b honey con- trolled the mar- ket, as contra.sted with the converse coneing required instead of five for the old style of sections, a saving of 20 per cent. I tlesignate the two kinds of sections as the plain and old .style, terms which we use here in Jackson. It may also be well to note in this connection, that the plain section al.so makes a nuich nicer package and the wrapping paper is less liable to break while being tied. I will state, parenthetically, that the plain section also admits of the most per- fect and rapid work in cleaning by ma- chinery— that not only every vestige of propolis is removed, but also the stain, if care is exercised — in fact the sections appear absohitely fietL' and bright, which gives added beauty to the honey, thus increasing its market value. As to the machine and its work I \\-ill speak more fully hereinafter. The transcendent point of excellence, however, is the beauty and attractiveness of the finished product in such sections when filled between properly constructed separators, and super sides. My honey has thus far commanded the highest price, and is sold exclusively by the best and most reliable grocers here in Jackson — one house having already spoken for the sale of it another season to the e.x- clusion of all others, notwithstanding, hone}' has been sold by farmer bee keep- ers at ruinous prices; but. being produced without separators the sections are more or less bulged, and lack the snowy white- ness which characterizes clover honey when removed as soon as well fill- ed and sealed. Of course the sections being ••machine cleaned" has added nuich to the attractiveness of my honey. In adopting the plain section, addition- al expense nnist be incurred by procuring a good super and sejiarators. However, the saving in cost of sections and ship- ping cases annually, to say nothing of the increased value of the i)roduct. will in a vear or two largely if not wholly compen- sate for the additional outlay. I am a believer in tin separators. They are durable and can be readily cleaned of 318 THE BEE-KEEPERvS' REVIEW. propolis by dipping them in hot water. B}' reference to the accompanying ilhis- trations a plan of the separator is sho\\ n in its relation to the sections and super sides. The first illustration shows a plan-view of the separator in position upon the frame I use, which gives a di- hold up the sections. They are shown more clearly in illustration 2. as also are shown the super sides, vS. S. By refer- ence to illustration 3., channels, c. c, may be seen which correspond with open- ings o. o. in the .separators. These are very important inj^securing well filled ILU'STRATION NO. I. rect line of travel to the sections. The letters s. s. represent the sections; vSep. the separator, o. o. o. openings which serve as passage-ways for the bees latter- ally from section to section. About ^ space is allowed above the separator and 3-16 below. The greater tendency to lengthen cells at the bottom neces.sitates less space for trave Ithan above, m. m. m. m. represent metal projections 's of an inch in heighth. t. is a vertical strip of S.S'~\, -^ -^ I. sections on the outside row. The super sides are also beveled at the top and bot- tom, affording openings corresponding in width with those between the sections, and are quite necessary to secure well filled supers. The super is also expansive; thirty-six sections being the maxinmm number I use, which are secured by bolts and thumb-screws t. h. Using as I do an elastic hive necessitates a super of similar construction, the advantages of which IM,r.STK.\TlON xo. 2. tin covering the oj^ening at the end. The metal projections are cast tipon the tin in an iron mould, rough holes being first punched through the tin to anchor them. The metal projections on the low- er edge are provided with flanges f . f . , to can only be appreciated by tlio.se who have used them. With a super affording access to the sec- tions from ever)' direction, not only are they better filled during a good honev yield, but also during a moderate flow THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 319 accompanied by cool weather. I have had under the latter circumstances six or eitijht sections well-tilled at the center, while the foinidation in the adjoining ones was scarcely touched. A thorough- ly open super allows the cluster to main- tain a nonnal elastic condition favorable to the most