* UMASS/AMHERST *

312066 0333 2761 3

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z. HDTCHiNSON. Editor and Proprietof,

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, JAN. 10, 1904. NO. 1

ONEY IN THE API-
ARY. SPRING
MANAGE MENT
AND STARTING
OUT APIARIES.
BY E. D. TOWN-
SEND.

I have one apiary
that I saw only three
times last summer, j'et I secured near-
ly all of the honey that the location
supplied. While I would prefer to
visit a yard once a week, either for
extracted or comb honey production,
the articles I shall write will be in-
tended for those who have several
apiaries, and wish to learn practical,
profitable methods that will enable
them to manage their bees with only a
few visits each year. We will begin
with

SPRING MANAGEMENT.

My advice will be somewhat of a
negative nature — what noi to do.
With me, spring management is all
done in the fall. My extracting col-
onies are either in chaff hives, or else
packed in chaff^acking- cases. I see

that each colony has 25 or 30 pounds
of good honey. When spring comes
they are in the best possible condi-
tion for breeding up, and there is
simply nothing more to do until in
June, when they are unpacked and
upper stories put on.

TREATMENT OF WEAK COLONIES.

Weak colonies are treated exactly
the same as strong ones. Years ago,
when I had a single apiary, I thought
it necessary to unite the weak colon-
ies, or put each on one or two combs,
with a division board upon one side,
but experience has proved that it is
all useless work — they come through
exactly as well when left to them-
selves. The reason is hard to explain,
but it is true, nevertheless. My spring
management does away entirely with
all stimulative feeding, spreading of
the brood, or any disturbance of the
brood or bees during April and May.
Just leave the quilts sealed down,
with a covering of four inches of nice,
warm chaff, and the bees will do the
rest. I imagine some one saying that
with his system of spreading the
brood he can increase his yield from
10 to 15 per cent. This shows that his
location is not properly stocked. Add

1904-05-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

a few more colonies, and the results
will be the same.

METHODS MUST BE ADAPTED TO
HIRED HELP.

Any system of working- out-apiaries
must be so simple that hired help,
with a moderate amount of experience,
can readily understand and put in
practice all of the necessary manip-
ulations for the production of a crop
of honey.

MOVING BEES TO AN OUT-YARD.

May is the month in which we try
to g-et all our moving- done. At this
season of the year nearly all of the
old bees have dropped off and the
young bees are not so numerous as
they will be later. The honey is also
g-etting low, thus leaving the colonies
the lightest of any time of the year.
Select a cool time (we usually get
more than we need at this season of
the year), and nail screens over the
strong colonies; the moderate and
weak ones will go all right with the
covers on. Of course, you will nail a
strip of wood over the entrance. I
prefer a flat rack to move bees on;
something like a hay-rack. Mine is
seven feet wide and seventeen feet long,
with a seat in front built in such a
manner that it does not take up any
room from the rack. I use bolster
springs that will hold up 4,000 pounds,
and put springs and rack on a low-
wheeled wagon so the wheels can
turn under the rack. With this rig
50 colonies can be moved at one load
without decking up; or 40 of the chaff-
packed hives can be taken at a load.
A few years ago I thought I had to do
my moving in the night, but, of late,
I have found that it could be done as
well, or better, in the daytime.

HAVE A CAUTION — HAVE A CARE!

We will now suppose you are loaded
and ready to start. See that you have
a hammer and some nails of different

sizes, as well as some rags and cotton
batting to stop any leaks that may
occur. Of course, you will have your
smoker in good order, ready to use
with the first signs of bees getting out.
After you have driven a fourth of a
mile, if a few get out they usually do
no harm; they just make a few circles
to mark their location and are left be-
hind. Still, I would rather none of
them would not get out.

IN CASE OF ACCIDENT,

Instruct your teamster to take the
team off as quickly as possible, while
you use the smoke on the bees.

Arriving at your destination, do not
leave the bees standing in the sun, but
make it your first business, after un-
hitching the team, to unload. After
the bees are set on their stands (previ-
ously prepared) the next thing to do
is to open the entrances and put on
the covers. The screens can be re-
moved at your leisure.

SELECTING THE LOCATION.

My bees are all on rented ground.
I select the location, and then try to
find some well-sheltered spot; and, as
there is to be no watching for swarms,
I prefer to have the bees quite a dis-
tance from any house, where there is
not likely to be much team-work near.

PAINTING HIVES IN THE SPRING.

I do all my own painting of hives
during the spring months. Do not
think of painting during cold weather;
it will not be satisfactory. Select a
good brand of pure prepared white
paint for outside use. If you have not
had quite a lot of experience, you will
do much better with the ready-mixed
paints than to try to mix it yourself.

We are now near the honey season ;
and in my next I will explain my
method of putting on upper stories,
extracting, and handling the crop of
honey.

Remus, Mich., Dec. 7, 1903.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

v3

^

OISTURE AND VEN-
TILATION IN BEE
HIVES AND CEL-
LARS. BY C. F.

SMITH.

Friend Hutchinson —
I am induced, by two
reasons, to comply
with your request to
write on the above subject.

1st. Fromthe standpoint of my exper-
ience during- the past four years, I can
see that the bee-l<;eeping public in gen-
eral has a wrong- impression. 2nd.
That, in my opinion, very little ad-
vance in wintering problems has been
made in the past twenty years. As
there were ten or twelve years that I
did not read the bee papers, it is pos-
sible that others have touched upon the
points I shall make; but, judging from
the "handwriting on the wall," they
did not; or, if they did, they failed to
make the desired impression.

UPWARD VENTILATION, ABSORBENTS
AND SEALED COVERS.

Twenty years ago the bee-keeping
public in general admitted that bees
in winter required one of two things —
either an absorbent, or else direct, up-
ward ventilation. There were great
controversies pro and con, but the pref-
erence of bee-keepers generallj% favor-
ed absorbents. About this time some
new and improved hives were invented
and placed on the market which did
not readily admit of absorbents; then
' it became necessary to invent a new
theory on ventilation to go with the
new hives. Then it was, tliat the
hermetically sealed hive idea was
sprung upon the public. This falla-
cious idea catne near sealing the doom
of many an apiarist; among them one
of the progenitors of the idea, who lost
335 colonies out of 400. Then he wrote

a book and called it Success in Bee
Culture, in fullfilment of a promise to
"write a book upon bee-culture when
the wintering problem had been solved."
It also came near sealing my doom, for
I accepted the new idea along with the
"New Hive, " (which, by the way, is
the best hive yet invented.)

bees don't stop holes and cracks
in their hives, through which

THEY CAN pass.

These men discovered that the bees
painted the interior of their homes, and
stopped up all the little cracks, and so
they jumped at the conclusion that bees
wanted neither absorbents nor upward
ventilation. But do they? Did any
one ever know bees to stop up a hole or
crack in the top of their hive, through
which they could readily pass? Many
of my hives, through faulty workman-
sliip, have ]4 inch holes, and some %
inch cracks, in their upper corners,
yet, in ten years time, the bees have
made no effort to stop them up. I ad-
mit that they stop up their honey-
boards, but only where it is a tight
squeeze to get through.

IN THE consumption OF HONEY, WHAT
BECOMES OF THE MOISTURE?

If bees in a cellar consume from 4
pounds (Doolittle) to 20 pounds (Bing-
ham) in proportion to the distress they
are in), what becomes of all the watery
portion? If the great lights were to
winter their bees in a country where
they have winter all the year round,
except four or five months, when the
sleighing is not very good and the
flowers are in bloom, they would soon
have to find out what became of it, or
go out of the business.

Do bees, combs, and the hive-interi-
or, get wet, stinking, rotten and dis-
eased from the "cold damp cellar" or
from their own mositure? Do the
sock and foot in the rubber-boot get
wet from the water of the melting snow

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

or from the moisture of the foot? When
would it suffer most from the moisture,
on a cold day or a warm one? Is there
as much moisture in a cool cellar, with
water under foot, as there is in a hot
kitchen with water on the stove? Had-
n't we better read up a little on ph3's-
ics? Is there much difference practi-
cally? Is not a moist atmosphere all
right any way? Don't physiolog'ists
advocate it, and advise us to keep a
pan of water on the stove of our living
room? Which is the more healthful,
sleeping in the dry atmosphere of a
stove-heated room, or in a clean earth
cellar? In such a dry room, or in a
bed room where no fire has been, and
where the window is open and the cool,
damp, foggy air is pouring in?
Couldn't a man sleep out in a big rain
in health and comfort with only a big
umbrella that would shed all the rain?
In a Rip Van Winkle, six months'
sleep, where would a man keep the
drier, in a warm dry cellar under a
rubber sheet, or in a cool damp cellar
in a gunny sack? Where are we at?
Am I theorizing too much? Would you
rather have experience? I want to
impress upon you the fact that the
little difference in the amount of moist-
ure between "dry" and "damp" cel-
lars cuts no figure at all.

IT IS THE MOISTURE FROM THE BEES
THAT CAUSES THE TROUBLE.

All writers at hand put great stress
on dry cellars. Mr. Bingham not only
cements the walls and floors to keep
out the dreaded moisture, but strongly
urges that we build our walls as early
in spring as possible so the moisture
will be all out of the walls too. Now,
Mr. Bingham, as you had all kinds of
fun with Mr. Barber, in the April Re-
view, over the fresh air breezes in the
cellar, let us have some sport at my
expense, if you choose, or at yours, if
you don't. You place a tub of water
in your house-cellar. Over this tub
set a stand of bees (weak or strong,
honey or no honey). Leave the bottom-

board out-doors so the moisture from
the tub may have ingress, and leave
the top-board oft' that it and the moist-
ure from the bees may have easy exit.
Throw an3^ old thread-bare gunnysack
over the frames to keep the bees out of
your whiskers. If they have no sealed
honey, give them a spoonful or two
once a week of honey or syrup, thick
or thin. Never mind the bee-bread,
if they are weak they will want it.
If they die, or are diseased, or combs
are mouldy, yes, if the bees are not in
in perfect health, and combs as clean
in the spring as they were in the fall,
or if they consume more than a pound
of feed per month, draw on me for all
expenses and damages and I will
promptly honor the draft. Of course,
if there is water in your cellar most of
the winter, as there is in mine, you
can dispense with the tub. You can
put them in any time; say, October 25,
and put them out when willows bloom,
if the weather is nice, if not, leave
them till fruit-bloom. Keep the cellar
clean and well aired and there will be
no roaring, because the bees are per-
fectly contented and happy. Take a
bright light and see them often; it
breaks the monotony, but not their rest.
If you have to feed them weekly, they
will soon look for you and appreciate
your coming. Keep the temperature
at from 40 to 60 degrees.

Why will they winter so well, and
eat so little and be so contented and
happy? Because they have perfect and
absolute control of the heat and moist-
ure situation. Of the heat by cluster-
ing loosely or compactly together-. Of
the moisture — well, they won't know
there is any, and without an instrument
man could not. In any event, it will
not be trickling down on their backs
the whole live-long winter — an endless
torment.

GIVE THE MOISTURE A CHANCE
TO PASS OFF.

In his chapter on wintering, see how
close Heddon came to it when he shov-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ed those nails under a few covers! —
said when he raised the cover up the
water ran off. Why didn't the mois-
ture pass out? Because the current was
too slow; it condensed on the top-board
as soon as it came in contact. An il-
lustration of the same thing' I showed
you, Mr. Editor, in my yard Nov. 5,
when I raised atig-ht, flat cover (paint-
ed on both sides) that was up about
>8 of an inch at one end. Remember
how the water ran off, and the weather
was dry? A week before that, the
cover was down tight, and when I rais-
ed it, the water ran off in a stream
and I wrung a pint of water from the
burlap on the frames. Under tig'ht
covers, this distressing condition goes
on continually throug'h the fall, winter
and spring.

THE HIVE COVER OF THE FUTURE.

I have eight kinds of covers. The
tightest and closest one, the one that
keeps the bees the wettest and most
miserable, is the flat, reversible. The
coming hive-cover will have no paint,
will shed all rain and sun, yet will
not warp, will need no shade and will
not rot. It can be ventilated at will,
go half waj' in preventing swarming,
will last 25 years, and cost ten cents
K. D. or fifteen cents K. U. But we
haven't space for hives and covers; be-
sides I am digressing. As indicated
at the outset, I am practicing this
method of wintering for the fourth year.
Bees are in a wet cellar and I haven't
lost a colony or had a mouldy comb.
I am well aware of the opposition to top
ventilation. In their last edition the
Roots advocate a dry cellar "no top
ventilation" and "covers should be
sealed down with propolis to make the
top air tight." Sixty-two colonies are
now in my cellar without a single top,
and some of them without bottoms.
Ten chaff hives are included in this lot,
their covers being unhinged and left
out-doors, while twelve chaff hives are
left out in the usual way. They winter
cleaner and better in the cellar.

To an accident, is due my practice
in wintering. A cover was moved half
off one of the hives four years ago,
when they were put in the cellar. The
condition of that one, in the spring, was
perfect, while all the rest were wet,
mouldy, diseased and half dead. Then
I took a tumble. During the summer a
minister came my way, and while "he
supped with me and I with him" he
told me that a man near Grand Rap-
ids wintered his bees in the cellar
with no covers except one or two
thicknesses of burlap, and then I was
born again.

Cheboygan, Mich., Nov. 18., 1903.

t^ t^ t^

ANAGING ELEVEN
APIARIES WITH
ONLY ONE HELP-
ER. BY E. F. AT-
WATER.

fi^* ft^* e^^

This locality, owing
to its poor and uncer-
tain flows, is not very
well adapted to the ex-
tensive production of
comb honey, and for this and other
reasons, I produce mostly extracted
honey; running only three or four yards,
all, or in part, for comb-honey.

As there is no bee pasturage in or
near Boise, my yards are all out-yards,
located from 6)4 to 18 miles from home.
The bees are wintered either upon
their summer stands, where a wind-
break is available, or in light open
sheds, facing south, with two tiers of
hives in each shed. The sheds keep
the hives dry and protect them from
the prevailing winds.

No packing of any kind is necessary
or desirable here, as, owing to the
mild climate, bees winter very well in
boxes made even of thin lumber, and
perhaps full of large cracks.

10

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

All colonies must have an abundance
of stores and a large force of bees, for
the frequent flights during the winter,
with large consumption of stores, will
usually result in the loss of all weak
colonies, such as may be wintered suc-
cessfully in the cellar farther east.

LARGE BROOD-NESTS NEEDED
IN SPRING.

The bees are mostly in ten-frame and
eight-frame L. hives, and, of the two,
there is no doubt that the ten-frame is
the better, for the production of extracted
honey in this locality. However, I se-
cure the same results with the small
hives, but at somewliat greater labor
and expense. Even the ten-frame hive
is too small for a spring brood-nest;
and I am not sure that the ten-frame
Draper Barn is large enough. AVe
usually have some honey coming in
during the spring breeding period,
and, when the colonies have been bred
up so as to need more room, I add a
shallow case of worl^er combs, putting
it 071 top.

As both the eight-frame and ten-
frame hives are liable to be short of .
stores, I am wintering more and more
of them in one and one-half story hives
wliich saves considerable work in the
spring. I have been asked why I do
not winter in two-storj' hives, and so
avoid the use of the shallow frames.
I have done so, but, as the bees start
their spring brood-nest in the upper
story, the lower story too often be-
comes a grand storehouse for pollen,
and the bees do not seem to extend
their brood downward, as readily as
upward, into a shallow case receiving
the heat from below.

When wintered in one and one-half
story hives they readily extend their
brood-nests down into the full depth
combs below, owing to the shallowness
of the upper case. I an not sure that
the full depth combs are as rapidly or
readily handled by the case as the
shallow combs.

EXPERIENCE WITH MANY HIVES.

After a thorough trial, either in my
own apiaries, or in yards which I have
handled on sliares, of the eight-, ten- and
eleven-frame L. hives, the eight-frame
Heddon, the ten-frame Draper Barn, a
nine-frame hive about seven inches
deep, and a hive containing fourteen
frames slightly larger than the old
American frame, I have found the
following principles to apply in my
practice for extracting.

HIVES MUST TIER UP.

No hive is worthy of consideration
wliich will not tier up to advantage
with either the eight-, or the ten-frame
L. hive, and of the two, the ten-frame
is the better.

HANGING FRAMES BEST FOR PRO-
DUCING EXTRACTED HONEY

No hive is suited to the economical
production of extracted honey which
contains closed-end frames of the
Quinby, Bingham, Heddon, or Danzy
t3'pes, as none of them can well be
used with the frames spaced wider in
the supers than in the brood chambers.
We cannot afford to use the same spac-
ing in the supers, owing- to the ridicu-
lously thin combs after uncapping, the
larger number of combs required to
hold a given amount of honey, and the
resultant increased cost of handling.

While an entire case of Heddon or
Danzy combs can be inverted easily,
and the case lifted off, returning the
frames to the cases, after extracting,
is slow work.

The proof of the folly of using closed-
end frames for extracting supers, is
found in the fact that no extensive pro-
ducer of extracted honey is using them.

I have used many Hoffman frames
but do not yet know if I like them.
Loose, hanging frames suit me very
well. I have just ordered 200 ten-
frame, shallow, extracting supers with
loose hanging frames; hanging on cas-
ing nails, as mentioned in the Novem-
ber Review. All my hanging frames

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

11

have staples driven in the end bars,
near the lower ends, and projecting- %
inch. This is a Cogfg-shall kink of
real value, for, as W. W. Somerford
says, with these "you can ram frames
in or out without killing bees between
the ends of the hive and the frames. "

HANGING FRAMES ON CASING NAILS
IS SATISFACTORY.

I know that the principle of hanging
frames on casing nails will be satis-
factory, as I have handled such frjimes
in the apiaries of Mr. Thos. Chantry,
formerly of South Dakota. Mr. Geo.
E. Dudley, of this State, also uses them,
and credits the idea to the late B.
Taylor, of Minnesota.

These supers will cost only a trifle
more than the freight alone on similar
goods from the East.

But, to return, about April 1st, all
the bees are set on their summer stands,
plain rims of 1x4 fencing, large enough
to hold two colonies side by side.

About May 10th, another trip is
made, shallow cases added to the
colonies that need more room, and a
little equalizing done.

Again about June IsttolOth, accord-
ing to the season, the yards are again
visited and enough supers put on each
colony t<j hold all the first crop, ordin-
arily. If anj' colony seems crowded
below, some brood is raised up into
one of the extracting supers.

Plain zinc excluders are used on all
colonies from this time until the close
of the season.

NO THOUGHT OF SWARMING.

As the colonies have an abundance
of room at all times, there is no thought
of swarming, save in the very few
colonies which supersede their queens
during the first flow. During the
second crop, no matter how heavj' or
how light, there is no swarming, even
from colonies supersedeing their queens
or from crowded comb honey colonies.

If the hrst crop of alfalfa blooms and
yields nectar, the honey is extracted

after the close of the flow, early in July.

Our extracting outfit consists of one
horse, a light spring wagon for carry-
ing tent, two-frame Cowan extractor,
uncappingtubs and Daisy springwheel-
barrow. The two-frame extractor is
very handy to carry around, but its
capacity is so limited that I shall buy
a larger machine.

I have had but one helper, who ex-
tracts and fills cans while I uncap and
bring in the honey. H. D. Burrell once
said in the Review that "any boy with
a non-reversible, two-frame machine
could extract as fast as one man could
uncap the combs." I have never been
able to hire a ^iian who could extract
with a two-frame reversible machine
much faster than I could bring in the
combs and uncap them myself, and I
am a feather weight if there ever was
one. However, I use but few of those
thin, wafer-like, Heddon combs, which
Mr. Burrell seems to prefer, and that
makes a big difl'erence.

The problem with us is to extract
the honey from all the yards before
the opening of the second flow. We
have never made any large record,
900 pounds in one afternoon being the
largest, while I notice that N. E.
France reports over a ton in the same
time, with a four-frame Cowan ma-
chine. However, our honey is very
thick and gummy and difficult to ex-
tract, so we can hardly hope to equal
Eastern records.

can't use BEE-ESCAPES.

I use the Coggshall plan of flopping
the quilt and smoking, and, by so do-
ing, most of the shallow supers are re-
moved without shaking or brushing
individual combs. Some of the deep
supers are removed the same way, but
most of the deep frames have to be
shaken and brushed. Bee-escapes are
entirely out of the question, for when
our honey is cold it cannot be extracted.

The second flow from alfalfa may
begin, (if at all) late in July or early

12

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

in Aug-ust. At the close of the second
flow the honey is again extracted.

The supers are stacked up out-doors,
and are soon cleaned up by the bees.
At some convenient time in October,
November, or December, the bees are
ag-ain put in vsrinter quarters, and the
season's active, out-door work is done.

In addition to the work mentioned
above, we sometimes make one or two
more visits to some of the yards when
we desire to have a larg-e number of
frames of foundation (full sheets)
drawn out.

I am working- toward the four-visit-a
year system of Mr. E. D. Townsend,
although, as my yards are so near
home, it is not so necessary, but none
the less desirable, to reduce the num-
ber of visits.

And, in closing, let me say, that to
those who believe in the saving gospel
of "more bees," that article by Mr. E.
D. Townsend was the most valuable,
by far, that has ever appeared in the
"Review."

Boise, Idaho, Nov. 7, 1903.

Read all of the bee journals.

■■ ^^^» k^'jtP^^r^ *

Bee- Keepers' Review

PUBI^ISHED MONTHLY

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Terms — Ji.oo a year to subscribers in the
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Discontinuances — Tlie Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
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ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
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and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Plint, Michigan, Jan. lo, 1904

Keep More bees.
Adopt short cuts.
Make your own hives.
Attend bee conventions.

Join the National Bee-Keepers' As-

sociation.

»^u»»^^*»»»»

Study the changing conditions, and
take advantage of the changes.

•^.•.«i«j^«^

N. E. France, R. C. Aikin and P.
H. Elwood, are re-elected and E. R.
Root holds over, as no one else received
a majority vote. Amendments carried.

«»>^i»^^^»^'^t»

Wisconsin bee-keepers will hold
their annual convention Feb 3rd and 4th,
in Madison, and the editor of the Re-
view expects to be with them.

<«.rf« »^^»fc»V»

Capt. J. E. Hetherington, one of
New York's most prominent bee-keep-
ers, passed away with the end of the
year — about ten o'clock New Year's
eve. There are no particulars and
there is just room to make this an-
nouncement.

bee-keepers' meetings in YORK
STATE.

Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville,
Wis. , General Manager of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, has been se-
cured by the Bureau of Farmers' Insti-
tutes for New York to speak at
a series of Bee-Keepers' Institutes
in connection with the local bee-
keepers' societies as follows:
Canandaigua, Jan. 6 and 7; Romulus,
Jan. 8; Cortland, Jan. 9; Atiburn, Jan.
11; Oswego, Jan. 12; Amsterdam, Jan.
13; Syracuse, Jan. 14 and 15. The
meeting on the 15th will be that of the
New York State Association of Bee-
Keepers' Societies.

The editor of the Review expects to
accompany Mr. France on this trip,
and wishes to meet as many as pos-
sible of his friends at these meetings.

BOUQUETS FOR THE REVIEW.

When sending in their renewals, sub-
scribers have said some very kind

THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW.

13

thing-s of the Review. Of course there
is not room, nor would it be advisable,
to print all of them, but the following-
are samples:

The Review is high in price — eight
cents a copy — but I can't afford not to
have it. It is worth to me many times
what it costs.

When so many are crying down bee
culture as an exclusive occupation, I
find great comfort in turning to the
Review as a champion of bee-keeping
as a specialty.

I have often wondered how you could
get $1.00 a year for the Review when
there is a weekly and a semi-monthly
at the same price, but, after reading
the Review for a year, I can see how
it is.

I wish to thank you for that editorial
about making our own hives. The edi-
torial shows plainly to me that you
have the welfare of bee-keepers at
heart. I am making my hives this
winter at a cost of only about 45 cents
each, including frames and all.

The Review is like a tonic to me.
I always rise from its reading with
stronger impulses and higher ideals,
not only in the bee-keeping line, but as
a man and citizen. I am making a
success of bee-keeping, and the inspi-
ration from the Review is a prominent
factor.

Although I had kept bees 18 years,
I did not have confidence in myself to
start an out-apiary, but some of your
special articles roused me up, and,
last year, I started another apiary,
and did first-rate. I shall start more
as fast as possible, and I have the
Review to thank that I will not always
be plodding along with a few colonies
in a home-apiary.

TO ABANDON THE OUKEN TRADE.

After having been in the queen trade
for 25 years, I am about to abandon

it. For the last few years I have
reared no queens myself, buying most
of them of Mr. J. P. Moore, of Mor-
gan, Ky., he being the breeder who
has furnished me the "Superior
Stock." Buj'ing queens, and guaran-
teeing safe arrival, purity of mating
and safe introduction, even with the
greatest patience and good sense all
around, leads to more or less friction,
and a vast amount of correspondence.
Other duties are constantly making
demands upon my time. I am away
from home much of the time, and the
most troublesome part of my business
for Mrs. Hutchinson to look after,
when I am away, is the queen trade.
There is also another point: It is
quite likely that I have received the
lion's share of the queen trade of my
readers. This will now go to my ad-
vertisers, giving them better satis-
faction. Instead of putting more irons
into the fire, I think I will accomplish
inore if I take out some of them, hence
out comes the queen-trade-iron. I
shall do no more advertising of queens,
and when the orders that I now have
on hand are filled, I shall be done.

^^^^n^^'iiii'

MICHIGAN, STATE, BEE-KEEPERS'
CONVENTION.

Michigan bee-keepers will hold their
annual convention, Feb. 25th and 26th,
in the chapel at the Agricultural Col-
lege, near Lansing. The State Dairy-
men will hold their annual convention
at the same place Feb. 23rd, 24th and
25th, their last session ending at noon
on the 25th, and the bee-keepers hold-
ing their first session on the afternoon
of the same day. The Farmers' Insti-
tutes will hold their "round-up" Insti-
tute at the Agricultural College from
Feb. 23rd to 26th, inclusive, and on
Friday afternoon the bee-keepers will
meet with them in joint session, when
the Hon. C. B. Collingwood will give
a talk on "Farm-Law, " in which he
will include the "Rights of Bees."

14

THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW.

Prof. Hedrick, of the College will give
a talk on "Bees and their Relation to
Fruit-Growing, " considering their
value in cross-fertilizing the flowers,
and the injury they may do in conve}-
ing destructive diseases and insects,
such as the San Jose scale, as well as
the damage done by bees to fruits, etc.
This will be something along the same
line as the talk given by Prof. Waite
at Buffalo, in 1901. Ernest Root has
promised to be with us, and, taking it
all in all, it promises to be a most
interesting meeting.

On account of the "round-up" Insti-
tute, half -fare will be given on all
Michigan railroads. Dinner and sup-
per may be secured at the College, but
visitors will have to go to Lansing for
their lodging and breakfast. The dis-
tance, however, is only four miles, and
it can be made on an electric car for
only five eents. Headquarters for bee-
keepers at Lansing will be at the
Wentworth hotel, where excellent fare
may be secured at $1.50 a daj'.
Further particulars and a program
will be given later.

SUPPORTING FRAMES ON NAILS — FAST-
ENING SUCH FRAMES FOR
MOVING.

Two or three months ago I described
some frames used by Mr. E. B. Tyr-
rell, of Davison, Michigan. Soon after
the appearance of the article one of
my subscribers asked how such frames
would answer when it was desirable
to move the bees — how the frames
would be fastened. I knew there were
several ways in which they might be
fastened, but I wished to see how Mr.
Tyrrell would go at it, so I sent the
inquirj' to him. Here is Mr. Tyrrell's
reply :

"Friend Hutchinson: — In regard to
how I would fasten those frames that
hang on nails, for moving, I would
say that in most cases I would not
fasten thetn. I have moved a good

many bees on loose, hanging frames,
and never had any trouble. Occa-
sionall}', a few might get out of place,
but I could never see that any damage
was done. I would not want to move
bees at a time when the roads were in
such a condition that there would be
any danger of the frames shoving to-
gether, if loaded crosswise, of the
wagon. Of course, one would have to
be a little more careful in handling the
hives while loading and unloading
them.

But, to answer the question asked, I
would sixy, get some strips of wood cut
■4 xl/'^x the length of the width of the in-
side of the hive. As the space between
the ends of the frames and the hive is
just '4 inch, you will see that if it
wasn't for the nail-ends of the frames,
the strips would just push down be-
tween the ends of the frames and the
hive, but as the nails prevent, we must
cut a saw-kerf, for each nail, within '4
inch of the opposite side of the strip.
This will allow the piece to slip down
over the nail ends, firmly holding them
in place, both endwise and cross-wise,
and, by puting them in place a few
days before moving, the bees will glue
the frames to them, so no bottom-spacer
will be needed, unless the hives were
subject to very rough handling. Of
course, these pieces could be made
narrower than IJ2 inch, only it would
not furnish so good a bearing at the
ends of the frames, and a bottom-
spacer would be more likely to be nec-
essary.

Another way of fastening them
would be to use little staples, driving
them straddle of the nails. The bot-
toms can be kept from swinging by
crowding in some strips between the
bottom ends of the frames and the hives,
the nails slipping up in the saw-kerfs
made.

Still another way would be to tack
thin strips of wood across the tops of
the frames, near each end, putting a
tack into each frame.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

15

Now, the above could be done if you
want to fasten the frames, but it would
be very seldom that / would fasten
them. Take a frame full of brood and
hone3s and the nail will g-enerally sink
just a trifle into the wood; and then the
bees will build little piles of propolis
on each side of it, so that, while the
frame will lift up easily, it will not
slide sidewise so very easily. Remem-
ber I do not use tin rabbets in my
hives.

Now as to why I use such a frame :
With frames with wooden ends, I very
often split off those ends in removing-
the frames from the hives. I know
some will say to not pry on the ends
but on the thick top bar. This you
cannot do without sticking- your pry
into the comb, if you get a lift on the
frame. Of course, 3'ou can pry side-
wise on the frame, but that doesn't lift
them. Again, one sometimes wishes
to "jounse" a super of combs, and I
have broken a good many ends that
way. Again, it is always necessary
to use a prj' to get out a frame, and /
want a hive that I can go through and
remove any or all frames without using
a pn.

Another item to consider is the "first-
out" frame. Factory made frames are
expensive, and you can't get the aver-
age planing mill to make them good
enough, if made after the factory
pattern. So I get my top bars made
%xXxl7 inches; end bars J^xXx9>^
Inches; bottom bars J4x%xl7 inches,
making all plain sawing. It can be
done at any planing mill and should
not cost over o>ie cent each.

I have used the Hoffman, all-wood,
staple-spaced, nail-spaced, and others,
and prefer the loose hanging, nail-end
frames to any. I have had trouble
with the Hoffman by having the sides
split off where glued together by the
bees.

In conclusion, let me say that I find
the more simple, less complicated, and
fewest arrangements one can have

around bees, the more bees a man can
handle, the more money he can make,
and the better satisfied will he be with
the bee business."

tw^t^^^^rt^^K

STICK TO ONE THING.

I sometimes wonder if a man real-
izes how much he loses by changing
from one occupation to another. Each
year a man learns more iind more
about his business; learns of its ad-
vantages and disadvantages, and how
to make the most of them. On this
point, however, there should be a word
of caution. Before sticking to one pur-
suit, year after year, a man ought to
be as sure as possible that that pur-
suit is the best one for him. If a man
is lost in the woods, and persists in
going in a certain direction, if that
direction is the ivrong direction, the
more he persists the farther he gets
from home. First, he better sit down
and consult his compass, or the sun,
or stars, consider his bearings care-
fully, and be as positive as it is
possible for him to be, that he ip going
in the right direction, before persist-
in 7. But, after a man is certain, or
reasonably certain, that he is going in
the right directfon, he should not turn
back on account of obstacles — they
should be overcome.

Not long ago a man said to me "I
wish that I could get into some busi-
ness like yours. I don't know of a
business in which a man can be as
independent as you are. Money is
always coming in, and you always
seem to have money for anything you
need. You can write an article in a
day or two for a magazine, send a few
pictures with it, and get $40 or $50 for
it." And so he continued on, until I
asked him how long he had been en-
gaged in his present business. It was
about a year. I very kindly told this
young man that back of the ability to
write a magazine article in a day or

16

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

two, were 30 years of hard work, and
if he would follow his present busi-
ness as faithfully, and as enthusiastic-
ally as I had followed mine, it would
then probably appear as rosy (to an
outsider, at least) as mine did to him.

A man who had been dabbling- in
photography a year or two was once
looking- over some of my photog-raphs,
and praising them in a way that made
my cheeks tingle. Mixed with the
praises was the frequent exclamation
of "My! you must have a fine lens."
Before he left he was very particular
to know what make of lens I used. I
know some of the manufacturers of
lenses head their advertisements with
"It's all in the lens." Beg your par-
don, Mr. Manufacturer, it isn't. It's
all in the ma?t. Of course, a lens ap-
propriate for the work is very im-
portant, but to know how to use the
lens properly is most important. This
gentleman who was so enthusiastic in
his praise did not know that for ten
years I had been studying and prac-
ticing photography just as 3-ou and I
have studied bee-keeping — reading
all of the journals and books on the
subject.

It is the "stayer" in any business
who suceeds. Each year he learns
better and better how to conduct his
business — how to avoid the mistakes.

What hope would / now have to be-
come a successful physician? By the
time that I had finished my course at
college, and had sufficient practice to
become really an expert, a man whose
services were really valuable, my race
of life would be nearly run. I began
the study of bee-keeping- when only 18
years old — have always been in the
bee-keeping ranks, and hope I shall
never be so foolish as to desert them.

PREPAREDNESS IS THE SECRET OF MOST
SUCCESSES.

Many men have succeeded because
every possible preparation had been

made in advance. They have not
ventured hastily, and illy-prepared.
For six years before I began keeping
bees I had been studying the subject
in every possible manner — reading
books and journals, and visiting bee-
keepers. When I began keeping bees
I probably knew as much about the
business as a physician knows about
his business when he first begins
practice.

When I began publishing the Review
I had, for ten years, made my living
from the keeping of bees, I had had
several years' experience in writing for
the press, and had a large acquain-
tance among bee-keepers. For two or
three years I had had in mind the pub-
lishing of the Review, and was making
all possible preparations — saving up,
classifying, and booking a list of
names of bee-keepers, was one of the
preparations.

The moment it was decided to hold
the National Association in Los Ange-
les, I began planning to make my trip
to California a financial success. The
expense of the trip would certainly
reach close to $100. How should it be
met? First I made arrangements with
the Santa Fe railroad for transporta-
tion in exchange for adv. space.
Through a complication, which it is
unnecessai"}^ to explain here, there was
considerable difficulty in making this
arrangement with the railroad, and I
had to write numerous letters, and
make three trips to Detroit to see their
agent, before the arrangement was
completed. I next made arrangements
with the hotel in Los Angeles to pay
my bill by an advertisement for the
hotel. Then Mr. France and myself
made plans to occupy the same berth
while on the trip. We met in Chicago
and filled a basket with provisions to
eat while on the road. About once a
day we had a warm meal. It may be
thought that some of these details are
unimportant, but it must not be for-
gotten that details in the aggregate

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

17

make up the whole. About three
months before the convention I secured
the list of members of two of the lead-
ing' bee-keeping- associations in Cali-
fornia. These were compared with
my list of subscribers, and with each
other, to g"et rid of duplicates, and to
each man, who was not a subscriber,
a copy of the Review was sent, as a
sample, each month, until the time of
the convention. I took my camera with
me, made a picture of a small portion
of the Grand Canyon, also of the car
and the bee-keepers who made the trip
in it across the continent. Nearly
every bee-keeper on that trip bought
one of each of those pictures. I also
made a group-picture of the members
of the Association, and sent one to each
member with the privilege of sending
me 75 cents for it, or else returning it,
and the postage would be refunded.
Special clubbing rates were given on
the Review and picture, if both were
taken. As the result of all this care-
ful preparation, I sold about 150
pictures, and increased my subscrip-
tion list b}' about 75 subscribers. The
trip was a grand success, financially,
besides enabling me to secure some
most excellent matter for the Review,
and make some most delightful ac-
quaintances. All this was largely
the result oicareful preparation. I may
bring ridicule upon myself for thus
making myself the hero of my own
story, but I will bear it cheerfully if I
can thereby encourage and help others
to make like successes.

If there is any business in which
prepardness counts, it is in that of bee-
keeping. How manj', wawjj' times has
a crop of honey been well-nigh lost
from lack of preparation on the part of
a bee-keeper. Now, now, is the time
to prepare for next season. Get your
hives, sections, foundation, and, above
all, cans, or some kind of storage, for
holding all the extracted honey that
your bees can possibly bring in next
year. If you had heard the tales of

woe that have been poured into my
ears, of daily trips to the railroad,
waiting and watching for the cans that
never came, until the harvest was over,
you would not wonder that I write thus
strongly. It was always the same
story: "The cans would have been
there in time //"" — Don't have any if.
Get them Jiow. I have seen bee-keep-
ers have to press into service churns,
wash-boilers, pans, pails, lard-cans,
candy-pails, etc., and then lose much
of the crop from a lack of storage.

This is only one thing. Let the
opening of the season find you ready
in every particular.

Having made a plan and careful
preparations for carrying it into exe-
cution, I would not advise that that
plan never be changed. On the con-
trary, success may depend upon the sud-
denness with which a man can change
his plans. A general always goes into
battle with a well-defined plan of what
he expects to accomplish, and hoiv he
will accomplish it; but the fortunes of
war may compel him to change his
plans several times before the battle is
over. But here is the point: Because
his soldiers are well-fed, well-equipped,
and well-prepared for battle, does not
hinder the carrying out of any plan
that may be forced upon him in an
emergenc}'. It is the same with bee-
keeping— be ready; for "preparedness
is the secret of most successes."

■Arf^^H.^11"^"

A BEE JOURNAL IS A NECESSITY — NOT
A LUXURY.

In accordance with my request, the
most of those who have ordered the Re-
view discontinued, have been kind
enough to give the reason why, and
the excuses most often given are ' 'no
time to read," and "can't afford it."
While the reading of a bee journal
may be very enjoyable to a bee-keeper,
it is in no sense a luxury — it is an
absolute necessity, almost as much as

18

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

hives, sections or comb foundation.
We used to hear bee-keepers saj' they
"couldn't atford" to buy foundation,
just as though it were akixurj^of some
kind. As well might the merchant
say he couldn't afford to buy goods,
the manufacturer that he could'nt
afford to buy anything that brings him
in more money. If what a man buys
brings in more than it costs, then it is
a profitable thing to buy — it is not a
luxury. If it brings in less than it
costs, then it is unprofitable to buy it,
and its use should be shunned, unless
it is bought because of the pleasure
that comes from its use. For 15.00 a
man can get about all of the journals
there are published in this country,
and, if he ever expects to make a suc-
cess of bee-keeping, or make as great
a success as he might make, he will
spend his first and last dollar for these
journals. When I was keeping bees,
before I began publishing the Review,
I read all of the journals published,
and found it profitable to do so. Some-
times one little item alone was worth
dollars and dollars to me. A man
can't know too much about his own
business; and he who can't afford to
buy or read a bee journal, will never
become a bee-keeper worthy of the
name. He who would succeed, simply
can't afford not to read the journals —
he must do it.

ADVANTAGES OF ORDER AND
SYSTEM.

Let me give an illustration or two
regarding the value of order and
system. Since I began publishing the
Review the cuts have been accumulat-
ing until now there must be two or
three bushels of them. Until recently
they have been piled on long shelves
in a big cupboard. Whenever I wished
to find a cut I had to look them all
over, pile them over and over, until the
desired one was found. I have looked
as long as half an hour before finding
the one that was wanted. Now they

are arranged in a large cabinet, and
indexed, and I can find any particular
cut in half a minute.

I am sure that I do my office-work
in one-half the time, and with greater
pleasure, than I did before I had it
thoroughly systemized and equipped
with labor-saving devices. My desk
stands in the corner, with its back
against the north wall of the room.
At my left is the west wall, and, firm-
ly attached to this wall, is a little
shelf upon which stands my typewriter.
I sit in an office chair that has a re-
volving seat, which enables me to turn
instantly, without rising, either to the
typewriter, or the desk. At the left
of the typewriter stands the dictionary
in a holder. In the lower part of the
desk, at both the right and the left, is
a tier of drawers, each drawer being
devoted to some particular use. At the
right of the desk stands a cabinet fitted
with shelves for holding all of the bee
journals, each in iis place. On top of
the cabinet is the letter press, in which
is kept the book into which are copied
all of the letters I write. In front of me,
above where I write, are 28 pigeon holes,
each labeled according to the use to
which it is to be used. Above these
pigeon-holes is a book-case, containing,
among other things, a complete set of
back volumes of the Review, substan-
tially bound. Before getting these
bound, how many, many times have I
had to hunt and hunt for some particu-
lar issue. On top of the book-case
stand a row of letter files containing all
of the letters I receive — all arranged
alphabeticall3'. I can find any letter
in half a minute. On the left end of my
desk, to the right of the typewriter, stand
a series of boxes, or trays, in which is
kept the subscription list of the Review,
the names being written on cards that
stand upon their edges in the boxes just
mentioned. Colored cards with pro-
jecting tabs upon their upper edges
project above the general upper line of
the cards. Upon these projecting tabs

THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW.

19

are printed the names of the States.
Each State is also divided off witli
similar cards having- the letters of the
alphabet upon the upward, projecting-
tabs. Suppose I wish to find the name
of John Johnson, Midland, Mich., I
can see the word "Michig-an, " instant-
ly. I know just about where to look
for it, as the States are arrang-ed
alphabetically in the boxes. Having
found Michig-an, I can almost instant-
ly put my finger on the tab marked
"J," and all of the "J's" in Michigan
are all together just behind this card.
They can be lifted out and shuffled
over, and the card of Mr. John John-
son found very quickly. These cards
are printed with the years, for 25 years
ahead, spaces being- left to write in
the months. Mr. Johnson's subscrip-
tion is advanced by simply writing the
appropriate month before the appro-
priate year, and his card put into the
box or tray in which are kept the
names for that certain year, and the
names for each ye'dr are kept by them-
selves. Little tabs on the tops of the
cards indicate in which month the sub-
scriptions expire. If I wish to write
to the subscribers whose subscriptions
expire with a certain month in a cer-
tain year, it is no trouble to find them.
There are several other advantages
about this card system that might be
mentioned. For instance, when a man
orders his paper stopped, we simply
remove the card, and it is ofi^ out of the
way. In a book, the name remains,
and eventually, the book is lumbered
up with a lot of dead names that must
be looked over every time the list is ex-
amined. At the right of the desk is
another set of cards in which, or b}'
which, is kept the list of names to
which samples are sent. Tabs on the
upper edges of the cards show how
long the card has been in the list, and
what kind of advertising matter has
been sent. When a subscription comes
in, this list is always examined to see
if this man is on the sample-list. If

his name is found, the Card is taken
out, stamped with the date of his sub-
scription, and filed away. It is some-
times interesting, yes, and important,
to know how long a man will some-
times receive advertising matter before
he finally subscribes. We learn,
eventually, how long it pays to keep a
man's name in the list. I also have
ways of determining, inmost instances,
what kind of advertising- has induced
a man to subscribe. A record of this
is kept, and, gradually, I am learning
that some forms of advertising- are al-
most valueless, while others are so
good that it is simply impossible to
dispense with them. But I have said
about enoug-h on this point, suffice it
to say, that on about six feet square
of floor space is concentrated and
systemized all of my office work. I
can sit in my chair and place my
finger almost instantly upon anything-
that I wish to find.

System has been defined as "always
doing- the same thing in the same way, ' '
and one of the great gains in system-
izing, in "alwa3's doing the same
thing- in the same way," is that it al-
lows of the bringing- in of hired help.
When a man "always does the same
thing in the same way," he can teach
some one else how to do it, but if it
is done diff^erently at different times,
and some sort of judg-ment must be ex-
ercised each time, the hired help may
not always use the best of judgment.
Mr. Townsend well-says, in this issue
of the Review, that in the management
of out-apiaries, there must be some
system that hired help can understand
and carry out throughout the entire
season. Since I have my business so
thoroughly systemized, I can g-o away
and leave it in charge of my wife, or
one of my daug-hters, and be g-one from
home two or three weeks if necessary.
Of course, there are some kinds of
business in which it is almost impos-
sible for the owner to leave it, but, in
many instances, I think there is some-

20

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

thing- wrong with the management
when a man canH get away from it if
necessary.

I do not wish to convey the idea that
the managing of an apiary can be
systemized in the same manner as it
can be done in office work, but, for
pity's sake! you can pile all of the
emptj^ hives in one place can't j'ou?
You can have another for the empty
supers, another for supers filled with
sections, another for honej'-boards, an-
other for bottom-boards, and so on,
through the whole business? You can
sweep up the floor, and have a place
for each tool, and keep each in its
place. I have actually felt sick at
heart when I have entered some honey-
houses. A cyclone could not have
scattered things worse than I have
seen them scattered.

Then there should be a sj-stematic
way of working in the apiarJ^ I don't
suppose any man goes into the apiary
and extracts the honey from one colon}'
here, from another there, but he begins
at one row, and goes straight through,
extracting from each colony that needs
it. This same method, or system,
should extend through all of the work
that is done. There ought, also, to be
some method of marking each hive,
where there is a queenless colony, for
instance — something that could be
easily and quickly seen without squint-
ing at some written record. I believe
some man used a brick on top of a hive.
The brick on the side had a meaning,
on its edge, another meaning, on end,
another. Then whether the brick was
in the middle of the hive, or toward the
front of the hive another.

But I have written enough. Begin
at the bottom and systemize your work
from bottom to top. Systemize it all
that it is possible. Bring in order.
"Always do the same thing in the same
way," as much as possible. By so do-
ing 3'ou can accomplish twice as much
work, and feel good all the time you
are doing it.

HIVE-MAKING.

Shall it be Done by the Bee-Keeper, or Shall
He buy His Hives?

In view of the sharp advance in the
price of hives, I, a short time ago, in
the Review, urged bee-keepers to make
their own hives. Bro. Root, of Glean-
ings copied my editorial, and com-
mented upon it to the extent of a page
or more. Bro. Root and myself have
been friends for many years, are
friends now, and will probably remain
as such. Our friendship is not depend-
ent upon the fact that we usually agree,
but rather that it is of such a character
that it allows us to indulge in good
hard arguments, without any injury
to the bond that binds us. Such being
the case, and this subject being really
an important one, I take pleasure in
copying the remarks of my Bro. edi-
tor. Among other things he says:

Part of what Mr. Hutchinson says
is true. There are times and places
where soine bee-keepers can go to their
nearest planing-mills and get their
hives made, and perhaps save some
monej'. This is conceded; but in the
great majority of cases it will be a
inoney-losing venture, I think. The
large manufacturer of bee-hives can,
as a rule, supply hives ready to put
together in lots of 100 at a price equal,
or nearly so, to what the bee-keeper
would have to pay for the same grade
of lumber at the average planing-mill
without any work put on it. This
seems like a broad statement, but let
us see how it works out in fact. Good
clear first-class lumber, such as the
manufacturers are now putting out in
their hives, with few or no knots in,
will cost at the planing mill between
$50 and $60 per 1000 feet; but we will
say it is 5 cents a foot. A standard
eight-frame Dovetailed hive has 20 feet
of luinber in it, including waste neces-
sar3'. This makes the lumber in that
hive cost Si. 00. At 6c a foot it will
cost $1.20. Let us now look at a 1904
catalogue. We find that the price of
an eight-frame hive in lots of 100 is
$1.25 (for it would be folly for any one
to make less than a hundred hives).

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

21

he will pay, then, almost as much for
his lumber, or perhaps just as much,
as the regular supply-manufacturer
would charge for the hive all cut ready
to put together without any waste.
But labor has advanced, and the mill-
man will not charge less than 40 cents
an hour, and possibly 60. He is not
familiar with hive-making. His sjiws
are coarse toothed, and his men do not
realize the importance of extreme
accuracy in hive-making. The hives
at the ends will not be lock-cornered,
for the mill has no machinery for that
purpose. The boards when put to-
gether will have to depend entirely on
the nails for the strength of the cor-
ner.

Perhaps it might be said that the
bee-keeper will have to pay freight on
his factory hives, but they will be ac-
curately cut and standard in every re-
spect. I have seen a lot of planing-
mill hives, and heard some of the bee-
keepers who had hives made in that
way tell their experience. The stuff
was irregular, the frames would not
alternate, they were very rough, and
the work was altogether unsatisfactory.
• But perhaps some one does not see
how a manufacturer can furnish a bee-
keeper a complete hive at the bare cost
of the lumber in the open market. The
supply manufacturer can buy by the
cargo and a comparatively cheap
grade of lumber, and cut around the
knots. Here is a board that is 12 or
16 feet long. We will say it has four
or five knots in it. Out of this board
he may be able to cut out of the clear
stock two or three ends or two or three
sides. There will be several boards
that have knots in them. The manu-
facturer, who is in the business, can
use these for a great variety of pur-
poses, and not lose money on them.
Some of them will g"o into the ends of
square (can) boxes; others will be used
for crating; some will be used for a
great variety of purposes too numerous
to mention. The bee-keeper who de-
sires to have his hives made in a small
way would have to buy clear stock
at a price of S50 or $60 per 1000, for
the planing-mill could not afford to
throw away short boards having knots
in them, for it would have no use for
short knotty boards. Its business is
making sash-doors, blinds, door-cases,
window-frames, etc., and it can use
only long stuff. It wil 1, therefore, be
necessary for the bee-keeper to buy
clear stock, which is expensive, as he
cannot afford to have hives with loose

knots in that are liable to fall out.
He may argue that he can use a cheap
grade of lumber; but experience with
thousands of customers shows that the
average customer won't have such lum-
ber in hives at any price.

It is true there has been a sharp ad-
vance in prices on bee-supplies; but
the marked advance in lumber, in
labor, and in all common commodities,
has made this all necessary. Prices
on bee-goods have hardly kept pace
with other commodities.

Mr. Hutchinson suggests that, with
the prices in view that hives are apt
to reach, it will be well for bee-keep-
ers to rig up a buzz-saw or a horse-
power. The old adage, "Don't monkey
with a buzz-saw, " is good advice for
nine men out of ten. There are very
few people who have mechanical in-
genuity enough to run a buzz-saw with-
out coming to grief. If they do not
saw their fingers and maim themselves
for life, they may do very bad work.
Mr. Hutchinson got up a home-made
buzz-saw years ago, because he is a
natural genius and a fine mechanic.
But where there is one W. Z. H. tliere
are thousands who do not know even
the A. B. C— much less the W. Z's.

A short time ago we published a
letter from one of our friends who had
bought a buzz-saw, thinking he could
make his own stuff cheaper. After he
got through he took account of the
cost, and found his hives cost him
nearly or quite twice as much as those
he could buy at a factory. He had
lost one finger; his hives were poorly
made, and all he had was the experi-
ence and a lot of supplies that were
bound to be a continual annoyance,
and a fifty-dollar buzz-saw "for sale
cheap. "

Now, in taking this view from the
standpoint of the manufacturer I have
tried to give the exact facts as I
happen to know them — not because I
am interested in having bee-keepers
buy hives from the Root Co., but be-
cause I am anxious to have the exact
facts come before the public. I know
that Mr. Hutchinson will not miscon-
strue mj^ motives, even if he doesn't see
the matter as I do.

I suppose that what Bro. Root saj's
about the manufacturers of hives be-
ing able to put into said hives a grade
of lumber that would cost the ordinary
buyer $50 or $60 a thousand, is true.
The last time that I was at Medina, I

22

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

saw a man cutting up lumber that cost
$28 a thousand; and I told in the
Review of the skill and understanding
that is shown in so cutting that lumber
as to leave the stuff, or pieces, for
hives, nearly clear of knots — the short
knotty pieces cut out being used for
something else. It may be true that
the average customer, who sends away
for his hives, and pays a high price
for them, will kick, and kick hard, if
there are many knots in the lumber,
but the man who buys his own lumber,
and has it cut up at the planing mill,
lets those knots go right in ; and for
practical purposes, his hives are ex-
actly as good as though made of clear
stuff lumber. Most of the knots are
sound, and do no harm whatever in
any part of the hive, even in the cover,
while a loose knot does no harm in the
side or bottom of a hive. One or two
wire nails driven through the surround-
ing wood into the knot will hold it in
place. Even a knot hole maybe cover-
ed on each side of the board by tack-
ing on a piece of tin. After the hive
is painted it will scarcely be noticed;
and, even if it were, what of it? We
are keeping bees to make money, and
not that our hives may all be as per-
fect as so many pieces of household
furniture.

HIVES AT SIXTY-FOUR CENTS.
Here in Flint we can bviy sound pine
lumber for $28 a thousand. It is just
about such a grade as I saw them cut-
ting up at Medina. It contains knots,
but most of them are sound. Since I
have quit keeping bees I have been
selling off m}' old hives and supers.
Along toward the end of last summer
there were some hives that had no
covers, and I went to the mill and
bought lumber for the ordinary flat
covers. I was able to get it 13 inches
wide, for $30 a thousand; and, using
the poorest pieces for bottom-boards, I
could get enough sound pieces for
covers. Finally, all the hives were
sold, and still neighboring farmer-bee-

keepers kept coming in after hives, and
I would send an order to the mill for a
dozen more hives. I kept this up until
I had perhaps fifty or sixty hives in
all cut out. Right here let us call at-
tention to some of Bro. Root's figures.
He says a standard, eight-frame Dove-
tailed hive has about 20 feet of lumber
in it including the laaste. I make only
about ten feet in it. It does not seem
as though there could be one-half
waste. Perhaps Bro. Root figured in
the frames. I did not, as I bought the
frames, but the frames certainly would
not use more than two feet of lumber.
The lumber for the sides cost $28 a
thousand. The mill cut out the stuff
for the hives, covers, sides, bottom-
boards, cleats for covers and bottom-
boards, and delivered the stuff at my
house for 37 j^ cents a hive. I hired a
man to nail them up and paint them,
which cost, including nails and paint,
(one coat of paint), one shilling a hive.
I did not hire this done because I could
not do it myself, but because I had
plentj' of other work that paid me
better. I bought the frames of M. H.
Hunt. They were the all-wood frames,
worth, at retail, l'^ cents apiece.
Eight frames cost 14 cents. Hive com-
plete, one storj', with bottom, cover and
frames, 64 cents. There was not a
piece of the lumber that was wasted.
Bro. Root sells such a hive as this,
singly, for $1.60, if I mistake not, or
at $1.25 by the 100. Perhaps mine
may be thought an exceptional case.
It is possible that it is better than
some will be able to do, but Mr. J. E.
Johnson, of Williamsfield, Ills., writes
me that he is making his own hives
this winter at a cost of only 45 cents a
hive. Bro. Root says it is folly for one
to make less than 100 hives. It wasn't
for me. No, the hives were not dove-
tailed at the corners, and the frames
were not of the Hoffman style, both of
which cost a little more than in the
hive I have described, but I would
rather have hives and frames made as

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

23

I had them than to have the hive-
corners dovetailed, or the frames of
the Hoffman type.

MANUFACTURERS HAVE "OVER HEAD

EXPENSES" AND PROFITS THAT

MUST BE COVERED.

Now tlien, leaving given this ilhis-
tration, let me go still further and be
just to Bro. Root, and all other manu-
facturers. Suppose I sliould go into
tlie business of manufacturing hives to
sell, go into it on a large scale. First
I must have a building, power, ma-
chinery, help, book-keepers, insurance,
interest, taxes, advertising, and, above
all this, there must be a profit. I have
not argued, nor intended to convey the
impression, that supply dealers were
asking too much for their goods. It is
impossible for them to avoid these
"overhead expenses," as the}' are
termed. It won't answer for them to
figure up "lumber so much, cutting up
so mucli, nailing and painting so
much," as I did in the hives that I
made, or had made; but here is the
point, and it is the only one that I ex-
pected to make, viz: The man who is
so situated that he can get his lumber
cut up at a mill, cut up in a satis-
factory' manner, and at a reasonable
price, can saz'e all of these "overhead
expenses" that must go to the general
manufacturer. I think there is not a
manufacturer who will not admit this.
One thing more, I suppose any one
who thinks the present manufacturers
of hives are making too much profit, is
at liberty to go into the business and
offer them as much cheaper as he sees
fit.

BEE-KEEPERS HAVE LEISURE
IN WINTER.

Here is another point, and it is a
dt^^ one: Bee-keepers in winter have
hours, days and weeks of leisure.
They have nothing else to do than
make their hives and fixtures for the
coming season. What folly for a man
to send away his money to buy hives,

and then sit around all winter and do
nothing.

I don't advise everybody to buy a
buzz saw, or to set up a windmill,
horse power, or gasoline engine. Un-
less a man has taste or ability in this
line, it would probably be money worse
than wiisted, but any one can get a
sample hive, take it to a planing mill,
select the lumber that will answer his
purpose, and have the hives cut out as
I have suggested; just plain boxes
without any filligree work on tliem,
plain, all-wood frames to match, and
he must be a bungler indeed, who could
not nail them up and paint them.

It maj' seem like heresy, but I honest-
ly believe that we can get along with-
out bottom boards — just use the plain
eai'th as Mr. Tyrrell has been doing
the past season. I also believe that
his Paroid Roofing covers will prove
all right. In fact, I am delighted
with the clieapness and simplicity of
his hive outfit. One thing is certain,
if I needed 100 hives I should not pay
$125 for them, and this is said with no
thought or intimation that manufactur-
ers are charging too much for their
hives; that there is anything like a
trust or combination that is trying to
put prices above where they ought to
be. If manufacturers are charging
too much, it is only a question of time,
and a very short time, too, when some-
body else will be offering them at a
lower price. As I have already ex-
plained, the point is right here: The
manufacturer has a lot of expenses
that do not come to the man who is
making hives for himself. Besides,
the manufacturer must have a profit.

SMALL, CHEAP POWERS FOR HIVE-
MAKING.

Then there is the question of freight.
It may not be a serious item in some
parts of the country — in others it is a
very big item. A Barnes foot-power
saw can be bought for S35. The inter-
est on this sum would not be over $2.00
a year. It would not require the

24

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

freig-ht on very many bee hives to
amount to this sum. Of course, the
buying- of a buzz saw won't make your
hives; and if you have very many hives
to make you will need some other
power than foot-power. I have made
hundreds of hives with a foot-power
saw, and I know what I am talking-
about. Many bee-keepers own a horse,
and it is an easy matter to rig up
some arrangement so that the horse
can furnish the power. My good
friend, R. L. Taylor, over at Lapeer,
Mich., has a large wheel so arranged
that the horse can walk around inside
of it, carrying the wheel with it, while
a large rope in a groove around the
outside of the wheel conveys the power
to the counter-shaft of the buzz-saw.
Mr. Geo. H. Kirkpatrick, of Rapid
City, Mich, has a horse power made
by putting a large wheel upon a large
upright shaft, the wheel being so high
that the horse can walk under it. The
horse is hitched to a sweep that pro-
jects from the large upright shaft.
A chain passes around the large wheel
and then around a pulley on a counter
shaft. Friend Kirkpatrick not only
runs a buzz-saw for hive-making, but
also a turning lathe, and a scroll saw,
and I don't know what all. Another
good friend, away up in the far upper
point of the lower peninsula of Mich-
igan, Mr. C. F. Smith, of Cheboygan,
has a little steam engine that not only
warms his shop in winter, but runs
his buzz-saw for hive making, also his
bone cutter for cutting up bones for
his large flock of poultrj-. Another
good friend, at Swartz Creek, Mich.,
Mr. F. D. Bloss, as I described and
illustrated in the Review last June,
has a windmill that pumps his water,
grinds his feed, shells his corn and
runs a buzz-saw for hive-making. I
could go on and meiition many others,
but the foregoing are sufficient as
illustrations. As I have already
said, unless a man is adapted to such
work as this, he better let it alone.

but he can certainly get his hives and
frames cut out at a planing mill, that
is, he can if he will divest his mind of
the idea that hives must have lock-
jointed corners, adjustable, reversible,
bottom-boards, peaked-roofed covers,
and frames with beveled and notched
end-bars. Just a plain box with plain
wood frames, and a plain flat cover
over them, are all that is needed.

Bro. Root hopes I will not miscon-
strue his motives. I am sure that I
do not. I know that he is handicapped
in an argument of this kind, but I am
sure that he tries to be fair. The only
mistake that he made, or the most im-
portant, as I look at it, is in thinking
that bee-keepers will find it necessary
to pay $60 a thousand for suitable
lumber for hives, and in overlooking
the fact that in making their own hives,
bee-keepers save the overhead expenses
and profits of the manufacturer. Per-
haps it will be said that the bee-keep-
ers will also have some overhead ex-
penses. Not many. Every bee-keeper
has a shop or honey house of some
kind. He can't do business without it.
It may as well be used for hive-mak-
ing in winter as not. Nearly every
bee-keeper has a horse. If he is in the
business extensively he cannot do with-
out one. The horse better do some
work than not; the same with his
owner. The home-hive-maker has no
book-keeper to pay, no advertising bills
to figure in. Then there is the profit
to the manuf ^icturer, and the freig-ht.
I am sure that not only Bro. Root, but
any manufacturer, is willing that bee-
keepers should consider these things,
even if it should result in some of their
trade being cut off — there will be a
whole lot left. If a man finds it cheaper
and better for him to buy his hives of
a manufacturer, he would be very
foolish to do otherwise, and vice versa.

AN IMPORTANT SUBJECT.

Perhaps some will think that I am
taking a whole lot of space with this

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

25

subject, but when sing'le-story hives,
in small lots, cost $1.60 each, or $1.25
each by the hundred, it becomes an
hnpor^afii subject. Manufacturers may
not be able to furnish them for less,
but many bee-keepers can make them
for themselves for much less.

Bro. Root, if I have made any mis-
takes, I shall be delighted to have them
pointed out. I do not arg-ue as does a
lawyer, for the sake of "beating the
other fellow," butfor the sake of bring-
out the truth, and I don't know as it is
any worse for me to be shown to be in
the wrong than it is for "the other
fellow. "

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, iS x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

Famous Trains of America.

Among- the leaders are The
Overland Limited. Chicago to
San Francisco, and The Pioneer
Limited, Chicago to St. Paul.
Both trains run via the Chicago,
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railwa3%
If you are contemplating-awestern
trip you should see that one, or
both, or these famous trains is
included in your itinerary. Rates
and descriptive booklets on re-
quest.

Robert C. Jones, 32 Campus
Martius, Detroit, Michigan.

I am advertising for B. F. Stratton &
Son, music dealers of New York, and
taking my pay in

MUSIOAL
INSTRUMENTS.

I have already bought and paid for in
this way a guitar and violin for my girls,
a flute for myself, and one or two guitars
for some of my subscribers. If you are
thinking of buving an instrument of any
kind, I should be glad to send you one on
trial. If interested, write me for des-
criptive circular and price list, saying
what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

National Bee - Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership, $j.oo.

.Send dues to Treasurer.

J. U. Harri.s, Grand J nction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
Geo. W. Broadbeck, L,os Angeles, Calif.
Secretary.

N. E. FRANCE, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasurer.

Board of Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. HUTCHiN,soN, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toeiterwein, .San Antonio, fex.
R. C. AiKiN, L,oveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. V.
E R. Root, Medina, O.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N Y.
. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

lion'

26

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

The Pacific States

Bee Journal

e^* a^* ^^

Is a publication you should read, es-
pecially if you keep bees in the Pacific
States, fi.oo a year — sample copies free.

e^* ^^ i^^

PACIFIC STATES BEE

I-04-I2t

TULiHRE, CflLiip.

Ho, Bee-Keepers Attention!

The Hyde Bee Company, Incorporated,
capital stock 130,000, wilii the best strains
to be had, and nearly 1500 colonies of
bees, are again offering bees and queens
for market. We are Texas' largest
.\piarists, and for years have been breed-
ing up our stock to the highest point of
excellence. We make a specialty of
Hyde's Imperial, Golden Italians and
Hyde's Non-Swarming, Long-Tongue,
3-band, Italians. Untested queens, either
race, until June i, fi. 00 each, or six for
$5 00; twelve for .$9.00. Self ct warranted
25c, and Tested queens 50c additional.
Select, tested, $2 00, breeders, j-band,
$3.00; Golden, I5.00. Orders received
until March i at 10 per cent, less than
above prices. Circular free, postal gets it.

TEXAS BEE-KEEPERS.

We are headquarters for the best and
cheapest honey cans, and solicit your
trade. We are in the market for Comb
and Extracted honey. Let us m_ike an
offer on your crop when ready. Don't
forget to give us a show when you go to
buy cans or sell honey. We are the larg-
est honey dealers in the United States.

THE LYDE BEE COMPANY,
i-04-tf Floresville, Texas.

Successors to O. P. Hyde & Son.

THE

PARKER

PEN

has the
^^LUCKY CURVE^^

The "lucky ciir\-e" is a curve in
the feed-pipe thai brings its inner
opening out against the inside of
the barrel of the pen. and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of the
feed-pi, e when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage. .\t the .same time the
feed-pipe is kept moist with ink
and ready for business.

There are other good features
about the Parker. Oue is the al-
most impossibility of breaking the
handle. If it breaks from any
cause within a year a new oue is
sent free.

When on my way to the Los
.\ugeles convention, I saw Mr.
France using a fine fountain pen
that worked nicely, and I asked
him what kind it was. He said it
was a "Parker," made by the
Parker Pen Co,, of Janesville,
Wis. I tried it and was so en-
thusiastic in my praise, that Chas.
Schneider pulled out his pen and
asked me to try that. It seemed
to work as well as the other and I
said: "There must be other good
pens as well as the Parker. It is
strange that I have never been
able to buy one." "Mine is a
Parker, too," .said Mr. Schneider.

As sooh as I reached home I
sent for a Parker and have been
carrying and using it eversiuce
with the greatest of satisfaction .

There are styles of pens of dif-
ferent prices, from $1.50 up to
Jio.oo, depending mostly upon
the finish of the handle. My pen
cost $2 00, and, so far as practical
use is concerned, is the equal of
any.

So pleased am I with this pen
1 that I have made arrangements

f whereby I can send the Review

one year, and one of the J2.00
pens, for only J2.50. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed, or
inonev will be refunded.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

Flint, Mich,

POULTRY NEWS.

Twenty-five cents yearly. Agents wanted. Bee
department conducted by Fowler, the bee man
of Ardsley, N. Y. Twenty pages, illustrated ami
up-to-date.
io-03-tf New Brunswick.^New Jersey.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

27

i Winter Losses. §

(>^ Are not always the result of the same cause. The}' may vh;

Clu come from starvation; from poor food; from improper prep- rj|

5[^ arations; from imperfect protection; from a cold, wet, or Iv

"^o possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar, etc., etc. Successful win- Jj^

krj terin^ con)es from a proper combination of different con- jv^

^^ ditions. For clear, concise, comprehensive conclusions upon iT^

y^ these all-important points, consult vH./

''Advanced Bee Culture/' W

Five of its thirty-two chapters treat as many different phases fj^

of the wintering problem. Qp

Price of book, 50 cts,; the REVIEW one year and ^

the book for $ \ .25, Stamps taken either U. S. or. Can. ffj

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. ^,

TennesseeQueens

Daughters of Select Imported
Italians. Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and select, Straiglit
5-band Queens, bred i'A miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2',-!. miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within 5
miles. No disease. 30 years'
exper i e n c e . Warranted
queens 60c each; tested, J1.25
each. Uiscount on large or-
ders.

Contracts with dealers a
specialty. Discount after
July ist. Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

Wanted: — To sell an apiary of 100
colonies, fully equipped, in Hilton chafif
hives; or a young man as partner, to lake
half interest in above; also an out-yard of
50 colonies. Location as good as North-
ern Michigan affords

CLINTON F. PULSIFER,
i^)4-tf Nesson City, Mich.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

\ man livinp near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We f)oth had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for hoTh of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a ne^v
knife for which I I'aid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

THE AlVIERlCflN BEE-KEEPEK,

Is one of the leading illustrated monthlies of the
world, and it is sent three years for one dollar
in advance. Sample copy free.

28

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Going: to California?

If you had not thought of it, why not make
plans poV to go ? If you jvrc going; we have
just a word for, you about getting there.

There is only one road which takes you up in Chicago
or Kansas City and puts you down in Los Angeles
or San Francisco without the aid or consent of an-
other. This one railway is the 5^pta Fe. It is
the only line under one management between points
named, which fact insures uniform and efficient service.

Upon request we will gladly mail you a book and a
booklet. Use coupon below if you would like them.
The book describes the trip to California by way of
the old Santa Fe trail. The booklet tells of the Cali-
fornia Limited on the Santa Fe Ry. Scenery finest
in America. Train best in the world.

Daily service of the California Limited on the Novem-
ber 29 for eighth season. Other fast daily trains
carry Pullman standard and tourist sleepers.

F. T. HENRY, Gen, Agt.,

\5\ Griswold St., Detroit, Mich.

1^ ^

Santa Fe

% W

SEND ME CALIFORNIA BOOK AND
LIMITED BOOKLET.

Name

Street JVo.

City

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

29

>ALZER'S
^ FARM
SEED NOVELTIES

Salzer's National Oats.

Most prolific Outs on earth. The
*U. S. IJept. of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, Buys: "Salzer's (Jats arc the
best out of over four hundred sorts
tested by us." This grand Out
yielded in Wisoonsia 156 bu., Ohio
187 bu., Michigan 231 bu., Missouri
255 bu.,and North DakolaSIO bu. per
acre, and will positively do as well by
you. Try It, sir, and be convinced.

A Few Sworn to Yields.

Salter's Beartliuss Barley, 121 bu. per A.
Salter's UooKtbuildtr Corn, 304 Uii. piT A.
Sal7.er'a Blf; Four Oats, 250 ba. \xt k.
Sal/.er's Kew Nalional Oats, 310 bo. peri.
Salter's Potatoen. 736 bu. per A.
SaUer's Onions, 1.000 bo. per A.
All of onr Farm and Vepetable Seeds are
pedigree stock, bred right up to big yields,

Salzer's Speltz (Emmer).

Greatest ocreiil woiidfr of the atre. It is
not corn nor wheat, nor rye, nor barley, nor
oats, but a golden combination of them all,
yielding 80 bu. of grain and 4 tons of rich
straw hay pel acre. (Jrea test stock food on
earth. Ijoes well everywhere.

Salzer's Million Dollar Grass.

Wost talked of grafs on earth. Editors and
College ProfepRors and Acrii'Ultural Lecturers
praise it without stint; yields 14 Ions of rich
nay and lots of pasture besides, per acre.

Salzer's Teoslnte.

Salzer's Teosiiite produces 113 rich, juicy,
sweet, leafy pI<m ks from one kfinel of seed, 11
feet high in Su days; yielding fully 80
tons of green fodder per aire, doing »^[j
well everywhere. East, West, South l^]!
or North. -*-^*

Grasses and Clovers.

Only large growers of grasses and
clovers for seed in America.
Operate over 5,(i(X) acres. Our
•seeds are warranted. We niake
a great specialty of r,ra8Pe8 and
Cloveis, Kodder Tlants, Coin.l'o-
tatoes, Onions, Cabbage, and all
sorts of Vegetable Seeds.

For 10c In Stamps

and the name of this paper, we
will send you a Ud of farm
seed samples, including some
of above, together with our
mammoth 140 jmge illus-
trated catalogue, for
but lOc in postage
stamps.

Send for same
to-day.

A Bee Joornal Free

I will give a year's subscription to either
Review, Gleanings, or American Bee
Jonriial, with an order for$io.oo worth of
Bee Supplies; or six month's subscription
with $5.00 worth of supplies. Cheapest
place to get your supplies. Sections a
specialty. Price list free. Honey and
wax wanted. W. D. SO PER,
1-04-lf R. D. 3. Jackson, Mich.

BEE SUPPliIES

Don't wait any longer to buy.
Big discounts for orders now

Write today and say what you want

vSixth annual catalog

We also handle the

Incubators and

JOHN A.SALZER SEED CO.

LA CROSSE. WIS.

and get our prices
will soon be out.
famous Hoosier
Brooders.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

Depl. B. 1004 E. Waiih. St
i-04-6t INDIANAPOIvIS, IND

The Best and

pincst Fruits,

Vegetables and Flowers may be had by
plaulimi onr Trees, Seeds and Bulbs.
We make a specialty of improving and
testing new fruits, vegetables and flowers.
We have a full as.sortment of the best and
most reliable old Standard Varieties.
We grow and test the most promising or-
namental i)lanls. shrubs and trees and
rtccommentl only the best varieties.

Spee al Seed Otfef.

Forloc and 10 addresses of people who
buy seeds, trees, bulbs, greenhouse plants,
etc., we will send 10 packets of the earli-
est known varieties of cabbage, tomato,
beet, raddish and lettuce. Two best var-
ieties of each. Ten packets for lOC.

We make a specialty of Northern
Grown Seed Potatoes.

Send us list of nursery stock, shrubery
plants, seed potatoes, etc., needed and
we will give you our lowest prices. We
are always plea.sed to answer questions
about fruits, flowers or vegetables. Send
for our catalog.

T. C. FURNAS & CO.

Nurserymen, Florist and Seedsmen.

1-04-3! Indianapolis, Ind

30

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

( PATEINT, BINQHAM SMOKEIRS. 24

\
YEIARS the: BEIST. CATALOG FREZEI.

T. F. BINGHAM, FARWEZLL, MICH

A COOL MILLIpN

Of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for
catalogue— it's free. R. H. SCHMIDT & Co.
Sheboygan, Wis.

One pound, square, flint glass,

HONEY JARS

with patent, air-tight stoppers, at {4.50 per gross
Shipped from New York or from factory.
Send for catalogue to
J. H. M COCK, 7 O Cortland St.. N Y. Citv

I Names of Bee-Keepers i

m -type: writtem b

m ^

The naniesof my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in Ihe largest Sates).
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at $2 00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2,511 per 1000, but
1 now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process. I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly,
in the adjoining States, can be Sccommoc!ated.
Here is a list of the Stales and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark. .. . 130
Ala •■ So
Calif... 37H
Colo.. . 22S
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162
Dak.. .
Del ....
Fla....
Ga....
Ind....
Ills.... 1375
Iowa . . 800

25
18

100
90

744

Ky

Kans..

La

Mo

Minn..
Mich...
Ma-s.. .

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y.. .
Neb.. .
N. J.
N. H.

182

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

• ■345

130

»58

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 56
Oregon.. 104
Ohio...
Penn.. .
R. I....

S. C

Tenn...

Tex

Utah....

Vt 200

Va 182

W. Va 172

Wash 128

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

1 30c

912

46

40

176

. 270

Root's Goods at Root's Prices.

Choice While Wyandotes and Barred
Rocks. Best strain Italian queens. Send
for circular

J. F. MICHAEL,
i-04-tf R F D I. Winchester, Ind.

.^ y^ y^ sheets of letter paper,
I ■ Bfl ■ 6x9 inches in size, of
I ^ W\^ W the heaviest, finest qual-
ity, with your name,
business and address neatly printed at
the top and the sheets put up in a neat
pad, and

^ ^'^ ^'^ white-wove high-cut
I ■ Mfl ■ envelopes, of the best
B W^ PW^ ^ quality, with your
name, address and busi-
ness, printed on the upper left hand cor-
ner, will be sent by mail, prepaid, for only
/t* -4 >^ J" or the Review one
^n Jl »Ju%y • year, and this batch of
stationery for only
$2. 00. W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mich.

If you knew that

OUR HIVE

is better in construction, with better ma.
terial than any other, would you order of
us? How can you know if you do not
give us a trial order ?

Six Per Cent, Discount

on all orders received before February i,
1904.

Wood-Brush Bee-Hive &
Box Co.

12-03-tf ujijisirio, JAICH-

THEBEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

31

raimniiia«iinitBiH

|iiiinnBii<iirit§iii|ii|iaiiiiiiininii|!i|iam|ni|Bmi!iiiaiin|iii

iiiiiiiiiia>iiiiiuiiiiiiiii'iiiMliiiiaiiiitii<'ia;iimii>a><Hiii(iijiiiiiiiij

Bee-Keepers

It is a conceded fact that the
bulk of the honey of the future
is going to be produced in the
irrigated portion of what is
known as "Arid America." If
you are interested in the pro-
gress of apiculture in this vast
region, you should subscribe
for the

RocKy A\ountaii7

a twenty-page monthly; price
50 cents per year.

This is now the only bee pub-
lication west of the Missouri
river. We have several hun-
dred eastern subscribers, and
have still roo:n for more. Write
for free sample copy. Address

H. ©. A\orebouse

Boulder, Colo.

'''''f''"l'<)'f!i.!<|*wg|''1|fftiij|)>)!ifii<inii!iuiimBMii||tnBiimiiiiBiiimiiiaiiinuiiBiiiiiiiii|

iii"l.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiii(iiiiii;„iiiiiiiiuii,iiiiii.iiiiini<iiii,>ni'iiii,i:iiiii..iiiiJ

"f be Bee-Keepers' !

Pavrzvcli^^. !

300,000 Acres of Wild Land |

for sale, in the famous Fruit i

Belt Region of Michigan, at low |

prices and on easy terms. |

These lands are especially |

adapted to fruit culture, all the I

most desirable fruits being cul- f

tivated with especial success. |

These uncultivated lands also I

produce immense quantities of |

wild berries, from which large |

crops of honey are obtained, at I

a good profit to the Bee-Keeper. t

Write for particulars and cir- i

culars. Il

"No trouble to answer letters." j

Address: |«

J. E. A\«rritt, |

Gen'l. A\8:r. |;

A\icbi^AO Land Co., f;

m I!ll4,

""flllilB*"""

■IIIIUB

laiKMniiaiiiii

<i naniN

luniiilllllliBllil'
miiiniiiiiiilihii

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iii»i< iiiliitt

inaiiiiiniifliiniiiirenii:

liiliMiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

iiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiii
mniiiiiimiiiiii

iiiiiaiiiiriiiaiinitiiiBiiiiiiiiiaiin|(i!!aiia*nua IIIIIIII

Ill>|lllll!lllillllll||iil||||l||:|lllllllllilllliilllil!ll|ll1i

mm
aiiiMW

Root's Goods 2\t
Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

Large and complete stock on hand
at all times. l,ow freieht rates

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free,

Walter S. Pou«acr

513-515 Mass. Ave
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Da g < a 1'^'!!^!

ittroer s PI

Foupcl^tioi? i j

Ret&il— Wbol9$a.lc ff''"|

Has an established reputation, be- | |

cause made bv a process that pro- |...::.j

dnces the ClvEANEST and PUREST, f 1

and in all respects the best and most ji;,;]!

desirable.-^ Send for samples'. j s

WorHipg v^&x ipto foun<l».tion | |

for c&5b i«ii'i

a specialty. Beeswax always i»"iii

WANTED at HIGHEST PRICE*. i; |

|iiiiii|

A Poll Lirj? of 5uppli«s, |i,mib

r«t».il 2kn<i wi70i9$2Ll9. { I

|i.><iia

Send at once for catalog vpith prices 1 I

and discounts. |"""|

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, On- f""!

tario. Sole Agents for Canada. | |

|iiiiii|

GUS DITTVAER, U

Augusts, Viscoosip. lil

|f|giiB{|i|!i|iJiinmiii|;iii!iiniui|iiiiif|iiiiiinb|i!i

imianiii|iiiBiii|||inB|ii|ii|iiewii

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iinitiiiiimBii

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iiiii B luumia uiiiui a luiuuB au

^iiiMJiiiii

uuiyii B wiuii aiiuuu/a wiuii a dutuii a ui

lUiiBimiuiiBU

uiiuiaiuuiiaiiuuiaiiuiiii

32

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

AVaipy Irpproveroeotj Tbis Yeair.

We have made niajiy improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies.
The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber
than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied
with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new lx)ttom board which is a combi-
nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators.
The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate-
rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly
polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles,
and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure
enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be
worked by the foot.

Tb^ Hccldor) Hive.

Another valuable adjunct to our manu-
facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not
hesitate to say that it is the best all round
hive ever put upon the market; arud we
are pleased to state that we have made
arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the end
that we can supply these hives; and the
right to use them goes with the hives.

Hooey Extrz^ctors. i

Our Honey Extractors are highly ornar
mental, better manufactured; and, while
the castings are lighter, they are more
durable than heretofore, as they are made
of superior material.

Tb^ Prosir^55iv^ B^^-K^^p^r.

Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved,
being brimfui of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land,
and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price;
only 50 cts. per year.

Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres
sive Bee-Keeper. Address

LEAHY A\fg. SO.,

Hi^cipsville, A\o.
E2>.st St. Louis, illF.

Listen ! Take

my advice

and buy your

bee supplies/

of August

Weiss; he has

tons and tons of the very finest

FOUNDAITON

ever made; and he sells it at
prices that defy co)npetition!
Working wax into foundation a
specialty. Wax wanted at 26
cents cash, or 28 cents in trade,
delivered here. Millions of
Sections — poli.shed on both
sides. Satisfaction guaranteed
on a full line of Supplies-
Send for catalogue and be your
ownju.lge. AUG. WmSS,
(rreeuville, Wisconsin.

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its column.'-
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publishei and the advertis-
er. It helps the fonner by rais-
ing his journal in the estima.
tion of the advertiser: and it en,
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when
to advertisers.

Bee -Keepers m Ho Fish-Bone

Siive money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, .'smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer A\f5. 60.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

g^i^Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

Is apparent ill combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This st^de
of foundation allows the makmg
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent;. and the
result is*a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
U. VAN DeUSEN,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

i

:^^^^g^^^^^:

34

THE BEE-KEEx-E.:S' PvEVIEW.

Miehlqai) Bee-Keepers, re/ce„f tio?

O ' cash orders dur-

ing- the month of February. We can save you freight and time on
orders. Send us a list of the goods you need, and let us quote you
prices. Jobbing agents for Tb« A. 1. Root Co. for Michigan.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.

FAMILIAR NAMES, j Honey Queens.

It will interest you to read what Mrs.
N. E. France, zvi/e of Gen' I Mgr. N. B.
K. A. and Emil Nebel, of the fi-nn John
Nebel & Son say of

YEIiLtOWZOflES

My Friend Dr. House: — Enclosed find
J5i.oo for Y Z. Please send them very
soon, and excuse us for sending so often.
Although I do not take them all myself I
can not very well get along many weeks
without them, and the children miss them
when they are feeling badly, as well as I.
Yellowzones have been of great value to
myself and family.

. Very sincerely yours,

Mrs. N. E. France.
Platteville, Wis.

Dear Doctor: — Find enclosed remit-
tance for two large boxes Yellowzones.
Have been buying them of you for 7 or 8
years and they are as effective as ever.

Yours truly,
High Hill, Mo. Emil F. Nebel.

People like the above do not send their
dollars several times a year, year after
year, for a worthless^or even an ordinary
remedy. Jok know that.

YEliLtOWZOHES

are a remedy Absolutely Unequated for
general household use. You need them
in your own house and I guarantee your
money back and Another Box if not sat-
isfied.

If you keep but One Remedy- in the
House it should be YSLLOWZONZS.

Ji.oo per box of 150 Tablets.

Tiial size 25 cents.

W. B. House, De. Tour, A\icb.

Pl9a»9 mention the Heuiew.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing business in every State
in tlie Union and in many foreign countrie.s

The demand for Laws' queens has doubled anj
previous season's sales.

I<aws' queens and bets ■\re putting up a larg«
share of the hon "y now sold

I<aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over
the world. Wliy' Because it is the best to
be had.

Remember ! That I have a larger stock than everj
that I can send you a queen any monlh id
the year and gu rantee safe delivery; that;
have many fine breeders on hand. Price
$,^00 each. Tested, each. I1.25; five for
Prices reduced after March 15. Send fo
circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas

WE PAY THE FREIGHT. THERE AR|
FIVE CONDITIONS.

River Falls, Wis., October 16, 190V
Freight charges cut quite a figure in the piii
chase of bee-hives and supplies. In view of t'
recent advances in prices, and as an inducerae
for early orders, we have decided to prepi
freight to the amount of forty cents per i
pounds on shipments requiring this amount fi
transportation. This will carry our goods
home prices as far south as Chicago Our ra
to Hinkley, Minn., 39 cts ; Crookston, Minti
cts.; Peona, 111.. 40 cts.: St I.ouis, Mo-, 42 ct
Omaha, Neb., ^t, cts.: Kansas City, 64. Our ra
to St. Paul and Minneapolis is 16 cts. per 100 1
so a forty cent freight rate would carry
goods considerably beyond these points, in ca;
where they are obliged to pass through th
points. We make some conditions, and we cai
not allow these freight allowances unless tl
customer complies with our conditions, whic
are: ist. Cash must accompany the order, m
It must be an early order — not later than Feb.
1904. 3rd. It must be at prices which we esta
lished Sept 1st, 1903 (We send them on app
cation.) 4th. The amount of the order must"
for not less than Twenty Dollars. 5th. A co)
of tnis ad. must accompany the order. Tl
usual cash discounts for early orders (5 per ce:
for November, 4 per cent for December and 3 p
cent for January) also apply. Send in yonrli
of requirements for detailed estimates.

W. H. PUTNAM,
10-03 3*^ River Falls, Wi*.

THE BEE-KEEPERvS' REVIEW. 35

PAHTEINT, BINQHAM SMOKEIRS. 24
YEARS the: BEIST. CATALOG FREIEI.
j T. F. BINGHAM, FARWEILL., MICH.

One pound, square, flint glass,

HONEY JARS

rith patent, air-tight stoppers, at f4..so per gross
Shipped from New York or from factory.
Send for catalogue to
J.H.M COCK, 7 O Cortland St., N Y. City

I Names of Bee-Keepers |

B -TYRE NA/RIT" TEN U

n m

\ The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
•nd, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at jj oo per thousand
names. The tormer price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process. I can furnish them at $2.00. A
*nanufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
foi bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly,
Sn the adjoining .States, can be accommodated,
^ere is a list of the States and the number of
^Barnes in each State.

^rizoua 46 Ky 182

iArk.... 130 Kans.. 350

^la ■ ■ 80 Ua 38

Calif... 378 Mo 500

Colo... 228 Minn.. 334

Canada 1200 Mich... 1770

Conn.. 162 Ma>s... 275

Dak.. . 25 Md 94

Del.. .. 18 Maine 270

Fla 100 Miss. . . 70

&a 90 N. Y... 1700

Ind.... 744 Neb 345

[lis.... 1375 N. J. . 130

[owa.. 800 N. H. . 158

N. C 60

New Mex. 56
Oregon . 104

130c

912

46

40

.76

270

W, Z. HUTCHINSON.

Ohio.
Penn.
R. I..
S. C. . .
Tenii .
Tex. .

Utah 68

Vt 200

Va 182

W. Va 172

Wash 128

Wis 62s

Flint. Mich.

BEE SUPPlilES

Don't wait any longer to buy.

ig discounts for orders now.

Write today and say what you want
md get our prices. Sixth annual catalog
irill soon be out. We al.so handle the

.mous Hoosier Incubators and
Brooders.
\ C. M. SCOTT & CO.

UDepl. B. 1004 E. Wash. St
■6t INDIANA POI.IS, IND.

Root's Goods at Root's Prices.

Choice White Wyandoles and Barred
Rocks. Best strain Italian queens. Send
for circular

J. F. MICHAEL,
i-04-tf R F D I. Winchester, Ind.

^ ^"^ y"^ sheets of letter paper,
I ■ ■■ I 6x9 inches in size, of
I ^ m^ W the heaviest, finest qual-
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100

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12-03-tf lifiriSlfiO, J«ICH.

36

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Winter Losses.

Are not always the result of the same cause. They may
come from starvation; from poor food; frojn improper prep-
arations; from imperfect protection; from a cold, wet, or
possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar, etc., etc. Successful win-
tering comes from a proper combination of different con^
ditions. For cleac, concise, comprehensive conclusions upon
these all-important points, consult

ii

Advanced Bee Culture*

ft

rJ] Five of its thirty-two chapters treat as many different phases

l*^ of the wintering problem.

53 Price of book, 50 cts.; the REVIEW one year and

§^ the book for ^\,25, Stamps taken either U, S. or Can.

^ W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich ^

jR^ake Youp O^A^n Hives.

3ee ^ Keepers

Will save money by
usinj^ our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making'
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Raby St.,

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7 -o2-a4t

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A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z. flUTCHlNSOK, Editor and ProDrietoi,

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, FEB. 10, 1904. NO. 2.

aiiaM®inm©init ©f ©^t^A-plarfes foT

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

T N the production of honey for profit,
J- it is essential to do all the necessary
manipulations in season, and a good,
practical system that does away with
all unnecessary labor must be adopted.
I can remember well when it cost me
at least four times as much to produce
a pound of honey as it does today; and
I have reason to believe there are
many bee-keepers working- the old in-
te7ise system, who are not getting the
results the3'^ could by keeping more
bees, scattering them over the country
in yards of, say 100 colonies, or enough
in a place to gather what hone3' the
location will supply, adopting a sj's-
tem in which every turn brings in cash,
stoppingy«55/;?;?' with bees, adopting
modern methods, and discarding the
old, out-of-date implements, for the
up-to-date, labor-saving kind.

TEN-FRAME, I.ANGSTROTH HIVES THE

MOST DESIRABLE IN PRODUCING

EXTRACTED HONEY.

After a long experience with several
styles and sizes of hives, from an eight-

frame Langstroth to a ten-frame Quin-
by, I have decided on the ten-frame
Langstroth as the best style and size
for my system and location. A colony
in a small hive, like the eight-frame
Langstroth, needs more care than a
larger size. Such colonies are more
likely to be short of honey in the fall,
thus making more work to prepare
them for winter. They are also more
likely to get out of stores during the
breeding season of April and May,
and need spring care, (a procedure of
which my system will not admit) with
no corresponding gain in surplus; but
the main reason for my preference is
that the ten-frame size is much less
liable to send out swarms than is the
smaller size, and this is a most impor-
tant point in the management of out-
yards, where no one is present to hive
swarms. Let me repeat: Whatever
style of hive you adopt, do not make it
of less capacity than 1400 square inches
of comb-surface for the brood-nest.
For the production of extracted honey
in out-yards, I have been, for the past

is

THE BEE-KEEPERS' KEVIEW.

15 years, trying-fifty, ten-frame, Quinby,
chaff-hives. On account of the poor
wintering of colonies in such large
hives, here in this cold climate, they
have not done so well as the ten-frame
Langstroth. They have one advantag^e,
however, in that they rarely have to be
fed. If I were located two or three
hundred miles south of here, where
bees winter better in chaff, perhaps
the result would be different. Such a
large hive is also better adapted to the
location where there is a long-, continu-
ous flow of honey, than it is here where
we have an earl_y, short season.

PLENTY OF ROOM PREVENTS SWARMing".

The prevention of swarming in the
production of extracted honey is not a
very difficult matter; as the putting on
of upper stories not only keeps down
swarming, but secures the crop, all in
one operation. It all hinges on the
ofie essential, large hives. Of course
I keep the entrance wide open during
the warm season, and if the bees still
show signs of being crowded, by hang-
ing out during the heat of the day, I
raise up the back end of the cover, and
this gives such a draft through the
hive that thej'' will usually go in.
Don't let j'our bees hang out during
the honey season; after the season
closes, and there is nothing for them to
do, they will usually cluster on the
outside of the hive in large quantities,
if the weather still keeps warm, but,
as the swarming season closes w^ith
the honey season, there will be no
swarming. I told 3'ou above that large
hives were essential in preventing
swarming, or, in other words, plenty
of comb-space must at all times be
available for the bees to store their
honey. This condition is secured with
a ten-frame upper story, filled with
eight combs of the Langstroth size.

HOW TO RUN AN APIARY WITH
INEXPERIENCED HELP.

We will suppose it is now the fore
part of June; the weather is getting

hot, but the season is not open yet;
some of the colonies are showing signs
of becoming strong, and we do not
want them to get the swarming-fever,
and, as a prevention, we will put
upper stories of combs on all such col-
onies. The rest of the colonies can go
without upper stories until the season
opens; when all that are strong enough
to go above are given one upper story
each. In this way, we visit each yard
about once a week, seeing that every
colony has empty combs at all limes.
As upper stories fill up, I add more on
top. As we have no basswood here,
140 sets of empty combs, at each yard,
will usually hold the clover crop.
The having of enough upper stories
full of combs to hold the crop, or nearly
so, is one of the essentials in my sj'stem
of producing honey. It not only gives
me unlimited time to do my extract-
ing, after the season closes, but does
away with so much costly and experi-
enced help — the kind that is so hard to
get. I aim to have one experienced
hand with two assistants, and do the
work in a longer lime., rather than use
less combs and hire more experienced
help to do the work during the honey
season. Then, I like to leave the hon-
ey on the hives a week or so after the
season closes, or until it is thoroughly
ripe, before extracting. In case we
have a heavy flow of honey, so that we
need more room than is furnished by
our 140 sets of combs, we extract from
the heaviest; always selecting colonies
that have on two upper stories, leaving
the light ones, that have the unripe
honey, for some future extracting. In
this way we get our crop all in line
shape for the market, and secure the
kind of hone)' that makes customers
ask for more "Just like the last."

KEEPING CLOVER HONEY SEPARATE
FROM BASSWOOD.

My Clinton County yard is located
in a very fertile part of the County,
and the farmers raise large quantities

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

i^

of Alsike clover for seed. Thej' have
also been long-sighted enough, the
most of them, to leave a good sized
wood-lot, containing a good many
basswood trees; so that, about every
other 3'ear, I get a crop of basswood
honey at that yard. Now, I have cus-
tomers who will give a cent a pound
more for clear clover honey than thej'
will for that that has basswood mixed
with it, so this yard is usually ex-
tracted just before the basswood opens,
about the first of July, when the upper
stories are put back for the basswood
crop, and are treated the same as I
have explained above, where we have
only the one kind to handle. This
clover honey, extracted during the
honey flow, is never quite as good body
and flavor as that left on the hive a
week or two after the flow stops; but,
as the politician would saj', "I'm in
the hands of in}' friends," so if they
want it this way, and are willing to
pay a difPerence in price for the clear
clover, I, of course, keep it separate;
as the difference in price more than
pays for the extra extracting.

While on the subject of extracting
during the honey flow let me give a little
kink that I never saw in print. You
know bees, during the night, evaporate
nearly all the water out of the honey
gathered the previous day, now, all
the honey you can take off in the morn-
ing, before any new is stored, will be
much better than it will be if left until
later in the day, when the raw, thin
honey will be mixed with it.

This is my system of working in an
ordinary season; but there are seasons
when hone3' is so thick and nice when
first gathered that it is in condition to
extract almost as soon as the bees
store it in their combs; and then there
are other seasons, like the last two,
for instance, when the honey is never
thoroughly ripened, no matter how
long left on the hives. This last con-
dition is hard to explain; in fact, I
have never been able to wholly over-
come this obstacle. In some future
article, under the head of handling
the crop, I will tell how '\t\& partly
overcome.

Remus, Mich., Dec, 26, 1903.

im^

.©r

BY M. P. CADY.

(3' HALL bee-keepers manufacture
^ their own hives, or buy them at
the greatly increased prices from the
supply dealers? This seems to be the
question agitating Beedom just now.
Having had some experience in both
methods of procedure, I am prompted
to write this article, in the hope that
it will, in some degree, contribute to
the best interests of the bee-keeper.

To begin with, there are two general
classes into which those engaged in
bee-keeping may be roughly grouped:

First, those who make the business
their vocation — in a word, specialists.

Second, those who keep a few colo-
nies for any secondary consideration;
e. g. , recreation, supply of honey for
family use, to help piece out a small
income, etc.

From the character of the articles
published in the Review, I infer that
its members are mainly of the special-
ist group, and so will only say in re-
ference to the second group that,
unless the bee-keeper chances to
be a skilled mechanic, who
has plenty of time to devote to the
pleasurable task of making better hives
than can be bought of any supply deal-

40

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

er, it will probably be far more satis-
factory and cheaper, on the whole, for
hi;n to buy his supplies from some re-
sponsible suppl3'-house. Too often, he
d(,)es not know what he wants, and is
g-uided in his selection by the opinion
of others, and would not be able to ex-
ercise any competent supervision over
the mechanic employed to do the work
at home. As a result, his supplies
will probably be a bungling- botch.

For the specialist the case is differ-
ent. Throug-h costly experience, he
has learned that success depends upon
his own peculiar skill, g-ood pasturag^e,
and plenty of bees, rather than upon the
complicated hives and super apparatus
exploited by the supply-inen, seeming-
ly devised for the express purpose of
cornering the market by the introduc-
tion of appliances so complicated that
it is impossible for them to be con-
structed outside of a large factory,
supplied with special machiner.v.

A BE]>KEEPER CAN GET HIVKS MAUK

ACCURATELY IF HE WILL BOSS

THE JOB.

Thiee j'ears ago I began the manu-
facture of mjr hives, using onij^ hand-
work. I emplov'ed a good carpenter
by the day, explained the details of
construction to him fully, and then
bossed the job. At first it was necessary
to remind him, now^ and then, that a
sixt enth of an inch made the differ-
ence between right and ivrong, and
that in hive-construction everything
must be right. However, he soon
learned just what I wanted, and has
has since made 120, ten-frame, Lang--
stroth hives for me, which are equal
in workmanship and finish to those made
b}' any supplj^ dealer at anj- price -
they are simply perfect in construc-
tion.

In the matter of cost, the saving has
been considerable. Although I have,
so far, boug-ht the brood-frames from
a supply dealer, which has increased
the cost somewhat, the ten-frame hives,
nailed up ready for painting have cost

only about 85 cts. each, not including
any surplus apparatus. So well am I
pleased with results, that I expect to
have 10(1, three-story hives made the
present season, and estimate a saving
of over S150 on the lot. My man has
now a steam-jiower plant with a circu-
lar saw, and will cut the frames for
about 50 cts. per hundred. As the
brood-frame is the part of the hi\e re-
quiring- the greatest exactness, I
should prefer to purchase them from
a supply-house, rather than to take the
risk oi losing some lumber in the ex-
perimental stage of manufacture, but
the sharp advance in prices has caused
me to decide to ha\e them made as be-
ft)re stated. I am confident that the
cost of plain Langstroth frames, with
top-bar % inch square, will not exceed
$1.00 p.ir hundred. As this will make
a saving of S27, besides the freight, on
the frames alone, I feel that I can well
afford to take the risk.

As to a buzz saw for my own use, I
think too inuch of my fing-ers to ever
rim the risk (jf losing' theni in playing
with the uncertain thing", and would
advise any bee-keeper who ma}' be
thinking of buying- one, to take an in-
ventory of his fingers at their cash
value, and see if he can afford to lose
two or three of them, before deciding
t J risk them in the vicinity of a buzz
saw. The famous advice, "Don't
monkey with the buzz saw," is well
worth considering- in this instance.

HIVES MAY BE MADE AT HOME IF COM-
PLICATED FIXINGS .\KE AVOIDED.

It seems to me that the plan I have
outlined is one that is worth the con-
sideration of the practical bee-keeper.
True, we have been told that the aver-
age carpenter cannot make hives that
are accurate. Try it. The experi-
ment costs but little to tr}'. The great-
est drawback to success is the com-
plicated hives, and, especially, the
abominable Hoffman frames, which
have been so widely distributed through
the country for the last few v-ears.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

41

that every bee-keeper is likely to have
some of them in his stock. These can-
not be made in the vi^ay sug'g-ested in
this article. The bee-keeper deciding
to use other than plain, simple appara-
tus must ever be at the mercj^ of the
manufacturer.

As remarked at the outset, these sug^-
gestions are intended for the consider-
ation of the specialist, the man w'ho is
thoroughly alive to liis own business
interests. One caution is essential:
Do not try to do this work unless you
know ivhat you want, hozv you want it,
and why you want it; especially if you
employ a man to do the work for you.

The employer must be master of the
situation. He must know about the
kind of lumber he wishes to use, how
he can use an ordinary grade success-
full}", by putting each piece where it
will do the best service — in a word, he
must understand his business.

There are many localities, remote
from a good lumber-supply, where it
will iilso be impracticable for the local
manufacture of hives, but throughout
the great middle West, the plan is en-
tirely feasible, and its adoption will
save thousands of dollars to the prac-
tical honey producers of these States.
BiRNAMWOOD, Wis., Jan. 18, 1904.

^^(celleimt Adlvlce t© MsiSleirs ©/

InI©inm©°Madl<

Mlve^

BY ADRIAN GETAZ.

rr/HE recent

tt=pb

editorials on the hive-
making subject have struck a ten-
der chord in my heart, or rather in my
brain. If there is a man, or a crank,
especially inclined to "monkej'" with
all sorts of wood-work, blacksmithing,
tin-work, etc., I am the one.

GETTING THE EDITOR IN A CORNER.

Dear "W. Z.," please don't get mad
if I poke a little bit of fun at you.
Here you have been preaching all this
time, that every bee-keeper ought to
attend to his business exclusively, keep
more bees, specialize, etc., and here
you are, bee-keeper, editor, publisher,
job printer, photographer, contributor
to several magazines, foul-brood in-
spector, and I don't know how manj'
more things, yet 3'ou tell us to make
our own hives and appliances our-
selves, and then declare that you have
come to the conclusion that it does not
pay to make what you can buy or hire
done. How are you going to lix that
up?

And yet, after all, the contradiction
is only apparent. What one does must
be well and thoroughlj' done, otherwise
it will surelj' end in financial loss and
vexation of spirit. But if the work is
such as can be well carried out, with-
out occupying all your time, there is
no reason why something else could
not be also undertaken. If a man can
make $5.00 per day, photographing,
or writing for the Country Gentleman,
he has no business to waste a day
making a hive that he could buy for
$1.50. But the majority of bee-keepers
are not in a situation to make $5.00
a day, any and everj' day in the .year,
b}"^ any means.

REPAIRING THINGS AT HOME.

A large number of the Review read-
ers are farmers as well as bee-keepers ;
I have always claimed, and do claim
yet, that every farmer should have the
necessary tools and appliances to do
all his blacksmithing, also for repair-
ing and mending his harness. If some-

42

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

thing breaks down, the farmer who
depends on the blacksmith, will have
to take his horse and wagon and go to
the shop, perhaps three or four miles
away, wait until his turn comies, per-
haps spending a whole day, or half a
day, to get a piece of repairing done,
that he could have made himself in
half an hour had he had the tools and
known how to use them; not speaking
of the money spent. And there are the
rainy and winter days, during which
everything that is shaky can be fixed
without waiting for an actual break-
down, which alwaj^s takes place at
the most important time.

What is made for sale must be well
finished, but what is tnade for home-
use does not need so inuch work spent
upon the finish; in fact, the time spent
in giving the work a iine appearance
is just that much loss. But the work-
ing parts must work satisfactorily.
You won't put up with a set-screw that
won't sta3^ set, as did a friend of mine
some 3'ears ago.

Perhaps the best illustration of that
principle that I ever met was at a saw
mill across which I came during a trip
through the country. Through some
defect, the pitmam had broken, the
next town was forty or fifty miles
away, and the work pressing. A piece
of dry, rough hickory had been select-
ed, and a pitman made out of it. The
parts fitting in the collars at both ends
were as accuratel}' made as could be
desired; but. the rest of the piece was
just as the hatchet had left it, includ-
ing a few specks of bark.

SOME EXCELLENT HINTS TO THOSE
WHO MAKE THEIR OWN HIVES.

There is nothing hard in that, in
spite of all the manufacturers tell us.
Before ordering a large amount of
lumber, try one or two hives at first.
Then when you know exactly what
you want, place your order. It is far
easier to make a mistake in the sizes
wanted than 3''ou have any idea until
you try. The pieces for the hives,

supers, etc., should be ordered ready
to make. If a box factory is available,
order tliere in preference. Their men
are used to accurate cutting. The
planing mills and door and sash fac-
tories depend on the finishing machines
to give their work the final shape and
size, hence they are in the habit of cut-
ting the lumber only approximately.
An error of yi of an inch or more en-
titles you to refuse the work.

A slight variation in the width and
depth of the hives is immaterial, pro-
vided, of course, that the frames do
not coiTie too close to the bottom of the
hive. The important point is the in-
side length from front to back. This
must be accurate, or the frames will
not fit. The two end-pieces should
come between the sides, and, if neces-
sary, placed a little in or out to secure
exact length. The supers are con-
structed in ii similar way.

MAKING FRAMES BY HAND.

The lumber for the frames should be
bought in long strips; simply ripped
out of some boards. This is much
cheaper, and just as good. Strips
dressed on four sides cost not less than
a cent per lineal foot; often more.
Thej" should be cut of proper lengths,
b}'^ hand, to secure the exact lengths,
and, also, to save the cost. Cutting
small pieces by machinery, in a shop,
costs too much. It is charged at the
rate of 50 to 60 cents an hour, and
takes as much time as if done by hand.

Provide a mitre-box; fix it at the
end of a bench; adjust a stop at the
the proper distance; take a few strips
at a time ; put them in the mitre-box ;
push them till they reach the stop;
saw, push them again; saw again, and
so on. In less than an hour, you will
cut enough pieces for a hundred
frames, or more.

The top and bottom pieces, cut
square, should come between the end-
pieces. It is necessary to make the
frames of exact size; that is, so far as
the inside dimensions are concerned.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

43

The}^ should be hung by nails eis de-
scribed in a former issue of the Re-
view. But the nails there mentioned
are too small; 8-penny Mnishing- should
be used. A larg-e nail is apt to split
the wood if no precaution is used. All
tliat is necessary is to clamp the pieces
is a hand vice. The pressure will
pre\ent the splitting- of the pieces while
being- nailed. The nails rest on the
tin rabbets. Or, instead of a tin rab-
bet, a strip of tin nailed to the inside
of the hive. It is best to cut a slig-ht
notch at each place where the nails are
to rest. This will secure well-spaced
distances, hold the frames in place,
and yet permit the apiarist to push
them apart when he desires to do so.
In fact, it secures the advantages of
both loose and fixed frames. When
the idea of cutting these notches occur-
red to me, I thought myself quite an
inventor, but soon found out that others
had preceded me.

WIRING.

The wires should be close enough
together to prevent any serious buck-
ling or stretching. Not less than two
inches apart, anyway. There is no
need of fastening the foundation to the
top bar. All that is necessary is to
place the top wire near the top-bar,
say J4 of an inch, or even less. I have
a machine of my invention with which
I can wire my frames very rapidly,
but it could not be described without
figures.

A French paper states that buckling
of foundjition is due to the fact that the
foundation is put in at a comparatively
low temperature, and that the buckling
is the result of the expansion of the
wax due to the high temperature of the
hive. He claims that when the wiring
is done in a very warm room, with the
wax nearly fully expanded, there will
be no subsequent buckling. I have not
tried that plan yet, but will do so at
the first opportunity.

Nearly all bee-keepers have but
little to do in winter time. When

nothing else can be done, profitably,
everything saved by making hives or
other necessary' appliances is that
much clear gain. And there is some-
thing else; there is the pleasure and
interest j'ou take in planning and ex-
perimenting. Don't think you will
succeed at once. Every time you under-
take something new, woodwork, black-
smith work, tin work (especially the
latter), you will make mistakes. You
have to learn, just as every bodj' else
does. But don't be discouraged. Try
again, and again, and again. The
greater the difficulties the greater will
be the satisfaction when at last suc-
cess comes. Carefulness and perse-
verance will make up what you may
lack in natural gi'fts. Until you have
experienced it, 3'ou have no idea of the
intense satisfaction, the pleasure, the
triumph that will come to you, when,
after vanquishing numerous difili-
culties, you finally succeed. And there
is profit, also. I made my own ex-
tractor. The materials cost only a
little more than a dollar, and yet the
instrument is as large and as good as
those sold for $12.00 or $13.00.

Knoxville, Tenn., Jan. 18, 1904.

[When a man puts up an argument
against me, when he "puts me in a
hole," or it looks as though he had,
tlien I delight in publishing- what he
says. It is a pleasure to answer arg-
ument with argument, or else "own
up." I have a great number of excel-
lent articles on hive-making, but the
way in which the foregoing starts out
is one reason why I made a place for
it. I am just as much a believer in
specialty as I ever was, but I never
believed, nor argued, that a man
should never so much as lay his hand
to more than one thing. A man should
take some one business, and make
that his leading business, but there
may be several other minor side-lines
that are tributary. Suppose a man's
main business is that of producing

44

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

apples, he mig-ht profitably keep a few
colonies of bees for their value in fer-
tilizing the blossoms; and he might
also find it to an advantage to keep a
few hogs to pick up the windfalls. I
once attended a National convention of
photographers, and one of the "dem-
onstrators" illustrated and explained
how to make large wooden trays, and
line them with enameled cloth, or rubber
cloth, for use in toning large photo-
graphs. This was one of the first
things he had learned when he was
apprenticed to a photographer down
in Indiana. When set to do this work,
as an apprentice, he objected. He did
not come to learn how to make trays,
but to make photographs. "Part of the
business;" "part of the business;"
said the old photographer, and the boy
had to submit, much to his future ben-
efit. I sometimes think, with the old
photographer, that hive-making is
"part of the business."

It is true that I have been all that
Bro. Getaz says I have, and some
things he has left out; in fact, it has
been one of my besetting sins, to wish
to dabble in many things; and, of late
years, I have found it necessary to
fight against it with all of my might.
First and foremost, for 16 years, I
have been editor of the Review. Other
things have claimed my attention, but
they have all led to one thing — the Re-
view. Many is the thing, too, that I
have dropped in those 16 years. I
tried making a garden — it was cheaper
to buy my vegetables of the man who
raised them by the acre. I tried keep-
ing poultry. I had to keep the fowls
confined, and buy everj'thing they ate,
and it cost more than it came to. I
kept bees, and went to fairs, and found
it profitable. The money so obtained
was needed to keep the Review going
while it was in its infancy. It has
grown until it is more profitable to
spend my time on the Review rather
than with bees or going to fairs, and
both have been dropped. I have also

lately dropped the queen trade for
similar reasons. When I accepted the
office of State Inspector of Apiaries,
the salary was not so attractive to me
as the prospects for experience that
would make the Review more valuable.
Don't you see that all of these things
led to ojie thing — the making of the Re-
view? Photography is my one play-
thing. To be sure, it has helped, and
helped wonderfully, in the success of
the Review, but it can be laid aside or
taken up at pleasure, and is followed
mainly for the enjoyment that I get
out of it. Oh yes, and there is the job
printing. To be sure, I still advertise
to do such work, but it is not done
with my own hands. It is turned over
to the firm of which my son-in-law is a
member. Of course, I hold myself re-
sponsible for any work I accept, and
have my say as to how it shall be done,
but I do none of the actual work. Mr.
Hartshorn has worked with me so
long, that he knows just about what I
would do with a certain job. You will
notice that when I had some hives
made, I did not do the work myself,
because there was other work at which
I could make more money than I would
have to pay the man who did the hive-
making. When I come home from one
of the large conventions, and have
some 200, 8x10 group pictures to make,
I don't do the work myself, but turn it
over to some one of our local photog-
raphers who, with his special arrange-
ments, can do the work cheaper than I
can, with all of the other work on my
hands. As I wrote some time ago, I
have found that it does not pay me to do
much work that I can hire done. In
other words, the work that I can't hire
done has accumulated to such an ex-
tent that it pays me to hire everything
done that I can. But, as Bro. Getaz
well saj^s, many bee-keepers are not
situated as I am. They have leisure
on their hands during the winter-
months, and it is then that it pays
them to use their leisure in hive-mak-

THE BEE-KEEP{)i?S' REVIEW.

45

ing*. I have seen the time when it paid
me, and paid me well.

Editor of the Review, and Inspector
of Apiaries, are about all of the titles
that can now be laid at my door. How
long" I shall retain the latter is some-
what doubtful. As long as I do re-
tain it, I shall do m^' duty to the best
of my ability, but as the Review grows
and grows, and claims more and more
of my time, it is likely that the time
will eventually come when I will find
it best to turn over the Inspectorship
to some other man. First and fore-

most, I am editor of the Review, and I
allow nothing to come between me and
that work.

While I would not advise a farmer
to get tools and learn how to shoe his
horses, nor to make their harness, I
agree with friend Getaz that it is well
to be able to mend a strap, or weld a
link in a broken chain, instead of mak-
ing a trip to town while everything
else waits. The advice to make a few
hives at first, to "see how it goes," is
also excellent. — Ed. Review.]

BY W. W. CRIMS.

T HAVE had about 17 years of exper-
J- ience in running planing mill ma-
chinery, and overseeing the work
around such mills, and I will say to
the man wanting good hives, don't
dump an order for 100 hives on the
planing mill man, with a sample hive,
expecting him to take measures, and
count pieces, and get out good hives.
Do not have hives cut out at a planing
mill unless 3'ou know that the man who
is to do the work is competent; and
then you better stay right with him
yourself.

HAVE A SAMPLE HIVE, MAKE OUT AN

ACCURATE LIST OF PIECES WANTED,

THEN STAY BY AND SEE THEM

CUT OUT.

First, send to the hive factory and
get a sample of the hive you want made;
or make it by hand yourself. If you
cannot make one by hand, you will
never succeed with 100 by machinery;
and you Dinst know that it is right —
every piece. Decide the number of hives
you want made, put down on paper
the number and size of all the pieces.

then go to the mill and see that each
piece is cut exact length, thickness
and width; each rabbet cut proper
width and depth. Never make a hive,
or any other box for out doors, with
only a plain square joint; it cannot be
nailed up sti^ong enough.

MANY WORKMEN ARE "'SLACK" AND
CARELESS.

Do not say "that is near enough."
Exact is what you want. I do not
care to brag on my work; I am not
making hives to sell; but do not believe
there can be found a miss of 1-16 of an
inch in all the pieces I have gotten out
for 500 hive bodies, 1,000 supers, 5,000
frames, bottoms and covers. Any
mechanic can do the same with experi-
ence, the right kind of machinery, and
an effort to do his work right. I
could not trust a man I had in the mill
to do this work, and I had some that
had been in the business longer than
I had, but they had never taken any
more interest in the work than just to
szvap tefi hours of time for $1.50. They
moved the lumber from one mill to the
other, and I did the cutting and sizing.

46

I'ttE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

The reason there are so many bad
hives made at planing mills, is that
the planing mill man is but little in-
terested in this kind of work, and
loses but little or nothing if it is not
properly done, while he is almost
always short of time to do the work
justice.

WIND-POWER, FOOT-POWER, OR HOR.SK-

POWER LACKING IN STRENGTH

AND STEADINESS.

As to the foot-power, hand-power,
wind- and liorse-power hive machines.

I would just as soon try to look fiappy
(for Hutchinson to talie a picture) sit-
ting on a hive of Cyprian bees, with a
mule just read\' to get in his work
(with his head the other way) as to
have a job of hive-making on any of
these machines, and try to enjoy it.
It takes a strong, steady power, with
the saw running at the proper, un-
varj'ing speed, to do good, even, smooth
work. Then the stuff must be fed to
the saw just right.

Pekin, Ind., Jan. 25, 1904.

y»U»^trk^»^li*li^V»,^»i»^L»^»,^l,^li,»^^,^-,»^»^^j^r»^^^^,^^ji^«^^^»^^^»^i^.^.,.,^j^j^^,j^^^^ji^jij,-^^;r,;i»^»»»^^»,^i^i^i^«

i^^M^rf^l^*^J(^rf*.*^*"^^^^l*'«ir^rf^*'*jr^««J^**J^«itf^ir^^*J<'*«*.B^**^«B««'««-"^T^rf1^^*B^*^.^R*'*tfH^^rfm^«B^i***^«tf*^^*T(^»»R^^rfK-^i

Toronto is the place where the
Canadians will hold their next annual
convention.

Protect your home market by not
retailing honey for less than your
dealer sells it.

Mr. France writes me that the prices
that he gave on tin honey packages, in
the annual report of the Nationjil As-
sociation, have been withdrawn.

The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will hold its
annual convention March 30th iind
31st., at the Montague Hall, 127 Front
St., Traverse City, Mich. A. I. Root
and the editor of the Review are expect-
ed to be present.

Mr. W. F. Marks, of Chapinville,
N. Y., has been re-elected, for the
seventh time, as President of the New
York, State Association of Bee-Keep-
ers' Societies. He has also been re-
elected as chairman of the Board of
Directors of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association. Every Director, with
one exception, sent in his vote, and

the only vote not for Mr. Marks, was
tiiat of his own.

Sele-Reliance. thinking for one's
self, are things tliat the Review has
repeatedly urged upon its readers,
but Printer's Ink, in a recent issue,
puts the matter so neatly' that I feel
that I must cop3'' it. It sa3's:

"The advice of friends is a good
thing to listen to in matters of busi-
ness, but it is a ver}^ sorry prop for
one's support. 'Each man builds his
own house and lives in it. ' Success
comes of self-reliance. No two friends
will advise precisely alike as touch-
ing any one tiling. He succeeds best
who with ax in hand cuts his own
way."

R. F. Holtermann, of Brantford,
Canada, lias written quite a little for
the press, but, of all the things he has
ever written, I never felt like sjiying
amen so heartily as I do to the follow-
ing that he wrote in an article for the
Canadian Bee Journal. Among other
things, he says:

"A good deal of nonsense passes as
sound reasoning, and I often think
how rare a thing it is to find a man or
a woman who will stick to sound,
solid reasoning, and who will, in a
reasonable way, stick to the point at

"rtfE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

4t

issue until they are either victors or
vanquished. "

Good for you Holtermarin. We may
not ag-ree on all things, but we do on
the foresfoing-.

vn-M^U**'""!!^

One Thousand Colonies in one
apiarj' is what Mr. E. W. Alexander,
of Delanson, N. Y., proposes to try
the coming season. For a series of
years he has been getting good results
from a large number of colonies in a
single apiary. Last year he had 700
colonies in one j^ard, and secured from
100 to 150 pounds of extracted, buck-
wheat honey per colony. He admits
that his locality may be exceptional,
and every bee-keeper with whom I
have talked feels sure that it is. The
outcome of this experiment will be
watched with great interest.

Sugar, by the hundreds of barrels,
has been fed at a profit to the bees in
the spring by Mr. E. W. Alexander,
of Delanson. N. Y. Under the back
end of each hive he has a feeder, made
like the Simplicity feeder from a piece
of plank. One end projects a few
inches beyond the side of the hive, and
is covered with a piece of block. To
feed, the block is removed, the feed
poured into the feeder, and the block
replaced. A little feeding during a
temporary break in the honey flow will
not only prevent the destruction of
brood that would otherwise occur, but
avoid any slacking up in brood rear-
ing. As a result, the colonies come
up to the harvest with combs full of
brood instead of emptiness.

Insurance is something that ever_y
man should keep upon his property and
his life. The mere pittance paid each
year is no more than one would
give to a man who had suffered a
loss by fire, or to a widow and her
family in need. It is much easier to
spare these few dollars each year, than
to bear up, unaided, under the loss of

many years of toil — swept away in a
few short minutes. Every little while
there comes to me a letter, or I see the
account in the journals, telling of the
loss by fire of some bee-keeper's home
or honey-house, with "no insurance. "
To leave buildings uninsured, or to
neglect to insure one's life when there
is a dependent family, seems to me lit-
tle less than criminal carelessness.

One thing more, take all possible
precaution to prevent fires, and make
all possible arrangement to extinguish
them when they first start. Be sure
that all stove pipes, flues and chimneys
are absotutely safe. So often do we see
a fire attributed to a defective chimney.
Keep matches in a safe place. Store
ashes so far from the house that there
will be no danger. Have handy a lad-
der that will reach to the top of your
home. See that there is an abundant
water-supply, and plenty of pails —
and a Whitman fountain pump would
be a good thing to have. Yes, and a
fire extinsuisher of the Babcock type
would be excellent. It has a strap bj'
means of which it may be carried over
the shoulder, and a simple turn of a
handle mixes the chemicals, generat-
ing a gas that creates a pressure that
will throw the two pails of water and
gas with great force, while the little
hose and nozzle enables the operator to
direct the stream where it will do the
most good. Mr. H. R. Boardman
keeps one of these standing on a shelf
in his dining room all ready for in-
stant use. To be of any use, these
things must be all in readiness when
the fire breaks out.

»^u»u>^'*»^t»

THE international BEE AND HONEY
INSPECTORS' ASSOCIATION.

At the late meeting of the New York
State Bee-Keepers' Association, held
in Syracuse, there were present six
inspectors of apiaries, the four from
New York, and the inspectors from
Wisconsin and Michigan, and they

48

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

met in the parlor of the Empire hotel
and formed themselves into an associ-
ation with the name that stands at the
head of this article. There are many
thing's upon which it would be desir-
able to meet and compare notes. There
should be uniformity reg"arding- des-
cription, definition, methods, etc. By
meeting- and comparing' samples of dis-
eased brood, each member can learn
exactly what the other members reg^ard
as this or that disease. For instance,
I have never seen black brood, but if I
can see specimens, but recentl}' from
the hives, and have the peculiarities
pointed out by an expert, I will then
be able to detect the disease should I
find it in my own State. Arrang-e-
ments have been made to meet at Buf-
falo early in June, when it is expected
that Mr. McEvoy, of Ontario, can be
present. If there are any other in-
spectors who can be present, they will
be more than welcome. Mr. N. E.
Prance was elected President, and
Charles Stewart, of Sammonsville, N.
Y. was made Secretary.

«^«^*«^«*»«^

WHICH IS THE MORE PROFITABLE TO
PRODUCE. COMB, OR EXTRACT-
ED HONEY?

A subscriber writes me as follows:
— "With your present knowledge of
bee-keeping, if you were to start anew
in the production of honej', which
would you produce, comb or extracted
honey?"

This is largely a question of lo-
cality-. Where the main honey-flow is
short, as it is from basswood, there is
not time for the bees to build comb in
the sections, fill them, and cap them
over, before the harvest is over and
past. This is the case in manj^
parts of Wisconsin. Where the honey
must be shipped a long distance to
market, as is the ciise in Cuba or Cal-
ifornia, one very important reason for
producing- extracted honey is that there
is so much less dang-er of damage in

shipment. Dark honey is also much
more salable in the extracted form.
Where the flow is light but constant,
and of long- duration, as in Colorado,
and the honey is white, comb honey
has its advantages, as honey is worth
i"nore when stored in sections than
when taken in the extracted form. The
time was when producing- honey in
the extracted form g-ave greater op-
portunities for controlling- swarming,
but the introduction of shook-swarm-
ing- has robbed the extracted method
of that advantage. Comb honey pro-
duction allows most of the work to be
done in-doors, in a leisurely manner —
extracted honey production calls for
hustle out in the hot sun. Which kind
of honej' I should produce would de-
pend upon the locality, as I explained
at the outset.

The present high prices of sections
and foundation will have a tendency to
drive bee-keepers into the production
of extracted honey, as I learn by my
correspondence.

■»^«^*«i«j«»

MICHIGAN, STATE, BEE-KEEPERS
CONVENTION.

Michigan bee-keepers will hold their
annual convention, Feb. 25th and 26th,
in the chapel at the Agricultural Col-
lege, near Lansing-. The State Dairj'-
men will hold their annual convention
at the same place Feb. 23rd, 24th and
25th, their last session ending- at noon
on the 25th, and the bee-keepers hold-
ing their first session on the afternoon
of the same day. The Farmers' Insti-
tutes will hold their "round-up" Insti-
tute at the Agricultural Colleg-e from
Feb. 23rd to 25th, inclusive, and on
Friday afternoon the bee-keepers will
meet with them in joint session, when
the Hon. C. B. CoUingwood will g-ive
a talk on "Farm-Law," in which he
will include the "Rights of Bees."
Prof. Hedrick, of the College will give
a talk on "Bees and their Relation to
Fruit-Growing, " considering their

THE BEE-KEEPfiRS' REVIEM^

4')

value in cross-fertilizing' the flowers,
and the injury they may do in convej'-
ing- destructive diseases and insects,
such as the San Jose scale, as well as
the damage done by bees to fruits, etc.
This will be something along the same
line as the talk given by Prof. Waite
at Buffalo, in 1901. Ernest Root has
promised to be witli us, and, taking it
all in all, it promises to be a most
interesting meeting.

On account of the "round-up" Insti-
tute, half-fare will be given on all
Michigan railroads. Dinner and sup-
per may be secured at the College, but
visitors will have to go to Lansing for
their lodging and breakfast. The dis-
tance, however, is onU' four miles, and
the fare only five cents. Headquarters
for bee-keepers at Lansing will be at the
Wentworth hotel, where excellent fare
may be secured at $1.50 a daj-.

•*i.F*^^^^*»^*«

HOW TO TELL, WITHOUT OPENING THE

HIVE, WHEN A COLONY WILL

SWARM.

One improvement nearly always
leads to, or calls for, another. The
establishment of out-apiaries called
for some method of controlling swarm-
ing. Shook-swarming has come in re-
sponse to this demand. If we knew
that a colony would not swarm, we
would not shake it. We do not wish
to shake a colony until it has made
preparations for swarming — that is the
time, the most desirable time, for shak-
ing. Consequently the first step, upon
reaching an apiary managed on the
shook-swarming plan, is to examine
each colony and see which ones have
made preparations for swarming.
This is considerable work; supers
must be lifted off, brood combs lifted
out and examined to see if queen cells
have been started, then the supers
lifted back. To thus pull a colony all
to pieces, and interrupt and disturb
the bees right when the work is at its
height, is something that any bee-

keeper would gladly avoid. Mr. M. A.
Gill, of Colorado, who, last year, with
the assistance of his wife and one
helper, managed 1,100 colonies, system-
ized this part of their work. I be-
lieve Mr. Gill went ahead and lifted
off the supers, his wife followed and
examined for queen cells, while the
other helper did the "shaking" at the
hives that were so marked. Then I
think Mr. Gill lifted the supers back
upon the hives. Suppose that Mr. Gill
could have stepped into an apiary of
100 colonies, and, in twenty minutes,
or less, with no assistance from any
one, without even opejihig a hive, or
lifting off a super, he could have known
which colonies were making prepara-
tions for swarming, I say suppose it
would have been possible for him to do
this, see how greatly it would have
lessened his labor. Well, this very
thing can be done.

During my recent trip to New York,
I met a bee-keeper who has been
practicing this, successfully, for some
time, on a large scale. He described
the method to me in detail, and the
simplicity of it is only equaled by the
wonder that no one has thought of, or
practiced it, before. He told it to me
in confidence, and when I urged him
to allow its publication, he declined.
He said he had put much thought and
experimentation upon the matter, and
as an idea is not patentable, he pre-
ferred to enjoy its advantages himself
rather than give it away to those who
would become his competitors. After
thinking the matter over awhile, I
proposed that I mention the matter in
the Review, and find out how many
men would be willing to pay $1.00
each to have the matter published in
the Review. Now then, let each man
who is willing to pay $1.00 to have
this matter published, drop me a
postal card. The first of March I will
write this man and let him know how
many have made this promise, and, if
he feels that the number is sufficient.

50

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

he will allow its publication, send me
a hive all properly arrang-ed, and I
will have drawings made and let the
description and illustratioiis appear
in the April Review.

If you are willing- to pay $1.00 to
have this matter published, don't wait
and say: "Oh, there will be enough
others who will attend to this." If
they all take this view, the matter
won't be published. Yovi will not be
asked to send your dollar, unless there
are enough other dollars promised so
that my New York friend feels the
number will be sufficient recompense
to justify him in giving- to the world
this product of liis brain.

I shall head the list myself with SS.OO,
and if others feel like g-iving-i-nore than
$1.00 each, well and good, for I am
exceedingly anxious that this method
should be given to the world, as it will
be readily seen what a vast advantage
it will be to be able to step into a large
apiar}' and decide, almost at a glance,
with no lifting of supers, exactly which
colonies are making preparations for
swarming.

«-«j-»<^*^«^<«

HOME-MADE, VERSUS FACTORV-M ADE
HIVES.

There is no subject that the Review
has ever taken up that has brought
such a flood of correspondence, letters
and articles, as has that of making
hives at home. Some of these articles
are most excellent, helpful and reason-
able, while others are full of sarcasm,
even of abuse. I have given a few of
the best in this issue. They are
samples of many others that I have
received, but I doubt the wisdom of
publishing any more of them, or of
continuing this discussion, unless some
one has been wronged, or misrepre-
sented, or misunderstood. For ex-
ample, Ernest Root has sent me proof
of an article that he expects to print in
the next issue of Gleanings, and he
explains in that that he had in mind a
story and a half hive, an eight-frame

hive with a super, when he gave the
price as $1.25 each, by the 100, and the
estimate of the amount of lui-nber as 20
feet — counting waste. He says that
such a hive as I described, only it will
be one inch wider, with dovetailed
corners, tin rabbets, and division-
board, can be furnished by the factor}',
in 100-lots, at 87 cents each, and the
lumber will be practically clear. It
gives me pleasure to publish this, as
I wish to be entirely fair to all con-
cerned. Mr. Root saj's, still further,
that, in this comparison, in order to
be fair, we ought to figure on exactly
the same equipment, viz., clear lumber,
dovetailed corners, Hoffman frames,
pe^iked roof covers, tin rabbets, a di-
vision-board, etc., and then he goes on
still furtlier, and says that the factory
ought to be able to furnish these things
cheaper than the man can make them
at home, as the factory can buy lum-
ber in 100-car lots at greatlj' reduced
prices. I admit the force of all this,
but I expressly said that I looked at
these extras as useless expenses, that
I would rather have hives without
them, that a bee-keeper could i-nake
his own hives more cheaply than he
could buy them, if he would only get
rid of the idea that these "fixings"
were necessary'.

Mr. Root, in liis reply to my article,
speaks of the 37^4 cent hives that I had
made, as made of "knotty lumber,
some of the knots loose, and the knot
holes covered with pieces of tin, the
boards probably roughly sawn, and
probably not at all accurate." Beg
pardon, Bro. Root, but none of these
were true of the hives that I had made.
There were knots in the boards, but
they were sound, the lumber nicely
planed, and accurately and smoothly
sawed. All that I said on this subject
was that knotty lumber could be used,
and that loose knots could be managed
in some parts of the hive.

But as I have already said, I doubt
the wisdom of using more space in

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

51

arguing" this question. Both sides of
the question have been very fairly pre-
sented. The manufacturers admit that
there are instances in which it is ad-
visable for bee-keepers to make their
own hives, and there is no question
that there are instances in which it is
miore advisable to buy them of the man-
ufacturer, and the only waj' is for each
man to investig-ate and experiment,
until he finds out which is the better
way for him.

A PROTEST FROM A SUPPLY DEALER.

I am g'etting a vast amount of letters
and articles on this subject of home-
made hives versus the factory-made,
and, while I can't find room for one-
fourth of the matter, I do wish to g'ive,
if possible, tlie views of those who dif-
fer from me. It is a pleasure to pub-
lish a man's views when they differ
from mine, and, when they are so
pleasantlj^ expressed as tlie following-,
the pleasure is doubled.

Indianapolis, Ind., Jan. 13, 1<X)4.

Friend W. Z. : — I want to take up a
few moments of 3rour valuable time
while I do some scolding. I have no
doubt but what you are getting- scolded
by others and that you know just what
is coming now. I refer to your opin-
ions expressed about the bee-keepers
making- their hives and fixtures. I
have been a great admirer of the Re-
view and one of the most admirable
thing:s about it has been that you have
always taug'-ht the art of order and
neatness in the bee 3'^ard and the honey
house. Now, you have just g-one and
upset everj^thing-. I have no doubt but
what you will have many followers,
but I can not see. for the life of me,
how you can. conscientiously, g-ive the
advice that j'ou have given. Is it not
an absolute fact, that to go to a plan-
ing- mill and have a few hives made to
order from g-ood lumber, the cost
would exceed the price of the g-oods
i-nade in some up-to-date factory? I
feiir that I am entitled to no voice in
this matter because I am a dealer. If
I were not a dealer my voice would re-
main the same. You certainly have
traveled and visited enoug-h to be

thoroughly posted oh these points. I
have been over the ground, too. I have
had bitter experience with special
g-oods ordered at planing mills and box
factories, — goods made by men who
never heard tell of a bee-space. If all
the bee-keepers of our land would de-
cide to follow the advice g-iven in the
Review, what a slipshod state of af-
fairs the bee business would drift into'.
Bee-keepers would paj' more for their
goods than they do now, and what a
mix-up I The supplj- dealer, the very
ones who support the Review, would
be compelled to seek other imployment.

Yours,

Walter S. Pouder.

I have had the pleasure of compet-
ing at fairs with Bro. Pouder, of cor-
responding with him, and of doing
business with him ever since the Re-
view started. No man pays his bills
quite so promptly as does Mr. Pouder.
He has a warm place in my heart, and
it is indeed a pleasure to make room
for his letter, even if he is a supply
dealer, as he puts it.

One other correspondent, whose
communication I am unable to use in
this issue, takes the same ground as
does Mr. Pouder, viz., that the making
of hives at home would lead to, and go
hand in hand with, slip-shod, slovenly
methods. It is true that some of the
apiaries with home-made hives have
been of the ram-shackle st3'le, but
truth compels me to say that some of
those furnished with factory-made
hives also belonged in the same cate-
gory, while some of the neatest, yes
the very neatest, apiaries and hives
that I ever beheld, were those where
the hives had been made at home.
Candidly. I think that this matter of
where the hives are made has very
little bearing on this point. If a man
is neat, orderl}', methodical and ac-
curate, his apiary will show it, re-
gardless of where his hives are made.

Mr. Pouder asks if it is not an abso-
lute fact that it will cost more to go to
a planing mill and have a few hives
made than it would to buy them at
factory' prices. It is possible that it

52

Tttfi BEE-KEEPERS' I^EVIEW,

would ill some instances. If a man
must drive a long- ways, feed himself
and team at the hotel, buy paint and
brushes, etc., all to g-et half a dozen
hives, he might better buy them al-
ready made, but I think I am safe in
saying that I have received more than
100 letters from men who have had
hives cut out at a planing mill, and
then nailed up and painted the hives
themselves, who had saved money, and
felt well-satisfied with their venture.
I recall one just now, from a man liv-
at St. Louis, this State, who had
2,000 feet of lumber planed and cut up
at a mill, he working at the mill him-
self wliile the lumber was being
worked up into hives. He spent five
days of time, and his bill at the mill
was $15.00. He said that the freight
on that number of hives would have
amounted to $15.00. According to his
estimate, he had saved $50.00 over
what it would have cost him to have
bought hives at the factory.

It is true, Bro. Ponder, that the
supply-dealers have helped to support
the Review, and still help to support
it, and to say that such help is not
appreciated would be untrue. On the
other hand, advertisements in the
Review, and in other journals, have
brought trade to the supply dealers,
hence it is prett}'^ nearlj' a case of one
hand washing the other. All of the
manufacturers and dealers are good
friends of mine, and we certainly wish
one another success, but I doubt if
there is a manufacturer or dealer who
would wish me to urge bee-keepers to
patronize them unless it was to the
advantage of the bee-keepers to do so.
After all has been said, there will
still be a large volvmie of busines go
to the factory.

THE NEW BEE-KEEPING.
(Read at Wisconsin State Convention.)
Comrades — let us take one quick,
backward glance at bee-keeping. Bees
once lived in hollow trees, clefts in

rocks, and holes in the ground. Then
man began ptitting them into straw
"skeps," log "gums," and boxes.
After toiling through the long summer
to lay up a store of sweets, the cold
days of Autumn saw the bees consign-
ed to the sulphur pit, while their
combs of honey were mashed up and
hung in a muslin bag before the fire to
drip. "Strained" honej'^ was a result
— and sometimes there was a decided
flavor of bee-bread and brimstone.
The interior of a bee hive was a sealed
book until about 50 years ago — when
Langstroth broke the seal, and allow-
ed man to scan the wonderful pages.
This was the first, the revolutionary
step of modern bee culture — the foun-
dation of all subsequent improvements.
Aside from the invention of the mov-
able comb hive, many of us have wit-
nessed all of the wonderful growth
that has made modern bee culture
what it now is. Comb foundation, the
honey extractor, the bee smoker, the
section honey box, the wax extractor —
all these have sprung up before our
very eyes. Men were not slow in prof-
iting by these inventions, and apiaries
and bee-keepers sprang up as by
magic, all over this fair' land. With
few exceptions, however, one man did
not attempt the management of more
than one apiary — swarming was the
one stumbling block in the way of suc-
cess upon a broad scale, by which one
man might manage several apiaries
scattered about in the most desirable
locations. "Shook-swarming" has
removed this last obstacle to suc-
cessful bee-keeping upon a large scale,
and with possibilities of which we
have never dreamed. Examples of
success in this line are not wanting.
Look, for instance, at Bro. Gill, of
Colorado, who, last year, with his
wife and one helper, cared for 1,100
colonies and secured 75,000 pounds of
comb honey. Perhaps you will say:
"Oh, but that is in Colorado!" Look at
your own State. See what your

THE BEE-KEEPERvS' REVIEW

53

worthy President has done. With on-
ly 4(K) colonies, he last year secured
54,000 pounds of extracted honey. Had
it not been for his official duties he
could have doubled the number of colo-
nies and the results. If your locality
is a poor one, let it be your first step to
seek a good location. Why waste
your life as a bee-keeper in a poor lo-
cation? Get a g'ood location, get some
good stock, spread out and keep sever-
al hundreds of colonies, and make a
success worth while.

Don't say you can't do this. You
can. The first, and the most impor-
tant step, is to decide to do this. Don't
say you haven't got the money. That
is no excuse. You can get it. If you
were given the alternative of going to
prison one year, or paying $100, you
would get the monej' some way. If a
surgical operation were necessary
to save your arm or leg, and the cost
of having it performed was SlOO, you
would raise the money. It is only a
question of having sufficient incentive
and the money will come. If 3fou can
get up sufficient enthusiam, and cour-
age, and faith in the business, you
can accomplish almost anything you
will to accomplish. I received a letter,
only a few days ago, from a young
man in Canada, saying that he began
bee-keeping seven years ago. At that
time his capital consisted of a first-
class wife and a bouncing baby bo}'.
He went in debt for SlOO-worth of bees,
and had to endure the jeers and taunts
of friends at his imprudence. The
$100 was paid before the year was out.
Now he has 350 colonies of bees, a
little home all paid for, and money in
the bank sufficient to keep them sever-
al years if necessary. What man has
done, man can do.

Many bee-keepers don't realize their
own powers; they possess traits and
jiossibilities capable of accomplishing
great things, once they are aroused
to action. To illustrate: I lay my
good right arm prone upon the tabl(^

It lies there usless and inert. It pos-
sesses powers, but they are dormant
until, from the brain, along these line,
thread-like nerves, darts that subtle
fluid, electricity or magnetism, when
the muscles are stimulated into
action, and wonderful are the results.
These few words of mine may be the
needed stimulus for starting into
action, and arousing to new life, many
a poor bee-keeper now plodding along
in a rut with only a few bees. They
may encourage him to join the ranks
of the "New Bee-Keeping, " and even-
tually' place his feet upon the mountain-
top of prosperit\'.

»T^«« »^rf«*H*«

SHALL THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
GATHER HONEY-STATISTICS?

If there is any one feature of the re-
cent report of the General Manager of
the National Association, over which
bee-keepers are enthusiastic, it is the
publication of the addresses of the
members, together with the number of
pounds of honej' produced — particular-
ly the latter feature. Manj' members
have found a market for their crops
through this publication of the
amounts they had produced, and
manj' who wished to buy honej*
learned who had it for sale.

From conversations with bee-keepers
that I met in my recent trip through
New York, and from discussions at
the conventions, it is very evident that
there is an urgent demand that the
General Manager go one step farther,
and receive statistics of the honey crop
just as soon as possible after it is
gathered, tabulate the reports immedi-
atel}', and mail the results to each
member. A knowledge of what the
crop has been all over the country,
placed in the hands of the members
immediately after the gathering of the
crop, would be of immense value in
marketing the crop. One of the first
anxious inquiries put to Manager
France at the Los Angeles Convention

54

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

was: "What is the crop of white
honey in the North and East?" This
inquirj' came from Texas where the
crop was ready for market, and this
member had his plans all made to g:o
to a certain State to market his tons
and tons of honey. The information
that Mr. France could give him,
enabled him to change his plans and
go to altogether a different part of the
country than he had intended — a State
where the crop had been light. This
is given simply as an illustration of
how the gathering and publishing of
statistics can help in the marketing.
It will tend to prevent gluts in the
market, and help to maintain prices.
If a man knows there has been a
bountiful crop, generally, he will sell
his crop at a fair price, if it is oiifered,
instead of holding it until prices fall
still lower. If there has been a gener-
al shortage, he would feel justified in
holding his crop if the prices are low.
Consultation with Messrs. Hershiser,
Marks, France, Root, and others,
allows the publication of the following
plan: As soon as the harvest is over
in the Southern part of the country
and California, let the General Mana-
ger send a return postal card to each
member residing in the South and in
California, and in other portions of
the country having an early harvest.
It may, and probably will, require
some correspondence, and judgment,
to correctly divide the countr}^ into two
districts, the early and the late, but it
can be done. Let the postal sent out
have blank spaces for writing down
the following: Number of colonies
run for extracted honey, number of
pounds secured, and retail price; then
the same in regard to comb hone}'.
When the postals come in, let the
Manager tabulate the results, print
them on a sheet of paper and mail
them to all the members. Liiter in the
season, let him send out similar cards
to the members in that part of the
country having a late harvest, tabu-

late the results and mail them to the
entire membership.

These tabulated results will show,
for instance, the number of men who
have reported from New York, the
number of colonies run for extracted
honey, the number of pounds produced,
the average yield, and the retail price.
The same facts will be shown regard-
ing comb honey. What is shown in re-
gard to New York will also be shown
of all of the other States. Of course,
these reports will not show what the
entire crop is of any State, simply the
crops of the men who are reporting,
but if we can get accurate reports
from fill, or nearly all, of the members
of the National Association it will be
a most reliable indication regarding
the entire crop of the country. After
this system of gathering reports has
been continued for a series of years,
we will finally establish what might
be known as an average for each State.
In ten years from now we may be able
to say that an average crop of extract-
ed honey, in New York, is 50 pounds:
then, if our statistics for the next year
show an average of 75 pounds, we will
know that New York is away ahead of
the average.

This proposed plan is published that
it may be criticised, and suggestions
made. If any reader sees weak points,
or can suggest new ones, will he please
write the Review?

One thing more, the taking up of
this work will entail a lot of extra
labor upon a man who is now earning
twice his salary as General Manager,
and it would seem no more than fair if
he were allowed a little extra compen-
sation for this extra work. He is now-
receiving only 15 per cent, of the gross
receipts, while the constitution allows
us to pay him 20 per cent, if we see fit.

I believe the time is now ripe for
adding this valuable feature to those
already possessed by the National, and
that it would prove a most powerful in-
ducement in securing new members.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

55

YOUR PRESENT BUSINESS.

It May Be the Best Business for You.

A business with a beautiful, fasci-
nating- exterior, is often filled with
trials and perplexities. To many men
some other business than their own
seems more attractive. To me, the
commercial traveler, well-dressed, well-
fed, well-paid, traveling about the
country, inay seem to be leading a life
of pleasure. Passing- my window and
seeing- me busy at my desk, one of the
"knig-hts of the g-rip" might envy
"that fellow with his snug- little busi-
ness right at home. ' ' And so it g-oes ;
but the most sensible advice that I
have seen on this subject comes from
a writer in the Four Track News. He
saj^s:

"The average man thinks ever}'
other business better than the one in
which he is engag-ed. Sometimes he
is so sure of it that he makes a change,
and then comes to a discovery. He
finds that the new business, which at
long rang-e looked so rosy, has a full
complement of thorns, not altogether
different from those which beset his
old occupation. Instead of indulging'-
in such day dreams aboutother people's
affairs, men would make more pro-
gress by employing their spare time in
nipping the thorns that annoy them.

WIRING BROOD-FRAMES.

Some Reasons why the Wires Should not

be Drawn so Taut when Heavy

Foundation is Used.

Naturally, most of us suppose that
the tighter we draw the wires in wir-
ing brood-frames, the better. Mr. F.
Greiner, of New York, thought so, and
made some experiments that seemed to
prove that he was correct in his con-
clusions. He reported them to Glean-
ings. Editor Root explained why he
thought Mr. Greiner's experiments

turned out as they did, and also gave
reasons why the wires maj' be made
quite taut with light foundation, but
should be more loose with the heavier
makes. As the season when bee-keep-
ers ought to be wiring their brood-
frames is now here, it may not be
amiss to give Mr. Root's advice. He
saj's:

Whether or not you should draw
your wires taut will depend on the
weight or heft of foundation used.
Wax 8 or 9 sheets to the pound will
buckle in the drawing out if the wires
be drawn taut. Sheets 6 or 7 feet to
the pound will draw out into good
combs as fiat as a board, whether the
wires be drawn taut or not. But a
tight wire will not beg'-in to stand the
strain of one drawn moderately loose.
The reason of this is obvious. If it is
stretched to half its breaking strain,
a little more strain will break it, like
a slam or bang in an extractor. If
there is no strain on the wire, and it
is drawn tig^ht enough to take out all
the slack, and a little more, it is easy
to see that it will stand a great deal
more strain than if it be drawn up
more nearly to the breaking-point.

But there is another factor to be con-
sidered. The tig^hter the wires are
drawn the heavier the foundation re-
quired. I believe it is possible for one
to use a very light grade of wax by
using wires drawn to the proper ten-
sion— not too taut. Foundation 8 or 9
feet to the pound is certainly cheaper
than 6 to 7 feet; and if looser-drawn
wires will stand a greater strain, and
if you get as good comb with lighter
foundation, you are saving in yoxiv
pocketbook and getting good and
stronger comb.

Some six or seven years ago I con-
ducted a series of experiments in this
matter of wiring and the degree of ten-
sion that could be placed on the same.
At first I drew mv wires tight, and
put in heavy foundation, or what we
then called "medium brood." All
went well. Later on I used the same
tension of wiring, and used light
brood. Then the trouble began. The
foundation buckled or bulged in
between the wires slightly — not seri-

56

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ously, but enough to show that I was
getting somewhat of a corrugate-roof
effect. Some one, I ain not sure who,
said if I reduced the tension of the
wires so that they could sag a little
bit with the foundation, the combs
would come out true and nice, and
they did. That person, if I remember
rightl3', was Geo. E. Hilton, of Fre-
mont, Mich. If so, he can corroborate
by his own experience the inatter cov-
ering some 3'ears before that time.
We had been using perpendicular wir-
ing, and Mr. Hilton took occasion to
compliment me for recommending hori-
zontal wiring in opposition to the
views of m}' respected father.

All foundation, in proportion to its
weight, has a tendency to stretch a
little in drawing. The stretch is
downward a very slight amount. If
the middle supports of the wires will
allow no sag, there is pretty sure to
be a wavy jippearance to drawn comb.

It would be interesting to know how
heavy your foundation was where the
wires were drawn up like fiddle-
strings. I will bet a cooky that it was
medium brood; and if so, I can readily
understand how you g^ot nicely built-
out coinbs. Try the experiment again
with light brood, on a warm day, or
in a strong colony, and see what you
will get.

KEEPING MORE BEES.

Let it be Done by Increasing the Number

of Colonies, not of the Number

of Owners.

For three or four years I have been
preaching the gospel of "keeping more
bees, ' ' and, that any one should oppose
it I had never dreamed; but, it has
been done, and over in our sister coun-
try, Canada. Mr. W. H. Kirby, in
the Canadian Bee Journal, expresses
himself as follows:

Somewhere about three or four years
ago at a convention held in Buffalo, a
Mr. Coggshall, of New York State,
pealed forth the advice to bee-keepers,
to "keep more colonies" in order to in-
crease their income. He was soon fol-
lowed by W. Z. Hutchinson, at an-
other convention with a similar note,
"Keep more colonies." Such advice,
coming from such apicultural gods fill-
ed the whole fraternity within the

sound thereof with consternation and
amazement. This new "evolution" in
business was a stunner to a great
many, and I have no doubt was a stim-
ulus to a large number, who went to
the expense of getting more hives, etc.,
and of providing winter quarters for
more colonies, and the extra labor
contingent thereto, all this extra trou-
ble to produce more honey in order to
increase their income, has resulted in
over production, which has brought the
price down. Had there been a favorable
season in Eastern Ontario and Quebec,
the price would have been much lower
than it is. Just imagine a lot of man-
ufacturers increasing their plant and
output in a limited market, to increase
their income. It seems to me it would
cause a. big slump in the price of their
product. There are individual cases
like Coggshall's who have done it and
succeeded. But for every bee-keeper,
or part of them, to do likewise means
ruin. This new "evolution" in busi-
ness won't work in bee-keeping anj"^
better than in any other business.

I see by York County Bee Keeper in
December "C. B. Journal" that W. Z.
H. is booming this new "evolution"
again in his paper. From the present
price of clover honey, I don't think he
will influence many Canadian bee-
keepers. There are already too many
colonies in the country for the business
to be very profitable.

Perhaps I am peculiarly constituted,
but when a man opposes me, and arg-
ues against me, and I think him sin-
cere, instead of feeling any antipathy
toward him, there comes over me a
friendly feeling for him. There is a
disposition on my part to go over and
stand by his side, and try to see how
the inatter looks from his point of view.
I like to look at the matter from both
sides, and I try to feel as willing that
/ should be proved to be incorrect as
that my opponent should be showed to
be in the wrong. I wish to know the
real truth regardless of which must
yield to the other. I never stand by a
proposition a minute longer than I be-
lieve it is right, but, so long as I do
stand by it, I stand firm. So much by
way of an introduction, and now let us
look at this matter of keeping more
bees.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

57

When tliere has been a full crop, and
prices decline in consequence, it is a
little difficult to see the philosophy of
keeping" more bees, and I will frankly
admit that if ei'ery bee-keeper should
double his niunber of colonies, and
this should result in doubling" the crop,
with no extra efforts put forth in mar-
keting-, and the price should g^o down
one-half, there would be nothing" g"ain-
ed in '"keepini,'' more bees." But the
vn-Jil/aci is that not czrry bee-keeper
will keep more bees. It is only a. few
of them that will wake up to the oppor-
tunities in this direction, and, if this
enterprise among" a Jeiv bee-keepers
should help to depress prices, it will
only help to drive out of business those
who are not so enterprising". It is
always the man who produces at the
maximum pnjfit who succeeds, while
he who produces at the minimum profit
fails. Here is the real point of the
whole arg"ument: Where is the bee-
keeper wuth 100 colonies, who produced
10,000 pounds of extracted honey last
year, who would not be better off,
financially, if he had kept 200 cblonies,
and produced 20,000? As I have al-
ready said, // every bee-keeper in the
country had doubled his colonies, and
his crop, and this had reduced the
price one-half, there would be no g"ain
to bee-keepers, but this is supposinir
something" that will never happen.

Even if the honey cr.jp should be
doubled, by the keeping of more bees,
there is no assurance that prices
would drop in proportion. As a com-
modity drops in price, it is used more
largely, which has a tendency to bring
prices back again. All things eventu-
ally find their level.

Then here is another point: The
proper distribution of the crop in
marketing is something towards which
scarcely any organized effort has been
directed. It is expected that the
National Association will Uo some-
thing this ye-Av in the way of gather-
ing statistics in time to have them

available -when marketing honey.
This question of m^irketing is really
the most important question before us.
and the Review expects to do its hard-
est work in that direction the coming
\'ear. When we ctnisider the number
of people in this country, and the
number of pounds of honey produced,
we are astonished at the small amount
per person. We should keep more bees,
and, at the same time, improve our
methods (jf marketing. Let no one
imag"ine for one moment that he can
increase the prosperity of the bee-
keepers by persuading them to keep
fewer bees in order to cut down the
amount produced, and thus raise the
price. That is beginning at the
wrong- end of the problem. Let us
keep more bees, produce more iioney,
reduce the cost of production, and im-
j">rove our methods of mai-keting.

Just a word in closing, in regard to
how I would have bee-keepers keep
more bees. I would not do it by in-
creasing the number of bee-keepers,
but by increasing the number of colon-
ies now kept bj' those alreadj' in the
business. I am working to increase
tile prosperit}' of the existing bee-
keepers, instead of adding to their
numbers. If a man feels that bee-
keeping is his calling, he will be wel-
comed into our ranks, but I never be-
lieved in hurrahing in every Tom,
Dick and Harry. By so doing we
often do a wrong to jill concerned.

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, iS x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
v^er. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving. 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Pa.ssenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

5S

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

Great Clubbing Offers.

^* ^^ 9^^ 9^^ 9^^ 9^^

Here is a list of magazines, tog"ether with the reg^ular prices at
which the}' are published:

CLASS A.

CLASS B,

Success, ------ $1.00 The Review of Reviews

Frank Leslie's Pop. Mo. 1.00
The Cosmopolitan, - - 1.00
Woman's Home Companion, 1.00
Good Housekeeping-, - - 1.00
Pearson's Magazine, - - 1.00

The World's Work, - -
Outing -------

Country Life in America,
Lippincott's Magazine, -
The Independent, - - -
Current Literature, - -

$2.50
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
3.00

^^^ •^^ f^^

If you subscribe for one or more of these magazines in connection
with the Bee Keepers' Review, I can make the following offer:

Success, and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only $i -75

Success, any one magazine in class A, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only 2.50

Success, any two magazines in class A, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only 3.00

Success, any three magazines in class A, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only 3.50

Success, any one magazine iti class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only 3.50

Success, any two magazines in class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 5.00

Success, any three magazines in class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 6.50

Success, any one magazine in class A, any one in class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only. 4.00
Success, any two magazines in class A, any one of class B, and the Bee- Keepers' Review for only 4.50
Success, any three magazines in class A, any one of class B,and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only 5.00
Success, any one magazine of class A, any two of class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only. 5.50
Success, any two magazines in class A, any two of class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only 6.00
Success, any three magazines in class A, any two of class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for

only 6.50

Success, any one magazine in class A, any three of class B,and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only 7.00
Success, any two magazines of class A, any three of class B, and the Bee- Keepers' Review foi only 7.50
Success, any three magazines of class A, any three of class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for

only 8.00

Magazines will be sent to one or different addresses as desired.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich,

THE BEE-KKEPERS' REVIEW.

50

SALZERS SEED NOVELTIES

,0At5

&*

SALZER'S NATIONAL OATS.

Y(a, tarmers of America lend me your ears while I chant
the merits of this new Oat Novelty.

Editors, Agricultural Writers. Institute Orators, all tal!i
and write about til m Di'W Oat. It yielded in Wis 158bu.,in
Ohio 187 bu., in Miih. 2:11 bu., In ilo L55 bu and in N.' J.).
310 \m. per acre, dm ing 1903, and in lOO-i vnu can grow just
as easily 300 hu. p. r acre of Salter's National Oau, as
wecun. Your land is Ju.st as gootl. just as rich and you are
Just as ?ood a farmer as we aro. We hope you wiU'try this
Oat in 1904, and ttun st-ll same for Deed to your neigbbora
at a fancy price, next fall.

Macaroni W^eat.

It does well on arid, dry lands ns alsnon ricli farm lands,
yielding from JO to S>0 bii. per acre.

Speltz and Eanna Barley.

Greatest cereal food on earth. Yields 4 tons elegant straw
hay and 80 bn. cif grain, as rich as corn, oats and wtioat
ground together ' Does well everywhere Ilanna Barley
grows on dry, arid lands, yieldintj 60 bu per acre.

Salzer's Home Builder Corn.

Positively the bigye^t eared early corn on earth yielding
in Ind. 1j7 bu , Ohio 100 bu , Tenn. IDS bu.. Mich '^20 bu.
and s. D. 27H bu. per acre. It is really a marvelous corn.
Sinks its roots deeply alter moisture and nourishment and
grows like a weed.

Bromus Inermis and Alfalfa Clover.

Bronjus Inermis i.'i the most prolilic grass for permanent
pastures on earth. Yields 7 tons hay per acre Good on
sand, lime, clay, gravel— yes. on all Kinds ot soils '

Alfalfa Clover produces more Ii.t v and belter bay than
any Clover kiiov\ n. It is good for 7 tons per acre.

Potatoes 736 bushels per Acre.

The Editor of the KrRAL New Yokkkr sa.\ s. "Salzer s
Earliest Potato is the earliest out of .'18 earl v sons tried, and
yields 464 Ini. per acre, while Salzer s Early Wisconsin
yielded for tliem 7.iii bu. per acre. Salzers Potatoas for
yield cballen;;e the world ''

FOR 10c IN STAMPS

and the nameof this paper, we will send you a lot of farm
,d s^nriles, iiicludinL! some of al)Ove tot;ether with
maaimoth 140 page illustrated catalog .Send lo-<iay.

JOHN A.SALZER SEED CO.LaCrosseWis.

G. B. LEWIS SECTIONS ! PajTcr Cutter

These section.'^ are the be.'it in ihe world, an<i I
am prepared to liandle Iheni in Canada. I h1,>^o
krrp in stock all kinc's of bee supplies I am
running two j'ard,s of 300 coK nie.s each, and I
want a good man lo take chaige of one of them
They are run for comb honey. None but a goccl
man need apyily.

I am also brecfler of ,S. C lilark Minorca.":, all
imported stock f'om Kngland and Sroilsnd, i.s
eggs for |i. 00. K. P Kock, Beadley Thompson
•nd LefTell Conger .Strain. 15 eggs for Ji.oo.
Beeswax wanted.

N. H. .SMITH,

a-04-it Lock Box A. Tilliury, Ont, Can,

n*tm mtntian tht Rtuitiu.

For Sale.

.A ni.Tii living near here, and liaving a small
job printing office, has con.solidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We both Iiad a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of iheni. one will be sold at a .sacri-
fice Mine is a ?4-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $!o.oo last sprirg, yet
525,00 will lake llie machine. A phologiaph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review— simply with the
job work The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press,

W, Z, HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

60

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

S A Pleasant Surprise:

When it was announced in the Review that I was the breeder of Superior Stock, the cus-
tomers of both myself and Mr. Hutchinson were very pleasently surprised. The letters that
I am receiving show this. Here are two samples:

Fountain City, Wis , Jan. 12, 1904.
J. P. Moore, Morgan, Ky.

Dear Sir: — Kindly send me a copy of your descriptive folder and price list of Superior
Stock Queens. I have had a number of them from Mr. Hutchinson, and I have found that if
would have been dollars and dollars in my pocket if my whole yard had been stocked with
this strain of bees. JOSEF M. REITZ.

Salem, N. J., Jan. 14, 1904.
J. P. Moore, Morgan, Ky.

Dear Sir: I am certainly glad to know that you are the man who has been furnishing
W. Z Hutchinson with queens of the Superior Stock I know of no other breeder in the Unit-
ed States that I would be more pleased to know furnished this stock, for I can honestly say
that the very best queen I evet got, came from you. I also got a queen from Mr. Hutchfnson
in 1902, and I can truly say that she distinguished herself a.s really Superior Stock.

L. C. MEDKIFF.

Drop me a postal, and I will send you the neatest little folder that a queeu breeder ever
sent out. It will tell you how this stock was originated, how it is bred, and how it has de-
ighted some of the best bee-keepers in the United States. It will also give prices.

J. P. MOORE. Morgan, Ky.

— If yon wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Rkvikw. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
wotUd be pleased to send deBcriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing snch a machine.

—If you are Koing to —

BUY A BUZZ -SAW

write to the editor of the Kkview. He hu
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad '
make you happy by tilling you the price
which he wonlH noil it.

Please mention the Reuieio.

The Pacific States
Bee Journal

Is a publication you should
read, especially if you keep
bees in the Pacific Stales, fi.oo
a year — sample copies free.

^^ ^^^ ^2^

PACIFIC STATES
BEE JOUf^lSlAlj.

I-04-I2t TULiAIRE, CflUip.

Bee Hives Cheap!

Called "Poor Man's Hive."

5 5 f ff

I am having bee hives cut out at
the Michigan State Prison Box Fac-
tory, where labor is cheap. These
hives are made of Michigan white
pine, corners halved together so they
can be nailed both ways. Hoffman
frames are furnished, supers to take
either plain or bee-way sections.
Eight-frame iVi slory hives, nailed
and painted, starters, sections, etc.,
ready for the bees $1.50; 5 in the flat,
I5 00; 10 for $9.00; 20 for $17.50; ten-
frame, iscts. more. Sections at last
years' prices. Dovetailed hives, also
the Danzenbaker in slock. Subscrip-
tions to l>ee journals given free with
orders Send for list explaining

? 5 f 5

W. D. SOPER,

i-04-tf R. D. 3. Jackson. Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPRKS' REVIEW

61

fHfjtiifiiiaiinitni
liiNuliuiiii<iiiiiiai>iiiiii<i

Bee-Keepers

It is a conceded fact that the
bulk of the honey of the future
is goin^j to be produced in the
irrigated portion of what is
known as "Arid America." If
you are interested in the pro-
gress of apiculture in this vast
region, you should subscribe
for the

RocKy A\ountAio

B«e Journal,

a twenty-page monthly; price
50 cents per year.

This is now the only bee pub-
lication west of the Missouri
river. We have several hun-
dred eastern subscribers, and
have still room forniore. Write
for free sample copy. Address

H. <S. A\orehouse

Boulder, Colo.

Root's Goods 2vt
Root's Price?

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything nsed by Bee-Keepers.

Large and complete stock on hand
at all times. Low freight rates.

Prompt Sen-ice. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pouclcr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

IMUVBII

liiiiiii

J 3%

■iiiiiii

liiiiiti
|iim:i

iiiiii'i

liiillii

The Bee-Keepers'
Pzvrzvcli?^.

300,000 Acres of Wild Land
for sale, in the famous P'riiit
Belt Region of Michigan, at low
prices and on easy terms.

These lands are especially
adapted to fruit culture, all the
most desiraljle fruits being cul-
tivated with especial success.

These uncultivated lands also
produce immense quantities of
wild berries, from which large
crops of honey are obtained, at
a good profit to the Bee-Keeper,

Write for particulars and cir-
culars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address:

J. E. A\«rritt,

GepM. t\Sir.

t\\cY)\9iZir) L-aod Co.,

Dittn)er's
Fouod^tiop

Retail- Wbol«S»l«

Has an established reputation, hf-
caiise made bv a process tlial pro-
duces the CI.KANH.ST and PITKK.ST,
and in all respects the best and most
dc-irable. Send for .samples.

WorK+os; w*x into fbun^liktion
for cak5*?

a specialty. Hkeswax always
WANTKi) al' HIOHKST PRICE*.

A Puu L.in« of 5upP'<«s,
r^tskii an<I •wboI«5akI«.

Send at once for catalog with prices
and discounts.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, On-
tario, Sole Agents for Canada.

GUS DITT/AER,

Aujustik, Wisconsin

■illllii

1 '' i

•illllii

■IIHIIf

iiiiiiii

■iiiiii|
iiiHiii

■iiiina
■mini

iiiuiii

"ir"i

niiiiiiwB

62

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Si

:V.ii, DADANTS

m

III

if

Foundation I OCCtlOnS.

By the new Weed Process

is made in the best manner, up-
on the best machines, and from
the best wax — that free from
dirt, pollen, propolis, burnt wax,
etc., that decrease its tenacity
and make it offensive to the
bees. Every inch of foundation
is guaranteed to be equal to the
sample that will be sent upon
application.

Lfingstroth on the Hon-
ey Bee, revised. Smokers, Tin
Pails, Sections and other sup-
plies. Send for circular.

Dadant & Son

Hamilton, Ji/s.

■XT!:\i.^•.■i■:f::.!•^ri■^•■:^■^^■:•■■yT:'i^^■:^■/^^^^^^

Mm*

M'-ii.
1

•'■iv-i

m

Our New

CATALOG

Is Ready.

Si.xty-eight pages list-
ing everything the bee-
keeper needs. The
very finest good.« fur-
nished promptly.

2 per cent, disconnt
during February.

m G. B. Lewis Co.

*••■.■■:

m

•'.[■.V

'■•f'-ii.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Watertown, Wis. U. S. A.

:■.•.-;•

m
m

m

il
m

:■.>;•

*i.i

II

■»■•.•:

li

m

;■.■•.•;•
*■••

m

II

11

'9--':

'As"::'-

We make millions of them
\ early; workmanship, smooth-
ness and finish can't be better
The basswood grows right here
If you want some good Ship-
ping Cases, you can get
them of us. A full line of
Bee Supplies on hand.

Write for illustrated cata
logue and price list free

Marshiield
Mfff. Co.,^""'-t''''

O ' Wis.

Marketing I

Of honey is fully a-^ important
as its production. To produce
a crop of honey cheaply, and to
sell it to the best advantage, are
distinct processes.

Whether honey should be sent
to a distant market, whether
sold outright or on commission,
whether tlie home market can
be profitably developed, wheth-
er the bee keeper should sell
the honev himself, or employ
some one, the peddling of hon-
ey, etc. are all thoroughly dis-
cussed in one of the chapters of
"Advanced Bee Culture."
Remember, too, that this is only
one chapter out of 32.

Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the
Review one year and the book
for|(.25. Stamps taken, either
U. S. or Canadian.
W. Z HUTCHINSON, Fliat, Mich.

^^^iMMMB^^IM^S^^ii^MI^^I^MiM^l^^l^^l^m^l^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

63

fhe Best and

Finest F^^its,

Vegetables and Flowers itiay be had Sy
lanting our Trees, Seeds and Bulbs.
K'e make a specialty of improving and
esting new fruits, vegetables and flowers.
Ve have a full assortment of the best and
aost reliable old Standard Varieties.
Ve grow and test the most promising or-
lauiental plants, shrubs and trees and
commend only the best varieties.

Speelal Seed Offef.

For IOC and lo addresses of people who
^uy seeds, trees, bulbs, greenhouse plants,
ptc, we will send lo packets of the earli-
ttt known varieties of cabbage, tomato,
ket, raddish and lettuce. Two best var-
lies of each. Ten packets for loc.

We make a specialty of Northern
Grown Seed Potatoes.

Send us list of nursery stock, shrubery
plants, seed potatoes, etc., needed and
ire will give you our lowest prices. We
re always pleased to answer questions
bout fruits, flowers or vegetables. Send
for our catalog.

1 T. C. FURNAS & CO.

Nurserymen, Florist and Seedsmen.
i-o4-3t Indianapolis, Ind

I I am advertising for B. F. Stratton &
Bon, music dealers of New York, and
faking my pay in

Musical
instruments,

I have already bought and paid for in
this way a guitar and violin for my girls,
A flute for myself, and one or two guitars
ioT some of my subscribers. If you are
thinking of buying an instrument of any
kind, I should be glad to send you one on
trial. If interested, write me for des-
criptive circular and price list, saying
what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Wanted: — To sell an apiary of loo colonies,
ftiUy equipped, in Hilton Chaff Hives; or a young
man as partner, to take half interest in above: al-
to an out- yard of 50 colonics, location as good as
Northern Michigan affords.

i-<H-tf

CLINTON F. PULSIFEK,

Nesson City, Mich.

THE

PARKER

PEN

has the
'LUCKY CURVE'^

The "lucky curve" is a curve in
the feed-pipe that brings its inner
opening ovit against the inside of
the barrel of the pen. and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of tlie
feed-pi( e when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage. At the same time the
feed-pipe is kept moist with ink
and ready for business.

There are other good features
about the Parker. One is the al-
most impossibility of breaking the
handle. If it breaks from any
cause witliin a year a new one is
sent free.

When on my way to the Los
.\ngeles convention, I saw Mr.
France using a fine fountain pen
that worked nicely, and I asked
him what kind it was. He said it
was a "Parker," made by the
Parker Pen Co,, of Janesville.
Wis. I tried it and was so en-
thusiastic in my praise, that Chas.
Schneider pulled out his v)en and
asked me to try that. It seemed
(o work as well as the other and I
said: "There must be other good
pens as well as the Parker. It is
strange that I have never been
able to buy one." "Mine is a
Parker, too," said Mr. Schneider.

As sooh as I reached home I
sent for a Parker and have been
carrying and using it ever since
with the greatest of satisfaction.

There are styles of pens of dif-
ferent prices, from {i .so up to
Jio.oo, depending mostly upon
the finish of the handle. My pen
cost J2.00, and, so far as practjcal
use is concerned, is the equal of
any.

So pleased am I with this i>en
that I have made arrangements
whereby I can send the Review
one year, and one of the $2.00
pens,' for only $2. 50. Safe arrival
and .satisfaction guaranteed, or
money will be refunded.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

Flint, Mich.

POULTRY NEWS.

Twenty-five cents yearly. Agents wanted. Bee
department conducted by Fowler, the bee man
of Ardsley, N. Y. Twenty pages, illustrated and
np-to date.
io-03-tf New Brunswick, New Jersey.

64

THE REE-KRKPEKS' REVIEW.

A\2^py Irnproverrjerjtj Tbis Yezirl

We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supphfl
The following are some of them : Our Hives are made of one grade better lunib
than heretofore, and all tl;at are sent out under our new prices will be supplii
with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a comt
nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separator
The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mat
rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation ^las no equal, and our high
poli.shed sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two artich
and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, .su
enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it cant
worked by the foot.

Tb^ Heclclon Hive.

Another valuable adjunct to our man)
facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do ni
hesitate to say that it is the best all rouii
hive ever put upon the market; and
are pleased to state that we have mar
arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the er
that we can supply these hives; and ll
right to use them goes with the hives.

Horsey Extrzvctors.

Our Honey Extractors are highly onn
mental, better manufactured; and, whi
the castings are lighter, they are nio
ilurable than heretofore, as they are ma
of superior material.

Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much impruvt
being brimful of ■good things from tjie pens of some of tlie best writers in our laii^
and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Pric
only 50 cts. per year.

Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progr
sive Bee-Keeper. Address

H)«:«li7SvHle, r\o.
Bai^t St. Louis, illf^

LEAHY A\fg. GO.,

The Bee-Keepers'

300,000 Acres of Wild Land
for sale, in the famous Fruit
Belt Region of Michigan, at low
prices and on easy terms.

These lands are especially
adapted to fruit culture, all the
most desirable fruits being cul-
tivated with especial success.

These uncultivated lands also
produce immense quantities of
wild berries, from which large
crops of honey are obtained, at
a good profit to the Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and 'cir-
culars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address:

J. E. n^rritt,
OepM. /*\gr.

A\icbi^2vi7 l-2vncl Co.,

If the

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publishei and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima.
tion of the advertiser: and it en^
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

g^^^^s^^

Bee- Keepers i flo Fish-Bone

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Fziiconer A\fg. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

8@^Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a Z'ery /hifi base, v,'ith the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to ascertain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

Sprout Brook, N. Y

66

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

m<m'm^M'Mmm^^M'Mm^^M¥^M^^M¥^mwMi3M¥^^^s

^ We are Jobbers of Bee -Keepers' Supplies in

im

I Michigan

loi Representing: the (t. B. Lkwis Co., and Dadant and

Is Son. Wholesale and Retail. Several Carloads con-

^ stantly on hand. Bend for 40-pag-e illustrated catalog'.

m hfG'wis Co ®> A. Gt« WoocJssaai^o

(|0| (xrand Rapids, Michigan.

^m .^-04-4t

I am advertising for B. F. Stmtton &
Son, music dealers of New York, and
taking my pay in

MUS/CAL
INSTRUMENTS.

I have already bought and paid for in
this way a guitar and vioiin for my girls,
a flute for myself, and one or two guitars
for some of- my subscribers. If you are
thinking of buying an instrument of any
kind, I should be glad to send you one on
trial. If interested, write me for des-
criptive circular and price list, saying
what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson. Flint. Mich.

If you knew that

OUR HIVE

is better in construction, with belter
terial than any other, would you order
us? How can you know if you do n^
give us a trial order ?

Three Per Cent. Discount

on all orders received before April 11
1904.

Wood-Brush Bee-Hive &
Box Co.

12-03-tf UANSING. MICf

'^M'Jl'iiaaU^'M^aaSiSt'Si'Si^aU^aU'Ma^M'^'JJ'iJ^ja^U^'ii^aM'J'J'JUiJ'Ji^^^^^

^ Kretchmer Mfg. Company

a RJSn OAK, IOWA

a 3-04-4 t

a

e

y
t.

L.

If
SI
Si

Bee - Supplies

We carry a large stock
and great variety of eve-
rything needed in the api-
ary. Best Goods. Lowest
Prices. Prompt Ship-
ments, vSend for catalog
and read description of
Alternating Hives and
Ferguson Supers.

Agencies

Kretchmer Mfg. Co ,

Chariton, Iowa
Trester Supply Company,
I,incoln. Nebraska
Sugart & Ouren,

Council Bluffs, Iowa
C. A. Meyers, Leipsic, O.

CEECEEBCECCCBiaiSBEEERnCiCCCBiQC^IEriiGRCEHBQHEEISECBESBEiSBC

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

67

THE

PARKER

PEN

has the
^^LUCKY CURVE"

The "lucky curve" is a curve in
the feed-pipe thRl brings its inner
opeunigout against tlic inside of
the barrel of the pen, and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of the
feed-pii e when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage. At the same lime the
feed-pipe is kept moist with ink
and ready for business.

There are other good features
about the Parker. One is the al-
most impossibility of breaking the
handle. If it breaks from any
cause within a year a new one is
sent free.

When on my way to the I<os
Angeles convention, I saw Mr.
France using a fine fountain pen
that worked nicely, and I asked
him what kind it was He said it
was a "Parker," made by the
Parker Pen Co,, of Janesville,
Wis. I tried it and was so en-
thusiastic in my praise, IhatChas.
Schneider pulled out his pen and
asked me to try that. It seemed
to work as well as the other and I
said: "There must be other good
pens as well as the Parker. It is
strange that 1 have never been
able to buy one." "Mine is a
Parker, too," .said Mr. Schneider.

As sooh as I reached home I
sent for a Parker and have been
carrying and using it ever since
with ihegreat'»st of satisfaction

There are styles of pens of dif-
ferent prices." from I1.50 up to
$10.00. depending mostly upon
the finish of the handle. My pen
cost J2.00, and, so far as praciical
use is concerned, is ihe equal of
any.

So pleased am I with this pen
that I have made arrangements
whereby I can send the Review
one year, and one of the J2.00
pens, for only J2 so. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed, or
moui-y will be refunded.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

Flint, Mich.

hv,

POULTRY NEWS.

enty-five cents yearly .Agents wanted. Dee
rtment conducted by Fowler, the bee man

Ardsley, N. Y. Twenty pages, illustrated and

t^date.

►«H<

New Brunswick, flew Jersey.

68

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Great Clubbing Offer;

^^^ ^^^ ^/" ^7^ fi^^ ^^^

Here is a list of magazines, together with the regfular prices

which they are published;

CLASS A.

CLASS B.

Success, $1.00 The Review of Reviews

$2J

Frank Leslie's Pop. Mo. 1.00

The Cosmopolitan, - - 1.00

Woman's Home Companion, 1.00

Good Housekeeping-, - - 1.00

Pearson's Magazine, - - 1.00

The World's Work, - - 3.1

Outing ------- 3.j

Country Life in America, 3.j

Lippincott's Magazine, - 2.j

The Independent, - - - 2.1

Current Literature, - - 3.1

^y^ ^^* ^^'

If you subscribe for one or more of these magazines in connecti^
with the Bee Keepers' Review, I can make the following offer:

Success, and the Bee- Keepers' Review, for only

Success, any one magazine in class A, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only

Success, any two magazines in class A, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only

Success, any three magazines in class A, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only

Success, any one magazine in class B, and the Bee-Keepers' Review for only

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only

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only .

Magazines will be sent to one or different addresses as desird

W. Z, ffUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich,

9e (j)ee-

eps

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
W. z, HDTCHINSOK, Editor M Proprietor.

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, MARCH 15, 1904. NO. 3.

Matlsn^^ 300

BY W. H. LAWS.

^^HE following wholesale method of
-^ mating' queens is entirely new,
and has not been described before, so
far as I know, except by Mr. C. B.
Bankston, a few months ago, in the
American Bee-Keeper.

THE WONDERFUL ADVANTAGES OF THIS
METHOD.

The advantages of tliis method are
that it allows the introduction of virgin
queens froin five to seven days old, it
avoids all trouble from fertile workers,
there is no loss from the absconding of
nucleus colonies, queens may be mated
in a cliosen locality free from objection-
able drones, and, most important of
all, the bees of one colony can care for
and allow the fertilization of as many
queens as can be reared by five colo-
nies ! All this may seem too g-ood to be
true, but, nevertheless, for the past
year, I have been practicing a method
possessing all of these advantages,
I am going to describe it for the benefit
of my brother bee-keepers.

In the first place you must get out of
your head all idea of having or main-

taining permanent nuclei. Instead,
there are used a great number of small
boxes, weighing, when empty, only a
few ounces each, and holding only one
small comb of honey to each box.
Equipped with as many of these boxes,
already prepared, as we have virgins
in our nurseries, we proceed to shake
all the bees from the combs of a popu-
lous, qiieenless colony (after making
the bees fill themselves with honey),
putting the beeless combs into an
empty hive, and setting it on tlie old
stand, to which enough bees will re-
turn to cai'e for the brood.

NUCLEI WITH ONLY 100 BEES IN EACH.

Now move the old hive, containing
the honey-laden, queenless bees, to
some shady, convenient spot, and, with
a small tin cup, dip from the cluster
a small wad of bees, say about the
size of an unhulled walnut, containing
about 100 to 150 bees, never more than
200, open one of these little boxes, and
pour the bees right into the box, upon
the comb of honey, close the box, snap

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

the hook and lay it aside. Keep on
dipping- and filling' until all the boxes
are filled. The bees, being- loaded with
honey, dip nicely, and, not being- able
to climb the smooth inside of the cup,
they handle about like so many beans.
Soon the bees in the boxes are all
buzzing- and roaring-, and thus lament-
ing- their queenlessness and confine-
ment, when we are ready to intro-
duce the virgin queens, which is done
bj' running- them into tlie little, 5-16
inch, round entrances to the boxes.

When the virg-ins are all run in, and
the entrances closed, the boxes may
lie in the shade until the evening- of
the next day, or even 48 hours, and no
harm will come.

The bees, beiiig- queenless and con-
fined, always accept the virgin given,
regardless of her age, or from whence
she has come. I believe that the gen-
eral acceptance of these virgins by the
bees is not so much because of their
queenlessness as it is because of their
confinement. Long ago I discovered
that almost any confined bees will
accept any kind of a queen, provided she
is given immediately after the bees
have discovered their confinement.

Within 24 hours the bees in each of
the bab}^ nuclei have concluded that
their escape is impossible, and, resolv-
ing that "what can't be cured must be
endured," they accept the situation,
together with the queen, and quiet
down. Later the nuclei may be carried
out 300 or 400 yards, and the entran-
ces opened as the nuclei are scattered
under the brush, lodged in the forks of
trees, hung on a wire fence, or pitched
into the weeds — anywhere in any posi-
tion, any side up, only be sure they
are in the shade, where they remain a
few days until the queens are laying.
These little, miniature swarms with
virgin queens behave verj' much like
newly hived swarms. Queenless when
caged, aud remaining 24 hours
with a virgin queen, every bee seems
to consider the box as its home, and

one or two bees are alwaj's on guard
at the entrance.

The next day after distributing the
nuclei, we expect the queens to be
mated, because they are of the proper
age to do so. After the third day the
little zinc slots can be turned over the
entrances so as to prevent absconding.

As soon as another batch of virgins
is read}', these little boxes, when emp-
tied of bees, are ready to be refilled
and used as before.

I have mated 150 virgins witli the
bees from one colony, at one operation,
and left enough bees in the colony to
maintain the home. I have seen colon-
ies with the bees of which I think I
could have mated 300 or 400 queens I
Now I have told you how to mate the
virgins of five colonies with the bees of
one!

NO troublp: from absconding.

Did you ever notice what a rare
occurrence it is for the bees and queen
of a nucleus to abscond before the
mating of tlie queen? In my experi-
ence it is after she returns from her
wedding flight, and plans are being
laid for a perpetuation of their home,
that dissatisfaction and desertion step
in. Tlie room is too large; or the
larder empty; or after egg-laying and
brood-rearing have begun, then comes
unrest, and, consequently, absconding.
With our little boxes, and small, fat
combs of honey, there seems little dis-
position to seek new quarters — much
less than with the stronger nuclei and
standard frames.

After the queen begins laying in the
baby nucleus the little zinc slot is
turned across the entrance, and the
queen is safe. Many is the queen I
have tested as to purity of mating in
these little boxes.

WHY THERE ARE NO FERTILE
WORKERS.

Fertile workers? How can we be
pestered with these pests when fresh
bees are used with each mating?

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

73

And now we come to the last propo-
sition of controlling the mating- of our
queens. With these baby nuclei, of
which a man may carry from 15 to 25
on his arm like a load of stove-wood,
or hundreds of them may be piled into
a spring- wagon, don't you see how
readily handled, how really transport-
able they become? With a load of sev-
eral hundred of these, we pick up our
colony of choicest drones, go out upon
the prairie two and a half or three
miles from anybody's bees, or house,
distribute our little boxes, and liberate
our drones. Possibly the next day
every queen will mate, iind that to the
very drones of our choice. All these
can be brought in, and, if so desired,
queens and drones of another race may
then be mated on the same ground.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE NUCLEUS
BOXES.

The construction of the boxes is very
simple, yet they form a very important
part of this method. Imagine two
little trays, % inches deep, llX inches
long and \% inches wide, hinged at
the bottom with leather strips, and
made so as to clamp a little frame (of
the same dimensions) of honey, be-
tween them, so tightl}^ that it cannot
move. The outside surface of frame
becomes a part of the box, and all is
held fast by a spring hook and staple
at the top. The hook fits so snugly
that it goes on with a snap. An en-
trance for the bees is made in the end-
bar of the frame by boring with a 5-16
inch bit through the end-bar of frame,
near the lower corner. A little zinc
button is used; one end solid zinc for
closing the entrance, the other a single
queen-excluding slot; and when the
button is turned crosswise, the entrance
is then wide open.

To get these little combs of honey for
the baby nuclei, frames are made to
fit crosswise in an 8-frame, half-depth
super, and old combs are transferred
into them and given to ordinary col-
onies during a honey flow. Of course.

these may be filled with foundation,
but old combs, well iittached, are pref-
erable.

SOME INTERESTING NOTES ON THIS
METHOD OF OUEEN-REARING.

I have 1,000 of these little combs,
and 750 of the little boxes, and I be-
lieve that, with cells hatching at the
proper time, 2,000 or more queens can
be mated every thirty days, and a
large part of the labor may be per-
formed bj' a cheap man; the expert
rearing the cells and filling the boxes.
My nursery cages are so constructed
that 48 fill a standard L. frame.
There is wire cloth on each side, and a
little waxed, square, wooden cap, to
which the ripe cell is attached, exact-
ly covers one of the 48 compartments ;
a little three-cell piece of drone comb
placed in the bottom of each compart-
ment, and filled with honey from a
common, clean, oil can, furnishes
ample food for a virgin queen a week
or more, and is just what she needs.
Nurseries containing cells, are hung
in upper stories of any populous col-
onies, with laying queens, instead of
queenless colonies as many of our best
writers advocate. Queenless bees usu-
ally select and nurse a few of the vir-
gins and worry the others to death. If
placed in colonies with laying queens,
no attention is gfven the virgins and
the}' seem to fare better.

I have distributed these little nuclei
at 2:00 P. M. and at 4:00 P. M. of the
same day found many virgins mated.
These freshly mated virgins have been
picked up, and introduced to full col-
onies, when, in three days, I have
found them filling the comb with eggs.

By a mistake, 36 virgins were caged
until 18 days old, and most of them
mated within two hours after distribut-
ing the nuelei on a nice afternoon.

While I do not recommend less than
the number of bees specified, I have
had a queen mated and laying with
only ten bees, by actual count I

74

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

If baby nuclei are carried away
from all other bees to the "mating'
grounds," no robbing occurs even
though there may be a dearth of honey.
With only one little comb, and that
well filled with honey, the bees busy
themselves moving honey, clearing up
a little spot about the size of a dollar,
for the brood nest, and in secreting
wax to build little spurs from the
comb to the side of the box. When
empty, these little combs make the
nicest little brood nest for the next lot
of bees and queen, and they never fail
to accept such a spot as the proper
place to begin.

If so desired, ripe cells may be given
instead of virgins, but our progress
at turning out queens will not be so
rapid.

Upon one occasion, 57 ripe cells
from a favorite queen were given, the
nuclei hauled 15 miles to mate to

special drones, and I succeeded in get-
ting 51 laying queens from this lot.

Seventy-four baby nuclei were
pitched out under the brush the last
week in October, each containing a vir-
gin queen, and I saw them no more
until the second week in January, after
a slight freeze, yet from them I took
twenty-four laying queens. Others
perished with the cold.

The advantages of this new system
of queen mating are evident. Thou-
sands of queens may be mated without
the loss of tearing up j^our colonies into
the old style nuclei, rendering all
worthless for a crop of honey, and
weakening your full colonies; instead,
all the bees of one colony may be used
to mate several hundred queens, and,
in five or six days all may be returned
to their parental home.

Beeville, Tex., Jan. 24, 1904.

Foirtlalble MoEiiey fl®mse© aimed Tlnel^

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

©NE of the first things I learned,
with out-yards on rented ground,
was the uncertainty of how long an
apiary would be left in a certain place.
To illustrate: One yard was located
too near the highwa}', and the bees
bothered teams that went by, hence it
had to be moved to another part of the
farm. One man sold out, and the new
man wouldn't have bees on his farm
under any consideration. Then an-
other apiary was moved to a better
location. Still another was moved
from a location, that was otherwise
good, on account of thieves bothering
so much. Next spring I expect to
move ore apiary 100 miles on the cars.
All this has caused me to build every-
thing portable. The greatest diffi-

culty in this direction is that of mak-
ing a good, portable honey-house; but
I have accomplished it, and at each of
mj' apiaries I have a 12x16, sectional
house built as follows.

DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION.

The foundation is in two sections,
8x12 feet in size, and is built of 2x6
inch material, placed 16 inches apart,
with a 2x6 spiked on the ends. The
floor, like the sides of the building, is
of matched material. The sides and
ends of the house are built separate,
and are held together at the corners by
means of bolts. The posts are five
feet ten inches. The roof is one-third
pitch, is shingled, and each half is
built separate. The frame-work, ex-
cept the foundation, is all of 2 x 4 inch

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

75

material planed down to 3}i x 1^
inches, as this is heavy enoug-h for
this size of building, and makes it
lighter to handle. The rafters are
three feet apart, and the roof-boards
are planed down to U i"ch thick.
The frame for the sides is of three
sixteen-ft., and two five-ft. ten inch
pieces of 2x4. When nailed up the
three long 2 x 4's furnish a plate, a sill
and a girt. Now, this girt is placed
exactly the right distance from the
plate so that the window will just tit
in between, and slide, on the shop-
window plan. Our windows are of
the two-sashed kind, with two 12 x 28
inch g-lass in each. Then the opening
is covered with wire cloth on tlie out-
side to keep the bees from getting in,
as we usually work with the window^
open. A window of this description is
built in each side, a little in front of
the center, which brings them in tlie
part of the building where most of the
work is done. Tliis makes a light,
airy room that is a pleasure to work
in, compared to some of the small,
dark dungeons I have seen some bee-
keepers use. A 2 feet 8 inches by 6
feet 6 inches paneled door is placed in
the center of the front end.

Never use a screen-door to an ex-
tracting house. If there are any rob-
bers hanging around, there is sure to
be a herd of them at the screen-door,
ready to rush in every time the door
is opened. With a sol id- wood door,
the robbers all congregate at the
screen-windows, and do not bother at
the door.

The frames for the ends are built
similar to the ones for the sides, with
the addition of gable ends built at one-
third pitch. The end rafters of the
roof rest on the gable-ends. The
matched siding is put on up and down,
and projects down one inch below the
sill, so that the water will not crawl
in under upon the floor. The siding
on the gable-ends also projects up
enoug'h to cover the outside rafters, so

as to give a more finished appear-
ance. The foundation is made a
little scant of 12x16 ft., so that
the siding that projects down one
inch will slip over it, letting the
sill of the building rest on the floor.
The outside rafters are also pushed in
}2 inch at each end, making the roof
one inch short, so that it will come off
and go on easilj'. The corner-posts
are set in such a way that when the
building is set up the flat sides come
together, thus making it more con-
venient in bolting them together.

This rambling description will give
an idea of the principle upon which
the house is constructed, and details
can be worked out to suit one's fancy.

COST OF A HOUSE.

As to the cost of such a house, I
should put it between 40 and 50 dol-
lars. Such a house weighs about
3,000 pounds, and we draw it at one
load on our flat rack; and four men
can set it up in one hour.

LOCATING THE HOUSE.

In selecting a place for the house,
we try to set it at the lowest point in
the yard, without getting it too far
from the majority of the bees, so that
in wheeling in the honey it will be
down grade most of the time; and,
when we can, it is so placed that a
little filling in in front of the door will
allow us to run our wheelbarrow in
without any up-grade.

HAVE A SET OF TOOLS AT EACH YARD.

Each extracting house is furnished
with all the necessary implements for
handling the crop. There is no mov-
ing of extractors, tanks, etc., from one
yard to another. This is important,
and as these tools cost so little, there
is no excuse for doing all this unneces-
sary work. If we are ready to ex-
tract, we get in our buggy and drive
to any yard, and everything is ready,
or we can divide up our forces, and
extract at two or more yards the same
day.

76

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

The furniture consists of two four-
barrel, g-alvanized, steel tanks, with
1)4. inch perfection gate, one two-frame
Cowan extractor, one uncapping box,
platform scales, wheelbarrow, two
Bingham uncapping knives, besides
our smokers, veils, robber-cloths,
pails, etc. These, with the 60-pound
cans to hold the honey, and what
combs there maj' be left in the house
during the extracting, will make it
necessary to keep everything in its
place; and, even then, a good manj'
times our piles of fixtures are stacked
up clear to the roof. Sometimes we
are a little crowded, especially at the
last extracting when all our combs
come in.

We like to have our tanks large
enough to hold a day's extracting, as
we do not like to can up honey the
same day it is extracted. Our old
tanks, that we put in when we com-
menced starting out-yards, were too
small, so that we had to can some of
the forenoon's extracting to give us
room to work; but we do not like to do
this, as the honey ought to stand at
least over night, for the impurities to
separate before it is canned.

A SIMPLE, CHEAP UNCAPPING BOX.

Probably as good an uncapping box
as any is a cracker barrel with the
bottom loosened up so that the honey
will drain through and still hold the
cappings. Set the barrel over a small-
sized wash tub, having two strips of
board across the top to keep the barrel
up and out of the hone3'. These strips
of board can be let down in the tub so
the bottom of the barrel will be a little
lower than the top of the tub, then all
of the honej' will be sure to drip in-
side. If the barrel is too high, it can
be sawed off the right height. Then
there must be some kind of a frame
across the top of the barrel to rest
combs on while uncapping. When
this uncapping-box needs emptying,
we can dump the contents into a larger

barrel arranged the same way. We
aim to empty our cappings in the
morning, after thev' have drained over
night.

HOW TO ARRANGE THINGS INSIDE
THE HOUSE.

The arrangement of things inside
the house that suits us as well as any,
and probably takes up as little room
as any, is to have our tank in the
the back, left hand corner, extending
along the side. This occupies the
space between the end of the building
and the window. Then comes the ex-
tractor, with the gate toward the tank.
Next the uncapping box. Then the
hone}', as it is wheeled in, is unload-
ed on the same side next to the un-
capping box. This arrangement
leaves the middle of the room clear, so
there is nothing in the wa}' when we
wheel in our load of honey. The back
end, and right hand side near the back
end, are used as a store corner. We
also store our honey and emptj', 60-
pound cans along the right hand side
towards the front.

In my next I will give m}- method of
getting the bees off the combs, uncap-
ping and extracting.

Remus, Mich, Jan, 23, 1904.

[The reader will see that there are
two methods of managing out- apiaries;
the one described by Mr. Townsend,
that of having a good house, well-fur-
nished, at each j'ard, and thus being
able to pick up, at a moment's notice,
going with a bugg}', or on a bicycle,
and finding everj'thing right at hand
ready for work. The other method is
on the circus plan, that of not only
carrying the tools and implements
from j'ard to yard, but of carrying
along a tent to be used as an extract-
ing-house. The first mentioned plan is
more costly to inaugurate, but I be-
lieve it will be fully as satisfactory in
the end — Ed. Review]

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

77

Became© Uini<c©inmirortalbl©o

BY E. A. MORGAN.

"IN the February Review for 1903^
i page 46, appears an article by Ira
Barber, entitled "Keep Fresh Air
From the Bees," which isg-ood advice,
but the reasons given as to zv/ij the
bees roared, are away off.

It has taken him twenty years to
learn that when bees roar thej'' are
moving honey, and, instead of being
out of condition, they are as happy as
a kitten at pla}'. I have spent twenty
years in proving that when bees roar
in cellar they are out of condition, and
noi happy; neither are they moving
honey. All moving of honey is done
out in the yard in October, long before
the bees are set in, and during my
twentj' years' watch I have never
known a drop of honey to change lo-
cation in the cellar. It is a mistake to
say the bees are too warm when they
roar. They are either too cold, or the
air is too foul — generally the former.
Are bees too warm on their summer
stands when the thermometer registers
40 degrees below zero? Go out and
listen, and you'll find every strong
stock roaring for keeps — and the water
running out of the hives.

Currents of fresh air in the cellar
make the bees uncomfortable, and they
rouse up and roar for a time, then be-
come very quiet. Roaring, at any
time, is a sign of discotnfort. A cellar
or winter repository that will main-
tain a temperature of 40 degrees, re-
gardless of what it is outside, needs
little ventilation directly; but a ceiling
overhead porous enough to allow the
steam and moisture to escape without
losing the heat will be found best.

The 242 colonies mentioned under
the living rooms, which came out so
strong, had just the right ceiling to

allow the air to purify itself and be-
come changed so gradually that it was
always sweet. Had the floor above
been air-tight, the bees would have
roared. I have never had bees roar
in winter quarters but what they soon
had the dysentery, dwindled, and
died.

Yes sir, Mr. Barber, if the bees roar
they are unhappy and out of condition;
the trouble is bad food, foul air, or
too cold, and the sooner you bank up
warmer, give new food, or change air,
the better for them.

HIGH TEMPERATURE NOT DETRIMENTAL

—QUALITY OF STORES OF MOST

IMPORTANCE.

In the winter of 1887 my winter re-
pository was a cave. With 200 colo-
nies it warmed up to 50 degrees, and
even to 60 degrees, and the bees all
clustered out as they would on a hot
night in June; yet, on April 1st, I set
them out in the best condition I ever
had bees— every stock ready for the
sections, and the least consumption of
stores I ever had. The next winter
they had poor stores, roared all winter,
and dwindled down with dysentery
until they were nuclei. I would have
no draught of cold air, but I would
have porous covering so that there
would be enough ventilation to keep
the repository sweet.

EXPOSING HONEY TO ROBBERS IS NOT
ADVISABLE.

Again, on page 51 of the same issue,
is some advice how to stop robber bees
from following the apiarist from hive
to hive in doing necessary work when
no honey is coming in. Mr. C. W.
Post recommended setting out some
smeared combs for the bees to clean up.

78

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

They become busy at them, and do
not bother the rest of the day.

How such advice could be offered at
a bee convention without comment, I
cannot see. Here in Wisconsin if such
a plan were tried in an apiary of 100
colonies, it wouldn't take three
minutes to set the whole apiary in
such an uproar that the apiarist would
be glad to run for cover, not only for
that day, but for the balance of the
season; and any stocks not extra
strong would be robbed out. In times
of scarcity such a proceeding would
call out the whole flying force from
every stock in three minutes, enough
to eat up his smeared combs, and every
hive he could open would be pounced
upon with the greatest of fury, and no
further work could be thought of that
day, or the next, or the next week,

unless the flowers yielded honey again.

You may think me quite a critic but
I wish to show you that my experience
does not agree with all the rest in
everything.

don't handle skunks roughly.

One more at present and I am done.
This one from Gleanings, October 1,
1903, page 847, entitled "Trapping
Skunks in Steel Traps." The ad-
vice was that of hoisting them into a
nail keg and then drowning. Any one
acquainted with the animal knows,
without trying, that such a proceeding
would bring him to grief. I hope bee-
keepers are wise enough not to try it,
unless they wish to lose the colony
and one suit of clothing, besides
demoralizing the whole apiary.

COLBURN, Wis., Jan. 1, 1904.

'^5-^>^^==?^'i®ft^^^=:;:^<r^

BY E. W. ALEXANDER.

/g\NE of the most essential things to
^ be considered in going into a busi-
ness of any kind, is location. It
makes little difference how much
energy and skill you put into your
business, if you have a poor location
you will soon have to give it up — this
is very decidedly so in beekeeping.

IMPORTANCE OF LOCATION.

I kept bees in five different counties
in New York State before I found a
good locality — all things considered.
First, we want a succession of honey
producing flowers from early spring
until the frost comes in the fall. Then
it is very desir^ible to have one or two
special harvests of from three to six
weeks each, when our bees can gather
from five to ten pounds of honey per
day for our surplus.

Still another thing to consider, is
the distance to a railroad station. It
is also well to live within a short dis-
tance of a flourishing village or city.
I am sure I would not like to live so
isolated as some do.

NECESSITY FOR ENTHUSIASM AND
PERSEVERANCE.

Then when you have found a loca-
tion possessing all these requirements,
push for business to the utmost of your
ability. Go at it with a determination
to overcome any and every obstacle that
comes in your way. Never harbor for
a mouient the thought of giving up
to any tiling except death.

OVERSTOCKING IS A MYTH.

Now as to out-apiaries. On this
subject I must differ from some of our

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW"

79

best bee-keepers. There is nothing
connected with'_bee-keeping"that I have
studied on as^mucli. or tested so ^ex-
tensivel)', as I have out-apiaries. It
was drilled into me from my childhood
that I must establish an out-apiary as
fast as I got 100 colonies, and for the
first twenty-five or thirty years of m3'
bee-keeping life, the most of my bees
were kept in out-apiaries. After a
while I began to notice that the home-
yard, although having more colonies
than any other yard, gave me more
honey per colony than those awa.y
from home, and I was soon convinced
that the reason of this was that the
home-yard ^(5/f tlie best care. Still, I
continued to keep a large part of my
bees in out-yards. I would not give
up. Older bee-keepers told me that
bees were like stock in this respect;
they soon got all there was in a cer-
tain field, and, if I wanted to make a
success of the business, I must be very
careful not to overstock my locality.
So I persistently stuck to this theory,
even when, in my home-yard, of over
300 colonies, during basswood and
buckwheat bloom, colonies sitting on
the scales would show a gain of from
ten to eighteen pounds in twenty-four
hovirs. Still, I was afraid of over-
stocking. I don't see now how I could
have been so foolish. After a while I
began to let reason and common sense
have their wa}'. I would notice in the
spring, when the fruit trees were in
bloom, that the bees worked on them
all day, visiting the same flowers thou-
sands and thousands of times before
night. In the fall I also noticed the
same thing on catnip, motherwort,
and other honey-producing flowers.
When I set out a lot of waste honey,
as soon as the bees had licked it up,
they would leave the place where it
was. This taught me that the}' will
not spend their time where they can not
o;et anything. Then, such writers as
Doolittle told us they were sure bees
would go three or four miles to work

on teasels and basswood; and, in the
meantime, I had found out that they
frequently do go three miles and over
to work on buckwheat, so I reasoned
to myself that if the flowers secreted
nectar all day, and perhaps during
warm nights, and the bees could visit
hone3'-producing flowers within a
circle seven or eight miles or more in
diameter, the likelihood of overstocking,
even in an ordinary locality, was
rather slim. So, for the last few
years, I have been gradually enlarg-
ing the home apiary. Last summer
we kept about 700 colonies in the home-
yard and we intend to have many
more the coming summer; and the best
of it all is we get as inuch honey per
colony from this large apiary as from
small apiaries five miles away, so I
am thoroughly convinced that over-
stocking in an ordinarily good locality
is only imaginary; and that out-apia
ries, as they are generally run by those
that have less than 700 or 800 colonies,
are a big lot of trouble, a good deal of
expense, and not half as profitable as
they would be if all were kept in one
yard. My advice is, consolidate vour
business; have it so that you can at-
tend to anything.