economical storage of honey. Most bee keepers of ex])erience have no- arator rather chea])er than the one herein descri])ed. Aside from the details of construction there is nothing new in the separator I use. I have, however, adapted it to the plain section l)y using metal projections. The super as a whole I con.sider far in advance of anything that has come tmder my observation. The sides affording II.I.rSTK.VTiOX NO. ticed how, towards the clo.se of a honey vield, the bees prefer to lengthen cells in the brood chamber rather than extend the comb, which is unfavoral)le to maintain- ing their straightness. This tendency, however, favors the completion of a few- sections under the circumstances above mentioned, and by the use of separators the len!.fthening of cells, naturally pro- ducing bulged combs, is prevented. The .same arrangement of super siiles and separators can be adapted to the T super if desirable. By using galvanized rivets and washers made expressly for an eighth of an inch projection on each side when riveted in place, will afford a sep- access to the sections from every ])oint, more than compensates for the addi- tional cost. It is exceptionally conven- ient both for fdling and emptying. It also occujnes but little space when not in use. I have between seventy -five and a hundred, together with separators and bolts, occupying the small space of about 4 ft. .square. Referring again to the section cleaner, although still in the experimental .stage, I consider il indispensal)le in these days of close competition. The work is ])er- fect as regards the section edges, which are cleaned instantly and made to appear new, adding very much to the appear- 320 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. aiice of the honey. The surfaces arc a little slower when considera1)ly coated with propolis, otherwise a sin^t^le move- ment across the roll is sufficient to make them white and clean. Althouf^h no difficulty has been experienced in hold- ing the sections, I shall construct a rest operator to"^occupy the most favorable position relative to the cleaning roll. The machine is easilv worked and its ca- pacity about twice thai of hand work. The increasing of its capacity is yet to be developed. Jackson, Mich. Nov. 26, 1S97. .\ M.\CHINK KOR CLK.\NING SKCTIOX.S. ^vhich possibly, for novices, will l)e se- curity against any breakage of the sec- tions or comb. Thus far I have had no breakage whatever. The accompanying illustration furnishes a general view of its construction . It is secured to the floor by screws. Eor additional security and steadiness I also screw a bracket from the top to one side of my honey room, which is ceiled with boards. The machine is worked bv the right foot, enaljling the BRIGHT Vl'LLOW HF.KSW A.\. The .Materials and Mctlioil^ Pr()(hictiini. L'sL'd ]:])WAKi:) OCH.SNIvR. nrinC editor of the Re\iew has requested T- me to tell its readers how I manage to secure such bright, yellow beeswax that for two vears in succession it h;'..s TTIK BEE-KERrERS" REVIEW. 3i2t been awank'd first jire'iniuiii al our Stale Fair. TIk' tnalerial for .sudi wax comes only from white comb, capping.s ami ])urr combs, and these are always kept sepa- rate from the old, dark brood combs. To render the wax I he:it a boiler half fnll of water, then put in the cappings and burr combs until the boiler is three- fourths fnll, and keep a slow fire until all the wax is di.solved, when the boiler is set ofT. Just before the wax is too cool it is dipped oflF, care beinj^ taken to get no water, and strained throuj^h cheese cloth into tin or earthern ue.ssels that have been moi.stened with honey or water. Pr.\trik nr Sac, Wis. Nov. 30, 1S97. r.RTTIXr. RID OK KOLL HROOI). Hitw tti do ii Wiiiimii Drills. Sliakint; offtiic Bees, or am loss of Their Work. M. M. H.A.M)KIDr,K. "Diseases, desperate grown, By desperate appliance are reliev'd, Or not at n\l."— SHAKESPEARE. 1 .\M jMJsitive i that I know how ti> <.(et rid of foul-brood in my own apiary and I see no reason why others cannot do likewise. I think my ])lan is so very simple and prac- tical that any bee- kee])er, thouj.ih a novice, can ado])t it, anliis a year, marry he would make quite a little fortune on their size and beauty. The queen of this extra vellow bee is not yellow at all. A])is Indica he found the standard bee in Borneo. They are somewhat smaller than our bees. In Ceylon he found them rather cro.ss; but in Borneo smoke was not needed to handle them. In l)()th places they would fiy, queens and all, while their hive was beinj< manipulated — a trick we should not like at all. On the whole there don't seem to be anything; for us to fancy. Say, let us be thankful for the bees we have. Doolittle scrapes sections with a honey crate bv his side to put in each section as soon as it is clean. .