Keep bees that have been bred from
the best honey gathering strains of
Italians that we have' in this' country.
Then see to it that your hives are
crowded with a large working force
just before your harvest for surplus
honey commences, and you will not
have to worry yourself about over-
stocking.

This is something that requires long
experience, for our seasons are so
changeable that it cannot be proven
with a few bees in two or three sum-
mers. I might have 200 or 300 colonies
in a yard this summer, and they give
me a fine surplus; next summer I
might have only fifty colonies in the
same yard, and get no surplus what-
ever. All that would be proven would
be that one season was much better

80

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

than the other. Too many people are
inclined to jump at conclusions, and
take this and that for granted, when
they have no positive proof. I have
had hundreds of colonies starving
when the roadside and fields were
white with clover, and in three days
they would be getting honey faster
than we could give them room to store
it.

CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR A
HONEY-FLOW.

I think our honey harvests depend
almost wholly upon certain conditions
of the atmosphere. Give me a hot,
damp summer, when we have frequent
thunder and lightning, with most of
the showers going around us, and the
flowers will fairly rain honejs but
with cold, cloudy, windy weather,
bees will get no honey, even if hives
axe Jive miles apart.

WEATHER CONDITIONS, NOT SIZE OF
APIARY, DECIDE THE CROP.

During last August, while our buck-
wheat was in bloom, we had verj'
cold, wet, disagreeable weather, eleven
days at one time, and the bees got
little or nothing, but, as soon as it be-

gan to warm up again they got honey
very fast — I think it is the same all
over.

My oldest son spent three winters in
Cuba with Osborn, prior to the out-
break of the Spanish-American war.
Osborn had, at that time, perhaps the
largest apiary in the world. "When
the weather was all right his bees
gathered honey faster than it could be
extracted with a 24-frame extractor
run by steam, then, as soon as the
wind would get into the north, and it
became cold and cloudy, there was no
honey in the flowers, and the bees
were ready to rob anything they could
get at. Osborn was a man of wide
experience, and had studied the sub-
ject all the way from a small apiary
to one of nearly one thousand colonies,
and, like myself, was very doubtful
about overstocking a fairly good lo-
cation in a good season; and we all
know that, with poor seasons, our sur-
plus honey amounts to little or noth-
ing. With due respect for all those
who difl^er from me upon this impor-
tant subject, I bring this article to a
close.

Delanson, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1904.

^m^%^*^m. ^Mj^^m^%. ^M^tj^^m. tm^^M^^m^t «^^<i^ir«iA^iUV^* <i»*^U»«^« «t>^" <^«Xrf«jr" ■ ^i^^a^rf* <«jr«rf«.<^" *«^^^^ir" ^^^^rf^*'* ^'^Kd^-^*.

Eight Extra Pages this month. In
giving these I also give thanks to the
advertisers who made them necessar3\

>oni^*F*»»»»^

Mr. T. F. Bingham, of Farwell,
Michigan, writes me that his bees in a
cellar (built like a cistern) are winter-
ing perfectly.

This Issue of the Review will go to
hundreds of bee-keepers who are not
subscribers. To such I would say
that it will probably be to our mutual
advantage if they will read pages 94,
95 and 96.

The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will hold its
annual convention March 30th and
31st at Montague Hall, 127 Front St.,
Traverse City, Michigan. A. I. Root
and the editor of the Review expect to
be present.

«^*^«^^« •mWtf

Officers elected at the last Mich-
igan State Bee-Keepers' convention
are as follows: President, W. Z.
Hutchinson, Flint; Vice-President,
Elmore Hunt, Bell Branch; Secretary,
E. B. Tyrrell, Davison; Treasurer,
A. D. D. Wood, Lansing.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

81

Six-Penny casiyjg, not finishing,
nails are what Mr. Tyrell uses for
supporting- tlie frames in his hives.
Finishing- nails are smaller than cas-
ings nails.

St. Louis has been chosen as the
place for holding- the next meeting- of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
and the time will be about the first of
October. I consider the time and place
well chosen. We will all wish to at-
tend the World's Fair, rates will be
low, and the meeting will come after
the busy work of the season is past.
It is quite likely that representatives
from other countries will be present,
and that the meeting- will be such as
to almost merit tlie name of Inter-
national.

The Rocky Mountain Bee Journal
has raised the price to one dollar a
3'ear, and promises to make the paper
enoug-h better to correspond with the
raise in price. A pretty hard propo-
sition, Bro. Morehouse, to make your
paper twice as g-ood as it has been,
but maybe you can do it. Bro. More-
house has found, as I think all will
find who enter the field of apicultural
journalism, that, unless it is in con-
nection with the supply business, it is
impossible to furnish a g-ood journal,
even monthly, for less than one dollar
a year. Class journals must, of neces-
sity, be higher in price than those of
a general character, because there are
fewer people interested in them, and
the circulation must be limited. A bee
journal published in connection with a
supply business can, of course, be
published at a lower price, as, in one
sense, it is a big advertisement for the
firm that publishes it. The only hope
for a bee journal, pure and simple, is
to make itself so good and so valuable
that bee-keepers must have it, even if
the price is a little higher than that of
general newspapers and magazines.

brightening up the advertising

PAGES.

For several months I have felt that
the advertising pages of the Review
had been a trifle neglected. Mr.
Hartshorn has also been reminding
me that the advertisements, or some of
them, ought to be re-set, and made
more modern. Finally, the tempta-
tion to do the work with my own
fingers became so strong that I sent
away for some new type and borders,
and for the last two weeks, or more, I
have spent a part of each day fairly
reveling among the type. Some of the
advertisements I have worked over
until they seem to me almost like my
own children. Please read these ad-
vertisements, patronize the advertisers,
tell them you saw their advertisement
in the Review, and you will do us all
a favor.

THE DATE OI<^ THE REVIEW.

As a rule, the last form of the Re-
view is printed about the 10th of the
month. After this, comes the folding,
stitching, trimming and wrapping up
for the mail. By the time it reaches
its readers it is about the middle of
the month — perhaps a little later than
that in some of the more distant States.
Being dated the 10th, and not reaching
its readers until from the I5th to the
20th, gives the impression that it is
late — that it is behind the times. The
fact that most of the monthly mag-
azines are printed, and even reach
their readers, ahead of theirdate, helps
to give this impression about the Re-
view. Occasionally I get a letter of
complaint, or criticism, saying that
about the only fault to find with the
Review is that it is always from a
week to ten days late. One man who,
by mistake, had been sent a circular
soliciting his subscription, after he
had already subscribed, was quite in-
dignant— said I "better use some of
my energy in getting the Review out
on time, instead of trying to get more

82

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

subscribers." I find, also, that manj'
readers have not even noticed that it
has been dated the 10th, instead of the
1st, as do the other monthlies. Con-
sidering- all this, I have changed the
date to the IStli, in order that the date
may more perfectly fit the existing- con-
ditions. The Review is expected to
reach its readers not far from the mid-
dle of the month, and this time is
chosen that it may come at a time
when they are not receiving the usual
g-rist of mag-azines that put in their
appearance about the first of the
month.

• "j^^**.-" * ■

THE METHOD OF FORETELLING SWARM-
ING IS TO BE PATENTED.

Last month I explained that there
was a New York bee-keeper who had
a method of telling, without opening-
the hive, when a colon\' was making-
preparations for swarming-, and that
he would publish it if enoug-h bee-
keepers would pay him a small sum
each. The reason for taking this
course was that he considered the idea
as unpatentable. Since his interview
with me he has been consulting a
patent attorney who lias assured him
that the greater part of his arrange-
ment is patentable, enough so that no
one could use it without infringing the
patent, and he has decided to patent
the plan and sell rights for its use.
As soon as a patent has been g-ranted,
the device will be described in the
Review and rights offered for sale.

Gus dittmer's factory and office

IS BURNED — HELP AN UNFORTU-
NATE COMRADE.

On the 20th of Februarj- the factory
and office of Gus Dittmer, of Aigusta.
Wisconsin, went up in smoke. Be-
sides the loss of tools and machiner\',
there were burned about 6,000 pounds
of foundation and 2,000 pounds of wax.
The loss of the office with its papers.

mailing list, addresses, orders, etc.,
together witli the mail that came in
during the morning of that day, bring-s
a great annoyance. Fortunately, the
warehouse, containing two carloads of
goods did not burn, and Mr. Dittmer
can fill orders promptly, even now,
for anj^thing except foundation. He
he lias boug-hta portion of the old high
school building, which stood across
tlie street, and expects to be running
again, making foundation, by the last
of this month.

Now then, Mr. Dittmer is not ask-
ing for charity, but it would be of
great help to liim just now if tliose
who are owing him would remit
promptly. A dollar will be worth two
dollars in two or three months from
now. He needs orders. He needs
wax. I tliink there is no other dealer
or manufacturer whj will find the
least bit of fault if, just at present,
Mr. Dittmer is given a little prefer-
ence in the way of oi'ders. Anything
in this line would be appreciated —
shipments of wax will be especially
welcome, and the highest price will be
paid. Another thing-, if 3'ou have sent
Mr. Dittmer an order, or written him
any letter from whicli you have re-
ceived no answer, write and tell him
about it, for, you must remember, his
offic2 and contents were completely
destroyed. Tliis notice is written with
mingled feelings of sorrow and pleas-
ure— regret that there should be any
necessity for such a notice, and hope
that its publication may be the means
of Iielplng Bro. Dittmer in picking up
the severed threads of his business.

MEMORIES OF THE WISCONSIN AND
OTHER POEMS, BY HARRY LATHROP.

At last bee-keepers have been honor-
ed by the publication of a book of
poems, written by one of their number,
Harry Lathrop, of Monroe, Wisconsin.
The poems are not tliosa of deep, doubt-
ful, hidden meanings, but mostly of

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

83

descriptive verse, telling- of vifinding-
rivers; pebbly beaches; sunlit, leafy
dells; old mills; old red bridges — let
me g"ive a list of the poems: Memories
of the Wisconsin, The River, The
Eagles, The Fish, The Old Home,
The Outing, POO-eee, Mirror Lake,
The Kansas Emigrants of 1856, To a
Babe, The Man Who Laughs, Spring
Loves, Echoes of Boyhood, "J. B. S.,"
Church Service at Mineral Point, The
Little Sisters, Death of the Brakeman,
The Evening Camp, A Bad Nose, Wis-
consin Winter, Against One-Man Rule
in Politics, The Country Store, Re-
union Greeting, Lines on the Death of
my Cousin's Young Daughter, "Hattie
B.," Admonition, The Dandelions,
The Old Mill, Summer Thoughts,
Autumn, A Gloomy Day, The Bridge,
A Famous Cow, The Milkmaid, The
Auctioneer, Honey Plants, Honey,
The Bees, Co-operation, Linden Blos-
soms, Epitaph, The Pierced Rock,
Bee-Keeper's Song, and the Village of
Hanover.

There is an excellent portrait of the
author, and a dozen other illustrations,
mostly full-page, illustrative of the
verses. The book is printed on heavy.
Cameo Plate paper, and bound in a
very heav3% tough paper of cream5%
wavy make, dashed here and there
with little flakes of reddish brown, and
the lettering is in gilt with a border
of soft brown. There are between 60
and 70 pages, and the price is 50 cents.
It can be ordered of tlie author, who
is now at Bridgeport, Wisconsin, or
the orders may be sent to the Review
office. I will send the Review one
year and the book for only $1.25.

THE I.ESSON OF THE PAST WINTER.

Years ago the losses were heavy in
the wintering of bees; then came a
period of a dozen or more years in
which bees wintered well, and I fear
that this long period of success lulled
many bee-keepers into a fancied se-

curity, bordering upon carelessness.
As a result, the losses in the Northern
States, particularly among bees
wintered out of doors, have been un-
usually heavy. Or course, the winter
has been one of unusual severity. In
my 50-odd years of life I have no re-
membrance of more snow and cold
weather. The temperature has been
low, and continued so for a long time.
To endure such conditions, colonies
must be populous, well-protected, and
well-supplied with good stores. If out
of doors, each colony must be entirely
surrounded with several inches of dry
sawdust or chaff, and there must be
opportunity for the moisture to pass
off through the packing overhead, and
ventilation above the packing. With
such winters as that just passed, I think
no protection is equal to that furnished
by a good cellar, or special repositorj%
beyond the reach of the outside tem-
perature. In an open w'nter, with its
frequent opportunities for flight, bees
out of doors, if well protected, have an
advantage over those in a cellar, but,
in a severe winter, the reverse is true,
while in a warm winter the bees in a
good cellar will winter just as well as
they will in a cold winter. In cellar-
wintering we are master of the condi-
tions, we can have them the same every
year, while out of doors we have no
control of the temperature — of its sever-
ity or duration. Bees in the open air
are compelled to consume large quanti-
ties of honey in keeping up the animal
heat, their intestines become overload-
ed, and we all know the results. In a
warm cellar not more than half as
much honey is consumed, hence the
ability to withstand a longer period of
confinement without injury. There is
no need to enlarge on these points, as
all well-informed bee-keepers are
familiar with them, and the moral is
to winter bees in-doors in those lati-
tudes where winters are likely to be
as severe as the one just past here in
the North.

84

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Those who have lost bees should not
be discouraged, but, instead, g-o to
work and build up again; at the same
time making a resolve, deep, long and
wide, never to be again caught as thej'
have this time. Don't take chances
that can be avoided. Don't "hope the
coming winter will be a mild one."
Instead, make every preparation for a
winter like last winter. If it doesn't
come you will be just as well off — if it
does, you will be much better off.

There is no industry in which a man
can so rapidly recover his loss as in
that of bee-keeping. The hives and
combs are left, and only one season,
sometimes less, is required to re-stock
them. I have never forgotten that I
one year, bj' the use of foundation and
plenty of queens, built up three colo-
nies to 33, and wintered them success-
fully. When cholera gets into a herd
of swine and sweeps it away, it is a
dead loss. The same when floods
drown out crops. When bees die in
winter, as I have already explained,
the hives and combs are left, and it
takes but a short time to re-stock them.

There is still another point, I have
always noticed that a severe winter,
when there was plenty' of snow and
cold, was usually followed by a good
honey season. The man who winters
his bees then has the advantage of
producing a big crop at a time when
prices are likely to be high. We may
talk and advise as much as we please,
there will always be careless bee-
keepers who neglect their bees; so,
learn to winter your bees every ivinter.
You can do it. If the loss of the
past winter spurs you on to take
better care of your bees hereafter, so
as to avoid future loss, it may have
been a blessing in disguise.

Cellar-wintering is the thing- for this
Northern climate. There is no ques-
tion of it. Bees can be wintered out of
doors, even in Northern Michigan, but
the cellar is much safer and more
economical.

HOW SHALL THE MEMBERS OF A BEE-
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION BE INDUCED
TO REMAIN MEMBERS YEAR
AFTER YEAR?

For _vears the meeting of the National
Association was simply a local gather-
ing of bee-keepers in that part of the
country in which the convention was
held. A few of the more prominent
bee-keepers, the editors of some of the
journals, and a few^ supply-dealers,
also attended, but the great mass of
each convention lived within 100 miles
of the place of meeting. These men
came in, paid their dues, then the next
year they dropped out, and a new set
came in from a new locality and took
their places. There was no perma-
nency of membership, and but little
permanent good accomplished. Final-
ly some motives, some selfish motives,
were found for inducing members to
remain as members, even if they did
not attend the annual convention once
in ten years — or perhaps never. The
members were given help when unjust-
ly prosecuted; the money was used to
prosecute adulterators of honey, to aid
in securing desirable legislation, and
the like. Good, substantial induce-
ments were offered a bee-keeper to be-
come a member, and to remain a mem-
ber. Since then the Association has
flourished as a green bay tree, and be-
come a power for good.

The same trouble, in holding mem-
bership, applies to local or State As-
sociations. We now have one induce-
ment to offer a member of a local as-
sociation, and that is a membership
in the National at one-half what it
would cost him to join the National
direct. But we need something more
than this, and the Michigan State As-
sociation has discussed this subject
quite extensively during the last two
conventions that it has held. Two
plans have been favored, one that of
buj'ing supplies as an Association,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

85

thus getting- them at wholesale; the
other that of advertising- tlie honey of
its members, thus lielping- them to
mal<e sales. As being- easier to put
into execution, it was voted at the last
meeting to use what money there was
in the treasury in adopting the latter
plan — helping the members to sell their
honey. About the first of August each
member is to report to the Secretary
tlie number of pounds of honey he has,
whether comb or extracted, the quality,
how put up, etc. The secretary will
tabulate these, giving the names and
addresses of the members, the amount
and kind of honey appearing opposite
each respective name and address.
This will all be printed on a neat
folder, giving the advantages of honey
as a -food, some receipts for cooking
with honey etc. Tlien an advertise-
ment will be inserted among the
"liners" of soi-ne daily paper having a
large circulation in the State, saying
that the names and addresses of the
members of the State Association of
the bee-keepers, together witli the
amounts and Icinds of honey they have
for sale, will be sent free to any ad-
dress, thus enabling consumers to buy
honey direct from the producer. Upon

receipt of responses from the advertis-
ing, the Secretary will mail the folders.
Some of the members of the Associ^ition
often wish to buy honey, instead of
selling, and this list will be a help to
them in that respect. Some of the sup-
ply-dealers have offered to help out a
little by putting advertisements in the
folder. If there are any bee-keepers
in Michigan who are not members of
the State Association, who wish to be-
come such, let them send their dollar
to the Secretary, Mr. E. B. Tyrrell,
Davison, Michigan. This will not
onlj^ make them members of the State
Association, but also of the National,
and, in addition, as just explained,
their names and addresses, with the
amount of honey they have for sale,
will go out on the folder. The publi-
cation of the names and addresses, to-
gether with the amount of honey pro-
duced, as published in the report of
the General Manager of the National
Association, helped many of the mem-
bers in disposing of their crops, and
it is expected that this plan will act
in a similar way, with this addition,
that special pains will be taken to get
the list into the hands of actual con-
sumers.

SHOOK-SWARMING.

Shaking two big Colonies into one Hive.

Sonnething About the Building of

Drone Comb.

When bees build their own combs
without the use of foundation, except
as starters, the question of drone
comb is most important. Before they
have swarmed there is no question that
they build it for the purpose of rear-
ing drones. In the earlier days of my
bee-keeping I once took a comb or two

of bees and brood from the center of
each of about 25 strong colonies, mak-
ing up some five or six colonies from
these combs, giving each a queen.
This was just before swarming-time,
and I thought that these strong colo-
nies could spare these extra combs
just as well as not, that it would re-
tard swarming a few days, and allow
them to get a little better start in the
sections. The colonies thus formed
were a success, but, as I used starters
only in the frames, every frame put in
the place of a removed comb, was filled
solid full of drone comb, and the combs

86

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

filled with drone brood. Some of the
colonies swarmed before the}' had com-
pleted the drone combs that they were
building-, but when the svvarms were
hived in empty brood-nests, empty ex-
cept starters in the fraines, everj'
swarm built zvorkcr comb. Bees that
were building- drone comb in the parent
hive in the morning-, were building-
worker comb in tlie afternoon, in the
new hive. In the old hive there would
soon be young- queens to be fertilized,
hence, the need of drones. In the new
hive there was a fertile, laying- queen,
and no probability of rearing- an}'
more young- queens that j'ear.

If the bees have an old queen, and
the bees g-et the start of her in comb-
building-, so that it is used to store
honey in, I have found them building-
drone or store-comb for this purpose.
In an article published in Gleaning-s
of Dec. 15th, 1903, I find that Mr. M.
A. Gill, of Colorado, does not take ex-
actly the latter view, viz., that bees
build drone comb for store comb,
and, in g-iving his views, he incidental-
ly mentions how he sometimes shakes
two colonies into one, when he cares
more for hone}' than for increase. The
way in which he manages this seems
to me the most valuable information
that he gives, but, in order to make it
all plain, I will copy his entire article.
He says:

Mr. Root: — I see quite often that
some writer advises against tlie use of
starters, claiming that it can not be
done without filling the hives with
worthless drone combs. Now, I prac-
tice forced swarming; but when I
make a swarm I make a rousing big
one, and usually hang over one or two
frames from the parent hive that are
filled with honey, larvae and eggs, so
the queen does not get any immediate
relief from those combs. I am not one
of those who believe that bees prefer to
store honey in drone comb, and I think
the facts will bear me out.

Who has not noticed that any time
before swarming, and after a colony
has become quite prosperous, if a
frame with starter only is given either
at the side or in the center of the

cluster, the bees will almost invaria-
bly build drone comb? It is not be-
cause the bees need the room to store
honey, but it is because they, true to
instinct, want drones, as they intend,
perhaps, to swarm later on. The time
is ripe for them to do so, and they will
build at least three-fifths drone comb
in all the room yon will allow them to
have at this time. They do it bscause
they want drone3, not bscause they
prefer it for storage purpjses. Now,
take this same colony that is building
so much drone comb. It may, perhaps,
have cell cups, with eggs in (but it
matters not if it doesn't), and shake it
into an empty hive; hang in one frame
of eggs and larvie, and hang in frames
with only starters, and see what the
bees will do.

These bees have swarmed, and no
one knows it better than they do.
They have a fertile queen, hence no
use for drones; but they want workers
for the season's work, and the same
bees that were so persistently building
drone comb last week are now just as
persistently building worker comb,
and will continue to if the flow is good,
until the body of the hive is full of
comb, which it will be in from eight
to ten days, and 95 per cent will be
worker comb; atid if the queen is a
good one, from five to seven of these
combs will be well filled with brood.
The time is ripe for raising workers,
just as last week was for raising
drones. Of course, this swarm was
given the super oflf from the old colony
at the time of making that was full of
bees, bait-combs, and full starters; so
if they needed storage room they had
it.

Friend Morrison, in criticising my
plan, tells how much better I would
like his plan of using a half-depth
story filled with wired foundation;
then, he says, in four or five days they
are ready for a super. I will ask Mr.
Morrison to g^o with me while I niake
a swarm, and bring along his little
half story to put the swarm in.

Here is this pair of hives. They are
eight-frame hives, full of bees from the
bottom-board to the top of the super,
and I will warrant them to have fifteen
frames of brood. One colony is very
nearly ready to swarm, and the other
has eggs in the cell cups. I am going
to shake all the bees from both colonies
into one, and take the queen from this
one with one frame of brood to give
the new swarm. Say, Mr. Morrison,
you will have to set that little "rig-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

gin" of yours to one side. It's too
much like "baby bee-keeping-" for me,
for it won't liold half of these bees.
Hand me that eight-frame hive with a
full set of starters only, and remember
there are two supers full of bees at
work in the sections to go on top of
this; yet you see iny swarm is ready
for the super now instead of waiting
three or four days. When I come here
again in six days it will need the
third super.

Say, Mr. Morrison, isn't that swarm
a whopper? Do j'ou know I think
there are 75,000 bees? Yes, thej' will
be all settled down to business like a
niitural swarm. You see they got well
mixed and daubed when I shook them.
No, there is no danger of their going
off. They won't go without a queen,
and she can't go unless she goes on
foot, as she is clipped.

You see, I have set one of those old
hives of brood on top of the other,
right behind where the pair sat, and
facing the other way. When I come
again in six days I will shake a lot
more bees into this one from those old
combs, and face it around here where
it belongs. Next time I come around
1 will work all the brood into one
hive, and put on a super; then I have
the other hive to use somewhere else.
No danger of this one swarming, and
this colon}' will be just as good as
Jumbo there the last half of July and
all of August, at which time of the
year our best surplus-honey season
comes.

No, I don't do this with all my bees,
but I do it with a great man}' when I
don't want a>/v increase.

BEE PARALYSIS.

Some Expeiience Pointing to the Value
of Sulphur as a Cure.

Bee Paralj'sis has never done very
much damage in the Northern States,
but in the South it sometimes causes
as much havoc as does foul brood.
Exactly what causes the disease, and
how it is communicated from colony to
colony, if it is so communicated, has
not been determined. Salt and sul-
phur have both been recominended as
a remedy, with the odds, perhaps, in

favor of the latter. I think the strong-
est evidence I have ever seen of the
efficacy of sulphur, was that given by
Mr. O. O. Poppleton in an article that
he furnished the American Eee-Keeper
last August. In this article Mr. Pop-
pleton says:

I promised some time ago that as
soon as I knew the result of certain
experiments not then finished, I would
write out some of my experiences with
bee paral3^sis in my apiary.

The disease is more widespread and
serious than most bee-keepers realize.
Twice within the last twenty 3'ears it
has lessened the season's receipts froin
my apiary over twenty-five per cent.,
entailing a loss of about fifteen thou-
sand pounds of honey and quite a
number of colonies of bees. There is
more or less of it every year.

The disease itself is exceedingly er-
ratic— comes and goes without an}' ap-
parent cause, and without strictly fol-
lowing an/ rule. Colonies in perfect
health will sometimes be attacked
suddenly, and in a very short time be
reduced to nuclei. At other times
a diseased colony will suddenly re-
cover without any known cause. For
this no rule can be made by experi-
ments with any one or even a few colo-
nies. And now, after a personal ex-
perience with over two hundred
diseased colonies, I more than ever
realize how little we really know of
the nature, cause, prevention or cure
of the disease. While I am satisfied
that it is to a limited extent contagious,
I do not know exactly how the con-
tagion is communicated. While in
Washington, just after the Philadel-
phia convention, Mr. Benton intro-
duced me to Dr. Howard, United
States Entomologist, and I had a short
talk with him about his division mak-
ing a scientific investigation of the
disease. He asked me to call on him
in his office and talk the matter over;
but when I did so he was out. I was
disappointed, as I hoped through him
to get some real, definite knowledge of
the disease and how to fight it. I still
hope that some practical scientist will
do this work for us.

I have not yet learned how the con-
tagion, if any. is communicated, but
I think through dead or diseased bees
only. Last se^ison I made some ex-
periments to learn whether combs,
honey or brood carried it, by taking
away all the brood from what diseased

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

colonies I had and g-iving- them to cer-
tain nuclei. I built up six nuclei by
giving them brood from diseased colo-
nies, and so far (nearly a j-ear after-
wards) only one of these colonies has
shown any signs of the disease.

As several other colonies have taken
the disease this spring-, it is not very
likely that this one took it because of
these combs of brood and honey. That
five out of six failed to take the disease
after nearly a j-ear has passed, looks
as though it will be as safe to use all
combs of either honey or brood. This
simplifies the problem of what to do
with diseased colonies and saves the
loss of combs and brood as in cases of
foul-brood.

Several years ag^o nearly or quite
one-third of my apiary was diseased
and the prospect was that I might
have to abandon bee-keeping because
of it, after nearly half of the diseased
colonies had died. Experimenting-
with all the methods of cure I could
hear of, the use of sulphur proved the
only method of any value. This I ap-
plied to three or four colonies at a
time, then in a few days to a few more.
Then, after an interval to more and so
on, until all had been treated. The
result was the entire cure of each col-
ony treated in the order of their treat-
ment, while not a colony in the yard
recovered until a certain time after
treatment, showing conclusively that
it was the treatment which affected a
cure. I have used the same method
more or less since then, but not to so
g-reat an extent. Out of some forty or
fiftj' altogether which I have treated,
all were cured by one treatment ex-
cept three which required a second
treatment each. As many have re-
ported failures in treating diseased
colonies with sulphur, it looks as
though they must have misapplied the
sulphur in some way, and I think it
will be best to g-ive in detail the way
I have used it.

For reasons I will give later on in
this, I always go to the colonj' I am
to treat, during- the day, and take
away all the combs that contain brood,
or, at least, unsealed brood or eggs,
and give to some other colony; then in
the evening, as soon as the bees have
quit work and all are at home, I pro-
ceed to dust sulphur over every comb
in the hive and, if possible, on every
bee in the hive. I never measure the
exact amount of sulphur used, but pre-
sume about a tablespoonful to every
three or four combs in the hive. I do

the work by taking- what sulphur I can
hold between mj^ thumb and first two
fing-ers and dusting- same over first one
side and then the other of each comb,
bees and all; also over any collection
of bees there may be off the combs in
any part of the hive. My aim is to
have a thin dusting- of the sulphur over
every bee and every comb in the hive.
The thinner the dusting the better so
it reaches everything^ in the hive. I
tried using an insect powder gun, but
couldn't do as good work as I could
with my fingers. The next day after
doing- this dusting-, I carry back to the
hives the same number of combs and
brood as I had taken away.

The reason for taking away brood
before dusting the combs, and return-
ing again afterwards, is because the
dusting of combs not onl}' kills all the
unsealed brood in the combs, but ruins
these same combs for brood-raising.
If such combs are left in the hive, all
eggs deposited in them will hatch out
all right, but the larvae will die as
soon as hatched. B3' giving these same
combs to strong colonies, they will
clean them out and use them all right,
and no loss of combs will result.

For a week after dusting a diseased
colon)' with sulphur, fully as manj^ or
more bees will be dying as before the
dusting; and this fact maj- lead some
to think the "cure" is not a cure. It
will take a couple of weeks before one
can tell whether the treated colony is
cured or not.

Diseased colonies are usually very
weak in number after being cured, and
are of very little, if any more, value
than a good nucleus. I have doubts
whether it really pays to cure them
except such as can be treated very
early in the season, before nuclei can
be profitably made. For the last year
I have adopted the plan of curing such
colonies as needed it as early as the
middle of February, or even earlier;
after that I make as many nuclei as is
needed for the purpose, and as soon as
they have a young laying queen I take
away the combs from these nuclei,
thus giving the brood to these nuclei,
thus building up into good colonies
and destroy all the diseased bees with
sulphur fumes.

In changing combs from diseased to
other colonies I am very particular to
know that each comb is aboslutely free
from bees, especially of dead ones that
may be in some empty cells. Diseased
bees quite often crawl into empty cells
to die.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

89

liven Foundation Press

FOR SALE

■11 is acknowledged by all wlio have used comb
undation mide on the Given press, that snch
nndatioti has no s\iperior. It is softer than
jer foundation, and more quickly accepted
Bd worked by the bees. The late 'Dr. A. I).
■son had one of these presses ana used it with
tat satisfaction : taking excellent care of it, so
It it is practically as good as new. His family
„» no use for the press, and wonld be glad to
ell it. Any reasonable offer would be consider-
Address 304-tf

18 Walnut St.

EL,I.IS E. MASON,

Toledo. Ohio

"The Best is None Too Good."

B We are Rooking orders now for Hall's Strains
fof Superior, Golden, Improved, hive-B.inded,
jteather Colored, and Caniiolan Stock. Turely
I Mated queens, ft. 25 each, or si.'s for J6.00;
[twelve for |io 00. Untested, either strain, $100
teach, or six for J.5 00; twelve for $91x1. Te.-^ted
[I1.50: Select J,^ 00. Best $5 00 Safe arrival and
[ aatisfaction guaranteed. Write for Descriptive
Circular.
I T S. HALIv,

[yf^l-it Jasper, Pickius Co , Georgia.

HOT IH THE Tf^XJST.

The oldest bee supply store in
the East. .Sells best goods at
former prices. Send lor cata-
log. Successor to A. J. King.

. a. H- JVI. COOK. Tievu York City
3-04-4t 70 Coftlandt St.

SPECIAL

FOR

March AND April

No. 1 Sections, $+.00; No. 2, $3.50,
Plain Section 25 cts less. Dovetailed
Hives, 8-fraiTie, iji Story, in lots of
10, $1.25 each; lots of 2:), $1.15 each;
lots of 50, $1.10, 10-frame for 15 cts
more per hive. The Poor Man's Hive,
rabbeted, $1.00. Foundation, Smokers,
Frames, etc., in stock. Price list free.

W. D. SO PER,
304-tf R. F. D. No. 3, Jackson, Mich

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPIi.

A large, hani.soine engraving, iS x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
thepicttire itSL'lf." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, H. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

Beekeepers' Supplies

and Queens for sale by W. B. Vaughan

Newburg, N. Y.
3-04-3t 45 Sinith, St.

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. B5' sending- your order now j^ou will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1904
Catalogue and Illustrated Price List— free for the asking:.

.•\-o4-6t

iBEp@ ^^fjp TSg;^ ^' l^Tagi'g ^^5f IP^^® ^^^'^ ''^^ ^*^^

90

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

m^^^^

<^^ '^i^ '^S^' ■<=^' ■'si.- '<^' ^^' '^^- '^^

f

#
w
w

f
w

m

m

m
m

QUiRiN^v;:;;.

Has a strain of Italian bees in which prolificness and hone}'-
g-atliering- are developed to a high de<^ree. His location fur-
nishes a continuous honey-flow throughout the season, while
the broad, extended prairie surrounding- his yard allows of no
undesirable drones in bee-trees. He expects to keep on hand
from 600 to 1,200 queens, and be able to fill orders by return
mail, guaranteeing safe arrival, at the following prices ; —

Before July After July ist

One Six Twelve One Six Twelve

Select Ji.oo $5.00 $9.00 .75 J4.00 J7.00

Tested 1.50 8.00 i ,00 1,00 s.oo 9.00

Select Tested . 2,00 lo.oo 18.00 t.30 8.00 15.00

Breeders 4.00 3.(0 15.00

Straight five-banded breeders 6.00 5. 00

Two-frame Nucleu-i, no ([ueen, 2.50 14.00 25.00 2.25 12.00 22.00

Full colony, on eight frames, 6.00 30.00 4.00 22.00

Send for Circular giving many particulars that lack of
space forbids mention here. POINDING CARTONS at

only $4.00 M, so long as present stock lasts.

QUlRlfl-TJlE-QUEEJl-BHEEDER, Bellevue, Ohio

^^^ ^^^ ^^J^ :^^^ I

J '=:-^« ^=5^- '^^^ ^^' ^^ci.- ^^- ^vi.- ^^' ''^- ^^« ^?i.- ^=:2i-

Root's Goods at Root's Prices.

Choice While Wyandotes and Barred
Rocks. Best strain Italian queens. Send
for circular J. F. MICHAEL,

l-04-tf RFDi. Wincbeiiter, Ind.

— If you aie ^oing to-

BtlY A BUZZ -SAW,

write tx) the editor of the liEViE^. Ha has •]
aew Harnub eaw to eell and would be k^hiI tol
make .vou hapjiy by telling you the price nil
which he wnnld sell it.

PATEINX, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24
YEIARS the: BEIST. CATALOG FREIEI.
. F. BINGHAM, FA R\A/E:L.I_, MICH.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

91

^^^^5

Our old quarters. The demands of a rapidly increasing-
business liave moved us. We are now located at 51 Wal-
nut St. We have increased facilities, and a new, well-
supplied, up-to-date stock— everything- that bee-keepers
demand. The best bee-supplies in America. Special
discounts for early orders. Send for catalog. Queen
Bees and Nuclei in season. Correspondence solicited.

( We're successors to nobody, and nobody's successor lo us.)
51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
3-04-8t

100

sheets of letter paper,
6x9 inches in size, of
theheaviest, finest qual-
ity, with your name,
business and address neatly printed at
the top and the sheets put up in a neat
pad, and

<^ y*^ y"^ white-wove high-cut
I ■ mm m envelopes, of the best
B^^^^ quality, with your
name, address and busi-
ness, printed on the upper left hand cor-
'ner, will be sent by mail, prepaid, for only

$1.25

I2.00.

w.

or the Review one
■ year, and this batch of

stationery for only
Z' Hutchinson,

Flint, Mich.

Protbero & Arnold, DuBois

PENNSYLVANIA

Are handling Root's Goods in car
loads, at factory prices — wholesale and
retail. The best of shipping facilities.
•04-4t Please mention the Review.

BEES and QUEEflS

AND

Stanley IneubatoFs

Full Colony, with tested queen,
in 10-frome, L. hive, S5.00.

Nueleus, on three L. frames,
S2.OO. Price of queen to be
added.

Queens, warranted, 75 cts each,
or $7.00 a dozen; tested, $1.25
eztch, or $10.00 a' dozen; best
breeding queens, $2.00 to
$3.00 each.

Ineubatop and Brooder (patent-
ed), best on the market for
rearing and caring for
queens, complete, $5.00.

gueen Cells, 100 mounted, with
sample of Cylinder cag-e,
sent postpaid for 75 cts.

flRTjiUR STRHliEY,

Dixon, Illinois.

92

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

^ Root's Goods Sold in

^ Michigan by IM. H.

S HUNT & SON,

^ Send For

^. Catalog

Quality — You can produce better-looking honey. ^

Quantity — You can produce more of it. ^

Price — You can get more per pound for it.

Tlhe GosHilb-IiIoiae^^ Mive
Points of Excellence

3-04S t

The Danz Book of " P'ACTS ABOUT BEES"
tells aU about it, and what successful bee-keep-
ers say in favor of it. We want to send it to you,

Please send L

to my address

" Facts About Bee^ "

Aditess.

Danz Hive Sold in Mich, by

Mo Ho Mvijnit <& Som
Bell Branch, Migh.

I^ake Youp O^A/n Hives.

3ee ^ Keepers

i

Will save money by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in makings
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on triaL
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JKO. BARNES CO.,

384 Ruby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

7 -02'24t

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

93

TWENTY yEins

OF

Careful Breeding

In regard to the origin of
my strain of Italians, I would
say that they were developed
by selection and crossing.
The first Italian queen that I
ever possessed was of the
Thos. G. Newman stock. The
next was of A. I. Root's red-
clover stock; purchased in
1881 In 1882, I purchased one
of friend Root's best imported
queens, for which 1 paid
$6 00. She was a valuable
queen, indeed; producing
workers which were hardy
and regular hustlers for
gathering honey. I stocked
my apiary with her daugh-
ters, saving only a few queens
of the other stock to furnish
drones. This gave me a di-
rect cross, which, I think, is
the secret of my success.

In 1883 I found one of the
daughters of the Root import-
ed queen far out-stripping
everything in the yard in the
way of honey-gathering and
comb-building; and her bees
capped their honey so white
that it made it appear the
most beautiful comb honey I
ever saw. In this queen I had
an acquisition. I used her as
a breeding queen. Her bees
were not as handsome as the
Newman slock; but beautiful
HONEY attracted my eye and
pocketbook more than fancy
bees.

If you wish for a strain of
bees that are reully "Super-
ior," and at a much lower
price than sold by Mr. Hutch-
inson, send for the handsom-
est queen circular that was
ever printed.

J.P.MOOKE

Morgan, Kentucky

i Names of Bee-Keepers I

El TYPE WRIXTEN Q

0 Is]
GBEOBEiEaBQEIiElBBaGBCiESBEgSIQQCiCIEiQ

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a l)ook. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but

1 now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly,
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated.
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46

Ark.
Ala..
Calif.
Colo..

82

80
378
228

Canada 1200
Conn.. 162

Dak
Del.
Fla.
Ga..
Ind.

Ills 1375

Iowa . . 800

25

IS

loo

90

744

Ky

Kans..

La

Mo

Minn..
Mich..,
Mass.. ,

Md

Maine
Miss,. .
N. Y.. .
Neb.. .
N.J...
N. H. .

182

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

•345

. 130

..158

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 56
Oregon . . 104
Ohio...
Penn.. .
R. I....

S. C

Tenn . . .

Tex

Utah 68

Vt 200

Va 182

W. Va....i72

Wash 128

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

130C

912

46

40

176

270

The Best and

Finest pt^aits,

Vegetables and Flowers may be had by
planting our Trees, Seeds and Bulbs.
We make a specialty of improving and
testing new fruits, vegetables and flowers.
We have a full assortment of the best and
most reliable old Standard Varieties.
We grow and test the most promising or-
namental plants, shrubs and trees and
reccommend only the best varieties.

Speelal Seed Ottef.

For IOC and 10 addressesof people who
buy seeds, trees, bulbs, greenhouse plants,
etc., we will send 10 packets of the earli-
est known varieties of cabbage, tomato,
beet, raddish and lettuce. Two best var-
ieties of each. Ten packets for loc.

We make a specialty of Northern
Grown Seed Potatoes.

Send us list of nursery stock, shrubery
plants, seed potatoes, etc., needed and
we will give you our lowest prices. We
are always pleased to answer questions
about fruits, flowers or vegetables. Send
for our catalog.

T. C. FURNAS & CO.

Nurserymen, Florist and Seedsmen.
i-o4-3t Indianapolis, Ind

94

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

mHE Review never had more sub-
"T" scribers, better correspondents,
greater mechanical facilities, or a
more experienced editor; in short, it
was never more fully equipped, than
at present, for helping- bee-keepers.
It will use all of these advantages the
present year in taking up and discus-
sing two of

Thi<s MosH Iiiiap)®s=tl^iail

connected with bee-keeping, viz., the
production of large quantities of honey,
cheaply, and the selling of it at a high
price. The first few issues of this
year will be especially devoted to the
discussion of the first-mentioned topic,
then, in July or August, marketing
will be taken up and continued through
the year. I do not mean that other
important matters will not be touched
upon, but that special attention will
be given to these two.

For instance, last year, Mr. F. E.
Atwater, of Boise, Idaho, with only
one helper,

scattered from seven to eighteen miles
from home, and in the January Re-
view he had a long article describing
the hives, implements, and methods,
that enables himto accomplish this feat.
Mr. E. D. Townsend of Remus,
Michigan, is

TS^ie Most Esteimsivl

in this State; managing out-apiarij
with the least possible amount of lat
much of it unskilled at that, and ma
ing money out of the business, and i
is telling the readers of the Revi«|
"how he does it." Three articl
from his pen have already appeare
and there are three more on han
More will follow on marketing
wintering. All of his writings
practical; like the one in this issu
which shows how to have a
commodious, cheap house, at each ou
apiary, yet be able to move it with
trouble if it becomes necessary
move the apiary.

Another correspondent, over the fin^
ing of which the Review is congrab
lating itself, is Mr. E. W. Alexande
of Delanson, New York. He has hg
nearly

Fifty ILoir^^ Yemrs
lEsspes'ieinice

with bees. His locks are white, bd
his eyes are bright, his step elastij
and he still has the fire and enthus
asm of youth. The first of a series-
articles from his pen appears in
issue. His views on overstocking
certainly radical, and it is possibj
that they are not applicable in eve
locality, but some of the ideas that

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

95

advances, and the experience that he
gives, are certainly worthy of con-
sideration. Next month he will tell
how to make the most out of weak
colonies in spring-, and how, some-
times it is possible, by the right kind
of feeding in the spring, to change
what would have been a season of fail-
ure into one of profit. A simple, inex-
pensive, convenient method of feeding
will be described. The next month he
will describe his tank aud methods for
disinfecting combs from colonies in-
fected with black brood. By his
thoroughness, he has been successful
on a large scale.

The beginning and the end of the
honey season are

To induce the bees to promptly take
possession of the supers, to wind up
the season with nearly all of the
sections completed, yet lose none of
the honey that the bees can store, are
most desirable accomplishments; and
James A. Green, of Grand Junction,
Colorado, has sent me an article tell-
ing how all of these things may be
managed by what he calls his "Combi-
nation System." It will appear in
the next issue of the Review.

Mr. M. A. Gill, of Longmont, Colo-
rado, last year, with the assistance of
his wife, and one other helper, man-
aged 1,100 colonies, increased them to
1,600, and shipped

Within the next month or two the Re-
view will publish an article from Mr.
Gill in which he tells exactly how he
manages — particularly in reg^ard to
the swarming-problem.

^old 20p©00 libs.

When it comes to the marketing-
question, I have on hand an article by
Mr. H. C. Ahlers, of West Bend, Wis-

consin, in which he tells in detail how
he has built up a trade in selling ex-
tracted honey direct to consumers, in
which he last year sold 20,000 pounds,
and most of it at 12 cents a pound!

is something that many of us have
neglected as too small to be worth
noticing, especially if it is only a
small town, but our energetic General
Manag-er of the National Association,
Mr. N. E. f^-ance of Platteville, Wis-
consin, manages to sell about 8,000
pounds a year, if I remember aright,
in his little home-city, of only 4,000 in-
habitants. He does no peddling, it is
all sold at the groceries, butcher shops,
and the like, and he so manages as to
get eight cents a pound for it. What
that management is, how the honey is
put up, the package, in fact the whole
modus operandi will be described by
Mr. France in the Review, long ere
the time comes to put this year's crop
on the market.

in somctliing the same line as a milk-
man has a route, has been inaugurated
and put in practice for several years
by Mr. C. F. Smith, of Cheboygan,
Michig-an. There is no peddling about
it. On certain days, except during
the busy time of the year with the bees,
Mr. Smith goes over a certain route,
calling at certain houses and deliver-
ing a certain amount of honey. In
this way he sells all of his own ex-
tracted honey at 13 cents a pounds and
then buys and sells thousands of
pounds besides. How the honey is
put up, how the route was established,
how he knows at which houses to call,
and how much honey to bring, etc.,
will be told to the readers of the Re-
view in an article that Mr. Smith is
now preparing with much care as to
detail and helpfulness.

96

THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW.

So much in the way of retailing- preparing- an article on retailing honey!

honey, and we now come to the sub-
ject of selling honey direct to retail
dealers, instead of sending it to com-
mission merchants who, in turn, sell to
the retailers. This is

A Big Fie

and one that has been little worked, but
I have found a man who has had a lot
of experience in this line, Mr. S. A.
Niver, formerly af New York, but now
of Chicago. For several years, quite a
number of extensive bee-keepers near
Gorton, New York, turned their crops
of comb honey over to Mr. Niver, who
g-raded and crated it, and then packed a
case with samples, and went out as a
"drummer, " sellingdirect to the retail
trade, going over the same ground more
than once, taking orders and collecting
for the hone3^ I have an article from
Mr. Niver telling of his success. It is
long, readable, full of humor, and of
suggestions for some man to go and do
likewise, Mr. Niver is now at work

to city customers.

The foregoing are only a few of the!
good things that are in store for the]
readers of the Review — these are given]
simply as samples. The prospects for

in bee-keeping were never brighter for
the man who will arouse himself, wake
up to the changed conditions of things,
and take advantage of the changes.
One thing is certain, if you are a bee-
keeping specialist, if bee-keeping is
your dusingss, you can't afford noi to

e

.evie"%^.

It will lead you, and encourage j'ou,
and fill you with ideas, and tell you.
how to do things — show you how to en-
large your business and make money. \
Send $1.00 for the Review for 1904,.
and long ere the year is out you will ad-
mit that it was the most profitable in-
vestment you ever made.

I Can Sell Goods Cheaper

Than the majority of dealers can furnish them, and here are
some of the reasons why: I am in the heart of the lumber regions,
where lumber is cheap and there is no freight to pay; I am in a small, country
town where labor is cheap; I have new, up-to-date, labor-saving machinery run
bj' water-power^ — the cheapest power in the world. Not only will I sell goods
cheaper but I Will Pay the Preight to Chicago, St. Paul or
Minneapolis, on shipments passing through those points. Send
for mj' catalog and get my prices before ordering,

W.H.Patnam, f^ivet? palls, V^is.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

97

Low Freights

AND

QUICK DELIVERY.

The busy times for bee-keepers is almost here. If you
have not yet ordered your g^oods, there is no time for delay.
You can't wait now for some factory to make j'our goods,
nor for long- shipments by freight, with endless delays at
transfer-points, while the bees are idle for needed sections,
hives, foundation, or storage-room. You will find it to your
advantage to order your goods from near home, of some
dealer who has them on hand, and can ship them at once.
By so doing you will not only get your goods promptly,
but at a big saving in freight bills.

The A. I. ROOT CO.,

Medina, Ohio, has established agencies all over the country
where standard goods are always in stock. The follow-
ing are some of the more important

Agencies*

Vickery Bros., Evansville, Ind.
E. Grainger & Co,, Toronto, Ont.
Walter S. Ponder, Indianpolis, Ind.
Jno. Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
r.eo. H. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
Prothero & Arnold, DiiBois Penn.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich.
Rawlings Implement Co..

Baltimore, Md.

Griggs Bros .Toledo, Ohio

Nelson Bros., Fruit Co., Delta, Colo.

Jos. Nysewaiider. Des Moines, Iowa

Carl K. Biick, Augusta, Kansas

A. P'. McAdams, Columbus Grove. O.

C. H. W. Weber, Cincinnati, Ohio

F. H. Farmer,

182 Friend St., Boston, Mass.
t,. A. Watkins Mdse Co.,

Denver, Colorado

In addition to the foregoing there are hundreds who han-
dle our goods in small lots. Besides £his, we have the fol-
lowing

Branch - Houses*

Syracuse, N. Y.

Philadelphia, Penn., 10 Vine St.
Chicago, Ills., 144 East Erie St.
San Antonio, Texas,

438 W. Houston St.

Mechanic Falls, Maine
Havana, Cuba, San Ignacio 17
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Miss. St.
U'ashington, D. C,

HOC Md. Ave . S.W.

Send for a catalog, and buy of the nearest
Agency or Dealer.

(ml

M

©■'■a'

98

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ina'fnnnifliMiiinTaiiiiiMiiiinrTna'mKinfiuiiimfiNMnnBimfmfi

IIIBI1IIHH

iiimti
■iiuiia

■iiiiiii

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Bee-Keepers

It is a conceded fact that the
bulk of the honey of the future
is going to be produced in the
irrigated portion of what is
known as "Arid America." If
you are interested in the pro-
gress of apiculture in this vast
region, you should subscriV^e
for the

RocKy ^\ou^ta.i^

B«e Jouroz^lf

a twenty-page monthly; price
50 cents per year.

This is now the only bee pub-
lication west of the Missouri
river. We have several hun-
dred eastern subscribers, and
have still room for more. Write
for free sample copy. Address

H. <5. A\orebouse

Boulder, Colo.

Weiss
Foundation

Is guaranteed to stand at the
head for quality and work-
manship, as it is made by the
latest process of sheeting and
purifying wax, and will defy
competitors to its quality and
purity. Send for a sample
and catalog and be your own
judge. Working wax a spec-
ialty. Friend Bee-Keeper, now
is the time for you to send in
j'our wax and have it worked
into foundation. Highest pri-
ces paid for beeswax. Cash,
32c; trade, 33c. Impure wax
not accepted. A full line of

Bee Supplies

AUGUST WEISS,

3-04-tf

GREENVILLE, WIS.

Root's Goods zvt
Root's Price?

POUDER'S Honey J.irs and
eveiyihiDg used by Bee-keepers.

LiHrge and con.plete stock on hand
at all times. Low freicht rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

W2ilt«r S. Pou«aer

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOlvlS, IND.

|""| "Your bec5 >vont stipg if you

i I I give tbcrp Lewis Goo«l5"

I I Send for our new

I'l Catalog- Qq pages.

■mini

■ I'll!

|,,„:| 500 Agencies in the U. S.

iiiiiiii

I,, I The name

|ii L Hi V V 1 ^

i""l stands for the best in

f"i Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

I i|

11 G. B. Levis Go.

iTl Wzvtertown, Wi^.

|::il

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iii^iimitiipmiuHipiUiiu«puiiiii)i^iiiiiJ)K|iMiuu|iuuiiiii^UiJiiai^uuiiia|iiiiiiiiii^imiu»^iuiiiuJBiuJUJi'^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

99

. THE

i. B. Lewis Go's

Dovetailed hives,
sections, shipping
cases, etc., at less
than the factory's
catalogue prices.
Denver hives and
shipping cases at
still lower figures.
Dadant's founda-
tion. Bee-keepers
west of the Mis-
souri river can save
money by buying
from us. Our 48-
page, illustrated
catalogue, contain-
ing valuable infor-
mation, to be had
free. Write for it
now. We pay the
highest market
price for beeswax.

Colorado Honey Producers'
Association.

1440 Market St. DENVER, COLO.

FAMILIAR NAMES.

It will interest you to read what Mrs.
N. E. France, ivife of Gen' I Mgr. N. B.
K. A. and Eniil Nebel, of the firm John
Nebel & Son say of

YELiliOWZOflES

My Friend Dr. House:— Enclosed find
|i.oo for Y Z. Please send them very
soon, and excuse us for sending so often.
Although I do not take them all myself I
can not very well get along many weeks
without them, and the children miss them
when they are feeling badly, as well as I.
Yellowzones have been of great value to
myself and family.

Very sincerely yours,

Mrs. N. E. France.
Platteville, Wis.

Dear Doctor: — Find enclosed remit-
tance for two large boxes Yellowzones.
Have been buying tliem of you for 7 or 8
years and they are as effective as ever.

Yours truly,
High Hill, Mo. Emil F. Nebel.

People like the above do not send their
dollars several times a year, year after
year, for a worthless — or even an ordinary
remedy. }'on know that.

YEliliOWZOrlES

are a remedy Absolutely Uneqnalcd for
general household use. You need them
in your own house and I guarantee your
money back and Another Box if not sat-
isfied.

T{ yon keep hut One Remedy in the
House it should be VMLLOWZONES.

$1.00 per box of 150 Tablets.

Tiial size 25 cents.

W. B. House, Dc Tour, A\icb«

A Farm For You

ARE YOU SATISFIED AT HOME? Or do you

wish to better yourself > You should investigate what the
S.nn Joaquin Valley of California hasiooffer
hustlers. In that great valley Is grown nine-tenihs of the
U. S. raisin crop, and millions of gallons of wine are made
yearly. You can profitably raise almost everything there.
Good farms at cheap prices. Low-rate colonist excursions
in March and April on the Santa Fe. Write for pamphlets
to Gen. Pass. Office. A. T. & S. F. Ry., Chicago.

California

100

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Sections $3.00

I manufacture both the one- and the four-piece sectioi
and can give customers their choice at the same price. T^
one-piece is made of nice, white basswood, and sandpapered
both sides. The four-piece is of hard, white poplar. T^
sections are 4 % ^4% x i Js , and i ^ or 7-to-the-foot.

My prices are as follows: 1,000 for $3.00; 2,000 for $5.;
5.000 for $14.00; 10,000 for $27.00. A special price will
made to those who order 10,000 to 30,000 before last of Marc

I can also furnish Bees, Queens, and Bee-Keepei
Supplies. Send for descriptive circular, and sample of S€
tion, and save money.

W. H. NORTON, Skowhegan, Mainj

Reference, Editor Review.

w I understand that the Santa Fe will sell one-

W way colonist tickets to

1 California

iiy during March and April at very low rates:

W ^ '5 ^2 ^^^"^ Chicago and

yVg ^^^ ^^ $25 from Kansas City

Ylyi Please advise me full Particulars
ylf Name

W St. No.

\]^ All, THE WA Y

W City and State

fJW Cut out this advertisment and mail to

*|i[ Geu. Pass, office, A. T. & S. F. Ry., Chicago.

Santa Fe

% W

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

101

Marshfield

MANUFACTURING CO.

Marshfield, Wisconsin, makes a specialty
of Sections, and they are the best in
the market. Wisconsin basswood is the
right kind for them. They also have a
full line of Bee - Supplies. Write for
free, Illustrated Catalog and Price List.

3-04-4t

/L

in

o

Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich., has
storage, awciitin;;" your order. Four

arloads of .standard ^-"oods, such as
)anzenbaker Hives, Root's Dovetailed
[ives, Roots Chaff Hives, Hilton Chaff
lives and T-Supers, Cowan Extract-
ors, Corneil smokers, Doolittle Wax
Jxtractors, Weed Foundation, Section

jxes, Etc. 36-pag-e Catalog free.

l-3t Please mention the Review.

tr\ to send your orders a dis-

■"^^l Y ^ tance of 10,000 miles for
V your bee-supplies lo K. H.

Iimidt & Co. Send for new catalog todaj'.

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO.
,-nt Sheboygan, Wis.

Honey Queens.

I,aw.s' Improved Golden Queens, Flaws'
Lonjf-Tongued l.enther Colored Queens, and
Laws' Hoi)' Land Queens.

I^aws' queens are doing business in every State

in the Union and in many foreign countries.
The demand for r.-nvvs' queens lias doubled any

previous i-eason's sales.
Law.s' queens and bets "xre putting up a large

sh.ire of the lion -v now .sold
t,aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over

the world. Why' Because it is the best to

be had.
Remember! Tliat I have a larger stock than ever;

that I can send you a queen any month in

the year and gu rantee safe delivery; (hat I

have many fine breeders on hand. Price.

$3 00 each. Tested, each. $1.2,=;; five for $6.00.

Prices reduced after March 15. .Send for

circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Te:jas,

102

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

^^

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si

%
m.

m

p.

%f'.
fM
W-

-; 1^ Lancy«troth on the Honev - Bee. Revised. The

I

Si

m.

^?

g^ rlg«nts for A\'cJ7isaO ,V04-iot ^'

Dadant's

Foundation

Wl7y Does it Sell so Well ?— Because it has always
g-iven better satisfaction than any other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

We Guzvraotee Szvtisfactiop— What more can any-
body do? Beauty, purity, firmness, no sag'ging', no
loss. Patkn'j' WicicD Process of Shjoioting.

Beeswax Wanted 2vt all Tiroej— Send name for our
Catalog-, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

L.ai7g5trotb op the Hopey - Bee, Revised,
classic in bee-literature. $1.20 by mail.

DADA/ST G- SON,

Ha.rr)iltoo, Illinois.

I_. C 6- A. G. WOOD^\AW, Gr&n<l Rapids,
rlg«nts for A\'cJ7isaO

G. B. LEWIS SECTIONS

These sections are the best in Ihe world, and I
am prepared to handle Uieni in Canada. I also
keep in slock all kinds of bee supplies. I am
running two yards of 300 colonies each, and I
want a good man to take charge of one 01 Iht-m .
They are run for comb honey. None tnit a good
man need apply.

t am also breeder of S. C Black Minorcas, all
imported stock fiom England and Scoil.-ind. 15
eggs for $1 .00. B. P. Rock, Readley Thompson
andLeffell Conger Sliaiii, 15 eggs for fi.oo.
Beeswax wanted.

N. H. SMITH,

2-04-it Lock Box A. Tilbury, Onl. Can.

riiuiiM niyiiiliuii the Rtuieui.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a sm
job printing office, has consolidated his offii
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder prei
We both had a paper cutter, and, as we have :
I'se for both of them, one will be sold at a sac
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a n«
knife for which I paid $ro.oo last spring, y
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph ai
description of the machine %vill be sent on a:
plication. This new man will have no conne
tion whatever with the Review — simply with tl
job work. The presswork for the Review w
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich,

11 a{

April, 1904.

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'Review I33 to California.

PUBIvISHED MONTHLY

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 18S8. Serial number, 196.

Terms — $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances— The Review is sent un-
til orders are received tor its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, April 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Via. The St. Paul and Union Pacific Line.

Everj' dsLy in March and April, low
rates from Chicago to the Pacific Coast
and to many intermediate points will
be offered via. the St. Paul and Union
Pacific Line. If yoti are contemplat-
ing a trip to the West or to the North-
west, it is worth yonr while to write
to-day for information about rates and
train service to the point you expect to
visit.

Robert C. Jones, 32 Campus
Martius, Detroit, Michigan.

oldest Supply house in

Your wants fully supplied with anything need-
ed in the apiary. Full stock of Root's
Goods. Dan zenbaker hives. Bees and queens.
I,et us mai lyou our 40- page catalog — FREE.

4-04-4t JOHN NKBEI. & SON, High Hill, Mo.

flOT ITst THE TH^ST.

The oldest bee supply store in
the East. Sells best goods at
former prices. Send tor cata-
log. Successor to A. J. King.

J. H. JWI. COOK, fletu York City

3-04-4t 70 Cortlandt St.

Bee Hives for Sals Cheap.

Ten, A D 5, Danz. Hives for only
$9.00. They are new — never been un-
packed F. GILMORE,
4-04-lt Geneseo, N. Y.

HeadqaarteFs for Bee Supplies

I

(Hi

m

I

m

C. H. W. WEBEl^, Cincinnati, O. ^l

I

ROOT'S GOODS RT l^OOT'S FACTORY PRICES

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight - rates from Cin-
cinnati are the lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satis-
faction guaranteed. Langstroth Portico Hives and Standard
Hone3'-Jars at lowest prices. Yoti will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free. Send for same. Book orders for Golden Ital-
ian, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens; for prices, see my catalog.

Office and salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave.
Freeman and Central Avenues.

Warehouses,

4-04-3t

^^^^^^^^^^^^!

The Bec-Kcepers*

300,000 Acres of Wild Land
for sale, in the famous Fruit
Belt Region of Michigan, at low
prices and on eas}' terms.

These lands are especially
adapted to fruit culture, all the
most desirable fruits being cul-
tivated with especial success.

These uncultivated lands also
produce immense quantities of
wild berries, from which large
crops of honey are obtained, at
a good profit to the Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and cir-
culars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address:

J> E. TA^rritt,

Oen'I. A\s:r.

A\icbi«^2vn L-Ziod Co.,

t^EVlEW

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publishei and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estim a
tion of the advertiser: and it en-
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

^^^^^^^^

I

ii

Bee -Keepers m flo pish-Bone

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer t\1%. So.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

g@"Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a ve7y thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound wall fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
tJ. VHfl DEOSEfl,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

I
I

i

106

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

We are Jobbers of Bee -Keepers' Supplies in

Michigan

Representing- the G. B. Lewis Co., and Dadant and
Son. Wholesale and Retail. Several Carloads con-
stantly on hand. Send for 40-pag-e illustrated catalog.

wis Co ®» A.« Go "Woodssimii

Grand Rapids, Michig^an.

I am advertising for B. F. Stratton &
Son, music dealers of New York, and
taking my pay in

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS.

I have already bought and paid for in
this way a guitar and violin for my girls,
a flute for myself, and one or two guitars
for some of my subscribers. If you are
thinking of buying an instrument of any
kind, I should be glad to send you one on
trial. If interested, write me for des-
criptive circular and price list, saying
what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

If you knew that

OUR HIVE

is better in construction, with better ma-
terial than any other, would you order of
us ? How can you know if you do not
give us a trial order ?

Three Per Cent* Discount

on all orders received before April 15,
1904.

Wood-Brush Bee-Hive &
Box Co,

12-03-tf LtflflSIflG, jaicji.

mauu\^uaMMMUuuMaMuaauuMauMumMUM^^^auMmu3MMaMmM^3MM^3Mua

a Kretcbmer Mfg. Company

JELBD OAK, IOWA

3-04-4t

Bee - Supplies

We carry a large stock
and great variety of eve-
rything needed in the api-
ary. Best Goods. Lowest
Prices. Prompt Ship-
ments. Send for catalog
and read description of
Alternating Hives and
Ferguson Supers.

Agencies

Kretchmer Mfg. Co.,

Chariton, Iowa
Trester Supply Company,
I,incoln, Nebraska
Sugart & Ouren,

Council Bluffs, Iowa
C. A. Meyers, I,eipsic, O.

EiEIEiElEiElEiEIBQDElEiEllEIElBEIEIPQBBBQElElEiGEllSBBEIBElEiBlElEiElEIBClEIBEIEiEIEICIEiElElB

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

107

TS^e Coma]

^ Root's Goods Sold in

^ ^ Michigan by M. H.

^ HUNT & SON,

^ Send For

% Catalog

Quality — You can produce better-looking honey. ^

Quantity — You can produce more of it. ^

I Price — You can get more per pound for it.

Points of Excellence

\

Please send k

to my address
" Facts About Bees

The Danz Book of " FACTS ABOUT BEES"
teUs aU about it, and what successful bee-keep-
ers say in favor of it. We want to send it to you,

Danz Hive Sold in Mich, by

Address.

Bell Branch, Mich.

1

FO^ake Youp 0^vn Hives.

3ee ^ Keepeps

Will save money by
usiii','- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in makings
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

7 -02 24t

108

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

THE

G. B. Lewis Go's

Dovetailed hives,
sections, shipping
cases, etc., at less
than the factory's
catalogue prices.
Denver hives and
shipping cases at
still lower figures.
Dadant's founda-
tion. Bee-keepers
west of the Mis-
souri river can save
money by buying
from us. Our 48-
p a g e, illustrated
catalogue, contain-
ing valuable infor-
mation, to be had
free. Write for it
now. We pay the
highest market
price for beeswax.

The Colorado Honey Producers'
I Association.

I 1440 Market St. DENVER, COLO.

FAMILIAR NAMES.

It will interest you to read what Mrs.
N. E. France, wife of GcnH Mgr. N. B.
K. A. and Emil Nebel, of the firm fohn
Nebel & Son say of

YEIiliOWZOHES

My Friend Dr. House: — Enclosed find
$1.00 for Y Z. Please send them very
sooft, and excuse us for sending so often.
Although I do not take them all myself I
can not very well get along many weeks
without them, and the children miss them
when they are feeling badly, as well as I.
Yellowzones have been of great value to
myself and family.

Very sincerely yours,

Mrs. N. E. France.
Platteville, Wis.

Dear Doctor: — Find enclosed remit-
tance for two large boxes Yellowzones.
Have been buying them of you for 7 or 8.
years and they are as effective as ever.

Yours truly,
High Hill, Mo. Emil F. Nebel.

People like the above do not send their
dollars several times a year, year after
year, for a worthless — or even anfirdiimry
remedy. Vou know that.

YElilA0WZ0j4ES

are a remedy Absolutely Uneqicaled for
general household use. You need them
in your own house and I guarantee your
money back and Another Box if not sat-
isfied.

If you keep but One Remedy in the
House it should be YMI.I.OWZONMS.

$1.00 per box of 150 Tablets.

Tiial size 25 cents.

W. B. House> Dc Tour, A\icb.

A Farm For You

ARE YOU SATISFIED AT HOME? Or do you
wish to better yourself ? You should investigate what the
San Joaquin Valley of California has to offer
hustlers. In that great valley is grown nine-tenths of the
U. S. raisin crop, and millions of gallons of wine are made
vearly. You can profitably raise almost everything there.
Good farms at cheap prices. Low-rate colonist excursions
in March and April on the Santa Fe. Write for pamphlets
10 Gen. Pass. Office, A. T. fit S. F. Ry., Chicago.

California

0) ^

\x.

m

5 f

■~ ? &

tn

CQ

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR,
w. z. HDTCHDISON. Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, APRIL 15, 1904. NO. 4.

^qmali^ini

BY E. W. ALEXANDER.

rr/HIS is the time of all the year when
i- your bees require the closest at- ^
tention. Look after tliem every day,
and see if there is not something- j^ou
can do^to make them a little more com-
fortable. I am sure it has always
paid me to know the exact condition
of every colony at all times of the year.

HOW STRONG COLONIES ARE MADE TO
HELP THE WEAK.

After the bees have been taken from
the cellar, and had a good flight, we
commence at one side of the yard and
examine every colony carefully. Those
that are weak in bees, yet have a g-ood
queen, we mark; and, as soon as they
have some larvae in their combs, which
is usually in about five days after set-
ting- out, each is taken to a good,
strong colony, and set on top, with a
queen excluding honey board between.
If there is no larvae at this time in the
weak colony I give it a frame from the
strong colony, so as to keep the bees

from leaving their queen, and all go-
ing below. I close up all entrances
except that of the strong colony. The
bees will divide themselves about
equally between the two queens; and
in about four or five weeks I can sepa-
rate them, and, in nine times out of
ten, I have two good, strong colonies.
For twenty years I have treated all
my weak colonies in this way in early
spring. Sometimes I have had 100
weak ones on top of strong colonies,
and I don't lose five per cent. I think
it a much better way than to try to
build them up alone, as there is no
trouble from robbers, and they don't
require any attention until it is time
to separate them. Don't keep them
together too long, as the young bees,
when over two weeks old, are liable
to sting one of the queens.

THE IMPORTANCE OF WARMTH IN
SPRING.

Do all you can at all times in the
spring to keep your bees warm, con-

112

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

tract the entrances and try to have
something to form a wind-break, if it
is no more than a loose board to stand
up on tlie windward side of the hive.
Few realize the necessity of keeping-
their bees warm in early spring.

IMPORTANCE OF JUDICIOUS FEEDING.

And now comes (to me) one of the
most important things to be done in
the whole j-ear: That is, spring feed-
ing. I care not how mucli capped
honey a colony has wlien it is set out
in the spring, it will pay well to feed
every colony a little warm, thin syrup
nearly every day for the first 30 or 40
days. It is not necessary to feed more
than two cents worth of granulated
sugar a day, to each colony if made
into verj'^ thin syrup. When the
weather is warm and the bees are get-
ting some honey, you can skip a daj'
or two sometimes, but be sure there is
some honej' or syrup going into the
t\\&\v\\& every day, and you will have
j'our hives overflowing with bees and
brood, so earlj' in the season that you
will never again leave them to shift
for themselves.

Supposing it does cost a few barrels
of sugar, what is that compared to
having ever}' hive crammed full of
bees and brood at the commencement
of the harvest, instead of leaving them
weak in bees and losing two-thirds of
the best harvest in getting colonies
read}'^ for it?

Every dollar's worth of judicious
feeding at the proper time will bring
more than five dollars worth of bees
and honey before the season is over.

And now what to feed is well worth
considering. I have tried all the
cheaper grades of sweets, and find
nothing as cheap, all things consider-
ed, as granulated sugar. If you have
a little extracted honej^ to mix with it,
the bees will like it some better. To
have the best results, make it very
thin, about like the nectar as gathered
from the flowers, and, feed it quite
warm.

A SIMPLE, CHEAP, EFFECTIVE FEEDER.

The next step is to know how to
feed, so there will be no robbing, and
not a spoonful lost, even if you feed a
ton of it, and not lose any heat from
the hive or drown a single bee, or kill
one in any way. I have tried nearly
every feeder that has ever been de-
scribed in the bee journals and bee
books, and several different waj's of
my own, and can find nothing that
will fill all requirements at all times
like the following: Take some 2x4
scantlings, either hemlock, basswood,
or pine, cut tliem up in pieces four
inches longer than your hive is wide,
outside measurement. My bottom-
board is 1;'+ inches thick counting the
cleats across the front and back, so I
dress the scantling down to 1^4 inches
thick. After being cut up the pieces
are held over a buzz saw with a little
wabble to it, so that it cuts a groove
about )i inch wide. These grooves
are cut to within about ]i of an inch
of going through, and to within Yz inch
of each end. I put four such grooves
in each piece, leaving a thin piece be-
tween the grooves, then take a sharp
chisel and cut a little out of each piece
so that the syrup can run into all the
grooves alike. I then fill them with
hot parafline or beeswax, leaving it
a few seconds so as to give them a
g'ood coating inside to prevent the
syrup from soaking into the wood.
Next give them two good coats of
paint, and we have feeders that have
cost about six cents each, and will last
20 years or more.

When I look over the colonies in the
apiary, I put one of these feeders at
the back end of the bottom board of
each hive, placing it so that the top
of the feeder will be on a level with
the top of the bottom board; then draw
back the hive over the feeder, so it
will be flush with the back of the
feeder, and also with one end of the
feeder, the other end of the feeder pro-
jecting four inches to one side of hive.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

113

I then take a pail having' a spout, and
pour in the feed, being- careful to have
the hive set level. When the feeder is
full I lay a block of 2x4 across the
feeder where I have poured in the
syrup, and the job is done. The odor
of the warm syrup will rise up in the
combs, and the bees will at once find
the feed, and clean out a feeder full in
3n minutes.

If you want to feed in the fall for
wintering, put two or three feeders
under the hive, in the same way, and
g-ive them all they will require in one
da}'. Of course, in the fall, you must
feed much thicker syrup than in the
spring-.

If you have the syrup handj' in the
yard you can feed 200 colonies in less
than an hour, and not kill the bees, or
lose any heat from the hive. I have
fed tons of syrup in this way, and have
never had one colony robbed. I would
advise you to leave the feeders under
the hives all summer, as they are not
in the wa3', and when, from any cause,

the bees cannot get honey from the
flowers, you can easily g-ive them a
little syrup; and many times save their
brood, which I have seen them destroy
in larg-e quantities during cold, wet
spells of weather.

This loss of brood is a sad sight for
a bee-keeper, especially when he wants
strong colonies backed up with hives
full of maturing brood, so I repeat,
leave the feeders under the hive all
summer, and when the cold wet spells
do come, give them a little syrup. A
very little will many times save their
brood, and the bees will g-o for the
flowers with a rush as soon as the
weather warms up a little — much
faster than if they had lost their bi-ood.

Don't think for a moment that you
are going to get something for nothing;
if you do you will be sorely disap-
pointed. It is the same with bee-
keeping as everything else, "Eternal
\ngilance is the price of success."

Delanson, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1904.

Tlie Staccessfcl MaMim^ of

BY M. A. GILL.

EDITOR Review— Thinking that per-
haps my season's experience with
"forced swarming" mig-ht be of inter-
est to some of j'our readers, I will g-ive
it.

SHOOK-SWARMING MORE SATISFACTORY
THAN WATCHING FOR SWARMS.

Some writers have said that forced
swarming- is so much work that we
must look for something else. While
it is a fact that to run a number of
out-apiaries by the forced swarming-
method, does call for a lot of work, yet,

to me, it brings the least possible
amount of work, worry, and expense.
What is there more trying to the nerves
than to be compelled to watch along-
the rows of hives in an apiary, and
wonder if this one will swarm today,
and why that one did not swarm yester-
day, etc.? Isn't it behind the spirit
of the age for afull grown man to stand
around all day practicing the old,
mythical methods, and "wondering if
the bees will swarm?" Why not open
the hives and see if they are going to;
why not swarm them; and if not, then

114

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

go somewhere and hunt a job more
pleasant and profitable? For my part,
I like "intense" bee-keeping. This
season it was necessary for us (my
wife, one man, and myself) to go
through two apiaries each day.

NECESSITY FOR SYSTEM, RECORDS, AND
CLEAR "mental PICTURES. "

Forced swarming means this: That
the operator must have the work so
well in hand that he has a "mental
picture" of all the conditions, during
the swarming season, in his several
apiaries. This can be done only by
commencing at a certain place and
going over every colony every six days.
I sa3% going over every colony; of
course, I keep a record, on a piece of
section which lies under the cover of
each hive, and this record will indi-
cate the needs of each individual
colony as soon as the cover is raised.

management helps TO REDUCE THE
AMOUNT OF SWARMING.

Every apiarist, of course, desires
just as little swarming as possible.
He knows there is a certain per cent,
of colonies that will not offer to swarm;
and tliis per cent, is increased by his
management before the swarming im-
pulse begins; by his furnishing plenty
of room, getting work started in the
supers before the main flow comes on,
etc. Again, there is another certain
per cent, of colonies that can be quite
easily discouraged from swarming by
simply taking away two or three
frames of brood of hatching bees, and
giving full sheets of foundation in-
stead, when they will settle down to
business for the season's work, with-
out any further attempt at swarming.
However, only a close observer, with a
practical eye, can distinguish be-
tween such colonies and those that are
bound to swarm whether they are in
condition or not.

HOW ABSCONDING MAY BE AVOIDED.

Many writers claim that the main
objection to forced swarming is the

tendency to abscond. Now, whether
it is on account of the kind of hive
used, or whether it is the locality, or
because of the difference in the mode
of operation, I do not know, but this I
do know, that out of 400 forced swarms
that I made last season, not one ab-
sconded.

If I shoul4 use a little, hot, half-
story hive to confine a large colony in
for three or four days, until the bees
are ready for a super, as friend Mor-
rison advises, I should expect abscond-
ing. If I should fill a hive up with
dummies (all except four or five frames,
a la Doolittle) I should expect abscond-
ing. But, if we shake all the flying
bees into a full-sized, 8-frame hive,
with one, or perhaps two, frames of
unsealed larvae and eggs, remove
the super from the old hive, the super
being filled with bees well at work on
bait sections and full sheets of founda-
tion, on to the new swarm, which is set
upon the old stand, and given a well-
ventilated cover, the bees drenched
with new honey, that will fly out in
the shaking process, why should they
abscond? And, furthermore, how
could the3^ unless the queen should go
on foot, as she is clipped?

One thing is very necessary, and
that is to be sure and remove all
queen cells, and even cups with
eggs in, from the frames that are
hung into the new swarms. In three
cases this season, where the cells were
left from neglect, a swarm issued
about the time the cells were sealed.

WHEN IT IS BETTER TO DISCOURAGE
SWARMING THAN TO "SHAKE."

Now, we frequently find a colony
that has been backward, that has just
got its hive filled with brood in all
stages, except hatching bees, and there
are even cell-cups with eggs in; don't
force such a swarm, for you are liable
to lose a hive full of valuable brood.
Instead of shaking, discotirage such
colonies until the next visit, by taking
away one frame of the youngest brood.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

115

and cutting- out all queen cells. Pos-
sibly by the next visit they will have
changed their minds and don't care to
swarm. If so, well and g^ood; but, if
they again show a disposition to
swarm, they now have hatching- bees
that can be depended upon to save the
brood.

Always have the little records under
the cover to show the individvial needs
of each colony. And its surprising
how quickly three people can g-o
thoroughly over 100 colonies, where all
fixtures are uniform, where proper
individual records are kept, shake 10
per cent, of all the old colonies in the
apiary, and be readj' to leave for the
next apiary. On several different
days the past season, my wife and I
and our helper would drive 18 miles,
go over 350 colonies, and shtike from

25 to 40 of them; and I offer as evi-
dence of thoroughness the fact that in
all our nine apiaries we didn't have
one prime swarm in the air; at least,
we never missed one, and we did no
cutting out of cells to speak of, and
only found where five old colonies had
cast a second swarm.

So, again, I must say, that I am
still in favor of forced swarming for
out-apiaries. We go every day, be-
cause we can, and because we have to,
for four or five weeks; and Oh! what a
relief, when we know that swarming
is over, and that now we can stamp
under foot that condition wliich has
held us as slaves for a month — but
there is a satisfaction in work well
done.

LoNGMONT, Colo., Oct. 10, 1903.

BY JAS. A. GREEN.

"K/rOST bee-keepers

produce either
comb or extracted honey exclusive-
ly. Those who run largely for extracted
honey are likely to consider the pro-
duction of comb too fussy and par-
ticular, and something that it will not
pay them to bother with. I have
known extensive producers of comb
honey who had no extractor, and
others who used an extractor only
rarely.

The extracted honey man has the
more justification for confining him-
self to his specialty. In most cases it
will not pay him to attempt to pro-
duce a small amount of comb honej'.

Whether comb or extracted honey
will prove the more profitable is a
question that each must decide for him-

self, according to his local conditions.
But even if he decides that it will pay
him best to make comb honey his main
crop, it is my opinion and firm con-
viction that he cannot afford to confine
himself exclusively to that. There are
three main reasons for this.

THE COMBINATION SYSTEM GETS THF,

BEES STARTED IN THE SUPP:RS

EARLY IN THE SEASON.

The first is the fact that it is often
difficult to induce the bees to begin
work promptly at building comb and
storing honey in the supers.

Upon this hinges much of our trouble
with swarming, and not a little of our
success or lack of it in getting a good
crop of honey. Often a colony will do

116

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

almost nothing- for days when other
colonies are storing rapidly, the only
apparent difference being- that the
backward colony seems disinclined to
make a start. Sometimes after they
have once begun they will thereafter
do well, but often their comparative
idleness, at a time when honey is
coming in freely, results in the con-
traction of the swarming fever. With
a short honey flow these delays and
hindrances result in a serious curtail-
ment of the honey crop, often indeed,
in an entire failure. The cramming
of the brood chamber with honey is
not the least of the evils, and with an
old queen effectually spoils the chances
of the colony doing well later. The
man who has only a few colonies, and
plenty of time to give to eachindividuail
case, can remedy these evils in various
ways, but the aim of the apiarist who
expects to make money at the business
must be to accomplish results with as
little manipulation as possible.

IT SECURES A SURPLUS EVEN FROM
WEAK COLONIES.

The second argument against ex-
clusive comb honey production is that
a colony that is weak or only moder-
ately strong in numbers cannot pro-
duce comb to the best advantage.
That foundation principle of bee-keep-
ing, *'keep all colonies strong," ap-
plies with far greater force to colonies
producing comb honey; for a colony
that will do very fair work storing
honey in combs already built, may do
nothing whatever at building comb in
a super. I have frequently heard bee-
keepers say, at the close of a very fair
honey flow, that many of their colonies
had not made an ounce of honey. This
is sheer waste. There is something
radically wrong with a colony, or its
management, when a colony that has
its combs in the brood chamber com-
pleted, and is beyond the nucelus
stage, cannot be induced to store honey
in combs in the super, if there is any
to be gathered in the fields,

IT LESSENS THE NUMBER OF UNFINISH-
ED SECTIONS.

My third reason for advocating the
mixed system is the fact that ordin-
arily the close of the honey flow finds
a great many sections on the hives
only partially completed. These sec-
tions are seldom salable at any profit-
able price. To extract the honey
from them is a tedious and somewhat
unprofitable job, wh'le the honey, be-
ing mostly unsealed and unripe, is not
of very good quality. Moreover, care-
ful observation for years has convinced
me, that beyond a very limited num-
ber, that may perhaps be found profit-
able, a section that is filled with
emptj' comb is simply a section spoiled.

Many, I know, will not agree with
me here, but when we consider that
honey stored in such sections will very
seldom grade higher than No. 2, worth
in most markets two cents per pound
less than No. 1, it should be evident
that it would be more profitable to
have this honey in the extracted form,
or in a more salable and higher priced
comb. A still stronger argument
against the use of drawn combs in
sections is that many times (almost
always, when the honey flow is good)
sections filled with full sheets of foun-
dation will be drawn, filled and com-
pleted, even sooner than the sections of
drawn comb will be entirely finished.

All these drawbacks to be met in the
exclusive production of comb honey
are easily avoided or remedied by an
intelligent combination of the two
systems. Take notice that I say a
combination of the two. The man who
sets aside a portion of his apiary to
be run for extracted honey throughout
the season, while the other part is de-
voted to the production of comb, is not
using a combination system. He is
using both systems, and using them
independently, whereas, in a true
combination system, the advantages of
the one are made to supplement the
shortcomings of the other throughout

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

117

the whole apiary and through the
whole season.

At the beg'inning of the season all
colonies that do not seem likely to
begin work at once in the supers are
given a set of extracting combs.

THE IMPORTANCE OF GETTING BEES

STARTED IN SUPERS EARLY IN

THE SEASON.

The bees will begin storing honey
in these readily, thus forming the babit
of storing in the supers early, which is
very important. The ideal condition
for a colony at the beginning of the
honey flow would be to have every cell
in the brood chamber full of either
brood or honey, so that the very first
honey gathered must, perforce, be
stored in the super. Since we cannot
well secure this, it is well, as the next
best thing, to get them started there
as soon as possible. Bait combs are
good in their way, but even a whole
super full of drawn combs in sections
is not as good as a super of nice ex-
tracting combs for this purpose. This
super of extracting combs may be left
on until it is completed, a super of
sections being tiered under it as soon
as it is well under way, but I prefer
to remove it in most cases as soon as
it is about half full. I would rather
leave it on, but the bees show such a
preference for the combs that unless
the honey flow is very heavy they will
do little or nothing at the sections
until the combs are completed.

There will always be some colonies
that will not do good work in the sec-
tions, because they are not strong
enough in numbers, because they are
not good comb builders, or because
they do not cap their honey nicelj'.
The extracting combs may be tiered
up on these to any desired height and
left to be finished. If these colonies
get into good comb honey condition be-
fore the end of the honey flow, the
combs may be removed, extracted, and
stored away until they are needed

again. When a colony swarms, its
comb supers should go with the swarm,
while a set of extracting combs should
be placed on the old colony. Any
colony that at any time during the
honey flow, is found to be doing poor
work in the sections, should have those
sections promptly removed and re-
placed with a set of extracting combs.

As tlie season draws to a close, in-
stead of giving sections that may not
be completed, give extracting combs to
the colonies that are doing the poorest
work in the sections, giving their sec-
tions to others to be completed.

In this way you not only secure a
larger amount of finished honey, but
3'ou avoid having a lot of unfinished
sections to carry over until the next
season, and which would much better
be still in the crate in which they came
from the factory. My article in Aug-
ust Review of last year goes into de-
tail in some directions more than I
have here.

Of course a queen excluding honey
board is a practical necessity on every
hive that has one of these sets of ex-
tracting combs, but the advantages of
this are so great and so many that I
would not undertake to go without it,
and every hive that contains a colony
strong enough to store honey is sup-
plied with one. I use the wood-zinc
board, as no other form will keep the
exact bee spaces that are so necessary
for rapid and convenient handling.

ADVANTAGES OF A SHALLOW EXTRACT-
ING SUPER.

My extracting supers are six inches
deep, just the same as the brood cham-
bers, the only difference being that the
space occupied by eight frames in the
brood chamber is filled by seven in the
upper. These frames have a project-
ing top bar resting in a rabbet at the
top of the hive, but have close fitting
end bars, pressed closely together by
a screw through the side of the hive,
as in'the Heddon hive. This continual

118

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

pressure keeps out the propolis, or if
any gets in it is squeezed out so that
accumulations cause no trouble.

These supers can be handled any
side up about as safely as if they were
so many blocks of solid wood. No
frames are ever handled separately
until they come to the extracting room,
when the screws are loosened and the
whole dumped out upside down. They
are freed from bees by the use of a bee
escape or by Rambler's jouncer, a
valuable invention, though I had used
the same principle for a long time.
It will be seen that the change from

one kind of a super to another requires
very little time or handling.

Briefly, the advantages of the system
are that you secure more honey, a
higher grade of comb honey, save a
great deal of waste, and do it with a
control of the bees and an economy of
labor that can be secured by no other
method that I am familiar with.

This is not theory. I first gave this
sj'stem to the public about fourteen
years ago, and, for a longer time than
that, it has been the plan on which m3'
apiaries have been managed.
Grand Junction, Colo., Nov. 13, 1903.

^=*^^^^J

.xwactim

.one^e

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

^^HE clover and basswood honey
^^ season closes in this locality about
Jul3'^ 15th, and as soon as the honey is
cured, (usually a week after the flow
stops) we are ready to extract.

I think I will invite the reader to
go with me after a wheelbarrow load
of honey; then we can work and talk
at the same time. You better put on
this veil, as there is no honey coming
in now, and there will be robbers
around, so we must figure on the bees
being a little cross. Then I will light
up the 3^ -inch Bingham smoker. I
like quite a large smoker while ex-
tracting; at other seasons I do not need
so much smoke, and a smaller smoker
is more convenient. This smoker fuel
is cut from hard maple. The blocks
are cut A}2 inches long, then split up,
as you see, about ^ inch square.
This fuel gives a good, dense smoke;
and the beauty of it is, it lasts so long.
This is quite a saving of time, and as
this is our busy season, it is worth

considering. A smoker to handle this
kind of fuel, should have a conical cover
like the Bingham.

Now I will put this empty upper
story on the wheelbarrow. You will
notice that this wheelbarrow has a
20-inch wheel, with a 2^'^ -inch tire,
and, if I could find one with a 24-inch
wheel, I think it would be all the
better. We will also need this robber-
cloth, and a pry with which to loosen
the frames and upper stories. This
pry is made from a leaf of an old
buggy spring, broken in two in the
center where the bolt hole is. Each
leaf makes two, and they are all ready
to use. Now I will wet the ends of
this robber-cloth, so it will do its work
better. We are now ready to go out
in the 3'ard.

LITTLE, TIME-SAVING KINKS.

You will notice that I draw my
wheelbarrow ^^/nV/fl' me going out, then,
in all the yard work, it never has to
be turned around. A little thing to

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

119

mention isn't it? But, if I should
wheel in, say, forty loads a day, and
stop and turn around at both ends of
the trip, it would not be out of reason
to suppose that I could wheel in forty-
tivo loads without turning. If we can
save at this rate, in all the different
manipulations necessary to produce a
crop of honey, it will explain why it
is that one man will accomplish twice
as much as another, with apparently
no more exertion. If we can by "short
cuts" make our necessary work ac-
complish twice as much, how much can
we accomplish by dropping' the "thous-
and and one" unnecessary things some
bee-keepers are doing, things that do
not pay at all to do? I saw an edi-
torial in one of ouf bee journals last
year, where the editor recommended
keeping the entrance of the bee hives
cleaned out, during winter and spring,
with abent wire. Bosh! Then some go
so far as to lift their hives up, and
clean the dead bees from the bottom-
board. Put me on record as saying
that no man ever got one cent of pay
for cleaning dead bees out of a colony
of bees during spring, or any other
time, for that matter.

IMPORTANCE OF SYSTEM.

Too return: I will commence at the
east end of this south row of hives.
You see the hives face the south, and
by commencing at the south row, I
never have to work in front of any
colonies that have been disturbed. I
always commence at this corner hive
when extracting. In fact, whenever I
go over the yard to see if they need
room, or for anj' other reason, I com-
mence here, and go down through this
south row, back on the next, and so on
clear through the yard. I always
know which hive is "next." If it
does not need anything done to it, I
pass it by; but always going the same
route. With this system, I think more
can be accomplished, and then there is
no danger of missing any.

You will notice that the hives are in
groups of two. I like this way of ar-
ranging them, as we can put more
colonies on the same ground, and one
hive can be used to lay tools on while
working with the other. These hive-
stands are made of 2 x 4 white oak and
are just plain rims, spiked together at
the corners. Each stand measures
five feet ten inches long, by twenty-one
inches wide.

I will work this south row down
through until I come to a point south
of the honey house door, then I will ^o
to the other end, and work back, and
finish the row; with this method we
are always moving our honey toivards
the tanks. You will notice that the
most of the colonies have on two uppsr
stories, and as that is the number I
wheel in at a load, each trip finishes
a colony; and the hives are covered up
as quickly as possible, as it is impos-
sible to handle the honey without
starting some honey to running down
among the bees, and robbers are quick
to detect it, and the sooner we can get
the honey away, and the hive shut up,
the less likely we are to let the robbers
get a taste. If we are careful not to
let them get the start of us, we can ex-
tract all day without much trouble,
but if we are a little careless and let
them carry home a few loads of honey,
they are likely to come in such hordes
that it might be a good policy to close
up business for the day.

You will notice that the fourth hive
in this row has on only one upper
story; when I come to that I will take
it and go by those that have the two
on and get that other one that has only
one on, to finish out my load. Then I
will come back and get those I have
left. In this way I will get two upper
stories at a load, and still leave all
the colonies finished as I go along. I
place the wheelbarrow back of the
hive in such a position that I can stand
in one place and take the combs out of
the hive, brush the bees off, and place

120

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

the honey in the empty upper stories
on the wheelbarrow. I first see that
the smoker is in good trim, pry the
cover loose, lean it up against the front
corner of the hive, then proceed to
smoke down the greater portion of the
bees, after which I take out the combs
and brush the few remaining bees off
with a Coggshall brush. If I have
done a good job with the smoker there
will be only a few bees left along the
bottom bar. I do not try to get every
bee off the combs; it would take too
long; and many of them will leave be-
fore we get loaded up, and the few
taken in the extracting-house will soon
cluster on the screen-window and will
do no harm. When I get a comb free
from bees it is put in the further side
of the empty hive on the wheelbarrow,
and covered up with a robber-cloth;
then, when the next is ready to go in,
I slide the cloth up from the back side,
and continue in this manner until I
get in three combs of honey; the other
five are put in by sliding the cloth
back from the front. Then the upper
story that I have just emptied is pried
off and put on top of the one I have
just filled. Now I am ready to treat
the story below, the same as I have
the first one. The matter of getting off
what few bees there are left after
smoking down, say, three-fourths of
them, is not much work. What there
are will be near the bottom-bar.

brushing bees both "up" and
"down."

With the left hand, I take hold of the
corner of a frame, near the top-bar,
in such a way that the thumb and the
first and second fingers reach quite
well out on the end-bar. The further
I can reach out, without getting my
fingers sticky, the easier I can hold
the frame. The projection of the top-
bar comes in the palm of the hand.
You will see that with the grip on the
frame, I can make it hang nearly

straight up and down. Now I swing
the frame around until the bottom-bar
is nearlj'^ towards me. I am now
read}' to brush off the bees. I take
the Coggshall broom in the right hand,
and, with one downward brush I can
nearly clean the comb, and when I am
bringing the broom back up to sweep
the other side, I finish cleaning the
first side. You will see that by hold-
ing the comb in this manner, both sides
are in a position to be swept, without
changing the position of either hand.
As the bees are brushed off in front of
the hive, after the first downward
stroke, any straggling bees that may
be left are brushed up one side and
down the other. The idea is to brush
bees with both up and down strokes,
and the few bees that are left along
the bottom-bar may be disregarded.
This up stroke of the broom scatters
the bees some, but, as they are in front
of the hive, they have no trouble in
finding their entrance.

ONE GOOD FEATURE OF BLACKS AND
HYBRIDS.

The above is my method of getting
the bees off the combs where the
Italian blood predominates; but when
I come to a colony of blacks, or hy-
brids, or any colony that acts
"panicky" when I smoke them (I know
before opening the hive which they
are) I open the hive as before, and
gently smoke them off the top-bars until
I get them started down, when I
gradually increase the smoke until
they are nearly all in the 'lower half
of the upper story, when a few quick
strokes of the smoker will set them in
a panic, and they will nearly all run
down below. Now I work quickly
with the pry, loosen the upper story,
and set it off before the bees have time
to get back. In this way, many times
the combs are so free^^from bees that
they need no brushing, and are wheel-
ed direct to the honej'-house.

Remus, Mich., Feb. 17, 1904.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

121

^»U»*»^»»<^»*F»»«»*F*»^»»;ir»»V'^»»^»»Wni»»^*'*'^»*''*'*'**'»'*'»'**'»'U"»^*FiF»»liF»F»Fk^W'»F»^k»»*»F»^y»»F»F»FliJ

ntorl

5 ^

Eight Extra pages again this
month, and, as was the case with the
last issue, we have the advertisers to
thank for them.

t^^^^'^^'mW^P

Pennsylvania bee-keepers wlio are
interested in the forming of a State
Organization are requested to write to
E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Penn.

li^^*^iF^» « ^U"

The Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, of Ontario, Canada, has drop-
ped the idea of trying to handle honey
or to control the markets, but will
still give their attention to the collec-
tion of crop reports.

tP^P^mr^^-mP^P

Mr. Adrian Getaz admits that it
would be well if quality could be made
a part of the rules in grading comb
honey, but he does not see how it
could be done without gouging into one
or more of the sections, and thus spoil-
ing them.

This Issue of the Review will go to
hundreds of bee-keepers who are not
subscribers. To such I would say
that it will probably be to our mutual
benefit if you will read pages 134, 135
and 136. Those who are already sub-
scribers may find something of interest
in those pages.

Red Raspberries, so writes A. W.
Smith, of Parkville, N. Y., furnish a
honey as light colored as that from
white clover, and he is surprised that
I should say it is not quite so white.
Mr. E. A. Morgan, of Colbourn, Wis.,
also writes that the wild red raspberry
blossoms in profusion for two months,
frost or no frost. If killed once, twice,
or thrice, it will bud and blossom
again.

Ira D. Bartlett, of East Jordan,
Michigan, has kept bees for seven
years, wintering them out of doors by
the method described in the Review for
last August, and he has met with his
first loss. When he cleared away the
snow March 23rd, and blew in at the
entrances, six colonies out of 148 fail-
ed to respond. This is the most suc-
cessful out-of-doors wintering in Mich-
igan of which I have heard of this
year.

Accustoming Bees to sights and
and odors is recommended by Mr. C.
K. Cai-ter, of Eagle Grove, Iowa. He
says "put one of your old coats on top
of the hive, and, in a few days the
bees will not be so cross when you
come around the hive." He further
says "take an old horse blanket that
has been used and filled with sweat
and odor, and put it on the hive, and
the bees will not be so likely to sting a
horse as they were before they had
become acquainted with the odor. "

Unbound Sheets of zinc are used by
Mr. J. F. Mclntyre as queen exclud-
ers. The reasons that he gives for
this preference is that such sheets give
freer access to the supers than do the
wood-zinc excluders, and they can be
peeled off like a cloth instead of mak-
ing it necessary to break all of the
brace-combs at once. Mr. Mclntyre's
hive has a bee-space both above and
below the frames, and the sheet of
zinc is as large as the outside of the
hive. He says that the sheets do not
sag down in the middle, but the bees
sometimes push them up in the center
by crowding burr-combs under them.

122

THE SEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Ohio is quite likely to secure a foul
brood law. The bill has passed the
House and there is everj' indication to
show that it will go through the Sen-
ate. The bill is not like the Michigan,
Wisconsin and Ontario laws. That
is, there is no State Inspector ap-
pointed. It is more like the Colorado
law which provides for Countj' In-
spectors. The County Inspectorship
was a failure in Michigan, but it
seems to work all right in California
and Colorado, and it may in Ohio.
If it does not, it will be easier to get
the law changed to something else,
than it would be to pass a new one in
the first place.

V»»kF*»*Wlt»

Formalin Gas maj- have been a
failure in destroying the germs of black
brood, because not used strong enough,
nor long enough. Mr. E. W. Alex-
ander, at one of the New York insti-
tutes, told of the thorough manner in
which he had used it. He used a large
tank much like one described by Mr.
C. A. Huff in the Review of last Maj'.
The combs were put into a tank, the
gas turned on and kept going for
several hours. The combs were left
in the tank several daj's and then
given another fumigation. When the
cover was removed the tank was still
full of gas, and remained so for several
days afterwards. Some very severe
tests were made with black broody
combs, but all proved successful. Mr.
Alexander was quite emphatic in his
belief that those who had failed with
formalin gas had "not more than half
tried it. "

«m«^*^ir«^»*»

USING A TILE FOR A HIVE-STAND.

Mr. J. W. C. Gray, of Atwood, Illi-
nois, writes me of a novel hive-stand
that will not decay, nor be displaced
by moles; it is nothing more nor less
than a 12-inch drain tile set upon end,
in the ground, the upper end project-

ing a few inches above the surface of
the earth. This gives a circular sur-
face, one foot in diameter, upon which
to set the hive. A piece of thin board
leaning against the alighting board,
its lower edge resting upon the ground,
completes the arrangement, and Mr.
Gray well-says it is the cheapest, most
tidy and durable stand that has ever
been used.

^^■■^•^rf^^"^*

DISCOURAGING SWARMING.

In this issue of the Review Mr. Gill
tells why and how it is often desirable
to discourage swarming instead of
shaking the bees. At the last conven-
tion of the Ontario bee-keepers, Mr.
Morley Pettit gave advice something
in the same line. He said " I retard
swarming by giving ample room and
ventilation early in the season, and
by helping the weak with brood from
the strong. A weekly examination of
the brood chambers shows when a col-
ony is determined to swarm, when it is
at once shook upon starters, and the
swarming impulse is thus satisfied."

■ »li«»»U»W^»

STAND UP AND BE A MAN.

When I was about seventeen years
old I began the study of short hand,
or stenography, as it is now called.
As a method of practice, I was quite
given to jotting down m}' thoughts in
short hand in a note-book that I
carried. In rummaging through a
drawer the other day, I came across
one of these old note-books, and, in
glancing through its pages, mj' eye
was caught by the title of one of the
items. It was the same as the head-
ing of this article. I had the curiosity
to read it, and I consider the advice
good enough to print, even if it were
written by a boy in his teens. Here
is what I then wrote:

"How easy it is to stand up and be
a man when jou have no troubles,
when friends and fortune smile upon

THE BEE-KEEPER' REVIEW

123

you, and success attends your every
undertaking; but when troubles come
thick and fast, one sorrow treading-
close upon the heels of another, when
friends prove false and fortune frowns,
and one hope after another is dashed
to the ground, how hard it then is to
stand up and be a man.

But when is it that we most need to
be strong, hopeful and courageous?
Isn't it adversitj'^'s dark hour that
most requires us to exercise our manly
qualities?

Do not cower before the network of
difficulties, disappointments, trials,
and sorrows that you will surely meet
in this world; meet them bravely, un-
ravel the tangled threads, be resolute,
persevere, trust in God, stand up and
be a man."

As I look back over my past life I
can not help thinking how many times
I have been called upon to follow the
above advice; and how I have tried, to
the best of my abilit}', to follow it.

iJni»<^*H<'»*«

SOME SURPLUS EACH YEAR IS BETTER.

In favor of spreading out, and es-
tablishing out-apiaries, it has been
argued that this plan lessens the
chances of having no surplus, as con-
ditions var}' greatly even in localities
quite near to each other. I think no
one disputes the correctness of this
view, but some have put it in this
light: Suppose that I have an apiary
at home and another ten miles away.
Suppose, still farther, that each al-
ternate year there is a good crop at
home, but a poor one at theout-j^ard, and
vice versa. The assertion is made that
just as much honey would be secured,
provided overstocking puts no figure,
if all of the bees were in one locality.
Supposing all this is granted, there
still comes up another point: Isn't it
better for a man to have some income
each year, than to gpt a very large
amount one year, and to be left desti-
tute the next? It won't answer to set-

tle some of these questions with the
arithmetic. We must count in the
factor of human nature. When money
comes in by the hundreds or thousands
of dollars at a time, it is human nature
to be extravagant — to hope that next
year will be as prosperous. Extrav-
agant habits are formed, and when no
honey comes the next year, and the
money is gone, there is suffering, or,
at least, great inconvenience. Aside
from the fact that it is better to have a
steady income, year after year, I am
thoroughly convinced that more profit
will be secured, in the aggregate, if a
man owns several apiaries, scattered
about, than if he owns only one.

THE PECULIARITIES OF FORMALIN GAS.

Regarding the efficacy of formalin
gas for destroying the germs of foul
brood, Mr. France has mentioned that
bees hatched out of the cells of combs
that had been exposed to the gas.
Mr. France thought if the g'as could
not penetrate tlie cappings of brood
and destroy the bees just ready to
hatch, not much could be expected of
it in the way of destroying foul brood.
On the other hand, it was mentioned
several times at the bee conventions
last winter in New York, that the gas
had been used in hives of bees without
killing the bees. Right in this line is
an excellent article by Mr. J. E. John-
sor, of Williamsfield, Ills., published
in the last issue of the American Bee-
Keeper. The key note of the whole
article is contained in the following
words: "All bacteria, ferments and
fungi are of vegetable life, and should
be treated as plants. They neither
live nor die from the same causes as
animals. Some preparations will kill
both animal and vegetable life, but
usually not from the same cause or in
the same way." ■

It is easy for us to understand why
some preparation might kill animal
life but work no injury to vegetable.

124

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

and vice versa. Still further, some-
thing- that might be deadlj^ to one
form of animal life would be harmless
to some other form. For instance,
some insect powders cause the death of
some insects by clog-g-ing up the spira-
cles through which they breathe, but
are harmless to animals that breathe
by means of lung-s.

Mr. Johnson says there are only two
g-ases that are good germicides; that
from burning sulphur andfrom formal-
dehyde. The former is deadly to animal
life as well as to bacteria, but the
latter may be inhaled, along with air,
to a considerable extent, without in-
jury. At a medical college a dog was
confined for 24 hours in a room where
formaldehyde gas was turned in quite
strong, yet the dog was not injured,
except that his nose, eyes, mouth and
lungs were greatly irritated; but he
soon recovered so as to eat a he art j'
meal.

Mr. Johnson says we might saturate
a piece of cotton with a 40 per cent,
solution of formaldehyde, and lay it
upon the bottom board of a hive con-
taining a colony of bees, covering the
cotton with wire cloth to keep the bees
from coming in contact with the sol-
ution, as it would burn them. The gas
would be set free and combine with
the air in all parts of the hive. He
says that with a 40 per cent, solution
the bees would suffer, and probably
desert their hive unless given abund-
ant air both above and below, hence he
would advise the use of a weaker sol-
tition, gradually increasing the strength
until the right point is determined.

All this maj' seem like going on a
wild goose chase, but I sav' let those
who can, try these things.

SHALL THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

PUBLISH A STENOGRAPHIC REPORT

OF ITS ANNUAL CONVENTION?

If I am not mistaken, the National
Association of bee-keepers has never

yet employed a stenographer to take a
verbatim report of the proceedings of
its annual convention. Still further,
I believe it has never yet published
any kind of a report of its proceedings,
except such a report as had first ap-
peared in the American Bee Journal,
and then was afterwards put into book
form by the publishers of the American
Bee Journal. Perhaps, in times past,
the National has not been able to do
more than this, but isn't it now able
to employ its own stenographer, and
publish its own report?

The American Bee Journal has been
enterprising enough to employ a
stenographer, and to publish a report
of the proceedings, and in so doing it
has probably gained many subscribers.
Many have told me, and written me,
that one reason why they subscribed
for the American Bee Journal was be-
cause it gave the only stenographic re-
port of the National convention. The
National ought to "take advantage of
its advantages." If men pay $1.00 for
the American Bee Journal that they
may thereby read a report of the con-
vention proceedings, why should not
the National be able to hold out this
same inducement to men to become
members, viz., that by so doing they
would get a report of the proceedings
of the annual convention? Nothing
said here is intended to be derogatory
to the American Bee Journal. Instead,
that journal is deserving of praise for
its good business management and
enterprise, but, having said this, it is
strictl}' in order to ask why the Na-
tional should allow the American Bee
Journal, or any journal, to take ad-
vantage of advantages that belong to
itself? Publishing it in piecemeal, as
a journal from necessity must, it is
sometimes three months after the con-
vention is over before the report is all
printed. Then, after this, after per-
haps three-fourths of its members have
already read the report, to turn around
and pay out good money to have it put

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW"

125

into book form and sent to these same
members, to whom it is a twice told
tale, seems to me like very poor man-
agement on the part of the Association.
It seems that the other directors have,
of late, arrived at the same conclusion,
as, when this was proposed two years
ago, it was voted down with an over-
whelming majority. Last year it was
proposed that the Association buy
copies of the American Bee Journal,
that contained the report, and give
them to those members who were not
subscribers, thus furnishing every
member with a report, but this, too,
was voted down; only one or two
directors favoring it. If this plan had
been carried out it would have been an
injustice to those members who were
already subscribers to the American
Bee Journal. All members ought to
be treated alike, and, because I had
already paid $1.00 and become a sub-
scriber to the American Bee Journ^il,
there is no reason why I should help
pay for copies to give to some man who
was not a subscriber.

My opinion is that the time has
come when the National should em-
ploy its own stenographer, and get
out its own report of the annual con-
vention. In the same cover, and bound
in with it, should be the report of the
General Manager. Arrangements
should be made with some reliable
stenographer, and specifications should
be drawn up regarding the report, the
size of the pages, the size of the type,
the kind of paper that shall be used,
the kind of cover, etc., and then bids
should be solicited from printers, ask-
ing how much per page they will get
out such a report, and then the job let
to the lowest reputable bidder. These
things should all be settled before the
coming convention; and, within one
month, at the outside, after the close
of the convention, the report should be
in the hands of the members.

Probably not more than 10 per cent,
of the members will usually attend an

annual convention. Those who can
not go would like to know exactly what
was said and done, and one great in-
ducement for a man to become a mem-
ber, as I have already said, is that he
would receive a copj^ of the report of
the proceedings.

Unless some one forestalls me I
shall, within the next two or three
months, make a motion that the
National, at its next convention, em-
ploy a stenographer to take a verbatim
report, and that the Association pub-
lish the report, awarding the work to
the lowest reputable bidder. My
reason for publishing these views is to
call out discussion, and learn the
wishes of the members. I shall be
glad to hear from any one upon either
side of the question.

(HlK^M it •'«•'*

OVERSTOCKING.

The question of overstocking, of
deciding how many bees can be profit-
abl3^ kept in one locality, is one of the
most elusive that comes before the bee-
keeper. The publication, lastmonth, of
the radical views of Mr. E. W. Alex-
ander has brought me a lot of corres-
pondence on the subject, both pro and
con. As samples, I will give extracts
from letters received from two well-
known and practical men; one from
Harrj' Lathrop, of Wisconsin, and one
from the editor of the Rocky Mountain
Bee Journal. The former says:

The article on overstocking, by
Alexander, I feel, should never have
been published; because it is likely to
do untold injury to bee-keepers in
thousands of locations. There is
scarcel)^ a successful bee-keeper who
is not envied by some nearby persons
who would be only too glad of this
pretext to start in on an already oc-
cupied field. The moral restraints
that have, heretofore, to some extent,
protected priority- of rights, will melt
away like fog in summer. Then far-
ther, the theorj' that Mr. Alexander
has promulgated has been proven false
in a thousand cases on fields that are

126

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

above the average in honey produc-
tion,

I will only gfive you proof based on
actual experience. The last season in
in Southern Wisconsin was certainly
a good one for honey. My home-iield
at Monroe is what I call a good white
clover location, with some basswood
in good basswood j^ears. When I
started in there I bought out an apiary
that had been established for 25 years
without any opposition. I expected to
have the field, and bivilt a comfortable
home there with the intention of mak-
ing a living for my family in the busi-
ness; but just about that time another
person started in, and has built up an
apiary larger than mine! I purposely
confined mine to 75 colonies, to prevent
overstocking, supposing that he
would do the same without any par-
ticular understanding regarding the
matter. Last season he increased his
to 112 colonies, which would make, we
might sajs with other scattering col-
onies on the field, somewhere near 200.
Our best colonies ran for comb honej'
produced 75 pounds, while in an apiary
in the same county and a similar field,
at New Glarus, with only 35 colonies
on the field, gave 150 pounds of comb
honey from the best colonies. I was
there and saw the honey taken off all
in a bunch.

No, Mr. Hutchinson, the teachings
of Mr. Alexander's article have been
proven false in thousands of instances;
and I am away from home today, miss-
ing all the comforts that a man of my
age ought to have in his own home,
because his teachings are not true.

If it were true that I could go home
and gather together, at Monroe, my
scattered forces (colonies), have a
great big apiary, and get good crops
right there where everything is handy
and nice (you know how comfortable,
for you have been there) , I would not
be in such a place as this (Bridgeport)
pounding brass for the railroad com-
pany till eleven o'clock at night, wait-
ing on late trains. I expect to start a
I'ttle apiary here; and it will be the
only one I will have on an exclusive
field. The man who started on my
field at Monroe is old, and it is easier
for me to leave my home than it would
be for him. One of us must go, and I
have accepted the inevitable.

Mr. Morehouse does not make anj'
great comparison between a locality
that is overstocked, or well stocked,
and one having only a limited number

of colonies, but he brings out the point
— well, here is what he says :^

I was very much interested in the
article in the last Review from a New
York correspondent, upon the subject
of overstocking. I have never thought
this country as badly overstocked as it
is represented to be. I think one of
the greatest troubles is, it is ?/«der-
stocked with really skillful bee-keep-
ers. There is too much hap-hazard
about the methods used. To illus-
trate: In average apiaries here last
season, the yield was from nothing to
six supers per colony. The six-super
colonies were the colonies that were
largest at the beginning of the flow.
Now, using the "shook swarm system"
as a base, why not keep an extra
large number of colonies in each
apiary, and by uniting on starters,
with abundance of super-room at the
beginning of the honey flow, make
every colony in the apiary a six-super
colony? I am going to work on this
theory this summer.

I may as well say here what I ought,
perhaps, to have said long ago, and,
possibly, ought to say in ever}' issue,
and that is, that I publish many
things in the Review with which I am
not ready to agree. I wish the Re-
view to be broad in its views and
teachings. I wish it to be fair, and
to consider all sides of a question.
Still further, I often refrain, purposely,
from making any comment upon views
that are extremely radical — I wish
correspondents to be drawn out, rous-
ed up sufficiently to reply, and, that
too, without having their minds bias-
ed by an editorial. If I thought that
the publication, belief in, and adop-
tion, of certain views would work any
injury, I certainly should utter a word
of caution — or else not publish the
views at all. I will be frank enough
to confess that it did not occur to me
that the publication of Mr. Alexander's
article would lead bee-keepers to
crowd in upon other bee-keepers, and
I scarcely think now that such will be
the result, so thoroughly has the idea
of overstocking taken possession of the
minds of bee-keepers. The thought
that I had in mind was that many

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

127

times bee-keepers may think that their
locality is overstocked when it isuH.
They have been brought up to believe
that "about so many colonies" may
be profitably kept in their locality,
and the}' accept that decision without
experiment or question, greatly to
their loss, as was the case with Mr.
Alexander. I wished them to be rous-
ed up sufficiently to investigate.

I may say that my personal belief in
the matter of overstocking is that there
is a vast difference in localities and
seasons. It is quite likely that there
are times in basswood localities, yes,
and in buckwheat and clover regions,
when it would be almost impossible to
overstock the locality, but such con-
ditions last only a few days. In a
locality well-stocked with basswood,
such as may yet be found in some
parts of Michigan and Wisconsin,
there come times when it would be
practically impossible to overstock the
localit3^ The number of blossoms is
so great, and the flow so quick and
abundant, that a bee would never have
to wait for an opportunity to fill its
sac. But such flush times as these
last only a few days, and during the
rest of the j'^ear it is possible to over-
stock the locality.

The onlj' practical course I can see
in this matter is for each man to keep
a careful record, year after j'ear, of
his yields of honey, and of the number
of colonies that he has, also of the
yields in other apiaries that are near
his own and in which the conditions
are similar. The conditions vary so
greatly even in a few miles, and with
the dift'erent years, that the best any
man can do is to arrive at an approx-
imate nearness to a decision; and,
even then, there is likely to come an
occasional year that will upset all
previous decisions. Mr. Alexander's
experience is certainl}' out of the or-
dinary, but I think it was all right to
publish it, because there may be others
situated just as he is and don't know

it. If anyone has anything new to
offer on this old subject, the Review
will be onl}-^ too glad to publish it.

POPULOUS COLONIES.

They are Needed During the Honey

Harvest, and may be Secured by

"Shook-Swarming."

If there is one central point around
which all else revolves in the profitable
production of honey it is that of having
colonies with a large numberof workers
at the opening of the main honey-flow.
There may be different methods of
securing this condition, but secured it
must be, in some way or another, or
there is no profit. Editor Morehouse,
of the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal,
tells of one way in which this may be
secured. He says: —

One thing the writer has learned by
experience is, the number of bees at
work in an apiar5% not the number of
colonies, is the vital fact to be consid-
ered at the opening of the honey flow.
The more these forces can be conserv-
ed and held together, the better will
be the showing on the right side of the
bee-keeper's ledger. A swarm, no
matter how large, shaken on starters
and given ample storing room in the
surplus apartment, will not, normally,
cast a swarm that season, but will
continue gathering and hoarding the
treasured sweets the whole summer
long. There is profit in such a colony.

Apiaries, say of 100 colonies, as
they average at the beginning of the
honey flow, ought to have their work-
ing forces concentrated into at least
75, or even a fewer number. The
weaker colonies should be shaken to-
gether on starters and given all the
room they can comfortably occup3\
The principle is this: The greatest
force is needed when the flow is at its
best, as it will last but a short time,
and rapid work is necessary to take
full advantage of it.

Fellow bee-keepers, j'ou who doubt
the dictum of this article, try as an
experiment this summer, shaking two
of your strongest colonies together on
starters, give ample storage room, and
make note of results. Compare these
results with the average of your col-

128

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

onies worked separately, and if there
is not a percentage in favor of the con-
solidation plan, write us that it is a
fraud and a failure.

The beg-inning- of the honey flow is
usually marked by a division of forces
(swarming-) when the reverse should
prevail, if profit is soug-ht throug-h the
production of a large crop of honej\

GeotT^gia Queens

" The best is none too good."

Standard bred queens from Hall's strain of
superior, golden, improved, 5-banded, leather-
colored, and Carniolan stock. They are bred for
business, as hone}' gatherers, by the best known
methods. See how they please customers: -

Kansas City, Mo., Mar. 12, 1904
Mr. T. S. Hall,

Dear Sir— Enclosed please find
$1.00 for one of your Italian queens, to be sent
sometime in April. The one I got of you last
year proved very satisfactory.

Yours truly, Geo. C. Hall.

Uhtested queens, either strain, before July ist,
li.oo each; six for S5.00; twelve for $9.00. Tested
^i .50; select tested, $3.00; best, S5.00

After July i, untested, 75 cts.; six for $4.00;
twelve for $7.00. Tested, $1.25; select tested,
$2. so; best Js.oo.

Full colony with tested queen, «6.oo. Three-
frame nucleus, |2. 00; two-frame nucleus, Ji. 50.
No queen at these prices— add price of queen
wanted.

Selected, purely mated queens, mated to select
drones by our new system of mating, Ji .23.

Discounts on all large orders. Send for des-
criptive circular. T. S- HAL,L,
4-04-it Jasper, PickinsCo., Ga.

Red Clover

Italian Queens
for 1904. Our
strain of bees is
gathering hon-
ey in every State. We have had 21 years of ex-
perience in queen rearing, and our queens are all
reared by up-to-date methods. Untested, 75 cts.
each, or $8.00 a dozen; tested, Ji 00, or Sio 00
a dozen; breeders. $350 to jy. 00 A four-frame
hive, painted, stocked with bees, brood and a
queen, $3 50. We shall keep on hand from 400
to 600 queens, and will be able to send queens by
return mail, guaranteeing safe arrival. Send for
circular. G. RONTZAHN,

4-o4-6t Biglerville, Penn.

Choice Queens

Fop 1904^

We are again offering queens of the
best stock obtainable. Untested queens,
Golden, Leather Colored, or Carniolan,
warranted pure, 75 cts each, or $7 50 a doz.
Tested, $1.25 each, or S12 per dozen.

I Geo J. Vande VoPd |

g 4-04-tf Daytona, Florida. E

QBElElElBEiEIBIBlElElBElElSBEiBElEIEIEiEIEiB

s

s

S The Best In S

BEE SUPPLIES

LEWIS

Goods for Sale all Over
the World* Wherever
you are we can reach
you. We Have These

J AGENCIES \

S

E. T. Abbott, St. Soseph, Mo.
Dadant & Son, Hamilton, Ills.
Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.
Paul Baehert, Acton, California
Norris & Anspach, Kenton, Ohio
J. K. Hill 4V Co., Uvalde Texas
I^illy-Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash.
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah
Chas. A. Gallagher, Maquoketa, Iowa
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport, la.
Wisconsin Lumber Co., Fairbault,

Minn.
L. C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand

Rapids, Mich.
Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, Ohio

51 Walnut St.
Fruit Growers' Association, Grand

Junction, Colo.
Colorado Honey Producers' Ass'n.,

Denver, Colo., 1440 Market St.
C. M. Scott & Co , Indianapolis, Ind.

1004 E. Washington St.
Colorado Honej' Producers' Ass'n.

R.C. Aikin, Mgr., Loveland, Colo.
The Arkansas Valley Honey Produc-
ers' Association ( Incorporated )

Rocky Ford, Colorado

s

G. B. LEWIS CO.

S

WATERTOWN

s

s "■"" s

\ Wiconsin, ^ U. S. A. \

s s

V-»WVJO; .

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

129

And her quality is what your, surplus depends upon. Knowing-
this, we use extra care in the selection of our breeding stock. Se-
lected queens are g^iven one year's trial in our out-yards, and those
only are used for breeding- that have shown a marked superioritj'
in the yield of surplus honey.

Tested and untested queens and nuclei are now ready for
shipment. Send for 64- pag-e catalog giving- prices on bees, queens,
hives, and other supplies.

I Can Sell Goods Cheaper

Than the majority of dealers can furnish them, and here are
some of the reasons why: I am in the heart of the lumber regions,
where lumber is cheap and there is no freight to pay; I am in a small, country
town where labor is cheap; I have new, up-to-date, labor-saving machinery run
by water-power — the cheapest power in the world. Not only will I sell goods
cheaper but I Will Pay the Freight to Chicago, St. Paul or
Minneapolis, on shipments passing through those points. Send
for my catalog and get my prices before ordering,

W.H.Patnatn, t^ivep palls, Wis.

Try The Case Strain WWWyWVk.

Of Italians. They make the whitest comb honey; have proved

best for extracted, especially in Cuba; and are but little inclined

to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms

bought 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is second

to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning better queens, JJ^

earlier and more of them, for 1904. Fine untested, $1.00. Select, J^

$1.25. Tested, $1.25, up. Circular sent free for the asking. mC.

J. B. Case, Port Orange, Fla, mm0

130

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

We Want a
Representative

In every community, to whom can be
turned over each :noiUh expiring sub-
scriplioii.s for renewals; also lo secure
new subscriptions on a special plan which
in.-ures the bulk of Ihe magazine busi-
net-s wherever our propositions are pre-
sented. Magazine reading is on the in-
crease. Where one magazine was sub-
scribed for ten years ago, five are taken
today. Hundreds and sonit times thou-
sands dollars are paid out annually in
every community for new subscriptions,
and in renewing old ones. The Success
Clubbing Offers secure "the inside track"
in getting this business. Our represetita-
tives renew from 70 to ^o per cent, of sub-
scriptions on the expiring lists furnished.
\'i'rite to'day
THE SUCCESS CO., Wash. Sq., N. Y.

A.

TipP' TnnmalQ ^"^ Sale: in a good
-'-'^^ J^U-J-^J-dlS state of preservation,
Review for the years
'88, '8g, '90, 'gi, '92, '93, '9^, '95. '98, '99, '02 and '03,
Canadian Bee Journal, Vols. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of old
scries, and Vols, i, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of new se-
ries. American Bee Journal. Vols. 33 and 34.
American Bee-Keeper, Vol. II. Prices on ap-
plication. S. McDonald. Muirkirk, Ont., Can.

Hadieal Gbange

There has been a complete change in
ownership and management with the

JWinnesota Bee-Keepeps' Sapply Go.

That change extends to the manner of
filling orders, and the general treat-
ment of patrons. We don't desire to
make business out of our friends — we
want to make friends out of our busi-
ness.

Made some changes in the machine-
ry line, too. We are turning out the fin-
esthives weeversaw — you'llsay so, too.

Can't promise much on section-orders
unless they are put in soon — running
short on material.

Keep your eye on this space^we're
going to tell you some interesting
things month after month. 4-04-lt

The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Co.,

(John Doll & Son)
Minneapolis, • Minnesota.

Of
Of

I understand that the Santa Fe will sell one^
way colonist tickets to

(f>
(f>

(f>
(?)
(f>
(f>
(f>
(P

ornia

during March and April at very low rates:

^33

from Chicago and
$25 from Kansas City

Please advise me full Particulars
Name

St. No.

City and State

Cut out this advertisment and mail to
Geu. Pass, office, A. T. & S. F. JRy-, Chicago

Santalfe

ALL THE WAY

m
^

(f>
(f>
(f>

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIFJW.

131

TWENTY YEARS

OF

Careful Breeding

In regard to the origin of
my strain of Italians. I would
say that they were developed
bv selection and crossins.
The first Italian queen that I
ever possessed was of the
Thos G. Newman stock. The
next was of A. I. Root's red-
clover stock: purchased in
1881 In 1882. 1 purchased one
of friend Root's hest imported
queens, for which T paid
$6 00. She was a valuable
queen, indeed; producing
workers which were hardy
and regular hustlers for
gathering honey. I stocked
my apiary with her daugh-
ters, saving onlv a few queens
of the other stock to furnish
drones. This gave me a di-
rect cross, which, I think, is
the secret of my success.

In 1R83 I found one of the
danehters of the Root import-
ed queen far out-stripping
everything in the vard in the
way of honey-gathering and
comb-building: and her bees
capped their honey so white
that it made it appear the
most beautiful comb honev I
ever saw In this queen I had
an acquisition. I used her as
a breeding queen. Her bees
were not as handsome as the
Newman stock: but beautiful
HONEY attracted mv eye and
pocketbook more than fancy
bees.

If von wish for a strain of
bees that are really "Suner-
ior," and at a much lower
orice than sold by Mr. Hutch-
inson, send for the handsom-
est queen circular that was
ever printed.

J.P.MOORE

Morgan, Kentucky

lu. SEED^POTATOESf

500,000 BUSHELS

iroRSAUEXHEARj

Largest seed potato grolvers in the Ivorld I
Elegant stock. Tremendous yields.
From 400 to 1000 bushels per acre.

¥OR 10 CENTS

and this notice we send you lots of farm
seed samples and big catalogue, telling
all about Teosinte, Speltz, Peaoat, Aerid
Land Barley, Macaroni Wheat, Bromus,
Earliest Cane, etc. bend lor same today.

JOHNA.SALZER.

SEED CO. LA CROSSE, WIS.

Daughters of select, imported Italians, select
long - tongue ( Moore's ) and select golden, bred
3^ miles apart, and mated to select drones. No
impure bees within three and only a few within
five miles. No disease— ,51 years of experience.
All mismated queens replaced free. Safe arriv-
al guaranteed.

Prices before July After July i
1 6 12 1 6 12

Untested $ .75 4oo 7 5° S .60 3.25 6.00

Select 1. 00 5.00 900 .75 4.25 8.00

Tested i.,=jo 8.00 1=^.00 1.25 6.50 12.50

Select tested.. 200 10.00 18.00 1.50 8.00 15.00

Untested queens ready April 20th

JOMH Mo DAVSS

4-04-3t Spring Hill, Tenn.

W. M. Cockersham, of Ronda, N. C.
manufactures

Bee Supplies

AND REARS

Queens foP Sale

at the following-

Apr.

One Untested, $1.00
Three " 2.90

One Warranted, 1.25

One Tested 1.50

Select Tested,.. . ■».oo
Breeding, 8.00

/>/«a«. mt

prices

May

$ 90
2.75
1. 10
125
2-75
8.00

June

$ .80
2.50
1. 00
1. 10
2.50
8.00

July
and
after

I -75
2.25
1. 00
1. 00
2.25

132

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Queens by Return Mail: i

am in the " Sunn 3'
South" and I can fill
orders fiozv, no matter
how large. I can fur-
nish either tlie three- or the five-banded Italian Queens, untested, at $1.00 each,
or six for $5.00. Tested, $1.25 each, or six for $7.00. Breeders, j-ellow all over,
$3.00 each. Sold 1,800 4-04-tf

queens last year. Safe
arrival guaranteed.

DANIEL WURTH, Karnes City, Tex.

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, 18 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself. " This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

>uiieesi^

From the Cotton Belt Apiaries are as good
as the best and as cheap as the cheapest, and
you can get them by return mail at the following
prices : Untested, 50 cts. ; tested, 75 cts. ; breeders
$3.00. We make one- two- and three-frame nu-
clei a specialty. Write for circular and price
list, which gives full information. 4-04-9t

Box 83,

Our S10.000

MONDENG
4-04-61

Bee - Keepers' Supply
Manufacturing plant is
ready for business. Send
for price list.
CO, Minneapolis, Minn.
147-149 Cedar l,ake Road

BPECIAL

FOR

March AND April

No. 1 Sections, $4.00; No. 2, $3.50,
Plain Section 25 cts less. Dovetailed
Hives, 8-frame, IH Story, in lots of
10, $1.25 each; lots of 20", $1.15 each;
lots of 50, $1.10, 10-frame for 15 cts
more per hive. The Poor Man's Hive,
rabbeted, $1.00. Foundation, Smokers,
Frames, etc., in stock. Price list free.

W. D. SOPER,
3-04-tf R. F. D. No. 3, Jackson, Mich

Roxton, I^amar Co., Texas.

Beekeepers' Supplies

and Queens for sale by W. B. Vaughan

Newburg, N. Y.
3-04-3t 45 Smith, St.

^ Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship

^m and material. By sending- j'our order now you will save

loi money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1904

Wl Catalogue and Illustrated Price List — free for the asking-.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 133

}W^

The most fully illustrated bee journal published.
Reliable quotations of the beeswax markets.

IW§/) Reliable quotations of the honey markets. W&

w4.l No medical or fake advertisements. ^fjii

i#> More than 1,000 pa^es annually. {p$[

^P! " ' IP

Si Notes of Travel by A. I. and E. R. Root. (|i

te Stray Stray by Dr. C. C. Miller. |g!

jpj Pickings by Stenog. fej

p Editorials by A. I. and E. R. Root. <0

if| Our Homes by A. I. Root. jlS

<P^ Seasonable Suggestions by G. M. Doolittle.
General Correspondence by Contributors.

Some of Gleanings Departments :

i Special Ofiers: 1

)^jrc-l 1. Sample Copy Free m^(

CiS) 2. Six Months' Trial $ .25 mg)

)i% 3, Gln'g-s 1 yr. and Unt. Ital. Queen, (Apr., Mayor June) 1.00 m!i\

m^. 4. Gleanings 1 yr. and A B C of Bee Culture, postpaid, 2.00 )^f^

e^t^5 5. Gleanings 1 yr. and Langstroth Revised, postpaid, 2.00 ]^W

W^l 6. Gleanings 1 yr. and Doolittle's Queen Rearing, postpaid, 1.50 W'^l

(W^l 7. Gleanings 1 yr. and Cornell Smoker, postpaid 1.50 ^§^S

C^2^) 8. Gleanings two years 1-50 ^g^JS

^^/^l 9. Gleanings three years 2.00 j^^\

ESx 10. Gleanings five years 2.50 '""

Y/^iH

S The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. 1

134

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

rr/HIS issue of the Review is a fair
-^ sample of what it will be for the
rest of the year — yes, and of what it
has been for the last few months. Tlie
Review does very little threshing- over
of old straw, generalizing-, or uttering
of platitudes. It takes up new, bright,
livel}',

A more simple, cheaper and better
method of feeding bees has never been
invented than that described in this
issue by Mr. Alexander. If judicious-
ly followed it would often result in a
crop where none would be otherwise
secured. Getting the bees started in
the sections early in the season is one
of the most important steps in comb
honey production. Closing the season
with most of the sections finished is
another important factor. See how
completely it can be managed by the
methods described by Jas. A. Green.
Managing large numbers of bees in
out-apiaries, for comb honey, and yet
having no swarming, was once thought
an impossibility, yet see how com-
pletely Mr. Gill has solved the problem.
These are the kind of articles that are
published in the Review. In short,
the Review was never more full}'
equipped, in every way, than at
present, for helping bee-keepers; and
it will use all of these advantages the
present year in taking up and discuss-
ing two of

Tl^© Most Iffiapos'tmiat
S^IbJ©cts

connected with bee-keeping, viz., the
production of large quantities of honey,
cheapl}', and the selling of it at a high
price. The first few issues of this
year will be especially devoted to the
discussion of the first-mentioned topic,
then, in July or August, marketing
will be taken up and continued through
the year. I do not mean that other
important matters will not be touched
upon, but that special attention will
be given to these two.

For instance, last year, Mr. F. E.
Atwater, of Boise, Idaho, with only
one helper.

scattered from seven to eighteen miles
from home, and in the January Re-
view he had a long article describing
the hives, implements, and methods,
that enabled him to accomplish this
feat.

Mr. E. D. Townsend of Remus,
Michigan, js

Tl^© M©st E^t©s!isive

.ApmrssH

in this State; managing out-apiaries
with the least possible amount of labor,
much of it unskilled at that, and mak-
ing money out of the business, and he
is telling the readers of the Review

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

135

"how he does it." Four articles from
his pen have already appeared, and
there are three more on hand. More
will follow on marketing' and winter-
ing. All of his writing-s are practical,
like the one in this issue, which so
graphically describes the most im-
portant feature of extracted honey pro-
duction— getting the combs of honey
from the hive to the honey house.
Last month he described

12 X 16 feet in size, costing only about
$40, yet it can be taken to pieces by
sections, loaded on a wagon, and four
men can set it up in an hour.

Another correspondent, over which
the Review is congratulating itself, is
Mr. E. W. Alexander, of Delanson,
N. Y. He has had 50 long j'ears of
experience with bees. His locks are
white, but his eyes are bright, his
step elastic, and he still has the
enthusiasm and fire of youth. The
first of a series of articles from his
pen appeared in the last Review, and
contained some most radical views on

We have been led to believe that
about 100 colonies were the profitable
limit for keeping in one apiary. Per-
haps this is true in many, if not most,
localities, but, if many more than this
can be profitably kept in one apiarjs it
would greatly lessen the expenses.
Mr. Alexander has been experimenting
along that line for several years.
Last j^ear he had 700 colonies in his
home-yard without lessening his yield.
This year he expects to increase the
number to 1,000. His experience and
views on this subject are certainlj'
worth considering.

'tmeens

by using the bees of only one colony
would seem to be an impossibility, yet
W. H. Laws, of Beeville, Texas, has

been, for the last year, practicing a
method that not only enables him to
do this, but allows of the introduction
of virgin queens that are from five to
seven days old, avoids all trouble
from fertile workers, prevents loss
from absconding, and queens may be
mated in a locality free from objection-
able drones. This method is illustrat-
ed and described in the last issue of
the Review.

Sold 20, ©DO llbso

When it comes to the marketing, I
have on hand an article by Mr. H. C.
Ahlers, of West Bend, Wisconsin, in
which he tells in detail how he has
built up a trade in selling extracted
honey direct to consumers, in which he
last year sold 20,000 pounds, and most
of it at /i" cenis a pound/

Tlh® fiI©innie=Me^irM.®t

is something that mtmy of us have
neglected as too small to be worth
noticing, especially if it is only a small
town, but our energetic General Man-
ager of the National Association, Mr.
N. E. FranceofPlatteville, Wisconsin,
manages to sell about 8,000 pounds a
year, if I remember arig-ht, in his little
home-city, of only 4,000 inhabitants.
He does no peddling, it is all sold at
the groceries, butcher shops, and the
like, and he so manages as to get
eight cents a pound for it. What that
management is, how the honey is put
up, the package, in fact the whole
modus operandi will be described by
Mr. France in the Review, long ere
the time comes to put this year's crop
on the market.

in something the same line as a milk-
man has a route, has been inaugurated
and put in practice for several years
by Mr. C. F. Smith, of Cheboygan,
Michigan. There is no peddling about
it. On certain days, except during
the busy time of the year with the bees,

136

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Mr. Smith goes over a certain route,
calling at certain houses and deliver-
ing- a certain amount of honey. In
this way he sells all of his own ex-
tracted honej" at 13 cents a pound, and
then bu}'s and sells thousands of
pounds besides.- How the honey is put
up, how the route was established,
how he knows at which houses to call,
and how much honey to bring, etc.,
will be told to the readers of the Re-
view in an article that Mr. Smith is
now preparing with much care as to
detail and helpfulness.

So much in the way of retailing
hone3% and we now come to the sub-
ject of selling honey direct to retail
dealers, instead of sending it to com-
mission merchants who, in turn, sell to
the retailers. This is

A BiM Field.

and one that has been little worked, but
I have found a man who has had a lot
of experience in this line, Mr. S. A.
Niver, formerly of New York, but now
of Chicago. For several years, quite a
number of extensive bee-keepers near
Groton, New York, turned their crops
of comb honey over to Mr. Niver, who
graded and crated it, and then packed a
case with samples, and went out as a
"drummer, " selling direct to the retail

trade, going over the same ground m.ore
than once, taking orders and collecting
for the hone}'. I have an article from
Mr. Niver telling of his success. It is
long, readable, full of humor, and of
suggestions for some man to go and do
likewise. Mr. Niver is now at work .
preparing an article on retailing honey
to city customers.

The foregoing are onl}- a few of the
good things that are in store for the
readers of the Review — these are given
simply as samples. The prospects for

in bee-keeping were never brighter for
the man who will arouse himself, wake
up to the changed conditions of thing's,
and take advantage of the changes.
One thing is certain, if you are a bee-
keeping specialist, if bee-keeping is
your di/si/iess, you can't afford noi to

]Reei.dl thxe Revlewe

It will lead you, and encourage you,
and fill you with ideas, and tell j'ou
how to do things — show you how to en-
large 3'our business and make money.
Send $1.00 for the Review for 1904,
and long ere the year is out you will ad-
mit that it was the most profitable in-
vestment you ever made.

.Iin4,

NORRl/ & AN/PACH

Kenton,
OHIO.

Manufacturers and dealers in bee-keepers' supplies. Jobbing agents for
the G. B. Lewis Co., of Watertown, Wis. We handle a complete line of their
goods, at regular, cat^ilog prices. Dovetailed Hives, Triumph Hives, Sections,
Smokers, Veils, Honej' Cases, in fact, ever3'thing for the bee-keeper. Frst-class
goods, prompt shipments. Special prices on large quantities.
4-04-31 Please mention the Review.

THE BEE-KEEPER' REVIEW

137

■miimBiniiirBiii

[iiaimiiiniiiiniiiBiiiiiiiiii

■iiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiniBiiniiininnimiiiiini

iiiiiiii

Bee-Keepers

It is a conceded fact that the
bulk of the honey of the future
is going to be produced in the
irrigated portion of what is
known as "Arid America." If
you are interested in the pro-
gress of apiculture in this vast
region, you should subscribe
for the

RocKy A\ountain

B^e Journal,

a twenty-page monthly; price
50 cents per year.

This is now the only bee pub-
lication west of the Missouri
river. We have several hun-
dred eastern suljscribers, and
have still room for more. Write
for free sample copy. Address

H. (5. A\orebouse

Boulder, Colo.

Weiss
Foundation

Is guaranteed to stand at the
head for quality and work-
manship, as it is made by the
latest process of sheeting and
purifying wax, and will defy
competitors to its quality and
purity. Send for a sample
and catalog and be 3'our own
judge. Working- wax a spec-
ialt}\ Friend Bee-Keeper, now
is the time for you to send in
your wax and have it worked
into foundation. Highest pri-
ces paid for beeswax. Cash,
32c; trade, 33c. Impure wax
not accepted. A full line of

Bee Supplies

AUGUST WEISS,

msis
■niiiia

iiiiiiii

3-04-tf

GREENVILLE, WIS.

J Root's Goods 2vt t
1 Root's Prices I

|iiiiiia

iiiiui|

iiniiii
iiiiiiii

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everylhnig used by Bee-Keepers.

lyarge and complete stock on hand
at all times. I,ow freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Wz^lter S. Pou«Icr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOI^IS, IND.

■Illlna

iiiiiiii

A\2irKetiog

Of honey is fully a'^ important
as its production. To produce
a crop of honey cheaply, and to
sell it to the best advantage, are
distinct processes.

Whether honey should be sent
to a distant market, whether
sold outright or on commission,
whether the home market can
be profitably developed, wheth-
er the bee keeper should sell
the lionev himself, or employ
some one, the peddling of hon-
ey, etc. are all thoroughly dis-
cussed in one of the chapters of
"Advanced Bee Cui^ture."
Remember, too, that this is only
one chapter out of 32.

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the
Review one year and the book
for|i.25. Stamps taken, either
U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

|iiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiigiiniini|
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«!|i{||iiie!!i|!!|ii|!UJ!i!ii|t|i!iiiii|iu{i>M!
Diiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiliiiiiiijijjiiiiiiniiiiii'i

i^d

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

THE BEST BEE - GOODS

In the world are no better than those we make, and the chances
are that they are not so good. If 3'ou buy of us you will not
be disappointed. Our Air-spaced Hive is, undoubtedly, the
best winter-hive made. Convenient as a single-walled hive.
Upper story, bodies, supers, covers and inside material inter-
changeable with Dovetailed Hive. Fully described in catalog.
Send for new catalog and price list; and free copy of the
AMERICAN BEE - KEEPER; in its thirteenth j'ear;50 cents
a year; especially for beginners.

The W. T. Falconer Manf g Co.

JAMESTOWN, NEW YORK

Wm. M. Gerrish, Epping, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at
catalog prices. Order of him and save freight.

IT PAYS TO BUY

/tandard Bred Queens.

We have them true to name.

Buckey strain 3-banded Italians.
Golden Italians.
Carniolans.
We guarantee safe arrival.

Ready to mail April

PRICES.

One

Six

Twelve

Untested,

. $ .75....

.... $4.00

... $7.50

Select

Tested

1.00

5.00

... 9.00

.. 1.50....

. ... 8.00

... 15.00

Select Tested

. 2.00. . .

10.00

... 18.00

Select Breeders

$3.00

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

51 W;alnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

3-04-8t

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Ii9

a^

■^mm^mm

.i5^'.i7-^?='-/5^'^5=''^?"=^'l^^

quirin"utp;«

Has a strain of Italian bees in which prolificness and honej'-
g'athering- are developed to a high degree. His location fur-
nishes a continuous honey-flow throughout the season, while
the broad, extended prairie surrounding his yard allows of no
undesirable drones in bee-trees. He expects to keep on hand
from 600 to 1,200 queens, and be able to fill orders by return
mail, guaranteeing safe arrival, at the following prices ; —

Before July After July ist

One Six Twelve One Six Twelve

Select $1.00 fo.oo I9.00 .75 $4.00 $7.00

Tested 1.50 8.00 i .00 i.oo 5.00 g.oo

Select Tested . 2.00 10.00 18.00 1.50 8.00 15.00

Breeders 4.00 3. to 15.00

Straight five-banded breeders 6.00 500

Two-frame Nucleus, no queen, 2.50 14.00 25.00 2.25 12,00 22.00

Full colony, on eight frames, 6.00 30.00 4.00 22.00

Send for Circular giving many particulars that lack of
space forbids mention here. POINDING CARTONS at

onl}' $4.00 M, so long as present stock lasts.

QUIRIH-THE-QUEEH-BREEOEH, Bellevue, Ohio

1

f

#

^^^^^^^^^^^^j^^^ii

•^•^^^ •^?^-^2?'',£?' '^:::=^'i^',^ •^£^'.£?''.i7 IMI '=5:^-^^^''=?;i*"=^-^Ci.''';^' '^i>-''^'"'==:i'"'=5i''=^'''5i^'

^;.^;,^:;^;:^;:^;^:^t^;^;^;^(^

Root's Goods at Root's Prices.

Choice White Wyandotes and Barred
Rocks. Best strain Italian queens. Send
for circular. J. F. MICHAEL,

1-04-tf R F D I. Winchester, Ind.

-If you are going to —

BlJ Y A BUZZ -SAW,

write to the editor of the Keview. He hae a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

i:

PATEINT, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 2-4

VEiARS the: beist. catalog freie:

F. BINGHAM, FA RNA/EZLL, MICH

140

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

A monthl}' Bee Journal devoted to the
interests of the bee - keepers of the
Northwest, and one that will teach you
how how to make money.

The first issue contains valuable in-
formation for beg-inners, by Harry
Lathrop, A. D. Shepard, M. V. Facy,
and others. Shook Swarming-, or how
to control the swarming impulse, by
W. Z. Hutchinson. Co-operation among
Bee-Keepers, by Walter R. Ansell.
The Provost Marshall in the South Af-
rican War, by Captain Thomas, who
is a subject of King Edward. The
Home - Department, by Mrs. Effie
Brown. The report of the Annual,
Wisconsin Bee - Keepers' Comvention.

These are some of the interesting
subjects that will be found in the first
number, which will issue from the
press about April 10th. Advertising
forms close the 20th of the preceding
month.

We are now at work on the May
number, and can assure j^ou that the
second number will be more valuable
and interesting than the first.

It will be the purpose of The Rural
Bee-Keeper to champion the cause of
the small. County bee-keeper, to show
him how to make mone3' out of bees.
First, it will show him how to produce
the greatest amount of choice honey in
the shape that will bring the best cash
return with the least expense. Later
it will show him how to cash his crop.

Subscribe now. Begin with the first
issue, and get fifty dollars worth o
good, sound information in one ye
only fifty cents.

River Falls, Wisconsin.

Capt J. E. HETHERIJIGTOH'S

Oooc fntf <;a1o ^'''^ hundred colonies from
DBCa lur UOIC the Virginia apiaries belong-
ing to the estate of the late
Capt. J. E. Hetherington. These bees are Car-
niolans, bred from carefullv selected queens,
are perfectly healthy, and in the Hetherington-
Quinby hive. They have had the personal care
of Capt. Hetherington. For further informa-
tion address H. B. HETHERINGTON,
4-04-it Hardesty, Warren Co. , Va.

Please mention the Reuieui.

w

u

Root's Goods

FOR

IOWA

An'' 'he \ jst

\T

Root's Prices.

jr 18 years I have

•een in the supply

business, and I have

j ust now completed a

New Building

Filled with the larg-
est stock of supplies
ever carried in the
West. I am cen-
trally located, have
every convenience
for handling busi-
ness with dispatch,
and my shipping fa-
cilities are the best.
Write for catalogue.

Jos. Nysewander,

565 and 567 W. 7th St.

Des Moines, Iowa.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

141

Marshfield

MANUFACTURING CO.

Marshfield, Wisconsin, makes, a specialty
of Sections^ and they are the best in
the market. Wisconsin basswood is the
right kind for them. They also have a
full line of Bee - Supplies. Write for
free. Illustrated Catalog and Price List.

Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich., has
in storage, awaiting your order, Four
Carloads of standard goods, such as
Danzenbaker Hives, Root's Dovetailed
Hives, Roots Chaff Hives, Hilton Chaff
Hives and T-Supers, Cov^an Extract-
ors, Cornell smokers, Doolittle Wax
Extractors, Weed Foundation, Section
Boxes, Etc. 36-page Catalog free.
3-04-31 Please mention the Review.

It Pay

Schmidt & Cq.
R. H.

Sto send your orders a dis-
tance of 10,000 miles for
your bee-supplies to R. H.
Send for new catalog today.
SCHMJDT & CO.

Sheboygan, Wis.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queensy and
Laws' Holy Land Queens. ''

I<aws' queens are doing business in every State

in the Union and in many foreign countries.
The demand for I.aws' queens has doubled any

previous season's sales,
lyaws' queens and bees are putting up a large

share of the hou'^y now sold
Ivaws' stock is being sold for breeders all over

the world. Why? Because it is the best to

be had.
Remember I That I have a larger stock than ever;

that I can send you a queen any month in

the year and gu rantee safe delivery; that I

have many fine breeders on hand. Price.
/ $3,00 each. Tested, each. $1.25; five for $6.00.

Prices reduced after March 15. Send for

circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

142

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

^•SSS?.^<SiV■^-i^

m

Wi

m

m
%

%

W

w

il
m

Dadant's

Foundation

Wby Does it Sell so Well ?— Because it has always
given better satisfaction than any other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

We Guarantee Satisfaction— What more can any-
body do? Beauty, purity, firmness, no sagging-, no
loss. Patent Weed Process of Sheeting.

Beeswax Wanted at all Tin^ej— Send name for our
Catalog, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

l-angjtrotb on the Honey - Bee, Revised,
classic in bee-literature. $1.20 by mail.

The

DADAiST G- SON,

Hanjiltoi?, Illinois.

ris^Ois for AVcblja^O

3-04-lot

ii

m

W

»

m.

m

p

^'

G. B. LEWIS SECTIONS

These sections are the best in the world, and I
am prepared to handle them in Canada. I also
keep in stock all kinds of bee-supplies. lam
running two yards of 300 colonies each, and I
want a good man to take charge of one of them .
They are run for comb honey. None but a good
man need apply.

I am also breeder of S. C Black Minorcas, all
imported stock from England and Scotland, 15
eggs for $1.00. B. P. Rock, Beadley Thompson
andl^effell Conger Strain, 15 eggs for $1.00.
Beeswax wanted.

N. H, SMITH,

3-04-it Lock Box A. Tilbury, Ont. Can.

FItata muntlon tht Heuleio,

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $ro.oo last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review— simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Micfe.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North Aniericaji Bee-Keepers'
Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are made according
to these rules:

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, usiuir the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

Tiie prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission— the laalance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only
live per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

KANvSAS CITY, MO.— The honey market
is heavily stocked, and dull; bvit beeswax is firm.
We quote as follows: — Fancy white,$2. 25 to $2.50
per case; No.i, I2.25; white, extracted, sJ^ to 6c;
beeswax, 30c.

WAI^KER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Mar. 3c. 423 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo

CINCINNATI— The demand for honey is
brighter than it has been in the past sixty days.
We continue to offer Amber Extracted in bar-
rels at 554 to 6!- els, according to quality. White
Clover Extracted is a drag on the market at 654c
to 8 c in barrels and cans. Comb honey seems
to be reviving at I3'/2C to 15c for fancy. Beeswax
is wanted by us at 30c per lb delivered here.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
March 29 Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUP'F.M.O — Honej' can only be made to move
by cutting prices sharply on all grades. Stocks
are not heavy but they drag. Still we can move
them moderately at quotations, which are as
follows: — Fancy white, 12 to 13c; No.i white, 10
to lie; fancy ariiber g to loc: No i amber, 8 to gc;
fanc3' dark, 8 to S^c; No.i dark, 7 to 8c; beeswax
25 to 32c.

BATTERSON & CO.

March 29 159 Michigan St. Buffalo, N. Y.

PHILADEIvPHIA— The season for selling
honey has been prolonged on account of the
cold weather, which has certainly been very for-
tunate for the bee-keeper, as there never was as
much honey shipped in so late in the season to
be disposed of. It has broken the price quite
considerably, but there is still quite a demand,
which otherwi.se would have fallen off. We
quote as follows: — Fancy white comb, 13 to 14c;
No. I, i2c: amber and buckwheat, 9 to loc; Ex-
tracted buckwheat, 7 to 8c: amber, 6 to 7c; bees-
wax 31c and in good demflnd. We are producers
of honey and do not handle on commission.
WM. A. SELSER.

March 30 10 Vine St. Philadelphia, Pa.

CHICAGO — 'The market is heavily supplied
with comb and extracted, neither of which are
meeting with any demand; especially is this true
of the comb honey. Prices are uncertain, as
those having stock are anxious to sell it; there-
fore, it is difficult to quote prices. The best
grades of white comb bring 11 to 12c, anything
off, from choice to fancy, is not svanted. Ex-
tracted white, according to qviality, sells at 6 to
7c; amber, 5 to 6c; beeswax 30 to 32c.

R. A. BURNETT & Co.,
April 7. 199 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

NEW YORK— Market is quiet 0.1 comb honey,
with plenty of supply of all grades. Beeswax
firm and scarce. Extracted in fair demand.
We quote as follows: Fancy white. 14c; No. 1
white 12 to i-!c; fancy amber itc; No. I amber,
loc; fancv dark, gc; white, extracted, 6% to 7c;
amber, 5^c; dark, 5c; beeswax, 29c to 30c.

HII^DRETH & SEGEIvKEN,
265 & 267 Greenwich St., Cor. Murray St.
March 8. New York.

CINCINNATI, OHIO— The honey market con-
tinues to be dull; if anything, the prices on comb
honey are lower, and" concessions are made on
bigger lots. I quote fancy white comb from 12%
to 14c. Sales on extracted are made at the fol-
lowing prices: Amber, in barrels, sJ^ to sj^c; in
cans }ic more. Alfalfa, water white, 6 to 6^c;
strictlj' white clover, for extra fancy, 7}^ to 8c.
Beeswax, 30c.

C. H. W. WEBER,
March 30 Cincinnati, Ohio.

CHICAGO — We have nothing interesting to re-
port relative to market on honey, from what we
stated in our last quotation. Our stock is clean-
ed up pretty well. If producers have any honey
unsold we would advise letting it come forward,
as we are in a good position to take care of it.
We qtiote as follows: — Fancy white, iij^ to i2j^c;
No.i white, 10 to ii'jc; No.i amber, gtoioc;
white extiacted, 6 to 7c; amber, 5 to 6c; beeswax,
32c.

S. T. FISH & CO.,

March 30. 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills

KANSAS CITY, MO.— It is now getting quite
late in the season, and there is still a heavy stock
of honey held in Kansas City. The movement
on both comb and extracted honey is very, very
slow, especially on the latter, and the demand
seems to have dropped off entirely. We quote as
follows: — Fancy white, I2.25 a case; No.i, $2.10;
No.i amber, $2.00; white extracted, 6c.

C. C. CI^EMONS & CO.
March 30 Kan.sas City, Mo.

ALBANY, N. Y — The honey market is dull
and it looks as if some would have to be carried
over the season, .-v large portion of the stock is
candied hard in the comb, from the long, cold
winter. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13
to 14 c; No. I white, 12 to 13 c; fancy amber, 11 to
12 c; No. I amber, 10 to iic; fancy dark, 11 to 12c;
No. I dark, 10 to iic; white extracted, 6 to 6J^c;
amber extracted, 5% to 6c; dark extracted. 5 to
6J^c; beeswax, 28 to 30c.

H. N. Wright,
Wholesale Commission,
April I Albany, n. Y,

THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE

DANZENBAKER'S HIVE.

MORE HONEY. BETTER PRICES.

WE HAVE TOLD YOU SOHE THINGS

-ABOUT rue-

DANZENBAKER HIVE

FOR COMB HONEY.

NOW SEE WHAT OTHERS SAY.

pa pel

Union Bridge. Mo-. Feb 9. 1901
The A I Root Co . Mfdina O

Cenllc
ihat you haveadepsrtmenl called -Reports Enc
ing " I shall send vou my report.

I use the Uanzenbaker hive and will give you report
of the same, as the few dovetailed hives that 1 use do
not compare ai all wiih the Danzenhaker Ooe colony
gave me over one hundred pounds No I white honey
and the rest averaged about sixty, with an increase by
ling of one hundred per

MORE
HONEY.

MORE

HONEY

AND

BETTER

PRICES.

of mine who
apiary succeeded in
pay for the foundat
abotn two miles fro
zenbaker hive ' U

and kinds of hive-

elye

ughl

Long twe the Dan

•t now 2oO colonies of bees, of which 170 a
nzenbakei hives, and shall hav
n baker hives next spring

ng this pa«i poor

nore thiin double the
■olonies that I do from
.Vith a 7-inch lelescopi
wiuiers the bees bettei

I have used both squ;

niv iTt^'
thef.

of hoiiev fTom

those in the old chaf!
r cover, the Danzenbake
than the chaff hives

\ the

. d-scard the 4 '4 se
ind the Danzenbake
Tt ey have

hav

any pn

»fy

? yard to pay for the hi-

ny lr> jears of bee-keeping
Fiftfenofmy slrongrsi Danzenhaker hives made nie
a ton of honey When it comes to sales I gel more
for the 1x5 sections, and have no work in denning
ihem Ishtpthemas I take ihem from the super
This is not the case with the 4y, section I make
ey to sell, and anvihing that sells

vhat I

busi

In Gleanings, p. 931. Dec. 15. 1899

ut ol 111
D. MaTth

. N J , Oct (i 1897

cts each My 4^^ sections ungla
I2J4 to 13 els. retailing Hi ctJ
ns with the 4%. which cost n

BETi^R

PRICES

FOR

OANZY.

HONEY.

My bees gathered no

I for

r hiv.

lb for the ■)

much difTe

The Danzenhaker hives

ber=. are in fine condiiio

trailed hives- I intend I

jfT my dou^^le-walled h

the Danzenhaker hives.

nd Hi4
11 the Danzenbake?
hile I got

ly 1 1 and l-Hcls per

looking after— don't you >
ubied uD, two brood-charo-

iven better than my doui>le-

II is not claimed that so large an :
s meolionrd above can tisnally be c
n Danzenbak'f sections, but beca
orraty fancy grade, and of general bett
he highest p: '

1 dull I

,rket than orfi.i

A REGENT
ORDER.

.'.(K) Danzy ADW.V

(Thij

addit

all other orJe

Mr Danzenhaker's little book. "Facts About Re»s,*'
containing 70 pages, giving full particulars regarding
this hive and sy>.lem. i.s lO' eed f^ull of facts. Jf one
follows the directions clear thr,iugh. he is sure to pro-
duce a stricily 6tst class article of comb honey, p-o-
any hon'y to be h*d.

64-PAGE
BOOK.

for

■ little book will be !

all who apply

Beekeepers are raising honey for the money there
IS ID it, or for the pleasure they get out of il. It is
conceded by all who have tried this system that it is
highly piofitabU Reading over letters from the
u'-ers of this bive who tell of st-cuting larjre crops of
honey almost free from propolis makes us think that
the Dee-keeper who is in the business for pleasure
would be highly gratified with the hive aVso, What is
more satisfying than to Wke off well-61l*d supers of
snow-white sections free from the propolis that is
so often found on sections in cafes thai are poorly
coniitriicted and adapted for the production of a fancy
aiticle'

The great popularity of the Danzenhaker bive has
brought the shallow brood-frame and the tall pl^in
sections into promiutnce. Il must be remembered
that no other hive contains the essential features of
the Danzenhaker- The success of this system depends
on having everything just right, so you should piece

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

BRANCHES: Main OfTice and Works, Medina, Ohio, U. S. A. branches:

Prothero tSr Arnold, Duliois

PENNSYLVANIA

Are handling- Root's Goods in car

loads, at factorj- prices — wholesale and
retail. The best of shipping- facilities.
3-04-41 Please mention the Review.

Mass., at 182 Friend St., is where
F. H. Farmer sells ROOT'S SUPPLIES
Send for free catalogue. Telephone

May, 1904.

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and PubUsher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 196.

Terms — |i.oo a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

F'lint, Michigan, May 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times", 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
limes, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) ($1 00) $1

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) i

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) i

50)

( .50) 1

( I 00) I

( 1.00) I

( -50)

Progressive Bee Keeper

American Bee Keeper

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal

Ohio Farmer....

Farm Journal ( Phila)

Rural New Yorker ( i 00) i

The Century ( 4.00) 4

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1

Prairie Farmer (, i.oo) i

American Agriculturist ( i 00) i

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3

Harper's Magazine ( 4.00) 4.

Harper's Weekly ( 4.00) 4

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2,

Cosmopolitan ( i .00) 1 ,

Success ( I.oo) I

National Bee - Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.

To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
Geo. W. Brodbeck, Los Angeles, Calif.
Secretary.

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasurer.

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn, Ont.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, ,San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y..
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

^^M^\ii^'M^'M':ii\iiM'Si3MM^^MMMUU^ia^

Names of Bee-Keepers

3 TYRE NA/RIT-TEZN M

m y

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at I2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly,
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated.
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46 Ky 182

Ark.... 82 Kans.. 350

Ala ... 80 La 38

Calif... 378 Mo 500

Colo... 228 Minn.. 334

Canada 1200 Mich... 1770

Conn.. 162 Mass... 275

Dak... 25 Md 94

Del.... 18 Maine 270

Fla 100 Miss.. . 70

Ga 90 N. Y.. . 1700

Tnd 744 Neb 345

Ills.... 1375 N. J 130

Iowa.. 800 N. H. .. 158

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 56
Oregon . . 104
Ohio... 130C
Penn.. . . 912

R. 1 46

S. C 40

Tenn.... 176

Tex 270

Utah 68

Vt 200

Va 182

W. Va....i72

Wash 128

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

SE^^^^^^^^^^^;

The Bee-Keepers^

300,000 Acres of Wild Land
for sale, in the fainons Fruit
Belt Region of Michigan, at low
prices and on easy terms.

These lands are especially
adapted to frnit culture, all the
most desirable fruits being cul-
tivated with especial success.

These uncultivated lands also
produce immense quantities of
wild berries, from which large
crops of honey are obtained, at
a good profit to the Bee-Keeper,

Write for particulars and cir-
culars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address: 2-04-71

J. E. n^rritt,
Oen'l. f\%r.

A\icbi^2in l-2^n<i Co.,

i

It

If the

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publishei and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima
tion of the advertiser: and it en,
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

i

I

i

I

Bee -Keepers i Ho pish-Bone

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer A\fg. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

g^^Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

^^^^^^^^^^

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a vety thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of winng
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
J. VHISI DBOSEr*,

Sprout Brook, N. Y u'\

146

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ummmmmm^mmmmMmmmi

We are Jobbers of Bee -Keepers' Supplies in

Michigan

Representing the G. B. Lewis Co., and Dadant and
Son. Wholesale and Retail. Several Carloads con-
stantly on hand. Send for 40-pag-e illustrated catalog-.

C« ®, A.« Qo "WoodsHi^si,

Grand Rapids, Michigan.

K

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $to.oo last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

OLD COMBS

wanted in exchangee for Dovetailed

Beehives and other supplies. Our

g-oods are all of the best and latest
make.

X

Wood-Brush Bee-Hive &
Box Co.

12-03-tf IiAf4SH>10, JWICH

./

maUUUMaaUM^^USiM^'SiMMU^UM^UUUMUaUM^MaUU^IstMM^UUUU^SMMSiM^St

a Kretchmer Mfg. Company

a 3-04-4t

RED OAK, IOWA

Bee - Supplies

We carry a large stock
and great variety of eve-
rything needed in the api-
ary. Best Goods. Lowest
Prices. Prompt Ship-
ments, Send for catalog
and read description of
Alternating Hives and
Ferguson Supers.

Agencies
Kretchmer Mfg. Co.,

Chariton, Iowa
Trester Supply Company,
I^incoln, Nebraska
Sugart & Ouren,

Council Bluffs, Iowa
Falton & Ford,

Garden City, Kans.

ElElElDBBElEIEIEiEIEiEiEIISIElEIBBIPSEIEIISIBiEiEIEIEIiBiPSiEIElEiEiEiBIEIBlBlEIElEIClEIEIEIElElElEIEIElEIQ

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

147

Tlie C

^ Root's Goods Sold in

^ ^ Michigan by M. H.

S HUNT & SON,

^ Send For

N Catalog

Quality — You can produce better-looking honey. ^

Quantity — You can produce more of it. ^

Price — You can get more per pound for it.

Points of Excellence

s

3-o4-4t

Please send k

to my address

" Facts About Bees

The Danz Book of "FACTS ABOUT BEES"
tells all about it, and what successful bee-keep-
ers say in favor of it. We want to send it to you,

Danz Hive Sold in Mich, by

AMress.

Bell Branch, Mich.

JR^ake Youp O^A/^n Hives.

3ee ^ Keepers

Will save money by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04 igt

fl^

I4S

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

THE

0. B. Lewis Go's

Dovetailed hives,
sections, shipping
cases, etc., at less
than the factory's
catalogue prices.
Denver hives and
shipping cases at
still lower figures.
Dadant's founda-
tion. Bee-keepers
west of the Mis-
souri river can save
money by buying
from us. Our 48-
page, illustrated
catalogue, contain-
ing valuable infor-
mation, to be had
free. Write for it
now. We pay the
highest market
price for beeswax.

The Colorado Honey Producers'
Association.

1440 Market St. DENVER, COLO,

A monthly Bee Journal devoted to the
interests of the bee - keepers of the
Northwest, and one that will teach 3rou
how how to make money.

The first issue contains valuable in-
formation for beg"inners, by Harry
Lathrop, A. D. Shepard, M. V. Facy,
and others. Shook Swarming', or how
to control the swarming- impulse, by
W. Z. Hutchinson. Co-operation among-
Bee- Keepers, b}^ Walter R. Ansell.
The Provost Marshall in the South Af-
rican War, by Captain Thomas, who
is a subject of King- Edward. The
Home - Department, by Mrs. Effie
Brown. The report of the Annual,
Wisconsin Bee - Keepers' Comvention.

These are some of the interesting
subjects that will be found in the first
number, which will issue from the
press about April 10th. Advertising
forms close the 20th of the preceding
month.

We are now at work on the May
number, and can assure you that the
second number will be more valuable
and interesting- than the first.

It will be the purpose of The Rural
Bee-Keeper to champion the cause of
the small, County bee-keeper, to show
him how to make money out of bees.
First, it will show him how to produce
the greatest ainount of choice honey in
the shape that will bring the best cash
return with the least expense. Later
it will show him how to cash his crop.

Subscribe now. Begin with the first
issue, and get fifty dollars worth of
good, sound information in one year
for only fifty cents.

River Falls, Wisconsin.

SccKcepcrs

Send for our free catalog. It will tell you how
to put foundation into four sections at once; and
the only way to get a full section of honey. H'e
sell G. B. l,ewis goods at their prices. 5-04-21

CI. (Eoppin, IDenona, 3ll5.

^

J5

a.

ho

CO

DC

a.
<

O

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
W. Z. HDTCHDISON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAY 16, 1904. NO. 5.

>^faFmiiiiSL mn^

ictiis.aEii

Uimceirtalim

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

(a^EEING that I have beg-un to tell
*J how I do my work in producing- ex-
tracted honey, it seems a pity to break
the thread of the story, but the days
of swarming- will soon be here, and, if
I am to help those who are thinking- of
starting out-apiaries, and managing
them on the shook swarming plan, for
comb honey, I must wait no longer.

Let a Michig-an man attempt to man-
ag-e an out-apiary for comb honey, on
the Gill-plan, visiting it once a week,
and about the first thing that he will
realize, as he never did before, is the
uncertainty of Michigan weather. In
Colorado they can depend upon seven
clear days every week, during the
honey flow. How different here!
Right in the height of the season we
are likely to have one, two, or three,
or, perhaps, four days of rain. In
producing extracted honey, these rainy
spells cut no fig-ure; they are simply
blanks; and we defer our visits just the
number of days it has rained, as the
bees have done nothing- and there will
be nothing- for the bee-keeper to do.

How different with comb honey!
When bees once begin building cells,
and making preparations for swarm-
ing, it takes more than a few days
rain to change their minds, as one will
soon learn, when he commences to
work out a non-swarming system.

As I have only one yard that is
worked for comb honey on this plan,
these rainy spells cut no figure. I
visit it the next day after the rain, so
if there is any swarming, caused by
cells having matured during this ten
or eleven days, since my last visit, I
will be there to hive the swarms, and
to shake any colonies that need it.
Now there is established a new date,
and the next trip will be a week from
this last visit.

HOW MANY APIARIES CAN ONE MAN

MANAGE ON THE SHOOK SWARM

PLAN, IF IT RAINS

SOMETIMES?

I presume, after all that has been
written upon this subject, there are
many who are contemplating the

ISO

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

adoption of this system in the future;
and I also presume that three-fourths
of the bee-keepers in the United States
live in a location where these spells of
rainj' weather are likely to come dur-
ing the honey flow; and thej' are won-
dering, with this condition to contend
with, how many yards of bees they
can handle successfully.

In the first place, I do not think it
practicable to work more than one
yard a day; that is, with the condition
of our roads, and the distances we
have to drive between yards. If we
have good weather, one experienced
hand, with an assistant, provided
everything is ready before hand, could,
with one visit a week, manage six
yards. We will suppose we have our
dates all established, and everything
working niceljs and then there comes,
say, three days storm. Now if we add
three stormy days to the six already
past, making nine in all, there will be
three yards needing us the ?iext day
after it stops raining. We are now
everlastingly behind. We cannot

catch up, as we have to work them in
rotation, and there will be two yards
ahead of us that will be swarming,
with the likelihood of more rainy
weather any time — not a very desir-
able predicament to be in I can assure
you.

After working one 3'ard for two years
on this plan, I think I would not want
more than three yards on my hands,
knowing the conditions we have to
contend with, then we could fix our
dates for each alternate day, which
would leave a little latitude. That is,
if we were caught with a spell of bad
weather, we would be able, in a few
days, to catch up with our dates.

We will suppose we have our three
yards located, and everything in shape,
as above, and our dates established to
visit them Mondays, Wednesdays and
Fridays, if it should rain Monday,
Tuesday and Wednesday, we would
visit them Thursday, ^Friday and Sat-

urday, and the next week's visits
would fall back on Tuesdays Thursday
and Saturday. In this way we would
keep our dates on each alternate daj',
with the visits not more than a week
apart, while the only yard that would
have its full week would be the Satur-
daj^'s yard. This would be the best
we could do under the circumstances.

WITH COMPETENT HELP, HALF A

DOZEN APIARIES MAY BE MANAGED

ON THE SHOOK SWARM PLAN.

Lest some one should get the im-
pression from the above that no system
could be worked out whereby more
yards than three could be profitably
worked in this localit}', I might add,
as Dr. Miller would say, that there
would be no law against hiring an ex-
perienced hand, and an assistant, and
running six or eight yards.
WHEN QUEENS SHOULD BE CLIPPED.

Then there is the clip-queen plan;
although with one yard I have never
found it necessary to clip. If I had
several yards, so that there would be
any likelihood of getting behind on
account of bad weather, or other
causes, bj' all means, keep all the
queens clipped; then if we were a few
days late in making our trip, so that
some of them swarmed, we would not
lose anything unless it might be some
queens.

Speaking of loss of queens, reminds
me that bees worked on the Gill-plan,
for comb honey, are not in condition
to raise, and have queens fertilized.
In other words, the system does not
work well, unless we supply laying
queens in case of loss, or in making
increase. The old colony (brood),
after shaking, consumes so much time
developing the cells, that we have what
is known as after-swarming, with no
one present to hive the swarms. The
introduction of laying queens to all
queenless colonies, makes this part of
the systemjperfect.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

151

SHOOK SWARMING NOT FAVORABLE
TO QUEEN REARING.

I mig-ht add, that, with the "new
era" queen rearing^ system, described
in the March Review, there is no need
of any honey producer of the North
buying queens, unless it is breeders,
or very early queens; especially as
queens sent throug-h the mails are not
so good as home-reared ones.

In working for comb honey, I aim
to have supers enough filled with sec-
tions, furnished with full sheets of
foundation, to hold a little more than
an average crop. This is on the same
principle as when working for extract-
ed honey — the idea is to have supers,
or upper stories of combs, to nearly
hold the crop, so we can put our
whole energy to securing the crop
during the honey-tiow. After the
season, we have plenty of time to har-
vest, and handle the crop; although,
of course, the supers of comb honey
are taken off as fast as sealed, and
stacked up in the honey house.

ADVANTAGES OF DIVISIBLE BROOD
CHAMBERS.

Our comb honey hives are of the
Heddon style, only they have ten
frames instead of eight, as in the reg-
ular Heddon. The bodies and supers
are the same, and are the regular,
deep, ten-frame supers, shortened up
to Itys inches long, by 14}4 inches
wide and 5j4 deep, inside, with flat
tins nailed on the bottoms of the ends,
the tins projecting in % of an inch, for
the frames, or pattern slats to rest on.
The brood frames are 16 inches long,
5% deep, outside, and are closed-end
with ly^ spacing. As the body is 5H
inches deep, this leaves the regular
>+ inch bee space at the top. To
make it into a super, we use seven
slats 16x1^ X ;^s inches. These are for
the twenty-eight 4x 5x1^8 inch sections
to rest on. Ten fence separators are
used, which allows two between the

outside row of sections and the side Of
the super.

One section of this hive is of the
same capacity as five Langstroth
frames, so that two sections give the
same breeding room as a ten-frame
Langstroth hive; which is about right
for breeding up good sized swarms for
the season's work, without the disad-
vantage of the large hive later in the
season.

Some of the advantages of the sec-
tional brood-nest over the regular
Langstroth are, first, that as soon as
convenient after setting the bees out
of the pit or cellar, I can go over the
yard and raise up the hives and look
in from the bottom, and from any col-
ony that is occupying only one section
of the hive, the other section may be
taken away, and stored in the honey-
house until needed. As the colonies
become strong, later in the season,
these extra sections are added at the
bottom.

It is known that to tear the Lang-
stroth brood-nest to pieces, and confine
these puny, little colonies upon a few
combs during the spring, with the
idea of helping them to breed up faster,
is quite liable to be a failure; so much
so that many have abandoned it, be-
lieving their colonies come out better
when left to themselves; our mode of
handling weak colonies in the Heddon
hive during Spring is as follows:

In the morning, while it is cool,
without removing the cover, and with-
smoke or any disturbance, I lift off
the top section, which contains most of
the bees, brood and honey, while an
assistant takes the lower section out
of the way. Then the little colony is
replaced on the bottom-board, with so
little disturbance that it seems to do
first rate. With this management I
think they breed up faster than if left
with both sections. Then, later in
the season, some are likely to get
strong before the honey season opens,
and, for fear they will feel crowded,

■i£2

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

and, perhaps, get the swarming- fever
before it is time to put on sections, a
third section is added under them.
While they will not be likely to breed
in this last section, it seems to have
the desired effect. This is really the
Simmins system of preventing swarm-
ing.

Then, some practice contraction of
the old colony at the commencement of
the season. With the Langstroth
frame, the five combs containing the
most brood are selected, and a division
board placed on each side. The idea
is to force or crowd the bees into the
sections by using a brood-nest too
small to hold all the bees. With the
sectional hive how much more easily
is this accomplished. All we have to
do is decide on the section which has
the most brood, set the others on top,
smoke out all the bees, set this section
of beeless brood on some weak swarm,
or where we can use it to the best ad-
vantage, and, presto, we have it. And
the nice part of it is, it is still the full
width hive; no sections hanging over
the edge (over division boards) in the
cold.

Supposing you do not practice this
contraction plan on the old colonies,
this hive still has a great advantage
over the single story. For instance, it
is natural for bees to store their honey
along the top of the hive, between the
brood and the top-bar. It is also
known that the bees are loth to pass
over this sealed honey, and work in
the sections; well, at any time of the
3'ear, when this condition should arise,
with the sectional hive all we have to
do is to transpose the two sections of
the brood-nest, or, in other words, set
the lower one on top. This brings the
brood right up next to the sections,
just where we want it, and with very
little work.

Thus far, you will notice, I have
handled hives only; not a frame expos-
ed to robbers; the slow, tedious frame-
handling system, has been avoided; in
other words, we handle the capacity
of five Langstroth frames at each man-
ipulation. Later I will tell how to go
clear through the season, and raise
comb honey on the Gill-plan, without
handling a single brood-frame.

Remus, Mich., March 22, 1904.

)iroooy

Willi Formaldlelii^^

BY E. W. ALEXANDER.

njHERE seems to be quite a difter-
-L ence of opinion regarding the value
formalin as a cure for black brood,
but I should judge that most of the
the failures are the result of not being
half thorough enough in using it.
Having had considerable experience
with black brood during the past five
or six years, losing, as I have, several
hundred colonies, after trying every-
thing I could think of, or hear of, I feel

that through the columns of the Re-
view I may give its readers a little
good advice oil this subject.

FUMIGATING TANK MUST BP: PRACTI-
CALLY AIR-TIGHT.

First, don't fool away any time in
half-way fumigating. I tried putting
three or four hives of combs on top of
one another, and fumigating \n that
way, after closing all cracks as tight-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

153

ly as possible. This did not amount
to anything'; I might just as well have
set my fumig'ator on the ground, and
hung- the combs on the limbs of an
apple tree. The combs must be in
something aii -tight, or as nearly so as
possible. I finally used one of my
larg"e honey tanks, such as I use to
keep my extracted honey in before I
put it into barrels. These tanks are
lined with the heaviest kind of tin, and
hold over 4,000 pounds of honey. I
made a cover of matched lumber, and
three sheets of tarred building paper,
putting' them tog-ether with paint.
This was clamped down to the top of
the tank by means of heavy rods,
reaching down through timbers under
the bottom of the tank. Racks were
make to fit the inside of the tank, on
which I could hang the combs of about
35 hives, and not have the combs touch
one another. I made a ^ inch hole
in each end of the cover; one in which
to insert the rubber hose which convey-
ed the gas into the tank, the other to
let the air escape as the gas entered.
Into my gas generator I then put two
quarts of the best formalin that I
could buy, setting it upon an oil stove,
and lighting the wicks. After it had
boiled about half an hour the gas
commenced to escape from the hole in
the other end of the cover, and I then
plugged up that hole and kept the
lamps burning about five hours, or
until all the formalin in the generator
had been turned into gas. I then left
it shut up air-tight until the next day,
when I put in another quart and turn-
ed that into gas. I then left it four or
five days, after which I opened the
tank, but I had to leave it open a daj'
or two before I could take the combs
out, as the gas was so very strong.
In this way I have during the past
summer, fumigated over a thousand of
the worst combs that I could find in
an apiary of nearly a thousand col-
onies; and, although some of them con-
tained a little capped honey and brood,

I have since seen no trace of the dis-
ease after putting bees on them.

IMPORTANCE OF ITALIAN BEES AND
YOUNG QUEENS.

Yes, my friends, I think formalin is
all right; but there must be no child's
play in using it.

There is another way which gives
good results in handling this disease,
and that is, as soon as you find a
colony affected, remove the queen; then,
in nine days, destroy all queen cells
and give a choice virgin just hatched.
I have done this with about 100 colon-
ies, and, for two summers after, have
not been able to find a trace of the dis-
ease in colonies so requeened. When
the bees have a young queen about
readj' to begin laying, thej' will clean
their combs up better than they will at
any other time.

This treatment, remember, all
through, is for the best strains of
Italian bees. I would not bother with
any other in trying to fight a disease
like Black Brood.

DESTROY ALL COMBS CONTAINING
FOUL BROOD.

As for foul brood, if I had an
apiary affected with it, I would melt
up every comb I could find that con-
tained one cell of the disease. I never
knew the bees to remove a dead larva
from a cell of foul brood. It has been so
bad in my apiary, before we had comb
foundation, that I could hardly find a
cell, in the breeding part of the hive,
that did not have a dead larva in it.
No, don't waste your time in trying to
save combs that contain the spores and
germs of foul brood. You will cer-
tainly regret it if you do. I doubt if
there ever was a comb of foul brood
disinfected so that it would be safe to
put into a healthy colony. About 38
years ago I had a long siege with
foul brood. At that time it was quite
prevalent in this part of the state, but
have not seen a cell of it in over 30
years. It is as much worse than

154

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

black brood as smallpox is worse than
measles; and I don't care who says to
the contrary.

THE GREAT NEED OF THOROUGHNESS,
PERSEVERANCE AND SPECIALTY.

I am sorry that such a large per
cent, of the people who keep bees do
not realize the necessity of being-
thorough in everything connected with
the business. Far too many of them
are looking for "some other business
to go with it," not knowing that hardlj'
one man in a thousand is sinart
enough to be cut in two, and two men
made of him. I have always known
that / never was; therefore, I have
given bees iny whole attention, as a
business, for nearly 50 years I The
chances to succeed in bee-keeping
are, I think, better now than I have
ever known them to be before; but.

like all other lines of business, you
must be thorough in all the details.
The time is past when the lazy, care-
less, shiftless man can compete with
the man who puts lots of hard work,
energy' and perseverance into his busi-
ness.

In conclusion I will say, either at-
tend to your bees as they should be,
or else sell theiu to some one who will,
and then turn your attention to some-
thing else.

Delanson, N. Y., Dec. 7., 1903.

[There is one thought, or expression,
in the foregoing article worthy of
being printed in gold, and that is,
"Not one man in a thousand is smart
enough to be cut in two, and two men
made of him. " Don't forget this when
tempted to be or do half a dozen
things. — Ed. Review.]

?e°He©p©ir^

BY IRVING KINYON.

T AST December I asked my readers
-B to tell me of their bee-keeping ex-
periences, how they started in bee-
keeping, what had helped them most,
etc. Some of these letters were very
interesting; for instance, there was
such a delightful freshness about the
following, such a lack of conventional-
ity, such candor, the beginning of a
bee-keeping life told with such grapli-
icness, that I begged the writer to
allow my readers to enjoy it with me.
Besides all this, it contains hints well-
worth heeding. Here is the letter:

Friend Hutchinson: — The December
Review is here and I am going to write
you that letter you ask for. Your
telling about trying to get frames out
of hives that were glued in as if to

to stajs so 3'ou sometimes wished j'ou
had a crow-bar or a stump-puller,
produced such a feeling of fellowship
I was tempted to write you then, but
I am a poor hand to write. I see
something in the Review, quite often,
that I would like to talk with you
about and I think this matter of hav-
ing frames so the3' ma^' be picked out
with no trouble is a very important
point, as I will trj' to show farther
along. But, as you ask how I came
to keep bees, I will go back to the be-
ginning.

The first I ever heard of an}' one
"keeping bees for a living," was in
the fall of 1887, when we were told
that a "bee man" was going to teach
our school. This set us all talking

tU1& BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

155

about bees and honey, and the wise
old men told us how "the bees carried
honey on their legs." I had always
had a notion I should like some bees,
but I had been severelj' stung- b}' horn-
ets when small, and was afraid of
anything- that would sting. Well, the
teacher, who is now Dr. C. L. Parker,
of Syracuse, N. Y., wanted me to
work for him the next summer. I told
him I was afraid of the bees; and, to
quiet my fear he said that after I had
been stung a few times it wouldn't
swell. As it was the hurting part,
and not the swelling part, that I was
thinking of, I thought he meant it
wouldn't /tiiii. The firm was Ross
cSe; Parker, and they had 400 colonies
in three yards. Mr. Ross didnt
work any with the bees; and it was a
great mystery to me, and to every one
else in that school district, to know
what Mr. Parker wanted to hire any
one for. We supposed there was no
zvork with the bees, except to /i ive them.
I shall never forget the morning in
April, when I went into the bee-house
for the first time. My! The smell of
the honey and wax was grand.

Mr. Parker set me to nailing up
sections, and said that there were
16,000 of them to nail, so I began to
see there was something to do besides
hiving swarms.

That afternoon I looked through
the window and saw Mr. Parker
wearing a veil with half a dozen holes
in it, and shaking robber bees ofi'
the combs where colonies had died. I
couldn't understand why he didn't
run, as there were millions of them
around him; but, as he didn't get hurt,
I took courage.

Mr. Parker took the American Bee
Journal, and gave me a copy to read.
Well, it was all about "Queen-cells,"
"Drone-traps," and other things of
which I had never heard. I tried to
study it out but it was pretty dry
work. The next week was the same;
but, after that I worked out in the
yard, and then things became inter-

esting—so interesting that when, in
July, I saw an jidvertisment of the
Review, I subscribed for it and have
every number that has been issued.
In the fall I subscribed for Gleanings,
and borrowed several bee books.

I worked two summers for Ross &
Parker; and then, thinking I could
learn more by seeing how other bee-
keepers managed, I worked, for sev-
eral seasons, for different bee-keepers;
always trying to get with the most ex-
perienced man possible.

IMPORTANCE OF SPECIALTY AND OF
HAVING THINGS HANDY.

I think any man going into the bee
business should make it his only
business, and learn all he possibly
can about it. The majority of bee-
keepers try farming, or something
else, with the result that the bees are
neglected. When I worked for P. H.
Elwood, he and I, and another man,
took care of over 1,050 colonies, run
for comb honey, and located in ten
difi^erent yards.

[Right here, friend Kinyon, let me
suggest, there is material for an ex-
cellent article. Please tell us exactly
how you and Mr. Elwood and the
other man, handled 10 apiaries man-
aged for comb honey — it would be in-
teresting and instructive. — Editor.]

Right here is a point I wish to
bring out: Mr. Elwood's hives, su-
pers, bee-wagons, and everything, were
made handy, and it took less help to
take, care of the 1,050 colonies than it
did for 400 for another man that I once
worked for. What we want is a hive
that will allow us to get the bees in
the best condition for storing honey,
and, at the same time, be easy to
handle. You know they say of Ver-
non Burt, of Mallet Creek, O., "he al-
ways has honey," and he has nearly
all his bees is two-story, old-fashioned,
Root, chaff-hives. That has been m^'
experience from observation, in
about 15 yards. The colonies in these
hives always get more honey than those
in other hives in the same yard. Now, I

156

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

don't think hives will gather honey,
but conditions will cause the bees to
store surplus honey if it is to be had.
But here is the trouble, this Root,
chaff-hive is so unhandy to handle
that it is out of the question.

I have never had a very good chance
to build an up an apiary, as I have
had no place to keep them, and was
away to work in the summer when
they needed most attention. Three
years ago I bought a small place
three miles from F. A. Salisbury's
and one mile from the street-car line.
I work for Mr. Salisbury, in the sup-
ply business, in Syracuse, N. Y.,
four daj^s a week, so I am building up
from one colony, bought three years
ago. I now have 27. I got 750 pounds
of comb honey from 16 colonies. I
took the queens away to prevent
swarming, and I like the plan. I
made my increase by building up
nuclei. To make a success of this
the queen should be taken out of the
hive. Some cage the queen and leave
her in the super, but the bees will
swarm some in that case as soon as
they have queen cells sealed. I want
to increase the 27 to 45 this summer.

I ,wish to mention something which
I have found handy. If you have an
old Bingham knife that you don't use,
cut off the handle, and bend a piece of
sheet iron, or galvanized iron, around
a }i inch rod, and then rivet it on one
edge of the knife, and you will have
the nicest thing going for scraping
hives, supers, bottom-boards or any-
thing else.

I think I have been helped most by
reading the bee-papers. Like j'our-
self, I prefer the four-piece sections,
and, I glass my honey.

QUERIES REGARDING NORTHERN
MICHIGAN.

Your description of Northern Mich-
igan just makes me wish I could go
up there to keep bees. Plenty of
bee pasturage, and a new country. I
would just enjoy being in such a

place. Of course, I suppose, it has
some disadvantages or it would be all
taken up before this. Are the roads
very bad up there? Isn't it quite a
place for malaria, and fever? I
should think a bee-keeper could em-
ploy his spare time in the winter
trapping, and, if he were like myself,
he would enjoy it. I should like to
go up there, with a partner, in the
fall, fix up a camp, and make a busi-
ness of trapping. Do you think it
would pay? A year ago this summer
I went to the Adirondack woods for
two weeks, and I think such a trip
does one more good than a barrel of
medicine. We were in 12 miles from
the nearest house. One fellow said
it was so still you could hear a fly's
wing drop. There were four of us
and we had everything we wanted to
eat, and it cost us only $9.85 each, in-
cluding our R. R. fare from Utica.

SOME CRITICISMS ON THE MAGAZINE
"SUCCESS."

Now you ask for criticisms, if we
have any. Well, I have onlj' one.
This may hit in a sore spot, and may
be you will not feel the same toward
me if I tell you, but you ask for hon-
est opinions so here it comes: It is
your indorsement of that paper called
"Success." This paper holds up the
idea that anybody can be the presi-
dent of a R. R. or something similar,
if he will do as someone else has done.
If you will look closely you will see
that that those so-called successful
men have gone up in proportion as
they were willing to push others
down. I once had occasion to wait
an hour in a business man's office,
and he gave me something to read — a
copy of Success. He remarked as he
handed it to me, "This means get
the best of the other fellow. " I think
he couldn't have expressed it better.
No one likes to see people succeed
better than I do, but I like to see them
succeed by their own labor, and not
by crushing others. You have made

THE bp:e-keepers' review

157

a success of the Review, and I hope
j'ou and I will enjo_v the relation of
editor and subscriber another 15 years,
or long"er.

Camillus, N. Y., Dec. 19, 1903.

[The roads in Northern Michig-an
are excellent. The soil is a sandy
loam, and the country rollings, even
hilly in some parts. I have been
there in the spring, in the middle of
the summer and late in the fall, and
the roads were always good. As to
malaria, I can't sajs except that I
never heard of any when there. I
presume that trapping would be good
in some parts of Northern Michigan,
but exactl}' where, I cannot say.
Perhaps some of my subscribers can
answer this question, and some of the
others, better than I can.

No, I don't feel the same toward
Bro. Kinyon since he opposes my
opinion of the magazine, "Success" — I
think all the'»iore of him. If there is
one thing more than another that I
have tried to do since starting the Re-
view, it is that of encouraging my read-
ers to express themselves freely, re-
gardless of whether or not their views

agree with mine. I wish for the utmost
freedom of speech, combined with
kindness and toleration, even though
there may be a diiference of views. In
regard to "Success" I would say that
I have read most of the numbers since
it has been published, and I must say
that I have never been able to discover
any disposition to encourage success
by the crushing of others. The world
is wide, and the need for men of abil-
ity is so great that there is room for
all. What many men need is to have
their abilities pointed out to them, and
to be encouraged to develop them, and
it is this "Success" tries to do, as I
understand its teachings. The suc-
cesses that are encouraged by "Suc-
cess," as it appears to me, are such
successes as the one tnade by the Re-
view. I doubt if any other bee journal
has been injured, much less crushed,
by the success of the Review. I may
go further and say that I fear I have
sometimes helped and encouraged
some brother in the starting of a bee
journal, when it would have been a
kindness if I had persuaded him not
to have made the venture. — Ed. Re-
view.]

L®catioiii and

'tirenigtli ®f Col®inii(

BY H. G. MOREHOUSE.

T MUST say a word or two more in
^ regard to overstocking. I believe Mr.
Alexander's article on that subject is
one of the most valuable }-ou have ever
published in the Review. It has caus-
ed iiie to think, and it will cause others
to think, along ?ieii> lines, and much
good, in the aggregate, will result.
Such articles (unorthodox) cause a
health}' shaking up of the "dry bones,"

and the very skepticism that they in-
duce will often cause some adventurous
spirit to make some new and valuable
discovery.

LOCATION.S VAKV GKKATLY, EVEN
WHEN NEAR EACH OTHER.

I note what Mr. Lathrop saj's in the
last Review, yet he does not prove that
his home-field is overstocked. He
quotes no figures showing that his av-

158

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

erage yields have been less since more
colonies have come into the field. The
fact that an out-yard of 35 colonies,
having a field all to itself, gave a much
larger yield than the home yard, proves
nothmg. There is often times a great
difference in the yield of nectar in dif-
ferent localities that are apparently
equally good. I will give you a few
illustrations: Last season the second
crop of alfalfa in the vicinity of Boul-
der bloomed profusely, but yielded no
appreciable amount of honey. At
Bloomfield, fifteen miles distant, the
3'ield from that source was the main
crop. The same conditions were in
evidence in other localities of the state.

POPULOUS COLONIES NEARLY ALWAYS
GIVE SATISFACTORY RETURNS.

Some of my apiaries have the field
wholly to themselves, w^hile others
overlap on all sides, and I have only
noticed this, so far as the comparative
yields of honey are concerned: The big,
strong colonies (those that attain that
condition just prior to the commence-

ment of the flow) in all of m}' yards
always give uniformly, satisfactory
returns, and the average yield of each
apiary, in a general way, is propor-
tionate to the average strength of the
colo>iies.

I believe that overstocking is pos-
sible— there must somewhere be a
limit — but how many bee-keepers in
the United States have really tested,
in a scientific manner, the nectar pro-
ducing capacitj' of their fields? I ven-
ture to say the number is very few. I
will give you a genuine instance of
overstocking Some three or four years
ago there were kept within a radius of
one and one-half miles of Longmont,
Colorado, about 1,500 colonies of bees.
The yield dwindled to less than half
that secured at the yards four or five
miles away. More than half of these
colonies have been moved to other lo-
cations, and the surplus 3'ield in that
vicinity now compares very favorably
with the general average. But this
was an extreme case.

Boulder, Colo., April 20, 1904.

- ■ -°A °

DiKDirn

W. L. COGSHALL thinks the square,
plain joint is better and more durable
than the dovetailed or mitered joint.

Mrs. W. N. Berthe, of Winona,
Minnesota, has been appointed general
superintendent of the apiarian exhibit
at the St. Louis World's Fair.

Ontario, Canada, according to the
government statistics, had, last year,
207,936 colonies of bees; an increase
over the previous year of 5,400 ool on ies.

Stop Feeding the fire under the
locomotive boiler, and soon the train

runs slower and slower — finally it
stops. What fire is to the locomotive,
advertising is to business.

Dates for holding the National con-
vention at St. Louis have been set at
September 27, 28 and 29. It is propo-
sed that the lastda3' be an Internation-
al conventon.

W. L. CoGSHALL owns manj' apia-
ries, and with four exceptions, so he
writes the American Bee-Keeper, each
apiary represents some one who be-
came discouraged with bee-keeping,
and Mr, Cogshall bought him out.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

159

This Issue of the Review goes to
hundreds of bee-keepers who are not
subscribers. Will such please read
Images 174, 175 and 176?

The Strength of a man is meas-
ured by his courag-e, and the man who
knows no fear is the hero that the
whole world admires and exalts.
Fortune smiles on the courageous man,
and it almost seems as though even
adversity fears the man who has no
fear of her. — Mjs. liffie Brown in
Rural Bee- Keeper.

H.A.KKV Lathrop, Bridgeport, Wis-
consin, offers to send liis book of
poems "on trial," so to speak. If j'ou
wish to see it before buying, write to
him, and he will send you a copy. If
you decide to keep it you can send him
half a dollar — if not, you can return
it and he will refund the amount you
have to pay as postage.

Cuba has had a light crop of honey
this year, yet Harry Howe writes that
he has extracted about 35,000 pounds
of honey and made 400 pounds of wax,
without paying anything for help,
from 500 colonies. This would seem
pretty good for any or us here in the
United States, but we must remember
that prices for honey in Cuba are
very low.

A Trip through Wisconsin, visiting
supply dealers, is a pleasure recently
enjoyed by the editor of the Review.
Every dealer reports an unusually
heavy trade, which is something of a
puzzle, considering the heavy winter
losses. Is it possible that the oft re-
peated admonition, "buy your supplies
early," made more forcible by costly
experience, is at last being heeded?

A Few Subscribers have stopped
their paper this spring, and given as
a reason that the}' have lost so many
bees last winter that they must re-

tranch. This is decidedly a short-
sighted policy. If a man has met with
losses, and the odds are against him,
so to speak, then is the time of all
others he ought to avail himself of every
possible help; and there is certainly no
greater help for a bee-keeper than that
to be found in the pages of a good bee
journal.

• ^i^^^B-^XiM*

Fricton Top Cans and pails seem,
at present, to be the most promising
package for retailing extracted honey.
They are cheap and never leak. If
you don't know what they are like,
step into any grocery store and look
at the cans and pails in which syrups
are sold. Members of the National
Association can get the packages at a
discount through their General Man-
ager. If interested, write to N. E.
P>ance, Platteville, Wisconsin, for
prices.

»»' •f'm^^F^r'

The Names and addresses of the
subscribers are printed this month in-
stead of being written upon the wrap-
pers— an improvement to which I have
long looked forward. While great
care has been taken to keep out errors,
it is possible that a few have crept in,
and if any man finds his name or ad-
dress incorrectly spelled, or the date
at which his paper will expire marked
with a wrong figure, I will esteem it a
favor to re^sive a pastal bearing the
proper correction.

^»»»»^fc»^F^»

The Rural Bee Keeper is the lat-
est candidate for honors in the field of
apic ultural journalism. It is a 16-page
monthly' (with a cover) at 50 cents a
year, published by W. H. Putnam, at
River Falls, Wisconsin. It is to
champion the cause of the small,
country bee-keeper, showing him how
to make money out of his bees. The
first issue is excellent for a beginning,
and Bro. Putnam is to be congratulat-
ed upon having secured a good printer.
Tiie day has passed when a slovenly
printed magazine can succeed.

160

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Prices for honey are likely to be
be pretty well up this coming- season.
Cuba has not had much of a crop, the
South is not starting- out well, Cali-
fornia has not had the needed rain,
and through the Northern States at
least one-third of the bees are dead.
Any one having extracted honey on
hand can do no better than to hold it,
unless offered an unusually good
price. I know of some who, with an
eye on the future, are now buying ex-
tracted honey and storing it.

Extracted Honey production has
one advantage that is quite important,
and of which very little has been said,
and that is that it may be carried over
from one year to another, if a large
crop lowers prices, while comb honey
must be sold the same year it is pro-
duced. Of course, it is possible to
keep over comb honey, but the expense of
furnishing proper storage and keeping
it warm so that it will not candy,
greatly lessens the profit. Besides
comb honey kept over, even under the
most favorable conditions, never has
the delicious freshness of new honey.

Factories for making bee hives and
other supplies are starting up in sev-
eral places, and there are still others
"in the air." This is one of the re-
sults of high prices; and thus do these
things reach their level. I would sug-
g-est to the brothers who have in con-
templation the starting of hive-fac-
tories, that present high prices may
not be maintained. Instead of choos-
ing and remaining in the business for
which Nature and their surroundings
have best fitted them, too man^^ are
inclined to change about, adopting a
business when its products sell at a
high price, and dropping it if prices
go down; forgetting that competition
always lowers prices, and that low
prices eventually drive out of the busi-
ness those least fitted for it, when
prices again go up.

BoARDMAN's HoNEY that did not
candy Aa.y candied at last; that is, the
sample sent Mr. E. R. Root has
candied, but that whicla Mr. Boardman
kept at liome has not candied, wliich
is something of a puzzle. Mr. Board -
man wonders if Mr. Root has not
made a mistake in the sample, or tliat
some one has been meddling, but Mr.
Root is positive there has been no
mistake.

«««««»^^rf»i'«.

Rendering Wax in a small way
does not call for any elaborate ap-
pliances. Put the old combs into a
gunny sack, tie the mouth securely,
put the sack into an ordinary wash-
boiler, set it on a stove, fill it two-
thirds full of water, and then, while
it is boiling, take a common garden
hoe, and push, and punch and turn
the sack of combs about. By throwing
a good share of the weight of the body
upon the hoe, quite a lot of pressure
can be brought to bear while the
combs are hot and under water. Fin-
ally set off the boiler, and lay some
stones or bricks upon the sack to keep
it down in the bottom of the boiler.
Nearly all of the wax will rise to the
top and form in a cake. While this
method may not secure quite so much
wax as ma\' be obtained with a Ger-
man wax press, it answers very well
for the man who keeps bees in a small
way. The boiler can be easily clean-
ed with gasoline.

*-pm^*^^^*«j(«

In the early years of the Review I
remember how, once upon a time, my
compositor and myself marshalled all
of the advertising pages of type into a
row upon one corner of the "imposing
stone," and how we patted each other
on the back as we walked around the
stone and congratulated ourselves
upon the "spread" of advertising that
had been secured by the Review.
There were _five pages! Little did I
dream at that time that it would ever

THE BRE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

161

be necessary, for months in succession,
as it is at present, to add eig'ht extra
pages in order to accomodate the ad-
vertising. At present the Review con-
tains one and a half times as many
pages of advertising as went to make
UJ1 the whole Revie^v in tliose earl)'
days. One advertiser using a whole
page, or even half a page, was un-
heard of in those daj's. One-fourth
page was considered an unusual
amount of space for one man to use.
I think this increase in the amount of
advertising is fairly indicative of the
growth of the bee business.

• ^^^^^■■■^mr*

Thk Rocky Mountain Bee Journal
has been sold to the owner of the Pa-
cific States Bee Journal, and from the
ashes of these two journals, figurative-
ly speaking, is to arise a new journ-
al with a new name. Bro. Morehouse
made the best bee journal that has
ever been published west of the Miss-
issippi, and it is with genuine regret
that I see him laj' aside the pen for
the honey knife. However, the man
who manages 700 colonies of bees has
but little time or energy to bestow
upon a bee journal, and this last step
taken by Bro. Morehouse is only an-
other example of the wisdom for
which I have always given him credit.
Bro. Adelsbach now has a pretty good
foundation to build upon, and if he
can keep the new journal up to the
standard of the one he has recently
purchased, there is a fair chance for
success.

•%'lt^ iW^F^^^^

Gus. Dittmer's home is where I
have recently had the pleasure of mak-
ing a visit. He very quickly recover-
ed from the set-back caused by the
tire; and I found him and several
hands as busy as bees. He has had
several machines running for several
weeks, and his factory now has a ca-
pacity of 1,000 pounds a day. If any-
body is hesitating about sending him
orders, fearing they can not be filled

promptly, there need be no more hesi-
tancy, as he is now ahead of orders.

While the burning of his factory was
a great loss to Mr. Dittmer, it showed
him his great wealth of friends. From
all parts of the covuitry came letters,
containing not only words of sympathy
and encouragement but offers of finan-
cial assistance, while his towns-people
vied with one another in offering him
the use of money if he needed it. Such
is the worth of honor and integrity.

«»»»«^^rf»*^rf«

That Queens mate only once before
beginning to lay, has been almost
universally believed, bvit, according
to reports in Gleanings from Mr.
Frank Benton, and from Mr. J. G.
Baier, of New Brunswick, N. J., such
is not always the case. The latter
named gentleman saw a queen take
three flights from an observation hive;
each time returning with evidence of
having mated, the evidence of each pre-
vious mating having been removed in
the meantime — twice by himself and
once by the bees.

I suppose it is rank heresy, but I am
going to ask, isn't it possible that old
queens may sometimes mate again?
What makes me ask this is that when
I have mailed to a customer a queen
that I knew produced three-banded
bees, he has reported later that she
produced hybrids. This has happened
several times during my experience as
a queen breeder. You might say that
the man was mistaken about its being
the same queen. When it is introduc-
ed to a colony of blacks, it is easy to
be positive.

•t.^^n^^'jms

Inspector of Apiaries for Wis-
consin, Mr. N. E. France, has begun
ii new method of meeting and becoming
acquainted with the bee-keepers,
learning where there is foul brood,
advising the owners, etc. First he
lays out a route over which he can
travel, holding a meeting at a different
town each day. Printed postal c^irds

162

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

are then sent out to bee-keepers all
along- the route, telling- when and
where the meeting-s are to be held.
Some prominent bee-keeper at each
place of meeting- is also furnished with
the cards to send out. Perhaps I can
do no better than to reproduce the card.
Here it is:

DO YOU KEEP BEES?

If you have onlj' one or more col-
onies it will pay you to come to

on at sharp. The State

Inspector of Bees will be at your Post
Office to explain to you many things
of value in handling- bees, buv'ing of
supplies cheaper, and selling- honej'
at better prices. If you have an}^ bees
not doing well, bring a piece of the
brood comb to the meeting. Perhaps
I can help you. This convention is
FREE, and you can't afford to miss
it. Don't forget the date.

N. E. France,
State Inspector of Bees.
;^i9"Please publish the above in your
local paper.

I have been with Mr. France at two
of these meetings and I am satisfied
that much good will come from these
gatherings. He can thus meet and be-
come acquainted with more bee-keep-
ers in one week than by weeks of
travel and meeting one man at a time.
At some of these gatherings local
associations are formed that unite in a
body with the National Association.

The G. B. Lewis Company, of
Watertown, Wisconsin, has added
another story to its factor}'. In order
to do this the roof was slowly raised
with jack-screws and then side-walls
built. The whole job occupied a
month's time, but the work of manu-
facturing goods was not suspended
during this time. Another improve-
ment at the factory is the building of
a slanting chute, a la toboggan slide,
from the top story down to a platform
built just outside the factory. At the
lower story the chute turns upward,
and it is lined with metal, the whole
length, upon its lower side. Instead
of taking goods down on the elevator

when ready for shipment, they are
shot down the chute, the upward curve
at the bottom causing them to slow up
so that they simply pop out on the
platform, outside, and stop. Some of
the boys have even dared to "shoot the
chute" sitting on a board. There are
openings at each story which allow
goods to be placed in the chute.

Notwithstanding the winter losses of
bees in some parts of the countr}', the
G. B. Lewis Co. report a larger trade
than ever this spring.

PREVENTING STARVED AND CHILLED

BROOD WHEN MAKING

"shook" SWARMS.

If the bees are shaken or brushed off
pretty close when making "shook"
swarms, some of the brood is quite
likely to perish either from cold or
starvation. Last summer, when visit-
ing Mr. E. D. Townsend, of Remus,
Michigan, he showed me quite a lot of
brood that had died in this manner.
He told me that in order to make a
sure thing of it, to be certain that
there would be no after-swarming, it
was necessary to shake the combs
pretty clean — that it was better to lose
some of the brood than to lose a swarm
of bees by leaving too many bees. In
this connection I wish to say that Mr.
J. C. Wheeler, of South Oak Park,
Illinois, has a plan that prevents all
loss from chilled or starved brood, yet
allows the bees to be brushed oflf very
clean. The new hive, into which the
bees are shaken, is set a little to one
side of the old stand, and the combs
of brood put into a hive and set upon
the old stand. The flying bees return
to the old stand and care for the brood.
At night the hive containing the combs
of brood and the flj'ing bees that have
entered it, is picked up and carried to
a new stand, and the "shook" swarm
placed upon the old stand. Of course,
the old bees that are carried to the
new stand gradually come back to the
old stand and join the "shook" swarm,

THP: BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

163

but it is from one to two days before
they all g'et back, and, in the mean-
time, bees are hatching out, and, by
the time the old bees have all returned,
there are sufficient young bees hatched
to protect and feed the brood. Thus,
one by one, are the obstacles over-
come.

• »rf^«nirm i'^\

WHEN TO SPKND MONEY ON BEES.

The advice is sometimes seen in the
bee journals, not to spend anj' more
monej' on the bees they bring in — that
is, after having made a fair start. As
a general rule this is good advice.
That is, if a man keeps on spending
money recklessly, and with poor
judgment, he will certainly lose it,
but there might be instances when it
is advisable to spend or invest more
money in bee-keeping than it had
brought in. Suppose, for instance,
that a man has been gradually build-
ing up an apiary. It has cost him
quite a little, perhaps more than it
has brought in, and then a poor sea-
son finds the colonies short of stores in
the fall. It would be folly to allow
the bees to starve because the buying
of sugar would necessitate the "spend-
ing of more monej"^ than the bees had
brought in." If some of the bees
could be sold to buy feed for the others,
well and good, but suppose they can't?

As I look at it, the profitable spend-
ing of monej' in bee-keeping, or any
other business, for that matter, is
entirely a matter of good judgment.
The witholding of money "because
the bees have not earned it," may be
an exceedingly foolish move.

I may add this: Before venturing
largely in any business, a man should
have had considerable experience in
that business.

STARTING AND PUBLISHING BEE
JOURNALS.

On an average, each year witnesses
the birth of a new bee journal; and, it

might be added, the death of a journal.
Of counse, all journals can not be
equally valuable, but unless a new
journ al possesses some point of superior-
ity, there is little hope for its success.
Bee-keepers are slow in adding to their
list a journal no better in some
respect, than the ones they are al-
ready reading. If the main object of
starting a bee journal is to put money
in the bank, disapointment will come
as surely as night follows day. A
man may hope to make a living publish-
ing a bee journal, but if he wishes to
measure his success in dollars and
cents, he may choose from many other
fields more fruitful in that direction.
The making of money in a legitimate
manner is honorable, but an editor,
like a teacher, a physician, or a clergy-
man, must have another and a higher
object — that of doing good. I could
drop the Review, go to Northern Mich-
igan, start a series of out-apiaries,
and make more money than I am now
making, but feel that I will accomplish
more good by using the Review as an
instrument for helping to build up bee-
keeping into a safe and profitable busi-
ness— changing it from the slip-shod
hap-hazard, subsidary pursuit that it
has been, to the dignity of a profession.
I wish to see bee-keepers lay aside
other hampering pursuits, seek the
best possible locations, adopt methods
that will enable them to branch out
and keep hundreds of colonies, and
thus be able to wear good clothes and
hold up their heads with the rest of
the world.

KEEPING MORE BEES.

For several years I have been advo-
cating the keeping of more bees. I
never expected such advice would meet
with opposition, but it has, although
upon grounds that to me seem unten-
able, viz., that the keeping of so many
bees will use up so much honey in
furnishing food for the bees, as to

164

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

greatly lessen the amount of surplus
for the bee-keeper; and, on "the other
hand, if more surplus is secured, it
will lower the price of honey. It was
only a short time ag^o that I showed
the fallacy of the latter arg-ument, but
nothing- has been said lately regarding
the former, that of each colony con-
suming- from 100 to 200 pounds of honey
each 3^ear, and, as it comes from Bro.
G. M. Doolittle, with whom I so seldom
have occasion to arg-ue, I must make
the most of it.

In brief, it is really a question of
overstocking-. Of course, it requires
honey to rear bees, and, after they are
reared they must eat, but, so long- as
each colony can g-o out and gather this
honey, we don't care a fig whether the
amount so used is 100 pounds or 500
pounds. It is quite generally admitted
that the number of colonies may be so
increased in any locality that the sur-
plus per colony will be diminished,
but even this might be done, yet the
amount of honey secured in the aggre-
gate would be so increased as to make
the increase in nuinber of colonies a
profitable move. It is not always the
g-reater j'ield, pej- colony, that pro-
claims the greatest success. The most
successful bee-keeping- is that which
gets the greatest yield from a g-iven
area with the least expenditure of cap-
ital and labor. Just how manj^ col-
onies can be kept at a profit in a given
locality, is one of the hardest nuts that
bee-keepers are called upon to crack,

but when a bee-keeper decides that he
has gone beyond that point, it then be-
hooves him to branch out and establish
another apiary in an unoccupied field.
This is the way in which I advocate
the "keeping of more bees."

It is a disputed point whether
spreading the brood, or similar "fuss-
ing," really puts more bees in the
field, but, supposing it does, honey is
used to rear and feed these extra bees
just the same as though they were se-
cured by putting more colonies in the
field. Here is the point: a man has 100
colonies. By "fussing" with them, w'e
will suppose that he increases the crop
from 5,000 to 7,00) pounds. My con-
tention is that he might better use this
extra time or labor in caring for 200
colonies, using "short-cut" methods,
and getting, say 8,000 pounds.

I don t advise any bee-keeper to in-
crease his business in a reckless man-
ner. Let him gradually increase the
number of his colonies until he is sat-
isfied that he has as manj' as can be
profitably kept in that yard, then let
him start another; and when that be-
comes overstocked, start another; and
so on, thus letting experience and
number of colonies keep pace with
each other.

I have traveled about considerably,
visiting hundreds of bee-keepers in
their homes, and one thing that I have
noticed is worth pages of theory, and
it is this: The most prosperous bee-keep-
ers are those ivho keep the most bees.

A NEW USE FOR A CARD INDEX.

How it May Be Employed in Keeping
Track of Valuable Articles.

I fear there are many bee-keepers
who do not obtain the full amount of

benefit that they might from their bee-
journals, from a lack of some system-
atic method indexing the valuable
articles. To be sure there is an index
published at the end of each year, but
the seeker for information does not
usually knoXv in which year a certain
article was published, besides, some

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Ifi.-;

of these indexes are very voluminous —
the journals contain so much that this
particular man cares so little about.
Every man, as he reads the journals,
will occasionally come across an
article that is especially valuable to
him; and, later, when he wishes to re-
fer to it ag-ain, he don't find it.

Mr. Charles B. Achard, of Roselle,
Illinois, uses the card system, which,
by the way, is now applied to so many
uses. In an article written for Glean-
ing-s he describes his plan as follows: —

I g-ot a plain "Macey" card-index
box, also one set of alphabet index-
cards, and about a hundred blank
cards. Whenever I come across any-
thing- in a bee journal that I think I
mig'-ht wish to refer to afterward I
mark the article, or part of it, with
pencil. About once a month I look
the papers over and note the subject,
name, page, and volumn of the bee
journal on the card, allowing a sepa-
rate card for each subject. For ex-
ample :

U'ifitering, requirements for success-
ful—t^^z'., 102, 1903.

IVifitering, ventilation — Rev., 114, '03.

Queens, introducing-— G^/., 376, 545,
1903.

Queens, introducing-, shower-bath
method— G"/., 185, 1903.

In this way, if I wish to look up any
valuable sug-gestion it takes but a few
seconds to find what I want. Perhaps
you may think I would soon have hun-
dreds of cards filled; but I find that,
during- the whole of last year, I used
but a few over 100 cards, and they are,
most of them, not half full, as I can
put ten to twelve items under a g-iven
subject on one card. I take four papers
— the American Bee-keeper; American
Bee Journal, Reviezv, and Cleanings,
and I think the averag-e bee-keeper
takes no more than that.

SHOOK SWARMING.

Some Ways That are not Profitable and
One Way That Always Succeeds,

In the March Review I published an
article from Mr. M. A. Gill, of Long--

mont, Colorado, in which he tells how
he often shakes two colonies into one,
thereby securing- excellent, results.
Last Aug-ust, the editor of the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal told, in an ed-
itorial, of his failures and successes
in practicing- shook-swarming-, and
his big-gest success was in this same
line of shaking- two colonies tog-ether.
He tells so many other important
thing-s about shook-swarming- that I
think it worth while to copy the entire
article, which is as follows: —

During the present season we made
an extensive trial of "shook" swarm-
ing, and, to a limited extent, dequeen-
ing, as a means of controlling'- swarm-
ing in out-apiaries. Altogether about
200 colonies were treated for the
swarming fever, with varying results,
a recital of which may prove of some
value to the readers of the Journal.
As all our apiaries are out-apiaries,
and returns do not justify the employ-
ment of help at each apiary to hive
swarms, the problem is, to us, a vital
one, and involves, to a large extent,
the success or failure of our business,
from a financial standpoint. Our
efl^orts were directed solely from a
dollars-and-cents basis, not only dol-
lars saved, but more dollars actually
earned through a proper direction of
the energies of the bees.

To sum up in advance, we achieved
both success and failure, learned many
things valuable for future guidance,
and dispelled some of the illusions
that have been commonly accepted as
facts.

Our greatest objection to shook
swarming- is the large amount of hard
work that it involves. This was es-
peciall}^ true the present season, when
colonies went wild with the swarming
fever and swarmed, not according to
time honored rules, but with a seeming
anarchistic desire to turn the apiary
into a daily pandemonium. This ten-
dency of man}' of the colonies to swarm
before they were strong in bees vastly
augmented the work and seriously im-
paired the results. A few of the col-
onies that were shaken at the first in-
dication of swarming (eggs in the cell
cups) have not worked in the supers at
all. The colonies that were held back

166

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

from swarming'' by cutting" out queen
cells everj' six daj's until they were
strong" in bees (strong" enough to swarm
under normal conditions) and then
shaken, have done very satisfactory
super work, but even these would have
given far better results if they had
been stronger in bees.

Any method or management of
swarming that divides the forces of
the bees is inimical to the production
of comb honej'. In naturjil swarming,
restricted even to prime swarms, the
division is carried too far for profitable
results. The same is true, in a lesser
degree, of shook swarming", at least
such is the teaching of this season's
experience. Even though nearly all
the bees were shaken out and addi-
tions were made twice a week by
shaking the hatching bees with the
main colony, the force was not large
enough to begin work in the super un-
til the brood chamber, contracted to
six Hoffman frames, had been filled.
To get the best results, work should
begin in the brood chamber and super
simultaneously, and there should be
bees enough in the super to do as rapid
work as the strength of the iiow will
allow. To secure these essential con-
ditions, imiformly, either a large force
of bees must be reared or the bees of
two colonies should be shaken together
to form the working colon}'. Our av-
erage queens would, perhaps, fill a
half depth super with brood in ad-
dition to the regular standard brood
chamber. This would give one-third
to oiie-half more bees.

The idea of shaking the forces of two
colonies tog"ether to secure an enormous
army of workers is not original with
us. We saw it advocated a year or
two ago in the Review, as a means of
securing profitable crops in a very poor
locality. Recently, it was again call-
ed to our attention by our genial bee-
keeping neighbor and friend, A. F.
Foster, who sees in its practice a pos-
sible means of overcoming some of the
adverse conditions imposed b\' natural
and artificial swarming. Some of his
experience this season points strongly
in that direction. So far as we are
concerned the idea has found lodgment
in friendly soil; we believe in it and
expect to test it thoroughly next
season.

To handle an apiary on this plan
expeditiously, the colonies should be
arranged in pairs facing in the same
direction. The colonies of each pair
should be equalized as nearly as pos-

sible about forty-five days before the
beginning of the main flow and then
worked up to the greatest possible
strength in bees and brood. At the
proper time the bees of both colonies
should be shaken together in a con-
tracted brood chamber on starters with
as manj' supers added as is necessary
to accommodate the enormous working
force thus created. One of the old
hives of each pair together with queen
and brood and few remaining bees
should be reserved for a colony in
order to keep the original number of
colonies intact. This would be a good
colony in a few days and would easily
fill a super of extracting combs before
the close of the flow. The other hive
of brood should be united with the
working colony as fast as it hatches.
In our judgment, such a colonj'
would produce more supers of fancj'
and No. 1 honey than the same bees
would in any other juxtaposition, and
this plan would overcome the fatal
weakness of both natural and forced
swarms. It would not only render
swarming while absent from the apia-
ry improbable, but would create ideal
conditions for the rapid storing of hon-
ey in the supers and giving it that per-
fect finish that so delights the heart of
every apiarist.

In one apiary of Italians the swarm-
ing fever was so malignant that both
natural and shook swarms swarmed
out from one to three times each on
successive days before they settled
down to contented toil. In all cases
these swarms were given a frame of
unsealed brood. Finally, the brood
was omitted and there were no further
attempts at absconding. Clearly, the
brood was a detriment, though the re-
verse is the general rule.

Dequeening was a failure. The
bees loafed until the young queens be-
gan laying, and at least half of the
colonies so treated failed to rear queens
at all. Perhaps the result would have
been more satisfactory had a ripe cell
been given to each at the time of de-
queening.

With us shook swarming has come
to sta}' in the yards that are managed
for comb honey, but we are now strong-
1\' inclined to the opinion that the reg-
ulation plan should be modified to se-
cure a larger force of bees in the work-
ing colonies. After all, in honey
production, it is the aggregate number
of bees working as a unit, not individ-
ual colonies, that is effective in produc-
ing results.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

167

ADVERTISING HONFY.

Couldn't the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation do Something in this Line?

The Review is yoing-to try and help
bee-keepers this j^ear to get better
prices for their lioney. One way to
g^et better prices is to increase the de-
mand. One way of increasing the de-
mand is by advertising. See liow this
Karo Corn syrup is being' pushed up-
on the public by persistent advertising.

And, by the way, this advertising- is
very unfair, and I believe injurious,
to the bee-keeping industry. It com-
pares the Syrup with honey, extolling
it far above that delicious article of food
— saying that the bees will leave the
nectar in the flowers for this much-
lauded syrup. Bee-keepers know-
better than this. They know that the
whole of this advertising, so far as
comparisons with honey are concerned,
is untrue — out and out lies. I have
seriously considered if these people
could not be compelled Jto drop this
style of advertising, or be made to pay
damages if it is continued. Bee-keep-
ers know that the assertions made are
untrue, but the dear public does not.
A man or a woman buys a can of this
stuff, supposing it more delicious than
honey. A trial would lead one to say
"Well, if this is more delicious than
honey, I want none of the latter."

But the point I started out to make
is that if honey were put up in as
marketable a form as this sweetened
glucose is put up, and advertised as
extensive!}', the demand for honey
could be greatly increased. If the
National Association would, next fall,
publish a list of its members, tog-ether
with the amounts of honey produced
by each member, just as was done last
December, and then a lot of judicious
advertising done in the magazines, set-

ting forth the healthfulness, delicious-
ness, and great desirability of honey
as a food, and ending by saying that
a list of the names and addresses of
the members of the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association would be sent upon
application, together with the amounts
and kinds of honey that each had for
sale, each consumer could then order
from the member that was nearest to
him. It seems to me that there is no
way in which the National could spend
a few hundred dollars with more bene-
fit to its members than in doing some
advertising in a way that will help Its
members to sell their honey at g-ood
prices. It is practically the same plan
as that which is going- to be tried this
year by the Michigan State Associa-
tion.

The foreg-oing was suggested bj'
reading in the American Bee Journal,
a verbatim report of the last meeting
of the Northwestern Association.
Among other things, Mr. C. E. Star-
key, of Evanston, Illinois, said:

I believe we ought to advertise, and
the National Association is our only
means. The National could spend
quite a little money among the news-
paper men, even in the Ladies' Home
Journal and the Saturday' Evening
Post. I notice they are advertising a
corn syrup. They spent lots of money
on that, but no more than the National
Bee-Keepers' Association could spend.
I called them up by telephone and
asked them to send me a sample, and
it was clear and nice, and just as
sweet and fine, and very much like the
syrup produced back in the hills from
cane, exactly like it, and it is sweet
and has the same flavor. It is 10 cents
for a pound and a half package. It
will no more take the place of honey
than will black molasses. We want
to advertise, and we want to appoint
some one in charge of that who can
successfully advertise hone}'. Let the
people know that honey is a good
thing, and they will buy it.

Following Mr. Starkey came a char-
acteristic talk by Mr. Fred W. Muth,
of Cincinnati. It was the first time I
had seen Mr. Muth, and the way he
talked, and the enthusiasm he showed,

168

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

did me lots of g"ood. He showed most
conclusively that he is a hustler. If
there were 30 or 40 more like him in
this country, bee-keepers would have
to hustle to produce as much honey as
these dealers could sell. Here is what
Mr. Muth said, and I hope you will
enjoy the reading' as much as I did the
listening- to it.

It may be a little off the subject,
but to create a demand for honey might
be a good point for the National, and
I would vote for that. Last summer I
conceived an idea of a showcase ad-
vertisement in a grocery, like those you
see of Malta Vita and other farinace-
ous g-oods. I told them I would also
put a swarm of bees in there, a one- or
three-frame nucleus. To start the
g-oods I would stock the whole show-
case with honej^ I would get a ladj'
demonstrator in the store, and every
lad}' who comes in and who, you think,
would be likely to buj' a bottle of
honey, you steer her over to the honey
stand. I put in $800 worth of honey.
I didn't tell the grocer to bu}^ one dol-
lar's worth. I thought it might pay
me after it was all ever for what we sold
in the store. We had the finest show
3'ou ever saw. One of mj' travelings
men was 100 miles from Cincinnati,
and at the hotel at dinner (he was
known at the table by the other travel-
ers) ; he was asked if he had seen the
honey display, and they just thought
it was the finest thing on earth, and I
could have a million dollars in dis-
plays in windows today, but it gets
tiresome. In two weeks my yoimg
lady had sold over $3()0 worth of honey
in that store.

I went one point further. I some-
times get a notion to travel. I have
got to go, j'ou just can't hold me down.
I went East where thej' have a great
department store which covers one
block, and is seven stories high. I
said: "Let me see the manager."
When we came up to the seventh floor
there was an exhibition of everything
that they had for sale. I thought,
"Here is an opportunity to sell a
barrel of honey; stacks of it." I
showed them my bottled honey. If
you please, there are other fellows in
the East. My honey was the best
hone}' put up in bottles. I am proud
to say it. It is the truth. I told the
manager that I would like to put up a
demonstration for a couple of weeks
or months. "I would just like to start

you off here. I have the finest thing"
on earth. " I sold him nearly $1,500
worth of bottled honey. Now, the
National Bee-Keepers' Association
doesn't do a thing- like that. If you
did this, you wouldn't be selling your
comb honey for 10 and 12 cents, and
your extracted for 5 cents. The de-
mand would be g-reater than the pro-
duct. It would be true; and the Nat-
ional Bee-Beekers' Association mem-
bership— you wouldn't have to adver-
tise it in the way you do to get your
dollar. They would run for you.
That would be the best thing.

Friends, I honestly believe that the
National can do its members a lot of
good by using- some printers' ink in
helping them to get g-ood prices for
their product. If anybodj' has any
suggestions or criticisms to offer on
this subject, send them in, and the}'
will be printed.

BEES and QUEERS

AND

Stanley Incubators

Full Colony, with tested queen,
in 10-frame, L. hive, $5.00.

Nucleus, on three L. frames,
$2.00. Price of queen to be
added.

Queens, warranted, 75 cts. each,
or $7.00 a dozen; tested, $1.25
each, or $10.00 a dozen; best
breeding queens, $2.00 to
$3.00 each.

Ineubatop and Brooder (patent-
ed), best on the market for
rearing and caring for
queens, complete, $5.00.

Queen Cells, 100 mounted, with
sample of Cylinder cag-e,
sent postpaid for 75 cts.

flRTHUH STflfJliEY,

Dixon, Illinois.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

169

Geoi^gia Queens

" The best is none too good."

Standard bred queens from Hall's strain of
sni erior, golden, improved, 5-banded, leather-
colored, and Carniolan stock. They are bred for
business, as honey gatherers, by the best known
methods. See how they please customers: -

Kansas City, Mo., Mar. 12, 1904
Mr. T. S. Hall,

Dear Sir— Knclosed please find
Ji .00 for one of your Italian queens, to be sent
sometime in April. The one I got of you last
year proved very satisfactory.

Yours truly, Geo. C. Hall.

Uhtested queens, either strain, before July 1st,
$1.00 each; six for J5.00; twelve for J9.00. Tested
51.50; select tested, $3.00; best, 55.00

After July i, untested, 75 cts.; six for $4.00;
twelve for $7.00. Tested, $1.25; select tested,
52.50; best 55. 00.

Full colony with tested queen, 56.00. Three-
frame nucleus, 52.00; two-frame nucleus, $1 .50.
No queen at these prices — add price of queen
wanted.

Selected, purely mated queens, mated to select
drones by our new system of mating, 5' -25.

Discounts on all large orders. Send for des-
criptive circular. T. S- HAl,L„
4-04-it Jasper, Pickins Co., Ga.

Long Tongues Valuable

South As Well As North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll in honey
down in Texas.

Hutto, Texas, Nov. 19., 1902.

J. P. Moore — Dear Sir: — I wish to write you in
regard to queens purchased of you. I could have
wriiten sooner, but I wanted to test them thor-
oughly and see if they had those remarkable
qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I must
confess to you I am more surprised every daj^ as
Iw^tchtheui. They simply "roll the honey in "
It seems that they get honey where others are
idle or trying to rob- and for gentleness of hand-
ling, I have never seen the like. Friend E. R.
Root was right when he said your bees have the
longest tongues; for the^' get honey where others
fail. I will express my thanks for such queens.
I am more than pleased. I will stock my out-
apiaiies next spring with your queens.
Yours truly,

Hknry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the onlj' plant which requires long
tongued bees to secure the greatest amount of
nectar, hut there are pages more, fully as strong,
in one of the neatest little circulars that ever
was sent out by a queen breeder. Send for this
circular and read full pai ticulars in regard to
how these queens are bred, the prices at which
thty can be obtained, etc

J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Ky.

Iggs For JHalcKir\g.

From 30 varieties of Standard Bred Fowls,
my breeding stock scores from 90 to 96 points.
Price of eggs, $1.50 per 13; S^.,so per 26; 55. 00 per
65. Send for my 13th annual Circular. It is
free. Everything as represented, or your money
back. S. A. HUMMF;i„

5-04-it Box 60. Freeport, 111,

\

170

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

V

THE MINNESOTA BEE-KEEPERS'
SUPPLY COMPANY.

In the Heart of the Mississippi.

Ivocated on Nicollet Island, which splits m
twain the might}' old "Father of Waters," as it
rushes through one of the most populous por-
tions of "The Flour City of the West," the build-
ing shown in the illustration is an earning-place
of no mean importance in the eye of the Minn-
eapolis man, and the editor of the Review dis-
covered, during his recent visit in that city, that
her manufacturers know how to prize location,
and how to make the most of natural power.

The subject of the illustration is known as the
Power House Building, and in it are located quite
a number of ambitious manufacturers, chief
among these is the flinnesota Bee-keepers'
Supply Co., booming under the stimulus of new
life and the management of John Doll & Son.

Each loo feet of this building is divided by a
wall of solid stone masonry — one portion might
be gutted by fire and the remainder could be
preserved intact. The M. B. S. Co occupy
three floors of the first division, one floor hav-
ing been added during the visit of the editor of
the Review in Minneapolis.

The Mississippi provides the motive energy
direct by means of powerful turbines. It is the
cheapest power ill the Northwest. This is one

of the most powerful of the many arguments ad-
vanced by the M. B. S. Co., as to why bee-keepers
should give them a trial order. Rent and power
combined, cost but a little more than rent alone,
ordinarily does.

Complete Change of Policy.

Through unfortunate and uncongenial part-
nership connections in the past, this firm suffer-
ed in some degree from internal frictions and
external dissatisfactions; but, a few months ago,
many radical changes took place — the greatest
of all being the securing the entire owiiersnip,
control and management by John Doll & Son.
They have introduced a complete change of pol-
icy, as well as abundant capital, they are posses.s-
ed of thorough experience in their work, and,
better than ail, an untarnished name for square
dealing. Instead of discouraging orders for odd
sized goods, or out-of-the-ordinary thing?, they
are making a specially of such matters and
guarantee the most accurate and prompt work.

They have recently issued a new catalogue —
they frequently issue new price-lists — you'll get
one by return mail if you write. Address them

The Minnesota Bee-keepers^ Supply Company, ^

Minneapolis, Minn*

THE BEE-KEEPERS' KEVIEW

171

The Southwest
Limited

Is the new electric-lighted train Chicago
to Kansas City. Its route is via the new
short line of the

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Railway.

By one Missouri editor it has been called
"The Sure 'Nuf Hurry-up Train between
Chicago and Kansas City." It is electric
lighted throughout and carries standard
sleepers, dining cars, compartment-obser-
vation sleepers, chair cars and coaches.
Leaves Chicago 6:00 p. m. Arrives Kan-
sas City 8:40 a. m. Union stations in
both cities. Two stations in Kansas City.

ROBERT C. JONES, 32 Campus MaPtius,

JVIiehigan Passengef Hgent

DETI^OIT, JVIICH- t^

Daughters of select, imported Italians, select
long - tongue ( Moore's ) and select erolden, bred
2% miles apart, and mated to select drones. No
impure bees within three and only a few within
five miles. No disease — 31 years of experience.
All mismated queens replaced free. Safe arriv-
al guaranteed.

Prices before July After July i
1 6 12 1 6 12

Untested $ .75 4.00 7. ,50 $ .60 3.25 6.00

Select 1. 00 5.00 900 .75 4.25 8.00

Tested 1.50 8.00 15.00 1.25 6.50 12.50

Select tested. . 200 10.00 18.00 1.50 8. 00 15.00

Untested queens readv April 20th

I JOMH M» DAVIS

4-04-3! Spring Hill, Tenn,

THE EARTH 25c

That's the yearly subscription price of t he latest
and best journal in the interest of farming, fruit-
growing and cattle-raising. It will acquaint you
with the conditions, climate, life and opportunies
of the Great Southwest. Issued monthly; pro-
fusely illustrated. Addiess, for .sample copy,
THE EARTH, iiis Railway Kxchange, Chicago.

BEES FOR SALE— 20 colonies, in 8- and lo-
frame hives, at S4.00 a colony. For further par-
ticulars address I,. J. BENJAMIN, Clio, Mich.

172

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Headqaat^teFs for Bee Supplies

i
^
^

ROOT'S GOODS AT INGOT'S FACTORY PRICES

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freig^ht - rates from Cin-
cinnati are the lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satis-
faction guaranteed. Lang-strotii Portico Hives and Standard
Honey-Jars at lowest prices. You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free. Send for same. Book orders for Golden Ital-
^»j ian, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens; for prices, see my catalog.

m C. H- W. WEBEt^, Cineinnati, O.

m

m

Office and salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses,
Freeman and Central Avenues.

4-04-3t

I

I

NORRIJ" & ANJPACH S

Kenton,
HIO.

Manufacturers and dealers in bee-keepers' supplies. Jobbing agents for
the G. B. Lewis Co., of Watertown, Wis. We handle a complete line of their
goods, at regular, catalog prices. Dovetailed Hives, Triumph Hives, Sections,
Smokers, Veils, Honey Cases, in fact, everything for the bee-keeper. Frst-class
goods, prompt shipments. Special prices en large quantities.
404-31 Please ineiitioii the Review.

^1Q QOO ^^^ ^^'^^ completed the above Bee-Keepers' Supply
^ ' Mfg-. Plant, and we can give all bee-keepers a great

bargain in new goods at old prices. Send for price list.

MONDENG MF'G CO.

145 Cedar Lake Road, Minneapolis, Minn.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

173

PERFECT GOODS!

LOW PRICES!

A Customer Once, A Customer Always.

We manufacture BEE SUPPLIES of all kinds, (been at it
over 20 years). It is always best to buy of the makers. New
illustrated catalog free. For nearly 14 years we have pub-
lished The American Beekeeper, (monthly, 50 cents a year),
the best magazine for beginners. Edited by one of the most
experienced bee keepers in America. Sample copy free.

The W. T. Falconer Manf 'g Co.

JAMESTOWN, NEW YORK

Wm. M. Gerrish, Epping, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at
catalog prices. Order of him and save freight.

IT PAYS TO BUY

/tandard Bred Queens.

We have them true to name.

Buckey strain 3-banded Italians.
Golden Italians.
Carniolans.
We guarantee safe arrival.

Ready to mail April 15th.

PRICES.

One

Six

Twelve

Untested,

... $ .75....

... . $4.00

.... $7.50

Select

. ... 1.00....
1.50....

5.00

9.00

Tested

.... 8.00

.... 15.00

Select Tested

. . . 2.00. . .

10.00

18.00

Select Breeders

$3.00

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

3-04-8t

y

174

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

f ©r

rr/HE Review never had more sub-
-^ scribers, better correspondents,
greater mechanical facilities, or a
mone experienced editor; in short, it
was never more fully equipped, than
at present, for helping bee-keepers,
It will use all of these advantages the
present year in taking up and disuss-
ing two of

mlbjects

connected with bee-keeping, viz., the
production of large quantities of honey,
cheaply, and the selling of it at a high
price. The first few issues of this
year, are and will be, especially devoted
to the discussion of the first-mentioned
topic, then in July or August, market-
ing will be taken up and continued
through the year. I do not mean that
other important matters will not be
touched upon, but that special attention
will be given to these two.

For instance, last year, Mr. F. E.
Atwater, of Boise, Idaho, with onlj'
one helper.

scattered from seven to eighteen miles
from home, and in the January Re-
view he had a long article describing
the hives, implements, and methods,
that enabled him to accomplish thisfeat.
Mr. E. D. Townsend of Remus,
Michigan, is

in this State; managing out-apiaries
with the least possible amount of labor,
much of it unskilled at that, and mak-
ing mone}' out of the business, and he
is telling the readers of the Review
"how he does it." I think I am safe
in saying that no more valuable con-
tributions have ever appeared in the
Review than those that are being fur-
nished by Mr. Townsend — particularl}'
for the specialist. They contain little
that is startling, or revolutionary, their
chief value being the short-cuts and
sj'stems that enable him to manage
many colonies with little labor. The
series of articles began in January,
and will probably run through thej'ear.
They are all practical, like the one in
this issue. Later in the season he will
write on marketing and wintering.

by using the bees of only one colony
would seem to be an impossibility, j'et
W. H. Laws, of Beeville, Texas, has
been, for the last year, practicing a
method that not only enables him to
do this, but allows of the introduction
of virgin queens that are from five to
seven days old, avoids all trouble
from fertile workers, prevents loss
from absconding, and queens may be
mated in a locality free from objection-
able drones. This method is illustrat-
ed and described in the March issue of
the Review.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

175

The beginning and the end of the
honey season are

CrItlcaE F@aimtSo

To induce the bees to' promptly take
possession of the supers, to wind up
the season with nearly all of the sec-
tions completed, yet lose none of the
honey that the bees can store, are
most desirable accomplishments; yet
James A. Green, of Grand Junction,
Colorado, has an article in the April
number telling how all of these things
may be managed by what he calls his
"Combination System."

Mr. M. A. Gill, of Longmont, Colo-
rado, last year, with the assistance of
his wife and one other helper, manag-
ed 1,100 colonies, increased them to
1,600, and shipped

Last month the Review published an
article from Mr. Gill in which he told
exactly how he managed — particularly
in regard to the swarming-problem.

S©ld 20,000 Ifeso

When it comes to the marketing, I
have on hand an article by Mr. H. C.
Ahlers, of West Bend, Wisconsin, in
which he tells in detail how he has
built up a trade in selling extracted
honey direct to consumers, in which he
last 3'ear sold 20,000 pounds, and most
of it at 12 cents a pound!

Tl^e IfIosmi©°MairSiet

year, if I remember aright, in his little
home-city, of only 4,000 inhabitants.
He does no peddling, it is all sold at
the groceries, butcher shops, and the
like, and he so manages as to get
eight cents a pound for it. What that
management is, how the honey is put
up, the package, in fact the whole
modus operandi will be described by
Mr. France in the Review, long ere
the time comes to put this year's crop
on the market.

A. IfI®im®5^='R»®^t®p

in something the same line as a milk-
man has a route, has been inaugurated
and put in practice for several years
by Mr. C. F. Smith, of Cheboygan,
Michigan. There is no peddling about
it. On certain days, except during
the busy time of the year with the bees,
Mr. Smith goes over a certain route,
calling at certain houses and deliver-
ing a certain amount of honey. In
this waj' he sells all of his own ex-
tracted honey at 13 cents a pound, and
then buys and sells thousands of
pounds besides. How the honey is put
up, how the route was established,
how he knows at which houses to call,
and how much honey to bring, etc.,
will be told to the readers of the Re-
view in an article that Mr. Smith is
now preparing with much care as to
detail and helpfulness.

So much in the way of retailing
honey, and we now come to the sub-
ject of selling honey direct to retail
dealers, instead of sending it to com-
mission merchants who, in turn, sell to
the retailers. This is

is something that many of us have
neglected as too small to be worth
noticing, especially if it is only a small
town, but our energetic General Man-
ager of the National Association, Mr.
N. E. France of Platteville, Wisconsin,
manages to sell about 8,000 pounds a

and one that has been little worked, but
I have found a man who has had a lot
of experience in this line, Mr. S. A.
Niver, formerly of New York, but now
of Chicago. For several years, quite a

176

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

number of extensive bee-keepers near
Groton, New York, turned their crops
of comb honej^ over to Mr. Niver, who
g'raded and crated it, and then packed a
case with samples, and went out as a
"drummer, " selling' direct to the retail
trade, going over the same ground more
than once, taking orders and collecting
for the honey. I have an article from
Mr. Niver telling of his success. It is
long, readable, full of humor, and of
suggestions for some man to go and do
likewise. Mr. Niver is now at work
preparing an article on retailing honej'
to city customers.

The foregoing are onl^' a few of the
g'ood things that are in store for the
readers of the Review — these are given
simply as samples. The prospects for

in bee-keeping were never brighter for
the man who will arouse himself, wake
up to the changed conditions of things,
and take advantage of the changes.
One thing is certain, if you are a bee-
keeping specialist, if bee-keeping- is
your dush/ess, \'ou can't afford not to

It will lead 3'ou, and encourage you,
and fill you with ideas, and tell you
how to do things — show you how to en-
large your business and viake money .
Send $1.00 for the Review for 1904,
and long ere the year is out j'ou will ad-
mit that it was the most profitable in-
vestment vou ever made.

W. M. Cockersham, of Ronda, N. C.
manufactures

©ee Supplies

AND REARS

Queens foP Sale

at the following

prices

Apr.

One Untested, |i.oo
Three " 2.90

One Warranted, 1.25

One Tested 1.50

Select Tested, . . . :?.oo
Breeding, 8.00

May June

f .90
2.75
1. 10

1-25

2.75
8.00

2.50
1. 00

l.IO

2.50

8.00

July
and
after

I -75
2.25
1. 00
1. 00

2.25

HOT lU THE Tf^UST.

The oldest bee supply store in
the East. Sells best goods at
former prices. Send for cata-
log. Successor to A. J. King.

J. H. IW. COOK. Netu York City
3-04-41 70 Cortlandt St.

Red Clover

Italian Queens
for 1904. Our
strain of bees is
gathering hon-
ey in every State. We have had 21 years of ex-
perience in queen rearing, and our queens are all
reared by up-to-date methods. Untested, 75 cts.
each, or $S.oo a dozen; tested, 5100, or Jio 00
a dozen; breeders. $3.50 to i^y.oo A four-frame
hive, painted, stocked with bees, brood and a
queen, J3.50. We shall keep on hand from 400
to 600 queens, and will be able to send queens by
return mail, guaranteeing safe arrival. Send for
circular. G. RONTZAHN,

4-04-6t Biglerville, Penn.

^MMMMMSaStMU^WiUaMMMMM^'aMMM^

Choice Queens g

Fof 1904

We are again offering queens of the
best stock obtainable. Untested queens.
Golden, I,eather Colored, or Carniolan,
warranted pure, 75 cts each, or ;57 50 a doz.
Tested, I1.25 each, or $12 per dozen.

a Geo. J. Vande VoPd b

Ea , Si

g 4-04-tf Daytona, Florida. g

QBElBEIEiEiBEIElElBBEiEIB^ISEiElEIElEIEiElE)

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

177

And her quality is what your surplus depends upon. Knowing-
this, we use extra care in the selection of our breeding stock. Se-
lected queens are g^iven one year's trial in our out-yards, and those
only are used for breeding- that have shown a marked superiority
in the yield of surplus honey.

Tested and untested queens and nuclei are now ready for
shipment. Send for 64-page catalog giving- prices on bees, queens,
hives, and other supplies.

Jo Mo JeimMis^Sp WetussiapMap Alalbann^

I Can Sell Goods GheapeF

Than the majority of dealers can furnish them, and here are
some of the reasons why: I am in the heart of the lumber reg-ions,
where lumber is cheap and there is no freight to pay; I am in a small, country
town where labor is cheap; I have new, up-to-date, labor-saving machinery run
by water-power — the cheapest power in the world. Not only will I sell goods
cheaper but I Will Pay the Freight to Chicago, St. Paul or
Minneapolis, on shipments passing- through those points. Send
for my catalog and get my prices before ordering,

W.H. Putnam, ^W^rt Falls, Wis.

{Wmm Try The Case Strain miMii^

Of Italians. They make the whitest comb honey; have proved
best for extracted, especially in Cuba; and are but little inclined
to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms
bought 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is second
to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning better queens,
earlier and more of them, for 1904. Fine untested, $1.00. Select,
$1.25. Tested, $1.25, up. Circular sent free for the asking.

4-04 tf

J. B. Case; Port Orange^ Fla- mm^

178

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

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Dadant'5

Foundation

Why Does it Sell so Well ?— Because it has always
given better satisfaction than an^- other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

We Guarzvptee Szvtisf Action— What more can any-
body do? Beauty, purit}-, firmness, no sagging-, no
loss. Patknt Wkkd Process of Sheeting.

Beeswax Waotecl atzvll Tirne? Send name for our
Catalog, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

Lapgjtroth op the Honey - Bee, Revised,
classic in bee-literature. $1.20 b^^ mail.

The

DADAiST & SON,

\\zsxr)\\\ox)^ Illinois.

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'^P I_. C- &- A. G. WOOD/AAVS, GrAO<l R&pi<ls,

^'^ r4g«nts for /^icbigap :,-o4-iot ^

W\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \/

IT PAYS

to send 5'^our orders a distance of 1,000 miles

FOR

BEE-SURRLIES

to R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Mass., at 182 Friend St., is where
F. H. Farmer sells ROOT'S SUPPLIES
Send for free catalogue. Telephone

Prothero & Arnold, DuBois

PENNSYLVANIA

Are handling Root's Goods iiy 'car
loads, at factory prices — wholesale and
retail. The best of shipping fatnlitieW
3-04-4t Please mention the Review.'

y

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

179

iiiiiiiilii

Bee-Kecpers j j Weiss

It is a conceded fact that the
bulk of the honey of the future
is going to be produced in the
irrigated portion of what is
known as "Arid America." If
you are interested in the pro-
gress of apicuUure in this vast
region, you should subscribe
for the

RocKy A\ountair)

B^e Journ^lt

a twenty -page monthly; price
50 cents per year.

This is now the only bee pub-
lication west of the Missouri
river. We have several hun-
dred eastern subscribers, and
have still room for more. Write
for free sample copy. Address

H. <5. A\orebouse

Boulder, Colo.

■iiiiin
iiiiiiii

Foundation

Is guaranteed to stand at the
head for quality and work-
manship, as it is made by the
latest process of sheeting and
purifying wax, and will defy
competitors to its quality and
purity. Send for a sample
and catalog and be your own
judge. Working wax a spec-
ialty. Friend Bee-Keeper, now
is the time for you to send in
your wax and have it worked
into foundation. Highest pri-
ces paid for beeswax. Cash,
32c; trade, 33c. Impure wax
not accepted. A full line of

Bee Supplies

AUGUST WEISS,

-04-tf

GREENVILLE, WIS.

II!!!!!!
iiiiiiii

Root's Goods 2vt
Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honej' Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

I<arge and complete stock on hand
at ail times. I,ow freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free

Wzilt^r S. Pouter j^

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOI.IS, IND.

We want to add 1,000 new names
to our suh.'cription list right away,
and to all who will send us a list of
10 bee-keepers and 25 cents in silver,
we will send our Journal for one
year. Do not send stamps. The
subscription price is $1.00 a vear.

This ad will appear but once.

PACIFIC STATES BEE JOURNAL,

P. F. Adelsbach, Editor,

Tulare, Cal.

180

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

k

Queens by Return Mail: 1^,

am in the " Sunny
South ' ' and I can fill
orders nozu, no matter
how large. I can fur-
nish either the three- or the five-banded Italian Queens, untested, at $1.00 each,
or six for $5.00. Tested, $1.25 each, or six for $7.00. Breeders, yellow all over,
$3.00 each. Sold 1,800 4-o4-tf

queens last 3'ear. Safe
arrival guaranteed.

DANIEL WURTH, Karnes City, Tex.

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, i8 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

From the Cotton Belt Apiaries are as good
as the best and as cheap as the cheapest, and
you can get them by return mail at the following
prices : Untested, 50 cts. ; tested, 75 cts. ; breeders
$3.00. We make one- two- and three-frame nu-
clei a specialty. Write for circular and price
list, which gives full information. 4-04-9t

Box 83,

Ao IPIIBBILC

Roxton, l,amar Co., Texas.

SPECIAL

FOR

March AND April

No. 1 Sections, $4.00; No. 2, $3.50,
Plain Section 25 cts less. Dovetailed
Hives, 8-frame, lYz Storj-, in lots of
10, $1.25 each; lots of 20, $1.15 each;
lots of 50, $1.10, 10-frame for 15 cts
more per hive. The Poor Man's Hive,
rabbeted, $1.00. Foundation, Smokers,
Frames, etc., in stock. Price list free.

W. D. SOPER,

3-04-tf R. F. D. No. 3, Jackson, Mich

Oldest Supply house in

Your wants fully supplied with anything need-
ed in the apiary. Full stock of Root's
Goods. Danzenbaker hives, Bees and queens.
I,et us mai lyou our 40-page catalog— FREE.
4-04-4t JOHN NEBEI< & SON, High Hill, Mo.

X

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1904
Catalogue and Illustrated Price List — free for the asking.

3-04-6t

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

181

Marshfield

MANUFACTURING CO.

Marshfield, Wisconsin, makes a specialty
of Sections, and they are the best in
the market. Wisconsin basswood is the
right kind for them. They also have a
fnll line of Bee - Supplies. Write for
free. Illustrated Catalog and Price List.

3-04-4t

I Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich., has
in storag-e, awaiting- 5'our order. Four
Carloads of standard g-oods, such as
Danzenbaker Hives, Root's Dovetailed
Hives, Roots ChafP Hives, Hilton Chaff
Hives and T-Supers, Cowan Extract-
ors, Cornell smokers, Doolittle Wax
Extractors, Weed Foundation, Section
Boxes, Etc. 36-page Catalog free.
3-04-3t Please mention the Revdew.

Beekeepers' Supplies

and Queens for sale by W. B. Vaughan

Newburg-, N. Y.
3-04-3t 45 Smith, St

•'

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Hoi)' Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing business in every State

in the Union and in many foreign countries.
The demand for I,aws' queens has doubled any

previous season's sales.
I^aws' queens and bets are putting up a large

share of the hon'iy now sold.
I.aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over

the world. Why' Because it is the best to

be had.
Remember ! That I have a larger stock than ever:

that I can send you a queen any month in

the year and gu rantee safe delivery; that I

have many fine breeders on hand. Price.

I3.00 each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for $6.00.

Prices reduced after March 15. Send for

circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beevilie, Texas.

182

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

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Has a strain of Italian bees in which prolificness and honey-
gathering' are developed to a high degree. His location fur-
nishes a continuous honey-flow throughout the season, while
the broad, extended prairie surrounding his yard allows of no
undesirable drones in bee-trees. He expects to keep on hand
from 600 to 1,200 queens, and be able to fill orders by return
mail, guaranteeing safe arrival, at the following prices ; —

Before July

One

Select Ji.oo

Tested i . 50

Select Tested 2.00

Breeders 4 . 00

Straight five-banded breeders 6.00

Two-frame Nucleus, no queen, 2.50

Full colony, on eight frames, 6.00

Six

8.00
10.00

14.00
30.00

Twelve
$9.00

After July 1st
One Six Twelve
J4.00
500

■ 75
1. 00
1.50
3<o
5.00

2.25 12.00
4.00 22.00

8.00
15.00

$7.00
9.00
15.00

Send for Circular giving many particulars that lack of
space forbids mention here. POINDING CARTONS at

only $4.00 M, so long as present stock lasts.

QUIHIJI'^THE-QUEEH-BREEDEH, Bellevae, Ohio

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■ Root's Goods at Root's Prices.

Choice White Wyandotes and Barred
Rocks. Best strain Italian queens. Send
for circular J. F. MICHAEL,

1-04-tf R F D I. Winchester, Ind.

-If you are going to —

BtlY A BUZZ-SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
QBW Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

PAXEZNT, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24
YEIARS the: BEIST. CATALOG FREIE
\ (, T. F. BINGHAM, FAR\A/EL_I_, MIOH

THE brp:-kerpers' review

183

Retail — Wholesale

fil

Has an established reputation because made by a
process that produces the CLEANEST and the
PUREST, and in all respects the BEST and the
most desirable. Send for Samples.

Working wax into Foundation
For Cash

Is a specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at the
HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

A Full L/ine of Supplies at Both
Retail and Wholesale.

Send at once for Catalog- and discounts on largfe
orders.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents
for Canada.

Please mention the Review.

1«4

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

AVe^py lrr)proverr)ept5 Tbis Yeeir.

We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies.
The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber
than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied
with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi-
nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators.
The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate-
rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly
polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles,
and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure
enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be
worked by the foot.

Tb^ Heddon Hive.

Another valuable adjunct to our manu-
facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not
hesitate to say that it is the best all round
hive ever put upon the market; and we
are pleased to state that we have made
arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the end
that we can supply these hives; and the
right to use them goes with the hives.

Hooey Extrzvctors.

Our Honey Extractors are highly orna-
mental, better manufactured; and, while
the castings are lighter, they are more
durable than heretofore, as they are made
of superior material.

Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved,
beinj- brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land,
and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price;
only 50 cts. per year.

Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres-
sive Bee-Keeper. Address

LEAHY A\f5. <oO.,

Ezk^t St. Louis, His.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are made according
to these rules;

^"ancv — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. 1, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission— the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

KANSAS CITY, MO.— Honey stock is well
cleaned up, and demand good. Beeswax in
good demand. We quote as follows: — No.i
white, $250 a case; No.i amber, $2.25 a case;
White extracted, S^/ic; amber, 6c; beeswax, 30c.
WAI^KER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,

May 3

423 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo

V^

CINCINNATI— The demand for honey is

X brighter than it has been in the past sixty days.
We continue to offer Amber Extracted in bar-
rels at '{'/i to 6]4 cts, according to quality. White
Clover Extracted is a drag on the market at 654c
to 8 c in barrels and cans. Comb honey seems
1 to be reviving at i^'Ac to 15c for fancy. Beeswax
is wanted by us at 30c per lb delivered here.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO. *^

March 29

Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFAIvO— All grades of honey very dull, and
can only be sold by severe cutting of prices.
Don't ship here at present, unless willing to ac-
cept low prices. We quote as follows: — Fancy
white, 12 to 13c; No.i, 10 to iic; fancy amber,
9 to 10c; No. I, 8 to 9c; fancy dark, 8 to gc; No. i
dark, 7 to 8c; white extracted, 6 to 8c; beeswax,
25 to 32c.

BATTERSON & CO. ♦'^
May 2 159 Michigan St. Buffalo, N. Y.

CHICAGO— The market is faeivily supplied
with comb and extracted, neither of which are
meeting with any demand; especially is this true
of the comb honey. Prices are uncertain, as
those having stock are anxious to sell it; there-
fore, it is difficult to quote prices. The best
grades of white comb bring II to 12c, anything
off, from choice to fancy, is not wanted. Ex-
tracted white, according to quality, sells at 6 to
7c; amber, 5 to 6c; beeswax 30 to 32c.

R. A. BURNETT & Co.,
April 7. 199 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

PHIL,ADEI,PHIA— The season for selling
honey has been prolonged on account of the
cold weather, which has certainly been very for-
tunate for the bee-keeper, as there never was as
much honey shipped in so late in the season to
be disposed of. It has broken the price quite
considerably, but there is still quite a demand,
which otherwise would have fallen off. We
quote as follows: — Fancy white comb, 13 to 14c;
No. T, i2c; amber and buckwheat, 9 to loc; Ex-
tracted buckwheat, 7 to 8c; amber, 6 to 7c; bees-
wax 31C and in good demand. We are producers
of honey and do not handle on commission. ><
WM. A. SELSER, *^

March 30 10 Vine St. Philadelphia, Pa.

NEW YORK— Market quiet, especially 011
Comb. Fair demand for extracted. Beeswax
scarce and wanted. We quote as follows:—
Fancy white, 13c; No. i fancy amber, iic; No. i.
loc; white extracted, 6^c; amber, ^yi to s^c;
dark, 5c; beeswax, 29 to 30.

HII^DRETH & SEGEI.KEN,
265 & 267 Greenwich St., Cor. Murray St.
May 2. New York. ^"^

CINCINNATI, OHIO— The honey market con-
tinues to be dull; if anything, the prices on comb
are lower; concessions are made on bigger lots.
I quote: fancy white comb from 12^ to 14c.
Sales on extracted are made at the following
prices; Amber, in barrels, 5^ to sJic; in cans,
'Ac more. Alfalfa, water white, 6 and 6^c;
strictly white clover, for extra fancy, y% and
8c. Beeswax 30c.

C. H. W. WEBER,
May 2 Cincinnati, Ohio.

CHICAGO — We report a very good trade on
Comb and Extracted Honey during the month
of April, at which time we greatly reduced our
stock. If producers still have any honey un-
sold, would advise letting it come forward; no
doubt we could dispose of it so as to show satis-
factory results. We quote as follows: Fancy-
white, 12 to t3c; No. I, II to i2c; white extracted,
6 to 7c; amber, 5 to 6c; beeswax, 29 to 31c.
S. T. FISH & CO.,

May 3. 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

KANSAS CITY, MO.— Demand for honey
is good; supplies light, and we look for higher
prices. We quote as follows: Fancy white,
$2.50 per case; No. I, $2.40; fancy amber, $2.25;
white extracted, 6J/2C; amber, sJ^c; beeswax, 30c.

May 2

C. C. CIvEMONS & CO.
Kansas City, Mo.

AIvBANY, N. Y —The honey market is dull
and it looks as if some would have to be carried
over the season. .-4. large portion of the stock is
candied hard in the comb, from the long, cold
winter. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13
to 14 c; No. I white, 12 to 13 c; fancy amber, 11 to
12 c; No. I amber, 10 to iic; fancy dark, 11 to 12c;
No. I dark, 10 to iic; white extracted, 6 to 65^c;
amber extracted, 5A to 6c; dark extracted. 5 to
6 He; beeswax, 28 to 30c.

"' H. N. Wright, L.

Wholesale Commission,

April I

Albany, N. Y.

WINTERING

Is the perplexing" problem every beekeeper has to face. It requires
much hard work and g-ood facilities to winter in the cellar. Many
with but a few colonies do not care to g"0 to the trouble of moving-
their bees. Successful wintering on summer stands is what all wish.
This depends on the hive. The Danzenbaker hive solves the problem.
At half the cost of the chaff hive it has all its advantag^es and many
others. As shown by reports of last season, it has no equal. Now
is the time to prepare for next season. Avoid last year's failures
by ordering the

DANZENBAKER

i

fJQ T/ie nth edition of ''Facts about Bees^"" is now ready. It tells all

^v\ about the Danzenbaker hive arid is full of valuable information. IVe

KS^ '^'^ send it free on request. The Danzenbaker Hive is kept in stock by

r]Q all our branch houses and principle agencies.

w

^ THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

ijj Main Office and Works, Medina, Ohio, U. S. A.

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The following unsolicited letter from
Chalou Fowls, the well known beekeeper
of Northern Ohio, keeping some 500 colo-
nies, is a good argument for the Danzen-
baker hive as regards wintering. ''In
this vicinity the winter loses will be very
heavy; many reporting one-third to one-
half dead already. My own loss is heavy,
but not as heavy as reported by others.
In chaff hives 12 per cent.; in Danzen-
baker hives 3 per cent., all on summer
stands." l,ater reports are even more
favorable to the Danzenbaker hive.

Mr. S. E. Wiley of Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
writes: 'The Danzenbaker hive winters
finely, just as well as the chaff hive.
Your hive is practicallj' a double-walled
hive with closed end frames."

Mr W. W. I<athrop, of Conn., says:
"I think there is nothing like the Danz-
enbaker hive for wintering bees out-
doors, and for producing fancy comb
honey I owe my success to it."

Mr. Vernon Bert, another extensive
beekeeper of Ohio tells us that his bees
in Danzenbak hive have wintered
much better than all others.

R

I
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BRANCHES

Chicago, III., 144 Erie St. Philadel'a. Pa 10 Vine St. San Anto'o, Tex. 438 W. Houston
Mechanics Falls, Me. St Paul, Minn. 1024 Miss. St Wash., D. C. 1200 Md. Av. S. W.

Syracuse, N. Y. ;Havana, Cuba, SanIgnacia[New York City, 44 Vasey St.

PQ

June, 1904.

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'RevieW National Bee - Keepers'

PUBI,ISHED MONTHLY
. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

I^ntered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 197.

Terms — $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances— The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
Geo. W. Brodbeck, I<os Angeles, Calif.
Secretary.

N. E. FRANCE. Platteville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasurer.

Board of Directors.

Flint, Michigan, June 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) ($1 00) f i 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal.. .. ( i 00) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 1.20

Rural New Yorker ( i 00) i 85

The Century ( 400^ 4 5°

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ( i 00) i 75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 4 00) 4.10

Harper's Weekly ( 400) 4-2°

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i.oo) 1.90

Success ( I.oo) 1.75

Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn, Ont.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, lyoveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y..
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. HAM3AUGH, Escondido, Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

I Names of Bee-Keepers i

-TYRE "WRITTEIN

li

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at |2.oo per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per looo, but
I now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly,
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated.
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 378
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162

Dak.

Del..

Fla..

Ga...

Ind..

Ills.... 1375

Iowa . . 800

90

744

Ky

Kans..

La

Mo

Minn..
Mich. ..
Mags.. .

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y.. .
Neb.. .
N. J...
N. H. .

182

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

• •345

130

158

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 56
Oregon . . 104
Ohio...
Penn.. . .

R. I

S. C

Tenn

Tex

Utah

Vt 200

Va 182

W. Va 172

Wash 128

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

1 30c

912

46

40

176

. 270

i

i

The Bee-Keepers^

300,000 Acres of Wild Land
for sale, in the famous Fruit
Belt Region of Michigan, ai low
prices and on easy terms.

These lands are especially
adapted to fruit culture, all the
most desirable fruits beint^ cul-
tivated with especial success.

These uncultivated lands also
produce immense quantities of
wild berries, from which large
crops of honey are obtained, at
a good profit to the Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and cir-
culars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address: 2-0- jt

J. E. y^erritt,

GepM. A\gr,

A\icbiezvn l-zvod Co.,

If the

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its column.^
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publisher and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima
tion of the advertiser: and it en.
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

I
I

Bee -Keepers m Ho Fish-Bone

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer A\f5. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

g@"Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a Z'ery thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
J. VAfl DEUSEri,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

I

186

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

We are Jobbers of Bee -Keepers' Supplies in

Michigan

Representing- the G. B. Lkwis Co., and Dadant and
Son. Wholesale and Retail. Several Carloads con-
stantly on hand. Send for 40-pag-e illustrated catalog.

e^wi® %^o egi, ^^^ %ji^ v^ ooQisami^g

Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, j'et
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

OLD COMBS

wanted in exchang-e for Dovetailed

Beehives and other supplies. Our

goods are all of the best and latest
make.

Wood-Brush Bee-Hive &
Box Co.

12-03-tf UAflSiriG, ]VIICH-

m^MMUMa^MaaaaEiaa'^MuaajMMM^^^^aaauMaaa^MMMauMMa^auMMMUwiM

I Kretchuier Mfg. Company

a 3-04-4t

JR^JD OAK, IOWA E

Bee - Supplies

We carry a large stock
and great variety of eve-
rything needed in the api-
ary. Best Goods. X,owest
Prices. Prompt .S h i p-
ments. Send for catalog
and read description of
Alternating Hives and
Ferguson Svipers.

Agencies
Kretchmer Mfg. Co.,

Chariton, Iowa
Trester Supply Companj',
lyincoln. Nebraska
Sugart & Ouren,

Council Bluffs, Iowa
Falton & Ford,

Garden City, Kans.

ElElBlElBCElEIEiEIEiEiEiEllSlElEl^CIISlEiElQEtBElBElBISElEIBElEIBClCIEIElEIElElBEOEiEIBEiElEIEiElEi

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

187

^ Root's Goods Sold in

ID^HS HliV© S Michigan by M. H.

S HUNT & SON,

^® S Send For

\ catalog

Quality — You can produce better-looking honey. V

Quantity — You can produce more of it. ^

Price — You can get more per pound for it.

Tlh© C®snife<=>InI©jm©5^ 1
Points of Excellence

3-04-4' ^

The Danz Book of "FACTS ABOUT BEES"

S tells all about it, and what successful bee-keep-

ers say in favor of it. We want to send it to you,

Please send ^

to my address

" Facts About Bees

Adiiess.

Danz Hive Sold in Mich, by

Ho HuEEUt ®, S©I!i
Bell Branch, Migh.

fO^ake Your Own Hives.

J@ee ^ Keepers

Will save money by
usinj,'' our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hive?, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog^ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO..

384 Ruby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 04 igt

1^

188

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Pi

W-
ii
ii

fl

'm
M

m

li

Pi

m

m
m.

%
^i

W-
f'M

^%

%
%

i

i

Dadant's

Foundation

Wby Does it Sell so Well ?— Because it has always
given better satisfaction than any other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

We GuZvrZiptee Satisfaction— What more can any-
body do? Beauty, purity, firmness, no sagging, no
loss. Patent Weed Process of Sheeting.

Beeswax Wzvpted at all Tirnej— Send name for our
Catalog, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

Lapgjtroth on tbe Hooey - Bee, Revised. The
classic in bee-literature. $1.20 by mail.

DADAWT G- SON,

Harr)iltop, Illinois.

Is

ii

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m

m
%4

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m.
m

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L. C. G- A. G. WOOD/AAW, Gran<l R&pHs,

As«nts for AVicbigz^n

3-04-Iot

I^<»1.

m
m

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m

IT PAYS

to send 3'our orders a distance of 1,000 miles

FOR

BEE-SURRLIES

to R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis-

Mass., at 182 Friend St., is where
F. H. Farmer sells ROOT'S SUPPLIES
Send for free catalogue. Telephone!

Protbero & Arnold, DuBois

PENNSYLVANIA

Are handling Root's Goods in car

loads, at factory prices — wholesale and
retail. The best of shipping facilities.
3-04-41 Please mention the Review.

ORANGE BLOSSOMS.

Copyrighted, 1904, by H. E. Hill.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z, HDTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor,

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 15, 1904. NO. 6.

)raimtfe°Bl©®sm Yleldl

)p ^psurisnglyp

liciom^

BY W. S. HART.

MY cheeks have occasionally ting-led
because of the praise bestowed
upon some of my photographic efforts,
but there is another amateur in our
ranks to whom I most cheerfully doff
my hat — Mr. Harry E. Hill, editor of
the American Bee-Keeper. Many times
I have sent him some of my pictures,
but he always "g^oes me one better."
A short time ago he sent me such an
exquisite thing-, a spray of orange-
bloom, that I begg-ed of him to allow
me to use it as a frontispiece in the
Review. He replied that he already
had a cut made, and intended to use
it in his July issue, accompanied by
an article from Mr. W. S. Hart — and
now comes the wonderful part — in-
stead of saying-, as any other editor
would have said, "I shall be pleased
to lend it after the July Bee-Keeper is
out," what does Bro. Hill do, but
bundle up the cut and the article, and
send them along, saying: "Go ahead
and use them in the June Review; ex-
plain that they are to appear in the
July Bee-Keeper, but that you were

pennitted to use them Jirsi — fix it up
any way you choose." What editor,
having- a beautiful picture and an in-
teresting article, would thus turn them
over to one who might be termed a ri-
val, and allow him to use them first?
Only a man with a broad and g-ener-
ous mind, free from the petty jealous-
ies of common mortals. Once more
Bro. Hill has out-done me, and des-
troyed my last hope of ever "getting-
even with him."

All of my life I have felt that honey
from orange bloom, of all honeys,
ought to equal that far-famed nectar
that was "fit for the gods;" the very
name "orange-bloom," brings to the
mind exquisite imaginings of flavor,
aroma and perfume, and I am pleased
to learn, from reading Mr. Hart's ar-
ticle, that in thus allowing my imeig-
ination to run riot, no imperfect pic-
tures were formed; but, like Bro. Hill,
he, too, destroys a hope, that antici-
pation will ever be realized — that I
may some day taste honey from the
beautiful blossoms of the orange tree.

190

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Here is what Mr. Hart saj'^s — Ed.
Review.

Editor of The American Bee-
Keeper,

My Dear Sir: — The photograph of a
spray of orang-e blossoms, received
from you by tlie last mail, is the finest
that I have yet seen. I think it should
go into the American Bee-Keeper, and
thus give many, vrho know not even
the form thereof, an opportunity to see
what a really beautiful flower it is.

It is a matter of regret that photo-
graphic art cannot also catch the deli-
cious perfume, and fix it in the pic-
ture for the delight of those who live
too far away from the orange growing
States to allow of their enjoying, to the
full measure, this most charming pro-
duct of the Sunny South.

ORANGE BLOOM FURNISHES POLLEN
BUT NOT MUCH HONEY.

This picture will be of special inter-
est to bee-keepers, for, as a prolific
pollen, and less prolific honey, pro-
ducer, the orange blossom is a very
important factor in building up our
colonies in late February, March and
early in April (the period of bloom
varying somewhat in different years)
and starting them into the season with
an abundance of young bees.

HOW ALL THE SENSES MAY BE RE-
GALED IN AN ORANGE GROVE.

To him who is both a bee-keeper
and an orange grower, there are few,
if any, more pleasant experiences than
that of standing in the midst of the
glossy green, rich gold, and silvery
white, of his fruit and flower laden
trees, in early March, the air redolent
with the delicious perfume of the
blossoms, and full of music from the
busy hum of his bees. Then is the
time to pluck and eat of "The Fruit of
the Gods, ' ' while at its very best, and
thus arrive at the ideal condition of
man when every one of the five senses
are rationally gratified to an extent

seldom reached even in life's happiest
experiences.

WHAT ORANGE HONEY LACKS IN

QUANTITY IS MADE UP IN

QUALITY.

As a honey producer, the orange
blossom is often over-estimated as to
quantity, but never as to quality. Of
the latter too much can hardly be said ;
for I am sure that pure orange blos-
som honey has no superior in any one
of the three qualities, color, body or
flavor; the essentials that go to the
making of a perfect product. It is, in
fact, one of Nature's most nearly per-
fect productions; and, like most such,
quite limited in quantity. While
working among the orange trees the
bees seem brisk and happy, and re-
turn to their hives well-laden with
pollen pellets, but their honey sacs,
though invariably containing some
nectar, are never filled to repletion as
when gathering from the saw-palmetto
or mangrove bloom.

PURE, UNMIXED, ORANGE HONEY
SELDOM SECURED.

Owing to many tons of honey being
shipped from this State each year un-
der the mark of "Orange Blossom
Honey," an erroneous impression has
gone forth as to the quantity produced,
and its true characteristics. As this
honey all comes from locations to the
north, and outside of the orange
growing districts of the State, it is not
possible that it could have come from
the orange blossom. The explanation
offered for the use of the name is that
it "is used as a private brand," and
not intended to designate the source
from which the nectar was gathered.
In evidence that it is misleading, I
will state that I have repeatedly re-
peatedly received orders for "honey
from the orange blossom" with the
statement that the sender had used one
or more barrels of that kind and liked
it. I think I am safe in the assertion
that a barrel of pure orange blossom

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

191

honey was never shipped from this
State. It is onlj'^ in very fevv^ loca-
tions, w^here there are large orange
groves in full bearing, in the pine
wroods, as at DeLrand or Lake Helen,
tha.t pure orange honey is ever secured;
and even there in only limited quan-
tities. I would think it quite possible
that, at Riverside, California, it might
be gathered in an unmixed condition,
and appreciable quantity, and, pos-
sibly at other points in that great
State.

ORANGE HONEY IS WHITE, HAS A GOOD
BODY AND DELICIOUS FLAVOR.

When pure, its color is as white as
the whitest of clover honey; its body
even heavier, and its flavor superior,
to any other I have ever tasted. In
my own section of the "Orange Belt"
of Florida, it is invariably mixed with
dark honey from other flowers bloom-
ing at the same time, and its fine, dis-
tinctive qualities are thereby hidden,
to a greater or less extent.

Hawks Park, Fla., May 1, 1904.

>^¥^TmKimim.

>li®ml(d &e MaiiaMe<

BY G. A. OLMSTEAD.

\T7HOSE who have not tried shook-
-^ swarming do not realize what
they are losing, not only in satisfac-
tion and convenience, but dollars and
cents. If a man wishes to run out-
apiaries for comb honey, he m'ght as
well do without a good smoker as to
not practice shook-swarming. It en-
ables a bee-keeper to double and treble
his number of colonies, and increase
his income in proportion.

FAILURE IS IN THE MAN INSTEAD OF
THE PLAN.

Of course, some men have failed
with the plan, and probably some al-
ways will fail, but the trouble is in
the man, and not the plan. I know
from reading the experiences of others
that they do not do it at the right
Hnte, and in the right way. And there
is but little wonder at it; for the at-
tempt made by some to work it off
under some old name — some name that
has been used for years to designate
some particular or definite operation
about the hive — has led many to think

it could be done at any time, or when-
ever most convenient to the operator.
This is a mistake; for there is but one
time when we can make what / call a
real "shook-swarm. " That time is
when we find the bees preparing to
swarm naturally; and by "preparing
to swarm," I do not mean simply
"hanging out" or anything of that
order. They must be feeding a royal
larva, or, as we usually call it, build-
ing queen cells, at a time when we
usually expect our bees to swarm; and
the nearer ready to swarm they are, the
better; as they are in all respects in
better condition to start operations in
a new home. The nearer ready to
swarm they are when we shake them
out, the nearer the natural order of
things has been followed, or complied
with, and the bees are left in practic-
ally a normal condition. Another
effect of waiting until they are pre-
paring to swarm, is that we have to
deal only with those that would
swarm, leaving the others alone ex-
cept to keep them well supplied with
boxes. With me the non-swarmers

192

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

represent from fifty to seventy-five per
cent, of my colonies.

ADVANTAGES OF PLACING WEAK COL-
ONIES IN A SEPARATE LOCATION.

If you have out-apiaries, and in-
tend to practice shook-swarming-, it is
best to begin preparations when ready
to move the bees from home. First,
sort out all those that are weak, or
not likely to store any surplus, and
take them two or three miles away
from the locality where you expect to
secure your surplus, and leave them
wherever you can secure the rig'ht to
leave them, furnishing' them with full
sets of combs, and they will do the
rest. If you have time it may pay to
visit them at the beginning- of the
honey-flow, as some colonies will sur-
prise you by the amount of bees and
stores they have. Putting the weak
colonies by themselves, away from
competition, is better and far easier
than all the nursing and fussing you
can do. It not only gives the weak
ones a good chance, but it leaves the
whole field to the bees from which you
expect a surplus.

Another thing you might do, if you
can spare the time from the main
apiaries, is to go, just after the
swarming-season, and kill all the
queens. A few colonies may fail to
secure a laying queen afterwards, but
don't worry any over that, as those
that have good queens will be enough
better to make up for the loss of sev-
eral queenless ones.

When you can have your choice in
location, it is best to select a place
where the hives will be in the shade,
at least afternoons; and then put the
hives in rows, and number each hive.
Leave four or five feet between the
hives if possible.

HOW TO MAKE A "SHOOK-SWARM. "

We will now suppose that you have
them in rows running north and south,
with the numbers beginning at the
south end — 1, 2, 3, etc., toward the

north. Now let us suppose that you
visit this apiary on June 15, and,
after rousing up the whole colony in
No. 1 by the use of smoke, lifting off
heavy supers, and tearing the brood-
nest all to pieces, you learn that the
bees have queen cells that will be
sealed in about four days (with the
new plan mentioned in the February
Review the same information can be
secured in one minute, or less, and the
bees not know that anything has hap-
pened) ; the colon 3' could well be left
vmtil two days later, but, as you have
them all roused up, and filled with
honey, a very essential thing, it is bet-
ter to shake them.

. Take a full-sized brood-chamber,
having one empty comb, the rest of
the frames being supplied with inch
starters — this is supposing you want
no increase; if you want increase use
full sheets of foundation, but, in no
case, use more than one drawn comb, a
full one is better, as its only use is to
catch the first pollen. Shook-swarms
bring in some pollen, even while you
are at work with the colony, while a
natural swarm gathers almost none
for a day or two. These hives should
be kept on the ground in the shade if
possible. Put both hands under the
back end of the hive from which the
bees are to be shaken (No 1), raise it
a little and carry it around to the
right until it is nearly in line with the
row of hives. Now take the front end
and carry it around to the right one-
fourth of a circle, after which, with a
little changing, it will be one width of
the hive further south than it was or-
iginally, with the entrance to the
west instead of east, as before. Set
the empty hive on the old stand, re-
move the supers from this No. 1 to the
new hive, and then shake all the bees
ofl: the combs and hive, in front of the
empty hive, giving them a good sprink-
ling with water while they are on the
ground or going in. It has a wonder-
ful effect on them, and should be used

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

193

on all kinds of swarms. If you find
them on a tree, g'ive them a sprinkling-
with water the first thing- — you can
hold them in this way as long as you
wish; and when shook from the limb
in front of a hive, if you sprinkle them
instantly they will not fly up as they
otherwise often do. Put all the combs
and brood back into the old hive (No.
1), partly close the entrance, leaving
the north half open (next to the hive
containing the shook-swarm.) About
a week later change ends with hive
No. 1, and raise back end of the hive
containing- shook-swarm X or ^ of an
inch from the bottom board, resting it
on two little blocks. This makes an
entrance into which the bees that
leave the old hive (No. 1) will go and
thus reinforce the colony from which
you expect a surplus, and nearly iil-
ways stops after-swarming.

No. 1 will need no further care; and,
mark m3'^ word for it, will be in boom-
ing shape for the next season unless it
should fail to secure a fertile queen.

HOW TO MANAGE IF NO INCREASE IS
DESIRED.

If you have not wanted increase,
and have hived on starters, go, after
the honey flow, and put a queen-ex-
cluder over hive No. 1, set the new

hive over it, cut out all the nice, white
honey to sell for chunk honey, and
drive the few bees down with the
others or let them go at will, and carry
down all the broken or dark honey.
Extract from the one old comb, or
keep it for feeding.

If supers with plenty of partly filled
boxes and boxes with foundation are
given to a shook-swarm the bees are
so interested in filling them that they
often only partly fill the brood-nest
with comb.

I have followed this plan for twelve
years, and I don't think I have ever
had a colony abscond. Shook-swarm-
ing has enabled me to keep bees in
three Counties at once, with the loss of
only a few swarms. One apiary in
Livingston County, sixteen miles
southwest, another in Yates County,
twenty-three miles southeast, and my
home apiary; but it was too much for
one man to do as I had to do most of
the driving in the night. I have slept
in my buggy for hundreds of miles, so
faithful and trusty is my "bee pony"
as I call her. I now keep only about
175 colonies, but I feel just like shouting
"keep more bees" and run out-apia-
ries on the shook-swarm plan.

East Bloomfield, N. Y., May 6, '04.

g ILoiipge Yields ©ff E^tracti

BY E. W. ALEXANDER.

FIRST of all, look well to the qual-
ity of your honey, for upon this
one point, more, perhaps, than upon
any other, depends your success.
And right here let me thank all the
editors of our bee journals for the
advice they have always given, to put
only well-ripened honey on the mar-
ket. If you barrel up a lot of thin,

unripe honey, you do yourself much
harm, as no one will' knowingly buy
your honey the second time; and what
is still worse, you injure the sale of
extracted to those that have seen your
miserable stuff. This is something I
have been very careful about. During
my experience in producing extracted
honey, I have never put into a barrel

194

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

any honey weighing less than 12
pounds to the gallon, neither have I
ever had a pound of sour honey to
fuss with. Let your aim be to pro-
duce a good article, free from all im-
purities; put your name and address
on every package, and you will have
no trouble to sell it at a good price.

Another very important thing is to
so manage your bees so as to get a
large yield from them; for when you
realize that you are likely to receive
only from five to seven cents per pound,
you will see it takes a large quantity
to bring a fair income.

Still another thing to look after, is
to be sure you have enough honey left
in the hives at all times to carry the
bees safely through a honey dearth in
summer, or through a long, cold win-
ter. This is very necessary in this
locality as the mercury frequently
drops thirty, and sometimes forty, de-
grees in twenty-four hours, in either
winter or summer. About thirty
years ago, when I commenced to run
my bees for extracted honey, I found
it so easy to get their honey that I ex-
tracted too often, and when one of
those sudden changes came I would
have a large number of colonies on
the verge of starving.

HOW TO SECURE LARGE YIELDS.

And now I will tell you in as few
words as I can, how, with the help of
one of my sons, we produce extracted
honey. We get all of our colonies
strong in bees, and their hives full of
brood and capped honey, about two
weeks before we expect a harvest that
will give us some surplus. Then we
put a hive of empty combs on top of
each colony. This gives the queen
lots of room to lay, as she now has
full swing in eighteen combs. It also
checks the desire to swarm. We leave
them in this way until the harvest is
about to begin, when we put a wood-
zinc-queen-excluding honey-board be-
between the upper and lower stories.

being careful to have the queen in the
under hive.

In about ten days we commence to
extract, always being careful not to
extract combs containing much brood.
This management gives us a strong
colony until the harvest is over, which,
with us, is about September 1st, when
we are done extracting, and put
away the extra combs after the bees
have them all cleaned up.

I think I hear someone say: "What!
let the bees loose on the combs wet
from the extractor?" Yes, we fre-
quently set out three or four hundred
hives of wet combs on a bright, warm
afternoon, when the sun is about two
hours high. The bees will clean them
up in about an hour, and I have never
had a case of robbing, or any harm,
come from so doing, although I have
done it hundreds of times.

Something like thirty years ago,
Prof. Cook (I think it was) said that
it was not necessary for bees to cap
their honey in the combs before ex-
tracting, if we would ripen it suffi-
ciently ourselves before putting it into
barrels. This I tested thoroughly and
found the Professor was right. I
then had five tanks made, and lined
with tin, each one having a capacity
of over 4,000 pounds, which we used
as follows: Our apiary is on ground
sloping to the southeast. Our extract-
ing building is in the center of the
yard, while the storage tanks are in
another building enough below the
extracting house so that the honey
will run from the extractor through a
pipe into the top of either tank. These
tanks are covered with thin sheeting
so that the moisture can easily escape
from the honey; and, at the same time,
not allow an ant or a particle of dirt
to enter the tank. The honey goes
through a wire cloth strainer before it
enters the tank. These storage build-
ings are only about six and one-half
feet high, with a fiat, tin roof painted
dark to draw tlie heat. In this way

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

195

the honey keeps about as warm in the
tanks as it did in tlie hives before ex-
tracting-; and I think it ripens faster.
We have large faucets at the bottom of
the tanks to draw off the honey as
fast as it thickens; but it sometimes
g-ets ahead of us and we have a tank
of solid candied honey to dig out with
shovels, so, after a long- experience in
producing and selling hundreds of
tons of extracted honey, I am sure it
makes no difference whatever in the
quality of the hone}^ whether it is left
in the hive until the bees have it all
capped over nicely before extracting,
or whether it is extracted every five
or six days, provided it is ripened in
tanks, so it will weigh 12 to 13 pounds
to the g-allon, before it is put into
barrels. With our tanks and surplus
combs we can easily store 50,000
pounds of honey at one time, so we
don't have to put any into barrels un-
til it is well cured. This gives us a
chance to get a much larger yield
from our bees, and also with much
less work than we possibly could if
we allowed the honey to remain in the
hives until it was all capped over.
But, unless you have the proper facil-
ities for ripening it, donH extract a
pound until it is well ripened by the
bees. If you do, you will surely re-
gret it. Almost any man can produce
comb honey that will sell quite readily,
but it requires experience and skill to
produce extracted honey so it will al-
ways bring the highest market price,
and sell to the same parties year after
year, and, at the same time, keep all
colonies, at all times, well supplied
with capped honey to winter on. I
have known some men to extract as
often as they could get four or five
pounds from a colony. This is all
wrong. Others go to the other ex-
treme, and tier up their colonies until
they are six or seven hives high, and
then what a time they have to uncap
so much cold honey, and that at the
end of the season, when we can hard-

ly open a hive without having a swarm
of robber bees around. This, too, is
all wrong. One extreme is as bad as
the other.

We never extract any from the lower
hive, and seldom go over the yard, to
extract, more than six times during
the summer. We never think of ex-
tracting until the upper hive is full.
This upper story holds about forty
pounds, and if the harvest is such that
the bees have it filled in five or six
days, as they usually do, we extract
again. We always try to catch it if
we can just before the bees commence
to cap it over; in this way we save the
bees and ourselves a great deal of
hard, and unnecessary work, and we
get nearly twice the amount of honey.
Myself and two sons have extracted
from 270 hives in nine hours, or at the
rate of one hive of nine combs every
two minutes, returning the combs to
the bees, and closing up the hives in
good shape. This never could have
been done by three men if they had to
uncap every comb. As to the quality
of the honey, it would be so thick after
it had been in the tanks a short time
that it would hardly run through a
large molasses faucet; and as soon as
the weather commences to get cold it
candies up solid.

No, it is not necessary to let the bees
ripen your extracted honey if you will
run it from the extractor into a large
tank in a dry, well-ventilated room,
where the mercury remains above 100
degrees night and day. You will
soon have it so thick you will have to
use a shovel to handle it with.

And now, before I close this article,
let me again caution you to be ver3%
very careful not to put any thin, un-
ripe honey on the market. If you
cannot ripen it yourself, as I have
described, j'ou better leave it with the
bees a whole year, rather than spoil a
market that so many of us have work-
ed so long and so hard to build up.
Delanson, N. Y., Jan. 4., 1904,

196

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

o^mctlomic

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

MANY bee-keepers, having- a large
and successful experience with
natural swarming, getting good, pay-
ing crops of comb honey, seem to make
a failure of the brushed or shook-
swarm system; as we practice both
natural and shook-swarming, and can
see no difference in results, we pro-
bably can do no better, under the cir-
comstances, than to describe our meth-
od; and what is said will apply to
both natural and brushed swarms.

IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES IN COMB
HONEY PRODUCTION.

The first principle in the production
of comb honey is to so arrange the
super that it will be more attractive to
the bees than the hive proper. To il-
lustrate what is meant we will ar-
range a hive in the most likely way
not to get a crop of comb honey, and
then gradually change it around to
the most desirable condition.

The first condition would be a 10-
frame Langstroth hive full of combs,
furnished with a super having only
half inch starters of foundation in
the sections. Results: Hive nearlj' full
of honey, and a little brood, founda-
tion partly gnawed out of the sections,
then, swarming.

The next failure-plan would be to
substitute foundation for the combs.
Results, the same. Third, starters of
foundation in both brood-nest and
sections. Results: About 25 per
cent, of the swarms might make a
super of comb honey, each.

The next progressive step would be
to use full sheets of foundation in the
sections, with starters only in brood-
frames; then, if the super could have
a section of drawn comb in each corner.

and, in four days, if all of the combs
in the brood-nest, except five of the
most advanced ones, were removed,
and division boards or "dummies"
put in to shut off this unused space,
the principle would be the same as I
shall hereafter describe; only I shall
use the sectional hive to accomplish
this result.

The reader will please bear in
mind that swarms hived in the full
10-frame hives, like the first four
mentioned, have all the room they
need without going into the sections,
that bees prefer to work in tlie brood-
frames, rather than in the sections,
that the first three were arranged in
the very best possible condition to get
all the work done in the brood-frames,
that in the fourth the attractions of
the brood-nest and super were about
equal, and, with fair management, a
fair crop of surplus honey ought to be
secured, that in the fifth a new condi-
tion is brought forth, viz, contraction
of the brood-nest, ih.n% Jorcing the bees
into the supers. With this new con-
dition our preference would be to have
things exactly opposite to the first
three; that is, we would place worker-
combs first, foundation second, and
starters last.

The last named system is the one
we have adopted, only we think we
can get better results with the section-
al brood-nest, and, at the same time,
do the work very much better, and
more cheaply.

At our first visit we put supers of
sections on all swarms that we think
will need more room during the next
week; as this visit is usually two or
three days before the season is sup-
posed to open. If we have everything

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

197

ready, as we should, this will be all
there is to do this trip.

PUT "bait sections" in the corners

OF the supers.

The first supers we select for these
old colonies are arranged with one
section of drawn comb in each corner,
the rest of the sections being filled
with full sheets of foundation. These
combs at the corners start the bees to
work the corners Jirsl and that means
that they will work the sections alto-
gether, thus causing all the sections
to be sealed at nearly the same time.
The usual way of putting one bait-
comb in the center, causes this part
of the super to be finished, sealed, and,
perhaps, travel-stained, before the
outside sections are sealed, and ready
to come off. With our super arranged
with drawn combs in the comers, and
full sheets of foundation in the balance
of the sections, and with the blanket
of bees we get with these two fence
separators between the super and out-
side row of sections, (Pettit idea) we
have practically put our outside rows
in the center, as they are all finished
ai the same time, before there is a
particle of travel-stain, thus doing
away with the only objection there is
to leaving the super on until all the
sections are finished.

At our second weekly visit there
will not be very much to do. The
season has been open only three or
four days, and it is likely that the
honey-flow has been slow thus far. A
few more colonies are strong enough
to need a super; then there are always
a few colonies that think the first
thing to do, as soon as the honey sea-
son opens, is to swarm; so we will
look through the strong colonies for
any indications of swarming. We
can tell, by the entrance indications,
nearly all that are making prepara-
tions to swarm. There will be a few
we will be undecided about, and we

will look into perhtips, from one-fourth
to one-third of the colonies.

EXTERNAL INDICATIONS OF CELL
BUILDING.

How entrance indications enable us
to select those that are making pre-
parations to swarm is a little difficult
to explain. In the first place, we use
large entrances during the honey-flow,
about 34 X 14 V inches, and with the
amount of super-room given, there is
hardly ever any hanging out. The
heat of the day is the best time of the
day to read these indications. We
will go down through this south row,
and watch the entrances a moment.
These first three, here on this row,
are working with a vim that shows
very clearly that there is nothing on
their minds except the storing of all
the honey they can. Notice them
closel3^ There are no robbers to
bother them now, so there are no
guards on duty, and it seems as
though every bee was trying to see
how quickly it could run in after
alighting. And when they come out,
it is the same "hurrah boys." They
hardly stop running out before they
take wing, and are off. Does anyone
think they will swarm during the
next six days? I guess not. So, all
we do is to see to the super-room, and
pass on to the next. At the fourth
one, things appear dift'erent. We
don't find quite the energy that the
others had. The bees do more stand-
ing around at the entrance; then there
are a dozen or two fanning, showing
that the swarming-fever is keeping a
good many workers at home. These,
with the amount of young bees that
are hatching at this season, make
them feel crowded and warm. We
think they are making preparations to
swarm. We raise the cover. What
do we find? Just what we expected.
Every bee-space and empty section is
full of clustering bees; that swarming-
fever clustering we all know so well —

198

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

the last doubt is gone. We know
there is cell building going on. Let
us see. We will remove the super,
then pry the two sections of the hive
apart, using onlj^ enough smoke to
keep the bees quiet, draw the upper
section of the hive toward us, say, 10
inches, now lift the back end up until
the section stands on end, resting on
the lower section. Now we will gent-
ly puff in a little smoke along the
bottom-bars, just enough to keep the
bees out of the way, while we look for
cells. We look carefully along each
space. If they have cells nearly com-
pleted we will see them at a glance;
but, as we want to brush every swarm
that has eggs in queen cells, and these
little cell-cups are hard to find, some-
times, when we see a suspicious look-
ing cell, where we cannot see in it
otherwise, we use a knife to cut it out
so we can examine it. We will sup-
pose we find cell-building going on.
The two sections of the brood-nest are
set to one side (we stand them on end),
then one of these shallow (empty)
bodies is placed on the bottom-board,
then a body or section filled with
drawn combs, or full sheets of foun-
dation, is placed on top of the empty
body, then, on top of this, the super
that we had previously removed from
this same colony. Next, we set one
section of the brood-nest on top of all,
and, with smoke in good trim, gently
commence smoking the bees down into
the new hive. When the bees are out
of this section, it is removed, and the
other half is treated the same.

MANAGEMENT THAT DEPENDS UPON
WHETHER INCREASE IS DESIRED.

We will suppose we do not want
increase, then these beeless sections
are to be placed on weak colonies for
the brood to hatch out, and the combs
to be filled with early honey for win-
ter use. In this case we want to leave
all the workers at the old stand, so,
when we have them nearly all smoked
out, with only a few left along the

bottom - bars, the section is stood on
end near the entrance, and, with a
Cogshall brush, and a little more
smoke, we finish cleaning it of bees.

In this case we always get the
queen with the bees, but we will sup-
pose we are going to save this brood
and build it up into a swarm; we then
must leave enougli bees to take care of
the brood. We proceed just the same
except that we stop smoking when we
get out the desired number of bees.

In about one out of ten colonies
treated in this manner, we fail to get
tlie queen. For this reason we number
the brood-nests and the new swarms
with corresponding numbers, and anj^
new swarm in which we fail to get a
queen, will show signs of queenless-
ness in less than an hour. We then
look for the corresponding number,
and go and find the queen. Many
find the queen in this way by the use
of a queen excluder placed between
the brood and the new hive below, she
being unable to get through, is left on
top of the excluder. Any increase
that is made with this brood should
be supplied with a laying queen.

The worst drawback of this "once
a week" visit system, is the swarming
out a day or two after the brushing.
There probably is no larger per cent,
than with natural swarming, but with
the natural swarming system there is
some one present to take care of them,
while with this system there is not.
Perhaps an entrance-guard of per-
forated zinc, during the first week
would help matters

This empty body that is placed un-
der the new swarm is removed a week
later, at our next visit. Some fill this
lower body with brood-frames, prepar-
ed the same as those the swarm is to
occupy, but there are two reasons why
the empty body is the better: The
first and probably the greatest reason
is, tliat with combs, or foundation, in
it, the bees neglect the sections, and
work here instead; but with this body

THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW

199

empty there is a greater attraction in
the sections, as tlie sections have at
least full sheets of foundation. The
other reason is that it is so much less
work to f^et the bees out of our empty
body than one filled with frames.
Then, this unbroken space that the
frameless body furnishes, makes a
fine place for the swiirm to cluster
while they are getting settled down to
work, and we think the bees will stay
better when hived with this lower
body empty. It would be preferable
to remove this lower body about the
fourth day after hiving, but, working
on the weekly visit plan, we have to
leave them under during tliis time.
My! how the bees do rush into the
sections when this body is removed,
thus forcing them above. As they have
a brood-nest capacity of only five Lang-
stroth frames, they will need plenty of

super-room, especially if it is earlj' in
the honey-flow.

SECURING BRES AND STOKES FOR
WINTER.

We will suppose the season is draw-
ing to a close. Our new swarm that
we have been talking about, has only
one-half the brood-nest it will need to
breed up for winter, and to hold the
necessary winter stores, so, instead of
giving a super of sections, we will
give back the other section of the
brood-nest. If it contains full sheets
of foundation, place it on top of the
other section of brood; if drawn comb,
place it underneath. If we have man-
aged right, and made a good guess
on the duration of the flow, we should
have not many unfinished sections
with this management.

Remus, Mich., April 11, 1904.

BY JAS. A. GREEN.

1 have read with a great deal of in-
i terest what has been said at various
times in regard to self-spacing frames,
which generally has reference to the
Hoffman frame in the Dovetailed hive;
since that is the frame and hive that
has been sold of late years in far great-
er numbers than any other.

GETTING OUT THE FIRST FRAME DIF-
FICULT AND EXASPERATING.

This hive and frame are in almost
universal use here, and, as bee In-
spector, I have handled several thou-
sand of them during the past season;

and I want to say that I heartily en-
dorse every word that has been said
against them. I wish that I had lan-
guage at my command to express my
detestation of them as commonly found.
Whatever may be the good points of
the Hoffman frame under proper hand-
ling, they almost utterly disappear
under the management of the average
bee-keeper. To get out the first frame
is a task that is almost always diffi-
cult— often exasperatingly so. Nine
times out of ten, or more, the only
way is to cut loose the brace combs
along the most likely looking frame,

200

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

and pry it straight up, a procedure
that is not g^ood for the frame, the bees,
or the temper of the operator. What a
relief it is to come across an apiary
owned by a bee-keeper of the old
school, with its plain hanging frames
that have always been kept properly
spaced!

HOFFMAN FRAME CAME INTO USE BE-
CAUSE IT WAS PUSHED.

Since these frames are in such gen-
eral use, it is a serious question, and
it behooves the bee-keepers of this land
to see if some improvement cannot be
made. I agree with you that this
frame came into such extended use be-
cause it has been pushed by the A. I.
Root Co. It has been ordered largely
because it has been sold largely. The
average bee-keeper does not know
what he wants and takes what is rec-
ommended to him. If the manufac-
turers could be persuaded to have anoth-
er revelation, or if they would make
some improvement that would do away
with its most objectionable features, it
would be a blessing to the bee-keeping
public. Its faults are not inherent or
unavoidable. I am not like some that
have condemned the hive. I use self-
spacing frames and like them. If I
were to start over again, I would not
use anything else, but my frames are
almost as easilj' handled as the loose
hanging frame, and far easier than
the Hoffman.

The Hoffman frames have one thing
in their favor. They are generally in
not much, if any, worse condition in the
apiary of the man who hives a swarm
in the back corner of the orchard, and ,
does not go near it more than two or
three times a year, than in the apiary
that numbers its hundreds of colonies.
The loose-frame hive in which a swarm
hived by the man who drops the hive
and runs a foot race as soon as the
bees are shaken down, not to look into
the hive again for weeks or months, is

sometimes not exactly an easj' thing to
manipulate.

THE "follower" sent OUT WITH

HOFFMAN FRAMES IS TOO

FLIMSY.

The principle of the Hoffman frame
requires that the frames should be
crowded close together at the close of
each manipulation, and that space
should be available to pry the frames
apart to get out the first one easily.
An attempt is made to provide for this
by a follower-board at the side of the
hive, but the space between the follow-
er and the side of the hive is not suf-
ficient, so that it is almost invariably
stuck fast, while it is made in such a
flimsy way that it will come to pieces
before it can be removed. If this fol-
lower were made more substantially,
and a little more space allowed back
of it, a careful operator could get along
with it very well. But, since experi-
ence has shown that very few people
will take sufficient pains with such a
frame, something that is nearer "fool
proof" is needed. Perhaps for the great
majority' of bee-keepers, a plain, sim-
ple, hanging frame, with some plain,
cheap spacing device that would hold
the proper number of frames the prop-
er distance apart until the combs were
built, and then could be throivn away,
would be the best thing.

Grand Junc, Colo., Nov. 14, 1903.

[Last fall, after publishing- an arti-
cle setting forth my troubles as In-
spector when I had Hoffman frames to
handle, I received a perfect deluge of
letters and articles somewhat similar
to the above. I did not publish them,
as I felt that, perhaps, enough had
been said on the subject at that time.
As one of the manufacturers, Mr.
Root, has just published an article in
which the Hofl'man frames are more
severely condemned than I have con-
demned them, I feel that no exceptions
can be taken if I publish one of the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

201

most reasonable articles that I receiv-
ed last fall. I honestly believe that
the introduction of the Hoffman frame
has been a step backwards, but I also
wish to do justice to their manufactur-
ers, so I copy a few paragraphs from
the reply made by the editor of Glean-
ing's to his correspondent.

The Hoffman frame, like every other
g-ood thing-, is not perfect. Supply-
dealers have learned that bee-keepers
are a peculiar lot. What one uses and
praises, another will condemn; and
the strange part of it is, the "condemn-
er" does not see how the "praiser"
can possibly use such a useless device.
We find examples of it in the prefer-
ences for kinds and styles of sections;
stj'les of separators; kinds of smokers;
etc.

The reader will pardon what may
seem to be something like a trade talk;
but there are hundreds of people who
wise to know the truth on both sides,
and we have given both sides of the
question. Let me emphasize more
strongly than I have done already the
fact that a device that is regarded as
simply perfect by one bee-keeper may
be condemned to the extent of absolute
abhorrence by another one. Supply-
manufacturers have been compelled to
meet the need of various preferences
by furnishing several different kinds
and styles of frames — frames shallow,
frames Langstroth depth, frames
Quinby depth, frames unspaced, part
closed -end frame, and closed end
throughout, etc. The same variation
exists in the hives and in the supers.

I think it is true that a great many
people buy articles because they are
recommended by the manufacturers.
For this reason they ought to be very
careful what they recommend; but
manufacturers have preferences just
the same as other folks have them, and
have a right to express them, and they
make no claim to infallibility. They
are also very anxious to know what
will please their customers, and to
furnish what is wanted, and I pre-
sume nothing would please manufac-
turers better than to have all custom-
ers suited with one style of frame and
hive. As it is, they must furnish

everal styles, and, so long as custom-

ers have a choice, there is not so very
much ground for complaint.

There is one more point, however,
that I would like to mention, and that
is, if customers would be out-spoken
in regard to their preferences, espec-
ially when manufacturers are trying
to introduce something new, things
would sometimes go differently. So
many people have not the courage of
their convictions. If they don't like a
thing that some leader is pushing-, they
have not the courage to come out and
oppose it. To illustrate: One man
wrote me last fall, something as fol-
lows: "When the Hoffman frames first
were advertised and praised I bought
enough for 100 hives, and when I came
to use them, I was never so disappoint-
ed in my life. I don't see how any-
body could have praised them as they
were praised — certainly not if he had
used them. I had combs in them, and
it was a serious matter. Finally, I
took my knife and whittled off the
V-edge from every frame. It was a
big job, but there was no other way.
I have never said anything about this,
as Ernest Root is a pretty good fellow,
and I didn't want to hurt his feelings.''''
I expect there are a whole lot of users
of Hoffman frames that are in exactly
the same boat as this friend, and I
wish to say to them, that I think I
know Ernest Root well enough to be
able to say that you will not hurt his
feelings in the least if you will write
to him fairly and kindly and tell him
of any point, about any of their goods,
that you don't like.

I have no doubt that there are men
who prefer the Hoffman frame, but I
do doubt if there is a man in this
country, who, if filling the office of In-
spector of apiaries, would not soon be-
gin to recognize that great wave of
thankfulness that sweeps over the
heart when a hive-cover is raised and
the plain, straight, old-fashioned, so-
called, all-wood frames greet the eye,
— Ed. Review.]

202

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

J»U»^i^U»*^U»\i;r»^lt»»i.»^,»U«».»u»^^^t»lr^U"¥^^^V»'U»1i^^L»^Jnt«^.»^»»^*''^^1i«'»^^»».F»F^»^^'»jr»^U»^

ntoirl

«i«n<«ir« »^ir^«^«'«»^jr^<»«'« «^«^«T*ir« «^#R«ml<^■•n^^*^■•»»^i^^«^^lr« «T^«-»«^i^*'«ir« <«^^«^«'« i»«'«.<m«'« ^»«^*««'« •"■^m^nir* ^nM'.^*^-'*.

Economy does not always mean
the saving' of money — sometimes it's
the spending- of money.

■M^u^M^^^-m^t^

Wedding Bells have recently chim-
ed for two of the veterans in our ranks
— Mr. F. Danzenbaker, and Mr. Henry
Alley. Hearts never grow old; and
the Review wishes abundant happi-
ness to these.

^^^^K^rftrf^W^

This Isssue of the Review goes to a
large number of bee-keepers who are
not subscribers. Such readers will
find something of special interest on
pages 218, 219, and 220.

'mAli^-uM^^li'^^

For Four Months now, in succes-
sion, has it been necessary to add
eight extra pages to the Review, on
account of the amount of advertising
that has been offered.

u>ni^Vffc«»*u«

If you have an enemy, some one with
whom you would like to "get even,"
let me tell you how to do it. Do your
work, your common, everyday-work,
so well that even j^our enemy must look
on with admiration.

^^^^•(^jfK-u^uM

White Clover is unusually abun-
dant here this year, as is usually the
case after a hard winter. The man
who has wintered his bees will get a
good crop and a good price for it.
This lesson should sink deep into the
hearts of bee-keepers. Always pre-
pare the bees for just such a winter,
and winter them in such a way that
they will come through. Here in the
North it means abundance of good
vStores and excellent cellar-protection.

The Texas Bee-Keepers' Assoc-
iation will hold its convention July
5th to 8th, inclusive, at College Station,
during the time of the Farmers' Con-
gress. Thej' have a long and varied
program that would do credit to that
of a National Convention.

«",«^**«'««H.rH

General Manager France, at the
St. Louis convention, will have a large
map of the United States and Europe,
with shelves arranged on each State,
and on each shelf pound-bottles con-
taining samples of the honeys produc-
ed in said State.

**^*^n^n. tHM\

Queens mating more than once is a
subject that is now being touched
upon in the bee journals. In the last
issue of the Review I asked if it were
not possible that old queens sometimes
mated again, and gave as proof of
such mating that tested queens which
I had sold had afterwards been report-
ed as producing hybrids. Mr. F. N.
Somerford suggests that such results
might have come from the queen having
been superseded, and explains how it
might have come about without the
knowledge of the bee-keeper. Not if
the queens were clipped, as was the
case in some of these instances.

British Bee-Keepers have good
reason for being justly proud of the
man who edits their one bee journal —
Mr. Thomas W. Cowan. I was re-
minded of this by the receipt of the
most beautiful bee book that it has yet
been my good fortune to see — "The
Honey -Bee; Its Natural History, An-
atomy and Physiology," by Mr. Cow-
an. It is profusely illustrated, beau-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

203

tifully printed on enameled paper, and
bound in red leather with g'old letters
and desig-n. Typog-raphically, it is a
g'em; and I onlj' wish I possessed the.
knowledge that would enable me to
intelligently review its contents, but
nearly all of my experience has been
along- commercial, instead of scientific,
lines. All honor to the scientist who
thus lays the foundation for commer-
cial success.

^.'^''^^li^ii'^^

Even-Finishing of all of the sections
throughout the case is very important.
The reason is that when all of the sec-
tions are finished at once, the whole
case may be taken oif at the same time.
There is no waiting, until the central
sections are travel-stained, for the cor-
ner sections to be finished. Mr. Pettit,
of Canada, has for years urged the
desirability of using a perforated sep-
arator on the outside of the outside
row of sections, thus securing a
"blanket" of bees, as Mr. Townsend
puts it, all around the sections. Mr.
Townsend also encourages the even
finishing of the sections by putting the
"bait-sections" in the corners instead
of in the center, as many used to place
them. I see, by reading the journals,
that there is quite a general tendency
to use separators outside the outside
rows of sections, and I think it is de-
cidedly a move in the right direction.

* ■^t»-«.»>,»UF^*

The Ladies' Home Journal, a
well-known magazine of enormous cir-
culation, is guilty of publishing that
old newspaper canard about artificial
comb honey. It appears in an article
written by a Dr. Emma E. Walker,
and published in the June issue, on
page 36 — third paragraph of second
column. I have written the editor a
long letter, giving the origin and ef-
fect of this story, and urgently asking
him to make the proper correction. I
also called his attention to the fact
that, if Dr. Walker can produce a

pound of artificial comb honey, she can
thus prove the truth of her assertions
and, at the same time, secure one
thousand dollars offered by the A.I.
Root Co. I have also written to the
other editors and asked them to write,
and I most earnestly urge every read-
er of the Review to write to the editor
of the Ladies' Home Journal iind ask
him to make the proper correction.
Let us deluge him with protests, and
compel a correction. We can't allow
such an assertion to stand uncorrected
in such a periodical as the Ladies'
Home Journal.

**«^«^jr»«^ir^

Hatching eggs over a hive of bees
has been reported occtisionally, but
there always seems to be some sort of
vaguery about the reports. They have
not come direct, but have always been
in the nature of a report that some one
had heard of some one who had suc-
ceeded. It is doubtful if any eggs
were ever hatched in this manner.
The normal temperature of a colony of
bees never goes above 100 degrees,
while the temperature of a fowl is 105
degrees. The temperature of a colony
of bees is not high enough to hatch the
eggs of a fowl. Incubators for hatch-
ing eggs are kept at a temperature
above 100 degrees, while the brood of
bees will not endure such a tempera-
ture, as I learned to my sorrow when
using a lamp nursery in hatching out
queens. I several times tried to hatch
hens' eggs in the lamp nursery, which
was kept at a temperature of about 97
degrees, but never succeeded. The
germ would seem to begin to grow and
red veins would branch out from it, and
then development would cease and re-
main the same, even though the e^^
remained in the lamp nursery for sev-
eral weeks.

•%>^»^f>tr^WM^

uncapping honey — HOW TO TREAT
THE HONEY KNIFE.

A large share of the work of produc-
ing extracted honey is that of uncap-

204

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ping the combs. Some day we may
have an uncapping machine, but, at
present, we must depend upon the
knife. The Bing-ham is really the
only uncapping knife worth consider-
ing. First, it must be kept sharp.
Next, it must be kept free from honey
and wax. This can be accomplished
by having two or three knives, stand-
ing them in water when not in use.
As soon as a knife becomes daubed up
and sticky with honey and wax, drop
it into a dish of water and pick up a
clean knife. The water soon dissolves
off the honey leaving the knife clean
and ready for business. Whether the
knife shall be kept in hot water, or
whether the water shall be cold, de-
pends upon circumstances. If the
extracting is done in hot weather, and
the combs uncapped as soon as taken
from the hives, while the honey is
warm, fresh and comparatively thin, a
cold knife is preferable; but if the ex-
tracting is not done until the season is
over, when the honey and combs are
stiffer from ripeness and lower tem-
perature, then the hot knife is more
desirable.

SUCCKSS DEPENDENT UPON MANY
THINGS.

Successful men are often asked why
they have succeeded — to give the secret
of their success. It can't be given in
a few words; in short, there is no
"secret of success;" it is the result of
many things. I was in a dentist's
chair the other day when a farmer
came in to talk with the dentist about
furnishing him with butter. The
dentist fell to talking with the farmer,
trying to find out why his butter was
superior: Was it because of what he
fed the cows, was it because he didn't
keep the cream until it was too old, or
was it because he churned it at a cer-
tain temperature, or was it this or was
it that? The farmer replied that but-
ter might be poor because some of
the points mentioned were neglected,

and it might be one, or more, of a
great many other things. The dent-
ist replied, "I see; it is something
Irike this: If a filling drops out of a
tooth before the patient gets down
stairs, there is always a reason for it,
but it may be one of a thousand
things. "

Then, as is often the case, I fell to
moralizing, or philosophying. Suc-
cess does not come from a single idea,
but from careful attention to many
things. The secret of a bee-keeper's
success is not in location alone, nor in
the kind of stock that he has, nor of
the methods of manipulation. It comes
from the proper combination of many
things; and the neglect of one factor
may destroy the effectiveness of others
most excellent in themselves.

•uiTM't^^funMn.

OVERSTOCKING.

Mr. F. N. Somerford, in writing
from Cuba has the following to say on
the subject of over-stocking.

"Mr. H. C. Morehouse, in his arti-
cle in the May Review, over looks, or
ignores, a very important point, viz. ,
that overstocking renders it impossible
to have a large per cent, of strong col-
onies. A location not overstocked,
means a larger per cent, of strong col-
onies and big yields. Overstocking
means more work to keep the colonies
up to a given number, and greater
winter-losses.

I have an apiary now located be-
tween two others, and it has given me
only three barrels of extracted, and
one crate of comb, honey; and I feel
certain that had there been no other
bees in the vicinity, I would have se-
cured a medium yield, as was the case
at other ranches having an open terri-
tory, or cut off upon only one side.

I have another apiary where, three
years ago, 40 colonies did splendidly
through the spring, and were built up
to 200 colonies by swarming, divisions,
and bringing in bees from other yards,
and now they nearly starve in spring

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

205

while other yards with not so many
bees easily hold their own.

Native apiaries, when they increase
up to several hundreds of colonies,
soon drop back, losing' from 50 to 80
per cent, from starvation — not during
the honey-flow, of course, but after-
wards, from lack of stores."

«-»«»*»jlH«Hl^

SPECIALIST AND AMATEUR.

I have always believed in, and plead
for speciality. I think a man makes
the greatest success by following- one
line of business. I do not mean by
this that he shall never turn his hand
to anything else. A man can confine
himself so closely to one thing as to
become narrow-minded. He should
know something of many things. As
a rule it is also well if a man has
some kind of recreation — something
that he does simply from the love of it,
the same as a child plays, and not
simply for the money he may make.
There is certainly room for amateur
bee-keepers.

Right here let me say a word or two
about the meaning of the word "ama-
teur." Too man3' use it it in the same
sense that they use "novice," or "be-
ginner. ' ' So many bee-keepers in writ-
ing me, or when talking with me, will
say that they have only commenced to
keep bees, that they have only a few
colonies, etc., and then they end by
saying "I am only an amateur." The
man who uses this expression on such
occasions usually means that he is
only a "novice." The dictionary says
that an amateur is "one who cultivates
any study or art, from taste or attach-
ment, without pursuing it profession-
ally." Now, an amateur may also be
a novice and a bungler, or he may be
as skillful, yes, more skillful, than a
professional. As I have already said,
we need th^ amateur. As a rule, he
is more given to thought and experi-
ment than is the case with his profes-
sional brother. If I mistake not,
some of the best inventions have come

from amateurs. I recently had the
pleasure of making the acquaintance
of Mr. David Cook, one of the Profes-
sors in the Illinois college of photog-
raphy, and he told me that there is a
class of amateur photographers who
are decidedly the leaders, as compar-
ed with the great mass of profession-
als. They are the ones who try the
new plates, and new papers, and new
processes. The professionals are too
busy to bother with these things; be-
sides, many of them are quite inclined
to get into ruts. The amateurs take
up new things, and demonstrate their
superiority until the professionals are
compelled to adopt them.

<^M^^nir»«n^i»

HOW SHALL OFFICERS FOR THE NA-
TIONAL ASSOCIATION BE NOMI-
NATED?

The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion has been prospering of late in a
way that it has never prospered be-
fore. It is rapidly increasing in num-
bers and in wealth. It is to be hoped
that the end is not yet; that it will go
on and on, and not only increase in
numbers and wealth, but do more and
more good for bee-keepers. The suc-
cess of an organization is largely de-
pendent upon the men who manage its
affairs, and the rules and regulations
for their election should be such that
the officers are really and truly the
free and unhampered choice of the
members. Since the organization of
this Association, I believe every officer
elected by a vote of the members, at
the annual election held in December,
has succeeded himself. So far as I
know, no harm has resulted from this
practice, but there is no knowing how
soon we might wish to elect a successor
to some one of the officers. Because we
have never seen the necessity for elect-
ing a successor to a Director, or a
General Manager, is no sign that we
never will. It may become apparent,
sometime, that a rnan is not fit for the

206

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

position he occupies, or circumstances
may exhibit some other man's qualities
in such a light as to show, decidedly,
that he is the best possible man for a
Director or a General Manager. The
constitution is now changed so that the
President, Secretary and Vice Presi-
dent are to be elected by a vote of the mem-
bers at the annual election, the same
as we have been electing the Directors
and the General Manager. I approve
of the change, but this same objection
comes up; we will probably keep right
on electing the same men right over
year after year. With our present
method it would be simply impossible
to vote an undesirable man out of
ofifice, and vote in the better man. We
can not come publicly and say that
Mr. Blank is behind the times, or too
slow, or lacking in business methods,
or neglects his business, or has this or
that fault. It would be too cruel, and
could not be thought of for an instant;
but, if we were in the habit, each year,
of nominating, say, two candidates for
each officer that is to be elected, there
would then be an opportunity for voting
this man out of office,, and electing his
successor. When two men are nomi-
nated for the same office, it is not
considered a reflection upon the one not
elected, as it is simply impossible to
elect both.

The weak point, or, at least one of
the weak points, in the management
of the National Association, is that
no nominations are made in advance
of election. I believe that the ballot,
the actual power of electing officers,
should remain right where it is — in the
hands of the members — but so long as
no one knows how, or for whom, his
neighbor will vote, each officer will
simply succeed himself.

One of the recent amendments to the
constitution allows the Directors to
prescribe rules and regulations in
regard to nominations, and I believe
some action ought to be taken along
this line before it comes time for the

annual election next November. When
this question was up for discussion
two years ago, Mr. W. F. Marks pro-
posed that the Secretary, General
Manager, or President, send out
notices, in August, to the bee journals,
requesting each member of the Asso-
ciation to send, on a postal, his pref-
erence for each officer that is to be
elected. On the first of October such
votes are to be counted, and the two
men receiving the greatest number of
votes for a certain office are to be the
nominees for that office. Such nomi-
nations are to be published in the
October journals, thus allowing a
month for canvassing before the elec-
tion in November.

This would give all, who wished to
do so, a chance to take part in the
nomination of candidates, without
prejudice, and at the election follow-
ing they would again have a choice of
two candidates, for each office. It is
quite likely it would often happen that
the man in office would be one of the
nominees, but there would also be
another candidate, and if an}' voter
did not think the old officer was a
suitable man for the position, he would
know for whom some other man would
vote if he held similar views. If the
officer were re-elected, it would show
that the members still preferred his
services, but there would be an im-
mense satisfaction all around if it were
known that the members could have
elected some other man if they had
preferred him.

I have in mind the making of a mo-
tion for the adoption of this plan, but,
before doing so, I would like to have
the benefit of any criticisms or sugges-
tions that any one can make.

■kjr»«i^U»«-«ar-^

BEE-KEEPING AS A BUSINESS.

In reply to the quer}', "What will
best mix with bee-keeping?" I have
always replied: "Some more bees."
When the conditions are favorable, I
am decidedly in favor of bee-keeping

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIKW

207

as a specialty — of dropping' all hamper-
ing' pursuits, and turning' the whole
capital, time and energ'ies into bee-
keeping. If bee-keeping can not be
made profitable as a specialty, then it
is unprofitable as a subsidiarj' pursuit.
If bee-keeping must be propped up
with some other pursuit, then we bet-
ter throw away bee-keeping, and keep
the prop. General farming is very
poorly adapted for combining with
bee-keeping, yet the attempt is proba-
bly made oftener than with any other
pursuit. There are critical times in
bee-keeping that will brook no delay,
when three or four days' or a week's
neglect may mean the loss of a crop,
and these times come right in the
height of the season, when the farmer
is the busiest. Leaving the team and
reaper idle in the back field while the
farmer goes to the house to hive bees
is neither pleasant nor profitable.
Drawing in a field of hay, while the
bees lie idle because the honey has
not been extracted to give them storage-
room is another illustration of the
conditions with which the farmer-bee-
keeper has to contend. The serious
part of it is that the honey thus lost
may be worth nearly or quite as much
as the hay that is saved. Some special
lines of rural pursuits, like winter-
dairying or the raising of grapes, or
winter-apples, unite with bee-keeping
to much better advantage than general
farming; but when bee-keeping is capa-
ble of absorbing all of the capital,
time and energy that a man can put
into it, why divide these resources
with some other pursuit? It has been
said that bee-keeping is a precarious
pursuit, that it can not be depended
upon, alone, to furnish a livelihood,
and, for this reason, it should be join-
ed with some business of a more sta-
ble character. It is true that there are
many localities where there is often a
season in which little or no honey is
secured, and, in the Northern States,
winter-losses are sometimes very heavy,

hence it would be risk}' to depend
entirely for a living upon keeping bees,
in a limited way, in such localities;
but, if the average profit from bee-
keeping, one year with another, is not
the equal of other rural pursuits, why
keep bees? The truth of the matter is
that it is more profitable; and if bee-
keepers would only drop everything
else, and adopt methods that would
enable them to branch out and keep
hundreds of colonies where they now
have dozens, they would secure enough
honey in the good years to more than
carry them over the poor years, and
thus not only make a living, but lay
up money.

When a man decides to cut loose
from everything else and go into bee-
keeping extensively, making ithisonly
and his life-business, the question of
all questions is that of locality. There
are few localities in which a small
apiary might not yield some surplus,
but when a man is to make of bee-
keeping his sole business, the securing
of the best possible location is time
and money well spent. What a good,
solid foundation is to a "skyscraper,"
a good location is to the building up
of a successful, extensive bee business.
Having settled in a locality, the bee-
keeper can not study it too thoroughly.
Especially must he understand its
honey resources; the time when each
flow begins, its probable duration, its
quantity and character. He must
know whether to expect a spring-flow,
like that from dandelion, hard maple,
or fruit-bloom, that will build up the
colonies for the main harvest that is to
come later. If there is likely to be a
season of scarcity between the early
flow and the main harvest, it must be
known and preparations made to keep
up brood rearing b}' means of feeding
or the uncapping of honey. The man-
agement will depend largeU' upon the
source of the main honej'-flow, whether
it be raspberry, clo^er, basswood,
buckwheat, alfalfa, sage or fall floW'

208

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ers. Whatever the source, the bee-
keeper must know when to expect it,
and plan to have his colonies in exact-
ly the rig-ht condition to g-ather it when
it comes. This is one of the funda-
mental principles of successful bee-
keeping'.

Having secured the most desirable
location, the next step is to procure
the best kind of bees that can be ob-
tained. There are several different
varieties of bees, each with its pecul-
iarities, but, aside from this, every
bee-keeper who has had experience
with several strains of the same vari-
ety, knows that some strains are far
superior to others — that there is scrub-
stock among- bees, just as there are
scrub-horses, cattle, sheep and poultry.
With scrub-stock, the cost of hives,
combs and other appliances remain the
same; it is no less work to care for such
stock; and it requires the same amount
of honey to raise and feed it as it does
the best stock in the world. In propor-
tion to its cost, no investment bring-s
the bee-keeper g^reater profit than the
securing- of superior stock.

Having secured a g-ood location, and
good stock, the bee-keeper should adopt
such hives, implements and methods as
will enable him to branch out, estab-
lish out-apiaries, and keep a large
number of colonies. At the present
time the great failing of professional
bee-keepers is the keeping of too few
bees — of clinging to some other ham-
pering pursuit. Many keep enough
bees to furnish them a fair living in a
good season, but when winter-losses,
and poor honey seasons follow one
another in quick succession, there is
suffering, or, at least, great inconven-
ience. If a man is going to follow bee-
keeping as a profession, his only hope
of success is in a good location, good
stock, and the keeping of bees in such
numbers that when a good year comes
he can pile up the honey ton upon
ton — enough to keep him several years.
The larger a business th? more cheap-

ly can it be conducted in proportion to
the results ; not only this, but the very
fact that bees are scattered about in
out-apiaries, several miles apart, adds
to the certainty of the crop; as one
locality often yields a fiiir crop while
another only a few miles away yields
nothing.

It has been urged against bee-keep-
as a sole pursuit that, while it keeps
a man very busy during the summer
it leaves him idle in the winter.
Bee-keeping, rightly managed, will
keep a man busy every day in the
year. Too many bee-keepers fail to
realize that the selling of a crop is ful-
ly as important as its produc-
tion. The business part of bee-
keeping has been sadly neglected. No
set rule can be given as to how a man
shall dispose of his crop, but it does
seem like very poor business manage-
ment to send away a crop of honey to
some commission merchant, and then
sit around all winter when good wages
might be made selling honey direct to
consumers, or to retail dealers. The
selling of the crop, and the prepara-
tions for the coming season, may well
occupy a man during the winter.

It should be understood, however,
that bee-keeping is not an occupation
in which one can easilj' become weal-
thy. In this respect, it is much like
other rural pursuits. Rightly manag-
ed, in a locality adapted to the busi-
ness, it can be depended upon to fur-
nish a comfortable living, and perhaps
enable a man to lay up a few thous-
ands of dollars, but such fortunes as
are sometimes amassed in merchandis-
ing or manufacturing can never be
hoped for by the bee-keeper. Fortun-
ately, however, the perfection of a
man's happiness bears but little rela-
tion to the size of his fortune; and
many a man with the hum of the bees
over his head, finds happiness deeper
and sweeter than ever comes to the
merchant prince with his car^S and
hi§ thousands,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW"

209

SHOOK-SWARNINC.

Avoiding Some of its Annoyances and
Preventing Increase.

The chang^ing conditions of apicul-
ture, tlie rapid advance of specializa-
tion, the "keeping- of more bees," the
establishing- of out-apiaries, all tend
to the practicing- of shook-swarming-.
When some radically new system like
this is adopted, numerous details need
to be changed or improved. For in-
stance, in shaking- or brushing-, many
of the bees scatter to other nearby
colonies; and the editor of the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal, in an editorial,
last September, told how to avoid this
trouble, and, at the same time grad-
ually turn the hatching bees into the
swarm, thus strengthening the swarm,
and, at the same time, avoiding in-
crease. Here is what he says: —

One great drawback to tlie ordin-
ary method of brushing and shaking
swarms is that large numbers of the
bees, instead of entering the new hive
on the home-stand, will take wing and
join themselves to other colonies in the
yard. This not only seriously de-
pletes the force of the shaken swarms
but helps to induce swarming in the
other hives, whose numbers are thus
suddenly augmented, and with bees
that have already contracted that fever
of unrest which culminates in swarm-
ing. As a result the whole apiary is
innoculated with a desire to swarm,
and, for the time being, the evil is in-
tensified rather than repressed.

A plan which obviates all this troub-
le has been practiced for a number of
years by Herman Rauchfuss, of Den-
ver, Colorado. That the plan is a
success may be inferred from the fact
that a whole apiary once treated in
this manner by Mr. Rauchfuss, gave
the phenomenal average of 175 pounds
of comb honey per colony. The usual
plan of preparation is followed up to
the point of shaking, when, instead of
dumping the bees in a pile in front of
the new hive, a single frame of brood
containing the queen and adhering
bees is placed therein, the super ad-

justed, and the hive containing the re-
maining bees and brood is set on top.
The entrance to the old hive should
face the rear, and should be closed so
that not a bee can get out. Bore a
one-half or a three-quarter inch hole
in the rear of this hive, affix to it a
chute, made by nailing together four
pieces of lath, which should terminate
about an inch above the alighting
board of the new hive. The bees will
readily pass out throug-h this chute,
but when they return laden from the
fields they will enter the new hive. In
a day or two all the flj'ing bees will
have joined the new hive, and in
twenty -one days practically all of the
young bees will have come out and en-
tered the new hive. By this plan the
transfer is affected without any ex-
citement, the probability of abscond-
ing is eliminated, and there is no loss
of unsealed brood. The evil features
of shaking are entirely done away
with, while all its virtues are preserv-
ed and utilized."

WASHING HONEY FROM THE CAPPINGS.

And how it may be Utilized in the Mak-
ing of Vinegar.

In man}' industries a large share of
the profits come from a utilization of
the by-products, or what would or-
dinarily' be termed waste. In the
production of extracted honey consid-
erable of the honey adheres to the
cappings. Most of this will drain out,
but not all of it. If the cappings are
kept separate and rendered by the sun
extractor, this honey meiy be saved,
but I have never seen any that was
not injured more or less in flavor.
Probably there is no more practical
plan for saving this honey than by
washing the cappings in water, and
then making vinegar of the water. A
most excellent article on this subject
was contribvited to the Progressive
Bee-Keeper, last fall, by Mr. S. E.
Miller, of Bluffton, Missouri. Mr.
Miller says: —

"Up to a short time ago I used to
wash the cappings and then squeeze
them into balls after which I placed

210

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

them in the kettle for rendering. A
month or two ago I adopted a differ-
ent method which I consider an im-
provement, and, as it may be of inter-
est to some of the readers, I will des-
cribe it. In the first place I leave the
cappings in the uncapping can for
several days, sometimes for a week or
two, and occasionally take the honey
knife and cut down through them, and
stir them about so as to liberate as
much of the honey as possible. When
ready to render the wax, I take a tub
and put in it rain water equal to
about two-thirds of the amount of cap-
pings I intend to wash in it (by meas-
ure). I find that after the cappings
have been well drained, there still re-
mains in them enough honey to make
good, strong vinegar by using the
above proportions of water and cap-
pings.

The water should be of a tempera-
ture so as to feel slightly warm to
the hand. I have not tested the tem-
perature but think it should be little
if any above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
If too warm it will soften the cappings,
and this we do not want. They
should remain somewhat brittle. If
too cold it will not readily free the
hone}' from the cappings.

When the water is ready the cap-
pings are thrown into it, thoroughly
washed and stirred about and well
broken up with the hands. After the
cappings are thoroughly washed, in-
stead of pressing them into balls as I
used to do I throw them back into the
uncapping can to drain and allow them
to remain as loose as possible. After
they are well drained they are put in
the pan or kettle for rendering.

The advantage that I claim for this
method over the one of squeezing them
into balls is: First, the water drains
from the cappings much sooner, and,
second, in this loose form they are
more readily attacked by the heat and
will therefore melt in a shorter time.
An3'one who has never tried this meth-
od, I think will find it an improvement.

As I have described my method so
far, I may as well tell what I do with
the water used for washing the cap-
pings. As this sweetened water will
make excellent vinegar it would cer-
tainly be a great waste to throw it
away. I therefore put it in a barrel
or keg having the head removed, and
also add to it the water that is used
for washing or rinsing the extractor
and other utensils that have become
daubed with honey. At times we also

have small quantities of honey that are
off in color or for some reason not fit
to offer for sale and if not needed to
feed the bees, this is used by mixing it
with the proper proportion of clean
water. All odds and ends of honey
are used in this way. The barrel is
placed in an out of the way position in
the honey house and a piece of cheese
cloth thrown over it and a board laid
over this to keep it in place, or else the
cloth is tied in place. We should aim
to exclude flies and all insects and yet
expose it to the air as much as pos-
sible.

If the water is warm, fermentation
will set in in a few days and in a
week or two we will find a thick scum
on the surface of the liquid. This I
remove about every week or ten days,
or as often as it accumulates to a con-
siderable extent. Kach time after re-
moving the scum I take a dipper or
cup and dip out a cup full and pour it
back from a height of two or three
feet. This I repeat some ten or twelve
times. It also hastens fermentation if
a quantity of mother from old vinegar
is added. Some may claim that it is
not necessary to remove the scum as it
will finally settle to the bottom of the
barrel and do no harm, but I once
made a lot and neglected to remove the
scum and this was so bitter that it
was not fit for use, and I see no use in
having it in the vinegar when it can be
so easily removed. If the barrel or
keg is removed to a warm room on the
approach of cool or cold weather the
vinegar should be fit for use within six
months after the time it was made.
When it is finished it should be care-
fully dipped or poured off into a clean
receptacle, or what is better, draw it
oft' with a hose, being careful not to
disturb the sediment at the bottom of
the barrel. When you have this you
have an article that you know is pure
and good and do not have to go to your
grocer and purchase so-called "pure
cider vinegar" that is more than likely
made of water and poisonous acids
that are not fit to be taken into the
stomach.

100 Swarms for Sale

In a fine basswood and clover location; bees in
fine chaff hives with five inches of packing; and
there are fixtures for producing both comb and
extracted honey; but all must be sold on account
of poor health. Address 6-04-it

E.D.0CHSN:ER, Prairie du Sac, Wis.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

211

LEWI© GOOD©

Are The Finest

In The Workl.

EVERYTHING

Known In

BEE= KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

u

HIVES AT 1=3 OFF

Before the re-construction of the manag'ement of the old firm;
the Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co. manufactured a lot of shal-
low, story-and-a-half hives . . . We don't want them. They're
going to be a snap for some one.

One story, in lots of five, each, 90 cts.

Story-and-a-half, in lots of five, each, $1.22.

They're just a regular hive — except they're shallow — 7)4
inches deep instead of 9)4. Dovetailed, tin-jointed covers, rever-
sible bottoms, and 8 frames. There isn't a thing wrong with
them — if there was, we wouldn't put them on the market to give
away as premiums.

In this ad we've told all there is to tell about them — unless
it tnight be that it's only two years since they were made. They're
siinply taking up valuable room — a commodity that is worth a
lot of money to us. Better order right away — to day — your neigh-
bor may tomorrow — and the3''ll onl}' last till they're gone.

Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Company

Minneapolis, Minn.

212

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Either Golden or Honey-Queens before |uly i.

Our GOLDENS will conae tip with any
other Golden strain. Onr HONEY-
QUEENS are what some breeders call
"Red Clover Queens. "

I 6 12

Untested $i.oo $5.00 $9.00

Tested 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeders 500 ....

2 frame Nuclei (no queeti) 2.50 14.00 25.00

Nuclei will be ready to ship the latter part of
May or ist of June. \"l'hen (jueens are wanted
with Nuclei add price of any Queen wanted. We
guarantee safe arrival of all Queens and Nuclei.
Our Breeders may be returned after 30 days if
satisfaction is not given. Cash must come with
orders. Orders are booked and filled in rota-
tion.

Mr. Gns Picaman, of I^irchfield, 111 . in aletter
of Aug. 3, 1903, says: "Send me two untested
honey queens. The one I bought of you two
years ago is all right. There are no better."

Mr. Frank D. Gonderson, of Oconomowoc,
Wis. says in a letter dated Aug. i, 1903: "I like
your queens the best of any that l' have ever
had." This man placed an order last August
for 24 Nuclei to be delivered this spring.

Address all orders to

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, UK

6-'04-tf

BEE SUPPLIES
CHEAP.

There are reasons for it, and they
will be given if you will write for
them; and with them will be sent a
copy of the new journal, the

RURAL BEE-KEEPER.

Address

W» H. Putnam,
6-o4.tf River Falls, Wis.

VIRGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens, secured by years of selection
from a cross between Red Clover strains and the
Superior vStock furnished by W . Z. Hutchinson.
No better bees are to be had anywhere.

Untested queens, large, vigorous and prolific,
only75Cts. After June 15th, only 65 cts. Test-
ed queens, |i.oo; alter June 15th., 75 cts.
Write for discounts on large orders.

CHAS. KOEPPEN,
Fredericksburg, Virginia.

6-04-tf.

Our $10,000

MONDENG
4-04-61

Bee ■ Keepers' S u p p 1 y
Manufacturing plant is
read}' for business. Send
for price list.
MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

147-149 Cedar I,ake Road

DflflZENBflKEH

20th Centupy

SMOKER

A SMOKER SURE FOR $1.00.
Guaranteed to Suit, or Dollar Back.

The last in the field, combines the best fea-
tures of others, with special ones all its own.

It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that
strengthens the fire-cup and holds a removable
lining and packing in place, that keeps the fire-
cui) cool, thus adding to its durability. This
lining can be replaced at small cost.

The draft-hole is midway of the fire-cup, di-
rectly opposite of the only opening in the bel-
lows, from which the air is forced and deflected
upward or downward, or both ways, as desired,
to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke,
which is determined by the filling and lighting
of the fuel.

It is superior in make-up and material.

It has no parts that can clog with soot.

It will continue to smoke from three to ten
hours, in light work, imtil all the fuel is burned.

It wins friends who willingly recommend it
to others.

Full directions for use, and preparing special
fuel for subduing bees and destroying the eggs
and larviv of the wax-moth, with each smoker.

PRICES:

$1.00 each; three for $2.70 when sent
with other goods. By mail, each 25
cents extra.

F. DANZENBAKER

Care The A. I. Root Co. Sec. i. Horticulture Bid.

St. Louis,

Missouri.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

213

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iiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiinlimiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiililiiiiMiiil

liiiiiii

III The Paeific States

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illlillllilillllliiilliinMi'lili

i»iiiniiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiii|iiniiii|riiiBiiiii{iiniiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiniiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiniiBniiiii

Bee Journal

and

The t^oeky IVIountain
Bee Journal

have been consolidated and will be
published at Tulare, California as
the Pacific States Bee Journal. This
is now the only bee journal in the
West. It is the" bee journal that is
"not like anj' other." \ou should
take it. Price, Ji.oo a year. Sample
copies free.

Advertisers should consider that
this is the only bee journal that
thoroughly covers the West. An
ad in our journal brings results.

Paeifie States Bee Joarnal,

"Not like any other."

P. p. ADHliSBHCH.

EditoP and Publisher,

Tulaite, Calif.

liiiiiiiiia.niiiiiiiiniimiaiiiiiiiiifiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiii.BiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiilli'i'
iiiiiiiiiiliiii ■iiiiiniiliuuiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiilimiiiiiliiiiiiiNgiiiiiiiiiliii

Bllllll|

iiiiiiii

Weiss
Foundation

Is g-uaranteed to stand at the
head for quality and work-
manship, as it is made by the
latest process of sheeting- and
purifying- wax, and will defy
competitors to its quality and
purity. Send for a sample
and catalog- and be your own
judg-e. Working- wax a spec-
i alty. Friend Bee-Keeper, now
is the time for you to send in
your wax and have it worked
into foundation. Hig-hest pri-
ces paid for beeswax. Cash,
32c; trade, 33c. Impure wax
not accepted. A full line of

Bee Supplies

AUGUST WEISS,

3-04-tf

GREENVILLE, WIS.

■ ■

iiiiiiii

Bllllll|

iiiiiiiiiii

i i POUDER'S Honey Jars and

I!!!'!!! everything used by Bee-Keepers.

jipa lyarge and complete stock on hand

ll" at all times. I^ow freight rates.

jli'l Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

|liilllB

III Walter S. Pouter

|ii| 513-515 Mass. Ave.

!!!!!■ INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

STOCK I
DIFFERS I

There is a diflference in bees in re-
gard to their disposition, industry,
and various other traits. Every bee-
keeper, especially if he has different
strains of bees, will notice here
and there a colony far out-stripping
the general average— if the vsrhole
apiary came up to these, how the
crop would be increased. Send to
J. P. Moore, Morgan, Ky. and get
the neatest circular ever sent out by
a queen breeder, and read the testi-
mony of experienced bee-keepers
who have tried his stock side by side
with that of others.

J. P. MOORE,
Morgan, Kentucky.

|: _ ■ ■ i g |i 1: I M:a :: I ! I ■ g a | B 1 1 1< I f ' : f ' | ' | ' ' '|' "''i"|U!||§B)!P|piHiffl!!!i!lWinni
iliiiuiiiiniiijiiiuiuiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiBuiiMiiiiiuliiiiiBiililiiiiiiiJiliiiiJiJuiiBuiiMjiiiiiiijijiiijuu

214

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Three
of a Kind

Beats many other combinations,
three famous trains of the

The

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Railway.

offer an excellence of service and equipment
not obtainable elsewhere. There are many
reasons for this, one of which is the fact that
this railway operates its own sleeping, dining-,
library and other cars.

The Southwest Limited, Chicago to
Kansas City. The Pioneer Limited, Chicago
to St. Paul and Minneapolis. The Overland
Limited, Chicago to Omaha and San Fran-
cisco. On your next western trip, why not
go one way and return another?

ROBERT C. JONES, 32 Campus JWaPtius,

jwiehigan Passenger Hgent DHTI?01T, JWIICH-

Daughters of select, imported Italians, select
long - tongue ( Moore's ) and select golden, bred
3^ miles apart, and mated to select drones. No
impure bees within three and only a few within
five miles. No disease— 31 years of experience.
All mismated queens replaced free. Safe arriv-
al guaranteed.

Prices before July After July i
1 6 12 1 6 12

Untested $.75 4oo 7-5° ? -60 3-25 6.00

Select 1. 00 5.00 900 .75 425 8.00

Tested 1.50 800 i.= .oo 1.25 6.50 12.50

Select tested.. 200 10.00 18.00 1.50 8.00 15.00

Untested queens readv April 20th

JOHH Mo DA

4-04-3t Spring Hill, Tenu,

SPECIAL

FOR

March AND April

No. 1 Sections, $4.00; No. 2, $3.50,
Plain Section 25 cts less. Dovetailed
Hives, 8-frame, 1)^ Story, in lots of
10, $1.25 each; lots of 20, $1.15 each;
lots of 50, $1.10, 10-frame for 15 cts
more per hive. The Poor Man's Hi ve,
rabbeted, $1.00. Fotmdation, Smokers,
Frames, etc., in stock. Price list fr ee.

W. D. SOPER,
3-04-tf R. F. D. No. 3, Jackson, Mic h

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

215

And her quality is what your surphis depends upon. Knowing-
this, we use extra care in the selection of our breeding stock. Se-
lected queens are given one 3'ear's trial in our out-yards, and those
only are used for breeding that have shown a marked superiority
in the yield of surplus honey.

Tested and untested queens and nuclei are now ready for
shipment. Send for 64-page catalog giving prices on bees, queens,
hives, and other supplies.

'We tus map 11.^9 AlaB^tmia.

^WVWyVW Try The Case Strain WWW«W^

Of Italians. They make the whitest comb honey; have proved ^

best for extracted, especially in Cuba; and are but little inclined JG

to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms Jg-

bought 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is second «r

to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning better queens, jjC

earlier and more of them, for 1904. Fine untested, $1.00. Select, J^

$1.25. Tested, $1.25, up. Circular sent free for the asking. ^

ml

y B. Case, Port Orange, Fla. )WM^

Ne^¥ ILoimdloinip WiSo

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending- your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1904
Catalogue and Illustrated Price List— free for the asking-.

3-04-6t

216

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

PERFECT GOODS!

LOW PRICES!

A Customer Once, A Customer Always.

We manufacture BEE SUPPLIES of all kinds, (been at it
over 20 j^ears). It is always best to buy of the makers. New
illustrated catalog- free. For nearly 14 years we have pub-
lished The American Beekeeper, (monthly, 50 cents a year),
the best magazine for beginners. Edited by one of the most
experienced bee keepers in America. Sample copy free.

The W. T. Falconer Manf g Co.

JAMESTOWN, NEW YORK

Wm. M. Gerrish, Epping, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at
catalog prices. Order of him and save freight.

IT PAYS TO BUY

Standard Bred Queens.

We have them true to name.

Buckey strain 3-banded Italians.
Golden Italians.
Carniolans.
We guarantee safe arrival.

Ready to mail April

PRICES.

One Six

Twelve

TTntp<*ted $ 75 .... $4.00

. .. $7.50

Seleot 1.00 5.00

... 9.00

Tested 1.50 8.00

... 15.00

Select Tested 2.00 10.00

. .. 18.00

Select Breeders

$3.00

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

3-04-8t

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

217

Headquarters for Bee Sopplies

I^OOT'S GOODS AT I^OOT'S pRCTORY PI^ICES

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight - rates from Cin-
cinnati are the lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satis-
faction g-uaranteed. Langstroth Portico Hives and Standard
Honey-Jars at lowest prices. You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free. Send for same. Golden Italian, Red Clover
and Carniolan untested queens during June, 75c each; six for $4.00;
$7.50 per doz.

i
i

§3 C. H- W. WEBEt^, CioGinnati, 0. ^

Office and salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses, U^

Freeman and Central Avenues. C/^

QUEERS rlOW SEflT BY {^ETUf^fl JVTfllLi 83

4-04-3t P^

NORRIJ" & AN/PACH

Kenton,
OHIO.

Manufacturers and dealers in bee-keepers' supplies. Jobbing agents for
the G. B. Lewis Co., of Watertown, Wis. We handle a complete line of their
goods, at regular, catalog prices. Dovetailed Hives, Triumph Hives, Sections,
Smokers, Veils, Honey Cases, in fact, everything for the bee-keeper. Frst-class
goods, prompt shipments. Special prices on large quantities.
4-04-31 Please mention the Review.

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, i8 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

{ROOT'S BEE^SUPPmES
{ROOT'S PI^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL, Kendall, Mich,

THE EARTH 25c

That's the yearly subscription price of the latest
and best journal in the interest of farming, fruit-
growing and cattle-raising. It will acquaint you
with the conditions, climate, life and opportunies
of the Great Southwest. Issued monthly; pro-
fusely illustrated. Address, for sample copy,
THE EARTH, iiiS Railway Exchange, Chicago.

SccKccpcrs

Send for our free catalog. It will tell you how
to put foundation into four sections at once; and
the only way to get a full section of honey. We
sell G. B. I<ewis goods at their prices. 5-04-2t

a. Coppin, XDenona, 3Il5.

218

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

rr/HE Review never had more sub-
-^ scribers, better correspondents,
greater mechanical facilities, or a
mone experienced editor; in short, it
was never more fully equipped, than
at present, for helping bee-keepers,
It will use all of these advantages the
present year in taking up and disuss-
ing two of

Tl^e Most Iimports^Eit
S^lbjects

connected with bee-keeping, viz., the
production of large quantities of honey,
cheaply, and the selling of it at a high
price. The first few issues of this
year, are and will be, especially devoted
to the discussion of the first-mentioned
topic, then in July or August, market-
ing will be taken up and continued
through the year. I do not mean that
other important matters will not be
touched upon, but that special attention
will be given to these two.

For instance, last year, Mr. F. E.
Atwater, of Boise, Idaho, with only
one helper.

scattered from seven to eighteen miles
from home, and in the January Re-
view he had a long article describing
the hives, implements, and methods,
that enabled him to accomplish this feat.
Mr. E. D. Townsend of Remus,
Michigan, is

Til© Most Esteiasl^®
Apmrist

in this State; managing out-apiaries
with the least possible amount of labor,
much of it unskilled at that, and mak-
ing money out of the business, and he
is telling the readers of the Review
"how he does it." I think I am safe
in saying tliat no more valuable con-
tributions have ever appeared in the
Review than those that are being fur-
nished by Mr. Townsend — particularly
for the specialist. They contain little
that is startling, or revolutionary, their
chief value being the short-cuts and
systems that enable him to manage
many colonies with little labor. Tlie
series of articles began in January,
and will probably run through the3'ear.
They are all practical, like the one in
this issue. Later in the season he will
write on marketing and wintering.

300 Q^eeims

by using the bees of only one colony
would seem to be an impossibility, yet
W. H. Laws, of Beeville, Texas, has
been, for the last year, practicing a
method that not only enables him to
do this, but allows of the introduction
of virgin queens that are from five to
seven daj's old, avoids all trouble
from fertile workers, prevents loss
from absconding, and queens may be
mated in a locality free from objection-
able drones. This method is illustrat-
ed and described in the March issue of
the Review.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

219

The beginning- and the end of the
honey season are

Critical P©iimtSo

To induce the bees to promptly take
possession of the supers, to wind up
the season with nearly all of the sec-
tions completed, yet lose none of the
honey that the bees can store, are
most desirable accomplishments; yet
James A. Green, of Grand Junction,
Colorado, has an article in the April
number telling- how all of these things
may be managed by what he calls his
"Combination System."

Mr. M. A. Gill, of Long-mont, Colo-
rado, last year, with the assistance of
his wife and one other helper, manag-
ed 1,100 colonies, increased them to
1,600, and shipped

C=^©tiao ktomeWo

Last month the Review published an
article from Mr. Gill in which he told
exactly how hemanag-ed — particularly
in reg-ard to the swarming-problem.

When it comes to the marketing-, I
have on hand an article by Mr. H. C.
Ahlers, of West Bend, Wisconsin, in
which he tells in detail how he has
built up a trade in selling extracted
honey direct to consumers, in which he
last 3'ear sold 20,000 pounds, and most
of it at /2 cents a pound!

is something that many of us have
neglected as too small to be worth
noticing-, especially if it is only a small
town, but our energetic General Man-
ager of the National Association, Mr.
N. E. France of Platteville, Wisconsin,
manages to sell about 8,000 pounds a

year, if I remember aright, in his little
home-city, of only 4,000 inhabitants.
He does no peddling, it is all sold at
the groceries, butcher shops, and the
like, and he so manages as to get
eight cents a pound for it. What that
management is, how the honey is put
up, the package, in fact the whole
modus operandi will be described by
Mr. France in the Review, long ere
the time comes to put this year's crop
on the market.

A. fIomi©^»^©^t©p

in something the same line as a milk-
man has a route, has been inaugurated
and put in practice for several years
by Mr. C. F. Smith, of Cheboygan,
Michigan. There is no peddling about
it. On certain days, except during
the busy time of the year with the bees,
Mr. Smith goes over a certain route,
calling at certain houses and deliver-
ing a certain amount of honey. In
this way he sells all of his own ex-
tracted honey at 13 cents a pound, and
then buys and sells thousands of
pounds besides. How the honey is put
up, how the route was established,
how he knows at which houses to call,
and how much honey to bring, etc.,
will be told to the readers of the Re-
view in an article that Mr. Smith is
now preparing with much care as to
detail and helpfulness.

So much in the way of retailing
honey, and we now come to the sub-
ject of selling honey direct to retail
dealers, instead of sending it to com-
mission merchants who, in turn, sell to
the retailers. This is

)Ili

a(

and one that has been little worked, but
I have found a man who has had a lot
of experience in this line, Mr. S. A.
Niver, formerlj^ of New York, but now
of Chicago. For several years, quite a

220

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

number of extensive bee-keepers near
Groton, New York, turned their crops
of comb honey over to Mr. Niver, who
graded and crated it, and then packed a
case with samples, and went out as a
"drummer, " selling direct to the retail
trade, going over the same ground more
than once, taking orders and collecting
for the honey. I have an article from
Mr. Niver telling of his success. It is
long, readable, full of humor, and of
suggestions for some man to go and do
likewise. Mr. Niver is now at work
preparing an article on retailing honey
to city customers.

The foregoing are only a few of the
good things that are in store for the
readers of the Review — these are given
simply as samples. The prospects for

in bee-keeping were never brighter for
the man who will arouse himself, wake
up to the changed conditions of things,
and take advantage of the changes.
One thing is certain, if you are a bee-
keeping specialist, if bee-keeping is
youv diisiness, j^ou can't afford noi to

It will lead you, and encourage you,
and fill you with ideas, and tell you
how to do things — show you how to en-
large your business and make money.
Send $1.00 for the Review for 1904,
and long ere the year is out you will ad-
mit that it was the most profitable in-
vestment you ever made.

W. M. Cockersham, of Ronda, N. C.
manufactures

JSee Supplies

AND REARS

Queens foP Sale

at the following
prices

Apr. May June

One Untested, $i.oo $ .90 $ .80

Three " 2.90 2.75 2.50

One Warranted, 1.25 i.io 1.00

One Tested 1.50 1.25 i.io

vSelect Tested, ...:;. 00 2.75 2.50

Breeding, 8.00 S.oo 8. 00

July
and
after

I -75
2.25
1. 00
1. 00
2.25

l^OT ITst THE Tl^OST.

The oldest bee supply store in
the East. Sells best goods at
former prices. Send tor cata-
log. Successor to A. J. King.

a. H- IW. COOK. Neuu Vopk City

3-04-4t 70 Cortlandt St.

Red Clover

Italian Queens
for 1904. Our
strain of bees is
gathering hon-
ey in every State. We have had 21 years of ex-
perience in queen rearing, and our queens are all
reared by up-to-date methods. Untested, 75 els.
each, or J8.00 a dozen; tested, $1.00, or Jio 00
a dozen; breeders. $3.50 to 57.00 A four-frame
hive, painted, stocked with bees, brood and a
queen, $3 50. We shall keep on hand from 400
to 600 queens, and will be able to send queens by
return mail, guaranteeing .safe arrival. Send for
circular. G. RONTZAHN,

4-04-6t Biglerville, Penn.

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Choice Queens %

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ia Geo. J. Vande VoPd i

ia 4-04-tf Daytona, Florida. Q

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BBBBEIBBlEiBBESBIEiESBQEiBiESEIEIBIElEIEiBI

Fop 190-!5-

We are again offering queens of the
best stock obtainable. Untested queens,
Golden, l,eather Colored, or Carniolan,
warranted pure, 75 cts each, or $7 50 a doz.
Tested, 11.25 each, or J12 per dozen.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

221

Marshfield

MANUFACTURING CO.

Marshfield, Wisconsin, makes a specialty
of SectionSt and they are the best in
the market. Wisconsin basswood is the
right kind for them. They also have a
full line of Bee - Supplies* Write for
free, Illustrated Catalog and Price List.

From the Cotton Belt Apiaries are as good
as the best and as cheap as the cheapest, and
you can get them by return mail at the following
prices : Untested, 50 cts. ; tested, 75 cts, ; breeders
$3.00. We make one- two- and three-frame nu-
clei a specialty. Write for circular and price
list, which gives full information. 4-04-9t

Eo Ao IRIBBILIS

Box 83, Roxton, lyamar Co., Texas.

Oldest Supply house in

Your wants fully supplied with anything need-
ed in the apiary. Full stock of Root's
Goods. Danzenbaker hives, Bees and queens.
IvCt US mai lyou our 40-page catalog — FREE.

4-04-4t JOHN NEBEIy & SON, High Hill, Mo.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing business in every State
in the Union and in many foreign countries.

The demand for I^aws' queens has doubled any
previous season's sales.

I,aws' queens and bets are putting up a large
share of the honey now sold.

I<aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over
the world. Why? Because it is the best to
be had.

Remember ! That I have a larger stock than ever;
that I can send you a queen any month in
the year and guarantee safe delivery; that I
have many fine breeders on hand. Price,
$3.00 each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for |6.oo.
Prices reduced after March 15. Send for
circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

222

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

QUIRIN

The Queen
BREEDER

Has a strain of Italian bees in which prolificness and honey-
gathering- are developed to a high degree. His location fur-
nishes a continuous honey-flow throughout the season, while
the broad, extended prairie surrounding his yard allows of no
undesirable drones in bee-trees. He expects to keep on hand
from 600 to 1,200 queens, and be able to fill orders by return
mail, guaranteeing safe arrival, at the following prices ; —

Before July
One Six Twelve

Select

Tested

.Select Tested

Breeders

Straight five-banded breeders
Two-frame Nucleus, no queen,
Full colony, on eight frames.

Ji.oo
1.50

fc-oo
8.00

2.00 10,00
4.00

6.00

2.50 14.00

6.00 30.00

$9.00
I .00
18.00

After July ist
One Six Twelve
$4.00

5-

.75
1 .00
I -50

5.00

2 . 25 1 2 . 00

4.00 22.00

8.00
15.00

I7.00
9.00
I5-00

Send for Circular giving many particulars that lack of
space forbids mention here. POINDING CARTONS at

only $4.00 M, so long as present stock lasts.

QUlHlWE-QUEEfl-BHEEOEt^, Bellevue, Ohio

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Root's Goods at Root's Prices.

Choice White Wyandotes and Barred
Rocks. Best strain Italian queens. Send
for circular J. F. MICHAEL,

1-04-tf R F D I. Winchester, Ind.

— If you are going to —

riJy a bUzz-saw^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

PATEINT, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. '2.A-
YEARS the: BEIST. CATALOG FREZEI.
F. BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

223

§^ti7*S*'!!?$*i^ti^$*l^^'?i^^^

t

Retail — Wholesale

Has an established reputation because made by a
process that produces the CLEANEST and the
PUREST, and in all respects the BEST and the
most desirable. Send for Samples.

Working wax into Foundation
For Cash

Is a specialty. Bekswax Always Wanted at the
HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

f^

A Full Line of Supplies at Both
Retail and Wholesale.

Send at once for Catalog: and discounts on large
orders.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents
for Canada.

m

Please mention the Review.

fK

224

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

A\2tpy Iroprovernept? Tbis Yeeir.

We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies.
The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber
than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied
with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi-
nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators.
The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate-
rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly
polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles,
and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure
enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be
worked by the foot.

Tb^ Hedclon Hive.

Another valuaVjle adjunct to our manu-
facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not
hesitate to say that it is the best all round
hive ever put upon the market; and we
are pleased to state that we have made
arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the end
that we can supply these hives; and the
right to use them goes with the hives.

Hooey Extractors.

Our Honey Extractors are highly orna-
mental, better manufactured; and, while
the castings are lighter, the}' are more
durable than heretofore, as they are made
of superior material.

Tb^ Progr^j^iv^ B^e^-K^^p^r.

Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved,
beinj- brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land,
and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price;
only 50 cts. per year.

Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres-
sive Bee-Keeper. Address

LEAHY A\fg. <30.,

Hi^IS'OSVillc, A\o.
E2k5t St. Louis, Ills
On7&l7&r f(«brasHa.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are made according
to these rules:

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission— the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent. ; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

KANSAS CITY, MO.— Honey stock is well
cleaned up, and demand good. Beeswax in
good demand. We quote as follows: — No.i
white, $2 50 a case; No.i amber, $2.25 a case;
White extracted, 6>4c; amber, 6c; beeswax, 30c.
WAI^KER-BRKWSTER GROCER CO.,
May 3 423 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo

CINCINNATI— The demand for honey is
brighter than it has been in the past sixty days.
We continue to offer Amber Extracted in bar-
relsat !=,'/i to 614 cts, according to quality. White
Clover Extracted is a drag on the market at 654c
to 8 c in barrels and cans. Comb honey seems
to be reviving at i3^c to 15c for fancy. Beeswax
is wanted by us at 30c per lb delivered here.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
March 29 Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFAI,0 — All grades of honey very dull, and
can only be .sold by severe cutting of prices.
Don't ship here at present, unless willing to ac-
cept low prices. We quote as follows: — Fancy
white, 12 to 13c; No.i, 10 to iic; fancy amber,
9 to loc; No. i, 8 to 9c; fancy dark, 8 to 9c; No. i
dark, 7 to 8c; white extracted, 6 to 8c; beeswax,
25 to 32c.

May 2

BATTERSON & CO.
159 Michigan St. Buffalo, N. Y.

PHII,ADEI,PHIA— The season for selling
honey has been prolonged on account of the
cold weather, which has certainly been very for-
tunate for the bee-keeper, as there never was as
much honey shipped in so late in the season to
be disposed of. It has broken the price quite
considerably, but there is still quite a demand,
which otherwise would have fallen off. We
quote as follows: — Fancy white comb, 13 to 14c;
No. I, i2c; amber and buckwheat, 9 to loc; Ex-
tracted buckwheat, 7 to 8c; amber, 6 to 7c; bees-
wax 31C and in good demand We are producers
of honey and do not handle on commission
WM. A. SEI.SER,

March 30 10 Vine St. Philadelphia, Pa.

CHICAGO— The market is heavily supplied
with comb and extracted, neither of which are
meeting with any demand; especially is this true
of the comb honey. Prices are uncertain, as
those having stock are anxious to sell it; there-
fore, it is difficult to quote prices. The best
grades of white comb bring II to 12c, anything
off, from choice to fancy, is not wanted. Ex-
tracted white, according to quality, sells at 6 to
7c; amber, 5 to 6c; beeswax 30 to 32c.

R. A. BURNETT & Co.,
April 7. 199 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

NEW YORK— Market quiet, especially oa
Comb. Fair demand for extracted. Beeswax
scarce and wanted. We quote as follows:—
Fancy white, 13c; No. i fancy amber, iic; No. 1.
loc; white extracted, 6i^c; amber, 5^ to 5%c;
dark, 5c; beeswax, 29 to 30.

HII^DRETH & SEGEIyKEN,
265 & 267 Greenwich St., Cor. Murray St.
May 2. New York.

CINCINNATI, OHIO— The honey market con-
tinues to be dull; if anything, the prices on comb
are lower; concessions are made on bigger lots.
I quote: fancy white comb from 12^ to 14c.
Sales on extracted are made at the following
prices; Amber, in barrels, 5}{ to s^c; in cans,
^c more. Alfalfa, water white, 6 and 6}^c;
strictly white clover, for extra fancy, y}< and
8c. Beeswax 30c.

C. H. W. WEBER,
May 2 Cincinnati, Ohio.

CHICAGO — We report a very good trade on
Comb and Extracted Honey during the month
of April, at which time we greatly reduced our
stock. If producers still have any honey un-
sold, would advi.se letting it come forward; no
doubt we could dispose of it so as to show satis-
factory results. We quote as follows: Fancy
white, 12 to T3c; No. i, 11 to 12c; white extracted,
6 to 7c; amber, 5 to 6c; beeswax, 29 to 31c.
S. T. FISH & CO.,

May 3. 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

KANSAS CITY, MO.— Demand for honey
is good; supplies light, and we look for higher
prices. We quote as follows: Fancy white,
12.50 per case; No, 1, |2. 40; fancy amber, $2.25;
white extracted, 6J^c; amber, 55^c; beeswax, 30c.

May 2

C. C. CI.EMONS & CO.
Kansas City, Mo.

AI^BANY, N. Y — The honey market is dull
and it looks as if some would have to be carried
over the season, a large portion of the stock is
candied hard in the comb, from the long, cold
winter. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13
to 14 c; No. I white, 12 to 13 c; fancy amber, 11 to
12 c; No, I amber, 10 to iic; fancy dark, 11 to 12c;
No. I dark, 10 to iic; white extracted, 6 to 6%c;
amber extracted, 5 J4 to 6c; dark extracted. 5 to
63^c; beeswax, 28 to 30c.

H. N. Wright,
Wholesale Commission,
April I Albany, N. Y.

^ C^iPJCS^CSSCSS

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MODERN

aUEEN
REARING

THEllROOTCOMMKr

BOOKLET©

FOR

Modern
Queen Rearing

By Geo. W. Phillips, foreman of
the queen rearing yards of The A.
I. Root Conipanj'. Anyone can
snpplj' his own apiary with the
best queens at a little cost. This
booklet gives simple, complete
directions for doing so. All can
understand it. The method itself
is the best. It is no particular
"system" of one man but em-
bodies the best in them all. An
expert can gain information from
this book while the novice will
find nothing but what he can
understand and do.

Price, 15c post paid

How to Produce
Extracted Honey

Every bee-keeper who runs for
extracted honey should read this
booklet. It is full of valuable in-
formation. Many labor saving
devices and plans are explained.
It tells how to care for and work
the extracting machine: uncap
combs, etc. How to render cap-
pings and broken combs. Also
how to put up honey in the most
attractive form for retailing. It
gives in fact everything that is
wanted on the subject in the
cheapest possible form.

Price, 15c post paid

Special Offer— Botli Books for 25 cents

m BEE-KEEPERB %

m ^

THE fl. I. t^OOT COJVrPHflY

IWEDINA, OHIO

CTS^yocsScy

m

July, 1904.

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year.

Bee- Keepers'Re view National Bee - Keepers'

PUBWSHED MONTHI^Y

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Watered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 198

Terms — $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United Stales, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Anj' one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

JElint, Michigan, July 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows: \

On 10 lines and upwards, 7, times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 percent; is times,'
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will Send the Revikw with —

Gleanings, (new) ($1 ool $1

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) i

Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) i

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) i

American Bee Keeper ( .50) i

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal . . . . ( 1 00) i

Ohio Farmer. ... ( i.oo) i

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 1.20

Rural New Yorker ( i 00) i 85

The Century , ( 4.00) 4 50

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer { i.oo) 1.75

American .Agriculturist ( i 00) i 75

Country (ientleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 4.00) 4.10

Harper's Weekly ( 4.00) 4.20

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i.oo) 1.90

Success ( I 00) 1.75

Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.

To prevent the adulteration of houe3'.

Annual Membership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. H.\RRis, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
Geo. W. Brodbeck, I,os Angeles, Calif.
Secretary.

N. E. FRANCE. Platteville, 'VVi.s.
Gen. Manager and Treasurer.

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn, Out.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toeppkrwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, I,oveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y..
K Whitcomb, Friend, Neb
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. HAM3AUGH, Escondido, Cal
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo. His.

■a

Names of Bee-Keepers

a TYRE NA/ R I TT E IS! M

m M

>3E!RI5CP5>TiE!IP;r.RI5gEC!E!3EiP!SaBigWPiPir5

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at ;j2.oo per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at S2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly,
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated.
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . So
Calif... 37S
Colo.. . 22S
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162
Dak... 25
Del.
Fla.
Ga..
Ind.

Ills.... 1375
Iowa . . 800

18
100
90
744

Ky.....
Kans..

I,a

Mo

Minn ..
Mich...
Mass.. .

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y. .
Neb.. .
N. J. .
N. H. .

182
350
38
500
334
1770
275
94

1700

• ■ 345

15S

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon.. 109
Ohio...
Penn .. .
R. I....

S. C

Tenn

Tex

Utah 68

Vt 200

Va 182

w. Va 172

Wash 1 28

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

1 30c

912

46

40
176
270

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The Bee-Keepers^

300,000 Acres of Wild Land
for sale, in the famous Fruit
Belt Region of Michigan, at low
prices and on easy terms.

These lands are especially
adapted to fruit culture, all the
most desirable fruits being cul-
tivated with especial success.

These uncultivated lands also
produce immense quantities of
wild berries, from which large
crops of honey are obtained, at
a good profit to the Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and cir-
culars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address: 2-0-71

J. E. A^^rritt,
Gcn'i. r\%r.

A\icbi«2vi7 I-Zii7<i Co.,

If the

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publisher and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima-
tion of the advertiser: and it en,
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say'" I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

Bee -Keepers | |^o pish-Bone

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer /Af?. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

g^°Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen ivired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
J, Vflr* DEUSEfl,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

226

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

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0'-

Dadant's

Foundation

Why Does it Sell so Well ?— Because it has always
given better satisfaction than an^^ other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

We GuZirZiOtee Satisfaction— What more can any-
body do ? Beauty, purity, firmness, no sag-ging-, no
loss. Patent Wekd Process of Sheeting.

Beeswax Wanted atallTirne? Send name for our
Catalog, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

Langjtrotb on the Honey - Bee, Revised.
classic in bee-literature. $1.20 hy mail.

The

DADANT 6- SON,

Haroiltop, Illinois.

I_. C. &- A. G. WOODA\AiH, GrAn<l RApi<ls,
i=ig«Dts for /<\>cbiga^n

3-04-iot

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IT PAYS

to send 3'our orders a distance of 1,000 miles

FOR

BEE-SURRLIES

to R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

LARGE, HEALTHY, PROLIFIC,

Beautiful Italian Queens sent prompt-
ly by return mail at only 50 cts each.
Safe arrival and Satisfaction guaran-
teed. J. w. K. SHAW, & CO.
7-04-tf Loreauville, La.

Please mention the Heuiea.

{ROOT'S BEE-StJPPliIES

{ROOT'S Pt^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUBL, Kendall, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

227

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WIS!

fl [L-

I WATER TOWN,

MAKES THE FrNEST

Send for Catalog

THE G. B. LEWIS CO.

Watertown, Wis.

U. S. A.

HRake Your Own Hives.

3ee -• Keepers

Will save money by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

^

228

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

^^¥ T T^ ¥^ XT O GOLDEN ITALIAN and |

V^U 11^ L^i\|^^ LEATHER COLORED,

Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirin-the-Queen=Breeder. We
guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it may be returned inside of 60 days,' and
another will be sent "gratis". Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated
from the best and highest-priced Long==Tongued Red-Clover Breeders in the United States.
We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any
State, Continental Island or, European Country.

The A. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American
Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. 1,. Can-
dy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over 400 bounds of honey (mostly comb), from
single colonies containing onr queens.

Hi
Or

I

Hi

%

Last winter was a severe
test on bees, but QUIRIN'S
famous Leather Colored It-
alians wintered on their
summer stands, within a
mile of bleak Lake Brie.

Our new circular now
ready to mail. Address all
orders to

Price of Queens After July First

1

•

6 1

12

Select

|i 00

$ 500

1 900

Tested

I 50

800

1500

Select Tested

2 00

10 00

18 00

Breeders

4 00
6 00

Straight 5-band Beed's

Palestine Queens

200

10 00

18 00

2-comb nucl'i no queen

250

14 00

25 10

Full colony on 8-f rames

6 00

3000

4 fr's brood, 4 fr's fdn..

500

2500

Special low price on Queens and Nuclei
in 50 and 100 lots. Nuclei on L, or Danz-
enbaker frames.

Quirin'the-Queen-Breeder, Bellevue, Ohio.

From the Cotton Belt Apiaries are as good
as the best and as cheap as the cheapest, and
you can get them by return mail at the following
prices : Untested, 50 cts. ; tested, 75 cts. ; breeders
I3.00. We make one- two- and three-frame nu-
clei a specialty. Write for circular and price
list, which gives full information. 4-04-9!

Box 83,

Roxton, I,amar Co., Texas.

Oldest Supply house in

Your wants fully supplied with anything need-
ed in the apiary. Full Stock of Root's
Goods. Danzenbaker hives, Bees and queens.
I,et us mai lyou our 40-page catalog — FREE.

4-04-4t JOHN NEBEI,& SON, High Hill, Mo.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing business in every State

in the Union and in many foreign countries.
The demand for I,aws' queens has doubled any

previous season's sales.
I<aws' queens and bees .ire putting up a large

share of the honey now sold.
I,aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over

the world. Why? Becau-se it is the best to

be had.
Remember ! That I have a larger stock than ever;

that I can send you a queen any month in

the year and guarantee safe delivery; that I

have many fine breeders on hand. Price.

$3.00 each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for $6.00!

Prices reduced after March 15. Send for

circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

^^^peps' |\^v'i^ljo.

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$1.00 A YEAR.
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, JULY 15, 1904. NO. X.

'©ilimij

Yearly t©

*©ople.

BY N. E. FRANCE.

JT/HE nearer home the producer can
■^ sell his honey, the greater the
profit. Every time it is sold, through
dealers, there must be a profit, which
reduces the price the producer will
get. Each handling of honey, the
same as with fruit, injures its ap-
pearance more or less for market, and
that means slow sale at a lower price.
The many bee-keepers who have ed-
ucated themselves in the production of
honey, have neglected the just as im-
portant part, how to prepare it for the
market and sell at good prices. If the
dealer has to clean the sections, then
grade as he crates, and pay for trav-
eling salesman to sell the goods, it all
costs, and the loser is the producer; as
he gets only what is left. Don't hurry
your honey on the early market, unless
the demand and price will justify it.

MANY COMMISSION HOUSES DO NOT
HANDLE AND CARE FOR •
HONEY PROPERLY.

Most of the commission dealers
handle fruit, vegetables, poultry, etc.,
as well as honey. Last fall, by re-

quest, I called on several such dealers
in large cities to learn why certain bee-
keepers' honey was not sold. Each
dealer said he could not sell honey so
long as the big supply of perishable
fruit was on his hands: the honey
would keep, and he could sell that
later. I found tons of once fancy comb
honey, also extracted honey, in their
cellars. The comb honey had a bad,
watery appearance, was in soak-stain-
ed cases, and the barrels and kegs had
been rolled in the coal dust on the
floor. Besides this, some thin, extract-
ed honey was working out, and sour-
ing. Do you wonder the honey was
slow selling, and the the bee-keepers
talking of the National Association
selling the honey?

THE DAMAGE DONE BY PUTTING UN-
RIPE HONEY ON THE MARKET.

Another cause of slow sales is, many
are not careful to extract well-ripened
honey. In southern California and
parts of Texas, and Arizona, where
there is scorching sunshine every day,
and the honey is nearly ripened in the

230

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

flowers, it may be possible for the bee-
keeper there to take ripened honey
before being- capped by the bees. I
have been in many of the States from
California to New York, and I fail to
find any other locality where the qual-
ity of honey is like that ripened and
capped over in the hive by the bees.
In New York, buckwheat honey, if
ripened well, sells easily; but I will
guarantee that any market will soon
be ruined with a little unripened, sour
honey. American people eat an
abundance of sweets, and are willing-
to pay a fair price if they know it is
pure, and not injurious to health.

Get our honey before the people in
neat, attractive packag-es, the same as
any canned goods, then, in a short
time, by a little advertising, we will
be sold out, and buying more honej' to
fill our orders.

ADVERTISING EXTRACTED HONEY AND

PUTTING IT UPON THE HOME

MARKET.

My little home-city of 3,500 people,
consumes, each year, about 14,000
pounds of extracted, and 700 pounds
of comb honey, besides some adulter-
ated syrup that is sold to those who
wish something "cheap." All this
without any "peddling." Just thirty
years ago we sold comb honey, in
large boxes, at 25 cents per pound.
We then got our first extractor. I
wrote short articles for our local pa-
pers, telling how the honey was ex-
tracted, and how much better it was
than the old-fashioned strained honey
mixed with bee-bread and other for-
eign material. At public gatherings,
in the city park, I took combs of honey,
the extractor and uncapping knife, in
the band-stand where all could see the
honey extracted. Then I passed
around the combs, also the honey in
my nicely labeled pails with a spoon
to sample it with. I was careful to
advertise that such honey was for sale
in every produce store in the city, at
the same price as I there sold it. Some-

times, if sales were not as good as
usual, we would take the light wagon
with a barrel of nice honey, the barrel
fitted with a faucet, and scales to
weigh with, and peddle out one or two
barrels, taking special pains to inform
customers that they could get more like
it at any time in nearly any store in
the city, and, at the same price — 10 cents
per pound.

THE MOST DESIRABLE PACKAGES FOR
RETAILING AND SHIPPING EX-
TRACTED HONEY.

For a few years we bought glass,
Mason fruit jars to supply stores with,
and then we got a better package, the
common tin pails, holding 2, 3, 5, and
10 pounds, respectively. This worked
well, except that once in awhile the
driver would break a jar, or get a pail
cover off, in either case he was sure to
have a muss in the delivery wagon, if
not on some goods. I then changed to
the friction top cans and pails, the
same packag-e now used in every gro-
cery store to sell syrups in. They
never leak, nor break, and are easil}'
opened. They are the best package
for honey I ever saw. I buy cans of
the American Can Company, Chicago,
at the following prices: —

For home market: —

2 pound cans @ $2.15 per 100 F.
O. B. Chicago.

3 pound cans @ $2. 75 per 100.
5 pound pails @ $4.75 per 100.
10 pound pails @ $6.25 per 100.

Shipping packages: —
Basswood barrels, 350 pounds,

85 cents each at Menasha, Wis.
Kegs, 50 pounds, 23 cents.
5 gallon square cans, 2 in a case,
hlyi cents at Cleveland factory.
5 gallon round cans, flat top, screw
cap, jacketed, @ 31 cents in
small lots, or 30 cents in 150 can
lots, F. O. B. Chicago.
For the city trade the 2- and 3-pound
sizes sell best. The 5- and 10-pound
sizes are best for the farmer-trade.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

231

For shipping to market, the last named
package (five-gallon, round can with
flat top) is by far the best selling, also
the easiest handled, and the best in
which to liquify honey in, at any
house. Every retail package has my
label on, and the price marked thereon,
which, most of the time, lias been sold
at 10 cents per pound for the honey,
then add the cost of the package. Dur-
ing the last two seasons I have chang-
ed it to 8 cents for the honey. The
meat markets each sell from $50 to $150
worth of honey per year. General
grocerj' stores sell the most.

As for the pay for the honey, the
merchant is satisfied with the profit on
his goods, but if I draw any money it
is at 10 per cent, discount. To save
this discount I get my neighbors, and
often some of my hired help, to take an
order on some store for whatever they
may want.

In the cool rooms of tlie meat markets.

honey soon becomes granulated, and,
once in a month, during winter weath-
er, I see to it, if all packages are
granulated, to exchange some for
freshly liquified ones; take those home
and set the cans in a little water, then,
when liquified, put on new wrappers,
and they are again ready for market.
Many now prefer the granulated. As
each package has directions how to
easily melt the honey, there is less de-
mand for the exchanging of cans. The
frontispiece this month shows the vari-
ous sizes of packages as they are pre-
pared for market.

Now, if, by a little effort, I can sell
froin 14,000 to 15,000 pounds of honey
each year, at home, in this little city,
I see no reason why others cannot do
as well, or better, and thus all get
better prices, enlarge our circle of
neighbors and friends, and become
better and more useful citizens.

Platteville, Wis., April 4, 1904.

'E^capplim^ aEndl E^teactflim^ Homey
E^pe(ditl®msIyo

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

M'

OW that the "sliook-swarm" meth-
od of managing out-apiaries has
been disposed of, we will come back
and finish up the description of
our method of producing extracted hon-
ey.

With our method of leaving the
honey on the hive until after the sea-
son closes, before extracting, a large
per cent, of it is sealed; in fact, many
upper stories are full of honey that is
sealed clear to the bottom-bar.

Before we can extract, the problem
of uncapping confronts us; and it is no
small matter, either, as it takes quite
a long experience to acquire the knack

of handling the uncapping knife, that
the results will be satisfactory. My
eldest son, Delbert, 16 years old, does
the lion's share of the uncapping, while
Arthur, 15 years old, handles the two-
frame. Cowan extractor. To uncap to
the best advantage, the upper stories
of honey should be stacked up so near
the uncapping tank, that one can stand
in a good position to uncap, and still
be able to reach the honey without
moving. About three upper stories
high is right. Then, on the side to-
wards the extractor there should be an
empty upper story with a pan under it
to catch the drip. This is to put the

232

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

combs in after uncapping-. If placed
on top of two upper stories, it is about
the rig-ht heig^ht.

A RACK FOR HOLDING UNCAPPED COMBS

In place of this upper story for hold-
ing the combs of honey after they are
uncapped, it may be well to describe
an arrang-ement that we are having-
made for this purpose. Imagine a hive
body 20 inches wide, without sides,
with legs at each corner, made of ^x3
inch strips nailed on the outside of the
ends, even with the top, and long
enough so as to make it the right height
for convenience. We are making the
legs of ours a little long, and they will
be sawed off at the bottom when we
find the length we want them. The
ends, instead of being solid boards,
will be made of strips two inches wide,
twenty inches long and seven-eighths
of an inch thick, without rabbets ; then,
down on the legs, eleven inches from
the top, will be nailed more of the
strips, and, on top of these strips, four
more will be nailed, at equal distances
apart. These last are to set the drip-
ping pan on. More braces can be nail-
ed on lower down if necessary. Now
we have a box, without sides, 18 '4x20
inches and ten inches deep, furnished
with legs.

We now go to the tinsmith and have
him make a dripping pan 19x20 inches
in size, one or two inches deep, with
an inch hole in the middle of the bot-
tom, into which is soldered an inch-
spout, projecting downwards, beneath
which a pail is to be set.

UNCAPPING ONE SIDE OF A COMB AT
ONE CLIP.

We now see that the Bingham uncap-
ping knife is sharp; take a frame of
honey with both hands in the usual
way, place it on end, resting it upon
the two sticks above the uncapping
tank. With the left hand near the top,
the frame is held in a convenient posi-
tion until we get our knife started at
the bottom end. We start in clear

across the comb, as we expect to un -
cap at least 90 per cent, of it the first
time over. We hold the knife so the
bevel on the under side is in line with
the comb. This will throw the lower
edge of the knife ofif, away from the
comb, nearl)'^ an inch. Now, as we
start up, drawing the knife slightly
endwise, we begin to push the top of
the comb to the right, until it stands
perpendicular. We go clear through
the whole length of the comb at one
cut. If we do a good job, the uncap-
ping will be done, except some spots
in an uneven comb, as a little along
the bottom bar. If the comb is held
right, and the knife likewise, as has
been explained, the uncappings will
not touch the comb after being cut off,
but will go direct into the tank below;
and a few touches here and there fin-
ishes the work.

ADVANTAGE OF THICK COMBS.

If you have followed us thus far,
you will remember we use only eight
combs in a ten-frame upper story.
This is about 1 ^-inch spacing. With
this wide spacing we get great, fat
combs of honeys and then we run our
uncapping knife deep, cutting the comb
clear down even with the frame, and
there are hardly ever any combs so
uneven but what the knife will uncap
them the first time over. This makes
it possible to uncap much faster, and
there are less combs to handle. I do
not think it would be putting it too
strong to say that two, ten-frame upper
stories, with eight combs in, can be
uncapped as quickly as one with ten
combs in; and then the eight frames
can be extracted in one-fifth less time.
Besides this we get a good deal more
wax; and I can not see as it costs
anything extra, this drawing out of
the combs each year. I can not con-
ceive of a more puttering job, then try-
ing to uncap narrow-spaced combs
with thick top-bars. Before we began
to use wide-spacing in the upper stor-
ies, it took two of us most of the time

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

233

to do the uncapping, if we made any
headway; now Delbert alone will un-
cap more honey than any two-frame
extractor will handle; and we are con-
templating- putting- in a four-frame
machine in the future. It is surpris-
ing- how quickly one of these fat combs
can be uncapped. A man who never
saw any uncapping done, stood look-
ing at Delbert slicing off the whole
side of a comb at one clip, the whole
operation taking perhaps four or five
seconds, when he remarked: "It's a
regular skinning machine! Were I to
run that knife like that I would not
have any fingers on that left hand, in
about three minutes." Probably the
worst mistake made in uncapping is
in holding the comb at such an angle
that the cappings, after being cut off,
fall back on the comb, necessitating
going all over the comb a second time,
to scrape off the loose cappings, thus
consuming more time than it took to
uncap it in the first place. Then oth-
ers, when they have run their knife,
say one-third the way over the comb,
or when they think they have all the
cappings their knife will hold, stop
and scrape their knife on the vmcap-
ping tank; in fact, it does seem as
though some parties trying to uncap
honey, spend half their time scraping
and cleaning their knife. The only
time a knife needs cleaning is when
one has been so bung-ling as to get
some particles of comb daubed over
the edge.

MAKING THE COMBS "BALANCE" IN
THE EXTRACTOR.

It does not require as much experi-
ence to handle tbe extractor, as it
does the uncapping knife, and if the
weather is warm, and the combs of
even weight, everything will work
smoothly ; but, as it often happens, the
conditions are not always this way.
It sometimes happens that it is an ad-
vantage to commence extracting in the
morning, a little before the honey is
warm enough to handle to good advan-

tage; in this case we instruct Arthur,
who runs the extractor, something like
this: "Now we are commencing a little
early this morning, and as last night
was a little cold, you will turn at a
good brisk speed, the same as usual,
only you will have to turn longer. You
cannot gain much by turningya5/i?r, as
it takes about so long, anyway, to get
the honey out. By watching the spray
on the side of the extractor can, and
occasionally lifting the combs, you can
tell when you have turned long enough;
and when you once get the knack, you
will know without looking, when they
are done, almost the second the honey
is all out." Select combs as near of a
weight as you can find; and here
comes in one of the advantages of the
comb-rack, pi-eviously described, as
this holds several combs, thus allow-
ing a selection. It is not always nec-
essary to select combs that will weigh
the same, to balance in the extractor.
To illustrate: an upper story that is
two-thirds full, will have its central-
combs full, but as we go towards each
side they commence to be lighter. We
will suppose the outside frame has one
pound in the side towards the wall of
the hive, and two povnids on the side
towards the center; the second comb
has two pounds on the outside, and
three on the other; now; if we put the
light side of the light comb, and the
heavy side of the heavy one out, when
placing them in the extractor, they will
after the first turn or two, be of the
same weight. This idea comes in play
often in putting combs into the extrac-
tor. The experienced eye is quick to
take in the situation, and put in combs
that will balance well.

PUTTING THE HONEY IN THE TANK.

It is not practicable, with our system
of setting bees on rented ground, to go
into anything elaborate, such as run-
ning the honey direct from the extrac-
tor to the tank; so the best we can do is
to draw it off into a 16-quart pail, and
empty into the tank by hand. Now,

234

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

there is a right and a wrong- way of
doing this. A few years ago we used
to run our extractor gate open all the
time; that is, we would set our pail
under the gate, and, when full, shut
the gate, and empty the honey into the
tank, and, leaving it draining, take a
second pail and set under the gate and
open the gate again. This plan has
objections to it. You have to keep
your mind on the pail all the time; and
even then, you are quite sure to let it
run over once in a while. We even went
to the expense of having a galvanized
steel pan made to set the pail in so

that when the pail ran over, the pan
would catch the honey. This fuss and
worry is all done away with now. We
simply use one pail, and when the re-
volving frame of the extractor begins
to swim, we set a pail under the gate,
and, with the 2)^-inch gate on the
modern extractor, draw out a pail,
and, with the honey warm, as it is
when first extracted, it does not take
one-fourth of a minute, then it is emp-
tied, and the pail is left on the tank to
drain until the extractor is full again.

Remus. Mich. Feb. 22, 1904.

8't<^^^q^<^

Acdvertlslimj

BY WM. HAHMAN.

T read with interest your sug-
i gestions in alateissueofthe Review on
the subject of the bee keepers doing
some advertising to offset the misstate-
ments made by the American Corn
Product Company in comparing their
product, Karo Korn Syrup, with
honey. I also noticed, in the last issue
of Gleanings, that the editor suggests
that the National Association take up
the advertising of extracted honey. I
have given considerable thought to the
subject of the marketing of extracted
honey, and, since you call for sugges-
tions, I take the liberty to set forth
my ideas on the subject.

It is a righteous indignation that is
aroused in the minds of bee-keepers,
when they see such bold statements set
forth in the daily papers, and in the
monthly magsizines, by the American
Corn Product Company regarding
their glucose syrup. In this instance
comparison is simply odious, and no
doubt many bee-keepers all over the

land feel called upon to do something
toward righting this injustice, and
telling the public how it is being de-
ceived.

The problem is not a small one, and
before anything can be done it is very
important that the objects to be desired
should be thought out carefully, and
then as careful fighting done, on the
gain to the bee-keepers in carrying
out a campaign of self protection, and
what it will cost.

WHAT ARE BEE-KEEPERS LOSING BY
THE ADVERTISEMENTS OF THE
AMERICAN CORN PROD-
UCT COMPANY?

To take up, first, the subject of the
object to be gained. "What are the
beekeepers losing bj'the advertisements
of the American Corn Product Com-
pany?" It is assumed that the sale
of the glucose syrup is displacing the
sale of just so much extracted honey,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

235

but this assumption is not strictly cor-
rect. The consumption of g"lucose
syrup is larg"ely increased — there is
no doubt about that. The consump
tion of extracted lioney Diay be decreas-
ed, and probably is, but that parties
who are and have been buying extract-
ed honey will cease buying honey and
buy glucose syrup instead, is probably
incorrect. The direct result, there-
fore, of the pushing of the sale of Karo
Korn Syrup, is not to displace the sale
of extracted hone3' with parties who
have been using honey, but parties
who have never used honey will buy
Karo Korn Syrup, the}^ will like it and
continue to buy it. These same parties
might be induced, and probably could
be induced, to buy honey instead of
Korn Syrup if the two articles were
offered at the same price and were
equally well advertised.

In my opinion, the extensive adver-
tising of Karo Korn Syrup will not
result so much in a decrease of the
consumption of honey as in the check-
ing of an increased consumption of
honey, and an enormous increase in
the use of all kinds of syrup, particu-
lar!}' of Karo Korn Syrup.

ARE BEE - KEEPERS PREPARED TO
FURNISH THE MARKET WITH
MORE HONEY?

The question is raised, are beekeep-
ers prepared to furnish the market
with a large increase in the amount of
extracted honey for consumption, and
are they in position to sell this honey
in competition with Karo Korn Syrup
in like quantities, for the same price?
If this question can be answered in
the affirmative, without beingqualified,
then bee-keepers are warranted in
taking some steps toward putting this
before the public as prominently as
the American Corn Product Compan}'^
is advertising its wares.

From the appearance of the adver-
tisements of the American Corn Product
Company I am led to believe that it is

spending enormous sums of money on
its advertising. The advertisements
have an individuality, a personality,
and considerable force. This means
the services of advertising experts,
which cost money. The extent of the
advertisements also indicates the
spendingof lots of money. If it is worth
while for the bee-keepers to take up
this matter at all, it must be done
thoroughly, and with a liberal use of
cash and brains. This is a problem
entirely too large for the National Bee-
keepers' Association. Aside from
this, the National Association is not
the proper organization to carry on
this work. The object of the National
Association, as I understand it, is to
help the members of this Association,
and the membership of the National
Association is too small to carry out
this work properly. Since each mem-
ber pays the same dues, regardless of
the quantity of honey put on the mar-
ket, it would be unjust to the small
bee-keepers to contribute their funds
to be used for the larger benefit of the
extensive bee-keepers.

WHAT CAN BE HOPED FOR FROM AD-
AERTISING?

To take up the second subject, what
is gained by the bee-keepers, and what
is it going to cost? If bee-keepers are
putting on the market, say 1,000,000
pounds of honey, and they get $50,000
for it, the object of extensive advertis-
ing should be either to increase the
quantity sold to 2,000,000 pounds, and
get $100,000 for it, or to put on the
market 1,500,000 pounds and get a
better price for it, making an income
of say $100,000. Do bee-keepers want
to do either one of these things, or a
combination of both? How much is it
worth to bee-keepers to secure the
extra $50,000? If either of the objects
can be secured by the expenditure of
$25,000, then bee-keepers ought to take
hold of it.

236

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

If there is nothing- better in sig-ht
than to continue selling 1, 000, 000 pounds
of honey at $50,000, there is nothing- to
be g-ained by rising- up in wrath and
denouncing- the American Corn Prod-
uct Company for interfering- with the
bee-keepers' business. It is simply a
business proposition of raising- a cer-
tain amount of cash to spend in the
leg-itimate object of increasing- the sale
of the product of the apiary.

I firmly believe that the American
bee-keeping: industries should combine
to carry on this large work of increas-
ing the consumption of their product.
They should not leave the sale and the
pushing of the sale entirely to the
middleman. As long as they do that,
they must sell their product at five
cents a pound, and make the consumer
pay twenty or twenty-five cents a pound
for honey.

AN ORGANIZATION COULD BE FORMED
FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES.

I believe that an organization should
be formed under such a comprehensive
name as the American Bee-keepers'
Association, which would take in the
bee-keepers of Canada and Cuba, fix-
ing the price of membership in this
association at so much a colony, spring
count, each year. Five cents a colony
would be a small amount, and might
be sufficient to procure the funds neces-
sary to properly carry on the work of
such an organization. The first object
of such an orgaiiization should be to
get up a trademark, to be registered
in the United States Patent Office.
The second, to have printed a large
number of labels bearing this trade
mark, to be furnished to each member
of the association; third, to advertise
extensively the fact that the American
Bee-keepers' Association is furnishing
strictly pure guaranteed honey, at the
same price that inferior and injurious
syrups can be bought for, reproducing
in the advertisement the trade mark of
the American Bee-Keepers' Associa-

tion, so that the public could look for
it just as they look for the name
"Karo" when they want to buy molas-
ses. This method would give the
public confidence in honey, which is
at the present time sadly lacking; at
least, it is lacking in this market, for
almost every person with whom I have
talked on the subject of buying ex-
tracted honey, did not want to bu}' it
at the grocery stores because they do
not believe that there is any honey in
it.

FEAR OF ADULTERATION GREATLY LES-
SENS THE SALE OF HONEY.

I believe that thousands of people
would buy honey who do not now buy
it, if they were sure that they were
getting real honey and not a mere mix-
ture of glucose and sugar syrup.

The business end of the proposition
could onlj^ be worked out by having at
the head of the organization an ener-
getic business man, who has had
experience in extensive advertising,
and who has more than the average
quantity of brains. Such a man could
be found, but he could not be employed
at a trifling salary.

ADVERTISING -WILL PUT UP THE PRICE

Perhaps the foregoing outline will
give you an opportunity to do a little
figuring on the possible receipts and
expenditures of an organization such
as is set forth. I firmly believe that
the increased consumption of honey
that would result from such a course
of advertising, would make it possible
for the producers of honey to get a
better price for their product than they
are getting at the present time. Price
is a matter of supply and demand.
The object of advertising would be to
increase the demand, and I do not at
all doubt that the demand would be so
largely increased that the price of
honey would go up, and the increase
would go to the producer.

Altoona, Penn. May 21,1904.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

237

>veipst®cl}liimtf Varies witli t'h.i

BY M. A. GILL.

"HDITOR REVIEW:— I read with
-L- ' much interest the article from Mr.
Alexander upon the question of over-
stocking'. I ag-ree with him in many
things, but wish to mention a few
points wherein I disagree, and g'ive
the reasons why.

BEES GATHER MORE HONEY WHEN
PASTURES ARE NEAR BY.

I agree with him and Doolittle that
bees do g"ather honey four miles from
home, but insist that they could gath-
er more surplus if they were within
one or two miles of the field. Four
years ago I had one apiary within
half a mile of a larg^e and productive
field of cleome, and another apiary
four miles away. Both worked on the
same field; but, in the fall, the colonies
close by had averaged two supers
of surplus more per colony than had
those that were four miles away.

Overstocking does not show up dur-
ing a £'Ood flow, or, perhaps, what
might be called an unusual secretion,
but it is during a light honey-flow, or
dearth, that the bad effects of over-
stocking show up. I believe, with
Mr. Alexander, that, during a good
flow, the secretion of honey goes on
all the time, night and day; and it
matters not much /ww often the flowers
are visited, the honey is there at all
times for the bees to gather. But during-
a poor j'ield it is different. The bees
will lick up the field by ten o'clock and
then lie idle the rest of the day, or
spend their time trying to rob and pil-
fer.

SOME EXAMPLES OF OVERSTOCKING.

Three years ago, 1,000 colonies, here
at Longmont, that were located on

one square mile, did as well during a
long, good flozv, as those farther out,
but during the next season, which was
a very poor one, 600 colonies, on the
same field did much less in storing
surplus than did apiaries farther out
and in naturally poorer fields.

I think, with Mr. Alexander, that
often more bees can be kept upon a
given field than is laid down by the
law makers, but Nature, in this, as in
all other matters, has certainly placed
a limit, and I believe that limit is
under from 700 to 1,000 colonies, as
Mr. Alexander suggests.

In the field in which I am now oper-
ating 1,000 colonies, and which is,
practically speaking, 10 x 18 miles in
size, is located over 5,000 colonies, in-
cluding my own. My apiaries run
from 75 to 150 colonies, in each apiary.
Two of my apiaries are located in the
center of this field, closely surrounded
by other bees, and these apiaries have
to be fed, both fall and spring, if the
season is not good, while my other
apiaries, located on the very outside,
or, rim, so to speak, of the field, get
some honey even in poor seasons, and
are nearly always in good condition.

My average is much above the aver-
age for the whole field. In poor sea-
sons I think this is due to my advan-
tage in location, but in good seasons I
think it is, perhaps, due to the fact
that my bees have better care than the
average of the district. I feel certain
that some of my apiaries could be
be doubled in number, and the results
per colony be the same in good seasons,
but who knows, with any degree of
surety, when we are going to have
favorable or unfavorable seasons?

238

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

DOES NATURE SOMETIMES GIVE A

FIELD A "rest" from HONEY

SECRETION?

Another point I wish to bring- out,
and one in which I will, no doubt, be
derided and criticised, is this, that
Nature sometimes rests certain fields.
Who can say that there is not some el-
ement or condition in the soil that as-
sists in the secretion of nectar, that
this condition, or element becomes ex-
hausted by continual honey flows, and
that Nature rests, so to speak, given
fields for a 3'ear, occasionally, to allow
those conditions to again take place in
the soil? I know I have had apiaries
that seemed to work almost entirelj^ in
a certain direction for a year or two,
then, the next season work almost en-

tirely on a field that was neglected the
year before.

as in many THINGS, THE MIDDLE-
GROUND IS SAFEST.

On the question of overstocking I
will sa.y that I may be found about
half way between the big crowd and
Mr. Alexander, who seems to be all by
himself away out on the frontier; and
to a portion of the big crowd I would
say, don't be scared if a few more bees
come into your field; to the over zealous
who would like to fix up a big plant,
and operate 1,000 colonies in one apia-
ry, I would say, don't do it. You
might succeed in a good field, and dur-
ing a good season, but, in my opinion,
you would meet with disaster during a
long dearth of honey.

LONGMONT, Colo., May 27, 1904.

>'*^>t*tl' ^^I'^'^t' »^U»V»^> »Ak^^F»^ •X»^*^1t» »^r»^UF»^ »^rii^^^^« *^r»^k»» » IL** « »^*.»V«*^ Wnt»U»U« «^»^U»^L» »^*^^F^^

«^rfn«TW« ««jr».*«*^ i*^^.^*' « ^ir^<^»n « ^*^<^«r« <^«^i^MW <^ir^*^«^«n^n«^«^^^«» «^*^mh«h ^^iH*^»-« « «^^*^^« .-«^n««rf« »Hi««^x«

The Rural Bee-Keeper improves
with each issue.

Opportunity is seldom lacking so
much as the readiness and ability to
make the most of it.

Elmore M. Hunt and wife, of Bell
Branch, Michigan, are rejoicing over
their first baby — a girl.

A Man amounts to something just in
proportion as he devotes his energies
to the welfare of others.

C. Theilman, of Minnesota, one of
those sturdy, earnest, enthusiastic
German bee-keepers, passed away

May 30.

The Review is jealous of no other
journal. None of them will ever be
as prosperous as the Review wishes
they might become.

H. C. Morehouse and Gleanings
are to be congratulated, as the former
has been engaged by the latter to con-
duct a Western Department.

Dr. C. L. Parker, a well-known
bee-keeper of Syracuse, N. Y. is dead.
He was the one with whom Irving
Kinyon took his first lessons, as men-
tioned recently in the Review.

A Report of the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association, also that of the
Northwestern, very neatly printed by
Geo. W. York & Co., has come to my
desk, for which I express my thanks.

Mrs. Lucinda Harrison, formerly
of Illinois, but later of Florida, has
recently passed away. She was one
of the pioneers in bee-keeping, and
wrote many articles for the bee jour-
nals and farm papers.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

239

The Review does not have for its
object that of out-doing, or out-shin-
ing other bee journals. The one idea
always kept in view is tliat of helping
bee-keepers; and in doing this it stands
ready at all times to join hands with
any or all of the other journals.

^ni^tw^'it'ii'

Mr. Geo. W. Brodbeck has been
compelled to retire from the the presi-
dency of the California National Honey
Producers' Association, on account of
ill health. He is succeeded by Mr. T.
O. Andrews. I hope Mr. Brodbeck
will be able to attend the National
convention at St. Louis, next Septem-
ber.

• ^i^i^*" Mf^if

An Even Temper is an excellent
thing to cultivate; not only in regard
to angry passions, but all other pas-
sions as well. Some men not only al-
low misfortune to rob them of hope
and cheerfulness, but a little success
fairly takes them off their feet. We
should never be unduly cast down, nor
unduly elated.

«T>«»*^<^«^J'^

"All Things come to him who
waits," is an old saying with which I
never felt entirely satisfied. It is all
right to wait if necessary, but tliere
must be something more. Here is the
way that Thos. A. Edison puts it, and
it adds the one thing needful. He says
"All things come to him who hustles
while he waits."

■mi^fM^'x'^'

Staples are something of which I
drove about a peck into my frames
when I first began bee-keeping. I did
this because everybody was talking
staples. I have been pulling them out
ever since, and they are for sale cheap.
We buy too many of these traps that
we would be better without. Keep on
telling us what ?ioi to do — there has
been too much telling us what to do. —
C. Crank, Mio, Mich.

The Western Bee Journal is the
name of the new , journal formed from
the union of the Pacific States and
Rocky Mountain bee journals. It is
a monthly at $1.00 a year. It is club-
bed with the Review at $1.75 for both
journals.

Cleaning Sections can be very
easily and quickly accomplished by
rubbing them over a piece of coarse-
mesh wire cloth stretched over a stout
wooden frame, provided the propolis is
not down in a "bee-way" where the
wire can not reach it. Plain sections
can be very easily cleaned in this way.

Mr. C. A. Olmstead described this
plan last winter at one of the bee con-
ventions that I attended in York State.

Bicycles have been recommended
as a means of reaching out-apiaries,
but here is something that I found
penciled upon the back of a sheet of
manuscript: "When a man goes to an
out-apiary on a bicycle, he has done a
day's work before he gets there."
Any bee-keeper in the business very
extensively needs a horse for many
purposes, and it is doubtful if, all
things considered, there is a more de-
sirable method of going to out-apiaries
than with a horse.

Mr. M. a. Gill has, in this issue of
the Review, placed the question of
over-stocking in the clearest possible
light, viz., that there are occasional
flows of honey when it is well-nigh
impossible to overstock the field, but in
ordinary seasons, or light flows, it is
an easy matter. As I have said be-
fore, each man must judge for himself;
and, after years of experience and ob-
servation, about all of the satisfaction
that he will get will be that of think-
ing that he knows somewhere nair how
many colonies it is profitable to keep
in certain locations.

240

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Schools of Correspondence are now
teaching- almost everything, in fact, I
have often wondered that some one did
not start a correspondence school for
teaching bee-keeping, and now I see
by an advertisement in the last issue
of the Youth's Companion, that no less
a firm than our old friends, the Roots,
of Medina, Ohio, have done this very
thing-. I believe that no person or firm
in this country is better fitted than they
for making a success of such a venture,
and I shall watch the outcome with
much interest.

^'^M<^•mJ•M^^^^^

TESTING OUEENS.

Too many of us are too hasty in
deciding about the value of a queen.
As soon as we find that she produces
three-banded bees, we call her "test-
ed." She is tested only in regard to
purity of stock, and there are several
other important points. Mr. Evan E.
Edwards tells in Gleanings how he
tests a queen before using her as a
breeder. During the first season he
gets 2i partial test as to prolificness,
also as to gentleness, size and indus-
try of the workers. The following
winter will test as to hardiness and
longevity ; but the real test, the one
that settles the question, is the suc-
ceeding harvest. If the queen and her
progeny equal or outstrip the stock
he already has, then, and not until
then, does he breed from the strange
stock. As a rule, he carries the test
even farther by rearing a granddaugh-
ter or two, to guard against "back"
breeding; as it sometimes happens that
while the daughter may be the very
best, the granddaughters develop
undesirable traits. When a queen
has been through this ordeal, she is
then "tested."

v»^^iF»»v»u«

The National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold its annual convention
next September, in St. Louis, Missou-

ri, and the followingnotice has recent-
ly come to hand from its Secretary.
Los Angeles, Calif., June 18, 1904.
Editor Bee Keepers' Review. —

Dear Sir: — The annual session of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association
for 1904 will be held in September, at
St. Louis, Mo.

September 27 and 28 will be devo-
ted to Association work and its inter-
ests.

Sev^tember 29, International Day.
We expect many proininent foreign
bee-keepers to be present on this day.

September 30th, Inspectors' Day,
Twenty bee-inspectors from all over
the United States and Canada are
counted on to introduce and discuss
"The Diseases of Bees, " etc.