-V. B. J. 530. Don't believe tliat is the best way. Not favora- ble to thorough assorting. .\ grown up boy, who '" wants to know, \ou know. " asks the Canadian foul brood ins])ector McEvoy what are the svmptoms in the ca.se of the man made -.ick by eating foul broody honey. Mc. admits that he cannot tell — pretty good evidence that the cases of sick- ness from that cause have so far been few. .\. B. J. 5.iO- When reading of the Dadant's remark- able success in avoiding swarms we nat- urallv wonder sometimes whether their localitv does not have more to do with it than their system. In A. B. J. 533 John Ilamnion deposes ihat he kept four col- onies within a stone's throw of their apiar\-, and he got nine swarms and not a pound of surplus. I'ertilizalion in confinement was up again in the question box of A. B. J. 540. Not much new li.ght; but M. Mahin had seen two cases where queens incajxible of flight became fertile somehow. Did you ever see the like of lliis wax- extractor of Dr. Miller's, as per .\. B. J. 550 ? Old dripping pan with a hole in one corner. Whole part of the pan slid in- to the stove oven, the holy end projecting, and dripping wax into a dish set on the floor, '■() there's beauty all around When there's—" a mild disposition among the women folks at home. .\t how low a temperature may we manipulate eggs and larvae destined to raise queens? This query is up in the question box A. B. J. 555. Doolittle's Ijook advised not less than 85°. The majority of the respondents think this unnecessarily conser\-ative. Quite likely if a larva were herself actually lowered below 85°, as to her fingers and toes, and everything except her "blessed little heart," she might suffer somewhat from " idflued/.a"" or .something. But manip- ulation when the air is at 70° does not necessarily compel such chilling. With her toes in wann royal jelly, and her back up against a warm plate of wax, she'll not get cold enough to hurt her, if the o])erator watches out as well as he can. Of course with the surrounding air up toward the nineties one could leave things exposed more freely. Would not a warmed ho.v to keep all things in not actuallv under the hand be less awkward than a warm room .sometimes? Or would one half the boys vary the regimen un- favorablv bv getting the box roasting hot? B. V. Lewis, .\. B. J.,565 has a new way to fa.sten his veil. Cuts a piece of clock spring just long enough to go around his neck, and lets it clasp the veil down tight. Some may fail to .see how this is better than the very jjrevalent old way of tuck- ing the veil under the colkr. 330 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW One of our very best authorities on migratory bee keeping is A. F. Brown of Florida. He contributes a very meaty article to A. B. J. 705. If I get the cor- rect idea his bee keeping is wholly migra- tory— three or four locations every year. Most of his moves are for distances of from 50 to 150 miles. The number of colonies involved are from 150 to 250. He prefers the railroads to water transporta- tion, notv,dthstanding the latter disturbs the bees so much less, because they get there and done with it so much quicker. Prime point is to get the bees released at the earliest possible moment. He finds three days bumping and racket on a rail car does less harm than six days quiet confinement on a barge. Three or four days can be endured in the very hottest weather, if they are prepared to the best advantage— that is to say, with superabun- dant ventilation, and room to cluster away from the combs if they w^ant to. Wagon transportation does well for 25 miles and under. As might be expected his success at first was not complete. First bad loss- es were from the unsealed brood dying. Two combs filled with ziw/.;'/* (of which the\- will hold about two quarts) mended that. What he considers effective venti- lation is a three inch rim bearing a wire screen on the top— and another such rim on the bottom. And effective fastening is a suitable length of lath nailed to each corner. Hoffman frame. Extracting su- pers and frames may be on, but not sec- tions, as they would get stained, .