Mr. N. E. France will exhibit, in
the convention Hall, a large map of
the United States, Canada, Cuba and
Europe. Each State and Country will
have a shelf attached to the map with
a one-pound sample of each kind of
honey produced. Many other exhibits
of special interest will be shown.

We expect to see the largest gath-
ering of bee-keepers ever held in this
country. A more detailed program
will appear later.

Respectfull}',
Geo. W. Brodbeck, Sec.

another case won by the national
Last fall the village of Central Lake,
Michigan, passed an ordinance pro-
hibiting the keeping of bees inside its
corporate limits. Mr. Henry A. Doty
kept nearly 100 colonies of bees inside
the limits of the village, and it is quite
likely that they ma}^ have been, some-
times, an annoyance to some of his neigh-
bors, but it was greatly exaggerated
by circumstances having no connection
with bee-keeping.

This summer Mr. Doty was arrested
on a charge of violating the ordinance.
An attorney was employed and copies
of decisions in similar cases furnished
him and the justice who was to try the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

241

case. Under instructions from the
General Manag^er, I was present at the
suit to represent the National Associa-
tion. After listening to the arguments
of counsel, the justice said, "If this
case ever goes to a higher court, I am
satisfied that the ordinance will not
stand fifteen minutes, and I shall so
decide."

The question as to whether Mr.
Iloty's bees were a nuisance was not
touched upon; the decision resting sole-
ly upon the constitutionality of the or-
dii ance.

Ohe attorney employed by the Asso-
ciation was the best that could be se-
cured in the county; and the manner
in which he conducted matters showed
me the wisdom of securing the services
of the best possible counsel when going
to law; he is half the battle — sometimes
prett}' nearly "the whole thing."

•^jr^i^jr*^"*^

"talking beks" to school chil-
dren.

Mr. O. L. Hershiser has been "talk-
ing bees" to the school children of
Buffalo. As there are about 3,500
of the seventh grade, which is the
grade to which he spoke, and only
about 300 could listen at one time, his
labors extended over two weeks. A
series of stereopticon views was used
to illustrate the lectures, and so rapt
was the attention that a pin could have
been heard to fall at any time. Glean-
ings, from which I gather the forego-
ing, proposes to make sets of slides
that will be sold at a nominal price,
or rented, and suggests that this
laudable movement begun in Buf-
falo be taken up in other cities.
It well says that: "The greatest diffi-
culty with which we now have to con-
tend, is ignorance as to the character
and quality of our product Over half
of the people suppose that comb honey
is manufactured, and a large part of
the other believe that liquid honey is
largely glucosed. The public needs

to be enlightened, and the quickest
way to do It is through the children.
Get a child all fired up with enthusi-
asm, and he will tell his papa and
mama what wonderful things he has
heard. Then he will want some pure
honey, and his parents will have to
get some, of course."

A FINE PICTURE OE CALIFORNIA BEE-
KEEPING.

Good Housekeeping for June has a
most excellent and beautiful, as well
as graphic, pen- and camera-picture
of California bee-keeping; and it is
furnished by no other than Flora
Mclntyre, the eldest daughter of our
old friend, J. F. Mclntyre. For one
so young, and with so little experience
in writing for the press, it is a re-
markable piece of work. She seems
to have known exactly what to leave
out, as well as what to tell, to make it
of interest to the general public.
Many old writers have handled their
subject less skillfully. The closing
paragraphs border closely upon the
romantic or poetical, and are a decid-
edly clever piece of work. It is to be
hoped that Miss Mclntyre will contin-
ue to use and improve her talent, for
talent she certainly has in this direc-
tion.

ADVANTAGES OF LATE-REARED QUEENS.

So many times there comes to the
bee journal editor the query: "When
is the best time to buy and introduce
queens?" Many seem to have an idea
that the spring is the best time to do
this work. Unless there was some
special reason for doing otherwise, I
should always buy and introduce
queens in the fall. In the first place,
queens are scarce in the spring and
prices are high. Next, if there is a
failure to introduce, and the bees get
the brood nest overloaded with honey,
and there is a break in brood rearing

242

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

for a week or ten days, the colony is
practically useless for the clover honey
harvest. Again, early in the season,
unless it is very early, the colony is
populous, combs full of brood, and
everything is booming. The bee-keep-
er is busy, or ought to be, and it is not
"good business" to be tearing up, and
disturbing, and throvping out of
equilibrium, a colony just on the eve
of a honey harvest.

Queens reared after the honey sea-
son is over are every whit as good as
any queens, if the breeder under-
stands his business, and attends to it.
It is just possible that they may be
less inclined to swarm. The hurry of
the season is over, and the bee-keeper
has more time to attend to the business
of introducing queens. If there is a
failure to introduce, there will be no
consequent loss of a honey crop. Still
further, the queen that is introduced,
being a young queen, will lay later in
the season than will an old queen,
and, as a result, the colony will go
into winter with a larger proportion of
young bees. And now for the last and
best point: The queen will be young
and vigorous the next spring, and
will push her colony ahead in a way
that is seldom seen with an old queen.

If 3'ou have never tried it, do it this
fall. Introduce some really good,
young queens that have just begun to
lay, and see how the colonies will win-
ter, come through the spring, and
boom ahead of all others.

»>-fc'*.»li.»»T>ar'^

THE ARTIFICIAL COMB HONEY CANARD
STILL DOING ITS DEADLY WORK.

It is doubtful if one man ever work-
ed more damage to the bee-keeping
industry than did Prof. Wiley when he
committed his "scientific pleasantry,"
years ago in the Popular Science
Monthly. Of course, there was a tar-
dy and reluctant correction, but truth
never seems to be able to travel fast

enough to overtake falsehood. Being
of a sensational nature, and coming
from a supposedly reliable source, the
United States chemist, it was copied
far and wide, and believed. Many
times was it repeated, but few, if any,
were the papers that published a cor-
rection. Even now, a correction is se-
cured only after all possible pressure
is brought to bear upon them.

In this connection, it affords me
pleasure to say that Prof. Wiley deep-
ly regrets his indulgence in this "sci-
entific pleasantry," and is really a
friend to bee-keepers, and doing all
that he can for their benefit, but this
does not undo the mischief he has done;
in fact, Ernest Root writes me that
nine-tenths of the general public be-
lieve that comb honey can be, and is,
made artificially; and, if it were not
for this belief, comb honey would sell
for a much higher price. We bee-
keepers must go outside of our own
class to realize this. For instance,
commercial travellers have a most ex-
cellent opportunity to know the gener-
al belief of the public, and Ernest
Root writes me that it is wonderful to
know the number of these men who
visit Medina and are surprised toknow
that there is no such thing as artificial
comb hone}\ When asked if they don't
eat honey, say they don't care to eat
manufactured comb filled with glucose.

I recently mentioned in the Review
that this old story of manufactured
comb honey had appeared in that
usually reliable paper, the Ladies'
Home Journal, and urged my readers
to write to its editor and ask him to
correct it. I also wrote to him myself.
The editors of the other journals pur-
sued a similar course, and we now
have assurances that a correction will
appear as soon as it is possible to make
it, which may not be until October, as
the great circulation of the Journal
necessitates the preparation and print-
ing of the paper a longtime in advance
of the date of its appearance.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

243

There is also another case, that of
Prof. L. B. Allyn, Instructor in
Organic Chemistry at the State Nor-
mal School, Westfield, Mass. He has
recently had an article in the Spring--
tield Republican, of Spring-field, Mass.,
in which he says that "Honey boug^ht
in the open market, and retailing at
from 20 to 25 cents per pound, was
found to contain glucose, flavored with
formic acid. The comb of paraffin
wax was made by machinery."

When Mr. A. I. Root sent in a letter
of protest, it was published, but the
Professor stoutly maintained his posi-
tion, saj'ing that he had in his posses-
sion a small quantity of the original
sample that he would submit to any
reliable chemist. The remainder of
the sample was on exhibition at St.
Louis, with other illustrations of work
done at that laboratory. It is quite
likely that this sample at St. Louis
is placarded as "artificial comb honey"
and it is where it will be seen and
commented upon by thousands and
thousands; and, coming from this
source, it will be looked upon as reli-
able.

This same Professor has an article
in the June issue of Good House-Keep-
ing, in which he says that one of the
principal uses of glucose is that of
"feeding bees."

Prof. Allyn is undoubtedly a good
chemist, but when he goes outside of
his realm, and writes as facts, what
is simply hearsay, he is, in this case,
doing untold damage to our industry.
I wrote to him, and went carefully over
the case, calling his attention to the
fact, which he had evidently overlook-
ed, that Prof. Wiley had corrected his
"scientific pleasantry," and asked him
to send what he had left of his "ma-
chine-made" product to Mr. Selser, of
Philadelphia, who is a practical bee-
keeper, a chemist, aud a dealer in
honey. I received a good letter from
the Professor saying that if he could
be convinced that he was mistaken he

would gladly make the necessary cor-
rection, and that he would send to Mr.
Selser what he had left of the suspected
sample of comb honey. He also thank-
ed me for the fair and courteous man-
ner in which I had addressed him,
which he said was in pleasing contrast
with some of the lettershehad received.
I mention this because I wish to em-
phasize the importance of being exceed-
ingly courteous and fair when writing
to persons who have been misled into
uttering this old canard. We must
bear in mind that they were probably
sincere when they wrote or published
it, and that there is a certain humilia-
tion in admitting that they "didn't
know what they were talking about."
For this reason, the matter should be
taken up with the utmost tact and
diplomacy. Think how you would feel
if you were in the other fellow's place;
how thankful j'ou would be to the man
who, while pointing- out your error in
the kindest way imaginable, and ex-
plaining and proving his position
most clearly, did not forget to excuse
you for making the error, and, at the
same time showed you how to make a
correction with the least humiliation
to yourself. Above all things, don't
be abusive; don't bluster; don't threat-
en. It may become necessary at a
later stage to say that the National
Association may find it necessary to
use its money and influence if certain
things are not done, but don't use this
until it is necessary. Remember this,
if you wish to convert a man to your
way of thinking, don't arouse his com-
bativeness.

*»it»ii/i»^*^^^

EXPERT ADVICE.

I doubt if it is generally known that
there are men who go about the coun-
try giving expert advice to business
men, merchants, manufacturers, and
the like. Perhaps these men might be
called "s3'stematizers. " A manufac-
turer, for instance, finds that his busi-

244

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ness is not paying- him, or not proving
as profitable as it ought. He has a
good plant, is doing a good volume of
business, 3'et there a "screw loose"
somewhere, and he is unable to find it.
He finally sends for an expert. When
he comes, everj'thing is thrown open
to him. Nothing is kept back. To
conceal anything would be like de-
ceiving your phj'sician. He spends
several days examining the business
in all of its details. He learns how,
and where, and for how much, and in
what quantities, the raw materials are
purchased. Then the process of man-
ufacture is followed carefully through
all the details. Particular attention
is paid to the system employed, or the
lack of system, to the book-keeping, etc.
Then comes the selling, the metliods
employed, the advertising, etc. The
employees may not know that there is
an expert among them. He may work
as an apprentice in the different de-
partments, and thus get a true view of
things, and not as they would be per-
formed if it were known that some one
was watching. The leak is often
found where least suspected — some-
times there are several leaks. It is
well-nigh impossible to see ourselves,
or our business, as seen by others.
How many times have I seen some
man making a mistake in business. I
knew it was a mistake, just as well as
I could know anj'thing of which I
could not be absolutely certain, but it
was none of my business to tell him
so, and he would have been offended
had I done so. On the other hand, I
have often wished that an expert in my
line of business could come in and
"look me over," and tell me where /
was making mistakes.

These experts, working continuallj^
in this line of work, become really and
truly experts in detecting the weak
spots in a business. The wages that
they command are something fabulous,
but many a man who has emploj^ed
an expert "systematizer, " has found

it money well-spent. Sometimes it is
necessarj^ to wholly re-organize the
business, so to speak, to introduce a
different system, or to make radical
changes, and, again, the trouble may
arise from some simple matter easily
remedied, but not suspected.

In my travels about the country I
often come across apiaries that are in
need of expert advice, of a "systema-
tizer." In some instances, I could very
easily and quickly tell the owner
where he was making a mistake; in
others it might require much examin-
ation and study to locate the trouble;
and it is quite likely that there might
be cases beyond my ken. There are
hundreds of bee-keepers all over this
country who are not successful in the
highest and truest sense. Their lack
of success comes from poor manage-
ment. I don't mean deficient or im-
proper manipulation, as most bee-
keepers understand that part of their
business better than anything else, but
in not taking the proper advantage of
their advantages. What is needed is
some radical change. It may be one
of many things. I have seen some in-
stances in which the best possible
thing a man could do would be to drop
bee-keeping. He was not adapted to
it, and it seriously interfered with
some other business to which he was
adapted. There are localities in
which successful, financial bee-keep-
ing is practically impossible, and it is
a waste of time to attempt it. Many
might make a success of bee-keeping
if they would keep enough bees. This
is a point that I have urged so persis-
tently that I fear some have tired of
hearing it, but it is a vital point most
sadly neglected. In order to keep
more bees, it may be necessary to
adopt different methods requiring less
labor or "fussing." A man maybe
trj'ing to do all of the work himself
in the busy season when he needs
help — when he should be doing the
overseeing, and others the work. If a

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

245

man loses his bees winters he can nev-
er hope for any great success, and a
radical change may be needed in his
plan of wintering. A man may be a
good bee-keeper, yet his method of dis-
posing of his crop be such that no
manufacturing plant could ever sur-
vive if it followed such slipshod, un-
business-like methods in disposing of
its output. It is impossible to point
out the numerous wa3'^s in which a
man may fail in reaching the highest
success as a bee-keeper; and the un-
fortunate part is that he does not real-
ize, himself, the cause of his failure.
I have often thought that it might
sometimes be possible for me to help
my readers in thus pointing out the
needed changes for turning failure, or
indifferent success, into abundant suc-
cess, In doing this I should make no
claim as to superior natural abilities,
or "smartness," simply that my past
life has fitted me in that direction.
My whole life has been devoted to bee-
keeping. I began its study while yet
in mj' teens. For years I made my
living from the apiary; I have produc-
ed both comb and extracted honey;
reared and sold thousands of queens ;
attended and made exhibititions at
fairs, year after year; attended numer-
ous conventions where I have met the
most successful bee-keepers of the
country; and, above all, I have visited
hundreds of bee-keepers, in their
homes, from Vermont to California,
carefully studying why they have suc-
ceeded and wh}"^ they have Jailed.
During all of these years I have care-
fully read nearly everything that has
been published in this country on the
subject of bee-keeping; and, for 17
years, as editor of the Review, I have
enjoyed the confidence of thousands of
bee-keepers who have favored me with
reports and descriptions of their fail-
ures and successes. Successful bee-
keeping is about half bees, and the
other half business, and the latter half
has been almost entirely neglected.

For this reason I have been giving
much attention of late to the business
features of bee-keeping. For these
reasons I might be able to visit a bee-
keeper, the same as an expert visits a
merchant or a manufacturer, and be
able to say, at the end of my visit,
"Mr. Blank, if you would do thus and
so, make such and such changes, you
might make dollars where you now
make dimes." I think it is possible
that I might be able to thus advise a
man without ever seeing him or his
apiary, provided he would write me a
complete and minute history of his
case. If there is any reader of the
Review who feels that he is not making
the success of bee-keeping that he
might make, who is having a hard
time "to make both ends meet, " and
feels that possibly I might help him if
I knew all of the circumstances, let
him write me those circumstances in
the fullest possible manner, and he
shall have the best advice that I can
possibly give him. He must, if he ex-
pects me to help him, tell me every-
thing that can possibly have a bearing
on his success, just as the manufactur-
er opens up his factory to the expert.
Of course, everything would be held
in the strictest confidence, not shown
to others, or published — at least, not
without the full and free consent of the
writer.

First, I should wish to know about
the man himself; his age, disposition,
education, knowledge and experience
with bees, the books and papers he had
read, etc. Then his resources, cash,
farm or home, bees or what not. Next
I should wish to know all about the
location and its peculiarities, the hon-
ey-flows, the number of bees kept by
the writer, and others in that vicinity,
the yields, the manner of wintering,
and the success in that line. I would
like to know the kind of bees kept, the
kind of hives and implements used and
the methods employed. I would like
to know the kind of honey produced,

246

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

how prepared for market, how mar-
keted, and the prices secured. This
is simply an outline of what I would
like to know; in fact, a man could not
tell me too much. Especially, would
I like to have him tell me what he
thinks is the greatest drawback to his
success. After I g-et such a letter, or
history, from a man, I mig-ht wish to
write to him and ask him a lot of ques-
tions; in fact, there might several let-
ters pass between us before I would

feel justified in giving an opinion in
the matter.

What will be charged for such servi-
ces? There will be no charge. I ex-
pect that the rest of my life will be de-
voted to helping bee-keepers, and each
man that I can in this manner assist
to greater success, will enable me to do
still better work in this line for others
needing similar assistance, and, at
the same time, will better fit me for my
duties as editor of the Review.

EXTRACTED DEPARTMENT.

A NATIONAL TRADE MARK.

Let an Inspector in Each Large City Ex-
amine the Honey of Members as
It Comes in, and Affix the
Seal of the Association if
it is Deserved.

For 5'ears there has been talk of a
National Trade Mark, to be used only
by members of the National Associa-
tion. Each member was to be sup-
plied with copies of this trade mark
which he could affix to his packages
of honey as he sent them to market.
This trade mark was to be widely ad-
vertised and made known to the public,
and was to stand for an emblem of
purity and excellence. There has
been, and is yet, one great obstacle to
the adoption of this plan, and that is,
unfortunately, that joining the Nation-
al Association does not prevent a man
from putting poor honey upon the mar-
ket. Only a dealer knows of the thin,
unripe, detestable stuff that is* some-
times put upon the market, even by
members of the National Association.
I think that the practice of putting
such honey on the market is on the
decline, but there is still enough of it
to bring disg-race to any trade mark
under which it might sail. There is

one way, and only one way, in which
the National can ever afi^ord to place
its brand upon honey, and that is
when a competent officer has first ex-
iimined it. and found it worthy. On
this point, Gleanings publishes some
excellent suggestions, and it is pos-
sible that something may yet be done
in that line. Here is what it says:

"The suggestion has been continual-
ly coming to me of late whether or not
the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
in view of the widespread distrust of
all comb honey and a large part of the
extracted, could not in some way place
its own brand of purity on honey pro-
duced by its members, so that the pub-
lic and the large buj'ers would know
that such honey was necessarily pure.

One of the York State local county
societies did for a few years (I do not
know whether it does now or not,)
brand all the honey put out by its mem-
bers, guaranteeing its quality and pur-
ity. It strikes me that the National
might and ought to do something of
this kind. If a large part of the gen-
eral public believes that comb lionej' is
manufactured, and if it can be satisfied
that a certain brand of honey is pure,
it would purchase without hesitation.

It would not be very expensive for the
National to have a local inspector for
each large cxty-, and have him look over
each large lot of honey, inspect the
shipping and way bills, and look over
the correspondence to make sure that
the honey was produced, put up, and
shipped by some known responsible
bee-keepers' society or individual mem-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

247

ber. I would assess the cost of this
inspection of the honey on the produc-
er or the buyer of it who desires to
have the brand of purity and quality of
the National affixed to it. I would
also have the inspector appointed by
the Board of Directors and the Execu-
tive Committee jointly, they to examine
the recommendations as to his fitness
that have been received, and to appor-
tion out the salarj-, such salary to be
in proportion to the amount of honey
examined, and in the end to be paid
by the honey-producer, the buyer or
commission man who desires the Na-
tional to guarantee the quality and
purity of the honey. If necessary,
doubtful samples of extracted can be
analyzed, and, if pure, the certificate
or brand of purity attached. And, by
the way, we already have a chemist on
the Board of Directors who is compe-
tent to make such analysis at a nomi-
nal price. (Just here I ought to say
that Mr. Selser has never broached
this subject to me in any way, shape
or manner. )

This same inspector might also at-
tach his official grading on the various
shipments that come in, and thus avoid
a lot of trouble between producer and
buyer. To have some expert grade as
well as certify the purity of every lot
of honej^ coming into Chicago would
be worth much.

Perhaps this idea is too Utopian to
be carried into effect; but I have brief-
ly outlined in a crude form the thoughts
that have been revolving in my mind,
and should be glad to hear from any
one with suggestions. If a practical
scheme can be evolved, I am satisfied
that much good will be accomplished,
and the officers of the National will be
glad to adopt it.

FEEDING BACK EXTRACTED HONEY.

Some Excellent Directions for Making a
Success of the Business.

There is a sort of fascination about
feeding back extracted honey to have
it turned into comb honey. I doubt if
there have been very many pounds of
comb honey profitably produced "right
from the stump, ' ' as Mr. Heddon used
to say, by the feeding of extracted
honey, but with hot weather, black

bees, or those with a dash of black
blood in their makeup, unfinished sec-
tions may be completed at a profit if
the work is rightly managed. Feeding
back is distinctly a separate branch of
apiculture, as much so as commercial
queen rearing. There are many
things about it that can be learned
only by experience, but much can be
learned by reading the experience of
others. Some very good hints along
this line were given last fall in Glean-
ings by Mr. M. W. Shepard, of Hol-
lister, Florida. Among other things
Mr. Shepard says: —

The question of feeding back ex-
tracted hone}^ for the production of
comb honey does not appear to settle
any more than several other questions
of more or less importance to the bee-
keeping fraternity do. Opinions and
theories differ in regard to the matter,
and many of the shining lights of bee-
dom say it can't be done. After an
experience covering several seasons,
and having had my efforts crowned
with success, it may not be out of
place for me to say it can be done, and
done easily, and at a good profit, and
especially feeding back to finish un-
finished sections. We usually have
several thousand such sections at the
end of the main honey-flow, and in
this climate it is well nigh impossible
to keep combs of any kind off the hives
on account of the worms; so it is policy
as well as profit that led us to try the
feeding-back plan.

We first assort our unfinished sec-
tions, get our supers ready, and then
begin by filling our supers, putting the
fullest ones in the corners and outside
rows; but be sure to uncap all sealed
cells. If you don't the bees won't, but
will build new comb on top of the seal-
ed cells, making what we call double-
deck combs. After you fill your sup-
ers, put not less than two on any good
strong colony whose brood chamber is
well filled with sealed brood and hon-
ey. For feeders we use a box made
of thin lumber, and which will hold a
gallon or a little more. Set this box
on top of the supers, fill it with thick
honey, throw a handful of coarse ex-
celsior on top of the honey; then cover
the whole up bee-tight.

You will find that the bees will
store about all of the first feederful
below, not making much of a show in

248

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

the sections; but be sure to keep honey
in the feeders day and night until the
sections are nearly as full as they
should be; then taper off rapidly with
the feed, and the bees will seal the
combs, and you will find them as
smooth and perfect as if built under
normal conditions. Take these supers
off and replace with empty ones, and
you will get them filled; but I would
advise you not to use the same colony
for more than two lots, for on the third
lot they seem to think they have done
enough, and will not take the honey.

Now, this is all about finishing un-
finished sections, but the same plan
holds good if you use sections filled
with foundation instead of partly fin-
ished sections. I do not claim that the
foregoing is a universal plan that will
work everywhere and under all con-
ditions, whether the conditions are
known or not, but I will say that it
works with us on a large scale, and
we are satisfied.

Now, does it pay to feed for the pur-
pose of filling out unfinished sections?
Yes, it pays i/s to do so. Will it pay
to feed back for the purpose of produc-
ing comb honey from full sheets of
foundation in the sections? Yes, if
extracted honey is not worth more
than 5 cents per pound, and comb hon-
ey is not worth less than 12 cents. We
wish to say, first, know what you are
going to try to do, then go ahead. If
you don't want a puttering job, don't
try feeding back, and do/i'i try to be a
lightning operator at the job, or pos-
sibly the lightning may strike you.

The point that Mr. Shepard men-
tions about uncapping any sealed
honey, needs, I think, a little more ex-
planation. If the combs are so ar-
ranged or placed that the spaces be-
tween them vary only slightly from
a "bee-space," there is no need of un-
capping the sealed cells, but if the
spaces are much wider than a "bee-
space," the bees, especially if crowded
for room, and fed abundantly, will
build comb right on top of the capped
surface, giving the honey a decidedly
patched and blotched appearance.

Our $10,000

MONDENG
4-04-6t

Bee - Keepers' S u p p 1^
Manufacturing plant is
ready for business. Send
for price list.
MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

147-149 Cedar I<ake Road

100 Swarms for Sale

In a fine basswood and clover location; bees in
fine chafi hives with five inches of packing; and
there are fixtures for producing both comb and
extracted honey. Address 6-04 -tf

E.D.OCHSNKR, Prairie du Sac, Wis.

VI RGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens, secured by years of selection
from a cross between Red Clover strains and the
Superior .Stock furnished by W. Z. Hutchinson.
No better bees are to be had anywhere.

Untested queens, large, vigorous and prolific,
only75Cts. After June 15th, only 65 cts. Test-
ed queens, $1 .00; alter June 15th., 75 cts.
Write for discounts on large orders.

CHAS. KOEPPEN,
Fredericksburg, Virginia.

6-04-tf.

W. M. Cockersham, of Ronda, N. C.
manufactures

©ee Supplies

AND

REARS

Queens

foP

Sale

at the

following

prices

Apr. May

June

July
and
after

One Untested, $1.00
Three " 2.90
One Warranted, 1.25
One Tested i.tio

1 -90
2.75
1. 10

1-25

2-75
8.00

$ .80
2.50
1. 00
1. 10
2.50
8.00

1 -75
2.25
1. 00

I. CO

Select Tested,
Breeding,

. . ?.oo
. . 8.00

2.25

Are 3'ou looking for

QUEENS?

If so I can furnish you queens of the
following races by return mail:

Three- and five-banded Italians, Cy-
prians, Holy Lands, Carniolans and
Albinos.

Untested, of either race, 7Sc each;
Select, Untested, $1.00 each; six for
$4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested, of either
race, $2.00 each; six for $10.00; one
dozen, $18.00; Breeders, $4.50 each.
Safe arrival guaranteed.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

249

IIMIIIilUlllllllllfllllimiaillllllliailllltlliHIIIIMIIlglimilllflllMllllBillllllliaillillllliillllllll^ :i<IIIIIIIIBIIIII!iri§il{|||lilBiii|||!iiaii;;{|||iHii|||||||||i[|{||inai||||llllHillll|{hf<llll[li ■Hllllllill'H'li'H

miiiiiiaHiiiiiiiiii II. iHi.i]imiBiiii{iiiifl...ii. .■.'..!. !.:■ i s . ■ i ■ ■'■■m . ■ > ^ ■' m >i. .ik.a .Bra m ■...y.n ••' -m i m. ... m , ■- ■ p;;!^^^

II IN niiii THE WEST j-| Weiss 11

ilHiin ^ |><mi| ||,jj|

j I There IS only one Beejournal. It is | § W^ _g i • I j

Iff the Journal that is published ^vhere I""! nOUnClfltlOn -^"^

iiljiiii men "do things" when it conies to | | *-»V^*» I I

|:i 1 keeping bees and producing honey. 11 t j. ^ ^ ^i.^i ii

iiiii ~, ,., . , J ., ,j ■ \u ■' ■ Is guaranteed to stand at the i i

1™ " The West leads the world in the pro- h = , °, , ,.. , , » ■

i : i , ,. .. ,, . . , ./^ i i head for quality and work- i i

iiiiiiii duction of honey. ]t is natural, then, iiiniii ■• ^.^.-' ,, ,, = =

1" 1 ,, , „ , , ,_,..,. J • J i i manship, as it is made by the ■ 'i

sis that a Bee Journal published in such == i^i. ri i- i ? =

iiiiiiii , • .1, u ,A A e ■'!"■ Iritest process of sheetini^ and |, ;; a

£!! = a place IS the one you should read if = g „. .-r • -, .,P , - i"iii'i

iii .,, 1 .. , ,,, ^., i i purifying- wax, and will defy i j

iiliiiii you wish to keep "posted". 1 he ■huh '^.„ ,^i.-i. j. ■/ i-. -, = =

■if „ .^ o. . „ ^ , .;.,., i i competitors to its quality and ■ i

giii:!= Pacific States Bee Journal of lulare, = = „,,„:<.,. c2 i .c i = =

Hi Calif., and the Rocky Mountain Bee l""! P"V^V 1 /''k "" ^""""^ i-i

i;l;;i , , t„ ,j vL , , I. i i and catalog" and be your own i i

iiliiiii Journal of Boulder, Colo., have been ■imna ;. ,/!„., -trr i • - " -

i'i ^ ,.j , , ... , , §^i nidg-e. vVorkinir wax a spec- t«i"if

i„i,l «^««°^'dated. and will now be pub- i j -^^^^.^ p^.^^^^ Bee-Keeper, now l„;|

|;r I hshed under a new name-the j | j^ ^j^^ ^j^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ j^^ |-|

|'"'i Ti^ 1 -rt T 1 i"""i your wax and have it worked ■mi«

M WeStet^n Bee dOUPnal 1.1 into foundation. Highest prl- |.;|

iii i i ces paid for beeswax. Cash, | .l

ill "flot liike any Othep." | | 32c; trade, 33c. Impure wax |i|

ill liiiiil not accepted. A full line of s^^^^s

111 ^- ^- ADELSBACH, Editor |J BcC SuppHcS |]1

III and Publisher, J | ^yQysX WEISS, H

Hi Hanford, Calif. |„„„| ^ ^^' wM

iii i'i 3-04-tf GREENVILLE, WIS. i™!f

I ■■

Root's Goods ^t
Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

Large and complete stock on hand
at all times. Low freight rates.

Prompt Ser\'ice. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pou«Jcr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

■iiiiin
iiiiiiii

■ I B

iiiiiiii

STOCK
DIFFERS

There is a diflFerence in bees in re-
gard to their disposition, industry,
and various other traits. Every bee-
keeper, especially if he has different
strains of bees, will notice here
and there a colony far out-stripping
the general average — if the whole
apiary came up to these, how the
crop would be increased. Send to
J. P. Moore, Morgan, Ky. and get
the neatest circular ever sent out by
a queen breeder, and read the testi-
mony of experienced bee-keepers
who have tried his stock side bj- side
with that of others.

J. P. MOORE,
Morgan, Kentucky.

■imiiB
iniiiii
iiiiiii|
imiiil
iiiiliil

■ llllliC

250

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Free Trips
California

and the

South^ve5t

"The Earth'* is a new
monthly journal, describing life
in the Great Southwest.

It is the best of its class.
It contains timely articles of
interest to those who wish to
get a home or establish a busi-
ness in the most prosperous
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Like all new publications, "The Earth" wishes to increase its
circulation, and offers the following very attractive prizes to persons
getting up clubs. The only condition is that you become a sub-
scriber yourself.

■' LIST OF PRIZES

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Angeles or San Francisco.

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Let us register your name as entering the
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The price of a yearly subscription to "The
Earth " is only 25 cents. No trouble to get
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Write To-Day to The Earth.

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Cut out and mail this coupon.

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Enclosed find 25 cents for one year's sub-
scription to "The Earth."

Please enter my name in your Prize Sub-
scription Contest, sending me necessary blanks.

Street No ,

City and State..

HIGH GRADE of Italian Queens at
living- prices. Write for price list.
J. F. Michael, Winchester, Ind.

rHUNK COMB honey wanted. Give particu-
, lars as to quantity, price, package, time you
ship. E. A. HEARN, Salisbury, Md.

THE bp:e-keepers' review

251

(WWWM Try The Case Strain WVrfWWy^

Of Italians. They make the whitest comb honey; have proved ^c

best for extracted, especially in Cuba; and are but little inclined Jfe

to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms Jg'

boug-ht 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is second mC

to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning- better queens, JC

earlier and more of them, for 1904. Fine untested, $1.00. Select, J^

$1.25. Tested, $1.25, up. Circular sent free for the asking-. ^

4-04-tf

J. B. Case, Port Orange, Fla. mm^

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A mail living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

Dovetailed Beehives

$1.00 in flat for V/z story for comb
honey, no sections or separators.
Send for prices of supplies for the
apiary.

Wood-Brush Bee-Hive &
Box Co.

12-03-tf LiAJMSirlG, IVIICH.

Fine Italians Queens, address A. D.
D. Wood, Lansing-, Mich.

^

^1 Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect"_Workmansbip
and material. By sending- your order now you will save
money, and secure^prompt shipment. Send for 1904
Catalog-ue and Illustrated Price List— free for.the asking-.

252

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

PERFECT GOODS!

LOW PRICES!

A Customer Once, A Customer Always.

We manufacture BEE SUPPLIES of all kinds, (been at it
over 20 years). It is always best to buy of the makers. New
illustriited catalog free. For nearly 14 years we have pub-
lished The American Beekeeper, (monthl}', 50 cents a year),
the best magazine for beginners. Edited by one of the most
experienced bee keepers in America. Sample copy free.

The W. T. Falconer Matif 'g Co.

JAMESTOWN, NEW YORK

Win. M. Gerrish, Epping, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at
catalog prices. Order of him and save freight.

HIVES AT 1=3 OFF

Before the re-construction of the management of the old firm;
the Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Co. manufactured a lot of sti:d-
low, story-and-a-half hives . . . We don't want them. The3''re
going to be a snap for some one.

One story, in lots of five, each, 90 cts.

Story-and-a-hivlf, in lots of five, each, SI. 22.

They're just a regular hive — except they're shallow — 7,1^
inches deep instead of 9^i. Dovetailed, tin-jointed covers, rever-
sible bottoms, and -8 frames. There isn't a thing wrong with
them — if there wfis, we wouldn't put them on the market to give
away as premiums.

In this ad w^e've told all there is to tell about them— unless
it might be that it's onlj' two years since they were made. They're
simply taking up valuable room — a commodity that is worth a
lot of money to us. Better order right away — to da}' — yjour neigh-
bor ma.y tomorrow — and thej^'ll only last till they're g-one.

Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Company

Minneapolis, Minn,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

253

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, i8 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Either Golden or Honey-Queens after July i.

Our GOLDENS will come up with any
other Golden strain. Our HONEY-
QUEENS are what some breeders call
"Red Clover Queens. "'

I 6 12

Untested ? -75 $400 $7.00

Tested, 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeders 5.00 ....

2 frame Nuclei (no queen) 2.00 11.50 22.00

When Qvieens are wanted with Nuclei
add price of any Queen wanted. We guar-
antee safe arrival of all Queens and Nuclei.
Our Breeders may be returned after 30 days if
satisfaction is not given. Cash must come with
orders. Orders are booked and filled in rota-
tion.

Mr. Gus Picaman, of I,itchfield, 111., in aletter
of Aug. 3, 1903, says: "Send me two untested
honey queens. The one I bought of you two
years ago is all right. There are no better."

Mr. Frank D. Gonderson, of Oconomowoc,
Wis, says in a letter dated Aug. i, 1903: "I like
your queens the best of any that I have ever
had." This man placed an "order last August
for 24 Nuclei to be delivered this spring.

Address all orders to

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.

6-'o4-tf

BEE SUPPLffiS
CHEAP.

There are reasons for it, and they
will be given if you will write for
them; and with them will be .sent a
copy of the new journal, the

RURAL BEE-KEEPER.

Address

W. H. Putnam,
6-04-tf River Falls, Wis.

DflflZEflBflKER

20th Centapy

SMOKER

A SMOKER SURE FOR $1.00.
Guaranteed to Suit, or Dollar Back.

The last in the field, combities the be.st fea-
tures of others, with special ones all its own.

It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that
strengthens the fire-cup and holds a removable
lining and packing in place, that keeps the fire-
cup cool, thus adding to its durability. This
lining can be replaced at small cost.

The draft-hole is midway of the fire-cup, di-
rectly opposite of the only opening in the bel
lows, from which the air is forced and deflected
upward or downward, or both ways, as desired,
to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke,
which is determined by the filling and lighting
of the fuel.

It is superior in make-up and material.

It has no parts that can clog with .soot.

It will continue to smoke from three to ten
hours, in light work, until all the fuel is burned.

It wins friends who willingly recommend it
to others.

Full directions for use, and preparing special
fuel for subduing bees and destroying the eggs
and larvte of the wax-moth, with each s:noker.

PRICES:

$1.00 each; three for $2.70 when sent
with other goods. Jiy mail, each 25
cents extra.

ADDRESS

F. DANZENBAKER

Care The A. I. Root Co, Sec. i, Horticulture Bid.

St. Louis,

Missouri.

254

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

For ROOT'S GOODS in

MICHIGAN

Send for Catalog

M. H. HUNT & SON

Bell Branch, Mich,

Root's Goois at Root's Prices.

Choice White Wyandotes and Barred
Rocks. Best strain Italian queens. Send
for circular J. F. MICHAEL,

i-04-tf R F D I. Winchester, Ind.

-If yon are gomg to-

RtlY A BUZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
aew Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

PATEINT, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 2-4-

VEiARS -the: beist. catalog freie:.

BINGHAM, FARWEZLL, MICH

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER.
GOLDEN ITALIANS. CARNIOLANS.

By Return Mail. Safe Arrival Guaranteed.

f»r.iob:s.

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested

• 0

ONE

. $0.75
1.00
1.50

. 2.00

SIX

$4.00
5.00
8.00

10 00

rWELVE

$7.50

9.00

15.00

18.00

Select Breeders, each • ■

Two-frame Nucleus and nice Queen - ■

.... $3.00
.... 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO..

No! 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI. OHIO

Shipping Cases

No-drip, 241b, $13.00; 121b, $8.00;
201b, Danz. size or for 4x5 sections,
$10.00. The $1.00, 1^ story, 8-frame
Hives still goes like hot cakes. Sec-
tions, Foundation and all kinds of
Bee Supplies on hand. Send for list

W. D. SOPER,
R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

W~^ -g /Tf Italian Queens

Ked Clover ^l^^\.^^

gathering hon-
ey in every State. They work on red clover as
well as on white clover- Untested, 70c each, two
for 1.25, or $7.00 a dozen; tested, Ji.oo, or Sio.oo
a dozen; breeders. J3.50 to $7.00 A four-frame
hive, painted, stocked with bees, brood and a
queen, I3.50. We shall keep on hand from 400
to 600 queens, and will be able to send queens by
return mail, guaranteeing safe arrival. Send for
circular. G. RONTZAHN,

4-04-61 Biglerville, Penn

Pteaae mention the Review.

i

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

255

I-^^^I^-^^^^'

>«-:**

n

m

Retail — Wholesale

Has an established reputation because made by a
process that produces the CLEANEST and the
PUREST, and in all respects the BEST and the
most desirable. Send for Samples.

Working wax into Foundation
For Cash

Is a specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at the
HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

*V^

A Full Line of Supplies at Both
Retail and Wholesale.

ft

#1

Send at once for Catalog- and discounts on large
orders.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Ag-ents
for Canada.

Please mention the Review.

256

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

t\d^T)y Irrjprovenrjept? Tbis Ye2ir.

We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies.
The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber
than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied
with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi-
nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators.
The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate-
rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly
polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles,
and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure
enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be
worked by the foot.

Tb^ Hcddoo Hive.

Another valuable adjunct to our manu-
facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not
hesitate to say that it is the best all round
hive ever put upon the market; and we
are pleased to state that we have made
arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the end
that we can supply these hives; and the
right to use them goes with the hives. •

Honey Extractors.

Our Honey Extractors are highly orna-
mental, better manufactured; and, while
the castings are lighter, they are more
durable than heretofore, as they are made
of superior material.

Tb^ Pro^r^SSiy^ B<e^-Ke^p^r.

Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved,
being brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land,
and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price;
only 50 cts. per year.

Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres-
sive Bee-Keeper. Address

LEAHY A\fg. <30.,

Higginsville, ^o.
Ezi^t St. Louis, Ills.
Oipaba, VHebrzisHa.

The following iiites fur g;rinlisig h<Msey were
adopted hy live North Americusi ilee-K'eeiwrs'
Associatioji, ai its Washiugiou meeting:, nwd, so
far as SK>ssible. qr.otatiotls are made aC-coTding
to these rules;

Kancv — AU sectioBs to be weU fillcc]; oombs
straight, of even tliteknerss, and firuiiy Httftched
to all foitr sides; Iwih wood «nd comb linsoiled
by iravel-staiit, ov otiiei-wise; aU the celis seat«d
except tVie row of celSs iie.vl the wood.

No. I. — Ail sections vveti fiUed, but cohiJks. im.
even or crooked, detached at lUc bottojn, or
wdtll but few cells uisseated; both wood and
coiiib misoiled by travebsliiiii or otherwise.

Iq addition to this the honey is to be clftSsifit'd
according to color, using the terms white, anil>er
and dark. That is, there wvil be "fancy ivhite,"
"No. 1, dark,"' etc.

KANSAS CITY, MO— Honey stock is well
cleaned up, and demand good. Reeswax in
good demand. We quote as follows: — No.i
white, $2 50 a case; No.i amber, $2.25 a case;
While extracted, filiic; ainber, 6c; beeswax, 30c.

WAIvKER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
May ,; 423 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo

CINCINNATI— The demand for honey is
brighter than H has been in the past sixty days.
We continue to offer Amber Extracted in bar-
rels at sVi to 6y2 cts. according to quality. White
Clover Extracted ir, a drag on the market at 6l4c
to 8 c in barrels and cans. Comb honey seems
to be reviving at i3!^^c to i.sc for fancy. Beeswax
is wanted by us at ,30c per lb delivered here.
THE FKED W. MUTH CO.
March 29 Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFALO —No sale at all for old honey,
and new honey woidd not .sell very quickly.
Too early; in September can place it well.
New Hoiiej- — P'ancy White, 14c to 15c; No. i
White, i2Cto 13c; Fancy Amber, loc to iic.
BATTERSON & CO.

July 5 15Q Michigan St. Buffalo, N. Y.

The prices given iti the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission— the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

PHILADELPHIA— The season for selling
honey has been prolonged on accoimt of the
cold weather which has certainly been very for-
tunate for the bee-keeper, as there never was as
much honey shipped in so late in the season to
be disposed of. It has broken the price quite
considerably, but there is still quite a detnand,
which otnerwise would have fallen off. We
quote as follows; — Fancy white comb, 13 to 14c;
No. I, i2c; amber and buckwheat, 9 to 10 ; Kx-
tracted buckwheat, 7 to 8c; amber, 6 to 7c: bees-
wax 31C and in good demand We are producers
of honey and do not handle on co.'nmission.
WM. A. SELSER.
March 30 10 Vine St. Philadelphia, Pa.

CHICAGO— The market is heavily supplied
with comb and extracted, neither of which are
meeting with any demand; especially is this true
of the comb honey. Prices are uncertain, as
those having stock are anxious to sell it; there-
fore, it is difficult to quote prices. The best
grades of white comb bring II to 12c, anything
off, from choice to fancy, is not wanted. Ex-
tracted white, according to quality, .sells at 6 to
7C; amber, 5 to 6c; beeswax 30 to 32c.

R. A. BURNETT & Co.,
April 7. 199 vSo. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

NEW YORK— Market quiet, especiallv 0.1
Comb. Fair demand for extracted. Bee'.swax
scarce and wanted. We quote as follows:—
Fancy white, 13c; No. i fancy amber, iic; No. i.
loc; white extracted, 6J4c; amber, $]4 to s^c;
dark, 5c; beeswax, 29 to 30.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265 & 267 Greenwich St., Cor. Murray St.
Hay 2. New York.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.— Since warm weather
set in. hardly any sales of comb honey are
made, what little there was sold, was fancy
white and brought from t2j4c to i354c. Extrac-
ted has a fair bemand, as follows: Amber, in
barrels from 5^1° sKi 'i cans I4c per pound
more; Alfalfa. 6^^c; Fancy White Clover,7^c;
nice yellow Beeswax 30c.

C. H. W. WEBER,
July 4 Cincinnati, Ohio.

CHICAGO — W'e report a very good trade on
Comb and Extracted Honey during the month
of April, at which time we greatly reduced our
stock. If producers still have any honey un-
sold, would advise letting it come forward; no
doubt we could dispose of it so as to show satis-
factory results. We quote as follows: Fancy
white, 12 to 13c; No. i, 11 to 12c; white extracted,
6 to 7c; amber, 5 to 6c; beeswax, 29 to 31c.
S. T. FISH & CO.,

May 3. 189 So. Water .St., Chicago, Ills.

KANSAS CITY, MO.— Demand for honey
is good, supplies light, and we look for higher
prices. We quote as follows: Fancy white,

J2. 50 per case; No. I, $2.40; fancy amber, $2.25.
white extracted, 6%c; amber, 5^c; beeswax, 30c

May 2

C. C. CLEMONS & CO.
Kansas City, Mo.

ALBANY, N. Y' — The honey market is dull;
and it looks as if some would have to be carried
over the season. .1. large portion of the stock is
candied hard in the comb, from the long, cold
winter. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13
to 14 c; No. I white, 12 to 13 c; fancj- amber, 11 to
12 c; No. I amber, 10 to iic; fancy dark, 11 to 12c;
No. I dark, 10 to iic; white extracted, 6 to 6i^c;
amber extracted, 5M to 6c; dark extracted. 5 to
6!4c; beeswax, 28 to 30c.

H. N. Wright,
Wholesale Commission,
April I Albany, N. Y.

I

^^^^e^e^

woaCRN

aUEEN
REARING

'an'-JnKvtn

efc^

B^30^

Modern
Queen Rearing

By Geo. W. Phillips, foieman of
the queen rearing yards of The A.
I. Root Company. Anyone can
supplj' his own apiary with the
best queens at a little cost. This
booklet gives simple, complete
directions for doing so. All can
imderstand it. The method itself
is the best. It is no particular
"system" of one man but em-
bodies the best in them all. An
expert can gain information from
this book while the novice will
find nothing but what he can
understand and do.

Price, 15c post paid

How to Produce
Extracted Honey

Every bee-keeper who runs for
extracted honey should read this
booklet. It is full of valuable in-
formation. Many labor saving
devices and plans are explained.
It tells how to care for and work
the extracting machine: uncap
combs, etc. How to render cap -
pings and broken combs. A iso
how to put up honey in the aiost
attractive form for retailirg. It
gives in fact everything that is
wanted on the subject in the
cheapest possible form.

Price, 15c post paid

Special Offer — Both Books for 25 cents

THE A. I. f?OOT COmPflHV

JWEDl^fl, OHIO

HOW TO
'PRODUCE>

I EXTRACTED

m

I

August, 1904.

i^

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
W, Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 199

Terms — $1.00 a year to su"bscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed-
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Aug. 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 percent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 5
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with —

Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( i ool 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal. . .. ( i 00) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( i.ooj 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 1.20

Rural New Yorker ( i.oo) 1.85

The Century ( 4-oo) 4 5°

Michigan F~armer f i.ooi 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ( i 00) 1.75

Country Gentleman ( i.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 400) 4i'3

Harper's Weekly ( 4.00) 4.20

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i .00) i .90

Success ( I.oo) 1.75

National Bee - Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
Geo. W. Brodbeck, I,os Angeles, Calif.
Secretary.

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasurer.

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn, Ont.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y..
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

msimmuMMmiammumawiM^amumuMMam

I Names of Bee-Keepers

a

type: na/ritten

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others -at $2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly,
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated.
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . So
Calif... 378
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162
Dak.. . 25
Del.... 18

Fla 100

Ga..
Ind.

Ills.... 1375
Iowa . . 800

90

744

Ky

Kans..

I,a

Mo

Minn..
Mich. ..
Mass.. .

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y.. .
Neb., ..
N. J...,
N. H. .

182
350
38
500
334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

■ ■345

■ 130
.158

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 54

Oregon . . 109

Ohio..

Penn..

R. I..

S. C...

Tenn . .

Tex...

Utah..

Vt....

Va

W. Va

Wash 128

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

1 30c

912

46

40

176

. 270

. 68

. . 200

182

172

I V/1

i
i

i

Tbe Bee-Keepers'

300,000 Acres of Wild Land
for sale, in the fatuous Fruit
Belt Rej;ioii of Michigan, at low
prices and on easy lertus.

These lands are especially
adapted to fruit culture, all the
most desirable fruits beint^ cul-
tivated with especial success.

These uncultivated lauds also
produce immense quantities of
wild berries, from which large
crops of honey are obtained, at
a good profit to the Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and cir-
culars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address: 2-0- yt

J. E. A\?rritt,
A\icbiean L-Zvpcl Co.,

If the

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon botti
the publishei and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estitna
tion of the advertiser: and it en,
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

M

i

Bee -Keepers i Ho pish- Bone

i

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Fzvlcoper /Afg. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

B@°'Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen Tmred.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
a. VAN DHUSHfi,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

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258

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

IP

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is

Dadant's

Foundation

Why Does it Sell so Well ?— Because it has always
g-iven better satisfaction than anj^ other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

Wc Guzvrziptee SatisfactioD—^What

body do? Beaut^^ purity, firmness,
loss. Patent Weed Process of Sheeting

more can any-
no sagging, no

Beeswax Wanted at all Tirne? Send name for our
Catalog, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

Laog^trotb on the Hopey - Bee, Revised.

classic in bee-literature. $1.20 by mail.

The

DADANT S- SON,

Harrjiltoo, Illinois.

U. C & /\. G. WOOD/AAVS, Grap<J Rz^pi<Is,
rlg^nts for A^Jcbiga^O

3-04-iot

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IT pays:

to send 3^our orders a distance of 1,000 miles

FOR

BEE-SURRUES

H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

LARGE, HEALTHY, PROLIFIC,

Beautiful Italian Queens sent prompt-
ly by return mail at only 50 cts each.
Safe arrival and Satisfaction g-uaran-
teed. J. w. K. SHAW, & CO.

7-04-tf

Loreauville, La.

ntlon the Reuieui

HOOT'S BEE-SUPPliIES

{ROOT'S PfJICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL, Kendall, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

2S9

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WISl

n E

IWATCfiTOWN,

MAKES THE FINEST

Send for Catalog

THE G. B. LEWIS CO.

Watertown, Wis.

U. S. A.

fO^ake Your Own Hives.

3ee ^ Keepeps

Will save money by
using" our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making'
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogue.

W.F.&JNO.B&RNESCO.,

384 Knby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

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260

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

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Get Shipping" Cases

You can do it now.
won't be able to do it.

Maj^be when you'll need them you

One=piece covers without extra charge.

If you prefer them you can have the one-piece covers with-
out any additional cost. If you want them you'll have to
mention the fact, though.

The fire which gutted other parts of our power building
didn't affect our ability to get out orders. It will pay you to
write us about goods that are discolored by smoke and water.

Minnesota Bee= Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.
Minneapolis, Minn.

■am.
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Are you looking for

QUEENS?

If so I can furnish you queens of the
following races by return mail:

Three- and five-banded Italians, Cy-
prians, Holy Lands, Carniolans and
Albinos.

Untested, of either race, 75c each;
Select, Untested, $1.00 each; six for
$4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested, of either
race, $2.00 each; six for $10.00; one
dozen, $18.00; Breeders, $4.50 each.
Safe arrival guaranteed.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

Mm i-1 IM. 1 E U . acres, young orchard of
Apples and Peaches, a few Peais and Plums.
Two miles from A . I. Root's ranch. Terms on
application. D. B. I^INDSEY,

8-o4-3t Traverse City, Mich.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

lyaws' queens are doing business in every State
in the Union and in many foreign countries.

The demand for I,aws' queens has doubled any
previous season's sales.

lyaws' queens and bees are putting up a large
share of the hon'jy now sold

I,aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over
the world. Why? Because it is the best to
be had.

Remember ! That I have a larger stock than ever;
that I can send you a queen any month in
the year and guarantee safe delivery; that I
have many fine breeders on hand. Price,
$3.00 each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for $6,00.
Prices reduced after March 15. Send for
circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

VI RQINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens, secured by years of selection
from a cross between Red Clover strains and the
Superior Stock furnished by W. Z. Hutchinson.
No better bees are to be had anywhere.

Untested queens, large, vigorous and prolific,
only75cts. After June 15th, only 65 cts. Test-
ed queens, fi.oo: alter June 15th., 75 cts.
Write for discounts on large orders.

6-04-tf.

CHAS. KOEPPEN,
Fredericksburg, Virginia.

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^^^peps Hc\^ic^-

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR,
w. z. HDTCfllNSOK. Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, AUGUST 15, 1904. NO. 8.

[m^ ^mio

-are o:

.^tracte(

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

JN handling honey after it is extract-
ed, we work on the theory that the
quicker it is canned, after the impuri-
ties have separated, the better the hon-
ey. After honey is well-ripened on
the hive, it is a question whether it
can be improved by any practical
known method, but all will probably
agree that the body and flavor can be
practically ruined by a little careless-
ness, or inexperience, in handling.

KKEP DAMPNESS AWAY FROM HONEY.

With the method we are about to
describe, dampness is the only thing
we have to guard against; and, as our
honey remains in the tank only one
day, all we have to do, when through
extracting for the day, is to shut up
the extracting house as close as pos-
sible, so that the damp night air will
not penetrate the house; in fact, when
we open the door the next morning,
the air inside will feel warm and dry,
showing that a part of the heat of the
previous day has been retained over
night; making an ideal place for the
honey in the tank to clarify itself. We

prefer our tanks large enough so that
an ordinary day's extracting will fill
one full, and another say, one-half full;
then, when practical, one goes ahead
in the morning, and skims, and cans,
the partly full tank, to make room for
the forenoon's extracting; and then
there are usually odd times, before the
room is needed, to can up the honey in
the other tank.

SKIMMING HONEY.

In skimming honey we use a large
iron spoon, the honey being of so
heavy body, it is not practical to use a
very large skimmer; then, we do not
try to get the skimmings all off clean,
unless it is the last time, when we
want to draw all the honey out of the
tank. It does not take long to run
over a tank with this small skimmer,
as we work right along lively, no mat-
ter if we do get quite a lot of honey
with the skimmings, as we set the
pail aside, and, at night, when through
uncapping, we empty it in the uncap-
ping tank, and the honey will drip
down through the cappings, while the

262

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

particles of comb will stay with the
cappings, where we want them, to be
made into wax.

NO NECESSITY FOR STRAINING HONEY.

You will notice that, with this meth-
od of working, there is no need of a
strainer. No matter how much you
strain honey, it needs skimming, any-
how, so the straining does not help
any; besides, it requires some work to
arrange a practical strainer. Then
there is the washing, and care; more
work all for nothing. The gates to
our tanks are now placed close to the
bottom. When we first began using
tanks, we worked on the principle of
drawing out the center, so the gates
were placed four inches above the bot-
tom; but we soon found that there was
nothing settled to the bottom, so now we
place the gates clear to the bottom and
this allows us to draw that much
more honej^ before the scum begins to
come through the gate. Our benches
that the tanks set on, are made the
right height, so that the gate will be
about two inches above the 60 lb. can,
when sitting on the scales.

PUTTING THE HONEY IN THE CANS.

We balance the scales at 62^ pounds,
the 2^ pounds being the tare. This
leaves 60 pounds net, for each can; and
is much more convenient than filling
the can full, then weighing, as some
do. In canning honey from these
tanks, one soon learns the number of
cans that can be drawn. The idea is
to draw all we can without getting any
skimming in the can, when the balance
in the bottom of the tank is left there,
and handled with the next batch. Now
it happens some seasons that the honey
is not properly cured, no matter how
long left on the hives, and, as this
thin honey rises to the top, by a little
care in canning, we are able to keep
this thin honey by itself.

It will be seen that our honey as fast
as canned up, is put directly into the
cases, and nailed up, and is ready for

market the fiext day after extracting.
Compare this method with that of stor-
ing honey in large tanks, open barrels,
tubs, pails, in fact, anything that will
hold honey.

IMPORTANCE OV HAVING CANS IN

READINESS.

Some people, apparently, do not
have confidence enough in the business
to buy their shipping cans until they
know for certain just how much honey
they will have; then thej^ order their
cans. At this time of the year every-
body wants cans; the jobber is, per-
haps, out, causing a delay; then, the
freight is slow; and by the time the
cans arrive the honey is candied, neces-
sitating more work to melt it up and
can it than it did to extract it in the
first place. Then, many times, the
bee-keeper is caught without anything
to put his honey in, causing a loss that
would pa}^ for his storage several
times over. Probably the greatest
point in favor of canning honey as we
go, is the fact that not more than one
bee-keeper in one hundred, has a suit-
able place to keep honey in, so that
the longer it is left open, the poorer it
gets, in both bodj' and flavor.

Let me repeat: have confidence in
3'our business. Put in your stock of
cans, or any other supplies you need,
early; if the season should prove
unfavorable, so 3'ou do not use them
all this season, they will keep over all
right. We have, at this writing, fifty
cases of two 60 lb. cans each, or
enough to hold 6,000 pounds of honey,
stored away in each of our extracting
houses, read}' for next summer's use.

ADVANTAGES OK OUT-APIARIES WIDELY
SCATTERED.

As we now have our honey in the
cans, ready for the market, it va^y be
well to sum up, and emphasize, some-
what, what we have already written;
and, perhaps, bring out a few more
points. In the first place, we have
tried to impress upon the reader wh^t

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

263

we think is the correct method of pro-
ducing- extracted honey on a large
scale; / e, by keeping more bees, and
doing less labor per colony. Remem-
ber, we have never said that one could
not make colonies build up a little
faster by stimulative feeding, and
spreading the brood during the spring,
but we do say that the same labor be-
stowed on a good many more colonies,
scattered over the country, enough in
a place to gather what honey the local-
ity will supply, will, in the aggregate,
prove very much more profitable.
Then, again, any ordinary bee-keeper
can work the let-alone system, but it
requires the most skilled and careful
man to feed, and spread brood, during
the uncertain weather of spring. With
our system, one skilled apiarist, with
a few willing hands, that are not
afraid of bees, to assist, can manage
almost any number of yards, while
with the old, intense system, it would
need one skilled hand with each yard.
We make our bread and butter out of
the bees. We have no other source of
income; and it is quite a little consola-
tion to think that we are very sure of
getting a crop of honey from some of
our yards every year. Scattered
around the country, as they are, they
have never failed, during the six years
we have been specialists, to produce
enough, in some of the yards, so that
we have made a good living; and some
seasons a little to spare. We have
heard it argued that there was nothing
gained by having the yards widely
distributed, with the idea of getting a
crop at some of the 3'ards every year.
They argue something like this: That
300 colonies in one vicinity will pro-
duce, say 30,000 pounds a year for two
years, which would be 60,000 pounds.
If the third year were a failure, this
would be the actual crop for three
3^ears. Now, with the yards quite a
distance apart, there would probably
be no complete failure, but working on
this same theory, there^ought to be one

yard fail each year, so there would be
no gain in the end; or, in other words,
either plan would produce 60,000
pounds in three years. Admitted.
But this is one of the cases where fig-
ures and actual experience vary. We
all ought to have a system of spending
our income, just the same as we do in
producing our crop of honey. The
question is, do we do it? It is doubt-
ful if man3' of us make it reach the
whole year, to say nothing about a
failure, making it necessary to lap
over tivo years. This is a matter that
must be decided by the individual him-
self. If you are ahead, say, having a
little bank account, or having an in-
come from some other source, to help
tide over a failure, that is quite sure
to come, perhaps it would be better to
locate your out-yards as near home as
you can conveniently; but the great
majority better locate a yard or two
some little distance from the home-
yard. Try to get them where the
pasturage is of a different nature than
your home-yard, and, take my word
for it, some of these years, when your
crop at home is short, you will be har-
vesting a nice crop away from home,
that will tide you over in nice shape,
thus putting your business on a firm
footing, so that you can depend upon
it for a living every year. Our Clin-
ton County yard is in an alsike clover
and basswood location; these here at
Remus, have white clover, and, then,
in August, we have the asters, which
usually produce quite a nice surplus;
then, in the spring, we will locate a
yard in the red raspberry district, in
Kalkaska County (see frontispiece).
Now, a good crop from any one of these
five sources ought to produce enough
honey to keep an ordinary family a
year. With this prospect ahead, does
any one suppose that we are worrying
about where our bread and butter will
come from in the future?

Remus, Mich., March 11, 1904

264

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

©e aii«

^meesi^

BY E. W. ALEXANDER.

¥NTIL we know more about the
successful wintering of our bees,
than we do at present, the subject of
increase will be one of much impor-
tance to all of us, especially to those
who are anxious to have large apia-
ries as soon as possible, therefore I
take it for granted that most of us
would like to have some way marked
out whereby we can make a good in-
crease every year, and, at the same
time, have it done without sacrificing
much of our surplus honey in order to
doit.

WHEN TO MAKE INCREASE.

I will suppose that you have been
caring for your bees as you should,
since taking them from the cellar. If
so, then, June first, they are crowded
full, and have their hives packed from
side to side with brood, and are in the
right condition to gather a fine sur-
plus, provided your principal harvest
comes in June or July; if so keep them
from swarming all that j'ou can and
do all in your power to induce them to
store their honey in the surplus parts
of the hive.

This course of management should
be followed until about the first of
August, when, with many of you, the
season for surplus honey is nearly over,
and you are ready to make your in-
crease for the season. Now, if you
have been getting ready for a good in-
crease, you ought to have as many
nice, young, laying queens on hand as
you have of full colonies; if so, it is
but a short job to divide each colony,
giving the queenless part to one of
these queens; then, with but little at-
tention after this, they will all make
good colonies for another year. This

gives you a chance to double your col-
onies each year, except what you lose
in the winter and early spring.

About 25 years ago I lived in a lo-
cality where my principal harvest was
in June and July; and I was quite suc-
cessful with this course of manage-
ment, but, of late years, living as I do
in a locality where the principal har-
vest comes in August, I just reverse
the time of increase and make all my
new colonies about the first of June,
which gives me two months to build
them up for the August harvest. This
I like very much, as it gives me twice
the number of colonies to gather sur-
plus.

I do wish I had time to dwell long-
er on this important part of summer
management, but, as there are some
other things to which I wish to call
your attention, I will have to drop this
for the present; but do try and remem-
ber the advice Doolittle has always
given on this subject, that is "not only
have your hives crowded full of bees
at the cojinneiiccinent of your harvest
but have l/iose bees of th^ proper age/^

HOW TO EASILY SECURE QUEENS FOR
MAKING INCREASE.

Now without entering into any de-
tailed account as to how you may have
lots of surplus lajang queens on hand
all through the summer, I will merely
say that at any time when you have a
colony that is queenless from any
cause, especially from swarming, and
it is rearing queens, take a part of the
combs containing some brood and
honey, and put them into one or two
empty hives, setting them on top of
each other on the old hive with two
wood-zinc, queen-excluding honey-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

265

boards between each two hives, giving-
each hive a small entrance, and a
young virgin or a ripe cell, and the
bees will divide themselves about
equallj'^ in each of the hives, and ma-
ture two or three queens at one time,
just as well, if properly done, as they
would one; and are not half so likely
to swarm as they would be if all had
been left together in the lower hive.
This I have practiced for a long time,
and it has given me hundreds of choice
queens with but ve^y Utile trouble.
Shortly after they commence to lay I
take out all but one queen and return
the combs to the lower hive; then they
are in fine shape for a clamp of sec-
tions, or, if I wish to run the hive for
extracted hone}', I leave on one exclud-
er and put a hive of empty combs on
top. This is only one of many ways,
if you care to attend to them, that will
go a long ways in giving you all the
surplus laying queens you may want.
As I run all my bees now for ex-
tracted honey, I will not take up any
of the thousand and one different ways
of producing comb honey. That is a
trade of itself. Neither will I enter
into any of the many different ways of
rearing choice queens, except what I
have said in the above, but there is
one thing to which I wish to call your
attention, and that is this: Not one
bee-keeper in fifty can tell me, as we
walk through his apiary, the age and
quality of every queen in the yard.
This is one of the most essential things
to know at all times if you expect to
make a 5?<rr^5.y of the business; and I
have often wondered why some one
has not given us a good practical way
of knowing this. Many j'ears ago I
used a book for this purpose, but often
found it quite inconvenient to look over
two or three hundred pages to find out
what I wanted to know at a glance, so
I adopted the following, which is
very accurate, and tells me at once all
I wish to know about the age and
quality of every queen I have. Some-

thing like thirty years ago I cut out a
lot of pieces of tin, some round, some
half-round, and some square, about
one inch in diameter, and whenever I
find a young queen commencing to lay
I put one of these little tin tags on the
front of the hive, in the left hand cor-
ner, about two inches from the bottom.
It is put on with a carpet tack through
the center, and is easily taken off with
my pocket knife, and it follows the
queen to every hive into which she is
is ever put. If she proves to be a
choice queen, the tag is put a few
inches higher up on the corner of the
hive, and, if very choice, still higher;
if she is inferior in an}' way, it is put
over toward the middle of the hive; if
very poor, it is put clear over to the
other side. I use only one shape of
tin each summer, with all the queens
of that summer's rearing. The next
summer I use another shape of tin;
then, when I walk through the apiary,
I can tell at a s:lance the age and
quality of every queen in the yard; and
then, when I have surplus queens on
hand, I can go right to the hives that
contain my poorest queens and super-
sede them at once without having to
open any hives unnecessarily. You
see, I can tell at any time I see the
fronts of my hives just how many
queens I have of a certain age, also
their quality. If you will adopt this
way of keeping track of your queens,
you will soon weed out the poor ones
and find it a great advantage to you to
do so.

You must not expect large yields of
honey from your bees unless you look
closely to some of these things. It is
very easy to bring an apiary up to a
high standard when you give the
queens the proper attention; always
breeding from the best and weeding
out the small, mismated, inferior ones.
And then it saves so much time when
you come to fix up for the winter. If
you have all the queens in good shape
early in the season, you will also have

266

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

strong-er and better colonies to put
put away.

Then, another thing to look after is,
at all times to keep the best combs in
the center of the hive. Bear this in
mind whenever you handle them, and
do not forg-et to see that there are sev-
eral pounds of nice capped clover
honey in the outside combs for winter.
I spend half the summer preparing-
my bees for winter, and I never thought
much of patching them up late in the
fall as some do, and then complain
that there is no money in the bee busi-
ness. To be sure there is no money in
it, as some run it; neither is there any
money in any other business if run in
a careless, shiftless, slipshod way.
Give me a man who takes pride in his

business ; who wants the best of every-
thing connected with it, and is willing
to study and work until he shall have
accomplished the desired end. Such a
man will succeed in whatever he un-
dertakes.

I hope a few of the many readers of
the Review will find it to their advan-
tage to adopt and put into practice
some of the suggestions I have given in
my articles for this paper; and, if so,
please give friend Hutchinson the
credit, for, had it not been for a very
urgent request he gave me last fall to
write for the Review, it is not at all
likely that I should ever have written
an article for publication.

Delanson, N. Y., Aprils, 1904

er ^ol(d fl©iiieyc

BY S. A. NIVER.

ONE October day, in the year 1894,
there was a bee-keepers' convention
held'in Miles Morton's supply-factory
in the village of Groton, N. Y. It was
mi impromptu affair — just a few bee-
keepers from the neighboring farms,
happened to be "down to the village,"
and nothing was more natural nor
more common than to gather at Mor-
ton's shop to "talk bees." W. L.
Coggshall had "come over" from West
Groton; Mr. Barrows had "come
down" from the East hill; Morton's
brother, George, and the writer, made
up the crowd. We had visited the
honey-house, a few steps away, where
a fine crop of comb honey was crated
ready for shipment. Every section
had been scraped and polished clean
and white; graded carefully — not a
cull in the whole lot. On the waj'

back to the shop we had filled our
hands with apples and pears, each
taken an easy position on a bench or
the lumber pile, and then trouble com-
menced.

THE PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

That confab led to results that fixed
it on my mind so that I remember the
gist of each one's ideas. Morton said
first: "I will agree with you, that is
the finest lot of comb honey, from a
mechanical standpoint, I ever saw.
The combs are straight and trim (have
to be with our fence separators); no
propolis nor travel stains; and all the
combs well filled and sealed. It has
taken lots of study, care and work,
and we cannot hope to advance much
further on these lines, — we are now at
th e end of cur halter. Still further

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

267

we make no gain at all in learning-
how to sell our honey. We just bundle
it off to some city commission house,
and it goes in as honey — without any
attention whatever being paid to the
care in production. The city market
becomes glutted — down goes the price.
Oh! You all know the old story.

HOW THE "slop" HONEY CAME OUT

Only last year one of the near-by
bee-keepers brought in twenty cases of
'slop' honey, that is, not up to the
mark; poorly scraped, travel-stained,
crooked combs, culls mixed in with
the best, faced with the finest next to
the glass front, and all that sort of
thing. He requested me to 'just send
it along in with mine, as there wasn't
enough to make a separate shipment.'
I declined to do so, and showed him
how to mark it, and report shipment,
to a well known commission house in
New York. Then I hurried out an
equal number of cases of my most
fancy honey to the same house. Both
went on the same train, but when the
returns came back, he had the laugh
on me for his honey sold for the high-
est price!'''' "Just like holding out your
wallet and telling them to take what
they please, and return the rest," said
Barrows.

Here I chipped in: "The big guns
in the bee papers say cultivate your
home market. ' '

"Cultivate your Granny," said
Porter Morton contemptuously. "When
one of our own members advertises in
our local papers 'twenty pounds of
honey for a dollar, — if you want a
dollar's worth drop me a postal card,'
I suppose you would 'cultivate' by
advertising twenty-five pounds for a
dollar."

COGGSHALL PROPOSES THAT NIVER GO
OUT AS A DRUMMER.

H ere Coggshall c ame out of a brown
study, and, turning to me, said: "Now

why don't you pack up a case of sam-
ples and go down to the Anthracite
coal regions and drum the retail groc-
ery trade in their cities? You would
have no local competition, for bees can
not make honey out of coal slack, and
there is nothing else down there. They
must get their honey in New York and
Philadelphia; and it is likely to be
our honey sent from here right through
that region, clear to New York, and
then sent over half way back again.
Extra freight, cartage and commis-
sions have to be taken out of either the
producer or consumer. You can cut
corners enough to leave a good margin.
You are just the one to go, for you are
wed to the drummer's life, while any
of the rest of us would become home-
sick the first day. I'll bet that plan
is a winner."

WHAT ABOUT EXPENSES?

After a silence of several minutes,
Morton asked: "What would be the
railroad fare, hotel bills, Niver's sal-
ary, bad debts, and perhaps many
other expenses we don't think of now?
How much would it amount to per
pound of honey?" A few estimates
showed these necessary expenses to be
too great for the crop of honey there in
Morton's honey-house.

Mr. Barrows said "It might not
pa}' this year, but next year it would
not cost so much, and I will come into
the venture, win or lose."

Porter said: "Count me in, and
also count on George and Harvey (two
more Mortons) but don't pass the
word around very far, or you will
have too big a job on your hands."

That was the way the "Miles Mor-
ton Honey Company" was started; and
it succeeded nicely the first j'ear, bet-
ter the second j'ear, and has never
failed a single year. Of the twelve
members, four have joined the great
majority in the higher life, two gave
up bee-keeping on account of failing
health; Coggshall purchased some ouf

268

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

fits and produced extracted only, so
the "Company" went out of business a
couple of years after Miles Morton's
death.

The editor asks for the exact and
minute details of that method of selling
honey; its good and bad points, the
elements that make for success or
failure, etc. Perhaps it will be as
good a way to tell exactly what I did;
how I improved methods each year;
and ivhy some ways proved good, and
others bad.

SOME OF THE DIFFICULTIES OF
GRADING.

My part of the undertaking grew
more imposing every moment, as I
thought out some of its details. A
uniform system of grading and pack-
ing was absolutely necessary, so I
packed every pound of it myself. To
the bee-keeper who has only a white
honey-flow, this would seem a simple
matter; just a case of white, whiter,
whitest — mix in light-weights and un-
sealed combs with the best to get rid
of them. But I discovered that the re-
tailer considered such grading a
beastly swindle, because it left half a
dozen unsalable scrubs from each case,
and there lay his profit. I was going
to meet the retailer face to face, and
would not risk any such fool racket.
Then we had four distinct colors with
which to deal. Early in the spring
we got a good quantity of sections
partly filled with a clear, pink honey,
always in the center of the section.
Then the clover and basswood flow
would account for the white combs
with a pink center. A weak swarm
might not finish entirely with white
but put a border of good black buck-
wheat around the pink and white. So,
it settled down to four grades (speak-
ing of color only) — "white, yellow,
buckwheat and mixed." Then came
the grading according to "finish,"
that is, the filling and sealing. I de-
cided to make only three grades,

"Fancy," "No. 1," and "No. 2,"—
and leave culls and scrubs at home to
be extracted, and used as "bait" next
year. Three grades only, with four
colors in each grade, made it a dozen
raw kinds to struggle with.

After that I found three sizes or va-
rieties of sections; the 4^4^x4^x7 to-the-
foot; besides Morton's 3>4^x4%x7to-the-
foot (the tall section) while my tall
sections were 8-to-the-foot. Multiply
again, and we have 35 varieties — but
the end is not yet. The tall ones were
packed 35 in the case for the thin ones;
30 per case for the thick ones, and 24
per case for the "standards."

I lived through it, made the trip, and
sold the honey at a nice advance over
the usual method. The orders were
mailed home to Morton wlio shipped
the honey as rapidly as orders came
in, and I called to collect on my way
home. This trip showed me the ex-
asperating annoyances a merchant
was "up against" whenever a case of
comb honey came into his store. I did
not wonder at the limited sales and
the general feeling of disgust at the
business, when I saw the kind of stock
usually' exposed for sale.

DIFFICULTIES WITH WHICH RETAILERS
HAVE TO CONTEND — GRAPHIC-
ALLY TOLD.

In one store I was waiting for an
opportunity to interview the proprietor
who was busy at the time, (and, of
course, that is no time to ask a man
to buy) when a lady customer called
for some honey. The clerk made a
motion as if to take a section from a
case on the counter, but an imperative
"No, I do not want any of that nasty
stuff," was sufficient. He then open-
ed another case, and I learned some-
thing right there. Mr. Clerk took a
big hatchet and tried to pry the cover.
It was nailed on solidly enough for a
cod fish box. When he got that cover
off it was in splinters, which he threw

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

269

away, and then made a grab for a
section, which stuck fast, so fast that
he pulled the top off. There was
nothing- to hold the dovetailing- together.
He threw that top away and tried
again. This time the section came
out but it was bulged out at one side
and caught on to the next one, raking-
off the caps from half of that side.
The lady did not want that one either,
but, having- one out, he soon got out
several more, and the lady selected
one, and asked the price. 18 cents per
pound, — weight 13j'2 ounces. Then I
did enjoy seeing that clerk struggle
with fractions; but he jumped at it,
said "15 cents," got the cash, and the
ag-ony was over, or changed. When
the customer had left the storethe clerk
tried to replace those sections. After
seeing him punch a hole in one with
the corner of another, I just had to
take a hand in it.

A DRUMMER HELPS A SALESMAN.

"Pardon me, mj^ boy," I said, "but
I see you are in trouble. Allow me to
help you a bit. You have sold one,
spoiled three, and bid fair to beat the
record by the way you g-o at it. Let
me show you," and I coaxed them
back easily. Then I had to put in a
little advice in this way: "Put your
mind on your work, my dear boy. You
seem to be thinking- of your sweetheart
instead of hone3^ Oh! but that's
right. I heard you whisper her name,
'Helen Blazes, ' when you broke that
second comb."

He grinned and went to attend an-
other customer, while I examined that
first case which had inspired such dis-
gust in the lady, and no wonder. The
best had been sold; the culls only re-
maining-, excepting- some "fair to good"
ones with broken cells, all of them
standing in honey which had leaked
from punches, scraping and broken
sections. It had stood on the counter
without a cover, so was full of flies,
dust, etc.

WHERE THE PRODUCER FALLS DOWN.

This may seem like a hard case, but
it was not the exception; it was the
general rule; and allow me to add,
that just such g-rading and packing,
just such weak and flimsy sections,
seem to be the prevailing method of
producing section honey. Why should
it be expected to win the favor of the
trade?

On my return, we met and thorough-
ly discussed the situation, and our
conclusions, on the whole, were very
favorable toward the scheme, but my
specifications for the next season's
crop, in the way of producing and
packing, were thought to be rather
difficult to carry out.

COMB HONEY MUST BE "fOOL PROOF."

First, I said, we must make it "fool
proof, ' ' so that the average grocer can
handle it without any chance for in-
jury to combs. Easily done by put-
ting sliced separators, or veneers, be-
tween the rows of sections. The cost
is small, and the grocer has a nice
wooden box from which to take or re-
place a section.

Second, all comb honey to be sold
by count, and graded especially for
that system.

Third, all honey to be ready for
shipment October first — no cold weath-
er shipments.

Fourth, no one-piece sections^only
four-piece sections, well glued at each
corner. I wanted a section to hold
the honey, not the honey to hold the
section together.

As we all used separators anyway,
the bulged, "fat and lean"
sections were not mentioned. Then I
could assure the company a ready
sale at a good stiff price, as the extra
advantages were worth the extra price.
I could offer my customer a better
bargain than my competitor could,
and that is the ' 'pole that gets the per-
simmon" every time.

270

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

QUALITIES NECESSARY IN A
SALESMAN.

You ask me what I say to a pros-
pective customer? The salesman who
who has a set speech to fire at every
one alike, regardless of circumstances,
is a parrot, and of no earthly good.
Excuse a story that illustrates this
idea, and another which hinges on
that same adventure.

"When I arrived in Hazelton, Pa., it
was the third year of my work as
salesman for the honey company, but
my first visit to that particular city.
While waiting for dinner I pumped the
landlord as to the lay of the land, get-
ting pointers as to the best merchants to
tackle, etc. He told me to be very
careful how I approached Mr. Blank,
for he had a disagreeable habit of
throwing drummers into the street, on
the slightest provocation. He was
wealthy, did an enormous business,
and, if I could only capture him once,
and the goods were up to sample, I
would have just the best kind of a cus-
tomer so long as I treated him well.

After dinner I made a bee line for
that store, sample case in hand. It
was a large general store, full of goods,
full of customers, and full of clerks,
bvit the first peculiarity I noticed was
the very leisurely way in which most
of the clerks were taking life, and the
extraordinary activity of an old chap
who was jumping here and there,
talking half a dozen different languages
and tj'ing up bundles as if his life de-
pended on it. "That's him," I says
to myself. Putting my samples on a
barrel, back by his office, I waited for
him to get through with those custom-
ers. But it was like waiting until the
crowd goes by down on State street,
in Chicago. As fast as one lot went
out another came in. I had learned
the one great lesson of a drummer's
life, patience, and kept still until he
was at liberty. After a long wait my
chance came, and he was ready for
me. I had scented all along that he

knew a drummer was after him.
"Well sir, what is it," he snapped
out, and I looked him squarely in the
eye, and came back at him with "Well
sir, it is my candid opinion that you

are a d d fool. For a man of

your experience, ability, standing and
age to work yourself to death, and let
a lot of clerks hold down cracker bar-
rels, is, in the language of the late
Artemus Ward, "An egregus ass."
He glanced around the store, took in
the point, smiled in a kind of amused
way, and said, as he walked back to
his office with me, "Young feller, I
guess you are about right," and I sold
him the largest bill of honey I ever
sold to any one party at one time.
But I am not done. This shipment was
smashed as badly in transit as any
shipment the honey company ever
made. On my return trip to collect
the bill, I walked into his store, ex-
pecting compliments, bouquets, etc.,
but was shown a broken up, smeared
lot. Some cases were upside down,
and the broken honey had leaked out,
run down over the other cases, and
formed puddles on the floor. My
friend, the grocer, waited for me to
open the conversation, which I did by
abruptly asking "Why did j'^ou receive
honey from therailroad in this shape?"
He said he was busy when it came in
and one of the clerks receipted for it.
I said "humph" with as much expres-
sion as I could command, then pulled
off my coat, took off my cuffs, rolled
up my sleeves, and told him to get a
pail of warm water, a good sponge, a
hatchet and a big dishpan. I did not
say "please" do this, nor if you will
get these, I will clean up a little.
That man cared more for action than
for soft ways. He did the acting, too,
and in a jiffy we were cleaning and
repacking. As I expected, it looked
worse than it really was. The broken
combs were cut from the sections, and
put into the big dishpan to be sold as
chunk honey, cases washed, (any bee-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

271

keeper knows the process) but the sur-
prise to me came good and plenty,
when that merchant pulled his coat,
got another sponge, and went at the
work with a vim, and with good
judgement, too. "Ah! Mr. Blank," I
said, "it is plain to see how you built
up your big trade. You know your
business from the ground up."

That evening I took the train for
home with a check for the full amount
of the bill, and left a good friend as
well as a good customer, in the person
of that high-tempered old chap — the
terror of drummers. But that episode
resulted in our getting out big lettered
stickers covering the whole top of a
case, which read: "This side up.
With care. Don't handle on two-
wheeled trucks," — that helped the
breakage problem, in a measure.

A FEW SUGGESTIONS.

I tried to make my customers see
that our interests were mutual, that
whatever helped to make honey sell
easily, that increased its consumption
and popularity, whether by increased
attractiveness or tempting price, was
to the advantage of both. Any infor-
mation about the best place to keep
stock, the whys and wherefores of our
being able to produce honey that look-
ed so much more tempting than others,
and any other information asked for
was cheerfully given. I had the same
price for the small corner-grocer, who
wanted only one case, that I quoted to
the largest dealers who bought fifty
or more cases. As we paid the freight,
I sent all the small orders to one man,
and paid him to deliver to his neigh-
bors, saving book-work, way-bills and
freight charges. I persuaded custom-
ers to order their entire season's stock
at one time, as we would not ship in
cold weather, and honey stored right-
ly would keep a year, I, at the same
time, showing them where and how to
keep it.

THE INFLUENCE OF LOCALITY IN
SELLING HONEY.

Now, Mr. Editor, the locality, like
everything else connected with the bee
business, must be studied to make the
foregoing intelligible. Here were
twenty or more towns and cities, en-
tirely outside of honey producing
flora, deriving their living from coal
and iron. There were no wholesale
commission houses where the mer-
chant could "phone for a case of honey
at anytime." Just how serious this
obstacle is, I found out by a trip to
Massachusetts one fall. We had a big
crop, New England a failure, and
quotations were away up in Eastern
cities, so I took a little voyage of dis-
covery. First snag I encountered was
a fake firm furnishing quotations to
the bee papers, quoting their market
as "very active," and two cents per
pound higher than they were offering
honey for, openly. A letter from us to
the journals explaining the situation,
closed them out of the "honey quota-
tions" columns.

THE CONSERVATISM OF BOSTON.

My experience with a large grocery
firm in Boston is a type of Yankee
business methods, so I will describe
it. The store was very large, clean
and neat, and, at a guess, I would
say there were fifty clerks. Some hon-
^y was displayed, marked "only 25c
each." I called for the buyer, who
was at once at my service — polite as
possible. He complimented me on my
honey, and the way it was packed, and
agreed with me that it was a great ad-
vantage to the retailer. Then came
the price. I asked him if he thought
my fancy white brand would sell as
well as the stock he had marked "only
25c each." "Ohl fah bettah, " he
said. (No 'r' in the language of the
Hub.) Then, said I, how would it
sell if you marked it iSc each, instead
of 25c? You can do it and make a net

272

THE bee-kep:peks' review

profit of 25 per cent., for I will deliver
it at 12c for each section.

He was delighted, enthusiastic, and,
after studying the situation carefully,
told me he would "owdah two cases."
I did not retail goods, and told him so;
showed him in my order book the sale
I made to a little Pennsylvania Dutch
grocer j% where the man, his wife, and
a son under twenty did the entire busi-
ness of selling and delivering, and that
order was for 42 cases; he must order
at least 50 cases, or we could not deal.
The poor man nearly had a fit. They
never bought over two cases at a time;
and, what if it did not all sell, but
spoiled on their hands? He "pwefah-
ed" to phone for one case at a time
even at the higher "pwice. " In vain
I showed him how it would advertise
his store to sell honey at that rate,
what a drawing card it would be as a
leader, etc. Oh, no; it was out of that
cast iron Yankee rut, and so like the
wild and wooly West, which would
never do for Boston, doncher know.
What a blessing it would be to the
people of that ancient place, if some
wild western firm would start a pro-
vision store there, and price goods so
they could afford something beside
beans.

Such a market as I found in the coal
regions does not exist elsewhere, and
isn't large enough to cut much of a
figure in this vast problem of how we
shall sell our honey to the best advan-
tage.

DIFFICULTIES IN THE WAY OF ESTAB-
LISHING A HONEY COMPANY
IN A LARGE CITY WHERE
COMMISSION MEN
HANDLE HONEY.

The large majority of comb honey is
produced without separators, not even-
ly graded; and is sent to large commis-
sion houses for sale. The commission
man must price it low enough to make

it move. Suppose some honey com-
pany should send a drummer into this
city (Chicago) with a stock to dispose
of that was of the Miles Morton var-
iety, having all the improvements cal-
culated to tickle the fancy of the groc-
er, and should commence to stock up
the retail stores at the same price as
quoted by the commission houses. If
the honey company were a small con-
cern, it would create no ripple worth
mentioning, but, if large enough to
affect sales unfavorably in the com-
mission houses, the inevitable result
would be — cut the prices low enough
to affect sales. The grocer would
soon find his neighbor selling at less
than his own stock cost him, and he
would buy cnly from "hand to mouth"
when next you tried him. If the hon-
ey company could stay in the game
long enough, it would drive the slop
honey man out of business, and reap
the reward, but where can such a com-
pany be even started? Who has the
ability and hustle to manage success-
fully, such an incongruous lot of "know
it all" kickers as the bee men, great
and small, have shown themselves to
be?

How did I apportion the expenses?
By adding all expenses of every kind,
and dividing the sum total by the num-
ber of cases sold, on the theory that it
cost as much to sell one kind as another.
That gave the expense per case. Each
member had a memorandum of the
number of cases and grades in the lot
he contributed to the pool. In settle-
ment I made out a statement some-
thing like this: —

Mr. Blank

10 cases Fancy White («> $3.00
10 " No. 1 " @ 2.50

20 " Fancy Buck, (it 2.50
10 " No. l' " @ 2.00

50 cases, total.
Expense, 50 cases @ 32c

$30.00
35.00
50.,00
20.00

$125.00
16.00

$109,00

Chicago, Ills., Feb. 2., 1904

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

273

J^U»^^V»1iA>tFli»V»li.»U»V»*»«.»^l»U»*^«^tM'^Fk^UF»>'*^U«1i.»^^^^^»««l*1t»^*lt»^l*i;r,.F»^^»ijr,,»^^^«

*^«x<*ir««*jf^«*rf»*^jr^«»iC«»^»^««ir»««^*rf«.>f«<«^^«^"jr««^*».«^*««^*««»4r^«x»-««RiX<"(«^».«^«.,^^^«,n^^^^^«^«^^^«^,,«^^^^;^{

Fked H. Loucks, of Lowville, N. Y.
writes: "I am going back to tlie old
way — plenty of winter-stores, and a
young queen, and then quit all spring-
tinkerinsf. "

tKii*^n^%a'^<^

Cuban Competition, which some of
us have looked upon as more or less of
a bugbear, keeps looming up in a way
that makes us think that it may yet
prove to be tlie real thing.

^^■».»^^^'«-'^rf^

E. D. TowNSEND, in his closing
paragraphs this month, writes some
of the most encouraging words that it
has ever been my lot to read. One
most cheering feature is the fact that
they are written from actual exper-

^A^i^^P^P'kKU^

Missouri State bee-keepers will
meet in St. Louis, Sept. 26, in the
same hall as the National meets. Fur-
ther particulars later. Arrangements
are being made by C. P. Dadant for
their accomimodation in connection
with the N. B. K. A.

««M«.«i>ji'«»»i^

An Old Bicycle wheel fitted to a
wheel barrow is described in Glean-
ings by Mr. C. A. Bostwick, of Ver-
bank Village, N. Y. Such a wheel on
a wheelbarrow used in the apiary
would take off the jars that are so
irritating to bees, and sometimes break
down combs.

■MJr»,»^F^^ »."U*

"The Irish Bee Guide," is the title
of a book for which I have to thank its
author, J. G. Digges, editor of the
Irish Bee Journal. The book contains
220 pages, is nicely printed and well
illustrated, many of the cuts being

made from photographs taken by the
author. It is a book that will compare
favorably with most of the standard
text books.

*^it»'».»u"«-«^R

Texas bee-keepers are making up a
carload of bee-keepers to go together
to attend the National convention next
September, in St. Louis. They will
leave San Antonio the evening of Sep-
tember 24tli, overKaty. Anyone wish-
ing to go with this crowd, or join it
while on its way out of the State, can
obtain full particulars, sleeping car
rates, etc., by addressing H. H. Hyde,
of Floresville, Texas.

••^ir^«*«-««'HM^

Difficult Problems ought to be
settled in the morning when the body
and mind are fresh and rested. Many
a time have I laid aside some puzzling
question at night, saying to myself, "I
won't think about it anj' more tonight.
In the morning I will feel brighter, and
can think more clearly." When
morning came the matter was decided
so easily that it almost seemed as
though it had settled itself.

■■^^^^x«».n««

Good Management, and enterprise,
often win even under adverse circum-
stances. For instance, the winter-
losses of bees were very heavy last
winter in New York, and Mr. Fred H.
Loucks, of Lowville, instead of sitting
down and mourning over the loss of
nearly half of his bees, went to work
and bought up all of the bees that he
could find for sale within fifteen miles
of his home. Now he is getting agood
crop of honey from these — July 4th his
best colonies were nearing the 75-pound
mark.

t*-M'd*^^^*.*^

A Roused Up, or angered, colony
will sometimes decline to be subdued

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

by smoke. The moment the smoker is
laid down, dozens of angry bees at-
tack the operator. Such behavior is
characteristic of the Cyprians. The
proper treatment is to close the hive,
and the entrance, and then drum, or
pound on the hive a short time, when
the bees will fill themselves with hon-
ey, and may be handled with ease.
Someone (I think it was Mr. L. A.
Aspinwall) called my attention to this
point while I was out on one of my
inspection-trips.

^^^^ *^^^k^r^^

"Preparedness is the secret of most
successes," says Senator Beveridg-e of
Indiana. I believe I have written
before on this subject in the Review,
but I wish to call attention
to an illustration upon which
is now turned the eyes of the whole
world — the conflict between g-reat, over-
grown Russia and little Japan. There
is probably more than one reason why
victory has thus far perched upon
Japanese banners, but the principal
one is that Japan has been for years
preparing for this very strug-g-le, while
Russia was wholly unprepared. Once
more let me say: "Preparedness is the
secret of most successes."

■M'^Wmf^ra^v

An Observation hive containing a
colony of bees was kept for several
5rears in the dining- room of the editor
of the American Bee-Keeper, and prov-
ed, among- other things, that bees will
store honey where there is light, as
they did in this case in a glass globe
placed on top of the hive, notwith-
standing the popular belief that they
will work only in the dark. Another
interesting thing is the fact that the
colony wintered perfectly although the
room was kept constantly at a temper-
ature that was comfortable for the
family, natural g-as being used as a
fuel.

^^*n««^T«jr***

ducing extracted honey. A corres-
pondent in Gleanings, after telling how
he supports the comb on a slanting
board attached to the top of the uncap-
ping tub, says, "When all is ready I
take my honey knife in my right hand,
start at the top right-hand corner, run
across to the other end of the top-bar,
down across the end; then cut up and
down as I come back to where I start-
ed, and one side is nearly all off."
Mr. Woodhouse, who writes thus,
ought to read Mr. Townsend's article
in the last Review, and learn how he
uncaps one whole side of a comb at a
single clip.

>t»U»U»^*»^lt»

Pure Orange bloom honey is some-
times secured in large quantities; so
writes Mr. Frank McNay, of Redlands,
California. He says that near the
coast, in California, the weather is
seldom suitable (too cool) when orange
blooms to secure much surplus from
that source, but, farther inland, at
Redlands, for instance, which is 80
miles from the coast, the weather is
warmer when the orange is in bloom,
and bee-keepers secure not only bar-
rels, but tons and carloads of pure
orange bloom honey. A Mr. E. B.
Rood, of Braidentown, Florida, writes
the Ainerican Bee-Keeper that as
much as 50 pounds per colony of pure
orange honey has been gathered per
colony in his locality.

iw'mr^^^^f^i^

Uncapping the combs is one very
laborious portion of the work in pro-

A Verbatim Report of the pro-
ceedings of the National convention
that will be held in St. Louis, Sep.
27-30, together with the annual report
of the General Manager, is expected to
be in the hands of the members within
three weeks after the close of the con-
vention. The report will be gotten
out at the Review oflice, and we are
now at work getting up the lists of
names, printing the advertising pages,
etc., so that when the convention is
over there will be nothing more to do

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIP:W

275

than to get out the report of the con-
vention. Mr. Geo. Ang-us, of Toronto,
Ontario, has been secured as a repor-
ter. Mr. Angus is not only an expert
reporter, but he understands something
of bee-terms, as he has, for several
years, reported the proceedings of the
Ontario bee-keepers' convention. He
also reported the Denver convention of
the National in 1902.

'a^^L^'ajr^^li^^^

The Annual Convention of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association
vpill be held Sep. 27-:?0 in the audito-
rium of the Christian Endeavor Hotel,
virithin 100 feet of the south entrance of
the St. Louis Fair. Vice President
C. P. Dadant has just returned from
the Fair, and has secured the best
possible rates for the members.

Special rates: — Send at once 50c to
Gen. Manager N. E. France of Platte-
ville, Wisconsin, to secure Charter
certificate to insure you special rates
at above hotel. $1.00 day lodging, or
$2.00 day board and lodging. Other-
wise, higher rates will be charged.
Make it a point to attend the Fair the
week before or after the convention,
and thus continue your reduced rates.
Other hotels near, but higher rates
charged. Market St. street cars, west
bound in front of Union depot, will
bring you direct to the above hotel
without transfer.

N. E. France.

«^«j«.ii,»fc»^^^^

THE UNTIMELY DEATH OF MR. H. C.
MOREHOUSE.

Mr. H. C. Morehouse, the genial,
wholesouled, likable ex-editor of the
Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, is dead —
died Sunday, July 24tli, after an ill-
ness of only eight days from appen-
dicitis. Only a short time ago Mr.
Morehouse sold one of the most pros-
perous of the newer bee journals, that
he might give his undivided time to
honej' production, in which he employ-
ed about 1,000 colonies.

He was a j'oung man, only a little
over thirt3'-five, and, had he lived,
would undoubtedly have been one of
the honey kings of the West. I have
visited him in his home, know how
happily he was situated, and can
realize something of the loneliness that
must come to the wife left to care for
the little bo^' of only 16 months.

BLACK BROOD IN SOUTH-WESTERN
MICHIGAN — PROBABLY.

Last August, while on my wa3' to
California, I stopped at Dowagiac,
Michigan, and examined two apiaries
out about three miles from the city.
The bees did not swarm, and the col-
onies were dying off at a fearful rate.
I was puzzled to know what was the
the matter. It was not foul brood, as
there was no ropiness, and too much of
the brood was diseased. Foul brood,
as a rule, begins with only here and
there a cell, gradually increasing in
number, but this trouble seemed to
attack nearly all of the brood in a
hive, leaving it a dull, dirty brown, or
yellow. Very little of it reached the
stage where it was capped, and a dis-
agreeable sour odor seemed to pervade
the hive. One apiary of 30 colonies
had rapidly dwindled to only 20, and
the other of 18 had gone down to 9. Mr
Heddon and myself examined a large
number of his colonies, and found them
all healthy. I cut out a piece of comb
from one of the diseased colonies and
showed it to Mr. France, and he said
it showed some of the characteristics of
black brood, as he understood the mat-
ter, and advised caution.

This spring Mr. Heddon noticed
that his weak colonies did not build
up as usual — kept getting weaker —
and, upon examination, he found them
affected with this same trouble. I
went with him to his 3'ard, and helped
him find and kill 20 queens in his
weakest colonies, and there were not
enough live bees left in those 20 col-
onies to make one good colony.

276

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

I cut out pieces of the comb containing
the disease, and mailed them to two of
the New York inspectors. One replied
promptly that he was not positive what
it was, and had sent it to Professors
at Ithaca for microscopical examina-
tion. If he could examine several
colonies and see the disease in all of
its stag-es, while fresh, he felt that he
would be able to diagnose the trouble.
Another one of the inspectors wrote
me as follows: —

Sammonsville, N. Y., July 16, 1904.
Friend Hutchinson: —

Your sample of brood
just received last night, on my return
from an inspectingtour, and thismakes
the sample rather old. Now comes in
one of the reasons why I wanted all
the inspectors to get together in June,
each bringing several samples of dis-
eased brood, so we could all see the
several kinds of, or rather phases of,
black and foul brood. I do not hesi-
tate to say, even with this old sample
of brood, that it is a type of black
brood, and if it works with you as it
does with us, it may spread very fast.

Now, it is my experience that it is
not a contagions, but an infedioiis dis-
ease, and may be carried on tools,
clothes, or by the bees themselves, and
it took me two years to learn how it
could travel three to five miles away;
and that was by bees from diseased
colonies flying far afield, and, sudden
storms overtaking them, thej-^ dropped
into the first hive of bees they found,
thus carrying the germs of disease. I
know such to be the case.

Treat the same as foul brood. I
wish I could talk to yon for half an
hour. I might give you the benefit of
my experience, as, in writing, I prob-
ably will be telling you a lot you al-
ready know. But, suppose a yard of 20
colonies is diseased; 10 colonies strong
and 10 weak. Shake the 10 strong
ones and take all of their brood and
put it with the 10 weak ones, first
taking out all combs of the weak not
having brood, and rendering them
into wax. As soon as the weak ones
are strengthened enough by the good
brood hatching, shake and stack the
brood on one or two of the weakest,
and, finally, shake the last one, which
will be the only one where any brood
is sacrificed.

If all were very weak it is sometimes
best to unite several. We have had to

unite as many as 10 colonies to make
one good one (several years ago. )

It is always worst when \\.first breaks
ont, especially among black bees, or
an3'' bees that are weak in vitality by
too close inbreeding. Young, vigorous
Italian queens ars a great help. When
too late to treat, if healthy colonies
have an extra set of filled combs, the
diseased colonies' combs may all be
taken away from them, if they are
strong enough to winter, and a set of
filled healthy combs given them, and
they will be healthy in Spring, if all
brood rearing had ceased at the time
this was done.

If I can be of any service to you at
any time, write me at once.

R. D. Barclay, of the State Agri-
cultural College, of Pennsylvania, has
been traveling with me for ten days to
learn bee disease and honey producing
and Prof. Benton wants to travel with
me for a week in August, to study the
situation. It is only here and there
that I now find a case of black brood
in mj' division of 13 counties.

We have the disease by the throat,
and bee men are jubilant. This is a
good honey year. I have extracted
3,000 pounds of fine honey from 17
hives (no increase) and have 7,000
pounds of honey (comb) in sight from
135 colonies, spring count. Another
yard of 40 colonies I have had worked
on shares, and do not know what they
have. Hope to meet you at St. Louis.
Yours,
Chas. Stewart.

I spent several days at Dowagiac,
driving about the country several miles
in all directions, but found only one
other diseased apiary besides the two
first mentioned; and that became con-
taminated from taking a colony there
from one of the diseased yards.

One of the first-mentioned apiaries,
the one that had nine colonies last fall
has only one left, and that one is about
dead. The one that had twenty, now
has only eight, and all diseased except
a swarm that built its own combs this
year. As soon as the harvest is over,
all of these apiaries will be destroyed.
The bees will be brimstoned, the combs
made into wax, the hives packed
away in the cellar, and further devel-
opments awaited.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

277

OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL BEE-
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION TO BE

NOMINATED IN ADVANCE
OF ELECTION.

One of the latest amendments to the
constitution of the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Associiition provides that the
Board of Directors may "prescribe
equitable rules and reg^ulations g^ov-
erning- the nominations for the several
olificers, " and the Board has just decid-
ed that the General Manag-er shall, in
Aug-ust, publish in the bee journals a
call for a postal card vote of the mem-
bers of the Association for the nomi-
nation of candidates for the several
offices (stating- the offices) to be filled
at the next election. On October 1st
the General Managfer and one other
disinterested member chosen annually
by the Board of Directors, shall count
the votes, and the two men receiving-
the g-reatest number of votes for each
respective office are to be candidates
for said office; the names of the nom-
inees and the offices for which they are
nominated to be published, at once, in
the bee journals.

In accordance with the foregoing-, I
hereby ask all members of the Nation-
al Bee-Keepers' Association to write
me their choice of men as candidates
for the following- offices:

To succeed Jas. U. Harris, of Grand
Junction, Colo., as President.

To succeed C. P. Dadant, of Ham-
ilton, Ills., as Vice President.

To succeed Geo. W. Brodbeck, of
Los Ang-eles, Calif., as Secretary.

To succeed N. E. France, of Platte-
ville. Wis., as General Manager.

To succeed E. Whitcomb, of Friend,
Neb., as Director.

To succeed W. Z. Hutchinson, of
Flint, Mich., as Director.

To succeed Udo Toepperwein, of
San Antonio, Texas, as Director.

October 1st the votes will be counted,
and the names of the two men receiv-

ing- the most votes for each respective
office will be published in the bee
journals, then, in November, a postal
card ballot will be taken which will
decide which of the nominees shall
hold the office.
Send all votes to

N. E. FRANCE,

Platteville, Wisconsin.

^^i'^^^'U'lt"

THE KIND OF WORK IN WHICH THE
REVIEW DELIGHTS.

Perhaps the Review is not entitled
to any credit for the results as shown
in this month's frontispiece, but that
is exactly the kind of bee-keeping that
it is advocating— secure a good loca-
tion and then spread out and occupy
it. Mr. E. D. Townsend has been
spreading out for several years, and
now he has ventured into a new field —
one in which tliere are thousands and
thousands of acres of wild raspberries
— thus adding another factor of safety
to his business. Just beyond where
those saw-logs are "banked" is a rail-
road, equipped, at this particular
spot, with a side track. Mr. Town-
send's two portable honey-houses and
tent are not more than three or four
rods from the side-track. There are
two regular trains each waj-, daily,
and they will stop on signal. Kal-
kaska, the county seat, is only four
miles away, so you will see it is al-
most like living in the woods with a
street car passing by the door. There
is no necessity for keeping a horse, as
freight will be dropped off if prepaid,
and a car will be placed on the side-
track if there are several thousand
pounds of honey to ship out. This
railroad is a branch of the Pere Mar-
quette, is about 30 miles in length, and
runs through a raspberry region.
When the timber is cut off for saw-
logs, as is seen in the illustration, the
berries come in and occupy the soil,
and stay right there for years and
years. Mr. Townsend and his brother
now have 275 colonies at this place

278

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

and it is likely that they will estab-
lish more apiaries at other siding-s
along- the railroad.

Now, reader, I mean you, not the
other fellow, why can't you do exactly
as Mr. Townsend has done? Why
can't you find some good location if
you have not one already, and then
branch out and keep enoug^h bees, in
diflerent places, so as to be assured of
an income? Friends, do you realize
the possibilities in our business? I
fear not. At least, many of you fail
to take advantage of them.

V»U»«^*^^^«'«

CAN BEES BE WINTERED IN CHAFF

WITH THE HIVE ENTRANCES

CLOSED?

A subscriber in Ottawa, Canada,
asks for advice on the following sub-
ject. He says:

"I have sold my place and am mov-
ing to town, and, in order to keep the
bees, I have made arrangements with
a friend for them to be kept at his
place, I to have the use of an enclosed
shed. My difficulty is in regard to the
wintering of them, as they must be
wintered in this shed. How would the
following plan answer? Board in a
bin against one side of the shed (in-
side the shed) making the bin about a
foot wider than the length of the hives,
and place the hives in the bin with
the entrances turned outward from the
wall, and surround the hives with five
or six inches of planer shavings well
pressed down, with a cover to the bin.
How can the entrances be protected?

If they are enclosed in the shavings
the air would be excluded; if left open,
there is too much exposure.

I would like to know if the plan
will work; if so, how to manage the en-
trances; also how to guard against
mice. "

I am not certain that I understand
my friend exactly. It the shed is en-
closed on all sides, the same as an or-
dinarj' room, and he proposes to turn
the entrances in, which will exclude
the bees from the open air, then I do
not approve of the plan. Bees winter-
ed out of a cellar ought at all times to
be able to reach the open air should
the temperature allow it. If the shed
is open on one side so that the bees
can fly from the entrances, the plan is
all right. Simply make a bridge to
put in front of each hive, which will
enable the bees to reach the open air.
Contract the entrance sufficiently to
exclude mice. It is not likely that
enough cold air will come in at the
entrances to do much harm. If there
is any fear that there will, a piece of
board may be placed against the outer
entrance, to be removed if the weather
should be warm enough for the bees
to fly. If this plan is followed, there
must be a certainty that the bee-keeper
will be at home when the warm day
comes.

If the hive has a loose bottom board,
it may be well to place a two-inch rim
of wood under the hive. B3' cutting an
entrance in the upper edge of the rim,
there will be no danger of its becoming
clogged with dead bees.

THE CANDYING OF HONEY.

Is it Possible to Influence the Size of the
Grain.

If consumers can be educated iind
induced to buy honey in the granulated

state it would be an advantage to the
producer, and anj'thing that helps in
that direction ought not to be neglected.
Mr. John S. Callbreath, of Rockrift,
N. Y., tells Gleanings of some of his
experience, and asks some questions

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

279

that are well worth considering'. He
saj's: —

I have just had the opportunity of
reading- up some of the back numbers
of Gleanings. On page 1001, Dec. 1,
you speak of "Eastern honey" as
though it were about all alike so far
as its candying qualities are con-
cerned. My experience is that bass-
wood honey will candy in less time
than clover and raspberry, and will
liave a much finer grain. I have never
stirred any in either case.

I was all ready to put up some in
the Aikin honey-bags last summer;
but the short crop, with brisk demand,
prevented. My plan at present is to
put all of my bassvvood extracted in
the bags, partly because it candies
with a fine grain, but mainly because
that peculiar flavor to which many
object is hardly noticeable in the can-
died state. I wonder if that isn't true
of other honeys that are described as
being "minty. " The clover and rasp-
berry I expect to put up in tin cans,
partly because I have an early de-
mand for extracted honey, but mainly
because I think its good flavor is part-
1}^ concealed by candying.

When the bag's first came I opened
one, poured some water in it and it
leaked just a little. I tried a second
and a third, with the same result; so I
decided that, when I wanted to use
them, I would parafline them; then, if
I wanted to, I could fill them with
liquid honey and let them candy when
they got ready, without the bother of
watching and waiting till the honey
was thick enough so the bags wouldn't
leak, but not so thick that it wouldn't
run well.

I paraffined a few, just to see how it
would work, leaving them spread out
full size. When I put them away I
put them up two and two, slipping the
one over the other so as to keep out all
dust. Later I filled half a dozen of
them, again using one of the empty
paraffined bags as a cover. So tight
was the fit that the smallest of ants
couldn't have got through to the honey,
and yet they went on easily enough.
At present they are about as hard as a
frozen turnip. I am keeping them to
hasten granulation in the summer's
honey. I proved by trial last summer
that the mixing-in of some candied
honey hastened the granulation of new
honey.

I have been asking myself some
other questions: Would the mixing of

half a pound of candied honey that has
■A fine grain, with 60 lbs. of new honey
that, left to itself, would have a coarse
grain, cause the latter to have any
finer grain than if the same amount of
candied honey of its own kind were
mixed with it— the amount of mixing
done to be the same in both cases?
Also would the mixing of candied hon-
ey, that has a rapid granulation, with
new honey that has a ^/^?f' granulation
cause the latter to granulate any more
rapidly than if an equal amount of
candied honey of the same kind as the
slow-granulating honey were mixed
it? I shall seek to answer them later.
I might add that I produce mostly comb
honey. But the home demand for ex-
tracted honey keeps growing so each
year that I keep producing more and
more of it.

The editor of Gleaning replies in
part as follows:

"There can be no doubt that mixing
granulated honey with ordinary liquid
honey will hasten the process of gran-
ulation in the whole mass; but whether
the fine-grained article would have a
tendency to make other honey all fine-
grained is something I can not answer.
I should be glad to get reports from
those who have tested it.

I WILL BUY

a few tons of honey and pay cash at
your depot, Correspondence solicited.
Give full particulars as to quality,
sections, when it will be ready to ship,
price wanted, etc. If satisfactory I
call on you. A. W. SMITH,
8-04-3t Birmingham, Mich.

100 Swarms for Sale

In a fine basswood and clover location: bees in
fine chaff hives with five inches of packing; and
there are fixtures for producing both comb and
extracted honey. Address 6-04-tf

E.D.OCHSNER, Prairie du Sac Wis.

Several tons of choice Extracted clo-
ver honey, put up in Kegs holding
about 160 lbs. net, at 6 cents per pound,
F. O. B. Delanson. 8-04-tf

E. W. & F. C. ALEXANDER.
Delanson, Schenectady Co., N. Y.

280

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, i8 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Either Golden or Honey-Queens after July i.

Our GOLDENS will come up with anv
other Golden strain. Our HONEY-
QUEENS are what some breeders call
"Red Clover Queens. "

I 6 12

Untested $.75 $400 $7.00

Tested 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeders 500 .... ....

2 frame Nuclei (no queen) 2.00 11.50 22.00

^^'hen Queens are wanted with Nuclei
add price of any Queen wanted. We guar-
antee safe arrival of all Queens and Nuclei.
Our Breeders may be returned after 30 days if
satisfaction is not given Cash must come with
orders. Orders are booked and filled in rota-
tion.

Mr. Ous Picaman, of l,itchfield, 111., in aletter
of Aug. 3, T903, says: "Send me two untested
honey queens. The one I bought of you two
years ago is all right. There are no better."

Mr. Frank D. Gonderson, of Oconomowoc,
Wis. .says in a letter dated Aug. i, 1903: "I like
your queens the best of any that I have ever
had." This man placed an order last August
for 24 Nuclei to be delivered this spring.

Address all orders to

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, IlK

6-'04-tf

From the Cotton Belt Apiaries are as good
as the best and as cheap as the cheapest, and
you can get them by return mail at the following
prices : Untested, 50 cts. ; tested, 75 cts. ; breeders
$3.00. We make one- two- and three-frame nu-
clei a specialty. Write for circular and price
list, which gives full information. 4-04-9t

E, A, ^IBBLC

DflHZEIlBflKEK

20th Centapy

SMOKER

Box 83,

Roxton, I,amar Co., Texas.

A SMOKER SURE FOR $1.00.
Guaranteed to Suit, or Dollar Back.

The last in the field, combines the best fea-
tures of others, with special ones all its own.

It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that
strengthens the fire-cup and holds a removable
lining and packing in place, that keeps the fire-
cup cool, thus adding to its durability. This
lining can be replaced at small co.st.

The draft-hole is midway of the fire-cup, di-
rectly opposite of the only opening in the bel
lows, from which the air is forced and deflected
upward or downward, or both ways, as desired,
to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke,
which is determined by the filling and lighting
of the fuel.

It is superior in make-up and material.

It has no parts that can clog with soot.

It will continue to smoke from three to ten
hours, in light work, until all the fuel is burned.

It wins friends who willingly recommend it
to others.

Full directions for use, and preparing special
fuel for subduing bees and destroying the eggs
and larvct of the wax-moth, with eacli .'moker.

PRICES:

$1.00 each; three for $2.70 when sent
with other goods. By mail, each 25
cents extra.

ADDRESS

F. DANZENBAKER

Care The A. I. Root Co. Sec. i. Horticulture Bid.

St. Louis,

Missouri.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

281

iWWWVW Try The Case Strain WWWWy^

Of Italians. They make the whitest comb honey; have proved ^c

best for extracted, especially in Cuba; and are but little inclined ^5

to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms ^j^

boug-ht 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is second mC

to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning- better queens, ^5

earlier and more of them, for 1904. Fine untested, $1.00. Select, J^

$1.25. Tested, $1.25, up. Circular sent free for the asking-. mC.

^)W(W J. B. Case, Port Orange, Fla. mm^

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a s:nall
job printing office, has consolidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We both had a paper cuUer, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $;o.oo last spring, 3'et
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The pve.sswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHIXSDM, Flint. Mich.

W. M. Cockersham, of Ronda, N. C.
manufactures

J©ee Supplies

AND rp:ars

Queens foP Sale

at the following-

prices

Apr

1 .00

290

One Untested,

Thrte

One Warranted, I

One Tested 1.50

Seli-ci Tested, . . '.00
Breeding, S 00

May

$ 90

2.75

1 10

i?5

2 75
S 00

June

$ .So
2.50
1.00
1.10
2.50
Soo

July
and
alter

$ -73
2.25

New^ L

i\

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending- your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1904
Catalogue and Illustrated Price List — free for the asking-.

282

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

PERFECT GOODS!

LOW PRICES!

A Customer Once, A Customer Always.

We manufacture BEE SUPPLIES of all kinds, (been at it
over 20 years). It is always best to buy of the makers. New
illustrated catalog" free. For nearly 14 years we have pub-
lished The American Beekeeper, (monthly, 50 cents a year),
the best mag'azine for beginners. Edited by one of the most
experienced bee keepers in America. Sample copy free.

The W. T. Falconer Manf 'g Co.

JAMESTOWN, NEW YORK

Wni. M. Gerrish, Epping, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at
catalog prices. Order of him and save freight.

THE DEMAND FOR

MooFe's Strain of Italians

becomes greater each year. The fol-
lowing report shows the reason why:

Excel in Storing Capacity.

B. S. Taylor, a large honey-producer of Ferris
Calif., who sent me an order for 75 queens at
one time, says: "I have a large apiary mostly
of your slock, and I have never in my 30 years'
experience, seen so quiet and gentle bees to
handle, and in storing capacity they excel any-
thing I have ever had "

Untested queens, 75c each; six, $4.00; dozen,
$7.50. Select untested, St. 00 each; six, $5.00:
dozen, $9 00.

Safe arrival and Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Descriptive Circular Free.

I am now filling orders by return mail, and
shall probably be able to do so till the close of
the season.

J. P. fflOORE,
fDopgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

For Sale!
100 winter cases

Having moved one of my yards to a deep snow
location, where bees do not winter well in chaff,
I offer for sale, 100 winter cases, built for 16-
frarae hives. Of course they can be used for an 8-
frame hive and give room for more packing.
They are built of ?3 inch white pine, boarded
up and down, with a sheet steel roof, which has
always been kept painted. Order in even num-
bers, as tlie stands go with them, and are built
in pairs, and form the bottom of the case. They
have only been used five seasons, and are nearly
as good as new. 75 cents each takes them.

Honey For Sale.

Our new crop of extracted honey is now ready
for the market. It is white and nearlj' all in
new 60-pound cans, we get 8c per pound here
for the best. Sample free.

E. D. TOWNSEND,
Remus, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

283

Will be given away for the
best article submitted on
Bee Culture, Honey Pro-
duction and its Distribution.
Here is a chance to earn
some money. Full particu-
lars in the August number
of the Journal. Write now.

A. F. Adelsbagh, Editor and Publisher

L^imfioiPdp C^^Jiato

284

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

For ROOT'S GOODS in

MICHIGAN

Send for Catalog

M, H. HUNT & SON

Bell Branch, Mich.

Our $10,000

MONDENG
4-04-6t

Bee - Keepers' S u p p ly
Manufacturing plant is
ready for business. Send
for price list.
MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

147-149 Cedar Lake Road

— If you are going to —

RlJ Y A BUZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

PATEINT, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24

VEARS the: bezst. catalog freie:.

F. BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH

BTANtyARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER.
GOLDEN ITALIANS. CARNIOLANS

By^Return Mail., Safe Arrival Guaranteed.

f*r.ich:s. oNt SIX T

Untested $0.75 $4..00 $7

Select Untested 1.00 5.00 9

Tested . - 1.50 8.00 15

Select Tested v ■ • • 2.00 10.00 18

Select Breeders, each . $3.00

Two-frame Nucleus and nice Queen . . 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO..

No 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI. OHIO

Shipping Cases

No-drip, 241b, $13.00; 121b, $8.00;
201b, Danz. size or for 4x5 sections,
$10.00. The $1.00, 1>4 story, 8-frame
Hives still goes like hot cakes. Sec-
tions, Foundation and all kinds of
Bee Supplies on hand. Send for list

W. D. SOPEK,
R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

Red Clover

Italian Queens
for 1904. Our
strain of bees is
gathering hon-
ey in every State. They work on red clover as
well as on white clover- Untested, 70c each, two
for I 2.S, or $7.00 a dozen; tested, |i.oo, or $10.00
a dozen; breeders. $3.501017.00 A four-frame
hive, painted, stocked with bees, brood and a
queen, f3 50. We shall keep on hand from 400
to 600 queens, and will be able to send queens by
return mail, guaranteeing safe arrival. Send for
circular. G. ROUTZAHN,

4-04-6t Biglerville, Penn.

Pt«aae mention the Review-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

285

■iiiiiip

IVIaPshfield Mfg. Co. I J WciSS

Were we behind on
orders this season?
Yes, but we can fill
orders again same
day when received.
Remember our busi-
ness is making- honey
sections and shipping-
cases, besides, being
dealers in beekeepers'
supplies. Send in
3'our orders.

MaPshfield ]VIfg. Co. i

IHaPshfield, Wis.

Foundation

Is guaranteed to stand at the
head for quality and work-
manship, as it is made by the
latest process of sheeting and
purifying wax, and will defy
competitors to its quality and
purity. Send for a sample
and catalog and be your own
judge. Working- wax a spec-
i alty. Friend Bee-Keeper, now
is the time for 3'ou to send in
your wax and have it worked
into foundation. Highest pri-
ces paid for beeswax. Cash,
32c; trade, 33c. Impure wax
not accepted. A full line of

Bee Supplies

AUGUST WEISS,

-04-tf

GREENVILLE, WIS.

Root's Goods at
Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

I^arge and complete stock on hand
at all times. Low freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Wzilter S. Pou<Jcr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

What They Say!

Killsboro, -Wis.
W. H. Putnam,

River Falls, -Wis,
Dear Sir: — I delayed answering your
letter until I had read the June num-
ber of the Rural Eee-Keeper, and
must say as a Bee-Keeper of 22 years'
experience I am more than pleased
with it, regardless of the assertions
of some that the publishing in this
line was already overdone, and if the
improvements continue it will cer-
tainly be second to none within its
first year of publication. I consider
the June number alone worth several
years' subscriptions, to any practical
live bee-keeper and will say let the
good work go on and on . -^ou have
a good field, aud the fact of our hav-
ing a Bee Journal published in our
own state, should be a lasting stimu-
lant to all bee-keepers of Wisconsin
and the Northwest, and 50c certainly
cannot be invested to better advan-
tage. You may send me some more
blanks. Yours truly,

ELIAS FOX.
Send loc tor three back numbers
or 50c for one year.

gllliiig|liilll|iimtnigiiiin!ii|ii ■iiiiiiiiiBiiimmi

lisiiiipife'i^ i i i I

pSUiillS UUUJI ■ UllLiJII ■ lUmj)IB UlilUil ■ liJilUIl I

■ IlllIUlBlJlliiiiiBuiuijauiilllllBllllMIBIJIllllllBlliiUIIBIIuiUIIBIJIllJU

286

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Free Trips
California

and the

SouthAivest

r
"The Earth" is a new
monthly journal, describing life
in the Great Southwest.

It is the best of its class.
It contains timely articles of
interest to those who wish to
get a home or establish a busi-
ness in the most prosperous
section of our country. It is attractively illustrated with pictures
" that talk." It is bright, truthful, instructive and persuasive.

Like all new publications, "The Earth" wishes to increase its
circulation, and offers the following very attractive prizes to persons
getting up clubs. The only condition is that you become a sub-
scriber yourself.

•^ LIST OF PRIZES

First Prize — To the person sending the largest list of paid subscribers, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Los
Angeles or San Francisco.

Second Prize — For the second largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Grand Canyon of Arizona.

Third Prize — For the third largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Phoenix, Ariz.

Fourth Prize — For the fourth largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to El Paso, Texas.

Fifth Prize — For the fifth largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Galveston, Texas.

Sixth Prize — For the sixth largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Denver, Colo.

Seventh Prize — For the seventh largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Carlsbad, N. M.

Eitfhth Prize — For the eighth largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Ninth Prize — For the ninth largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Garden City, Kan.

Tenth Prize — For the tenth largest list, a free round-trip ticket, Chicago to Kansas City, Mo.

Eleventh to Fifteenth Prizes — For the eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth largest
lists, 500 miles of railroad transportation.

All of the above transportation good over such road as we designate, and available for use until June 30,
1905. Tickets to be non -transferable and used only by the prize-winners.

If any winners of prizes one to ten, inclusive, should prefer a different trip than the one offered, an equivalent
number of miles will be issued. Lists to be closed December 3 1 , 1904.

Let us register your name as entering the
competition. Send for sample copies to
canvass with. The work should be easy.
The price of a yearly subscription to "The
Earth " is only 25 cents. No trouble to get
a large list at that price by a few hours'
work each week among your neighbors.
No minimum requirement as to the number
of subscribers you get. The prizes will
be paid regardless of results.

Write To-Day to The Earth,

1118 Railway Exchange, Chicago.

Cut out and mail this coupon.

THE EAR-TH,

1118 Rail-way Exchange, Chicago:
Enclosed find 25 cents for one year's sub-
scription to "The Earth."

Please enter my name in your Prize Sub-
scription Contest, sending me necessary blanks.

Name

Street No.,

City and State

HIGH GRADE of Italian Queens at
living prices. Write for price list.
J. F. Michael, Winchester, Ind.

rHUNK COMB honey wanted. Give particu-
y lars as to quantity, price, package, time you
ship. E. A. HEARN, Salisbury,' Md.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

287

'^^^^^^^'^^W^^^^^'^^^^'^^-4^§^4^4^4^M'

ft >.

m

Retail — Wholesale

'4^^

Has an established reputation because made by a
process that produces the CLEANEST and the
PUREST, and in all respects the BEST and the
most desirable. Send for Samples.

Working wax into Foundation
For Cash

Is a specialt3\ Beeswax Always Wanted at the
HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

#1*

A Full Line of Supplies at Both
Retail and Wholesale.

Send at once for Catalog- and discounts on larg-e
orders.

E. Graing-er & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Ag-ents
for Canada.

Please mention the Review.

288

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

AV^py Iniproverrjeot? Tbis Ye2^r.

We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies.
The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber
than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied
with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi-
nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators.
The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate-
rial is used all through. Our I^atest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly
polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles,
and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure
enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be
worked by the foot.

Tb^ Heddon Hive.

Another valuable adjunct to our manu-
facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not
hesitate to say that it is the best all round
hive ever put upon the market; and we
are pleased to state that we have made
arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the end
that we can supply these hives; and the
right to use them goes with the hives.

Hooey Extrevctors.

Our Honey Extractors are highly orna-
mental, better manufactured; and, while
the castings are lighter, they are more
durable than heretofore, as they are made
of superior material.

Tb^ Pro5r^55iv^ B^e^-K^^p^r.

Ivast, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved,
being brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land,
and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price;
only 50 cts. per year.

Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres-
sive Bee-Keeper. Address

LEAHY A\fg. 00.,

Higginsville, f\o.
Ea$t St. Louis, Ills.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are made according
to these rules;

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides: both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission— the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

KANSAS CITY, MO.— Honey stock is well
cleaned up, and demand good. Beeswax in
good demand. We quote as follows: — No.i
white, $2 50 a case; No.i amber, $2.25 a case;
White extracted, 55^2c; amber, 6c; beeswax, 30c.
WAI^KER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
May 3 423 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo

CINCINNATI— The supply of honey at the
present time is limited, with but moderate de-
mand. New honey is beginning to arrive.

We quote our market today as follows, — Am-
ber extracted in barrels and cans, 55^ to ejic.
White clover extracted, 6^2 to 8c: comb honey
(demand limited). 13 to 14c for fancy and No. i.
Beeswax, 29c.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

July 29

Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFALO. — New honey arriving moderately,
but demand is light. Don't advise shipping be-
fore September or October. Too much fruit
Now. We quote as follows: — Fancy white, 14 to
15c; No. I white, 12 to 13c: fancy amber, 11 to 12c;
No. I amber, 9 to loc; fancy dark, 8 to 9c; No. i
dark, 7 to 8c; beeswax, 28 to 30c.

BATTERSON & CO.

July 27 159 Michigan St. BufiFalo, N. Y.

PHILADELPHIA— There has been absolutely
no call during the past two weeks for either ex-
tracted or comb honey. Quite a lot of new
goods from the South has been offered, but not
enough sales to fix a market price. Everybody'
is expectantly waiting to see what the outcome
will be in the way of production. Some parts of
York state have quite a crop, while other parts
have little or none. Several large lots of extract-
ed honey have arrived in our market. We quote
as follows: — Fancy white, 7 to 8c; atnber, 6 to 7c;
Southern, $% to 6c; beeswax, 26c. We are pro-
ducers of honey and do not handle on commis-
sion.

WM. A. SELSER,
July 29 10 Vine St. Philadelphia, Pa.

CHICAGO— The market has an over supply of
comb honey, very little of which will pass as
No. I grade — price is ii to 12c per pound, and
off-grades at corresponding values Extracted
at 6 to 7c per pound for best grades of white;
amber colors, 5 to 6c; beeswax, 28 to 30c.
R. A. BURNETT & Co.,
July 27 199 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

NEW YORK— Very little demand for comb.
Extracted in fairly good demand, with plenty of
supply. Beeswax is dull and declining. We
quote as follows: — P'ancy white, 13c; No. i white.
i2c; fancy amber, 10 to iic; white extracted, 6]4
to 7c; amber extracted, 5 to s^c; beeswax, 28 to
29c.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265 & 267 Greenwich St., Cor. Murray St.
July 3c New York.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.— The sales of comb
honey which are now being made, amount to
but very little; Some fancy comb left from last
sea.son finds sale at 12'/^ to 13^2^. The new is
just beginning to be offered, and small lots are
coming in. Extracted for manufacturing pur-
poses, finds a fair demand. I. quote amber in
barrels, $}{ to sHc; water white alfalfa, 6J^c.
Extra fancy white clover. y%c; beeswax, 28c.

C. H. W. WEBER.
July 27 Cincinnati, Ohio.

CHICAGO— With the past week we have had a
very good trade on comb honey, which is in-
creasing daily, and, if producers have any new
honey ready for shipment, we advise letting it
come forward at once, and no doubt can dispose
of it so as to net them handsome returns.

Trade on extracted honey is inclined to be
somewhat slow yet, but we look to see trade on
this commodity improve after the first of the
month. We quote as follows: — Fancy white,
121,^ to 13c; No. I white, 11 to 12c; white extract-
ed, 6 to 7c; amber extracted, 5 to 6c; beeswax,
28 to 30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.,

July 27

189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills

KANSAS CITY, MO.— The arrivals of new
honey are increasing, and demand seems a little
better each week; dark honey sells slowly at
present, also extracted, but with cooler weather
we look for the trade on amber and extracted to
be better. We quote as follow.^: — Fancy white,
$2.75 per case; No. i white, 12,75; beeswax, 30c
per pound.

C. C. CLEMONS & CO.
July 27 Kansas City, Mo.

ALBANY, N. Y — The honey market has not
fairly opened up yet. Receipts very light, and
very little demand in .-august. Would advise
bee-keepers to hold stock until September or
October when there is a demand. Some white
comb is coming in, and sells at 15 to i6c; ex-
tracted clover, 7c for white, and 6c for mixed or
dark.

H. N. Wright,
Wholesale Commission,

July 29

Albany, N. Y.

f^es^asaga

MODERN

QUEEN
REARING

rnctinooTciiNniir

BOOKLETS

FOR

i

m BEE-KEEPERS
&j

i
i
i

i

g THE A. I. t^OOT COJWPAHV

^ JWEDIflfl, OHIO

Modern
Queen Rearing

By Geo. W. Phillips, foieman of
the qneen rearing yards of The A.
I. Root Company. Anyone can
snpplj' his own apiary with the
best qneens at a little cost. This
booklet gives simple, complete
directions for doing so. All can
nnderstand it. The method itself
is the best. It is no particular
"S3'stem" of one man bnt em-
bodies the best in them all. An
expert can gain information from
this book while the novice will
find nothing but what he can
nnderstand and do.

Price, 15c post paid

How to Produce
Extracted Honey

Every bee-keeper who runs for
extracted honey should read this
booklet. It is full ot valuable in-
formation. Many labor saving
devices and plans are explained.
It tells how to care for and work
the extracting machine: uncap
combs, etc. How to render cap-
pings and broken combs. Also
how to put up honey in the most
attractive form for retailing. It
gives in fact everything that is
wanted on the subject in the
cheapest possible form.

Price, 15c post paid

Special Offer — Both Books for 25 cents

September, 1904

V.^^'^'

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBWSHBD MONTHI^Y
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Metered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postofi&ce, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 200

Terms — |i.oo a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Sept. 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 5
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with —

Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal.. .. ( 1,00) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( i.ool 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 1.20

Rural New Yorker ( i.oo) 1.85

The Century ( 400) 4-5°

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ( 100) 1.75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 400) 4.10

Harper's Weekly ( 4.00) 4.20

Youths' Companion .... (new) . . . . ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( 1.00) .1.90

Success (I.oo) 1 .75

BEE-KEEPERS— ATTENTION ! ! !

Are you going- to buy bees? Are you
g-oing- to locate in Texas? We make a
specialty of nuclei and full colonies of
bees for shipment, in any quantitjs
anywhere, at all seasons ot the year.
Car lots a specialty. We are selling
agents for a large number of colonies
of bees, in quantity and locations to
suit purchasers. This is a great bee
country iind we can supply you the
bees at satisfactory prices. If you
wish to buy a farm or ranch with the
bees very likely we can have it for
you; write us 3rour wants.

We are Southwestern managers for
The W. T. Falconer Mantifacturing
Company, and will carry a full line
of Bee-Keepers' supplies at FACTORY
PRICES. Let us iigure with you be-
fore you buy your supplies. Order
early and secure the cash discounts.
We will carry a line of honey cans in
season, and bu}' your honej' crop; we
also want all the beeswax we can get
at the highest market prices. OUR
AIM — To supply the bee-keeper his
wants and buy his products in return.
Correspondence in Spanish and Ger-
man a specialty.

THE HYDE BEE SUPPLY CO.,

H. H. Hyde, Pres. and Mgr.,
129 N. Flores St,,
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

Names of Bee-Keepers

m
m

a TYPE WRIT- TEN li

ii m

The namesof my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates) ,
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated.
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 378
Colo.. . 22S
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162
Dak ... 25
Del.. ..
Fla ....
Ga ....
Ind....
Ills....
Iowa . .

iS
100
90
744
1375
800

Ky

Kans..

Iva

Mo

Minn..
Mich...
Mass.. .

Md

Maine
Miss . . .
N. Y...
Neb.. .
N. J...
N. H. .

182

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

• ■345

. 130

.158

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon . . 109
Ohio..
Penn.
R. I..
S. C...
Tenn.
Tex . . .

Utah 68

Vt 200

Va 182

W. Va....i72

Wash 128

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

1 30c
912
46
40
176
270

^.

This Is the man who pub-
lishes the only independent
Bee Journal in the West.

P

f^^

W

i^'f IH

i

i

fji

fl^^Si

p. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor and Publisher

WESTERN BEE JOURNAL

1 03 W. Seventh St.

Hanford, Cal.

If the

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its column^:
a favor is conferred upon botu
the publisher and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima
tion of the advertiser fand it en.
ables ihe latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

1

I
i

I

Bee - Keepers m Ho Fish-Bone

i
i

Save inone\- 1)\- buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else yon need of the

W. T. Fzvlcooer ^f?. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

g^^Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

^^^^^^^^^^

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
J. VAfl DHOSHfl,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

290

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

P

i

m

0'-

ll*

m

Dadant'5

Foundation

Why Docs it Sell so Well ?— Because it has always
g-iven better satisfaction than any other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

We GuArZiOtec SzitisfActioo^ What more can any-
body do? Beauty, purity, firmness, no sagging-, no
loss. Patent Weed Process of Sheeting.

BcejWZiX Wziptecl Zit All Tirne?— Send name for our
Catalog, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

l-Ai7g5trotb op tbe Hopcy - Bee, Revised.
classic in bee-literature. $1.20 by mail.

The

DADANT & SON,

Ha.nr)iltoi5, Illinois.

U. C. 6- A. G. WOODA\AiH, Gran^l Rapi«ls

j^ i=ig«nts for A\icbis:^n 3-04-iot ,

^>\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N^if

t^X \ \ \\\\ \\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \:$!^

Ij
m
m

m

m
%%

m

9m,

m

M
m.

W-
f%
m

m.

li
m

%f

IT PAYS

to send 3'our orders a distance of 1,000 miles

FOR

BEE-SUPRLIES

to R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

LARGE, HEALTHY, PROLIFIC,

Beautiful Italian Queens sentprompt-
ly by return mail at only 50 cts each.
Safe arrival and Satisfaction guaran-
teed. J. w. K. SHAW, & CO.
7-04.tf Loreauville, La.

Please mention the Reuieia.

{ROOT'S BEE-SUPPliIES

t^OOT'S Pf^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLBY & DEUEL, Kendall, Mich

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

291

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

I^ATERTO Wn;

WISi

MAKES THE FINEST

Send for Catalog

THE G. B. LEWIS CO.

Watertown, Wis.

U. S. A.

m

ake Youp Own Hives,

3ee - Keepers

Will save monc}' by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills, y

4 -04 igt

^^?^

^M^-

692

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Get Shipping: Cases

You can do it now.
won't be able to do it.

Maybe when you'll need them you

One=piece covers without extra charge.

If you prefer them you can have the one-piece covers with-
out any additional cost. If you want them you'll have to
mention the fact, though.

The fire which g'utted other parts of our power building-
didn't affect our abilitj^ to get out orders. It will pay you to
write us about goods that are discolored by smoke and water.

Minnesota Bee=Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co. ^y^
Minneapolis, Minn.

site
s2k

^(^

sa«
5is

Are you looking for

QUEENS?

If so I can furnish you queens of the
following races by return mail:

Three- and five-banded Italians, Cy-
prians, Holy Lands, Carniolans and
Albinos.

Untested, of either race, 7Sc each;
Select, Untested, $1.00 each; six for
$4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested, of either
race, $2.00 each; six for $10.00; one
dozen, $18.00; Breeders, $4.50 e^ich.
Safe arrival guaranteed.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

TA/nRlT^Clt^. To sell my farm of 30
yii iTllTl 1. CU. acres, young orchard of
Apples and Peaches, a few Pears and Plums.
Two miles from A . I. Root's ranch. Terms on
application. D. B. IvINDSEY,

8-04-31 Traverse City, Mich.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing busine'=s in every State
in the Union and in many foreign countries.

The demand for l,aws' queens has doubled any
previous season's sales.

I,aws' queens and bets ^re putting up a large
share of the hon"?y now sold

I^aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over
the world. Why? Because it is the best to
be had.

Remember ! That I have a larger stock than ever;
that I can send you a queen any month in
the year and guarantee safe delivery; that I
have many fine breeders on hand. Price,
I3.00 each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for $6.00.
Prices reduced after March 15. Send for
circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

VIRGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens, secured by years of selection
from a cross between Red Clover strains and the
Superior Stock furnished by W . Z. Hutchinson.
No better bees are to be had anywhere .

Untested queens, large, vigorous and prolific,
only75cts. After June 15th, only 65 cts. Test-
ed aueens, $1.00: alter June 15th., 75 cts.
./ Writje for discounts on large orders.

CHAS. KOEPPEN,
Fredericksburg, Virginia

6-04-tf.

V

CQ

[^

Qu

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
W. Z. flDTCHDiSON. Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, SEPT. 15, 1904. NO. 9.

!©siey at 12 Ceat^

BY H. G. AHLERS.

.sstracte<

JT/O introduce myself to the readers
-1- of the Review I must make the fol-
lowing- explanation: I was born and
raised one mile from my present resi-
dence. I lived in I>ouisiana about
sixteen years. I kept bees, and sold
honey there, more or less, most of the
time; with a financial /oss all the time.
May 15th, 1899, I shipped, by express,
26 ten-frame cases, mostly sealed
brood, young bees and queens, from
New Orleans, to Wisconsin. From
these bees I took nearly 3,000 pounds
extracted honey in June and July. I
have since then increased my bees to
only 54 colonies. I have averaged 100
pounds of extracted honey per colony,
per annum.

HOW THE TRADE WAS STARTED.

In the fall of 1899, while going to the
State fair at Milwaukee, I took along,
in a satchel, twelve Mason quart jars
of honey. Some relatives sold them
for me, while I waited, at 30c without,
or 35c with, the jar. Most of the jars

were exchanged. When I arrived at
home I received a request by mail to
send in "some more of that nice
honey." Many of the neighbors want-
ed some because, they declared, it was
much better than Johnson's or Smith's
honey. I sent in several hundred
pounds to these relatives. The neigh-
bors got the honey and paid 10 cents
per pound for it. The honey was sent
in by one of my neighbors, who sup-
plied customers with butter. I paid
him one cent per pound. He returned
all empty jars and crocks. In August
and September, 1900, this same neigh-
bor hauled in over 1,000 pounds for me.
I sold this honey myself, mostly in
Mason quarts. Orders were taken for
crocks containing ten or twenty
pounds.

HOW THE BUSINESS GREW.

In 1901 I took 6,000 pounds from 31
colonies. I then bought a good horse,
a platform wagon nine feet long (a
regular milk wagon) with extra side-

294

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

boards and end-board. The side-
boards contained the following- letter-
ing-: "Pure Honey, H. C. Ahlers,
West Bend, Wis." The tail-board
had the one word — "Honig" — in Ger-
man letters. This caused some merri-
ment, but it drew the attention of the
public to my outfit.

This wag-on was g-uaranteed to carry
1,000 pounds, but orders came in so
fast that I was compelled to overload,
and I had numerous brealc-downs. I
live 30 miles from Milwaukee. My
boy (then 14) and I would leave home
sometime after midnight, get to our
destination about eight to ten o'clock
A. M., and deliver inost of the load the
same day. Next morning we would
finisli and get back home before night.

I found tlie crocks too heavy, and
there always was some breakage, so I
started the season with the ten-and
twenty-pound tin, lard pails. Thej'
are made with special covers for honey,
and have the words: ''Pure Extracted
Honey," stamped in them. I put these
pails up with 13 and 25 pounds, re-
spectfully, of honey. Pails were
weighed in, as if they were honey. I
always pay 10 and 15 cents for the
empties if returned in good condition.
There is practically no tare. I very
seldom get back the first few pails
sold to a party. They are so handy
for the children to carry water, or the
boys take it when they go fishing.
This season about ten per cent, were
returned. Most of this crop was sold
right on the street. People were so
anxious to get some of my honey that
at times I have had a dozen women at
my wagon, all saying, "Give me a
pail too," or "I want an extra one for
my sister." In this way I have taken
in thirty dollars at a single stop.
After selling about three loads, our
customers and best friends had been
mostlj' supplied.

DRUMMING UP TRADE — HOW TO DO IT.

We now had to look for more trade.
I took one side of the street, my boy

took the other, each with a 13-pound
pail. I usually go to the side, or rear
door. When opened I set down my
pail (closed) and say: "My name is
Ahlers. I suppose you have heard of
me. I am from West Bend. I am
related to Mr. Engel, on 20th street.
I have been supplying this neighbor-
hood with honey. Mrs. Erler, across
the way, has bought 25 pounds for
herself, ordered two pails for her sis-
ter, one for her motlier, and I have
left two pails for friends. I want you
to taste this honey," — at the same
time I pull out a sheet of a peach bas-
ket, and break off a splint (it is very
plain that no one has had this in his
mouth), take the cover off the pail, and
hold it up for convenience. While she
is tasting the honey I usually give her
about the following: "This honey is
not only strictly pure, but it is the
best that money can buy." I then
hand her a honey leaflet, and read to
her: "I guarantee all honey sold bj'^
me as strictly pure, and to give entire
satisfaction, or money cheerfully re-
funded." I then say: "Keep this
leaflet. It gives you the most reliable
cooking receipts witli honey. It gives
3'ou such information as every con-
sumer of honey should know. Besides,
you alwa3's have my full address when
3'Ou want more honey."

She may not have the money today.
Then I am glad to take her order for a
pail to be delivered in a week or two,
as the balance of the load is mostly
ordered anyway. She may take a
quart "just to try it." I never put
down an order for less than one pail.
The quarts are put up just for trial
orders, and street trade. Some cus-
tomers order a dozen quarts.

don't ask people TO "buy."

1 never a.a\i people, "Do you want
to buy some nice honey?" After mak-
ing the necessary explanation, I
ahvays tell them I want to sell them
some of the best honey it has ever been
their pleasureto taste. I always have,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

295

and always express, the very fullest
confidence in anything- I have for sale.

DRESS NEATLY, AND ADVERTISE.

I wear a ten-dollar business suit, a
pair of light shoes, kept as bright as
circumstances will permit, a three-
dollar soft hat, appropriate for farm-
ers to wear, a good shirt, and always
a tie. I advertise in three or four daily
papers during the selling season. I
use the best stationerjs neatly print-
ed. I use printed shipping tags on
f. o. b. orders.

SAVING TIME AND SECURING ORDERS
BY MAIL.

When a lady starts something like
this: "Oh! I have a good friend who
lives on Thirty-third Street, between
Walnut and Galeno, by the name of
Schleifenberger. She lives about the
middle of the block, in a little brown
house — you can't miss it," I say:
"Hold on! Our time is too valuable,
with two men and two horses. Ex-
penses are too high. Please give her
this postal. I should be pleased to
get her order. If it is mailed this
week, the honey will be delivered on
our next trip. " I carry with me a
supply of postals with my address on
one side, and the following on the
other:
Sir:

Send us, within two weeks,

pounds of honey.

N. B. All orders filled, or parties
notified when supply gives out.

Before my residence I have a neat
sign worded: "Choicest honey for
sale here." I have mj^ mail box paint-
ed white with my name on either side.
I put an occasional adv. in our local
papers. I make it a point to advertise
my business all the time, and to be
hammering at the fact that fto better
honey can be bought. I am often addres-
sed: "Are you the man who adver-
tises in such a paper? I have been
wanting to write you. Take my or-
der."

This season we did not solicit one
single order in a house canvass, ex-
cept customers, and such places as
customers sent us.

SELLING 20,500 POUNDS OF HONEY AT
RETAIL.

My crop was 8,000 pounds from 42
colonies, and I bought enough more to
make it 20,500 pounds. We made
thirteen trips with a good team of
roadsters, a strong wagon with an
eleven-foot box, two feet high, lettered
as usual. There was a good cushion
with a back rest — high enough. A
high back rest is very essential to
health, and adds greatly to one's com-
fort on such a long trip. The last six
loads were sold at 12 cents per pound!
In the future, all my honey will be
sold at that price to consumers, deliv-
ered in Milwaukee. I will deliver to
stores,, in quantities over 200 pounds,
at ten cents; also to my home trade.
I have been buying, as far as possible,
each 3'ear, from the same parties. I
paid this season from 6% to 7% cents
f. o. b.

THE SECRET OF GETTING LARGE ORDERS.

I have set my mark for next season
to sell 30,000 pounds. People cannot
buy honey from me at any time. If
they want the best honey they must
supply themselves before cold weather
sets in. This is our secret for getting
such large orders. Our honey is the
best, and they can't get any more,
anywhere, after about Nov. 15th.

In Milwaukee we board with pri-
vate people. We leave the wagon on
a street corner, with the tail board
toward a very much traveled street car
line. When we get ready to go home
we leave any unsold honey at this
place; and we allow the party ten per
cent, for selling. He keeps a printing
office and displays the honey in the
window. He has sold over one thou-
sand pounds. Had we been able to
supply him from the start, over two
thousand pounds could have been sold
there.

296

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

EXTRACTING, STORING AND PUTTING
UP FOR THE MARKET.

I extract my own honey when it is
nearly all capped; store it upstairs in
open, waxed, alcohol barrels. These
barrels are on stands sixteen inches
high. The honey is drawn off through
the largest size molasses gate. I in-
sert my gate about two inches from
the bottom. I put my honey in from
the extractor without straining. Any-
thing heavy will settle to the bottom.
Light matter will remain on top. I
draw off the honey as I need it. When
a barrel begins to run thin or dirty, I
leave the biilance until the last of the
season. All honey is heated from 140
to 160 degrees in the old fashioned
way, in four enameled kettles, on the
kitchen stove. I have two galvanized
tanks, holding nine hundred pounds
each. I generally use cheese cloth,
and, for some hone3s a finer grade of
goods for a strainer. This is held
over the top with an iron hoop that
just fits. From these tanks the honey
is also drawn off through a large sized
molasses gate, an inch from the bot-
tom. The tanks are on stands 18
inches high. Platform scales set un-
der the gate, a lid is placed on the
scales, and the honey weighed right
into the tin pails. Quart jars are not
weighed. If properly filled they will
hold three pounds. The quarts are
sold at forty cents. If my own jar is
returned at any time I pay five cents
for it. I now use white flint jars. By
ordering ten gross they cost me $5. per
gross at the factory of Ball Bros., at
■ Muncie, Ind. The tin pails are bought
from the American Can Co., Chicago,
111. The last lot cost me, ten-pound
honey pail, at $9.75 per hundred,
twenty-pound honey pail, $18.00 per
hundred at factory.

Forty-eight hours after the honey
has been heated all air bubbles and
foam have come to the top. It then
runs fast enough through the gate so

that I can put up 2,000 pounds in a

day.

All my honey is neatly labeled with

a small label, printed in black, and

reads as follows: "Choicest Linden

Honey from the Apiaries of , and

Choicest Clover Honey." I sell only

strictly pure, white, clover honey for

clover. I mix all the way to fift3'^ per

cent, clover honey with basswood, to

take away the tartness. I consider

this the principal point of success in

my entire honey business. My label

does not read Strictly pure Linden, but

"Choicest Linden."

I create the impression that I pro-
duce all honey sold by me, but I do
not s-xy so. A party will say: "You
must have an awful lot of bees." I
answer: "When I get done I will have
20,000 pounds of honej'sold. " It is not
always wise to tell even the truth, but
I make it a point to tell no lies.

It will cost me nearly one hundred
dollars for advertising, stationery and
reading matter for 1903; yet, after tak-
ing off all expenses, I have the sum of
$800 for my own labor and the team,
from bees and honey alone.

I have a thirty-acre farm, and am
working into small fruit. I sell the
eggs from 120 hens to several honey
customers, at a premium of five cents
per dozen above wholesale quotations.
I sold a load of potatoes to customers
at a cent and a half a pound in Octo-
ber. It is very easy to sell any good
article to a well-pleased\\o\\&y-c\x^iom&r,
at a good price. Apparently, the
honey puts them in a sweet humor.
Young chickens are sold to my cus-
tomers. Old hens are sold to the store.

When I shipped up those bees from
New Orleans I took the best combs of
brood, and the best young queens from
115 colonies, and abandoned the bal-
ance. I couldn't sell them at any price.
Since then, I understand, some were
burned, high water took some, and
those that the darkies left were killed
out by foul brood.

West Bend, Wis., Dec. 15, 1903.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

297

iimtlerSini^ of Bees*

BY G. F. SMITH.

tl

kAST January the Review publish-
ed an excellent article by Mr. C. F.
Smith, of Cheboygan, Michig-an, on
the influence of moisture and ventila-
tion in wintering- of bees. Quite a num-
ber of criticisms and queries came to
both Mr. Smith and the Review after the
appearance of the article, but Ithoug"ht
best not to publish any of them until
this fall, when they would be more
seasonable. Among- others, Mr. H. A.
Bushby, of Scandia, Kansas, wrote
and asked a number of questions in
reg-ard to the building and manag-e-
ment of a cellar. Mr. Smith wrote
him a long- letter in reply, and, before
sending- it to Mr. Bnshby, he sent it to
me that I mig-ht see it, I thought it
good enough to print in the Review,
and, as the season is now approach-
ing when we must begin to prepare for
winter, I give the letter entire. — Kd.
Revikw.

Cheboygan, Mich., Feb. 14, 1904.
Mr. H. A. Bushby,

Scandia, Kan.
Dear Sir. — Yours of the 8th reached
me last night. I am gi ad you wrote
me the questions, for the article I
wrote for the Review was intended for
advanced apiarists. If I were keeping
bees in your latitude (as I was once)
and were contemplating building a
cellar for bees only, there are two
things I would consider: 1st, does the
honey ever candy in the comb? 2nd, is
it ever so thin that it diseases the bees?

BEE.S CONFINED .SIX MONTH.S, YET
HEALTHY.

You speak of great extremes of tem-
perature and sudden changes, also of
great loss of bees and stores, caused
by fruitless flight, and squads of bees

freezing solid. In a sudden change,
bees often get caught in outside combs
and become chilled. If bees pass
through six or seven months here on
the Straits of Mackinac, in a house-
cellar at 40 to 60 degrees, with no
flight, (there is often a period of six
months that they can't fly if they are
out) with no greater loss than six or
eight pounds of honey or .syrup, and
practically no bees, and keep clean,
healthy and quiet to the last, I see no
reason why the3' can't in Kansas, pro-
viding the honey or syrup is good. If
your alfalfa honey candies above the
bees, keep the cellar very warm (say
60 to 75 degrees) so warm that the bees
will be compelled to spread out over
the honey and thus keep it dry and
warm. For this condition, an under-
ground cellar, as a matter of economy
in heat and fuel saving, might be best.
But if your bees often get a lot of thin,
unripe and unsealed honey, I would
build a cellar above ground. Build an
inner and outer door of double thick-
ness with tarred paper in the center of
each door, and inside of inside door,
and pack the roof well with sawdust
or chafl:.

Put in two eight-inch ventilators
with dampers.

You need no floor or window. Put an
inch gas-pipe through the south or-
east wall five feet from the ground. I
would extract the unripe honey if prac-
tical, but if not, keep the temperature
high. Allow the great excess of mois-
ture to pass freely from the hives, and
also from the cellar. If honey will
ripen in September at a daily temper-
ature of 75 degrees, and nightly tem-
perature of 40 to 50 degrees, why
wouldn't it ripen in a cellar at a tern-

298

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

perature of 60 to 80 degrees? It would;
but most bee-men confine the evapo-
rated moisture in the hive, and instead
of ripening-, the honey absorbs more
moisture; and what isn't absorbed,
condenses on the top-board, and falls
back on bees and honey; or else, if the
bees are strong and will consume four
pounds of honey per month, with a
cellar at 40 degrees, the moisture is
driven to the cold corners and sides,
where it condenses and runs down and
out; that is, what doesn't soak into the
wood, dead bees, and form in mould
on the combs.

One of the oldest bee-men in the
State, who has spent a life-time in-
venting things for bee-men, has finally
got an underground cellar so tig-ht
that not an ounce of water can enter,
yet he makes absolutely no provision,
that I know of, for ridding the hives of
a ton of water, except as I have indi-
cated, and what passes off throug-h
three big ventilators. H. R. Board-
man (Sept. Review, 1903) winters his
bees in a big cellar above ground with-
out ventilators, but with absorbing
sawdust walls and artificial heat. Ira
Barber (Feb. and May Review, 1993,)
winters bees in a manner satisfactory^
to him in an ordinary house-cellar,
maintaining a high temperature by
crowding; while Doolittle can winter
his bees in a cellar on four pounds of
honey. All these men have trouble
towards spring, unless it is Doolittle,
whose hives are unpainted and so old
that they are like a sponge, so that the
moisture readily passes through. I
get the same results in painted hives
with the covers off. If Mr. Barber
would leave the covers off, his bees
would not get uneasy and roar. Mr.
Bingham could winter his colonies on
four pounds each, instead of twenty,
if he would

LEAVE THE COVERS OF^F.

In hives without covers, the moisture
not only all passes off, but the bees
have perfect control of the heat; and

we can permit a very much greater
variation of cellar temperatures; in
fact, I don't hesitate to say that a
strong colon}'^ would winter perfectly,
clustered on the outside of a two-bush-
el bag, with ten pounds of honey or
syrup in it, in a dark cellar where the
temperature ranged anywhere from 40
to 100 degrees.

Build your cellar just large enough
to hold the bees — say 8 x 10 inside for
125 colonies. If their feed is in a nor-
mal condition, place one or two thick-
nesses of burlap under each top-board
in October; in a week or two they will
lie close to the frames, when the top-
board is removed. Put them in earl}',
say November 1, (and I honestly be-
lieve I ought to say October 1, for
good reasons) leaving every cover out.
If there is much uncapped honey, I
would cut up old blankets for addition-
al covering, depending on how warm
the repository is kept, and, if it drop-
ped to 30 degrees very often I'd put a
coal stove in it. A low flat car cover-
ed with straw could be used for run-
ning the bees in from the outside, on
which they could be left. In that case
3'ou would want a plank track and a
4 X 6-6 door. Leave entrances open
and set hives five or six inches apart,
tiered up. Flatten the small end of a
broom handle, fasten on a thermometer
and shove it through the gas-pipe.
Frequent flights are a damage, unless
the bees become diseased, and I would
not move them out then until half of
them began to daub the entrances, and
would move them back in a day or
two.

My mention of feeding with a spoon
was hardly intended to be the very
best way, only to show what can be
done in an extremity, or on a bet.

Where honey is cheap, the best way
to feed is to slip in a frame of sealed
honey in October. I fed some last fall
in division-board-feeders, and think it
could be done all winter; but in case
you get a few in the cellar that are

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

299

short, set them on top of the others.
The sug-ar candy so highly recom-
mended by Editors Hutchinson and
Abbott is certainly good; or you can
feed as I am feeding ten of mine now,
by putting in a case of low grade sec-
tion honey each month on the frames
under the cloth. "And leave the
edges of the cloth up?" Yes. "How
cold is your cellar?" 38 to 40 degrees
"the coldest winter ever known here."
But we hatch our chicks in the cellar
in March and April and the two big
lamps raise the temperature 10 to 15
degrees.

Don't move out bees until the willow
blooms. One more word about feed-
ing. I would rather feed my bees
every week by pouring one-fourth lb.
of honey or syrup on the burlap direct-
ly over the cluster than to go back to
the old way of feeding 30 pounds in the
the fall and have the bees all
starve on a hive full of can-
died stores. If your bees don't il3% 10
pounds is enough for winter, and if
your spring bloom is continuous, you
won't have to feed any in the spring.
You can tell by watching closely for
ejected brood. Leave the burlaps on

two or three weeks after setting out,
then put them away for next winter.

The ventilators are principally for
carrying off the moisture that comes
Jrom the bees, and partly for admitting
pure air, but if they don't carry off all
the moisture and you find an inch or
two of frost on the stone walls, don't
be scared, as it will do no harm there;
in fact, a foot or two of it would do the
bees good by helping to keep them
warm, — just as a snowbank would.
Some say that stone walls are damp.
This is not true. The "sweat" or
frost on stone walls is the condensed
moisture from the room itself, and
there is actually less moisture in such
a room than if the walls were of a
more non-conducting material. In the
deep snowbank, the snow is soon melt-
ed live or six inches around a strong
colony, the water going back into the
snow, and, if it can escape, the moist-
ure from the bees goes there too, and
the bees in this little icebound cavern
keep warm and dry, for the air of
their little 2x2 room is drier than that
of any kitchen in the world.

C. F. Smith.

bourne Movel M©ttlh©(

[11^^

BY FRED W. MUTH.

rnO create, or stimulate, a demand
T^for honey, requiresa thoroughknow-
ledgeof bees and honey, the art of true
salesmanship, and an abundant re-
serve force of lung power. If you do
not believe this, give it a trial, and be-
fore many moons you will have learned
that the above assertion is naught but
correct ,

Still, it is a great consolation to
know and to feel that difficulties were
made to be overcome, and are brought
to the light of day in order to give our
ambition and determination an oppor-
tunity to overshadow them.

For that very reason I am in the
honey-business as a specialty, and will
endeavor to give a few ideas and argu-

300

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ments used, as I travel from grocery
to g-rocery, in selling- the finest honey
on earth, "Math's."

WHAT MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED BY TACT
AND PERSEVERANCE.

Some time ag^o I stepped into a re-
tail g-rocery conducted by a lady.
'Twas in the forenoon, and after a
pleasant "Good Morning-," opened my
sample case. At a glance I could see
that the lady would say me "Nay."
After having spent one hour's good
argument, trying all in my power to
persuade her to favor me with an or-
der, I failed. Now I always aim to
leave the trade in good spirits, and a
pleasant humor, so that I will always
be welcome when in the neighborhood.

As it happened the following week I
called on her again, and to my dismay,
found her in about the same mood. I
felt as though I simply must change
her mind. In a nice way I said to
her, "Mrs. Smith, if I were to say to
you, within tw^o squares from here, in
the street, lies a five-cent-piece; if you
go there at once, you may pick it up;
would you leav3 your store and walk
two squares to pick up that five cent
piece?" She answered "Yes," for it
was only natural that she would.
"Now, Mrs. Smith, suppose you had a
bottle of the finest honey on earth upon
your counter, that cost you 17 cents,
and sells for 25 cents, and some one,
we'll say a lady, prompted by mere
curiosity, picks up this bottle; now if
you would say to her, 'Do your folks
like honey?' (nine out of ten persons
do), and make it plain to her how
much cheaper honey is than creamerj'
butter, which I believe you are selling
at 35 cents today, I venture to say you
will sell that bottle of honey then and
there. You said you would walk two
blocks for five cents, and here you maj'
have eight cents, (profit on the bottle
of honey) without setting foot outside
of your door, besides having pleased a
patron." Well, with all this talking,
I had not succeeded in inducing Mrs.

Smith to think as I did. She said she
had "no calls for honej'," nor could
she sell it in lier neighborhood.

After some little reflection, I asked
permission to prove that honey could be
sold in her immediate neigliborhood.
I placed a bottle of honey on the floor
near the door, which was closed. In
due time, a young lady, of about 18,
opened the door, and as she did so,
noticed she had knocked something
over. Naturall)' she raised the bottle
from the floor. I advanced immedi-
ately and said, "Young lady, may I
ask, do you folks eat honey at your
home?" She replied in the affirm-
ative. "Whose honey do you buy,
and where do you get it?" To my
delight she answered, "We buy
Muth's honey over at Meyer's store,"
(nearby grocer). "Well," I asked,
"why don't you buy it from Mrs.
Smith?" At this point I was rescued,
for she said, "I knew Mrs. Smith does
not sell it.'" To make a long story
short, the young lady promised to buy
honey from Mrs. Smith, if she would
place some in her store.

I gained my point, for I sold Mrs.
Smith six dozen bottles of honey.

'Tis very strange how often a real
good thing or idea is presented to us,
and not infrequently even laid within
easy reach, and yet how very long we
are in accepting it, and when we do,
'tis oftimes with extreme reluctance.

THE ADVERTISING EFFECT OF A STORE-
WINDOW DISPLAY.

One day last fall, I stepped into the
largest and finest retail grocery in
Cincinnati. While waiting to see the
buyer, I looked around the store, and
wondered why there was not more
honey sold in a store of this kind.
Surely there ought to be a large de-
mand for it. In an instant it occurred
to me that it was the proprietor I
wanted to see, not the bu3'er, and con-
sequently repaired to the office on the
second floor, and presented my card.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

301

Now, Mr. Peebles has g'ood judg--
ment, notwithstanding- that he makes
up his mind quick as a flash. He is a
very busy man, but never too busy to
g-ive hearing- to any and every one who
has a proposition to offer, althoug-h to
receive favor, one must be short, sharp
and to the point.

As he offered me a chair, I said,
"Mr. Peebles, you do not sell suffi-
cient honey for the nice trade you en-
joy, and I have an idea which I offer
to you first. It will be entirely new,
and at the same time interesting and
instructive to a marked degree.
'Peebles' show window will be the
talk of the city." Naturally, he want-
ed to know all about it. After I had
finished, he immediately decided that
I proceed.

Well, the following Saturday night,
a professional window-dresser arrang--
ed our display of bees and honey.
There were comb and bottled honey,
old fashioned straw hives, or straw
skeps, such as our forefathers had, and
observation hives with sides of g-lass
containing active working bees, which

afforded passers-by an opportunity to
see exactly how the busy little bee
works tirelessly and industriously in
its home. At 11:30 P. M. all was
complete.

The display was indeed arranged
very artistically. The following day,
Sunday, vast numbers of people
crowded before the window, and pe-
destrians squares distant were attract-
ed, and all came to see the display of
fine honey, and the active working of
the bees. This state of curiosity pre-
vailed through the entire week.

In the store, a demonstration sale of
honey was going on, which attracted
crowds of people at all times.

The display certainly proved to be a
decided success, and the time was ex-
tended to two weeks, although we had
bargained for only one. All who saw
it, including the proprietor, declared
it was the best display ever seen at
that store or anywhere in the city, and
it must have been, for it has done us a
world of good, in effecting a marked
increase in the sale of honey.

Cincinnati, Ohio, Mar. 22, 1904.

'©me Cliatty^ Snappy Criticlsim^
Omi Fast ArticIeSo

BY S. A. NIVER.

Superior, Wis., July 8, 1904.
Friend Hutchinson — Something is lack-
ing to make my life perfect, up here in
this out-of-the-way-corner of Uncle
Sam's domains, and it seems to be ato-
tal absence of bee-keepers. At home in
oldGroton we used to have an impromp-
tu convention every day or two, as the
bee men came to the factory for sup-
plies.

Now, here is a grist of bee papers,
with lots of points, which I want to

comment on, and agree with, "or
agree to disagree," and, like poor
old Robinson Crusoe, "from the cen-
tre all 'round to the sea," yours truly
is the only bee crank in evidence.

A CHANCE FOR MIGRATORY BEE-
KEEPING.

At the same time there is more and
ntfer white clover to the square rod,
than in any other locality that has
thus far come under my eye. Just
clover, plover, all around, and not a

302

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

bee to drink. If some fool bee-keeper
would get through the white clover
season, say, in central Illinois, about
July 10th, and then ship his bees here
for a six-weeks-flow of clear clover,
then ship back for winter, he would
roll up a lot of honey.

SELLING HONEY TOO CHEAP AT RETAIL.

But I seized the quill to rake over
the articles in the bee journals, and
will begin with Gen. Manager France —
14,000 lbs. into 3,000 poor victims.
Pretty good average. Eh? But — well;
that's all right, onlySc in "store pay"
delivered in 2-lb. and 3-lb. pails, and
ten off for cash, when wholesale
quotations are 7c, hardly leaves mar-
gin enough for the trouble — or that's
the way it looks to the undersigned.

THE ADVANTAGE OF LARGE EXTRACT-
ORS.

The next article is good: Town-
send's expeditious extracting, only he
won't break Harry Howe's record in
many a long day, with his little toy
extractor. He must turn the handle
just as many times for two combs, as
for four, and even a four-frame
machine is ancient histor}'^ with "we-
uns. " Miles Morton built an eight-
frame extractor, which is just a delight
to use. Only have to turn one-fourth
as many turns to the handle, stops
with a brake, and starts by a push on
the reel with the left hand, instead of
a big tug at the handle.

GETTING BEES OFF THE COMBS.

Another wrinkle, which I never have
seen mentioned in the Journals, was
our method of getting bees off the
combs. We laid a tin cover (which
was a flat cover with tin roof and inch
cleats) on the ground beside the hive,
bottom upwards, that is, cleats on top,
laid a Porter bee escape (inserted in a
board^the size of the hive) on the cover,
and set the super of bees and honey
on'that"outfit,jputting a set of empty
combs onUhe hive in place of super
just removed. This was done to all

the colonies to be attended to that day,
done the first thing upon arriving at
the yard, and by the time the last col-
ony was fixed that way, the first
one was partly emptied of bees; and
what remained were badlj' demoralized
and ready to be shook, without ob-
iecting, and in a short time each super
would be practically clear of bees.

Of course this took extra escape-
boards, covers, and empty combs, but
good tools, and plenty of them, makes
easy and rapid work. One beauty of
this system is, the bees don't get cross,
as they do with the brush-broom, bift",
bang way.

The next noticeable article is your
"expert advice" department. Say,
W.Z., do you remember "Puck s"
advice to those about to be marrried?
It was "Don't."

ADVANTAGE OF PLAIN SECTIONS.

But, talking along this line, did you
notice August Bartz's advice to comb
honey producers generally, in Amer-
ican Bee Journal, page 454. I met
Bartz while buying honey in 1902. He
gave me that idea of a "layer of bees"
on top of the sections, in place of "air"
as Dr. Miller says, as a good thing to
get sections finished. You may re-
member I put that into the question
box at the Cliicago Northwestern con-
vention, but no one agreed with Bartz,
if I remember correctly. But what do
you think of the "roast" he gives to
tall sections and fence-separators; and
the praise for "squares," 1 15-16 inch
thick. We used to call them "Stuffed
Prophets," iv\-\(\. dread them, for they
were the last ones to go in my stock —
always. Finally, I selected a special
town to inflict with that kind only, and
showed no other samples — it was my
only way to get shut of 'em.

Then to use separators without
"posts!" — great Scott! in this day and
age of the bee-keeping world, after the
hammering Muth gave that heavy sec-
tion fad, at the convention. And Bartz

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

303

read the report, for he quotes me on
g-rading-, as you observe.

Think of a beginner following that
ancient history, and getting deep cells
with a quarter-inch of dirty wood to
scrape; besides, the public eye has
been educated to full looking sections,
and would reject his as short weight.
A thin comb, with larger surface, looks
more attractive, and is finished much
quicker, for a deep cell takes longer
to cure, and get ready to seal.

SECTIONS OF EXACTLY ONE POUND
ARE A DELUSION.

Now then, about this popular belief
that a section holds a pound of honey,
and if you don't produce full pounds
you are cheating poor, blind — on that
point I claim to be pretty well posted,
having interviewed thousands of cus-
tomers in the last three years, in sev-
eral cities, and, in selling extracted
honey, that question is almost sure to
come up, in contrasting the price with
comb honey prices, and I find the per-
sons who have faith in sections weigh-
ing a pound, to be like angels' visits,
few and far between — the exception,
not the rule.

BLACK BEES AHEAD.

Here's a conundrum for you, W. Z.
If you had 18 colonies "Holy Lands,"
which proved to be "N. G.," and two
colonies of big gentle blacks, which
gave up 236 lbs. of comb honey, to
nothing at all for the others, where,
oh! where could you get queens like
unto those dear blacks? (Dr. Miller
says he ''don't knowV) How would
joz^ advise? (page 458, same journal.)

THE ARTIFICIAL COMB HONEY CANARD.

That artificial comb honey story, I
run up against it every day. Of course
I could go into the local paper and hit
it a wipe, but that would help "my
friend, the enem}'," who has no trade
in honey to amount to anything now,
while by refuting it to each customer,
gives me a better standing as an ex-
pert, and helps me more than the pa-
pers. This is selfish perhaps, but in
the long run will do as well for the
bee-keepers, if I do let the grocer look
out for himself— but if I let my quill
run on at this rate you will get dis-
couraged in reading.

Respectfully, S. A. Niver.

^^TfcFiJri* »^fc»fc»^« •^*»U«^» Mjr»^^F^^*^«^*^«' ^Ji^^WU" .Ffcrii^V»»Jni»^^^t»li^^^»^*'^^V»1t»»'»^^»»^»'^'*'»'U»U»k»lt»»»*«iJ

J^^mTj.<»^^^^,n^m#«^^i«*^«*««^«T<.«-"»»^^^«i<«*«^».«T«jr«»»^^^m«^^»»«*mrf^rf«rf«<^rf^*^«'««^j<^*^ir**^Mii*"^««^j«rf«*^«^«^^^/'*

Keep an eye on the main chance.

^'^MK^'^'.^^^'^

I Love to help people; to show them
how to succeed; to encourage them; to
fill them with hope and happiness.

E. D. TowNSEND will have one of
his characteristic articles, on market-
ing, in the next issue of the Review.

Samples of different kinds of honey
from the different States are being
gathered by Mr. France for exhibition
at the coming St. Louis convention. He
has asked me to gather samples [from

Michigan. Any one who can send me
a pound of alsike, aster, willow herb,
or any other kind of honey, except
clover or basswood, will drop me a
postal.

U-lU^lFk^ » ^It^

Don't Forget the National Conven-
tion to be held the 27th, 28th, 29th and
30th of this month, at the Christian
Endeavor Hotel, in St. Louis. If you
have not already done so, send 50c to
N. E. France, Platteville, Wisconsin,
which will insure you special rates at
the hotel. Market St. street cars,
westbound from the Union station, will
take you direct to this hotel, which i^

304

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

within 100 feet of the south entrance of
tlie fair grounds. Try and make ar-
rangements to do your sight-seeing
either before or after the convention.

i^a^^tf^^R^mi^K

Wintering Bees in hives protected
only with felt or tarred paper did not
prove successful last winter with Mr.
J. L. Byer of Markham, Ontario. Out
of 250 colonies, he prepared 26 by sur-
rounding them with the felt paper.
The rest of the colonies were protected
with several inches of either sawdust
or chaff. Out of the whole lot of 250
colonies, 20 died, and half of the num-
ber were in the hives protected by pa-
per only. Of those that lived, only
three were left in fair condition. As
far north as Canada or Michigan,
there must be more abundant protec-
tion than that afforded by surrounding
the hives with heavy paper.

«H»il<^lrt«Xi«

The Christian Endeavor Hotel,
within 100 feet of the entrance of the
great Fair, at St. Louis, is to be the
home of the bee-keepers while holding
their coming convention, in fact, the
convention is to be held at the hotel.
This is a most decidedl}' pleasant iir-
rangement, as the little chats between
sessions, around the tables, and in the
rooms nights and mornings, are really
the most enjoyable part of the gather-
ing. This hotel is a mammoth struc-
ture, covering five acres of ground,
three stories in height, and capable of
accommodating 3,000 guests. There
are wide verandas, a rotunda, offices,
parlors, a United States Post Office,
lunch counter, and a dining room with
a seating capacity of 1,500. If you
have not already done so, send 50 cents
to N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., and
receive a certificate that will entitle
you to board and lodgings at this hotel
for only $2.00 per day — unless you have
this certificate you will have to pay
much higher rates, and may not be
sure of a room.

Our Frontispiece this month shows
portraits of the men who were instru-
mental in securing the passage of
Ohio's foul brood bill. Just a few
words of description.

Mr. Painter is a prominent corpo-
ration attornej' of Cincinnati, who
kindly drafted the bill, and gave all
necessary legal advice. He is an
amateur bee-keeper, and his love for
the pastime induced him to give all
possible assistance.

Mr. Fred W. Muth is a dealer in
bee-keeping supplies and honey. He
is an expert salesman, and a hustler it
ever there was one.

The Hon. Dwight R. Herrick is the
Representative of Hamilton County,
and, by the way, also a cousin of the
present Governor. It was he who
introduced the bill, and convinced his
colleagues that it was an absolute
necessity. He was formerly a bee-
keeper, but foul brood destroyed his
apiary.

Mr. John C. Frohliger is President
of the Hamilton County Bee-Keepers'
Association. He is cashier of a large,
wholesale hardware house, but has 40
colonies of bees, and devotes much
time to queen rearing.

Mr. Wm. J. Gilliland is the worthy
Secretary of the Hamilton County Bee-
Keepers' Association, and a most
practical bee-keeper, one, by the way,
who received his early experience in
that line on the "Emerald Isle." He
is a tireless worker for the welfare of
the Association, and apiculture in
general.

•T^«H*Hrf«^1t»

Finding Queens in the fall, in full
colonies of vicious bees is quite diffi-
cult. One man in New York who has
such bees wishes to Italianize them,
and asks Dr. Miller how to go to work
to find the queens. The Doctor, in the
American Bee Journal, suggests the
use of chloroform; besides this, he
gives a plan that, to me, seems more
practical. He says "Move the hive

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

305

some distance from its stand, setting-
on the stand another hive containing
perhaps a frame of brood, so as to
catch and retain the returning- iield-
bees. In two or three days the fielders
will all have left the hive, and the
young-er ones will be more ready to
listen to reason. When through manip-
ulating- them, return the hive to its
old stand, allowing- the old bees to join
the colony." I would suggest that the
new queen be introduced before the
colony is returned to the old stand, as
it is much easier to introduce a queen
to young- than to old bees.

•mJ'-Wn^fi'M'.

THE PROGRESS OK APICULTURAL WORK

■UNDER THP: auspices OF THE U. S.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

The years of quiet, steady, persis-
tent, earnest work of Mr. Frank Ben-
ton in urging the Department of Agri-
culture to recognize apiculture, are at
last bearing- fruit. Heretofore the
only experimenting that has been done,
has been done with Mr. Benton's own
bees, which has often interferred seri-
ously with his crops of honey. Now
there is to be a central, experiment
apiary just across the Potomac on the
Virginia shore, and sub-stations in
different parts of the country — one at
Chico, California having already been
decided upon. Two special ag-ents in
apiculture, who will assist Mr. Ben-
ton, have been appointed, one being-
our old friend John M. Rankin, who
was once Inspector of Apiaries for
this State, and the other a Mr. Leslie
Martin of Tennessee. There is also
soon to be appointed an apicultural
clerk. Aside from the experiments by
which we may expect to profit, we may
often find it profitable to thus have
friends at court.

«*<'^rf«ar«<H»^

• PLANS AND THEIR EXECUTION,

Many men are excellent at planning.
They can plan from morning till night
and their plans may be all right, but

there is a lack of executive ability for
carrying- out the plans. Other men
have splendid executive abilities— give
them a plan and they will carry it out.
But tiiey seem incapable of inventing,
or planning, or orig-inating- new ideas.
A plan or an idea is often of immense
value if placed in the right hands.
Some large firms employ men who do
nothing else than to think, and plan,
and scheme, furnish ideas for other
men to work out. Most of us do too
little thinking and planning. We are
so busy working that we have no time
for study. If a man would just take
ofie day "off" and spend it in studying
his business, going over all of its
phases carefully, he might find it the
most profitable day's time he ever
spent.

*«jf^<»^»rf«*H

THE USE OF SMOKE IN HANDLING BEES.

In passing from apiary to apiary,
looking for foul brood, I am surprised
to see how differently men use, or mis-
use smoke, when handling bees. Some
men even ask me if I ever "smoke in
the entrances?". As a rule, such men
will jar the hives in taking off the
cover, then pry or pull off the super
with a snap. About this time the bees,
angry bees, begin pouring out at the
entrance, and from the top of the hive,
and then the bee-keeper begins to use
the smoker; but the bees are mad now,
and no amount of smoke will pacify
them. The most important place to
use smoke, is at the entrance, and it
should be used there as the first step
in opening a hive. Subdue the bees
first, then all of the jarring will only
make their subjection the more com-
plete. So many times has some man
cautioned me about attempting to ex-
amine some colonj% saying the bees
were perfect tigers, and that I w'ould
be stung terribly. I always say:
' 'Give me the smoker. ' ' I give them a
good thorough smoking before attempt-
ing to open the hive. I then open the

306

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

hive carefully, using^ a little smoke if
there is any sign of obstreperousness.
As a rule I pass the ordeal without a
sting, while the owner looks on with
amazement. The whole secret lies in
subduing the bees before opening the
hive. Smoke the bees first, and then
3^ou can usuall}^ handle them in peace
and comfort.

*«M««^if».^«<'«

COSTLY INVESTIGATION TO PROVE

TRUTHFULNESS OF POLARISCOPIC

EXAMINATIONS.

Most of us know that the chemist
depends chiefly on the polariscope to
determine the purity of honey, yet the
suspicion was thrown out in a bulletin
issued by the government in 1892 that
honey gathered from the excresence of
the pine tree might show alow, right-
hand reading, while all genuine hon-
ey heretofore gathered in this country
had showed a left-hand reading. In
that same year a larg-e packing- firm in
California shipped several carloads of
bottled honey to the East, and, upon
examination, it gave a rig-ht-hand
reading, but this suspicion that honey
from the p'ne might give the same kind
of a reading, prevented the chemist
from giving a decided answer. To
settle this matter, Wm. A. Selser, of
Philadelphia, took a three-months trip
that cost him $1,500, visiting the large
apiaries of the South and West, going
as far as Vera Cruz, Mexico. The
most important sample was secured
from an apiary situated right in the
midst of the pine forests in the moun-
tains to the extreme east of Redlands,
Cal. This sample, taken from differ-
ent hives, still showed the left-hand
readings.

Mr. Selser then went still farther
and employed detectives to visit the
packing house that had sent out the
suspected honey, and they learned
that glucose and cane sugar were both
used to adulterate the goods.

It is fortunate that we have in our
ranks so able a chemist as Mr. Selser,

and, still further, that he has the pluck'
and perseverance to carry his investi-
gations to the point mentioned in the
foregoing, which I gather from the
June issue of the American Journal of
Pharmacj'.

*^U»«1W^*»*«

WIDE, DEEP TOP-BARS, AND THE NEED
OF HONEY-BOARDS.

Before an inspector of apiaries come
opportunities for observation such as
come to few bee-keepers. He sees all
sorts of hives and fixtures, and meets
all kinds of bee-keepers. One thing
that I have been able to notice this
season is the extent that wide, deep
top-bars prevent the building of burr-
combs. I should think that they pre-
vent at least three-fourths of the combs
that would otherwise be built. When
crowded for room, I find that, even
with the wide, deep top-bars, the bees
will crowd in enough burr combs to
make a bad mess when the super is
removed. I would not think of pro-
ducing comb hone}' with a slatted hon-
ey-board; and, as there are many
cases in which a queen-excluder is
needed, it seems to me that a wood-
zinc hone3'-board is a most important
implement in the production of comb
honey.

^^TM^^^^^ B^-M^

FEEDING BEES SUGAR IN SPRING AND

FALL — IS IT LIKELY TO GET INTO

THE SURPLUS?

Last April, Mr. E. W. Alexander
of Delanson, New York, contributed a
a most excellent article to the Review
on the subject of feeding sugar syrup
to the bees in the spring and fall. The
syrup was fed in very small quantities
in the spring, about a quarter of a
pound per day, to each colony, and
solely for its stimulating effect, that
the bees thereby might be encouraged
to keep up brood rearing and bring all
colonies up to the harvest with combs
filled with brood. He also advised, if
necessarj', the feeding of larger quan-
tities in the fall, for winter stores.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

307

Since the publication of that article
I have received one or two private
criticisms on the subject, intimating-
that Mr. Alexander's crop was prob-
ably increased by the sug-ar that went
into the supers. A writer in the Sep-
tember issue of the American Bee-
Keeper also takes Mr. Alexander and
the Review editor to task for advising-
such feeding- of sugar.

I am surprised that any practical
bee-keeper should make any such crit-
icisms. Mr. Alexander very explicitly
explained that the feeding- was to be
done only for a month or six weeks in
the early spring-, before the beg-inning-
of the main harvest. At this time
there would be no supers on the hives,
and the small amount used, "not more
than two cents worth a day," would
be used up in breeding-.

In the fall, if the bees were fed sug-ar
for winter-stores, the sug-ar would be
stored in the center of the brood nest,
in the cells vacated by the brood last
hatched, where it would be the most
likely to be consumed during- the win-
ter, and surel}^ would be used in the
spring before storing in the supers
would begin. This is exactly the
course advised and practiced by J. E.
Hetherington.

It strikes me that such criticism is
more a straining for an effect than for
anj'thing else. Every bee-keeper who
has had experience in these matters
knows that, under such circumstances
the chances are very slim that even a
small portion of the sugar would go
into the supers; and to intimate that
Mr. Alexander's surplus is materially
increased by the sugar that goes into
the surplus, is decidedly unfair.

NEATNESS IN THE APIARY.

Neatness in the apiary is something
to which I have several times referred,
biit, as I go about inspecting apiaries,
I become so sickened by the slovenli-
ness that I see, that I must say a few
more words. Time and again do I

find men keeping bees who really have
no busitiess to keep them. Their hives
sit askew, with the grass grown up
around them. No foundation is used,
and the combs are sure to be bulged
and built crosswise. If the owner is
asked about his bees, he is sure to
answer, "I don't know. I don't pay
much attention to them. " How I do
hate to find foul brood in such an
apiary. I means that some one else
than the owner must treat it.

But this is not the only class of bee-
keepers who are neglectful of the ap-
pearance of their apiaries. I find
even readers of the Review keeping
bees in a way that makes my fingers
itch to take hold of things and straight-
en them up. I don't expect that ever}'
man who is making his living out of
bee-keeping, is going to keep his api-
ary looking like a city park, although
there is occasionally one that does. I
notice, however, that the men who
keep their apiaries looking the neat-
est are among the most prosperous.
Neatness in the apiary may not be re-
sponsible for the prosperity; I suspect
that the man who is thorough going
enough to keep his apiary neat and
clean is also thorough going in other
respects. One of the most offending
defects in the appearance of many api-
aries, is the disorderly manner in
which the hives are set down, it could
scarcely be said arranged, as there is
really no arrangement about it. It is
not necessary that the hives be set in
long rows, in fact, there are other
quite handy and pleasing- arrange-
ments, but let there be some sort of
regularity about it.

After the hives are neatly arranged,
the next step is to keep down the grass.
So far as appearance is concerned,
nothing equals the work of a lawn-
mower, but it is considerable work in
the fore part of the season, in a large
apiary. The next best thing to a lawn-
mower, are a few sheep. I have seen
an apiary kept in fair condition where

308

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

cows had access to it, but the sheep
are preferable for several reasons. If
I were running- several out-apiaries,
and felt that I could not afford to keep
them mowed, and it was not practical
to pasture them, I would scatter salt
freely around each hive, at least one
or two feet in front. This will kill
the grass and keep it from growing-.
If there is anything- in an apiary that
distresses me it is to see bees strug-
gling- in and out of a hive the front of
which is covered with a great mass of
grass or weeds.

Get your hives into some regular or-
der, set them level, keep down the
grass, and, having gone thus far, I
feel that you will abandon the habit of
scattering about, and leaving lying in
the yard, such things as extra covers,
frames, honey-boards, etc.

Where most of the time, from da3^-
lig-ht till dark, is passed in one place,
it is worth while to make that spot
pleasant and agreeable — yes, even
beautiful.

*f^ru^^^ I "W^

HOW ASSOCIATIONS CAN HELP SELL
THE HONEY OF THEIR MEMBERS.

Last year the General Manager of
the National Association published in
his annual report the names and
addresses of the members, together
with the amount of comb and extract-
ed honey produced by each member.
By looking over this report, dealers
and others who wished to buy honej',
found who had it to sell, and corres-
pondence and sales were the result.
Taking a hint from this, the Michigan
Association of Bee-keepers, at their
last meeting, decided to print a list of
its members, together with their ad-
dresses, and the amount of honey on
hand by each member. The kind of
honey and the manner in which it was
put up was also to be given. The
Secretary, Mr. E. B. Tyrrell, of Davi-
son, Michigan, has gotten out a very
neat little circular of 12 pages, inclu-
ding cover, giving the list of members

and the particulars just mentioned,
and, besides, he has taken pains to
give some hints in regard to the care of
honey, why it candies, how to liquefy
it, how honej' is extracted, etc., not
forgetting to pay his respects to that
manufactured comb honey canard.
The first page opens as follows:

"To the Retailer and Consumer:
This little book is issued to tell you
where you can purchase honey guar-
anteed to be absolutely pure, directly
from the producer. All the names giv-
en in this book are members of the
Michigan Bee-keepers' Association,
and this Association guarantees the
purity of all honey sold by its mem-
bers, and will prosecute any one sel-
ling impure honey through the Asso-
ciation."

The next step will be that of putting
"liners" in the leading daily papers
of the State, offering to send the names
and addresses of the Association upon
application, thus enabling consumers
to purchase pure honey direct from the
producers.

Here is another point: Since it was
announced in the Review that the
Michigan Association was to follow
this plan, nearly one-third has been
added to our membership — men have
sent in their dollars by mail and ask-
to be admitted. We last year had a
long discussion as to what could be
done to keep members after we had
gotten them, and this was the plan
that we decided to try. It seems now
as though it would proye a most excel-
lent plan.

Now then, what the Michigan Asso-
ciation is doing can be done by other
Associations — by the National. In its
forthcoming report, the names of mem-
bers, their addresses, and the amounts
of honey produced by each, will be
given. Now let the General Manager
get up some attractive advertisements,
something that will rival the ads. of
Karo Korn Syrup, and put them in the
leading magazines, offering to furnish

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

309

the names and addresses of those who
produce honey, thus enabling consum-
ers to buy direct. A man in New
York could be sent the New York list
of members. One in Illinois, the Illi-
nois list, etc. Consumers could then
correspond with the members nearest
to them, and thus save freight. This
feature might prove one of the most
profitable that the National could
adopt, and I have in mind the making
of a motion that the General Manager
make a trial of this feature. Before
doing so, I would like to have sugges-
tions fiom anyone who has any ideas
to offer on the subject.

*«^«^^rf»«»u»

THE FIRST CASE OF "EXPERT" ADVICE.

The first man to accept my invita-
tion to send in a description of liis
business, and allow me to advise him,
is Mr. Frank Stoflet, of Auburndale,
Wisconsin. After reading his letter
and sending a reply, I secured his per-
mission to publish both the letter and
reply. His letter is as follows: —

Auburndale, Wis., July 14, 1904.
Dear Editor of Review —

Reading your editorial in the Re-
view about advising bee-keepers, made
me feel that you are just the man I am
looking for. I am intending to make
the bee business my life-work, and I
feel as though you could help me on
many points.

I am lame, and not able to do very
heavy work. My education is not very
good; so I concluded I would follow
the bee business, as it seemed to me to
be quite profitable.

I got my first bees in 1898 when I
was 19 years old. I was out hunting,
and, on going home, I found a small
swarm clustered on a tree. In 1899
they cast a big swarm, and in 1900 I
increased to five colonies. (I might
better state here that I live at home.)
Then my folks bought a farm in Wood
County, and I moved my five colonies
along up to Wood County from Dane
County, a distance of over a hundred
miles, in a freight car with machinery
and stock. Then we moved them five
miles in a wagon over rough roads.
That winter I wintered them in a root
cellar covered over with planer shav-

ings. Thej' came out in the spring
extra strong, and all swarmed, and I
sold $55.10 worth of honey from them,
and increased them to fourteen colo-
nies. This was in 1901.

The following winter I wintered
them in a newl}' dug cellar and lost
all but one colony. I bought four col-
onies, and I increased to fourteen and
got no honey. Then I built a repos-
itory above ground, with double walls,
having two and a half feet of planer
shavings between the walls. The
fourteen colonies came out fair in the
spring, and that year (1902) I in-
creased to forty colonies, and sold
something like $50. worth of honey.

In 1903 I increased to eighty-three
colonies, and sold 1500 pounds of comb
honey to R. A. Burnett & Co., at 12>^
cents per pound

Last winter was so long and cold
that 35 colonies ran out of stores and
starved to death in spite of anything I
could do. 51 colonies came out alive
and in fair condition. I now have 105
colonies, and my best colony has 64
sections of white honey sealed.

Bees here commence their first work
on willows, then come gooseberries,
cherries, thorn apples, raspberries,
white clover and basswood. We also
have an abundance of fall flowers.

I began my first queen rearing this
spring, using wooden cell-cups.

I have the common mixed up strain
of bees. I have been trying to learn
which strain of bees is best. I am
working hard now on this problem.

Last year I made a change in hives
from 10-frame to 8-frame, and to supers
with IVs plain sections and fence sep-
arators.

After I located here, a farmer start-
ed to keep bees. He has about the
same number I have, and his yard is
one mile from mine, and then no more
within five or six miles.

I read the American Bee Journal,
Gleanings and the Review. I doubt
if there is any one who loves to handle
bees better than I do.

I do not write because I feel as
though I was on the wrong road, al-
though it is possible I am. I write
because there's lots to learn about bees,
and 1 am anxious to learn, and I feel
as though you could put many things
in a light that I never dreamed of.

M)^ brother is going to build a cellar
this summer, and, instead of building
one myself, I am thinking of winter-
ing my bees in his cellar, as I haven't
the means to do much building this

310

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

fall. This will help me out, providing-
I can move them without injury to
them. Do you consider it a safe plan
to move bees one mile when the
time comes to put them in the cel-
lar? The cellar is on high ground and
will be stoned and cemented.

Yours truly,
Fkank StoflEt.
Here is my letter to Mr. Stoflet: —

Flint, Mich., July 20, 1904.
Frank Stoflet,

Auburndale, Wis.

Friend S. — Your good letter
of the 14th came duly to hand. You
are on the right track all right. Your
great stumbling block, so far, seems
to be the wintering problem. You
have a good location, and, by exper-
imenting, and trying different strains
of bees, you can finally get the best.
You are going to use the right size of
hive for producing comb honey. Your
choice of super arrangement is good.
The one great thing for you to study
now is that of wintering. If you can
only succeed in wintering your bees
year after year, you will soon have a
large apiary, and be spreading out
and establishing out-apiaries. Learn
to wilder your bees. That is the thing
for you to work for, and, if you suc-
ceed, you will be on the high-road to
prosper itj'. While I would rather put
the bees quietly into a cellar, instead
of moving them, I am inclined to think
that no harm will come from moving
them and putting them right into the
cellar The right kind of food, and
the right temperature are the two great
needs in wintering bees here in the
North. The late Capt. Hetherington,
of N. Y., so I was informed by his
brother, never made a success of win-
tering his bees until he adopted the
plan of feeding each colony about ten
pounds of sugar syrup after the har-
vest and the breeding season were past.
This syrup was stored in the center of
the hive, where the last brood had
hatched, and where the bees would be
more likely to cluster than elsewhere,
and this sugar was their principal

food during tlie months of confinement.
With this sugar-feeding, and cellar-
wintering, the Captain became very
successful in wintering his bees, and
built them up into thousands of colo-
nies. Your location may not be such
as to require svich feeding, but I wish
that you would try it on a few colonies
this fall. Make a good thick sj'rup,
and feed it the latter part of Septem-
ber, or first of October — just about as
the last brood has hatched. Give
about ten pounds of sugar to each col-
on}'. Suppose you feed it to, say, 20
or 25 colonies. I would do this each
year until I became satisfied whether
it was of anj' benefit or not. If there
should come a winter when you lost
heavily of the colonies having natural
stores, and none, or very few, of those
having sugar, 3'ou would then know
that the sugar would help you through
every winter. If year after year pas-
ses with no advantage from the sugar,
then there would be no inducement to
continue its use. With the climate of
Wisconsin, it is quite likely that cel-
lar wintering will prove the better
plan, one year with another. I wish
you would make a little experiment
this fall and winter in regard to moving
the bees to your brother's cellar. Move
a few, say, 20 or 25 colonies, early
enough so that they will surely have a
chance to fly again before putting them
in the cellar. The disturbance of
mo\ ing them a mile will induce them
to mark their new location, and it is
not likely that many of the bees will
return to their old location. Even if a
few should come back, they would join
the colonies on the old location. Say
you feed 25 the sugar as suggested.
Then move ten of the sugar-fed colo-
nies and 15 of the others, early enough
so that they will have a flight, and
move the rest and put them right into
the cellar from the wagons. With this
plan you will then know, or be able to
know, whether the sugar-feeding has
helped any, and you will also know if

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

311

moving- them and putting- them right
into the cellar has any bad effect.

As I have said before, your problem
is the w^intering- problem, and you
must set yourself to the solving of it.
When that is done, other things w^illbe
easy. I would try and have a good
dry cellar of my own as soon as pos-
sible.

As ever yours,

W. Z. Hutchinson.

««jr«^^»'»«T^«'H

HOW TO COMBAT THE FOOLISH STORIES
ABOUT ARTIFICIAL COMB HONEY.

First one thing to fig-ht and then
another. We have been fighting- adul-
teration for a long- time, and probably
will have it for an enemy for all time,
but just now the stories about it are
worse than adulteration itself, and
about as hard to combat. No sooner
do we get the artificial comb honey
story corrected in one paper than it
springs up in another. So far we
have been able to secure retractions.
The Ladies' Home Journal, in its
September issue, corrects the state-
ment that it made in the June number
about artificial combs of paraffin. To
be sure. Dr. Walker uses three times
the space used in correction, in giving
quotations supporting her first state-
ment with the very evident intention of
"saving her face, " but she winds up
with the following:

Notwithstanding- these apparent
authoritative statements, wide inquiry
among practical bee-keepers now con-
vinces me that paraffin is not used for
this purpose and never has been ex-
cepting in an experimental way.
Therefore, the statement made in the
June issue was erroneous. What ap-
pears to be further evidence of this is
the fact that a reward of $1000 for a
sample of paraffin comb was offered
some years ago, and I understand
has never been claimed. I give the
above facts so that my former state-
ments may not do any injustice to the
army of reputable bee-keepers in
America.

While this may not be exactly the
kind of correction that some of us

would have made, it removes the im-
pression that comb honey can be made
artificially, and, appearing, as it
does, in so prominent a journal, will
be a great aid in securing retractions
in other journals. Since the canard
appeared in the Ladies' Home Journal,
another Pennsylvania paper has pub-
lished that same old story. This time
it was the Pittsburg Gazette, but so
many protests were received that the
editor gladly gave place to an article
by Mr. Frank Benton, which
is probably the best correction
of this "story" that has yet appeared.

Of course, we editors at once write
to these papers, but that isn't enough.
One of the great factors in leading the
Ladies' Home Journal to make the
proper correction was the great flood of
letters that poured in from all over the
countr}-.

Here is what seems to me to be the
best plan: Just as soon as a bee-keep-
er sees one of these stories in any pa-
per, let him at once write to the editor,
and, at the same time, let him notify
all of the editors of the bee journals,
that they may publish the matter, and
then let all of the readers of the jour-
nals at once write to the offending, or
mistaken, journal that has published
the misleading and damaging state-
ment. Let no onesay or think, "Well,
all of the others have written, I guess
I won't bother." That is exactly what
all of the others will think, and, as a
result, very few letters are sent. If
every bee-keeper who sees such items
mentioned in the bee journals would
at once write to the editors, something
would surely happen. I look upon
this matter of writing as a duty that
ever}' bee-keepeer owes to himself
and his calling. Unless something is
done to stem this tide of falsehood that
is sweeping over the country, the price
of honey is going to be seriously
affected.

Here is still another case that needs
attention, and, as is often the case, it

312

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

comes from some one in authority,
some one who, so the public thinks,
ought to know whereof he speaks. In
bulletin No. 62, gotten out last Majs
by the Wyoming State Experiment
Station, at Laramie, Wyoming, may
be found the following statements. On
page 11, the following: "Probably
more than half of the strained honey in
the market contains a large percentage
of glucose as an adulterant."

On page 49 it says, "When prices
are high, comb honey is adulterated
by feeding the bees cane sugar. At-
tempts have been made to manufacture
artificial comb of paraffin, but it is
found too soft, and the melting point
too low."

I hope every reader of the Review
will write to the Director of the Ex-

periment Station at Laramie, Wyo-
ming, and protest against the unfair-
ness and unreliability of these state-
ments, pointing out the injury that
they are working to an honest, helpful,
industry, and ask them to make the
proper corrections.

It is true that glucose is used to
adulterate extracted honey, but to say
that more than half of the extracted
honey on the market is adulterated, is
an exaggeration. It is also true that
sugar /ms been fed to bees for them to
store it in sections; I have done it my-
self, experimentally, but the great bee-
keeping public has never seemed able
to make a success of feeding bees,
sugar, glucose, or even honey itself,
for them to store it in sections, and it
isn't being done.

EXTRACTED DEPARTMENT.

A WINTERING REPOSITORY ABOVE
GROUND..

How to Make a Good One Very

Cheaply. The Necessity for Indoor

Wintering in Northern

Climates.

Many were the losses of bees last
winter because of insufficient prepa-
ration— because of lack of stores and
proper protection. The necessity for
indoor wintering, and how to secure it
cheaply, is well told in an article
written early last spring by E. A.
Morgan, of Wisconsin, and published
in the Farmer, of St. Paul, Minnesota.
Mr. Morgan says: —

The past winter has been one of
continuous cold all through, yet if the
bees were in a frost-proof cellar or
bee-house, with food enough, they will
be in as good condition, or better, than
thej' would had it been changeable,
warm or sloppy, like the winter be-
fore.

I think the question of wintering
bees outside in chaff hives or sawdust
packing is settled for good after such
a winter as the one just passed.

Every hive of bees in this vicinity
left outside was dead long ago, no
matter hoiv packed. Chaff hives and
sawdust packing will do where the
climate is such that the weather
often warms up to above the freezing
point, or at least as often as once in 30
days, 'thus giving the bees a chance to
change position and have a flight, but
during the past winter the thermometer
here has not been above freezing for
120 days. All stocks that I have had
a chance to examine starved and froze
to death with plenty of honey on all
sides of them, but had worked their
way to the top of the frames above the
cluster, and were too benumbed to
move sidewise to other combs of honey.

I read in the bee journals of bee
houses for wintering bees above ground
made frost-proof by sawdust packing
on sides and on top, but which cost
$150. So, for the benefit of those who
have no cellar under dwelling, entirely
frost-proof, or those living on bottom
lands where cellars would fill with
water, I will give a description of my
present wintering receptacle.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW-

SIS

I built it in June, here in the woods,
out of log's, 12 X 20 x8 inside, chinked
between the log's, and plastered up
smooth outside and inside with clay
plaster. It has a good shing'led roof,
door in end, windows in gables. It
was used for extracting and storag"e of
honey during the summer.

In putting- on the rafters, which
were hewed poles, they were left ex-
tended three feet outside the building,
roof made of cull boards, and shingled
down to ends of rafters. On October
1st I set 2x4 studding (in mj' case I
used poles) up two feet from the out-
side of the log building, boarded it up,
and filled this two foot space with wet
sawdust, pushing'- it down tight, and
packing full, snug up under the eaves,
and the same at the ends, eight feet
high, making a second door outside
the other one. A floor was put in
above and two feet of sawdust piled
overhead. Two ventilating tubes six
inches square were put in four feet
from each end, but these have been clos-
ed all winter. No floor was laid be-
low. The hard clay was scraped
level, and four inches of sawdust put
down for a carpet. Two hundred col-
onies were put in November 13th. A
thermometer was hung up in the center
of the room, which showed a temper-
ature of 4o degrees after the two doors
were fitted closely and tightly closed.
Examinations have been made weekly.
The thermometer has not been below
41 or above 46 in all winter. The bees
have at all times been unusually quiet,
a low hum can be heard when one is
inside with the doors shut. The dead
bees have been swept up four times
during the winter.

At such times a light was used, but
it did not rouse the bees so they came
out. The weather here has been most
severe, nine times going- 40 degrees be-
low zero, once 43 degrees and once 45
degrees below, but such temperature,
with high winds and drifting snows,
have not caused any change within.
The sawdust was put in wet, so as to
prevent the warmth entering toward
spring, acting- as a stone wall. The
inside will be no warmer in wiirm
weather.