\void having newly set foundation within, as it will get pulled loose. Over 250 colonies can be carried on a car — inch strips nail- ed on bottom to let air under, and ven- tilators and doors all open. If possible get a cattle car. that air may come in on all sides. Order and neatness can Ije had to some extent in a migratory apiary, but he admits that his usually looks as if the hives had been .shot into place b\- a can- non. Thinks the migratory man has no business with comb honey, but should confine him.self to extracted. Richards, Ohio. Dec. 7, 1S97. SELLING HOXEV DIRECT TO GROCERS. Also how to Boom its Sale in a Grocery Store. GradiiiiH l»y Piiotoiiraphy. •' Bat times are alter'd; trade's unfeeling train Usurp the land, and dispossess the swain." GOLDSMITH. As soon as we have a good crop of hon- ey the selling of it becomes the greatest factor in the problem, and Gleanings for Dec. I, has two most excellent articles upon this particular part of the problem. - The first article is by Mr. A. B. Weed, a brother of Mr. p:. B. Weed of fleep-cell foundation fame, and treats of a novel method of selling large quan- tities of honey at retail from a grocery store, and is nothing less than making an exhibit, not only of his honey but of bees in obser\'atory hives, showing an extract- or and other implements, and explain- ing their uses to the crowd that is cer- tain to gather. If the crowd is a little slow in buying, .strips of stiff paper are cur^^ed into something like spoons and the vi.si- tors invited to sample the honey. Mr. Weed made the experiment at Akron, a city of 40,000 inhabitants, about twenty miles from Medina, and in a week's time had sold at retail nearly all of the moun- tain sage honey that Mr. Root had on hand, besides nearly all of their odds and ends. I have not a particle of doubt that large quantities of honey could be sold in this way. This article treats of the retailing of honey, and the one following it takes up the subject of selling direct to grocers instead of .sending honey to connnission men. It is written in a most interest- style l>y Mr. S. A. Niver of Groton. N. Y. I have not room to copy the whole of it, but give the last half of it. " Our localitv is about 300 miles from New York, with a dozen ^ or more cities and towns between . What nonsense and waste to send our honey to the big city, ])av freight, drayage, connnissions, ex- change stealings' (?) drmnniers' wages and expenses, to come half way back and sell that same honey to the grocer!— more THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 331 drayaj^e, freight, etc., and the consumer must foot all these bills. On the other hand, the retail yjocer .seUloni buys more than five or ten cases, and it is more trouble to take care of so many customers than the one connnission man. The ex- pense of goinir over the route with sam- ple case is considerable, and bad debts are nearly always in evidence; but by sellintj some of onr neij^hbors' honey (this year I sold for six a])iaries), and di- vidini,^ the expense, it brinv^'s it down to reasonable limits. The next question was, ' How shall we pack, j^ade, and advertise to best please our prospective victim, the grocer?" Morton and I were partners in the retail- grocery business for .several years, and that experience heli)ed us to some points, one of the mo.st provoking of which is the ea.se and certainty with which a clerk will punch a big hole in one nice .section with the shaqj corner of the one he is trying to put back in the case. Can't we fix .some- thing, some way, so that he can not do that? Sure! Slip veneers (or sliced separators ) between the rows of sections in the shipping-case — they are good for nothing else, and cost but little ( and have proved a drawing card with our customers). Always have new, neat shi]i- ing-cases with the non-drip cleats in the bottom, /0u'. as soiiio may have combs of candied lioney on hand that they wonld be lemjited to melt up this winter did they not possess the knuwledjfe contained in the above ex- tract. STRAir.HT COMBS. How 111 Secure Them WitliiMii iMUMulation. "That which is crooked cannot be made etraigh*: and that which is wanting cannot be iinmbered."— 6'fiif. Last month tlie Review had considera- ble to sav about the use and non-use of comb foundation, the securinjj of strai,s;^ht and all-worker comb, etc., and now that this topic is up we may as well keep it up until all is said that can be said profitably, and it seems to me that the followini^ article from the pen of Mr. Uoolittle, and published in the American Bee-Keeper, will follow alonjf very nicely after what appeared last month. " A correspondent wishes me to tell the readers of the American Bee Keeper, how straij^ht combs can be secured without usinjf full sheets of foundation in the brood frames, how to avoid the buildin*' of too much dn>ne comb, where only starters are used in the frames, and how often he should look after his bees; so I will }ii\e a sort of a ramblinjj talk alont^ these lines, as in my younj Litllc Talkinji. ".\8 market days are vrearing late. An' folk begin to tak the gate:"— BURNS. Many producers of honey still have on hand a good share of their crops, and, as prices are none to high in the wholesale markets of the city, would be glad to sell direct to consumers near home if they only knew how to go at it in exacth- the right way. Peddling is something that the majority of people dislike. I will admit that I am none too fond of it my- self, but when I read in Gleanings of the manner in which Dan White of Ohio goes at it, and the success he makes, it really made me feel just as though I would like to go out and try it. It is the best plan I have ever heard of, and here it is. " I told you in my last article that 1 had about 7,000 pounds of extracted hon- ev, and expected to sell every pound of it near home, and promised to report la- ter on how I got along, so I will tell you about my experience in new territory. You see, I must reach out further than ever before, so I decided to try a place 20 miles away — a place of about 5,o Colony Contain Germs, Does all of the Honey in a 35 Foul Brood Spores Harmless in Wax 293 Foul Brood, Does Dead Brood aid in the De- velopment of 289 Foul Brood Caused by the Bee Space(?j 210 Follow my LeadT 234 Fruit Growers' Union ! . . 129 Frames, Self-spacing 291 Fuel for Smokeis P8 Praise. Genuine • 128 Prosecuting Adulterators. Old Union Opposed to 151 Protecting an Apiary from Tliieves by an Electrical Alarm 158 Prevention of Swarming, the 293 Pridgen's Catalogue, W. H IKl Purity of Bees Determined by Their Markings, 182 .Queen Mating Cage 182 Queen Cells by the Wliolesale 159 Queenv may be Controlled, How the Mating of 7, 231 Queens Fighting 208 Queens Ready for the Market, Keeping Lay- ing .... 1 28 Queens not Desirable, Large 246 Queens, Introducing . ..183 Kauid filling of Sections '206 Robbing .Stopped by Using Carbolic Acid 264 Salt in the Apiary. Value of 131, 182 Separators, Styles of 9t» Self-spacing Frames 291 Sections Finished, A Simple Method of (Jet- ting Outside. ... 132 Sections. (letting Colonies at Work in ... .243 Sections, the Weight of Empty 182 Sections, Rapid Filling of 206 Sections, Starting Bees to Work in 2it) Sections without Bee Spaces 267 Sections. Width of 96 Sections. Light Weight 44 Section and Its Advantages, the Plain 3)6 Selling Honey Direct to Consumers 244, 334 Selling Honey Near Home at Good Prices, 233 Shipping Comb Honey .. 272 Shipping Cases of the No Drip Style 211 Shading Bees by Fruit Trees 264 Sheep for Keeping down (irassin the .Vpiary, 209 Smokers, Simietliing .Vbout 42 Smoke for .Vrrestiug Swarms 287 Solar Wax Extractor for Ev-iporating Fruit, 126 Spring Management, .Vbridged Methods in . . 93 Specialty in Bee-Keeping 265 Storing Honey Where it is Warm 234 Starting Bees to Work in Sections 210 Straight Combs, how to Secure 333 THE IJEE-KEKPKRS' REVII-W. 337 Stoves in the Boe Cellar, Oil 182 Sugar Honey, Some Editors' Ideas on 45 Su«ar, Boet 287 Smnmor Management, Items in ]7.i Suiumer Management, PrJKciples of lOi Swarms, ("ont rolling -^W Swarmiufi. l-'actors Intliipnoin« 146 Swarming;, ilie Prevention of 293 Sweet Clover 126, 2S7 Syrian Bees Tit Ta rill' Needed on Honey 264 Temperature, Low . .■. ' M.littl*'. G. M 246, 24-3,274, Ferris, C. (i 1.54, Flanagan. E. T Ford. T. S 1. (ietaz Adrian Hamilton, Jas Hasty. E. E., 15, 71, 99. 1.54, 186. 214. 239. 268, : lled(ion. Jas Hoshal. E. A. Hutchins in, H. L .Jones, H.l Kinvon Irving , Petiit. 8. T l{.M,t,E K, 44.4.5.1.58, 213,272, S:ilisl>iiry. F. A S.-hattle E. H SncU. F. A Staclielhansen, L Inylor. B. L : 5, 6:1.91, rhompson. F L.. 10, 6m. 94, 12:1, 179, 207, 201, Leahy, K. B Loucks, F. H Lnndy. Isaac . . . Mason. .