Now for the cost. Here in the woods
the logs for building, rafters, chink-
ing and mudding cost nothing. Work
one day with team hauling the logs
together. One day for plastering-.
Clay mixed with water was put on
freely inside and out and mixed up
beside the building-. Five hundred

feet cull boards for roofing, 650 feet
cull lumber to hold sawdust. Four
thousand shingles.
Upper floor 300 ft., beams 50 ft. ;

total, 1,500 ft., at $4 m $6.00

4 m shingles, at $1 m 4.(X)

2 windows in gables, at 40c 80

Hinges for doors 40c, hasp 20c. . . .60
10 double-box loads sawdust,

hauling 5.00

Nails 60

Total cost, outside of my work $17.00

Ten days' work, while watching
bees, also, completed the whole.

Here I have a bee-house g-ood for 2o
years at a cost of Sl7 cash and 10
days' labor of myself, which answers
every purpose as a cellar, as I have
my potatoes, fruit and veg-etables in it,
and also shall use it during summer
for workshop and extracting room. It
is handy to get into, no steps to go
down, wide door, so a wheelbarrow
can be run right in with a load of
honey; and lastly, it is dry with no
mould or dampness. Should a colony
starve, their combs will be dry, sweet
and clean. Of course here in the pine
woods lumber is cheap, and in a prai-
rie country' one could not get log-s, but
I see no reason why the same could
not be built of lumber in the same way,
using sawdust between two walls.

Bees at present are still very quiet,
with no marks specking outside ot
hives. One colon}', apparently starved,
was found with most bees off the
combs and combs empty. Some few
still had life enough to stir their leg-s
a little. I gave them a 5-lb. cake of
warm sugar candy at once, made by
melting granulated sugar in water and
boiling till it would harden, laying- it
on the frames. All revived within 12
hours, and now cover the candy in a
mass. I have often revived a starving
colon)' by feeding, after the bees had
lain on hive bottom two days, after
which they did as well as any.

It is nearly time to set bees out, but
wait till the snow is all off and warm
weather seems to have come to stay.

I WILL BUY

a few tons of honey and pay cash at
your depot. Correspondence solicited.
Give full particulars as to qualit)',
sections, when it will be ready to ship,
price wanted, etc. If satisfactory
call on you. A. W. SMITH,
8-04-3t Birmingham, Mich

314

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

^WWWVW Try The Case Strain WWWWtfi^

^5 Of Italians. They make the whitest comb honey; have proved ^r

3J best for extracted, especially in Cuba; and are but little inclined ^^

^5 to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms

ZJm boug-ht 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is second

3J to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning- better queens,

^ earlier and more of them, for 1904. Fine untested, $1.00. Select,

^ $1.25. Tested, $1.25, up. Circular sent free for the asking.

J. B. Case, Port Orange, Fla. MftWf

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review— simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

W. M. Cockersham, of Ronda, N. C.
manufactures

J©ee Supplies

AND

REARS

Queens

foP

Sale

at the following-

prices

July

and

Apr.

May

June

after

One Untested, $1.00
Three " 2.90
One Warranted, 1.25

One Tested 1.50

.Select Tested, . . . ^.00
Breeding, 8.00

$ .90
2.75

l.IO
1-25

2.75
8.00

$ .80
2.50
1. 00
1. 10
2.50
8.00

$ -75
2.25
1. 00
1. 00
2.25

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending- your order now you will save ^
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1904
Catalogue and Illustrated Price List — free for the asking.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

315

Now Here's 2 or 3

Testimonials from Bee

Folks.

High Hill, Mo.
I have been buying YZ of
you for 7 or S years. They
are a.s effective as ever.

Emil F. Nehel.

Platteville, Wis.
YZ have been of great
value to myself and fam-
ily. The}' are a splen-
did remedy for head-
ache, chills and fever
and all aches and pains
of the body.

Mrs. N. E. Fkanck.

Reeds, Minn.
We have no use for a Dr.
when we have YZ Just one
tablet helps nie. It was a
lucky day for me when I saw
your ad. in the Bee Journal.
Mrs. E. B. Hawkins.

YELLOWZONES

didn't just happen! They are the result of 19 years
careful trial and observation in my own private
jiractice. Even now I am, myself, often astonish-
ed at the marvelous power these little tablets exert
in most serious conditions. It has been said before

And I repeat it BOLDLY that if

you keep hut one remedy in the

house it should he

YELLOWZONES

My patrons say the same and so will you. Your
own safety and that of 3'our family demand that
you keep at hand this honest, safe and eftective
remedy for
Painful and Feverish Conditions of all sorts.

I g-ive you full value for your money, and I guar-
antee that if you are disapointed in them you get

Your Money Back, and Anotlier Box.

The price is $1.00 per box, and you'll get good
value. Trial box, 25c. Write for it now !

W. B. HOUSE, M. D., DeTour, Micli.

THE DEMAND FOR

Moore's Strain of Italians

lieconies greater each year. The fol-
lowing report shows the reason why:

Excel in Storing Capacity.

B. S. Taylor, a large honey-producer of Perris
Calif., who sent me an order for 75 queens at
one time, says: "I have a large apiary mostly
of your slock, and 1 have never in my ,^0 years'
experience, seen so quiet and gentle bees to
handle, and in storing capacity they excel any-
thing I have ever had "

Untested queens, 75c each; six, I4.00; dozen,
$7.50. Select untested, $i.oo each; six, $5.00;
dozen, fg 00.

Safe arrival and Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Descriptive Circular Free.

I am now filling orders by return mail, and
shall probably be able to do so till the close of
the season.

J. P. mooHE,

ffiorgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

For Sale!
100 winter cases

Having moved one of my yards to a deep snow
location, where bees do not winter well in chafT,
I offer for sale, 100 winter cases, built for 10-
frame hives. Of course they can be used for an 8-
frame hive and give room for more packing.
They are built of ;S inch white pine, boarded
up and down, the front, rear and sides are built
separate, so they can be shiped K. D. and a
small nail, in each corner, holds ihem in place
when in use, with a sheet steel roof, which has
always been kept painted. Order in even num-
bers, as the stands go with them, and are built
in pairs, and form the bottom of the case. They
have only been used five seasons, and are nearly
as good as new. 75 cents each takes them.

Honey For Sale.

Our new crop of extracted honey, consisting of
White Clover, Raspberry, Clover and Ba.sswood,
mixed, is now readj' for the market. It is in
60 lb. cans, two in a case. Al.so to, 000 lbs. of
amber in barrels and cans. Say how much you
can use, and the kind, and I will mail you a free
sample,' and quote you our lowest price.

E. D. TOWNSEND,
Remus, Mich.

316

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

.#l»;5

dsiti

Retail — Wholesale

/.I.

Has an established reputation because made by a
process that produces the CLEANEST and the
PUREST, and in all respects the BEST and the
most desirable. Send for Samples.

Working wax into Foundation
Por Cash

Is a specialtj^ Bekswax Always Wanted at the
HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

A Full Line of Supplies at Both
Retail and Wholesale.

Send at once for Catalog and discounts on large
orders.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents
for Canada.

Please mention the Review.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

317

For ROOT'S GOODS in

MICHIGAN

Send for Catalog

M. R HUNT & SON

Bell Branch, Mich, -^

Our $10,000

Bee - Keepers' S u p p 1 y
Manufacluring plant is
ready for business. Send
for pi ice list.

MONDKNG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

4-04-6t 147-149 Cedar Lake Road

If yiiu are ^uhik !•

BtlY A BUZZ -SAW,

write to the editor of tfie Ukview. fi.' Iiaw a
Qew Barnes saw to sell and would be glid to
make you happy by telling yon the price at
which he would sell it.

PATEZNT, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 2-4-
YEIARS the: BEIST. CATALOG FREZEI.

BINGHAM, FARWEZLL, MICH. )

'y

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER.
GOLDEN ITALIANS. CARNIOLANS.

By Return Mail.

Safe Arrival Guaranteed.
F» -RICES.

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested

Select Breeders, each

Two-frame Nucleus and nice Queen

$4.. 00 ^7.50
5.00 9.00
8.00 15.00

10.00 18.00
■ $3.00
3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI. OHIO

Shipping Cases

No-drip, 241b, $13.00; 121b, $8.00;
201b, Danz. size or for 4x5 sections,
$10.00. The $1.00, 1>4 story, 8-frame
Hives still g-oes like hot cakes. Sec-
tions, Foundation and all kinds of
Bee Supplies on hand. Send for

W. D. SOPER,
R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

ry

Red Clover

Italian Queens
for I 904T Our
slraiti of bees is
gathering hon-
ey in every State. They work on red clover as
well as on white clover- Untested, 70c each, two
for I 25, or J7. 00 a dozen; tested, $1.00, or Jio.oo
a dozen; breeders. $3.50 to $7.00 A four- frame
hive, painted, stocked with bees, brood and a
queen, J3 50. We shall keep on hand from 400
to 600 queens, and will be able to send queens by
return mail, guaranteeing safe arrival. Send for
circular. G. ROUTZAHN,

4-04-61 Biglerville, Penn.

Please mention the Rf.uiew.

/

318

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, i8 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
-*^ P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Either Golden or Honey-Queens after July i.

Onr GOLDENS will come up wdth any
other Golden strain. Oiir HONEY-
QUEENS are what some breeders call
"Red Clover Queens. "

X 6 12

Untested ? -75 $400 I 7-oo

Tested 1.25 700 1300

Breeders 500

2 frame Nuclei (no queen) 2.00 11.50 22,00

From the Cotton Belt Apiaries are as good
as the best and as cheap as the cheapest, and
you can get them by return mail at the following
prices : Untested, 50 cts. ; tested, 75 cts. ; breeders
$3.00. We make one- two- and three-frame nu-
clei a specialty. Write for circular and price
ist, which gives full information. 4-04-91

Box 83,

Roxton, L,amar Co., Texas.

100 Swarms for Sale

In a fine basswood and clover location; bees in
fine chaff hives with five inches of packing; and
there are fixtures for producing both comb and
extracted honey. Address 6-04-tf

E D OCHSNER, Prairie du Sac, Wis.

4

Bees For Sale!

Randolph Craden, an old resident of Taylor
Center, Wayne Coun^ty, Mich., who has been a
bee-keeper for over 20 years, will sell, at pviblic
auction, on September 14, 1904, his entire apiary
of 54 colonies of bees, and outfit, and will move
with his family to California in search of a home
in a warmer climate.

DflllZEIlBflKEH

20th Ccntopy

SMOKER

A SMOKER SURE FOR $1.00.
Guaranteed to Suit, or Dollar Back.

The last in the field, combines the best fea
tures of others, with special ones all its own.

It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that
strengthens the fire-cup and holds a removable
lining and packing in place, that keeps the fire-
cup cool, thus adding to its durability. This
lining can be replaced at small cost.

The draft-hole is midway of the fire-cup, di-
rectly opposite of the only opening in the bel
lows, from which the air is forced and deflected
upward or downward, or both ways, as desired,
to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke,
which is determined by the filling and lighting
of the fuel.

It is superior in make-up and material.

It has no parts that can clog with soot.

It will continue to smoke from three to ten
hours, in light work, until all the fuel is burned.

It wins friends who williujqly recommend it
to others.

Full directions for use, and preparing special
fuel for subduing bees and destroying the eggs
and larvie of the wa.x-moth, with each smoker.

PRICES:

$1.00 each; three for $2.70 when sent
with other goods. By mail, each 25
cents extra.

ADDRESS

F. DANZENBAKER

Care The A. I. Root Co. Sec. i. Horticulture Bid.

St. Louis,

Missouri.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

319

■ m

(Dapshfield (Dfg. Co. I j WcisS

Were we behind on
orders this season?
Yes, but we can fill
orders again same
day when received.
Remember our busi-
ness is making- honej'
sections and shipping-
cases, besides, being-
dealers in beekeepers'
supplies. Send in
your orders.

IVIaPshfield JVIfg. Co.

]VIaPshfield, Wis. iX

Foundation

Is guaranteed to stand at the
head for quality and work-
manship, as it is made by the
latest process of sheeting and
purifying wax, and will defy
competitors to its quality and
purity. Send for a sample
and catalog and be your own
judge. Working wax a spec-
ialty. P^riend Bee-Keeper, now
is the time for j'ou to send in
your wax and have it worked
into foundation. Highest pri-
ces paid for beeswax. Cash,
32c; trade, 33c. Impure wax
not accepted. A full line of

Bee Supplies

AUGUST WEISS,

3-04-tf

GREENVILLE, WIS

Root's Goods 2vt
Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

I^arge and complete stock on hand
at all times. L,ow freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pouter 1/

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOI.IS, IND.

: What They Say!

Kill.sboro, -Wis.
W. H. Putnam,

River Falls, "Wis.
Dear Sir: — I delayed answering your
letter until I had read the June num-
ber of the Rural Bee-Keeper, and
must say as a Bee-Keeper of 22 years'
experience I am more than pleased
with it, regardless of the assertions
of some that the publishing in this
line was already overdone, and if the
improvements continue it will cer-
tainly be second to none within its
first year of publicatioti. I consider
the June number alone worth several
years' subscriptions, to any practical
live bee-keeper and will say let the
good work go on and on. You have
a good field, and the fact of our hav-
ing a Bee Journal published in our
own state, should be a lasting stimu-
lant to all bee-keepers of Wisconsin
and the Northwest, and 50c certainly
cannot be invested to better advan-
tage. You may send me some more
blanks. Yours truly,

EI.IAS FOX.
Send loc for three back numbers
or 50c for one year.

!!i^jjiijngjl|n|!eni

■uiiiuiiaiiiiiijiwiiiiMina

■ lllllllllBIIIIIUilBDIIIIinillllllllBIJIIIWI

320

THE bee-kep:pers' review

AVeipy Irrjproveroerjt? Tbis Yeair.

We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies.
The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber
than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied
with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi-
nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators.
The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate-
rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly
polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles,
and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure
enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be
worked by the foot.

Tb^ Hedclon Hive.

Another valuable adjunct to our manu
facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not
hesitate to say that it is the best all round
hive ever put upon the market; and we
are pleased to state that we have made
arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the end
that we can supply these hives; and the
right to use them goes with the hives.

Honey Extractors.

Our Honey Extractors are highly orna-
mental, better manufactured; and, while
the castings are lighter, they are more
durable than heretofore, as they are made
of superior material.

Tb^ Prosir^jjiv^ B^e^-K^^per.

Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved,
beinj; brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land,
and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price;
only 50 cts. per year.

Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres-
sive Bee-Keeper. Address

LEAHY A\fg. GO.,

Hisigiosviiic, y^o.
E2k$t St. Louis, Ills.

i»

October, 1904

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBI.ISHED MONTHI,Y
W. 2. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 201

Terms — $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed-
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Plint, Michigan, Oct. 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 percent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 5
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review v^ith —

Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) i .40

Rural Bee-Keeper ( 100) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( i.oo^ 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 1.20

Rural New Yorker ( i.oo) i 85

The Century ( 4.00) 4.50

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ( 100) 175

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 4. 00) 4.10

Harper's Weekly ( 4.00) 4.20

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i .00) i .90

Success ( I.oo) 1.75

Discount on all orders sent in
during October. By sending
your order now you will save
money and secure prompt
shipment. Our Hives, Sec-
tions, etc., are of perfect work-
manship. Send for catalogue
— free for the ordering.
Page & Lyon M'f'g Co.,

New London, Wis.

io-04-tf

I Names of Bee-Keepers I

a type: na/rit-tein m

m m

The namesof my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at |2.oo per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated.
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46

Ark 82

Ala.. . 80
Calif... 378
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162

Dak..
Del . . .
Fla...
Ga....
Ind...
Ills...

25
IS
100
. 90
744
1375
Iowa . . 800

Ky

Kans..

I.a

Mo

Minn..
Mich...
Mass . . .

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y...

Neb

N. J....
N. H. ..

182

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

• 345

130

158

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon.. 109
Ohio... 1 30c
Penn . . .
R. I....

S. C

Tenn...

Tex

Utah...,

Vt

Va ,

W. Va....i72

Wash 128

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

912
46
40

.76

270

68

. 200

182

^"iiA

i

I VII

1

This Is the man who pub-
lishes the only independent
Bee Journal in the West.

P. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor and Publisher

WESTERN BEE JOURNAL

1 03 W. Seventh St.

Hanford, Cal.

If the

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publishei and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima
tion of the advertiser: and it en-
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

Bee -Keepers i Ho pish-Bone

\&

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else 3'on need of the

W. T. Fzvlconcr t\i%. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

g^°Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a z'ery thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
J. VAfl DHOSHfi,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

322

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

Get Shipping: Cases

You can do it now. Maj'be when j'ovi'U need them 3-ou
won't 1 e able to do it.

Gne=pi€ce covers without extra diarge.

If 3'ou prefer them you can have the one-piece covers with-
out any :-dditional cost. If you want them you'll luive to
mention the fact. thoiit,^h.

The tiie which ^'utttd other parts of our power building-
didn t afi'ect our ability to j^et out orders. It will pa3' 3 ou to
wiile us c.bout goods that are discolored b3' smoke ar.d water.

Minnesota Bee=Kccpcrs' Supply Mfg. Co.
Minneapolis, Minn.

SdSS

Are 3-ou looking for

QUEENS?

If so I can furni&h 3-ou queens of the
following- races b3' return mail:

Three- ard five-banded Italians, Cy-
prians, Holy Lands, Carniolans ar.d
Albincs.

Untested, of either race, Izc each;
Select, Untested, $l.fO each; six for
S4.00; twelve fur SS.CO; tested, of either
rare, S2.(0 each; six for $10. 00; one
dozen, $18.00; Breeders, $4 £0 each.
Safe arrival guaranteed.

B. II. STANLKY.

7-C4-tf Bcevillc, Texas.

Texas Qtseens

From the Cotton Tielt Ai>inrirs aicasgcod
as ihe lest anil a* cheap as tlie clienpest, ar.d
you can gtt iheiii I y reuirti mail at iht followirg
piices : liUestcd, 5ocl«.: ttsted. :5Cls.; bietc^ers
J3.00. We make one- two and thicc-fian-e nu-
clei a specialty. M'rite for circaUir and jjiice
isl, \\ hell givts full infovmaliop , 4 04 gt

C Ao REBBILE

Bos 553,

Koxlou. I,aniar Co.. Texas.

FOR S.^LE— 8 frame Bee H:ves and fixtuies,
I^argslrolh size. K.J liOOPEK,
io-c4-.t Last Downinglowu, reni;.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, l.nws'
Lonw-Tongued I.eatlier Colored Queens, and
Laws' ilolv Laud Queens.

I.a^Ts' queens are doin.s; hu.'iine'-'s in cve'v State
in Ihe Union aiiil in niai-y fon ign counli iis.

The demand lor Laws' ((uccns has doubled any
lirevioii.s m axon's sales.

Lavs' queens and tiecs -ire putting up a large
.'^hare of the iion y now sold

I.aws" sU.ck i.s heins suld for breeders all over
the w'M'ld. Whj-? Because it is the btsl to
he had.

liemenihei ! 'rhal I havea largersfock Ihanrvcr;
thai 1 can send you a queen an^- monlli in
the yiar and gnarnntte s.'ife dtl!ver\; that [
have many fine toteiliis on hand. ]'i ice,
$,S 01' each.' Test«<l. each. Ji.z.s; five for j6 co.
I'liocs reduced alter Marvh 15. Send for
circular.

Vv'. II. L.AV»S, nccviUc, Texas.

VI RGiNIA QUEENS.

Italian Oncer.s fecurrd ' y ypars of .se'ciion
fiom a eru.s-, 1^1 ween Ked e.'ii)\er s;rains aii<1 ihe
Snperioi S oek furnished ty W. Z. llutehin^cu.
No 1 eUei lie< s are to he hid any where.

t.Tn!e.'-l< d quet i:s, l.rgc. v!!>eioi.s ancl pioh'fic,
only 75 els Ai er June 15th," i.nly fj ct.s. 'Itsl-
td queens, ji .00: ailei June 15111 ." 75 c!S.
W rue lor di.>-count.-, on Urge uiders.

CII.AS. KOEITKX,
rredctiLksLuig, Virginia.

£-04-tf.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

323

Dadant's

Foun

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Wby Does it S?li so W?il? — Because it has always
given better satisfaction than any other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

We Gu2vra!?t2e S?^tisfzvction — What more can any-
bocl3'(lo? Beauty, purity, firmness, no sag-ging, no
loss. Pati:xt Wked Proci:£S of Sheeting.

Bez^v/ax Wai/te^ at all Tlvn^^ — Send name for our
Catalog, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

The

9

"/>

L.?vng:>'.rDfb or? {J73 Honey -Bee, Revised,
classic in bee-literature. ^1.20 by mail.

DADANT Sr SON,

Han)iltorj, IHipois.

U C 6- A C. VCCD.-AArf, Crr.r;< r^api<Is
i^/X X XX \ \ X \ \ x' \ X X X \ \ X X

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Riff nmCOl INTS ^'^ ^^^ Supplies, Berry Boxes
UlU iilOWUUniOand Crates now while we can
serve 3-011 promptly. Address

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

LARCH, HEALTHY, PROLIFIC,

reautiful Italian Queens sentprompt-
ly 1'3' leturn mail at only 50 cts each.
Siife arrival and Satisfaction guaran-
leeil.

7-04-tf

J. W. K. SHAW, & CO.
Loreauville, La.

f^OOT'S BEEMSUPPLtlES

I^OOT'S PJ^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL, Kendall, Mich

324

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

i

J^

WATCRTOWN,

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

Send for Catalog

The G. B. LEWIS CO.

Watertown, Wis.

U. S. A.

Rr)ake Youp Own Hives.

3ee ^ Keepers

Will save mone}' by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogfue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO..

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

T

\)e (5)ee-

eps

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z. HDTCHINSON. Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, OCT. 15, 1904. NO. 10.

i^ys a^]

BY W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

mHKRE is a truthful old sajMng-
T^ about the bow that is never un-
strung, losisg its strength, and the
man whenever plays, who never takes
a holiday, who rides no hobby, who
does the same thing, and keeps his
mind in the same channel, day after
day, year after year, finally becomes
like the bow that is never unstrung — he
loses his elasticity and power of exe-
cution.

No matter how much a man may
love his vocation, if he follows it con-
tinually, without a break, he loses his
zest for it to certain extent — it becomes
"work" to him. as we understand the
word. To illustrate, I have a good
friend who is a professional photogra-
pher (it was he who helped me to make
a start in that delightful recreation,)
and when I one dav' waxed enthusi-
astic over its beauties, how it appealed
to one's sense of the artistic, he said:
"I passed all that, long ago. The
only things that I can now see
in itj are the dollars and cents." As

much as I enjoy photogpaphy, it is
quite likely that were I penned up in
a studio, and in the dark room, week
after week, I would find mj'self long-
ing for the green fields and the hum of
the bees.

No matter how well a man may be
adapted to some particular line of
business, if he never investigates,
tries, nor sees how something else is
done, he may sometime become so car-
ried away with a superficial view of it,
as to foolishly abandon his old occu-
tion for a new one to which he is, per-
haps, illy adapted. Had he occasion-
ally "played" with some other line of
work, he would have learned some-
thing of it, been enabled to compare it
witK his other line of work, and the
brief respites from an endless routine
would have sent him back to his regu-
lar work with renewed vigor, interest
and pleasure

Most of my readers know that pho-
tography is my hobby. Let me give
just one illustration of how I ride it_

326

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Nearl}' all of the picUires I take
(not all photographs are pictures), are
conceived or formed in my mind long-
ere I lay hand to the camera. For in-
stance, I had long had in mind the
making of a marsh scene. I wanted a
few rushes and a winding stream in
the foreg-round, a few trees at one
side, and some woods in the back-
ground, and, above all, a sunlit skj-
decked with clouds. I had in mind
the bringing- of the focus close to the
camera, giving the middle distance
and backg^round a diffusion of focus,
or softness, which creates an atmos-
pheric effect — makes the background
look as though a long- v\-ay off.
Viewed at a distance the picture
would somewhat resemble a painting-.
I even had a title chosen for it "oun-
shine on the Marsh Land." As I
travelled about the country, I kept an
eye out for my marsh picture. At la ?t I
savif it from the car window, a:id I
recognized it instantly. I kept the lo-
cality in mind, and when ths ideal
day came, I packed the camera anJ
was off.

I reached the locality a little before
noon, left the camera at the statio.i,
and started out to find the best poii.t
of view from which to take the scene.
Wading through tall grass, with a hot

July sun overhead, stumbling along
from bog to bog, thrusting first one
foot and then the other down iutj so iie
hidden muskrat hole, and ]-ulling it
out all dripping- wit'i blac'c mul —
probablj' all this djjs not seen \&:y
pleasa.it to the mijority of people, but
I was enjoying an enthusiasm that re-
garde 1 such mishaps as the merest
trille3.

At last the sp.t wa^ fjunJ, an J I
hurried b.u'.c ijr t!i; ciuira. It was
now p.ist no^n, but I co-Lildn't wait for
dinner, as ihe s-.inshir.e was nj-.v f Jl-
ing in c,ca:tly the be^t din.ctio;i.
Afier t'.i' camera uas all sjt up, it
see.ne.1 as thjugh the opposite bank of
t'.i: c.-eelc \vju"d furnish a better vie. v.
I iJ.ille 1 off my shoes an 1 stoe'.cings,
rolle-1 up my t-o:iiers, w.ide.l a:ros3,
a 1.1 £0-i:id it :c.is a bitter view.

Towards nig-'it I re.LChed ho n? tire 1,
h.i.ig.-y aid sad!^' b.draggkd; but
where, oh wiie.'e, we.'e the worries
aid pe.-ple::ities of business? Swept
aw.iy, ai a roiTczing b.^e.-zi sve-pi
the duit f.-o;n t!ie street. Then, the
n "xt in )rnlng, the.-e vra^ an jther p'.e'^s-
ure iii sto.-e; that of sitt'n,'- do.va to
work with a brain that, for one d 13',
at least, had been completely relaxed.

Flint, Mich., Sept. 14, 19G4.

^^^^^^'f^.^ ^ T^-C^^x^^

!©inie5^ mSL WIhi©il©g^Ie<

BY E. D. TCVrKSEKD.

f©ir

©^HALL we sell our own honey, or
^ send it to the overcrowded city
commission merchant, is the question
that confronts all honey producers as
soon as they beg^in to produce more
than enough hone3' for their own and
neighbors' use. The editor says that

when our honej' is produced and ready
for the market, our battle is only half
half won. I suppose every one will
interpret this according to their ideas
of selling honey, but there is no ques-
tion in m^' mind, thiit he intended to
convey the idea that we were all to

THE EEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

327

sell our c\vn here}' :is r.crirl}- direct to
t!".e manufacturer or consumer, as it is
possible to CO, i:ccoi dinj,"- to each cr.c's
ab'.lit}'^ as a salesman.

THK!;i; IJETHOES Ol'" Sr.LLIXG nOXF.Y.

Tliere are three wa.vs t'.iat tl:e gre it
bulk of horey reaeh-.s tlie market,
from the producer's stiindpoin*-. First,
throu;;-li the commission l-.ouses; sec-
ond, the bee-keepsr that lives rear a
larg-e citv, or ethorwise has a good
home-market, and has the time ard
aLility to bott'e, and j ut up in sma'.l
packages, cither to retail or to wlijle-
sale to t':!e grozery store; third, th.e
most practical method of al!, for the
average bee-keeper, no matter 'ivJicre
he lives, is to sell his own hone_v,
dire.t to the baker, druggist or city
city bottler, thus saving freight, cart-
age and commission; in other words,
selling- to the commission man's cus-
tomers. There is another middle man
I wish to mention, and that is the man
that buys hoKey to re-sell in original
packages. He works something like
t!iis:lio pays, say, I'/i cen's for clover,
e.T^iracted honey, delivered at his place
of business; then he sells this same
honey, to the same inan we ought to
have looked up, at, sa\', 8 cants, at his
place.

Now the object of this article is to
exflain how the produ.^cr can get the
Scents onboard the car, or, in other
words, save the producer this Yz cent
and perhaps as mucli more in freight.
The b:e-ke?per ought to iiave a letter
fde, in whicli to preserve all letters re-
ceived in regard to any honey deals.
The first thing to do, however, is to
procure a mailing list of desirable
honey dealers. Farther on it will be
explained how to procure this list.

THE "easy" or commission METHOD
OF SELLING HONEY.

Let us first consider the commission
method of disposing of our honej'.
This might be termed the ccsy methcd;
all we have to do is to can, or crate,

if co:rib honey, nail on the tags (the
commission m.an furnishes them) de-
liver to the dep..t. and f ///■ part of the
work is done; then, soiiicliiiir, we will
receive a check. Eas}', isn't it? Let
us figure a litt'c. It is estimated, and
I ha\e n.^ver se.Mi it contradicted, that
if comb honey sold through \.hz cjm-
missloi man brings 14 cents a pound,
the fre'gh% c.irtage and c jmmissioa
will bring the net price down to about
10 cents a pound for the bae-keeper.
Now we have some customers who will
give us a cent a pound more than the
regular quotatior.s for our honey on
board the c.rs heir. We do not suppose
our No. 1 comb honej' is very much
better than the commission hous3, No.
1, but these people say they knov/
wliat ours is, and are willing to pay
the difference. Now it is not a very
difficult matter, with these figures be-
fore us, to figure a nice profit by sell-
ing it ourselve.^. The dif¥^rence be-
tween lOc and 15c, or 50 per cjnt. on
the deal, is worth looking after.
There is, however, a class of bee-keep-
ers who will always patronize the
commission man. They do not care to
go to the trouble of looking up custom-
ers. They would rather take less and
have some one else do the work; so the
commission man is here to stay, and
fills a nicli:; we can ill afford to dis-
pense with. The above might be
termed tlie low pr ce ri?.?>' method.

THE METHDD WHSIil^B'/ BSE-KECPSRS
GET THE BEST PRICE.

The second method of disposing of
one's honey, direct to the consumer, is
only available with the few that are
located near the large cities, or other-
wise favora'ily located, whe-e honey
brings a good price. They must have a
little tact, and ability as sales.msn,
then put up t.ieir honej' in small p ick-
age.5 for home, or grocery trade.

These bee-keepers realize the top of
the market far their honey. They may
be called the favored few, who get the
best price for their honey.

328

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

CUTTING OUT ONE MIDDLEMAN AND IM-
PROVING THE GENERAL MARKET.

The great majority come on the last
list. They are perhaps a long- vva^'s
from market. After they have taken
pains to produce a crop of fine honey
and if it is the best grade of extracted
honey for table use, it is put in 60
pound cans; if dark in color, or "off"
in flavor, so it must g-o to the baker,
perhaps barrels are best. If it is
comb honey, case it up early, and be
honest in grading. If there is any
question in your mind about a section
grading No. 1, put it in No. 2.
Make each grade a little better than
your competitor's. Don't think for a
minute, that 3'ou will not get paid for
it. You see, we are going to try and
tell you how you can get a good price
for your honey, and, at the same time,
build up a reputation that will never
leave you. "Once a customer alwa^'s
a customer," should be your motto, in
all 3'our honey deals. Produce a good
article, put it up in good shape for the
market, then last, but not least, ask a
good price for it. Of course if you get
your price too high, it may sell slow;
perhaps so slow that you will have to
lower the price before it will move,
but before you lower the price do a
little hustling. We will suppose you
have been letting some one else sell
your honey for you in the past, but
have decided to change for the better
price method. You are not acquainted
with the honey trade, and you will
need the addresses of the manufactur-
ing druggists, the honey bottlers, and
then there is the baker. Your local
druggist can likely furnish you the
addresses of the druggists, and your
groceryman those of the bakers, and
the bee journals reach probably all of
the bottlers, and most of the bakers
and druggists, so a little notice there
will likely bring you orders.

don't CHARGE FOR SAMPLES.

You will need some sample mailing
blocks, as most of them buy extracted

honey b3^ sample. Now a sample
block and postage will cost you about
lOc, each sample you send out, and
there will be a temptation to charge
for this sample. Don't do it. You
want to place a sample in every deal-
er's hands, who is interested enough
to ask for it. The few that order
samples out of curiosity will not
amount to over 5 per cent., so this ele-
ment is not worth considering.

Instead of charging for our samples,
we figure to get our pay out of the ad-
vance price we receive for our hone}'.
We have been making a little mental
calculation, and have come to the con-
clusion that we received about $15
each, for the samples sent out last
year, above what would have been re-
ceived had we sold our honey through
a commission house at the market quo-
tations.

CAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN SHIPPING.

We will suppose the orders are be-
ginning to come in. A few of the
small orders will be accompanied by
money to pay for the hone}'. Then
there are others that you know by rep-
utation, that you will ship to without
money in advance. The probabilities
are these known dealers will simply
say ship so an:l so, depending on their
good name as sutScient security.
Thus far e\ erything has worked lovely,
but you will probably receive orders
from parties that are perfect strang-
ers; some of them will furnish refer-
ences. Just a word now, in looking
up these references; do not fail to en-
close a self addressed stamped envel-
ope, and leave margin enough below
your inquiry, for their reply. If,
after looking them up, you conclude
they are all right financially, you can
ship them. But, if you have any doubt
of their integrity, or if they do not
furnish reference, the better way will
be to ship C. O. D. Then there are
others who prefer to pay on delivery;
so it will be well to describe this
method of shipping goods. It might be

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

329

added that this plan is used very ex-
tensively in the commercial world.
Generally it is as follows: The rail-
road company that we ship over fur-
nishes us blank bills of lading.
Under the head of "marks, consig'nee,
etc.," we write "to order of E. D.
Townsend, St. Paul, Minn., notify Paul
Jones, 304 Short street." Now after
the railroad ag'ent signs it, we make
out our bill for the honey, pin this
shipping receipt to it, then take it to
our banker and have him draw on
Paul Jones, for the amount. As the
honey is shipped to ourselves, Jones
cannot get it without this shipping re-
ceipt, and as he has to pay the bill for
the honey before he can get the receipt,
we are perfectly safe. All the risk we
run, is the possibility of his not tak-
ing the honey, and causing loss in
freight, unless we can find a customer
for it there. If there is no bank at one
or the other end of the route, there is
always an express agent where there
is a railroad depot, and he will do
your collecting the same as the bank.
Which ever way we ship when sending
our bill to Mr. Jones, we tell him

through which bank or express com-
pany of his city we have drawn on
him. I might add that in all the
honey we ever shipped in this way
there never was a lot refused. Yoti
see, there is no object in anybody
ordering honey unless he wants it;
and, if we always sell by sample, we
have no trouble about quality of honey.
The fact is, we have had such good
luck shipping this way, that we never
hesitate whenever requested to do so,
without any money in advance, as
some require.

In conclusion let us repeat, produce
a good article, have your white honey
ready for the market not later than
August 15th, be honest in your grad-
ing and weights, don't try to deceive
your best friend, your customer, by
trying to work in a few sections of
No. 2 with your No. 1. It might be
tolerated once, if it were a small ship-
ment, but, next time when you
offer him more, he will quite likely
offer you a No. 2 price, for what you
call No. 1.

Remus, Mich., March 15, 1904.

'^^lEUp,

ioimeT Trade.

BY G. F. SMITH.

\ F the statement once made to me by
"^ the Editor of the Review is true,
viz., that only about 10 per cent, of the
extracted honey is used as a table
sauce (the other 90 per cent, being
used in bakeries, etc.,) and if his
efforts to develop the great, unoccupied,
wild red raspberry, honey fields of this
and adjoining States should prove suc-
cessful, and the apiaries be main-
tained in good working strength by

the employment of modern philosophi-
cal ideas on the wintering problem,
born of experience in this rigorous
climate, then it is high time that our
city markets be developed, and the con-
dition reversed, as it is in my market;
95 per cent, going on the children's
bread instead of into the cake.

For nearly twenty years I have kept
our groceries supplied with my best
honey, in glistening labeled glass, yet

330

TttE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW

not a day passes that I cannot sell
more extracted honey than all our
grocers tog-ether can sell in a month!
What does all this mean ? Exactly
this, that tons and tons of honey went
to the family table to the everlasting-
pleasure and benefit of thousands of
children, and many older people too,
that would have been thrown on the
general, already glutted market.

THE STIGMA OF "PEDDLING" PREVENTS

MANY MEN FROM MAKING BIG

MONEY.

I am lead to believe upon inquiry
that there is scarely a city in the
State that is canvassed and worked in
anything like a systematic manner, for
the sale of honey, the same as milk
and ice are sold. I don't believe there
are half a dozen cities in the United
States that are so worked. Big money
can be made handling extracted honey,
even if you have to buy all the honey.
It is only the stiguia attached that pre-
vents many an American bred man of
good business principles from engag-
ing in it. To remove that stigma and
place the selling of honey on a par
with other legitimate, pleasurable,
profitable and honorable callings, and
if possible render the term "peddling"
obsolete, is the first object of this
article.

SELLING HONEY AN AGREEABLE OCCU-
PATION IF RIGHTLY FOLLOWED.

I can scarcely hope to call honey
producers to the work of retail selling,
owing to that natural antipathy that
most men have, but I hope to show yon
that by removing the causes of the dis-
agreeable features, and pointing out
better methods, that there are few
more agreeable occupations and none,
not even school teaching, will afford
such a feast inthe study of human
nature. I have had a taste of many
kinds of work, from being private in a
company of post-hole diggers on the M.
C. R. R.,to that of school teaching, fol-
lowing the latter calling for ten years,
and I have not found a work that I like

so well as selling honey; and I am nO
better adapted to the work than the
average man. In fact, I did not like
it at first, for so rude and unsystematic
were my methods that I would rather
do two days' logging than one at sell-
ing honey.

SELLING OTHER THINGS WITH HONEY.

I keep from 250 to 450 hens, and com-
bine the egg with the honey business,
putting up the eggs in the little paper
carriers holding one dozen each, going
over a regular route weekly. I intend
to extend the honey business to the ex-
tent of several hundred colonies. I
also handle maple syrup in gallon cans
in its season; getting a fine article of
known purity, early, from southern
points. I have sold as many as ten
gallons an hour, at times realizing as
much as 50 per cent, profit, but of
course the proper way is to take
orders in winter, from sample.

Honey is of slow sale in the months
of June, July and August, so I give
most of that time to my 40 acre farm
and the bees.

THE NECESSITY OF NEATNESS IN A
HONEY-SELLING OUTFIT.

If you do not like the business or
cannot find the time to sell your honey
on regular routes, then there surely
must be many men of your acquain-
tance from whom you could select to do
your selling.

In selecting a salesman, look for
these qualifications: Besides being
honest and having a liking for the
business, he should be of good charac-
ter, clean in mind, person and clothes,
a gentleman always, and one who can
look and be pleasant whether he feels
that way or not. The clean and neat-
ly dressed salesman can sell food
stuffs to any body, people of all
classes, while the collarless, dirty
finger-nailed sloven can sell only to
his class. I knew an old man of the
latter class, who went into the milk
business, and, not being quite con-
tented with what filth he cculd carrv

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

331

on his person, he also carried a very
old pipe in his mouth on his daily rounds,
all of which got more or less mixed
with the milk. He quit the milk busi-
ness in a short time. Of course if you
should sell j'our own honey, then these
remarks may apply to you. Remem-
ber that not only your own appearance
but that of your cans, pails, horse and
whole out-fit influence the buyer.

UNRIPE HONEY A GREAT DRAWBACK.

A dislike of, amd a failure in the
business of selling- extracted honey is
<lue mainly to two causes: 1, unripe
hone}% and 2, in going- where you are
>/oi wanted and not knowing where 3'ou
are wanted.

The great prerequisite to success in
extended honey selling is a well
ripened, full-flavored honey. It is a
disgrace to our calling and a con-
tinual menace to our business, that
many prominent bee-keepers continue
to advocate the extracting of honey
when only from one-half to two-thirds
capped, and that other ridiculous
notion of artificial ripening. Honey
gets that desirable honey-flavor in the
hive, and you can no more give it that
flavor in the drying room than you can
give the lemon flavor to the pie without
the lemon.

You may fool some of your customers
part of the time, but it is only a ques-
tion of time when they will begin to
tiilk in this strain: "Our folks don't
seem to care for honey any more, we've
got some of the last 3'et. " I want
them to say: "That tastes like honey,
I know it is pure" and "the only kick
was I got too small a pail."

Good honey sells itself, and gets
orders from all the neighbors and dis-
tant friends who taste it.

Extracting- honey half-capped is
mixing good with bad, the good flavor
of the ripened portion being gradually
absorbed, and finall3' lost in the wild,
rank taste of the unripe; and in a short
time it doesn't "taste like honey," and
for an appetizing- food, the poorest and

cheapest syrups are better— "cheaper
and better than honey." Bee-keepers
should awaken to the fact that we are
running- up ag-ainst new and improved
varieties of Corn Syrup every year.

If you extract your own honey, see
that it is capped "clearn up to de bot-
tom," and if you buy it, insist on your
producer doing- the same, "and don't
let him fool you more than once.''' If
the hone}' comes to you in the liquid
state, it should have a full honey taste
and flavor.

But its grade is more easily dis-
cerned in the candied state. The flavor
should be distinct, and the honey
should be fine g-rained, fine as flour,
the unripe is coarse g-rained like ker-
nels of rice, and is flavorless, and their
relative values about as 16 to 1. You
and some of your readers, Mr. Editor,
will remember that I brought out this
matter of grain at our State Conven-
tion last February. I am glad to
know that so good an authority as Mr.
Dadant makes the same distinction.
(See an April No. of A. B. J.) The
uncertainty of alwaj^s getting well
ripened honey causes me to put forth
more and more strenuous efforts to
produce my own.

PACKAGES TO GET FOR HONEY.

For the grocery trade I put up the
whitest and best in labeled glass, and
if basswood, the name should be on the
glass. I am using at present two
sizes, the yz pint jelly cup and a glass
top sealer called the 12 oz. tall Colum-
bia holding nearly a pint, retailing at
15c and 25c respectively. I get them
direct from the Illinois Glass Co., Chi-
cago, at a cost of l^c and 2c respect-
ively. The cap is perfect and so is
the jar. I carry the pints in a neat
shipping case furnished by the Glass
company, holding two dozen, and the
Yz pints in one of the same boxes with
the bolstering removed, but with five
perpendicular cleats on each side, Z%
inches apart, for the purpose of hold-
ing a partition board to keep the cupg

332

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

from tipping- and shucking about after
one or more cups have been removed.
A case holds four dozen Yz pints, in
two layers. Little and often is my
motto for the stores and meat markets;
and as it is put up hot, I seldom have
to take up any candied honey.

PAILS FOR THE ROUTES.

In the good old white pine days, I
put most of my honey in the 7 pound
(5 pound lard) pail. These were
put in a tight close-fitting, homemade
cupboard (double decked) which held
24, and in which they fitted so tightly
that they could neither tip nor lose
their covers. I counted it one after-
noon's work to distribute these 24 pails
in the vicinity of a big busy mill at
one dollar each, and gather up my
pails of the previous trip. But all this
has changed. The pine is gone, and
with it the 7 pound pail, and I now
find that I can sell more tins of honey
in 2 pound and 4 pound pails at a
shilling a pound. The Jones 2 pound
pail is good but costs more than the 4
pound (3 pound lard) pail with my
own name, a straw skep and pure
machine extracted honey in bronze on
the pail— only S'^c direet from the

Brecht Butchers' Supply Co., St.
Louis, Mo.

In the matter of packages and adver-
tising, the National Association cer-
tainly has something in store for us,
and we should lose no time in connect-
ing our name with it, and make it
strong, even as the Grange is strong,
and is now supplying us with so many
farm commodities at little more than
one-half trust-prices.

I find that the size of package is
quite a matter of habit on the part of
consumers, and I mean to yet sell
honey in the gallon cans and pails and
even in the 60 pound cans, and to the
rural people too

I have little faith in the brick, or
paper sack idea. Candied honey in
sacks would have to be sold forenough
less to pay for the melting and pail
too, and is not adapted to the route
method, as we want as inanj' excuses
to go back as possible. It might do for
the grocer, say '^ pounds for a
quarter, as against two pounds in the
pail.

Next month I will tell how I form
and maintain my honey routes.

Cheboygan, Mich., Aug. 31, 1904.

M,:^^4^^^^^^

ortMJ

or

BY HARRY LATHROP.

rpHE wintering problem is one of
T- great importance in all the Nor-
thern States, and winter losses have
discouraged many a bee-keeper who
started out with enthusiasm. No one
with only a few years' experience
would care to speak with much con-
fidence of what he has done, for fear
that a heavy loss in the future may
dispel the delusion that he had solved

the problem and mastered the situa-
tion.

WINTER LOSSES THAT ARE AVOIDABLE.

'I have been wintering bees for
twent3' years, and consider that my
success entitles me to draw a few con-
clusions from the experience of that
of the past. I can say that in all that
time I have not lost any colonies the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

333

loss of which could not have been
avoided by attention to certain condi-
tions wliich appear plain to me. In
considering- winter losses I wish to
ask this question: why is it that one
colony will come throug^h in g^ood shape
and another die when both are ex-
actly alike as far as hives or protec-
tion is concerned ? Must we not con-
clude that the cause of death in one is
due to some defect in the colony ?
Could not a large percentage of the
winter losses that are reported be ac-
counted for by the statement that the
colonies are not in a normal condition?
One cannot lose what he never had.
Too many colonies are reported lost
that were short of stores, or the stores
were not in the proper position in the
hive, or the colony had a poor queen,
or was queenless, or the bees were all
old and ready to die when they were
placed in the cellar.

If I put a worthless stock in the cel-
lar to take chances, I can hardly speak
of its death as a "winter loss."

What we want to go into winter quar-
ters with is, colonies that are strong in
3'oung bees and well provided with
stores. In order to have such a condi-
tion we must work toward it and not
put ofP all effort till the end of the sea-
son. All summer long, as we work
with the bees, we should keep in mind
to liave tlie colonies in good shape for
winter.

There is no mystery about tlie loss
of queenless stocks or those that
starve, or those that die from dysentery
caused by using- sour or unripe honey
or stuff stored from some cider or cane
mill. Could not many of the losses re-
ported be accounted for under one of
these heads ?

Some one has made the statement
that white honey is the only proper
thing for winter stores. We all agree
that it is good, but I have found that
good ripe honey from autumn flowers
such as heartsease, golden rod, asters,
sunflowers, j^buck wheat, J etc.,j is all

right to winter on, and I always de-
pend largely on this amber honey ex-
cept on fields that do not produce it.

I like to leave the store combs on
hives that are run for extracting- until
along in the fall, both for the protec-
tion of the combs and in order to catch
any surplus that may happen to come
along-. It often happens that the
brood chambers of such colonies will
contain little or no honey at the close
of the season. In such a case we must
g-o through them some warm day in
October and place some well filled
combs below.

If at the time of putting- the bees
away I find some that are too light,
and I have no more combs of honey, I
put on a super of No. 2 comb honey
full or part full according to the needs
of the colony.

There is much to be thought of
before we come to the question of

PROTECTION,

3'et it is all very simple; only g-iving
heed to certain conditions that should
be pretty well understood by this time.
Under-ground winter repositories
seem to be the most popular in the
North, and yet I believe that a double
wall containing four inches of dry
leaves, and the same on top, will make
safe wintering out of doors if other
conditions are right. Last winter was
said to be a hard one on outdoor win-
tering, but I wintered a number that
way. I lost one from lack of stores
and one from the depredations of mice.

ADVANTAGES OF OUT DOOR WINTERING.

I should like to winter more that
way if it were not for the cost of mak-
ing outer shells. The advantages are
that one can prepare the colonies for
winter at any time during the fall and
have no more trouble with them, es-
caping the hard work of carrying- them
into and out of the cellar. The bees
get early flights and first pollen which
is a relief to the bee-keeper if not an
advantage to the bees.

334

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

IMPROVING THE ATMOSPHERE OF A
DAMP CELLAR.

I have made several wintering- cel-
lars in side hills that did g-ood service,
and have a cellar under my dwelling
at Monroe, Wisconsin, that is all
rig-ht. An underg-round repository
should be comfortable to the bees.
Bees are just like men in one respect;
they live by breathing, and they cannot
be contented in a damp, foul-smelling
atmosphere. The repository may not
be dry throughout, there may be water
on the floor or running through the
room, but the air must be good. A
dry well-protected cellar, one not sub-
ject to sudden changes is the best.
One way to help a bad cellar, suppos-
ing you find it too damp and mouldy
on paying it a visit along in the winter,
is to put a foot or so of clean, dry, oat
straw in the bottom. As to the efl'ect.

I ask you, svipposing you were com
pelled to stay in that cellar a few days
and nights, would not tliat load of
straw go a long way toward making
3'ou comfortable ? Bees do not ask to
have the temperature of the room as
high as you would want it, but other-
wise the air should be as pure. The
straw is a good means of absorbing
surplus moisture and making better
conditions.

A dry earth roof is also a good ab-
sorbent, and I regard it as the best
covering for a bee cellar. It will not
contract mould nor dry rot as saw-
dust will many times. Its office is to
absorb moisture from below and give
off no bad odor.

To sum up, we want good queens,
plent}' of bees, and plentv of sealed
stores as a preparation, anil comfort-
able quarters for winter.

Bridgeport, Wis., Aug. 12, 1904.

JWi'^F^i' »^^^^i*V» li^>t»U»»» M^-M^^^-M^i*^^^*.** IlKd^U"^" »^»^1t>hi» »«L»^,»^^>L»*« »^*^k»* »»jr»»iF*^ »jr^i^^» »^»»»^^ » «^*» »^'. ■

The American Bee Journal has
some neat, new department headings.

Texas bee-keeprrs feel that it is
now their turn to have the next Na-
tional convention.

Overstocking will ever be an
interesting subject of discussion.
E. F. At water of Idaho writes that Mr.
G. E. Dudley of Caldwell, Idaho, has
secured a fair crop of comb honey
from an apiary containing 400 colo-
nies. Mr. Atwater says that he shall
increase some of his apiaries to 200 or
250 colonies each.

How far South are cellars used for
the wintering of bees ? This a ques-
tion that a subscriber would like to
have answered, and I am somewhat
interested myself. Will every man

li-^l^"^.*^^ fc«*^V»*^« *«^*nM'* ^KMm.^ KM^M^^*- ■,Plt»U»*> »,«u»'k;^^

who winters his bees in the cellar and
who thinks he is pretty far South,
please write me.

Foul Brood is much more easily
controlled when comb honey is pro-
duced than in the production of ex-
tracted honey, and one of my sub-
scribers would like to have some one
tell exactly how to produce extracted
honey, going into all of the details, in
a locality where foul brood is ram-
pant.

Harmony prevailed at the St. Louis
convention to an extent that is seldom
equalled and never excelled. Both in
and out of the sessions, not a harsh, or
unkind word or criticism was heard.
President Harris is certainly to be
congratulated upon the kind, thought-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

335

ful and tactful manner in which he
administered parliamentarian justice.

•^it^ii»v».*u»

Much wokk was accomplished at
the St. Louis convention, because the
common practice of deliberative bodies,
of referring- important subjects to com-
mittees for consideration was adopted.
When some topic beg- an to "string- out"
to an unusual leng-fh, some one moved
that it be referred to a committee, who
could consider it carefully and report
later, and the convention passed on to
the next subject.

^^M^U'U""'^"

A National Honey Exchange was
born at the St. Louis convention.
Five practical bee-keepers, widely
scattered over the country, were chosen
as a committee to draft a constitution
and by-laws, and something like $700
worth of stock, at S25 a share, was
subscribed for on the spot. This may
be the entering- wedg-e that will event-
ually raise producers to a higher plane
in the selling of their honey.

»»»»«;i»»u»*^

As A Representative gathering I
think the St. Louis meeting is entitled
to the palm. There have been one or
two larger gatherings; that at Los
Angeles last year, had a third more in
attendance, but at least four-fifths of
those present were from California.
At St. Louis, there were no very-
great number from any one State,, but
they came from nearly every State and
Territory.

«»«»»«^«^^ir*

Sugar for winter stores receives the
following recommend from Mr. E. D.
Townsend. In a private letter he
says: "I want to add to my testimony
in favor of sugar syrup for wintering
bees. That is, I would feed enough
for their winter use, I fed ten pounds
to each colony, last fall, at the Pine
Lake yard, and this apiary produced
almost twice as much honey this year
as the Eldred apiary produced, which
was fed no sugar, yet both apiarie^

were in the same condition last fall.
How is that?"

The St. Louis Fair is of course the
"greatest show on earth," but is
surely deficient so far as exhibiting
the progress of apiculture is con-
cerned. There seems to have been
a lack of perseverance, energy, push
and unanimity of purpose on the part
of bee-keepers. "What was everj'-
bodys' business was nobody's busi-
ness." As a result only a few of the
States have any honey on exhibition,
and it is not all in one place as was
the case at Chicago and Buffalo.
Part of the apiarian exhibits are in
the Agricultural building, part in
Horticultural building, and others in
the State buildings.

Enjoyment of Nature has always
been a great enjoyment with me. I
love the quiet and beauty of the
country, while the wildness of the
woods appeals to me strongly. In my
recent visit to St. Louis, I think the
hustle and bustle of the enormous
crowds came as near making me home-
sick as I ever was in my life. This
brings to my mind a remark that Dr.
Miller once made in a convention.
He said many a city man looked for-
ward for years to the time when he
might go out in the country, live there
and enjoy himself, and while we bee-
keepers might not become so rich as
the city man, we were all of the time
enjoying the very things of which the
city man found it necessary to deny
himself.

Paper Protection, for colonies
wintered out of doors, was mentioned
in the last Review. A Mr. Byer, of
Ontario, not having had very good suc-
cess with hives so protected. Since
the September Review was sent out,
Mathilde Candler, of Cassville, Wis-
consin, writes me that last winter she
wintered 45 colonies so protected; and,
while they came through weaker iij

336

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

numbers than colonies packed in saw-
dust, they built up well, and, by the
opening- of the honey harvest, were the
equal of any in the yard. The winter
before she had 14 colonies protected by
paper, and they came out the best in
the apiary. This year she is going to
winter 100 colonies with only the paper
packing- for protection.

»«jr«**jr«.^«jr*

The Manufactured Comb Honey
Canard received due attention at the
hands of the St. Louis convention. A
resolution was passed authorizing the
Association to forfeit $1,000 for speci-
mens of artificial comb that would de-
ceive an ordinary honey expert. I
doubt if the convention had the power
to offer to forfeit such a sum, as the
paying out of money in such matters in
the hands of the Directors, but the
publication of such a resolution may
do no harm.

A committee was also appointed to
keep watch of the publication in news-
papers of the said story and report it
to the General Manager, that he may
look after it.

To illustrate the difficulty of dealing
with the subject in the general press,
let me give one little instance: At the
end of the first day's session the press
committee prepared a short item g-iving-
the principal doings of the day, and
telephoned it to the daily papers.
"Wishing to do all possible to counter-
act the manufactured comb honey
story, it was mentioned that the stories
about artificial comb honey were
severely condemned, as untrue and
working an injury to the industry.
The next morning- we were horrified to
find in the report, the following-: "The
delegates were about equally divided
as to possibility of manufacturing-
comb honey. ' ' Perhaps I have not
worded it exactly, but that is the sense
of it. The mistake probably came
about from the difficulty of hearing
correctly over the 'phone; coupled with
the knowledg-e of the old story. The

next day the committee wrote ont a
most emphatical denial and explana-
tion, and, not trusting- to the 'phone,
sent one of their number to the office
of the paper. The article appeared
together with the head that had
been written b}' the press commit-
tee, but the editor could not resist
the temptation to put in a sub-head
which said that "The bees cannot be
deceived by the machine made pro-
duct." This took the sense all out of
the explanation, and still left the im-
pression that there is a "machine-
made article, '"

Still another explanation was sent
to the editor regarding- the misleading
sub-head. What will bethefinal result
I don't know, but it will be seen that
the difficulties in the wa}' of correcting
this falsehood are something requiring
endless patience and persistence.

»*ii^^i^u»»,»ii»

NOMINATIONS FOR OFFICERS.

The postal card votes for nomina-
tions have been counted and the two
men receiving the most votes for each
office are as follows:

To succeed Jas. U. Harris, as Presi-
dent, Jas. U. Harris and C. P. Da-
dant.

To succeed C. P. Dadant as Vice-
President, C. P. Dadant and J. F.
Mclntyre.

To succeed Geo. W. Brodbeck as
Secretary, Geo. W. Brodbeck and W.
Z. Hutchinson.

To succeed N. E. France as General
Manager, N. E. France and Louis
Scholl.

To succeed Director Whitcomb, E.
Whitcomb and H. H. Hyde.

To succeed Director Hutchinson, R.
L. Taylor and J. Q. Smith.

To succeed Director Toepperwein,
U. Toepperwein and E. S. Lovesy

Let all remember that the foregoing
is, in effect, simply an informal ballot,
and carries with it noobligation. Each
member is still as free as ever to vote
for just whomsoever he pleases.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

337

ADVANTAGES OF ASSOCIATION.

The National Association has not
yet been able to assist its members bj^
purchasing' their supplies at wholesale,
or by selling their honey, although it
has aided them in both ways, indi-
rectly, but there are several local asso-
ciations which have been of decided
benefit to their members in the matters
of buying and selling. For instance, the
President of the In3'o County, Cal.,
Association writes me that, during the
past two years the Association has
purchased all supplies at wholesale
rates, and sold the honey for cash up-
on delivery at the railwaj' station.
The money value of the transactions
reached about $50,000. The members
have received their g'oods at much
lower rates, and sold their product at
a decided advantag'e. He believes that
they have as simple and practical a
plan for a local organization as that
possessed by any association in the
countrj'.

SOMR BRIGHT EXAMPLES.

Nearly every school boy has been
told that if he studied hard and was a
good boy, he might become a great
man, possibly the President of the
United States. Bee-keepers have been
told how Adam Grimm made a fortune
out of bees and started a bank; W. L.
Coggshall with his hundreds of. colon-
ies, and thousands of dollars in the
bank, has been held up as a shining-
example; and now M. A. Gill, of Long-
mont, Colorado, is producing comb
honey by the car load, year after year.
In reading over the proof sheets of the
statistical table that is being published
by Manager France, I see that Mr.
Gill has this year produced 70,000
pounds of comb honey. We may not
all be able to attain these grand suc-
cesses, but the pathway that leads to
them is plain. A good locality, a
large number of colonies scattered in
several apiaries, and some short-cut
method or system that enables a few

persons to do the work by visiting the
apiaries at regular intervals. The
simplicity of the plan is astounding,
and it can be followed by any one who
has the necessary ability, enterprise
and "nerve."

SPECIALTY VERSUS MIXED BKE-KE?:P-
ING.

At nearly every National Convention
this question of specialty versus mixed
bee-keeping comes up, and there is al-
ways present a class that resents any
attempt at showing the advantag^es of
specialty. This class seems to think
that the farmer bee-keeper is the
"whole thing." Then as a clincher,
those are asked to stand up whose sole
source of income is bee-keeping. Three
years ago, at the Buffalo meeting, I
believe one man stood up. Dr. Miller
was not allowed to stand up because
he received pay for writing articles
for the bee journals. Abee-keeper who
kept a cow, or a few hens, or had a
g-arden, was ruled out. At St. Louis
four men stood up and said their sole
source of income came from bee-keeping
and no amount of quizzing could down
them. It seems to me that this sort of
argument is not exactly fair. It is diffi-
cult to find many men in any business
whose whole source of income (every
cent) is from that pai-ticular business.
To be fair, the specialists ought to be
compared in numbers with those who
arefollowing a mixed business. When
it is self-evident that greater success
comes from specialty in any line of
business, I am at a loss to understand
why any one should wish to combat
the idea.

THE KEYNOTE OF THE ST. LOUIS EXPO-
SITION.

Each National convention is dift'er-
erent from the others. Through it runs
a key note, or a motif, as they say in
music and painting, a predominating
chord that colors the whole composi-
tion. The St. Louis meeting is de-

338

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

scribed by only one word and that
word is BUSINESS. Possibly some who
went there to hear "bee-talk," were
disappointed, as scarcely anjthing
was said about manipulation or the
production of honey. There was at
least one man who was not disap-
pointed, and that was myself. For
years I have talked and worked and
written to induce bee keepers to paj'
more attention to the business end of
bee-keeping. I have contended that, if
there was any honey in the fields, we
knew how to secure it in marketable
shape; that the bee journals have for
years taught manipulation and pro-
duction to the almost total neglect of
the business part of the occupation, —
to the buying of supplies, the adver-
tising and selling of the produce, and
the securing of needed legislation, and
now for the National Association to
devote a good share of the time to these
subjects, is a decidedly hopeful symp-

tom.

• '^dn.^Mj^ «•«*»

THE NECESSITY FOR BROADNESS IN AT-
TAINING THE HIGHEST SUCCESS.

The editor of the Cosmopolitan was
surprised at the sameness and common-
place of the exhibits in the art depart-
ment of the St. Louis fair. He decided
that this result came from art students
simply being copj'ists. They are
taught technicality and copying, but
not encouraged to be original, to stud_v
life and mankind as well as painting,
to think, to branch out in new paths.

As is often the case, I tried to apply
the lesson to our pursuit. It seemed to
be about like this: The journals and
leaders have taught manipulation and
detail, and said very little to encour-
age bee-keepers to branch out and
think, and do for themselves. Just now
bee-keeping is being taken up on broad-
er lines; men are broadening out and
keeping hundreds of colonies and mak-
ing dollars where they once madecents,
yet the journals seem very slow in en-
couraging this plan of bee-keeping.

Even the bee-keepers themselves frown
upon the "keeping of more bees." To
my readers let me say, with all possi-
ble emphasis, don't be mere copyists
and imitators. Do some thinking for
yourselves. Try and comprehend the
possibilities that are in store for you
if you will only arouse yourself to the
changed conditions.

»^u»*^^^

SOME BEE-KEEPERS MIGHT EARN
MONEY WINTERS BY WRITING
ARTICLES FOR AGRICUL-
TURAL PAPERS.

What bee-keeper has not noticed the
poor class of matter that appears in
the apiarian departmentsof many of the
agricultural papers? It contains little
really helpful information, while much
of it is absolutely misleading. And
this brings to my mind the fact that
here is a much neglected field which
might be cultivated to advantage by
many bee-keepers, viz, writing bee-
keeping articles for the agricultural
journals. Particularly might they do
this during the leisure of winter.
Such articles might not all be publish-
ed in the winter, but the bee-keeper
could write articles in the winter tliat
would be seasonable in summer.

Not only could mati}^ bee-keepers
earn money in this manner, but the3^
could help to educate the farmer and
the general public. Farmer honey
and farmer methods of marketing, are
a decided menace to the specialist.
Let us do what we can to educate the
farmer to adopt better methods. For
several years before beginning the
publication of the Review I was a reg-
ular contributor to the apiar'an col-
umns of several farm-journals, such as
the Country Gentleman, Rural New
Yorker, Farmers' Review, American
Agriculturist, etc. There are many
others to which I might have contrib-
uted if I had had the time. There is a
demand for really good matter of this
kind.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

339

Here is the way to get work in this
line Write two or three articles on
some practical subject, ;ind send them
to some agricultural journal. Write
a letter to the editor, asking- him if he
would like to have you furnish articles
on bee-keeping for his paper, and how
much he would pay 3'ou for such as he
uses. Tell him that the articles en-
closed are sent as samples, and, if not
available, may be returned. Don't be
discouraged if articles are not always
accepted promptly, but send them to
some other paper. Perhaps many
may hesitate about writing because of
lack of education. To such I will say
that you will be surprised at the
amount of "fixing up" needed by a
large share of the contributions receiv-
ed by agricultural journals. If the
ideas are only there it is an easy mat-
ter for the editor to "lick them into
shape. "

^"^•^•.^K^Km*.

THE INFLUENCE OF LOCALITY.

In my early bee-keeping years, I
was often sorely puzzled at the diamet-
rically opposite views often expressed
by the different correspondents for the
journals. In extenuation of that state
of mind I ma\' say that at that time I
did not dream of the wonderful differ-
ence of locality in its relation to the
management of bees. I saw, meas-
ured, weighed, compared, and consid-
ered all things apicultural by the
standard of my own home — Genesee
County, Michigan. It was not until I
had seen the fields of New York white
with buckwheat, admired the luxuri-
ance of sweet clover growth in the sub-
urbs of Chicago, followed for miles the
great irrigating ditches of Colorado
where they give life to thero3'al purple
of the alfalfa bloom, and climbed moun-
tains in California, pulling myself up
by grasping the sage brush, that I
fully realized the great amount of api-
cultural meaning stored up in that one
little word — locality.

The basic principles of apiculture
are the same the world over, but the
management must be varied according
to the locality. In the South and ex-
treme West, the wintering of bees is
easily accomplished; it being necessary
only, to see that they have sufficient
food. As we go North, some protec-
tion must be given — either by packing
or by the use of chaff hives. As we
go still farther North, successful win-
tering is secured, as a rule, onlj' by
the use of first-class winter-stores, and
putting the bees into a cellar.

In Cuba and Florida the honey har-
vest comes in the cooler part of the
year, or what corresponds to our
Northern winter, and those varieties
of bees that will breed late in the sum-
mer, even though little or no honey is
coming in, are more desirable; as more
populous colonies are thus secured at
the opening of winter. In the North-
ern States, east of the Mississippi,
the main honey-flow comes, as a rule,
early in the summer. It may be very
abundant, but is seldom of long dura-
tion; for this reason those varieties of
bees are preferable that rear brood
very abundantly early in the season,
and then slacken breeding as soon as
the main harvest begins. In some
parts of the West the honey harvest is
much longer than in the East. There
are no such rapid flows as we have
here sometimes from basswood, but
there is a steady flow that may last
for months; the conditions being ideal
for the production of comb honey, as
there is abundant time i*^ which to
build combs for the storage of the
honey, fill them and seal them over.

In the white clover and basswood
regions, swarming and the main honej^
harvest come at the same time; in some
parts of the Southwest, swarming
comes on with the flow from the early,
minor honey plants, and is almost en-
tirely abandoned with the advent of
the heavy honey flow that comes on
later.

340

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

The question of large versus small
hives, over which there have been so
many spirited discussions, is largely
one of local it}'. In the cooler regions,
where the harvest is early and short,
small hives find favor, especiall}' in
comb honey production, while tlie large
hive is a favorite in the warmer
regions that are blessed with a long
honey-flow.

Which the bee-keeper shall produce,
comb, or extracted honey, is also
largely a question of locality. Where
the main honey flow is short, as it
often is from basswood, sometimes
lasting only a few days, there is not
time for the bees to build combs in the
sections, fill them and cap them over,
before the harvest is over and past.
With full sets of drawn combs in the
extracting-supers, a good crop of ex-
tracted honey may be secured within a
week. Such conditions as this exist in
many parts of Wisconsin. Where
honey must be shipped long distances
to market, as is the case in Cuba and
and California, one very important
reason for producing extracted honey
is that there is so much less danger of
damage in shipment. Dark honey is,
as a rule, much more saleable in the
extracted form. When the flow is light
but constant, and of long duration, as
in Colorado, and the honey is white,
comb honey production has its advan-
tages, as honey is worth more when
stored in sections than when taken in
the extracted form.

California furnishes the most im-
mense crops of honey that are any-
where produced, but they are entirely
dependent upon the rainfall that comes
in the winter. If the rains fail to come
the bee-keeper knows to a certaintj'
that, not only will there be no surplus,
but, unless the proper management is
given, his colonies will perish from
starvation.

In the buckwheat regions of New
York, not much dependence is placed
upon the early honey-flows for securing

a surplus. They enable the bees to
breed up, and, as a rule, finish their
swarming, before the buckwheat opens,
when the main crop of the season is
gathered. A colony so weak in the
spring that it would be nearly useless
in a flow from clover or basswood, has
abundant time in which to build up
for tlie buckwheat honey-harvest.

Then, again, there ate localities
near swamps, where the main flow
comes very late, from fall-flowers,
asters, and the like. The yield is
often verjf abundant, but the quality
is undesirable when used for winter-
stores. If the cold confines the bees
for several months upon such stores,
they are almost certain to perish.
The only remedy is to extract the
honey and feed sugar syrup; unless it
might be that of brimstoning the bees
in the fall, and buying more in the
spring from some other locality, a
course which has been followed suc-
cessfully, as the long season for pre-
paration allows of the building up of
one colon}' into several.

It would be an easy matter to use
pages in giving illustrtaions of the
differences in localities but it is un-
necessary; the thing for the bee-keeper
to remember is that if he changes his
locality he must leave behind him
many of his old notions and methods,
and seek the advice of his new neigh-
bors who have been successful. The
veteran bee-keeper from the verdant
hills of old Vermont would make a
flat failure were he to bring his apiary
to Colorado, and manage it the same
as he has been accustomed to doing.
A bee-keeper cannot know his local itj'
too thoroughly. Some men succeed in
localities where the majority fail, and
one reason is because their more
thorough knowledge of the locality en-
ables them to adopt methods more per-
fectly adapted to the peculiarities of
that location. Above all things know
your locality.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

341

PREPARATION AND PLANS.

Their Importance in the Success
of Life.

I have frequentl}' referred to the im-
portance of carefully thoug"ht out
plans, and equally careful and
thoroug'h preparation for carrying-
them out, and my attention was again
called to the matter to day by an arti-
cle in the daily paper setting- forth
some of the whys and wherefores of
Japanese success in the present war.
While there is a vast difference be-
tween the battles of life and the bat-
tles of war, there are also many paral-
lels. The same might be said of busi-
ness and warfare.

To illustrate, let me quote the open-
ing paragraph of the article to which
I have referred. It says: —

The lessons of the campaign are a
text constantly before the eyes of the
military observers with the army They
have made no revolutionary discoveries
thus far; indeed, the chief lesson has
been the overshadowing importance of
WxeLtannplete preparation which has made
every cog of every wheel of that great
machine slide quietlj' into its groove
at the appointed minute, and the at-
tention to detail, for lack of which
the servants of the Czar are wasting so
much brave food for powder.

Allow me to quote one more para-
graph:—

Gen. Kuroki is a quiet and un-
assuming gentleman, rather the Moltke
type than the theatrical general
who rides about exhorting and cursing
his men. His type is apparently the
prevailing one in the Japanese. Some-
times it appears he has worked out his
plan of battle so perfectly before the
event that he can sit down confident of
its fulfillment and takes little further
interest in the proceedings. During
the critical hours of July 31, when ad-
vancing across the valley to charge the
Russian entrenchments on the heiglits,
he sat in the courtyard of a Chinese
temple, chatting casually with mem-
bers of his staff. A court painter
could have made no battle picture
there. Gen. Kuroki's force partakes

of his character It might be des-
cribed as the silent army.

I sometimes find myself wondering
just how far ahead some of my readers
have planned their work.

Have you even a plan for tomorrow ?
Have you a plan for next week, or
next month, or next year ? So many
men seem to work on and on, day after
day, with no particular objective
point; no plan; no thought of accomp-
lishing this, and then taking up that,
and so on, for life. My friend, look
ahead; consider carefully the situa-
tion; decide what you will do, and
what you will accomplish, and what
you will be. Are yon going to keep
more bees, or less ? Are you going to
be a specialist or are you going to do
a variety of things ? If a variety,
what will thay be, and why ? Make
out a general plan, so to speak, for
life, and then begin to plan so that
things will "come out" in such a man-
ner as to help this plan. Of course,
plans sometimes fail, but the man who
plans stands a much better chance for
success than the one who works in a
hap hazard manner. How often do we
hear some man exclaim: "If I had
only made calculations, I might have
done so and so. " Make calculations.
Plan; and then remember that "pre-
paredness is the secret of most succes-
ses."

Just a few more words on this sub-
ject of planning. It may sometimes be
advisable to sacrifice present advan-
tages for the sake of future success.
A young man may go to work as a
common laborer, and, at the end of a
few years, lay up more money than
the young man who spends some years
in learning a skillful trade, or prepar-
ing himself for some profession, but,
in the end, the man who takes pains to
prepare himself for some important life-
work, will far out-strip the one who
takes up with almost any work that
conies along, and that can be performed
by almost any one with very little
preparation.

342

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

SUITABLE SUBJECTS FOR BEE JOURNALS

How Far are "Outside" Topics
Allowable?

At St. Louis I sat down near two
bee-keepers who were having' an earn-
est discussion. The first sentence that
caught my ear was as follows:

•'I tell 3'ou we don't care what his
views are on the temperance question,
and he has no right using space in his
paper to air his views on the subject.
We buy his paper for what it can tell
us about bees, and not to learn its
editor's views on temperance."

The other man replied: "I don't
agree with j'ou. When a man owns
and publishes a paper, he has a rig-ht
to put into it what he pleases, and if
we don't like it, we needn't take his
paper."

"He has and he hasn't. As owner
he has a rig-ht to run his paper as he
pleases, but the subscriber has some
rights, and when he sends his dollar
for a bee journal, he doesn't want
pages and pages used in discussing
temperance, religion, gardening and
automobiling, etc."

I expected that he would include
photography in the list, but he didn't,
but then, he hadn't seen this issue of
the Review.

These remarks of my bee-keeping
friends called to mind an editorial on
a somewhat similar subject that ap-
peared in the American Bee-Keeperfor
September. I consider it worthy of
publication. It reads as follows: —

The fact, long established and un-
questioned, that the bee-keeping fra-
ternity is composed very largel3' of
broad-minded, deep-thinking, liberal
and courteous gentlemen, is, we are
sure, well founded. It is not so very
recently, however, that we made the
discovery that there are some who are
just the least bit peculiar. Though
the ratio is, undoubtedly, low, the
writer is not so sure that we haven't a
slight sprinkling- of cranks whose hob-

bies run counter and criss-crcss, in
divers ways. Probably there is no
other point at w^hich these freak no-
tions and pet hobbies collide so fre-
quentl}^ as in the sanctum of the editor
of a bee journal.

Every enthusiast, or nearly so,
craves publicity for the theories and
notions which he so tenaciously ad-
heres to. May be they are sacred
truths; that's not for us to determine,
unless the subject relates directly to
bees or bee culture. This journal cuts
out "'kindred topics," "home depart-
ments," and all other side-shows.
We are running- a bee journal, solelj'^
and exclusively; and yet certain cor-
respondents think unkindly of us be-
cause political convictions which
weigh heavily upon their minds are
not found available. Another who
takes a deep interest in religious work
persists in infusing his personal beliefs
and deductions into his contributions
to a bee paper, and calls us narrow-
minded because our mission is not
the promulgation of relig-ious doc-
trine. Then, there's the fellow who
can't write a paragraph without strain-
ing himself to deliver a thrust at those
who have espoused Christianity, and
mingles his bee talk with sneers and
belittling insinuations; and then he is
mad clear through because it does not
appear in print in the Bee-Keeper. He
then feels it his duty to enlig-hten the
editor, at great length, upon the subject
of journalistic ethics, and particularly
to define the limit of the editorial
prerogative. In fact to fully explain
why it is that The Bee-Keeper is not
more important and more widely cir-
culated. The "reason" is, of course,
because we don't know how to run a
paper and haven't sense enough to ab-
sorb the excellent advice of our emi-
nently competent correspondent.

Now, we had no intentien of taking
so much siiace to speak of this matter;
but in as much as we are all concerned
in the subject matter of The Bee-
Keeper, it may be well to exhaust the
question before concluding, which may
be briefly done.

Every publication has its peculiar
style — its likes and dislikes. Our pre-
ference, first, last and all the time, is
for articles the publication of which
will interest or instruct bee-keepers,
separate and apart from all "home,"
religious, political, medical or other
foreign subjects. We want to discuss
bees. We are alwa3's in need of good
articles of this kind; but if the readej-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

343

has some personal g^rudg'e which he
seeks to proclaim indirectly, concealed
in an article purporting' to deal with
any apiarian question, send it to some
other journal. We don't want it.

We have recently been forbidden to
edit the copy of a correspondent, for
the reason that unnecessary and un-
charitable reference to those who
adhere to the Christian faith was cut
out, in a former article. It is our
most earnest endeavor to treat every
correspondent in a fair and courteous
manner; but it must be emphatically
and specifically understood that if cor-
respondents do not wish the editor to
take such liberties with their copy,
they themselves should cut out all such
lines before mailing' it.

It is bj^ no means necessary that
matter for publication should be in ac-
cord with the editor's personal ideas;
but so far as pett}' "scraps" and re-
lig'ious references are concerned, it
must pass its scrutiny. We are not in
the business to insult one patron sim-
ply to g'ratif}' another, nor, indeed, to
gratify any clique.

One bee-keepers' society officially
notifies this office that unless we see
fit to publish any matter entirely as
submitted, we must ignore it, and
make no comment. This is a most
absurd idea. Information relating to
public matters whicli efl'ects our pur-
suit, and through public channels re-
ceived, we presume may be freel}' dis-
cussed by individuals or the press.
An organization which seeks to throttle
free speech, or one which assays to
bulldoze the trade press should re-
move its quarters to other than Ameri-
can soil.

The extreme importance of unity in
our fraternal ranks at the present
time should overshadow petty squab-
bles. The situation demands serious
unprejudiced thought and consistent
action.

OVERSTOCKING.

Locations Certainly Differ Regarding the

Number of Cofonies That May

be Profitably Kept.

A few months ago Mr. E. W. Alex-
ander, of Delanson, N. Y., told us in
the Review of the large number of col-
onies that he had kept with profit in a
single locality. He has been con-
demned by some for thus encouraging

the keeping of large apiaries. The
Review certainly wishes to give both
sides of subject, hence I copy the
following from the pen of J. A. Green,
and published in (Tleanings. Mr.
Green says: —

To my mind, one of the most mis-
chievous doctrines that have ever been
brought out in a bee-journal is that
which argues that there is little danger
of overstocking a locality with bees,
and that one might as well keep four
or five hundred colonies in a place as
a fourth that number. It is true that
there are localities where this would
be good advice; but for one that would
be helped by following such advice, I
believe there area hundred who would
be harmed. And the worst of it is,
those who are harmed most may not be
able to help themselves at all in the
matter, but are at the mercy of those
who thoughtlessly take such doctrine
for sound sense.

It is a difficult matter to tell when a
field is overstocked. A location may
be g-ood enough, during the height of
the honey-flow, to support a thousand
colonies with ease; yet when the flow
begins to fall oflf a little there will not
be enough honey to go around. Times
will come when nearly all the honey
the field affords is consumed in brood-
rearing. In times of scarcity the bees
will be consuming more than they can
gather. Especially in the spring there
will not be enough of either honey or
pollen to enable brood-rearing to be
carried on as it should be. Heavy
breeding will be necessary at times to
supplement the lack of natural sources
of supplies, and in the end it may be
found that the location that, at times,
was good enough for a thousand col-
onies, will nol support, for an average
term of years, more than 100 colonies
with the greatest econoni}' and profit.

My own experience may be interest-
ing, and perhaps shed a little light on
the subject. When I came here the
location was plainly capable of sup-
porting profitably' many more bees
than were in it; but as my bees in-
creased in numbers I took advantage
of a vacated location to esteiblish an
out-apiary of sixty colonies only two
miles away from home. It was not as
far away as I should have liked; but
locations are scarce here, and it was'
better than nothing. That season
nearly every bee-keeper in the neigh-
borhood doubled the number of his col-
onies, some even more than that. I de-

344

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

cided to move out more bees and start
another apiary; but before I had my
arrang-ements completed, several new
apiaries were started in my immediate
neighborhood. It seemed like poor
business policj' to move m}' bees out to
let them come in, so I kept all my bees
at home, with the exception of the one
apiary of 60 colonies which I had been
obliged to move nearer home, so that it
was now only 1^:^ miles away, though
I felt pretty sure that the home loca-
tion was badly overstocked. Now for
results. The out-apiary, though well
within the field of the home apiary, ac-
cording to most authoritfes, and having
the same stock of bees in the same
hives, and with exactly' the same man-
agement, averaged nearly double the
5'ield of honey per liive that those at
home gave. This experience taught
me several things. First, that the prof-
itable range of bee-flight ma.3' be mucli
less than is commonly supposed.
Second, it was very evident that the
home location had more bees than it
could profitably support. Now accord-
ing to many who have written on the
subject, these people had a perfect
right to bring more bees into this
locality.

All the bee-keepers in the neighbor-
hood own their homes, and none of the
apiaries lately established have been
large ones. There is no question as to
the legal rights of all, and yet the
number of colonies in the neighborhood
must be reduced or nobody can make
as much money from bees as he ought
to. Let's hear from Dr. Miller.

Mr. Alexander began the present
season with about 550 colonies, built
them up to between 700 and 800 and
received 75,000 pounds of honey. He
does not consider his location an ex-
traordinary one, and feels that he is
justified in his views about overstock-
ing. It must not be forgotten, how-
ever, that he feeds the bees in times of
scarcity.

THE CAMERA.

And Some of the Advantages that may
Come from its Possession and Use.

I have often wished that more
readers of the Review owned and
knew how to use the camera. No des-
cription equals a picture, and if more

of our leading bee-keepers were the
owners of cameras, and knew how to
use them skillfully, how their contri-
butions to the bee journals could be
brightened and improved. I have often
thought of this, and been inclined to
write upon it, but now I have found
my ideas all very nicely expressed by
a writer in the American Amateur
Photographer. In the September issue
he says:

The greatest aid in literature is the
camera.

To some, who have given the subject
no thought, this may seem a very bold
and sweeping statement. But its truth
has been established, nevertheless, by
that dearest and most expensive of
teachers — experience. The camera can-
not make an author — he must be born.
But it can do more than an}' other
one thing towards the happy disposal
of a well written, though dry article.
How many of 3'ou are there, and count
mj'self as one of your number, who
when opening the crisp pages of new
magazines do not first of all look at,
admire and weave a story all your
own about the illustrations?

This branch of magazine and news-
paper work has made wonderful strides
towards excellence in the past few
years. Ten j'ears ago there was one
photograph used for illustration where
there are probably a dozen in use now.
In fact, as far as my knowledge goes
there is only one of the high class
magazines that does not use illustra-
tions. They have come to be consid-
ered as an accepted fact. Only two
of the prominent New York newspapers
accept matter without pictures. These
are the exception to the general rule.
The majority demand illustrations
with the articles. A wordy descrip-
tion soon grows tiresome to the reader,
but that is all the poor author can do
to make one see the picture he is de-
scribing. Unless, he is the fortunate
owner of a camera, when by simply
pressing the button he has captured
the whole scene, and given it to you at
a glance. Whereas if he had to de-
pend entirely on words to make clear
his meaning, whole pages would have
been covered. -

You not only catch the author's idea ■
faster by using the camera, but he is ■
also able to give you that touch of
local color which it is almost impossi-
ble to do in the average descriptive

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

345

article. Mere words cannot always
bring a clear picture of an object to
your mind as a photograph does.

Editors, as a rule, plead that they
are a much abused body. Whether
we agree to this or not, I am sure that
if we accepted the editorial chair we
would look very favorably on the arti-
cle accompanied b}' a number of clear,
clean photographs of the scenes or ob-
jects described, where on the other
hand in opposition is the article of
many closely written pages with
never an illustration to help tired
minds to an understanding of what
they are trying to say.

Not onl}' in the disposal of an article
does the camera help, but the financial
returns are almost doubled. The ma-
jority of editors pay, and pay well,
for articles accompanied by photo-
graphs. Not only this, but there is a
constant demand for good photographs
to use without any letter text. A num-
ber of magazines run picture contests.
Four current numbers, picked at ran-
dom from my pile on the study table,
contain notices of photographs wanted.
This is surely sufficient guarantee that
the usefulness of the camera is on the
increase, not the wane.

Now please pa}' close attention, al-
though this next sentence is put here
in the middle of my article, it is of
more importance than all the rest.

Buy a good camera; and do your
own developing.

More troubles and failures are
caused by non-compliance with this
rule than with an_v other in all picture-
dom. A good camera will pay for it-
self twice over in quite a short time.
You have it when 3'ou need it most.
If v'ou happen to be writing up the
wild flowers of your native State, far
better results can be obtained by tak-
ing your camera to your flower haunts
than by taking your specimens to the
camera.

If 3'ou have to be at the extra ex-
pense of paying a man to do the work,
then your purse is indeed to be pitied!
besides putting a lot of extra work on
your own shoulders.

Another thing to be considered is
that photographs are not always to
be had when most needed. When you
operate your own camera 3'^ou can take
all the time you need to find the best
view point for your picture, take as
many as you like; then when you
carry them to the dark room and dip
them in the developing bath you can
soon see just what points you wish to

bring out strongest. There are fewer
more pleasurable feelings than those
you have as you bend anxiously over
the pan of developer and see the first
faint outlines of your picture come in
view.

Another pitfall that the author must
avoid who depends on bought photo-
graphs to illustrate his article, is the
copyrighted photograph. This snare
catches its prey every day. The owner
is liable to demand damages when his
copyrighted photograph meets his
gaze from some newspaper's pages.
Then you get just the same view that
every other author does who buys his
photographs. You have no chance to
show originality, or a new presenta-
tion of an old view.

The author who does his own work
in photograph}' has ample recompense
in the pleasure he gets from his nature
work. The health he drinks with
every breath of sweet, pure air brings
inspiration in its train. He sees life
from a better standpoint and its effect
is at once noticed, by the editors, in his
articles. Then if he happens to be a
nature lover, and did you ever see an
enthusiastic photographer wno was
not? what delight to him is a corner
of an old rail fence with bunches of
wild purple violets lifting their heads
from beds of dead brown leaves, hang-
ing over the edge of a rain-washed
ravine, while high over their heads
swing the white-hatted branches of
the dogwood tree.

Just a few yards further along is a
gigantic oak whose roots have risen
abjve the ground and formed odd
nooks and crooks with their turns.
Here in one of these little root nests
a young cedar has sprung into life,
resting with the utmost confidence in
the strength and shelter of the older,
larger tree.

If you saw those pictures with your
own eyes, and your trusted camera
was ready to hand, how long before
those pictures would be yours to take
away, soon to send them away on their
journey to brighten and gladden
others' lives and other's eyes, which
surrounded by city walls, cannot feast
on country treasures.

The possession and use of a camera
need not be the expense that many im-
agine. Aside from the making of pic-
tures to accompany contributions to
journals, as mentioned in the above ex-
tract, there are various other ways in

346

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

which a camera may be used to profit,
as I learnel very soon after I began
using- one. For instance, as soon as I
was able to make g-ood pictures, I
went to a bricUynrd that was in opera-
tion, and secured permission to take
views of the different operations. I
gut a view of the men loading- a cart
with clay, of the clay being- dumped
from the cart into the pit, of the horse
going around ar.d turning the mill
that ground the moistened clay into
mortar, of the man filling the molds
with the mortar, of the molded bricks
laid out In the sun to dry, of Iheir
being built up into a kiln for burning,
of a kiln burning, with the black
snijke rolling up from the top of the
kiln, and of a wagon loading up with
the fisished product to haul it to mar-
ket. Then, at noon, I gathered all of
the v.-orkers in a group and photo-
graphed them. I did all of tins with
no thought of making any m:r.ey oirt
of it, but when I was readj' to go
awaj' the proprietor asked me what
the finished prinfs v,ou'.d be worth.
They were 5 x 8 in size and I told hin-
that I would furnish him with all he
wanted at 50 cents apiece. He said he
woidd like to S2e them when finishe '.
I was so m able to show him finished
prints, when, to my astonishment and
de'ight he ordered $1(>.00 worth, and
the h.-inds, in the azgreg ile, ordered
about as many more. This opened up
my eyes to the possibilities of making
money with a camera.

in the first article of this issue I have
urged every man to have some hobby,
samething aside from his reguUir occu-
pation, something that he does for the
love of it, as a recreation, and to the
man who has a taste in that direction,
I know of nothing better than photo-
graphy for a hobby. If there is no
taste for it don't choose it simply be-
cause somebody else likes it. If you
should decide to take up photograph}',
get a camera that has a tripod and
one that uses plates instead of films.

BEE-KEEPERS
ATTE]NTI0]N:!

Are 3-ou going to buy bees? Are you
going to locate in Texas? "We make a
special'}' of nuclei and fu'l colonies of
bees for shipmeiit, in any quantitj',
anvwhere, at all seasons ot the year.
Car lots a spccialt}'. "We .'ue selling
agents for a large number of colonies
ot bees, in qi an.iiy and locations to
suit purchasers. This is a great bee
country and we can supply ycu the
bees at satisfactory prices. If you
wish to buy a farm or ranch with the
hees very likely we can have it for
3'ou; write us your wants.

We are Southwestern managers for
The W. T. Falconer Manuf Picturing
Company, and will carrj' a full line
of Eee-Keepers' supplies at FACTORY
Pl\TCl"-S. Let us figure with 3-ou be-
fore 30U buy j'cur supplies. Order
e;irl\' and secure tl e cash discounts.
We will carry a line of honey cans in
season, and buj' }•( ur honey crop; we
also w;int all the beeswax \\ e can get
at the highest market prices. OTJR
AIM — To supply the b.e-keeper his
waiits ard buy his products in return.
Correspoi de ce in Spanish and Ger-
man a specialty.

THE HYDE SEE SUPPLY CO.,

H. H. H\de, Pros, and Mgr.,
129 N. Flores St.,
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

THE DEMAND FOH

Mooi^e's Strain of Italians

lieconies jireater rach year. The fol-
lowing lepoil .shows the ressou why:

Excel in Storing- Capacity.

r> S. T.Tvtor a I.irgp ho'ie\-profhicer of p<:Tris
Cali! . « ho sent me an order lor 7=; qneei'.s at
one time .sny>: ' | have a laige apaiy mostly
of ynir slock an<l h.ive tifver in ny30V'ais'
L-x e ience, set 11 cq quiet and geniic htts to
lundle. ni.d in siorii p rapacit> they ixccl at'y-
ihing 1 lirveever had "

Untested queens, 75c each; six, 54.C0; dozen,
$7-5o. Select nntesttd, $1.00 each; six, $5.00;
lozen, $9 00.

3afe arrival and Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Descriptive Circular Free.

I am now filling orders by return mail, and
shall probably be able to do so till the close of
the season.

J. P. ffiOORE,
tDorgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

THE

FOUNTAIN
PEN

has the
^'LUCKY CURVE'*

Tlie "hirky curve" is a curve in
I he Ueil pipe- 111 t t)i !■ frs ilsiiiuer
(.peMiiij? .mt njj linst llu- insiic ■ 1
tlie 1) n rtl of the peu, an. I Ihi ar-
rairjfUi nt allows cii""ary at-
irac i m lo Mick the ink < ui of the
tVed pipe "iieu the pen end is
lield upperni St. thus pitvon'ing
all leakaue At the s nie time
the fe "Ipipe is kepi moist with
iiK an 1 rea.lv tor b siness-

'riiere are other go ) 1 fenlu'es
about ti-e Parker, one is the al-
nio-it imp ),vsi>>ilily of breaking
the huulle. If it breaks from
any cinse within a year a new
une i' sei\' fn e.

.Mr. X. K. France, General Man-
ag.-r of the Niiional Bee-Keeper-.'
A-.-;ociati)n, ha? carried a Pir<"r
peu for veais, :ind "swears I'y it,"
so to spt'ak. I htvs cTrrird one
now lor a year niyst If an,I cm
tru h fully say that'l have d* lived
more 'ausfact fin from it iliaii
f-o:ii a"y oilier fouut;nn pen Ih -t
1 li ne < "ver ciir ied, and I h ve
tried several o her k iid-. I ■ ffcr-
cd t lis pen last vearin c> 'ii'iei-tion
w t 1 ih • R view, and sold a large
nuni'.ier ci^ t'leni, and Id ii'i kn>w
of a (Hs-ati-fied cus otiier 1 f ilu-re
is, I wint to heir from liiiii.
There are p'eiity of pen=i that I
in-gM ofl'or for "|i oo and m i'- e
m )re m ):iey th in I am in ikug o i
Ih^ P n kf^r, but I cire more to
furnish my subsciibers a g lod
article ''t a fiir pn.fi,, than to
m eke a big orufi on a che.ip pen.
There f e diif^re it s'\l s of
pe. s varying i vr ce iron $ s^j to
$ o. o, depw-iiJing u o i the fiiii--li
of the limdle. My pen co-. S'-oi
and. so f ir is prictical use :s c ni-
ce' tie ', is he cipial of any: an 1 I
li.-ivemile arraigeineiUs 'vl^e1-^•.
by I c-in send 'he Rl.VIF.V/ one
var, and one of th,.- 5200 I ei;s,
tor only S ■ 5"- Safe; anival and
s -tisf ic i 'I gmraiitecd, or iiionej'
will be rLfuiide 1.

A

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
FIin% Michigan.

WANTED:

Apples and Peaches,
Two miles from A.I.
application. D.

8-04-3t

To sell my farm of 30
acres, young orchard of

a few Pears and Plums.

Root's ranch. Terms on
B. LINDSEY,
Traverse City, Mich.

of Water

in case of fire is might}' han>ly. If s a
good thing to be ready for su,:h emer-
gencies.

WHY NOT be as caref.,lcf your-
self as of vour house?

ELLOWZONES

ARi

FOR

PAIN

01 CIIIUI andThver,

checking them as wa'er que^hes fire.

They are for EMZi?Gi:J03E3 and
may be relied upm as the very best
household i-e:n^dy for all such ailmen's
as Fevers, liee.dach^, Colds, Grip,
Rheumatisn Neuralgia, etc.

And f;ey g t rig-'it hold of t'^ese
C)nditio::s in a way th:it will surprise
you.

In Sept. Review you read the t:sU-
mony cf prominent Eee-Ke ^pcrp, en-
thusiastic in praise of YZ. Now
you'll enjo3' 2 or H from Ministers.

I hive used YZ '-•gh* veais, au 1 they do exact-
ly what is cHimed f-^r them.

Kev. U O I»arl nq, Indian.Tp ,1!s.

We Iinv2 use 1 YZ n iw r<r 6 veirs anl h.ive
increiscd their sMpc un ii thii U about th:
only leincdy we inak: 11 -e • f .

Kev. J C. D.U'IS Dnlutli, Mnn.

Dr Mouse's YeHow Z!>nts are j'st wliat he rep-
resents them. Till y wi 1 k 'ock I'linand Ftver
s-yhigh! The editor and h'S f.imily wouldn't
fe"l secure a daj' without a bo.>c 01 tliem 111 th;;
house.

r.niTriR. Rev. C. A. Foss,
Port Huron, Mich. In Church Visitor.

!I yoj kocp bjJ ono remedy in the
hs'jse it shsuid bo

YELLOWZONES

The Prise is $1.00 per box, or a trial

size for 2oc.
And, notice, I guarantee your money

back — and another box if not

perfectly satisfied.
W. B. HOUSE, M. D., DcTour, Mich.

348

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

For ROOT'S GOODS in

MICHIGAN

Send for Catalog

m. H. HUNT & SON

Bell Branch, Mich.

Our $10,000

Bee - Keepers' S u p p ly
Manufacturing plant is
ready for business. Send
for price list.

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

4-04-6t 147-149 Cedar I,ake Road

-If you are going to—

rUy a bUzz-saav,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which ho would noil it.

PAXEINT, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24
YEIARS the: BEZST. CATALOG FREIE:.

F. BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH, j

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER,
GOLDEN ITAL'IANS. CARNIOLANS.

By Return Mail! Safe Arrival Guaranteed.

f»k.icb:s. one six

Select Untested ,..,......•• • • 1 • 00 5.0^

stTe^Test^d ; ; : : ■ • ^- ■ 200 too-

Select Breieders, each • ' ' ' '
Two-fr^me Nucleus and nice Queen

TW E L V t

$7.50

9.00

15.00

18.00

THE FRED W; MUTH CO.,

No, 51 WALNUT ST.. V - CINCIN N ATI. OH IQ

Shipping Cases Red Clover

No-drip, 241b. $13.00; 121b, $8.00;
201b, Danz. size or for 4x5 sections,
$10.00. The $1.00, 1)^ story, 8-frame
Hives still goes like hot cakes. Sec-
tions, Foundation and all kinds of
Bee Supplies on hand. Send for list

W. D. SOPER,
R. D. 3 Jackson,lMich.

Italian Queens
for 1904. Our
strain of bees is
gathering hon-
ey in every State. They work on red clover as
well as on white clover- Untested, 70c each, two
for 1. 2s, or $7.00 a dozen; tested, |i.oo, or $10.00
a dozen; breeders. $350 to $7.00 A four-frame
hive, painted, stocked with bees, brood and a
queen, $3 50. We shall keep on hand from 400
to 600 queens, and will be able to send queens by
return mail, guaranteeing safe arrival. Send for
circular. G. ROUTZAHN,

4-04-6t Biglerville, Penn.

Please mention the Retiieui.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

349

iWWWWW Try The Case Strain WVWWW^

Of Italians. They make the whitest comb honey; have proved Jp

best for extracted, especially in Cuba; and are but little inclined ^C

to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms ^G

boug-ht 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is second J^

to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning- better queens, ■£

earlier and more of them, for 1904. Fine untested, $1.00. Select] ^^

$1.25. Tested, $1.25, up. Circular sent free for the askino-'. Sp

J. B. Case, Port Orange, Fla. mm^

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A mail living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office
with mine, and is putting in a cylinder press.
We both had a paper cutter, and, as v^e have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-iiich cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25,00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion what-ever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint. Mich.

1 WILL BUY

a few tons of honey and pay cash at
your depot. Correspondence solicited.
Give full particulars as to quality.
Sections, when it will be ready to ship,
price wanted, etc. If satisfactory I
call on you. A. W. SMITH,
80-4-3t Birming-ham, Mich.

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, 18 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

W. M. Cockersham, of Ronda, N. C.
manufactures

Bee Supplies

AND REARS

Queens fop Sale

at the following-

Apr.

One ITntesled, $1.00
Three " 2.90

One arranted, 1.25

One Tested 1.50

Select Tested, . . . 1.00
Breeding, 8.00

"ices

Ma3'

June

July
and
after

$ .90
2.75
1. 10

$ .80
2.50
1.00

1-75
2.25
1. 00

1-25
2-75
8.00

1. 10
2.50
8 00

1. 00
2.25

100 Swarms for Sale

In a fine basswood and clover location: bees in
fine chaff hives with five inches of packing; and
there are fixtures for producing both comb' and
extracted honey . Address 6-04-tf

E.D.OCHSNER, Prairie du Sac Wis.

GASOLINE ENGINE FOR SALE

Hallack & Hartshorn, the printers who have
printed the Review for the past two j^ears, ex-
pect to put in another large job-press in a month
or two, when their gasoline engine that has run
their other two presses will not furnish suffic-
ient power to run all three presses, and must be
disposed of and greater power put in . This en-
gine is a Bates & Edmonds, 2^ horse power, and
cost $125, two years ago, when it was bought
new. It is in perfect order, and as good as new,
ordinary wear excepted, and would be sold for
only jSS- It would make an excellent power for
some bee-keeper who wished to put in saws and
make his own hives, or to make hives for sale.
Any one wishing any further particulars can ob-
tain them of

HALLACK & HARTSHORN

Reference, Editor Review

Flint, Mich.

350

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

^^^r^''^=^^^^m^^'-^?'^^-'^^^4^W'^^.4^.

A'^

4^

Id

ntuinnier"

9

Retail — Wholesale

lias an established reputation because made bj- a
process that produces the CLEANEST and the
PUREST, and in all respects the BEST and the
most desirable. Send for Samples.

Working vrax into Foundation
Por Cash

Is a specialty. Beeswax ArvrAvs Wanted at the
HIGHEST MARKET TRICE.

A Full Line of Supplies at Both
Retail and Wholesale.

A

n

*r<

#«

*

fit.

I

re

Send at once for Catalog- and discounts on large
orders.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents
for Canada.

Please mention the Review.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

351

■iiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiiiniimii

miiiiiiiiiBiiiiiinii

■iiiiimniiiiif|iiBiiniiiiigiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiii|

iiiiiiniaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiii'aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'i

!iniiiiiiiiiii|i||niniirini|iiiu|iBiNii|iiiaiiiiiiiiiniiiiii

iiiiiili

■iiiiin

(DaPshfield (Dfg. Co. 1 1 WcisS

■miiiB
iiiinii

Were we behind on
orders this season?
Yes, but we can fill
orders ^gahi same
day when received.
Remember our busi-
ness is making' honey
sections and shipping-
cases, besides, being-
dealers in beekeepers'
supplies. Send in
3'our orders.

iiiiiii

Foundation

Is g-uarantee 1 to stand at the
head for quality and work-
manship, as it is made by the
Litest process of sheeting and
purifying- wax, and will defy
c-jmpetitors to its quality and
purity. Send fjr a sample
and catalog- and b„* your own
judg^. Working- wax a spec-
ialty. Friend Bee-Keejer, now
is tne time for you to send in
your wax and have it worked
into f jundation. Hig-hest pri-
ces paid for beeswax. Cash,
32c; trade, 33c. Imjiure wax
nut accepted. A full line of

M Mai^shfield PIfg. Co. jJ Bee Supplies

r/Iarsh'ield, tis.

AUGUST WEISS,

-04-tf

GREENVILLE, WIS.

~ ~j. 1(11111 a 'mill Biiiiiiiranmir ■ 'inii' ■:iiiiiii am
iiMiiiii'Uiiiu.liiiiiii. Iiiiiiiii SiiiiiiL liiiiiiii l,iiiiii. fji

llllllHli Jiiilii. £ unTatl

LI Root's Goods at i I

|.. .^ a a

i'i Root's Price? 11

What They Say!

\V. II ^uT^•.\^r

Ilillsboro, Wis.

Biciiiia

ll'.iiii
I iiJ
B iiiii

PO'JDER'S Honey Jars and
evt^ \ 111 g sid 1 y liee-ivct pi r-.

1, ige and coiuplcle stock uii hand
at all liiiifs. I, iw tieielit rati s

I'.onipt Strvice. Calaicg stiil free.

WMt^r S. Poucicr

51,^-515 M iss. Ave.
IXDIAX.VIVI.I.S, IXD,

Kiver I-'ai:?, Wis.
Dear Sir:— I rVlaycd ai.swetii'g vbur
Ictttr niHil I had r. ai the June num-
ber ot ihe Kiiral IJee-IC.epcr, piid
must sry a.s a Het-Kteper ot 2j years'
evperiei.ce 1 am more than pleased
wi )i it. rt^gaidltss of the a.s.vertii iis
ot sou e that the pul.li.'-hing in ih s
line was alrca( y • xerdone, anri il ehe
impiovcnieiils coniii.iie it will ctr-
laii.lj l.e >ec< I'.d to none witlnn its
fiist\earol public-alioii . I considt r
Ihe June nuuib'i alone worth stveral
ytais' siibsi ripiions, to any piacd.al
live btt-kieptr and wiil say Ittlhe
gi od work go on f.n<l on. Von have
a good field, and llie f.ict f^f our hav-
ing a lice Ji.nmal jmb i.<-lied in our
own stale, shwuld 1 c a lasnng stimu-
lant to all lee-ketpeis of \^ i>consiii
and the Noithwi st, aid 501' certainly
cannot 'e invcsliu Cj belter ac;v. n-
tate You m •> s>-!!d me some more
blanks. Yours tiiily,

tlylAS FOX.
Send IOC tor three back numbers
or 50c for one year.

i!>giiiiiiirBni|ii'jiiiiiii''pi[iiiiii|'H|N<'^[:Nini|iii|iii:|:|mii>;|iiiiiir|iiiii p ,,, .,,p,(iiii<< | iiii';:.g:,'iii' |iii||t |'Miir|i|iiiiiiigiji|i|iiipi|i|iiiBijip^

ii;iJiiiii;iiiiliu!BjliJui,Biiiiiiii.aiiiliiiiajjiiJjiJiiiiijiiiiikiijiiui:iaiiiiiiiiM

Bjiri

B>:iii<i

a nil a
mniiLii

4'iiii ■

352

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

t\d^r)y Irr)proverr)er?t5 Tbis Yezir.

We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies.
The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber
than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied
with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi-
nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators.
The Higginsville Smoker is .much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate-
rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly
polished sections are sviperb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles,
and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure
enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be
worked by the foot.

^^ai Tb^ Hedcloo Hive.

Another valuable adjunct to our manu-
facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not
hesitate to say that it is the best all round
hive ever put upon the market; and we
are pleased to state that we have made
arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the end
that we can supply these hives; and the
right to use them goes with the hives.

Hooey ExtrEvctors.

Our Honey Extractors are highly orna-
mental, better manufactured; and, while
the castings are lighter, they are more
durable than heretofore, as they are made
of superior material.

Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved,
beinj; brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land,
and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price;
only 50 cts. per year.

Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres-
sive Bee-Keeper. Address

LEAHY A\f2. ©O., B>

Ezi$t St. Louis, ills.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are made according
to these rule»:

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission— the balance
being .sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

KANSAS CITY, MO.— There seems to be a
firm feeling at present pirces. Beeswax in de-
mand. We quote as follows for 24-lb. cases.
Fancy White, $2.75; No. i White, I2.65; No. i
Amber, |2 50; White, Extracted, 5J4c to 6c; Bees-
wax, 25c to 28c.

WAI^KER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Aug. 30 423 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo.

CINCINNATI— The supply of honey at the
present time is limited, with but moderate de-
mand. New honey is beginning to arrive.

We quote our market today as follows, — Am-
ber extracted in barrels and cans, 5}{ to 6^c
White clover extracted, 6% to 8c; comb honey
(demand limited). 13 to 14c for fancy and No. i.
Beeswax, 29c.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
July 29 Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFALO. — As cool weather approaches de-
mand improves. Moderate shipments are ad-
vised until October and November. L,ots of old
honey here that is almost unsaleable. We quote
as follows: — Fancy white 15c to i6c; No. i white,
13c to 14c; Fancy Amber, i2ctoi2^c; No. i Am-
ber, IOC to lie; Fancy Dark, 8c to 9c; No. i Dark,
7c to 8c; Bees ^ ax, 28c to 32c.

BATTERSON & CO.
Aug. 31 159 Michigan St. Buffalo, N. Y.

PHII,ADEI,PHIA— There has been absolutely
no call during the past two weeks for either ex-
tracted or comb honey. Quite a lot of new
goods from the South has been offered, but not
enough sales to fix a market price. Everybody
is expectantly waiting to see what the outcome
will be in the way of production. Some parts of
York state have quite a crop, while other parts
have little or none. Several large lots of extract-
ed honey have arrived in our market. We quote
as follows: — Fancy white, 7 to 8c; amber, 6 to 7c;
Southern, 5^ to 6c; beeswax, 26c. We are pro-
ducers of honey and do not handle on commis-
sion.

WM. A. SEI.SER,
July 29 10 Vine St. Philadelphia, Pa.

CHICAGO— The market has an over supply of
comb honey, very little of which will pass as
No. I grade — price is 11 to 12c per pound, and
off-grades at corresponding values Extracted
at 6 to 7c per pound for best grades of white;
amber colors, 5 to 6c; beeswax, 28 to 30c.
R. A. BURNETT & Co.,
July 27 199 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

NEW YORK— Very little new comb honey is
arriving as yet and prices are not established.
Extracted in fairly good demand, with plenty of
supply. Beeswax is dull and declining. We
quote as follows:— Fancy white. 14 c to 15c; No. i
white 13c; fancy aitiber, 12c; No.i Amber, iic;
white extracted, 6V2Cto 7c; amber extracted, s^^c
to 6c: Beeswax, 28c.

HII^DRETH & SEGElvKEN,
265 & 267 Greenwich St., Cor. Murray St.
Sept. I New York.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.— As the weather is yet
very warm the demand for noney has not set in,
therefore the market is very quiet. I am told
there is, in this town, consideralile honey from
last season. I have no old, and the following
quotations are for new: Fancy White 14c to isJ^c,
No. I White 13c to 145^0.

C. H. W. WEBER,
Aug. 31 Cincinnati, Ohio.

CHICAGO — During the past week or so we
have had considerable inquiry for New Comb
Honey, but the supply is rather limited. If
shippers have any new Comb Honey ready, we
would advise letting it come forward, or write
us what they have to offer and lowest price .
Trade on Extracted Honey very quiet, demand
limited. We quote as follows: Fancy White 12
c to 13c; No. I white, iic 10 12c; hite. Ex-
tracted, 6c to 7c; Amber, extracted, sJ^c to 6c;
Beeswax, 26c to 30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.,

Sept. I

189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills

KANSAS CITY, MO.— With cooler weather
the demand for honey is slowly increasing, and
the market is firm Beeswax in good demand.
We quote as follows for 24-lb cases: Fancy White
$3.00: Fancy .-imber, $2. 25 t o $2.50; hite, Ex-
tracted, 7c lb; Beeswax, 30c.

C. C. CIvEMONS & CO.
Aug. 30 Kansas City, Mo.

ALBANY, N. Y —The 'demand for honey is
improving some as the season advances. We
think present prices are good to take, for from
information throughout the country, would
seem to be a larger crop than last season, al-
though the crop in this vicinity is short. We
have to depend on outside producing sections.
We quote as follows: Fancy White. i6c; No. i
White, 15 c to 16 c; Fancy Amber, 13c to 14c; No.
I Amber. 12c to 13c; Fancy Dark 12c to 13c; No.
I Dark, iic to 12c; White, Extracted, 7c to 7j^c;
Amber, Extracted, 6c to 6J4c; Dark, Extracted,
Beeswax, 28c to 30c.

H. N. Wright,
Wholesale Commission ,
Sept. I Albany, N. Y.

a

PQ
PQ

[«-

GET READY!

What is the use of putting- off to the last minute the preparing- of
j'our bees for winter? Beg-in now I Just figure up what jour pro-
fits would have been this year if all your colonies had been like
your strong-est one, or if you did not have such, like a strong-
colony could have done. This colony was strong- because it win-
tered well. It wintered well because it had an abundance of
stores. Let your bee have a chance to make money for you next
year.

FEEDERS

Simplicity

Division-Board

Entrance

Miller
Pepper-box

The above are the kinds of feeders we manufacture and sell.
The.y cover every practical form and will meet the needs of every
bee-keeper. Our catalog^ g-ives complete description and prices,
also tells how to use and make feeding syrup.s.

Like all of Root's Goods these feeders are the best made. You
will find them in stock at all of our branch houses. Also our
agencies can supply you. Start preparations now.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY

FACTORY AND KXECUTIVE OFFICE

MEDINA, OHIO

BRANCHES

Chicago, III., 144 E. Erie St.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine St.
New York, N. Y., 44 Vasey St,
Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W.

Genesee St.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Miss St.

San Antonio, Texas, 1322
South Flores Street.

Washington, D. C, llOO Md.
Avenue. S. W.

Havana, Cuba, 17 San Ignacio

Kingston, Jamaica, 141 Har-
bour Street

i

r

I
I

November, 1904

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'Review

PDBWSHED MONTHI.Y
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and PubUsher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 202

Terms — fi.oo a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Nov. 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, $ times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will Send the Review with —

Gleanings, (new) -..($1.00) |i 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...{ 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40

Rural Bee-Keeper ( 5°) I-3.S

Western Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( 1.00I 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 120

Rural New Yorker ( i 00) i 85

The Century ( 400) 4-5°

Michigan Farmer f i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.ooj 1.75

American Agriculturist ( i 00) 1.75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 4.00) 4.10

Harper's Weekly ( 400) 4-2o

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i.oo) 1.90

Success ( I.oo) 1.75

National Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. 111.

Vice President.

Geo. W. Brodbeck, I,os Angeles, Calif.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasurer

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn, Ont.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San .'Vntonio, Tex.
R. C AiKiN, IvOveland, Colo

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM. A, Selser, Philadelphia. Pa.
G. M. UoOLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

Names of Bee-Keepers i

a

a ' E

a type: NA/RITTEIN E

s m

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at I2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now have a type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated.
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona
Ark... .
Ala.. .
Calif...
Colo...

378
228

Canada 1200
Conn.. 162

Dak..

Del..

Fla...

Ga...

Ind..

Ills...

Iowa.

25

18

100

. 90

744

1375

800

Ky

Kans..

La

Mo

Minn..
Mich...
Maps...

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y.. .
Neb.. .
N. J.
N. H. .

350
38

500

334
1770

275
94

270

70

1700

■•345
130
158

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon.. 109
Ohio...
Penn.. .
R. I....

S. C

Tenn....

Tex

Utah....

Vt

Va

W. Va..

Wash 128

Wis 625

Flint, Mich.

1 30c

912

46

40

176

. 270

. 68

..200

182

. 172

We want the readers of

The Review

to read our Journal. It has
just entered its second year,
with a list of 3,000 subscrib-
ers— think of it — Have you
ever heard of a Bee Journal
with such a record? Now,
for a g-ood year's work.
Won't you help?

Send $1.00 for a year's
sabseription.

THE WESTERN BEE JOORNflli

p. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor,

HANFORD, CALIFORNIA

Ho Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a z'ety thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound vpill fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brond frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wu-ed.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

a. VRfl DEUSEfl,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

Bee-l^eepers

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else 3'ou need of the

W. T. Pz^lconcr A\fs[. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

BS^'Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in I2tli year; H. K.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

If the

REVIEW

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publisher and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima-
tion of the advertiser: and it en,
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

354

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

THE

FOUNTAIN
PEN

has the
^^LUCKY CURVE'^

'he "lucky curve" is a curve in
llic feed pipe that brings its inner
opening out against the inside of
the barrel of the pen, and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of the
feed-pipe when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage. At the same time
the feed-pipe is kept moist with
ink and ready for business-
There are other good features
about the Parker. One is the al-
most impossibility of breaking
the handle. If it breaks from
any cause within a year a new
one is sent free.

Mr. N. E. France, General Man-
ager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, has carried a Parker
pen for years, and "swears by it,"
so to speak. I have carried one
now for a year myself, and can
truthfully say thati have derived
more satisfaction from it than
from any other fountain pen that
I have ever carried, and I have
tried .several other kinds. I offer-
ed this pen last year in connection
with the Review, and sold a large
number of them, and I don't know
of a dissatisfied customer. If there
is, I want to hear from him.
There are plenty of pens that I
might offer for §1.00 and make
more money than I am making o j
the Parker, but I care more to
furnish my subscribers a good
article :)t a fair profit, than to
make a big profit on a cheap pen.
There are different styles of
pens varying in price from $1.50 to
$10.00, depending upon the finish
of the handle. My pen cost $2 00
and, so far as practical use is con-
cerned, is the equal of any; and I
have made arrangements where-
by I can send the Review one
year, and one of the $2.00 pens,
for only J2.S0. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed, or money
will be refunded.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
Flint, Michigan.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Prices

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

4-o4-6t 147-149 Cedar I,ake Road

BEE-KEEPERS
ATTENTION!

Are you going- to buy bees? Are you
going to locate in Texas? We make a
specialty of nuclei and full colonies of
bees for shipment, in any quantity,
anywhere, at all seasons of the year.
Car lots a specialty. We are selling
agents for a large number of colonies
of bees, in quantity atid locations to
suit purchasers. This is a great bee
country and we can supply you the
bees at satisfactory prices. If you
wish to buy a farm or ranch with the
bees very likely we can have it for
you; write us your wants.

We are Southwestern managers for
The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing
Company, and will carry a full line
of Bee-Keepers' supplies at FACTORY
PKICES. Let us figure with you be-
fore you buy your supplies. Order
early and secure the cash discounts.
We will carry a line of honey cans in
season, and buy your honey crop; we
also want all the beeswax we can get
at the highest market prices. OUR
AIM — To supply the bee-keeper his
wants and buy his products in return.
Correspondence in Spanish and Ger-
man a specialty.

THE HYDE BEE SUPPLY CO.,

H. H. Hyde, Pres. and Mgr.,
129 N. Flores St,,
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

YELLOWZON ES

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, 18 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself." This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 355

Great Clubbing Offers.

Here is a list of magazines, tog-ether with the regular prices at
which they are published.

CLASS A.

Success . . . . . . $1.00

Leslie's Monthly Magazine . . . . 1.00

Harper's Bazar . . . . . . 1-00

Cosmopolitan . . . . . . 1.00

Good Housekeeping . . . . 1.00

Pearson's Magazine . . . . . , 1.00

The Twentieth Century Home . . 1.00

The American Boy . . . . . . 1.00

The American Inventor . . . . 1.50

The Sunset Magazine . . . . 1.00

The Technical World . . .. . . 2.00

CLASS B.

The Review of Reviews . . . . $2.50

The World s Work . . . . . . 3.00

Outing . . . . . . 3.00

The Booklovers' Magazine . . . . 3.00

The Independent . . . . 2.00

If you subscribe for one or more of these magazines in connec-
tion with the Bee-Keepers' Review, I can make the following offer:

Success, and the Review, for only $' 75

Succes=, an> one magazine in class A, and the Review, for only 2 50

Success, any two magazines in class A, and the Review for only 3 0°

Success, any three magazines in class A, and the Review, for only 3 5°

Success, Review of Reviews and the Review, for only 3 5°

Siiccess, The Independent, and the Review, for only 3 5"

Success, an J' two of class B, and the Review, for only 5 00

Success, any three of class B, and the Review for only 6 50

Success, any one of class A and any one of class B, and the Review for only 400

Success, any one of class A and two of class B. and the Review, for only 5 50

Saccess, any two class A, and one class B, and the Review, for only 4 50

.Success, any two of class, A. and any two of class B, and the Review, for only 600

Success, Country I,ife in America, and the Review, for only 4 25

Succ<;ss, The Outlook (new ) , and the Review, for only 4 00

Success, Harper's Magazine, or Weekly, and the Review^, for only 5 25

Upon request quototions will be given upon any combination of Success with other American
magazines.

Magazines will be sent to one or different addresses as desired.

W.^Z, HUTCHlNSONy Flint; Mich,

356

THE BEE-KEEPE'RS' REVIEW

44

NEARLY 100."

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

n [^

I WATER TO

^^^1 S 1

MAKES THE FINEST

Send for Catalog

The G. B. LEWIS CO.

Watertown, Wis.

U. S. A.

ake Voup Own Hives.

3ee ^ Keepers

Will save money by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

i

Burying Bees in a "Clamp."

T

\)e (i)ee-

eps

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
W. Z. HDTCHiNSON. Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, NOV. 15, 1904. NO. 11

^c^lnts to foe Heecdlecd in "Wiimteirlinitf

Bees Sim Mlclil^aimc

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

rr/HKRE are so many things to
^ take into consideration in winter-
ing'our bees herein northern Michi-
gan, that I scarcely know whereto be-
gin, when writing on this subject, but
there are two essentials, that seem to
stand out in my mind's eye, quite a
little more prominent than anything
else, no matter whether we winter the
bees in chaff, in the cellar, or in a
clamp, and these are outside protec-
tion and winter stores. I hardly know
which is the more important. Perhaps
I would not be far out of the waj' if I
should say winter stores, if we winter
indoors; and outside protection, if
wintered in chaff. But they should, by
all means, both get together if we ex-
pect fair success in wintering.

ADVANTAGE OF A SHELTERED LOCATION.

We are starting a new yard three
miles north of town, and have selected
a place for it, where there is quite a
bluff on the north, east and west sides,
leaving an acre or so, where we are
setting the bees, that is nearly level.

and open to the south. These hills
will furnish ideal outside protection
for this 3'ard. In selecting a protected
place, as above, it is essential that the
inclosure be not too large, just room
enough for the bees, and honey house.
With this nook of an acre, the wind
will blow over it and not cause a
draft through it, as a larger opening
would. Then these hills are loose
sand, and I have another use for them,
but more anon. We consider this out-
side protection essential, no matter
whether we winter indoors or out.
With chaff packed bees in this inclos-
ure they will have manj' chances to fly
during sunny days in winter, when it
would be suicidal for them to venture
out where they have no protection from
the wind; and these little chances to
fly during the winter, giving uneasy
colonies a chance to have a cleansing
flight, coupled with good stores, appear
to be the key to successful wintering-
in chaff. Then the bees we winter in-
side need this same protection, espe-
cially during the cold bad weather of

358

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

spring, when the combs are full of
brood, and, perhaps, only a scant
number of bees to take care of it.

Colonies in sing-le-walled hives need
all the protection it is possible to give
them.

WINTER STORES MUST BE OF THE BEST.

We are having forced upon us, more
and more, every year, the importance
of quality of winter stores. Those
who have kept track of my previous
wintering know I have had quite a
large experience with bees in differ-
ent localities, thus having a chance to
test the different kinds of honeys for
winter stores, such as clover, bass-
wood, raspberry. buckwheat and
asters. During several years I have
had, each year, yards of bees winter-
ing on these different kinds of honey;
that is, one yard would have white
honey, another aster or buckwheat.
So you see, I could compare the results
each springs, and, as the winters were
the same in each yard, the results
could be figured out easil}', with a
little allowance for outside protection,
as the case might be. Now for the
results: "Did the bees all live with the
best stores ?" "No." "Did they die
with the poor stores?" "No." But
the percentage was very much in favor
of the white, early honey for winter
stores, every time. With a mild win-
ter the difference is not so great, but a
cold winter, like last winter, or like
one we get every two or three years. It
is almost sure death to a colony if
they have nothing but this poor fall
honey to winter on.

WINTER STORES MUST BE OF THE BEST.

I do not think I can do better tlian
give some figures, showing the results
from two yards, otherwise the same,
only one was fed ten pounds of sugar
syrup per colony, in addition to what
natural stores they already had.
These yards were the Eldred, and the
Pine Lake. Both yards had the same
grade of honey, part buckkwheat and

aster and a part white early honey.
As there was no honey extracted from
the brood-nests there was no difference
in the quality of these stores that I
know of. We fed the Eldred yard 150
pounds sugar syrup, all to light stocks,
as thej' needed this amount to carry
them through the winter. The Pine
Lake colonies were all fed 10 pounds
each in addition to what natural stores
they already had. This feeding was
done the last of September, about the
time the brood was getting pretty well
hatched out, and, as it is natural for
bees to carry the outside honey into
the center of the brood-nest at that
time of year, it would be natural that
thev would store this sugar syrup
there also, just where wanted for
their winter consumption. These two
yards contained 98 colonies each, a
year ago, all in chaff hives, with
about the same outside protection.
You will remember that last winter
was very severe on bees, especially
those wintered out side. The result
was that the sugar fed bees came out
with 80 good fair colonies alive, while
the other had only 65; and a part of
these so weak that they did not amount
to anything for our early harvest. I
will carry the crop report of these two
yards out in dollars and cents, then
we can better understand what I con-
sider that I realized on an investment
of less than $50 in sugar. As the
honey is all sold I find that the Pine
Lake yard (sugar fed) credited with
S658, while the Eldred has a credit of
only $320. In addition, the winter
losses were all made up at the sugar-
fed yard, while there were only 25
made at the Eldred. Had I have made
up the balance of the winter loss, these
figures would have been lowered to
quite an extent.

WINTERING BEES IN CLAMPS.

You will remember I told you above
that we were locating a yard of bees,
inclosed on three sides with light sand

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

359

hills. If you turn to the frontispiece
of this number of the Review you will
understand the object better, perhaps
than I can explain it. This is the
mode of wintering- we have adopted at
three of our yards, where over 300
colonies will be wintered this way.
Dampness seems to be the one great
thing- to avoid with this mode of
wintering. The first essential is a
loose, sandy soil. We like a g-ood
slope to the ground, then dig our trench
up and down the hill, with surface
drains on each side, to carry off any
surplus water that may accumulate.
It is also necessary to have as much
slope to the cover of dirt as we can
have. We keep throwing on sand as
long as it will stay in place; or, in
other words, the last shovelfulls will
not stay on, but roll down. With this
steep cover I do not think there will
any water get through the covering.
If you turn to the frontispiece again
you will see, after the trench is dug,
6 or 8 inches of straw is tramped down
in the bottom, then 2x4 scantling are
placed on the straw, the right distance
apart to set the hives on. The hives
are now put in without bottoms. We
also raise up one end of the cover, and
slide towards one end until the cleat
rests on the end of the hive, so as to
give upward as well as lower ventila-
tion. Then we put on the cross.
pieces and rails or poles, then a good
coat of straw. A four-inch ventilation

is placed in the center of the pit. Then
we are ready for the dirt. You will
notice that the cut shows a pit running
parallel with the hill. This is wrong,
as the surface water working down the
hill keeps the bees damp, and causes
mould to accumulate in the pit, and in
some of the hives. As to the best num-
ber to bury in a pit I have known of
good results all the way from 1 to 96;
but, some of my neighbors have not
had quite as good results with so
large a number as this, and as they
nearly all report good results with
about 30, I shall put in about that
number. About that straw on the bot-
tom of the pit. I have asked a good
many what object there was for this
bottom straw, and all have said they
did not know, so we have been bury-
ing some without straw in the bottom,
and securing good results, and we
shall not use any there this fall.
When digging them out in the spring
I have always noticed that this straw
was wet and mouldy, and when there
was no straw, the ground would be
dry, and the lower part of the hive
would be in better shape. Neither
shall We use any ventilation hereafter,
as the bees seem to winter just as well,
or better, without it. We pit the bees
in the last half of November, and set
them out the first half April — about the
same as cellar-wintered bees are
handled.

Remus, Mich., Oct. 7, 1904.

BY G. F. SMITH.

FOR the ordinary mortal to undertake
to make monthly visits to hund-
reds of customers, mixed up with from
3,000 to 5,000 people, without some
system, would mean unbearable con-

fusion. The key to success in any
business is system.

In large cities the territory should be
divided up so that each salesman
would have at least 3,000 people.

560

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Unite on lines and prices, and go
ahead. Divide your territory into
equal routes, by wards or streets.
Thus you will cover the ground by
running two days in each week.
Make a chart of 3'our routes, in the
back of your book, showing the days
of the month when you will visit each
ward. The chart would be something
like this:

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
ist ward 5 2-30 28 25 23 20 Friday

B.C.& D.sts 96 4 1-29 27 24 Tues

4th ward 12 9 7 4 2-20 27 Friday

5th ward 16 13 II 8 6 31 Tues.

Tuesdays and Fridays are the two
best days. Monday is wash-daj', and,
Saturday, they take to the wash-tub
themselves, and dress for the street.

You cannot lay out a route for each
day on the start, for it will take up two
days to work up the territori^ of each
of your one-day routes. Then, if, from
lack of time, sickness or storms, you
fail to get over a route as per charted
day, you can finish on the next daj'.
Be as punctual as possible. Get into
the habit of seeing every customer
every four weeks to a day.

KEEPING TRACK OF CUSTOMERS AND
THEIR ACCOUNTS.

I have tried many ways of keeping
track of my honey customers and their
little debts, but consider the method I
have been using the past year the only
one worth mentioning. My day book
is 314:^8)4 inches, should be as wide as
will go in the upper, outside, coat
pocket, and not cost over 10 cents.
When you get well established in busi-
ness, you will need one book for each
route; until then you can make one
book answer by dividing it into eight
equal parts. These books are ruled,
but I put the date at the top of the
page, together with the name of the
route I am working in, thus: "1st
ward, August 5." The first entry is
the amount of change (cash) on hand,
which is put in the money column at
the right, and a line drawn under it.

All cash sales are entered, underneath
with the name or house number of
customer on the middle line. All un-
paid items are placed at the left iti
what was intended for the date column.
Many pay up for one or two pails, and
go in debt for another, in which case
their line will have a cash entry at
each end. Few ask for credit, but I
usually urge them to buy on a month's
credit, for the sake of making a sale
or two to introduce some fine honey,
but I give all to understand that I do
not wish to run accounts, and that my
system of book-leeping will not admit
of it.

The business of this one-day route
will cover two or three pages of the
book. The next time over the route I
begin in the book just where I left off,
going over the route in the same rota-
tion, using the record of the previous
month for a guide. If from any cause,
a person does not pay the last month's
bill, I trmisfer the name and
the amount forward into today's
business at the time I pass the
house; thus all dues are in a nutshell,
and I never have to turn back
to look them up. When they are
paid I draw a mark across the amount,
and bring it down into the money
column of the day in which it is paid.
The sum of the amounts of the right
hand column, except the cash on hand
item at the top, will be the cash re-
ceived during the day, and will be the
cash debtor entry on the cash account
at home. This amount with the cash
on hand item at the top, minus the
amount I have paid out during the day
(which should be kept track of in the
memorandum book, and credit to the
cash account at night), will correspond
with the amount of cash in my pocket,
provided I have made no mistakes dur-
ing the day nor lost any money. In
many wajs the satisfaction afforded
by this method is very great.

If you sell honey only, you need no
other book on the road; but if you

THE BEE-KEEPERS' "REVIEW

361

handle butter, eg'g's, berries, etc., to
weekly' customers whose husbands are
lawyers, doctors or other professional
men, most of whom make it a point
never to leave a cent of money in the
house, you will keep reg"ular accounts
with them, and climb the stairs to their
offices every 30 days. The best book to
keep these accounts in is the little red
index book, (lettered along- the margin).
I use the smallest sized pencils, carry-
ing one in each book.

For a ledger book at home, I keep
my accounts in a book 7x11 which cost
me 4 cents at our "racket store." In
this book I keep the "cash account,"
"grocery and livingexpenses, " "doctor
bills and dentistry," "poultry account, "
"dairy," "bees and honejs" and "fruit
accounts."

MELTING HONEY WITHOUT SCORCHING
IT.

We buy and store honey in the 60-
pound cans, and melt it up the day
before the sale, two cans at a time, in
the boiler. We have a wooden, slat-
sling, with wire bails, for each cati.
There is a screw-ej'e in the joist over
the stove to attach a set of small blocks
or even a lever, for lifting- the cans.
The honey is put on the stove early in
the morning-, and when the water gets
as hot as you can bear your hand in,
we raise the boiler an inch or tivo and
are careful that \\. gets no hotter. We
pour the honey through a flour sack
strainer into a tin can; and run it into
the bottles and pails through an inch,
oil faucet, while hot. The g-lassed,
and most of the comb honey, g-oes to
the g-roceries and meat markets; but
for my customers I want 120 pounds of
extracted to 10 pounds of comb honey,
in cartons; for if I sell ripe extracted
honey at a shilling, and comb at 18
cents to 20 cents, the chances are that
the extracted honey will be gone first.
Sell your poorest hone}' to bakers, sec-
ond class boarding houses and big
amllies, at any old price, in the 60

pound cans. The past year I packed
my pails in the wooden honey jackets,
and if I brought any of it, or any of
the glassed honey, home, I put it in a
three-cornered cupboard in the hottest
corner of the kitchen.

WHAT MUST BE DONE TO SECURE CUS-
TOMERS.

Not every person likes honey, but
there are enough in every 5,000 to con-
sume from 15,000 to 20,000 pounds of
ripe extracted honey each year, but you
have got to take it to their doors, show
them what you have, and, if necessary
to remove a lot of false impressions,
let them sample it. It's the only way
to sell large amounts. You can't de-
pend on mail and telephone orders for
selling extracted honey, from adver-
tising. Nearly all people are preju-
diced against extracted honey, from
helving eaten an unripe or improperly
handled article. I want to impress it
upon producers that, although they
have sold lots of unripe honey, they
can't always, do it. I myself have
bought honey by the ton of men who
cati't sell me any more. The best honey
I ever bought had to remain in the
combs until I got the cans empty from
a former lot and sent back. Such
honey is worth five cents a pound more
for my table, or my trade, than is half-
capped stuff.

WORKING UP A ROUTE.

When you get ready to work up a
new territory, begin at the end of the
street and canvass every house. Find
out who use honey and who do not.
You will make quicker work and more
sales by carrying a pail or two in your
hands and a good sample in glass in
your pocket. Some cold day in Sep-
tember is the best time to commence,
and if yon have a good article you ought
to sell a pail of some size at every third
house, and get orders to call at an-
other third the next trip. Usually I
pay no further attention to the other
third, though in many cases, where

362

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

there are children, some missionary
work ought to be done.

York's leaflets are good for nearly all
cases, but there ought to be a leaflet
issued on purpose for those hard-
hearted old heathen who refuse to get
honey for their teasing children.

That they may learn what your bus-
iness is, all are pleased to see you the
first time over a route, and it is very
pleasant. The second, and all subse-
quent times, you go only where you
have business, and this ought to give a
peace of mind that never comes to the
ordinary mortal, who peddles potatoes
and apples by the peck, and who has
to judge of his chances for success by
the looks of a house on the outside

Besides putting down the amounts
paid, or unpaid, against the name or
house number, on your book, put
down all numbers for "calls" on your

next trip, and in their natural order.
Commit names and numbers to memory
as soon as possible.

Be neat, courteous and expeditious,
and go through your work with vim
and earnestness. There is something
about the action of a hustler that
stimulates other people to action. No
two are alike. Go at each one differ-
ently. Don't ask them if they "want
to buy some honey." Of course they
don't until you make them want what
you have, and then they will buy with-
out asking. Don't beg for buyers.
Be independent.

I repeat, that it takes two days to
work up a one-day route. In a short
time j'ou can add another. Three
one-da.y routes should consume 500
pounds weekly, or 15,000 pounds in
thirty weeks.

Chp:boygan, Mich., Aug. 22, 1904.

-HCOtHITSi^

BY A. W. SMITH.

MR. Editor, I have just read Mr.
Townsend's article, (Page 326).
on how to get better prices for honey.
Usually I consider anything from his
pen of great value to bee-keepers, but
in this case it seems to me he is away
off. In one breath he says, "sell your
own honey" (which I think is sensible
advice), in the next he says, "the
commission man is here to stay, and
fills a niche we can ill affurd to dis-
pense with." He says the most prac-
tical method for the bee-keeper, no
matter where he lives, is to sell his
honey to the commission man's cus-
tomers. Ivet me tell you the bee-
keeper can't do this. If he attempts it
he will find the commission man will

beat him every time. And why
shouldn't he ? He has nothing in-
vested, but has a few tons of Mr.
Townsend's honey on commission. It
was sent to him to sell, and it will be a
safe bet that he will get rid of it. I
would just like to see Mr. Townsend
get any of the commision man's cus-
tomers. I will guarantee that he
would find it hard sledding. This
more particularly refers to comb
honey, as commission men handle com-
paratively little extracted honey, be-
cause buffers, as a rule, have not confi-
dence enough to buy it of them. Mr.
Townsend speaks of another middle
man, the spot-cash buyer, but he kills
him off at a single stroke of the pen —

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

363

yet can "ill afford to dispense with
the commission man." Mr. Town-
send admits the commission man con-
sumes SO per cent, in freight, cartage,
graftage, breakage and commission,
yet is not willing the spot-cash buyer
buyer shall have even Y2 cent per
pound profit for his trouble and hard
work in drumming up trade in compe-
tition with commissioned goods. lie
usually must put forth 20 timjs the
effort the commission mnn does. He
must, in a way, educate th.^ people as
regards the purity uf his iioney, etc.
I have k'-own a c )minission man to
tell p cusromer that such a lot of comb
hiney (i.ainii g an extra fane..' lot).
was no doubt manufactured, fvjr, said
he, the bees do not make it as nice,
smooth and clean, yet it sells because
it "looks nice." The->e are tlie men
that are here to stay, and "tiil a
niche." If they knew anything about
the im[:ossibility of mm making comb
houej', th:'y would not waste their time
eiUicating people about the purity of
honey; they don't need to, they have
tb.e goods to sell, and if they do not
bring ■ ne jirice, they must go at an-
otlur, and w<je to the bee-keeper, or
casli buyer, who comes in competition
wi;h them. But the strangest thing to
me is, that bee-keepers encourage this
method of doing business, and seem to
do their utmost to choke off the cash
buj'ers. Do you wish to know the
remedj' ? First, let every bee-keeper
sell his own honey, which he can do
for spot cash. The commission men
will bu_v if thej' can't get it on commis-
sion; but are not the fools to buy when
they can get it without. Second, do
all j'ou can to encourage the cash
bu3'er. Do not begrudge him the Yi
cent per pound he must make to live.
Don't charge him \2% cents per pound
for extracted honey, and 16' cents per
pound for comb, at your depot (as has
been done in some instances this year),
but sell to him as cheap as you can
afford to. In other words, do all you can

conatstently to encourage him, and do
all you can to discourage the co-i.n:s-
sion man, or turn him in*: 3 a cash
buyer. If you encoura:;-e thicjmnis-
sion men by makin ,■■ t le.n s'lip.nents,
you surely a-e kiiiiiig off the cash
buyers. I nj'e tait sjui co n nission
men h iv-e -e ,'un '^uvi 1^ this year — it's a
gj.T 1 sl^n Boys, stirv? thetn out, or
turn llie n int>cash buyers. No one
ue;d be a''raid oi !e,s;ltiinatc competi-
tioi, but noci>sh buyer can compete
with commissioned goods. Do not
think I wish to intimate that; commis-
sion m -n are not honest. I believe
there are honest ones. I also believe
there are five-leaved clovers, but I have
lived 6i years, and have yet to see my
first five-leaved clover. There is a
g lod book that says "we will buy and
sell and make gain, " but I have not
seen where it says we will get honey
on commission and ride in our automo-
bile. It seems to me that with the
supply trust at one end, and the com-
mission men at tlie other, the poor bee-
keeper, after passing between these
two rolls, has not much left but the ex-
pense. Now, brother bee-keepers, you
h ive given the commission method a
fair trial, why not try the "spot-cash"
plan V Then you either have your
honey or your money ? But if your
year's work is in someone else's hands,
what have you ? I firmly believe if all
commission men were forced to become
cash buyers bee-keeping would be on a
more solid foundation, and "spot-
cash" buyers, would soon be plentiful,
and the more the better for all con-
cerned But do not think cash buyers
will rush to the country to pay good
uKjney for your honey that they may
bring it to cities to sell in competition
with those who have not risked a
penny, but are sure of good pay in any
event. Their number is legion. One
poor countryman wondered how they
all lived. Why, said one, "we live off
the country half the year — and off each
other the other half. ' ' Don't think cash

364

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

buyers are fools, and, do not for a mo-
ment think the commission men are, if
you do, 'tis onlj^ necessary to com-
mence with, say, the Aug-ust number
(any year) of any of the Bee Journals,
and read carefully until, say, April
1st, the market reports and free adver-
tising given the commission men.
Note how adroitly all are worded, see
how gently and carefully the bee-
keeper is dropped — and — proceeds
pocketed — and — what are you going to
do about it ?

Birmingham, Mich. Oct. 22, 1904.

[I did not get the idea from Mr.
Townsend's article that the honey pro-
ducer was to enter into an actual, bid-
ding contest with the commission man,
but, rather, that he was to seek out
and cater to the class of trade that
usually buys its honey of a commission
man, or a jobber. Even if the pro-
ducer sells his honey at the same price

as the commission man sells his honey,
there is a saving of freight, cartage
and commission. It is probably true,
as Mr. Townsend said, that the com-
mission man will continue to fill his
niche, and, for the reason given by Mr.
Townsend, viz., that there is a class
of bee-keepers who don't care to put
forth any effort to sell their own crop.
It is true that the commission man has
not the incentive that the cash buj'er
has to hold up the price; at the same
time it is true that men have realized
more for their honey when sold on
commission than when sold out and
out. The man who planks down the
hard cash for honey must save to him-
self a wide margin, much wider than
is needed by the man who puts no
money into the deal. I agree with Mr.
Smith that to sell honey for cash down
is, as a rule, more satisfactory, and
that we should do all wecan to encour-
age cash buyers. — Ed. Review.]

^^^>"^>^^^|

BY A. G. MILLER.

TN the October Review the editor and
-^ Mr. Lathrop made some comments
on wintering which have led me to put
in my oar.

POSITION OF STORES IMPORTANT.

There are some points in Mr. La-
throp's article which deserve special
emphasis. Quantit5' of stores is pretty
well understood; quality is more in-
definite in the minds of many; but the
need of having the stores in the right
place is almost unknown. Notwith-
standing all that has been written
about it, no impression appears to
have been made.

If the combs are not changed about
after the bees have put the stores in
them, and if the hive is not turned
about on the bottom board so as to
change the relative position of the en-
trance, the stores are sure to be in the
proper place for the best results. The
bees know far more of this than we do.
Fall feeding of a little honey or syrup
often enables the bees to perfect such
placing when they have been stopped
by frost or other natural interference.

In the same issue Mr. Townsend at-
tributes the favorable results of such
fall feeding to sugar syrup, whereas,
honey given under the same conditions

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

365

would have done equally as well, and
if the bees of his Eldred yard had been
able to secure sufficient stores from the
fields he would have found that yard
equal to or superior to the other.

IMPORTANCE OF VIGOROUS OUERNS.

An old queen does not affect the win-
tering- of a colony, but does seriously
afifect early breeding-. The increase
of bees ni a colony from January 1 to
April 1 is far greater than is ordin-
arily supposed, and that such increase
may be at the maximum, it is best to
have a vigorous queen at the head of
the colony when it goes into winter
quarters. I use the term vigorous in-
stead of young, because many a queen
at the end of her second season (and
sometimes the third) is quite as g-ood
as a very young queen.

Young bees in abundance are very
important. Many a colony, populous
in the fall, comes out in the spring-
small, merely because few if any
young bees were reared in the late
summer or early fall. The old bees
die oft" during- the winter and there are
not enough young ones to carry on
proper brood rearing- during that
time.

In the average northern locality, all
stocks with good queens will rear
young at a time suitable to furnish
bees of the right age for good winter-
ing. Often, however, through man's
intervention, such breeding- is pre-
ventad or interferred with, and when
fall arrives, man steps in and com-
bines his colonies until they "are
strong enough for winter," quite for-
getting the age-factor, which factor, by
the way, cannot be accurately deter-
mined unless it is positively known
when brood emerged. Even if man
knows the age of the bees in the stocks
he is to unite, it is quite beyond his
abilities to make such union in the
same proportion of ages as those ex-
isting in a normal colony.

The remedy for troubles from such
causes lies in the early replacing of

failing- queens, and in the early union
of depleted stocks. And, by the way,
that English term "stock," signify-
ing an established colony, is far more
convenient than the latter three syl-
labled word.

Mr. Lathrop would have done well
to have put special stress on the "all
summer'' preparation.

DYSENTERY A PREVENTABLE GERM
DISEASE.

Dysentery is a preventable, germ-
disease. The g-erms seem to be g-ener-
ally present in the intestines of the
bees, but cause trouble only under
special conditions. The disease may
appear in midsummer, or at any other
time under conditions readily con-
trolled by the student.

Fermented stores do not of themselves
canse dysentery, but, coupled with
efforts to maintain proper temperature,
they produce the disease very quickly.

Inability to maintain proper brood-
nest temperature, or, perhaps, I should
say to maintain normal body tempera-
ture, will soon cause its appearance,
be the food ever so good.

With a dry hive, abundance of youth-
ful bees, and a plentiful supply of 0x3'-
gen under the bees' control, they will
resist the malign influence of poor food
to a remarkable degree.

Right here I wish to refer to the
editor's mention of paper protection for
out door wintering.

THE PROPER METHOD OF PROTECTING
BEES WITH TARRED PAPER.

I believe I was the inventor or dis-
coverer, of the system, and I have sev-
eral times stated what seem to be the
principles which cause it to be so ben-
eficial, but, as some persons have
seemed, when trying- it, to have over-
looked one or more factors (important
in any form of out-door wintering),
and have attributed their failure to the
black paper, I wish to emphasize those
details. Tarred paper laid over a hive
and folded down about it, just as one

^66

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

would wrap a bundle, and with the
lower edges fastened down with strips
of wood tacked on, gives a water and
wind-proof protection. With this
should be coupled, besides the "colony
conditions," before mentioned, an
abundance of ventilation at the en-
trance. I give an entrance /4 x 14
inches.

The tarred paper accomplishes this,
keeps out water, keeps out wind, ab-
sorbs the sun's rays, which runs up
temperature within the hive, thus driv-
ing out any condensed moisture, and
enabling the bees to feed, clean house,
and move about. When the sun is
gone it lets that heat escape so slowly
that the bees have abundant time to
settle dovs'n as they should.

Bees do not fly unduly from hives
thus protected, and so ventilated, and
such bees as do fly and fail to return,
are those which otherwise would die
within the hive.

When I first published this system I
especially cautioned all persons north
of here to go slowly in their experi-
ments with it, as I was then uncertain
as to how it would work in more se-
vere climates. From experiments, by
myself and others, since that time, I
am satisfied that the system will be as
effectiye many degrees north of here,
as it is here and further south.

Tarred paper is no more effective
than chaff in keeping the bees warm,
but it does serve to give them heat
whenever the sun shines, which is what
chaff hives absolutely prevent. If
colonies filled the chamber within a
chaff' hive, then its packed walls would
conserve the heat of the bees, but the
bees occupy only a small part of such
chamber, and the space all about
them — air, combs, honey, and all— is
practically no warmer than the air
without the hive. I believe that bees
winter well in chaff hives, in spite of
the chaff, not on account of it. They
will winter perfectly in hives but one-
quarter inch thick, exposed to a tem-

perature 26 below zero, and holding be-
low zero for a week at a time, if condi-
tions of bees, food, ventilation, etc.,
are right; and they die just as dead in
chaff hives as they do in any other.

THE DISADVANTAGE OF CHAFF HIVES.

Chaff hives heat through very
slowly, and in the short winter days
they do not heat through. Unpro-
tected hives heat through readily, and
cool quickly. Tarred paper, on
single-walled hives, corrects the faults
of both hives.

When the bees break their cluster
and spread their brood-nest in the
spring, at which time they warm the
whole brood chamber, then chaff pack-
ing is a real help and an eidvantage
over an unprotected hive. But tarred
paper accomplishes the same with the
additional help of gathering heat from
without whenever the sun shines.

The wintering problem is one of
many details, not of any one alone. It
is too late now to do much to help out
poor stocks, but the black covering
will help all very much. But don't
forget the abundant ventilation at the
entrance,

If some will devise or discover some
equally wind- and water-proof protec-
tion that is cleaner to handle and more
durable in use than is tarred paper,
he will do us a world of good. But it
must possess similar felt-like proper-
ties and be black.

Providence R.I., Oct., 21, 1904.

[This question of the position of
stores, while not entirely new, has re-
ceived very little attention. When bees
are wintered out of doors, it certainly
must be of much importance — in a warm
cellar it does not seem as though it
would be of nearly so much importance.
Whether the feeding of ten pounds of
honey, instead of sugar, in Mr. Town-
send's case, would have produced the
same results, is doubtful in the mind
of The Editor.]

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

367

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Three Cei>its Is the price of the
Columbia jar — not two cents as g^iven
by Mr. Smitli in his article of last
month — that was error.

^'•MPm^^P-af-mJi

Mr. Geo. W. Brodbeck has pub-
licly withdrawn his candidacy for the
Secretaryship. This leaves the office
without a nominee, and everybody free
to vote for just whomsoever they
please.

*.»*^M^^*ft^^fc"

Minnesota bee-keepers will hold
their l9th annual convention December
7th and 8th, in the First Unitarian
church, corner of 8th street and Mary
Place, Minneapolis. A good prog"ram
is being- prepared, and G. W. York
and E. R. Root are expected to be
present. Mr. Root will give a stereop-
ticon lecture on the evening of the first
day.

«^J<^«^K'»-».»lt«

House- Apiaries are reg-arded as ob-
solete, but the December Review will
contain several illustrations and de-
scriptions of house apiaries now in use,
some of the factors in their management
being decidedly novel. For instance,
one man is able to tell when any stock
is making preparations for swarming,
without so much as taking a comb
from a hive.

tWUP «^^<Xrf*«^

Mistakes, or the fear of making
them, ought not to retard one's pro-
gress, but often 'tis the cause. I be-
lieve it is said of Geo. B. McClellan,
at one time commander-in-chief of the
Union army, during the war of the
rebellion, that he was so afraid of
making mistakes, so careful, that he
practically did nothing at all with the
army. Don't be afraid of making

mistakes. We all make them, all of
us that do anything, in fact, it has
been said that the man who never made
a mistake never made anything else.
Plan to the best of your ability, but
don't let the fear of making mistakes
prevent you from making progress.

^,»fc"'»Afc»«.»»^

The Harmoniousness that prevailed
at the St. Louis convention is re-
garded by the American Bee-Keeper as
"not a very broad claim for a National
Association." Perhaps not, but when
a man has attended two conventions in
which the principal topic was a sort of
"scrap," it certainly was gratifying to
hold a convention upon the burying
ground of the hatchet.

»'u«»^m^»^'^;i

The Report of the General Manager
of the National Association, together
with a report of the St. Louis conven-
tion, has been printed, and I presume
it will reach the members before this
copy of the Review is in the hands of
its readers. It is a book of nearly 200
pages, giving a list of the "cases"
looked after and defended or settled by
the General Manager, his financial
statement for the year, the constitution
of the Association, a verbatim report
of the proceedings of the convention,
and about 20 pages of advertisements
of the leading dealers in supplies, etc.
It is a book that would, ordinarily, sell
for at least half a dollar, yet it will
cost the members only 20 cents a copy,
including postage. I don't mean that
members will have to pay that in order
to get a copy, but that is what it costs
to print and mail them. Any member
will be able to sit by his fireside, and
read all that was said and done at the
St. Louis convention. He can also see

368

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

who are members, where they live, how
many bees they keep and how much
honey they produced this year. If you
are not a member, better send $1.00
to N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., and
become a member. Then you will re-
ceive a copy of the report, and a neat
button, the emblem of the order, to
wear on your coat.

THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION SHOULD
DEVOTE MORE OF ITS MONEY AND EN-
ERGIES TO ADVERTISING HONEY,
PROSECUTING ADULTERATORS
AND KILLING DAMAGING
STORIES.

The Bee-Keepers' Union was org'an-
ized, years ag"o, with the sole object of
protecting its members who got into
trouble with their neighbors regarding
their bees. The Union was finally
merged into the National, but the "de-
fense" idea has still been kept upper-
most. But times change, and it is
rapidly becoming apparent that there
are other things of more importance
than that of spending mone}' on what
are often little more than neig^hbor-
hood squabbles in which the bees are
made an excuse for a lawsuit. Too
many are not careful with their bees
to avoid trouble; not so careful as they
would be were they not members of
the Association; as they expect to be
helped if they get into trouble. The
helping of a man out of trouble does
not, as a rule, greatly benefit the mem-
bership. I would not say that no
member should be helped when suit is
brought against him in regard to his
bees, as there will probably arise
cases in which it will be highly impor-
tant that help be given, but it is very
important that, in some way, the reins
be drawn tighter upon the using of
money for this class of work. Not only
does it use monev, but these little
wrangles take the time and energies of
the Manager, and they can be used to
better advantage in other ways. For

instance, the advertising and popular-
izing of honey would be of value to the
entire membership. The same might
be said of the prosecution of adulter-
ators of honey, and of some of the edi-
tors who so persistently repeat the
silly stories about artificial comb
honey. The gathering of statistics,
the advertising of honey, the pun-
ishing of adulterators, and also of
the defamers of our product, the secur-
ing of needed legislation, the scatter-
ing of educational leaflets and other
educational literature, these, and simi-
lar things, are more desirable for ac-
complishment than the defending of
some man who has got into a quarrel
with his neighbor, in many cases a
quarrel that he might have avoided.

THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.

Quite a number of the editorials in
this issue refer to the National Asso-
ciation matters. The same might he
said of some of the other issues of the
Review for this year. I think, how-
ever, that too much cannot be said or
done to up-build the Association — to
remove objectionable features, and en-
courage the ones that are desirable.
The Association is rapidly becoming
an apicultural power. It isn't a dozen
years ago when it was simply the hold-
ing of a convention in one part of the
country, then in another part the next
year. The attendance was about
three-fonrths local, and these local
members dropped out the next year.
See how it has broadened, and branched
out, and taken up new features, and
now holds its members year after year,
besides adding new ones, until it now
numbers 2,000. Lack of experience
upon the part of the officers and mem-
bers has caused some friction, but,
gradually, the rough places are becom-
ing smooth, and the Association is
rapidly becoming a real help to bee-
keepers. I have faith that it will yet
help them directly in the marketing
of their honey and the buying of their

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

369

supplies. All these things come
slowly, and we must have patience.

It^U'U^^'^'^L"

KEEPING BEES IN LARGE NUMBERS —

ARTICLES WANTED ON THE

SUBJECT.

Notwithstanding the little apparent
interest taken in this subject by some
of the journals, I know from corres-
pondence and from conversation with
bee-keepers, that many of them are
seriously contemplating the keeping of
more bees, of establishing out-apiaries,
and making a specialty of bee-keeping.

The establishment and management
of out-apiaries bring in new factors,
and usually call for a complete change
of plans. Taking care of a few colon-
ies of bees, and managing hundreds of
colonies scattered about in several api-
aries, are so far different that they
might almost be called different occu-
pations. The man beginning to build
up out-apiaries has almost as much to
learn as has the man beginning to
build up his first apiary.

With a view to helping these bee-
keepers who are about to branch out
and enlarge their businesses, I would
be pleased to receive articles from men
who have had experience in managing
large nnmbers of colonies. Here are
some of the points I would like taken
up.

Number of colonies in the home-api-
arj' that will justify the starting of an
out-apiary; how far apart shall apiar-
ies be located; how shall locations be
selected; what arrangements with the
owner of the land are most desirable;
what method of travel is best in visit-
ing out-apiaries; how shall hives be
secured for increase, bought of the
manufacturer, or made by the bee-
keeper; how shall the increase be made
or secured (this is important); what
kind of honey shall be produced, comb
or extracted, and why; how shall the
swarming problem be solved; shall
there be a good building and a set of

tools at each yard, or shall there be a
tent and tools carried from yard to
yard; how shall help be secured to do
the work, shall wages be paid, or a
share of the product given; shall
the bees be wintered out of doors,
or in cellars, (one at each yard)
or shall they be brought home and
wintered in one large cellar, and then
carted back in the spring? What are
the greatest obstacles to be overcome
in managing bees in large numbers?
What are the things that you know
now, that you didn't know when you
began establishing out-apiaries, that
would have been of the greatest help
toj'ou if you had known them?

There are, of course, many other
points besides the ones mentioned;
these are given more as hints or sug.-
gestions, and not to be followed liter-
ally. I would like to have each writer
goon and tell those things that, accord-
ing to his experience, will be of the
most benefit if known by the man who
is beginning to branch out and keep
more bees.

For such articles as I use, I will pay
liberally, in cash.

QUEENS AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON
SUCCESS IN BEE CULTURE.
(Read at the Ontario Bee Convention.)
I expect it will be called heresy, but,
many times, when reading extravant
expressions about "the whole of bee-
keeping centering upon the queen, " I
have felt like exclaiming: "Other
things being equal, one queen is as
good as another. ' ' This may be put-
ting it stronger than it will bear; be-
sides, it does not exactly express my
meaning. Perhaps I cannot make my-
self exactly understood, but I will try.
It is not so much what a queen is her-
self, as what her ancestors were; or,
rather, what her bees are. That is,
she may be an insignificant looking
specimen, may have been reared in a
manner wholly at variance with the

3^0

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

established principles of queen rear-
ing-, may be one of those short lived
affairs whose da3's are soon numbered,
yet, if she comes from the right stock,
her bees, whatever may be the number
of which she becomes the mother, are
just as good bees as can be produced. In
other words, there is no system of
queen rearing that will improve a
strain of bees. Tr}' and not inisunder-
stand me. To be sure, we must have
queens that are sufficiently prolific to
keep the brood nests full of brood at a
time of the year when this is desirable;
and possessed of a longevity that will
enable them to perform this feat two or
more seasons; having this, what more
is needed ? As a rule, the honey pro-
ducer need trouble his head very little
about the rearing of queens. The
bees will attend to that, and rear just
as good queens as are needed. If his
queens don't fill the brood-nests in the
required season, how much more prac-
tical to simply reduce the size of his
brood-nests until the queens do fill
them, instead of ransacking the earth
for more prolific queens, or else by
twisting, turning, and shifting about
of combs, endeavor to make one queen
lay an increased number of eggs.

As I look at the matter, in the light
in which I am discussing it, the queen
is simply the vehicle of transmission
from one generation to another. It is
the qualities to be transmitted, rather
than the vehicle of transmission, that
should receive our attention. To illus.
trate: A man has a strain of bees that
are of little value as honey gatherers.
Can he, by any sort of "jugglery" at
queen rearing, transform them into en-
erg-ectic workers ? Something might
be done in the way of selection, but
not by methods of queen rearing.

Bee-keepers often tell how much
better are the bees from the queen se-
cured from this breeder than from the
queen bought of some other breeder; or
that the bees from the daughter of a
queen from a certain breeder are

superior to bees from the daughters of
some other queen, and have argued
from this that the queens, and the
manner in which they were reared,
caused the diff'erence in results. I say
no. The difference is in the strain of
bees, and not in the manner in which
the queens were reared.

That there are circumstances in
which much depends upon the queen it
is idle to dispute. Some of our best
bee-keepers have argued against extra
prolificness in queens, some of them
even going so far as to assert that pro-
lificness in the queen is at the expense
of quality in the bees; but that prolific-
ness is all inportant to the user of
larg'e brood-nests cannot be dodged.
He must have prolific queens, else one
half of his brood chamber is trans-
formed into a store-room. But this
extra prolificness is not secured by
some peculiar method of queen rearing,
but by selection — by rearing queens
from the colonies having the most pro-
lific queens. Here, again, the queen is
simply the vehicle for transmitting the
qualit}^ of prolificness from one gener-
ation to the other.

The age of queens may also have
some bearing upon success. Where
the harvest ends with white clover,
more surplus will be secured if the
bees do hot swarm; and colonies with
young queens are far less likely to
swarm. Then, again, young queens lay
much later in the fall, and this has a
bearing upon the subject of wintering,
as also does the time when they begin
la3'ing in the spring.

As I have already said, we need
queens sufficiently prolific to fill the
brood -nests with eggs at the season of
the year when this is desirable, and
possessed of a reasonable amount of
longevity. This secured, nothing
more needs consideration except the
stock from which they come. Naturally,
when a man buys a queen, he expects
to get the worth of his money. If he
buys her to rear queens from, he ex-

^HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

371

pects her to be able to endow her royal
oflfspring- with the qualities and
characteristics of her ancestors; and,
if she does this, he need not mourn if
she lives only long- enough to allow
him to secure a goodly number of her
daug-hters. If he buys queens in large
quantities to re-queen an apiary, he
has a right to feel that he has been
cheated if the queens live only a few
short months. The practical honey
producer has not this problem to solve.
Simply let the bees rear their own
queens, and they will be as good as
any. That queens can be reared arti-
ficially, equal to any, there is nodoubt.
Most certainly they can. How it can
be done has been repeatedly published.
As I have said in the beg^inning, we
have a lot of sayings something like
the following-: "Good queens are
the foundation of good bee-keeping-."
"Bee-keeping all centers about the
queen." "As the queen lays all the
eg-gs, of course, success depends upon
her." It is to combat such ideas as
these I have written. The queen is of
no more importance than the hive, the
combs, or the location. By importance
I mean, in this case, that which can
by some decision, or management of
the bee-keeper, be made to contribute
to his success.

SHALL PROSPECTIVE CANDIDATES BE
DISCUSSED IN ADVANCE OF NOM-
INATIONS ?

"When I saw that my term of office as
Director expired this year, and learned
by correspondence that Mr. Brodbeck
did not wish for re-election, it seemed
to me that I could do better work for
the Association as Secretary than I
could as Director, accordingly I sent
out a circular asking members to vote
for me as Secretary. This circular
was not sent to the whole membership,
as it would be quite expensive, and it
was thought the same results would be

secured if sent to only part of them.
Not sending it to all of them was a mis-
take. Perhaps sending it at all was a
mistake. At St. Louis there met men
who had received the circular, and
those who had not. They compared
notes, and scented a "scheme. " From
this there developed some ill-feeling
and dissension. Feeling that we had
had a great sufficiency of this of late,
I at once withdrew my candidacy.

Since then hints and reports have
come to me from vairious sources to the
effect that some of the men who opposed
my candidacy so vehemently, have since
been working "under cover" for the
election of another man. Whether or
not these reports are true, there ought
to be no occasion for such work.
There ought to be some honorable,
public method of discussing candidates
in advance of nomination. If some
man, or set of men, have some man
whom they wish to present as a pros-
pective candidate, there ought to be
some public method whereby it can be
done. If some one else has a candi-
date, let him be brought forward.
And so on to the end of the list. I
think all of this might be done in the
bee journals. In the past the candi-
dacy of certain men has been urged in
the bee journals, but nothing of the
kind has been done this year, and I
suppose the reason is that it was
thought that nominations in advance of
election would answer every purpose,
but they do not. In these nominating
ballots the members are as much at a
loss as to whom to vote for, as they
were formerly as to whom to vote for
at the regular election. Our nomina-
tions in advance of election enable us
to c sncentrate our votes upon two men
instead of scattering them among a
hundred or so. Before, it was simply
impossible to elect any man except
the man already in office; now it will
be possible to elect some other man if
we/>rif/6'r him, which is a decided ad-
vantage. Dr. Miller, as I understand

372

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

him, objects to the small number of
candidates (two) and would have a
larg-er number — how large I don't
know. His objection to the small num-
ber is that "wire pulling-" might nom-
inate a man who was not the choice of
the majority. Suppose six men are to
be nominated as candidates, couldn't
"wire pulling" elect one of these just
as easily as it could nominate a man?
In our State Associations, where
about the same men meet year after
year, and become well acquainted,, it is
possible to elect the best man to office,
but in the National Association there
is a lack of this intimate acquaintance
with all of the membership, and there is
a tendency to elect the most popular or
best known man — perhaps a man who
writes a great many articles, or the
editor of a bee journal. These men
may make good officers, and they may
not. Because a man is well-known
and popular is no sign that he would
make a good officer. Perhaps this is

not the time and place to discuss these
matters, but before another election, I
think they ought to be freely discussed.
It seems that I made a mistake in the
matter, and some decision ought to be
arrived at, that others may avoid simi-
lar mistakes.

One more word in closing: There were
two or three attempts, at the St Louis
convention, to secure the endorsement
of some man for some office. They
failed, and I think it well that they
did. It would have established a prec-
edent, and in time it would have come
to mean an election, if endorsed by the
National convention, thus practically
putting the power of election in the
hands of the convention, to remedy
which the constitution was recently
changed.

With patience and perseverance, we
will eventually straighten out this
snarl, just as we have straightened
some of the others in which the Nation-
al has become entangled.

EXTRACTED DEPARTMENT.

PROPOLIS.

How it Differs in Different Localities.

The following article from J. A.
Green, and printed in Gleanings,
shows how propolis differs:

Judging from the references to it in
the bee-journals, one would suppose it
to be the common belief that propolis
is a substance of uniform source, com-
position, and character. As a matter
of fact, since propolis is gathered, and
not secreted like beeswax, it varies
widely in its qualities, almost as much
so as honey, according to the source
from which it is gathered. If we will
bear this fact in mind we shall avoid
much misunderstanding.

As an illustration, the editor of the
Review announced some time ago that
lava soap would remove propolis from
the hands. One of the largest dealers
in bee-keepers' supplies, on the author-

ity of this, advertised this soap in his
catalogue. Important, if true. But
lava soap unaided will not remove the
brand of propolis that my bees gather.
On the other hand, there are localities
less than fifteen miles away where the
propolis can be readily washed from
the hands with any good soap and hot
water.

I usually get it oft" my hands by
soaping them well, then pouring on a
little aqua amonia, which, in connec-
tion with the soap, takes it off
readily.

Another good way, not quite so
pleasant, but easier on the skin, is to
rub the hands with kerosene, then use
soap. You may not need these things,
or they may not work with you. If
they do not, remember that there is
mjre in "locality" than some people
are willing to admit.

Whatever became of all the devices
for cleaning the propolis off from sec-
tions by machiner3' that occupied so
much space in the bee-journals several

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

373

years ag'o? Most of them would prob-
ably be of some use in puttins^ an
extra polish on sections when the pro-
polis was cold and brittle, but they
were of no use when it was soft and
sticky, and a very little honey on the
outside mof the section soon put them
out of CO mission.

Now we have a scheme for cleaning-
the propolis off from sections bj^ rub-
bing' them on a piece of coarse wire
cloth stretched tig-htly over a strong
frame. Perhaps I oug^ht not to con-
demn the plan without having" tried it,
but I am afraid it would be of little
use unless the propolis is cold and
brittle. In this country, at least, most
of the sections must be cleaned before
the propolis is in really good condi-
tion to scrape.

ADOPTING APICULTURE.

If We are Going to Make a Business of

Bee-Keeping, How Shall We Go at It

to Learn the Business?

There are probably some of the read-
ers of the Review who are keeping- bees
in a small way, only; and there may
be some of these who are thinking of
going into the busihess extensively;
and some of these may be asking them-
selves: "How shall I learn the busi-
ness ?" If there are any such, I know
of no better advice than that given
years ago by Mr. James Heddon in his
book "Success in Bee Culture" On
this subject he says: —

When one has decided to adopt bee-
keeping as a business, the question
may then well be asked, "how shall I
commence ?" I will give you my opin-
ions regarding the subject — opinions
based on experience.

In these remarks I shall suppose that
the sole purpose of adopting our pur-
suit is tliat of making money at a
reasonably agreeable calling-. For all
other classes I have nothing- to say.
But now let me consider the best way
to get properl}' started in the business,
With this, like all other pursuits, the
very first acquisition needed is a
knowledge of its laws and principles.
With this knowledge you will know
how to choose a good field. You will
know enough to choose one that is un-

occupied, and that you can likely hold
sole possession of. Besides these basic
principles, you will have an under-
standing of the detail manipulation of
the apiar3^

Now, in my judgment, the best way
to get possession of this knowledge,
which is .absolutely necessary to suc-
cess, is to do just as you would if you
were going to practice law, ship
building, rearing silk worms or
speckled trout, viz: Engage yourself
with some experienced and successful
business man of the same calling, and
with him and his fixtures study the
business both in theory and practice.
You will get your theory from the best
literatvire upon the subject, and social
converse with your employer. This
will increase your talent. You will
get your practical kiiowledge, made up
of thousands of methods, styles and
movements, by working at the busi-
ness and among its fixtures. That
knowlege will increase your tact.
Now, the reason why I suggested the
successful man only, is because this
tact is usually found in company with
success — in fact it is a parent of suc-
cess, and is to a certain degree catch-
ing, and the ways and means adopted
by the man of tact, are authors of suc-
cess.

During this apprenticeship you must
mingle your thought with your labor
in a proper degree, for in the business
you are as much a student as an appren-
tice. After 3'ou have spent one or two
seasons according to your aptitude) in
this way, 3'ou are competent to start in
the business, with a capital that will
support you and 3'ours, and command
your best mental and physical efforts,
for most of the 3'ear. If you have not
the capital, you are fitted to command
wages in advance of the common
laborer, and if acquaintance has in-
spired your emplo3'er with full faith
in your integrity, 3'ou can like]3' get all
the capital you need, to accompany
your strength and skill. Man3' offer
bees for sale, but I want to tell you
that if I could get competent, honest
men to work for me, at wages hinted at
above, or work an apiary on shares, I
could make more by not selling a bee,
but placing- my surplus stocl^s in an-
other unoccupied field, with this em-
ploye to handle them.

I give it as my solemn conviction,
that no man should ever attempt this
business that has failed in all others
in which he has been engaged. The
bees do not "work for nothing and

374

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

board themselves;" that * 'small child-
ren' and "invalids" are not eminently
adapted to honey production. Experi-
ence has taught me that if there is any
business in this vv^orld that demands
industry, skill and tact, to insure suc-
cess, it is this of ours. B3' attending-
conventions, visiting bee-keepers, and
entertaining many who visit me, I have
learned that successful apiarists, as a
class, are more than ordinarily wide
awake and intelligent.

The beginner almost invariably
wants to know how many pounds of
surplus honey he may expect from a
hive in good season. Wh}' don't he
ask how many pounds in a bad one ?
Really, why don't he say how much
is honey worth on the markets of the
world ? Is it likely to hold up to that
figure ? How much do you think it
costs to produce honey per ton ? Do
you know of any good, unoccupied
fields ? About how many pounds of
surplus do you think such a field would
yield annually, on an average ? What
would be the best number of colonies
to keep to secure it ? and a whole lot
of such questions as these.

Now, honor bright, would not these
questions be more likely to be correctly
answered by some experienced pro-
ducer than any one else ? If 1 should
hear a young man asking questions
like these, I would feel sure that he
had served at least a year with some
experienced apiarist, and not in vain
either.

I believe that no business is less
adapted to becoming a si''e-issiie or
adjunct to some other, than tiiis of
ours. On the other hcmd, I think it
will become a sncciaity with the suc-
cessful one=:, and these men will be
men of energy, intelligence and tact.

Til da3S()f dabbling along witii two
G!" f>jiii- Colonies; picking up bee wis-
dom; ihrowing away one and makinj^
nnother style of hive each year, are
nearly over.

>^e\enteen yeais ago I began bee-
1 et ping in this way. Tlie production
< f honey has increa.sed many foLi since
th;it time, ,11 d t e i>rofits of the same
liave^i ecitly dt'Cieased. Had they been
no greater thin than now, I think
iny attempts ;it ;ijjiculture would have
proven a. failure. I am positive that
had I then apprenticed myself to some
such successful apiarist as Adam
Grimm, who, it is said, cleared $10,000
in one year from his large apiaries, I
would, ere this, have no further need
for bees, nor their product.

WINTERING BEES.

Mr. Cheshire's Views on Hives, Protection,
Ventilation, etc,

A more scientific work upon bee
culture than Cheshire's, has probably
never been written. Just now, as
winter is coming on, it may be worth
while to consider some of his views on
the subject of wintering. I would
gladly copy his entire chapter on
wintering, but lack of space prevents.
The best I can do is to quote some of
the more important paragraphs, which
are as follows:

Honey as a food enters into the liv-
ing fabric before it furnishes material
for oxidation, yet it remains true that
loss of heat is exactly equivalent to
loss of honey. This points to making
the surrounding of the cluster as non-
conductive as possible, not only t'lus
saving stores, but the vital enrrg:es <.f
the workers, which mu^*: u herwise
also be consumed in 1: rpi r.g up tem-
perature. The hi'-c wals first require
attention. The volume of opinion in
favor of highly no. i-c inductive hive-
sides v.oul i jHit the cjU'Stion beyond
the necessity of discussion, were there
not somo who constantly seem to imply
that bees need little protection, and
that probably thin hives are the best.
It should l)e instantly conceded that
thin sides are practically as good as
the most non-conductive if too much
space is given, or if the top covering is
deficient. It is useless to fasten the
window if the door is oflF its hinges.
Mr. Raitt's pithy sa^-ing, "The best
protection for bees is bees," is perhaps
the most incisively expressed arginnent
we have in favor of abundant protec-
tion, lyittle lots winter badly, but
cover tiiem by bees that will absolutely
prevent their heat escaping, and you
give them the best possible protection.
But do not the protectors need help?
Yes; by mcjre bees if we can provide
them, by tiie best non-conductors avail-
able if we cannot.

rhe evidence that strong stocks come
through all right in thin hives proves
little, and is no test. The plan that
will enable the very weak to winter
well on small stores must be the most
helpful to those that are strong; and
experience shows me that there is no

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

375

risk with a pint of bees on two frames,
properly handled, in the South of Eng--
land, and I have wintered a teacupful,
which subsequentl3' built itself into a
stock, with no help beyond food. We
have no need to see how much our bees
can sustain, but should rather desire
to bring them throu",-"!! till April, little
tried, and ready for the severe labor
of g'iving' us the nurses for the heavy
population which is to do the work of
honej'-gatherino^, and so prevent
spring dwindling, which I venture to
believe, in common with some of the
best observers, is almost always the
result of excessive effort, rendered
necessary by poor protection.

Some years since, I made experi-
ments on hive walls. 1 took a number
of tin chambers, each holding l2oz. of
water. After filling with water at
two-hundred degrees, they were placed
in boxes, representing different de-
scriptions of hive sides, all of which
had been before carefully brought to a
uniform temperature, and then the
time occupied by each in falling
through a certain number of degrees
was noted. For this, very delicate
thermometers were used, and tlie cal-
culations based on Newton's Eaw of
Cooling. The following results were
made clear: If a hive side of ^in.
pine have its protective povver repre-
resented by 1, that of a double side
with 1 in. dead (?) air space would
equal 4, while the same wooden sides
packed tightly with cliaff would equal
10. Further experiments proved that
cork-dust (a waste product used for
packing Spanish grapes, as sent to
this country), in lieu of the chaflf pack-
ing, gave a non conductivity to be rep-
resented by 14. The cork has many
advantages; it is perfectly effective
even with poor carpentry; it is not
liable to mildew, and if it becomes
damp, it does not droop down between
the wooden skin, as chaff would do.

In thin hives, in hard weather, the
inner face of the wood is too cold to
permit the bees to touch it, so tliat they
are driven to remaining in the middle
of their frames, exposed on all sides.
In those packed as described they
winter, by preference, against the hive
wall, and are tlius only exposed on one
side, while they close the frame ends
for themselves, and can always pass
freely from comb to comb witliout a
possibility of getting lost in detach-
ments; in addition, by having the en-
trance 5 in. or 6 in. long at the corner,
the bees have always sufficient air,

and work round the hive as the store is
consumed.

The idea that thin walls are super-
ior to thick because the sun's heat in
spring passes through to warm the
bees is certainly inaccurate. If the
transitory advantage existed, it would
be at the cost of constant loss, but it
does not exist. Bees maintain sixty-
five degrees, and must uninteruptedly,
though very slowly, lose heat through
the hive walls until this becomes the
temperature of the external air.
Those, therefore, in the thicker hives
will be warmer until this external
temperature is reached, but before then
the bees would be in full flight, and
beyond the need of sun-warming.

I Strongly advocated, in former
years, that ventilation should be al-
lowed through the top cover; further
developments have made it doubtful
whether this is so necessary as was
supposed. If a sufficient opening (of
5 in. or Gin. at least) be allowed at the
entrance (in addition, a ring of wood,
2 in. deep, between the hive and its
floor board, lifting the frames, is a val-
uable assistance), top ventilation may
be omitted, and American cloth be
placed over the bees. It has, however,
many disadvantages. I prefer sloiv
upward ventilation, and earnestly ad-
vocate a chaft'-tray, regarding the
splendid covering it attOrds as far
more important than the hive side it-
self, especiallj' if we give space above
the frames, when uotions of portability
and cheapness ma}' make us content
with single sides, notwithstanding
their inferiority to cork-packed ones.
For wintering, the chaff-tray should
hold 4 in. or 5 in. of chaff, well patted
down. rhe sacking should be loose,
so that it may fit the hive top accu-
rately, for small crannies allow most
damaging leaks of heat. Carpeting
fits badly; if creased at all, a direct
through current, which punishes the
bees severely, is permitted; and on the
usual thin hive side it is hardly possi-
ble to avoid those gaps which have
made many denounce all top ventila-
tion, quite overlooking how often this
has been given in a manner all must
condemn.

Dampness is a great enerry to
wintering bees. Prof. McT^i'n note I
the critical temperatu re +o be less in a
damp than a dry air. 1 e re ism b^ing
that water has .';;i enorm his capacity
tor heat (sp'ciiic heat», whnher in the
liquid or vaporous form: the latter ab-
stracts heat from the bees, and intesi-

376

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

fies their strug-gle. The water pro-
duced by the honey is thrown off in
vapor, because the cluster is warm.
If the hive is thin, or the bees small in
numbers, and, in consequence, distant
from the sides, or if the top protection
is scanty, the heated vapor is imme-
diately deposited as dew, and the inte-
rior is wetted. "When the sides are so
non-conductive that the inner faces are
not below the dew point of the interior
air, the hive remains dry; and since
wood conducts more freely than cork-
dust, the inner lining- should be as thin
as notions of streng-fh will allow. In
gentle top ventilation, the heat of the
cluster just beneath the roof keeps the
part in contact with the bees both
warm and free from damp, and the air
passes off carrying- the moisture with
it. The combs below are not mil-
dewed, nor do they rnn with dew. If
dampness appears at all, it is behind
the runners, beneath the ear, where
the temperature coinmonly falls to the
lowest point; this, however, causes
neither damage nor inconvenience.

Bee=Keepers
Look Here!

Do you wish to buy bees or queens the coming
season, or do you want an apiary already loca-
ted in South Texas? If so. we can supply you.
We have 4,000 colonies of bees to sell the coming
season, and will sell them in any way it best
suits you. We will sell here, location and all, or
will ship them to you in any quantity you may
wish, v^'e mean to please you in the way of bees
and queens, and a trial is all we shall ask to con-
vince you

We make a specialty of bees in carload lots,
also I-, 2- and -j-frame nuclei and full colonies
ready to go at all times. Prices cheap, quoted
on application. We produce qneetis in a whole-
sale way and are never undersold with the
same quality of queens

Untested queens from now until February ist,
$1.00 each, or $9 00 per dozen. Tested Ji. 50 each,
or $[2.00 per dozen.

We breed 6 different races in their purity,
from 6 to 30 miles apart.

Our new 190s catalogue will be ready to mail
Dec. 1st. which will describe these different
races of bees and their management wiite for
it We have a large slock of honey cans for sale
at all times, and will Ijuy your honey in season.
Highest market price paid tor bees wax at all
times; wax worked into foun iation on ea.sy
terms. Address,

THE BEE & HO^EY CO.

Will fltehley, Prop.
Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.

Discount on all orders sent in
during November. By sending
your order now you will save
money and secure prompt
shipment. Our Hives, Sec-
tions, etc., are of perfect work-
manship. Send for catalogue
— free for the ordering.
Page & Lyon M'f'g Co.,

New London, Wis.

io-04-tf

Comb and Extracted

Honey Ulanted.

State kind and quality, how put
up, and lowest price.

CHARLES KOEPPEN,

Fredericksburg, Va.

6-04- 9t.

Redaeed Prlees

i^ood for the balance of the season only.

As I desire to unite my nuclei as soon as pos-
sible, I will sell Italian queens at the following
low prices until my present supply is exhausted.

Untested queens, 6oc each: six or more, 6oc
each. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Send for circular and read reports from enthusi-
astic cuatomers.

J. P. (DOOHE,
(Dorgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

^S^Hi ^^*'^»wgh •rf^*'''^|>»%iph^fe**i^*^(^ffN tifltKi**'w*S£|irt*<^*"^"te?P>'

i^^i^.'^^S^.^^i^.'yl

Retail — Wholesale

Has an established reputation because made by a
process that produces the CLEANEST and the
PUREST, and in all respects the BEST and the
most desirable. Send for Samples.

m

^
m

Working wax into Foundation
For Cash

Is a specialtj^ Bkeswax Always Wanted at the
HIGHEST MARKET PRICE.

»l\

A Full I^ine of Supplies at Both
Retail and Wholesale.

Send at once for Catalog- and discounts on large
orders.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Ag-ents
for Canada.

Please mention the Review.

378 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

THIS PAGE

Will
Interest You

loTbe
Next Orje.

HERE IS A LETTER MR. HUTCHINSON
HAS JUST WRITTEN ME

W. B. House,

DeTour, Mich,
Friend House: — I believe you are thinking of using two
pages in the Nov. issue. Of course I don't know what
it will be, but it occured to me that you might, in some
of these ads., like to use the editorial that I had in the
Review some two or three years ago on the manner in
which YZ had helped Mrs. H. and me. The older sub-
scribers may remember it but there are a lot of new
ones, and it would do no harm to recall the matter to
the attention of the older ones. If you would like to use
that testimonial in some of the ads. you would be wel-
come to do so.

As ever yours,

W. Z. Hutchinson.

YI can say nothing myself better than ^^g^M

is so heartily and honestly said by Mr. ^m

Hutchinson on next page. It will cer- ^W^^

tainly interest you, and it is the truth. .^^HHl

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

379

Tbi? 15 Good Re^clipg

See Opposite Page for Explanation.

YELLOWZON^S.

I am going to do something I have
never done before, and may never do
again, and that is to recommend,
through the Review, a medicine. Its
name is "yellowzones", and it is man-
ufactured by W. B. House, of DeTour,
Michigan. The doctor is "one of our
folks, " so to speak. He is interested
in bees, a subscriber to the Review,
and is, I believe, the one who wrote
the glossary in Root's ABC of Bee
Culture, and made the first two revis-
ions of that valuable book.

Yellowzones are not a secret prepara-
tion. The doctor tells exactly of what
they are composed, and if you wish to
consult with your own physician be-
fore using them, you can do so. A
box received by us, a month or two
ago, came, as good fortune would have
it, on the very day Mrs. Hutchinson
was down with one of her severe head-
aches. For 3'ears she has been afflict-
ed in this way, and we had never found
anything that would stop them — once
the attack commenced it had to run its
course. Within ten minutes after we
began giving yellowzones the pain

eased oflf and she went to sleep.

A week or two later I was awakened
by neuralgia of the stomach. I lay
quiet, hoping it would go away, but it
gradually become more severe. Final-
ly I slipped out of bed and took a yel-
lowzone. The pain ceased instantly.,
and I dropped off to sleep as though
nothing had happened. Since then, I
am satisfied that by the use of yellow-
zones I warded off an attack of La
Grippe. I am not very much in favor
of "doping", it is better to so live that
there will be no need for medicine, but
with the environments in which some
of us live, it is well nigh impossible
to entirely avoid the use of medicines;
and when their use does become neces-
sary, we wish those remedies which
will "do the business." Yellowzones
are "HOT SHOT" to pain and fever.
If you wish to know more about them,
write to Dr. House. Let me close by
Saying that Dr. House knows nothing
of this notice that I am giving his med-
icine— he will probably be the most
surprised of anyone who reads it. —
Editorial' by JV. Z. Hutchinson, B. K.
R. Match, igoi.

A Final Thought Concerning It.

My Friend, you have read the above honest, spontaneous testimonial. You and I are strangers, but
most of you know Mr. Hutchinson and you know that no such
testimony would ever have found place among his editorials ex-
cept after the most deliberate thought, and with an honest desire
to help his people. And you know, too, as well as I do, that
MONEY could not have bought any such notice.

I believe, my friend, that both you and I are honest. I guar-
antee to return your money, AND SEND ANOTHER BOX, if not
entirely satisfied. Now on such a guarantee, backed by such tes-
timony, YOU ARE NOT RISKING the dollar that you will send right now for a box of yellowzones.

Y

Z

Price $i.oo per box; trial size, 25 cents.

W. B, HOUSE, M. D., De Tour, Mich.

380

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Pi

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Dadant'5

Foundation

Why Does it Sell so Well ?— Because it has always
g-iven better satisfaction than any other. Because
in 26 years there have been no complaints, but
thousands of compliments.

We Guzirziptee Szitisfzictiop— What

body do? Beauty, purit)^, firmness,
loss. Patent Weed Process of Sheeting.

more can any-
no sagging, no

BeejWAX Wz^nted -bXzW Tirne?— Send name for our
Catalog, samples of foundation, and veil material.
We sell the best veils, either cotton or silk.

Laogjtroth on tbc Hooey - Bee, Revised,
classic in bee-literature. $1.20 by mail.

The

DADA/ST & SOiS,

Harniltop, Illinois.

L.. C- G- A. G. Vs/OODA\AyH, Gr&i7<I Rapi<Is
r^g^nts for /«\icbigao

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BIG DISCOUNTS

serve you promptly

on Bee Supplies, Berry Boxes
and Crates now v^^hile v^^e can

Address

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

LARGE, HEALTHY, PROLIFIC,

Beautiful Italian Queens sent prompt-
ly by return mail at only 50 cts each.
Safe arrival and Satisfaction guaran-
teed. J. w. K. SHAW, & CO.
7.04-tf Loreauville, La.

Please mention the Reoieia.

t^OOT'S BEE-SUPPliieS

AT

{ROOT'S Pt^ICES

5-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLBY & DEUEL, Kendall, Micb

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

381

Winter Cases, 90c.

made to

by

Good, strong-, well-made cases, neat appearing,
protect the bees in the most severe winter.

We have a lot of these left over, slightly discolored
smoke, during a fire in the factory a few months ago. These
sell ordinarily at $1'.20 each. While they last, each 90 cents.
Send your order at once. Cheapest House on Earth. All
Goods Guaranteed or Money Back.

Doll's Bee Supply Manufacturing Co.
Power BIdg., Minneapolis, Minn.

Site
Site

5iKt

Are you looking for

QUEENS?

If so I can furnish j'ou queens of the
following races by return mail:

Three- and five-banded Italians, Cy-
prians, Holy Lands, Carniolans and
Albinos.

Untested, of either race, 75c each;
Select, Untested, $1.00 each; six for
$4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested, of either
race, $2.00 each; six for $10.00; one
dozen, $18.00; Breeders, $4.50 each.
Safe arrival guaranteed.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

From the Cotton Belt Apiaries are as good
as the best and as cheap as the cheapest, and
you can get them by return mail at the following
prices : Untested, 50 cts. ; tested, 75 cts. ; breeders
$3.00. We make one- two- and three-frame nu-
clei a specialty, Write for circular and price
ist, which gives full information. 4-04-91

Box 83,

_ _ BBLJE

Roxton, L,amar Co., Texas

FOR SAI,E— 8 frame Bee Hives and fixtures,
I,angstroth size, F. T. HOOPES,
io-o4-2t East Downingtown, Fenn.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing business in every State
in the Union and in many foreign coimtries.

The demand for L,aws' queens has doubled any
previous season's sales.

I,aws' queens and bees are putting up a large
share of the hon^y now sold

I,aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over
the world. Why? Because it is the best to
be had.

Remember ! That I have a larger stock than ever;
that I can send you a queen any month in
the year and guarantee .safe delivery; that I
have many fine breeders on hand. Price,
I3.00 each. Tested, each, f 1.25; five for $6.00.
Prices reduced after March 15. Send for
circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

Vui STORY,

8-frame hives, either plain, or bee-way
supers, $1.00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 fc shipping cases, $13.00
for 100; 12fc $8.00 for 100; 20ft. Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. One year's
subscription to Bee Journal Free with
orders of $5.00 or over. Send for free
list.

W. D. SOPEK,

R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

382

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

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B i

= .. =
iiimii

"1 (Dapshfield fllfg. Co.

iiiiiif

illiiji

iiiiil Were we behind on
III orders this season?
ill Yes, but we can fill

!!!!!!■ J

iill orders ag-am same
ill day when received.
iii Remember our busi-
ii ness is making- honey
II sections and shipping-
ilp cases, besides, being

HUB °

;|i dealers in beekeepers'
|i supplies. Send in
lil your orders.

iiiil

iiiim|

11 JVIaPshfield Mfg. Co.

1 IVIarshfield, Wis.

■liiiii

g::;:i;^iriimi|i>iii]miaiiiii|iiiaiim{iiiai itBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiDiiiiBiMiiiiiiBiiiiiniiaiiiiiiinBiiiiiiiii

iiniiii

1 1 Weiss

■iiiiua

1 1 Foundation

liNiin

iiiiiii Is guaranteed to stand at the

head for quality and work-

"'"' manship, as it is made by the

iiiiiii latest process of sheeting and

1 purifying wax, and will defy

'"'"I competitors to its quality and

iinii purity. Send for a sample

1 i and catalog and be your own

I'!'" judge. Working wax a spec-

liiiiii i alty. Friend Bee-Keeper, now

1 is the time for you to send in

1" your wax and have it worked

jiimi into foundation. Highest pri-

1 ces paid for beeswax. Cash,

1""" 32c; trade, 33c. Impure wax

ji 1 not accepted. A full line of

II Bee Supplies
11 AUGUST WEISS,

1 "1 3 04 tf GREENVILLE, WIS.

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J Root's Goods 2vt

Root's Prices

iiiiii

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POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used hy Bee-Keepers.

lyarge and complete stock on hand
"' at all times, tow freight rates.
■ Prompt Sei-\'ice. Catalog sent free.

1 Walter S. Pou<Icr

m 513-515 Mass. Ave.
Ill INDIANAPOI^IS, IND.

|j|l^!!|l!||||iBi"i'"|'ni'"i' i ii'i^fi '!■ i "10 ipiipi!!

1:1 What They Say!

iuiiiii

iuMil Killsboro, Wis.
II W. H. Putnam,

1 IB River Falls, Wis.

i i Dear Sir:— I delayed answering vour
■iiiiii| letter unlil I had read the June tiura-
i i ber of the Rural Bee-Kceper, and
■limiB niust say as a Bee-Keeper of 22 years'
= = experience I am more than pleased

! 1 with it, regardless of the assertions

= == of some thai ihe publishing in this
■iiii!i| ij„e ^^.^^ already overdone, and if the
5 = nnprovemenls continue it will cer-
■iiiiii| tainly be second to none within its
= = first year of publication. I consider

! 1 the June mimber alone worth several

= g years' subscriptions, to any practical
|"""| iivebe--keeper and will say let the
iiiiini good work go on and on. You have
1 i a good field, aud the fact of our hav-
■iiiiiii "'^ ^ ^^^ Journal published in our
1 1 own state, should be a lasting stimu-
iiiiiiii '^"'^ '° ^" bee-keepers of Wisconsin
i i and the Xoithwest, and 50c certainly
iimiia cannot be invested to better advan-
1 1 tage. You may send me some more
■iiiiiii blanks. Yours truly,
1 ; 1 EIvIAS FOX.
|iiiiii| Send IOC tor three back numbers
= ::= or 50c for one year.
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Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee- Keepers'
Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are made according
to these rulen:

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No I. — All sections well filled, but comhs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsenled; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-slain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers .sell to the gro-
cers. Ffrom these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission— the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
«s one hundred dollars.

KANSAS CITY, MO.— There seems to be a
firm feeling at present pirces. Beeswax in de-
mand. We quote as follows tor 24-lb. cases.
Fancy White, $3.75; No. i White, $2.65; No. i
Amber, S^-So; White, Extracted, 5}^c to 6c; Bees-
wax, 25c to 2SC.

WAI^KER-BREWSTkR GROCER CO.,
Aiig.30 423 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo.

CINCINNATI — There is a marked improve-
ment in the demand for comb honey since our
last quotations. No material change in the ex-
tracted honey market. We continue to quote
white clover, extracted honey in barrels and
cans, at 7 to ^l/ic. Amber, in barrels, 5}{ to 6c.
Fancy white clover comb honey, at 14 to 15c.
Beeswax 28c.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Oct. 28. 51 Walnut St. Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFALO — As cool weather approaches de-
mand improves. Moderate shipments are ad-
vised until October and November. Lot.s of old
honey here that is almost unsaleable. We quote
as follows: — Fancy while i,sc to i6c: No. i white,
13c to 14c; Fancy Amber, i2ctoi2j^c; No. i Am-
ber, IOC to lie; Fancy Dark, 8c to 9c; No. i Dark,
70 to 8c; Bees ^ ax, 28c to 32c.

BATTERSON & CO.
Aug. 31 159 Michigan St. Buffalo, N. Y.

PHII<ADEI,PHIA— Shipments have been quite
heavy in the last two weeks. Prices are a little
weaker in consequence, although fancy honey
maintains a good price. We find the shortage is
always in the fancy goods, and the off goods are
what overstocks the market. We quote some
sales as follows: Fancy white comb, 16 to 17 c..
No. 1, 14c,; amber and No. 2, 12 to 13c.; extracted
honey, white, 8c.; amber 6 to 7c We are pro-
ducers of honey and do not handle on commis-
sion.

WM. A. SElvSER,
Oct. 25 10 Vine St. Philadelphia, Pa.

CHICAGO— The market has an over supply of
comb honey, very little of which will pass as
No. I grade — price is 11 to 12c per pound, and
off-grades at corre.<;pon(iing values Extracted
at 6 to 7c per pound for best grades of white;
amber colors, 5 to 6c; beeswax, 28 to 30c.
R. A. BURNETT & Co.,
July 27 199 So. Water St.. Chicago. Ills.

NEW YORK— Very little new comb honey is
arriving as yet and prices are not established.
Extracted in fairly good demand, with plenty of
supply. Beeswax is dull and declining. We
quote as follows:— Fancy white, 14 c to 15c; No. i
while 13c; fancy ambtr, 12c; No.i Amber, iic;
white extracted, 6^0010 7c; amber extracted, 5%c
to 6c; Beeswax, 28c.

HILDRETH & SEGElrKEN,
265 & 267 Greenwich St., Cor. Murray St.
Sept.i New York.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.— Comb honey is now
coming in more freely, and prices, if anything,
have a little moderated. The sales made and
prices obtained were on No. i, fancy water
white, i3cand 15c; No 2, 13c and 14c. F^xtracted
is sold as follows: White clover in barrels, 6'4c,
in cans, 754c and Sc; amber in barrels $%c and
5]4c, in cans 6c and 6J/^c; beeswax, 26c.

C. H. W. WEBER,
Oct. 20 Cincinnati, Ohio

CHICAGO — During the past week or so we
have had considerable inquiry for New Comb
Honey, but the supply is rather limited. If
shippers have any new Comb Honey ready, we
would advise letting it come forward, or write
us what they have to offer and lowest price.
Trade on Extracted Honey very quiet, demand
limited. We quote as follows: Fancy White 12
c to 13c; No. I white, iic 10 12c; hite. Ex-
tracted, 6c to 7c; Amber, extracted, 5%c to 6c;
Beeswax, 26c to 30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.,
189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills.

Sept. I

KANSAS CITY, MO.— With cooler weather
the demand for honey is slowly increasing, and
the market is firm Beeswax in good demand.
We quote as follows for 24-lb cases: Fancy White
I3.00: Fancy .-iinber, $2.25 to I2.50; hite. Ex-
tracted, 7c lb; Beeswax, 30c.

C. C. CI^EMONS & CO.
Aug. 30 Kansas City, Mo.

AI^BANY, N. Y —The demand for honey is
improving some as the season advances. We
think present prices are good to take, for from
information throughout the country, would
seem to be a larger crop than last season, al-
though the crop in this vicinity is short. ^Ve
have to depend on outside producing sections.
We quote as follows: Fancy White. i6c; No. i
White, 15 c to 16 c; Fancy Amber, 13010 14c; No.
I Amber, 12c to 13c: Fancy Dark 12c 10130; No.
I Dark, iic to 12c; White, Extracted, 7c to 7}^c;
Amber, Extracted, 6c to 6J^c; Dark, Extracted,
Beeswax, 28c to 30c.

H. N. Wright,
Wholesale Commission,

Sept. I

Albany, N. Y.

pQ

m

J an 11 a rj- 3
February 2

Chicago, III., 144 E. Erie St.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine St.
New York, N. Y., 44 Vasey St,
Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 \V.

Genesee St.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Miss St.

San Antonio, Texas, 1322
South Flores Street.

Washington, D. C, 1100 Md.
Avenue, S. W.

Havana, Cuba, 17 San Ig-nacio

Kingston, Jamaica, 141 Har-
bour Street

i DISCOUNTS i

SJ^ On orders for next season's stock received with fSSf

V)n cash, at catalogue prices, we allow tke following 0(j

Sxm discounts. |^>f

PJQ Orders in October, 6 per cent. vO

|HS " November .=■ K^

MT " December 4 " MJ

m ^

KKi This apjilies to all general orders, such as hives, ^^

U^ frames, sections, foundation, and other bee-keepers ^0^

^i<^ supplies too numerous to mention, listed in our cata- ^fl

x]LJ logue before page 2n, including pages 28, 35, 36. ^1^

^n Prices remain the same, as last season except the III

U|^ Koot German Wax press which is reduced to $12.(i0. ^1^

S — S

Vl^ Reasons for Ordering Supplies Early: ^^

llA 1st. You save money by receiving a discount. 5>*

^^_ 2nd. You are able to make up your hives at a convenient ^j^

(Xi time. jTj

^SvA 3rd. You save the annoj'ance of being out of supplies and sAv

IJ^ cannot obtain them. hJ^

ySS 4th. Yon are readj' for the honey flow. 7(9

^iJ 5th. You get all the honey and increase. gJ^

fm9 6th. You will not get discouraged by a failure that could be irv\

U3 avoided. ^^

>^^ 7th. You will help ourselves and our agents to give you ^f^

u^^ better service. '

w »^4

S5 THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY K'

^V% FACTORY AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE Q j

1^ MEDINA, OHIO jffi

Uyi BRANCHES IfiS

i

m BBBBBBBBssHeSSSaSS B

December, 1904

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Ye{

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBLISHED MONTHI,Y
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 203

Terms — $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is .sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Dec. 15, 1904

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On to lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times^ 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On '30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100^ 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40

Rural Bee-Keeper ( .50) i-35

Western Bee Journal ( i.QO) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( i.oo^ 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 1.20

Rural New Yorker ( i.oo) 1.85

The Century ( 400) 4-5°

Michigan Farmer f i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ,. ..{ i 00) 1.75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 400) 4-ici

Harper's Weekly ( 4-oo) 4-2°

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( 1.00) 1.90

Success ( 1.00) 1.75

National Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.

To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $x.oo.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. 111.

Vice President
Geo. W. Brodbeck, I<os Angeles, Calif.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasure!

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn, Ont.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, I,oveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM. A, Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

i Names of Bee-Keepers i

type: na/rixxen

m

BB^BBBBElElElBEiiaEIEIBEIElElPElEIQiSBB

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ,
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at |2.oo per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now havea type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 378
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn . . 162
Dak..
Del..
Fla . . .
Ga...
Ind..

Ills.... 1375
Iowa . . 800

350

38

500

334

25
18
100
90
744

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon . . 109
Ohio... 130C
Penn.. . . 912

R. 1 46

S. C 40

Tenn 176

Tex 270

Utah 68

Vt 200

Va 182

W. Va....i72

N. H. ...158 Wash.... 128
Wis 625

Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

Ky....

Kans.

I.a....

Mo...

Minn.

Mich... 1770

Mass... 275

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y.. .
Neb.. .
N.J.

94

270

70

1700

• •345
. 130
.158

We want the readers of

The Review

to read our Journal. It has
just entered its second year,
with a list of 3,000 subscrib-
ers— think of it — Have you
ever heard of a Bee Journal
with such a record? Now,
for a good year's work.
Won't you help?

Send $1.00 for a year's
sabseription.

THE WESTERN BEE JOURNAIJ

p. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor,

KINGSBURY, CALIFORNIA

Bee -Keepers

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Fzvlcooer A\f5. 60.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

8@°"Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

Ho Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very (hiji base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

J. VRfl DEUSEfJ,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

If the

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon botn
the publisher and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima-
tion of the advertiser: and it en-
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say ' ' I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

386-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

THE

FOUNTAIN
PEN

has the
^^LUCKY CURVE^^

The "lucky curve" is a curve in
the feed pipe that brings its inner
opening out against the inside of
the barrel of the pen, and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of the
feed-pipe when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage. At the same time
the feed-pipe is kept moist with
ink and ready for business-
There are other good features
about the Parker. One is the al-
most impossibility of breaking
the handle. If it breaks from
any cause within a year a new
one is sent free.

Mr. N. E. France, General Man-
ager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, has carried a Parker
pen for years, and "swears by it,"
so to speak. I have carried one
now for a year myself, and can
truthfully say that I have derived
more satisfaction from it than
from any other fountain pen that
I have ever carried, and I have
tried several other kinds. I offer-
ed this pen last year in connection
with the Review, and sold a large
number of them, and I don't know
of a dissatisfied customer. If there
is, I want to hear from him.
There are plenty of pens that I
might offer for Jr.oo and make
more money than I am making oa
the Parker, but I care more to
furnish my subscribers a good
article nt a fair profit, than to
make a big profit on a cheap pen.
There are different styles of
pens varying in price from $1.50 to
>[o.oo, depending upon the finish
of the handle. My pen cost $2.00
and, so far as practical use is con-
cerned, is the equal of any; and I
have made arrangements where-
by I can send the Review one
year, and one of the $2.00 pens,
for only 52.50. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed, or money
will be refunded.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

Flint, Michigan*

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue I,ower Prices

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

4-o4-6t 147-149 Cedar I,ake Road

BEE-KEEPERS
ATTENTION!