\. B. . . . Miller. C.C. .. McEvcy. Wm McKnigid R. .. Newman, T. (i. Niver. S. A... . Walker. Earl C. Weed. E. B 64. .89. 151. 1.S5, 131. 133, 131 33 i ti6 263 289 245 121 272 206 45 ,96 301 3:« •291 VXi 11 242 67 296, 46 KM 1.58 160 . 42 132 275 103 46 .45 2'8 313 290 151 2:« 148 2()5 151 189 17H 179 •tJO 273 Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington nieeting, and, so far ag possible, quotations are made according to tiiese rules: F.\NCY.— All sections to bo well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to he classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," M, o. 1 dark," etc. KANSAS CITY.— Wo quote as follows: Fancy White 10 to 11; No. 1 white. 9 to 10; Fancy am hex 8 to 9 ; No. 1 amber, 7 to 8 ; Fancy dark, 8; White, exiracted, 5»^ to 6; amber, 5 to o}^ ; dark, 4J4 to 5 ; beeswax. 22 to 24. C.C. ('LEMONS CO., Nov. 22. 521 Walnut St., Kansas Cit\ . Mo. CHICAtiO. III.— We quote as follows: Fancy white, 11 to 12: No. 1 white. 10; Fancy amber 8 to 9; No. 1 amber, 7; Fancy dark, 7 to 8; No, 1 dark. 7; White, extracted, 5 to ti ; amber 4 to 5; dark, 3>t to i; beeswax. i'O to Ti. R.A.BURNETT A CO., Nov. 22. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, HI. CLEVELAND. OHIO. -Wo quote as follows: Fancy white 12 to 13, No. 1 white, 11 to 12; fancy amber 9 to 10; No. 1 amber S to 9: Fancy dark, 7 to 8; white, extracted, 6}^; amber 5'4; beeswax, 28. A. B. WILLIAMS* CO.. Nov 22. 80 & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, O. NEW YORK. N. Y.-We d vii\der 12 cetits; over 12 inches owe cent per inch. V\ hen wiint- ed bv mail add one cent for each'5 inches or fractioi\ there- of. Forsalebythe Publisher of this paper. PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOOHDATION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. lliiii. Flat Mtoin FoniiMioii HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. HeinK the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN UKIISKN & SONS, (SOLE MANUFA0TUREB8), 1-W-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. ('o.,N.Y Please mention the Keuiew. Best on Earth. 19 Years Without a Complaint, f largest i.emuker madej Smoke En^'ine Doctor 'TT ''.. .3^ ronqueror 3 4 inch stove. Dozen Ejich .Sia.OO-mail. $1.")0 Lirce 2Mb Plain 2 r>ittle Wonder (wt. 10 oz) 2 Honey Knife «>.0O- For further description, send forcircnlar. fl.OO— 6..V>- 5.00— 4.7.i- 4..'iO— 1.10 1.00 90 70 60 SO T. F. BinGHAA\, F^rw^ll, A\icbi^ap. 340 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ^/2^/^T-| /^Y1 O I ^^'^ '"^^"^ millions of them ^^^^^ UX V/ -Lxv3 • yearly; workmanship, smoothness and finish can't be better. The basswood throws rij^ht here. If you want some good Shipping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of Bee Supplies on hand. Our catalogue and price list will be out in a short time. Marshfield Mfc. Co., j^««"«eM- O :" Wis. mmmmm Good Queens Of the Golden Type can he Furnished the Coming Year by W. H. Pridgen, of Creek, N. C. Write for Catalogue. HiGGINSVILLE. Mo. Sept. 1, 1897. Mr. W. H. Pridgen. (reek. N. (". Dear Sir:— The uniested queen you sent to us proved to be h first class " live band- ed queen." All of her bees show 5 bands, are large, gentle and good honey g.itlierprs. Yours truly, LE.\HY M'F'G. CO. Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full lino of snpplies at regular prices. Our specialty is Cook's Complete liive. J. H. M COOK. 62 Cortland St., N. Y. City •''lease mention the Re.uleui. Camera for Sale. By the way of a '"dicker" J have come into possession of a most excellent .5x8 camera and the accompanying outfit, that I would like to sell The iollowing is a list of the articles and what they cost when new. (■amera and Lens $25.00 Tripod 3.00 Plate holders (three at $1.50). 