Are you going- to buy bees? Are you
going to locate in Texas? We make a
specialty of nuclei and full colonies of
bees for shipment, in any quantity,
anywhere, at all seasons of the year.
Car lots a specialty. We are selling
agents for a large number of colonies
of bees, in quantity and locations to
suit purchasers. This is a great bee
country' and we can supply you the
bees at satisfactory prices. If you
wish to buy a farm or ranch with the
bees very likely we can have it for
you; write us your wants.

We are Southwestern managers for
The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing
Company, and will carry a full line
of Bee-Keepers' supplies at FACTORY
PKICES. Let us figure with you be-
fore you buy your supplies. Order
early and secure the cash discounts.
We will carry a line of honey cans in
season, and buj' your honey crop; we
also want all the beeswax we can get
at the highest market prices. OUR
AIM — To supply the bee-keeper his
wants and buy his prodticts in return.
Correspondence in Spanish and Ger-
man a specialty.

THE HYDE BEE SUPPLY CO.,

H. H. Hyde, Pres. and Mgr.,
129 N. Flores St,,
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

YELLOWZON ES

TRAIN TOOK ITS OWN PHOTOGRAPH.

A large, handsome engraving, 18 x 28
inches, has been made of "The Burling-
ton's Number One" while going at 60
miles an hour between Chicago and Den-
ver. It is the best picture of a train in
motion ever taken, and "the train took
the picture itself. " This is explained in
a folder which will be sent free on ap-
plication. Price of large engraving, 20
cents. Postage stamps will do. Address
P. S. Eustis, General Passenger Agent,
C, B. & Q. Ry., 209 Adams Street,
Chicago.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 387

Great Clubbing Offers.

Here is a list of magazines, together with the regular prices at
which they are published.

CLASS A.

Success . . . . . . $1.00

Leslie's Monthly Magazine .. .. 1.00

Harper's Bazar . . . . . . 1.00

Cosmopolitan . . . . . . 1.00

Good Housekeeping . . . . 1.00

Pearson's Magazine . . . . . , 1.00

The Twentieth Century Home . . 1.00

The American Boy . . . . . . 1.00

The American Inventor . . . . 1.50

The Sunset Magazine . . . . 1.00

The Technical World . . .. . . 2.00

CLASS B.

The Review of Reviews . . . . $2.50

The World s Work . . . . . . 3.00

Outing . . . . . . 3.00

The Booklovers' Magazine . . . . 3.00

The Independent . . . . 2.00

If you subscribe for one or more of these magazines in connec-
tion with the Bee-Keepers' Review, I can make the following offer:

Success, and the Review, for only $i 75

Success, any one magazine in class A, and the Review, for only 2 50

Success, any two magazines in class A, and the Review for only 3 °°

Success, any three magazines in class A, and the Review, for only 3 5°

Success, Review of Reviews, iind the Review, for only 3 5°

Success, The Independent, and the Review, for onlj- 3 5°

Success, any two of class B, and the Review, for only 5 00

Success, any three of class B, and the Review for only ^ 5°

Success, any one of class A and any one of class B, and the Review, for only 4 00

Success, any one of class A and two of class B. and the Review, for only 5 5°

Saccess, any two class A, and one class B, and the Review, for only 4 5°

Success, any two of class, A. and any two of class B, and the Review, for only 600

Success, Country Life in America, and the Review, for only 4 25

Success, The Outlook (new), and the Review, for only 4 00

Success, Harper's Magazine, or Weekly, and the Review, for only 5 25

Upon request quototions will be given upon any combination of Success with other American
magazines.

Magazines will be sent to one or different addresses as desired. By
adding- $2.00 to any of these offers, the set of books described on page 410 may
be secured.

W. Z, HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich,

388

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

NEARLY 100
Pagfes, our new 1905 Catalog:

It will be issued about Dec. 15
containing everything known in

BEE SUPPLIES

G. B. LEWIS
CO.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

Jl

I^

/JyArCRTOWN.

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

Watertown,
Wis.

I^ake Your O^A/^n Hives.

3ee ^ Keepers

Will save money by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making"
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Enby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

^^

I

J

<

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z, HDTCHiNSflN. Editor and Proprieloi

VOL. XVII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, DEC. 15, 1904. NO. 12.

lTl©ta^e°AiplarSeSo

BY FRED H. LOUGKS.

rnO start with, a bee-keeper usually
T would ask, why have a house-
apiary at all ?

ADVANTAGES OF A HOUSR-APIARY — ES-
PECIALLY FOR AN OUT-APIARY.

There are several reasons why the
house-apiary, especially at an out-
yard, is very desirable. Here are
some of its advantages: Security from
thieving boys, its use as a store-house
for supplies, implements, etc., the
shelter it affords, to bees and operator,
from the scalding- sun or drenching
rain, the evennessof temperature main-
tained in the spring, thus forcing
brood rearing rapidl3', the avoidance
of at least one-half the stings, the op-
portunity for doing double the amount
of work in a given length of time, and,
lastly, the greater amount of work
done by the bees. While I do not un-
reservedly advise house-apiaries for
the home yard, yet for the out-yard, I
think the}^ are just grand.

CHOOSING A SITE FOR AN OUT-APIARY.

The first step is the choosing of a
site, and this is very important. Go
slow; study the soil; the lay of the
land; the winds; the neighboring peo-
ple; and, especially, the pasturage.
If possible get in range of a large
variety of honey plants; and don't
figure on your bees working advan-
tageously more than 1>^ miles in a
straight line from their hives. Look
for early and late blossom; early, pol-
len-bearing plants will help greatly to
build up the bees in the spring. My
East Martinsburg house-apiary has a
creek running within 20 feet of it,
with tag alders along its banks, and
these bees always build up faster than
any others I have. I think it is be-
cause the pollen supply is so near.

The spot where the building is going
to stand should, if possible, slope gently
towards the east, as this is a warmer
lay in the spring- months. I would

392

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

also try, to g'et near a running- spring-
of water, one into which I could get a
^X inch pipe if I should so desire. I
am supposing that a cellar is to be
built under the house-apiary. It is an
advantage to have the house-apiary
partly protected frem the wind, but
not entirely so, as it would then entice
the bees away on too cool days, when
they would be chilled and unable to
return. The drive to the apiary door
should slope from the house, so one
could draw a loaded wagon away a
short distance in case the bees should
become cross. It is best to buy the
site, and get a deed of it. A piece 6x8
rods is large enough, and, when from
the corner of some farm, ought to be
bought for $50.

Don't encroach on territory occupied
by another; and be sure to beep on
good terms with all the neighbors.

THERE SHOULD BE A GOOD CELLAR
UNDER A HOUSE-APIARY.

The first step in building- is to dig-
the cellar, and I would plan to have it
all under ground, as this will greatly
aid in maintaining an even tempera-
ture. As to size, 12 x 20, outside meas-

HP

m

B

u

NO. 1, SHOWING GENERAL VIEW OF
INTERIOR.

urement, with a two-foot wall all
around, leaving an inside room 8x16x6
feet high, will accommodate 100 colon-
ies, and not be crowded. Have a g-ood

drain, and a cement bottom with a little
trough all around next to the wall.

Now for the spring water I spoke of
before. Pipe it into this cellar, and
let it run in the cement trough, unless
you want to g-o to the expense of put-
ting- in a coil of pipes around the cellar
near the bottom. I let mine run in the
trough, and see naught but good from
it. We dugout a spring- at my Wilcox
yard, and the water controls the tem-
perature to a degree, all winter, no
matter how cold or warm it may be
outside. A temperature of 41 degrees
is i-naintained, from fall to spring,
with a 5-inch ventilator working all
the time. I stop the large ventilator
all up except a 5-inch stove pipe
packed in tight.

BEE CELLARS NEED VENTILATION.

I tried no ventilation but did not like
it. The air was so dead that it would
scarcely keep a lantern burning; which
showed that the oxygen was lacking,
I know my bees are more quiet when
surrounded by a good pure atmos-
phere. None of us can live healthfully
without a goodly supply of oxygen.

My ventilatoi', when open in full, is
1x3 feet, and 25 feet high; taking air
from the bottom of the cellar. I have
never opened it to its full capacity
when the bees were in the cellar, as I
originally intended to do in the spring
months. There seems to be no call for
so doing.

The top of the cellar is very impor-
tant, and must be a series of air-spaces
and non-conducting material. Mine
has lath and plaster, a three-inch air-
space, one-inch floor, two thicknesses
of tarred paper, one-inch floor, four
inches of sawdust plaster, a four-inch
air-space, and then the floor of the
building. This top is such a perfect
non-conductor that there is no conden-
sation of moisture dripping from the
ceiling. This cellar will cost about
$75.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

393

DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION IN BUILDING
A HOUSE-APIARY.

Now that the cellar is built, the next
step is that of putting- on the sills.
Lay them in mortar having the center
of the sill come on the center of the
cellar wall. The corners should be
supported on gas pipe, having a
foundation below the frost line; and
inside of a larger piece of gas pipe
coming a little above the ground, to
which the dirt will freeze, and not
effect the main one, inside, supporting
the building. After putting in the joists
I lay the floor next, as it can be done
much quicker, and then I nail the stud-
ding right on the floor, putting them
two feet apart from center to center.
The studding is eight feet long, and
planed on three sides so that every
piece is alike; in fact, I plane all the
scantling going into the building, and
cut it all up in my shop at home with
a draw saw, which makes ever3' joint
square and every piece exactly alike.
This greatly facilitates the putting up
of a. frame, and makes it much nicer
than can possibly be done by hand.
Commence with a corner stud, and
nail on the lap-girts as you go. One
girt six inches from the floor, and the
other 54 inches, until you get clear
around. Of course, the studding must
be kept plumb. Next, put on a 2 x 4,
flatwise, for a plate. I nail the rafters
together, in pairs (having a collar
beam up six inches from the plate) be-
fore putting them up. I like a shingle
roof best, as it is a better protection
from heat and cold. Don't put on an}'^
cornice, unless it is a mere skeleton,
as it makes too good a mouse-nest,
and occasionally harbors a squirrel.
I would have an eave-trough extended
as far as the cellar wall, to keep the
water from it.

The best siding is cove coping.
This gives a smooth surface inside,
with only one thickness, which is ex-
actly what we need. The large win-

dows in the gable ends are for venti-
lating the house in hot weather. They
are covered with wire cloth which ex-
tends above the windows, thus forming
a bee-escape. It is absolutely neces-
sary that every window and door have
a wire cloth bee-escape, so that the
bees which take wing when we are at
work can get out-doors, but not come
back inside. I do not glass these
large end windows, but have a light
door that I put in during the fall, and
then take it out when warm weather
returns. There are also two trap
doors in the house at my Wilcox yard,
about six feet from the ends, in the
center of the floor, for ventilation.
They are about 30 inches square, and
are taken out during warm weather
and a grating put in. These openings,
taking the air from so close to the
ground, help greatly to keep down
the temperature. It is simply a com-
fort to work in one of these houses on
a hot day, and note the different
action of the bees, also their greater
activity compared with those out in tne
sun.

NO. 2, SHOWING SLIDE AND SHELVES
WITHOUT WIRE CLOTH BOTTOM.

The entrance holes are 7-16 x8 inches,
and are cut through the siding on a
downward slant so that the rain can-
not beat in. The alighting boards are
6x14 inches in size, and are toe-nailed
on even with the lower edges of the en-

394

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

trances. They are also g-iven a down-
ward slant. The little boards nailed
between each alig^hting- board are to
help the bees locate their entrances.
Care must be taken to have them snug-
up against the building, else, under
certain conditions, the bees will run
along the side of the building and en-
ter the wrong hive. Especial atten-
tion must be paid to these little things
in the early spring.

The next step will be to put in the
shelves upon which the hives set. The
original design of this shelf was taken
from the F. A. Salisbury house
apiary, of Syracuse, N. Y., but I
have added much to it which facilitates
its working. These shelves are of
pine 7 X 28 X /s and are gotten out in
pairs. After sizing them, I sort the
boards over so as to work in clear
stuff, then turn a shallow cup 3^4 x >'s
inches in one end; then cut a rabbet
^ X )i from the center of this cup.
This cup and rabbet are for feeding.
(See cut No. 3) The center is a wood
frame 10 x 28x^, covered with a wire
cloth center, through which the bees
ventilate their hives. Under this wire
cloth center there is a slide 11 x 16 x )i
which closes this space in cold weather,
or whenever we wish, and can be slid
sidewise under the shelf when not
wanted. (See cut No. 2.) This ar-
rangement allows either a tight, or
ventilated bottom, at will. The lower
shelves are supported directly from the
floor and are about 6 inches high on
the inside end. The outside end is
nailed to the lap girts. The upper tier
is supported on braces nailed to the
studding to hold the inside end. There
is a cross-piece on the braces which
should be nailed to the shelf first, just
16'4 inches from the lap girt to which
the outside ends are nailed. (See cut
No. 1.) This cut gives an inside view
of the arrangement. Behind the stack
of supers is the ventilator. In front is
the set of tools which I have in each
house.

If a person wished to go to the ex-
pense, there could be a second, or
upper floor, thus doing away with the
upper deck of shelves, but this would
make the building cost considerably
more. The entrances are contracted
by means of little tins, 2>^ x 4 inches,
with a % inch turn at right angles to
keep them straight. Two for each en-
trance. I use an entrance guard and
drone-trap about a month. This trap
is 11 inches long, 4^ inches wide and
5>^ inches high.

SPRING MANAGEMENT.

The first operation in the spring is
that of taking the bees out of the cel-
lar, and, as in all other manipulations,
be sure to have everything in readi-
ness and keep the bees under control.
I take off the bottom boards when cel-
laring, so when it comes time to take
them out, I fill the cellar with smoke
from a Bingham smoke engine, keep-
ing it going in the cellar until done.
Of course, it is a little hard on the per-
son in the cellar but the bees handle so
much nicer, and it does not take long
in a house-apiary, as two can set them
out in less than an hour. Be sure that
each colony goes back on the same
shelf that it occupied before, so as to
avoid confusing the bees. That bees
are thus confused is a fact, not theory,
especially in a house-apiary. Last
spring, when setting the bees out, I
noticed bees rushing in an entrance
where there was no hive. Upon exam-
ination I found the colony was on the
wrong shelf. I moved them to their
original location when the bees of that
colony all came there and entered con-
tentedly. To aid the bees in locating
their entrance when thej' are first put
in a house-apiary, I lean old boards,
rails, brush, or anythhig contrasting,
against the building. After a little
time these can be taken away. In
taking the bees from the cellar my as-
sistant goes into the cellar and hands
them up through the trap-door, and I

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

395

take them, turning' each hive up to the
lig'ht, and as I set it on the shelf I con-
tract the entrance to suit the size of tlie
colony. I push the hive back against
a Yz inch slat that lies against the
coping with the tin slides between the
slat and coping. This brings the hive
within XYz inches of the oiTtside of the
building; and I would make it less if I
could. Have the frames stand at rig'ht
angles to the siding- of the building,
and not parallel to it, at this time
of the year. Now all that is nec-
essary is to put the block closing-
the feeding-groove and center in place.
After all are on the shelves, I look
them over to see that all is tight in-
side and out. I have a pint fruit jar
for each colony, tilled with a thin
syrup which I give them. It will not
be necessary to visit this yard for a
week, and not then unless more feeding
is to be done. I believe it pays well to
feed a pint each week for three weeks.
By that time the bees usually begin to
gather enough to live on. It is sur-
prising how fast bees build up in a
house-apiarj' as compared with those
out in the yard.

I do not open hives much until the
beginning- of fruit bloom, when the
colonies are looked over, especial at-
tention being paid to the queens and
to the arrangement of the brood nest,
giving more room if needed.

In this locality there is a lull in
honey gathering after fruit bloom before
the white harvest commences, and it is
during this period that I get every-
thing in readiness to hustle when it
comes. The studied aim should be to
have as many workers ready as pos-
sible to commence when the white
clover bloom begins.

In working for comb honey I go
through the colonies just before white
clover commences to flow, and contract
each brood-nest to from five to eight
Langstroth combs, using wide frames of
eight sections each, if there is room to
put them in on one or both sides of the

bi-ood-nest. In contracting I also use
division boards Yz inch and 1 inch
thick. At this time I turn the hive a
quarter, so that the side of the hive is
toward the entrance. I also put in
the entrance - guard and drone - trap.
This may cause some confusion for
a day, but the bees soon get used
to going through it, and I positive-
ly know it does not hinder the work
after the very first. I turn the hive
mainly because I can work with the
frames much better and handier with
the hive in this position. I leave the
hive in this position the remainder of
the season.

NO. 3, SHOWING SHRLF-BOARDS WITH

WIRE SCREEN BOTTOM BETWEEN

THEM.

The colonies should be, at this time,
ready to receive their first super. I
use the T super, with bait combs, and
tier up as more room is needed. I keep
close watch for any indications of
swarming, and, if a colony is found
getting ready to swarm, I cut out the
queen cells, and rearrange the combs
so that the ones with the least brood
occupy the center of the brood nest. If
it should happen to be a very populous
colony, I take one or two combs of
hatching brood and help one that is
nearly strong enough. There are some

396

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

colonies that will prepare to swarm
every week for four or five weeks in
succession, and then give it up; while,
occasionally, one will attempt repeat-
edly to swarm, and nothing- but the en-
trance-guard will keep it. Such a
colony will kill its queen, if she does
not get caught in the trap, and I let
it stay queenless for ten daj's.
Those behaving this way are onl3' a
very small per cent, and after this
they do very fair work in the supers.
If, however, they cease working, I
break up the colony and make it into
nuclei. I aim to make every colony
accomplish something towards carrying
on the business. After every colony
has been examined and treated accord-
ing to its needs, (and very much must
depend upon the judgment of the oper-
ator) I lock up the house and leave
them far one week.

MANAGEMElNTT THAT REQUIRES A VISIT
ONLY ONCE A WEEK.

On the next visit, one week later, I
look each colony over for queen cells.
Those just started, and partly along,
are destroyed. If the colony is very
populous, one or two frames of brood
are taken, and empty combs put in
their places, or, more properly, in the
center of the brood nest. If I can
strengthen any weaker colonies ad-
vantageously, I do so, otherwise I keep
taking out hatching brood, as I look
the colonies over, until all are exam-
ined, then I form colonies by taking
six frames of hatching brood and put-
ting them into an empty hive, giving
them a new shelf, and shutting
them up until the next visit. If a
colony is bound and determined to
swarm, I sometimes shake them; but I
can get more honey bj' taking away
just enough brood to control the colony,
and do not shake unless the colony be-
comes uncontrollable. I have never
been able to make shook swarming a
success. The bees do not seem to
have any vim. I should have said su-

pers are added at this time to those
colonies needing them. At the next
visit all colonies formed at the preceed-
ing visit have their entrances opened,
and each should contain a virgin queen
hatched from a cell given at the time
of forming. At each weekly visit here-
after I treat the colonies same as at the
second visit, putting on sections as
fast as needed and taking them off
when finished.

During the forepart of the season,
and until there are signs of the flow
slackening, I put the new supers under
the others, but, as the end draws near,
I put them on top.

At the closing of the white harvest I
take off all the sections, expand each
brood-nest by inserting one, two or
three empty combs. Look to the
queens; if any are old or failing, pinch
their heads oft' and introduce others
reared at home; for the mating of queens
in a house-apiary is its greatest draw-
back. There are too many lost. This
does not bother me, as I prefer to rear
them at home from selected stock.

Then there was another knotty prob-
lem which has bothered me, and
others, also. That is, stocks that have
been queenless sometime. If we try to
give such a stock a laying queen by
the ordinary method, she is almost
sure to be killed. I struck on a plan
this summer that has not failed me yet.
If it can be spared I like to have a
frame of hatching brood to give the
queenless stock, at the same time put-
ting in the laying queen, but have the
queen cage fixed so the bees cannot re-
lease the queen. I leave thus for a
week, and then the bees get so they
will beg for her. Then I allow them
to release her, which method has been
successsul so far. If more increase is
desired, the most populous colonies can
be divided, having extra queens to give
the queenless parts at the time, or
soon after the operation.

The zinc slides in the drone trap
are removed as soon as we can safely

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

397

do it (the middle of July here) g-iv-
ing' the bees a free entrance. The trap
is put back in position Jind left thus
the remainder of the season.

PRODUCING EXTRACTED HONEY.

P^or extracted honey my spring- man-
ag^ement is the same as for comb honey.
My extracted honey is produced almost
entirely at the East Martinsburg
house-apiary. The hive used is the
same ten-frame Simplicity. As soon as
anj' colonies need more room I add an
upper story of empty combs. This
gives the queens and bees plenty of
room, and it is not unusual for queens
to laj' in fifteen combs. I use eight
combs in an extracting story, I do
not expect a very large amount of
honey to be stored before white clover
bloom. Allowing the queen to have
full swing at this time does much to
discourage swarming, if not to prevent
it altogether. At the commencement of

■% Ira- /■ ;.

NO. 4, SHOWING FEEDERS IN POSITION.

white clover bloom I extract if neces-
sary, and put a zinc excluder between
the sets of combs, confining the queen
below. If the brood is hatching in the
extracting super, or nearly ready to
hatch, I take it out, putting in empty
combs and use the brood in strengthen-
ing weaker colonies. I like to get
every colony so it is doing something to
help on the business, if nothing more
than to rear queens. The traps should
be put on at this visit. The arrange-

ment is the same as for comb honey,
except that when working for extracted
honey it is best to have partition boards
between the hives, so the bees will not
run from one hive to the other, as we
work with them. Get out a rectangu-
lar board 12 xl8x Yz then saw it diagon-
ally from corner to corner. Nail it on
to the studs and shelf boards. (They
are shown in the cut of the feeders. )
I once had a great prejudice against
drone-traps, but I had to overcome
that, for the}' are a great acquisition
for an out-yard house-apiary. As I
use them, it is more of a last resort, for
a very small per cent, of my bees ever
attempt to reallj' swarm. I use them
to head oft' the colonies that are deter-
mined to swarm, and would be other-
wise lost b3' going oft" to the woods.
The trap, besides being a queen- and
drone-trap, is also a sort of bee-escape.
I found that while manipulating the
bees in the house-apiary it was neces-
sary to have some place where the bees
could get from the outside of the hive
to the inside without going through the
window-escape. So the ends of the
trap each has a 1)^ inch hole bored
through it, and a wire cloth cone
nailed on the inside so the bees can
pass freely inside but not out. When
I am handling combs and wish to
shake the bees oft" I shake them on the
trap which is in position between the
hive and side of house- apiary, when
the bees will very soon pass inside. I
do not look over these brood-nests every
week, as with comb honey, as I have
found it unnecessary. I keep using
the brood from the extracting supers,
as it comes to maturity, for I want
rousing big colonies when white clover
opens. Too many wait until white
clover is in bloom before beginning to
work up their colonies. All the care
these bees get during the very busy
season is to see there is plenty of store-
room. I tier up, putting another set
of eight combs under the first super,
and still another if necessary. This

398

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

method brings the extracting- after the
comb honey rush is over, and the qual-
ity is so much better that I feel fully
paid for the extra stock of combs, hives,
etc. I was once an advocate of green
honey ; that is, extracting before capping,
but that was when I did not know
any better. I don't think it makes any
difference, as to the amount gathered,
for by my method the bees are not dis-
turbed and all broken up, as in the
case of extracting every week or so.
Hive-ripened honey will always hold
the trade in this locality. I believe
the wax secured from the cappings is
clear gain, as, otherwise, it is dropped
on the bottom-board and carried out by
the bees; for bees secrete wax when
honey is coming in freely whether they
use it or not.

ADVANTAGE OF BOTTOM-VRNTILATORS.

One of the beauties of the house-
apiary is the ventilation and the ease
bv which the bees secure it. When the
colonies get strong enough in the early
summer to require more air than can
easily be[taken through the entrances, I
push the slides back, giving full open-
ings at the bottom. We never have col-
onies hanging on the outside, as in the
ordinary yard, on a hot day. The
bees are more comfortable inside and
stay in at work where they belong.

The increase from colonies run for
extracted honey, is best made after the
white harvest is over, about August
1st. I have as many little nuclei,
with queens from selected stock, as
colonies are wanted, and dividethe most
populous. It is better to take most of
the hatching brood and some bees for
the nucleus. These little nuclei or
new colonies, will build up nicely for
winter, and furnish the very best col-
onies for another season.

FALL-FEEDING AND ITS ADVANTAGES.

My fall treatment is the same for
both house-apiaries. If the weather
has been favorable during August,
man}' of my colonies will have stored

enough for winter. About September
15, I take an inventory, and all colonies
not having at least 20 pounds are fed.
For feeders at this time of the year I
use ordinary gallon syrup cans. Test
them, for one that has a hole in is no
good as a feeder. I mix granulated
sugar, honey, and water with a little
tartaric acid, heating it by steam, and
making a fairly thick syrup, then fill
the gallon cans. Be sure to keep the
syrup free from dirt. This is done by
straining. Load the filled cans into
the wagon and draw to the house-
apiary, taking enough to do all the
feeding, for j'ou know we can put on
tivo gallons at a time, one on each
shelf-board if necessary. This would
make 23 pounds — enough for any col-
ony. Have some little pieces of wire
cloth yi inch square. Take out the
little stopper from the grooves. Crowd
in one of the wire cloth pieces so the
bees cannot get out. Invert the syrup
can by holding a strip of postal card
on the opening as you put it into the
cup, then draw the strip of card away.
(See cut No. 4.) After a little practice
this can be done without spilling a
drop, and the bees will do the rest. I
much prefer to do the feeding up quick
in the fall as there is no waste. Again
I say, strain the syrup so the little
wire screens will not get clogged, and
then the bees could not get the syrup.
In conclusion, while I do not like the
job of feeding, yet I have noticed when
I feed quite liberally in the fall I get a
large crop of honey from that lot of
bees next season. Add to liberal feed-
ing, young, queens, and our chances
are the best for a successful apiarian
run.

STILL FURTHER ADVANTAGES OF A
HOUSE-APIARY.

Then, too, with the house apiary,
there is practically no robbing. This
is a great relief, especially in the
spring when some colonies may be
weak. It is surprising how quickly

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

399

a small colony can be built up by giv-
ing- a pint of thin syrup each week.
This springing- of bees I originally ex-
pected to be one of the hard problems,
but I find the even temperature of the
house-apiary just the thing to hustle
the bees along in the early season.

WINTERING BEES IN A CELLAR.

I like best putting bees in the cellar
without any bottom-boards, stacking
them up on a table 16 inches high,
having a loose board top that can be
arranged so there will be an opening
one inch wide for ventilation. I have
experimented considerably as to the
size of this opening, until 1 am forced
to believe one inch for the bottom tier a
great plenty. This space can be in-
creased, the higher the location of the
stock, if one so desires, but it is not at
all necessary. The beauty of this
opening over an entrance is that it can-
not get clogged, as everything falls
down.

Our bees, once in a cellar such as I
have described, can be left alone until
it is time to put them out again.

This completes the round, I have
come back to the place of starting.

The most I can say for the manage-
ment here given is that it is successful,

and accomplishes the result sought
after.

Now, brother bee-keepers, don't think
the house-apiary a thing of the past,
for I honestly believe it offers the most
practicable equipment for an out-
yard. Think of the security, the pro-
tection, the convenience, the amount of
time saved, and the personal gratifica-
tion of working in a house-apiary.

A house-apiary like my Wilcox yard
costs $250 to build, and another $250 to
equip, making $500. This will accom-
modate 78 colonies of bees. You say,
"too expensive." Let's see. We buy a
farm and pay $6,000, which will, per-
haps, give us an annual net income of
$500, but that is too high. Take $1,000
invested properly in bees, and it will
yield $500. Then why be afraid to in-
vest a little money in bees ? I believe
the greatest drawback in bee-keeping
today is that so many people who keep
bees expect them to work for nothing
and board themselves. The practical
man has to make investments before he
can expect to realize. As for me, I ex-
pect to be a bee-keeper all my life, and
want my equipment as complete as
possible, so that the work, though
arduous at times, will be enjoyed in
the main.

LowviLLE, N. Y., Nov, 15, 1904.

allp ClheaiPp Sm(

mse^i^-piane^

BY A. A. LUDINGTON.

¥EARS ago I began making hives
that were formed of closed-end
frames hanging on two brackets, each
bracket being supported by a wire
loop slipped over a nail in a stake
driven into the ground. The frame-
stuff is all half an inch thick, and iVs

inches wide, except for the two out-
side frames, which arel% inches wide.
The front, back and bottom of the hive
are each simply a plain board, the
latter being hinged at the back edg
so that it can be let down. There was
little attempt at handling the combs of

400

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

the brood-nest. So long as all went
well, the combs were undisturbed; in
fact, the frames were numbered on the
ends, that each might go back in its
own place. The frames were eight in
number, and of good size — about 10
inches deep and 22 inches long. Open-
ings 5-16 wide, and 16 inches long are
cut out of the edges of the top bars,
thus giving the bees access to the
supers. As the top bars form a com-
plete floor, except the openings just
mentioned, there is no difficulty from
brace-combs. A small iron rod, at
each end of the hive, with a wooden
nut, holds the frames together so firmly

in which I could hang the hives upon
the wall the same as they had been
hung upon stakes.

HOW TO MAKE A CHEAP HOUSE-APIARY.

As an experiment I made a cheap
house, 8 X 14 feet in size, by 7^ feet in
heighth. The foundation is of stone,
the floor cement, the plates and sills of
4x4 scantling, and the sides boarded
up and down with cheap, inch lumber.
There are two rows of hives on each
side and one end, the door occupying
the north end. The house will accom-
modate 24 colonies. I have put on a
shingle roof but would prefer corruga-

General View of Ludington's House-Apiaries.
(Honey-house in the center — Shop in background. )

that the hive may be turned over and
over, or upside down with perfect
safety. In winter the hives and their
contents were carried into the cellar.

WHAT PROMPTED THE BUILDING OF A
HOUSE-AP lARY.

This hive and plan of management
worked to mj^ entire satisfaction, but I
finally noticed that the water soaked in
between the frames, causing them to
decay, and in my efforts to protect the
hives from the weather, I struck upon the
idea of using a cheap house- apiary

ted iron, as it is cheap and will not
burn. Seven hundred feet of lumber
will build the whole thing, and I think
the cost will fall inside of $25.00.

HOUSE-APIARY SATISFACTORY.

This honse-apiary worked so satis-
factorily that I soon built two more,
and I am this year building three
more, making six in all, whereby 144
colonies will be accommodated. The
advantages of the house-apiary ai^e that
it allows of the use of cheap and thin
lumber for hives and supers, and does

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

401

away with the necessity for painting-.
The bees and the bee-keeper, as well
as tools and hives, are sheltered from
the sun and storms, while the house
can be locked against thieves. Work
can be carried on, even in rainy
weather, while the trouble from rob-
bers is practically nothing-.

SUPER FRAMES SUPPORTED ON NAILS.

I produce extracted honey, princi-
pally. The frames in the supers are
about a foot square, and extend cross-
wise of the hives. They are placed
far enoug-h apart so that the bees draw
out the combs quite thick, and when I am
uncapping, I pare them down to about
1 '4 inches, leaving- them a little thicker
in the middle. When I first began
using- these frames I let the ends of the
top-bars rest in the rabbets of the
supers, but I now support them with
headless wire nails driven into the
ends of the top-bars, and find tliem

much better to handle. (A nail factory
was induced to make a lot of 115
pounds of nails without heads for Mr.
Luding-ton's use. They would not
bother to make less than that amount,
and it is not likely that Mr. Ludington
will need to buj' an}' more in years —
perhaps he would sell some if anybody
wished to buy — Ed. Review.)

FORETELLING SWARMING WITHOUT

TAKING OUT THE COMBS.

All of my queens are clipped, and
swarms are hived by allowing- them to
return to their old stands, althoug-h I
practice shook-swarming- to consider-
able extent. By the way, that hinged
bottom-board that can be dropped
down in a moment is a very valuable
feature of my system. The brood-
frames are always supplied with full
sheets of foundation, hence the combs
are smooth and straight, with few op-

The Ludington Hives.

These hives were taken out of doors and placed against the side of the honey-house that there
might be a good light for photographing thera. At the left are two supers with two combs removed.
At the right is a brood-nest with one comb removed, and the bottom board dropped.

402

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

portunities for queen cell building-; as
a result, nearly all of the queen cells
are built along- the lower edg-es of the
combs. As my bottom-bars are nar-
row, only about ^s inch, it is an easy
matter to see the cells from looking- at
the bottom of the combs, and this view
may be secured instantly by simply
dropping- the bottom-board. The bees
can easily be driven up among- the
combs by the use of smoke, when, by
using- a hand mirror, if necessary, a
view can be secured that extends quite

cellar for wintering, but I have many
times wintered some of them in the
houses. In this case, the lower en-
trance is closed in September, that the
bees may become accustomed to the
upper entrance, which is just at the
top of the frames. The reason for
using- an upper entrance in a house-
apiary is that there is always a
strong- draft in at the entrance and up
through the hives; and, by having the
entrance at the top of the hives, this
draft up through the hive is avoided.

■•'-•^*ii'y»'W »i>.ii3iji(ni>

-m-^m^^

.f

A Nearby View of a House-Apiary.
At the left may be seen the foundation for the building of another house-apiary.

a distaiice up between the combs. If
the light is insufticient, some one can
stand out of doors with another mirror
and throw a flood of sunshine under
the hive that is being examined. Such
an examination will show if there is
sealed brood in the combs, and we can
in this way determine if a young queen
has begun laying. These things may be
learned without any lifting of supers,
or tearing to pieces of the brood-nest.
As a rule, the bees are carried into a

I use a chaff cushion over each hive,
or to be more exact, a shallow box
filled with chaff, the lower side being
covered with wire cloth, having a
piece of cotton cloth above the screen.
There is a cover over the top of the box,
nailed on, that there may be no spill-
ing of chaff, but there are numerous
small holes in the cover to allow the
moisture to pass oft".

Verona Mills, Mich., June 11, 1904.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

403

«^M•^*»,«^««»Jr^^«*^<^■Jrm«»«^»*«Jr».<^«<«««J<^»m.•/^»«t»u»u•».rk^uF»^«^«^u»^^lur»^>l^^,^,^^1^^l^^.,^^^^,^^^^^^^, ^^^^^^

Hoffman Frames I use to start
the fire with, and, sometimes, when I
am using- these frames I am hot enoug-h
without any fire — I found tlie foreg^oing-
penciled on the back of a letter. I
don't give it as an argument; simply
that the pun may be enjoyed.

A Confectioner in Colorado, so
writes J. A. Green in Gleanings, is
using comb honey as an ingredient in
the manufacture of a high grade
candy. The comb makes the candy
"stand up" better. It is possible that
here is a market that might be culti-
vated with profit.

*^u"'»^>i^^»ii«

The Small Nuclei, with only a
handful of bees, have been given quite
a thorough trial this year. The ver-
dict .seems to be that they work per-
fectly during a honey flow, but many
report failure after the honey flow,
during the cool weather of the fall.
Liberal out door feeding has, how-
ever, made a success of these little
nuclei even as late as the end of Sep-
tember.

•■^a^rf^ir'iH^i^

Reckless Assertions have been
made at several conventions regarding
the change that takes place in sugar
or nectar when gathered or handled by
the bees and stored in the combs as
honey. There seems to be a sort of
resentment that any sort of change is
effected by the bees, an unwillingness
to accept decisions of chemists and
scientists on this subject, an inclina-
tion to make rash assertions in opposi-
tion to the positive knowledge of such
men as Prof. Cook, Mr. Thos. W.
Cowan, Prof. W. H. Wiley and Dr. J.
H. Kellogg. An assertion regarding
something of which we have no actual
knowledge, has no weight and carries

no proof, and it ill becomes a layman
to place his bare assertions in opposi-
tion to the positive knowledge of the
scientist.

Chas. Stewart, Sammonsville, N.
Y., writes as follows: "Your call for
articles on the management of out-
apiaries is all right, and ought to
bring out something valuable. If I
can get a single idea in connection
with the system of locating out-yards
along trolley lines, it will pay for the
Review many times over.

Double Covers, a sort of cover
above a cover, the upper cover acting
as a shade board, have been made and
boomed quite a little of late, but J. A.
Green, in Gleanings, says such covers
become pitifully ramshackle affairs
after a few years use in Colorado. Mr.
Green prefers his shade-boards sep-
parate from the covers.

«^»jr^«A»'*<'»^»

The Appointment, as "Apicultural
Clerk" in the Bureau of Entomology
at Washington, of Miss Jessie E.
Marks, of New York, daughter of the
Chairman of the Board of Directors of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
is noted with interest.

Miss Marks has passed a creditable
Civil Service Examination, held last
summer, having received the highest
general average in the rating, both in
technical questions in apiculture, as
well as on the total summing up. She
has acted as her father's secretary for
several years, conducting the rather
extended correspondence which his
duties as Chairman of the Board have
required of him.

•ft'ti^^fi^Mn.

A New System of management will
be described in an early issue of the

404

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Review. It is one that promises to be
superior to "shook-s warming'" in the
following respects: No shaking; no
liandling- of the brood; no possibility
of the queen being- in the wrong hive;
no clanger of after-swarming; no pos-
sibility of absconding; no increase un-
less desired; no hunting for and des-
troying- of queen cells, yet the whole
force of bees is kept together the whole
season, and the colony may be re ■
queened with a cell built under the
swarming impulse if so desired. Too
g-ood to be true ? Well, it has proved
a success with one of Ontario's most
successful bee-keepers, and he has
described it in an article for the
Review.

the making of a motion to that effect,
letting the increase begin with Janu-
ary 1st, 1905. If there are any objec-
tions let me hear them.

•t'jf.^t'^^^p^^

««^«,<»«^»«««,

The General Manager that we
now have for the National Association
is doing more good for the cause than
was ever done by any other Manager.
I think all will agree to this, and that
no one's feeling-s will be hurt by the
assertion. Twice at the St. Louis
convention, the matter of his small pay
was broug-ht up, and a vote was taken
instructing the Directors to find some
way of increasing his salary. It is true
that the amount of work that he does, if
performed for somelirm, or corporation,
would secure a salary of several hun-
dreds of dollars, while he receives onl3'
about $150. His labor is largely a
labor of love. When the Board, some
three years ago, reduced the Mana-
ger's salary from 20 per cent, of the
gross receipts to 15 per cent., not
nearly so much work was being done
by the Manager, and nearly all of the
members were paying $1.00each. Now
nearly all the members come in on the
half dollar rate. The membershiphas
doubled, while the gross proceeds have
not greatly increased. This means a
lot of work for the Manager, with very
little more pay. In my opinion, the
Directors cannot do less than pay their
Manager the full 20 per cent, allowed
by the constitution. I have in mind

KEEPING BEES IN LARGE NUMBERS.

When urg-ing the keeping of more
bees, bee-keepers have said to me:
"That is all right, but tell us how to
do it. How shall we secure the desired
help, and how shall the work be
done?" An important feature of the
Review for the coming year will be the
g-iving of that very information. In
response to my request for articles on
this subject, I now have on hand arti-
cles from a dozen veterans who, in the
aggregate, own more than 10,000 col-
onies I No one of them owns less than
400 colonies, and one of them has 1,700
colonies. These men will tell how
they have been successful in keeping
larg-e numbers of bees. The first
article will appear in the January
Review.

HOUSE-APIARIES PECULIARLY ADAPTED
TO OUT-YARDS.

This month's Review brings out
clearl}^ some of the advantages of
house-aplaries for use at out-yards.
With the houses made portable, a la
Townsend, it seems as if this system
would be peculiarly adapted to the
management of out-yards. One most
important point, especially where sev-
eral apiaries are managed by visiting
them at regular intervals, is that the
bee-keeper is independent of the
weather. That is, the actual work of
the apiary be performed even if it does
rain. This eliminates one of the un-
certainties of managing several apia-
ries on the "shook-swarming" plan in
a country where it is likely to rain for
several days in succession. Of course,
there might be some travelling to be
done in the rain, but b}'^ the use of
water proof clothing and blankets,
this can be endured rather than to
allow the bees to get the start of the
bee-keeper.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

405

FORETELLING SWARMING WITHOUT
OPENING THE HIVE.

Mr. Luding'ton, as described in his
article in this issue, certainly has an
eas}' and novel method of foretelling
swarming without opening the hive.
That this method is practical I well
know from my experience with the
Heddon hive, in which the cells are
almost universally built between the
two sets of combs. Mr. F. J. Miller,
of London, Ontario, once told me that
he had for years foretold swarming in
this way with the Heddon hives. All
that is necessary is to lift the upper
section of the brood-nest to know if
queen cells are being' built. The lift-
ing- of the upper section is not so very
objectionable until the supers are piled
on top of it, when the lifting of them is
a decided drawback. Mr. Miller has
given much thought to devising some
plan whereby the supers may be lifted
quickly and easily, but has not yet
succeeded to his satisfaction.

Automobiles, so it seems, may yet
become as cominon as bicycles, per-
haps more so, and the almost insane
hatred of them that crops out in some
localities is to be deplored. It is al-
most in keeping with the maledictions
pronounced upon steam cars when
they were first proposed — they would
frighten teams. They will always
frighten horses that are not accustomed
to them. So will anything else that
the horse is not accustomed to. There
is a story, and perhaps it is only a
story, but it illustrates the point, and
it is to the effect that a city horse, when
taken out in the country, fairly
trembled with fright when he saw a
fozv. How horses did shy at bicycles
years ago. Now find a horse, if j'ou
can, that paj's any attention to
bic3xles. Horses are imitative ani-
mals. Teach one generation not to
fear the automobile, and the next gen.

eration will not fear them. Having
said all this I must say that those who
run automobiles on the public highway
ought to use all possible care and pre-
cautions not to frighten horses. There
is no doubt that a disregard for this
upon the part of some has much to do
with the prejudice against the auto-
mobile.

What has all this to do with bee-
keeping ? Just this, the establishment
and management of out-apiaries calls
for a conveyance of some kind, and
when automobiles are cheaper and
more simple in construction, they will
be the ideal conveyance for the man
with out-apiaries. They can go fast,
will not tire, balk nor run away, and
the bees will not sting them. Per-
haps the power may be utilized to run
the extractor.

M»-WUf^ft*M'

"SUGAR honey" not INSIPID.

Deacon Hardscrabble comes up brisk-
ly, in the American Bee-Keeper, to the
defense of his position in opposition to
using sugar as a stimulative feed in
spring. He makes one bad break,
however, and that is where he says:
"Perhaps the sugarees can tell weuns
how it happens that honey from their
yards is often so flat and insipid." If
the insinuation is that some of the sugar
is stored in the surplus, thus giving
the surplus an insipid taste, I can only
say that the Deacon must be drawing
upon an imagination already sadly
overtaxed. If there is any honey in
this world that is smooth, rich and
oily, the very opposite of insipid, it is
that made by feeding sugar to bees.
If sugar is fed in the spring for the
purpose of keeping up breeding, and,
by hook or crook, some of the sugar
is stored in the surplus, it will not be to
the detriment of the latter. I am not
advocating the feeding of sugar for the
sake of having it stored in the supers,
but, if the subject is to be discussed,
let the truth be told.

406

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Another weak spot in the Deacon's
arg'ument is found in the following:
"Perhaps they (the sugarees) will
elucidate the because why the onex-
pected caller so often finds feeders full
of syrup 'accidentally^' left on during-
the harvest."

I know some bee-keepers are sadly
lacking- in business ability, but I have
yet to meet one so far "off" as to keep
bees at home by feeding them sugar at
five cents a pound, when they might
otherwise go out in the fields and
gather honey for nothing.

^'Waf-m^-m^-m^

"feeding back" a distinct branch
of bee-keeping.

At the St. Louis convention the mat-
ter of the profit in feeding bees
sugar that it might be stored in the
sections was quite thoroughly dis-
cussed. The position was taken by
some that it was folly for people to
say that the bees were fed sugar that
they might make it into honey, that
there was no profit in it. Dr. Miller
asked: "If I feed sugar at five cents a
pound, how much must I sell the pro-
duct for to get my money back ?" No
one could tell him, and, if there could
have several persons answered him,
there would have been as many dift'er-
ent answers as there were persons.
It was finally voted that Louis Scholl,
of the Texas Experiment Apiary,
should make some experiments and
report.

Let me say that the feeding- of sugar
or honey, that it be stored in the sec-
tions, is as distinct a branch of bee-
keeping as that of commercial queen
rearing. Mr. Doolittle once made
some experiments in feeding back
honey that it might be stored in sec-
tions, and reported a decided loss. I
have fed thousands of pounds in which
I secured three pounds of comb honey
from the feeding of four pounds of ex-
tracted hone^'; and there you are. It
depends upon the weather (the temper-

ature), the strain of bees, the strength
of the colonies, the size of the hive, the
consistency and temperature of the
feed, and a whole lot of details too
numerous to mention. An experiment
in this line will prove little, or noth-
ing, as almost any results can be
secured. Although I have made a de-
cided success of "feeding back," I am
not inclined to advise it for the general
bee-keeper.

■»*^«^*R«n«^

sugar for WINTER-STORES.

In the last issue of the Review Mr.
Townsend re-affirms his good opinion
of sugar as winter stores for bees.
Mr. A. C. Miller thinks it was not the
sugar so much as the fact that the feed-
ing- allowed the bees to place the food
where they would find it most conven-
ient for winter use. Dr. Miller, in
Gleanings, quotes from a foreign bee
journal the views and experience of
Herr Reidenback regarding the use of
sugar, to the effect that sugar is so
lacking in nitrogenous matter that bees
having nothing else to live on during
the winter are likely to come out in
the spring with their vitality sadly
impaired. Mention is made of two
populous colonies wintered entirely'
on sugar. They passed the winter
fairly well, but "petered out" in the
spring. In opposition to this let me
say that years ago, when the "pollen
theory" was at its height, I several
times wintered colonies successfully
on sugar stores alone. Not onlj' did
they winter well, but built up well in
the spring-. In doing this I took pains
to select combs in which there was not
one cell of pollen. The bees were
shaken upon the combs, after brood
rearing and honey gathering were
past, and then fed sugar syrup until
the combs were full and sealed over.
Of course I know that bees must have
some nitrogenous food in order to re-
pair waste tissue, but there is very
little waste of tissue during the semi-
hibernation of winter, and as soon as

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

407

they are able to fly in spring-, there is
pollen to gather.

One great difficult with successful
wintering- of bees here in the North,
seems to be the excess of nitrogenous
food in the honey. It overloads the in-
testines and brings on dysentery. The
use of sugar has so often proved al-
most a specific for this difficulty, that
it seems as though it might almost be
accepted as a fact that the feeding of
sugar in the fall will prevent dysen-

tery. Unless the stores are honey
dew, or something of that character, I
doubt the advisability of removing any
natural stores, but, where there are
wintering troubles, I most earnestly
urge the trial of feeding each colony
ten pounds of sugar after the close of
the breeding season. This will be
stored where it will be most likely to
be used during the period of confine-
ment, while the bees will not be left
wholly without nitrogeneous food.

General Index to Volume XYII.

INDEX TO SUBJECTS.

Advice, Expert 243

Adopting Apiculture 373

Ad verisiiig in the Review 160

Advertising Honey by Co-operative Means.. 234
Advertising Honey, Could not the National

do .Something in the way of 167

Agriculture, Progress of Apicultural work at

the Dept. of 305

Artificial Comb Honey. How to Combat the

Foolish Stories about 311

Association, Advantages of 337

Association, International Bee and Honey

Inspectors' 47

Associations can sell the Honey of its Mem-
bers 308

Bee Journals a Necessity — not lyuxuries 17

Bee Journals, Starting and Publishing 163

Bee-Keeping as a Business 206

Become Bee- Keepers, the way in which most

of us have 154

Black Brood in Michigan 275

Boardman's Honey has Candied 160

Broadness needed in Attaining Highest Suc-

ces ■ 338

Burying Bees in Clamps 357

Business, your present 55

Card Index for Keeping track of Valuable

Articles 164

Cappiugs, washing honey from 209

Cash Buyers Instead of Commission Men,

Encourage 362

Candidates be discussed in Advance of Nom-
inations. Shall Prospective 371

Canard Still Doing its D, adly work. Artifi-
cial Comb Honey 242

Camera, Some of the Advantages of Using a 344

Canaying of honey 278

California Bee-Keeping, a Fine Picture of. . . . 241

Cheshire's Views on wintering Bees 374

Clamps, wintering Bees in 357

Correspondence Schools for Teaching Bee-
Keeping 240

Comb honey Production, Shook Swarming

and 196

Comb and Extracted honey, Reasons for Pro-
ducing Both 115

Comb or Extracted honey, which is the more

Profitable to Produce 48

Co-operation, Advertising Honey by Means of 234

Criticisims on Past Articles 301

Dittmer's factory Burned 82

Drummer sold Honey, How a 266

Equalizing Colonies iii

Extracting Honey Expeditiously 231

Extracted Honey, Handling and care of.... 261
Extracted Honey, Management of Out- Api-
aries for 37

Extracted Honey, which is the More Profit-
able to Produce, Comb or 48

Extracted Honey Profitably, Securing I<arge

Yiel Is of 193

Exchange, National Honey 335

Expert Advice 243

Expert Advice, First Case of 309

Factories for hive-making 160

Feeding .Sugar 47

Feeding Back Extracted honey 247

Feeding Bees sugar in the String and Fall.. 306

Fnding Queens in the Fall 304

Foretelling Swarming is to be Patented,

Method of 82

Formalin Gas for Treating Black Brood 122

Formalin Gas, Peculiarities of 123

Formaldehyde, Funiugating Black Brood

Combs with 152

Frames on Nails, Supporting 14

Friction-top Cans and Pails 159

Funiugating Black Broody Combs with For-
maldehyde 152

Getting Bees off the Combs when Extracting

Honey 118

Handling and Care of Extracted honey -261

Hatching Eggs over a hive of Bees 20-^

Hives, Shall Bee- Keepers Make Their own. . 20
Hives at Home, Some Suggestions for

Making 39

Hives, Excellent advice to the Makers of

home-made 41

Hives, home-made Versus Factory-made 50

Hive-Stand, Using a Tile for a 122

Hoffman Frames and Some of their Disad-
vantages 199

Honey-Boards and the need of Wide, Deep

Top-Bars 306

Honey Route, Establishing a 359

Hone V Houses, Portable 74

Holidays, hobbies and how they may help us 325

Insurance 47

International Bee and Honey Inspectors' As-
sociation 47

Keeping More Bees 56, 163

Keeping Bees in I<arge Numbers 369

408

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Keeping Members of an Association 84

Knives, how to treat honey 203

Late reared queens, advantages of 241

I,adies' Home Journal and the comb honey

canard 203

I<ewis Co. G. B , makes Improvements 162

I,essons of the past winter 83

Locality, influence of 339

Mating 300 queens by using the bees of one

colony 70

Manufactured comb honey canard 336

Management of out-apiaries for extracted

honey 37

Mempries of the Wisconsin 82

Mistakes Z^7

Moisture in the wintering of bees, influence

of 297

Moisture and ventilation in bee hives and

cellars 7

Morehouse, death of Mr. H C 275

Nails, supporting frames on 14

National Association should vise its money

in a different way 368

Neatness in the apiary 307

New bee-keeping, the 52

Nomination of officers 205, 336

Observation hives 274

One thousand colonies iji one apiary 47

Order and system, advantages of 18

Orange bloom yields sparingly a delicious

honey 189

Orange bloom honey sometimes secured in

large quantities 274

Overstocking 125,204,343

Overstocking varies with the flow and the

season 237

Overstocking, location and strength of col-
onies versus 157

Overstocking a good localitj' is exceedinglj'

difficult 78

Out-apiaries, starting 5

Out-apiaries, without help, managing eleven 9
Out-apiaries for extracted honey, manage-
ment of 37

Paper Protection for hives 333

Pa alysis. bee 87

Planing mill man, some pertinant advice

from the 45

Plans and their execution 305

Polariscopic examinations of honey 306

Populous colonies secured by shook-swarm-

ing 127

Portable honey houses 74

Preparations and plans 341

Prices for honey at wholesale, how to get

better 326

Propolis differs in different localities 372

Profitable to produce, comb or extracted ... .

honey, which is the more 48

Protest from a supply dealer, a 51

Prepardness the secret of most successes. ... i5
Quality of queens, keeping track of the age

and 264

Queen trade, to abandon the 13

Queens, testing 240

Queens in the fall, finding 304

Queens mating more than once 161, 202

Queens, advantages of late reared 241

Queens, keeping track of the age and quality 264
Queens by using the bees of one colony,

mating 300, 70

Queens and their influence upon success in

bee culture 369

Review, date of the 81

Review, boquets for the 12

Report, shall the National publish a steno-
graphic 1 24

Repository above ground, wintering 312

Rendering wax 160

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal 81

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal has been sold., ibi
Roar because they are uncomfortable, bees.. 77

Rural bee-keeper 159

School children, talking bees to .... 241

Selling 14,000 puonds of honey to 3000 people 229

Selling 20,000 pounds of hone3' at 12 cents per

pound 293

.Selling honey to grocers, some novel metoods

of 299

Sell the honey of its members, how Associa-
tions can 308

Self reliance 46

Shook-swarms, preventing the loss of brood

when making 162

Shook-swarms, the successful making of . 400, 113

Shook-swarming 8,s

Shook-swarming and comb honey produotion 196
Shook-swarni'ng, how it should be managed 191
Shook-swarming and Michigan's uncertain

weather 149

Shook-swarming, one way that always suc-
ceeds with 365

Shook-swarming, populous colonies secured

by 127

Shook-swarming — how to avoid some of its

annoyances 209

.Smoke in handling bees, the right use of.. .. 305

Sold honey, how a drummer 266

Spend mone.v on bees, when to 163

Spring management 5

Specialist and atnateur 205

Specialty versu-f mixed bee-keeping 337

Stand up and be a man 122

Stenographic report, shall the National pub-
lish a 124

Stick to one thing 15

Statistics, shall the National Association

gather honey 53

Staples being thrown away 239

Supporting frames on nails 14

Sugar feeding 27

Success dependent upon many things 204

.'Subjects for bee journals, suitable 342

Swarm, how to tell, without opening a hive

when a colony will 49

Tarred paper not a success as protection for

bees 304

Testing queens 240

Tile for a hive stand, using a . . . ' 122

Trade mark, a National 246

Trade. laying the foundation for an extracted

hone}' 329

Uncapping combs 274

Uncapping and extracting honey expedi-
tiously 231

Ventilation and moisture in bee hives and

cellars 7

Vinegar, from honey from cappings, making 209

Western Bee Journal., 239

Wiring brood frames 55

Winter, lessons of the 83

Wintering bees influence of moisture in the. 297
Wintering of bees, requisites for the success-
ful." 1 332

Wintering bees, Mr. Cheshire's views on 374

Wintering of bees, some basic principles in

the • 364

Wintering bees in Northern Michigan 357

Wintering repository above ground 312

Writing articles for farm journals 383

INDEX TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Achard, C B 165

Ahlers, C 293

Alexander, E W 78, iii, 152, 193, 264

Atwater. E. F . g

Callbreath. John S 278

Cady. M P 39

Cheshire Frank 374

Crims W. W : 45

France, N' E. . : , 229

Getaz, Adrian • 41

Gill. M. A 85,113,23-

Green. J. A 115, 199, 343, .■^72

Hart, W. S 189

Hahman, Wm 234

Heddon, Jas 334

Holterman, R. F 46

Hutchinson, W . Z 325

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

409

Kinyon, Irving 154

Kirby, W. H 56

Laws, W. H 71

Lathrop. Harry 1 25, 332

l,oiicks Fred H 391

IvUdington, A. A 398

Miller, S. E 209

Miller, Arthur C 364

Morehouse, H. C 127, 157, 209

Morgan. E. A 78

Muth, Fred W 299

Niver, S A 266, 301

Olinstead, C. A 191

Pouder, W. S Si

Poppleton, 0.0 . 87

Root, E. K 20, 55

Shepard, M. W 247

Smith, A W 362

,'^niith C. F 7, 297, 329, 359

,Stoflet, F 309

Starh ey, C. E 167

Townsend, E. -D., 37, 74, 118, 149, 196, 231, 201,
326, 357

Discount on all orders sent in
during December. By sending
your order now you will save
money and secure prompt
shipment. Our Kives, Sec-
tions, etc., are of perfect work-
manship. Send for catalogue
— free for the ordering.
Page & Lyon M'f'g Co.,

New London, Wis.

io-04-tf

Comb and Extracted

Honey Ulanted.

State kind and quality, how put
up, and lowest price.

CHARLES KOEPPEN,
6-o4-9t. Fredericksburg, Va.

Bee= Keepers
Look Here!

Do you wish to buy bees or queens the coming
season, or do you want an apiary already loca-
ted in vSouth Texas? If so, we can supply you.
We have 4,000 colonies of bees to sell the coming
season, and will sell them in any way it best
suits you. We will sell here, location aiid all, or
will ship them to you in any quantify you may
wish . We mean to please you in the way of bees
and queens, and a trial is all we shall ask to con-
vince you

We make a specialty of bees in carload lots,
also I-, 2- and -i-franie nuclei and full colonies
ready to go at all times. Prices cheap, quoted
on application. We produce queens in a whole-
sale waj' and are never undersold with the
same quality of queens

Untested queens from now until February ist.
$1.00 each, or fg 00 per dozen. Tested |i. 50 eacii.
or $12.00 per dozen.

We breed 6 different races in their purity,
from 6 to 30 miles apart.

Our new 1905 catalogue will be ready to mail
Dec. ist, which will describe these different
races of bees and their management wi ite for
it We have a large stock of honey cans for sale
at all times, and will buy your honey in season.
Highest market price paid for beeswax at all
times: wax worked into foundation on easy-
terms. Address,

THE BEE & HOIlEy CO.

Will Atehley, Prop.
Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.

The Wood Bee Hive
and Box Co.,

Lansing,

Michigan

gives six per cent,
discount until Jan. i,
on the best Dove-
tailed Hive made.
Circular ready to
mail — 3'OU need it.
200 secon d-h and
hives for sale cheap.

12-04-tf

410

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Ten Volumes of Fiction.

To occasionally imbend and read a
good story actually does us good, and it
is with pleasure that I am abletomake
an offer of excellent fiction at an un-
precedentedly low price. The Success
Co. (publisher of the Success Maga-
zine) has gathered together nearly six-
ty stories that are veritable gems of
literature. Each story is complete in
itself— not fragmentary, as in some so-
called '"libraries."

There is not room to mention all of
the authors, over fifty in number, but
here are a few of the names: Bayard
Taylor, Frank R. Stockton, Edward

Rebecca Harding Davis, Frances
Hodgson Burnett, Octave Thanet, and
many others in this same high class.

The ten volumes contain nearly 2,000
pag'es, and are strongly and richly
bound in silver-gray, watered cloth
having the appearance of fine silk.

Now as to the offer: I will send that
splendid, helpful, monthly magazine,
"Success," and the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view one j'ear. and these ten volumes
of fiction, for only $3.75. At this
price, the books costs only 20c apiece.

This set of books may also be secur-
ed by adding S2.00 to any of the club-
ofters made on page 387.

Bellamy, C. A. Stephens, N. P. Willis

W. Z, HUTCHINSON, Flint, Michigan.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

411

Tbis is Good Rea^diog.

YnLI^OWZONBS.

I am ^^oing' to do something I have
never done before, and may never do
again, and that is to recommend,
through the Review, a medicine. Its
name is "yellowzones, " and it is man-
ufactured by W. B. House, of DeTour,
Michigan. The doctor is "one of our
folks," so to speak. He is interested
in bees, a subscriber to the Review,
and is, I believe, the one who wrote
the glossary in Root's A B C of Bee
Culture, and made the first two revis-
ions of that valuable book.

Yellowzones are not a secret prepara-
tion. The doctor tells exactly of what
they are composed, and if you wish to
consult with your own physican be-
fore using them, you can do so. A
box received by us, a month or two
ago, came, as good fortune would have
it, on the very day Mrs. Hutchinson
was down with one of her severe head-
aches. For years she had been afflict-
ed in this way, and we had neverfound
anything that would stop them — once
the attack commenced it had to run its
course. Within ten minutes after we
began giving yellowzones the pain

eased off and she went to sleep,

A week or two later I was awakened
by neuralgia of the stomach. I lay
quiet, hoping it would go away, but it
gradually became more severe. Final-
ly I slipped out of bed and took a yel-
lowzone. The pain ceased instantly,
and I dropped off to sleep as though
nothing had happened. Since then I
am satisfied that by the use of yellow-
zones I warded off an attack of La
Grippe. I am not very much in favor
of "doping," it is better to so live that
there will be no need for medicine, but
with the environments in which some
of us live, it is well nigh impossible to
entirely avoid the use of medicines;
and when their use does become neces-
sary, we wish those remedies which
will "do the business." Yellowzones
are "HOT SHOT" to pain and fever.
If you wish to know more about them,
write to Dr. House. Let me close by
saying that Dr. House knows nothing
of this notice that I am giving his med-
icine—he will probably be the most
surprised of anyone who reads it. —
Editorial by W. Z. Hutchinson, B. K.
R., March, igoi.

A Final Thought Concerning It.

My friend, you have read the above honest, spontaneous testimonial. You and I are strangers, but
most of yon know Mr. Hutchinson and you know that no such
testimony would ever have found place among his editorials ex_
cept after the most deliberate thought, and with an honest desire
to help his people. And you know, too, as well as I do, that
MONEY could not have bought any such notice.

1 believe, my friend, that both you and I are honest. I guar-
antee to return your money, AND SEND ANOTHER BOX, if not
entirely satisfied. Now on such a guarantee, backed by such tes-
timony, YOU ARE NOT RISKING the dollar that you will send right now for a box of yellowzones.

Y

Z

Price $i.oo per box; trial size, 25 cents.

W. B. HOVSn, M. D., De Tour, Mich.

412

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

m

San Joaquin

Valley
of California

offers opportunities unequaled for Intensive
Farming. Ten irrigated acres there are equal
to a quarter section in Illinois or Iowa.

Winterless climate ;
Perpetual sunshine;
Rich soil ;
Plenty of water.

The
Greatest Valley in the World

Send for our literature

GENERAL PASSENGER OFFICE

The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. System

Railway Exchange, Chicago

PAXEINX, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24

VEiARS the: beist. catalog freie:.

F. BINGHAM, FARWEZLL, MICH.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $to.oo last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review— simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
l)e done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

— If you are going to-

BUY A BUZZ - SA\Sr,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

{ROOT'S BEE«SUPPliIES

AT

I^OOT'S Pt^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL. Kendall, Mich

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

413

ALLEY'S QUEEN AND DRONE
TRAP 35c.

It automaticiilly catches and cages drones and queens. It
insures you against loss of bees through swarming, by catch-
ing tlie queen and preventing its leaving the hive. It will
also prevent drones from entering the hive. They sell regular-
ly at 50c. Our price, each 35c.

Doll's Bee Supply Manufacturing Co.
Power BIdg., Minneapolis, Minn.

&^

53K
5iS

Are you looking for

QUEENS?

If so I can furnish you queens of the
following races by return mail:

Three- and five-banded Italians, C3^-
prians, Holj' Lands, Carniolans and
Albinos.

Untested, of either race, 75c each;
Select, Untested, $1.00 each; six for
$4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested, of either
race, $2.00 each; six for $10.00; one
dozen, $18.00; Breeders, $4.50 each.
Safe arrival guaranteed.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

From the Cotton Belt Apiaries are as good
as the best and as cheap as the cheapest, and
you can get them by return mail at the following
prices : Untested, 50 cts. ; tested, 75 cts. ; breeders
$3.00. We make one- two- and three-frame nu-
clei a specialty. Write for circular and price
ist, which gives full information. 4-04-91

Box 83,

Roxton, I,amar Co., Texas.

FOR SAI,E — Single and double walled hives; or
will exchange for bees. F. T. HOOPBS,

io-04-3t Bast Dowuiugtowu, Penn.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing business in every State
in the Union and in many foreign countries.

The demand for L,aws' queens has doubled any
previous season's sales.

lyaws' queens and bets Tre putting up a large
share of the hon^y now sold

I^aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over
the world. Why? Because it is the best to
be had.

Remember ! That I have a larger stock than ever;
that I can send you a queen any mouth in
the year and guarantee safe delivery; that I
have many fine breeders on hand. Price,
$3.00 each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for $6.00.
Prices reduced after March 15. Send for
circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

1 1=2 STORY,

8-frame hives, either plain, or bee-way
supers, $1.00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 ft. shipping cases, $13.00
for 100; 12 ft) $8.00 for 100; 20 ft Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. One year's
subscription to Bee Journal Free with
orders of $5.00 or over. Send for free
list.

W. D. SOPER,

R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

414

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

■ iiiiningiiiiiinifimiiiiiinninnfimiiiFiiminiifmiimifiiiininiiiiMiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiinniiBimimiai^

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purifj'ing wax, and will defy

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purity. Send for a sample

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sections and shipping
cases, besides, being

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and catalog and be your own
judge. Working wax a spec-
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dealers in beekeepers'

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is the time for you to send in

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supplies. Send in

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your wax and have it worked

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into foundation. Highest pri-

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not accepted. A full line of

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Bee Supplies

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IVIaFshfield, Wis.

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AUGUST WEISS,

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3-04 tf NEW LONDON, WIS.

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Root's Goods 2vt

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WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

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POUDER'S Honey Jars and

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everything used by Bee-Keepers.

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L,arge and complete stock on hand

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E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

=■•■:■ =

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at all times. L,ow freight rates.

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Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

mill

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

1 1

Foundation.

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Walter S. Poucler

513-515 Mass. Ave.

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INDIANAPOI^L-s, IND

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IE

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 415

i Bee= Keepers Knew i

p Bee= Keepers Knew b

#^ THAT '0,

1 DflDANT'S FOUNDATION I

m WAS THE BEST. ij

ii li

% They still know that it EXCELS. W

^1 Over 100,000 Pounds sold during- the past season. |p
^^ Its 27th Year. We guarantee satisfaction. ||

ii iJ

Jj 5 per cent, discount | BEE SUPPLIES of all kinds. |S
is this month. * BEESWAX wanted at all times %

Ii We WORK WAX into FOUNDATION. M

'%% . '4U

^M Send for free catalog, prices, etc. ^^

% X^hOhHT & SOfi% . if

i H^rniltop, Illinois, i

» p

^.^- L.. C &■ A. G. WOOD/AAW, Gran^ Ra.pi<ls ,f^

iL% agents for f^icbig^n 3-04-iot ^g

DI/^ ni^Pni IIVT^ ^" ^^^ Supplies, Berry Boxes
DIVJ UioV^VJUil lO and Crates now while we can

serve yon promptly. Address

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

For ROOT'S GOODS in

MICHIGAN

M. H. HUNT & SON

Send for Catalog Bell Branch, Mich*

416

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Dovetailed Hive Showing the
Mastnian Feeder in Position.

There is a gTowing demand
for a feeder that can be used for
simulative feeding- in spring; one
that can be left under the hive
all summer, and one that can be
used at all times without excit-
ing robbing. The

EASTjVIflH
FEEDER

fills the bill. We show one in
place, one sianding on end and
one on cover.

It 0^X0-111 DTP Bee-Hives, Sections, Fences, Smokers, Foundation
Ur lU UrtlC Comb, Bee Veils, Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Supplies, manufactured and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

I CBN SEIiIi GOODS CHEAPER

than the majority of dealers
can furnish them, and here
are some of the reasons why: I am in the heart of the lumber reg^ions,
where lumber is cheap and there is no freig^ht to pay; I am in a small
country town where labor is cheap; I have new, up-to-date labor-sav-
ing machinery run by water xiower — the cheapest power in the world.
Not only will I sell goods cheaper, but / will pay the freight to Chi-
cag"o, St. Paul or Minneapolis, on shipments passing through those
points. Send for my catalog- and g-et my prices before ordering-.

THE RURAL BEE KEEPER

A monthly bee journal devoted to the interest of the Bee Keepers of America will teach
you how to make money with Bees. May number tells about feeding bees. July is de-
voted to Queen Rearing; August to marketing honey. September to preparation for winter;
October, the wintering problem. I aim to give big value for your money. Swarming, and
how it is being controlled to the cash benefit of the Bee Keeper, i- the subject upon which
the June number treats. It will be the purpose of the Rural Bee Keeper to champion the
cause of the small country bee keeper, to show him the way 'o make money out of bees,
by first showing how to produce the greatest amount of cho!C'~ honey in the shape that
will bring the best cash return with the least expense, and .ater will show him how to
cash his crop. Subscribe now. Begin with the first issue and get fifty dollars worth of
good sound information in one year for fifty cents.

IN THE FRONT RANK

Beverly, N. J., July 17, 1904.
W. H. Putnam,

River Falls, Wis.
Dear Sir:—

I must congratulate you on the reading matter you have in the Rural Bee Keeper, it
is all that could be desired, and just what I have been wanting. I take seven Bee papers
and consider yours only equaled by Gleanings and the Review. Every number so far has
been worth more than the subscription price to me. I do not see how you can fail if the
present standard is kept up. Wishing you success, I remain.

Yours truly,

James T. Fennell.

=iW. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis.=ii

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are uiade according to
these rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well filled; combs
straiaht, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as tnvich
as one hundred dollars.

CINCINNATI— There is a marked improve-
ment in the demand for comb honey since our
last quotations. No material change in the ex-
tracted honey market. We continue to quote
white clover extracted honey in barrels and
cans, at 7 to 8^c; amber in barrels 55^ to 6c; fancy
white clover comb honey, at 14 to 15c; beeswax
28c-

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Oct. 28 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

KANSAS ClTY-r '1
We quote as] follows: Fancy white
fancy amber |2.oo per case; white, extracted 65^c;
beeswax 30c .

C. C. CIvEMONS & CO.,
Nov. 29, 1904. Kansas City, Mo.

KANSAS CITY— MarVet is well supplied with
honey, both comb and extracted. Considerable
No. 2 comb is on hand, which demoralizes
market. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 11
to i2c; No. I white uc; fancy amber loc; No. i
amber loc; white, e.xtracted 6^c; amber 6c; bees-
wax 28 to 30c,

WAI^KER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Nov. 30, iyo4. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO— The market is well supplied with
all kinds ot honey, the demand is of a light
nature. Fancy comb honey brings 14c, but qual-
ity as well as appearance is necessary. No. i
sells at i2^c to 13c, off grades difficult to move
at ic to 3c less. Extracted choice white 7c to
7^c, amber 6c to 7c with off grades about sJ^c;
beeswax 30c per lb.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Dec, 7, 1904. 199 So. Water St.

BUFFALO — Really fancy or No. i sells very
well, but lower grades have to be pushed and
cut to move them. Some lots of old are hardly
salable at any price above 5 to 6c. We quote as
follows: Fancy white 14 to 15c; No. i white 12 to
13c; fancy amber 10 to iic; No. i amber 9 to loc;
fancy dark 9 to loc; No. i dark 8 to 9c; beeswax
28 to 32c,

BATTERSON & CO.,
NOV. 29, 1904. Buffalo.

CINCINNATI — Comb honey is now coming in
more freely, and prices, if anything, have mod-
erated a little. The sales made and prices ob-
tained were: No. i fancy water white 13 to 15c;
No. 2, 12 to 14c; extracted is sold as follows:
white clover in barrels 6J^c; in cans 65^ to 8c;
amber in barrela sJi to sJ^c; in cans 6 to 6%;
beeswax 27c.

C. H. W, WEBER,
Nov. 29, 1904. Cincinnati, Ohio.

PHII^ADEIvPHIA- Honey has not been quite
so active in the last ten days, but more demand
is expected soon, as more honey is sold at the
present time than at any season of the year.
We quite: Fancy white 15 to i6c; No. i, 13 to 14c;
amber II to 12c; white extracted 7 to 8c; amber
extracted 6 to 7c; beeswax sells quick 25 to 26c.
We are producers of honey and do not handle on
commission.

WM. A. SEIvSER,
Dec. 8, 1904. 10 Vine Street,

Philadelphia, Pa.

AL,BANY, N. Y. — The demand for honey is im-
proving some as the season advances We think
present prices are good to take, for from infor-
mation throughout the country, would seem to
be a larger crop than last season, although the
crop in this vtcinitj' is short. We have to de-
pend on outside producing sections. We quote as
follows: Fancy white i6c; No. i white 15 to 16c;
fancy amber 13 to 14c; No; i amber 12 to 13c;
fancy dark 12 to 13c; No. i darkii to 12c; white
extracted 7 to 7J^c; amber extracted 6 to 6J^c;
dark extracted, beeswax 28 to 30c.

H. N. WRIGHT,
Wholesale Commission,
Sept. I Albany, N. Y.

NEW YORK— Comb honey is plentiful, de-
mand is fair but not as good as last year. In
large lots prices are shaded to effect sales. Ex-
tracted in good demand. Beeswax quiet. We
quote as follows: Fancy white 14 to 15c; No. I
white 13c; fancy amber 12c; No. i amber iic,
fancy dark 10 to 11; No. i dark 9 to loc; white;
extracted 6J^c; amber 6c; dark sJ^c; beeswax 28
to 29c.

HII.DRETH & SEGEI^KEN,

82-86 Murray St,
Nov. 29, 1904. New York.

CHICAGO— We are moving considerable stock
in the honey line. In fact, this is the season
ofthe year when trade takes hold of this com-
modity more liberally than at any other time.
When large orders are involved, concessions
in price will have to be made in order to effect
.<=ales. Colorado comb honey is cutting quite a
figure on this market, a good many cars coming
this way on a consignment basis, and selling at
satisfactory prices. We quote an follows: Fancy
white 13 to 14c; No- I white 12 to 13c; No. 2 white
II to I2C- No. 1 amber loc; white, extracted 7 to
75^c; amber 5 to 6}^c; beeswax 29 to 31c.
S. T. FISH & CO.,

1 89 South Water St.
Nov. 29, 1904. Chicago, 111.

^^^^^^^^^

f^S2XSS0^

*'.

I

PQ

WE WE^E flWAl^DED fl
OH OUH BEE-KEEPEf^'S SUPPliIES

Pan-American Exposition, Butfalo.

ROOT'S GOODS ARE PRIZE WINNERS AND ARE
SOI,D THE WORLD OVExi.

Assiniboia

Austria

Australia

Barbados

Belgium

Bohemia

Brazil

British Guiana

British Honduras

Cape Colony

Chili

China

Cuba

Dom. Republic

Egypt

England

France

Germany'

Grenada

Hayti '

Holland

Hungary

In all States and Possessions of the United
Provinces of Canada.

India

Ireland

Italy

JaiTiaica

Japan

Manitoba

Mexico

Montsetrat

Natal

Norwa3'

Palestine

Russia

Rhodesia

Scotland

Siam

Spain '

Sweden

Syria

Tasmania

Trinidad

Vaal River Col,

Venezuela

States and

OVH CflTRLiOG FOt^ 1205

is now on the press. If you wish a copy at once drop us a postal
It takes some time to print and mail to our list of 250,000 bee-keepers

THE A.^. ROOT CO.,

BRANCHES:

Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street
Philadelphia, Pa , 10 Vine Street
New York City, N. Y., 44 Vasey Street
Syracuse, N. s'., 1635 W. Genesee Street
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

BRANCHES:

St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mi.ssissippi Street.
San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So Flores. St.
Washingtou.D.C.,! 100 Mary land, av., S W
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.
Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water L,ane

i

AT ST. LOUI5, 1905. Q^

Also at Paris Exposition, 1899, and Trans-Mississippi Exposition ^^
at Omaha, 1900. Highest awards at World's Fair, Chicago, and ^\^

Sit

PQ
PQ

Medina, Ohio 0

■«

PQ

m

January, 1905,

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBLISHED MONTHI.Y
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1S88. Serial number, 204

Terms — $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discoatinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received tor its dis<"ontinnance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further tiotices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one wlio prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please .'■ay so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Jan. 13, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 7. times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 limes,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 5
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will .send the Review with —

Gleanings, (new) ($1 .00) f

American Bee Journal, (new)...{ 100) i

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) i

Progressive Bee Keeper ( ..so) i

American Bee Keeper ( ..so) i

Rural Bee-Keeper ( .50) i

Western Bee Journal ( i.oo) I

Ohio Farmer. ... ( i.oo) i

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) i

Riiral New Yorker ( i 00) i

The Century ( 4.00) 4

Michigni Farmer ( i.oo) .

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) . .

American Agriculturist ( i 00) . .

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3

Harper's Magazine ( 4 00) 4

Harper's Weekly ( 4. 00) 4

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2

Cosmopolitan ( i on) i

Success ( 100) I

National Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
nieinbers.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harr s, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. 111.

Vice President
Geo. W. Brodbeck, I,os Angeles, Calif.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasure!

Board of Directors.

Wm McEvoy. Woodburn, Out.

W. Z, Hutchinson. Flint, Mich.

Udu Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C Aikin, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville. N. Y
E. Whitco.mb. Friend, Neb.
WM. A. Selser, Philadelphia. Pa.

G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borndinn, N. Y.
W. K. MARK.S, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M Hambaugh, Hscondido, Cal.
C. A Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

I Hames of Bee-Keepers I

n tvre: ■written B

n M

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing tor sample copies, have heen saved and writ,
ten in a book. There are .several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at $2 00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
1 now havea type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of hee-keepers in his own State ouiy, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46

Ark 82

Ala.. . 80

Calif... 378

Colo... 228

Canada 1200

Conn.. 162

Dak.. .
Del.. ..
Fla....

Ga

lud....
Ills....
Iowa..

2.S

18

100

90

744
137.S
800

Ky

Kans..
Ua

Mo

Minn..
Mich...
Ma^s.. .

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y...

Neb

N. J. ...
N. H. ..

W. Z. IIUTC

182 N. C 60

330 New Mex. 54

38 Oregon.. 109

500 Ohio... 130C

334 Penn.. . . 912

1770 R. 1 46

275 S- C 40

94 Tenn 176

270 Tex 270

70 Utah 68

1700 Vt 200

.345 Va 182

130 W. Va 172

158 Wash.... 128

Wis 625

HINSON, Flint, Mich.

We want the readers of

The Review

to read our Journal. It has
just entered its second year,
with a list of 3,000 subscrib-
ers— think of it — Have you
ever heard of a Bee Journal
with such a record? Now,
for a g'ood year's work.
Won't you help?

Send $1.00 for a year's
subseription.

THE WESTEHN BEE JOUI^flflli

p. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor,

KINGSBURY, CALIFORNIA

JSlo Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhouey when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

J. VAfl DEUSEJM,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

Bee -{peepers

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer A\fg. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

8@"Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

If the

{REVIEW

Is mentioned when answering
an advertisement in its columns
a favor is conferred upon both
the publishei and the advertis-
er. It helps the former by rais-
ing his journal in the estima-
tion of the advertiser: and it en-
ables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are
most profitable. If you would
help the Review, be sure and
say " I saw your advertisement
in the Review," when writing
to advertisers.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Great Clubbing Offers.

Here is a list of magazines, together with the regular prices at
which they are published.

CLASS A.

Success .. .. .. $1.00

Leslie's Monthly Magazine . . . . 1.00

Harper's Bazar . . . . . 1.00

Cosmopolitan . . . . . . 1.00

Good Housekeeping .. .. 1.00

Pearson's Magazine . . . . . , 1.00

The Twentieth Century Home . . 1.00

The American Boy . . . . . . 1.00

The American Inventor . . . . 1.50

The Sunset Magazine . . . . 1.00

The Technical World . . .. . . 2.00

CLASS B.

The Review of Reviews . . . . $2.50

The World s Work . . . . . . 3.00

Outing . . . . . . 3.00

The Booklovers' Magazine . . . . 3.00

The Independent . . . . 2.00

If you subscribe for one or more of these magazines in connec-
tion with the Bee-Keepers' Review, I can make the following offer:

Success, and the Review, for only |i 75

Success, any one magazine in class A, and the Review, for only 2 50

Success, any two magazines in class A, and the Review for only 3 00

Success, any three magazines in class A, and the Review, for only 350

Success, Review of Reviews, and the Review, for only 3 50

Success, The Independent, and the Review, for only 3 50

Success, any two of class B, and the Review, for only ; . . . 5 00

Success, any three of class B, and the Review for only 6 50

Success, any one of class A and any one of class B, and the Review, for only 4 00

Success, any one of class A and two of class B, and the Review, for only 5 50

Saccess, any two class A, and one class B, and the Review, for only 4 50

Success, any two of class, A. and any two of class B, and the Review, for only 6 00

Success, Country l,ife in America, and the Review, for only 4 25

Success, The Outlook (new), and the Review, for only 4 00

Success, Harper's Magazine, or Weekly, and the Review, for only 5 25

Upon request quototions will be given vipon any combination of Success with other American
magazines.

Mag"azines will be sent to one or different addresses as desired. By
adding $2.00 to any of these offers, the set of books described on page 31 may
be secured. The books will be sent express prepaid.

W.Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

m

ALLEY'S QUEEN AND DRONE
TRAP 35c.

It automatically catches and cages drones and queens. It
insures you against loss of bees through swarming, by catch-
ing the queen and preventing its leaving the hive. It will
also prevent drones from entering the hive. They sell regular-
ly at 50c. Our price, each 35c.

Doll's Bee Supply Manufacturing Co.
Power Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn.

^(^

Site
sis

sis
Sis
sxs

The Wood Bee Hive
and Box Co.,

Lansing, - Michigan

gives six per cent,
discount until Jan. i,
on the best Dove-
tailed Hive made.
Circular ready to
mail — you need it.
200 secon d-li and

hives for sale cheap.

12-04-tf

YELLOWZONES

Bee= Keepers
Look Here!

Do you wish to buy bees or queens the coming
season, or do j'ou \vant an apiary already loca-
ted in South Texas? If so, we can supply you.
We have 4,000 colonies of bees to sell the coming
season, and will sell them in any way it best
suits you. We will sell here, location and all, or
will ship them to you in any quantity you may
wish . We mean to please you in the way of bees
and queens, and a trial is all we shall ask to con-
vince you

We make a specialty of bees in carload lots,
also I-, 2- and ^-frame nuclei and full colonies
ready to go at all times. Prices cheap, quoted
on application. We produce qneens in a whole-
sale way and are never undersold mth the
same quality of queens

Untested queens from now until February ist.
$1.00 each, or S9 00 per dozen. Tested $1.50 each,
or $12.00 per dozen.

We breed 6 different races in their purity,
from 5 to 30 miles apart.

Our new 1905 catalogue will be ready to mail
Dec. ist. which will describe these different
races of bees and their management wiite for
it. We have a large stock of honey cans for sale
at all times, and will buy your honey in season.
Highest market price paid for bees wax at all
times; wax worked into foundation on easy
terms. Address,

THE BEE & HONEY CO.

Will fltehley, Prop.
Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

II Bee= Keepers Knew I

i| THAT il

li

;i

DADflHT'S FOUpATIOfl

m ] ] ] ]_ ^i

% = /f

11 WAS THE BEST. tf

m M

m They still know that it EXCELS. if

fl Over 100,000 Pounds sold during- the past season. ||.

^^ Its 27th Year. We g-uarantee satisfaction. |p

m — ■ %

% 5 per cent, discount . BEE SUPPLIES of all kinds. i|

|i this month. * BEESWAX wanted at all times /j

^i ' /^

m We WORK WAX into FOUNDATION. .A

^y Send for free catalog, prices, etc. ''4A,

« . M

?<-r^ ^/■n

% DADANT & SON5r %

i He^rrjlltoo, Illinois, i

^^ L. C G- A. G. WOOD/AA/H, CrAO<l Ra.pi<ls ^^^

'4M /^g«nts for A\icbig&n 3-04-iot ^J

Dirj ni^f ni INT^ ^^ ^^^ Supplies, Berry Boxes
DIVJ UloVi/Lf Uil 1 O and Crates now while we can
serve you promptly. Address

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

For ROOT'S GOODS in

MICHIGAN

M. H. HUNT & SON
Send for Catalog Bell Branch, Mich.

CQ

CO

Q

J

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR,
w. z. HDTCHISSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, JAN. 15, 1905. NO. L

>ifie(

BY N. E. FRANCE.

USE very little smoke in opening- the
suspected hive. Do the work just
before sundown.

Open the hive without any jarring-,
leaving- the bees in a natural condi-
tion.

As soon as the cover is slightly re-
moved, place your nose near the open-
ing- just made over the suspected brood
combs. If the peculiar, stale, g-lue-
smell is noticed, go carefully to avoid
danger from robber-bees, or from any
honey leaking.

Take out carefully the olde.st hatch-
ing brood in the hive, and notice if the
brood is capped over regularly, and
smooth, or if cappings are scattering
on the comb, many sunken, and some
with ragged holes in the cappings.
This is more noticeable in old, black,
brood combs.

Here is the way to look in the comb.
Bring the brood-comb up from the hive
to the level of your chin; then tip the
top of the comb towards you, so your
view strikes the lower side-walls (not
the bottom) of the brood-cells about

one- third distant from the front end of
the cells. Then turn so that the rays
of bright light will come over your
shoulder and shine where your eye is
looking. The white line in frontis-
piece shows both the angle of the sun-
shine and your vision. Gas or elec-
tric light will not take the place of
good daylight,

What to look for ? Dried down
scales.

On the lower side-wall, a little back
from front end of infected cell, will be
seen the dead larva bee, nearly black,
with a sharp pointed head, often turned
up a little, the back portion of the bee
flattened to a mere lining of the cell,
often no thicker than the wax in the
wall of the comb. The base or bottom
of the cell, likely, looks clean; also all
of the other side-walls of the cell.
The last effort of the dying bee often
is to throw out the tongue, sometimes
touching the upper wall of its cell, at
other times, falling short, will strike
the body near the middle of the bee.
In either case it will stick as fast as if

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

held with glue. This thread of a
tongue will hold and cause the head of
the dead bee to turn up some when the
larva dries down to a very thin, black
lining on the lower side-wall of the
cell. Before this stage is reached the
bee often becomes a light brown, dead

matter, foul smelling, and ropy like
fresh glue.

This picture used as a frontispiece
lacks one thing: It ought to show the
top of comb tipped towards me; but the
line indicates the correct view.

Platteville. Wis., Dec. 19, 1904.

^ffofitafole an^

'esl^albl(

BY L. STAGHELHAUSEN.

s

FEW days ago I received the re-
port of the St. Louis convention,
and was astonished when I read the
discussion following Mr. Hutchinson's
paper, in which he recommended bee-
keeping as a specialty, because the
specialist in bee-keeping, as in all
other lines of business, has a greater
success. I am one of those who have
made bee-keeping a life-business, and
I know at least this much, that since I
have abandoned all other kinds of
business, and not before, have I made a
little more money than I use in sup-
porting myself and family.
SPECIALISM PRODUCES AT THE LEAST
COST.

Specialization goes on in every line
of business, because it brings more
profit. Why should it be different in
bee-keeping? The specialist is bound
to produce honey with the least ex-
penditure of labor; he is continually
tr5Mng new ways, by which labor can
be saved, and more monej^ can be pro-
duced, not from a single colony, but
by the labor he is spending in his
business. We bee-keepers, as yet,
spend too much time on useless, or
non-paying, manipulations in our pur-
suit. The small, or amateur, bee-keep-
ers are largely responsible that this
"fussing" with bees is not recognized

as a mistake, because, for them, time
is not as valuable as for the specialist;
but the latter will, by and by, kill out
these prejudices, and all the indigna-
tion expressed at St. Louis will not
hinder it.

HOW MANY COLONIES ARE THE MOST
PROFITABLE IN ONE LOCATION ?

If bee-keeping is to be conducted as
the main or sole business, the first
question which arises is, how many
colonies can be profitably kept in one
yard ? While Mr. E. W. Alexander
(Review, page 60, 1904) says that over-
stocking is a myth, and is getting a
good average crop from an apiary of
700 colonies, others are of the opinion
that not more than lOO or ISO colonies
should be kept in one yard.

My experience is that, in many
localities, during the main honey flow,
where a single variety of honey-plant
is present in large quantities, and all
these plants are covered with unnum-
bered blossoms, 1,000 colonies may
probabl}^ ffive the same average honey-
crop as 100. During this flow, espe-
cially if the season is a good one, such
a locality can hardly be overstocked.
The difficulty arises during the light
honey-flows in spring and fall. In the
spring a few colonies may gather
enough honey for stimulating the bees

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

to brood-rearing- — possibly a little
more — but a larger number of colonies
may not find even enoug^h honej' for
such stimulation. The consequence is,
that such colonies are not in the best
condition when the main honey-flow
commences, and the averag^e honey-
crop will be smaller than with the
same honey-flow and a smaller num-
ber of colonies. To a certain degree,
this can be overcome by stimulative
feeding and spreading of the brood in
the spring, but these cost something,
and take some time and labor, and we
wish to produce the honej' with as
little work as possible. The same
thing is true in the fall. A slow
honey-flow in the fall stimulates breed-
ing, we get more young bees for
wintering, and they are in better con-
dition for breeding up in the spring.
The fall-flow secures a sufficient quan-
tity of winter-food. It is now a simple
question of dollars and cents whether
it is more profitable to let the bees
alone, and keep lOO colonies only in
one place, and the same number in
several other places, or to keep a
larger number in one apiary and do
spring and fall feeding, spreading of
the brood, and several other kinds of
' 'play work. ' ' I have found it more pro-
fitable to start out-apiaries, and I
keep my bees now in five yards.

LOCATING OUT-APIARIES.

It is said that bees fly three or four
miles to gather honey. I have observed
that, under some circumstances, they
may fly, probably, even more than five
miles. This was when a hail-storm
destroj'ed the mesquite bloom in my
neighborhood. I could observe the di-
rection in which the bees flew, and
there was not a single mesquite blos-
som left inside of five miles; neverthe-
less, my bees gathered quite a reason-
able crop of iTiesquite honey. But if
something can be gathered near the
apiary, they generally do not Ay much
over a mile; so the out-yards should be
distanced one from the other at least

two miles in an air line. Of course, I
can't always find a desirable place at
exactlj^ the right distance; especially a
desirable land owner, from whom we
would not expect trouble of some kind.
If I can make an agreement with a
land owner to start an apiary, I select
a well-sheltered and shaded spot in
the pasture, and surround it with a
good cattle-proof fence. Such a place
should not be too near to a house or a
field, but there ought to be a place
nearby where the bees can get water
without molesting farm animals. If
these animals are watered in a trough,
and the bees are taking water there
too, the animals soon get used to the
bees and do not care much about them
after a while; but if theow7ier is afraid
of the bees, we would, nevertheless,
soon get into trouble with him. Gen-
erally, I get permission for keeping an
apiary if I promise to furnish honey
for the use of the farmer and his
family; and they have never asked for
more than five or ten gallons of ex-
tracted honey.

DIVISIBLE BROOD-CHAMBER HIVES.

The kind of hive to be used depends
much upon the management. Mine is,
in some respects, different from all
others sold and recommended by
manufacturers. It is a divisible brood-
chamber hive; all chambers being alike
and interchangeable. The spacing of
the frames is done by notches cut in
the rabbets. I have used this hive for
15 years; having tried all other hives
and frames, and found none, as yet,
which I would prefer to this arrange-
ment. Hives, frames and other sup-
plies I make during the winter; having
for this purpose a circular saw run by
a gasoline engine. If I count $3 wages
per day for my work, these hives cost
me about half as much as I could buy
them for. I can say this outfit is a
well paying investment.

The management is planned in such
a wa3s that the most honey can be
secured with as little labor as possible.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

As I have had some out-apiaries for
about 20 years, I have had occasion to
learn how to reduce the labor to a
minimum. Wintering, of course, is no
problem in my locality. The hives
are left in the apiary, just as they are
after the honey-harvest, with all the
extracting' supers on top of the brood-
chamber. This gives the bees plenty
room to expand the brood-nest in all
dirctions in the spring, and keeps
down swarming.

LARGE HIVES PREVENT SWARMING.

During the first years of my bee-
keeping experience here in Texas, I
used 10-frame Langstroth hives (and I
use some of them still as brood-cham-
bers.) From these hives the bees com-
menced to swarm in March, every
year. Many times I hived 20 or more
swarms per day. Some united, and,
having no time to separate them, such
swarms are crowded into two or three
stories. As soon as the main honey-
flow commenced, in May, I had no
more trouble with swarms. After I
left the extracting supers on the hive
in the fall, and during winter, my
bees swarmed later and less. I found,
by accident, that these large hives
prevent swarmintc to a large degree.
To avoid the trouble with natural
swarms I uspd, at first, another waj';
I simply made my swarms artificially
by what is now called shiok-swarm-
ing, but at that time (24 years ago) I
set the shook-swarm on a new place,
and the hive with the brood-combs on
the old place. This worked all right,
when the swarms were made early in
the season. Later, when I used these
large hives they prevented swarming
entirely in some years — those which
were not very favorable for brood-rear-
ing in the spring. In other years,
when the colonies became very strong,
and had many combs occupied with
brood, the bees were shaken from the
combs, and the well-known plan of
making three out of two was used.

This is still my management for in-
crease and prevention of swarming. I
have four out-apiaries, and nobody is
there to watch for swarms; neverthe-
less, I do not think that more than
two percent, of the colonies will swarm.
These few swarms, of course, are lost.

MAi-JAGEMENT DURING THE HONEY
FLOW.

At present I work mostly for bulk-
comb and extracted honey. In that
way, my shallow supers contain
three or four old, extracting combs,
and, between them, six or seven frames
with foundation, which will give the
comb honej'. When the honey-flow
commences I load a number of so-pre-
pared supers on a spring wagon, and
drive to an out-yard; giving more
supers where thej' are needed, placing
them next to the brood-nest, and rais-
ing up the half-filled supers already
on the hive. At that time every hive
has two or three supers, and they are
able to hold a large part of the honey-
crop. In some of my out-yards I have
a small building, in which I can do ex-
tracting and some other work, but,
generally, we find it more convenient,
when the honey crop commences, to
take along about 40 or 50 supers, pre-
pared to go on the hives, and take as
many home, filled with honey, doing
the extracting and cutting out of comb-
honey at home, where we have a large
hone3'-liouse and every thing more con-
venient. As soon as we arrive at the
out-yard we unload the supers and
storify them 10 or 12 high; then we
take off the supers full of honey from
the hives and give at once as many of
the new supers to every hive as we
have taken oft' full ones. In taking off
supers we smoke down the bees some-
what, then lift the supers from the
hives and shake the bees out in front
of the hive. During a good honey-
flow, when the bees are not inclined to
rob, we set these supers in piles,
crosswise, which causes the few bees

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

remaining- in them to fly back to their
respective hives. When the honey-flow
is over, and the last extracting is to
be done, we wheel the supers at once
to the wag-on, load them on, and cover
them with a wag-on-cloth. It does not
take very long, and when our load is
ready, the horses are quickly hitched
on, and away it goes homewards. In
the home-yard we sometimes use
escape-boards, which remain on the
hive during the night. We do not need
many tools; a smoker and a chisel to
loosen the supers from the hives, are
all, and they are taken along on each
trip.

One thing is important: If we give
freshly extracted combs (which always
contain more or less honey) to a col-
ony, some excitement is always caused,
and, if the honey flow is not very good,
even robbing- may be started by such
combs. To avoid this I set the supers
with extracted combs in piles of 10 or
12, about 100 3'ards from the apiary,
and give to each pile only one small
opening about large enough so that one
or two bees can pass. In a few hours the
bees will clean them out and they are
ready for the out-yard ag-ain.

At present prices we have found the
production of bulk honey more profit-
able than that of section, or extracted
honey. Some years ago I produced
section honey, too, and for this pur-
pose I used either natural swarms as
strong as possible, or I made such
swarms artificially by shaking.
Other colonies, which had notswarmed,
I worked for extracted honey. For
use in out-yards, such old colonies, in
order to give a good honey crop in sec-
tions, require too much care and at-
tention.

I never hired help in the apiaries.
During extracting time my son-in-law,
who is a farmer, generally helped, if
he had time. In this way I have man-
aged as many as 400 colonies; now he
will go into partnership with me, and
we intend to work 1,000 colonies.

LABOR VERSU.S BEES.

The most important lesson I have
learned by keeping bees in large num-
bers is, that it pays better to keep a
few more colonies, and avoid all the
extra work. Certainly, we may get a
smaller average crop, or we may get
no crop at all, from a few of the colon-
ies; we may even lose some colonies en-
tirely, that, by more work and atten-
tion might have been saved, but all
this is more than balanced by keeping
some more colonies. Mr. Doolittle, in
American Bee Journal (page 247), is
opposed to this. He says: "Suppose
that lOO colonies produce an average
yield of 50 pounds each of surplus
honey, and, by so doing, secure all the
nectar in a given field, year by year.
This makes 500 pounds surplus lioney,
while each of the colonies uses up 100
pounds, which is 10,000 pounds."
These 15,000 pounds are supposed to
be all the honey this field will give.
By the management-plan, 50 colonies
would use only 5,000 pounds, thus
leaving 10,000 pounds for the manager.
Mr. Doolittle compares this question
with a similar one in agriculture; and
says that, in England, the same
amount of produce is secured off one
acre of land as many of our Ameri-
cans get from three to four acres. It
is the dift'erence between intensive and
extensive farming. In England the
price of the land is very high, and
labor comparatively cheap. Much
capital is invested in buildings on the
farm and in farm animals. There the
intensive farming is paying best. Here
the land and animals are cheaper.
Lfittle capital is invested in farms.
Wages are high, and, sometimes, the
necessar3' help is not to be had at all.
Consequently, extensive farming pays
better here, so much so, that America
is nourishing Europe with wheat and
meat. In the same degree as the price
of the land is advancing, and wages
becoming lower, are we adopting more
intensive management of the farms.

10

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Th« same is true with bee-keeping-.
The bee-rang-e costs nothing- at all. It
is like the air we breath — the capital
invested is small. Nearly tiie whole
expenses are for labor. If, anywhere,
extensive management is to be recom-
mended, it is in this branch of agricul-
ture.

If the field, as Mr. Doolittle supposes,
would support 50 colonies onl}', then
I would start another apiary of 50 col-
onies in another field. Mr. Doolittle
supposes that his 50 colonies give him
an average of 200 pounds each, or
10,000 pounds of honey. I will admit
that, by the "let-alone" plan these 100
colonies, in two apiaries, will give a
less average; we will say 150 pounds.
The bee-keeper will thus get 15,000
pounds, or 50 per cent, more than by the
manag-ement-plan. If we had to pay a
high price for a certain bee-rang-e, and
the labor would be ver3' cheap, then
the so-called "manag-ement-plan"
would probably be more profitable; but
as this is not so, and we can't expect

that it will be so in the near future,
the extensive plan for bee-keeping is
the better paying one.

There is still to consider another
point: The advantages of stimulative
feeding, spreading the brood, equaliz-
ing of colonies, and other manipula-
tions, are very much overestimated. As
I have said, stimulative feeding does
not stimulate as much as a light and
slow natural honey-flow. Spreading
the brood does many times more dam-
age than good. In a large hive with
large combs and a sufficient supply of
honey and pollen, an average colony
develops to the most possible strength
just before the main honey-flow with-
out any manipulation. This, at least,
is true in m}' locality, and I believe in
many other localities. The equaliza-
tion of colonies is inore profitably done
at the same time with artificial swarm-
ing, by giving to the weaker colonies
some capped brood-combs from those
which were shaken.

Converse, Texas, Dec. 2, 1904.

;=*^>^^f^,%g|.^^^,^<;^

liimi

rtractedi

>inieF is

t©

'aiiv<

wwkm.

BY S. A. NIVER.

T OCALITY, is a word to conjure with
^ in the bee business, whether pro-
ducing or selling. Give us the name of
the city, and we can "guess, " if north
of the Mason and Dixon line, or
"reckon" if south of it, what kind of
honey will sell best therein. If you
name Los Angeles, we would try sage
honey; Denver takes alfalfa; white
clover is the great and only in Phila-
delphia; while in some parts of Penn-
sylvania they prefer buckwheat honey
— strong, rich and black, thank you,
believing white [honey^ to be artificial

honey; while Ole Olson is sure that
bees' honey is always yellow, because
he kept bees in Sweden and never
saw anything else there. Generally
speaking, people like best, the honey
they are most accustomed to, and the
best honey for the customer, is the honey
preferred by that particular person, no
matter what your preference may
chance to be.

My first experience in canvassing to
sell extracted honey to private families,
was in Sayre, Penn. A railroad town
vrith one pay day per month.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

11

People get into the habit of running-
bills for the month, paying- up the next
day or two after pay day, and g"oing-
broke from then until the pay car
comes ag"ain. I had a wholesome fear
of the credit business, so attempted to
take orders for delivery just after pay
day. This was not practicable, as it
takes half as long- to deliver as it does
to take the orders, under ordinary con-
ditions, but so many were absent from
home, settling bills, shopping, etc.,
just after pay day, that it was really a
bad date to attempt delivery. Credit
for a monthly settlement at pay day,
was the only way — "when you are in
Rome do as the Romans do," — so, after
atrial, \ changed localities. Orders 30
days old are stale, many have forgotten
them entirely, and when you trust out.
honey it is impossible to avoid losses.
My experience in Sayre resulted in a
rule, "never work a town with only
one pay day per month."

Sayre people bought candied buck-
wheat in tin pails, 11 pounds, or
alfalfa honey 8 pounds for a dollar,
and 100 hundred pounds of the buck-
wheat to 5 pounds of the alfalfa were
about the amounts sold, respectively.
My samples were carried in quart
milk pails, with spoon inside, cover
carefully closed, and honey liquefied.
I also carried candied honey in a tin
box in iny overcoat pocket.

A GLIMPSE AT THE COST OF CANVASS-
ING.

Calling at the kitchen door, I tell the
lady that I am leaving samples of
honey with all the neighbors, and if
she will get a dish, I will be pleased
to also leave a sample with her. If
she says they never use honey because
none of the family cares for it, don't
argue the case, life is too short for
that; get to the next house. If the dish
is forthcoming, give a spoonful or two,
which is as good or better than a
quart, and while doing that, state
plainly the price, style of package,
when to be delivered, etc, I add that

the package can be returned at my next
call, which will be in one month as
near as may be, and I pay cash for the
package, whether they re-order or not.
This little kink clinches many an
an order.

Talk business %\.r2cv^\\\.. All attempts
to "jolly" a lady by admiring the
children, petting the cat, retailing
neighborhood gossip, or up-to-date re-
marks about the weather, parties, or
what not, is all nonsense. She feels
insulted at your estimate of her ability
to see through the little game.

The average housewife, in the wage
earner's home (and I have no use for
any other class), is usually a shrewd,
careful buyer, and is well posted on
prices and comparative values. She is
on the lookout for bargains whereby
she can furnish as good a table as
possible, with the income available.
My main argument is the comparative
cheapness of extracted honey as a
food, quoting Prof. Wiley and others,
giving hone}' leaflets, etc., stating
positively that all who are posted on
the subject, concede honey to be
healthful. If the order is given I care-
fully note name, address, time prom-
ised for delivery, in a nice looking
order book {^style counts, more than you
would think), leaving nothing to the
memory. If for any reason the lady
withholds the order, but thinks she
may order at a future time, note that
down and call the next trip. I only
call on customers (and those who were
absent the first call) on my subsequent
trips. What good can come by wast-
ing time, and annoying people who
don't use honey ?

HOW A CANVASSER MAY INTEREST AND
IMPRESS PEOPLE.

The above is a general outline of my
work for the first time over a route.
Careful, painstaking work pays, tak-
ing plenty of time to explain every-
thing, if your customer shows inter-
est, or asksqaestions. I usually carry
supply catalogues, bee zinc, bee veil-

12

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ing, comb foundation, a Porter bee
escape, honey leaflets, and anything-
else likely to be of interest, and
of a size small enough to be carried in
my pockets. This gives the impres-
sion that I know something about bee-
keeping and can be relied upon to
know whether honey is right or not;
also that I am capable of giving thein
the best bargain possible. Square
dealing, g-ood goods, and liberal treat-
ment of customers, change unfavor-
able impressions to confidence, and
the rest is more a matter of hustle
than anything else.

CAN THE BUSINESS BE BUILT UP, OR
WILL PEOPLE TIRE OF HONEY?

Will people continue to buy honey,
or will one trial end the deal ? was
the main question to be answered,
when I commenced this mode of market-
ing. After several seasons' work,
under various circumstances, I have
have demonstrated, to my own satis-
faction, at least, that it can be made to
grow, and the consumption of honey
increased to a greater extent by this
method, or something similar, at least
embodying the educational, "special
pleading" features of it, than all the
other agencies combined. Printers'
ink used in the "Sunny Jim" style
would create a sure thing impression
that it was a "fake." Who urges
people through the press to eat
potatoes, or advocates cabbage as a
health food ? Interesting press articles
that will help along by giving people
exact knowledge and refuting fake
items, would be of advantage surely;
for instance, a write-up of the efforts
and results in breeding long tongue
bees would go the rounds if started
rightly, and provoke thought, interest
and thirst for more. One lady spoke
of "red" clover honey, and that
brought up this same story. She said
her children had something told them
in school, about bees, and they had
become intensly interested in the sub-
ject since that; and my coming with

the honey added to the demand for in-
formation. Where could she get reliable
literature to study? I gave her direc-
tions to send for Prof. Benton's book,
issued by the general government,
then took an armful of "Reviews,"
"Bee Journals," "Gleanings," etc., to
her that same evening.

As a rule, I can sell more honey, per
day, in old territory than new, and I
believe that there is a growing demand
for extracted honey as a wholesome
and economical food.

SOMETHING ABOUT PACKAGES.

As to the best package, tin, paper,
glass, or no package at all, I have ex-
experimented all along this line. Ped-
dling, that is, taking honey along and
delivering as you go, has its advan-
tages, and objections. You only go
over the ground once, but it is slow,
and annoying in some ways. On paper
it seems feasible to ask them to pro-
duce a dish of some kind, and weigh
out for them just as much or little as
they wish, charging a sliding scale of
prices according to quality. One
pound 20 cents, two pounds 30 cents,
four pounds 50 cents, and ten pounds
for a dollar, would result in selling
the great majority in one pound lots.
It takes as long to sell, weigh out, and
get paid, for one pound as for ten; and
while the customer is hunting up and
rinsing the package, then getting
change (yon know no woman can afford
the luxury of a pocket, so her purse is
concealed in any old place about the
house, she forgets where, causing ex-
asperating delays), it results in small
sales for the day. Another objection
is the almost universal habit of people
being a week or two behind with their
payments, and must have time to allow
for an extra like a package of honey,
especially if it is any amount exceed-
ing a quarter.

You see people get reckless and
spend their money in times of great
prosperity like these; at least, it seems

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

13

so "in this locality." My delivery days
are set ahead a week, usually.

In Sayre I settled upon asking- them
to furnish the package for me to take
home and till. Every house had a sur-
plus of butter pails that would con-
tain eleven pounds of honey, just right
for a dollar's worth of extracted buck-
wheat. I string them on a stout cord,
and the bigger bunch and more noise
they make, the easier it was to take
orders. How could a lady refuse to
get into the swim, when she could see
that everybody must be buying, or I
would have no such lot of pails. It
was g-ood policy to start out with a
few from home, to set the ball rolling.
(Note.— 'W. Z. This yam is to give Dr.
Miller and uncle A. I., a chance to
kick. Facts are, that I 7tever started
with a pail.) Niagara Falls people
could not be worked that way. They
had no butter pails. There I used
new, six-pound, tin pails. Here in
Chicago I have settled down to the
despised Mason jar, "the cheapest and
most worthless of all," to quote an ex-
pert at the Chicago and Northwestern
convention. Yes, the}^ are cheap, cost-
ing only }i of a cent per pound of
honey, while the flint glass, perfect
sealing bottle, with a two-color label
and red ribbon, costs 4 cents per
pound for the honey, and goes into the
garbage can when empty, while the
Mason jar is stored for future refer-
ence. Every woman knows just how
large they are, and all about them,
which saves lots of atmosphere for the
canvasser, and they are worth a nickle
whan empty every time, "in this local-
ity." A Mason jar can be easily
opened to compare the contents with
sample, a necessity in many cases
here, as agents have educated people
to expect poorer goods than the sample.
The ladies believe it to be the cleanest
package, in short it is popular now,
and it takes a heap of hot air to change
opinions that are so firmly established.
The main objection to it is that annoy-

ing propensity to "leak over the top."
Fruit, sealed hot, will be firmer held
after cooling, but honej' don't seem to
act that way. It shrinks nearly an
inch in cooling, and, as I like to have
cans look full, I set them aside over
night, finish filling in the morning,
turn down a cool dry top on a cold dry
rubber, and find the leak trouble done
away with. I use new tops, and new
rubbers, to obtain results.

THE DELIVERY OF GOODS.

In delivering there is a chance for
variety. Horse and wagon is good of
course, but costly in a big city, and
you need a boy to watch while you
are in the house, or you may miss
goods — possibly the whole rig. If
3'ou cover a large territory, something
similar is a necessity. In a thickly
settled region, where people are stowed
like sardines, a boy and a push cart
are handiest and cheapest. ThatCleve-
land agent who advocates street cars
and a basket has hit upon a way
which is all right, occasionally. A
bicycle delivery wagon is rapid and
practical, providing the snow isn't too
deep. The ideal rig is the automo-
bile— and its not far off either. It
"will stand w.'thout hitching," can be
locked easily, and, and, well never
mind ftow.

SOMETHING ABOUT PRICES.

What price shall we ask for honey ?
How much profit must we have to get
the best results ? Some of the crack
salesmen advocate a commission price
of 2o cents a pound, claiming to be able
to sell more at that figure then at 12%
cents. I am not built that way.

Some big producers retail at whole-
sale quotations in their home markets,
saving big freights and commissions,
increasing home consumption, and giv-
ing their neighbors the benefit. If
your price is above the point where the
housewife believes it to be economy to
purchase, sales will be few and scat-
tering. Too low a price, awakens

14

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

suspicions of adulteration, besides
leaving too small a margin of profit to
pay for time and labor in bottling and
distributing. I prefer to sell 100
pounds at a profit of 5 cents per pound,
to selling 50 pounds at a profit of 10
cents per pound, because, in the first
instance, my customer tells her sisters,
and her cousins, and her aunts, of the
good bargain, and they want her to
send me to them on my next trip, there-
bj' increasing my sales. On the con-
trary, if they poke fun at her for pay-
ing more than she could have obtained
comb honey for at her grocery, j'our
sales "in that locality" have gone to
the bow wows.

It is difficult to tell when a pig be-
comes a hog.

WHY HONEY SELLS SLOWLY IN STORES.

I/ast week I went into a small corner
grocery to rest and eat an orange or
two, as I did not feel verj'' ambitious
after my long siege with La Grippe.
On the counter was displayed a nice
case of comb honey. The bee-keeper
who sent that honey to the city, had a
right to be proud of his work, for each
section was white and clean — no culls
in the lot. Five sections had been
sold, and I asked the clerk how long
she had been selling that many. She
said "over four weeks.'''' My order
book showed 110 pounds sold in that
immediate vicinity, that same morning,
and at a greater price too. To quote
the lamented Artemus Ward, "Why
this thusness ?" Had I killed that
market for comb honey by filling it
full of extracled ?

In this connection we must consider
the fact that the family with a goodly
number of childen is naturally our
best customer. The mother is too busy
to attend to the marketing in person,
so orders goods from the clerk who
calls each morning, or she sends by
one of the children, so she seldom sees
comb honey at the stores, and when
she does, passes it by with the idea
that it is too expensive a luxury for

them. The grocer probably agrees fo
that opinion, so doesn't mention it, or
if he does, he knows but little about its
value as food, therefore, is no good as
an advocate. On the other hand, the
honey expert as a canvasser, gives her
a sample, the children get a taste, and
tease for it. He points out the fact that
children prefer honey and bread to
butter and bread; that it has actually
as much nutrition pound for pound as
butter, and costs less then half the
price, and that true economy and re-
gard for health say "more honey and
less butter and meat." A trial
usually establishes a steady customer,
and some of these customers consume
an astonishing amount. One of that
class has bought 96 pounds of me in
four months, and is due for another
order tomorrow. I have over 700 cus-
tomers on my stead}'^ list.

CAN THE BUSINESS BE ENLARGED BY
HIRING HELP ?

The next point is the most interest-
ing of all, at present writing. Can
we hire help and enlarge the business ?
Of course, it is easy to hire extra help-
ers to bottle, deliver, etc., but a can-
vasser, intelligent enough to be of any
use, soon learns the business, and can
do better for himself. Women canvas-
sers do well enough, but cannot endure
the stair climbing. I have just gotten
to this part of the problem, and it
looks about as diffieult of solution, as
anything in the business.

There is no patent on it, nor ex-
clusive territorj^ but strictly a free for
all race — for which blessing let us
give thanks. Whether it can be devel-
oped beyond the average wages stage,
more or less remunerative according to
the industry of the canvasser, the
weather, state of the honey market,
local conditions and other circum-
stances directly having an influence, is
more than yours truly can state at this
stage of the game.

Chicago, 111., March 25, 1904.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

15

BY F. STROHSGHEIN.

MR. HUTCHINSON, with your con-
sent, I will try and entertain you
if I can; but first I must say that you,
Mr. Editoi", have been amusing' me.
You tell us to "keep more bees," "keep
more bees," drop everything else, but
"keep more bees;" produce tons of
honey, as does Mr. Gill, then you will
be able to put money in the bank, as
has been done b}' Mr. Coggshall. Sj^s-
tematize your work, you say, so as to
be able to handle more bees; but the
first thing to do is to look up a good
location. Now, if we all go to look-
ing up g'ood locations, possibly some of
us will have to land in Cuba, or some
other tropical country: and the home-
field will have its nectar wasted, for
there is not enough of it to let us all
establish many out-apiaries. But then,
Mr. W. K. Morrison doesn't want us in
the tropics. He tells us in Gleanings,
we would better stay at home and raise
alfalfa, sanfoin, raspberries, rape
and other nectar yielding plants. I
am of that opinion, too, but you, Mr.
Hutchinson, say that g^eneral farming
is very poorly adopted for combining
with bee-keeping "that there are criti-
cal times in bee-keeping- that will
brook no delay, when three or four
days' or a week's neglect may mean
the loss of a crop, and these times
come right in the height of the season
— leaving" the team and reaper idle in
the back field, while the farmer g^oes to
the house to hive bees, is neither pleas-
ant nor profitable. Drawing in a field
of hay while bees lie idle because the
honey has not been extracted to give
them storage-room, is another illustra-
tion of the conditions with which the
farmer bee-keeper has to contend.
The serious part of it is that the honey

thus lost may be worth nearly or quite
as much as the hay that is saved."
Now, almost rig-ht in the same breath,
you tell us that we should systematize
our work so as not to find it necessary
to visit an out-apiary more than two or
three times a month, yet you think it
necessary for the farmer to leave the
reaper idle on account of his bees.
Now, why not apply that system to the
farmer's apiary, even if it is at home ?
Of course it can be done, providing the
farmer is fit for the work. If he is not,
neither will he be able to manage out-
apiaries. Doesn't Mr. Coggshall, one
of the larg^est out-apiary men, tell us
he is a farmer, instead of thinking-, as
you do, that farming is poorly adapted
to unite with bee-keeping ?

HOW FARMING HELPS BEE-KEEPING.

Mr. Hutchinson, I think it is one of
the best possible combinations. Is not
agriculture the main stay of bee-keep-
ing in many parts of the country ? In
New York, for instance, buckwheat
furnishes tons of honey, while the
large acreage of alfalfa in the West
must not be forgotten, and it is the
farmer who must first sow this alfalfa
for the bees. Of course there are many
natural, nectar-yielding plants, the
most important of which are basswood,
goldenrod, aster and others (that is for
this part of the country). Now, if the
farmer furnishes part of the pasture,
why cannot he also keep some bees to
gather the nectar, always providing, of
course, he is fit for bee-keeping . It has
been set down as a rule that any plant
which furnishes only nectar, and noth-
ing else, will not pay to sow on land
where other crops will grow. This is
quite true, but there is the alsike clover,

16

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

which is a better pasturag-e plant then
red clover. It will not furnish as
much hay per acre, but it should be
sown in connection with the red clover,
as it secures a better quantity of hay,
and also avoids bare spots in the field,
as, if one does not catch in certain
places the other is most likely to take
its place. Then again, it is of the
most importance to have some tree or
plant in bloom at the time when the
bees will be gathering little else.
Buckwheat, as is well known, will fur-
nish the bees nectar when they would
get little else. A plant which could be
sown with small grains would be very
desirable. Serradella, which is one of
the nitrogen gatherers, is said to furnish
excellent honey in Europe. It can be
sown with small grains, will blossom
during August, and then can be turned
under for green manure. Then there
is winter rape which should be sown
during August. It two months it will
furnish excellent pasture for cattle,
and, the next spring it will blossom
during the honey dearth between fruit
bloom and clover, after which it
should be turned under, about the first
part of June, and the land planted to
potatoes or sown with buckwheat, mil-
let, or other quick growing crops.
And don't forget to plant basswood,
willows, and the like, along the road-
side. They need not be planted for the
bees alone, for they beautify our homes
and increase their value. Especially,
are the willows important. My records
show that they ' commence to bloom
about the middle of May, and continue
till June, and the bees work on them
all day long. Thus, you see, the
farmer bee-keeper, has certain advan-
tages over the out- apiary man; and it
is my opinion that any one who can
throw away the farming-prop, and
manage, out-apiaries can also manage,
successfully, bee-keeping with farm-
ing.

And that reminds me that the fol-
lowing conversation was once heard:

A business man said to a farmer-bee-
keeper, who had about 100 colonies,
that "he could not manage them all
anyway." Said the bee-keeper, "I
manage them all myself, and do my
farm-work besides." "Yes," said the
business man, "but they build (work)
just the way they want to." "They
build (work) just the way / want
them to," was the bee-keeper's reply.
This business man had a colony in a
hollow log, brought from the woods.
I think he also had one or two in boxes.
Probably he thought he knew all about
the business. What would life say if
we were to tell him that Mr. Gill, his
wife and one helper, managed success-
full3' over 1000 colonies, securing 75,-
000 pounds of comb honey ? Maybe he
would ask us "if that was the best
yarn we could tell ?"

And now, in conclusion, let me say,
that after having thus improved the
agricultural condition of our farms,
and, at the same time, provided pas-
ture for our bees, maybe we would then
be able to keep as many as 800 colonies
in one apiarj', as has been done by
Mr. Alexander, of New York. We
could then keep more bees without
going to the expense of establishing
ont-apiaries, and all done by the
farmer bee-keeper.

Metz, Wisconsin, Nov. 14, 1904.
[It is seldom that I publish an article
with greater pleasure than I experience
giving in the foregoing. One reason
is because its views are in opposition
to my own — because the writer has
done what I have so often urged my
readers to do — write and let me know
if they did not agree with me. An-
other thing that pleases me is the fair-
ness of the arguments. In fact, it is
the best argument that I have ever seen
put up against my plea for specialty;
and I may as well admit that, if a bee-
keeper can manage an apiary by one
visit a week, a farmer could also man-
age an apiary by working in it one
day in a week, provided, as my friend

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

17

puts it, and he puts it well, provided
the farmer is fit for the ivork. If a
farmer is systematic, and understands
both bee-keeping- and farming", tliere is
no question but what he can both farm
and keep bees, but that does not
change the fact that the busiest time
with farming- and with bee-keeping
both come at tlie same time. There
are several branches of agriculture
that may be taken up in connection
with bee-keeping- to much better ad-
vantag-e than g-eneral farming-. The
raising- of winter apples, or grapes,
the keeping of a winter dair}', the
raising of early chickens for broilers,
etc., are illustrations. I still main-
tain, however, that a man gains noth-
ing-, from a money point of view, by
eng-aging- in several occupations. A
man can do more of one thing to better
advantage and greater profit, than he
can do less of two thing-s. If a man
has a farm adapted to the growing of
potatoes, he will make more money,
and have less worry, by making a spe-
cialty of potatoes. He can have spe-
cial tools for this business; such tools
as the general farmer cannot afford.
Now then, the potato-farmer, or any
farmer, for that matter, instead of
putting money into bees, might better
take that mone}' and so use it as to
help him in his regular business.
The potato-farmer better use the money
in buying the best potato digger, or an
improved sprayer for sprajdng his
vines, or in slat-boxes in which to pick
up and store his potatoes, so as to
avoid handling them more than once.

The farmer who is making- a specialty
of ha}', better buy a hay tedder, or a
hay loader, or rig up a horse-fork for
unloading the hay, than to put money
into bees. If these men have all the
tools and appliances that it is possible
to procure or use in their business, then
they mig-ht better buy more land and
extend their business, than to take up
some other kind of business.

It is true that the bee-keeping, in
many localities, is largely dependent
upon agriculture, upon the crops that
are g-rown, but there is no necessity
that the bee-keeper should raise those
crops himself. The crops that a man
can raise, himself, on an ordinary
farm, will have very little influence
upon his honey crop. Flowers, or
honey plants, must cover large areas
in order to be of value as honey pro-
ducers. To take advantage of culti-
vated crops, the bee-keeper must locate
in a place where the natural condi-
tions favor the cultivation of the desired
crops; where they will be raised
whether he is there or not.

It is true, as our friend remind us,
that Mr. Coggshall does own and
manage a good sized farm. I believe
it was inherited, or something- of that
sort, and Mrs. Coggshall wished to
keep it and live upon it, as she con-
sidered it a safe place upon which to
bring up her boys, but Mr. Coggshall
told me, when I visited him some two
or three years ago, that, so far as
money was concerned, he would have
been better off if he had given away the
farm years ago. — Ed. Review.]

Ji'*'*'^' •'»"^^»^ M^^^*^^* ■'^»^^»^« ^i^^^*-" »jrit»^,^^^ ,^^^^jr»^^ji^^^^^^i.jr»^,^^^^^V« W>U»^F»^»A«^W'U^

5

ntorn

«^«^«»^«<*«^^«.rf»«^i^«^^«<«^K«*ir««^«^^^rf^«^»^«^«Ti«n^^i«*«,»^»^^*«»-i^,(H«^«^m«^»'«««^x«»^«««^«,*Hjr»«^i^iX»^f«.^M^^Hrf<

Wisconsin bee-keepers will hold
their annual convention Feb. 1 and 2,
in the Supervisor's room, court house,
at Madison.

In Horizontal Wiring of brood
frames, Mr. Dadant says that the
upper wire ought to be quite near the
top-bar — not more than an inch from

18

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

it. He thinks there is little if any need,
of wires in the lower half of the frame.

«^ir^ji-«jrtrf^««

The Total Membership of tne Na-
tional Association has now reached

2134.

I'H^R »«l^lL»»/»

S. A. NiVER, the g-enial, the jovial,
the jolly, the man with a vast and
varied experience as a seller of honey,
was married, December 26, to Mrs.
Alfarata Hull Jahnke. That the hap-
piest days of their past, may the sad-
dest days of their future, is the sincere
wish of the Review.

■^*««ni«rf^jr»

Advertising can help a bee conven-
tion or Association, just as it can an}'-
thing^ else. The manag'ers of the Chi-
cago and Northwestern convention sent
out 2000 circular letters shortly before
their meeting was to be held. As a
result, 25 men sent in their member-
ship fees by mail and the attendance
was away ahead of what it has been
in 3'ears.

A Thermometer is useful in the
cellar for more than one reason. It
not only shows whether there is a reg-
ularity of temperature, but if we find
the bees quiet one day and noisy the
next, we can't tell, without a thermom-
eter, whether it is the result of a fall
in the temperature or the reverse.

The Recognition of one bee-keeper
by another is sometimes accomplished
by a sort of intuition. At the Chicago
convention, a group of us in the hotel
office amused ourselves on the morning
of the first day by trying to pick out
the bee-keepers as they came in, even
though they were strangers. After
watching a man for a while, some one

of us would say, 'I'll bet he's a bee-
keeper." Then some one would go
over and ask him, and not a mistake
was made.

«^«^^<^»^«T<^i»

California had only a very light
crop of honey last season, and the
prospects are not very bright for next
year. I receive many letters from there
telling how whole apiaries are being
wiped out by starvation. The honey
seasons in California remind me
greatly of the little girl in the nursery
rhyme: "When they are good they are
very, very good; and when they are
bad they are horrid."

^f^p^t^^fii^^n.

Aug. Weiss, a well-known manufac-
turer of bee-supplies, especially comb
foundation, who lived at New London,
Wisconsin, died November 22nd, of
consumption. Mr. Weiss was an ex-
cellent mechanic, and made a very
superior grade of foundation, having a
special process of purifying and sheet-
ing the wax. I visited him last spring
when he was living at Greenville. He
was then confined to his room much of
the time, but still hopeful for the best.
If is certainly sad for the family to lose
the husband and father right in the
prime of life (he was only 42), and they
will assuredly' have the sympathy of
all their friends.

*.»*»lL<f»»^»^'

A National Committee is at work
upon a revision of definitions and
standards for farm products. Honey
is one of the subjects for consideration,
and this matter of a definition is really
of more importance than it would
seem at first thought. If it is defined
as "The nectar of flowers gathered by
the bees, transformed, and stored in
cells," it would throw out honey dew,
and a bee-keeper who put honey dew
on the market, even though it were
palatable and wholesome, or honey

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

19

with a small percentag^e of honey dew,
would lay himself liable to prosecu-
tion for adulterating- his honey.

A Delightful Entertainment
was furnished by E. R. Root at the
meeting of the Chicago and North-
western Bee-Keepers' Association. It
was a series of stereopticon views, to-
gether with moving pictures showing-
the swarming- and hiving of bees, as
well as some of the manipulations of
handling hives When the operator
jerked back his hand and rubbed the
back of it on his pants leg-, there was
a decidedl3^ audible snicker from the
audience. At the close of the enter-
tainment, live bees, placed between two
glass slides, were placed in the
lantern. In catching the bees and
putting them between the glass slides,
some of the bees lost their sting to the
sorrow of the operator. The sting re-
mained attached to one bee (not being
pulled entirely loose) and the way the
other bees chased this one, and tried to
remove the spng-, brought down the
house. The pictures of the bees on the
screen were about two feet in length.

^i^«^«"^«.*^»'»

MICHIGAN STATE CONVENTION.

The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual con-
vention Feb. 23rd and 24th, at the
Eagle Hotel in Grand Rapids. The
Michigan dairymen will hold their
convention at the same time and place,
and the bee-keepers can take advan-
tage of the reduced rates given the
dairymen. When buying your ticket
ask for a certificate on account of the
meeting of the State dairymen's meet-
ing. The Secretary of the dairymen's
association will sign this certificate,
which will enable the holder to buy a
return ticket at one-third fare. This is
done with the knowledge and consent
of the railroads. Several associations
often meet in this way, and the Secre-
tary of one association signs all of the
certificates. The Eagle Hotel is located

at 65 Market St., corner of Louis
street, one block south of Monroe
street. It will g-ive a rate of $1.50 a
day, and furnish a room free for hold-
ing the convention. Grand Rapids is
located in a g-ood honey producing- dis-
trict, easilj' accessible from the north-
ern, southern and middle parts of the
State, and a large crowd ought to be
present. The editor of the American
Bee Journal and of Gleanings have
promised to come if it is possible.

^^d^^nt^^m^K

BEE-KEEPERS' MEETINGS IN YORK
STATE.

A series of bee-keepers' meetings
has been arranged for in New York,
to be held as follows: Canandaigua,
Jan. 9 and 10; Romulus, Jan. 11, Au-
burn, 12; Cortland, 13; Syracuse, IS;
Fulton, 16; Watertown, 17 and 18:
Amsterdam, 19.

Through the Bureau of Farmers' In-
stitutes, Mr. N. E. France, General
Manager of ihe National Bee-Keepers'
Association, has been engaged to ad-
dress the meetings

The convention at Watertown, on the
18th, will be the meeting of the State
Association, at which many of the pro-
gressive bee-keepers of New York and
adjoining States are expected to be
present.

TEACHING BEE-KEEPING IN THE
SCHOOLS

If bee-keeping were taught in the
public schools, or even a general out-
line of bee-keeping given, it would
eventually do much to popularize
honey, and to kill the manufactured
comb honey stories. I am glad to do
all that I can to help in that direction,
hence I take pleasure in making room
for the following from Mr. Bigelow of
Connecticut:
To the Editor:—

For some time I have been endeavor-
ing to advance the claims of honey bees
as an educational — "Nature Study" —
topic. It seems to me that honey bees

20

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

are more available, more interesting
and more practical for the school room,
and for teachers and pupils outside of
the school room, than certain other
branches of entomology that have been
more talked about and studied by
teachers and pupils.

I desire to obtain information of ex-
perience with bees by teachers who
have kept bees, especially from the
"Nature Study" standpoint. Also
will young people under eignteen years
of age who have personally cared for
bees, please write me of their experi-
ence.

Any suggestions from veteran bee-
keepers for interesting teachers and
pupils in bees will be much apppreci-
ated.

Please inform me where straw hives
are in use in this country.

Edw. F. Bigelow, Stamford, Conn.,
Lecturer at Teachers' Institute and

"Nature and Science" editor of the
St. Nicholas Magazine.

«^*^rf^«'»iijm*

MAKE GLUCOSE SAIL UNDER ITS TRUE
COLORS.

I have received from Harry Lathrop
the following communication: —

Friend Hutchinson: — I would like to
point out some work for the National
Association to do. Occasionally an
article appears in one or the other of
the bee journals on the svibject of
sugars, honey, glucose and the chemi-
cal properties of each. These arti-
cles are among the more instructive
that we have had. I have tried to
write some along this line for the gen-
eral jiress in order to call attention to
the claims of honey as being superior
to other sweets, especially glucose
mixtures. I have called attention to
the great work that has been accom-
plished by the dairy interests in this
State in securing laws to control the
manufacture of imitation butter. The
dairy interests are strong and well
organized. They have secured pro-
tection for their industry. The bee-
keepers have a stronger case against
the glucose factories bnt are not strong
enough to protect ourselves. The in-
formation we have at present is not
definite. I propose that the officers of
the National make application to the
authorities at Washington, for a spe-
cial examination into the composition
and quality of the various cheap table
syrups that are being pushed to the

front by powerful, organized capital.
That when we get the " information
from this high authority, we publish it
broad cast by every and all means,
especially by having bee-keepers pre-
pare short articles for their local news-
papers. If commercial glucose con-
tains traces of acid used in its manu-
facture, which is dangerous to the
health of consumers, let us see that it
gets what it deserves; a complete air-
ing. It never was claimed that imi-
tation butter was injurious to health,
but they got after it, and tiow it has to
sail under its own colors. This is im-
portant, don't turn it down.

It is my impression that high author-
ities have pronounced glucose a whole-
some food, as has been done with oleo-
margerine, but the manufacturers
desired, of course, to sell their pro-
duct as butter. It was their intention
to deceive, and it would have been from
this source, deception, that chey would
have reaped their richest harvest, to the
loss of the butter maker, had not the
latter secured laws compelling the sale
of oleomargerine for exactly what it is.
We have laws now compelling the
branding and labeling of glucose mix-
tures in such a manner as to show the
true character of the mixture. If it is
true that such mixtures are unwhole-
some, then it ought to be known and
published, and their sale prohibited.

THE MAKING OF THE REVIEW.

As you sit down by the lamp light,
and read the Review through in per-
haps two hours, I wonder if you
realize the amount of work that has
been required to produce it. It may
be of interest to describe that work.
First comes the work of getting the
materials, the correspondence, the ex-
tracts, and writing the editorials. No
one not an editor can understand the
eagerness, the solicitude, thethorough-
ness. with which the whole country is
searched and scanned for desirable
correspondence. Correspondence, such
as it is, is easy to get. Every editor
has bundles of it, and drawers full of
it, but something new, something

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

21

novel, something' that has not been told
before, and, above all, something' of
unusual value to his readers, is sought
for high and lovv^. For men who can
write such articles, the editor is
always on the watch. To find them he
travels about the country, visits con-
ventions, and "catches on" to every
little hint found in his letters. To
illustrate: A man once gave me an
inkling of a new S3'stem that he had
discovered, when I at once took a trip
of 500 miles to visit him, and after-
wards paid him a good round sum to
write up his system for the Review.
Many practical men, those who can
write from a large experience, have
very little education in the line of writ-
ing; and it is no little work to put
some of their communications into
shape for print. In more than one in-
stance have I found it the quickest and
best way to simply re- write the article.
An editor, however, doesn't mind these
things; is glad to do it, if the ideas are
only there.

Then the editor of a journal must
read all of the exchanges; doing the
work thoroughly, carefully and thought-
fully; trying to realize that ideas and
articles are not to be noticed simply
because they happen to agree with his
wa}' of thinking. Many times the
ideas in an article can be condensed
into a short item of a few lines; again
it may require quite a little space to do
the subject justice; and, occasionally,
an article is so valuable, or so well-
written, that it must be copied entire.
Then these extracts usually call for
editorial comment. Some point needs
to be emphasized, another criticis-
ed, perhaps something added that the
reading of tlie matter has called to the
editor's mind.

Then there is the writing of the edi-
torials. I often ask myself, where do
the ideas come from, where do I get
the seed thoughts ? They come from
everywhere. From the reading of the
other bee journals, from visiting and

working in apiaries, from attending-
conventions, from reading the letters of
bee-keepers, and, often from matters
that may seem quite remote from bee-
keeping. I think this "editorial
habit" grows upon a man. He almost
constantly has his paper with him,
"in his mind;" every incident that
comes to him is at once examined and
compared with other facts, and all
with a view as to whether it will prove
available as "grist for his mill."
The more an editor gets about, the
more people, of the right kind, he meets,
the more experience he has in the
apiary, the more journals he reads,
etc., the better will he be able to write
helpful editorials. In one sense his
mind might be compared to a well. If
it is continually pumped out, and no
more runs into it, it will soon "run
dry. "

As all of this matter comes to hand,
it is sorted over, and that thought suit-
able for use in the Review is edited
(corrected read}' for the compositor)
and put awa}' in twelve large envel-
opes. Upon the side of one envelope is
written the word "January;" on the
next "February;" and so on for all of
the months. Matter appropriate for
publication in January is placed in
the January envelop; that for June in
the June envelope. When the time
comes for getting out the June Review,
the June envelope is taken down, when
a large share of the "copy" will be
found all ready prepared for the
printer. It sometimes requires some
will-power to put away, in August, a
most excellent article on "shook-
swarming, " and wait until the next
May before publishing it; or to wait
from March until October before print-
ing an article on the ventilation of bee-
cellars; but I think the value of a bee
journal is largely increased by having
the matter timely.

The foregoing gives just a glimpse
of the pains and work employed in se-
curing reading matter for the Review;

22

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

then comes the advertising-. About this
there is a continual and endless cor-
respondence. Many advertisements
have to be edited, sometimes wholly re-
w^ritten, the same as is the case with
some articles. There are old adver-
tisements g-oing- out each issue, and
new ones coming- in, besides the
chang-es to be made in some that are
run reg-ularl}'. I often have several
letters back and forth with an adver-
tiser, helping him to get his advertise-
ment in the best possible shape. I
have even set up an advertisement, and
sent an advertiser proof, that he might
see exactly how it would look, how
much space it would occupy, and how
much it would cost. I once spent a
da}^ and made a journey of 140 miles,
to consult with an advertiser who was
thinking- of using a half page in the
Review for several months, and I there-
bj' secured the advertisement. I read
journals devoted to adveriising, not
only for the sake of making my own
advertising more effective, but that I
may be able to help my advertisers
with their advertising. Some might
think that all of this care and assist-
ance for advertisers unnecessary and
uncalled for. "Let advertisers fix up
their own advertisements — that's their
business," some may say. Not so.
The better advertising a man does, the
greater his custom and the greater his
profits, and the more likely is he to
continue the advertising, thereby bring-
ing profit to the publisher. Then, be-
sides this selfish motive, there is an un-
selfish desire to help my friends, the
advertisers.

Aside from the reading matter and
the advertisements, there must be one
good picture in each issue, sometimes
several of them, and to secure these re-
quires no little effort. As I said in
regard to corresponence, it is notrouble
to secure any number of photographs,
but to get such as are wanted is not so
easy. I have said that I would never
publish a poor picture or engraving in

the Review, and, so far, I have pretty
nearly kept my word. Not only do I
try to have beautiful, clear pictures,
but I endeavor, as far as possible, to
have them of some actual use, like the
one in this issue, for instance. Of
course, the possession of a camera,
and knowledge how to use it, have
greatly aided me in making the pic-
tures in the Review what they have been
— to secure the subjects, however, I
have travelled hundreds, yes, thou-
sands of miles, and shall probably
travel as many more.

After the material has been gathered
for the making of the Review, then
conies the mechanical part; that of set-
ting the type, taking proof, making the
corrections, arranging the matter in
pages, putting these pages into a steel
frame called a "chase," in which the
matter can be squeezed up so tight,
"locked up," that it can be lifted up
and carried like a solid board, the
putting of this "form'' of type on a
press and doing the actual printing,
that is, the presswork, the folding of
the printed sheets, the gathering to-
gether of the different sheets into one
book, or copy, of the Review, the
stitching of these copies, the trimming
of them, the wrapping of them up for
mailing, yes, and the setting up in
t3'pe of the names and addresses, of
the subscribers, the yirinting of the
lists thus arranged, and the cutting up
and pasting on of the addresses, by
the use of a "mailer" — these are some
of the things that must be done in
"getting out the paper. " To describe
them all in detail would be of interest
to those not acquainted with the art of
printing, but it would require at least
a whole issue of the Review.

A publisher, like the manager of any
enterprise, has his business "on his
mind" most of the time. He is asking
himself such questions as these: Is
the paper I am using good enough, is
the old type becoming so worn that the
paper deserves a "new dress," could

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

23

new displaj' type or borders be used
to advantage in the advertisements,
should I use more eng'ravings, how is
the cover to my journal, is there any
way in which it can be made more
handsome or approjiriate, am I pub-
lishing' enough correspondence, or
would my readers be better pleased
with more editorials, in what way can
money be spent to the best advantage
in improving the paper, etc? Several
years ago I spent $50 in sending out
circulars to those who had allowed
their Review to be discontinued, ask-
ing them wh}^ they had stopped taking
the Review. Quite recently I spent a
similar sum in asking those who had
received samples and not subscribed,
why they did not subscribe. A self-
addressed stamped envelope was sent
out with each circular. In each of
these instances the knowledge gained
has warranted the expense. Actual

knowledge of what is wanted by sub-
scribers, of what will please them best,
is of inestimable value to a publisher.

And after a man has succeeded in
making a good journal, then comes the
selling of it. As the raising of a good
crop of honey is only half the battle,
so the publishing of a good journal is
onl}' laying the foundation for success.
The advertising in its various forms,
the securing of subscribers, and, the
holding of them, in short, the selling
of the journal at a good price, and
getting the pay for it, calls for tully as
much time, energy, thought and ex-
pense as does the making of it — but
that is another story.

Just a word more in closing: If a
man has no taste nor ability for this
kind of work, if he can't do it content-
edly, cheerfully, yes, even enthusi-
asticallj', he better go out and dig
ditches.

EXTRACTED DEPARTMENT.

SUGAR-FEEDING IN THE APIARY.

Does the Practice Add to the Belief in
Adulteration ?

Several times of late, has there been
mentioned in the Review, the practice
of feeding sugar to bees, either as a
stimulative food, or as winter stores.
There seems to be some opposition to
this practice, and, as I wish to
be entirely fair, and give all sides a
hearing, I copy from the American Bee
Keeper an article by Arthur C. Miller,
It reads as follows: —

At last Uncle John Hardscrabble (or
his ghost) has touched a subject where
we can meet on common ground.

The feeding habit is, I believe, a
real evil to the bee-keeping industry.
It is not conducive to popularity to as-
sail the practice; in fact, the person
who even hints that bee-keepers
should abandon it, is pretty sure to be
censured, and, as the Deacon has said,
to be charged with writing for effect.

Yes, I am writing for effect — to
effect a change — though the possibility
of any improvement seems remote
enoug-h. Aught that touches the bee-
keeper's pocket, touches a tender spot,
and to ask him to abandon a lucrative
practice without offering him an as
good or better alternative, is hopeless,
unless he can be shown an ultimate
loss or certain disaster from pursuing
present ways. Some time ago I wrote
a criticism of an article on feeding,
and the editor to whom I sent it very
courteously wrote me, saying it seemed
unwise to open a discussion along
such lines, tliat it would only arouse
suspicion on the part of the public and
would do no g'ood.

rhe suspicions of the public are
already aroused. A large part of the
consumers know quite well that bee-
keepers feed their bees sugar in some
form, and they believe that much of
the hone}' is so produced. They are
decidedly sceptical as to the bees'
ability' to gather more than a ver}' few
pounds from the flowers, and natur-
ally attribute the balance to the sugar
barrel.

24

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

There are times when the bees must
be fed to live, and it is quite logical to
use the cheapest .and most convenient
material available, but even under
stress of such necessity I question if
it would not be better to bu^'^ cheap
honey for the purpose, if only for the
looks of the thing. When it comes to
stimulative feeding and feeding for
winter stores, there is no question in
my mind but that honey is the better
food both from the point of utility and
from that of ethics.

Suppose it is possible to so feed the
bees that all of the syrup is consumed
and that none of it goes into the sur-
plus; the average consumer won't be-
lieve it. It may be said the consumer
does not know. Perhaps not in many
cases, but he does in others, and sus-
pects all. Then if he asks the bee-
keeper, what is the result? We know
that the small amount of syrup that
gets into the honey from stimulative
feeding (when this is carefully and
honestly done) is small indeed. But
there are the looks of the thing, and
the name of it, and such a name does
not react to our advantage.

But none too few among us are not
careful with stimulative feeding, and
as for fall feeding, they crowd the
brood chamber with food. Anyone
who is familiar with the various feed-
ing systems advocated is well aware
that most of them afford ample oppor-
tunity for some of the syrup to get into
the honey. If there is a probability
or a possibility of any being there,
then the bee-keeper cannot honestly
say that his honey is absolutely pure.
And until we can say that we cannot
raise our hand or voice against others
who buy our honey and then add more
sjTup of some kind.

Furthermore, countenancing of the
feeding practice aft'ords an excellent
cover for the dishonest man to feed
purposely for sale as hone3\

But there is another phase of the
subject.

We are competing with sj'rups of
different kinds, based on sugar or glu-
cose, and we turn around and buy
from our competitors, get the name of
having their goods in our products,
and get the priceof our products forced
down toward the level of theirs. Be-
sides the influx of cheap honey threat-
ens the prices still more.

Is it not possible for us to drop the
sugar and buy this cheap honey and
feed that to our bees, thereby removing
one article of competition, stopping

our patronage of the sugar manufac-
turers and removing all grounds for
stigma on our goods ?

The danger of foul brood need cause
no vvorr}'. Scalding the honey will
prevent contagion from that source.
For very late fall feeding and for
spring stimulating, the honey is much
better than sugar syrup. Bees have
to "invert" the cane sugar before they
can use it. It is really a part of the
digestion of the food, but is performed
outside the alimentary canal proper.
It costs the bees energy, and this
energy is normally given when the at-
mospheric temperature is high and
when bee life is cheap. Late given
sugar stores and early spring food
demands the services of the bees when
conditions of temperature and numbers
are ag^ainst them. They can thrive
under such adverse conditions, but how
much better might they do if they did
not have to work against such odds.
Some bee-keepers have said thej' can
see no difference between the two kinds
of food, so far as the bees are con-
cerned. But the difference is there
and can be determined when the ex-
periments are properly made. The
sugar men appreciate the value of our
patronage, and they use our letters
and our published articles to further
the sale of their goods. Their circu-
lars bearing our recommendation go
broadcast over the land, and they
speak of the use of sugar in terms of
tons, not povmds.

Here is an extract of a testimonial
from one such circular. I have omitted
name for obvious reasons:

"Within a month we have used a ton
of Dry Granulated Sugar pro-
cured from Sugar Co., which

we have fed to our bees. Today we
are ordering two tons more of the
same, and expect to feed it during the
entire season. We find the best way
to feed it is two-thirds sugar and one-
third water. * * * * This sugar
makes a good syrup and the bees take
it and store it readily."

There are the facts, gentlemen. It
is for you to decide whether or not you
will continue practices so fraught with
danger to our industry.

To my mind, the most logical argu-
ment in the foregoing is that the using
of sugar for feed, increases the amount
of honey left upon the market. This
is true; and, if the amount of Sugar fed
were considerable, I should look upon

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

25

the matter as one worthy of serious
consideration. Very few people com-
parativelj', find it necessary to use sug-ar
for eitlier fall or spring- feeding; and I
g^reatly doubt if the practice will ever
become sufficiently great, even if uni-
versall}' approved, to make any diflrer-
ence in the price of honey.

There is no doubt that in many
localities honey answers equally as
well as sugar for winter stores, and
in some places it may be purchased as
cheaply as sug^ar, but the danger
from foul brood is too great to counte-
nance the practice of buying honey and
feeding it to the bees. Only an in-
spector of apiaries knows of the num-
erous instances in which foul brood has
resulted from the bees gaining access to
honey that has been purchased. Of
course, no one should ever think of
buying honey and feeding it to the bees
without first boiling the honey. In
this case the honey must be diluted by
adding an equal quantity of water;
and I fear that the energy required to
evaporate this water may fully be as
great as that required to "invert"
cane sugar. Then, how do we know
but this "inversion" does not come
about automatically, so to speak, with-
out effort or energy ? If honey is
thoroughly and properly boiled there
is no question but what it will then
contain no living germs of foul brood,
but we must take into consideration
the lack ot thoroughness, and the care-
lessness, with which many people are
afflicted. Perhaps there is a little
honey slopped up against the inside of
the vessel, above the upper surface of
the honey as it stands in the vessel,
and this honey is never boiled, and
later, this honey becomes mixed with
the other; we all know what the results
would be. For the fear of getting foul
brood into my apiary, I would never
under any circumstances, buy honey
and feed to my bees.

The objection most frequently urged
against the use of sugar in the apiary

is that its use may add to the belief in
adulteration. It must be remembered,
however, that the general public knows
very little of what is going on in a
modern apiary. The general public
does not get its ideas of adulteration,
of artificial comb honey, and all this,
from visiting apiaries, but from the
sensational stories going the rounds of
the public press. I have always used
sugar in my apiary whenever I found
it profitable to do so, and I never could
see that the reputation, or sale of my
honey, suffered by so-doing. If neigh-
bors or visitors called, and asked
questions, they were answered truth-
fully, and full explanations given as to
when, and why, and how the sugar
was used. If the feeding of sugar for
winter stores, or for stimulating in the
spring, would bring with it a chance
for detriment to the surplus, it would
be an entirely difl'erent affair, but it
does not. "When it is better from a
dollar and cent standpoint, and from
safety to the bees in winter, to use
sugar instead of honey, and, still fur-
ther, we eliminate the danger of getting
foul brood, I think it very foolish to re-
fuse to use it because its use might
give a chance for some one to say we
adulterated our hone3^

Bro. Miller speaks about the sugar-
men sending broadcast circulars con-
taining recommendations from bee-
keepers. In all of my bee-keeping life
I have never received such a circular.
I wish he could have given us the name
of the man who wrote that testimonial.
It contains one very weak point.
V/here is the bee-keeper so lacking in
sense as to feed his bees with sugar
the "entire season, " thus keeping them
at home, at an expense, when they
might otherwise go out and gather
nectar that costs nothing ?

I have never before had an oppor-
tunity for an argument with my good
friend Miller, and I hope he will ex-
cuse me for having thus made the most
of it.

26

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

The Best Bee Goods in the World
ARE LEWIS GOODS

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WISi

/ M<X TERTO WN,

MAKES THE FINEST

SEND FOR NEW CATALOGUE

NEARLY 100 PAGES

G. B. LEWIS CO, WATERTOWN, WIS.

I^ake Your Ovs/n Hives.

% 3ee ^ Keepers

jjl Will save money by
^ using- our Foot Pow-
%) er Saw in making"
^t their hives, sections
%^ and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogue.
W.F.&JK0.6&RNESC0.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

27

■HRIIinBifininif iiiiiiiii§iiiii[[iifiiiiiiii:Biiiiii[iiaiiii[iiiiaMiiiii'iHii[iiiiiiaiiiiiiiiigiiiiiiiiifii[iiifi'
i|iMii|liiiiililiiliiiiiiiiliiiiiliili;iiiliiiiliiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiiiiiiii|iiiii

11 ffiapshfield (Dfg. Co.

■ illlllfl!BIIIIIIII)|

iNiiiiiilaiiiijiilii

|llllll[liailllMIIIB!!ll]llll|

iiiiiliiiiaiiiiiiiiliiiijiiiii

|iiiiiiiiigiiiiiii|i|iiii|i|

illllllll llNliililJ"-::^!

Were we behind on
orders this season?
Yes, but we can fill
orders again same
day when received.
Remember our busi-
ness is making honey
sections and shipping
cases, besides, being
dealers in beekeepers'
supplies. Send in
3^our orders.

IVIaPshfield JVIfg. Co.

IWarshfield, Wis.

The Graham -Hyde

BEE COMPANY

SPECIALTIES

FAI^CONER'S Bee - Keepers' vSup-
plies. We have Falconer's branch
house, covering the entire South-
western States and Mexico. Send for
special catalog, etc.

BEES and QUEENS All leading
races. Bees and nuclei in any
quantity, for distant shipments, a
specially. Setid for circular and
prices.

HONEY and WAX bought and
sold. Honey cans in season. Be
sure and get our prices.

OUR MOTTO : To have everything
the bee-keeper needs, and to buy his
product in return. Correspondence
earnestly solicited.

THE GRAHAM - HYDE BEE'CO.,

San Antonio, Texas.

Successors to the Hyde Bee Sup-
ply Co. " i-05-tf

■iiiiiiHniiiiiilBiiiiiiiiia

iiniiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiia

■iiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiaimiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiia

Root's Goods 2vt
Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

Ivarge and complete stock on hand
at all times. I,ow freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pou«acr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOI^IS, IND.

||i||||§!{|i|ii|iB I a ! a I ■

SiililgijjjijigijiiiiiiigiiiiiijiiBullllilii

Ditttnetif's
Foundation

Is the Best.

Will tell you WHY. If you

will send for Free Catalog

and Samples.

Early Order Discount on
Full Line of Supplies.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

Working Wax into Founda-
tion for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

Foundation.

Gus. Dittrner,

Autrusta, - - Wisconsin

■iij{iiuiaijjiiiijiaiuiiuiiauiuiijiBiiiiiuiiaijjJuiia''"''"'>iiiJiiiiiaMiMBijiiujiajiiJujiaiiiiiuiiaDJiiujjau^^^^

28

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

( PATEINT", BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24
< YEIARS the: BEIST. CATALOG FREZEI.
F. BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH

Limited.

Famous

Train

of

the

World.

Chicago— St. Paul— Minneapolis.

VIA

The St. Paul Road.

(Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry.)

Equipment and Service
Unequaled.

Time tables, maps and information
furnished on application to

F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent,
Chicago, 111.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last ."ipritig, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review— simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

Discount on all orders sent in
during January. By sending
your order now you will save
money and secure prompt
shipment. Our Hives, Sec-
tions, etc., are of perfect work-
manship. Send for catalogue
— free for the ordering.
Page & Lyon M'f'g Co.,

New London, Wis.

io-04-tf

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing business in every Slate

in the Union and in many foreign countries.
The demand for Laws" queens has doubled any

previous season's sales.
L,aws' queens and bets -xre putting up a large

share of the hon^y now sold
I^aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over

the world. Why? Because it is the best to

be had.
Remember ! rhat I have a larger stock than ever;

that I can send you a queen any month in

the year and guarantee safe delivery; that I

have many fine breeders on hand. Price.

$3.00 each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for $6.00.

Prices reduced after March 15. Send for

circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

29

We'll Botb Lo5e tbi? Page Uple??
You Read it

Let's start fair. Yes, I am the Yellowzone Man. I want
to tell you a few straight things about these little yellow tab-
lets. Wish 1 could see you face to face.

For 20 years I've been a g'en-
eral practitioner. Been located
in the same town, and hard at
work the whole time.

During these years I've studied
and wrestled with the great prob-
lem of curing people b}^ the easi-
est and surest methods. And I've
wrestled and studied under most varied
conditions. Graduall}' the combina-
tion now used in YZ began to take
shape. Three things were necessary:
It must be safe; have a wide range;
and must DO THINGS. One change
after another was made, some ingredi-
ents thrown out, others added, more
of this or less of thtit — all the time
watchingfor better and quicker results.
"Well, results came! My patients notic-
ed it as well as 1. With a little hand
machine I made the remedy intotablets.
Calls came for the}n instead of for me.
"Ma wants more tablets like she had
before." "Please send me some yellow
tablets, same as before, when I was
sick," etc. Then I found, to m}' pleas-
ure, as well as consternation, that
some of my best families were depend-
ing on the tablets instead of on the doctor,
and were getting along all right. The
Tablets were DOING THINGS. The
local demand increased. I hitched a
nametothem— itwas YELLOWZONES,

and put them up in small envel-
opes with printed directions.
"Hand Made" was too slow. In
1896 I arranged with The Abbott
Co., Chicago, to make them, 100,
000 at a time. They make them
yet. If good for De Tour peo-
ple why not for others? And I adver-
tised. Used to own an apiary, my-
self, and got a notion that bee-keepers
were a pretty fine lot of people, so I
advertised in some of the bee journals.
You see I do yet. Many leading Bee-
Keepers who were among those earliest
customers have used them in their
homes ever since and are still among
my best patrons— and friends. No,
YZ will not cure all diseases, (though
there are very few conditions in which
they will not give great relief.) They
will not perform miracles. But they
DO THINGS, just the same. If vou
use YZ we're both better off. I make
a fair profit on them, and you make
more than I by the real good they do
you.

Remember, when you buy YZ you
deal with me.

If there's an^^ kicking to be done you
know right where to do it; or any
advice wanted, you know just where
to ask it.

Y

iVow let's get together— better for us both.
You are not risking your dollar, for if not
perfectly satis£ed I'll return your money and
make you a present of another box; a square
deal, WITH NO STRING TO IT.

z

TII£^ PRICIER, with a vial of Zonets, for the bowels, is $i oo per
box. {Also a trial size, 2t 5 c.) W. B. HOUS£!, De Tear, Michigan.

30

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

THE

FOUNTAIN
PEN

has the
^^LUCKY CURVE^^

The "lucky curve" is a curve in
the fted pipe that brings its inner
opening out against the inside of
the barrel of the pen, and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of the
feed-pipe when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage At the same time
the feed-pipe is kept moist with
ink and ready for business-
There are other good features
about the Parker. One is the al-
most impossibility of breaking
the handle. If it breaks from
anj- cause within a year a new
one is sent free.

Mr. N. E. France. General Man-
ager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, has carried a Parker
pen for years, and "swears by it,"
so to speak. I have carried one
now for a year myself, and can
truthfullj^ say that I have derived
more satisfaction from it than
from any other fountain pen that
I have ever carried, and I have
tried several other kinds. I offer-
ed this pen last year in connection
with the Review, and sold a large
number of them, and I don't know
of a dissatisfied customer. If there
is, I want to hear from him.
There are plentj' of pens that I
might offer for $i.oo and make
more money than I am making oa
the Parker, but I care more to
furnish my subscribers a good
article nt a fair profit, than to
make a big profit on a cheap pen.
There are different styles of
pens varying in price from 51.50 to
Jio.oo, depending upon the finish
of the handle. My pen cost $2 00
and, so far as practical use is con-
cerned, is the equal of any; and I
have iTiade arrangements where-
by I can send the Review one
year, and one of the $2.00 pens,
for only $2.30. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed, or money
will be refunded.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
Flint, Michigan,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Prices

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

4-04-6t 147-149 Cedar I<ake Road

IWiUf'inDjI

1 1=2 STORY,

8-frame hives, either plain, or bee-way
supers, $1.00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 lb shipping- cases, $13.00
for 100; 12 ft) $8.00 for 100; 201b Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with orders of $5.00 or
over. Send for free list.

W. D. SOPEK,

R. D. 3

Jackson, Mich.

Bees and Queens

Have you tried my queens? They are as good
as money can buy; they are daughters of impor-
ted mothers; and no 1 ains have been spared to
mate them purely. When you send me an orcer
I fill it promptly and guarantee perfect satisfac-
tion. I have the three-banded Italians, goldens,
Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy Lands and Albinos.

Untested queens, of either race, 7 cts. each;
tested, yi.50; breeders, $3.00. Special prices on
lots of a dozen or more. Two-frame nuclei a
specialty.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

— If you are going to-

BUY A BtfZZ-SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
aew Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the jirice at
which he would sell it.

{ROOT'S BEE-SUPPliIES

AT

J^OOT'S PRICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL. Kendall. Mich

Comb and Extracted

Honey CiUanted.

State kind and quality, how put
up, and lowest price.

CHARLES KOEPPEN,
6-o4-9t. Fredericksburg, Va.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

31

Ten Volumes of Fiction.

To occasionally unbend and read a
g-ood story actually does us good, and it
is with pleasure that I am able to make
an offer of excellent fiction at an un-
precedentedly low price. The Success
Co. (publisher of the Success Mag-a-
zine) h s gathered together nearly six-
ty stories that are veritable gems of
literature. Each story is complete in
itself — not fragmentary, as in some so-
called '"libraries."

There is not room to mention all of
the authors, over fifty in number, but
here are a few of the names: Bayard
Taylor, Frank R. Stockton, Edward
Bellamy, C. A. Stephens, N. P. Willis,

Rebecca Harding Davis, Frances
Hodgson Burnett, Octave Thanet, and
many others in this same high class.

The ten volumes contain nearly 2,000
pages, and are strongly and richly
bound in silver-gray, watered cloth
having the appearance of fine silk.

Now as to the offer: I will send that
splendid, helpful, monthly magazine,
"Success, " and the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view one year, and these ten volumes
of fiction, express prepaid, for only
$3.75.

This set of books may also be secur-
ed by adding $2.00 to any of the club-
offers made on page 2.

W* Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Michigan.

32

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

There is a growing demand
for a feeder that can be used for
simulative feeding in spring; one
tliat can be left under the hive
all summer, and one that can be
used at all times without excit-
ing robbing. The

EASTIWAH
FEEDEt^

fills the bill. We show one in
Dovetailed Hive Showing the place, one standing on end and
Hastiuan Feeder in Position, one on cover.

itOHTn-itinTP Bee-Hives, Sections, Fences, Smokers, Foundation
Ur l\J UniLi Comb, Bee Veils, Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Supplies, manufactured and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

I CflH SEIiIi GOODS CHEAPER

than the majority of dealers
can furnish them, and here
are some of the reasons whj^: I am in the heart of the lumber regions,
where lumber is cheap and there is no freight to pay; I am in a small
country town where labor is cheap; I have new, up-to-date labor-sav-
ing machinery run by water nower — the cheapest power in the world.
Not only will I sell goods cheaper, but / will pay the freight to Chi-
cago, St. Paul or Minneapolis, on shipments passing through those
points. Send for my catalog and get my prices before ordering.

THE RURAL BEE KEEPER

A monthly bee journal devoted to the interest of the Bee Keepers of America will teach
you how to make money with Bees. May number tells about feeding bees. July is de-
voted to Queen Rearing; August to marketing honey. September to preparation for winter;
October, the wintering problem. I aim to give big value for your money. Swarming, and
how it is being controlled to the cash benefit of the Bee Keeper, is the subject upon which
the June number treats. It will be the purpose of the Rural Bee Keeper to champion the
cause of the small country bee keeper, to show him the way to make money out of bees,
bj' first showing how to produce the greatest amount of choice honey in the shape that
will bring the best cash return with the least expense, and later will show him how to
cash his crop. Subscribe now. Begin with the first issue and get fifty dollars worth of
good sound information in one year for fifty cents.

IN THE FRONT RANK

Beverly, N. J., July 17, 1904.
W. H. Putnam,

River Falls, Wis.
Dear Sir:—

I must congratulate you on the reading matter you have in the Rural Bee Keeper, it
is all that could be desired, and just what I have been wanting. I take seven Bee papers
and consider yours only equaled by Gleanings and the Review. Every number so far has
been worth more than the subscription price to me. I do not see how you can fail if the
present standard is kept up. Wishing you success, I remain.

Yours truly,

James T. Fennell.

— W. H. PUTNAM, River FaUs, Wis.=

Honey Quotations.

The fol owing rules for grading honey were
adopted I y the North Ameiican Bre-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, and, so
far as pr.ssible, quotations are niade according to
thtse rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sidfs; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row ot cells next the wood.

No. I. — All .sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, det ched at the bottom, or with
but few ce'ls unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soilcd by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be c'assified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,''
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given if the following quo'ations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a few d- alers charge only
five per cent when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

^I^CIN^■'ATI — Since our last report wa» pub-
lished, the price of extracted honey has ad-
vanced, no d-ubt acting in .sympathy with the
sugar market We quote ambei extracted in
barrels 6 to 6^c;white clover extracted in barrels
and cans, at;65^ to S^c; fancy comb honey, 13 to
14c; beeswax 28c.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO
Dec. 38 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

PHILAPEI.PHIA— Honey has not been quite
so active in the last ten days, but more demand
is expected soon, as more honey is sold at the
present time than at any season of the j'ear.
We quite: Fancy white 15 to i6c; No. i, 13 to 14c;
amber II to 12c; white extracted 7 to 8c; amber
extracted 6 to 7c; beeswax sells quick 25 to 26c.
We are producers of honey and do not handle on
commission.

WM. A. SELSER,
Dec. 8, 1904. 10 V^ine Street,

Philadelphia, Pa.

KAMSaS CITY— Not much demand as yet for
comb honey, although extracted is moving fairly
well. We look for better demand after first of
the year. Beeswax in good demand. We quote
as follows: Fancy white, per case $2.25; white
extracted, 6}4 to 7c: beeswax 30c.

C C. CL,EMONS & CO..
Dec. 30, 1904. Kansas City, Mo.

KANSAS CITv_Mar^ et has been overstocked
with both comb and extracted honey; but of a
poor quality. No. i to fancy is in demand A
good demand for beeswax We quote as follows;
Fau-y white, ri toii^c; No. i white iic; fancy
amber loc; white, extracted 65^c; amber 5c; bees-
wax 30c.

WALKER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Dec. 30, 1904. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo

CHICAGO— There is a fair demand tor honey
at following prices: Fancy white 13c to 14c; No.
1 white, 12 to i2^c; fancy amber 10 to iic: No. i
amber 8 to gc; fancy dark 9 to roc; No. i dark 8c.
White extracted 6^ to 7c; amber 6 to6J4;dark5
to 6c; beeswax 29 to 30c.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Dec, 28, 1904 199 So. Water St.

BUFFAI^O- Really fancy or No. i sells well
as quoted, but lower grades have to be pushed
and cut to move them. We quote as follows:
Fancy white 14 to '5c; No. i white 12 toi3c; fancy
amber 10 to iic; No. i amber 9 to loc; fancy dark
8 to 9c; No. I dark 7 to 8c; white extracted 5 to
7c; amber 5 to 5^; beeswax 25 to 32c.
BATTERSON & CO.,
Dec. 29 1904. Buffalo. N. Y.

NEW YORK -The market is quiet on comb
honey. Extracted is .selline fairly well. Bees-
wax wanted >Ve quote as follows: Fancy white
14 to 15c; No. I white 13c; fancy amber 12c; No. i
amber iic; fancy dark loc; No. i d.irk 9c; white,
extracted 6 to 6^c; amber 5^ to 5^c; dark 5 to
554c; beeswax 29c

HII^DRETH & SEGFXKEN,

82-86 Murray St,
Dec. 29, 1904. New York.

CHICAGO— Trade r-n honey during the p-ist
two weeks has been very good, although a good
many of the jobbers are holding off buying until
after Jan. ist on account of stock taking

The supply of comb honey is liberal, and more
than equals the demand.

We look for a good trade on extracted from
now on, and advise letting shipments come for-
ward. We quote a-f follows: Fancy white 13 to
14c; No. I white 12 to 13c; No. 2 white 10 to iic
No. I white, extracted 6% to 7c; amber 5 to 6c;
beeswax 28 to 30c.

S. T. FISH Si. CO.,

189 South Water St.
Jan, "3, 1905. Chicago, 111.

ALBANY, N. Y — The demand for honey is im-
proving some as the season advances. We think
present prices are good to take, for from infor-
mation throughout the country, would seem to
be a larger crop than last season, although the
crop in this vtcinity is short. We have to de-
pend on outside producing sections We quote as
follows: Fancy white i6c; .N'o. i white 15 to i6c;
fancy amber 13 to 14c; No: i amber 12 to 13c;
fancy dark 12 to 13c; No. i darkii to 12c; white
extracted 7 to 7^c; amber extracted 6 to 6}4c;
dark extracted, beeswax 28 to 30c.

H. N. WRIGHT.

Wholesale Conimis.sion,
Sept. I Albany, N. Y.

FOR SALE,

at a barg^ain, small printing^ business.
Splendid chance for printer with limi-
ted capital to make good money.
Best reasons for selling.

Address quick, "O", care of Bee-
Keepers' Review, Flint, Mich.

WE WEHE AWARDED A
OH OOH BEE^KEEPHf^'S SUPPLIES

AT ST. LOUI5, 1 904.

Also at Paris Exposition, 1899, and Trans-Mississippi Exposition

at Omaha, 1900. Hig-hest awards at World's Fair, Chicago, and

Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo.

ROOT'S GOODS ARB PRIZE WINNERS AND ARB
SOI,D THB nORI,D OVBR.

«

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Assiniboia

Austria

Australia

Barbados

Belgium

Bohemia

Brazil

British Guiana

British Honduras

Cape Colonj'

Chili

China

Cuba

Dom. Republic

Egypt

England

France

Germanj'

Grenada

Hayti

Holland

Hungary

':^>i'-Si

India

Ireland

Italy

Jamaica

Japan

Manitoba

Mexico

Montserrat

Natal

Norway

Palestine

Russia

Rhodesia

Scotland

Siam

Spain

Swfden

Syria

Tasmania

Trinidad

Vaal River Col,

Venezuela

States and

In all States and Possessions of the United
Provinces of Canada.

OOH CATALiOG FOH 1905

is now on the press. If you wish a copy at once drop tis a postal.
It takes some time to print and mail to our list of 250,000 bee-keepers.

THE A, I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

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BRANCHES:

Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street
Philadelphia, Pa , 10 Vine Street
New York City, N. Y., 44 Vasey Street
Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee Street
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

BRANCHES:

St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street.
San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So Flores St.
Washington.D.C.,1 100 Maryland, av., S W
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.
Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water L,ane

February, 1905.

At Flint, Michigan — $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBWSHBD M0NTHI,Y
W. 2. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 205

Terms— $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed-
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Feb. 15, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) (f i.oo) |i 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100^ 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) ■•i.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .5°) i-40

Rural Bee-Keeper ( .50) i-35

Western Bee Journal ( i-oo) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( 1.00I 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 120

Rural New Yorker ( 1.00) 1.85

The Century ( 400) 450

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ( i 00) 1.75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 400) 4-1°

Harper's Weekly ( 4-Oo) 4-20

Youths' Companion (new) — ( 175) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( 1.00) 1.90

Success ( I.oo) 1.75

National Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $1.00.

vSend dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. 111.

Vice President
Geo. W. Brodbeck, I<os Angeles, Calif.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen . Manager and Treasure!

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn, Ont.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKiN, I,oveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM. A, Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

I Names of Bee-Keepers i

a tyre: \a/r it-ten m

m m

BEieiEiEiEJBEIBBElEiBEIElBBEiBaEiBElEiliBl

The namesof my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ.
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates).
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at f 2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now havea type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00 A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark. ... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 378
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn . . 162
Dak..
Del..
Fla...
Ga...
Ind..

Ills.... 1375
Iowa . . 800

25
18
100
90
744

Ky

Kans..

I,a

Mo

Minn . .
Mich. . .
Maes...

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y...
Neb....
N. J....
N. H. .

182

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

•345

130

158

130C

912

46

40

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon.. 109
Ohio...
Penn.. .
R. I....

S. C

Tenn 176

Tex 270

Utah 68

Vt 205

Va 182

W. Va....i78

Wash 122

Wis 620

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

We want the readers of

The Review

to read our Journal. It has
just entered its second year,
with a list of 3,000 subscrib-
ers— think of it — Have you
ever heard of a Bee Journal
with such a record? Now,
for a good year's work.
Won't you help?

Send $1.00 for a year's
sabsGPiptioD.

THE WESTERN BEE JOURjiflli

p. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor,

KINGSBURY, CALIFORNIA

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Palcoijcr A\fg. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

8i^°Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

J^o Fish^Sone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound vdll fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

j, vaj^ deusen,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

STANDARD

Poultry ^NpBee=SuppHes

a

The best of everything for
the Poultry and Bee-Keeper.
We lead; others follow.

Freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest.

Our 60-page, illustrated
catalog will be out about Feb.
1. Send for it.

a

GRIGGS BROS.,

521 Griggs Block,
2-05-6t TOLEDO, OHIO.

34

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

m

m
m
m

m
m
m
m

$4.00 PER THOUSAND.

No. 1 Bee Way of Scalloped Sections, 4'4^x4XxlJ^ for No.
1 bee hive. For a limited time, nt per thousand, $4.00.

Send for prices on other lines of goods. We save you
money.

Power BIdg.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

■ym

it

m

■ym
■xm

m

sag

5K«

The Wood Bee Hive
and Box Co.,

Lansing, - Michigan

gives six per cent,
discount until Jan. i,
on the best Dove-
tailed Hive made.
Circular ready to
mail — you need it.
200 secon d-h and

hives for sale cheap.
12-04-tf

YELLOWZONES

10,000 Plants for 1 6c

Jlore gardens and farms are planted to_
Salzer's Seeds than any other in
America. 'I'liere is reason lor this.
W e own and operate over 5000 acres for
the production of oirr warranted seeds.
I'liat you may try them, we nialie you
'^ the follownig remarkable otter:

Fof IB Cents Postpaid

1000 Fine Solid Cabba^rr,
1000 Rare Luscious Radishes,
2000 Ricli Butter} Lettuce,
lUOO Splendid Onions,
20110 Juicy Tender Turnips,
2000 Nutty Tender Celery,
1000 flloriously Beautiful Flowers.
Above seven packages contain suffi-
cient seed to grow 10,000 plants, fur-
nishing bushels of brilliant flowers
and lots and lots of choice vegeta-
liles, together with our great cata-
log telling all about Flowers,
Kuses, Small Fruits, etc., all for
ICc in stamps and this notice.
Big 140-iiage catalog alone, 4c.
JOHN A, SALZER SEED CO.,
La Crosse, Wis.

The Bee and Honey Co.

Wishes to sell j'ou all of the
bees and queens that you may
need the coming- season.

Catalog' describing the six
different races of bees that we
breed, sent free. Get our
prices before buying.

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,
2-05-tf Beeville, Tex.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

35

Pecos Valley

Of NcNv Mexico

Ideal conditions in every respect.
Abundance of water for irrigation.
A perfect climate. Bounteous crops —
Alfalfa, garden truck, fruits, such as
can not be raised elsewhere.
Good markets — quick profits.

A Country of Happy Homes

Write for particulars.

GENERAL PASSENGER OFFICE

The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. System

Railway Exchange, Chicago

FOR SALE — At the following-
prices, is taken before March 10: 57
new, one-story 8-frame hives, complete,
in flat, Root's make, for $50.00, or five
for $5.00. Also five 8-frame supers, in
flat, complete, for $2.00. They are the
section holder arrang^ement, for 4^ x
434^ xl% sections. Speak quick.

R. S. CHAPIN,
2-05-lt Marion, Ohio.

Italian Queens*

Either Golden or Honey Queens.

Our Goldens will come up to any other Golden
Strain, Our Honey Queens, are what some term
"Red Clover Queens " We always call them

Honey Queens

Before July i. i

Untested ' $1.00

Warranted Tested 1.25

Tested i 50

Select Tested 2.00

Breeders from $5 up. i

2-framed nucleus (noqueen)$ 2 50 ^.^..
We book orders now for next season
filled in Rotation.

D.J. BLOCHER,
2-05-tf Pearl City, 111.

6
$ 5-00
7.00

6
$14.00

$ 9.00

I'^.OO

$27.00
Orders

—If yon are going to —

BtlY A BlJZZ-SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

{ROOT'S BEE-SDPPliIES

AT

{ROOT'S PRICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DBUBL, Kendall. Mich

Comb and Extracted

Honey Ullanted.

State kind and quality, how put
up, and lowest price.

CHARLES KOEPPEN,
6-o4-9t. Fredericksburg,

36

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

A Solid Foundation

MEANS

A Solid House.

Dadant's Foundation

MEANS

SOItiD, STHfllGHT, OlElili-BUlliT COffiBS.

110,000 pounds used by
Bee=Keepers in 1904.

Satisfaction Guaranteed

Bee-Keepers^ supplies of all kinds. Beeswax wanted at all times.
L. C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich,,
Agents for Michigan.
Send for our DADANT & SONS,

1905 Catalog.

Hamilton, Illinois*

Rlfi ni^rnilNT^ on Bee SuppHes, Berry Boxes
UlU UlOV^WUll 1 O and Crates now while we can
serve you promptly. Address

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO., Formerly

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Send for

1905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M, H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich.

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

p

w

CQ

<5
'S.

o

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z, BDTCHINSON. Editor and Proprietoi.

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, FEB. 15, 1905. NO. 2.

Ime

iTm®

iTT 'W^Ti

BY E. W. ALEXANDER.

yRIEND HUTCHINSON, Therewith
-C^ send you a report of our honey
crop for 1904; also a photo, of our
apiary. On account of the ground
sloping to the south and east, we could
get a view of only about 400 colonies,
or a little over one-half of the yard.
The small building in the center is the
extracting house with the pipe that
conveys the honey to large tanks in the
store-house,

A LARGE YIELD FROM A LARGE APIARY,

WITH AN ORDINARY SP:AS0N IN AN

ORDINARY LOCATION.

Somepeople seem to think we have an
exceptionally good location, but I as-
sure you that is not the case. We have
kept bees in this place 19 years, and,
during that time, have been able to get
a surplus of light honey in only four
seasons; but we usually have a good
harvest of dark honey from buckwheat
in August. This season we got a nice
harvest of light honey from clover,
with some from basswood, but, on ac-

count of cool, cloudy and wet weather,
our buckwheat harvest was one of the
poorest we have ever had. I think
Coggshall speaks of it as only half a
crop. I call attention to our honey
resources, and the season, to let the
readers of the Review know what bear-
ing they have on the subject of over
stocking. Our bees came through the
winter and spring in rather poor con-
dition. We had only 600 colonies, all
told, on May 1st. These we kept in
one yard at home, and increased, by
dividing, during May, to 725 colonies.
Since weighing our honey we find we
have a surplus of 141 ^ pounds per col-
ony, spring count, or a total of a little
over 70.600 p ninds of extracted honey.
We also had 80 sections filled with
comb honey tor our own use; then we
had 3,690 sheets of foundation drawn
out into nice extracting combs, made
some 160 pounds of wax from cappings
and reared over 600 choice queens.
Now, as this is only an ordinary loca-
tion, and has been only an avetage

38

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

season, how can any sane man say
that I am so decidedly in the wrong on
this subject of over-stocking-, as some
people try to make out?

In the November Review you ask for
those who have kept bees in large num-
bers, and from my experience, I will
endeavor to answer some of your ques-
tions.

NUMBER OF COLONIES THAT WILL JUS-
TIFY THE STARTING OF AN OUT-
APIARY .

First comes the subject of overstock-
ing, which every man must settle for
himself; although I have never had a
location, nor seen one, that would not
furnish a good surplus of honey for
far more bees than it contained ; and
I have kept, since a boy, seyeral hun-
dred colonies.

HAVE APIARIES WIDELY SCATTERED.

If I were establishing out-apiaries
again, I should place them so far
apart that, frequently, one yard might
receive a local shower that missed the
other yards. A yard of bees that gets
a good shower at the right time, often
gives a nice surplus for many days
after. If I could have the apiaries
located exactly as I wished, I would
have them scattered, about 10 miles
apart, along the line of a railroad run-
ning north and south. In this section,
our showers all come from the west and
travel east; they are about five to ten
miles wide, and usually about 50 to 70
miles long. By this management we
might often have some of our yards in
a good basswood or buckwheat location
which we might not have at home.

In selecting a location, be sure to
have it where there is a good natural
wind-break on the west and north
sides; high hills or heavy woods,
something that will furnish a sheltered
place of several acres. Try to have
plenty of water near by, as bees re-
quire far more water than many real-
ize. I should want the ground to
slope a little to the south or east, and

then, above all thins^s, be sure you
have some one or more honey produc-
ing flowers in abinidance for 30 days
or more. When you have found these
necessary requirements, stock your
yards with the best honey gathering
strains of Italian bees that inojiey can
buy; and don't be afraid oi overstock-
ing your location. Try to buy the
land, one or two acres, where you want
your apiary. If you can't buy it, hire
it for a long term of years; and pay a
good rent so that the owner will be
well-satisfied.

In regard to hives, I have found it
cheapest in the end to get all my hives
in the flat from a factory where they
do good work.

I should make all increase artifi-
cially, and try hard to prevent natural
swarming. There are many good
ways of making increase, and some
day I may give you my way, which I
consider the best of any. We have
devoted all our bees, for about 20
years, to the production of extracted
honey. If short of help, I would
return to comb honey. Each kind
has some advantages over the other.

In regard to buildings there should
be a good building at each yard, to-
gether with all the necessai-y tools,
even to a wash basin and towels.

As to help, I always want the best
that I can possibly get. Pay them
good wages, and don't forget to
always treat them as you would like
to be treated.

In this northern climate I should
want a good cellar at each yard to put
the bees in during the winter. If pos-
sible I would have it near the summer
stands, so that the bees can be carried
by hand to their summer quarters.

I know of no more obstacles to over-
come in caring for 1,00(1 colonies than
in caring for 100.

THINGS I HAVE LEARNED IN STARTING
OUT-APIARIES.

First, I now know that bees can
work to good advantage four or five

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

39

miles from home. I used to think a
mile and a half, or two miles, as
far as they ever went. Next, I now
know that in an ordinarily g-ood loca-
tion, bees do not visit one flower in ten
that are within their reach. I have
also learned that it makes no differ-
ence whatever how much bloom there
is, if the weather is unfavorable for the
secretion of nectar, then bees will get
little or nothing. This I have seen
proven many, many times. One year I
came within 24 hours of losing nearly
all the colonies in several out-yards
from starvation, in June, when the
meadows were white with clover;
simply because, for nearly two weeks,
the flowers secreted no nectar. Two
years ago, when thousands of acres of
buckwheat, at this place, was in full
bloom, for 12 days, it secreted no
nectar, and I lost many hives full of
brood by starvation.

I also now know that I would rather
take care of 700 or 800 colonies in one
yard, at home, than to care for 300
colonies, divided into two yards, six
miles from home, and in opposite
directions.

Still another thing I now know, that
I can get just as much surplus honey,
per colony, from 700 colonies in one
j'ard as I ever got from the same num-
ber when kept in five yards, four or
five miles apart.

These are a few of the many things
I have learned, by dear experience,
that I did not know when I was keep-
ing most of my bees in out-apiaries.

THE LARGE APIARIES THAT ARE KEPT
IN EUROPE.

Now, as some of you may think I
stand alone on the subject of over-
stocking, I will quote some things
Prof. F'rank Benton told me last sum-
mer while visiting our place.

When he was travelling in different
parts of Europe he found much larger
apiaries than we have in the United

States. Especially so in Carniola.
There the bee-keepers from the moun-
tains take the bees down into the val-
leys, put them on the cars, making up
long trains loaded with bees, and have
them taken to places where the farm-
ers raise buckwheat. There they i-ent
a plot of ground to set their hives on,
paying a small amount per colony,
and the Professor told me it was no
unusual thing to see three and four
thousand colonies, inside of a mile,
along these railroads, and that, too,
for many miles in one continuous line.
I asked him if they got much honey.
He said whe7i the weather was right, so
the bee-keepers told him, they got five
to six pounds per colony, per day, and
they never thought the location over-
stocked.

There, my friends that comes from as
good authority on this subject, as there
is in the world. I will also quote a
part of what Prof. Benton says on
page 56 of Bulletin No. 1, New series,
revised addition. Division of Entomol-
ogy. He says: "The danger of over-
stocking is largely imaginary; yet, in
establishing a large apiary, it is, of
course, essential to look to the natural
resources of the location, and, espe-
cially, to decide only upon a place
where two or three of the leading
honey producing plants are present in
great numbers." I think the above
covers the whole subject completely in
a few words.

In conclusion, I will say, I don't ex-
pect you all to think as I do; for, had
I been asked these questions 25 years
ago, I should have answered most of
them very differently from what I have
today. Many of you will have to go
through that same dear school of ex-
perience, the same as I did; but I do
hope you will find something in what I
have written on the subject of bee-
keeping that will help you on to suc-
cess.

Delanson, N. Y. Jan. 6, 1905.

40

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

BY L. G. ROOT.

(S'OME of the older readers of the
^ Review will certainly remember
Mr. L. C. Root, a son-in-law of the
late Moses Quinby. Mr. Root was for
many years a specialist, and has been
President of the National Association.
He also revised Mr. Quinby's book
•'The Mysteries of Bee-Keeping. " In
order that his daughters might have
better educational advantages, he gave
up bee-keeping, and went to live in the
city. Since then the bee-keeping world
has heard from him only too little.
When he wrote me a letter and told me
how he was succeeding, in a small
way, with bees in the loft of his barn,
I asked and obtained permission to
publish his letter, which is decidedly
interesting. It reads as follows: — Ed.
Review.

Mr. Dear Mr. Hutchinson — Yes, it is
good to keep in touch with the bee-
keeping friends. While I am able to
keep bees only in a very small way, I
am much interested, and I cling to old
associations with deep feeling. When
I came to the city to live with my
daughters, I sold all of my bees, but,
three years ago, I took a swarm from
an attic in town, and for the want of
a better place, I put it in the loft of
our barn. Two years ago I increased
to two, and took 100 pounds of comb
honey. I soon began to see there were
many advantages in the indoor man-
agement of bees. The two colonies
wintei-ed so well that, a year ago this
spring, they both swarmed in April,
and I increased the two to eight, last
season, and took 50 pounds of comb
honey. Last fall I had four more
swarms given me. They had only
partly enough honey for winter. One
of them had none. In spite of the

severe winter they took feed from the
feeder, and three of them wintered ex-
tremely well. One being queenless,
it had to be built up this spring. I am
now sellimg nine stocks, as I cannot
handle the number I now have, for
want of room.

ARRANGEMENT OF HIVES.

The colonies are arranged on the
south and east side of the barn. I
prefer to have the front of the hive a
little back from the side of the barn,
with a passage to the outside, as the
bees are less afifected by cold air that
comes in through the entrance. The
temperature would vary all the way
from below freezing to ordinary win-
ter weather. Our horses were kept in
the stable below, and, for washing
wagons and caring for the horses, a
coal fire was kept in the barn; amount
of fire varying with the weather.

HOUSE-APIARY MAY BE WARMED IN
WINTER AND COOLED IN SUMMER.

Some of the advantages of this indoor
manipulation of bees are that they
can be handled with much less liability
of robbing, and feeding can be resorted
to at any time without exposure. By
using a frame covered with wire cloth,
for a honey board, and having proper
ventilation in the bottom board, I could
have full sheets of foundation drawn
out without their sagging, and that
too, without using wires in the frames.
The wires are, to me, an objection.
In hot days when bees are inclined to
cluster idly on the hives, I found that,
with this ventilation, they would con-
tinue to work.

In the hottest weather I often cooled
the room by spraying with cold water.
In short, the advantage is that such a

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

41

room can be kept warm in cold weath-
er and cool in warm weather. Then
I am coming- to the conclusion that
many colonies of bees become restless
in the dark, and leave their hives when
they would not if located with the
entrance continually open to the light.
My practice of keeping- a supply of
feed to continue breeding when the
natural flow of honey was not suffi-
cient, has proved a marked success. I

^^^^^^'T^^

have used a feed composed of honey,
g-ranulated sugar, and rye flour, using
it during- early spring with g-ood
results. I am more inclined to believe
that the house- apiary will yet come to
stay.

I would like to be located where I
could build such a one as I have in
mind.

Stamford, Conn., June 3. 1904.

f^^^^^'q;^<r^

nmteFini

e-^^piar^c

BY S. A. NIVER.

yRIEND HUTCHINSON:— The Re-
-i-"" • view for December is here, and I
feel just like yanking a bit of chin
music over it, for it hits me on a tender
spot. The first article I ever "spieled"
for a bee journal, was an illustrated
description of my own "North Star"
house-apiary. It appeared in the
"American Bee Journal," and was a
case of "blasted hopes" — for I lost 90
per cent, of my bees trying- to winter

them in the d d thing. They were

packed warm and snug, too, in a Jboi
thick of planer shavings. Coggshall
bought half of it, moved it to an out-
yard for a honey house (it was a
"knock-down" affair), but did not get
it there in time to erect it that fall, so
piled it up in a corner of the yard; and
he always declared that it killed 50
per cent, of his bees — piled up there in
the corner ! The "harp struck by
lightning!" Why??? Don't you see,
a harp struck by lightning is a blasted
lyre— Eh ?

Loucks has, obviously, hit upon ways
to overcome some, if not most, of the
objections; the two most serious of
which are loss of queens in mating.

and of bees in wintering-. You were
not at the Minneapolis convention, as
you expected to be, hence you missed a
point brought out there along this same
line. That is, a member reported
perfect wintering in a bee cellar in the
bottom of which was a living- spring of
water, from which flowed a good sized
stream. A stream of water to equalize
temperature — and — carrj' ofi^ the car-
bonic acid gas (?) (this con-
founded pen is running away again.)
It looks as if that would solve the
wintering problem for house-apiaries.

COLONIES BECOME QUEENLESS FROM AN

EXASPERATING LOT OF CAUSES IN

A HOUSE-APIARY.

I see he gives up trying to mate
queens in the house-apiary, and
rears queens at home; preventing
swarming by his system of manipula-
tion. Guess that's right, too, but
queens disappear in a house- apiary
from other causes; notably, strange
bees mistaking entrances when so close
together. You may paint the thing
until it is a regular zebra — nail patches
of brush, rags, or any old thing, over,

42

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

or under, or "forninst" entrances; and
your yellow Italians will be found
three or four doors "beyant" with your
pet Carniolans. They will "drift" —
and that is bad, many times, for
queens.

If you have files of the American Bee
Journal, of about 10 years ago, j^ou
can see one kink — that we liked very

much. Where the upper tier of hives
sat, the building- was wider', projected
the width of the shelf.

Loucks will bump his head when he
works the lower hives — mine worked
just slick. I endorse every word on
the good points he brings out.

DuLUTH, Minn., Dec. 19, 1904.

^arp.©

BY GEO. A. HUMMER.

SS conditions in the South are so
much different from those in the
North and East, I am afraid my experi-
ence in keeping bees in large numbers
will not be of much benefit to a large
majority of your readers. On my
place I have 400 acres of sweet clover
from which I pasture 150 head of stock,
get some hay, and keep 450 stands of
bees in the home-yard.

Cottonwood, plum and red bud come
first; then in April or May, we usually
have some honey dew. In June and
July comes our main flow, from sweet
clover, which usually lasts six weeks.
Then comes cotton, followed by Span-
ish needle and goldenrod. We find,
that sweet clover sown on our sod
makes the best kind of grazing, as well
as hay, besides being our best honey
plant. I also lease 400 acres adjoin-
ing my place, and keep 250 stands
there in one yard.

In this locality some one must be in
the yard from April 1st to Sept. I5th;
and, unless I can get the best of help,
I would rather give the owner of the
land an interest in the apiary.

Unless I lived near a planing mill I
would buy mj^ hives of the manufac-
turer, as I have yet to find a carpenter
that will make a hive accurately. I

have bought bees in home-made hives.
Some had no bee-space, some had
several, and after one year's use they
went to the kindling pile.

I would have a tent and a set of tools
at each yard. Our working season is
so long that we get all the increase we
want by natural swarming. About
one-third of the colonies will swarm
before Sept. 1st, but there are very
few swarms in the honey flow.

I started ten years ago to produce ex-
tracted honey, but I finally decided
that I could secure nearly as much
comb as extracted. Why is this ? My
idea is that the bees can secrete wax
very rapidly in our warm climate, and,
the season being so long, they secrete
about enough wax for building the
comb for comb honey.

I use plain sections and fences, and
put on supers as needed until they are
three-high. This gives plenty of room
and discourages swarming. During
sweet clover bloom, I can use supers
three-high with no danger of travel-
stain. All bees are wintered on the
summer stands without loss.

Take plenty of time in finding the
best location possible. I consider this
the most important of all. Then be
sure to have everything ready long be-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

43

fore the honey flow; hives made up and
painted, shipping cases and crates
nailed up and supers filled; be sure to
ha.\e plenty of supplies on hand in time
for the seasons use.

Clip all queens and keep none over
two years. Keep track of the best
ones, and g^et the best stock possible.
Give all your time to the bees. Do

not try to work in the field, and keep
bees on a large scale. Dairying or
poultry-raising, or, perhaps fruit
growing on a small scale, may go
with it. I give my bees all of my
time; and m3' ten years' average has
been nearly 100 pounds of comb
honey, per colony, spring count.

Brazelia, Miss., No. 14, 1004.

^^^^■^^'^^^'''^Wf'^^^^'^S^^^

)^y^^^siiiiEiii

)iFe©oi]

le S^^arminiM Instind

BY L. M. GULDEN.

^^Hl?2 remark has recently been made
-^ by a prominent apicultural writer,
in one of our leading bee journals,
that our new acquisition, "shook
swarming," is, in reality, a retrograde
movement. The claim is made that it
has been the constant aim of our
apiarists to stamp out the swarming
propensity, as much and as soon as
possible, by selecting, for breeding,
those queens the bees of which are
least given to swarming, and that
"shook swarming," is in direct oppo-
sition to this aim, from the fact that
by its practice, colonies are swarmed
artificially, thus the swarming instinct,
or inclination of the individual colonies
is lost sight of.

When any really difficult work is to
be acomplished, it is the practice to
supply some temporary means of over-
coming obstacles which hinder, until
the main work has been perfected; the
temporary provisions are then dis-
carded. This is practically the posi-
tion which "shook swarming " now
holds in the work of suppressing the
swarming instinct.

There is no doubt that the suppres-
sion of swarming is the great problem
before the bee-keeping world. It is

apparent to every practical apiarist.
When he works in a yard or several
yards, and compares the work of the
individual colonies which have not
swarmed with that of those given to
swarming, the truth of the above asser-
tion is brought very forcibly to his
mental recognition. Our large yields,
comparatively, come from the colonies
least given to swarming. Indeed, ex-
cessive warming, with its consequent
insufficient stores, and resultant winter
losses, has turned many a prospective
bee-keeper from his "bee line," to
wing his course over fields less hazard-
ous, and where he is more certain of
obtaining a fair remuneration for his
toil. Excessive swarming is worse
than moderate swarming, in degree
only. Swarming may denote prosper-
ity, but prosperity does not necessarily
follow swarming; indeed, the opposite
is often true.

When shook swarms are made in a
wholesale way, irrespective of a cer-
tain knowledge that the colonies will
swarm, normally, within a natural
lapse of time, it is certainly detri-
mental to the permanent suppression of
the swarming propensity. However,
little, we think, is to be feared in this

44

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

direction; as sucli a course is sure to
end disastriously, except in extremely
favorable localities, and the practice
is sure to be abandoned sooner or later.

SHOOK-SWARMING NO HINDRENCE TO
BREEDING OUT THE SWARMING
INSTINCT.

The swarming instinct can as well
be bred out where shook-swarming- is
being practiced as where it is not.
Shook-swarming is, in reality, noth-
ing more nor less than anticipating
nature, and has practically no influence
on the swarming itself.

ADVANTAGES OF SHOOK-SWARMING.

Whereas, we used to sit on a box,
and wonder when dame nature would
see fit to send a swarm tumbling from
the entrance of some hive (and when
the swarm came, not improbably it
was from some hive which we had no
idea would cast a swarm that soon),
now we simply pull oft" the covers of
the hives, one by one, make an examin-
ation of the brood nests, and then note
down, within a day of the time, when
swarms will issue normally, from cer-
tion hives. Those colonies that have
made no provisions for swarming, may
be counted on for staying at home at
least another eight days. Those col-
onies which show no desire to swarm
throughout the season, might better be
let alone, as they are the ones which
give us the hundreds of pounds of sur-
plus— the exceptional yields.

We can tell as well in "shook-swarm-
ing" which queens to breed from as
in natural swarming. We may as well
select the best yielders, and, if those
colonies should have been shaken, it is
known that they would have swarmed,
naturally, anyhow, and we can lay
our plans accordingly.

THE SWARMING INSTINCT SIMILAR TO
BROODINESS IN FOWLS.

Let US not despair of ultimately per-
fecting a strain of bees which will be
practically non-swarmers. That end

will certainly be accomplished some
day by diligent and persistent eEfort at
selection in breeding. We know that
the primary instinct of broodiness in
fowls has been practically eradicated,
and we know that the swarming in-
stinct can be eradicated. Although
one is a fowl, and the other an insect,
their mode of reproduction is the same,
and broodiness in the one is identical
with swarming in the other.

Probably but little progress has been
made by apiarists toward the wanted
goal, yet we have been giving careful
attention to that phase of bee-keeping
for only a comparatively short time.
It will require years to fully accom-
plish the end sought. By practicing in
and in breeding as much as possible,
much greater progress could be made
than by infusing new blood; unless
that new blood is from strains which
are being bred along the same lines,
and equally disinclined to swarm.
Were it practicable to use the wonder-
ful productive power of the bee to its
fullest extent, much greater progress
could be made; but we are practically
limited to one change of queens per
year, as we are unable to judge as to
which colonies are the least inclined to
swarm until after the main swarming
season; and that usually comes
only once a year. Yet this ought to be
enough for considerable progress.

THE FOLLY OF NOT ATTEMPTING TO
CHANGE THE INSTINCT OF BEES BE-
CAUSE IT IS "against nature"

— OR god's will.

The thought that the Divine archi-
tect has so willed it that bees should
swarm, as one writer so persistently
deigns to remark, should haive no in-
fluence upon us who are endeavoring to
eradicate swarming. To entertain
such a thought would be suicidal to
our purpose, and diametrically opposed
to all advancement; not onl3' in our
line but in all others. Let it be rele-
gated to the dark ages.

OSAKiS, Minn., Oct. 6, 1904.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

45

5

^Itod

r ^*^^^^* **^X ^^¥* ■ *^^*^rf^ «A*^M^^^* * ■* ^M^*^ * *^^^^^^ **J^^*^''* ^^'^^^^J'^ ■^i'^ "^J^^*^*^ "^J*^^^*^ *^^*^^^* ^^^^rf'J*^ ^^*^*^^i^

The Reason most men don't accom-
plish more is because they don't attempt

*^rf^**ir»*«jr^

The Greatest thing- any man ever did
is to "wake up" and do something", be
something-.

*^rf^«^ir«^^it»

Gleanings has inaug-urated a South-
ern department to be conducted by
Louis H. Scholl, who has had practi-
cal experience both with the smoker
and the pencil.

r^«^^««^^^it«

P. P. Clare, Woodburn, Ills., is in
need of the Feb. and June issues of
the Review, for 1904, to complete his
tile. Any one having- either of those
issues, tog-ether with a willingness to
spare it, will please write to Mr.
Clare, or send the copy of the Review.

•H^*)t»fc»>lFi»

Dr. Miller is still objecting- to the use
of the term "shook-swarms. " He
would say "shaken-swarms." He is a
better g-rammarian than I am, and may
be correct, but here is the way it looks
to me: This is a case of using- a verb
as an adjective, and it seems to me as
thoug-h it would be allowable to use
that tense of the verb which is the most
euphonious.

^m^XM^rfm^^rf^

"Give me the man who can hold on
when others let go; who pushes ahead
when others turn back; who stiffens up
when others weaken; who advances
when others retreat; who knows no
such word as 'can't' or 'give up;' and
I will show you a man who will win
in the end, no matter what opposes
him, no matter what obstacles con-
front him." — Orison Swett Mardeti, in
Success.

Three Editors (Gleanings, American
Bee Journal and Review) expect to be
present at the coming Michigan con-
vention at Grand Rapids.

ll«i^1i^^*«Hrf^

Circulars from a sugar-house in Cali-
fornia have been sent to me by several
subscribers. These circulars do con-
tain testimonials from bee-keepers
who have used sugar for feeding their
bees in dry seasons. This explains
how one man testified to the benefit of
feeding the sugar "the entire season."
It was to keep his bees from starving.

^•k^^t*^*^*^*.

"Baby Nuclei," is the title of a very
neat little pamphlet gotten out by
"Swarthmore," of Swarthmore, Penn.
It is exceedingly well-written, and
shows up, more clearly than anything
that has been written, the possibilities
of modern queen rearing by the use of
the small, or "baby" nuclei. If you
are interested, write for a copy to E.
L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Penn.

ir«jr^<'^»^ i 11^

"Bee Pranks" is the name of a very
attractive, readable little booklet got-
ten out by the G. B. Lewis Co., of
Watertown, Wis. In this has been
gathered together fac simile accounts
taken from newspapers and trade-
journals. All the swarming scrapes,
the stinging rampages, the laughable
incidents, the queer "pranks" about
bees that have been published in a
long time have been gathered together
in this book. The picture on the front
cover is — well, it's a "dandy." The
price of the book is ten cents, but it
will be sent free to any one who will
send the Lewis Company the names
and addresses of five bee-keepers.

46

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Lawsuits of an apicultural character,
or, rather the expenses incurred there-
in by members of the National Asso-
ciation, will not in the future be borne
wholly by the Association — one-half
the expense is all that will be paid by
the Association. This is a step in the
direction of cutting- down the expense
in petty litigation arising- from neig-h-
borhood quarrels.

^n^n.^M^n^m^^

A Flying Machine, something that
could, with the power in itself, rise
from the earth, propel itself, and be
steered up, down, and sidewise, is
something that I have always believed
would yet be invented; and it seems
that two Ohio young men have been
successful; a description of their suc-
cess and the machine appearing in
Gleanings for Jan. 1st and 15th. Of
course, this is now nothing more than
a scientific toy, so to speak, and not of
any practical use, but many things of
wonderful utility have had their be-
ginnings in a less encouraging manner.
Say, wouldn't a flying machine be just
the thing for use in visiting out-apiar-
ies ?

Foretelling when there will be crop of
white clover is explained at length in
Gleanings by Mr. Virgil Weaver, of
Washington, Iowa. It all depends
upon the rain fall, whether the young
plants are nourished, or whether they
are killed by the drouth. Mr. Weaver
says the winter has nothing to do with
it. Nomatter whatthe winter weather,
the plants will be there in the spring
ready to do business, if they were there
in the fall. All this may be true, but
there is still another important factor,
and that is the kind of weather we
have when white clover is in bloom.
Bloom does not always furnish nectar.
I have seen the fields in June so white
with clover-bloom as to remind one of
a light snow storm that had just
passed, yet the bees were actually
starving.

Mr. Stachelhausen calls my attention
to two errors in his article of last
month. He has used divisible-brood-
chamber hives for 25 years, instead of
15 as given in the article. On page 9,
line 20, second column, 500 pounds of
surpkis ought to read 5,000 pounds.

<^«-«^«jr«^«M»

Advertisers cannot exercise too great
care in the preparation of their ads.
As a rule, an advertisement ought to
be changed each issue, and some
thought given to its preparation. Al-
though Dr. W. B, House, the Yellow
Zone man, has a whole page, he
changes it each issue, writing the ad-
vertising himself, and putting into it
that peculiar personality, directness,
candor and honesty that are so con-
vincing. If I did not have his reme-
dies in the house, his advertising
would make me feel as though I ought
to have them, and that is a good test
of advertising.

•<^«XrfHrf«

Candied Honey, cut up into "bricks"
of one pound each, wrapped in paraf-
fined paper, then in a stronger paper,
and, over all a fine white paper printed
in gilt as daintilj' as that found on a
box of bbn bons, is being put up and
sold by the A. I. Root Co. The
wrappers are appropriately printed
with an explanation in regard to the
cand3'ing of honey, instructions how to
liquefy the honey, etc. Ernest Root
has sent me a sample, and he writes
that the grocerymen who are handling
them find that they outsell everything
in the line of honey; comb honey, that
in bottles, or anything else. I think
the daintiness with which the package
is put up has much to do with its sale.
If you have some candied honey, and
are interested in selling- it in this waj',
better send 30 cts. to the A. I. Root
Co. and ask to have a package of this
honej' sent to you by mail. Remember
that 20 cents of this money will be
needed to pay the postage.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

47

Encouraging Farmers to keep bees is
something tliat bee-keepers should look
at from both sides. Here is one side
to which my friend Harry Lathrop
calls attention. He says: "In view of
some of the thing's that came up at the
St. Louis convention, I would like to
ask a question or two through the Re-
view. I am selling quite a lot of my
extracted honey, crop of 1904, to well-
to-do farmers in this vicinity; and I
would like to ask if I would not be
foolish to try and persuade each of
these farmers to engage in bee-keeping
so as to produce what honey he
needed ? What object can I have in
supporting a journal having for its
object the depriving me of these cus-
tomers ? Besides, these farmers are
mostly in the live stock business, quite
heavy feeders, and I hold they would
be money out if they began dabbling
in bees. When they want honey they
can buy it of me at about one-third
the price of creamery butter."

wm^^^ii***^*

The Michigan State Convention.

The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual con-
vention Feb. 23rd and 24th, at the
Eagle Hotel in Grand Rapids. The
Michigan dairymen will hold their
convention at the same time and place,
and the bee-keepers can take advan-
tage of the reduced rates given the
dairymen. When buj-ing your ticket
ask for a certificate on account of the
meeting of the State dairymen's meet-
ing. The Secretary of the dairymen's
association will sign this certificate,
which will enable the holder to buy a
return ticket at one-third fare. This is
done with the knowledge and consent
of the railroads. Several associotions
often meet in this way, and the Secre-
tary of one association signs all of the
certificates. The Eagle Hotel is located
at 65 Market St., corner of Louis
street. It will give a rate of $1.50 a
day, and furnish a room free for hold-

ing the convention. Grand Rapids is
located in a good honey producing dis-
trict, easily accessible from the north-
ern, southern and middle parts of the
State, and a large crowd ought to be
present. The editor of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal and of Gleanings
have promised to come if it is pos-
sible. Editor of Review will be there.

*«u»«^jr^^Rir*

100,000 Copies of Root's A B C of
Bee Culture have been published.
There are few books that have attained
such a circulation as this, and none
that have even approached it in the
apicultural field. It is phenomenal.
There are several reasons for this, but
one most important factor is the up-to-
dateness of the book. The type for the
entire book is kept standing, and the
large sales allow of frequent editions;
and this, in turn, allows frequent re-
vision. There is probably not a year
passes that does not witness a com-
plete revision. For instance, in this
latest edition, I notice several things
that were brought out in the Review in
the last year. Then there is another
point. The keeping of the matter in
type allows of the printing of new
editions with no expense for composi-
tion, except that necessary for the
revision. This saving of expense,
coupled with the advertising facilities
of the publishers, allows the selling of
the book away below the usual price.
It is really a $2.00 book, but sells for
only $1.20 postage paid. Address the
A. I Root Co., Medina, Onio.

Prizes on Honey at the Coming Michigan
Convention.

As an encouragement to attend the
coming State convention of bee-keepers
at Grand Rapids, and, at the same
time, furnish some valuable object-
lessons to some of the members, the
following prizes have been offered:

For the best ten pounds of comb-
honey, quality and manner of putting
up for market to be considered, A. G.

48

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Woodman, of Grand Rapids, repre-
senting theG. B. Lewis Co., of Water-
town, Wis., will g-ive $3.00 worth of
supplies; for the second best lot, a
Bingham, brass, smoke engine worth
$1,75. Mr. Woodman also offers simi-
lar prizes for the best ten pounds of
extracted honey, quality and manner
of putting up for market to be con-
sidered.

. M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch,
Mich., offer $3.00 worth of supplies for
the best ten pounds of extracted honey,
quality and manner of putting up for
market to be considered, a jumbo,
Cornell, brass smoker as a second
prize, and a Bingham honey knife as a
third prize.

The A. I. Root Co. offers a complete
Danzenbaker hive, nailed and painted,
ready for use, value $3.10, for the best
ten sections of honey produced in a
Danz. hive; for the second best lot, a
copy of the ABC of Bee Culture,
worth $1.20; for the third best, one
year's subscription to Gleanings,
worth $1.00.

In addition to the above, the Bee-
Keepers' Review will give a year's
subscription to the Review, to every
man who wins any of the other prizes.

It will be seen that a bee-keeper with
a nice case of comb honey, or ten
pounds of fine extracted, might, con-
sidering the reduced rates on the rail-
road, come 100 miles and receive prizes
enough to pay all of his expenses.
Come and bring your honey. If you
don't bring it you may be chagrined to
see a poorer lot than yours take first
prize.

It may be of interest, also, to know
that the National Biscuit Co. will make
a display of their goods that are made
with honey.

Through an oversight, Bro. York, of
the American Bee Journal, received no
invitation to contribute to the list of
prizes, and when publishing the fore-
going, he called attention to the fact
that he had received no invitation. I

at once explained the matter, and in-
vited him to contribute, when he very
courteously made the same offer as
that made by the Review, viz., a year's
subscription to every man who wins
one of the other prizes.

Tests Regarding the Purity of Beeswax.

At the Northwestern convention, Mr.
C P. Dadant gave three tests for dis-
covering adulteration of beeswax. The
first is called the heat test, and is
based on the fact that other substances
melt at different temperature than
that at which wax melts. Beeswax
melts at about 140 degrees, while
ceresin melts at a temperature several
degrees lower. Mr. Dadant's plan is
to attach a piece of beeswax of known
purity to a round (dairy) thermometer,
also a piece of wax that is suspected
of being adulterated. Both pieces
ought to be of the same size. The
thermometer and pieces of wax are
then suspended in a wide-mouth jar or
bottle, and set upon a stove. Careful
watch is then kept to see at what de-
grees the two samples melt. A varia-
tion of several degrees shows conclus-
ively that the suspected sample is
adulterated. Combs built from founda-
tion made of wax adulterated with some
substance that melts at a lower temper-
ature than beeswax will likely break
down in hot weather.

The next test mentioned by Mr. Da-
dant is the specific gravity test. Al-
cohol, which is lighter than water, is
mixed with water until a piece of bees-
wax will sink very slowly (almost re-
main standing where it is placed) then
a piece of suspected beeswax, of simi-
lar size and shape is placed in the
mixture. A very slight percentage of
paraffin will cause the wax to float,
while a large percentage will cause it
to pop up out of the mixture, as an
iceberg stands up above the sea.

The next test is called the saponifi-
cation test, and is not generally known.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

49

With concentrated lye and hot water
make a strong lye. Into this pour
melted beeswax, and stir it up, when
real soap will be formed having' a
strong, disagreeable odor. Beeswax
is an animal secretion, might even be
compared to animal fat, and will unite
with lye in making soap, the same as
will grease. Paraffin is of mineral
origin, and when added to the lye will
not unite with it, but remain upon the
top and cool in a nice, hard cake.

Mr. Dadant mentioned a very simple
test that would, at least, indicate the
presence of tallow in wax. Draw the
finger nail over the surface of the cake
in such a manner as to scratch a small
furrow. In pure wax the surface of
the furrow will show ripples or waves,
while in the tallow-wax these corruga-
tions will be absent.

By the way, Prof. Wiley, U. S.
chemist, the man who started the story
about artificial comb, now states, in the
Rural New Yorker, that the manufac-
turers of comb foundation in this
country are using paraffin to adulter-
ate their product. It is difficult to
conceive what defense can be made for
the Professor. Buying wax as they
do from so many sources, the manu-
facturers are compelled to exercise
great care, to test every shipment, and,
even then, a very slight adulteration
might pass undetected. Perhaps a
chemist might detect it; possibly the
Professor might find a trace, in some
samples of foundation, but to assert
that our manufacturers of foundation
are adulterating their product does
them a rank injustice, and creates
more prejudice in the minds of consum-
ers of honey.

«^«*«ir«j«<^*«

Hives and Supers.
A subscriber writes that he wishes to
begin bee-keeping next spring with
three or four colonies, and gradually
build them up into an apiary, making
them pay a profit as he goes along.
He is especially interested in hives and

supers, and wishes to know what kind
I would advise him to adopt. He ex-
pects to make his own hives. He
wishes the inside dimensions of a ten-
frame I^angstroth hive. The Lang-
stroth frame is 9)^ inches deep and
17^ long. There should be a ^ space
all around the frame, between that and
the hive, hence, the hive should be 9^
inches deep, and 18;^ long, inside
measurement. Usually, an inch and a
half is allowed for each frame, or
comb, hence, for ten combs, there
should be 15 inches of space. For a
bottom board I should use a plain
board, cleated at the ends to prevent
warping, with strips half an inch
thick, nailed around the upper edges
of the bottom board on the sides and
back end, to raise the hive from the
bottom board. My preference is also
for a flat cover, even if it has to be
made in pieces and covered with tin,
iron, or painted canvas. As I have
frequently explained in the Review, I
should use plain, all-wood frames. If
producing extracted honey, I should
use the same frames and hive bodies
for supers as are used for the brood
nests. If working for the production
of comb honey, I should use plain sec-
tions, and fence-separators. These can
not well be made without machinery,
and must be bought of some manufac-
turer. The beginner ought to read the
text books and journals, and will then
be able to decide many just such ques-
tions as those I have now an'iwered.

■»^»^^^-»'««jr".

The Price and Aims of the Review — Bee-

Keeping as a Business.

I believe I made mention, last month,
of my sending out circulars to those
who had received samples of the
Review, asking them why they had not
subscribed. Some of those letters are
decidedly interesting. I received one
from a bee-keeper in Ontario, and, as
it brought up several points upon
which I wished to make an explana-

50

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

tion, I asked permission to publish it.
He replied that I mig-ht publish the
letter, if I would withold his name. I
won't g'ive the entire letter, but here is
an extract.

WHY THE REVIEW IS HIGH IN PRICE.

"I would like to take the Review, as
I can see that you are doing" your very
best to secure good writers, but I don't
feel that I can afford to pay $1.00 a
year for a fnotithly.''^

I have several times explained that
the Review, having- no connection with
a supply trade, or a queen trade, or a
honey trade, must be published at
such a price that there is a profit in
the paper itself — not only a profit but a
good profit. Still further, the Review
appeals especially to the business class
of bee-keepers; it might almost be called
the specialist's journal. Class-papers,
those devoted to the interests of some
one class of people, must, from neces-
sity, be limited in circulation, and,
consequently, higher in price. Many
papers of this class help out bj' dealing-
in supplies, when the papers, to a cer-
tain extent, become circulars, adver-
tising their supply trade. Such papers
are, to a certain degree, handicapped;
their readers feeling that they may be
biased by self-interest. The Review
prefers to be independent in this re-
spect, and to have no interests to serve
except those of its readers; and, as the
price must be high, I realize that the
only hope for success is in making a
paper so thoroughly adapted to the
needs of the class for which it is de-
signed, that it will be bought regard/ess
of the price.

WHY LOW CLUBBING RATES ARE NOT
OFFERED.

Continuing, m3' Canadian friend
says: —

"I notice that you do not allow your
paper to be clubbed in any of the lists
that I have looked over, whereas,
almost every other paper, whether it is
a magazine, a political paper or an
apicultural, even including Gleanings,
is clubbed with other papers at a re-
duction that puts them within the

reach of all. I have been looking, for
the last four years, to see your paper
falling into line, in this respect, with
all the popular papers of the day."

What difference does it make whether
a man offers his journal direct, at half
price, or allows some other fellow to
do it for him? Did you ever stop to
think how this clubbing business
started ? Years ago papers began
offering low rates for clubs, the rate
varying according to the size of the
club. In those days there were no
club agents, as we now have them.
Instead, some subscriber went around
among his neighbors, presenting the
claims of his favorite paper, thus
securing subscribers that would, other-
wise, never have been secured. For
doing this work the publisher could
well-afford to pay the commissions
offered. Finally, some man saw in
this an opportunity for speculation.
He could, by advertising, secure many
subscribers, for all of the leading
papers, from all over the country. He
could thus secure enough of any one of
them to be able to send in a club that
would entitle him to the lowest club-
bing rate. He divided his commission
with his customers, in order to secure
their custom. From this sprang the
club agency business. Suppose a
journal, the Review, for instance, has
4,000 subscribers. These men have
read it until they know they can't
afford to do without it, it is invaluable
to them, they will send their dollar
for it year after year; now, what
earthly good is it to the publisher to
allow some subscription agent to offer
it for 75 cts. ? The few cents saved by
each subscriber does not cut much
figure, individually, but, collectively,
with the publisher, it makes all the
difference between success and failure.
One year ago I spent a day visiting
one of the largest club agents there
are in the country. I went there pur-
posly to talk over this matter of club-
bing the Review with other journals.
If there was any advantage in it, I

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

51

wanted to know it; and I told him
frankly why I came. After going' over
the whole matter, he advised me, most
emphaticall3', not to cut the price of
the Review. He said that the majority'
of publishers who were offering- these
low clubbing- rates would be very glad
to get out of it if they could, but having
once offered them, the}' did not dare to
withdraw them. "Now that you are
out," he said, "keep out. If j'ou want
to make clubbing offers, offer some
other journals that make low offers, in
connection with your own, but keep up
the price of the Review if you know
when you are well off. You may think
this strange advice from a clubbing
agent, but I have seen the inside work-
ings of the game. Then there is an-
other thing, the lowering of the price
of a journal, does much to lower its
standard; its publisher begins to cut
corners, and try to save here and there
and so it goes. ' '

THE "phantom" of BEE-KEEPING.

Referring once more to my friend's
letter, I quote the following: —

'"I have been keeping bees since
1897, and now have S6 colonies. Dur-
ing most of that time I have taken
Gleanings, and I am indebted to the
journal for much tliat I have learned;
and yet. Mr. Hutchinson, I sometimes
doubt if starting into bee-keeping is
the best step that a man can take.
Especially do I feel this way when I
find the old veterans still saying, after
all the advancement that has been
made, that the dependence upon this
business, as a sole means of support, is
a phantom."

My dear Brother, as I understand it,
it is not the veterans, at least, not the
veteran specialists, who complain that
bee-keeping as business cannot be de-
pended upon for support. The men
who complain are those who are trying
to run two or three other kinds of busi-
ness in connection with bee-keeping.
You hear no such complaints from
Crane, Coggshall, Elwood, Townsend,
Coverdale, Gill, Stachelhausen, Hyde,
Mercer, Mendelson, Mclntyre, and

scores of others who might be men-
tioned, men wiio have cut loose from all
hindrances, secured good locations,
stocked them with good strains of bees,
in large mimbers, and made money. I
expect that there are many men keep-
ing bees who could have done better at
something else, and the same might be
said of any profession. A man should
have a decided taste for the business, a
genuine love for it, should learn it
thoroughly, then get a good location.
Not every location is adapted to bee-
keeping as a business, and we might
as well admit this first as last. Then
there must be a good strain of bees,
and enough of them. Excuse me for
emphasizing this point over and over
again, but it seems so difficult to
arouse bee-keepers to its importance.
However, there does, occasionally,
come to me a crumb of comfort in my
efforts to show bee-keepers the advan-
tage of specialty. Here is one from
Massachusetts.

"Four years ago I was disappointed
in your paper, and told my wife that I
should order it discontinued when my
time was up. Then there came an
editorial on specialization that opened
to me a new path, and was worth to
me more than the price of the Review
for many years Now I find in every
issue something that I am glad to
know. "

Here is another from Wisconsin: —
"In my early years of bee-keeping I
didn't like the Review. It was too
deep for me, and discussed things about
which I cared very little. Noiv, I
would pay $5.00 a year for it before I
would do without it."
A subscriber in California sa3's: —
"Your paper is very fascinating to
read— indeed, I fear that you are too
optimistic, that you take too rosy a
view of things, and the beginner might
be mislead by some of the articles."

Yes, I am optimistic in regard to
bee-keeping if bee-keepers will only
apply the same common sense ideas to
their business that are applied to all
other businesses. Bee-keeping is now
slowly passing from an auxiliary, or
subsidary pursuit, to thatof a business

52

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

of itself, and if a man will only find a
good location, stock it with a good
strain of bees, and adopt methods that
will allow him to keep bees in large
numbers, there is no reasonable doubt
of success.

*«^Krf»jr»*^i>rf«

A Modern Bee Farm.

My friend, S. Simmins, of England,
the inventor of "Direct Introduction of
Queens" and "'Simmins' Non-Swarm-
ing System," has gotten out a new
edition of his book "A Modern Bee
Farm." He has added a sub-title, or,
to be exact, he has, on his title page,
made "A Modern Bee Farm" the sub-
title. The whole title on the title page
is "£300 per Annum from 30 Acres, or
a Modern Bee Farm." One feature of
this book is to show how advantageous
it is to combine bee-keeping with
poultry raising, stock growing, fruit
culture, etc., or, rather show how these
pursuits may be combined to advan-
tage, and how he has made the above
mentioned sum out of such a combina-
tion. It is possible that, with his
environments, he is doing the best
that he can do, but the conditions are
different here in many parts of the
United States. For instance, in his
preface he says he can hold out no
hopes that bee-keeping alone will sup-
port a family, at least in that countr3\
I am not acquainted with all of the
conditions in England, but in this
country, if the right location is secured,
there is no difficulty in supporting a
family on bee-keeping, and making
some money besides. I will not, how-
ever, discuss this point at length here,
but begin at the beginning of the book
and notice those things that seem to me
to be of particular interest to bee-keep-
ers in this country.

HOW TO LEARN BEE-KEEPING.

In learning bee-keeping Mr. Sim-
mins urges most earnestly that the be-
ginner work at least two years in some
established apiary. Time and money

are thus saved, and the solid experi-
ence gained is far more certain to put
the young bee-keeper upon the right
road than half a dozen years spent in
building up a small apiary.

HOT WATER APPLICATIONS IN CASES OF
SEVERE STINGING.

The use of cold water should be
avoided in the treatment of bee stings.
On the contrary, warm applications,
as hot as can be borne, will reduce the
swelling and irritation in a natural
manner by relieving the congested
blood, and sending it coursing through
the veins; thus diftusing and thinning
the poison; while, at the same time,
the pores of the skin are fully opened,
which aids in giving relief. Cold
causes congestion, inactivity and death
— warmth causes movement, circula-
tion and life. In cases of severe sting-
ing it is well to remember this.

HOW YOUNG BEES HELP IN SECURING A
HARVEST.

It has been argued, sometimes, that
bees hatching out so late as not to be
old enough to take part in gathering
the harvest are of no value, but Mr.
Simmins calls attention to the fact that
they do the work of the hive, thus re-
leasing for outside labor bees that
would otherwise be compelled to re-
main at home.

ONE SECRET OF SUCCESSFUL HONEY
PRODUCTION.

I doubt if our author calls attention
to anything of greater importance than
that of always maintaining the proper
proportion of adult bees to the quantity
of brood and young bees. Of course this
idea is not new, but it is not sufficient-
ly recognized and acted upon. If the
conditions are such that the queen is
able to produce the full working force
before the honey harvest begins, then
there will be a good harvest gathered.
If she is unable to breed up to her full
capacity until after the harvest has
commenced, the working force is unable

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

S3

to do much more than keep the rapidly
increasing- brood nest and larg^e popu-
lation of young- bees supplied with food
and attention. With such an undue
population of consumers on hand, the
queen has her own way, and her combs
become one mass of brood. The colony
which g-ains the proper balance of
population at an early date, on the con-
trary, has much reduced its brood nest
by storing- some honey and larg-e
quantities of pollen. This is the colony
that will give the heavy surplus, and
the other can never compete with it,
even thoug-h it have twice the popula-
tion. Mr. Simmins mig-ht also have
said that it was equally detrimental
for a colony to become too populous too
early in the season. The point is to
have the right proportion of workers,
j'oung bees and brood, at the opening
of the harvest. Our author proceeds to
give some of the reasons why the right
proportion is not reached early in the
season. The queen may be stimulated
to lay too late in the autumn, hence be
slow to begin in the spring. The hive
may be short of stores, or, on the other
hand, so overloaded that there is not
the room needed for breeding. Per-
haps the lack of protection in the spring
prevented the breeding so muchneeded.
Old queens are a fruitful source of
trouble in this direction. He would
retain no queen that had seen her sec-
ond summer. One way to provide that
the queen will use her best powers be-
fore the opening of tlie season is to
unite two stocks in August, if they are
not up to full strength. Another plan
is that of uniting two stocks about ten
days before the opening of the harvest;
thus providing that the number of
workers shall presently be in excess of
those required to attend the young.

PLANTING AND MOWING HONEY PLANTS.

Our author indulges in quite a lot of
theorizing in regard to planting for
honey, and what may be expected from
it. He assumes that white clover yields
ten pounds of honey per day, per acre,

which I think is far, far above the
average. He then proceeds to theorize
that by cutting the clover so as to have
a few acres blooming at different
times, the season may be prolonged.
So far as I have been able to learn, a
plant thrown out of its usual time of
blooming does not furnish much honey.
I once had a field of alsike pastured to
make it bloom late, but there was not
much honey gathered from the late
bloom. Mr. Simmins would also sow
sweet clover and divide it up into
plots, cutting the different plots at dif-
ferent times in order to have different
plots in bloom at different times.
Even if the clover would yield honey at
these different seasons, there would
not be room enough on a 30-acre farm
to raise clover enough to amount to
anything in the way of surplus when
divided up into plots. I fear Mr. Sim-
mons does not realize the amount of
flower-blooming area that is necessary
to produce a crop of honey. One
rather amusing feature is that he
quotes Dr. Gaudy's catnip fields (?) in
support of what may be done in the
way of planting for honey.

SOME RADICAL VIEWS ON FOUL BROOD.

Mr. Simmins' views on foul brood are
decidedly the opposite of those of the
majority of thinkers and experimenters
on the subject. In short, as I under-
stand him, he does not look upon it as
a germ-disease, or, rather, he regards
the germs as a result of the disea.se
instead of the cause of them. I am not
positive that these are his exact views,
in fact, he does not make it positively
clear in regard to exactly what his
views are on this point. He does be-
lieve, however, that foul brood has its
origin in a way that is different than
most of us have been led to believe.
He says "The origin of foul brood is
found in a fementing mass of neglected,
dead, animal matter and excretions,
combined with the presence of a
weakened colony, breeding and feeding
amongst, and warming up to blood

54

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

heat such neglected matter, which they,
in a deteriorated state, are unable to
remove." Again he says "We have to
admit that every colony carries within
itself the primary seeds of disease
which lie dormant while a natural
vitality is maintained, and sanitary
condition is maintained." To me
there is an apparent inconsistency in
Mr. Simmins' views, as he admits that
the disease is contagious and it can be
communicated by robbing, carelessness
on the part of the bee-keeper in work-
ing from an infected to a clean hive,
mixing diseased combs and appliances
with those of clean stock, and the feed-
ing of diseased honey. In fact, all of
the rest of his argument and chapter
on foul brood seem to rest upon the
germ theory. He calls attention to
what is probably a fact, viz., that foul
brood spores may be destroyed by
causing them to germinate where such
germs find no congenial soil, or where
a suitable antiseptic immediately acts
upon them. In the McEvoy treatment,
when bees are shaken from the combs
and left a few days to build comb,
then the comb cut out, he does not think
that the efficiency in curing, or getting
rid of the disease, is in the fact that
the bees have consumed the diseased
honey, but that the germs have in the
meantime germinated without the
means of reproduction.

He says that a colony with young
bees, left without a queen for three
weeks, will clean out the combs so
completely that brood may then be
reared in them with no danger of in-
fection. Bees with a queen will not do
this. Any spores left in the hive are
bound to germinate where there is no
soil to support them, therefore their
existence is terminated. I am giving
these views, not because I can endorse
them, nor because I am prepared to
prove to the contrary, but that my
readers may have the benetit of know-
ing what this man thinks. In the
meantime, there is much comfort in

knowing that we know methods of com-
bating the disease.

THE SIMMINS i-JON-SWARMING SYSTEM.

Mr. simmins says that swarming is
the result of completion and over-
crowding in the brood nest. His
method of preventing swarming is that
of furnishing an empty space beneath
the brood nest; he asserting that no
colony in a normal condition attempts
to swarm unless it has all of its brood
combs completed. He says that there
might be swarming if the empt^' space
is at the back side of the brood nest,
but if the open space is beneath and at
the front, next to the entrance, there
will be no swarming. Mr. Simmins
keeps the bees busy building comb in
this empty space, this comb being re-
moved and used in the supers above the
brood nest.

AN UNCAPPING MACHINE PREDICTED.

Mr. Simmins predicts that the time is
surely coming when the uncapping of
combs for extracting will not be done
by hand, that hand work will be super-
seded by some simple mechanical pro-
cess. For this reason he urges the
adoption of a plain, simple, % frame.

THE SECRETION AND UTILIZATION OF
WAX.

Mr. Simmins made some quite elab-
orate experiments to determine the
number of pounds of honey consumed
in the secretion of one pound of wax.
He went so far as to build a house 50
feet long, by ten feet wide, and covered
it with calico so that the bees might
fly in the enclosure, yet could not
escape. They had access to pollen
and water, but no brood was allowed.
The temperature was rather low, which
was against the experiment, but he
found that not more than 6)^ pounds
of honey were required in the produc-
tion of one pound of wax.

Mr. Simmins believes, and I agree
with him, that, during the working
season, the secretion of wax is continu-
ally going on, and if there is no way of

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

55

utilizing this wax it is wasted. Witli
his system of management, this invol-
untarily secreted wax is used in build-
ing comb below the brood nest. With
the ordinary hives and management,
wax may be produced in quantit3',
where the apiary is managed for the
production of extracted honey, by
always having some empty frames in
which the bees can build combs. Mr.
Simmins says that one pound of wax,
costing about 30 cents, as it is secreted
by the bees and by them built into
combs, will fill eight brood frames;
one pound of foundation will cost 40 or
50 cts., and to this the bees may add
considerable of their own production
before the combs are completed. Here
is a point well worth considering.

SPECIALTY VERSUS MIXED BEE-KEEPING.

In closing his book Mr. Simmins
makes a special plea for mixed bee-
keeping. He says "Shall your occu-
pation be bees alone ? No ! Poultry
alone ? NEVER ! Fruit alone? Well
hardly." Then he goes on and urges

the keeping of bees, poultry, and cows,
the raising of fruit and the cultivation
of a garden. As I said at the outset,
such a course may be best for Mr.
Siinmins, with his surroundings, and
it is possible that it may be best for
some bee-keepers here in this country,
tor those, if any there are, who can't
branch out and keep more bees, but for
most of us I think such a plan far less
profitable and desirable than specialty.
Suppose a man has 50 colonies of bees.
He finds that he has time to do more
work than is required by these 50
colonies, and he adds 50 hens. Now,
let me ask, instead of adding the
poultry, why not add another 50 col-
onies of bees ? If the man with the 50
colonies, who has added the 50 hens,
still finds time hanging on his hands,
he can add a cow and a garden, but
why not add another 50 colonies of
bees ? If the locality becomes over-
stocked, then why not establish an out-
apiary ? A man should exhaust the
posibilities of one business before tak-
ing up another.

MOVING BEES SHORT DISTANCES.

it is Easily Accomplished with Small Loss
of Bees if You Only Know How.

It frequently happens that it is nec-
essary, or desirable, to move an
apiary a short distance, so short a
distance that it is not beyond the range
of flight to which the bees are accus-
tomed, and, unless certain precautions
are observed, there may be some loss
of bees, or depletion of some hives to
the overflowing of others. The great
point is to move the whole apiary at
one time — but I won't tell the man's
story so long as I am going to let him
tell it himself. His name is C. F.
Bender, he lives in Illinois, and he told
his story in Gleanings, and here it is: —

I see so many questions asked in re-
gard to moving bees that I thought I
should like to give my experience in
that line. While the requirements are
simple, yet some of them are frequently
overlooked, and a failure is the result.
In the last seven years I have moved
five whole apiaries for myself and
others, the distance in every case being
under a mile. Two of the apiaries
were my own, consisting of a hundred
colonies, and were moved a little over
fifty 3'ards, in warm weather. In all
this number, less than a gallon of bees
went back to the old stands.

I think March is the best month in the
year for moving an apiary. If you
have work of this kind to do, put it off
until winter if 3'ou can If you are
obliged to change the location in warm
weather, leave the hive-entrances open
while on the road. This may seem
like a dangerous matter to one who
has never tried it; but if the road isn't

56

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

too rough it is perfectly safe. Take a
small load, not over a dozen colonies.
Let one man watch the hives with a
lighted smoker, and another do the
driving. You have no idea how easy
it is to smother bees by shutting them
up in warm weather, until you have
killed a few stands that waj'. If the
temperature is below 40 degrees it will
be safer and easier to shut the bees in.

Don't leave anything but the bare
ground at the old location. If the dis-
tance is under a mile, a large number
of bees will usually go back to look
around; but if they have marked the
new home properly they will always
return. If they are to be moved in
warm weather it should be done very
late in the afternoon, so they will have
no chance to fly until theiiextday. If
it is done in cool weather, leave them
shut up until sundown. Put them on
the new stands; leave them alone until
some of them begin to fly, then go
around and give everyone a good smok-
ing- so they will know there is some-
thing doing. Then set up a board in
front of each one so that a bee can not
easily get out without bumping its
head. I believe this is the most impor-
ant part of the work, but it seems such
a little thing that it is often neglected.
It causes them to notice that there has
been a change, and to mark the spot
before leaving it. Many of them will
go back to the old stand; and if there
is a hive there, or anything that looks
like one, they will enter it and forget
all about the new location. If there is
none they seem to remember that there
is one more chance, and that is the
place they have just come from.

Commenting upon the foregoing.
Editor Root says: —

We have had reports before, going to
show that the entrances of the hives
may be left open; but when the colo-
nies are first loaded the bees should be
smoked; for at the first ''jounce" of
the wagon some bees might ofler
attack.

Other reports, too, have shown that,
when bees are moved, there should be
no hives left at the old location. A
beginner trying the plan here des-
cribed should proceed with extreme
caution.

I generally advise that, where bees
are to be moved less than a mile, the
moving be deferred till early in the
the spring, before the bees have had a
chance to fly. If they have been in the
cellar, all the better; for they can be

put anywhere, and will stay where
they are put.

The first year that I kept bees, I
went after them in the winter, and
brought them home in a sleigh. There
were six colonies, and, after getting
them home, I packed them in straw, in
a big long box standing east of the
house. When I unpacked them in the
spring, two colonies were dead. The
other four came through all right and
prospered; but, for various reasons, I
found it necessary to move them to the
other side of the house. One morning
in April, before a bee was astir, I
picked up the hives and carried them
to the opposite side of the house. When
they began to fly there was quite a
commotion around the hives, as the
bees were marking their new location.
There was also quite a commotion
around the old location, which, by the
way, was left simpU' a bare spot of
ground. These two commotions prob-
ably reached their height about ten
o'clock. By noon, only a few straggl-
ing bees were seen hovering over where
once stood their home. Not a bee ever
alighted on the old location, and I
doubt if a teacup full of bees failed to
get back to the hives. To all appear-
ances the colonies lost no bees.

THE INVERSION OF CANE SUGAR.

A Process That Takes Place When the
Sugar is fed to Bees.

Bro. Abbott, of the Modern Farmer,
and myself have sometimes sharply
disagreed, but that does not prevent
me from admitting that he is making a
very creditable paper. I read and
admire many of the editorials, but,
like some of the rest of us, he occasion-
ally "makes a break," as in the fol-
lowing from his January issue:

SUGAR SYRUP IS NOT HONKY.

Editor Hutchinson of that excellent
but sometimes slow-going magazine,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

57

the Bee-Keepers' Review, for reasons
not clearly apparent to the g-eneral
public, but perfectly clear to those of
us who remember that he v\ as once
an enthusiastic advocate of what was
then wrong-ly called "sugar honey,"
seems to be unduly troubled over what
he is pleased to call "reckless asser-
tions." The last number of the Re-
view contains quite an editorial on the
subject, which evidently was intended
as a fling- at the editor of the Modern
Farmer. However, we are not greatly
troubled about it, as this is not the
first reckless "fling" that has come
from the same source. As the thrusts
have acted as a boomerang, and have
injured the flinger more than they have
any one else, we would pass this one by
if it did not mean so much, and if we
did not fear that the public might not
see clearly the real facts in the case,
and thus an injur3r inight be done to
our industry. We have asserted a
number of times, and we assert again,
that sugar syrup fed to bees and stored
in the combs is not honey, and bears
no more relation to the honey pro-
duced by bees from the nectar gather-
ed from flowers and stored in the
combs, than charcoal or graphite does
to a diamond, and we defy the editor of
the Review to controvert this asser-
tion. A young chemical student who
has only learned things from the stand-
point of chemistry might say that char-
coal or the pencil we write with is the
same as a diamond, but the most veri-
table ignoramus in the land would not
exchange the diamond for charcoal, or
claim that he could manufacture a dia-
mond out of powdered charcoal by mix-
ing it with paste. The substances are
identical from a chemical standpoint,
but men cannot make diamonds be-
cause there is lacking a certain "vital
energy" which makes things what
they are and differentiates them from
all other things in the making. Dr.
Wiley has never said that sugar syrup
stored in the combs by bees becomes
honey, as one might infer from the
article. Editor Hutchinson'stalk about
the "positive knowledge of scientists"
is mere rot, and there is nothing in it.
No scientist has any "positive knowl-
edge" that bees can store sugar syrup
in the combs, and in the process make
honey out of it, and the sooner editors
stop talking that kind of nonsense the
better it will be for our industry. That
bees make some chemical changes in
the nectar of flowers before, or after
it is stored in the combs, no one denies,

but none of the learned gentlemen
whose names appear in the article
referred to know exactly beyond a
doubt just what this change is, and
exactly how it is made. Professor
Cook has theorized as to how it is done,
but the late Prof. Cheshire, who was
equally as well equipped as Prof.
Cook, and from whom Prof. Cook got a
good many hints, if nothing more, on
the subject of bees and honey, said that
it is not that way at all. So there you
are ! and we shall go on saying that
bees do not, and cannot, make "honey"
out of sugar syrup.

Although probably not so intended,
the title to the foregoing is misleading.
No one ha.s said that "sugar syrup is
honey." The point is just this: When
bees handle cane sugar (and it makes
no difference where the sugar comes
from, the sugar barrel or the nectar of
flowers) they change the cane sugar to
grape sugar, or to be more exact, into
a mixture of dextrose and levulose.
This same change takes place when we
eat cane sugar. The saliva changes the
cane sugar into grape sugar. This is
the first step in the direction of digest-
ing cane sugar, hence, in eating honey
instead of cane sugar, the system is
saved from the taking of this step.
Bro. Abbott admits that "bees make
some chemical changes in the nectar of
flowers before, or after it is stored in
the combs. " Then why deny that they
make similar changes in sugar syrup
in handling it ? Perhaps I have mis-
understood Bro. Abbott. Perhaps he
does not intend to den}' that the bees
make this change, but, after the change
has been made, he thinks the product
is not honey. Perhaps that is his
ground. If so, then I can only say this
this is a point upon which good men
differ.

I am surprised to see Mr. Abbott
say that Prof. Cook and Mr. Frank
Cheshire differ regarding the manner
in which bees effect this chemical
change. Prof. Cook, in speaking of
this change, says "it is doubtless ac-
complished through the aid of the saliva

— that from the racemose glands of the

58

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

head and thorax " (See page 171,
1902 edition of the Bee-Keepers' Guide. )
Cheshire says, on page 378 of his second
volume, "The secretion, or nectar, of
most blossoms consists of cane sugar, and
is inverted, by the addition of salivary
juices into dextrose and levulose. " On
page 581 of the same volume he saj's
"The blossoms whence the bees gather
nectar yield mostly cane sugar, (italics
Cheshire's) but this undergoes inver-
sion through the action of the salivarj'^
secretion of the bee, and the two forms
of glucose before mentioned (dextrose
and levulose) are produced. "

It is universally admitted that the
nectar of flowers is largely cane sugar
and water with the addition of a small
amount of flavoring material. Now, in
all seriousness, what difterence does it
make, aside front the flavor, whether
the cane sugar that the bee gets is
that extracted b3' the blossoms from
the juices of plants, or that extracted
by the hand of man from the juices
of plants ? That point of flavor
is, of course, important, I'ery impor-
tant, but I believe it is the only real
difference between floral honey and
that produced by feeding the bees
sugar. Chemists are unable to distin-
guish the difference between the two.
I know, as Bro. Abbott says, two sub-
stances may be alike chemically, yet
differ in some manner. On the
other hand, it is equally true that the
raw materials for the making of some
manufactured product may come from
dift'erent sources, yet the finished pro-
duct be the same to all intents and pur-
poses.

I said that the matter ot flavor is im-
portant, but let no one think that
sugar honey is devoid of flavor. It,
has a peculiarly sweet, spicy, "beey"
flavor that is simply delicious, and I
believe it is just as truly "sugar
honey'''' as basswood honey is bassivood
honey.

Bro. Abbott says that I was once an
enthusiastic advocate of what was

then wrongly called "sugar honey."
This is is not putting the matter very
clearly. Then, as now, I was an ad-
vocate of the truth ; and I believed, as I
still believe, that the source from which
bees get their cane sugar in making
honey is unimportant, aside from the
matter of flavor, but I have never ad-
vocated the production and putting
upon the market of sugar honey. The
discussion started in the Review in an
imperceptible manner; one thing led
along, gradually, to another, until the
discussion was finallj' in full swing.
All that I desired, or plead for, was
that the matter be fairly discussed. I
I wished it settled practically, chemi-
cally and ethically; but such a furor
arose that fair, calm, reasonable dis-
cussion was simply impossible, and it
was dropped, — and. perhaps, for the
best. I have always doubted the prac-
ticability and advisability of producing
and selling sugar honey. The major-
ity of bee-keepers could not produce it
at a profit, and the general public, not
understanding the matter as we do,
would look upon it with suspicion, and
all sorts of damaging stories would be
rife.

But all this does not change facts,
and if we are going to discuss the sub-
ject, let us stick to the truth.

FOR SALE: 4 Danz. hives, complete.
Used one season, (cheap.) Box 14,
2-05-lt Mclvor, Mich.

Bees and Queens

Have yon tried my queens? They are as good
as money can buy; they are daughters of impor-
ted mothers; and no ■, ains have been spared to
mate them purely. When you send me an orc'er
I fill it promptly and guarantee perfect satisfac-
tion. I have the three- banded Ita ians, goldens,
Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy Lands and Albinos.

Untested queens, of either race, yS cts. each;
tested, $1.50; breeders, $3.00. Special prices on
lots of a dozen or more. Two-frame nuclei a
specialty.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

59

I PATEZNT, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24 >

s VEiARS the: beist. catalog freie:. i

BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH

)

Limited.

Famous

Train

of

the

World.

Chicago — St. Paul— Minneapolis.

VIA

The St. Paul Road.

(Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry.)

Equipment and Service
Unequaled.

Time tables, maps and information
furnished on application to

F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent,
Chicago, 111.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

Discount on all orders sent in
during February. By sending
your order now you will save
money and secure prompt
shipment. Our Hives, Sec-
tions, etc., are of perfect work-
manship. Send for catalogue
— free for the ordering.
Page & Lyon M'f'g Co.,

New London, Wis.
io-04-tf

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I,aws' queens are doing business in every State

in the Union and in many foreign countries.
The demand for I,aws' queens has doubled any

previous season's sales.
I<aws' queens and bets nre putting up a large

share of the hon'^y now sold,
lyaws' stock is being sold for breeders all over

the world. Why? Because it is the best to

be had.
Remember ! That I have a larger stock than ever;

that I can send you a queen any month in

the year and guarantee safe delivery; that I

have many fine breeders on hand. Price.

f3.oo each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for |6.oo.

Prices reduced after March 15. Send for

circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

60

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

THAT GUARANTEE.

I Guarantee your Money back and another Box if Yellowzones
fail to Please you — A simple, Glean, Sacredly-kept Promise.

YThis simple guarantee
has been published with
my advertising- for ten
years and I have had
JUST ONE request for
monej' back — just one.

An Agent sold some to a lady who
was addicted to morphine, who thought
because of their wonderful power in
relieving pain they would cure her
habit. They didnH, and I was glad
to send her money back and another box.
(Remember, there are no narcotics
in YZ.)

You have read my Guarantee again
and again. Has it struck j-ou as
simply a piece of Rhetoric, a grand
Climax — one long last pull at that
Dollar in your pants pocket, or as a
straig-ht, honest proposition ?

You know and 1 do, that the adver-
tising world is chuck full of all sorts
of Guarantees, from the Beggar who
guarantees he's the genuine blind arti-
cle to the Gold Brick Mining Co.

Your safety, then, is in my honesty,
and mine in yours.

z

No Frills or Fire "Works,
no Affidavits or Tom-fool-
ery about this.

It's your honor and mine,
a deal betweeen MAN and
MAN.

Bvit if these marvelous little YZ
should i^.\\ to please you simply tell me,
and the next mail takes j'our money
back and a new box of YZ without a
quibble.

But YZ DO THINGS.

They will DO THINGS for you-

Just now, while writing this, there
comes among my orders, one from
Mrs. N. E. France (and you know
N. E. France.) They have used YZ
for years. She says — "I am in much
need of them. My son has Grip and
Fever. Am afraid I haven't YZ
enough to carry him through. I have
more confidence in them than in many
other remedies. ' '

You see YZ DO THINGS.

They will DO THINGS for you.

I've Said Enousib.

RememberTHIS is the remedy I have wrought
for and fought for these 20 years— as I told you
last month. Keep them on hand, Take them,
not only when sick, but before you are sick— at
the earliest symptom of any pain or illness.
They will DO THINGS. They will bring Results. They will be your Doctor.
They will save your Money.

Y

Z

IF YOU KEEP BUT ONE REMEDY IN THE HOUSE IT SHOULD BE

YELLOWZONES.

31.00 per box of 150, with vial of 35 Zonets for liver and bowels.
Trial size 25c. And they are just as good as your money.

W. B. HOUSE, M. D., De Tour, Michigan.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

61

THE

FOUNTAIN
PEN

has the
^^LUCKY CURVE^^

The "lucky curve" is a curve in
the feed pipe thnt brings its inner
opening out against the inside of
the barrel of the pen, and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of the
feed-pipe when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage At the same time
the feed-pipe is kept moist with
ink and ready for business-
There are other good featuies
about the Parker. One is the al-
most impossibility of breaking
the handle. If it breaks from
any cause within a year a new
one is sent free.

Mr. N. E. France. General Man-
ager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, has carried a Parker
pen for years, and "swears by it,"
so to speak. I have carried one
uow for a year myself, and can
truthfully say that I have derived
more .satisfaction from it than
from any other fountain pen that
I have ever carried, and I have
tried several other kinds. I offer-
ed this pen last year in connection
with the Review, and sold a large
nuniber of them, and I don't know
of a dissatisfied customer. If there
is, I want to hear from him.
There are plenty of pens that I
might offer for Ji.oo and make
more money than I am making o i
the Parker, but I care more to
furnish my subscribers a good
article it a fair profit, than to
make a big profit on a cheap pen.
There are different styles of
pens varying in price from $1.50 to
Jig. 00, depending upon the finish
of the handle. My pen cost $2 00
and, so far as practical use is con-
cerned, is the equal of any; and I
have made arrangements where-
by I can send the Review one
year, and one of the $2.00 pens,
for only S2.50. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed, or money
will be refunded.

W. Z, HUTCHINSON,
Flint, Michigan.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

4-04-6t 147-149 Cedar Lake Road

1 1=2 STORY,

8-fraine hives, either phiin, or bee-way
supers, $1.00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 ft) shipping- cases, $l3.00
for 100; 12tti $8.00 for 100; 20 tt:. Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with orders of $5.00 or
over. Send for free list.

W. D. SOPEK,

R. D. 3

Jackson, Mich.

Beardless Barley

The barley of your dreams;
no beards: easy to harvest;
always bi» yielding. Mr.
Wells, of Orleans Co., N.Y.,
threslied I-l hu. per acre.
You can bc:it this in 1905 if
you try. ^_^__

National Oats

The marvel and wonder
in oats. Will yield for you
on your own farm from 150
to3u0 bu. in HI05. Try It.

Billion DollarCrass
and Teosinte

The two greatest forage
plantsof the century. Bil-
lion Dollar Grass will
produce 12 tuns of magnifi-
cent hay and Teosinte 80
tons of green fodder per acre.
Catalog tells about it.

Look At These Yields

Speltz, 80 bii. grain
per acre, and 4 tons
of hay bosltleo.

Macaroni Wheat,
Rust Proof, SO bu.

Victoria Kupe, 40
tons of green food per
I acre.
' Pen Oat, 35 tons.

Earliest Sweet €ane,
60 tons green food.

I'otatoes, 800 bu.
per acre.

Now puch prodigal yields
pay You always get them
when planting Salzer'g
Seeds. ___^_

Onion Seed 60c

a pound, anil other vegeta-
ble seeds just as low. We
are the largest Vegetable
Seed growers in the world,
operating 5000 acres.

$10.00 for 10c

"U e wish you to try our
great Farm Seeds, henceoffer
to send you a lot of Farm
Seed Samples, fully worth
$10 00 to get a start, together
)ur great seed catalog, all
for but 10c. postage, if you men-
tion this paper.

JohnASalzerSeeclCo.'-*^TI*"

62

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

The Best Bee Goods in the World
ARE LEWIS GOODS

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

/!

J^

WISi

WATERTOWN,

MAKES THE FINEST

SEND FOR NEW CATALOGUE

NEARLY 100 PAGES

G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS.

Rlake Voup Own Hives.

3ee - Heepeps

Will save tnoi.e}' by
usinjr our Foul Pow-
er Saw in makiig"
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO..

384 Ruby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 04 I 91

^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

63

■ iiniiii ■iiiiiiiitBiiiiiiiiiaiimiiniiiiiiiKaiiiiiiiiigiiiihiiiBriMn'.M kuh ■ii:ii!|'ibiii:i
imiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaibiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiimiiiwiiiiiiiiii niiiiihiiiri iiuaiiiii

pFompt Shipments,

Are what you want and we
can make them. Send in your
orders and be convinced that
we can do it. WISCONSIN
BASSWOOD FOR SEC-
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED
HIVES made by ourselves
now. A full line of supplies
for bee-keeping- on hand.

Mapshfield ]VIfg. Co.

IWapshfield, Wis.

|ii|iiia
liiiiiii

■ j.ii:iiMia:i: Hill

JllllBfin

I Root's Goods at
I Root's Prices

j, j POUDER'S Honey Jars and

I g everything used by Bee-I<eepers.

g j Large and complete stock on hand

l'""'l at all times. L,ow freight rates.

1^ I Prompt Ser\-ice. Catalog sent free.

II Wzilt^r S. Pouter

I I 513-515 Mass. Ave.

i-'l INDIANAPOIJS, IND.

il|ll^''"^^'iiW-P''l''''' "I ''''''! ''I '' '^''^ 'i''i '■ ' e

■niii^'''''^BIliBjiliiJii«jwiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiijiimiBuiiiN:iBiiiii»iiSwuuBMiuiii

Working" W^ax into Founda-
tioti for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

Foundation.

Gus. Dittroer,

AUP'USt^r

Wisconsin

iiiiiiii

The Graham- Hyde

BEE COMPANY

SPECIALTIES

FAI^CONER'S Bee - Keepers' Sup-
plies. We have Falconer's branch

house, covering the entire South- ji::;;

western States and Me.xico. Send for iiniiij

special catalog, etc. | r;!

■iiiiiii

BEES and QUEENS All leading | J

races. Bees and nuclei in aiij' gliiijii

quantity, for distant shipments, a | ;|

specially Send for circular and liiiliij

prices. |,;::|

HONEV" and WAX bought and |"''''|

sold. Honey cans in season. Be |-j-|j|j

sure and get our prices. § j

OUR MOTTO : To have everything |"""|

the bee-keeper needs, and to buy his |yj

product in return. Correspondence g |

earnestl3' solicited. |'|jj|

THE GRAHAM - HYUE BEE CO., |||

San Antonio, Texas. fi'ii|

Successors to the Hj-de Bee Sup- liiiii

ply Co. " :-05-tf i;:::|

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Is the Best. 1 1

Will tell you WHY. If you i™|

will send for Free Catalog |ii!iii|

and Samples. |„„„|

Early Order Discount on iiiii|

Full Line of Supplies. |„„f

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. i .«

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64

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Dovetailed Hive Showing the
Eastman Feeder in Position.

There is a growing demand
for a feeder that can be used for
simulative feeding- in spring; one
that can be left under the hive
all summer, and one that can be
used at all times without excit-
ing- robbing-. The

EflSTlVIRH
FEEDEf^

fills the bill. We show one in
place, one standing- on end and
one on cover.

it OwTO-^tl Q TP Bee-Hives, Sections, Fences, Smokers, Foundation
Ur lU Un in Comb, Bee Veils, Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Supplies, manufactured and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

I CAN SELIi GOODS CHEBPER

than the majority of dealers
can furnish them, and here
are some of the reasons why: I am in the heart of the lumber reg-ions,
where lumber is cheap and there is no freight to pay; I am in a small
country town where labor is cheap; I have new, up-to-date labor-sav-
ing machinery run by water nower — the cheapest power in the world.
Not only will I sell goods cheaper, but / will pay the freight to Chi-
cago, St. Paul or Minneapolis, on shipments passing through those
points. Send for my catalog and get my prices before ordering.

THE RURAL BEE KEEPER

A monthly bee journal devoted to the interest of the Bee Keepers of America will teach
you how to make money with Bees. May number tells about feeding bees. July is de-
voted to Queen Rearing; August to marketing honey. September to preparation for winter;
October, the wintering problem. I aim to give big value for your money. Swarming, and
how it is being controlled to the cash bentfit of the Bee Keeper, is the subject upon which
the June number treats. It will be the purpose of the Rural Bee Keeper to champion the
cause of the small country bee keeper, to show him the way to make money out of bees,
by first showing how to produce the greatest amount of choice honey in the shape that
will bring the best cash return with the least expense, and later will show him how to
cash his crop. Subscribe now. Begin with the first issue and get fifty dollars worth of
good sound information in one year for fifty cents.

IN THE FRONT RANK

Beverly, N J., July 17, 1904.
W. H. Putnam,

River Falls, Wis.
Dear Sir: —

I must congratulate you on the reading matter you have in the Rural Bee Keeper, it
is all that could be desired, and just what I have been wanting. I take seven Bee papers
and consider yours only equaled by Gleanings and the Review. Every number so far has
been worth more than the subscription price to me. I do not see how you can fail if the
present standard is kept up. Wishing you success, I remain.

Yours truly,

James T. Fennell.

— W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis.=

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are niade according to
these rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, bvit combs un-
even or crooked, detpched at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

CINCINNATI— Since our last report was pub-
lished, the price of extracted honey has ad-
vanced, no doubt acting in sympathy with the
sugar market. We quote ambei extracted in
barrels 6 to 6;^c;white clover extracted in barrels
and cans, at;;654 to 8^c; fancy comb honey, 13 to
14c; beeswax 28c.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Dec. 38 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

PHILADElvPHIA— The market of all grades
of comb honey continues rather weak and trade
is light, with a good supply on hand. We quote
as follows: Fancy white 15 to i6c; No. i, 13 to 14c;
amber II to, i2c: white extracted 7 to 8c; amber,
6 to 7c; beeswax 28c. We are producers of honey
not handle on commission.

WM. A. SEIvSER,

10 Vine Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Feb. 8, 1905 .

CHICAGO— Market on comb honey has been
unusually quiet for past month occasioned by
extreme cold weather which prohibited making
shipments.

Trade on extracted honey has been very satis-
factory since the first of the year, but as to
quantity sold and prices obtained, and we ad-
vise letting shipments of extracted come for-
ward if still in producers's hands. We quote as
follows: Fancy white, 12 to 13; No. 1 white 11 to
i2c; fancj' amber 10 to 11 cts: No. i amber, 8 to 10
cts; white, extracted 6^ to 75^c;amber5 to 6c;
beeswax 28 to 31c depending on quality.
S. T. FISH & CO.,

189 South Water St.
Feb. 6, 1905. Chicago, 111.

'""KaNSaS City— Market on all kinds of honey
is very slow; the supply exceeds the demand;
extracted seems to move more freely than comb
at present. We quote as follows: Fancy white
$2.25 per case; white extracted 6}( to 7c;
beeswax 28 to 30c.

C C. CI.EMONS & CO.,
Feb. 7, 1905. Kansas City, Mo.

KANSAS CITV— Marl gt has been overstocked
with both comb and extracted honey; but of a
poor quality. No. i to fancy is in demand A
good demand for beeswax We quote as follows:
Fancy white, ii toii^c; No. i white iic; fancy
amber loc; white, extracted 6^c; amber 6c; bees-
wax 30C.

WALKER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Dec. 30, 1904. 423 Walnut St , Kansas City, Mo

CHICAGO— The trade in honey is still below
the normal in volume and prices unchanged, ex-
cept that the pressure on the part of the holders
to realize is more urgent. Fancy white comb, 12J4
to 13c; No I, 12C, off grides 10 to iic; extiacted
white 6 to 7c, according to flavor, quality and
package, anything off is lower, amber grades 5%
to 6]4c. Beeswax 30c per lb if clean and good
color.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Feb. 8, 1905. 199 So. Water St.

BUFFAI,0— Strictly fancy one-pound comb
honey sells fairlj well at 13 to 14c, but all other
grades must be cut hard to move, but can be sold
if so cut. Can use some fancy comb. Fancy white
13 to 14c; No. I white, 11 to 12c; fancy amber 9 to
loc; No. I amber 8 to 9c; fancy dark 8 to 9 c; No.
I dark, 7 to 8c; white extracted, 4 to 6c; beeswax
28 to 30c.

BATTERSON & CO.,
Feb. 6, 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

TOI/EDO— The market on comb honey is very
dull, and therefore prices have weakened. We
quote fancy white clover and basswood, in non-
drip shipping cases at 13c, No. i, 12c, with no de-
mand for amber. Extracted, white clover, in
barrels, 9 to 6^c; in cans 7^ to S^^c. Beeswax
26 and 28c.

GRIGGS BROTHERS,
Feb. 6 Toledo, Ohio,

NEW YORK -The market is quiet on comb
honey. Extracted is selline fairly well. Bees-
wax wanted '^Ve quote as follows: Fancy white
14 to 15c; No. I white 13c; fancy amber 12c; No. i
amber iic; fancy dark loc; No. 1 dark 9c; white,
extracted 6 t'-> 6^c; amber 5^ to 5J4C; dark 5 to
55^c; beeswa,x 29c.

HII,DRETH-&SEGEI,KEN.

82-86 Murray St,
Dec. 30, 1904. New York.

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 Pag-eCatalog-ue describing-
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing- needed in the Apiary.

Special low prices on Brood Frames

and Shipping Cases Beeswax

wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.

2-'05-tf

[*'.

ISOlSaiSlSiSlS

PM

i

PM

Pm

-WE WEHE flWAl^DED fl- =

ON OUR BEE-KEEPER'S SOPPliIES

AT ST. LOUI5» 1 904.

AL>-o at Paris Exposition, 1899, and Trans-Mississippi Exposition

at Omaha, 1900. Highest awards at World's Fair, Chicago, and

Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo.

ROOT'S GOODS ARE PRIZE WINNERS
SOLD THE WORLD OVER.

Assiniboia

Austria

Australia

Barbados

Belgium

Bohemia

Brazil

British Guiana

British Honduras

Cape Colon3'

Chili

China

Cuba

Dom. Republic

Egypt

England

Frnnce

Germany

Grenada

Hayti

Holland

Hungary

AND ARE

India

Ireland

Italy

Jamaica

Japan

Manitoba

Mexico

Mont set rat

Natal

Norway

Palestine

Russia

Rhodesia

Scotland

Siam

Spain

Sweden

Syria

Tasmania

Trinidad

Vaal River Col,

Venezuela

In all States and Possessions of the United States and
Provinces of Canada.

OUH CflTAliOG FO^ 1905

BRANCHES:

Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Stieet
Philadelphia, Pa , 10 Vine Street
New York City, N V., 44 Vasey Street
Syracuse, N. Y., 163s W. Genesee Street
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

BRANCHES:

SI. Paul, Minn., 1021 Mississippi Street.
San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So Flores St.
Washington. D.C, 1 100 Mary land, av., S W
Havana, Cuba, Gbrapia 14.
Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water I.,ane

PM

Pm
Pm

PM

m

^,^^ is now on the press. If j'ou wish a copy at once drop us a postal. ■Si^
jQ It takes some time to print and mail to our list of 2oO,000 bee-keepers. uVj

C^ THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio fcS

PM

m

•>j

BBBBBBBB » ^^eeSaSS

■>j

March, 1905.

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year

Bee-Keepers'Review Bee Supplies.

PUBLISHKD MONTHI.Y

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 206

Terms— $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances — The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed-
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

PHnt, Michigan, March 15, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be g^iven as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 percent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 timfes, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with — •

Gleanings, (new) ($1 .00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40

Rural Bee-Keeper ( .50) 1.35

Western Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Ohio Farmer . ( i.ooj 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) 1.20

Rural New Yorker ( i.oo) 1.85

The Century ( 400) 4.50

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ( i 00) i .75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine .* ( 4.00) 4.10

Harper's Weekly ( 400) 4-2o

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75^ 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i.oo) 1.90

Success ( I.oo) 1.75

Everything the Bee-Keeper needs. The best
goods made. We sell I,ewis goods at factory
prices. Special inducement on bee hives. Estab-
lished 1869. Eighty-eight page catalogue and a
pocket mirror free.

C. M. Scott & Co.,

1002 E. Wash. St.,
3-05.51 Indianapolis, Ind

The New Century

Queen Rearing Co.

Has all queen cells built in full colonies and
under the most favorable conditions, while the
system of mating allows the sale of queens at
unusually low prices; also the utmost promptness
in shipment. No claim is made that these
queens are superior to all others, but they are
certainly as good as can be reared; while for
promptness of service ana fairness of dealing
they cannot be excelled

The following varieties are bred, and mated in
different localities- Three-banded, and Golden
Italians, and Carniolans. Prices for either var-
iety are as follows: One tested queen, |i 00; .six
for $5.00; one untested queen, 75 cts., five for
l3 75; ten for $6.00; fifteen for $8 25. Prices on
nuclei and full colonies given upon application.

Safe arrival guaranteed. Send for discnptive
circular.

NEW CENTURY QUEEN REARING CO.
3-05-tt Berclair, Texas.

I Names of Bee-Keepers I

El type: WRiT-reiiM B!

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ,
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at |2.oo per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 pei' 1000, but
I now havea type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46

Ark. ... 82

Ala.. . 80

Calif... 378

Colo ... 228

Canada 1200

Conn.. 162

Dak ... 25

Del.... 18

Fla 100

Ga...
Ind..
Ills...
Iowa.

• 90
744
1375
800

Ky

Kans . .

La

Mo

Minn..
Mich...
Mass...

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y.. .
Neb....
N. J...
N. H. .

182 N. C 60

350 New Mex. 54

38 Oregon . . 109

500 Ohio... 130C

334 Penn.... 912

1770 R. 1 46

275 S. C 40

94 Tenn 176

270 Tex 270

70 Utah 68

1700 Vt 205

• 345 Va 182

130 W. Va....i78

. 158 Wash 122

Wis 620

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

We want the readers of

The Review

to read our Journal. It has
just entered its second year,
with a list of 3,000 subscrib-
ers— think of it — Have you
ever heard of a Bee Journal
with such a record? Now,
for a good year's work.
Won't you help?

Send $1.00 for a year's
sabsepiption.

THE WESTEKN BEE JOUHNAIi

p. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor,

KINGSBURY, CALIFORNIA

Ho Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of vdring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

J. VHfl DEOSHfl,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

Bec-I^eepei^s

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Pzilconer V^fS* ®Om

Jamestow^n, N. Y.

g^^Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every wa}'.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

STANDARD

Poultry AND

Bgg Supplies

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest.

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS

Our 60-page Catalog is ready. Send
for it. It's free.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Griggs Block

Toledo, Ohio.

66

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Good discounts on early orders. Complete stock of bee
Supplies. Lewis Company's Goods at Factory Prices.

The best Dovetailed Hive there is made. Send for Catalogue.
We are always in the market to buy honey — submit price.
The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio,

Discount on all orders sent in
during March. By sending
your order now you will save
money and secure prompt
shipment. Our Hives, Sec-
tions, etc., are of perfect work-
manship. Send for catalogue
— free for the ordering.
Page & Lyon M'f'g Co.,

New London, Wis.
10-04-tf

The Wood Bee Hive
and Box Co.,

Lansing, - Michigan

gives two per cent,
discount until April
15 on the best Dove-
tailed Hive made.
Price, only $1.25 on
a story and'half hive.
200 secon d-h and

hives for sale cheap.

12-04-tf

YELLOWZON ES

Now is the time to order
your nuclei for spring - deliv-
ery. Tell us what you want,
and we will give you prices
by return mail.

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901
Mr. J. D Blocher—

Dear Sir : I thought I
would let you know as to the re'^ults from the nu-
clei sent nie. They were placed in ten-frame
hives, and are now in fine condition. From one
I removed 24 pounds of honey, and had to give
six of them more room, as they were hanging
out. They have more than reached my expecta-

Yours Resp., E. K. Meridith

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl Cit^,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

67

— If you are going to —

BUY A BUZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

t^OOT'S BEEhSXJPPIiIES

AT

{ROOT'S Pt^ICES

fio4-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUBL, Kendall, Mich

PATENT", BINGHAM SMOKERS. 24
< YEARS THE BEST. CATALOG FREE.

BINGHAM, FARNA/ELL, MICH.

■>-/"N^>P

68

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

A Solid Foundation

MEANS

A Solid House.

Dadant's Foundation

MEANS

SOLID, STHfllGHT, UlEIiIi-BUlIiT COffiBS.

110,000 pounds used by
Bee=Keepers in 1904.

Satisfaction Guaranteed

Bee-Keepers^ supplies of all kinds. Beeswax wanted at all times.
L. C. & A. G. Woodman^ Grand Rapids, Mich.,
Agents for Michigan.
Send for our DADANT & SONS,

1905 Catalog.

Hamilton, Illinois*

Rlfi ni^rni IIVT^ ^^ ^^^ SuppHes, Berry Boxes
UlU UlOVULJil 1 O and Crates now while we can
serve you promptly. Address

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO., Formerly

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Send for

1905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich.

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet,

The Townsend Wax Press.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z. HDTCHINSON. Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAR. 15, 1905. NO. 3.

P^en^eirini^ Bees^^ax mritlii Cofiif©rl

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

T HAVE been wondering- if all bee-
^ keepers have such a time learning-
to render beeswax as we did. When
I say "we," I mean my wife and
myself; as she used to assist during-
the first few years of our bee-keeping-
experiences; and "experiences" they
were, too, I can assure you, when it
came to rendering- wax.

A DECIDRDLY HUMOROUS ACCOUNT OF

THE OLD WAY OF RENDERIkIG

WAX.

The first mistake the beginner is
likely to make, is in having- too hot a
fire when melting- up his cappings and
old combs. This causes the wax to
boil before it is melted, and ready to
set off the stove. In this case it is
liable to boil over on the stove and all
over the clean kitchen floor; possibly
take fire, and 8moke the white walls.

We used to melt our wax in the fam-
ily wash boiler, and my wife says she
scarcely got her boiler nice and clean.

so she could begin to boil her clothes
without their being- soiled, before an-
other year's wax was ready to render.
After it was melted we dipped off what
free wax arose to the top, and then our
troubles began. Space will not admit
of mentioning all of the contrivances
we have tried in separating- the wax
from the slumgum, but I will mention
a few: Strainers of cloth hung- around
the stove to drain; colanders, pans and
sieves set in the dripping- pan in the
oven; sacks of slumgum on the wash-
board, placed in the tub in the usual way,
and the rolling pin used to squeeze out
the wax. Yes, it spattered all over the
clean kitchen floor. Great times those.
The cat boarded away from home in
those days. Did anyone else ever
have such a time ? My wife says every
dish in the house was smeared with
wax. Then suck a time clearing up.
I don't know whether you will believe
it or not, but "honest Injun," even to
this day, my wife faints away every
time she hears beeswax mentioned

70

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

We do not even keep a ball of wax
around for waxing- thread, as it gives
her that "queer feeling-" every time
she sees it. Then the most discourag--
ing- part of it all was, when we emptied
out our slumgum, to see those puddles
of nice yellow wax trickle out throug-h
the grass, showing that, after all the
trouble, we got only a part of the wax.
I presume this is the kind of slumgum
the dealer likes to buy. Screw-pres-
sure is the most efficient and practical
method of removing all of the wax from
this slumgum, but it is not necessary
to pay a high price for a factory -made
press; a person of ordinary ability can
make a press, for 13.00 or $4.00, that is
the equal of any press. As I have
made and used such a press, I will pro-
ceed to describe it and its management.

HOW TO MAKE AN EFFICIENT, HOME-
MADE, WAX PRESS.

The press is so simple, and so clearly
shown in the frontispiece, that little
explanation is needed. With a little
assistance from his blacksmith, any-
one could make such a press. Procure
two tough pieces of 3x 4 oak, 24 inches
long (fig. 1). Twenty inches from
center to center, at equal distances
from each end, bore X-iiich holes
through the 3-inch way of both pieces.
These holes are for the ^4^ -inch rods to
pass through to form the main up-
rights. Then in the center of one
wooden piece, parellel with the other
holes, bore a l>^-inch hole. This is for
the bench-screw to work through. Have
your blacksmith cut two pieces 20
inches long, and one 30 inches long,
from a % -inch rod. The two, 20-inch
pieces are to have threads cut for a
distance of 5)4 inches on both ends,
and each piece is furnished with four
burrs and four washers. To assemble
the machine, turn a burr clear on at
each end of each rod. Next put on a
washer. Now we are ready for the
3x4 oak pieces mentioned above. After
the ends of the iron rods have been

slipped through the holes in the ends
of the wooden pieces, a washer is put
on over the projecting end of each rod,
then a burr, and the parallel 3x4 pieces
adjusted a scant 13 inches apart.

When the ^-inch bottom, or table is
on, there will be 12 inches space in
the clear, between the top of the press-
table and the underside of No. 1. The
screw is the same as the carpenter
uses in his work bench vise. Ours is
16 inches long and 1 1-16 in diameter.
The burr for the screw to work in, is
let up into the under side of No. 1, and
is held in place by a 3 x 12 steel plate
X inch thick, with al 1-16 inch hole in
the center for the bench screw to work
through. If you will turn to the cut
you will see two bolts, one each side
of the screw, that hold the plate in
place. Instead of round holes in the
ends of the plate, we have slots cross-
wise, which allows us to adjust the
screw so that it will stand perpendicu-
lar. There should be another similar
plate on top, only the slots in the end
should be the opposite way — length-
wise. There is a good deal of strain
here, and everything must be made
solid.

The frame can be made to suit one's
fancy; ours is of 2 x 4, well braced, 24
inches high, the top 24x26 inches, the
long way parallel with the 2x4 piece.
Do not forget to brace well with a ^-
inch rod from the table to No. 1. (See
cut.)

The 30-inch, ^-inch rod is for the
lever. The one coming with the screw,
is not sufficient.

The galvanized pan is five inches
deep, and 18 inches square, with one
side left open and formed into a spout,
to carry off the wax. (See cut.)

The racks, two in number, (No. 2)
are 16 inches square, made of one-inch
square pieces of pine, spaced ^ of an
inch apart, and cleated at each end.
The follower (No. 3) is the same size,
and is made of two thicknesses of %-
inch boards, with the grain running

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

71

in opposite directions. In the center
of tlie follower, on top, is a 4 x 5-inch
steel plate, with an indentation in the
top for the screw to work in. Two
screws fasten this plate to the fol-
lower. The form (No. 4) is 15 inches
square and five inches deep.

We now have the use of an old,
abandoned dwelling- house, at little ex-
pense; and, as our cappings and wax
material acumulate during the season,
they are stored here. Those from the
yards near home are stored about as
fast as they accumulate, as our honey
houses are small (12 x 16 ft.) and we
cannot spare the room to keep the
cappings there after the3' are throug-h
draining-. Those in the yards that we
. visit by rail, are barreled up and are
shipped home by freight, all in one lot,
after the season closes.

SOME HINTS AND INSTRUCTIONS IN THE
RENDERING OF -WAX.

We bougfit of a second hand dealer,
a large. No. 9, cook stove to use in
melting our wax. This stove is also
used for man}' other purposes, but was
put in mainl}' for rendering wax.

The work of renderings wax is as
follows: Put a pail of clean, soft
water into a No. 9 wash boiler. Then
fill the boiler full of cappings; and, as
they melt down, add more, until the
boiler is as full as you can handle
conveniently — usually about two inches
from the top when melted. Be sure
the ca7)pings are chopped up fine before
putting them into the boiler, as they
will melt much quicker in this shape.
Don't forg-et, to also break up any
lumps that may form during the melt-
ing process. Our cappings are all
stored in cracker and sugar bar-
rels. You will need an open-top box,
not too deep, that will hold five or six
bushels. Throw into this box a bar-
rel of cappings; take an old ax, and
cut off the hoops and remove the staves,
then chop up the cappings with a
spade. This box is also used to chop

up our wax in, when we re-melt it to
purify it.

We will suppose you have a boiler of
wax on the stove. See to your fire that
it is not too hot. If you hav& a hot
fire, leave the gridles on the stove.
You will need a g-ood, long paddle to
keep the lumps well broken; a barrel
stave will answer. When the wax is
nearly all melted, keep stirring it, and
breaking up any chunks that may
form, always keeping in mind that
wax 7iever should be alloiued to boil dur-
ing this, or in subsequent meltings.
Just as soon as the last chunk is
melted, slide the boiler off the stove,
upon a barrel previously arranged the
same height as the stove. The wax is
now ready to go through the press.
See that the press-screw is clear up
out of the way, and the galvanized pan
(with the spout end) is in place. Next
put in one of the slatted frames, then
the form, when we are ready for the
30-inch square burlap. In selecting
burlap, get the thin, open kind, like
that peanuts come in, as the wax will
pass through this grade more readily.
Press the burlap down into the form,
set a galvanized wash tub under the
spout, (you will need three or four of
these tubs) then with a large dipper,
with a wooden handle, dip the wax
from the boiler to the press. You will
not need to put over two-thirds of the
melted wax through the press. With a
little care you can dip all the slumgum
off the top, so that quite a quantity of
the wax, water and honey can be
emptied directly into the tub, thus sav-
ihg the work of putting it all through
the press. When the form has been
filled, take hold of the two opposite
sides of the burlap, and move it up
and down; then do the same with the
two other sides. This works most of
the water and wax through the bur-
lap, out of the way, so we can handle
the slumgum to better advantage.

We will suppose the wax is nearly
all out, that will come out without

72

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

pressue, take hold of the burlap on the
two opposite sides, bring them together
with a good lap, and pin with a ten
penny nail; then handle the two re-
maining sides in the same manner.
Now we are ready to remove the form
and put another rack on top, the same
as was used underneath. Now put on
the follower and add the screw-pres-
sure. When the wax stops running,
loosen up the screw, give the cheese a
half turn, and add more pressure. If
you have done a good job there will not
be a particle of wax left in the slum-
gum. One pressure is all that is
necessary for a boiler full of cappings;
but with old combs we press four or
five times, always keeping in mind
that the less slumgum put into the
press the more perfectly can it be
freed from wax.

UTILIZING THE LAST DROP OF HONEV
IN CAPPINGS.

If you have followed me thus far,
you have noticed that, in the process of
melting, the honey and wax have never
come to the boiling point; hence the
flavor of the honey is not injured for
vinegar. After the wax cools in the
tubs, take off the cake, and empty the
honey and water into an open-end bar-
rel. After it has stood over night, or
until the sediment has settled to the
bottom, skim, and dip ofl the top, and
you will have as good material for
vinegar as it is possible to secure; still
more, you will have secured every
ounce of sweet there is in the cappings,
and that without any extra labor.
This material will be much too sweet,
but soft water can be added, and the
vinegar made in the usual way. We
do not use the sweet from old, black
brood combs, as it is too black, and
dirty.

CLARIFYING BEESWAX.

Clarifying beeswax, like everything
else, is very simple when you know

know how. The same boiler is used
for this second melting. After a little
cleaning around the upper edge, put
in a pail of water, then fill with the
wax as it comes from the press, only
be particular to chop it up fine. Any
chunks larger than two inches in
diameter should be chopped up with
the ax, as we want to melt it with the
least possible heat. As in the first melt-
ing, the chunks are kept broken apart
with a paddle. Give a little more time
for the wax to melt, rather than have
it boil; and just the minute it is all
melted, slide it off the stove the same
as before, cover up with two or three
thicknesses of blankets, and let stand
until there are signs of its caking
around the edges. Usually, four or
five hours are enough for the impuri-
ties to settle to the bottom. After
skimming the wax, it is then ready to
dip off and cake. Clean 3'our wooden-
handled dipper, and dip the wax into
flaring-top, tin pails. Don't make
the mistake of putting water in the
pails. There is a little knack about
dipping out the wax in such a manner
as not to disturb the sediment any
more than possible. Do not think of
dipping right in, just as if you were
dipping water, but drop the side of the
dipper into the wax, say, three-fourth
of an inch deep, now carefully sink the
bottom of the dipper down into the
wax, always keeping the top edge near
the surface of the wax. In this way
you will be surprised to see how close
you can dip to the sediment without
disturbing it. Stop dipping as soon
as signs of sediment are seen in the
dipper, and what is left in the boiler
can go in with the next melting. Let me
repeat: If you want that soft, nice,
pliable wax that is so much in demand
in the market, doiiH ever allow your wax
to boil in any process of rendering,

Remus, Mich., Feb. 7, 1905.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

73

BY H. G. SIBBALD.

»©tt©r

TT is well understood that if we can
1 keep our colonies working- in a
normal condition, without swarming,
all through the season, that the best
results will be obtained. This happy
state of affairs seems impossible. A
certain per cent, wiil contract the
swarming fever; and, at an out-yard,
where natural swarming- cannot be
permitted, something- must be done to
anticipate or cure this troublesome
fever. Shook swarming- has been re-
sorted to, and, to a certain extent, has
succeeded; when nothing- better could be
employed it has been called a success.
But there are decided objections to its
practice. If the shaking process is
followed by a day or two of scant honey
flow, there is trouble; such as swarm-
ing- out, mixing- up, etc. If hived on
starters, drone comb is built. If on
full sheets or combs, too much honey
is stored below. Queens reared under
this system are not of the best. A sec-
ond and third shaking are often neces-
sary. Altogether there is too much
labor required; and the constant
shake, shake, seems to annoy the bees,
which, in turn, annoy us.

The system which I have discovered,
and which I will try and describe,
seems to be a vast improvement on the
above; and, although I have tested it
only the past season, which was not
an over bountiful one with us, I have
been persuaded by friend Hutchinson
to allow it to be published, so that
others may try it next season, and
thereby have it more thoroughly tested
and the sooner a benefit to all if a
success.

When a colony is discovered building
queen cells, move it.^off its stand, a

little to one side. Place another hive
on the old stand thus left vacant.
This new hive may be empty, or it may
contain four or five empty frames. I
prefer that it contains two empty
combs and a few empty frames with
starters of foundation. We next turn
to the old colony that has been set
to one side, take out one frame of
brood with queen cells on it, making
sure that we don't get the queen, and
place it with the adhering bees, in the
hive between the two empty combs. In
these two combs will be stored the
pollen; thus preventing it from being
carried to the supers, which (together
with the bees they contain) are now put
on the new hive — just as they were
taken off for the examination.

We are now through with this ma-
nipulation; and the result will be that
the field bees will soon all be back to
the old stand. Having been robbed of
nine-tenths of their brood, and their
queen (but with bright prospects of
soon having a new queen) and having
very little brood to care for or cover,
they soon lose the swarming fever and
work very well. As long as there is
room in the supers, they are not likely
to build much, if any, comb in the
partly empty, lower hive.

The old colony which we set aside
will very soon lose its field bees, as
they return to the old stand, and, as
no new honey will be coming in, the
bees in the old hive will conclude there
must be a famine in the land, or that
the season is over. It is no time for
them to swarm. They soon remove the
larvae from, and destroy, every queen
cell. The swarming fever has been
knocked in the head here, and both

74

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

hives are safe for ten days, or even a
longer period.

THK EASE WITH WHICH INCREASE MAY
BE CONTROI>LED.

Upon our next visit to the apiarjs
which will not be sooner than three or
four days, we will find the colonies in
the above described condition. Our
next manipulation depends somewhat
upon ourselves, or upon our needs, or
wishes. For instance, if we desire in-
crease, all we really need to do is to
move the old colony to the opposite side
of the hive, or old stand, thus again
giving the lately acquired field force to
the colony with the supers. This may
be repeated at subsequent visits, until
we finally decide to set it away upon a
new and permanent stand. Colony
No. 2 (on the old stand) will requeen
without swarming; as it has verj' lit-
tle brood, and has lost all desire to
swarm. It may require a few more
combs, or full sheets of foundation;
but even if left as it is, it will build
all-worker comb, and be in good con-
dition for winter.

If increase is not desired, and we are
satisfied with an old queen, we simply
destroy the cells on the one frame of
brood on the old stand, put it back in
the old colony, remove the empty hive,
and set the old hive or colony back,
thus uniting all again, when with
plenty of super room, the^' will pot at-
tempt to swarm again. If we wish to
re-queen and re-unite it is just as
simple — wait until the young queen is
hatched; kill the old queen; then unite.

If we wish to increase by the nucleus
plan, set the hive containing one frame
of brood to the opposite side from the
old hive, and return the old hive to its
original stand.

By this method, or system, it will be
seen that no shaking is required; that
there is absolutelj' no chance of an
absconding swarm; no looking for
queens unless we wish to re-queen,
when she is easily found, as the field

bees are not with her. It does away
with destroying queen cells, and after-
swarms are unknown.

Claude, Canada, Oct. 25, 1904.

[In justice to Mr. Sibbald and the
readers of the Keview, it is only fair
to emphasize the fact that it was only
upon my earnest solicitation that he
consented to allow the publication of
this method. He wished to give it fur-
ther trial before publishing it, but I
felt that we would sooner know its
value by allowing its use all over the
country under different conditions.
There is not a particle of doubt in my
mind that this plan will break up the
swarming fever all right; the only
doubt in my inind is whether it will
stay cured if the two divisions are
again re-united. Mr. Sibbald says ic
does, hut we must remember that his
experience, although with three apia-
ries, was only for one season, and in
one locality. If a colony makes prep-
arations for swarming earl^' in the
season, and is induced to give it up by
the method given above, the question is,
may it not again contract that fever
later in the season ? Well, suppose it
does, the same treatment would again
control swarming, and allow the bee-
keeper to become master of the situa-
tion. Probably the majority of the
colonies so treated would not again
make further preparations for swarm-
ing, and the few that did, if any did,
could be given a second treatment; and
I think I would rather go through
with this operation twice than to
"shake" once. I do not mean that I
think it would be less work than shak-
ing, but that I think the results would
be more satisfactory. If the bee-keeper
desires increase, one colony from each
one that prepares to swarm, as is the
case with shook-swarming, which this
method is designed to supersede, then
I can see no possible "hitch" in the
proceedings, and see many advantages
over shook-swarming. — Ed. Review.]

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

75

eotairesmeiits for ^mccessfftal

^Ensiv© Joe©°ir^©©piiiigo

BY M. A. GILL.

EDITOR REVIEW, before answer-
ing' the many questions j'ou have
asked about keeping bees in large
numbers, I must indulge in a little
sermon upon the requirements of the
man who is to tackle a proposition of
this kind.

HARD WORK AND ENTHUSIASM NEEDED
IN EXTENSIVE BEE-KEEPING.

First, he must not be a human
■machifie, that has been standing idle,
rusting out as it were, and waiting for
something ^a5j' to turn up; and when he
contemplates bee-keeping upon a large
scale, his only thought must not be
upon the pleasure there will be in the
possession of what the business will
bring him — like the hired man who
thinks only of his wages, and longs for
sundown. He must realize, before going
into the business, that it means work,
and much of the time hard work. He
must have some enthusiasm, either
acquired or natural, for enthusiasm is
force, and force is success. He should
be a man who does not allow his ideas
to become fossilized ; nor one who keeps
a little hobby horse to ride down every
hobby that is sure to be found along
the broad, practical and sensible road
that leads to successful bee culture.

A home-apiary is very desirable;
but if a person is located in a field
that is already occupied, and does not
wish to give up schools, churches, and
other things that make life worth liv-
ing, it is not necessary to have a home-
apiary.

HOW TO SELECT A LOCATION FOR AN
OUT-APIARY.

As to how far apart apiaries should
be located, I will say, that is one of the

many questions the apiarist must de-
cide for himself. Being on the ground,
and knowing that different fields differ
greatly, he must decide whether a
location is fully stocked or not. Suffice
it to say, that locations should be
picked out where there is the greatest
amount of the particular flora from
which comes the bulk of the surplus
honey. Where it is possible, arrange-
ments should be made with the owtiet
of the land, and not the renter, then, by
choosing a tract of untillable land, in
an out of the waj' place, arrangements
can be made so the bees can be kept
there for a term of years by the bee-
keeper paying an annual rent, which
may go to the land owner or renter as
agreed upon.

HORSES THE BEST METHOD OF TRAVEL.

At the present cost of owning and
operating automobiles, the best and
cheapest mode of travel is, perhaps,
with a good team; as the hauling out
from the central station can be done
while making the weekly visits to each
apiary during the spring and early
summer.
WHETHER YOU MAKE OR BUY YOUR

HIVES, LET THEM BE OF STANDARD
SIZE AND MAKE.

With regard to making or buying
your own hives, I will say that if you
have good material, and sense enough
to make as good a hive as you can buy,
and can save money by so doing, why,
make them, of course, but if you have
got a notion in your head that you
know more than Father Langstroth,
and all the other manufacturers since
his time, and are going to get up some
outlandish contraption that is better

76

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

adapted to set hens in than to keep
bees in, then by all means you better
buy your hives. Then, in the event of
your w^anting- to sell out, you can do so
at a good price; otherwise, your outfit
w^ouldn't be w^orth anj' more than box-
hives to the averag-e bee-keeper.

I would advise making- just as little
increase as possible, then you will
secure the greatest amount of honey
possible, and this will bring- you the
money. Remember, if you never make
much increase, you will never have
much decrease. There may be in your
field a hundred colonies of bees that
you want, and need, and they may be
better worth to you $600, or even 1800,
(tog-ether with this location) than an-
other hundred brought in from the out-
side at $400.

WHEN TO PRODUCE COMB HONEY —
WHEN EXTRACTED.

As to whether you shall produce
comb or extracted honey, I will say,
study your resources first; and if you
have a long honey flow of white honey,
then produce comb honej'; but if you
have a short flow of either white or
amber honey, then produce extracted.
You may have a location where there
is a long honey flow, the first half
being white honey, and the latter half
amber honey, in this case I would
advise the production of extracted
honey, taking great care to produce a
well-ripened article of white honey for
table use, selling the dark or amber
honey to the manufacturers, as they
prefer a dark and strong flavored
article.

CONTROL SWARMING BY "SHAKING" —
UNITING THE BROOD.

Answering the question of how
swarming is to be controlled, I will
sa3^ that with me, where the weather is
such that I can work avery day, where
I meet my appointments with nearly
the same accurac3' as a railroad can
run its trains on schedule time, I
much prefer to handle swarming by

the shook-swarming method. The
modia; operandi of which cannot be
given here, but I will make a sugges-
tion that I think will be found profit-
able in practice. When swarms have
been shook out, and brood carried to
a new location, always put two hives
of brood together, either close beside
each other or one on top of the other,
give one a ripe cell or a laying queen,
then, in 18 or .20 daj's (or sooner if you
need the hive) shake the other right in
with the one having the queen, and
watch the results. I had such colonies
store 100 pounds comb honey in Aug-
ust this season.

If engaged in the production of comb
honey, it all must be brought to the
central station, which, of course, is the
shipping point, and where all sections
are put up during the winter, and, as
all supers are needed there, it is not
necessary to have any tents nor build-
ings at the out-apiaries; a good tight
wagon bpx and a large wagon sheet
being all the honey house necessary.

All help should be paid wages; ex-
pert help wages according to the
value.

In regard to carting bees home to
winter, I will say, from my own view
point, if I intended keeping bees in
large numbers, when I got them on the
cart, I would cart them to where they
would winter out of doors, and I
would not cart them back in the
spring.

LAZINESS THE GREATEST OBSTACLE TO
SUCCESS.

You ask what is the greatest obstacle
to overcome in keeping bees in large
numbers, I will answer by simply say-
ing indisposition to work. I know now
that the large honey producer has a
much easier task in disposing of his
crop than does the small producer, and
the greatest help to any one starting on
a large scale is to adopt a complete uni-
formity of fixtures.

In recapitulation I wnll say, be sure
you love the work if you intend to keep

THE BEE-ITEEPERS' REVIEW

77

bees in lare^e numbers. Don't be like
the maiden who told her lover that she
did not love him then, but would try
and learn to love him, for, with the in-
creased cares and responsibilities, you
may not learn to love it, and you must
remember that there is sometimes as
much pleasure in the pursuit as in the
possession.

.\ RICH REWARD AT THE CLOSE OK DAY.

The amount of travel absolutely nec-
essary to care for so many bees, be-
comes almost a drud'j^-ery; but, in my
own case, my wife is a landscape

painter, and, many times, as we start
to drive home after a hard day's work,
with the sun's last rays falling- upon
the crags and peaks of the Rocky
Mountains, forty miles away, casting-
its lights and tints down the canons
and out upon the fields and groves,
the whole country is transformed into
a great art gallery; and, in the ever-
changing panorama, she frequently
points out to us the invisible, yet
beautiful, hand of God.

LONGMONT, Colo., Nov. 28, 1904.

BY FRED A. KRAUSE.

T HAVE been much interested, of late,
1 in the discussions as to whether
bee-keeping should be made a spe-
cialt3% or mixed with some other busi-
ness. It seems to be the general
opinion that bee-keeping- and farming-
make the best combination, and that
the farmer-bee-keeper is the only sure
winner on the road to success. As we
have not heard much from the farmer-
bee-keeper himself as to what his opin-
ion is on the matter, and how he gets
along with the combination, I will
speak for one. The man who has sev-
eral irons in the fire at once, gener-
ally knows how successfully he can
handle them, better than does the man
outside who is merely looking on.

THE EXPERIENCE OF A FARMER-BEE-
KEEPER.

If I understand m}'^ brother bee-
keepers correctly, I am what they
term a farmer-bee-keeper, as I was
born and raised on the farm I now
own; which consists of 200 acres, about

half improved — and a good paying
farm it is. I have kept bees on the
farm for the last 15 years; keeping all
the way from one to one hundred col-
onies; and reading- the bee journals
about theit length of time. I will, how-
ever, speak only of the last seven or
eight years, when I was trying- to keep
from 25 to 100 colonies.

WORK ON A FARM MUST BE DONE EVEN
IF BEES ARE NEGLECTED.

Now, m3' friends, I '^2^,% farming and
bee-keeping, so, when you see where I
made blunders, don't say: "Wh}'
didn't you 'tend to your bees better ?"
If you do I shall answer: "Because I
had some farm- work that had to be done
at just that time, and I could do only
one thing at a time."

Let us suppose it is spring-. Now is
the time to take the bees out of the
cellar; but that will not take long.
Then, after the bees are all set out and
looked over, to see how many are left

78

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

alive out of, perhaps, 50 colonies, and
finding about 35 alive, and some very
w^eak, at that, I think it of no use to
order many supplies, as so many bees
are dead; and, perhaps, more will die;
so I decide to order no supplies until I
see what I need.

The bees are left on their stands
until warm weather comes, but then, I
am too busy putting in my farm crops
to look after my bees. I can't touch
them until my seeding- is done, at least
— then I get a little spare time. I find
only about 25 colonies alive. The rest
had dwindled down on account of old
queens and other reasons. Well, after
such a heavy loss, I don't feel able to
buy any supplies until I am sure how
the season is coming on, so I leave the
bees for awhile until I get my plant-
ing done, fences built and repaired,
and a hundred other things that come
under the head of general farming. By
that time I can see that the bees are
doing well, and I order my supplies.

PROCRASTINATION IN ORDERING
SUPPLIES.

But those supplies do not reach me
when I want them — by the first of June.
The bees don't seem to care, however;
they begin to swarm, of course. I
hive them in the hives in which the
bees died the previous winter, until I
have these hives all full, besides other
hives I made between times. By this
time I have, perhaps, 60 or 70 swarms
from my 25, Then, come my supplies;
and my help and myself are busy put-
ting up sections when the bees ought
to have been at work in them long be-
fore. But we can't work at our sec-
tions and supplies all the time, as hay-
ing time is here, a more important
work that ca}i't be put off, s,o we go at
the hajung, thinking we can work in
the shop rainy days and wet morn-
ings.

After we get nicely started at hay-
ing, those "blamed bees" have another
swarming fever. The first swarms I

hived become too populous, and swarm
out. Now I have no more hives, so I
double up some, and cut out queen cells
till I wish I had never seen bees nor
haying, though I do my best to take
care of both hot irons.

MAKE HAY WHILE THE SUN SHINES —

TAKE CARE OF BEES WHEN IT

RAINS.

We make hay when the sun shines,
and work with the bees when it rains,
but sometimes this keeps on till harvest
begins, and that can't be put off, so
here we have another iron, still hotter.

Finally, the swarming season is
over, for which thank goodness!

What surplus honey I have can stay
on the hives until I have time to take it
off, perhaps in September; when I find
mostly dark or fall honey, badly
travel-stained, but I store it away un-
til "some spare time" to get it ready
for market.

BEES GO INTO THE CELLAR IN POOR
CONDITION BECAUSE OF NEGLECT
WHILE DOING THE
FALL-WORK.

The bees I leave to take care of them-
selves the rest of the fall, although I
know some colonies have old queens,
some only a few bees, and others not
enough stores, but I cannot bother
with them at this time of the year when
I have all kinds of farm work that
imist be done.

I keep at my fall work till it is time
to put the bees in the cellar, when, of
course, I have to put them in just as
they are, some with old queens, and
some with too many old bees, but it is
too late in the season to remedy these
evils.

After the bees are in the cellar, I
have nothing more to do with them till
the next spring; at least, I think so,
but I have learned that much of my
bee- work ought to be done in the winter
time,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

79

I am, however, situated like many
other farmers; have no warm shop in
which I can work; besides I have so
man}' other things to do in those short
winter days, that I tinally decide to
prepare my supplies ^rt;'/v i)i the spring.

But when the next spring came it
was the same old story: I had only
about half as many colonies as in the
fall, so; felt discouraged again, as be-
fore, and let the bees take care of them-:
selves. I neglected sending for sup-
plies, or, perhaps, didn't need anj% as
the bees were so weak in number.
Then, perhaps, would come a cold wet
season, so the bees would just about
build up in time to go into winter
quarters, with about the same results
in wintering as previously described.

MOST FARMER-BEE-KEEPERS EVENTU-
ALLY QUIT BEE-KEEPING.

The fore-g'oing- is a fair picture of
my experience with farming and bee-
lieeping combined; and I am not the
only one who can draw such a picture.
I can count up lots of other farmers all
througli this country who have had
similar experiences. Most of them
quit the bee business after five or six
years of such experience, and the loss
of several hundreds of dollars. I am,
perhaps, an exception. I have stuck to
it till I now have 100 colonies, run in
an up-to-date manner for producing
tirst-class honey, and I shall keep on
increasing my bee business, till I will
some day quit the combination and make
a specialty of bee-keeping. I have done
both long enough to be convinced that
I am not capable of doing both, as
each ought to be done, and make money
out of both. Maybe some of the
friends will say, or, at least, think
"Perhaps you iire not much of a
farmer, or bee-keeper either." Per-
haps not, but I know this much: I
bought my farm, going in debt for it,
and paid for it off from the farm; not
from the bees. The reason I don't

keep at farming instead of bee-keeping,
is simply because I like the bee busi-
ness best, not because there is the most
money in it. I still think there is
the most money in farming, but I think
the bee business brings the most money
for WiQ amount i)ivested.

BEES MAY BE KEPT ON A FARM IF

THERE IS SOME ONE TO CARE

FOR THEM,

Now, I don't want my friends to
think I am just trying to help Mr.
Hutchinson out with his arg-ument that
one should not mix bee-keeping with
anything else; I am only trying to
show you the difficulties that arise in
the combination of bee-keeping and
general farming. Perhaps there are
some farms where an apiary pays, but
there is probably some one in that
family who has a liking for bees, and
don't care to do farm work. In such
cases it is all right to run bees
in connection with farming. But
to recommend bee-keeping to the aver-
age farmer, to increase his income, I
would no more think of doing than to
advise him to go to doctoring horses to
increase his income. Bee-keeping is
an entirely different study from any line
of agriculture; in fact, has nothing to
do with agriculture, as there are
places where tons of honey are pro-
duced where the tiller of the soil has
never been. Of course, I admit that
agriculture has increased the yield of
honey in many places, and, possibly,
decreased it in some places, too.

As to the farmer having the moral
right to keep bees to gather the nectar
from his clover and buckwheat, he has
the same moral right to manufacture his
own plows and harrows, but each is a
different trade. If he wishes to dabble
with both, and experiment, let him have
that pleasure. The question is, does
\\. pay \\\m. to try to do both ? Will it
not pay him better to learn to be
master of one trade and do that well ?

80

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

FARMER-BEE-KEEPERS ALWAYS THINK

THEY WILL "do BETTER

NEXT YEAR. ' '

Some one made a statement at the
St. Louis convention that so many
farmers owned so many colonies of
bees, produced so many tons of honey
and purchased so many supplies, but
even that does not prove that it paid
those farmers. One might think if it
didn't pay them, they would not keep
on keeping bees; and this reminds me
of what an apple tree agent once told
me. After telling me how many apple
trees he sold every year in the same
territory, I said to him: "I should
think the country would soon be filled
up at that rate." He answered: "We
estimate that four-fifths of all the trees
sold to farmers will be destroyed by
stock, mice, and rabbits the following
winter, making us that much more
room to sell the following season." I
should have thought the farmers would
become discouraged, and quit buying,
but he said: "No, they don't seem to;
they all think they'll take better care
of them next time." Just so the farmer-
bee-keeper thinks he will take better
care of his bees next year, the same as
/have always thought.
■ Speaking of how much honey farm-
ers produce, reminds me of another
remark the same agent made while
looking at my yard. He said: "It
beats all how many bees are kept by
farmers in the country I travel, and I
have often wondered what becomes of
the honey as I never see any in hotels
or restaurants, and hardly ever on the
farmer's table." I told him that the
trouble was most of the farmers hardly
ever got surplus honey enough for their
own use. He said: "Well, I guess
that must be the reason, then."

ALL BEE-KEEPING ASIDE FROM SPE-
CIALTY IS NOT CONDEMNED.

Now, if I understand Mr. Hutchin-
son right, he doesn't mean that 7io

farmer, nor any one that has any other
property, should keep bees; or if he
is keeping them to dispose of his other
property and make his sole living from
bees.

We must all be beginners some time;
and some of us beginners, no matter
whether doctors, lawyers, or farmers,
may turnout to be specialist bee-keep-
ers some time. I understand that he
means, a practical bee-keeper ca7i make
his sole living from bees alone, if he
understands his business, and it is not
necessary for him to run some other
business in connection to make a
living. If he has some other property
that brings an income, all the better.
I never heard him say a person should
invest every dollar he owned in one
particular business; for instance, bee-
keeping; but if he gives his entire at-
tention to bees, he can make a good
living at it.

My reason for writing this article is
to give those who never tried farming
and bee-keeping combined, my experi-
ence and opinion on the subject.

RiDGELAND, Wis., Feb. 1, 1905.

[In my estimation, the foregoing is
the truest picture ever drawn of the
average farm-bee-keeping. The beauty
of it is, that it is tiot a fancy picture.
As the camera faithfully portrays
what stands before it, so Mr. Krause
holds up to our gaze his own actual
experiences. I presume some will
think the picture over-drawn, and there
is no doubt that much of the farm bee-
keeping is far above this, but the bee-
keeping specialist has little idea of the
manner in which the average farmer
keeps bees. Let a man serve as In-
spector of apiaries two or three
seasons, and it will open his eyes on
this point. Farming is a jealous mis-
tress— but not more so than bee-keep-
ing— and the man who tries to serve
both is often in much the same predica-
ment as falls to the lot of the man who
tries courting two girls. — Ed. Review. ]

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

81

■^»'^'^i'»^»i^^t»*^«^^i'U»^^li.>r»i^U»^i^*i^«^^^«'«»*U»*^1iJ'».»U»k^U»wr»^^i^k^^i^^i^li^r»,if^.»U»u»*^^^

Itorl

*^«^^rf■J^«*^l(X«Xrf^rfR^^rf^ur^<M^i^(r^lr«<«Jr^^«Jr^<^«^•^«•»«^«Jr«^^Jr«««Jr*Jlur«»^M^i^««a<^^«I<««^<^i^,l^^^»^«^^,1^l^l^^^^^^^^^R

R. L. Taylor, who succeeds myself as
Director, is an experienced lawj'er, as
well as a successful and extensive pro-
ducer of honey, and will be a valuable
addition to the Board of Directors.

*R«T^«-»^^rf»-«-»

The Michigan Association of bee-keep-
ers now has 45 paid in advance mem-
bers, while there are quite a number
of old members yet to hear from. Some
may smile at the encourag'ing- manner
in which I mention this number — to
such I will say that there have been
years when the membership was in its
" 'teens. "

■n'^-'lU'-m^li^^P

Card Board Sections, two cases of
them, filled with honey, were exhibited
at Grand Rapids by Clyde Cady, of
Grass Lake, Michigan. Wemay haveto
come this sooner than we expect, and it
is well to begin experimenting. Some
of the sections had been gnawed some
by the bees, but it is .likely that this
can be prevented by coating the
sections with paraffine, or some similar
substance.

1iM^^)Ur^i^)i^^^

The Prizes awarded at the Grand
Rapids convention, (Bro. York of the
American Bee Journal, being the
judge) are as follows: Best ten pounds
extracted honey, first prize, W. E.
Forbes, Plainwell, Michigan; second
prize, W. D. Soper, Jackson, Michi-
gan; third prize, C. A. Huff, Clayton,
Michigan.

Best ten pounds comb honey, first
prize, Oscar Smith, Alto, Michigan;
second prize, J. W. Flieman, Holland,
Michigan.

Best ten pounds comb honey produced
in Danz. hive, first prize, W. E.
Forbes, Plainwell, Mich.

Officers elected at the late Michigan
convention were as follows: President,
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint; Vice Presi-
dent, Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont; Secre-
tary-Treasurer, E. B. Tyrrell, Davi-

<«^^<»jr«*«j«.

Ail Rootville is rejoicing over the ad-
vent of another little "rootlet" that put
in an appearance Feb. 5th at the home
of E. R. Root. What great bee man
to name it after has not yet been de-
cided, but there is no doubt it will
prove worthy of whatever name' is
bestowed; in the meantime it will be
tenderly cared for and heartily en-
joyed.

««i^n^^i^«niri^

The Northern Michigan Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual con-
vention in Lady Maccabee's Hall, at
Central Lake, on Wednesday and
Thursday, April 5th and 6th. Editors
Root of Gleanings, and Hutchinson of
the Review will be present; also E. D.
Townsend, Geo. E. Hilton, and many
other practical apiarists of Northern
'Michigan. Hotel rates at The Tavern,
$1.50 per day. Membership fees, $1.00
a year, and all members are also mem-
bers of the National Association.

1L»^I^^^V«T<^^

The Secretaryship of the National.
Several months ago, knowing that
Mr. Brodbeck would not again accept
the Secretaryship of the National, be-
lieving that I could do more for the
Association as Secretary, than I could
as Director, not dreaming that there
was a member who would object to my
holding theoffice, I had the couragetodo
an unusual thing: That of askingsome
of the members to vote for me as Secre-
tary. The manner in which this was

82

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

done aroused some opposition, when,
for the sake of harmony, I withdrew
m3' candidacy, and asked my friends
to cast their votes for some other man.
By reference to the report of the result
of the election, it will be seen that,
with a knowledg-e of these facts before
them, a majority of the members who
voted, preferred that I should have
that office. Under the circumstances,
I shall accept, and do my very best to
work in harmony with the other
officers in building up the Associa-

tion.

iKM^d*.^*t''»P

Mr. Geo. W. BrodbecK, of California,
Secretary of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, departed this life Feb.
6th. Consumption was, I believe, the
cause of his death. Mr. Brodbeck
was an extensive and successful bee-
keeper; universally liked and respect-
ed. One of the most delightful days
that I spent in California was in his
company, visiting his apiaries in the
mountain canyons. The Review ex-
tends its sincere sympath}' to the sor-
rowing friends.

The stockholders of the California
National Honej' Producers' Associa-
tion, at their regular annual meeting,
Feb. I5th, passed the following reso-
lutions:— -

Whereas — It has pleased the great
Ruler of the universe to remove from
our midst our esteemed President and
brother bee-keeper Geo. W. Brodbeck,
therefore, be it resolved, that we sin-
cerel}' mourn our loss, and will long
cherish his name and remember his
many kind deeds and persistent en-
deavors in behalf of ourselves and the
bee-keepers at large. We hereby
tender our sincere sympathj' to the
bereaved. Maj' the softening influence
of time remove the grief and simply
leave happ_v thoughts of his kindly life.
Resolved: That a copy of these resolu-
tions be sent to Mrs. Brodbeck and to
the press for publication.
Names of committee,

Geo. L, Emerson,
T. O. Andrews,
G. F. Merriam.

A Flying Machine might be a nice
thing with which to visit out-apiaries,
as I mentioned last month, but a sub-
scriber, in referring to the matter,
adds: "Yes, and wouldn't she be the
checker to chase run away swarms
with ?"

••«^«^».»^«'«^»

Honey Packages for Members of the
National.

The time has not come, perhaps
never will come, when the National
Association will deal in supplies, or
sell honej', but it has already helped
in both directions. For instance, Man-
ager France is now sending out to the
members a printed price list at
which they can buy direct from the
manufacturers, packages for shipping
or retailing honey. This list includes
the friction-top cans of different sizes,
the square and round 60-pound,
jacketed cans, as well as smaller sizes
of this style, also different styles of
glass packages. The chief point of
value in this lies in the fact that
members of the National can buy these
packages at lower prices than those
allowed an outsider. A man who has
use for many of these packages can
save his annual dues manj' times over
in the reduced prices he can obtain.

««^«^»^«i^1t»

Two New Bee-Tools.

Many of the little things about the
apiary, such as a smoker, a pry for
opening hives and loosening frames, a
brush for freeing the comb from bees,
etc., do much to add to our comfort,
and the efiicienc3' of our work. For
this reason I take pleasure in noticing
two such implements that have come
upon the stage within the last ) ear.
They are both the invention of Mr. H.
S. Ferry, of Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

The first is that of a hive-opener. I
don't know what kind of metal it is
made of, but it will not bend or break
with any ordinary usage. Its point is

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

83

like a wide, thick screw driver with a
rounding' point. It is very nicely
shaped for getting- between the top of a
hive and the super, or between frames.
There is a little tack-puller and ham-

mer in its make-up, as you will see, if
j'ou look close. These will come in
handy if a frame should come apart.

The other tool is that of a double
bee-brush. With it both sides of the
comb may be brushed at the same time.
The whole thing- is so simple that the
only wonder is that it was not thought
of before this. First there is a long
loop of spring-metal, something like an
ox-bow, or hair pin. Upon the inner
sides of the spring are fastened two op-
posing brushes of long bristles. A

liiiiiiiffiafiiiiiifflifiiiiifii ^

FERRY S BEl-I iSRUSH ^

slight pressure upon the spring, as it
is held in the hand, brings the brushes
in contact with both sides of a comb,
when a downward sweep or two will
free the comb of bees. Without having
used either of these tools, I can only
say that they have a decidedly practi-
cal look. Another thing must not be
overlooked, and it is of much impor-
tance, and that is that each has a chain
attached, and to the end of the chain is
fastened an eyelet that may be slipped
over a button, thus enabling the oper-
ator to always know where his tools
are without having to hunt for them.

Price of the hive opener, 25 cts. ; of
the bee-brush, 50 cts. Address H. S.
Ferry, 253 South 9th ave. Mt. Vernon,
N. Y.

Specialty Versus Mixed Bee-Keeping.

A month or two ago there was an
article in the Review from Mr. Strohs-
chein of Wisconsin, in which he
argued for the keeping of bees by
farmers, to which I replied at some
length. Mr. S. has sent another short
article from which I take the following
extract: —

"In my former article it was not my
intention to down the specialist, but I
do not agree with the editor in thinking
that the man who is keeping bees in
connection with some other pursuit,
should either give up the bees or the
other business. Many live in locations
where, from some reason or another,
out-apiaries would not be profitable,
yet they have been perfectly' successful
with one apiary managed in connec-
tion with some other pursuit. Now,
should these men sell out, and go to
some other location where they can
make bee-keeping their sole occupa-
tion ? If they did, then the nectar in
their old field might be wasted, unless,
according to the editor's theory, some
other specialist came in and saved it.
This, however, is one of those things
that work out nicer in theory than in
practice. I am not one of those who
think that every farmer ought to keep
bees, but when there is a field where
nectar is being wasted, I say, let some
one save it, no matter whether he is a
specialist, or has some other occupa-
tion. Now, friend H. , don't you think
this is fair ? Really, it does not con-
flict with your plea for specialism,
does it ?"

Of course there are men who have
made a success of keeping bees in con-
nection with other pursuits. They prob-
ably engaged in something else first,
then added bee-keeping, and finally
the bees outgrew the other business,
and it was dropped. I will admit that
there are cases in which it may be
advisable to keep bees in connection
with some other pursuit, I have always
admitted that, at the same time it
seems as though it were self-evident
that only the specialist can hope to
reach the highest success, and that, as
a rule, it is folly for a man to add

84

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

some new business to one in which he
is alread}' eng-ag-ed, which is capable
of absorbing- all of his, time, energies
and capital. Mr. S. speaks of locali-
ties where it would not be profitable to
establish out- apiaries. I suppose there
might be a spot where an apiary could
be manag-ed at a profit, yet the sur-
rounding country w^ould be unsuitable
for out-apiaries, but I think such cases
would be so few as to be scarcely
worth counting.

Bro. S. brings up the old argument
that has been used so often in regard
to nectar going to waste, viz., that
apiaries ought to be established here
and there and everywhere, in order
that the nectar that would otherwise
be lost, might be saved. The object
of keeping bees is not to save nectar
but to make money. We don't care a
flip whether the nectar is gathered or
not. unless we can make money gather-
ing it. For further views on this sub-
ject, read the article of Mr. Krause on
page 77.

How Best to Secure Rapid Increase.

Time and again when I have urged
bee-keepers to keep more bees they
have said the}' would be glad to do so
if they had the bees. I wonder if bee-
keepers who use this argument really
know how many colonies can be made
from one in a good season — or in a
poor season, for that matter, if a little
judicious feeding is done ? I have sev-
eral times mentioned, in these pages,
how I one year, by furnishing queens
and foundation, built three colonies up
to 33, and wintered them successfully —
and this was done without any feed-
ing. There have been reports of stiU
greater increase, but it seems as
though even this amount ought to sat-
isfy any reasonable man. In the ma-
jority of instances, a bee-keeper can
tiike ten or a dozen colonies of bees in
the spring, and, by the use of all pos-
sible help, build them up into a good-

sized apiary by fall. It may be well
to consider the best methods of doing
this.

The plan that I followed was this:
When warm weather came, accompa-
nied by a honey flow, and the three col-
onies were populous, I took three
combs of bees and brood from each of
two colonies, and two combs from the
other colony, first hunting up the
queens to be sure that I did not remove
them, and put these combs of bees and
brood into an empty hive. Full sheets
of foundation were put in the places of
the removed combs; and a laying queen
given to the newly made colony.

This plan was continued through
the whole season, viz., as often as
enough combs could be spared from
the colonies to make up a new colony,
it was made, and a laying queen given
it. As the bees came from several col-
onies, there was never any quarreling.

So far as resules are concerned, I
doubt if there is a better plan. The
only objection is the time consumed in
finding the queens. In attempting
rapid increase, one principle must
ever be kept in mind, and that is, that
bees and queens must not be separated.
No queen must be left without bees to
care for her eggs, and no bees must be
left without a queen to furnish them
with eggs.

Another thing, colonies must be kept
strong enough to work to advantae^e.
To illustrate: If we have two, two-
from nuclei, better progress will be
made if they be united.

I would like sug-gestions from my
subscribers as to methods of making
rapid increase. Particularly would I
like to know the best plan that would be
desirable, and, at the same time avoid
as much as possible the opening of
hives and the finding of queens. To
illustrate: Suppose at the opening
of the season, we start queen cells, and,
when about ready to hatch, make up
nuclei, giving each a mature cell.
When the queens hatch, become fertile,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

85

and begin laying-, we can simply set a
nucleus in the place of a populous
colony, moving" the full colony to a
new location, and we have two colonies
instead of one, with no opening of hives
or hunting of queens. This plan may
be carried out the whole season. Will
some one tell us the objections to this
plan, if any, and describe a better one
if there is a better one ?

•^^»^^rf^«'««'«-

Result of the Recent Election for Officers
in the National.

I have received from Mr. W. F.
Marks, Chairman of the board of Di-
rectors, a report of the result of count-
ing the votes sent to the Secretary last
November. From this report I make
the following extract :

To the members of the National Bee-
keepers' Association: The chairman
of the Board of Directors is in receipt
of a letter from Mrs. G. W. Brodbeck,
dated Feb. 11th, 19u5, announcing the
death of her husband, Secretary G. W.
Brodbeck, and enclosing the following
result of the ballot taken last Novem-
ber for officers of the National Asso-
ciation.

Whole number of votes cast for
President, ;^55; of which J. U. Harris
received 232; C. P. Dadant, 89; Dr. C.
C, Miller, 11; the remaining 23 votes,
being scattered among 17 persons.

Whole number of votes cast for Vice
President, 355; of which C. P. Dadant
received 251; J. F. Mclntyre, 46; J. U.
Harris, 9; the remaining 49 votes were
scattered among 21 persons.

Whole number of votes cast for Sec-
retary, 359; of which W. Z. Hutchin-
son received 203; G. W. Brodbeck, 95;
G. W. York, 23; W. H. Laws, 15; the
remaining 23 votes were scattered
among 15 persons.

Whole number of votes cast for Gen-
eral Manager, 349; of which N. E.
France received, 336; L. F. Scholl, 4;
R. L. Taylor, 3; the remaining 6 votes
being scattered among 5 persons.

Whole number of votes cast for Di-
rector to succeed E. Whitcomb, 165;
of which E. Whitcomb received 100; H.
H. Hyde, 26: F. Mnth, 8; the remain-
ing 30 votes being scattered among 18
persons.

Whole number of votes cast for Di-
rector to succeed W. Z. Hutchinson,
256; of which R. L. Taylor received
102; W. Z. Hutchinson, 83; G. W.
Brodbeck, 18; the remaining 53 votes
being scattered among 21 persons.

Whole number of votes cast to suc-
ceed Udo Toepperwein, 311; of which
Udo Toepperwein received, 189; E. S.
Lovesy, 50; H. H. Hyde, 24; the re-
maining 48 votes being scattered among
17 persons.

J. U. Harris, having received a
plurality of the votes cast for Presi-
dent, was elected President.

C. P. Dadant, having received a
plurality of votes cast for Vice Presi-
dent, was elected Vice President.

W. Z. Hutchinson, having received
a plurality of votes cast for Secretary,
was elected Secretarv'.

N. E. France, having received a
plurality of votes cast for General
Manager, was elected General Man-
ager.

E. Whitcomb, R. L. Taylor and Udo
Toepperwein, having received the
greatest number of votes for Directors
to succeed those whose terms expire,
were elected Directors.

The result of the ballot should have
been declared last December, but,
owing to the fatal illness of Secretary
Brodbeck, it has been dela3'ed.

W. F. Marks, Chairman Board of
Directors, N. B. K. A., Feb. 23, 1905.

Overstocking.

I have a letter from Mr. Strohschein
of Wisconsin, in which he takes issue
with Mr. Alexander on the subject of
overstocking. He thinks that Mr.
Alexander's point that the bees may
visit the same blossoms thousands of

86

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

times in one day is not well-taken, as
the bees may be workinof with great
apparent vig-or, yet consume hours in
getting a single load. As an illustra-
tion, he says: "If we should send out a
flock of school children to pick berries,
they might fill their baskets very
quickly the first day; but, suppose that
on the next da}', the children from two
or three schools should pick over the
same field, then, upon the third day,
the children from the first school should
again appear upon the scene, they
might have to work two or three times
as long to fill their baskets as they did
the first day. It is just so with the
bees. ' '

While Mr. Strohschein's illustration
is a fair one in most respects, it is not
exactly parallel. When a berry is
picked, there is never another grows
on the same stem — it is gone forever.
I think it would be more appropriate
to compare the nectar in flowers with
the manna of old, which had to be
gathered hy a certain time of the day
or it was evaporated and lost. There
are times when the flow of nectar is so
rapid and abundant, that it is almost
impossible to get bees enough upon a
given area to overstock it. Some very
interesting experiences were given
upon this point at the late Michigan
convention. One man had an apiary
of 250 colonies that stored a large crop
of honey in a very few days, and no
bees were seen more than three-fourths
of a mile from home. Another had
secured a large crop with 550 colonies
working practically on the same
range. Of course, there were reports
of small yields of honey with both
large and small apiaries, but the
pertinent point brought out was that
there were times when the flow of
nectar is so great that it is impossible
to gather all of it. There are times
when the nectary of a blossom might
he compared to a well of water — as
often as it is pumped out, it immedi-
ately fills up again.

But it must not be forgotten that
these times of plenty do not last
through a whole season — sometimes do
not occur at all. The general experi-
ence, from all over the whole country,
is that the yield of almost any locality
may be lessened by the bringing in of
too many colonies; but just how many
colonies it is profitable for one man to
keep in one apiary has never been
settled, and never will be settled, as
localities, seasons and methods differ.
My advice or plan would be to keep on
increasing an apiary until the profits
were lessened by the increase in num-
bers. By this I don't mean the yield
per colony has been lessened, as this
might happen, yet the yield in the
aggregate, and the profits, might still
be increased. I mean that, when, con-
sidering the capital and labor em-
ployed, we don't make so much money
because the locality is overstocked,
then I would start another apiary. It
may require quite a little experience
to decide this, and, even then, it can't
be decided definitely for each year; an
approximate decision is the best that
we can get.

A. correspondent in a late issue of
Gleanings criticises the writing and
publishing of such reports as those of
Mr. Alexander. He thinks they are
misleading and likely to do harm. I
think they are no more likely to do
harm than the advice to keep not more
than 100 or 150 colonies in one location.
A man may lose by keeping too /^w bees
just as he may by keeping too tnanyi
and the publishing of the profitable
keeping of large numbers of colonies
in one apiary may lead men to experi-
ment and learn that they can profitably
keep a larger number of colonies than
they thought they could.

Mr. Strohschein refers to the thous-
ands of acres of buckwheat in the
vicinity of Mr. Alexander's apiary,
and thinks this is the secret of his
success — not some new theory of nectar-
secretion.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

87

The Michigan Convention.

The Grand Rapids convention was
an excellent one. It was the best at-
tended of any that has been held in
several years. In the first place, it
was well-advertised. Three thousand
circulars were printed setting' forth the
advantag"es of attending, also call-
ing- attention to the prizes that were
offered. These were distributed,
mainly, b\'^ placing them in the circu-
lars of supply dealers. The Secretary
also sent out a circular showing the
advantages of belonging to the Asso-
ciation. These were sent to all of the
old members, and to a fresh list of
Michigan bee-keepers that I furnished
him. I believe he sent out 300 of these
circulars. So far as they would go,
he also sent out what were left of the
little pamphlets that were g^otten out
last year. Very explicit notices, as
well as editorial notices, had been pub-
lished in the bee journals for some two
or three months before the meeting.
Notices also appeared in the g^eneral
papers and the farm-journals of the
State. Many private letters were
written, urging members to attend.
Reduced rates were secured on the
railroads. Prizes were offered on
both comb and extracted honey. It
was made known that the editors of
three of the prominent bee journ-
als would be present, as well as promin-
ent bee-keepers from different parts of
the State. In short, there was a sort
of enthusiasm put into the very air,
that made bee-keepers want to "g^et
there." I g^o thus into detail in ex-
plaining these things, as it is just such
preliminary work as this that is the
making of a convention.

One feature over which the members
felt the most jubilant, is the fact that
the getting out of a little pamphlet last
year, giving a few hints about honey
production, the care of honey, etc.. ac-
companied by a list of the members,
together with their addresses and the

amounts and kinds of hone3r that each
had for sale, had done much in the
way helping- them to sell their honey.
Not much had been done in the way of
advertising- this pamphlet, as had been
expected to be done, in the daily
papers. A lack of funds had prevented
this. Not quite $2.00 had been thus ex-
pended in "liners" asking consumers
to write to the Secretary for a list of
the members of the Michig-an State
Bee-Keepers' Association who had
honey for sale. Not many requests
had been received. The idea had been
to try and reach actual consumers, but
there had been greater success in
reaching- retailers of honey. Only
1,000 copies had been printed. To
send a possible purchaser one of these
pamphlets, calling attention to the
sender's name as a member of the
State Association, sometimes helped to
establish confidence. This 3'ear, 5,000
pamphlets will be printed; several
pages of advertising being taken by
dealers and others, which will nearl\%
if not quite, pay the expenses of print-
ing.

The object of this scheme is, of
course, to find some selfish object that
will tend to hold tlie members tog-ether;
to induce them to send in their dues
year after year, even though they may
not be able to attend the convention.
It is fulfilling the object; as several
old members who were not in attend-
ance sent in their dues, and some have
been received since the convention ad-
journed. A bee-keeper who is not now
a member can send $1 00 to the Secre-
tary, Mr. E. B. Tyrrell, Davison, Mich-
igan, and this will not only make him
a member of the Michigan Association,
but also of the National, and, some-
time next Aug-ust, this bge-keeper will
receive notice from the Secretary
asking for a report in regard to his
honey crop. It he will send in his
report as to the kind and qualitj',
how put up, etc., it will go into this
pamphlet, of which 5,000 copies will be

88

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

printed and sent out to dealers and
others who wish to buy hone3^

Notliing- happened to mar the pleas-
ure of the meeting', which was solid
discussion from beg'inning' to end.
This way of conducting' a convention is
very good if there are plenty of talkers
present, or if the presiding- officer
knows how to stir up those not in-
clined to talk. Little slips of paper
are passed around among the audience
and each requested to write some ques-
tion, or questions, when they are
gathered up and read, one at a time,

and discussed. In this way, any one
who wishes a question answered can
be accommodated; and there never
seems to be a lack of subjects.

The convention adjourned to meet at
the time and place to be selected by the
executive committee. It might not be
out of place to mention that, for the
past two or three years, we have been
meeting in connection with the State
Dairymen's Association; the two Asso-
ciations furnishing sufficient attend-
ance to secure the desired low rates on
the railroads.

SETTING HIVES IN PAIRS.

How it Helps in Practicing Shook-Swarming.

It is a little earlj' yet to be practic-
ing shook-swarming, but none too
early to be considering the prelimin-
aries, especially when one of them may
be how the hives are to be arranged
when the bees are taken from the cel-
lar. Mr. M. A. Gill, in an article in
the Rural Bee-Keeper, tells of the ad-
vantages of having hives arranged in
pairs, the principle one of which is
that it allows of the practicing of
shook-swarming in such a way as to
avoid increase if so desired, or to
simply make one new colony from two.
Here is what he sa3's: —

"You have asked me to give my
reasons for arranging mj^ colonies of
hives in pairs. First I will say that it
is a great convenience in doing the
work, as one hive is a work bench for
the operator while he is manipulating
either of the pair. Again, where hives
are set in pairs, and the pairs at least
8 feet apart, there is not so much loss
of queens as when hives are set in
a long continuous row. If two rows of
pairs are set, say, facing south, then
two rows facing east, then two rows
facing south again, it will assist the
queens in finding their homes, besides

keeping the working force more evenly
distributed throughout the apiary; for
it is a fact that the greatest number of
bees stop in the front rows during
windy weather, especially when there
are a number of rows, and the working
force all come in from the same direc-
tion; but when part are turned east
and part south they come in from two
directions and are less apt to become
confused.

It is very convenient to have hives sit-
ting in pairs where shook-swarming is
to be practiced. To illustrate: we will
say here is a pair, and both are making
preparations to swarm, but we do not'
want any increase. We realize, how-
ever, that something must be done, else
they will swarm. So we will simply
set both hives back from their stands,
and put in their place a new hive that
has been made ready to receive a
swarm. Now find the queen in one of
the old colonies, and hang her with a
frame o f brood in the new hive; then
shake all remaining bees in the old
swarm into the new one, leaving just
enough to care for the brood. Now
find the queen in the other colony, and
set the frame she is on away some-
where, temporarily, then shake all the
bees in that hive (except enough to care
for the brood) in with the one where
you shook the others, shaking out all
the nectar you want to, completely
daubing the bees of both colonies as
you shake them together into the new
hive. Now take the queen that you set
away and hang her back in the hive

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

89

where she came from, and carry the
hive somewhere to a new stand; then
go back and get the other hive of brood
and set it on top, or close beside the
one just carried away.

Now we have on the old stand a
young- swarm that has all of the flying-
bees from both old ones, and it will
make an immense amount of honey if
there is a honey flow and it is properly
cared for. On the new stand we have
two hives of brood, and neither one
can swarm, because neither has any
field bees nor will have for ten days.
Do not allow the queenless one to de-
velop any queen cells; and in 14 to 18
days shake all the bees from the queen-
less colony in with the colony that has
the queen, carry the empty hive away,
and use the combs somewhere else.
They will contain a little brood that is
not yet hatched, but it will do no harm
if you want to use it anywhere.

With this system we must always
know that we are not disturbing- foul
combs. It will be noticed that both the
colonies have swarmed, yet there has
been no increase. Both colonies should
g-ive a splendid account of themselves
in storing- honey, and if you fail the
first trial, the fault is in yourself and
not the system.

SPECIALTY IN BEE-KEEPING.

Some of the Advantages as set Forth by

the Editor of the Rural

Bee-Keeper.

For a long time I have plead for
specialty, and tried to show bee-keep-
ers what they were losing by fussing
along with a few bees, instead of
spreading out and devoting their whole
time and attention to the business.
For some reason the other bee jour-
nals have been backward in the advo-
cacy of what, it seems to me, ought to
be apparent to the most superficial
observer, but, at last, one of them, the
Rural Bee-Keeper, has joined in the
good work by printing an editorial
from which I make the following ex-
tracts :

If bee-keepers will produce ten times
the honey now secured there will be a
more satisfactory market. They may

not get more per pound, but they will
get more money.

I wish to confirm my opinion as to the
market for honey being improved by
producing more honey, by drawing a
few comparisons from life. Take the
potato for instance. I can remember, 20
to 25 years ago, when potatoes were
not worth digging. One reason was
that that the hoe was too slow a tool to
dig with; then came the potato fork
and finally the 4-horse digger that rolls
out 5 to 8 acres a day. With the potato
digger came the starch factory. We
had first one, then two, in our town.
Our acreage ran up to 3,000, tributary
to River Falls. We sold them for 15
cents, but with proper soil and culti-
vation we produced 300 bushels to the
acre, so $45 an acre was not so bad a
crop; then there was a failure in the
potato crop in some localities, and our
crop dropped to an average of 100
bushels to the acre; then the price went
up to 40, 50 and 60 cents a bushel, a
trifle better than chinch-bug wheat.

One more comparison, the dairy cow.
Every farmer has kept a few cows, and
and taken a jar or two a week of but-
ter to town and traded it off for gro-
ceries. Today the average farmer
milks 10 to 20 cows, and the cows keep
him. The cream separator has done
its work; it lightens the work and
makes it possible to do more with the
same labor. The average bee-keeper
keeps a few bees. The time has come
when a bee-keeper can care for 500 to
1,000 colonies of bees with very little
help.

Hutchinson says the best thing to go
with bee-keeping, to make up a living,
is more bees, and if we can take our
potato and our cow experience for any-
thing, he is right. Keep more bees.
This year there has been, I understand,
four full cars of honey loaded in Pierce
and St. Croix counties; cash was paid
at the car door for every pound. There
was but one buyer and he had it com-
paratively his own way. Produce 40
cars of honey in these two counties,
and there will be competition among
buyers, because buyers can afford to
come and bid for a lot of choice honey.

M. A. Gill, of Longmont, Colo., is
one of the most successful honej' pro-
ducers in America today. With the
aid of his wife and one helper, he cared
for 1,000 colonies of bees last season.
His crop was two car loads of comb
honey. Mr. Gill says that when he
produces a crop of honey, he then wants
to sell it to some fellow who wants to

90

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

deal in pints and pounds, and he de-
votes himself to g'etting- ready to pro-
duce another crop of honej'.

When you have but little honey, or
any other commodity, to sell, you must
htint a itiarket, but when you produce
large quantities of the finest honey, the
market will hunt you. There is a
maxim among traders that anything-
that is brought right is half sold. We,
as bee-keepers are purchasing our
honey crops too dearly. We use too
much labor, and labor means money,
where rightly directed. Gill, Cogg-
shall, Atwater, Facey, France, and
many others, are buying their honey
with much less labor, consequently,
they make sales at a price that takes
our breath away, and still their bank
account grows, while we struggle, as it
were, for an existence. We have as
good flora as they, but we lack the bees
— the busy toilers to gather the sweet.
If every fourth person now engaged in
bee-keeping would operate all the bees
for the four now engaged, the other
three could devote their time more sat-
isfactorily to other pursuits, and No. 4
would increase his net income more
than four fold.

Again, as with the potato and the
cow, I think we are using old, fogy
apparatus which makes our honey cost
too much, because we handle too many
pieces. The keeping of more bees by
one person involves the establishment
of out-yards. This necessitates the
controllingof increase by shook-swarm-
ing in some form; and the question of
how to tell with the least amount of
labor, when a colon}' is going to
swarm, or preparing to swarm, is the
question that is going to determine the
cost of producing honey.

Increasing the number of bee-keepers
by encouraging farmers and others to
engage in the business may be bene-
ficial to the publishers of bee journals,
and the dealers in supplies, but I am
working to increase the prosperity of
existing bee-keepers, instead of in-
creasing their numbers.

INCREASE is a handsome litt'e book telling
how to form new colonies without break-
ing s ocks. A simple, sure, satisfactory
plan. 25c.
BABY NUCLEI tells ho.v to mate many
queens from sections with a mere handful
of bees. -12 pages, 20 pictures. Plain,
cheap, simple. 50c.
QUEENS and QUEEN REARING OUTFITS
FOR SALE Golden-all-over and Cauca-
sian Queens. Circulars Kree

E. L. FR ATT, Swarthmore, Penn.

Honey Queens.

Laws' Improved Golden Queens, Laws'
Long-Tongued Leather Colored Queens, and
Laws' Holy Land Queens.

I<aws' queens are doing business in every State
in the Union and in many foreign countries.

The demand for I<aws' queens has doubled any
previous season's sales.

I,aws' queens and bees are putting up a large
share of the hon^y now sold.

I<aws' stock is being sold for breeders all over
the world. Why? Because it is the best to
be had.

Remeinber ! That I have a larger stock than ever;
that I can send j'ou a queen any month in
the year and guarantee safe delivery; that I
have many fine breeders on hand. Price,
$3.00 each. Tested, each, $1.25; five for |6.ooi
Prices reduced after March 15. Send for
circular.

W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas.

Bees and Queens

Have you tried my queens? They are as good
as money can buy; they are daughters of impor-
ted mothers; and no tains have been spared to
mate them purely. When you send me an order
I fill it promptly and guarantee perfect satisfac-
tion. I have the three-banded Ita'ians, goldens,
Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy Lands and Albinos.

Untested queens, of either race, 7 1 cts. each;
tested, $1 50; breeders, $3.00. Special prices on
lots of a dozen or more. Two-frame nuclei a
specialty.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

Why he bought our

I asked Mr. L. F. Weaver what he could say of
our queens, and tell the truth, and here is his
reply:

.Shadeland, Ind., 2-S, 1905.

Friend Michael.

We received our first queens from
you in 1903, — >ou will find that you sent me
more queens in 904, and we expect to order a
greater number in 190.5. Why? Because your
queens have met all our requirements, their
workers being gentle, uniform in color and size,
energetic hustlers and prosperous, in colony and
store. We know not your method of rearing,
and it makes no difference to us so long as we
get such good and prolific queens

Yours respectfully,

L F. WEAVER.

3-05-3t

, MECInlAEL.

R. F. D. No. I, Manchester, Ind.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

91

Nice Enough For
Anybody

Ladies traveling to Cali-
Tornia appreciate tne
deligntrul nome com-
rorts or our superior
Tourist PuUinans.

H

arvey serves the meals

til.

Js

Many otn<

er exclusive ani

ddi

tinctive features.

Asfe General Passenger Office
Atchison, Topp;ka & bANXA Fe
Railway, Chicago, about very low
one-way rates to California, March
1st to May ij,th.

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?^2

Some of our competitors have been trying- to cast a suspicion
upon our goods, by stating- that the quality of the bee supplies fur-
nished by us, at a less price than is usually charg-ed for same, is of
lower quality.

WE DENY THIS and defy any one to prove that such is the
case. All goods manufactured by us are guaranteed to be of stand-
ard quality, irrespective of the prices.

The cause for selling our product at lower prices than others,
is very simple. We are at the heart of the lumber district, conse-
quently do not have to pay freight for several hundred miles on raw
material and also prepay return freight on the manufactured product.

We have one of the most modern plants in the country, running
by water power. This saves us the expense of fuel. Altogether we
are able to sell at 25 per cent, less than the average manufacturer is
able to do.

We guarantee you absolute satisfaction or refund your money.

Power Bldg.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

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92

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Get Tberr) Rigbt iSow.

Send an order right now for a full-sized box of Yellow-
zones. You need them.

You intended to before, but, somehow, put it off. Do it
now. Do it at my risk.

Your dollar is safe. It goes right back to you with an-
other box, if you are not pleased.

You need them in your home just as I do in mine.

If you Keep but OME REA\EDY ip th^ Houje it sboulcl

be Yellowzopes.

YZ

A N. Y. City man recently wrote: — "I
find, this winter, that YZ are the best
thing- I ever used for myself or family

for colds. Far better than Bromo-Q

and none of its depressing- effects.

It beg-jns to dawn upon me that YZ
are a g-reat remedy. ' '

I. H. Vail, a traveling- man, Feb. 13,
'05. "I have cured many a weary
traveler, and all g-ratis. Broug^ht a
case of Grip out in 2 hours at New
Phila.. O., and he under the Dr's
care, with orders not to turn in bed."

These are Bee-Keeperj.

F. H. Drake, E. Brockfield, Mass.,
Feb. 4, '05. * ' Yellowzones proved so g-pod
I dont want to be without them."

Mrs. L. G. Clute, Manchester, la.
Jan 28, '05. "For the Grip we think
there is nothing better."

H. Crowther, N. King-sville, O.,
Feb. 11, '05. "The 25c box was worth
dollars to us."

F. Coverdale, Maquokata, la., Feb.
11, '05. "Your Zones are certainly
wonderful. "

The Way to get Tbero is to

Get Tberr) Rigbt Now

Mail a Dollar Bill or any kind of a Dollar, with address and I will do

rest.— Thanks.
W. B. HOUSE, M. D. DeTour, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

93

THE 1 1=2 STORY,

FOUNTAIN
PEN

has the
^^LUCKY CURVE^^

The "lucky curve" is a curve in
the feed pipe that brings its inner
opening out against the inside of
the barrel of the pen, and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of the
feed-pipe when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage. At the same time
the feed-pipe is kept moist with
ink and ready for business-
There are other good features
about the Parker. One is the al-
most impossibility of breaking
the handle. If it breaks from
any cause within a year a new^
one is sent free.

Mr. N. E. France, General Man-
ager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, has carried a Parker
pen for years, and "swears by it,"
so to speak. I have carried one
now for a year myself, and can
truthfully saj' that I have derived
more satisfaction from it than
from any other fountain pen that
I have ever carried, and I have
tried several other kinds. I offer-
ed this pen last year in connection
with the Review, and sold a large
number of them, and I don't know
of a dissatisfied customer. If there
is, I want to hear from him.
There are plenty of pens that I
might offer for Jr.oo and make
more monej' than I am making o.i
the Parker, but I care more to
furnish my subscribers a good
article :(t a fair profit, than to
make a big profit on a cheap pen.
There are different styles of
pens varying in price from J1.50 to
$10.00, depending upon the finish
of the handle. My pen cost $2 00
and, so far as practical use is con-
cerned, is the equal of any; and I
have made arrangements where-
by I can send the Rbview one
year, and one of the $2.00 pens,
for only $2.50. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed, or money
will be refunded.

W, Z, HUTCHINSON,
Flint, Michigan.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New v^^.alogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

147-149 Cedar I^ake Road

8-frame hives, either plain, or bee-way
supers, Si. 00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 lb shipping- cases, $13.00
for 100; 12 ft $8.00 for 100; 20 ft Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with orders of $5.00 or
over. Send for free list.

W. D. SOPEK,
R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

The Bee and Honey Co.

Wishes to sell you all of the
bees and queens that you may
need the coming- season.

Catalog describing the six
different races of bees that we
breed, sent free. Get our
prices before buying.

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,
2-05-tf BeeviHe, Tex.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be .sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

Leather - Colored and Carniolan

QUEENS,

mated with improved, Italian
drones, at 50 cents each. For
full particulars send for circular.

CHARLES KOEPPEN,
6-04-tf Fredericksburg, Va.

94

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

The Best Bee Goods in the World
ARE LEWIS GOODS

ARE

BUY YOUR

EEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

JO [^^_^

IWATCRTOWN,

WISi

MAKES THE FINEST

SEND FOR NEW CATALOGUE

NEARLY 100 PAGES

G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS.

I^ake Youp Ow^n Hives.

3ee ^ Keepers

Will save money by
usiti*^ our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO.B&RNESCO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

H^

!^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

95

|immnfiiriffli«mnmiBiiiiiiiiifmiiiii:Bii!iiiiii«miimifiii'iiiii"iiiiiiinp"iiiiini ii"«

• BmJ, ■'hiiiLJI..i::.i<'iii.<ll :.l'.: •: ri'*'!! S . <' ■ . : Bi.:.:' I ■

■iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiia

■iiiiiiiiwiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiBiii

mi ■"""■

I Prompt Shipments, H South Western

■llllllf
■iiiiiii

Are what you want and we
can make them. Send in your
orders and be convinced that
we can do it. WISCONSIN
BASSWOOD FOR SEC-
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED
HIVES made by ourselves
now. A full line of supplies
for bee-keeping- on hand.

MaFshfield IVIfg. Co.

IWaFshfield, Wis.

ma iiiiniiB.'mimfiiiiiflniiiiimiiiiiiiiiniiiiiriiininiinniiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiigimmii!

-lii.nir' i ., I m- ..n' i L.ii;d|iiiiiii;'|iiii>:i<ii.i..ruiiii<ii:!'liiiiini» lu ■

Roofs Goods at
Root's Prices

SAVE MONEY ||

Get our prices on all Bee- Keepers' f i!!!i|

Supplies before you buy. Send for tiiiii

Catalog We carry a full line, and i»f!

will not be undersold. I:;;;;!

■iiiiila

HONEY CANS AND FOUNDATION |:;|:i

— We repre.sent the American Can Co. |iiiili|

in Texas, as their sole and exclusive |;::!l

agents for honey cans. We also han- iiiiiii|

die Dadant ^ Son's world-famous s;'^\M

Comb Foundation, exclusivly. Get |iiiiii|

our prices before buying. ii:;;;|

BEES AND QUEENS, in any |"|

quantity at all seasons ot the year. j|i|ij

l,et us quote you. | J

HONEY AND BEESWAX bought |"i'|

and sold. We will buy your honey iiHii

crop; and we especially want your |"""|

beeswax at the highest market price. liiii

Bllllll|

THE GRAHAM - HYDE BEE CO., ill

San Antonio, Texas. til

fiiiiiii

H. H. Hyde Mgr. 1-05-51 |:;;ij|

iiiainiiiiiiBiiiniiiii

■innnaiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiniii

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

Large and complete stock on hand
at all times. I,ow freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pou«acr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOI^IS, IND.

■iiiiiiiiigiiiiiiiinijiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiaiii

Dittmet^'s ill

Foundation 11

Biiiiiia

Is the Best. 11

.,,1,11, II, I ^iiiii^i mill ailllllB

Will tell you WHY. If you |""|

will send for Free Catalog iiiiiii

and Samples. |p|

Early Order Discount on |iiiiii|
Full Line of Supplies. |„|

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. lima

Working Wax into Founda- r :|
tion for Cash a Specialty. |iiiii|

pililB

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole |:;:|

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's |iiii|i|

Foundation. |i;:;;|

|iiiiii|

Gus. Dittrner, pi

Au«rustz^, - - Wisconsin |„|i||

em BiniiiniB iiig i!i|j|iiiiiiieiiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiiiai>«iiiiieniiiiiijg i""'""||iiiiii|

BUUUB""""!!

iiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiinaiiiiiJuwyi

96

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

There is a growing demand
for a feeder that can be used for
simulative feeding- in spring; one
that can be left under the hive
all summer, and one that can be
used at all times without excit-
ing robbing. The

erstiviaH

FEEDEf?

Dovetailed Hive Showing the
Mastnian Feeder in Position.

fills the bill. We show one in
place, one standing on end and
one on cover.

TtO-TOMfinTP Bee-Hives, Sectio
Ur lU Unii. Comb, Bee Veils,

ions. Fences, Smokers, Foundation
Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Supplies, manufactured and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

I CAH SEIiIi GOODS CHEflPEH

than the majority of dealers
can furnish them, and here
are some of the reasons why: I am in the heart of the lumber regions,
where lumber is cheap and there is no freight to pay; I am in a small
country town where labor is cheap; I have new, up-to-date labor-sav-
ing machinery run bj' water r)ower — the cheapest power in the world.
Not only will I sell goods cheaper, but I will pay the freight to Chi-
cago, St. Paul or Minneapolis, on shipments passing through those
points. Send for my catalog and get my prices before ordering.

THE RURAL BEE KEEPER

A monthly bee journal devoted to the interest of the Bee Keepers of America will teach
you how to make money with Bees. May number tells about feeding bees. July is de-
voted to Queen Rearing; August to marketing honey. September to preparation for winter;
October, the wintering problem. I aim to give big value for your money. Swarming, and
how it is being controlled to the cash benefit of the Bee Keeper, is the subject upon which
the June number treats. It will be the purpose of the Rural Bee Keeper to champion the
cause of the small country bee keeper, to show him the way to make money out of bees,
b}? first showing how to produce the greatest amount of choice honey in the shape that
will bring the best cash return with the least expense, and later will show him how to
cash his crop. Subscribe now. Begin with the first issue and get fifty dollars worth of
good sound information in one year for fifty cents.

IN THE FRONT RANK

W.H.Putnam. Beverly, N. J., July xy, :904.

River Falls, Wis.
Dear Sir:—

I must congratulate you on the reading matter you have in the Rural Bee Keeper, it
is all that could be desired, and just what I have been wanting. I take seven Bee papers
and consider yours only equaled by Gleanings and the Review. Every number so far has
been worth more than the subscription price to me. I do not see how you can fail if the
present standard is kept up. Wishing you success, I remain,

Yours truly,

James T. Fennell.

W. H. PUTNAM, River FaUs, Wis.—

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are niade according to
these rules:

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straieht, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

KANSAS CITV— We quote as follows: Fancy
white, II to ii^c; No. i white $2.75 per case; No.
2 white, $2.60; fancy amber $2. 50; white, extract-
ed 6J^c; amber 6c; beeswax 28 to 30c.

WAIvKER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Mch. 8, 1905. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo

CINCINNTATI— There is little, if any, improve-
ment in the honey market here since our last
quotation. We hope to render a more encourag-
ing report soon .

We quote amber extracted in barrels and
cans at 554 to 6^c. White clover at 7 to 8c; fancy
white comb honey at 12 and 13c: beeswax 28c.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Mch. 10-05 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

PHILADEI,PHIA— Since our last quotations,
honey has been gradually declining, and at the
end of the season for comb honey especially,
commission men and holders are offeiing at most
any pi ice to clear out their stock. We quote
as follows: Fancy white 14c; No. i, 11 to 12c;
amber 11 c; white extracted 7 to 8c; amber,
5 to 6c; beeswax 280. We are producers of honey
and do not not handle on commission.
WM. A SEI^SER,
March 10, 1905. 10 Vine Street,

Philadelphia, Pa.

CHICAGO — No material change from our quo-
tations in last issue except that we have moved,
during the past month, a good deal of Colorado
Comb Honey, and are almost entirely cleaned up
on Wisconsin stock.

If producers still have honey to ship, we advise
letting it come forward.

Demand for strained honey limited, and sup-
ply equal to demand. We quote as follows:
Fancy white, 13c; No. i white 11^ to I2j4c;
white, extracted 6J^ to 7c; amber 6 to 6J4c; bees
wax 28 to 30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.,

189 South Water St.
March 7, 1905. Chicago, 111.

ttANSAS CITY— Market teJuains dull and in-
active, and we do not look for any particular
change here soon. We quote as follows: Fancy
white |2.6o per case; white extracted 5 to 7c;
beeswax 28c.

C. C. CI^EMONS & CO..
March 7, 1905 Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO — There has been somewhat of an
increase in the number of sales during the past
four weeks, yet the volume, has not been large,
while prices are if anything lower than in Janu-
ary, especially on other grades than white
clover. Fancy grades of white comb, bring 12^
to 13c; No. I, I2C, with some off in color, 8 to loc;
extracted white 6 to 7c, amber 5^ to 6J^c, the
price being governed by quality, flavor and
package. Beeswax if clean and good color 30c
per lb

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Mch. 8, 1905. 199 So. Water St.

BUFFAI<0— Strictly fancy one-pound comb
honey sells fairlj well at 13 to 14c, but all other
grades must be cut hard to move, but can be sold
if so cut. Can use some fancy comb. Fancy white
13 to 14c; No. I white, 11 to 12c; fancy amber 9 to
loc; No. I amber 8 to 9c; fancy dark 8 to 9 c; No.
I dark, 7 to Sc; white extracted, 4 to 6c; beeswax
28 to 30c.

BATTERSON & CO.,
Feb. 6, 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

NEW YORK — Trade is very quiet especially on
comb. Have abundant stock and would not
advise shipping at this time. ^Ve quote as fol-
lows: Fancy white 13 to 14c; No. i white 11 to
I2c; fancy amber loc; fancy dark 9 to loc; white,
extracted 6 to 6J^c; amber 5% to 6c; dark 5c;
beeswax 29c.

HII^DRETH & SEGEIvKEN,

82-86 Murray St,
March 6, 1905. New York.

TOliEDO — The demand on comb honey is bet-
ter for the last two weeks than it has been at
any time during the winter. We quote fancy
white honey at i2^c to 13c; No. i, iic to 12c;
amber 9 to loc. Extracted, white clover, in
barrels, 6^ to7c: in cans 7]/i to 8c. Amber ex-
tracted in barrels, 5 to 5J4. Beeswax 25 and 28c
Would state that there is a good demand at pres-
ent for dark amber extracted honey and we
would advise any that have it to sell, to dispose
of it as soon as possible. The market on comb
honey is getting pretty well cleaned up, and we
look for no large receipts during the remainder
of the season.

GRIGGS BROTHERS,
March 6-'05 Toledo, Ohio,

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 Page Catalogue describing
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing needed in the Apiary.

Special low prices on Brood Frames

and Shipping Cases. Beeswax

wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.

2-'05-tf

m

Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo.

til
ts

P^

PQ

pm

lO OUf^ CflTALiOG FOH 1905 ^^

^^ is now on the press. If you wish a cop}' at once drop us a postal. is^*
1^^ It takes some time to print and mail to our list of 250,000 bee-keepers. CQ

(h THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio ^

WE WERE AWARDED A= M
ON OOH BEE-KEEPER'S SUPPliIES ^

AT ST. LOUI5, 1904. M

Also at Paris Exposition, 1899, and Trans-Mississippi Exposition sAA
at Omaha, 1900. Hig^hest awards at World's Fair. Chicago, and JV^

Wi

a

P^

Pm
Pm
Pm

ROOT'S GOODS ARE PRIZE WINNERS
SOLD THE WORLD OVER.

Assiniboia

Austria

Australia

Barbados

Belgium

Bohemia

Brazil

British Guiana

British Honduras

Cape Colony

Chili

China

Cuba

Doni. Republic

Egypt

England

France

Gennanj'

Grenada

Hayti

Holland

Hungary

In all States and Possessions of the United
Provinces of Canada.

AND ARE

ndia
Ireland
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Manitoba
Mexico
Montserrat
Natal
Norvvay
Palestine
Russia
Rhodesia
Scotland
Siam
Spain
Swfden
Syria
Tasmania
Trinidad
Vaal Rive
Venezuela

States and

PM

m

BRANCHES:
Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street
Philadelphia, Pa , 10 Vine Street
New York City, N. V., 44 Vasey Street
Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee Street
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

BRANCHES:

St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street.
San .\ntonio, Texas, 1322 So Flores. St.
Washington. D.C., 1100 Maryland, av., S W
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.
Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lane

April, 1905.

At Flint, Michigan— $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBUSHED MONTHLY
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter al the Flint
Postofiice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 207

Terms — $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances— The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied ■with.

Flint, Michigan, April 15, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with —

Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40

Rural BeeKeeper ( .50) 1.35

Western Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( r.oo) 1.75

Farm Journal ( Phila) ( .50) 1.20

Rural New Yorker ( i.oo) i 85

The Century ( 4.00) 4.50

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ( i 00) 1.75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 4.00) 4.10

Harper's Weekly ( 4.00) 4.20

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i.oo) 1.90

Sviccps* ( i.cxj) 1.75

National Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.

To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. 111.

Vice President
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasure!

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn, Ont,
R. L,. Taylor, l,apeer, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM. A, Selser, Philadelphia. Pa.
G. M. DoOLlTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M Hambaugh, Escondido. Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

aaaaauau^am^^siauaamMMaa^aa

Names of Bee-Keepers i

a tyre: NA/Rr-rXEN B

m M

The namesof my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ,
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 pei 1000, but
I now havea type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at |2.oo. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46

Ark.... 82

Ala.. . 80

Calif... 378

Colo... 228

Canada 1200

Conn.. 162

Dak.. .
Del ... .
Fla....

Ga

Ind....
Ills....
Iowa..

25
18
100
90
744
1375
800

Ky

Kans. .

La

Mo

Minn ..
Mich. ..
Mats.. .

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y.. .
Neb.. .
N. J.
N. H.

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

• ■345

130

. 158

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon.. 109
Ohio... 130C

Perm .
R. I..
S. C...
Tenn .
Tex..
Utah..
Vt...
Va....

912

46

40

176

270

68

.205

182

W. Va....i78

Wash 122

Wis 620

W 7, HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

READ THIS AND

DO IT QUICK.

We have decided to increase the
size of our subscription list at once,
and to do this we make the following
oiler: To every person sending $i.oo
to this office not later than May ist,
1905, we will send the Western Bee
Journal for one year and an Adel
Queen free as a premium These
queens are reared in California by an
expert queen breedei especially for
us, and we believe them to be the
best race for all the Western part of
the United States. The price of one
Adel Queen alone is $1.00, so it can be
setn that we are giving you $2.00 in
value for only $1.00 in cash. Men-
tion this ad. and send your order at
once Queens will be sent as soon
as they are ready, unless otherwise
ordered.

Send lo cents for three (back num-
ber) samples — none free.

THE WESTERN BEE JOURNfll*

p. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor,

KINGSBURY, CALIFORNIA

Bee « Keepers

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer A^fj. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

g@°"Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

fio Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

tJ. MR\i DHUSHfl,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

STANDARD

AND

Poultry

ggg^Supplies

The best of everything for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest.

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS

Our 5o-page Catalog is ready. Send
for it. It's free.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Griggs Block

Toledo, Ohio.

98

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

planters scattered the world over
are willing to say under oath that
f^alzer's t arliest Vegetables are
from six to twenty days earlier tlian tlie earliest of their kind
produced from other seedsmen's seeds. Why J Because for
more than one-third of a century iSalzer's Seeds have been
bred up to earllness.

1 biff pks. Salzer's Scorcher Pea 10c

MB I 1 " " Karly Bird liadish 10c

Mm^^MM |1 " " Salzer'it Earliest Lettuce 10c

mmMr |1 " " Earliest Cucumber 10c

' 1 " " Earliest Beans lOe

1 " " 4th of July Sweet Corn 10c

(Six days earlier Ihan Peep O'Day)
1 " " Six Weeks Verbena 15c

Total 75e
Above seven packages of earliest vegetable and flower novelties posi-
tively have no equal on earth for earliness. If you wish the earliest,
finest vegetables for your home garden or for the market, Salzer
will produce them every time. We mail you above seven big packages,
together with our great plant and seed catalogue for S5c Stamps.

FOR 16c. POSTPAID
We mail to you our big catalogue with siillicient seed of cabbage, celery,
lettuce, onions, radishes and turnips to crow i)00:) luscious vegetables
and a package containing 11)00 kernels of beautiful (lower seeds besidesl

JOHN A.SALZER SEED CO., La Crosse, Wis.

^■^—^■—ilBHIIIBMIIIIIIIll

600,000

35c

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Either Golden or "Red Clover," before July at
the followitig prices:

1 6 12

Untested $ i oo | ,s oo S 9 oo

Warranted tested i 25 7 00 1300

Tested i 50

Select Tested 2 00

Breeders from $5 up 1 6 12

2-fraine nucleus (no queen) 52 50 $14 00 $27 00

When Queens are wanted with Nuclei add
price of any Queen wanted.

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901
Mr. J. D Blocher—

Dear Sir : I thought I
would let you know as to the results from the nu-
clei sent me. They were placed in ten-frame
h-ves, and are now in fine condition. From one
I removed 24 p' tinds of honey, and had to give
six of them more loom, as they were hanging
out. They have more than reached ray expecta

tions.

Yours Resp., E. K. Meridith

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending- your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1905
Cataloarue and Illustrated Price Dist — free for the asking-.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

99

M

as?

m

as?
as?

aS2

SAVING TWENTY=FIVE PER CENT.

You, Mr. Bee-keeper, are the one that is mostly
interested. You want to save all you can on your
supplies, but you want g^ood goods. That is exactly
what we are doing. We are turning out the best
goods possible and sell 25 per cent, cheaper than
others.

Send us your orders and they will be shipped
promptly.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power BIdg. Minneapolis, Minn.

M

m

■sm

m

The Wood Bee Hive
and Box Co.,

Lansing, - Michigan

gives two per cent,
discount until April
15 on the best Dove-
tailed Hive made.
Price, only $1.25 on
a story and half hive.
200 secon d-h and

hives for sale cheap.

12-04-tf

INCREASE is a handsome little book telling
how to form new colonies without break-
ing stocks. A simple, sure, satisfactory
plan. 25c.
BABY NUCLEI tells how to mate many
queens from sections with a mere handful
of bees. 42 pages, 20 pictures. Plain,
cheap, simple. 50c.
QUEENS and QUEEN REARING OUTFITS
FOR SALE Golden-all-over and Cauca-
sian Queens. Circulars Free.

E. Ij. PRATT, Swarthmore, Penn.

Texas Queens.

From The Cotton Belt Apiaries. Queens, from
May ist to Nov. ist: One untested, 75 cents; 6 for
$4.00, 12 tor $7.50, 24 for I12.00, 50 for $23.50, 100
or 500 for I45.00 per hundred. Tested Queens,
$1.00 each; breeders, the very best, $3.00 each,
straight 5-band breeders $5.00 each.

Send for circular and price list which gives
full information . Don't wait; place your orders
early. Queens ready to go May ist.

DENTON & RIBBLE,
4.05-it Roxton, Tex.

YELLOWZONES

White Poplar

Four-piece sections for $2.70 to $3.00
a thousand. Write for circular and
price-list of other supplies. 4-05-3t

W. H. NORTON, Skowhegan, Me

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

100

I "DflDANT'S FOUNMTIOH"

I IT EXCELS.

i We Guarantee Satisfaction.

it)

i BEE=SUPPLIES

M OF ALL KINDS.

S Beeswax Wanted at all times.

H^^S c^^ t^^ t^^ e^^

g A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids,

g Agents for Michigan.

1 DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

^i^

^°€

Dirj niQfnilNT^ on Bee Supplies, Berry Boxes
DlU UIOVUUll 1 O and Crates now while we can
serve you promptly. Address

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO., Formerly

R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Send for

1905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich.

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz. f
Hive — The
Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

An Extractor with Slip-Gear and Foot-Brake

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVIIL FLINT, MICHIGAN, APRIL 15, 1905. NO. 4.

BY W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

^HE A, I. Root Co. is now g-etting
^ out some new, automatic, reversi-
ble, honey extractors, and furnishing'
small g'asoline engines to run the
larger sizes. Scattered over the coun-
try are many of the old style, two-
and four-frame, automatic, reversible
Cowan extractors. Some of these are
furnished with a brake, but it must be
operated by the hand instead of the
foot, and none of them are furnished
with a"slip-gear, " by means of which
the reel can be allowed to revolve free
from the friction and rattle of the
gearing.

Last fall, when visiting Mr. James
Heddon, of Dowagiac, Michigan, I
took a photog'raph of his honey ex-
tractor which he has changed over and
improved on the points which I have
mentioned. In the first place, the cen-
tral shaft, that carries and supports
the reel, is lengthened and extended
down through the bottom of the ex-
tractor, and runs in a bearing- fastened
to the floor. The extractor is securely

fastened to a platform about a foot
in height. Beneath this platform is a
brake that is arranged as follows:
Two wooden wheels, perhaps a foot in
diameter are placed below the extractor,
the shaft passing through their centers.
The upper wheel is firmly attached to
the shaft; the lower one is fastened to
the upper side of the inner end of a
piece of two-inch plank, perhaps 2^
feet in length, the plank resting upon,
and turning on a fulcrum, or pivot,
placed upon the floor underneath it, at
about its middle. The outer end of the
plank projects slightly beyond the
platform upon which the extractor
stands. If the foot is placed upon the
outer end, the inner end tips up, after
the fashion of a teeter-board, and
brings the two wooden wheels together
with great force, stopping the reel as
quickly as it is possible without doing
some injury. To hold the extractor in
place, and allow this pressure to be
exerted, a piece of timber, perhaps six
inches square, extends from the floor

102

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

above, down upon the cross-bar to
which the gearing' is attached.

The bearings for the crank-shaft are
removed, and new holes made for the
bolts that hold them to the cross-bar,
and then replaced in such a position
that the shaft can be slipped back so
as to throw the gear wheels out of con-
nection. To hold the wheels in gear a
metal fork is attached to a piece of
spring-metal fastened to the piece of
timber that holds down the extractor.
The spring holds the prongs of the
fork each side of the shaft, and when
the fork is in this position the wheels
are held in gear. A handle attached
to the spring allows the operator to
easily and quickly pull back the fork
and catch it against the shaft-bearing,
where it remains securely, until a
slight touch releases it, when the
spring forces it back upon the shaft,

where it again crowds the cog wheels
into gear.

The management is as follows: A
set of combs is upcapped, placed in the
extractor, the motion run up to a high
speed, then the crank-shaft slipped out
of gear, when the heavy combs and
reel will spin like a top; silently but
effectually emptying the combs while
the operator is busy uncapping mote
combs. When he has half enough
combs uncapped for another set, if the
reel has not stopped revolving, he
places his foot on the brake, stopping
it initnediately, and reversing the pock-
ets, when the gears are again slipped
together, the speed run up, the gears
slipped apart and the reel allowed to
spin while the rest of the set of combs
is being uncapped.

Flint, Mich., March, 26, 1905.

BY E. F. ATWATER.

^7HE May and June numbers of the
T^ Review for 1904 were especially
interesting to me, because of the articles
on "shook-swarming and comb honey
production" by E. D. Townsend. I
have quite a number of the regular
Heddon Hives, of eight-frame width,
also the same thing nine frames wide,
and one inch deeper than the standard
Heddon. So when Mr. Townsend ad-
vised hiving on a Heddon case, full of
comb, with an empty case beneath, and
one or more supers with full sheets of
foundation and "bait-combs" above, I
immediately put the method to a prac-
tical test, in my "Shepard" yard,
three miles east of Star, Idaho.

TROUBLES THAT SOMETIMES COME WHEN

SWARMS ARE HIVED ON COMBS

INSTEAD OF STARTERS.

I followed Mr. Townsend's advice,
to the letter, on a number of colonies.
On my next visit to this yard, six days
later, imagine my surprise, upon ex-
amining the hives, to find that most of
these shook-swarms had partially, or
wholly, neglected the comb-honey
supers, filled the Heddon combs with
honey and a little brood, and built
comb from the bottom-bars of the set of
Heddon combs, nearly or quite filling
the empty case with new comb honey,
and brood ! Then, again, imagine the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

103

sticky job I had on my hands, and how
much better it would have been to have
filled that empty Heddon case with
frames supplied with small starters;
for even though the plan failed, the
combs built would have been in shape
to use.

Yes, the bees went into the supers
with a rush when the lower case was
removed, but they were, even then, a
week or more behind swarms hived on
the Hutchinson-Gill plan; that is, on
starters rather than combs.

At the next visit to this yard, these
shook-swarms, on the Townsend plan,
were ag-ain inspected, for past experi-
ence in hiving- swarms on combs, led
me to fear trouble, and — I found it.
Several had started queen cells with
intent to swarm again. This is so often
the case here, that it is sureU' folly for
me to continue longer in my efforts to
secure best results by hiving on combs,
(and this regardless of whether or not
contraction is practiced) in m}^ comb
honey yards.

It can be managed successful}^ in a
locality like this, only by hiving with a
ripe cell or a virgin queen; and, in this
case, sealed brood, a la Aikin, is far
better than empty combs; however, I
use the Aikin plan very little.

Full sheets of foundation also have
been thoroughly tested for several
seasons, but too many colonies will
try to swarm again; so, after making
hundreds of shook-swarms, during a
period of several years, hiving on
combs, full sheets, and starters, I
knoiv that it is best for me (with my
present knowledge) to hive on starters
hi the brood frames, usually giving
one or two combs of honey or brood to
the forced swarm. Such colonies sel-
dom desert (I clip my queens); and
never, so far as I can remember, has
any such colony prepared to swarm
again, the same season.

ADVANTAGES OF USING STARTERS.

By hiving on starters it is seldom nec-
essarj' to examine the brood-nest

afterwards, until one wishes to see
that the combs if not perfect, are made
so. Combs so-built sag less, and are
more satisfactory, in regard to getting
brood reared close to the top bars,
than are the average combs built on
full sheets of foundation.

DRAWN COMBS ALL RIGHT IN HIVING

SWARMS WHEN WORKING FOR

EXTRACTED HONEY.

When I sometimes have occasion to
make shook-swarms in any of the ex-
tracting yards, either full sheets or
combs are entirely satisfactory.

GETTING POLLEN IN THE SECTIONS
WHEN USING SHALLOW BROOD-
NESTS.

Mr. Townsend seems to obtain satis-
factory results by hiving in a hive only
534^ inches deep; or, at least, he says
nothing about any difficulty from pol-
len being stored in the sections; but,
in this locality I have had many a nice
section (even entire supers of sections)
spoiled by pollen when above such
shallow brood-nests; and there is no
preventive when a single shallow
case is used. So, I had made two
hundred Heddon cases, one inch deeper,
and nine frames wide. With these
there is less pollen above, but too much,
still. One of m}' good neighbors, who
has had an extensive experience for
thirty years, or more, was quite well
pleased with a popular, 7>^-inch,
closed-end frame, 10-frame hive, but at
last settled on a hi /e containing ten
shallow Hoffman frames, 7% inches
deep, having more comb space in the
brood-nest, than the standard eight-
frame hive; but when I called on him,
and found him casing hone}', I was
surprised at the large number of sec-
tions which had to be discarded, owing
to one or more cells of pollen. This
would indicate that it is the shallow-
ness of the hive, rather than the small
size, which tends to throw pollen into
the sections.

104

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

FORTELLING SWARMING WITH LOOSE,
HANGING FRAMES.

Mr. Townsend dwells upon the ease
with which the two sections of the
Heddon hive may be pried apart, and
queen-cells seen, and, true it is, but
the principle is not inapplicable to some
other hives, as I shall show. Again,
in the December, 1904, Review, Mr.
Luding-ton, tells of his closed-end
frame hives, with hinged floors, which
may be dropped, and queen-cells easily
seen. True, but the standard L.
hives, with either Hoffman or loose-
hanging frames, are also well adapted
to this plan of fortelling swarming, as
I know from extensive practice. Since
1898, or 1899, where, (I believe) I
learned the trick in the apiaries of my
friend and early instructor, Mr. Thos.
Chantry, then of South Dakota. The
plan is as follows: Draw the hive

forward about an inch on the bottom
board, hold the bottom down with the
one foot, then tilt the hive backward
until you have a perfect view of the
bottoms of the combs. Drive the bees
up with a little smoke, and separate
the bottoms of the combs rapidly, with
the fingers, when you can easily see if
there are any queen-cells in the hive,
even if they are well-up among the
combs. So you see that deep, closed-
end frames are a detriment for rapid
foretelling of swarming, as they cannot
be separated by the fingers to make it
easy to see well-up among the combs.
So, for our 250 or 800 colonies of in-
creaseinour comb honey yards for 1905,
we will use the standard, eight-frame
hive of L. size, hiving on starters only,
and say, with M. A. Gill, and tens of
thousands of others, "Blessed be the
name of L<angstroth. "

Meridian, Idaho, Jan. 10, 1905.

!i'r«^^>:^^<;^

BY ARTHUR G. MILLER.

PROGRESSIVE, modern bee-keep-
ing demands a comprehensive
system of records; one that shows the
work to be done as well as what has
been done. The ideal system must be
elastic and simple, yet rapid in opera-
tion.

To reach these ends requires the use
of the best mechanical devices, and the
elimination of every bit of information
not absolutely essential.

The "card system" has, with me,
proved to be the best mechanical
device, and far superior to any book.
It lends itself readily to any and every
sort of elassification, enables one to
dispense with much copying, and is
refreshingly mobile. But with this, as
with any other system, it is essential
that the user has a clear conception of

what he wishes to record, and why.
Furthermore, the signs or symbols used
for such records must be as simple as
possible, readily understood and diffi-
cult of misinterpretation.

The appliances consist of an assort-
ment of cards and a tray or box for
holding them in an upright position.
There are three sorts of cards: "Guide
cards," having "tabs" or protections
in the upper edges, carr3'ing names,
letters, or numbers; "Record cards"
for the actual records; "Flag cards,"
so designated because they are used as
signals.

reasons for keeping records.

Before describing these cards in de-
tail I must digress a little and refer to
a system of classification. The basis
for this must be the matter to be re-

THE BEE-ICEEPERS' REVIEW

lOS

corded, and the use to be made of such
records. First, I want to know the
g'eneral condition of each colony as
it relates to its ability to produce.
Second, I want to know what and
when anything is to be done. Third,
I want to know, for how much of the
results the queen is responsible.

Also, I want to be able to g'O directly
to the colony desired, and, further, if I
change queens or colonies about, I
want to keep track of it without a lot
of copying or confusing change of
numbers.

I reach these ends in this manner:
The colonies in each apiary are ar-
ranged in rows and each stand is num-
bered. The number is permanent and
unchanged so long as the yard is used

order. Behind these "stand guides"
go the records of the queens and col-
onies on the stands. The record cards
are ruled so as to facilitate the record-
ing, and, to still further simplify this
work, and at the same time get rid of
any confusing symbols, I use a series
of numbers to denote conditions.

HOW TO USE THE CARDS.

I mentally group the colonies into
three classes, namely, "Good," "Fair,"
"Poor." To designate these condi-
tions I use the numbers 1, 2 and 3. If
a colony is exceptionall}' good or poor,
I use an "X" in connection with the
number. That is all that it is neces-
sary to have on a record card to enable
one to tell whether or not that colony is

TRAY FOR HOLDING CARDS.

for bees. If one has many colonies in
a yard, location of numbers can be
made more readily if each row con-
tains a certain number of stands. For
example, 1 to 50 in the first row, the
second fifty in the second row, and so
on. Then if the rows are broken by
an extra space after every tenth hive,
it is but the matter of an instant to
locate any particular stand. So much
for the yard part of it.

HOW TO ARRANGE THE CARDS.

The cards to fit this arrangement are
fixed as follows: First there is put
into the tray a card bearing the name
of the apiary. Next there are arranged
a series of guides bearing numbers
corresponding to the stand numbers.
These guides are permanent in their

to be a honey producer. I care not
whether a colony has 8, 9 or 10 frames,
or two or three sectional brood cham-
bers, or whether so much brood and so
much honey is present, I only want to
know the result of the combination of
these factors. The queens' qualities
are classified in the same way.

It will be seen that by this system
only three numbers are used to desig-
nate a host of conditions, their signifi-
cance resting on the particular column
in which they appear. On the record
cards are put only those matters which
will be of permanent interest. All
transient matters, such as feeding, re-
queening, forced swarming, uniting,
etc., are cared for with the flag-cards.

The "colony record" card is ruled

106

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

horizontally the same as ordinary note
paper, and then the left half, or a little
more than one-half, is ruled verticallj',
giving' seven narrow, upright columns.
and one quite wide column at the
right. Tlie first column is for the date
of inspection; the second is for the
"grade" of the colony (i. e its work-
ing ability); the third contains the
queen's number; the fourth the amount
of extracted honey yielded; the fifth
the amount of comb honey; the sixth
column is for aid given to the colony,
and the seventh for aid taken from it.
The balance of the space at the right is
for "remarks" of any sort.

The "queen record" cards are blue
in color. They bear on the top line,

end of the card, occupying a trifle more
than half the card. The first column
is for fecundity; the second, vigor; (de-
termined by the age of the queen and
life-period of her bees, also their win-
tering qualities); the third is for tem-
per; the fourth for "grade" of work
based on quantity of honey her colony
produces; the fifth for quality of comb
work; the sixth is for the date; and
the seventh for the number of the
stand she is on.

Inkeeping traclv of honey yields, each
super, as it is removed, has tucked into
it piece of section on which is penciled
the stand-number from which the super
is taken. In the honey-house these
bits of sections receive a memo, of the

h^tt

G

a

f^li

C^f

A

Ren^arK^

7///?

/

7C

V?/5

3e>

"^Ao/py

Y/

9io/t>Y-

2^

COLONY RECOD CARD.

at the left end, the queen's origin; next
the date she was hatched, and at the
right hand end is her number. (She is
known by the same number as long as
she lives.) On the next line at the left
is the record of her mating if known.
If the drone parentage is known, his
mother's number is put there; if not
known, just the letter "P" or "H" in-
dicating a "pure" or "hybrid" mat-
ing. Below these two horizontal lines,
the card is ruled the same as the
"colony record" cards, that is seven
narrow, upright columns at the left

amount of honey, and are tossed into
a box for future use. At leisure these
records are transferred to the cards.

The flag cards are narrow strips tall
enough to project above the guides
and are of various colors, to denote
special classes of work. For example,
blue flags are used for all matters re-
lating to queens from the egg onward.

Flags for work to be done, are placed
behind the stand "guide" of the col-
onies to be worked upon, and are
placed at the extreme left of the tray.
When the work is done, they are slid

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

107

over to the right hand side. At night,
the flags in this latter position are re-
moved, and if the results of the w^ork
they called for demand permanent
record, the facts are noted on the
record card. Work "in transit," as
when a queen cell is given, and we
want to keep track of the case, have
flag moved only to the middle, and there
it remains until the matter is properly
settled.

Sometimes these flags bear a little
penciled memorandum of specific work
to be done; or, sometimes, while at
work it is expedient to pencil on the
flag the result of some operation or
memo, for future use, but, as a rule, a
pencil is seldom used in the yard; nor

the work progresses. Or a small tray
bearing only a duplicate set of num-
bered guides is used, and the flags
put in these before setting out. Cards
are held close together to prevent flags
from shifting during transportation.

EXPENSE OF AN OUTFIT.

The outfit is not expensive. A neat
tray costs only $1.00; the guide-cards
cost only 60c a hundred, and the record
cards $1.25 a thousand ruled across
only. The vertical ruling is printed in
at the same time the lettering is
printed; or it may be done by hand as
I did mine.

If colonies are wintered in a cellar,
then it would be necessary to attach a

v.ni. "iL ^ lyM A/o,^i

p/s- o /

F

V

T

\

V

ba.te

$

w?

7

1

Vo/^

/

2

y„u

/

?

^A/oy

OUEEN RECORD CARD.

are the records handled by sticky
fingers. When the flags are soiled
they are thrown away.

When a colony is moved to another
stand, a flag with the two numbers on
it is tucked into the tray, and, later,
the record cards are transferred. The
same is done when a queen is moved.
When a queen is sold, or dies, her
her record goes into a "dead" file in
its numerical order.

In using the record, the tray is stood
in some handy spot and referred to as

duplicate of the stand-number to each
one to ensure their return to their
proper places.

I got my outfit from the Library
Bureau of Boston. It is rather too
heavy to go by mail, but, as they have
offices in all of the principal cities, it
should be possible for anyone to get a
similar outfit at slight expense in
expressage.

Providence, R. I., Oct. 12, 1904.

108

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

[an ©f Msuma^emmeKitc

BY L. STAGHELHAUSEN.

¥ITH interest I have read the article
of H. G. Sibbald in the March
Review, and j-oiir foot-note to it.

To pre/ent swarming- in this way is
very old, I tried the plan more than 20
years ago; and, in 18ft9, a little book,
written by Geo. Wurz, was published
in Germany, in which this plan to pre-
vent swarming- is explained exactly in
the same way; besides some other
plans are g-iven.

With me the plan did not work as
satisfactorily as the shook-swarm
plan. The swarm with this one frame
of brood, a few queen-cells, and mostly
old bees, is very dissatisfied; and the
bees, missing- the old queen, are hunt-
ing for her around the outside. If the
parent colony is nearby, they will find
it out, and will, in a larg-e degree,
enter this hive. The consequence is,
that the swarm is a weakling, and
in the parent colony the queen-cells
are not destroyed, because of the return
of the bees. To prevent this the parent
colony must be removed far from the
swarm, or be hidden by cloths or
boards. Nevertheless, a part of the
old bees will enter other hives; and,
with me, the swarm was always too
weak to do any super-work. To make
the colony work, it was necessary to
unite again as soon as possible; that
is, as soon as the queen cells were de-
stroyed, in about five or six days, if
everything worked all right.

But, after uniting, and with large
brood-chambers, as I prefer them, the
colony is not in a good condition for
storing honey in the sections. For
this purpose, the colony should be in
the condition of a very strong swarm,
and should have no empty cells in the
brood-chamber, in which honey can be

stored, at least, not till the work in the
sections is advanced considerably.

If increase is desired, and the two
colonies remain separated, the parent
colony can be removed far enough, so
that the bees can not find it any more;
but, in this case, the swarm with a
3'oung queen and mostl_v old bees is in
a very bad condition; and three weeks
afterwards will be a very weak
nucleus; and nothing else.

If moderate increase is wanted, it is
a much better plan to make three out
of two, as recommended by Doolittle
and others.

The swarm is in a better condition,
and the bees are more inclined to stay
in the hive, if the old queen is given to
the swarm, and at least some young
bees. We can do this by hunting up
the queen, but with less work by the
shook-swarm plan, and this is the
reason why I gave up this described
plan, and commenced to shake the
bees. In this case, too, it is not diffi-
cult to unite these two colonies again,
if tite manipulation has no other purpose
thati to prevent swarming ivhen queen-
cells are already started. If we find a
colony with queen-cells started, we
make a shook-swarm on the old stand,
the parent colony with enough bees
and the queen cells is set on top of this
hive with the flight hole in the opposite
direction. When one of the young
young queens is out of the cell and has
destroyed the other cells in the parent
colony we can reunite by manipulating
hives only. At evening we set the pa-
rent colony with the j'oung queen on the
place of the swarm, and one hour after-
wards every colony is placed again
on its old stand. Next morning we
will find that the young queen is

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

109

killed by the old bees of the swarm,
vphich returning- from the field entered
the parent colony during- that hour,
in which it occupied the place of
the swarm. Now we set a wire netting
on top of the swarm and the parent
colonj' on top of this, which netting
can be removed after six hours, and
the hive arranged in the way we want
it.

You think a colony arranged in this
way, or after the Sibbald plan, may
not stay cured of the swarming fever.
I do not know how it is in other locali-
ties, but here in Texas a colony will
not swarm during the main flow, if it
has no queen-cell, when this main
flow commences.

Another objection I have is, that it is

necessary to examine all colonies sev-
eral times to see whether they have
queen cells or not. I know that several
bee-keepers do the same thing, and
then use the shook-swarm plan. I do
not do such things. Before the main
honey-flow, I prevent swarming by
using large hives a la Dadant; and
when the main flow commences I bring
every colony, which is to produce
comb honey, to the condition of a
strong- swarm in a contracted brood-
chamber, by shaking and brushing,
not to prevent swarming-, but to create
the best possible condition for storing
honey in the sections, as you ex-
plained in your book: "The production
of comb-honey," about 18 years ago.
Converse, Texas, March 26, 1905

ers c^n Keep Bees ^y^ltli t)
Help ©f Tlieir dhiiM^eii«

BY MRS. GEO. JACKSON.

T^DITOR RP:vIEW, I have just fin-
J— ' ished reading "Some Difficulties
That Beset the Farmer-Bee-Keeper,"
by Mr. Fred. A. Krause. With his ex-
perience, probably his article is all
right, but, to us, it seems a little over-
drawn. There are a number of farmer-
bee-keepers near here, but we have
never seen where the bees had to be
neglected to the extent that Mr. Krause
neglected his; and there are many
things to be said in favor of farm-bee-
keeping.

First and foremost among them is,
that it is one of the greatest of helps in
keeping- our girls and boys contented
and happy on the farm. It gives them
profitable and pleasant employment.
If they are taught while young to like,
and be interested in, bees, taken intj
partnership and given a share of the

profits when older, there will be no
lack of help in caring for bees. At
least, that has been our experience.

While the average farmer is doing
well on his farm, making a living, and
perhaps a little more, our growing
youths' wants are many, often more
than father's pocket book can easily
supply, and yet, we must do for the
children while we have them to do for.
Childhood's years slip away too fast
for father and mother; and our little
ones, all too soon, want to try their
wings and flit from the home-nest. A
good farm-apiary will help wonder-
fully in keeping the pocketbook filled.
The honey money has brought into our
home-life a fine library of good books, a
piano, an extra horse and carriage,
bicycles, and many, many other pleas-
ures that have helped to make farm-

110

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

life beautiful; and I would say to any
farmer, or farmer's wife, "Don't let
the specialist idea discourage you. If
you haven't bees, get some; and keep
them as long as you have a child at
home. And, after the children are
gone, don't part with the bees. Per-
haps one of the little g'randchildren
may live with you.

Summit City, Mich., Mar. 22. 1905.

[I believe Mr. Krause said it was all
right for farmers to keep bees if there
were some member of the familj^ who
could do the work — some member who

could not do farm work, or did not
care to do it. I agree with Mrs. Jack-
son that where children can be en-
couraged to take an interest in bees
and care for them, it is all right; but I
don't see as it would be any better
than to encourage them and give them
a share in some of the regular farm-
work, providing, of course, it is such
as interests them, and that they can
take a part in it. If it isn't, then bee-
keeping is all right, and I see no ob-
jection to it in the light in which Mrs.
Jackson puts it. — Ed. Review.]

mP^^*F^^»^1iP^nt^'mni^^U'^t^»J>^i^V'^f^*^'^'^*'m>'^^*f'^^t^1tP'm^1iJ''mJ'^^^^^^^i^'M^*^^P^^*^1U'^^^M^^'MA^^^P^f»f^^*''m'*M'ii^^^^»

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rf»^iw«rf««^if^jTW*«^^^rf'^i^*"^^^«jrt«^^^***^*^M»^T«jr»«^jr«^^ir«ir^M^rf«^««'^ir«.^^*^^*'"i^«jr«,^»«»««jr«^^«^^»^<*my«^«jr^^^

Protection for bees after they are
taken from the cellar is something that
needs serious consideration. I know
of some bee-keepers who are this year
using building paper for this purpose,
and when the season is over I wish
they would let us know the results.

busy season is over with the bees,
when the weather is comfortable, even
in the South, and when cheap excur-
sion rates can be secured.

«*^^rf«^»«-«rf*

»^U»li^\l^«^«^^

The Next National Convention to be at
San Antonio, Texas.

For years, Texas has been asking
that the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation hold its convention within her
borders, but there has always seemed
to be some reason why the meeting
should be elsewhere. There is now no
reason why it should not be held in
Texas this year, if it is ever to be held
there. Texas is the largest State in
the Union, and stands at least second,
if not first, in honey production, while
she has a good list of members in the
National Association. Considering all
of these facts, the Executive Committee
has decided upon San Antonio as the
place for holding the next convention.
The exact date has not yet been
decided upon, but it will probably be
the latter part of October, after the

Why the Cliange in Cover.

Two or three years ago, for the
period of about a year, I used on the
Review, a cover similar to the one on
this issue. I liked the cover, but I
could get the paper only by having it
made to order; and then I had to buj^
enough at one time to last me a year.
This tied up quite a lot of money (for
me), besides, just at that time, I had
bought a new job press and was
greatly interested in color-printing,
doing work in two or more colors, and
the result was the cover that has since
graced the Review. In the last two
3'ears the Review has greatly increased
its subscription list, while the printing
office has been moved down town,
where the demands upon the job press
are very urgent, making it difficult at
times to run oft" the cover, which, as it
is now printed, requires four "runs"
to print it. By printing it in black
upon the large press the work can be

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

111

done with one "run;" besides, the
large press enjoys more leisure than
the small one. The last straw that de-
cided me to make the change was find-
ing where this beautiful, enameled,
g^olden rod paper was kept in stock,
and could be bought in any qudntities
at any time. As business increases, I
find there are many things that can be
done with a small business that are not
practical with a large business — all
"fussy" operations must be eliminated.

»«it".«,rf*^*«^

Raspberry Honey is White Honey.

In my article about Northern Michi-
gan, published in the Review for De-
cember, 1903, I said that the honey
from the wild, red raspberry could not
be classed as a strictly white honey.
Since then, several have written and
protested against my saying that it
was not white. Two samples have
been sent me. One is from Mr. E. D,
Townsend, who has his apiary in a
raspberry district, where the entire
surplus was from this source. The
sample is strictly water white. Mr.
Townsend suggests that what makes
some samples slightly colored is prob-
ably because brood has been raised up
into the upper story, and honey ex-
tracted from combs that have contained
brood. The sample that I saw that
caused me to say that raspberry honey
was not strictly' white, was produced
under exactly those conditions. I cer-
tainly have no desire to do any honey
an injustice, and I make room with
pleasure for this explanation.

Who invented the Wax Press?

Perhaps it would have been better,
in publishing Mr. Townsend's article,
describing his wax-press, to have said
that others had made and described
similar presses some years ago; notably
Mr. F. A. Gemmill, of Canada, and
Mr. C. A. Hatch, of Wisconsin. Long

ago the Review published an illustra-
tion and description of a press similar
to the one described by Mr. Townsend,
and called it the Hatch-Gemmill press,
as these two men seem to be the in-
ventors. Perhaps Mr. Townsend did
not know of this. Knowing Mr. Town-
send as I do, I know he would not
knowingly rob any man off a just due.
The press as Mr. Townsend has made
it, varies in detail from the Hatch-
Gemmill press, as shown in the Re-
view, but the principle must be the
same in all such presses. Some of the
details in the construction of the press,
and its management in rendering wax,
are quite important, and several have
written, since reading the Townsend
article, and expressed their thanks for
the benefits that have come to them
from its perusal. Mr. Hatch writes
that a square dipper is much better
than a round one to dip the wax off the
top. He also says that he would run
most of the wax directly into the forms
for the cakes, that is, not re-melt it, as
wax is not improved by being melted.

«T^^»ir»jrtrf^«^

Missouri Foul Brood Bill has been Vetoed.

Missouri bee-keepers have learned a
sad lesson, in that securing legislation
is much like going to war — no point
can be left uncovered or unconsidered.
As a rule, when a bill has passed both
houses of the legislature it is looked
upon as almost a law — that the Gov-
ernor will surely sign it. But the
Governor didn't. And he shows by
his veto that he wholly misunderstood
the true meaning and necessity of the
proposed law. Here are three para-
graphs clipped from his veto. I give
them to show how little the Governor
comprehends the real situation.

The measure illustrates the falla-
cious idea that the Government can do
more for the individual than the indi-
vidual can do for himself. Anyone in-
telligent enough to conduct a bee in-
dustry is certainly better qualified to

112

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

attend to them and manage his own
business than any State Inspector
could possibly be.

The is no magic in a State inspector-
ship of bees, or anything else to cure
the ills that may exist. It is said this
measure is asked for by the honey
raisers to suppress contagious diseases
among bees. But they can by meeting
together and exchanging ideas, do for
themselves what the State cannot do
through this bill. If all together they
are unable to cope with the situation,
how can one of them named as Inspec-
tor, do better ?

The principle of the measure is pa-
ternalistic and not in accord with the
democratic theory of government. The
Inpsector is authorized to go into any-
one's home, and if he should not like
the way the bee-hives are conducted
he could for some real or imaginary
disease annihilate the whole brood,
leaving the owner without remedy, but
for all of which the Inspector would
receive $4 a day.

The point that some men are igno-
rant regarding foul brood, not only
ignorant, but, perhaps prejudiced,
and will refuse to listen to instructions
from those who know, and continue to
keep diseased colonies until they per-
ish, and the neighboring bees carry
home the honey and the seeds of the
disease, that all this can happen yet
there is no law to compel them to get
rid of the disease, this point, the
pivotal point of the whole matter,
seems to have escaped the Governor's
notice. Had the bee-keepers seen to it
that some one in whom the Governor
had confidence had gone to him and ex-
plained this matter, the termination
would probably have been different.
I have written the Governor a letter.
It will probably do no good, but it cer-
tainly can do no harm. Bee-keepers
of Missouri will have their work all to
do over again in two years, and I feel
sure that this point will not be neglect-
ed next time.

*«J«rf»^R«'HKi^

A New Organization.
In this issue of the Review will be
found the Prospectus and Constitution

of a new organization — the Honey Pro-
ducers' League. A reading of the
Prospectus and Constitution will leave
little more to tell. I have been send-
ing out copies of this, and urging
manufacturers, dealers and bee-keep-
ers to help in this work. By reading
between the lines of some of the letters
that come to me, I can see that the first
obstacle is going to be a belief that
this organization is going to be a com-
petitor, or antagonistic, to the old
National — that it is designed to sup-
plant the older association. Nothing
could have been further from the minds
of the promoters of the League. The
desire is to work in the utmost har-
mony with the National — to be auxil-
iary to that, so to speak — to take up
a special line of work, that of adver-
tising and popularizing honey. As to
whether the new organization will be-
come a permanent institution remains
to be seen. It has a lot of big work to
do right now, and, if it does no more
than to kill the Wiley lie during the
next 3'ear, it will not have labored in
vain. No, friends, the National will
go on year after year, if rightly man-
aged, while circumstances alone will
determine whether the League shall
exist beyond its first year. If you have
any desire whatever to help improve
the honey markets, right now is when
you can do it, and never think for a
moment that you are thereby putting
down the grand old National.

Here is a list of those who have,
thus far, joined the League: Dr.
C. C. Miller, $10; Geo. W. York, $25;
Geo. C. Lewis (for G. B. Lewis Co.,)
$210; H. M. Arnd (for York Honey and
Bee Supply Co.), $15; E. Whitcomb,
$1; Arthur L. Boyden (for the A. I.
Root Co.), $610; E. Kretchmer (for
Kretchmer Mfg. Co.), $50; W. Z. Hutch-
inson, $13; C. P. Dadant (for Dadant
& Sons), $70; Griggs Bros., $11; F. A.
Salisbury, $30; Gus Dittmer, $22; J. A.
Green, $10; C. A. Hatch, $10; Robt. A.
Holekamp, $6; J. C. Davis, $5; John

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

113

Nebel & Son Supply Co., $18; Walter
Pouder, |;24; J. B. Mason, $12.

Of course, it must be understood
that the matter has onlj' now been
given to the public, and those who have
joined have done so throug-h private
correspondence.

««jr^ it"^^*^*^

Some Criticisms on the Sibbald Article.

In the correspondence department
will be found an article from Mr.
Hr. Stachelhausen, in which he shows
the short comings (as thej' appear to
him) of the Sibbald system of prevent-
ing swarming. In addition I clip from
private letters the following:

Mr. Thorne, Ottawa, Canada, fears
that the bees will swarm from the hive
on the old stand, when the iirst young
queen hatches. Mr. Sibbald says not,
and I should not expect it, as they
have lost most of their brood, and re-
covered from the swarming-fever.

Mr. J, A. Green, of Colorado, says:
The only flaw that I can see in the
Sibbald plan is that unless the queen
cell given the colony on the old stand
is already sealed, a poor queen is
likely to be the result, unless a greater
number of young bees is given than
will be found on one comb. Whether
the bees will work as well in the supers
as under the ordinary plan is a little
doubtful; that is something that must
be learned by experiment.

Morley Pettit, of Canada, says: Sib-
bald's idea is a good one, but I prefer
to manipulate the brood chamber so as
to avoid dividing the force at all, and,
in working for extracted honey, I can
do this to a large extent.

Another countryman of Mr. Sibbald
writes me quite a long letter on the sub-
ject. I am not sure that he cares to
have his name appear, so I will with-
hold it. Here are some of the things
he wrote: —

With yourself, I am inclined to doubt
whether the re-united colony will stay
cured of the swarming fever. With a
young queen at the head of the united
colony, I should expect no more
swarming, but, if the "old lady" were
left with a brood nest somewhat
crowded, I should be "suspicious."
Digressing a little, I would say that

in the production of extracted honey, a
similar plan works well when shook-
swarming is practiced. Five or six
days after shaking, destroy all queen
cells on the brood combs, and place
them as an extra super over the colonj'
on the old stand, All the force is
thus united, and there will be no more
swarming. The brood combs, when
filled with honey, are excellent for
winter-stores where one does not wish
to extract the honey on account of some
of it being dark. For two or three
years I treated some colonies in exactly
the same manner as Mr. Sibbald treat-
ed his, but I hadn't brains enough to
see its possibilities. However, I found
one very serious objection to it, and
that is, that, in some cases, the old
bees would find and join the old col-
ony; and, even when the working force
did stay at the old stand, the strength
of the colony was not nearly so great
as by the shaking process.

"Swarthmore, " of Pennsylvania,
says he has practiced the Sibbald
method for several seasons, and found
it O. K. The bees not onlj' tear down
the queen cells, but they also dig out
every bit of drone brood and dispose of
every live drone.

W. E. Flower, of Pennsylvania,
wishes to know if Mr. Sibbald con-
tracts the brood nest in the new hive
on the old stand. I think not. If I am
not correct, Mr. Sibbald can correct
me. — Ed. Revikw.

I am very glad of all this criticism.
If the system is not practicable, if it
has more disadvantages than advan-
tages, the sooner we know it the better;
and that is exactly the reason why I
urged Mr. Sibbald so hard to allow
me to publish it, that it might the
sooner be tested and tried. My advice
to all is to try it on a moderate scale
and see how it works.

«^u« ^^a^a^^ir^

Helping Weak Swarms in the Spring,

Last April the Review published an
article by Mr. E. W, Alexander, of
New York, in which he explained how
he saved weak colonies by setting them
over strong ones. I will quote from
his article the description of how the
work was done. It is as follows: —

114

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

After the bees have been taken from
the cellar, and had a g'ood flig^ht, we
commence at one side of the yard and
examine every colon3' carefull}'. Those
that are weak in bees, yet have a good
queen, we mark; and, as soon as they
have some larvae in their combs, which
is usually in about five days after set-
ting out, each is taken to a good, strong-
colony, and set on top, with a queen
excluding honey board between. If
there is no larvae at this time in the
weak colomy, I give it a frame from
the strong colony, so as to keep the
bees from leaving their queen, and all
going below. I close up all entrances
except that of the strong colony. The
bees will divide themselves about
equally between the two queens; and in
about four or five weeks I can separate
them, and, in nine times out of ten, I
have two, good strong colonies. For
20 years I have treated all of my weak
colonies in this way in early spring.
Sometimes I have had 100 weak colo-
nies on top of strong colonies, and I
don't lose five per cent. I think it a
much better way than to try to build
them up alone; as there is no trouble
from robbers, and no attention is re-
quired until it is time to separate them.
Don"t keep them tog^ether too long, as
the young bees, when over two weeks
old, are liable to sting one of the
queens.

When I published the foregoing
there was no doubt in my mind that it
would work out as Mr. Alexander said
it would, that the weak colonies would
be saved and build up, but I had a
lingering suspicion that the strong
colonies might lose as much as the
weak ones gained — that it was robbing
Peter to pay Paul — and I don't feel
sure yet that there is anything gained
except saving the queens of the weak
colonies; however, I am more than
willing to be convinced to the contrary,
and here is some more experience that
is certainly worth considering. I clip
it from a private letter written me by
Mr. J. A. Pearce, of Gr^md Rapids,
Mich. Mr. Pearce says: —

In regard to putting light swarms
on top of heavy ones, in the spring, I
believe it is a great thing. In fact, I
look upon it as one of the best
things brought to light in modern
bee-keeping. Last spring I had 16

swarms marked heavy, and just 16
marked light; in fact, so light that I
almost despaired of getting them up to
the honey harvest by any process; but
when that article by Mr. Alexander
came out in the April Review, telling
us how to save w^eak colonies by set-
ting them on top of strong ones, I con-
cluded it would work; so I placed the
whole 16 weak swarms on top of the l6
strong ones. I examined them some
three weeks afterwards, and such a
change I never saw I Those weak
swarms had built up so they were as
strong, if not stronger, than the ones
below; and had more honey, because
of the tendency to store above. I could
scarcely' believe that such results were
possible. Then, again, instead of de-
tracting in any way from the strong
swarms below, it really seemed to be
the reverse — as though they had been
stimulated b}' it to greater activity.
Having the two queens depositing
eggs, instead of only one, the bees
went out with a rush on all occasions
when they could get out. It also proved
another thing, which is, that the upper
queen is all right only she was handi-
capped for want of bees and warmth;
and, as soon as these conditions were
supplied, she proved herself to be as
prolific as her sister below, instead of
being the worthless thing that she had
been supposed to be,

I might add that that there were two
or three at the recent Grand Rapids
meeting of Michigan bee-keepers who
reported experiences similar to those
of Mr. Alexander and Mr. Pearce.

If a colony is very populous, so
much so that it could care for more
eggs than one queen could lay, I
should feel that the operation might
be a profitable one; and I admit now
that it is profitable in so far as it saves
the queen of the weak colony, but it is
reall3', in one sense, a division of the
strong colony, a drawing oflf of
bees and heat for the building up of
another colony that would likely have
been of little value without this assist-
ance— certainly not of much value until
late in the season. Now, don't get the
idea that I am condemning the prac-
tice, as it does save the queens; and the
time soon comes, when bees are in-
creasing rapidly, when these queens

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

lis

can be used to adviintag^e, and in ex-
actly this way may be tlie best way to
use them.

The point that I wish to make clear
is, that there is no magic, no mystery,
in having a weak colony build up
simply by setting it over a strong one;
the help comes from tlie strong one.
Notwithstanding this, I am inclined to
think that it may be a good thing to
do. What is needed is some really
careful experimenting. Divide the
apiary. Put the weak colonies on top
the strong ones in one half. In the other
half let the weak ones and strong ones
play it out all alone; and then see
which half comes out ahead.

Then, again, there are other factors.
Does your liarvest come early, and
every possible means must be employed
to secure populous colonies very early?
Or does it come in August, or later,
and tliereis abundant time for colonies
to build up ?

Truly, apiculture is a many sided
structure, and wise is the man who
knows every angle.

■T»J««'«^H**irt

The Honey Producers' League — Pro-
spectus and Constitution.

A crisis has been reached in bee-
keeping. The time is now here when
bee-keepers must band together, as
never before, fight an insidious foe,
and cope with the conditions of modern
times. In short, the wide-spread
ignorance regarding the value of honey
as a food (its deliciousness, cheapness
and digestibility), coupled with an
almost universal belief in its adultera-
tion, which belief is fostered by the
continued publication of untruthful
stories concerning so-called manufac-
tured comb honey, to which may be
added the fact that cheap syrups are
being pushed upon the market with
great vigor — all these combined are
depressing the honey market beyond
all precedent; and, unless something is
done to counteract these influences, our

occupation, or, at least, a good share
of its profitableness, will soon begone.

A large share of last year's honey
crop is still unsold, while the market
is practically dead, as is easily shown
by reference to the market reports.
The crop of the coming season will
soon be here, and, should it prove a
bountiful one, with last year's crop
still unsold, where will prices go then?
We may as well face the situation
squarely. Then comes the all-impor-
tant question: What shall we do about
it ?

Three or four of us began recent!}' to
discuss this question, privately, by
mail, and we decided to act promptly,
to the extent of summoning (some by
telephone and telegraph) to a confer-
ence in Chicago, some eight or ten rep-
resentative manufacturers, dealers,
publishers and honey-producers. As a
result, such a meeting was held
March 14th and 15th, the whole two
days being occupied in forming an
organization, and in discussing ways
and means whereby said organization
can increase the demand for honey.

The first step was the drafting of a
constitution which reads as follows:

CONSTITUTION.
Art, I — NAME AND HEADQUARTERS.

Sec. 1 — The name of this organiza-
tion shall be "The Honey Producers'
League."

Sec. 2 — Its headquarters shall be
Chicago, 111.

Art. II — OBJECTS.

Its objects shall be to create a larger
demand for honey by popularizing its
use among the consuming public
through advertising in newspapers and
magazines its great value as a food,
and by such other methods as may be
considered advisable by the Executive
Board. Also by publication of facts
concerning the production of honey to
counteract anj' misrepresentation of
the same.

Art. Ill — MEMBERSHIP AND DUES.

Sec. 1 — Any bee-keeper may become
a member by paying to the Manager

116

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

an annual fee of $1.00 for each 20 (or
fraction of 20) colonies of bees (spring-
count) he owns or operates.

Sec. 2 — Any honey dealer, bee-sup-
ply dealer, bee-supply manufacturer,
bee-paper publisher, or any otiier firm
or individual, may become a member
on the annual payment of a fee of $10.00,
increased by one-fifth of one (1) per
cent, of his or its capital used in the
allied interests of bee-keeping-.

Sec. 3 — The annual dues shall be
payable in advance, on or before Ma3'
1 of each year.

Sec. 4 — Membership shall cease when
dues are in arrears three months.

Art. IV — EXECUTIVE board.

Sec. 1 — An Executive Board consist-
ing" of seven members shall be elected
by mail ballot annually in the month
of March (after the first election), the
ballots to be sent to the membership
between March 1 and 5, the polls to be
closed at noon April 1. Thej' shall be
the seven members receiving the high-
est number of votes cast. In case of a
tie-vote, the other members of the Board
shall decide it-
Sec. 2 — The votes shall be mailed to
the Seci-etary, who, with another mem-
ber to be selected by the balance of the
Executive Board, shall together count
the votes and certify the result to the
Manager, who shall then forward
copies of the same to the United States
bee-papers for publication, and also
give same in his annual report.

Sec. 3 — The Executive Board shall
have the general management of the
League, and shall elect from their
number the officers named in Akticli-:
V, Sec. 1, who shall execute the orders
of the Board, and hold their several
offices until their successors are elected
and qualified.

Sec. 4— The Executive Board shall
meet annually, on the third Wednesday
in April, in Chicago, for the election
of officers, and for the transaction of
such other business as may regularly
come before it.

Sec. 5 — Special meetings of the Ex-
ecutive Board shall be held when called
by the President, upon request of three
or more members of the Board.

Art. V — Officers.

Sec. 1 — The officers shall be a
President, Vice-President, Secretary,
Treasurer and Manager.

Sec. 2 — The duties of the President
and Vice-President shall be such as
usually devolve upon these officers.

Sec. 3 — The duties of the Secretary
shall be to keep a record of the meet-
ings of the Executive Board, and to
count the ballots of all votes of the
membership, as provided by Art. IV,
Sec. 2, the result of which he is to for-
ward at once to the Manager.

Sec. 4 — The Treasurer shall keep a
record of all mone3's received from the
Manager, giving- his receipt therefor;
and he shall pay out funds only on
bills approved as per Sec. 5 of this
article.

Sec. 5 — The duties of the Manager
shall be to conduct the actual business
of the League as directed by the Exec-
utive Board; to keep a list of the mem-
bership; to accouiit for all moneys re-
ceived, and turn same over to the
Treasurer, taking his receipt there-
for; to prepare and mail in March of
each year, to the membership, an an-
nual report containing a financial
statement, and such other matters as
would be of interest to all concerned,
including all ballots and amendments;
and to issue orders on the Treasurer
for payment of all bills, when counter-
signed by the President.