4.50 PheumatiJ Shutter 4.50 Focusing Cloth 35 Develor>ing Tray 75 Inside Kit for making 4x5's ...25 The following books: Pictorial Effect in Photography $1..50 Photographic Instructor 1.50 Pictuie Making by Photography 1 00 Total $4235 Everything is in strictly first class condition, just exactly as good as new, but I got the outfit at a bargain, and am willing to s"]! it -it the same, if I can get it into cash. [$20.C0 will buy the entire outfit. I have useU llie instru- ment enough to know that it will do excellent work— io fact, I will send a sample of the work to anyone who really wishes to buy. W. Z IICTCHINSON. Fi.int. Mich. Removal of the Wauzeka vSectioii Co. Prairie duCuien. Crawford Co., Wis , Sept. 7, 1897. To Our Patrons: — Finding our shipping facilities were not what lliey ought to jjo at Wauzeka, we have moved our machinery and stock here, only a short distance, where wehave two railroads, the (', B. and N. and the C.. M. it St. P,. and the Mississippi river. This enables us to get the lowest rates to all I)oints. We now have a much larger plant, having added more inachinerv which has about doubled We have a lino lot of Bas-wood lumber, which we shall work up this fall and winter, and will be in first class shape to fiil orders on short notice. We are still in the Bnsswood timber and can get our lumber right from the iog which makes the bo■^t sections to be had. The timber is tough and the corners do not break as easily as those made from Basswood lumber. Send for price list and sample section free. Thanking oar patron.s for past favorsand hoping for a continuance of the same, we remain, Fraternally yours. The Uiie-Piece Section Co., f--"'"- <"• <^"^^ DEC, 1897. At Fliqt, Micl^igaq. — Oqo Dollar a Year. ADVEHTISI^IC t^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times. 25 per cent ; 12 times, 3o per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. iO percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per c^r.t; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times. 50 per cent. Clubbing Ltist. 1 will send the Review with— Gleanincs, (newi ($1.00) .... §1.75 American Bee Journal (new) ( l.l") 1.75 Canadian Hce Journal ( 1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) ... . 1 ;}5 American Bee Keeper ( ..50) 1.10 Tlie Sonthl.md Queen (1.00) 175 Oaio F-rmer ( l.OOl ... 175 Farm J'.urnal (Phila.) ( .5^ ) 1.10 Farm P..ultry ( l.OO) ...1.75 Raial New Y-irker ..( l.IKi). ... 1.8.'> Fr nk licslic's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00).. . h.50 The Centnrv ( 4.0(1) 4.50 Michigan Farnu-r ( l-OO) 1.65 Prairie Farmer (100) 1.75 American Asriciiltun'st ( 1 ''0) 175 Ladies' Homo Jour-ml (1.00) 1.75 Thf»Iii 1-t.en.l- t (New York).. (3.00) 3.50 Jjadi. h' World ( 4't) 1.25 Country (funilewan ( 2..5(l) 3. 1 5 Harper s Mng'zine (4.0). ... 4.'0 llarpers Weekly (4 (HO 4.20 Youths' (.Jrv paniiin (new) ( .7"h ... . 2 :{■> Scribuer's Magazine ( 3.0ii) 3 50 Cosmopo itan (1.00) 1.90 Ir will b> n >tic3 I _ t|i ir in order to (ecnre Ihepe ratfson (ilfanings. American Bee Jour- nal and the Ynut s' Comptjiio.. thesuliscribers to these Journals must he NEW. If it i' any convenience, when Rf>nding in your renewal to the Rpvicw, to include yo'ir renewal to any of these Journals, you can do so, but the full price must be sent. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at t^e Review. A SURE WINNER. OUR SUCCESSFUL INCUDATPR will prove it if you use it. S«ua 6c for new 126 pai^e catalog and study the muriis of our macbines. Has valu- ablK points onartificial in:;ubation •aii'i piiultry culture generally. We matiufacture a greater vari- fit\ of lucubators and Brooders than any other firm. Sizes BOto 800. Pri cos from J8.00 to i'O.Oa DES MOjMES INC'B. CO. Box 146 DES MOINES, IOWA. i Names of Bee - Keepers, i ia TYPE WRITTEN. G The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and, although this List has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at 82.00 per thousand names. Tlie former price was §2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at S2.0O. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. Arizona 17 Ark.... 100 Ala >-0 ("alif. . 284 Colo. . .. 90 Canada Hi6 (■onn... lit) Dak i'5 Del 18 Fla ....71 Ga 50 Jnd 638 Ills...... Wi Iowa. . &H6 Ky... Kans . L.I.... Mo... Minn. Mich. 144 22(> as .50ii 270 1,3*0 Mass.. 19<> Md 00 Miss.. . 7i) N. Y.. 1.122 Neb.... 27iJ N J.... IHO N. H.... 95 N. C. ... GO New Mex 22 Oregon 6'i Ohio l.OtK) Penn 645 K.l 37 H. C 40 Tenn 112 Tex 225 Utah 40 Vt ItiO Va 110 W. Va 118 Wash 30 Wis 432 \V. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brocksvillo, Ohio, hasaccoDted a permanent position in -Arizona, and wishes lo dispose of his apiarian fixtures. lie wrote to mo about it, and I told him if he wouhl have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of lli-^ articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Coil Wire 60 01 Seet'on Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 6^ Covers at 15 51 Bottom Boards at W r>{ Honey Boards, Queon excluding at 15 3 I Escapes at ... 15 5 1 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior ) at 25 A'l 'if the above are in my po8Pe,«8iou and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cnses are well made and nicely painteil, and havin»; been in use only two or three seasons are practically as gfKjd as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Anyone wishing to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particuhiro upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. SUPPLIES BEE-KEEPERS We A\2iK« the Fipest Line of ip the A\2vrKet, and sell Tbern At Low Prices. Free liiujtrzvtecl Catz^logue and Price L-ijt. G. B. LEWI5 CO., Wz^tertowo, Wi?. E T. BBBOTT, 5t Jos9pb» V^o., 5«"s our Hives &n ^'iits ai-e gt^a'avwd to t9 muile Crjin imported Wool Chev- i'lt, iu bi.ick. Blue, lirey and bt\iwu, in sizes from S to 9 years of ajre. M.idj up douhle bieasied, with Sailor Collar— Collar fancy enibroideri'd — liiird «ith fut-t Bi.uk All>ert Twill Bateon and Pat«- 't Vai.'st Iiand". Trimming; aiiJ W orkmanship the very bt-st. 6(m t^r ar<-< 10 lo H jr»n, wltbuoC at at lull birihilay. «d<1 if Urpf nr ,niiill * JJST THIMK OF IT : * A CUSTOM MADE TO ORDER $14.00 MAN'S SACK SUIT What you can savf hy buying dire>.t from Ihe inanuf,ii:lu:er GiMrantrrd lo be injde froTi All Wool, Kancy brown. Gray. BUck or Itlue Tweet, made in latest siy'e, lined with Imp rtrd I-armer Satin, (rimmed and finiihed i i t'le best of '".u^Tom Tai'or m.inner N'cii cannot .luplicate il in your town for $14.00. ^izes )4 e measure, measuring hlanli. ?99 I IRISH FRIEZE I Cin 7-'i ^"- I MEN S ULSTEPsI OlU./J earnest Value cucr Offered. On account of the failure of one o' Ih' largest Commission Houses here, repre- senting a Woolen Mill in Ireland, we bought last Spring the entire production ol tlieir gray and black Irish Frieze of 6.0C0 pieces at a sj^rifice. Therefore we are able ;o s, II ihcm at ihe above, less than the raw material price. $10 75, never before in the history of cl- thing and propable never Birain will you have a cliance to pet h»lf such a value for your money Above price is less than the new t.i iff duty on the material They are made up double-breasted as per cut below, with raised seams lined througho.t with extra heavy woven plaid linings, pinked lacings all pockets framed and well stayed with extra de;'P storm collar and throat l.iioh. Above Ulsters are retailed at $22 00 alter these are closed out we will not be able to duplicate them for double the price on account of the new t.nrifT duty. Measure same as for a Sack Coat, giv- ^ ing length wanted, ^ .1 1 so night and — weight. _ A ;c. stamp will bring you samples, catalogue, t.ipe inrasure and blanks. We pay express .g changes and should ^ you not feel satisfied •- we will refund the q money. ^ Remember you "" buy direct from one / of the Ijrgest Cloth- I mg manufacturers in America. mi Advanced Bee Culture IS a book of nearly 100 pages ( the size of the Re- view ) that I wrote and published in 1891 ; and I will tell you how I ^fathered the information that it contains. For 15 years I was a practical bee - keeper, producing- tons of both comb and extracted honey; rearing and selling thousands of queens, reading all of the bee books and journals, attending conventions and fairs, visiting bee - keepers, etc., etc. Then I began publishing the Review, and, for several j-ears, each issue was devoted to the discussion of some special topic ; the best bee-keepers of the country giving their views and experience. Advanced Bep: Culture is reall}" the summing up of these first few j-ears of spe- cial ^:^^c numbers of the Review ; that is, from a most careful examination of the views of the most progres- sive men, and a thorough consideration of the same in the light of my experience as a bee -keeper, I have de- scribed in plain and simple language what I believe to be the most advanced methods of managing an apiary, for profit^ from the beginning of the season through the entire year. The book is illustrated, nicely print- ed, and neatly bound in thick, heavy paper of such a color and so printed that it resembles a sheet of queen- excluding zinc. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Re- view one year and the book for only $1.25. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. 3j ■fnm '(■:i' ,i' r;'i;l''y;::).«y j^tviii)i:':=:^^''^;:'^;i^v »!ii »:rl P;''';'^('!' Vt X .r "V!