Sec. 6 — The Treasurer and Man-
ager shall each furnish such bond as
shall be satisfactory to the Executive
Board.

Art. VI — SALARIES AND EXPENSES.

Sec. 1 — No salary shall be paid any
officer of this League, but the actual
expense of holding meeting-s of the Ex-
ecutive Board (when they deem such
necessary) shall be paid from the gen-
eral expense-fund.

Sec. 2 — There shall be an allowance
of five (5) per cent, of the cash receipts
to cover all general expenses, such as
printing, meetings of the Executive
Board, etc., the remaining ninety-five
(95) per cent, to be applied on the ad-
vertising- proper.

Art. VII — AMENDMENTS.

This Constitution may be amended
by a two-thirds vote of the membership
at any regular election, provided such
proposed amendment be first submitted
to the Executive Board and approved
by it.

MINUTES OF FIRST MEETING.

Atemporary organization wasefi^ected
and the foreg-oing- Constitution adopted,
when, upon motion of Ralph W. Boy-
den, the following^ members were elect-
ed as an Executive Board: Dr. C. C.
Miller, W. Z. Hutchinson, Arthur L.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

117

Boyden, George W. York, C. P. Da-
dant, N. E. France and Georg-e C.
Lewis.

A permanent organization was then
formed, and the following- officers
elected: President, Dr. C. C. Miller;
Vice-President, George C. Lewis; Sec-
retary, \V. Z. Hutchinson; Treasurer,
Arthur L. Boyden; Manager, George
W. York.

Before adjourning it was resolved to
do no general advertising until there
is at least $5,000 in the hands of
the Treasurer; the Manager was in-
structed to take the necessary steps for
securing the incorporation of the
League; and the Secretary and Mana-
ger were appointed a committee to pre-
pare the necessary literature for use
in soliciting membership.

SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED.

While the Constitution quite clearly
outlines the aims and objects of the
League, a few questions will naturally
spring to the lips of one who contem-
plates joining its ranks, hence it may
be well to answer in advance as many
as possible of them.

Naturally, the first question asked
will be: "Why form a new organiza-
tion, when the constitution of the Na-
tional allows the use of its funds for
such work?" Principally, because
the National has not enough money at
its command to do the work effectiveljs
and it could not raise enough without
a change in its Constitution, as, at
present, only one extra assessment of
$1.00 per member can be made each
year, while the work of advertising, to
be effective, requires thousands of dol-
lars AT ONCE.

Perhaps some will ask why the mat-
ter was not discussed in advance in the
bee-papers, and a public meeting
called ? Why was the matter kept
quiet, and the work done with appa-
rent secrecy ? It was done so quickly,
simply to save time. When the true
situation had fairly dawned upon the

three or four who were first discussing
the matter, it became equally apparent
that only by the most prompt and
active work could anything be done
that would help the sale of the last
year's honey crop before the coming of
this year's crop.

Some may wonder wh}^ the members
of the Executive Board were all chosen
so near Chicago. They were thus
chosen that they might quickly and
cheaply attend Board-meetings. Should
an important question requiring im-
mediate action come up, telegrams
sent every member in the afternoon
would enable them to be in Chicago the
next morning. If any mistake has
been made in the choice of officers, it
can be corrected at the next election.
As it is, however, it is doubtful if a set
of officers can be chosen who would
have more completely at heart the suc-
cesss of the undertaking. Besides this,
they are all friendly to one another,
and will work harmoniously as a
unit.

It ma}' be asked why no salaries are
paid the officers. If these men are
willing to give so freely of their money,
they should be equally willing to give
their time; besides, if they were paid
salaries, many might be inclined to
look upon the whole thing as a sclieme
on the part of the officers to put money
into their own pockets. As it is, these
men are reallj' putting in their time,
money, and energies, expecting no re-
ward except such as will come to them
from the improvpd conditions of bee
culture. Only as honey-producers are
benefited, will any benefit come to
manufacturers, dealers and publishers,
yet a lieavier burden is placed upon
them than upon the actual honey-pro- .
ducer. The contributions of the Board-
members alone will reach nearly
$1,000.

Everj' one, will, of course, be inter-
ested in knowing what forms of adver-
tising will be adopted. Mainl}' that of
advertising in the daily papers and

118

TTTE REE-KEKPERS' REVIEW

mag'azines. (No advertising will be
done in the bee journals, as that would
be simply a waste of money). Prob-
ably the first feature will be that of
killing', or removing, the false beliefs
regarding the manufacture of artificial
comb hone3^ Large space, perhaps
one-fourth, or one-eighth-page, will be
used in leading dailies, a large head-
ing reading something as follows:

$10,000 FORFEITED !

Then will follow an explanation and
refutation of the matter, and the offer
of $10,000 as a forfeit to any one who
can show a sample of comb honey that
has been produced artificially. Of
course, care will be taken to word the
offer properly, so that no technical
advantage may be taken. The best
talent of the country will be employed
in preparing and placing the advertis-
ing. Man}' papers that publish these
advertisements will probably be will-
ing also to publish articles on bee-
keeping written with a view to increas-
ing the demand for honey. Possibly
firms that print "patent insides" for
other newspapers may be induced to
use such articles.

At fairs and exhibitions, it may be
advisable to have educational honey
exhibits, together with the distribution
of suitable literature. Possibly it maj'
be well to put stereopticon lecturers in
the field; but, as has already been
stated, newspaper advertising will be
the main feature.

Let me tell just one little incident:
On the train while going home from
the meeting, I fell to talking with a
young man who occupied the seat with
me. As we became somewhat ac-
quainted, I told him of the object of
my trip to Chicago, going somewhat
into detail. In reply, he said, in sub-
stance:

"At our home we are fond of bis-
cuit and pancakes, with honey or
maple syrup. We send down to Ver-
mont, to an acquaintance, to get the
maple syrup, as that is the only way

we can feel certain we are getting the
pure article. We don't buy honey very
often, because, while I had never
heard how the story started, as you
explain it, I had been lead to believe
that a good share, even of comb honey,
was manufactured stufiF (mostly paraf-
fine and glucose) and I didn't care to
eat it. I am very glad to have met you
and to have it proved to me so conclu-
sively that I can eat comb honey, and
feel that it is the genuine article."

Friends, there are millions of men
and women just exactly like my chance
acquaintance, and, in the language of
the street, it is "up to us" to convince
them of the error of their belief. If we
could induce one million of them to
step into the groceries tomorrow and
each buy a pound of hone}', what do
you suppose would happen ?

This is the work for us to do, and it
is the most important work that has
been taken up in our line in many a
long year. Every other industry is
pushing its products upon the markets
by every means imaginable; are we to
sit supinely down and let ignorance,
misrepresentation, and business-enter-
prise, push our product off the
earth ? See how new and unknown
things are pushed to the front by the
force of advertising; let us not lag be-
hind, but use this new force in modern
business — advertising — to push our de-
licious product into the position it so
richly deserves.

Just a parting word: Don't wait to
"see how it is going to turn out." If
others are putting in their time and
money for the good of the cause — to ac-
complish something that will help you —
meet them half way, join hands with
them, do it promptly, and success is
assured.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
Flint, Mich. Secretary.

^^JE®*" Address all business correspond-
ence, membership dues, etc., to the
Manager, George W. York, 334 Dear-
born St., Chicago, 111.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

119

QUEEN - EXCLUDING HONEY - BOARDS.

Some of their Advantages.

In the production of comb honey it is
often possible to dispense with the use
of queen-excluders, but there are cer-
tainly advantages in their use in the
production of extracted hone}', and I
have never seen those advantages more
clearly set forth than they are given
by C. Davenport in the American Bee
Journal. He says: —

Let us take a strong, or medium
strong, colony early in the spring, that
is, to run for extracted honey. We
will say that it is in either an 8 or 10
frame-hive, for there is not much dif-
ference in results here between the two
sizes in running for extracted honey.
On the first colony we will not use an
excluder. If it is a strong colony it
will, during fruit bloom, need an upper
story; and in a short time the queen
will invariably work up into this
story, and more or less of these combs
will be filled with brood. But now
note this: It is very seldom that there
is more brood in both of these stories
before the main flow commences than
the lower one would hold, especially
if we are using lO-frame hives. We
now have the frames in these two
stories more or less filled wtth honey,
and brood. The main flow is on, and
soon more room is needed. There is
nothing in either story fit to extract, so
another story is added, and the queen
will, nine times out of ten, lay more or
less in this third story, but she will
seldom go down to the lower story, of
her own accord, again that season,
unless the colony swarms and she does
so in order to get out of the hive. It is
now three stories high, which is about
as high as it is safe for us to go here
without danger of the whole thing
being blown over during some of the
sudden storms with high winds which
we are subject to in the summer.

But if the flow continues good, more
room is soon needed, and this whole
outfit, boiling over with bees, old bees,
young bees, drones, queen — soinewhete
in the two upper stores — brood in all

stages, pollen and honey — is all
mixed up. We take what honey we
can get; this may be considerable, but
it is never first-class honey that we get
from such an outfit. It is tainted more
or less with pollen, the excrement from
young, just-hatchiug bees, larvae and
larval food. If we don't extract from
frames containing brood we will get
very little honey, for there is a little
brood in a lai'ge part of them. A good
many who would have to handle 100
colonies in this way would wish the
flow to be short, so that there would be
only one extracting. We will suppose
this to be the case. The whole thing
has to be handled frame by frame once
more in the fall any way in order to get
the colon}' in size, shape and condition
to be wintered.

Now let us take a colony and use an
excluder. V\ here more room is needed
we place on the excluder and upper
story, and know that the queen is, and
will stay, where she belongs — in the
brood nest. The bees at once com-
mence to store honey in this upper
story, if they lack either storage or
brood room below; usually by this time
not much more pollen is being gathered
than is in demand for brood-rearing,
and this is stored below, near the
brood. As the flow continues we place
another empty story under the first
one. B}' the time more room is needed,
the combs in the upper story will be
filled and sealed nearly solid with
beautiful snow white honey. In order
to clear this of bees, all thtit is neces-
sary in the evening is to raise up one
end and slip under an escape-board;
by morning the bees will have gone
below, and we have the combs clear of
bees, and ready to extract. And, m}'
friends, this is honey — pure, unmixed,
first-class honey, gathered by bees
from flowers. After extracting, this
set of now empty combs is placed next,
and the other set on top of it, and so on
as long as the flow continues, and we
don't care liow many times we have to
extract, for it is a pleasure to produce
extracted honey by this plan. We ex-
perience and feel a good many of those
things we would not sell for money if
we could.

In the fall — well, there are dift'erent
plans that can be practiced to get this

120

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

latter colony in shape for winter, for
they will probably be very short of
stores, if they are black or German
bees. But, again, note this: We know
where the queen is. She is where she
belongs — in the brood-nest — and what-
ever plan we employ to insure the col-
ony winter stores, it is inuch less work
because she is there.

I have not run a colony for extracted
honey without an excluder for two
years, and have no idea that I will
ever do so again. Three years ago I
had only about fifty excluders; that
season 1 ran about 150 colonies for ex-
tracted honey, and I firmly believe that
I secured nearly as much, of a much
better grade, from the 50 on which I
used excluders, as I did from the 100
colonies without. The next winter I
ordered, I think it was 100 or 120. and
there is no question but what with me
they have paid their cost many times
in both seasons since, and they are, of
course, barring accidents, good for a
life-time. I use, and greatly prefer,
the all-zinc for two reasons; First, the
all-zinc is much less hindrance to the
bees; in fact, an all-zinc is practically
no hindrance to a colony in storing
in an upper story. If the bees try
to carry heavy loads of pollen up
through, some of it will get scraped
of¥, which is a good thing. The other
reason is, they are much stronger and
more durable. The former may split
and check off, but new frames can be
made, and the zinc itself is everlast-
ing-

QUEEN REARING.

A Novel Method of Securing the Building

of Queen Cells with the Queen

Still in the Hive

I occasionally publish in the Review
things in which I have no faith. I do
this because my judgment is not infal-
lible. Things at which I have sneered,
when first brought to my notice, have
turned out to be of greatvalue. Again,
I have published things about which I
have been just a trifle skeptical —
thought that it was possible that they
might be what they seemed, but I felt
that more experience was necessary
before a final decision could be rend-
ered. Still further, I have published
things in which I had great faith, only

to be disappointed in the final results.
All this shows that at least one editor
is very much human.

The foregoing thoughts came to me
as I read over an article written by
Thos. Broderick ot New York, and
published last August in the American
Bee Journal. The gist of the whole
article is that, by maiming a queen,
cutting off about half of one of her long
legs, the bees will become so dissatis-
fied with her, think she is failing, or
seriously injured, that they at once
attempt to replace her, by beginning the
construction of queen cells.

It would seem that there ought to be
the same dissatisfaction over a clipped
wing. Right here it might not be out
of place to admit that the idea has been
advanced that a clipped queen is
sooner superseded than is one that has
not been clipped, but then, bees cer-
tainly do not at once begin to take steps
for supersedure. Once more, I have
several times had queens that were
cripples. The handling of the cell
while the queen was immature, or
something, had so injured the queen
that one leg would be shriveled and
useless. Such queens have done good
service in the hive for a whole season
with no attempts at supersedure. All
these things make me wonder how uni-
versally this plan would prove a suc-
cess. On the other hand, I have known
Mr. Broderick many years, and have
every confidence in him. The sug-
gestions that he makes in regard to
queen rearing are certainly most ex-
cellent, and, if this peculiar feature
that he describes should prove to be
effectual under various conditions, and
in other hands, it would work achange
in queen rearing. It certainly is
worthy of trial, and, with thiscaution-
tionary prelude, I copy the article,
which reads as follows:

Mr. Harr3^ Greeves, on page 35o,
expresses the wish that some one
would start up the queen rearing dis-
cussion again. For the benefit of Mr.
Greeves and others who are interested

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

121

in this all-important subject, I will
briefly describe my method of rearing-
queens, which I feel certain will
g-reatly simplify their rearing, inas-
much as it enables the bee-keeper to
do away with all fussing- with queen-
excluding- metal, the uncertainty of the
swarming- fever, or waiting for queens
to g-et old and be superseded naturally;
and best of all, reduces the cost.

I have thoroughly tested all of the
methods given through the bee-papers,
and know all of the merits and de-
merits of queens reared by each and
all of them. For a long time I reared
my queens by the Alley and Doolittle
methods, as I considered them the
simplest and best, but I became dis-
satisfied at times with the Doolittle
method, especially when queens were
reared above or behind queen-excluding
metal.

The Alley method will produce a
good queen every time when conditions
are right, but it is too costly to suit
me. The making of a colonj' queen-
less, and keeping it so for a week or
ten days, means dollars and cents, and
if late in the season it may mean death
to the colony the following winter.
However, we must have some good
queens regardless of cost, and I would
rear them by the Alley method, too, if
I had not worked out the following:

When settled warm weather has ar-
rived, and colonies have become
strong, i. e., one hive body well-filled
with bees, with brood in all combs ex-
cepting the two outside ones, and large
numbers of young nurse-bees on hand;
then, and not until then, should any
one attempt to rear queens. When
bees are in this condition, with plenty
of honey and pollen coming in from the
fields, I am then ready to begin queen
rearing operations, provided queens are
needed thus' early.

I go over the apiary and select a good,
strong colony, preferably hybrids,
one which has a good, prolific queen
not more than two years old— still bet-
ter if not more than one year old. I
hunt out this queen, catch her, and
with a sharp pair of scissors clip about
X of an inch off one of the large legs
and liberate her among the bees again,
and close the hive. In about four or
five days you will find eggs in queen-
cells.

Now prepare a bunch of queen-cups,
a la Doolittle, minus royal jelly, and
take them along with you to the colony,
destroy the cells the bees have started,
hunt out a comb containing small

larvae, and with a goose-quill tooth-
pick, that has been previously polished
on a stone to take ofi" sharp edges, lift
out larvae that are about two days old,
as near as you can judge, and place
one in each cell-cup without royal jelly
— just the dry cup. Now place the
comb with cell-cups in the center of the
brood-nest and leave it for a day or
two, when you will find that just as
many, or more, cells have been accepted
as if you had put royal jelly in them.

Now these cells have been shaped up
by the bees to suit their liking, and
there is considerable royal jelly in
them, lift out those old larvae that you
first put in, and replace them with the
smallest larvae you can find from your
best breeding queen, and place the
comb back in the hive where you took
it from. Those cells will be cared for
and fed from the very moment you
place them back in the hive. This I
consider very important, and must take
place if we are to have good queens
every time. And this leads me to say,
that with any method when artificial
cell-cups are used, unless given to bees
that are hopelessly queenless, they
must be grafted a second time if you
want good results. The reason is
plain to be seen — the cells are un-
natural in every respect, and in the
majority of cases remain unnoticed for
several hours, and the nature of them
is only discovered as some bee out of
curiosity pokes her head into one of
them, when she at once spreads the
news. But, alas, it is too late, they
have received a setback from which
they will never recover, and the omis-
sion of this very thing is, I believe, the
principal reason why so many bee-
keepers received or reared queens that
were not satisfactory, thereby causing
the queen-breeder and cell-cup methods
to be condemned. I am firmly con-
vinced that the grafting of cells a sec-
ond time has paid me enormouslj' — yes,
better than any other work I ever did
in the apiary.

Now lest some think that a queen
treated as I have described will be of
little good from the standpoint of egg-
laying, and consequently a run-down
colony, to such I want to say that a
queen treated in this way will, with
the exception of a few hours when first
clipped, lay just as well as ever. That
has been my experience for the past
four years; and, further, the colony
vi^ill produce just as good results in
either comb or extracted honey as if
you never touched the queen. And this

122

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

colony can be kept building cells dur-
ing the whole season, as I have done
repeatedly. In such a case you must
examine every comb in the hive once in
every twelve days or two weeks, and
cut out any cells that may be started
on them.

When rearing queens in this way it
is just as necessary to feed the colony
in times of scarcity as it is with any
method. Of course, the bees are trying
to supersede their queen, and will
carry on the work of cell-building just
as long as there is anything in the hive
for them to live on, but if there is no
honey in the fields, feed bj' all means;
also feed the colony containing your
breeding queen, so that an}' larvae
taken from it will not have received a
setback from being fed sparingly. As
in times of great scarcity bees feed
larvae just as little as possible and
have them live, it seems almost unnec-
essary for me to say that larvae taken
from a colony in this condition are en-
tirely unfit for queen-rearing purposes.

Before closing I want to add a few
don'ts: Don't try to rush matters by
attempting to rear queens before your
colonies get strong. Don't wait until
the season is nearly over, and drones
nearly all killed off; the bees know
when the drones are killed and winter
is close by, and seem to prefer their
old queens rather than take chances on
getting a young one fertilized. Don't
winter a queen that has been clipped
and at the head of a cell-building
colony all summer; quit off in time to
allow a j'oung queen to become fertile
and laying, and use another colony
next summer.

The rearing of queens just when and
where I wanted them, and in almost
any numbers, with the colony storing
in the sections just as fast as anj'
other — no waiting for the swarming
fever or old age to overtake some queen
— is something that has given me great
pleasure. That I believe it will be so
with others is my reason for taking the
trouble to write it out.

MAN WANTED.

I,have an apairy of between 30 and 40 colonies,
and 1 want a man of good habits to take charge
of it the coining season or until August 1st. I
would give him one-half the surplus, I furnish-
ing the supplies and necessary tools. Or, if I
could get a competent man, one who knows how
to handle bees, I would pay him $20.00 a month
and board.

ClylNTON F. PUt,SIFER,
4-05-tf Nessen City, Mich.

;»i494^499999^^€^^&€^ &&«&&& fi&&<^

YZ

On

ili
ill
V4r
\k
iit

jj You're in 2v Hurry

>0 ZiTt) I

Only half a page this month —
take you less time to read it.
But what about Yellowzones?

Perhaps you never ordered
any — been putting it off till the
present moment.

time — Do it

Then this is the

Now.

Over and over YZ will be a
blessing to yourself and famil}'.

Hardly a Pain or Fever they
will not cure, and so easily you
will hardly believe it.

Many lives saved by their
timely use.

Sickness and Distress relieved
times without number, and
Thousands of Dollars saved.

Different from any other

Remedy.

If you've used them you know
it; if not you simply don't know
what you're missing.

A few rightly put, at the start,
will cure most acute diseases be-
fore you would think of a doctor.

A Box of 150 (with vial of
Zonets for Liver and Bowels)
costs you $1.00 and I don't
know where else you'li get as
good medical value.

You need them and the way to
get them is to get them Right
Now — not tomorrow, but Now.

Let me thank you now for your
order.

W. B. House, M. D.,

De Tour, Mich.

THE bee-k:eepers' review

123

Nic6 Enough For
Anybody

Ladies traveling to Cali-
rornia appreciate tne
deligntTul nome com-
forts or our superior
Tourist Pullinans.

H

arvey serves the meals

tkt

iL

Many otke

er exclusive an

d dis-

tinctive features.

Ask General Passenger Office
Atchison, Topeka & jsanta Fe
Railway, Chicago, about very low
one-way rates to California, March
1st to May ijih.

Good discounts on early orders. Complete stock of bee
Supplies. Lewis Company's Goods at Factory Prices.

The best Dovetailed Hive there is made. Send for Catalog-ue.
We are always in the market to buy honey — submit price.
The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio,

Bees and Queens

Have you tried my queens? They are as good
as money can buy; they are daughters of impor-
ted mothers; and no pains have been spared to
mate them purely. When you send me an order
I fill it promptly and guarantee perfect satisfac-
tion. I have the three-banded Italians, goldens,
Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy l^ands and Albinos.

Untested queens, of either race, 7.1 cts. each;
tested, $1.50; breeders, $3.00. Special prices on
lots of a dozen or more. Two-frame nuclei a
specialty.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

BeeviUe, Texas.

BEE-SUPPliIES.

Leoiis' Goods at Faetopy Prices.

Best shipping- point in the United
States. Special inducements on bee-
hives. 88 page Catalog- — g^ood infor-
mation for all bee-keepers — free. Ask
about our free pocket mirror.

C. M. SCOTT & CO»,

3-o5-5t

1 002 E. Washington St.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

124

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

■|!!|]|!!]gnmm«im!!«,B"«!!!i|«»!|!|!!!5llM h^iliiihi^ |ii.i,ii.,^

■liiipiiiiiiiiiliiiiliiNiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiH
iiiiiiil

III Prompt Shipments,

iiipi'i

111 Are what you want and we

ill can make them. Send in your

iiiiii orders and be convinced that

ill we can do it. WISCONSIN

III BASSWOOD FOR SEC-

111 TIONS. DOVE-TAIL KD

||i HIVES made by ourselves

|"'l now. A full line of supplies

ilil'll for bee-keeping' on hand.

Marshfield Mfg. Co.

■ iiiimii|
inuiiJ

■iiiiin
liiiiiii

Biiiiin
iiiiiui

IttaPsMield, Wis.

ma ■ ■ iiiai'i

Root's Goods 2vt
Root's Prices

POUDER'S lit-'iicy Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

L,arge and complete stock on hand
at all times. L,ow freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Wz^lt^r S. Poudcr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOI^IS, IND.

iiiS'iiiiiiig

South Western

SAVE MONEY

Get our prices on all Bee Keepers'
Supplies before you buy. Send for
Catalog We carry a full line, and
will not be undersold.

HONEY CANS AND FOUNDATION
— We represent the American Can Co.
in Texas, as their sole and exclusive
agents for honey cans. We also han-
dle Dadant «t Son's world-famous
Comb Foundation, excUisivly. Get
our prices before buying.

BEES AND QUEENS, in any
quantity at all seasons of the year.
I,et us quote you.

HONEY AND BKESWAX bought
and sold. We will buy your honey
crop; and we especially want your
beeswax at the highest market price.

H. H. HYDE

Successor to

THE GRAHAM - HYDE BEE CO.,

San Antonio, Texas.

Dittmet^'s
poandation

Is the Best.

Will tell j'ou WHY. If you

will send for Free Catalog

and Samples.

Early Order Discount on
Full Line of Supplies.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

Working Wax into Founda-
tion for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada, for Ditlmer's

Foundation.

Gus. Dittroer,

Augusta,

Wiscopsirj

■niiiiBg,

glijfflaaiiilifiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiJHWiitiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiMiiltliillMUIllllH^I

l||)ilUliauiUUIBmiltU(BiiillUJIBUUUJIH^'^''lllliUII>llJlUUll

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

125

THE

FOUNTAIN
PEN

has the
^^LUCKY CURVE^^

The "lucky curve" is a curve in
the feed pipe that brings its inner
opening out against the inside of
the barrel of the pen, and this ar-
rangement allows capillary at-
traction to suck the ink out of the
feed-pipe when the pen end is
held uppermost, thus preventing
all leakage. At the same time
the feed-pipe is kept moist with
ink and ready for business-
There are other good features
about the Parker. One is the al-
most impossibility of breaking
the handle. If it breaks from
any cause within a year a new
one is sent free.

Mr. N. E. France, General Man-
ager of the National Bee-Keepers'
.\ssociation, has carried a Parker
pen for years, and "swears by it,"
so to speak. I have carried one
now for a year myself, and can
truthfully say that I have derived
more satisfaction from it than
from any other fountain pen that
I have ever carried, and I have
tried several other kinds. I offer-
ed this pen last year in connection
with the Review, and sold a large
number of them, and I don't know
of a dissatisfied customer. If there
is, I want to hear from him.
There are plenty of pens that I
might offer for $i.oo and make
more money than I am making o.i
the Parker, but I care more to
furtiish my subscribers a good
article nt a fair profit, than to
make a big profit on a cheap pen.
There are different styles of
pens varying in price from $1.50 to
$10.00, dependitig upon the finish
of the handle. My pen cost $2 00
and, so far as practical use is con-
cerned, is the equal of any; and I
have made arrangements where-
by I can send the Review one
year, and one of the $2.00 pens,
for only $2.50. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed, or money
will be refunded.

W, Z. HUTCHINSON,
Flint, Michigan*

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

147-149 Cedar I<ake Road

iiii^^

1 1=2 STORY,

8-frame hives, either plain, or bee-way
supers, $1.00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 lb shipping- cases, $13.00
for 100; 121b $8.00 for 100; 201b Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with orders of $5.00 or
over. Send for free list.

W. D. SOPER
R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

The Bee and Honey Co.

Wishes to sell you all of the
bees and queens that you may
need the coming- season.

Catalog- describing- the six
different races of bees that we
breed, sent free. Get our
prices before buying.

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,
2-05-tf Beeville, Tex.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a .sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-incli cutter, and has a new
knife for which I i>aid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will l>e .sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

HONEY QUEENS

IvAWS' ITALIAN and HOLY LAND QUEEN.S.
Plent.v of fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with these lam catering to a satisfied trade.
Are you in it? Or are you interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The following prices
are as low as con.sistent with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, S8 00; tested Ji.oo; per
dozen, Jio. Breedeis, the very best of either
race, $3 00 each.

W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex.

126

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

PATEINX, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24

l:

YEARS the: BEISX. CATALOG FREIEI.
F. BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH.

VIRGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens secured by a cross
and years of careful selection, from
Red Clover Queens and Superior Stock
obtained from W, Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June 15, 60c
Tested queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c
Selected tested queens, $1.25; after
June 15, $1.00.

Write a postal card for circular.

CHAS. KOKPPEN,
6o4-tf Fredericksburg-, Va.

riCRRY S I3I£E BRUSH

Save Time

By brushing both sides of a comb at
once with a Ferry Bee Brush. Costs
only 50 cts. His Hive Opener beats all
for that purpose — only 25 cts See page
82 March Review. 4-05-lt

H. S. FERRY, Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

—If yi)u are h'oiag to —

BUY A BUZZ -SAW^,

write to the editor of the Heview. He has a
new Barnes saw to soil aud would be glad ti
cnalce you happy hy telliug you the price at
inch ha would sell it.

floor's BEE-SUPPlilES
{ROOT'S PRICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL. Kendall. Mich

Why he bought our

I asked Mr. I,. F. Weaver what he could say of
our queens, and tell the truth, and here is his
reply:

Shadeland, Ind., 2-8, 1905.

Friend Michael.

We received our first queens from
you in 1903, — you will find that you sent me
more queens in 904, and we expect to order a
greater number in 1905. Why? Because your
queens have met all our requirements, their
workers being gentle, uniform in color and size,
energetic hustlers and prosperous, in colony and
store. We know not your method of rearing,
and it makes no difference to us so long as we
get such good and prolific queens.

Yours respectfully,

L. F. WEAVER.

3-05--'t

R. F. D. No. I, Winchester, Ind.

The New Century

Queen Rearing Co.

Has all queen cells built in full colonies and
under the most favorable conditions, while the
system of mating allows the sale of queens at
unusual 'y low prices; also the utmost promptness
in shipment. No claim is made that these
queens are superior to all others, but they are
certainly as good as can be reared; while for
promptness of service ana fairness of dealing
they cannot be excelled

The following varieties are bred, and mated in
different localities- Three-banded, and Golden
Italians, and Carniolans. Prices for either var-
iety are as follows: One tested queen, $1.00; six
for $5.00; one untested queen, 75 cts., five for
$375; ten for $6.00; fifteen for $8 25. Prices on
nuclei and full colonies given upon application.

Safe arrival guaratiteed. Send for discnptive
circular.

NEW CENTURY QUEEN REARING CO.
3-05-tf Bcrclair, Texas.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

127

Get Acquainted with the
"LEWIS FAMILY."

K. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. l,uniber Co , Fairbaiilt, Minn.

Dadant ft Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Miith Co , Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach. Kenton. O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

York Honey & Bee Snpply Co., Chi-
cago, 111., 141 & 143 Ontario St.

l,oui> Hansen's Sons, Davenport, Iowa.

Adam A. I larke, I,e Mars, low ■.

Southwestern Bee Co . San Antonio,
Texas., 438, Houston St.

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

Colorado Honey Producers Association,

Denver, Colo
Fruit Growers' Ass'n., Orand Junction,

Colo.
Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, IvOveland, Colo.
Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.
Chas H. Lilly & C o., Seattle, Wa.sh.
F'red Foulger & Sons, ogden, Utah.
A. Coppin, Wenona, 11.
California, I,umber & Milling Co , San

Francisco, Calilornia.
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Het-ts, Eng.

It is scattered all over the world and any one of the above
will be fflad to sell you Lewis Goods. The finest on the market.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Manufacturers of
Bee-Kaepers Supplies.

K^ake Youp O^A/n Hives.

3ec - Keepers

Will save money by
usitij,'- inir Foot Pow-
er Saw in making^
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogue.

W.F.&JNO.B&RNESCO.,

:« Ruby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 04 igt

'H^

128

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Dovetailed Hive Showing the
^Rstman Feeder in Position.

There is a g^rowing- demand
for a feeder that can be used for
simulative feeding- in spring; one
that can be left under the hive
all summer, and one that can be
used at all times without excit-
ing- robbing-. The

EASTIVIRH
FEEDEt?

fills the bill. We shovvr one in
place, one standing- on end and
one on cover.

TtDwTn-ifinTP Bee-Hives, Sections, Fences, Smokers, Foundation
Uf^l y^UfllE r^mK R^^ v^iic Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives

Comb, Bee Veils,
and Supplies, manufactured and for sale

Car lots a specialty.

I CflH SEIiIt GOODS CHEAPER

than the majority of dealers
can furnish them, and here
are some of the reasons wh}^: I am in the heart of the lumber regions,
where lumber is cheap and there is no freig-ht to pay; I am in a small
country town where labor is cheap; I have new, up-to-date labor-sav-
ing machinery run by water powei" — the cheapest power in the world.
Not only will I sell goods cheaper, but / will pay the freight to Chi-
cago, St. Paul or Minneapolis, on shipments passing through those
points. Send for my catalog and get my prices before ordering.

THE RURAL BEE KEEPER

A monthly bee journal devoted to the interest of the Bee Keepers of America will teach
you how to make money with Bees. May number tells about feeding bees. July is de-
Voted to Queen Rearing": Augu.st to marketing honey. September to preparation for winter;
October, the wintering problem. I aim to give big value for your money. Swarming, and
how it is being controlled to the cash benefit of the Bee Keeper, is the subject upon which
the June number treats. It will be the purpose of the Rural Bee Keeper to champion the
cause of the small country bee keeper, to show him the way to make money out of bees,
bj; first showing how to produce the greatest amount of choice honey in the shape that
will bring the best cash return with the least expense, and later will show him how to
cash his crop. Sub.scribe now. Begin with the first issue and get fifty dollars worth of
good sound information in one year for fifty cents.

IN THE FRONT RANK

Beverly, N. J., July 17, 1904.
W. H. Putnam,

River Falls, Wis.
Dear Sir: —

I must congratulate you on the reading matter you have in the Rural Bee Keeper, it
is all that could be desired, and just what i have been wanting. I take seven Bee papers
and consider yours only equaled by Gleanings and the Review. Every number .so far has
been worth more than the subscription price to me. I do not see how you can fail if the
present standard is kept up. Wishing you success, I remain.

Yours truly,

James T. Fennell.

— W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis.—

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North Ameiican Bee-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are niade according to
these rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and tirmly attached
in all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detfched at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten

Eer cent ; except that a few df alers charge only
ve per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

Kansas city— The honey market is over-
stocked, and consumption light. Beeswax is
firm. We quote as follows; Fan. y white, j2., so
per case of 24 sections; No. i white $2 25 per ca.se
of 24 sections; fancy amber $2.00 per case of 24
sections; white, extracted 6}^c;an.ber 6c; btes-
wax 28 to 30c.

WAI^KER-BREWSTER GROCER > O.,
Mch.31, 1905. 423 Walnut St , Kansas City, Mo

CINCINNATI— There is little, if any, improve-
ment in the honey market here since our last
quotation. We hope to render a more encourag-
ing report soon

We quote amber extracted in barrels a-^d
cans at 5^ to 6J/2C White clover at 7 to 8c; fancy
white comb honey at 12 and i^c: beeswax 28c.

THE FRED VV. MUTH CO.
Mch. 10-05 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFAIvO— Fancy comb honey sells very well
at 12 to 13c, but verj slowly at more than that,
other grades are dull, and require pushing to
move at quotations. We quote as follows: Fancy
white 12 to 13c; No. i white, 10 to 12c; fancy
amber 9 to loc; No. t amber 8 to gc; fancy dark 8
to 9 c; No. I dark, 7 to 8c; white extracted, 4 to 6c;
beeswax 28 to 30c.

BATTERSON & CO.,
Mar. 30 1905. BufiFalo. N. Y.

PHILADEIvPHIA— Since our last quotations,
noney has bten gradually declining, and at the
end of the season for comb honey especially,
commission men and holders areoffeiing at most
any pi ice to clear out their stock. We quote
as follows: Fancy white 14c; No. i, 11 to 12c;
amber n c; white extracted 7 to 8c; amber,
■^ 'o 6c; beeswax 28c. We are producers of honey
and do not not handle on commission
., . WM.A SEI^SER,

-March 10, 1905. 10 Vine Street,

Philadelphia, Pa.

KANS.-iS CITY -Market is fairly ative, but
$1.50 per case is about all dealers want to pay.
Large retail dealeis buy direct, and sell to con-
sumers. We quote as follows: White f 1.75 per
per case; white extracted 5^ to 6^2C; amber, 4%
to 5c; dark, 4^; beeswax 28c.

C C CI,EMONS&CO..
March 30, 1905 Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO— There has been somewhat of an
increase in the number of sales during the past
four weeks, yet th i volume has not been large,
while prices are if anything lower than in Janu-
ary, especially on other grades than white
clover. Fancy grades of white comb, bring 12^
to 13c; No. t, i;«c, with some off in color, 8 to loc;
exti acted white f> to 7c, amber 5% to 6}^c, the
price being governed by quality, flavor and
package. Beeswax if clean and good color 30c
per lb

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Mch. 8, 1905. 199 So. Water St.

CHICAGO— No material change from our quo-
tations in last issue except that we have moved,
during the past month, a good deal of Colorado
Comb Honey, and are almost entirely cleaned up
on Wisconsin stock.

If producers still have honey to ship, we advise
letting it come forward.

Demand for strained honey limited, and sup-
ply equal to demand. We quote as follows:
Fancy while, 13c; No. i white 11^ to i2^c;
white, extracted 6J^ to 7c; amber 6 to 6}^c; bees
wax 28 to 30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.,

189 South Water St.
March 7. 1905. Chicago. 111.

NEW YORK— The market is very quiet espe-
cially on comb honey; and cannot encourage
shipping at this time. ^Ve quote as follows:
Fancy white 13c; No. i white 12c; fancy amber
lie; No. I amber, loc; fancy dark 9c: white, ex-
tracted 6}^c; amber 5^ to 6c; dark 5c; bees-
wax 29c to 30c.

HII^DRETH & SEGEI.KEN,

82-86 Murray St,
March 31, 1905. New York.

TOLEDO — The demand on comb honey is very
limited, and the prices are as follows: Fancy
white comb, in non-d'ip shipping cases I2i^c to
13c; No. I, nj^sc to I2C, wiih no demand for
amber or dark honey. White clover, extracted
in barrels, 6 to 6j4c; amber 5 to 5>^c; beeswax
28 to 30c.

GRIGGS BROTHERS,
March 3o-'o5 Toledo, Ohio,

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 Page Catalogue describing
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing needed in the Apiary.

Special low prices on Brood Frames

and Shipping Cases Beeswax

wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.

2-'05-lf

Bee-Keepers'RcYiew

PUBLISHED MONTHLV

W. Z HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, i888. Serial number, 20^^

Terms — Ji.oo a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a 3'ear, extra.

Discontinuances— The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Anj' subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, May 15, 1905

Advertising Rentes.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; g times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) $1

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) i

Canadian Bee Journal ( t.oo) i

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) i

American Bee. Keeper ( .50) i

Rural Bee-Keeper ( 100) i

Western Bee Journal ( i.oo) i

Ohio Farmer ( i.oo) i

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) i

Rural New Yorker ( too) i

The Century ( 4°"^ 4

Michigan Farmer ( i .00) i

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) i

American -•Agriculturist ( 100) i

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3

Harpers Magazine ( 400) 4-

Harper's Weekly ( 400) 4

Yo\itlis' Companion (new) ( 1/5) ^

Cosmopolitan ( i.oo) t

Success ( I.oo) I.

flo pish-Bone

Is appareiuiii combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is ttsed. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a z'ery thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be tlistinguished from that built
wholh- by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

tl. Vflfl DEUSEfJ,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

THE SOLUTION OF THE

BEE LITERATURE

PROBLEM

Is never solved until it is
solved right, and it is never
solved until 30U are a sub-
scriber for the Western Bee
Journal. A new corps of
writers have been secured for
this paper, and what they
will write will be new to you.

Subscribe to-da\ — $1.00 a
year.

THE WESTERN BEE JOURNAli

p. F .ADELSBACH,

Editor,

KINGSBURY, CALIFORNIA

Eastern
Oklahoma

Has the moist, healthful climate
of the Central States; raises corn
and cotton side by side ; has a
soil as rich as that of Central
Illinois. Champion potato dis-
trict of the United States.

The country is new, and land
values are as yet comparatively
low. They will soon be higher.

The Wonderland of Progress

Write for particulars.

GENERAL PASSENGER OFFICE

The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. System

Railway Exchange, Chicago

Bee -Keepers

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer A\fS' ©Om

Jamestown, N. Y.

g^^'Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in i2tli year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

STANDARD

AND

Poultry

Qqq Supplies

The best of evervthing for the
poultry and bee-keeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest.

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS

Our 60-page Catalog is ready. Send
for it. It's free.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Griggs Block

Toledo, Ohio.

130

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ORDER NOW.

If you want Bee Supplies of any kind
you should send your order now. Later
the rush will be so great that it will be
impossible to fill all orders promptly.

We save you 25% on supplies of all kinds.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power BIdg. Minneapolis, Minn.

■siiS.

m

m

The Wood Bee Hive Texas Queens.

and Box Co.,

Lansing, - Michigan

gives two per cent,
discount until April
15 on the best Dove-
tailed Hive made.
Price, only $1.25 on
a story and half hive.
200 second-hand
hives for sale cheap.
12-04-tf

INCREASE is a handsome little book telling
how to form new colonies without break-
ing stocks. A simple, sure, satisfactory
plan. 25c.
BABY NUCLEI tells how to mate many
queens from sections with a mere handful
of bees. 42 pages, 20 pictures. Plain,
cheap, simple. 50c.
QUEENS and QUEEN REARING OUTFITS
FOR SALE Golden-all-over and Cauca-
sian Queens. Circulars Free.

E. Ij. PPIA.TT, Swarthmore, Penn.

From The Cotton Belt Apiaries. Queens, from
May ist to Nov. ist: One untested, 75 cents; 6 for
$4.00, 12 tor $7.50, 24 for $12.00, 5ofor$23.5o, 100
or 500 for $45.00 per hundred. Tested Queens,
$1.00 each; breeders, the very best, $3 00 each,
straight 5 band breeders J5.00 each.

Send for circular and price list which gives
full information . Don't wait; place your orders
early. Queens ready to go May ist.

DENTON

4-05- It

& RIBBLE,
Roxton, Tex.

WHEN
YOU SEE

THE
YELLOW

COVER

YZ

THINK OF YELLOWZONES

White Poplar

Four-piece sections for $2.70 to $3.00
a thousand. Write for circular and
price-list of other supplies. 4-05-3t

W. H. NORTON, Skowhegan, Me.

THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW

131

Is the name under which Mr. Hutchin-
son, for five years, sold my strain of
bees, guaranteeing safe arrival, safe
introduction, purity of mating, and en-
tire satisfaction to the extent that the
queen could be returned any time with-
in two years, when the money would
be returned, together with 50 cts extra
to pay for the trouble. Although he
sold hundreds of queens each j'ear. in
only two instances was he asked to
return the money, while there were
hundreds of letters from pleased pur-
chasers. Not more than half a dozen

queens were reported as impurely
mated, in all of those j'ears, while the
losses in transportation and introduc-
tion were not serious; yet, on account
of those guarantees, Mr. Hutchinson
asked $1.50 for a queen. I can now
sell you queens that are exactly the
same, and guarantee safe arrival any-
where in the U. S., Canada, or Cuba,
at the following prices: Single queen,
$1.00; six for $5.00; one dozen for $9.00.
Send for a handsome circular that
gives the experience of well-known bee-
keepers with this stock.

J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Kentucky.

uiclei

•ri:

eiivery

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Either Golden or "Red Clover," befoiejulyat
the following prices:

1 6 12

Untesied $ i oo $ 5 oo 5 9 00

Warranted tested i 25 700 1300

Tested i 50

Select Tested 200

Breeders from Ss np 1 6 12

?-fraine nucleus (no queen) S2 50 $14 00 $27 00

When Queen •; are wanted with Nuclei add

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901
Mr. J. D Blocher—

Dear Sir : I thought I
would let you know as to the results from the nu-
clei sent me. They were placed in ten-frame
h'ves, and are now in fine condition. From one
I removed 24 p'unds of honey, f>nd had to give
six of them more room, as they were hanging
out. They have more than reached my expecta
tions. „ „ ,. ,,

Yours Resp., V,. K, Meridith

Do not send personal checks unless you
send 1 Oc extra for collection.

irice of anj' Queen wanted

D. J, BILOCHEB.P Pearl Cit^p Ills

Mff^o CoampmEas^

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1905
Cataloofue and Illustrated Price Dist — free for the asking-.

!^p.^^^^^(i

?^^§^^^^l^^^^^^8^

132

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

wm^

^'^^i^^^i^'e

"DADAIJT'S fOUflDATION"

IT EXCELS.

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We Guarantee Satisfaction.
BEE=SUPPLIES

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Beeswax Wanted at all times.

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Agents for Michigan.

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^ B^fe^S^fe'^TO!^'^ s

Bees and Queens

Have you tried my queens? They are as good
as money can buy; they are daughters of impor-
ted mothers; and no i ains have been spared to
mate them purely. When you send me an orc'er
I fill it promptly and guarantee perfect satisfac-
tion. I have the three-banded Ita'ians, goldeus,
Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy Lands and Albinos.

Untested queens, of either race, 7 cts. each;
tested, $1.50; breeders. $3.00. Special prices on
lots of a dozen or more. Two-frame nuclei a
specialty.

7-04.tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

BEE-SUPPliIES.

lieoiis' Goods at paetopy Ppiees.

Best shipping- point in the United
States. Special incUicements on bee-
hives. 88 page Catalog — good infor-
mation for all bee-keepers — free. Ask
about our free pocket mirror.

C, M, SCOTT & CO.,

1002 E. Washington St.
30551 INDIANAPOLIS, ^IND

■H. H. HYDE, San Antonio, Texas.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
W. Z. flnTCHlNSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAY 15, 1905. NO. 5.

ana^lim^ I,

Col©imies ©f

'o^^im iim

BY H. H. HYDE.

YERY different management is neces-
sary for the successful handling
of out-apiaries from that used in
tile home-apiary. AVith a home-yard
the work can be done a little at a time;
queens may be clipped and the bees
allowed to swarm naturally; hives and
supers maybe fixed up onl}' as needed;
a distant market is not needed, as the
apiarist can sell his entire product at
home; hired help does not have to be
considered; the apiarist can most prof-
itablj' buy any queens he may need;
comb honey can be more successfully
produced, because the apiarist can be
with the bees every daj', and see every
little detail; the bee keeper may be a
/ery slow-moving- man, whereas, to
make a success of out- apiaries, the
man must be a hustler. With a home-
apiar^s transportation to and from
work does not have to be considered;
in fact, we might go on with an endless
list of the ways in which out-apiary
work and management differs from
that of the home-apiar3^ Not only
must the manager of an out-apiarj' be

a hustler in order to succeed, but he
must be a man who can think and plan
the work days and months ahead, as
well as one always ready for emer-
gencies; and above all, one that can
successfully use hired help. In bee-
keeping, I place the man first; the
location second ; and the kind of bees
and hives third.

THE SELECTION OF LOCATIONS FOR OUT-
APIARIES.

It is follj' to attempt to run a large
lot of bees in a poor locality; we must
have a good locality to begin with. It
is best to say to the owner of the land,
"We are no trespassers; we appreciate
the privilege of placing the bees on
your land, and will pay you a certain
sum yearly." If j^ou will do this, and
treat the manright, you will very seldom
have to change the location. Secure
locations, if possible, near running
water; if not, then near a good pool or
tank. It is well to have shade if pos-
sible; but, if not, then double covers
on the hives will be all right, in fact I

136

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

prefer a ffood double cover to any
natural shade or shade-boards.

Locations should be as near together
as possible; either in a circle, or in a
long double line, and so connected that
all the bees may be seen before it is
necessary for the workmen to come in.

As many bees should be kept in each
location as the location will stand.
The fewer out-j^ards, to the number of
colonies the better. These locations
should al.so be as close together as it is
possible to place them for best results.
In onr country 100 colonies every 2f^
miles is the rule I have found best to
go by, but each man will have to deter-
mine this from experience, for himself.
I do not advise the putting up of per-
manent houses at each yard. With us
it is unnecessary; as we alwa3's use a
movable extracting house that is car-
ried from yard to yard in taking oft'
honey. Bulk-comb and section honey
are always carried home in the supers,
and, at the home-yard, a large, well-
built house is necessary for the proper
packing of the honey. In this house
all supers are cleaned up and supplied
with foundation. Very often a team
will take out a load of empt3' supers
and bring in a load of honey. A crevv^
of efficient helpers can go from yard to
3'ard and do the work, while a cheap
man can haul in the honej'.

A portable tent is also used by some
in Texas for an extracting house, and
is all right and easier to carry than
the house on wheels. All extracted
honey is put into barrels, and there
remains until sold. Bulk comb honey
is nicely stacked up in the supers and
there remains until we are ready to
pack and ship out.

HOW TO EMPLOY HELP TO ADVANTAGE.

With out-apiaries it is necessary to
have experienced helpers, they must be
utilized to the utmost; therefore, have
experienced men to do the manipula-
tions and actual work in the apiary,
while most of the work of making hives

fixing up supers, hauling of them out,
and the work of hauling in and pack-
ing of the honej', may be done with
cheaper and less experienced men.
My experience is that one reliable, ex-
pert bee-keeper, with two good assist-
ants, in addition to the owner, make
enough expert help for running 1,000
colonies of bees in out-apiaries.

The owner should figure out how
many hives and supers he will need the
next season; then get them in time,
and have them all ready for use b3' the
time that spring opens up; for he will
have no time then to get ready; he must
be ready in advance. With his hives,
supers and equipment ready and in
good shape when the early spring-
work opens up, he will have nothing to
do except to give the bees every at-
tention. Before beginning the spring-
work, a suitable camping outfit should
be provided for the apiar3'-force. and
arranged so that the men can have
every convenience possible for a camp-
ing-out-life. A good folding tent and
a folding spring cot for each man are
indispensible; and, if one of the apiary-
men is not a good cook, then a cheap
man should be provided; one who can
also assist the men in whatever wa3' he
can when not otherwise emplo3'ed. A
light spring-hack is just the thing for
the men to go in from jilace to place,
and to carry the camping and work-
outfit.

EARLY SPRING-MANAGEMENT — EIXED
FRAMES.

The first thing that we do in the
spring is to go through every colon3'
and thoroughl3' overhaul them. By
this time (Feb. iSth) all should have a
little brood on the wa3'. If we see
none we scratch the face of a frame of
capped honey, and leave it right in the
center of the cluster. The next time
we come, if no brood is present, we
look for the queen; and, if queenless,
unite with some other weak hive
having a queen. Colonies that we

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

137

think have inferior queens are marked,
and, if they show no improvement, they
are requeened at the earliest time
jiracticable. During- one or the other
of the first two over-hauling-s we
thorough! j^ clean the hives and frames
of all propolis and burr combs by
scraping-. One man can clean from 25
toSOcolonies per day; and if the bees are
so treated every spring-, the result
is that we alvva3's have clean hives
and frames to handle; and the saving
in manipulations later pa^' for this
work many times over. In this connec-
tion let me remark that for out- apia-
ries and hired help no one can afford to
tolerate loose frames. Use either the
Hoffman or closed-end frames. Hired
help cannot be relied upon to properly
space loose frames. Again, when you
wish to move the bees, and in hauling
hives and supers to and from the yards,
fixed frames are so far superior as to
need no further argument. Some have
claimed that propolis was so bad with
them that they could not tolerate fixed
frames. If these same people will
thoroughly clean their frames each
springy I think that they will soon favor
the Hoffman or other fixed frame.

After the queens have commenced to
breed rapidly, I recommend the equal-
izing of brood among all colonies hav-
ing good queens; and, at this juncture,
I would begin to systematically spread
the brood. As soon as there are two,
good, full, well-capped frames of brood
in the center of the brood nest, I would
insert between them a frame partly full
of honey and partly empty, and on
each side of the two frames of brood,
place a frame similar to the one put in
the center, placing the pollen frames
just outside these frames. If the
weather is good, the center frame will
at once be filled with eggs, and, as fast
as the cappe;! frames of brood hatch,
the other two outside frames will like-
wise be filled. As soon as there are
five frames of brood it is a simple
matter to place one or inore frames

at a time between the filled frames of
brood, and so on until the entire hive
is filled with brood. The spreading of
brood is all right when properly done
by experienced men, but not advisable
when done by others.

As the spring proceeds, and the bees
become strong-er, our object is to keep
them from swarming, and yet have
them as strong as possible when the
honey flow commences, which, with us,
is from April 1st to May 1st, owing to
locality. If the colonies become full of
brood, and show sig-ns of swarming'-,
we draw brood and bees from them,
and give empty cumbs or foundiition;
draw just enough and give the queen
just enough empty room, to keep down
swarming. With the brood and bees
removed, new colonies may be made by
putting enough together, or nuclei can
be started with two or more of the
frames of brood or bees; and a queen
cell or virgin queen given them from
cells already started for the purpose,
or from cells cut from colonies that
may have the swarming fever.

Swarming is the greatest problem to
meet in the successful manipulation of
out-apiaries; but, with us, if we can
hold it down iTntil the flow commences,
and the bees once start in the supers,
we have no more swarming. This is a
peculiarity of all the Southwestern
States, and a very good peculiarity,
too. If we cannot keep down swarm-
ing, and the bees get the fever too bad,
then we resort to the well-known
"shook-swarming, " throwing'- all the
bees of two colonies tog-ether, giving
one queen to the bees, and one to the
brood, and, a few days later, again
shake all the hatched bees from the
brood into the hive of bees, so as to
augment their strength.

SHALLOW SUPKKS AND HOW THF,Y MAY
BE USED TO ADVANTAGE.

Whether comb or extracted honey is
to be produced, it is our practice to
have one shallovy super of combs (5^

138

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

deep) for each hive; and, as this super
is usually left over or under the brood
nest the previous fall, it usually con-
tains some honev.

As soon in the spring- as the colonies
begin to become strong, this super of
combs is always placed over the brood
nest, and in very many, or themajorit3',
of cases the queen hns it partially or
entirely filled with brood by the time
tiie honej' ifow comes on.

This super of combs, or brood, as the
case may be, catches the earl}' dribs,
and we do not have to put on other
empty supers until the honey flow is
on in earnest. This super of combs
also helps to keep down swarming,
and makes the use of baits in sections
or other supers vmnecessary. By their
use, the bees at once enter the empty
super and go to work. Anything that
lessens swarming and work for out-
yards will pay anyone to thoroughly
investigate.

After the first new super, or, in
reality, the second super, is on the
hive, we tier up the same as for home-
yards, except that we are sine to give
abundatit room. If in doubt, the addi-
tional super is put on top of the filled
ones, instead of under, as is ordinaril}^
done in tiering up. The supers of
combs will be empty of brood, and full
of extracted honey, at the end of the
flow; and, if we are running for bulk
comb honey, we have a very good use
for it; if not, it is certainly no drug,
especially as we have fully that much
more honey than we would have had
without their use. For extracted
honey I also prefer these shallow
supers, because so much lighter to
handle, and from the fact that I do not
find it practicable to have or use bee-
escapes at out-yards. These shallow
supers allow us to rid them of bees the
same as section supers, which we do
by a combination of smoking and
jouncing, and then stacking them up
with a small hole left at the top of the
stack, when in an hour's time, nearly

every bee has left. This is my method
of taking oft" the honey; and in this
connection let me also get a "dig" at
queen excluders, for in the words of
one of our largest honey producers,
the}' are in truth ahd realit}' "lioney
excluders." They can be very easil}'
dispensed with, and are just that much
less machinery to handle and that much
less expensr. Another thing, whether
you use 8-frame or 10-frame hives, dis-
card division boards; at least, during
the busy season, as it takes too much
valuable time to insert and removethem
when rapidlj' working the bees.

I have already stated that I jirefer
to have extracted honej' put up in bar-
rels at the yards, and that I prefer to
pack comb honey at home, and to leave
the bees, after taking off the spring
crop, in the proper shape to catch the
summer flow. The early hone}' should
be hustled oft' at once, the supers
filled with foundation, and returned.
As to the bees, we should at once
see that none have become queenless
since the spring overhauling, and they
should be left with the brood nest and
the super of combs until the next honey
flow, should it come. If we feel sure
the later flow is coming, we spread
brood enough to get the hives again
well filled with brood; and this is an
easy matter, for, with us, immediately
after the spring flow is over, and the
honey is off, the bees begin breeding
as if it were spring again.

After the summer flow is over, the
bee-keeper should requeen his apiarj'.
While this holds good always, it is
especially so with out-apiaries. Every
spring, and every fall, the bees shoiild
be requeened, that is, all queens re-
placed that do not come up to the
standard of prolificness; and, of course,
all queens showing their age should be
removed before the}' entirely fail. It
is an easy matter for the experienced
bee-keeper to know when to replace
queens, and he should see that this im-
portant work is not neglected.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

139

LARGE HIVES AND PROLIFIC QUEENS.

Large hives and a prolific race of
bees, are very essential to the out-,
apiary man, and nothing- less than a
ten-frame Langstroth should be used.
Plenty of honey should be left on the
hives at all times, plenty of room pro-
vided for the queen, and we must have
a large hive, and, further, a prolific
race of bees. The out- apiary man has
no time to patch up crooked combs, or
combs partly drone, neither is it pos-
sible for him to always keep his hives
perfectly level, therefore the use of full
sheets of foundation are not only ad-
visable but almost an absolute neces-
sity. Right here, let me enter a plea
for good and well-made hives. Unless
the bee-keeper is fortunately situated,
is an expert mechanic, and has suit-
able tools, he better pay from 50 to 100
per cent, more, if necessary, for his
hives, rather than try to make them
himself. For me, I want nothing but
the best in my yards. Good, well-fitting
hives are far cheaper in the long run,
and always permit of easy and rapid
manipulation; a very important factor
with the out-apiary man.

MAKING INCREASE.

I have already related how I keep
down increase by drawing from the
bees, or by shaking them, the object
being to hold the bees together during
the hone}' flow ; now, if we want in-
crease at the time of shaking, if we
follow that plan, we can set the two
bodies of brood on separate stands,
and give each a queen, or a ripe cell,
and we have made 50 per cent, increase,
that is very easily secured, though at
the loss of some honey. If we have
made some nuclei previous to shaking,
some of the brood cein be very advan-
tageously given to strengthen the
nuclei thus started. My favorite plan
of increase is to have a set of combs
built out during the last summer honey
flow, one set for everj^ colony of in-
crease I wish to make, and then, im-

mediately after the flow ceases, draw
some brood and bees in exchange for
the combs from all the colonies, mak-
ing such increase as I think I can
profitably, giving such increase
young queens, previously reared; and
I will say here that with the use of
"baby nuclei," (a term given them by
me, and accepted by friend Laws) the
apiarist can always have young queens
when he wants them.

HIRED HELP AND LETTING BEES ON
SHARES.

Hired help is the most important
thing for the man to consider who
wishes to start a systemof out-apiaries,
and the man is indeed fortunate who
secures the right kind of help. There
is much for the employer and the em-
plo5'ee to learn, and each should do.
his part to make things pleasant. As
a rule, if the owner can pick up bright
intelligent young men, and teach them
the business, he will get better results
than he will to advertise and take
what he can get. The question may
come up, why not put bees out on
shares? I will say that I believe this
is really the best policy, where you
can get a good man. Furnish him a
complete outfit, and, say, 500 colonies
of bees; you furnishing everything,
including additional help, and charge
all expenses to his lot of bees, and
credit with all returns on honey and
wax, and. at the same time, pay him a
small salary; then, at the end of the
year, pay him a certain per cent, of
the net profits; thus making him inter-
ested in the profits of the business. In
a good year he has a handsome reward
for his labors; while in a poor year he
has a living. If a man wishes to
run over 1,000 colonies of bees, or they
are two widely scattered, my advice is
to give this plan a trial.

Now, Mr. Editor, among the things
that I know now that I did not know
when I began running out-apiaries,
I will say that I have found large hives

140

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

and a prolific race of bees a necessit}'.
I have discarded queen excluders,
division boards and bee escapes. I
now use full sheets of foundation, and
fixed frames, and would have no other.
I have conquered the swarming
pi'oblem, and know that not only ex-
tracted honey, but comb honey as well,
can be successfully produced in out-

3'ards. I have learned that bees must
be kept with g-ood prolific queens, and
plenty of honey left with the bees at all
times, and, above all, the bees put into
winter quarters in the best of condi-
tion, for, on this, most largely, depends
success or failure the coming year.
San Anto->iio, Texas, Nov. 11, 1904.

©ouscims,

.s^tractedl Si!

>imey im

BY ELMER TODD.

T WILL state that I am in a locality
J- like the one mentioned on page 334
of the Review for October, 1904, that is,
there is foul brood here, yet I run half
my bees for extracted honey. I have
given foul brood considerable study,
extending" over a period of 14 years,
carrying on experiments with it that
would have been more appropriate for
an experiment station than for an in-
dividual to undertake. Frommy experi-
ence, I will give some easy, inexpensive
methods whereby your subscriber, if
he understands foul brood, and, is
moderately careful, can handle the
disease as easily while producing ex-
tracted honey as though he were pro-
ducing comb honej'.

A OUEEN EXCLUDER NECESSARY.

Use a queen-excluding zinc between
the upper and lower stories, thus con-
fining the queen below, and extract
from no comb from the lower story, or
from any comb containing brood; also
be careful, when filling the upper
story for extracting, to use no combs
taken from diseased or dead colonies,
such as may contain the dried down
scales of the diseased. Do this, and
foul brood can be as easily controUeU

as though the apiary were managed
for comb honey.

HOW FOUL BROOD IS SPREAD IN AN EX-
TRACTING APIARY

The principiil causes why foul brood
spreads faster in an extracting apiary,
is due to extracting from combs con-
taining brood, some of which is, occa-
sionally, diseased, and then transfer-
ring such combs to health^' colonies.
With such management, the extractor
also becomes a source of contagion,
and might disease a whole apiary if it
were not cleaned after extracting even
one set of combs containing- brood taken
from a diseased colony.

A colony badly diseased will not
store much, if any, surplus, either of
comb or extracted honey, and, the
sooner it is attended to (if any are
allowed to'get in that condition) the
safer it will be; as such a colony' is
liable to swarm out and leave its combs
to be cleaned out b}' other bees.
While the danger of robbing is always
present at any intermission or stop-
page of a honey flow, robbers will
plunder an abandoned hive at times
when a few bees at the entrance of a
weak colony, with the entrance nar-

"THE BEE-IfEEPERS' REVIEW

141

rowed down, would "stand ofif" tlie
attack. The f^reatest dani^er lies in a
badl}' diseased colony being' liable to
abscond at any unseasonable time,
when tlie first intimation of trouble is
usually that of finding: robbers in full
possession.

Rio-ht here let me say that the quick-
est, easiest and surest way of curing- a
colony of foul brojd, is by the McEvo\'
method.

As to renovating combs with forma-
lin gas, I have not 3'et tested it long
enough to say anything positive about
it.

A COLONY ONLY SLIGHTLY DISKASKD
WILL STOKE SURPLUS.

A diseased colonj' that comes up to
the expected honeyflow not perceptibly
weakened in numbers, will be safe for
that season; as, on the incoming of the
fresh honej' the disease will not in-
crease, but rather decirase; and this
will hold good up to the end of the
hone}' flow. In such a colony the
disease will not impair the honey
gathering anil storing capacities,
whether it is run for comb or extracted
honej'; and a colony with the queen
excluded from the extracting combs is
no more of a menace to the t)alance of
the ajtiary than the same colony would
l^e were it run for comb honey; and,
with a careful apiarist, one who
thoroughly understands foid brood,
the danger of the disease spreading
from such a colony is very slight.

To prove this, before trying it ex-
tensively', extract some combs from
such a colon}', having the queen ex-
cluded from the surplus combs, and
give one or two such combs, right from
the extractor, to a nucleus tli.it 3'ou
know is fres from foul brood. If it is
jiresent in the honev left on those
combs, it will be very apt to .'ippear in
nucleus in from one to three weeks. I
have used such combs repeatedly, till I
proved it could be done with safety.

Yes, foul brood is sometimes in the
honev, but when it is in extracted

honey, I will venture to say that, 99
times out of lOO, the germs or spores
were put there by the apiarist himself,
by extracting- from combs from diseased
colonies containing brood or dry scales
of the disease.

GUARDING AGAINST ROBBERS.

When a diseased colony is cleaned
out by robbers, then the germs are in
the honey the bees carry home, sure
enough, because the robbers carry off
some of the contents of diseased cells,
as well as the honey, and if such
honey is stored in extracting combs it
will make trouble; but this dang-er can
be avoided by having- the extracting-
combs off the hives before danger of
robbing is at hand. In this locality
the robbing- of diseased colonies is
mostl}' done during the fall and earlj'
spring-.

LETTING NEWLY HIVED SW'ARMS STORE
EXTRACTED HONEY.

Another easy and sure plan, involv-
ing no risk whatever, and one that I
have used with good success, is to ar-
range all colonies, at the opening of
the clover flow, for comb honey, then
use all clover sivarins for extracting-,
hiving them on starters of foundation
in the brood nest. By this manage-
ment, I not only get a lot of new combs,
but the bees are perfectly health}',
after four or five days, even if some, or
all, of the swarms have issued from
foul brood}' hives, as, by their being-
hived on starters they are given the
essential part of the McEvoy treatment,
in being- compelled to use up, in comb
building, what honey they carried from
the diseased colony. This plan is pos-
sible here, as our honey flow is of
rather long duration, in those years
when clo\er yields, the flow lasting
with slight intermission, from June
till September 12th to 20tn.

Where so much comb honey would
not be desirable, or a short honey flow-
not admitting of it, this latter plan
could be modified by arranging only

142

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

the slig'htly diseased, or doubtful col-
onies for comb hone\', putting- extract-
ing combs on all known healthy colo-
nies. This should be done at the com-
mencement of the honey flow; and by
the way, then would be j'our time to
"get busy," and shake upon starters
of foundation, or otherwise dispose of
all diseased colonies that are too weak
to g"o to work in the sections.

York, Neb.. Oct. 21, 1904.

[While I would not like to publish
anything that would lessen the neces-
sary caution in treating foul brood, I
must agree with Mr. Todd in thinking
that the possibilities are very slight
for honey in the supers to be contam-
inated, if all brood, and brood combs,
are kept out of them. When honey is
being stored in the supers, everything
is covered up with new honey, and even
the foul brood itself practically disap-
pears in many cases. It is only when
the harvest is over, and the old stores,
from diseased cells in the brood nest,
are again drawn upon, that the disease

again appears. Time and again have
I heard Mr. McEvoy say that clean
white combs from the supers, combs
that had never contained brood, were
perfectly safe to use when emptied of
honey and cleaned by the bees. It is
quite likely that, in the majority of
cases, if not at all times, such honey is
free from contamination. I remember
that Mr. R. I. Taylor once experi-
mented by taking lionej"^ from a foul
broody colony (I don't now remem-
ber whether it was from the super, or
an outside brood comb) and giving it
to other colonies without their contract-
ing the disease.

As I have already said, I would cau-
tion against recklessness, but there
are some things yet to be learned about
foul brood, and this may be one of
them. Once we thought it necessary
to burn up hives, bees, combs and
honey — then, gradually, we began to
learn to save first one thing, then an-
other, and that honey in the supers is
not contaminated may be the next
thing we will learn. — Ed. Review.]

|t^^>c^<;^

ooaio

let]

?l!iooIfl°S^yya^mliniM

BY WM. M'EVOY.

^RIEND HUTCHINSON, I have, for
-L 3'ears, practiced the same method
as Sibbald's, except that I place three
combs of brood in the center of a hive,
fill out the hive with empty combs, lift
the old hive of bees oflP the stand, place
the hive of combs with its three combs
•of brood in on the old stand, and then
move the old hive of bees about on the
Heddon plan until I get all the field
bees back on the old stand. Sometimes
I give a comb with a queen cell about
ready to hatch which I took from a

colony that had swarmed. The old
colony I had moved away, as in the
Sibbald plan, had the old laj'ing queen
to keep it up in bees. All the differ-
ence between Sibbald's plan and mine
is that he uses one comb of brood, two
empty combs, and the rest of the
frames supplied with starters, while I
use three combs of brood and the bal-
ance of the hive is filled out with emptj^
combs. Sibbald's plan is an improve-
ment over mine, because it will control
swarming better than mine; and also

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

143

secure a j^reater amount of surplus
honey; but some of his colonies maj'
need more feedings in the fall. That's
nothing', however, if we get enough
more honey to pay for the feeding-, as
sug-jir S3'rup is much better for winter.
By shaking- off part of the bees at the
old stand, and then carr3'ing- the old
colony to a new stand, when following-
up Mr. Sibbald's method, we can
make a g'-reat success of his system,
because, it will be remembered, that
he places the super full of bees on his
prepared hive on the old stand, and
that these supers are half full oi yoiiiig
bees at the time, and these will take

the place of the old ones that wear out
before young- ones are reared.

We also know that when the old col-
ony is carried to a new stand, the field
bees will return to the old stand, leav-
ing- the young bees and old queen on the
new stand to build np into a fine
colony. Where no increase is wanted,
we can, after three days, bring- the old
colony back close to its former stand,
and, with Mr. Heddon's "jumping-
plans," reinforce the bees on the old
stand, and, a little later, unite the
same as Mr. Sibbald does.

WOODBURN, Ont., April 24. 1905.

limdflimM Q^eeim CeHls "WStlhiomt ^Sne

BY F. H. GYRENIUS.

n^ DVANCED methods of comb honey
-f^ production require an examina-
tion for queen cells once in se\en or
eight days during- the honey flow, or
swarming- season, or else the practice
of natural swarming-.

To remove the supers and take out
the combs of a hive crowded with bees
(as thej' alwaj's are at this tinie) is a
tedious job compared with simply tip-
ping- the hive back, if the supers were
only secured so they would not slide
off.

It is an indisputable fact that bees
will store more honey over a hive full
of brood, so long- as they do not attemvit
to swarm, than by any other plan or
condition. This being- the case, why
disturb or change them so long as the^'
do not make preparations to swarm ?

The proper time to do the shook-
swarming act is after queen cells are
started; and I believe no plan is supe-
rior to that described in the March K'e-
view bj' Mr. Sibbald.

As ventilation very mnch retards
swarming, I should recommend the
Pettit tapered pieces under the hives at
the approach of hot weather.

When the swarming time comes, it
would be an easy matter to tip up a
brood-nest and look for queen cells
were it not for the supers sliding off,
and to prevent that I have devised a
simple clamp for securely holding the
supers in place so that the hive may be
tipped back and the condition of the
brood nest seen at a glance.

The clamp is made of straight-grain,
hardwood, \% inches square, tapered
at one end, with a block nailed on each
of the four sides, which g-ives the
proper fulcrum with eight bearings so
it can be adjusted to take up all the
slack cord.

On the tapered end is attached a
cord with a hook to grapple in the back
hand-hole of hive, after which the
lever is turned to take up all the slack
cord.

144

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Now place the other or detached hook
in the front hand-hole. NoWj'.bear
down on lever until the proper pressure
to securely hold the supers is attained,
and wind the cord around the lever a
sufficient number of times to securely
hold it as the hive is tipped up.

Be sure the cords are wound in oppo-
site directions around the lever, so
that it will not turn, as it would if
both cords pulled on the sa}ne side.

Now g^rasp the lever around where
the cord was just wound, which will
prevent it from slipping, and also fur-
nish a very convenient handle for
tipping- the hive.

If the liive cover is strong- enough to
withstand the strain it will not be nec-
essary to remove it. If the cover is
not strong enough, it must be removed
and a piece of board laid across the
super to receive the strain. With a
little practice any onewillsoon become
efficient in its use.

Blow a little smoke in the entrance
before adjusting, then a little more,
and tip the hive back, and smoke the
bees up out of the way.

With this simple device 100 or more
colonies may be examined per hour,
and if this examination be made every
seven or eight days there need be no
fear from swarming.

Oswr.:GO, N. Y., May 5, 1905.

[Tipping the hive over ma3' seem
rather awkward and laborious, but
I have given it a trial and it is reall\'
quicker and easier than one would
think. Mr. Cyrenius sent me one
of his clamps, and I went out and
rigged up a hive with supers, and gave
the arrangement a trial. I can put it
in place in five seconds. Tlien give the
bees a puflf of smoke and the whole
business may be tipped bade with per-
fect safety, like a solid block, or a
sing-le-story hive. A little smoke at
the bottom of the combs will drive up
the bees and allow a most perfect ex-
amination of the lower part of the
combs. — Ed. Rkview. ]

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

145

Aii®ttlhier FHamio

BY F. GREINER.

IWTR. EDI
-L-^i I hav€

R. EDITOR, I am free to say that
e looked with even greater
anxiety for the April Review, in which
I expected to find adverse criticism of
the Sibbald method, than I did for the
March issue with the promised
original.

I am not a little surprised to think
that such experienced men as you, Mr.
Editor, as well as Mr. E. R. Root,
should be so taken up with a method
of handling bees, as the Sibbald, for
the production of comb hones'. In my
estimation it has nothing to commend
it.

THK CONDITION OK COLONIK.S OF MUCH
IMPOKTANCK.

The one point which the bee-keeper
ought always to keep in sight, is, how
he can bring about the best coiiditions
for his bees; how he can put them in
such shape that they will work in the
sections at once and vigorously at that;
storing the largest amount of white
honey.

In looking at the two divisions of
the colony made b}' Mr. Sibbald, what
have we ? One is robbed of a large
part of the field bees, and one brood
comb with the adhering young bees,
etc. For perhaps a week, or more,
little can be expected of it; practically',
it loses this time, right during the
heaviest hone^' flow; and, if another
"draft" is m ide on it, will lose even
more time. This would be bad.

The other division is in even worse
shape. It has no queen; it has only a
few young bees; but, if we have good
hick, we may have the larger part of
the field bees. Probably quite a few
j'oung bees were added with the super
from the parent colonj'. Mr. Sibbald

sa3's, "The bees in this colon3' will
build but little comb in the brood
chamber, but, instead, work in the
sections." His bees must be more ac-
commodating than they would be here-
abouts. A queenless colony builds
little comb anyhow; what it does build,
is largely in the brood chamber and of
drone size — a very undesirable thing.

The colony could not possibly have
even a virgin queen sooner than eight
or ten days; and, under these condi-
tions, even with more bees in the hive
than can possibly be there, we would
lose the ten days or more right in the
honey season.

It does not seem to me that we could
make a worse blunder than to break
up our colonies, a la Sibbald; on the
other hand, managed by the shook-
plan, we at once have each original
good colony in working trim, and we
can keep them thus by re-enforcements
from the parent colony'.

THK DOOLITTLE PLAN OF MAKING
INCRKASE.

With the Sibbald plan it would be
quite essential that the to-be treated-
colony should have started queen cells.
Many bee-keepers think the best time
to "shake ' is when queen cells are
started and pretty well along, or
nearl\' sealed, but it seems to me that
the success of the shook method is in-
dependent as to this. Other bee mas-
ters think so. Our friend Stachelhausen
is one. We have another old bee-
master here in this part of New York
State, Mr. E. Becker, of Vine Valley;
he does not pose as a writer, but,
nevertheless, we can be proud of call-
ing him one of our number, and
swarms are a rare thing with him.

146

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

The method he has practiced for 35
years or more is similar to the Doo-
little, except he does no "shaking-."
Each of two colonies, when in proper
strength, has half of its brood combs
removed, frames with comb foundation
being- given instead, alternated with
the remaining brood combs, and suffi-
cient section room is given. A third
colony is moved from its stand, and the
flying bees, or field-bees, are utilized
to make up a colony with the brood
combs taken from the first two colonies.
In this fashion the increase amounts to
3314 per cent., with no swarming, and a
good average honey yield. He rears
his queens from such colonies as give
him the largest 3nelds, regardless of
color of the bees. He says his black

bees work on red clover as well as his
Italians.

Mr. Editor, if you should come to
these parts during the warm season, I
will give )'ou a ride on our beautiful
Canandaigua lake, and take you to
see Mr. Becker at Vine Valley. You
will be pleased to meet him.

The above desirable plan works well
in Mr. Becker's locality; it might not
in Michigan or Texas. One of the
essential things, according to Mr.
Becker, is that bees must not get into
the notion of swarming, but must be
taken before they start queen-cells. In
handling out-yards it is not always
practical to wait till they do before we
treat them.

Naples, N. Y., April 17, 1905.

«^fc*'»^v^.^»»k^u»«;»M'*F^^»i>*^^^^'^«jr^«'«[r»ii^*»u»v»»<nt»^^^»*^»^^L»^^u»u»ii;»»,»*,»^i»»;»»^*-»^»«^u»*^»»»*^^it»u»fc»u»u<nt»

• "^a^^n** »;i*^»F^« «^»^'»,»*»« ".ir^*".*** ^jr^a*^" s^li^k^^

"Where timorous knowledge stands
abashed, audacious ignorance hath
done the deed."

The Truth about many things is even-
tually learned only after discarding
many falsehoods.

The Review Editor is a bee-keeper
once more. He is beginning the season
with nine colonies; and, b}' using full
sheets of foundation, and furnishing
queens, is going to see what he can do
in the waj' of increasing them.

stings on tiie hands may be largely
prevented by washing the hands in
strong vinegar, says Ira D. Brrtlett, of
East Jordan, Mich. He says it is
really amusing to see the bees dart at
the hands, and then dodge back just as
they have touched or nearly' touched
the skin. It is probabl3' the odor that
does the business.

'■^^«»*« »;»^^w"^^»'^rfm«T>jr«

The Rural Bee-Keeper has advanced
its price to $1.00 a year, and it is
worth it. Experience seems to prove
that it is a difficult matter to profitably
publish a good bee journal, even if only
a inonthly, for less than $1.00 a 3'ear.

*^ii^i^^»»^>i«

The Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation is out with its fourth annual
report. It is very neatly printed by
the American Bee journal, and con-
tains, also, a report of the proceedings
of the Northwestern Convention.

«-»^» t'^^i'.*'.

Arthur C. Miller, I am pleased to an-
nounce, has consented to become one
the editors of the American Bee-Keeper.
Mr. Miller has had a lot of experi-
ence as a bee-keeper, especiallj' that of
an experimental, scientific kind, has a
good education, wields a facile pen,
and he and Bro. Hill will certainl3'
make a "team." The American Bee-
Keeper is to be congratulated.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

147

This Issue of the Review is a little
late, as we were waitins,'- to have
illustrations made to ^o with the
C3^renius article — it seemed as though
it ought to appear in this issue in order
to be of much use this year, and it
came to hand just as we were almost
ready to g'O to press.

t^^mr^M^J'^n^n.

Smoke must be used with judgment
when using' it to release a queen from
■d. ball of bees. If //oi smoke is blown
upon the bees they are quite likely to
sting the queen. If the smoker is held
so far away that the smoke is cool be-
fore it reaches the bees they will
release her without harm as surely as
though the ball had been placed in a
dish of water.

ii,ni^»^^«»»v»

The National Associalion will meet in
San Antonio, Texas, probably during
the International Fair that will be held
in that place the latter part of October
and fore part of November. When this
fair is in progress, low rates are given
for 600 or 700 miles from San Antonio.
At that time of the year there are
usually excursion rates from nearlj' all
parts of the country, those from Chi-
cago being only $20.00 for the round
trip. Exact dates will be decided upon
as soon as the fair managers and rail-
roads decide upon dates.

«»*^ •a/'^r^^^^

Observation Hives, as usually made,
are rather meager in the facilities that
they afford for actual observation, but
the A. I. Root Co. has been making a
hive for Mr. Edward F. Bigelow, of
Stamford, Conn., which allows of most
extended observations. It is particu-
larl}^ adapted for use in dwellings and
for lectures in school rooms, and the
like. Any one interested should send
for a copy of May 1st Gleanings and
read about it. It is well-illnstrated
and there are several pages of descrip-
tion.

Mr. Abbott, at the Northwestern con-
vention last fall, as he has at other
times, placed great stress upon the
desirability of caging the new queen
in the colony to which she is to be in-
troduced, a day or two before the re-
moval of the old queen. When the old
queen is found and removed he would
then allow the bees to release the new
queen. With this management, he says
queens are universally accepted.

'T^^tn^n^n^M^jt

Mr. W. A Chrysler, of Chatham, Ont.,
when renewing his subscription to the
Review, mentioned having secured 100
pounds of surplus honey, per colony,
in one location, from a plant that a
Professor at the Guelph Agricultural
College calls Spurges, but he could not
give the exact species, on account of
the imperfect nature of the spechnens
sent him. The Professor goes on to
say that all of the Spurges are poison-
ous plants, and to be avoided at all
times. These plants have a uiilky
juice which is poisonous, and the Pro-
fessor thinks it probable that the bees,
while collecting- the nectar, also come
in contact with the juice. He says,
still further, that honey made from the
nectar of these plants is hot and dis-
agreeable to tlie taste, and likely to
cause vomiting and purging. Mr.
Chrysler does not mention any such
results from the eating of the honey,
but he is fearful of the bees wintering
well on this honey. He has never be-
fore seen nor heard of such honey.

'■mP-m^^W^'

Advertisements in some of the farm-
papers, and general newspapers, urge
upon city people, villagers, farmers —
especially women folks — to go into bee-
keeping. They tell how profitable,
fascinating and healthful it is, and
how easily it is learned. I suppose it
maj' be "business" for the manufactur-
ers of supplies, and the publishers of
bee journals, to thus help to make ad-
ditions to our ranks, but, if this thing

148

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

is carried too far we will soon have to
start another "Leag-ue. " Seriously,
it seems to me that it would be better
if the publishers of bee journals
devoted all of their energies to the bet-
terment of existing beekeepers, in-
stead of trying to avigment their num-
bers. It does not seem like a kindness
to either the new recruits nor to the old
hands, when we urge people to enter
bee-keeping at the same time that we
are donating hundreds of dollars to try
and lift the honey market even to a
norm-il plane.

Twenty per cent, of the receipts will
now be paid General Manager France,
instead of 15 per cent, as heretofore.
The Board of Directors has so decided
by a practically unanimous vote. Even
this will be small pay for the amount
of work thac Mr. France does for bee-
keepers. Last year he neglected his
regular foul brood work to work for
the National, to such an extent that
$200 of the fonl brood fund remained
unused. This means that Mr. France
lost just that much money that he
might have earned. We have never
had a manager the equal of Mr.
France, and we certainly ought to pay
all that it is possible for us to pay
him. Only recently Mr. France wrote
numerous letters, then rode all night,
spent three days' time, $12.00 railroad
fare, hotel bills, etc , in order to secure
a reduction in tlie freight rate on the
round, jacketed, tin cans tilled with
honey. He succeeded, too, and, here-
after, they will berated as fourth class
freight. This is the Ivind of a man to
have as Manager, and wiien we have
got such a man we better keep him if
we can.

Questions Answered Regarding the Making
of Rapid Increase.
A subscriber wants to know if I
bought $2.00-queens when making
three colonies build up to 33 in one
season. No, I was in the queen rear-

ing business at the time, and there
were always plenty of queens in the
yard to spare. Queens can be reared
for tliis purpose, or, in the summer,
they can be bought for 50 cts each.

My friend also wishes to knovi' if I
had hives full of empty combs. No; I
used full sheets of foundation.

Still further, he would like to know
if I kept the entrance closed, for a few
days, to the hive of a newly made
colony. No; the bees were allowed to
fly freely. Most of the old bees would
of course, return to tlieir old homes;
but there would soon be a fl3'ing-force
of bees that had never flown from any
otlier hive.

The Foretelling of Swarming.
Tlie tendenc}' of tlie times is to the
keeping of more bees; to the establish-
ing of out-apitiries; and to the controll-
ing of swarming, either by "shaking,"
or by some other method, of which the
Sibbald is an illustration. The great
obstacle to this plan is to know in ad-
uance if a colony is making prepara-
tions for swarming. If a colony will
keep on working, with no' thoughts of
swarming, well and good, we don't
wish to disturb it; but the only way to
know whether it is on swarming bent,
is to examine the brood combs for
queen cells. With a populous colony',
upon which are two or three supers, it
is a somewhat unpleasant, laborious
and time-consuming task. It is very
evident that some method will be de-
veloped whereby this examination can
be quickly and easily made. One
plan is described in this issue of the
Review.

The Need of an Avocation.
Mr. Jas. H. Cantield, in the May
Cosmopolitan, in a most excellent arti-
cle entitled "The Philosoph}' of Stay-
ing in Harness," says, among other
things, "With very rare and brilliant
exceptions, he is necessarilj' and
always a man of limited horizon, of

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

149

narrow circle, whose entire time and
streng'th g'o, lifelong-, to his vocation.
Every man should have at least one
avocation, to which he maj' turn for
that change of life-current which is
far more restful than mere idleness.
Some intellectual diversion should
always be in hand; growing- larger and
more generous, more valuable more en-
grossing, with passing years. Itmaybe
that in middle life the avocation will
claim quite as much time and strength
as the vocation, and it may even happen
that in later years the last shall be
first and the first shall be last, in inter-
est and devotion; but the harness which
enables one to pull his share of life's
load should never be taken off. ' '

■Miru/^m^HM^k

The Sibbald System.

I have published a whole lot of criti-
cism of the Sibbald plan of preventing
swarming and controlling increase.
Some think it isn't new, that it has
been tried and discarded, others think
it is similar to plans already published
(and it is in some respects), and others
who have tried plans somewhat similar
have found them desirable. This
method has certainly got to run the
gauntlet, and, if it can't stand the
criticisms, if it is valueless for the pur-
pose for which it is intended, the
sooner it is known the better. The
same is true if it proves valuable in
different locations and under varying
conditions.

If I understand Mr. Sibbald aright,
it is not so much intended as a method
for artificial increase, as it is to over-
come the swarming fever, after which
the two divisions are to be united. If
we desire increase, knoiv that we want
it, and are going to have it, there are
probably better methods of making the
division, but to get rid of the swarming
fever, and have the forces again united
in about four daj's, is the prime object
of the plan. Mr. E. R. Root, in his
criticism of the plan, evidently over-
looked this point of the length of time

that the two divisions are to be kept
separate. He speaks of keeping them
apart ten days. If he will read care-
fully he will see that Mr. Sibbald
speaks of making the union in "three
or four days."

My advice is still what it has been
all of the time. Don't be prejudiced
for or against the plan, but give it a
trial upon a sufficiently large scale to
make the experiment worth something.
When through, let usknow the results;
that is what bee journals are for, to
get at the truth of things and let bee-
keepers know it.

The Abbott- Hutchinson-Sugar-Honey-
Discussion.

I am going to waste a few more lines
on this subject, then I think I shall be
done. Mr. Abbott publishes, in his
April issue, two articles that were first
sent to me, and comments upon the fact
that I declined to print them. It prob-
ably was not so intended, but it gives
the impression that I am not willing to
give both sides a hearing. The facts
are, that these two articles were only a
small portion of the articles and letters
that were received on the subject; the
majority protesting against a discus-
sion of the subject. The truth of the
matter is, there has never been a fair,
square, honest discussion of the matter.
For instance, Mr. Abbott said that
Prof. Cook and Mr. Frank Cheshire
did not agree that bees changed over
cane sugar when they handled it. I
showed him that they agreed perfectly,
and gave page and verse where the
matter could be found. Mr. Abbott
ignores this point entirely; and I am
through with the matter unless some of
my opponents bring up &o\xi& arguments
on the subject.

One of Mr. Abbott's correspondents
expresses his delight at the "stand
that Mr. Abbott has taken." I don't
know as there is anything praise-
worthy ii:i this "stand." It is simply

ISO

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

in accordance with the popular belief.
To take a stand in opposition to popular
belies is what requires courag'e.

Mr. Abbott also thinks it "funny"
that the National Association should
elect as Secretar}' a man holding the
views I do upon the subject. There is
nothing so very strange about this, as
nearly everything the National has
done in the last three years has been
regarded by Mr. Abbott as "funny."

'•"^'»^*,»^.»*»

An Easy, Novel Method of Treating Foul
Brood.
It would seem as though nothing new
could be said on the subject of treat-
ing foul brood, but when at the Chi-
cago and Northwestern convention last
fall, Mr. \V. H. H. Stewart, of Emer-
son, 111 , described to me a plan of
which I had never heard. Nearly all
methods include the allowing of all
healthy brood to hatch, and the final
removal of all hatched bees from the
diseased combs. In Mr. Stewart's
plan, advantage is tnken of the fact
that when a bee flies naturally, and
undisturbed, from afoul broody colony,
it carries with it no traces of disease,
and would not injure a healthy colony,
should it enter the colony. Closing up
the entrance of an infected colony, bor-
ing a hole in front of the hive, and
putting on a bee escape— thus forcing
the returning bees to enter a nearby
hive containing the queen and a comb
of healthy brood, is an old, and well-
tried, plan of utilizing this idea, but
Mr. Stewai-t's plan is simply that of
giving the colony a new location, and
allowing the returning bees to enter
any colonies that they choose— prob-
ably those standing near the old stand.
The diseased colony is moved in the
evening, after the bees have stopped
flying. Even if the moving does dis-
turb the bees, or cause them to fill
themselves with honey, none fly from
the hive, and by morning, all has be-
come quiet, and all bees leaving the
hive will be empty and in a normal

condition. When such bees return
with a load, they go back to the old
location, and join some neighboring
colony. They are not lost. Other
things being equal, a bee is worth as
much in one colony as in another-

In eight or ten days, the hive is again
moved to a new location, and left there
several days, when it is picked up and
carried into the shop. As the bees
hatch out, and become old enough to
fly, the^' leave the hive, fly to the win-
dow, go out through an escape, and
probably join some colony in the
apiary.

The combs eventually become free of
bees or healthy brood, when they ma3'
be rendered into wax after extracting
the honey. All this has been accom-
plished without any risky shaking off
of the bees, or even so much as t/ie
opening of a hive. Can anything be
more simple or eas}' of accomplish-
ments.

^«^H«^rf»^m«-»

Send Out Samples of Honey Accompan-
ied With Handsome, Appropriate
Literature.

"Stenog.," the proof reader of
Gleanings, has a brother in New York
City. He has been more or less inter-
ested in advertising, for many 3'ears.
After reading about the Honey Pro-
ducers' League, he wrote me a private
letter. It was so full of good things,
that I wrote and secured permission to
print it. Here is the letter: —

New York, Apr. 24, 1905,
W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mich.
Dear Sir:

I have been much interested in the
report in Gleanings of thegathering of
honey men and the discussion as to the
best means of getting rid of the surplus.
It is a big question. You can hire a
man to write advertisements and you
can pay the Ladies' Home Journal f6
per line; but will this be enough ?

Personally, I have great faith in ■
sampling. If some means could be \
found whereby every house could be
presented with a cute little box con-
taining, say an ounce of honey in the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

151

comb, or extracted, and with it there
could be f,'-lven one of these leaflets.
Food Vahie of Honey, unless some-
thhig- later and better has been g-otten
lip, it would produce good results. I
think a nicely illustrated pamphlet
showing- the whole process of an apiary
would be a good thing- and therein
might be incorporated this leaflet. Have
the printing done iu first-class style — the
very best.

Maybe that samples of candied honey
would be good to pass around.

You see an inch in the Ladies' Home
Journal will cost $84. Or '4 page
$1,000. There are scores of other ads.
and the others tend to take the atten-
tion from the hone_v. But there is no
getting awaj' from a sample, and a nice
pamphlet vvith recipes will be very apt
to be saved. Then have the g-rocers
talked to — they need it as much as the
consumer. Show them that it will be
mone^v in their pockets to push honey.
Need not dwell much on any other
point with them, because all the aver-
age grocer wants is something- that
will sell well and pay him for his
trouble. He don't care about its medi-
cal or healthful features.

I would of course do some g-enei al
advertising; but in a judicious manner.
$5,000 will not be a flea bite if you put
it into general advertising-. I live in
East Orang-e, N. J., and in the town-
ship there are 25,000 people. Such
communities are simply' boarding-
houses of the city of New York, and
are well-to-do, and would be worth
canvassing. N. Y. alone ought to use
a large part of your surplus.

I have been in the advertising- line
for over 20 years, and my greatest
grief is to see the amount of money
that is wasted in advertising. I know
that there is not a quarter as much
honey eaten as there ought to be, and
if the problem of increasing the con-
sumption can be increased by a very
small fraction per capita you are
all right. Ourpeople use 12 pounds of
coffee per capita per year, and drink 18
gallons of beer. How can we induce
them to use a little less of these and a
little more honey ?

Yours sincerel}',

Y. J. Root.

In giving me permission to use his
letter, Mr. Root said :—

I will be glad if my poor efforts will
assist in the slightest. I sent a note
to Ernest in which I rather elaborated
one point I spoke of to you, and that is
in the get-up of a booklet. If you have
never seen the one issued b3' the Franco-
American Soup Co., let me know, and
I'll send you one, if they are not all
out. Expensive, to be sure; but it
fairly makes j'our mouth water for
their soups; and such a book on honey
would be especially enticing. A "true
to life" lithog-raph of a hot biscuit and
honej'; a field uf buckwheat; a bee —
these things all count. I look at it
from the point of trying to reach the
consunier.

F. J. Root.

That's the kind of literature we
want — that will fairly make the mouth
water — for hone}'.

WINTERING NUCLEI.

Some Interesting Experiments in Wintering
Small Lots of Bees.

In an article under the heading of
"The Svvarthmore System," the British
Bee Journal for March 2, 1905, Mr. J.
H. Horn tells of his experience in
wintering- over extra queens in the
^W'arthmore mating-box. He says: —

I have this winter tried the experi-
ment of wintering queens on the small

Swarthmore frames, with about half a
pint of bees to each queen. I had a
look at them at about the first week in
this month to see how these small lots
were progressing, and found the queens
alive, and egg-laying to all appear-
ances, but thought it best not to lift the
combs out. I might mention that these
small lots have been exposed to all
weathers in open g-round.

Of course, English climate is not
nearly so severe as ours, but Svvarth-
more writes me as follows: -

I have successfully wintered queens
the past winter in mating-boxes, and

152

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

they came through perfectly. Next
season I shall put away a large num-
ber of queens in mating-boxes, and
shall expect to have early queens to
offer in competition with Southern
breeders. We made up our mating-
boxes late in the season, giving from
two to three cupfuls of young bees to
each box, as explained in the "Baby
Nuclei," and just before settled cold
weather came on we slipped in fat, full
combs of good, well-sealed honey. On
examination in February, the bees yet
had honey to spare, but we gave them
a full one, to make sure, removing the
one having the least brood. We have
now placed two of these small lots
upon full combs to see if they will
build up from this into full colonies.

If extra queens could be wintered
over in nuclei containing even as much
as a quart of bees, bj' placing them in
the cellar, it would be a big thing for
Northern queen rearers. I would be
interested in knowmg how successful
men have been in wintering small lots
of bees in the Northern States.

HERSHISER, NON-SWARMING PLAN.

In What Respect it Resembles theSibbald
Plan.

My good friend, O. L. Hershiser, of
Buffalo, N. Y., writes me that his plan
for preventing swarming is similar to
that of the Sibbald plan, and that he
published a description of it two years
agointhe Rocky Mountain Bee Journal.
In that Journal for March, 1903, I find
an article by Mr. Hershiser in which
he lays down cei-tain principles that
we must follow if swarming is to be
controlled. Having done this, he pro-
ceeds to tell how he puts these prin-
ciples into practice, which is as fol-
lows:—

The colony sliould be built up as
rapidly and as strongly as possible by
the use of an additional brood cham-
ber, making the hive two stories high,
as soon as the chamber, in which the
colony has wintered, is crowded with
bees and the spring weather conditions
are favorable. At the approach of the

first surplus honey season — usuallj'
white clover in the east and north and
alfalfa in the west — and when the hive
in both sections of tlie brood chamber
is literally full of bees, and when, if the
bees swarm naturally, the brood would
not chill after the swarm had departed,
remove the lower section or portion of
the double brood chamber with the
queen to another stand which should
be along side of the old stand and con-
tiguous to it. In fact, a stand large
enough for two colonies to be placed
upon, side by side, is the ideal ar-
rangement for this pupose.

In place of the lower part of the
brood chamber thus removed, substi-
tute a brood chamber with clean
frames of starters. Now all the field
honey gathering bees will return to the
old stand, leaving the brood chamber
with the queen with sufficient young
bees that have not tlovvn, to take care
of the brood; and this removed portion
of the hive is in the best possible con-
dition for rapid increase of bees, that
is, rapidly hatching brood and not
enough honey being gathered by this
colony of 3'oung bees to keep the cells
filled with honey as they hatch. Empty
combs should be substituted for any
combs that are full of honej', in order
that the queen may be allowed to lay
to her full capacit3'. The bees occupy-
ing the hive on the old stand will at
once commence to rear queens and in
due course of tune a fine batch of queen
cells will be found in the upper cham-
ber, usually along the bottom bars of .
the frames, one cell only of which
should be allowed to hatch and the
queen to become fertile in the colony.
By the time the young queen begins to
lay, practically all the brood in this
upper chamber on the old stand will
have hatched. Now remo\e the colony
with the old queen to a new stand, pre-
ferably about ten feet to the rear of the
stand from vvhicli originally taken;
shake the bees clean from the combs in
the upper stor}' of the culon3' on the old
stand that has reared the young queen,
in front of their hive; remove this upper
story, with the frames shook clean of
bees, and place it as an upper stor}' to
the hive with the old queen; jilace a
super of sections on the hive in place
of the upper story that has been re-
moved from the hive on the old stand.

Now, we have a colony working for i
comb hone}' that has a j'oung queen
that IT HAS KKAKRD — the first requisite
of non-swarming; it is a colony the
brood chamber of which is supplied

THE BEE-I'EEPERS' REVIEW

153

with starters and contains little or no
brood — a second requisite of non-
swarming", and a colony that, to all in-
tents and purposes, has swarmed — a
third requisite of non-swarming-. Be-
sides, the hive with the super is in the
best possible condition for a crop of
fancy comb lioney, providing- the fore-
g-oing- manipulations are performed at
the proper time, and the hive with the
old queen is in fair shape to g-ather a
verj' satisfactory crop of extracted
honey, provided the honey flow con-
tinues long: enoug-h for it to rear the
worker bees, with no likelihood of
swarming-, because the season there-
fore will have passed before it attains
to suflicient strength.

If no increase is desired, when the
colony on the old stand is prepared for
comb hone.v work, move the colon}'
with the old queen on the opposite side
of the colon}' on the old stand, with the
entrance as near as possible thereto
and facing- in the same direction and
in one week return it to its orig-inal
position on the now opposite side of
the hive, and repeat this moving- to op-
posite side and back again weekly
through the season to keep the colony
with the 3'oung queen at all times well
supplied with worker bees.

Thus we will liave the work of two
queens in the comb honey colon}', in-
stead of one, resulting in a greatly in-
creased production of fancy honey. At
the end of the season the old queens
may be disposed of to the best ad-
vantage of the apiarist and the combs
she has occupied may be extracted and
stored for the following season's use.

Commenting upon the foregoing, the
editor says the chief objection is that
if we wait until the young queen is
laying before putting a super on the
comb honey colony, half the harvest is
passed before the work of storing in
the sections will be commenced.

The ideaof putting theold queen and
a part of the brood upon a new stand,
and allowing the rearingof a new queen
upon the old stand, is employed in the
Sibbald, Miller and Hershiser plans,
but that is about as far as I can trace
the resemblances. Mr. Hershisermakes
this division whether the colony is
making preparations to swarm or not;
Mr. Sibbald waits until queen cells
have been started; while Dr. Miller

waits until the colony has swarmed.
As a rule, it is desirable that there
be no swarming or division. If a
colony will work right along, with no
swarming fever, better results are
secured, especially here in our short,
northern seasons. I have known
seasons when not more than half of my
colonies swarmed. I have never had
more than two-thirds of them swarm.
So long as a colony is working along
energ-etically, with no thoughts or
swarming, we are the gainer to let it
alone. Mr. Sibbald's plan, as well as
Dr. Miller's, includes that advantage.
Mr. Hershiser puts several combs of
brood upon the old stand, rears a
queen there, and then unites the two
divisions, if no increase is desired.
Mr. Sibbald leaves only one comb of
brood upon the old stand, and that has
queen cells upon it, and he does not
keep the two divisions separate more
than four or five days, simply long
enough for the bees of the old colony to
destroy the queen cells, and both divis-
ions to get rid of the swarming fever,
when they are again united.

DR. MILLER'S "PUT UP" PLAN.

In What Respect it Resembles the Sibbald
Non-Swarming System.

Mr. A. E. Dixon, of Point Loma,
California, in writing me says "The
Sibbald method is practically the same
as that described by Dr. Miller as the
'put up' plan. You will find it on
page 163 of 'Forty Years Among the
Bees.' The only difiference is that the
doctor, having clipped queens, waits
until the swarm has issued and re-
turned, before beginning the manipu-
lations, vvhile Mr. Sibbald heads off
swarming by doing the work when he
finds queen cells. I use practically the
Miller 'put up' plan, except that I an-
ticipate swarming, the same as Mr.
Sibbald does."

154

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Upon reading- the foregfoing-, I looked
up the Miller "put-up" plan, and it
does resemble the Sibbald plan in
some respects, notably that of putting-
the old queen and the brood upon a
new stand until the queen cells are
destroyed. Perhaps I better publish
the plan, entire. Here it is: —

"When a swarm issues and returns,
it is ready for treatment immediatel}^
although usually it is put down in m3'
memorandum of work to be done, and
the time set for it may be the next da3'
or any time within five days, just as
suits my convenience, as the queen is
caged at the time of swarming, and left
in the care of the bees.

Within five days, I take oi¥ the super,
and put most of the brood-combs into
an empty hive. Indeed, I may take all
the brood-combs, for I want in tliis
hive all the combs the colony should
have. In the hive left on the stand, I
leave or put from one to three frames,
general!}' two. These combs must be
sure to have no queen cells, and ma}'
be most safely taken from a j'oung or
weak colony having no incliuc^tion to
swarm. The two combs are put in
one side of the hive, two or three dum-
mies placed beside them, and the rest
of the hive left vacant.

The question ma}' be asked, "Will
not the bees build comb in this vacant
part of the hive?" No; at least they
do not for me. Oueenless colonies are
little g-iven to comb-building, and not at
all inclined to make a fresh start in a
new place.

If I did not do so at the time of tak-
ing out the frames, I now shake the
bees off from about half t'M frames,
not being particular to shake them oft"
clean. These bees areof course shaken
off into the hive on the stand. The
supers are now put on the hive with its
two or three frames of brood, the cover
is put over the super, and the "put-up"
hive filled with brood is placed over
all.

A plenty of bees will be left to care
for the brood, the queen will commence
laying, all thought of swarming is given
up, and ever}' queen-cell torn down by
the bees. In perhaps two days I take
a peep to see if the queen is laying,
for it sometimes happens that at the
time when I "put up the queen" (as I
call the operation I have just described),
there is already a young queen jnst
hatched, and then the old queen is
pretty sure to be destroyed. In this

latter case I may remove the young
queen and give them a laying one, or I
may let the young queen remain.

In ten days from the time the swarm
issued — sometimes ten days from the
time I "put up the queen" — I put down
the queen. If, by chance, a young
queen is in the upper hive, I do not
like to put her down until she com-
mences laying- and her wing is clipped,
for fear of her taking out a swarm. It
seems a foolish operation tor them to
swarm when there is nothing in the
hive from which a queen can be reared,
but I have had it happen. The opera-
tion of putting down is very simple. I
lift the hive off the top, place it on the
ground, remove the supers, take the
hive off the stand, place it on one side,
put the hive containing the queen on
the stand, and replace the supers.

You will see that this leaves the
queen full chance to lay from the
minute she is uncaged, and at the time
of putting down there will be as much
brood as if the queen had remained in
her usual place. Most of the bees, of
course, adhered to the lower hive when
the queen was put up, but by the time
she is put down quite a force has
hatched out, and these have marked
the upper hive as their location. Upon
this being taken away, the bees, as
they return from the field, will settle
upon the cover, where their hive was,
and form a cluster there; finally an ex-
plorer will crawl down to the entrance
of the hive below, and a line of march
in that direction has been established .
immediately. In a day or two they
will g-o straight to the proper entrance.

I may add that the doctor either
shakes the bees from the two combs
that had been left on the old stand,
and returns them to their old location,
or to any nucleus that needs them, or
else he g-ives them a new stand and
allows them to build up into a colony.

The Sibbald plan has for its object
that of forestalling swarming, in order
that out-apiaries may be managed by
periodical visits, while the Miller plan
is simply a treatment to allow swarm-
ing, yet prevent increase, but the two
plans do resemble each other in that
the queen and brood are placed upon a
new stand until the queen cells are
destroyed. Sibbald puts one comb of
brood with queen cells upon the old

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

155

stand, while the doctor is very careful
not to have any queen cells left upon
the old stand. Just why, I am not
able to say, as the bees will at once
proceed to construct queen cells. The
doctor also shakes off half the bees
into the hive on the old stand — Sibbald
does no shaking. Sibbald keeps the
two divisions separate only about four
days, while the doctor keeps them
separate from ten to fifteen days.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
4-04-M 147-149 Ct>lar Lake koad

ITALilArlQUEEHS

Untested, 50 cents each, tested, 75 cents each:
Carniolan queens, same price. Bankston babj'
nucleus liive nailed ready for use, by inail, 35cts. ;
nursery cage, by mail, 35 cts. Send for circular.
Full instructions are sent showing how to op-
erate the new Oueen Rearing out&t.
C. B. BANK,STON.

Milano,
05-5-tf Milam, Co., Tex.

The Bee-Keepers
Paradise.

300,000 Acres of Wild Land for sale,
in the Famous Fruit Belt Region of
Michigan, at low prices and on easy
terms.

These lands are especially' adapted
to fruit culture, all the most desirable
fruits being cultivated with especial
success.

These uncultivated lands also pro-
duce immense quantities of wild ber-
ries, from which large crops of honey
are obtained, at a good profit to the
Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and circulars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address:

J. E. MERRITT,

Gen'l Mgr.

Michigan Land Co.,

Manistee Michigan.

1 1=2 STORY,

8-frame hives, either plain, or bee-way
supers. Si. 00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 ft shipping cases, $13.00
for 100; 12 ft $8.00 for 100; 20 ft Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with order of $10.00.
Send for free list.

W. D. SOPEK
R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

The Bee and Honey Co.

Wishes to sell j'ou all of the
bees and queens that you may
need the coming season.

Catalog describing the six
different races of bees that we
breed, sent free. Get our
prices before buying.

THE BEE A\D HONEY CO.,
2-05-lf BceviMe, Tex.

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review— simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z HUTCTHNSON, Flint, Mich.

HONEY QUEENS

LAWS' ITAI^IAN and HOI.Y LAND QUP:ENS.
Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with the.se I am catering to a satisfied trade.
Are you in it? Or are you interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The following prices
areas low as consistent with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, $8. 00; tested $1.00; per
dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either
race, $3.00 each.

W. H. Laws, Beeviile, Tex.

156

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Y

Big Tbipg, Tb^t,

Did you notice the REVIEW
COVER lias changed to the ex-
act tint of Yellowzones ! Shows
what a good remedy can do.

They will DO THINGS for

Z

yon,

Here's part of a letter to W. Z.
Hutchinson from a subscriber

Bishop, Calif , Mar. 13, 1905.

Editor Review : — Your endorse-
ment of YZ caused me to send for
a box which proved hig-hly satis-
factory in a case of fever and
chiUs. A man with stomach
trouble, that I gave some to, says
it was the only medicine that ever
GOT THERE.

Do not be backward in recom-
mending- anything good. It is
apppreciated.

Chas. Winter.

A Box for $1.00 and they'll
DO THINGS.

Here's what a sample did for a bee-
keeper in Iowa.

April 3, 1905.

M3' wife is subjectto ver}' severe
attacks of neuralgia. I used the
sample 1 ast night. Thev relieved
her and saved the expense of a
Dr.

I have had at least a dozen dif-
ferent Drs. but seldom get any
relief without the hyjiodermic
neeclle. Find enclose Si. 00 for
full box.

The way to have them on hand is to
get them right now.

W. B. HOUSE, M. D.,DeTour,
Mich.

Good discounts on early orders. Complete stock of bee
Supplies. Lewis Company's Goods at Factory Prices.

The best DoA'etailed Hive there is made. Send for Catalog-ue.
We are always in the market to buj' hone}^ — submit price.
The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Wahnit Street, Cincinnati, Ohio,

Send for

1905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

157

Prompt Shipments, | } South Western

Are what you want and we
can make them. Send in your
orders and be convinced that
we can do it. WISCONSIN
BASSWOOD FOR SEC-
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED
HIVES made by ourselves
now. A full line of supplies
for bee-keeping- on hand.

IVIarshfield IVIfg. Co.

jVlaPshfield, Wis.

■iimia
liiilili

BEn-KE:r,PBRS

SAVE MONEY

Get our prices on all Bee Keepers'
Supplies before you buy. Send for
Catalog We carry a full line, and
will not be undersold.

HONEV CANS AND FOUNDATION
— We represent the American Can Co.
in Texas, as their sole and exclusive
agents for honey cans. We al.so han-
dle Dadant it Son's world-famous
Comb Foundation, exclusivly. Get
our prices before buying.

BEE;S and queens, in any
quantity at all seasons ot the year.
I^et us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX bought
and sold. We will buy your honey
crop; and we especially want your
beeswax at the highest market price.

H. H. HYDE

Successor to

THE GRAHAM - HYDE BEE CO.,

San Antonio, Texas.

gBiiiiiiiiif <niiiiii|
iiii iiiiiiiimiiii

'"jfliiir

J Root's Goods ^X 11
I Root's Price? I i

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

I.,arge and complete stock on hand
at all times. L,ow freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pou«Jcr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOIvIS, IND.

Dittmer's
poandation

Is the Best.

Will tell you WHY. If you

will send for Free Catalog

and Samples.

Early Order Discount on
Full Line of Supplies.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

Working- Wax into Founda-
tion for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

Foundation.

Gus. Dittrner,

AUP'Ustzt^, - - Wisconsin

iliil

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158

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

PATEINX, BINGHAM SMOKERS. 24

O-s-^-s-'-

VEiARS the: bezsx.

F. BINGHAM,

CATALOG FREIE:

i

FARWEZLL, MICH. >

VIRGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens secured by a cross
and j'ears of careful selection, from
Red Clover Queens and Superior Stock
obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June 15, 60c
Tested queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c
Selected tested queens, $1.25; after
June 15, 11.00.

Write a postal card for circular.

CHAS. KOKPPEN,
604-tf Fredericksburg, Va.

— if you are going to —

rUy a buzz -saw,

write to ihe editt>r of the Keview. Hi? Iihb a
new ]?arnes saw to sell and would bo kIkI t ■
fnake you happy by telliiig yon the price a.
Iiich he woulii sell it.

Pure Italian Queens.

The most beautiful, prolific, long tongued, en-
ergetic strain. Highest award at the ,St. Louis
Exposition. Extra breeding queen, $2 00; six
for $11.00; one dozen $20.00. Special prices on
larger numbers. Send money by post, money
order. If a queen arrives dead, return her witli
a statement signed by the postmaster, and an-
other will be sent free. Anthony Biaggi, Pede-
villa, near Bellinzona, Italian Switzerland.

5-05-tf

TAR HEEL BEAUTIES,

Finest honey gatherers out. After many years
of weeding out poor stock, and retaining those of
marked superiority, by actual test in the apiary;
I can now fill orders for fine Italian Queens, un-
tested at 75cts. ; tested, $1.00

05-5-3t

G. W McOUIRE,

Dark Ridge, N. C.

WANTED— Bees in shipping boxes on I,, or
Danz frames ready to ship now. State kind
and price, safe arrival to be guaranteed.

J. B. MASON,
)05-4.tf Mechanic^Falls, Me.

f^OOT'S BEE-STjPPLtlES
HOOT'S P!^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL. Kendall, Mich

Why he bought our

I asked Mr. L,. F. Weaver what he could say of
our queens, and tell the truth, and here is his
reply:

Shadeland, Ind., 2-8, 1905.
Friend Michael,

We received our first queens from
you in 1903, — >ou will find that you sent me
more queens in 904, and we expect to order a
greater number in 1905. Why? Because your
queens have met all our requirements, their
workers being gentle, uniform in color and size,
energetic hustlers and prosperous, in colony and
stort. We know not your method of rearing,
and it makes no difference to us so long as we
get such good and prolific queens

Yours respectfully,

I. F. WEAVER.

Jo Fo MICInlAEIL.

3-05_-!t R. F. D. No. i, Winchester, Ind.

The New Century

Queen Rearing Co.

Has all queen cells built in full colonies and
under the most favorable conditions, while the
system of mating allows the sale of queens at
unusually low prices; also the utmost promptness
in shipment. No claim is made that these
queens are superior to all others, but they are
certainly as good as can be reared; while for
promptness of service ana fairness of dealing
they cannot be excelled

The following varieties are bred, and mated in
different localities- Three-banded, and Golden
Italians, and Carniolans. Pnces for either var-
iety are as follows: One tested queen, $1 00; six
for $5.00; one untested queen, 75 cts., five for
$3-75; ten for |6.oo; fifteen for $8 25. Prices on
nuclei and full colonies given upon application.

Safe arrival guaranteed. Send for discnptive
circular.

NEW CENTURY QUEEN REARING CO.
3-05-tt Berclair, Texas.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

159

Get Acquainted with the
"LEWIS FAMILY."

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. Lumber Co , Fairbault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton, O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

York Honey & Bee Supply Co., Chi-
cago, 111., 141 & 143 Ontario St.

L,oui-i Hansen's Sons, Davenport, Iowa.

Adam A. l.larke,I,e Mars, lowi.

Southwestern Bee Co . San Antonio,
Texas., 438, Houston St,

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

Colorado[Honey Producers Association,

Denver, Colo
Fruit Growers' Ass'n., Grand Junction,

Colo.
Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

As.sociation, Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, I,ovelan<l, Colo.
Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.
Chas H. I^illy & Co., .Seattle, Wash.
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogdeu, Utah.
A. Cof.pin, Wenona, 111.
California, L,umher & Milling Co , San

Francisco, California.
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn He'-ts, Eng.

It is scattered all over the world and any one of the above
will be g-lad to sell you Lewis Goods. The finest on the market.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Manufacturers of
Bee-Keepers Supplies.

I^ake Youp Own Hives.

3ee - Keepers

Will save mone}' by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 ^>^ i9t

fi^

160 THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

QUALITY.

NOT HOW CHEAP QUALITY RATHER

BUT HOW GOOD THAN QUANTITY

Our Customers Proclaim Their Satisfaction.

Flint, Mich., Apr. 17, '05.

Friend Putnam;— . . r , • .

Yours saying that you would tend the sections in a few days is here.

Thank you. . . , , , . r .x.

Ever since nailing up those hives, I have felt like writing and thanking you tor the
excellent material and workmanship. The lumber is practically clear lumber, and the
workmanship simply perfect— everything smooth :ind accurate. If every shipment that
you send out is like this, you will evemually have more business than you can look
after Yours Truly,

SV. Z. HUTCHINSON.

Ttt3 TO t^DTP Bee-Hives, Sections, Fetices, Smokers, Fotmdation
Kjr'^lKJ-'Unin Comb, Bee Veils, Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Supplies, manufacttired and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

My new FOREMAN in the bee-hive work has arrived. That he held various pr.si-
tions in the factorv of the A I. Root Co., for 9 years and now comes to me with their
recommendations'should prove a sufficient guarantee of the work we are now turning out.

THE RURAL BEE KEEPER

Upon request I will mail at least one copy of my publication, the "Rural Bee-
Keeper" to you, and will ask you to tell me what you think of it. I do not pretend to
know all about bees but I have made them a .study for over 20 years, and the people who
write articles for my paper, are all practical men and women of long experience. We
can't tell you all we know in one i.ssue— orin one year. Perhaps the issue you will re-
ceive will not touch upon the .subjects that interest you. But we have a question depart-
ment, and every month we answer such questions as our leaders ask us, and we try to
make each i.s.sue valuable on one or more topics. The April Number will be of interest to
you, becau.se it tells all about a movement on the part of organized Bee-Keepers to im-
prove the demand and the price obtainable for honey. We have been telling you how to
produce honey, now we are going to help you get a fair price for your honey. During the
first year, our price for the "Rural Bee-keeper" was 50 cents p;r year. We enlarged
with'Vol. 2, No. I, and will hereafter charge $1.00 per year

CLUBBED WITH REVIEW— BOTH FOR $L50

Augusta, Wis., July 17, 1904.
W. H. Putnam,

River Falls, Wis.
Dear Sir: —

Enclosed please find money order for another year's subscription to your
splendid paper "The Rural Bee- Keeper:" I take several other bee papers but the "Rural
Bee-Keeper" is second to none. Kvery issue is improving, and the bee-keepers of Wis-
consin can feel justly proud of such an excellent paper. Everj' issue has been worth more
than a year's subscription to me.

Wishing you the best of success with the "Rural Bee-Keeper" and don't forget to
put me down as a life long subiscriber. Hoping you will have a prosperous year I am,

Yours Truly,

E. H. HANSELMAN.

— W. H. PUTNAM, River FaUs, Wis,=

Honey Quotations

The fol owing rules for grading honey were
adopted ty the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are niade according to
these rules:

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — .Ml sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, det ched at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms \Yhite, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancj- white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission— the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

KANSAS CITY— The honey market is over-
stocked, and consumption light. Beeswax is
firm. We quote as follows: Fanry white, ^2.50
per case of 24 sections; No. i while $2. 25 per case
of 24 sections; fancy amber S2.C0 per case of 24
sections; white, extracted 6Hc; amber 6c; bees-
wax 2S to 30c.

WALKER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Mch.31, 1905. 423 Walnut St , Kansas City, Mo

CINCINNATI— There is little, if any, improve-
ment in the honey market here since our last
quotation. We hope to render a more encourag-
ing report soon

We quote amber extracted in barrels and
cans at 5!; to 6Hc. White clover at 7 to 8c; fancy
white comb honev at 12 and 13c: beeswax 28c.

THE FRED \V. MUTH CO.
llch. 10-05 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFALO — Fancy comb honey sells very well
at 12 to 13c, but verj slowly at more than that,
other grades are dull, and require pushing to
move at quotations. We quote as follows: Fancy
white 12 to 13c; No. i white, 10 to 12c; fancy
amber q to loc; No. i amber 8 to gc; fancy dark 8
to 9 c; No, I dark, 7 to 8c; white extracted, 4 to 6c;
beeswax 28 to 30c.

BATTERSON & CO..
Mar. 30 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

CHICAGO — There has been somewhat of an
increase in the number of sales during the past
four weeks, yet th > volume has not been large,
while prices are if anything lower than in Janu-
ary, especially on other grades than white
clover. Fancy grades of white comb, bring 12M
to 13c; No I, i.iC, with some off in color, 8 to loc;
extracted white 6 to 7c, amber 5"^ to 6^c, the
price being governed by quality, flavor and
package. Beeswax if clean and good color 30c
per lb.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Mch. 8, 1905. 199 So. Water St.

KANS.\.S CITY -Market is fairly ative, but
$1.50 per case is about all dealers want to pay.
Large retail dealers buy direct, and sell to con-
sumers. We quote as follows: White fi.75 per
per case; white extracted 5^5 to 6I2C; amber, 4^
to 5c; dark, 4"^; beeswax 2Sc.

C C. CLEMONS & CO,.
March 30, 1905 Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO— No material change from our quo-
tations in last issue except that we have moved,
during the past month, a good deal of Colorado
Comb Honey, and are almost entirely cleaned up
on Wisconsin stock.

If producers still have honey to ship, we advise
letting it come forward.

Demand for strained honey limited, and sup-
ply equal to demand. We quote ae follows:
Fancy white, 13c; No. i white 11^ to 125^0;
white, extracted 6^ to 7c; amber 6 to 6J4c; bees
wax 28 to 30c

S. T. FISH &CO.,

189 South Water St.
March 7, 1905 Chicago, 111.

NEW YORK— The market is very quiet espe-
cially on comb honey; and cannot encourage
shipping at this time. H'e quote as follows:
Fancy white 13c; No. i white 12c; fancy amber
nc; No.i amber, 10c; fancj' dark 9c; white, ex-
tracted 6^c; amber 5^ to 6c; dark 5c; bees-
wax 29c to 30c.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,

82-86 Murray St,
JIarch 31, 1905. New York.

TOLEDO — The demand on comb honey is very
limited, and the prices are as follows: Fancy
white comb, in non-drip shipping cases i2^c to
13c; No. I, ii^iic to I2C, with no demand for
amber or dark honey. White clover, extracted
in barrels, 6 to 6%c: amber 5 to 5^0; beeswax
28 to 30c.

GRIGGS BROTHERS,
March 3o-'o5 Toledo, Ohio,

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Fine, No thern-bred; originated fiom best
long-tongued, "RKU CLOVER" breeders in
United States; work on red-clover: bred in full
colonies, for business, under swarming influence;
noted for their excellent honey gathering, wint-
ering qualities, and gentleness.

Untested, Jr.oo; si.x, Jj.oo; Tested. $2.00; six,
Sio.oo; Select Tested, S3 00; Extra Select Tested,
54 50. After July ist, Untested, 75c: six, 54. 00;
Tested, 5r 50; six, jS.oo. .Satisfaction guaranteed.

Write for full descriptive circular.

ISAAC F. MIIyl^BR,

5-o5-3t R. K. D. No. 2, Brookville, Pa.

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 Page Catalogue describing
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing needed in the Apiary.

Special low prices on Brood Frames

and Shipping Cases Beeswax

wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.

2-'05-'.f

1^ BBBBBBBB«^^€HeaS€ 1^

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m

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Pm
Pm

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PROnPTNE55.

At this season of the jear the bee-keepers need supplies. It is
important. In the Northern States it will soon be swarming time
and the hone}' flow. We have reduced, for the bee-keeper, the time
between the mailing: of the order and the receipt of the goods. With
ten branches and hundreds of agents in all the principal bee and
railroad centers. Root's Goods are in easy reach of ever}' bee-keeper
with the least expense in freight charges and time in transit. With
full stocks ot goods and trained helpers your order has tiie best pos-
sible attention. Don't dela.y another da}' in placing your order.

A B C OF BEE CULTURE

1 OOth Thousand

The bee-keeper who fails to have a copy of
the A B C of Liee Culture in liis library is
failing to live up to his opportunities, in
keeping posted on bee culture.. The price is
no obstacle for it will more than paj' for
itself in saving expensive mistakes and it is
worth twice what is asked for it. Written in
encyclopaedic style which makes it an index
b}- itself so that any subject can be instantlj-
found. If 3'ou have been keeping bees all
your life the book is a storehouse from which
you can gather much help. If you are a be-
ginner it is simply invaluable. The book is
printed on the best paper and profusely il-
lustrated. Over 500 double column pages,
i^rice, SI. 20 postpaid.

SECTIONS,

Our sections are the leaders. Having an investment of thous-
ands of dollars in special automatic machinery we are able to turn
out a product that for quality, finish, workmanship and accuracy
cannot be excelled. The sections are polished in a double surface
sanding machine, and the result is uniform quality and the same
absolute thickness from end to end. Our sections are made from
the choicest clear basswood lumber free from defects. Full stock in
all our branches and agencies. For prompt shipment trj' Roots.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

BR.\NCHES:
Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street
Philadelphia, Pa , lo Vine .Street
New York City, N. Y., 44 Vasey Street
Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee Street
Jiechanic Falls, Maine.

BRANCHES:
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street.
San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So Flores. St.
Washington, D.C., 1 100 Mary land, av,, S W
H.-ivana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.
Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lane

June, 1905.

Flint, Michigan, $1.00 a Year.

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
PostoflBce, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 209

Terms — $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances— The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed-
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Jane 15, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with —

Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) i .35

American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40

Rural Bee-Keeper ( 100) 1.75

Western Bee Journal ( i.oo) 1.75

Ohio Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) i-2o

Rural New Yorker ( 1.00) 1.85

The Century ( 400) 4-5°

Michigan Farmer ( i.oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( i.oo) 1.75

American Agriculturist ( i 00) 1.75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15

Harper's Magazine ( 4.00) 4.10

Harper's Weekly ( 4.00) 4.20

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i.oo) 1.90

Success ( I.oo) 1.75

National Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.

To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasure!

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvov. Woodburn, Ont.
R. L- Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H, Elwood, Starkville, N. Y
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM. A, Selser, Philadelphia. Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapiiivilie, N. Y.
J. M Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A Hatch, Richland Cen, Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

Itong-Tongae
Hed Glover

Strain of Italians — the best all round
bees on earth. Prices of queens are
as follows:

One untested queen, 75 cts. ; six for
$4.25; one dozen, $8.00.

One select, untested, $1.00; six for
$5.00; one dozen, $9.00.

One tested queen, $1.00; six for $6.00
one dozen, $11.50.

One select, tested queen, $1.50; six
for $8.50; one dozen, $16.00.

Breeders, from $3.00 to $7.00, accord-
ing to points scored.

The Victor=Knolle Apiary Co.,

6-05-tf HONDO, TEXAS.

Jio Fish-Bone

Is apparent in conibhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a vety thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

J. ^/Rt^ DEUSEN,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer A\fS' <3o.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

8®"Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

THE SOLUTION OF THE

BEE LITERATURE

PROBLEM

Is never solved until it is
solved right, and it is never
solved until you are a sub-
scriber for the Western Bee
Journal. A new corps of
writers have been secured for
this paper, and what they
will write will be new to you.

Subscribe to-day— $1.00 a
year.

THE WESTERN BEE JOUHNflli

p. F .ADELSBACH,

Editor,

KINGSBURY, CALIFORNIA

STANDARD

Poultry ^^«

g^^_SuppIie^

The best of everything for the
poultry and beekeeper.

Freight Rates from
TOLEDO are the Lowest.

BIG DISCOUNTS FOR
EARLY ORDERS

Our 60-page Catalog is ready. -Send
for it. It's free.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Griggs Block

Toledo, Ohio.

162

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

M

NO. 2 SECTIONS.

The quality of our No. 2 sections is equal to the
average run of No 1 sections. There is less break-
age in our No. 2 sections then you would expect to
find in the No. 1 sections.

One of our customers writes us that out of 1500
shipped him by us, not one broke.

We are making Bee Supplies of quality, and sell
at nearly 25 per cent, less than any other house. We
guarantee you absolute satisfaction and make right
what's wrong-. Write us today for sample order and
prices on all kinds of supplies.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power BIdg. Minneapolis, Minn.

m

The Wood Bee Hive

and Box Company,

Lansing, Mich.,

make the only lock-cor-
ner hive that stands the
sun and weather.

Examine the Cut;

See what the arrows point to.

Wax made into the finest foundation
for cash, or on shares. Yes, we have
those old, long-tongues in our queens
yet, which means honey from red clo-
ver. Imported and home bred stock.
All kinds of supplies. Postal gets
circular. 6-05-tf

INCREASE is a handsome little book telling
how to form new colonies without break-
ing stocks. A simple, sure, satisfactor3'
plan. 25c.
BABY NUCLEI tells how to mate many
queens from sections with a mere handful
of bees. a2 pages, 20 pictures. Plain,
cheap, simple. ."oOc.
QUEENS and QUEEN REARING OUTFITS
FOR SALE Golden-all-over and Cauca-
sian Queens. Circulars Free.

EJ. Ij. m.A.XT, Swarthmore, Penn.

Texas Queens.

From The Cotton Belt Apiaries. Queens, from
May ist to Nov. ist: One untested, 75 cents; 5 for
$4.00, 12 tor $7.50, 24 for $12.00, 50 for $23.50, 100
or 500 for $45.00 per hundred. Tested Queens,
$1.00 each; breeders, the very best, $3 00 each,
straight 5 band breeders J5.00 each.

Send for circular and price list which gives
full information . Don't wait; place your orders
early. Queens ready to go May ist.

DENTON & RIBBLE,
405n Roxton, Tex.

YZ

WHEN
YOU SEE

THE
YELLOW

COVER

THINK OF YELLOWZONES

White Poplar

Four-piece sections for $2.70 to $3.00
a thousand. Write for circular and
price-list of other supplies. 4-05-3t

W. H. NORTON, Skowhegan, Me.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

163

Is the name under which Mr. Hutchin-
son, for five years, sold my strain of
bees, guaranteeing safe arrival, safe
introduction, purity of mating, and en-
tire satisfaction to the extent tliat the
queen could be returned any time with-
in two years, when the money would
be returned, together with 50 cts extra
to pay for the trouble. Although he
sold hundreds of queens each year, in
only two instances was he asked to
return the money, while there were
hundreds of letters from pleased pur-
chasers. Not more than half a dozen

queens were reported as impurely
mated, in all of those years, while the
losses in transportation and introduc-
tion were not serious; yet, on account
of those guarantees, Mr. Hutchinson
asked $1.50 for a queen. I can now
sell you queens that are exactly the
same, and guarantee safe arrival any-
where in the U. S., Canada, or Cuba,
at the following prices: Single queen,
$1.00; six for $5.00; one dozen for $9.00.
Send for a handsome circular that
gives the experience of well-known bee-
keepers with this stock.

J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Kentucky.

.clei tor ^priH)

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Either Golden or "Red Clover," before July at
the following prices:

1 6 12

Untesied ? i oo $ 5 oo $ 9 00

Warranted tested 1 25 700 1300

Tested i 50

Select Tested 2 00

Breeders from $5 up 1 6 12

2-franie nucleus (no queen) $2 50 $1^ 00 $25 00

When Queen? are wanted with Nuclei add
price of any Queen wanted.

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901
Mr. J, D. Blocher—

Dear Sir : I thought I
would let you know as to the results from the nu-
clei sent me. They were placed in ten-frame
hives, and are now in fine condition. From one
I removed 24 pounds of honey, and had to give
six of them more room, as they were hanging
out. They have more than reached my expecta

'°"*' Yours Resp., E. K. Meridith

Do not send personal checks unless you
send 1 Oc extra for collection.

e^fl CItyj, Hit

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending- your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1905
Catalogue and Illustrated Price Dist — free for the asking.

164

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

IT EXCELS.

We Guarantee Satisfaction.
BEE=SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all times.

A» G. Woodman^ Grand Rapids,
Agents for Michigan.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

^.^«(5!^ie,(i

^^^Pi^€iM 1^. z ^mm^mimm^^m^i

Bees and Queens

Have you tried my queens? They are as good
as money can buy; they are daughters of impor-
ted mothers; and no pains have been spared to
mate them purely. When you send me an orc'er
I fill it promptly and guarantee perfect satisfac-
tion. I have the three-banded Italians, goldens,
Cyprians, Carniolans, Holy I,ands and Albinos.

Untested queens, of either race, 7 cts. each;
tested, $1.50; breeders, $3.00. Special prices on
lots of a dozen or more. Two-frame nuclei a
specialty.

7-04-tf

B. H. STANLEY,

Beeville, Texas.

BEE-SUPPIiIES.

Leuiis' Goods at Factory Ppiees.

Best shipping point in the United
States. Special inducements on bee-
hives. 88 page Catalog- — good infor-
mation for all bee-keepers — free. Ask
about our free pocket mirror.

C M. SCOTT & CO.,

1 002 E. Washington St.
3-05 5t IND lANAPOLIS, IND

Flora Mclntyre.

Grand daughter of R. Wilkins, and daughter of J. F. Mclntyre, she
inherits the ability to manage a large apiary.

T

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
W. z. flnTCHlNSON. Editor M Proprietor.

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 15, 1905. NO. 6.

?piini^ Bees lim ILari

BY J. F. M'lNTYRE.

[e M^mmlber^

¥HEN a bee-keeper's family, or his
ambition, g"ets too larg'e for one
apiary to support, the question that
troubles him most is whether he shall
establish out-apiaries, or eng^age in
some other business which he can take
care of at home. The number of col-
onies that can be kept in the home-
apiary depends entirely upon the loca-
tion, and is one of the most difficult
thing's to determine. In g'ood years
you will think that a much larg-er num-
ber would have done just as well as
the number you have; but in poor j'ears
all the honey in the location will be
used up in brood rearing", and you
will wish the bees had been scattered
in out-apiaries.

When the Sespe apiary reached 600
colonies, I started an out-apiary, and
have had one or two out-apiaries most
of the time since; and it is my opinion

that a man cannot run out-apiaries and
be as happy as he was when one
apiary, one wife, and two or three
babies, were all he had.

I have tried renting locations, but do
not like it, and now own the land on
which my three apiaries are located;
400 colonies in the home-apiary in
Sespe canon; 200 colonies in Piru
canon; and 200 colonies in Holser
canon, four miles from Piru. The two
out-apiaries are 14 and 16 miles from
Sespe apiary, and the Sespe apiary is
26 miles from our home in Ventura;
making 42 miles, in about a straight
line, from home to the farthest apiarj\

HORSKS THE MOST SATISFACTORY
METHOD OF TRAVEL TO OUT-
APIARIES.

I have tried every method of travel,
except a flying machine. The bicycle

168

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

is no g'ood to carry supplies; and out-
apiaries are like armies in the field —
they need a constant stream of supplies.
A ffood horse and a lig"ht delivery
wagon, is the most economical and re-
liable of anything- I have tried. Last
season I tried a "Ford" automobile,
and thoroughly enjoyed getting over
the roads at the rate of 25 miles per
hour, but it had its drawbacks. The
first cost of the machines is too great at
present, but time may change that.
Then it is not built to carry supplies,
and sometimes annoys you very much
by refusing to go when you are most
anxious to get to your destination;
rubber tires are also an expensive
nuisance.

AVOID AN OCCUPIED FIELD.

In selecting locations it is necessary
to avoid fields already occupied. I
have seen more failures from not ob-
serving this rule, than from all others
put together.

The question of help is one of the
most serious drawbacks to the out-
apiary business.

AN UNUSUALLY EFFICIENT LADV BEE-
KEEPER.

Last season I spent much of my time
at the out-apiaries, with the hired help,
while mj' oldest daughter, Flora, ran
the Sespe apiary with some help from
the younger sisters, and a hired man
to cart the honey into the honey house,
and take it from the hives. She un-
capped and extracted Ifi tons of honey,
and ran 100 nuclei for queen rearing.
As an encouragement, she was allowed
to keep all the money from sales of
queens. One out-apiary, representing
an investment of $1,500 in land, build-
ing, bees and fixtures, made $1,400
worth of honey; still I cannot say that
I enjoy running out-apiaries. I keep
some one at each apiary during the
first half of the swarming season; then
"shake" the balance to wind it up
quickly. We run our apiaries for ex-

tracted honey, because we are so far
from market that comb honey would be
smashed in crossing the continent.

We have a complete outfit at each
apiary, even down to honey knives; in
fact, each out-apiary is almost an ex-
act duplicate of what I had when I
married and started house-keeping.

RUNNING EXTRACTORS BY POWER.

The honey extractor at Sespe is run
bj' a Pelton water motor, but there is
no water above the out-apiaries, and I
am thinking seriously of trying a
motor-cycle engine cooled with a small
blower, to run the extractors at the
out apiaries; carrying it from one
apiary to the other.

The greatest obstacle is in the proper
handling of swarms by hired help, but
we are overcoming this by shaking
swarms to a great extent.

ETERNAL VIGILANCE IS THE PRICE OF

Constant, personal attention is the
price ot success; I have known several
cases where two weeks of neglect at a
time when bees are starving in the
spring, caused the loss of hundreds of
colonies. Neglect of swarms will cause,
the loss of a hone3' crop. Neglect a
case of foul brood and your apiary is
ruined. Neglect to extract at the
proper time, and the brood-chamber
becomes clogged with honey, and the
crop shortened. Whenever I have
bought the bees of an unsuccessful
bee-keeper, I have invariabl3' found
poor stock and plenty' of drone comb in
the brood-chambers; so I regard good
stock and good worker combs as the
first requisite to success. A good loca-
tion is soon overstocked; then the man
with the best bees, and sj'stem of
management, and the most persistent
care, will survive, while his shiftless
neighbors go to the wall.

Ventura, Calif.. Dec. 15, 1904.

J

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

169

Tlbree Menu CairSiniM for I,

.©I©iii<

BY IRVING KINYON.

EDITOR REVIEW, on page 155 of
the Review for 1904 you ask me to
tell your readers how Mr. Elwood
managed 10 apiaries for comb honey,
with the help of another man and my-
self. Well, I will tell you what we
did and how we did it. I began work
for Mr. Elwood March first, 1892, and
my first job was to go to the planing
mill and get 1200 new supers. The
whole 1200 went into an ordinary two-
horse sleigh box, without being tied
on; so you will see they were not a
heavy or a bulky affair. They cost 13
cents each and held 27 sections. These
supers were duplicates of all the supers
Mr. Elwood had. This is one of the
good points about Mr. Elwood's
system; he has only one size and style
of hive, super, and section, so every-
thing is interchangable.

Mr. Olcott easier, of Deck, N. Y.,
came to work on March 7, and, to-
gether, we nailed up 1200 new supers
and put together 60,000 four-piece,
dovetailed sections. This, with set-
ting the bees out of the cellar, prepar-
smoker fuel, and such things as would
be needed later in the season, kept us
busy until about the middle of April.

VENTILATED BOTTOM BOARDS.

The latter part of March we began
taking the bees out of the cellar. We
used a pair of two-horse, farm-bobs,
with the box removed, drawing 28 col-
onies at a load. We took out from
four to six loads each morning, work-
ing until the bees in the cellar began
to be too much excited from the light
admitted, when the cellar was closed
until towards evening, when from four
to six more loads were taken out. The
bottom board of each hive had an open-

ing in the center, 6 x 12 inches in size,
which could be opened or closed by a
slide. It could be opened full size for
cellar wintering and for summer it
could be instantly adjusted to give any
desired size of entrance from, so small
that only one bee could pass at a time
to Yz inch or 2 inches, or ^4 inch b\' 12
inches or an extrance 12 inches long- by
an3^ width up to 6 inches, or it could be
closed entirely', which we did when
drawing the bees to and from the
cellar; so we had no trouble with the
horses being bothered by the bees.
After the horses were put in the barn
we went along and moved the slides so
the bees could fly. This bottom board
also embodies the Pettit idea of draw-
ing the returning field bees to the outer
part of the super.

We took out 1252 colonies all from
one cellar. One yard was drawn
away as soon as they were out, and the
rest were drawn away between the
25th of April and the first of June.

LOCATING OUT YARDS.

Besides the home-yard, there were
nine out-yards, which were from three
to ten miles distant from home. Most
of the yards were located in pastures.
Such locations have several advan-
tages; first, the stock keeps the grass
down, second the bees are less liable to
trouble the owner of the farm, and
third, the rent is less than it would be
for tilled land.

WOOD FOR SMOKER FUEL.

For smoker fuel we sawed a maple
tree into blocks about three inches
long, and split them into pieces about
the size of a man's finger. These
pieces, when well dried, make the best
of smoker-fuel; and wood, in my opin-

I7u

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

on, is the only fuel to use where you
have surplus honey. I think it is less
liable to give the honey a smoky taste.

After the bees were set out we looked
them over and built them up. This,
with drawing- them away, clipping the
queens, and putting in foundation,
kept us busy until time to put on the
sections.

One thing that I noticed, where there
were so many bees together, was that
a queenless colony would be crowded
with bees allowed to enter from other
colonies. Another thing, that any
colony that sits on a knoll, or any
that had its entrance facing west, so
it would receive sunshine after the
other entrances were in the shade,
would draw large numbers of the bees
that were flying at that time.

The hives were made of plain,
straight pieces, gotten out at the plan-
ing mill at so much per thousand feet.
Mr. El wood has some of these hives
that are yet servicable after 25 years'
use. The brood frames were just
plain, straight pieces with square
joints. The roofs to the hives were of
sheet iron which lasts longer and is
much cheaper than tin. They cost less
than 10c each at the present time.
Sheet steel is about the same price but
not as good for roofs. All tnetal roofs
should be painted on the under side
before putting on the hive.

THE CELLAR A PROTECTION TO HIVES
AS WELL AS BEES.

Mr. Elwood thinks the protection to
the hives in cellar wintering more than
pays for the work of carrying them in
and out of the cellar.

When we were ready to draw bees
to the out-yards we distributed screens
to as many hives as we were to take
out at that time; then, beginning at the
end of the row, we rolled a hive up
side down which brings the entrance
on top. The screens are bound with
wood, and, if they have been used be-
fore, they will have a nail in each cor-

ner, which should be driven back until
the point is even with the wood. Now
push out the slide with the screen, and
drive the nails in the corners. In this
way no bee can escape.

Now with a bit-stock screw-driver
put a 1^4 inch screw through each side
of the bottom board which holds the
bottom board and cover in place. This
hive is now ready to set on the wagon.

These screens are made of >s inch
mesh galvanized wire cloth, with }ixl}4.
wooden strips around the edges on both
sides with the nails driven through
from one side and clinched on the other
side. The back end-board of the
wagon is fastened up with hooks, the
hook end of which hangs down about
20 inches and is bent in the shape of a
letter U at the end. This bend at the
end of the long part of the hook comes
just right to hook into the end-board
and hold it level with the bottom of the
wagon box.

This gives room for two more hives
on each tier.

Another handy thing for moving bees
are some irons }4 xl^ xlO inches, each
rounded and bent at one end which
makes it in the shape of a fish hook.
These should be fastened on the under
side of the wagon box along each edge.
This makes a place to hook the ropes
when tying on a load.

We found the 105.") queens to clip
them, and by that time it was time to
put on the sections. As many supers
as we needed for the day were set on
tile wagon and covered with factory
cloth blankets to keep out the dust;
then when they were tied on they were
ready for the out-yard. We carried a
piece of factory cloth that had had two
coats of paint oil, to cover the load in
case of rain.

PREVENTING SWARMING BY DE-
OUEENING.

We discouraged swarming until we
were ready to remove the queens.
Then, if any were found preparing to

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

171

swarm, the queen was removed, also
one frame of bees and brood. If the
queen was an extra good one she was
put in an empty hive with the frame of
brood. The next six or seven colonies
dequeened had their queens killed and
one frame of brood from each taken to
put with the queen that was saved,
which made the increase.

The eg^gs that these queens would
have laid if they had been left in the
hive would hatch after the main honey
flow.

After dequeening began, each yard
was gone through and the cells re-
moved just before they would hatch.
Since there had been no eggs laid for
several days when the cells were de-
stroyed the second time, the bees had
given up all idea of swarming, but
were very anxious to have a queen.
We now select a cell from some colony
preparing to swarm, place it in a West
cage and give it to the dequeened
colony. This operation should be
timed so the young queen will begin to
lay at the time of the opening of the
main harvest, and this colony will have
its share of surplus honey, as this
plan prevents the bees from dividing
their working force at the beginning of
the best harvest; and also gives them a
vigorous young queen during the honey
flow. In destroying these cells we
must be sure that we don't skip even a
small one, or it may upset the whole
plan.

The ease and rapidity with which the
combs could be examined was the most
important point about Mr. Elwood's
system. If we had tried to find the
same number of queens and queen cells
and do the other necessary work for
that number of colonies in some of the
hives, where you have to pyy and twist
and/>«// and keep prying and twisting
and pulling to get the frames out — well
we would get left, that's all, and would
have to "keep less bees." With Mr.
Elwood's hive there was no moving two
or three frames to make room to take

out the first one, nor any rolling the
bees over and over in doing it, which is
liable to injure the bees and queen.
In fact, the first frame can be taken
out with as little time and trouble as
though it were the only frame in the
hive. When a hive is opened to find
the queen, there is no place where she
can hide on the sides of the hive, so
there is no time lost looking for her on
the combs while she is on the side of
the hive.

Mr. Elwood made a business of the
bee business; not having even a pig or
a hen to take his time when the bees
needed it. The home-yard was worked
exactly the same as the out yards.

TAKING OFF SURPLUS.

An out-yard should be located if pos-
sible on sloping ground, and should be
approached from the upper side and
the wagon left at the upper corner. At
the close of the swarming season some
of the honey was ready to be taken off,
and this we did by blowing smoke in
at the top until inost of the bees had
gone into the lower supers or hive,
when such supers as were finished
were lifted ott and set on a board at
the upper side of the j'ard. This super
was covered with an empty super that
had a piece of burlap tacked across it,
and the light showing through the bur-
lap would attract anj' stray bees taken
with the honey. When more supers
are added to the pile, if any bees are
found in the empty super, they are
shaken out. When this pile is 10
supers high, another pile is started
farther down the yard, so when we
have the honey all off it is in piles
along one side of the j'ard. Later in
the season when robbers were about we
had some cloth tubes 8 or 10 feet long
and large enough to slip over this pile
of supers. One of these cloths can be
slipped up as the pile is increased,
which effectually prevents the bees
getting at the honey. Every bee wagon
should have a good brake, one that can

172

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

be locked at any desired tension and
can also be adjusted to give tenson
only when held in place. This will
allow us to lead the wagon down grade
and stop at any desired point. On ar-
riving at the yard in the morning the
wagon should be stopped on the upper
corner, and the brake pushed up and
locked, when the team can be unhooked
and driven rapidly away before tlie
bees find out you are there. When the
honey is all off for the day, the pile
that stands nearest to the wagon is set
in, and the wagon led down to the next
pile, and so on, until the lower side of
the yard is reached, when the hone^' is
covered and tied on. If two men are
present one can work the brake vvhile
the other leads the wagon. If one is
alone it will a require a rope from the
operator to the brake-lever. If the
bees are cross the wagon can be led
some distance from the yard before
hitching on.

PROTECTING THE TEAM FROM STINGS.

If the yard is level the honey is piled
near the wagon as it is taken oft", and
when we were ready to hitch the team
on they are brought as close as thought
safe, and then covered within three
inches of the ground and from the mid-
dle of the neck to the tail, with blank-
ets made of factory cloth. We then
take one of those cloth tubes we had
around the piles of honey, which we
we will call a head-slip, and, holding
one end up, let it fall from the hand.
It will now lie on the ground in folds
and can be picked up and put over the
horse's head like a collar. If you at-
tempt to draw it over the horse's head
while it is at full length, the horse ma}^
object.

Now when the head-slip is on, draw
the front end down just above the
horse's eyes, then put on a muzzle.
Now the horses can be led towards the
load and if the bees bother, the head
slip can be instantly pulled down so it
will hang a foot or two below the
horse's nose. The muzzle will prevent

the horse being frightened by drawing
the cloth in his nose in breathing.

PREPARING HONEY FOR MARKET.

In the fall we had glass to wash
and cut, honej' to scrape and glass, the
bees to draw home and prepare for
winter, and the honey to draw to the
depot, which was ten miles away.

The glass was washed in pieces
9x 13, so we were really handling six
pieces at once.

The honey was scraped and glassed
by girls. Each one had a table about
2x3 feet to work on. The scraping
tables have a piece four inches iiigh on
the back and right side and a piece of
cloth tacked on the front side. This
cloth is to be used as an apron and
should have a strap to go around
the neck. There should be a piece V
inch square and one foot long nailed
on three inches from the cloth side, to
lay the sections on when scraping.
This tiible will keep the propolis off
the floor and the operator.

The glassing tables had two strips
'4 X 1 inch by the length of the table
nailed on 4'2 inches apart. These
hold the sections in place while being
glassed. A piece of glass is fastened
in the center of the table about four
inches hii^h and on this the points iire
put a few at a time.

The points are driven before the
glass is put on, and afterwards are
bent down with a stick. These girls
used to scrape and put on the glass
from 800 to 1,000 sections in a day.

A bench could be used instead of
tables.

GETTING THE BEES HOME IN THE FALL.

Drawing the bees home was much
the same as drawing them awa3'.
Some da^'s a yard of over lOO colonies
was drawn home. As the hives were
unloaded at home they were set on
platform scales that were on a wheel-
barrow, and weighed and the weight
marked on top of the hive, with oil
crayon. This mark will sometimes

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

173

show a year later. These scales
should be the kind with the platform
hooked in place so they can be wheeled
about and alwa^'s be ready for use.
As each hive was weig'hed it was set
on another wheelbarrow and wiien this
had 4 or 5 hives on, it was wheeled
along' and the hives distributed.

When the bees were drawn home
nothing remained at the out-3'artls that
belonged to Mr. Elwood except some
blocks to set the hives on, and the shade
boards.

We looked in at the bottom of each
hive to see if the3' had bees enough for
winter, and if they looked lig'ht they
were examined from the top also. If
they were found too light in bees they
were united with some other colonv' in
the same condition. If any were lig"ht
in stores they were fed sug'ar syrup.
The syrup was made in the morning
and stored in large vats to cool. Then
in the afternoon we filled a can that
would hold about ,'2 a barrel. This
we wheeled between the rows and drew
into a pail. Then, with a dipper that
held 5^4 lbs., we g'ave each colony, that

was marked short, the required
amount.

There were 1320 colonies to put in
the cellar, and they were scattered over
four acres of ground, so you can .see
that anj' device where two men carr3'
one hive into the cellar would hard!}'
do. We used a team and bobs to draw
them to the cellar door, and had two
extra men to help us. This gave two
men in the cellar, one to drive and one
on each side of the bobs, to set the hives
on. When we had 27 hives on we drove
to the cellar door and slid them down a
chute into the cellar. In this way we
put in over 800 the first day with one
team and one sleigh. When we had
them all in there were 1320 all in one
cellar, and there was room for just o/ie
more colon3'.

After the bees were in the cellar, I
returned to Camillus, and as I think of
tlie lessons learned at Starkville, I
think myself fortunate to have spent a
season with as practical a bee-keeper
as P. H. Elwood.

Camillus, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1904,

•#ta»^^^* H^^.PUV^^ ■

■»^^^»»i.»*»^»^»»**»'».«*»»*»^li.»^^>i.»*»u»^»

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To Gain his ends in life's fierce tussle,
man's two best friends are hope and
hustle.

California bee-keepers are sending
out reports of some crops of honej' in
the State.

Wedding Bells rang May 15th. at
Washington, D. C, for Mr. John M.
Rankin and Miss Evelyn J. Willett.
As most of the readers of the Review
know, Mr. Rankin is in the Apiarian
branch of the Department of Agricul-
ture. Mr. Rankin has been sent to
Chico, California, where he will have
charge of an experiment apiary. The

Review wi.shes him and his bride all
happiness and prosperity'.

•««^**««'«^^\<»

Mr. Frank Benton, in charge of Api-
culture at the U. S. Department ot Agri-
culture, sailed from Philadelphia June
3d, on a journey to the Philippine
Islands by way of Europe, Western
Asia, and India, in search of new
races of hone}' bees, particularly' the
giant bees of the Kast, JMegaphis dorsata
(Apis dorsaia) of India, and Dlegapis
zonata (Apis zotiata) of the Philippines.
He hopes also to obtain some honey-
producing plants for introducing into
this countrj'.

174

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

During his absence the charge of the
work at the Department devolves upon
Dr. E. F. Phillips lately of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, who has just
been appointed as one of Mr. Benton's
expert assistants.

Introducing Queens with tobacco
smoke has been a great success with
me this spring. I have introduced
about 20 queens with it, with not one
failure. Just at dusk I load up the
smoker, and get it to going good, then
put in about a pipeful of tobacco, give
three or four puffs at the entrance,
take off the cover, and drive down the
bees with smoke, then allow the queen
to rundown between the combs, follow-
ing her with a few more puffs of smoke.
There is a query comes to me, might I
not have been just as successful with
smoke from planer shavings as with
that from tobacco ? I confess that I
don't know, but I have my doubts.

After-swarming can be easily avoided
by a plan followed by Mr. Walter
Harmer of Manistee, Michigan. Early
in the season he rears queens from
choice stock, and starts nuclei, then,
when a colony swarms, he hives it in
the hive from which it issued, dimply
removing the brood, brushing off the
bees, and giving the combs of brood to
the nuclei that he has started, thus
gradually building them up into full
colonies. In this way all queens are
reared from selected stock, the swarm
on the old stand is re-inforced by the
young bees brushed from the combs of
brood, and all after-swarming is cer-
tainly avoided.

The Sibbald system seems to be mis-
understood to a certain extent. Many
seem to think it a method of forestalling
swarming, the same as is the case
with shook-swarming. It is true that
a comb of bees, brood, and a queen cell
are placed upon the old stand, and the

old colony set to one side, but, as a
rule, this change is made only tempo-
rariljs for about four days, until the
queen cells have been destroyed in the
old colony and the swarming fever has
subsided, when the divided portions of
the colony are again united. The
American Bee-Keeper says "The kernel
of the Sibbald method is in having the
forced swarm raise a queen, leaving
the old queen with the parent colony."
I beg pardon Mr. Bee-Keeper, but I
don't so understand it. As explained
above, the kernel is in getting rid of
the swarming fever in about four days,
and then uniting the two portions. To
be sure, as Mr. Sibbald says in his
article, the division can be permanent
if so desired, but this is not the lead-
ing feature of the system, as there are
probably other more desirable methods
of making a permanent division.

Ventilation and room to get off the
combs are very important when full
colonies are to be shut in their hives
and moved in warm weather. In May
I bought 12 very populous colonies of
bees about 70 miles from home. I went
after them myself, and covered the
whole tops of the hives with wire cloth.
In addition to this, there was an empty
space upon each side of the brood nest,
and the bees could crawl out and
cluster in this space, yet one of the
colonies smothered before it left the
yard— and I am the editor of a bee
journal, too. The trouble was that
when the colonies were ready for ship-
ment, they were carried indoors and
left for the night. Fearing that it
might be too cool to leave the brood
nests uncovered over night, they were
partly covered with quilts. In the morn-
ing one colony was dead and the
honey running all over the floor. Oh !
how hot the combs were. They would
almost burn the hand when placed
upon them. Then, on the way home,
another colony came pretty near going.
It seemed as though every bee stuck its

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

175

head up ag'ainst the wire cloth until
the air was all shut oflF, but they man-
aged to pull through until they could
be released. Look out when you move
bees in hot weather.

The 11 colonies just mentioned, added
to the nine I already had, enabled me
to begin the season with 20 colonies.
So far, I have increased them to 44. I
shall be a bee-keeper again before I
know it.

Good Stock and its value have been
commented upon time and again, but it
is doubtful if the majority of bee-keep-
ers realize its importance. Many of
my readers know of my selling a strain
of bees, a few years ago, that 1 called
Superior Stock. Well, I have received
many testimonials in regard to their
value, but never received one the equal
of that given me by a bee-keeper living
only five miles from here. He was
on the train going to the Grand Rapids
convention with Mr. Tyrrell and my-
self, when he mentioned the matter.
Two 3'ears ago he bought one of these
queens of me, reared eight young
queens from her, and introduced them
to as many colonies. Last year was a
good honey year in these parts, and
his average, from his whole apiary of
60 colonies, was 96 V sections per col-
ony, while his average yield from his
nine colonies of the Superior Stock was
ISO sections per colony ! I know that
this sounds almost sensational, but I
have known this young man for years,
and know him to be honest and truth-
ful; besides he has no interest, what-
ever, in deceiving any one in the
matter. He saj's that not only did the
bees of the Superior Stock store more
honey when the flow from basswood
and clover was good, but, when it be-
gan to slacken, and the ordinary stock
practically quit work, the Superior
Stock kept right on grubbing away,
even if they did not get honey so
rapidly. These two points: Storing
honey faster, and sticking to it even if

the rtow were not so good, enabled
these bees to store nearly twice as
much honey as was stored b3' theordin-
nary stock. See what he might have
gained if he had requeened his whole
apiarj' with this stock !

This man's name is Leonard Griggs,
and his post office address is Flint,
Mich., R. F. D. No. 5. If you are a
subscriber to the American Bee
Journal, you can see his picture in the
group that accompanied the report of
the Michigan State Convention.

*»^i^«'«^«^^«»

Self-Spacing Frames and Perfect Combs.

Bro. Root tells, in the last issue of
Gleanings, of their buying bees this
spring, and how nice and perfect the
combs were in hives having self-spaced
frames, and how "awful" they were in
the old, loose, hanging frames. I
don't doubt it a particle; but now let
me tell my story. I, too, haye bought
bees this spring. One lot was on self-
spaced frames, and the others on the
loose, hanging frames, and my experi-
ence was exactly the opposite of that of
Bro. Root's. The trouble was that the
man who had the self-spacing frames,
did not know that they ought to be
crowded up together, and he left them
a little distance apart, the same as the
swinging frames are left. This placed
the frames too far apart, and the bees
went on and built their combs helter
skelter, the same as they would in a
box hive. The colonies on the hang-
ing frames came from up-to-date, intel-
ligent bee keepers, and each comb was
as straight and perfect as a board.
Perhaps this will not be considered a
fair illustration. Perhaps it isn't, but
it shows how difficult it is to make
thing's "foolproof." Nearly everything
must be used with intelligence; and,
still further it seems to me that neither
Bro. Root's experience, nor mine, in
this particular instance, is much of an
arg-ument either for or against self-
spaced frames. We should not be in-

176

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

fluenced in our choice of frames by the
condition in which the combs may be
found if we g'o out and buy bees of
farmers or those not posted in bee cul-
ture. The real question is, what frame
will allow us to handle bees in our
apiaries with the least trouble and
annoyance — handle them the quickest
and easiest.

rfHji««^J««'»rf»

Who Discovered the "Baby" Nucleus
System ?

When Mr. W. H. Laws, something-
more than a j'ear ago, described in the
Review the "bab}'" nucleus system
of securing the fertilization of queens,
he said that he believed it was the
first time tha^' it had been publicl}' de-
scribed, with the exception of an arti-
cle that had appeared several months
previous in the American Bee-keeper.
Perhaps it would have been better if
Mr. Laws had mentioned at the time
that the systein was the invention or dis-
covery of Mr. C. B. Bankston. As he
called attention to the article in which
Mr. Bankston had described his
methods, I felt that he had g^iven suffi-
cient credit, but Mr. Bankston, and
Mr. Pharr, who was associated with
Mr. Bankston, have both written and
protested that the Laws article g-ave
the impression that Mr, Laws was the
inventor of the system. Now, while I
think Mr. Laws had no intention what-
ever of robbing any one of deserved
honor, I am more than willing to say
that Mr. Bankston wrote to me and
described his invention more than a
year before the Laws article appeared,
but I was unable to catch the real
method and worth of the S3'stem, and
so wrote Mr. Bankston. He referred
me to Mr. Laws, who had been using
it some time. I wrote Mr. Laws, but
he wished to give it further trial before
writing his experience for publication.
Just about this time, Mr. E. L. Pratt
of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, was
working out a "baby" nucleus system.

The Review would not knowingly rob
any man of any credit that is his due,
and if it has given a wrong- impression
as to who was the inventor of the
"baby" nucleus system, it is more than
willing to correct it.

Keeping up the Strength of Shaken
Swarms.
A natural swarm of bees is much
weaker in numbers at the end of three
weeks than when first hived, as no
young bees have yet been hatched.
When I was engaged in comb honej^
production, I hived a swarm on the old
stand, setting- the old colony to one
side. This gave all of the flying- field-
bees to the swarm. A week later the
old colony was moved to a new loca-
tion, when all of the bees that had
marked this location as their home,
joined the swarm, giving it another
boost. In this way the strength of
swarm (where the sections were) was
kept up. A shaken swarm might be
strengthened in this same way, in fact,
if no increase is desired, it is possible
to keep on adding- the newly hatched
bees to the swarm either by moving the
old hive from one side to the other, or
by shaking- the bees in front of the new
hive. Mr. Stachelhausen tells in the
American Bee Journal how he man-
ages this matter with shaken swarms.
He had practiced this method of get-
swarms, and was pleased with it
except in this one respect, viz., that the'
swarms kept g-rowing- weaker and
weaker during- the three weeks follow-
ing- shaking, because no young- bees
were hatching out. The brood in the
hives was daily increasing-, requiring
more workers to give up other labors
for that of nursing brood, thus reduc-
ing the field-force. If the bees hatch-
ing in the old hive could only have
been transferred to the swarm, all
would have been well. Mr. Heddon's
method of preventing- after-s warmings,
which was the plan that I followed, as

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

177

mentioned above, gave Mr. Stachel-
hausen the idea how to secure this de-
sirable transfer. Instead of moving- the
old hive from side to side of the old
hive, Mr. Stachelhausen set the old
hive by the side of the swarm, then, in
ten days, most of the bees in the old
hive were shaken off in front of the
new hive, and the queen cells cut out
in the old colony. Ten daj's later, all
of the bees were shaken out from the
old colony, and allowed to run in
with the swarm. This keeps the whole
force tog-ether, there is no swarming
and no increase, and a gain of one set
of brood combs.

Mr. Stachelhausen mentions one
other plan for transferring the hatch-
ing bees to the swarm, and that is that
of setting the parent hive on top of the
swarm, and making a connection by
means of a channel from the upper
alighting hole down to the lower one,
so that every bee that flies out from the
upper-hive will, after returning, unite
with the swarm.

MP^p^f^'^nj'.

Housing of Tools and Appliances at an
Out-Apiary.

One of the first problems to confront
the bee-keeper in the establishment of
out-apiaries is the proper housing of
the necessary implements and appli-
ances, and Mr. M. P. Cady, of Wis-
consin, sends me a description of a
plan which combines very low cost
with durability, portability, and efifi-
ciency. It is as follows;

Procure from a dry goods merchant
a sufficient number of large, strong,
dry goods boxes. The lumber should
be seven-eighths of an inch thick, with
the boards matched together. The
cost will probably range from twenty-
cents to one dollar a box.

Make covers to fit the boxes. The
covers should have a cleat around the
edges, which will fit over the sides of
the boxes. Tlie object of the cleats is
to exclude the rain in driving storms.

The covers should be made water
proof, by covering with a good grade of
roofing felt, or, better, with roofing
tin. Secure each cover with a pair of
stout strap hinges; provide each box
with a strong hasp and a good padlock.
Paint the boxes two coats with a good
mineral paint, and your shelter is com-
plete.

These boxes can be readily loaded up-
on the wagon, filled with supplies, and
taken out to the out-yards, where they
will afford a most satisfactory shelter
for implements, boxes of foundation,
crates of sections, etc. Should a
change in the location of the of the
apiary be advisable, their perfect por-
tability makes these boxes most desir-
able apparatus. Of course, the boxes
should be kept off the ground, and
should be placed approximately level.
Two pieces of scantling will afford a
foundation for several, or they can be
blocked up on stones or bricks.

The boxes are equally suitable for
use in home-apiaries where the shelter
suppl3^ is insutficent. A trial is the
best demonstration of the merits of
this plan.

•mP^»-aWii''u'^p

Discussing Candidates for Offices in the
National.
The time will soon be here when the
Manager of the National will be call-
ing for a postal card vote on the nomi-
nation of candidates for President,
Vice President. Secretary, General
Manager, and three Directors. Last
year it seemed to be the consensus of
opinion that in the bee journals was
the place to discuss the merits of pros-
pective candidates. The columns of
the Review are open for such discus-
sion. Of course, this discussion must
be done decently and in order, no in-
vidious comparisons made, and noth-
ing said that will hurt any one's feel-
ings. If a man believes that he is
fitted for one of the offices, desires it,
and is not too modest to say so, the
columns of the Review are open to him.

178

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

If he has a friend that he believes to
be competent, he is welcome to de-
scribe his capabilities.

A System of Comb Honey Production.

To the veterans there may be noth-
ing- new in what I am about to tell,
but the beg-inner may g^et some hints.
The system that I am about to describe
is one that I followed for years, hence
it will be practice instead of theory
that will be g-iven.

When the j'ield comes on from white
clover, the brood nests become crowded,
and the bees begin to whiten the upper
edg-es of their combs with new wax, I
put on the supers with bait sections
saved over from the previous year. As
soon as the first super is from one-half
to two-thirds full, I raise it and put
under it another super with sections
full of foundation. When the super
last added is about half completed, I
raise both supers and put another next
the hive. Usuallj-, by the time the
third super is half full, the top one is
finished, or sufficiently so to be taken
off. I would remove it even if one or
two sections in each corner were not
quite complete. These partly finished
sections I would put into a super until
I had one full, when I would give it
back to the bees. With the Townsend
method described in the Extracted De-
partments there would probably be no
unfinished sections on the outside, be-
cause the outside combs would be ex-
tracting- combs. This method of tier-
ing- up is continued until the end of the
season. As the season draws to a
close, I am careful about g-iving too
much super-room. If I feel that a
colony oug-ht to have more room, I put
another super on top. The bees will
go on and complete the sections next
the hive, just about the same as though
the super had not been added on ton,
and, if the flow does continue, it will
overflow into this upper super.

When a colon3' swarms it is hived in
a contracted brood nest, upon the old

stand, and the supers transferred from
the old hive to the new. Onl}' five
Langstroth frames are used in the
brood nest, or only one section of the
Heddon hive, and starters only are used
in the frames, a queen excluder keep-
ing the queen out of the sections. If
such severe contraction causes swarm-
ing out, I give a full sized brood nest
for three or four days until the swarm-
ing fever has worn off, when the con-
traction is put in force. The old col-
on}' is placed by the side of the swarm
for a week and then moved to a new
location. Usuall}' this prevents after-
swarms, and helps to boom the colony
where the sections are. If the swarm
comes off early in the season, it is pos-
sible that the old colony will store
some surplus, otherwise it becomes a
most excellent colony for wintering,
having abundance of good stores, and
a young, vigorous queen.

At the end of the sea.sou I unite the
colonies that have been contracted. In
this way, we get one colony of increase
from two colonies, get all of the white
honej' in the supers where it cnn be
sold at the highest price. I would like
to have my readers criticise this plan.

■ »• Mfi-a'tPt

The Pay and Powers of In'^pectors of
Apiaries.

It is very seldom that I have occa-
sion to disagree with the American Bee-
Keeper, but I must take issue with it
to a certain extent in its upholding of
Governor Folk in his veto of Missouri's
foul brood bill. The Governor objected
to the powers to be conferred upon the
Inspector, allowing him to destro}'
colonies if he deemed it best; he also
hinted that $4.00 a day was pretty big
pay for such work. I agree with the
Bee-Keeper that "many of the men who
are itching for the post of Inspector
can not earn an}' where near $4.00 a
da}'," and I ahso agree that some of the
laws do not sufficientl}' safeguard the
appointment of a competent man for

I

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

179

Inspector, but, if the Bee-Keeper
thinks that $4.00 a day is too much pay
for the services of a competent man,
(perhaps it doesn't) then I must beg" to
differ. During" the time when foul
brood can be treated, a bee-keeper's
time is worth that much in his apiary
— in fact, he can easily lose many times
that amount per da^' by neglecting" his
bees to look after foul brood. Both Mr.
France and Mr. McEvoy have told me
that it would have been money in their
pockets if some other competent men
had had their jobs, while they had
stayed at home and looked after their
bees. If some ward politician who
does not know a bee from a mud wasp
is to be appointed, then $4.00 a day, or
any sum, for that matter, is too much,
but, for a competent man, one capable
of handling" both the disease and the
bee-keepers, one who can practically
rid the State of the disease, $4.00 a
day is none too much. There are
many more pleasant occupiitions in
which the pay is much larg^er. The
appointment of an Inspector should be
taken entirely out of the field of poli-
tics. In our State, the Inspector is ap-
pointed upon the recommendation of
the State bee-keepers' association The
leadings bee-keepers of the State, those
interested enough to belong^ to the State
association, well-know who in their
State is the most competent man for the
position of Inspector, and it is in their
power to have him appointed if he will
accept the office.

And when a competent man is ap-
pointed, he must be g"iven power to de-
stroj' bees, hives and combs when he
finds it necessary. An inspector with-
out such powers would be of no earthly
good. It is only when clothed with
such authority that he can accomplish
anything. Inspectors are given author-
ity to destroy herds of cattle when
found diseased with tuberculosis, other-
wise, no good could be accomplished,
and an Inspector of apiaries must have
similar powers, or he is of no use.

The Holtermann Queen Cell Detector.

It is well-known that bees verj' sel-
dom build their queen cells upon the
side of a smooth, perfect comb. Such
cells usually' appear upon the edges,
bottom, or other irregularity of the
combs; and Mr. R. F. Holtermann has
taken advantage of this fact to secure
the building of the cells in such a
place that they may, by means of an
opening in the hive, be easil3' and
quickly seen. He cuts out a portion of
the lower, back corner of one of the
central combs, and puts in a feeder
that may be filled from an opening in
the back of the hive. When the season
for stimulative feeding has passed —
but I will let friend Holtermann tell
his own story, copying it from the
Canadian Bee Journal. Here is what
he says: —

HOLTERMANN gELL DETECTOR — OUT-
SIDE VIEW.

When the season for stimulative feed-
ing is passed we soon reach the swarm-
ing period. The expert is now busy,
and wants short cuts to do his work,
and to be saved the need of removing
covers, heavy supers, queen-excluders
and frames to look for queen-cells.
The feeder is now removed, a wedge-
shaped piece of wood put into the cor-
ner from which the feeder has been re-
moved, the long side of the right angle
lies on the floor-bottom and the shorter
side just reaches the opening in the
hive end. Through the opening is in-
serted a straight piece of wood, the
height corresponding with the width

180

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

of the opening^ in the end of the hive,
but the piece is cut on a bias. It rests
on top of the ang-ling piece of wood,
resting- on the hive bottom. Tliese
parts partially fit into the imperfect
comb. When the bees wish to build
queen cells by this method they have a
convenient and inviting- place rig^lit
about the center of the brood chamber,
and at a place, bj' means of the with-
drawal of the straig-ht piece, where in
a moment the hive can be examined for
cells. If the cells are there, they may
be in other parts; if not tliere, they will
not be found in other jiarts, as far as I
know, unless the bees are superseding
the queen. Let me say here, if other
combs have holes in them half-way or
so between the top and bottom bar, and
near the center, this plan may fail and

was first described, but the principle
has not been affected.

The idea is to oifer the bees a con-
venient place in the center of the hive,
or near the center, for cell-building,
and to so arrange that an examination
of this point can be made without re-
moving- cover, supers, queen-excluders,
brood frames, etc. At each examina-
tion, a little of the comb maj' be cut
away just above the block that is re-
moved for examination, thus giving-
added room, if needed, for the building
of cells. When the piece is withdrawn,
smoke should be blown into the open-
ing, and an examination made. If
there are cells, the3' cannot be exam-
ined without cutting them loose and
drawing- them out, which can best be
done with a pair of long scissors.

mmm/j//////////////m////m^^^^

HOLTERMANN CELL DETECTOR — SECTIONAL VIE-W\

is not safe. Such should not be, and I
have no remedy in this particular for
those who do not do as I do, use full
sheets of foundation or reject combs
imperfect. Unless this is done the
swarm detector is of no use.

In addition to the foregoing, friend
Holtermann has sent me a letter which
reads as follows: —

Br.\ntford, Out,, May 4th, 19U5.
Friend Hutchinson —

In reply to yours re the Queen Cell
Detector, I send 3'ou a somewhat rough
drawing which will illustrate the latest
detailed construction of the device. It
has undergone some changes since it

If the combs are full of holes, or have
other imperfections, this plan will not
be safe; but such combs are not to be
found in hives if the best results are to
be attained in bee-keeping-.

As already stated, since first design-
ing and testing the Cell Detector, I
have made some changes, but \\\y ex-
perience, and that of others, satisfies
me that it is a practical success. It
will save valuable time and and heavy
work. It is patented, but I am willing"
to allow a few bee-keepers to test it,
free of charge, this year, upon a few
hives, but I want them to first arrange
the matter with me.

R. F. Holtermann.

THE BEE-I'EEPERS' REVIEW

181

The National Convention to Meet in San
Antonio, Oct. 28-Nov, 1.

The Inter-National Fair holds its
annual exhibition in San Antonio,
Texas, Oct. 21st to Nov. 1st. When
this fair is in progress, there are very
low rates in force on the railroads out
for 600 or 700 miles. Then there are
Harvest excursions from the North on
the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays of the
month. The 4th Tuesday in October
comes on the 24th. Considering- these
facts, it lias been decided to select
Saturday, October 28th, as bee-keep-
ers' day at the fair. This will give
ample time for members from the North
to reach the city by starting the 24th.
The regular sessions of the convention
will begin Monday, October 30th, and
continue three da3's.

The Fair Association has designated
Saturday, Oct. 28th as bee-keepers' day,
and will so advertise it, and especial
pains will be taken to liave on exhibi-
tion, hives, honey, wax, bees, and
other apiarian products. At this fair
will be on exhibition all of the agri-
cultural and other products of the
South and Mexico, and a visit to it
will really be worth all the trip will
cost, to give one an idea of the South
and her products.

Then the Texas members propose to
give a genuine Mexican supper which
will be free to all outside members.
There will be Mexican band and
toast making — in short it might be

called a banquet. On Sunday the
members can attend church or go
on a trolley ride around the city.
Side-trips to Uvalde and other places
are planned for all who wish to see the
country after the convention is over,
bee-keepers at the various honey cen-
ters having promised to take bee-keep-
ers around free of charge. Texas is
one of the greatest, if not the greatest,
of honey producing States in the Union,
and bee-keepers will now have an
opportunity to see her wonderful re-
sources, enjoy the hopitalities of her
people, and profit by meeting in con-
vention, all at very small cost.

The headquarters of the National
Association will be at the Bexar Hotel
(pronounced Baer, long sound of a),
corner of Houston and Jefferson Sts.,
and rates are only $1.00 a day, and up.
The convention will be held at Elks'
Hall, 125 W. Commerce St., only two
blocks from the Bexar Hotel.

Everything is now all arranged ex-
cept the program, and I wish that every
one would write and make suggestions
in regard to topics and men to discuss
them. If you have no special topic
that you wished put into the pi'ogram,
you must surely hiive some question
that you would like brought before the
convention. Pour in the suggestions
and queries, and let me get up one of
the best programs that we have ever
had.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Secretary.

A COMBINED SYSTEM.

One in Whicn Both Comb and Extracted

Honey are Produced in the Same

Super.

When on the way home from our
State convention last winter, Mr. E.

D. Townsend explained to me a
method of producing both comb and
extracted honej^ in the same super. It
had been described to him by Mr. O.
H. Townsend, of Otsego, Mich. He
made it perfectly clear to me how it
would work, he showed up the advan-
tages, but, for some reason I could not
see how it was any ahead of the put-

182

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ting on of a shallow super of extract-
ing combs at the opening of the season.
Once more, at the Northern Michigan
convention, held at Central Lake, Mr.
Townsend explained the system to the
convention. Still, it seemed no better
to me than putting on a shallow ex-
tracting super first. Now, after read-
ing an article on the subject, that he
contributes to Gleanings, I can begin
to see what appear like advantages
over simply using an extracting super
first. Instead of calling attention to
those points, I think I had better copy
the article entire. Mr. Townsend
says: —

I think I have something good for the
readers of Gleanings. It did not orig-
inate with me. so you see if I should
get enthusiastic before I am through,
and paint the idea a little ros3', I can
not be accused of lauding my own ideas.
The credit belongs to that veteran bee-
keeper, Mr. O. H. Townsend, of
Otsego, Mich., and was given to me
between sessions of our Michigan State
Convention at Grand Rapids, in Feb-
ruary. You know E. R., that, in pro-
ducing comb honej', if we give a super
of brand-new sections with full sheets
of foundation to a colony of bees at the
approach of the honey season, likely
enough they will sulk, or at the best do
only a little work in the sections, and then
swann. To overcome partly this tend-
ency in the bees not to go above, prob-
ably the majority use "bait sections."
dirty things of the previous season's
use. The honey in these dirty sections
is always of an inferior quality. The
argument that is usually presented in
favor of their use is that they cause the
bees to enter the sections so much more
readily that really thej' do not cost the
producer anything — that we get just as
much or more honey, exclusive of the
bait sections, so the bait sections really
cost us nothing; but I think most of
them eventually iind their way on the
market, though, and I am sure these
bait sections do not help the market
any, and are quite likely to cause less
consumption of comb honey.

Perhaps the next most marked
system is Mrs. Barber's plan of giving
each colony a shallow super of drawn
comb to start them above. After they
are well started the drawn-comb super
is removed and a super of clean new
sections with full sheets of foundation

is substitued. The bees being used to
working above do not hesitate about
going into the sections when substituted
for the combs.

I now think the reader's mind is in
the right channel, so it will be easy to
convince him of the superiority of the
Townsend plan, which I am about to
describe.

THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE SUPER TO
PRODUCE BOTH COMB AND EXTRACT-
ED HONEY.

In arranging the super, use two
super-springs to each super, one at
each end ; and when I speak of extract-
Ing-combs I mean those that are white
and nice — no brood ever raised in them.
The first super given each colony at
the approach of the honey-fiow is ar-
ranged with one shallow extracting
comb at each side, and one in the
center; the rest of the super is filled
with clean sections, with full sheets of
foundation; then when the super is
partly filled with honey, the usual time
for giving a second super, in fact, all
the supers given after the first, are
placed under the previous one, and are
always arranged with one comb at each
outside of the super.

Now, when we guess we shall need
only one more super to hold the rest of
the honey-flow, a super of all drawn
combs is given oti top.

Doesn't it begin to appear to you
that there are great possibilities for
this system in the future ? Mr. Town- ■
send claims for this system much more
comb honey, and quite a quantity of the
finest grade of extracted per colony.

The great point in favor of this system
is the stimulus the extracting-combs
give a colony, causing them to go above
immediately, as soon as there is just a
little hone}' in the field; thus the brood-
nest is kept in almost the same condi-
tion that is secured in the production of
extracted honey, this causing very
much less swarming, and keeps the
colon}' in that condition so essential to
the best results in honey production.
Then the bait-comb nuisance is done
awa}' with. This in itself is enough
to make it worth while to adopt this
new system.

Mr. Townsend uses a closed-end ex-
tractlng-frame that fits his super.
Any one can figure out the size and
thickness of frame that will fit his
super; but we prefer 1^4 -Inch spacing
in our extracting operations, but of
course there are no separators used in

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

183

them. If separators are used, as
would be likely in a comb-hone}' super,
IJ's or perhaps 2 inches from center to
center would be nearer rig'ht. Likely
the widtli of one's super would deter-
mine to quite an extent the spacin^'^ he
would have to adopt. Make them tit
your super. Isn't this a g-rand idea,
this using: an extracting-comb in the
outside of each super, making" this
part of the super that is usually
finished last thefirst that is commenced,
with this condition secured. Is there
any question in the mind of the ex-
perienced comb-honey producer that
the rest of the super containing- sec-
tions will be drawn out with astonish-
ing rapidity, thus securing that ideal
finish so much sought after, and here-
tofore secured in only a lavish honey-
flow ? I predict a great future for this
system.

PRODUCING BOTH COMB AND EXTRACT-
KD HONEY IN THE SAME FULL-
DEPTH EXTRACTING UPPER
STORY.

In producing extracted honej' we use
the ten-frame Langstroth hive, and use
eight combs in a ten-frame upper story
to extract from. Now, when starting a
new yard, usually by buying most of
the bees, our practice is, in furnishing
them with combs to be used in their
upper stories, to go to a 3'ard having-
their upper stories all full of drawn
combs, tmdtake half their combs tothe
new yard. This leaves four drawn
combs for each upper story at both
yards. Now we put in the place of the
combs removed four wired frames with
full sheets of foundation. Some of you
by this time are likely wondering
what this has to do WMth raising- comb
honey in an extracting upper story.
It is this. We find with the upper
stories arranged with half-foundation
and half-drawn combs we can prevent
swarming to nearly the same extent as
when full sets of combs are used.
Taking advantage of this fact the
next question arises. How many wide
frames of sections each can we substi-
tute for these four frames o.f founda-
tion, and still prevent swarming- ? If
we could sandwich in only three to
each upper story, that would be 24
sections to each upper story.

Perhaps it would be well to close
the season with eifull set of combs,
placed on top the same as I told you
heretofore, with the single-depth super.

The idea is, to get all our partly filled
supers exclusively' in the extracted
form. The object is this: Every wide
frame of sections we can get in this
way is worth in the market about twice
what it would be in the extracted form.
It is a quicker sale, and the tendency
of the tunes is that specialists, with
their increasing number of yards that
are at the present time starting up
over the country, will in the future pro-
duce such large quantities in the ex-
tracted form that there is a possibility
of a still wider margin in prices be-
tween the two articles unless some
such arrangement as I have outlined
above can be worked, so quite a per
cent, can be taken in the comb-honey
form, and still control swarming in
the outj'ards.

In conclusion I want to add that I
am an enthusiast over this idea that
was brought forward at our conven-
tion at Grand Kapids last month, and
during the next few years I shall test
this system thoroughly in both my
comb and extracted honey supers, and
shall iidd all the wide frames of eight
sections each to my extracting upper
stories that I find I can, without caus-
ing swarming- at our out-j'ards where
no one is present to hive swarms that
would be quite sure to come if we used
too many sections in pkice of drawn
combs.

THE HOFFMAN FRAME.

Also a Plea for Simplicity in Hive-
Construction

I know a great deal of late has been
written in regard to the Hoffman frame,
but, as long as it remains in use, I feel
that something, yes, much, ought to be
said. I have often thought if this style
of frame had been in general use, and
then some one had invented the free,
swinging, so-called, all-wood frame
given us by the genius of Langstroth,
what an iniprovemevt the latter would
have been considered ! In keeping
with this line of thought, the Rural
Bee-Keeper prints a most excellent
article by that eminently practical bee-
keeper, Mr. Stachelhausen. To the
man who is free to choose between the

184

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ordinary Langstroth and the Hoffman
frame, this article should prove most
profitable and interesting-. Mr. Stachel-
hausen says: —

Years ago nearlj' all American bee-
keepers, among- them "Novice," now
the senior member of the A. I. Root Co.,
were opposed to all kinds of self-spac-
ing frames, especially closed ends and
half closed end frames were estimated
as a nuisance. The old Huber leaf
hive, having closed end frames, was
said to be no practical hive and Lang-
stroth was praised as the inventor of
the first practical frame-hive, because
his frames could not be propoHsed to-
gether. Baron Von Berlepsch in Ger-
many invented his hive at the same
time as Langstroth, using a frame very
similar to the Hoftman frame. For
this reason it was said that the hive is
not practical, because these frames are
sometimes glued together in such a
degree that rather the wood would
break than the propolis. Loose hang-
ing frames were used generall}', but
they have the disadvantage that accu-
rate spacing takes some time and that
they may slip from their proper place
when the bee-keeper may not notice it.
When a colony shall be moved even a
short distance the frames must be
fastened in some way. Otherwise it
was not disputed that these frames
were easiest to handle, when a proper
bee space all around were secured. To
overcome these disadvantages the sim-
plest way is, to let the frame-ends rest
in shallow notches on the rabbet.
This was recommended many times
and different devices of this kind were
invented, but most bee-keepers were of
the opinion that they could get along
without it, and considered it a useless
expense in the hive.

I have used such rabbets 24 or 2i>
years; they are made of tin strips, the
notches are cut one-quarter inch deep,
and by the help of a little machine the
places where the frames rest are bent
back to the tin strip, and hammered
down where the spaces are not.
These tin strips are nailed to the
wooden rabbets. If a frame is lifted
one-quarter inch only, it can be pushed
away from the neighboring frame, and
so enough space is secured to lift out
any frame in the same way as with the
loose hanging frame. I use such rab-
bets in my shallow stories which are
Sy^ inches high only; in them the
frames are fixed sufficiently even for

transportation from one apiary to an-
other eight or ten miles over rough
roads. If anybody uses frames nine
inches high, or still higher, the spac-
ing of the frames at the bottom bars
may be not regular enough, and the
frames may swing too much during
transportation. For this reason a
spacer of some kind may be necessary
at this place. I do not use such frames
any more and do not like them.

As I have explained, it was the gen-
eral opinion that all self-spacing
frames were not practical, when Hed-
don made public the invention of his
divisible brood-chamber hive with
closed end frames. He was the first
one who went back to this old style
frame, but he said expressly that his
hive was constructed to be handled
mostly by stories and not by frames.
The A. I. Root Co. made, during one
year, similar frames of the I.«angstroth
size, but the next year they boomed the
so-called Hoffman frame, which is
nothing else than the Berlepsch frame,
and as old as the Langstroth hive.
For Berlepsch, a self-spacing frame
was necessary in his side opening hive.
The same frame was tried in the
United States, but for hives with open
tops they found no admirers. This
frame was used by G. Dathe (1856, I
think), who used nails with large
heads for spacers. Since this time the
Dathe frames, or similar ones, are
used exclusively in Germany, and the
Berlepsch frames abandoned.

When the Hoffman frame was ac-
cepted and patronized b}' the A. I.
Root Co., everj' bee-keeper who raised
the objection that such frames were
glued together and difticnlt to handle
received the answer from the editor, E.
R. Root, that he certainly had not tried
them sufficiently to speak in the
case. Even this disadvantage of pro-
polisation was reversed to an advan-
tage, saying these frames could be
handled by two or three without getting
separated. I have tried such hives of
the Langstroth size, and have still
some in my home yard. If I have to
handle such hives I am always very
glad if I have lifted out the first frame
or the division board without breaking
it to pieces. To lift out two at once,
or push four or five together from one
side of the hive to the other, has
always been out of question.

If we read the different bee journals
we may think everybody is using these
Hoffman frames, and in fact they are
in fashion now, and all the younger

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

1H5

bee-keepers are using- them, probably
never having tried any other. In
American Bee Journal, 1904, page 2'I2,
twenty-six old practical bee-keepers
express their opinion and half of them
are ag^ainst any self-spacing- frame;
only three are in favor of the Hoffman
frames. This should set the bee-keep-
ing fraternity to thinking-.

We will consider now whiit advan-
tag-es are claimed for the Hoffman
frame, and what disadvantages for
frames spaced by notches in the rab-
bet. In Gleaning, 1903, page 443,
P^ditor Root criticises in a foot-note
such rabbet-spruced frames. He says:

"* * '^' I have yet to know of a
case where it is used very extensively
b}' any bee-keeper who produces tons
of honey. & * *"

Well, I used them many years, hav-
ing other frames for experiments only,
and I produce 10 to 2U tons of honey
annually. In all these experiments I
have not found a device which I would
prefer.

"-X- -X- * ji^ frame spacing rabbet
in the hive does not permit of the move-
ment of the frames from one side of the
hive to the other without taking them
out one b}' one. "* '* *"

How this movement of frames from
one side of the hive to the other pans
out in practice with the Hoffman frame
I have mentioned alreadj'. The frames
can be worked this way all right, if
the hive is occupied by a nucleus and a
few weeks only at this; if a full colony
is working- in the hive for several sea-
sons, the thing does not work any
more, exactly as it was said by the old
bee-keepers, who had some experience
with similar frames some years ago.
Sorry to say, that the foul-brood in-
spectors of several States had to go
throug-h the same experience ag-ain.
With a rabbet spaced frame it is by no
means necessary to take out all the
flames one by one, or a large part of
them, even if spreading of the brood is
used. We can spread the brood-frames
without taking them out of the hive en-
tirely and can do it in less time than
we can get a move on the first Hoffman
frame in the middle of a brood-nest.
If this movement of the Hoffman frames
in groups is so great an advantage in
spreading the brood, why does the bee-
keeper, who since man^' years recom-
mended this operation and who cer-
tainly handles the frames for this pur-
pose more than any other bee-keeper,
G. M. Doolittle, say : "No fixed frames
for me ?"

''* * * Still another serious objec-
tion is that frames of this type cannot
be handled in groups of two, three and
four. Modern bee-keeping demands
that the brood-nest shall be manipu-
lated in halves or quarters to a great
extent. Any system that requires the
separate manipulation of each frame
must be considered a failure."

My frames can be handled in groups
of two or three by placing a finger be-
tween two frames, as Doolitttle has
described several times. If modern
bee-keeping- demands Ruy ptirticular
thing, it is that the brood-nest shall be
manipulated as little as possible, hive-
stories should be manipulated and not
frames. Anj' system that requires
much handling- of frames is a failure.
We handle brood frames in making
shook swarms. In this case every
frame must be handled anyhow. If
we look for foul brood in the hive,
every frame must be handled. Spread-
ing of the brood I estimate as a useless
and dangerous manipulation, if the
correct size of a hive and a proper
management is adopted. For queen-
rearing, too, I have to handle brood-
frames; in all these cases Hoffman
frames hinder manipulation consider-
ably and have not a single advantage.

Nevertheless, the main objection to
the Hoflman frame for a large bee-
keeper is not so great if used in the
brood-chamber only. The brood-frames
are not handled very often, if it is nec-
essary to handle them, and it takes
more time to do it, we maj' bear it, at
least, if the man does not know a better
waj'. If it should be necessary I
would get along even with combs in
brood-chamber not movable at all. A
foul-brood inspector may curse once in
a while, but we do not make our hives
for the inspector.

The main objection to fixed frames
of theHoffman style is, if they are used
in the supers and extracted hone}^ is
produced, the wide side-bars, staples
ornails are hindrances inuncapping the
combs quickly; the^'catch into the wire
netting of the extractor and in taking
them out of the supers full of honey, and
setting them back into the supers takes
considerable more time than with my
other frames. I have during'-many years
used such Ideal supers with Hoffman
frames, because I like to use standard
implements. I was willing to use these
supers exclusively, if they would prove
as good as my old supers, but they did
not. As often as such supers are
brought from the apiary into the honey-

186

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

house to be extracted, my son-in-law
who does the uncapping", is always in
bad humor, and as soon as I get these
frames in my fingers for extracting I
am in the same fix. At present about
50 such supers are standing- in my yard
in piles for sale cheap.

Do you know what E. Whitcomb
says ? I will tell you: "I am a mem-
ber of the church, and have a great
desire to remain in g-ood standing not
only with the church but with God.
With fixed frames I am afraid that I
might be tempted to backslide. In
speaking- of g-race, our Saviour, we
fear, did not have in mind the perplex-
ities of self-spacing- frames."

The A. I. Root Co. has caused a
g-reat many prog-resses in bee-culture,
has propag-ated many good implements;
what they recommend and manufacture
is adopted g-enerally. By their influ-
ence we in the United States have a
uniform hive and other standard goods,
and this is a g-reat advantag-e, if we
consider the different frames and sizes
of hives in other countries, but in
adopting- and recommending this frame
they made a very big- mistake that it
will take many years to correct.

I know that g-ood, practical bee-
keepers (some of them) prefer the Hoft'-
man frame, and the argument used is
that hired help can't space them in a
regular manner. The man who has
not in his eye enough of mathematics,
or adaptability enough to be taught, to
space frames with sufficient exactness,
is too low in the scale of intelligence
to be given a place in the apiary. Ac-
curate spacing of frames is a small
problem compared with some that must
be learned bj' the really helpful
helper.

I am sincere in believing that the ad-
dition of projections on our brood
frames, lock-joints (so-called dovetail-
ing) to the corners of our hives, revers-
ible bottom boards, or those with a
"drop," covers with more than simple
cleats to prevent warping, are simply
steps in getting away from a simplicitj'
that should be cherished as the apple
of the eye.

I hope bee-keepers won't take
offense at what I am about to say, but
it does seem to me, sometimes, as

though they were like a large family
of ver}'^ good children — do everything
exactly as father tells them. If the
leaders say a thing is good, the rank
and file are bound to believe it. There
seems to be a lack of stamina, of cour-
age to condemn anything the leaders
are booming If the opposition that
has lately been developed against the
Hoffman frame could have come out
with the first attempt to popularize it,
the frame would never have been
adopted. It maj' be late now to op-
pose it, but, perhaps, those who are
now starting in the business, may be
saved from the mistake of its adoption.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Calal ogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MFG. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
1 oi '1 r47-iaq Cetlar Lake Road

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.-
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a jiaper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $:o.oo last spring, yet
J25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W Z HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

HONEY QUEENS

LAWS' ITALIAN and HOLY LAND QUEENS.
Plent.v of fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with these lam catering to a satisfied trade.
Are you in it ? Or are yon interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The following prices
areas low as consistent with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, $8. 00; tested Ji.oo; per
dozen, |io. Breeders, the very best of either
race, $3.00 each.

W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

187

THERE'S NO SECTIONS

LIKE

LEWIS SECTIONS.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

And for sale by the following:

Manufactured
by

Watertown,
Wis., U. S. A.

E- T. Abbott, .St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. I,umber Co , Fairbault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred \V. Mnth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton. O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

York Honey & Bee Supply Co , Chi-
cago, 111., 141 & 143 Onlaiio St.

l,oui^ Hansn's Soii«, Davcnpoit, Iowa.

Adam A. v larke,Iye Mars, low'.

Southwestern Bee Co . San Antonio,
Texas., 4,^8, Houston St,

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

Colorado Honey Producers Association,

Denver, Colo.
Fruit Growers' Ass'n., ( .rand Junction,

Colo.
Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, I,ovelan(i, Colo.
Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.
Chas. H. Ivilly & (.0., Seattle, Wash.
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.
A. Coipin, Wenona, 11'.
California, I,uniber Si Milling Co , San

Francisco, Calitornia.
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn He'-ls, Eng.

F^ake Voup Own Hives.

3ee - Heepeps

Will save money by
usin<^ our Foot Pov^--
er Saw in makinjj^
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog"ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, .Ills.

4 -04- igt

188

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

0-V>-s^-

PATEINXj, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24

YEiARS the: beisx. oatalog freie:.

F. BINGHAM, FARWEZLL, MICH

VIRGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens secured by a cross
and years of careful selection, from
Red Clover Queens and Superior Stock
obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 7Sc; after June 15, 60c
Tested queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c
Selected tested queens, $1.25; after
June 15, $1.00.

Write a postal card for circular.

CHAS. KOEPPEN,
6o4-tf Fredericksburg-, Va.

—If you are going to—

rUy a bUzz-saw^,

write to the editor of the IIeview. He has a
Qew Barnes saw to sell and would be glfld to
make you hanpy hv telling you the price af
which he would sell it.

TAR HEEL BEAUTIES,

Finest honey gatherers out. After many j'ears
of weeding Dut poor stock, and letaining those of
marked superiority, by actual test in the apiary;
1 can now fill orders for fine Italian Queens, un-
tested at 75Cts.; tested, Ji oo

05-5-3t

G. W. McGUIRE,

Dark Ridge, N. C.

and bees cost no more than poor ones. We fur-
nish good ones on short notice. Untested, 75c
each; J4 00 for 6; or S7.50 per dozen. Tested,
$1.25 each. Breeders, $3 00.

Nuclei, i-franie, with queen, $r 50: 2-franie,
$200; 3-franie, $2.50. Absolute satisfaction or
no deal We lireed six p\ire races. Price list
describing them free. We are agents for the
Ditmer comb foundation for this State and sell
at Dittnier's prices. If you wish your wax work-
ed into foundation for cash we will receive same
and furnish you the foundation trom our stock;
which will save j-ou much time and freight,

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,
2-05-tf Beeville, Tex.

HOOT'S BEE-SUPPlilES
{ROOT'S PI^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL. Kendall. Mich

Whv he bought our

I asked Mr. ly. F. Weaver what he could say of
our queens, and tell the truth, and here is his
reply:

Shadeland, Ind., 2-S, 1905.
Friend Michael,

We received our first queens from
you in 1903, — you will find that you sent me
more queens in 1904, and we expect to order a
greater number in 1905. Why? Because your
q\ieens have met all our requirements, their
workers being gentle, uniform in color and size,
energetic hustlers and prosperous, in colony and
store. We know not your method of rearing,
and it makes no difference to us so long as we
get such good and prolific queens.

Yours respectfully,

t,. F. WEAVER.

3-05-3t

¥0 MICHAEL.

R. F. D. No. I, Winchester, Ind

i

The New Century

Queen Rearing Co.

Has all queen cells built in full colonies and
under the most favorable conditions, while the
system of mating allows the sale of queens at
unusually low prices; also the utmost promptness
in shipment. No claim is made that these
queens are superior to all others, but they are
certainly as good as can be reared; while for
promptness of service ana fairness of dealing
they cannot be excelled

The following varieties are bred, and mated in
difTerent localities- Three-banded, and Golden
Italians, and Carniolans. Prices for either var-
iety are as follows: One tested queen, $1 00; six
for $5.00; one untested queen, 75 cts., five for
$3-75; ten for $6.00; fifteen for $8 25. Prices on
nuclei and full colonies given upon application.

Safe arrival guaranteed. Send for discnptive
circular.

NEW CENTURY QUEEN REARING CO.
3-05-tf Berclair, Texas.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

189

1 1=2 STORY,

8-frame hives, either plain, or bee-way
supers, $1.00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 K) shipping cases, $13.00
for 100; 12 ft) $8.00 for 100; 20 ft) Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with order of $10.00.
Send for fi'eelist.

W. D. SOPER
R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

ITAlilRfi QUEENS

I'ntested, 50 cents each, tested, 75 cents each;
Carniolan queens, same price. Bankston baby
nucleus hive nailed ready for use, by mail, 35 cts. ;
nursery cage, by mail, 35 cts. Send for circular.

Full instructions are sent showing how to op-
erate the new Queen Rearing outfit.

C. B. BANKSTON,

Milano,
05-5-tf Milam, Co., Tex.

The Bee-Keepers
Paradise.

300,000 Acres of Wild Land for sale,
in the Famous Fruit Belt Reg^ion of
Michigan, at low prices and on easy
terms.

These lands are especially adapted
to fruit culture, all the most desirable
fruits being cultivated with especial
success.

These uncultivated lands also pro-
duce immense quantities of wild ber-
ries, from which large crops of honey
are obtained, at a good profit to the
Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and circulars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address:

J. E. MERRiTT,

Gen'l Mgr.

Michigan Land Co.,

Manistee Michigan.

Big

S\t(

■silnforima:

^mdl

SaiitaT(g

All the Way

F. T. Hendry,

Gen. Agt.,

151 Griswold St.

Detroit, Mich.

The Santa Fe will run first-
class excursions, Chicago
to California, on certain
days, April to August.

Fare out and back about
half the usual price. You
may go on California Linnit-
ed and. visit Grand Canon.

190

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

■iiiiiii«aiiiiiiin«iiiiiiimiiiiiiiiri

■iiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiBdiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiia

■ IIIIMIDHIIIIIIIIlHIIiMllliailtllllliailtlltllll

y Prompt Shipments,

ill!!'!!

HI Are what you want and we

pi can make them. Send in your

fl!"I orders and be convinced that

HI we can do it. WISCONSIN

jlj BASSWOOD FOR SEC-

|-| TIONS. DOVE-TAILED

■iiiiiif

|; I HIVES made by ourselves

til now. A full line of supplies

|l| for bee-keeping on hand.

South Western

BEn-KnTrPHRs

SAVE MONEY

Get our prices on all Bee Keepers'
Supplies before you buy. Send for
Catalog We carry a full line, and
will not be undersold.

HONEY CANS AND FOUNDATION
— We represent the American Can Co.
in Texas, as their sole and exclusive
agents for honey cans. We also han-
dle Dadant ^t Son's world-famous
Comb Foundation, exclusivly. Get
ou' prices before buying.

BEES AND QUEENS, in any
quantity at all seasons ot the year.
L,et us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX bought
and sold. We will buy your honey
crop; and we especially want your
beeswax at the highest market price.

H. H. HYDE

Successor to
GRAHAM - HYDE BEE CO.,
San Antonio, Texas.

THE

i!!!!!!l ^^^

iiiiiiii

11 Mapshfield |VIfg. Co.

iiiiiiii

ill MaFshfield, Wis.

S::llniiii>iiiiMiiililiii!iiii!!"i!ii>i!!>|iiiiiii!!<ipi''i!!!i>|''!>!!l''|'''''''''i''!'!!''!f'''''''''i'''''"''!

|iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilnmiiiiliiiiiiiii|iiiiiiii:liuiiiii'lii liiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil

iiiiiii|

I I Root's Goods at

II Root's Price?

!!!!!!!!

P-1 POUDER'S Honey Jars and

|"rl'| everything used by Bee-Keepers.
i : i I^arge and complete stock on hand

||!''l'| at all times I,ow freight rates.

§ i Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

■iiiiii| ^ "

HI Walter S. Pou<Jer

mm 513-515 Mass. Ave.

i|'i IXDIANAPOIJS, IXI)

i|||S lllliailiniiiiiNiiiiNwiiiNiliuiiivii'iue'iiiiiii'Bu:! iii:iii:iiBuiiMiiaMiM»il !a'iiiii#':"'''l!ii!ii!!ip!!l!!!i|!!!!i!l!!|!!!!!!!!!|!|!!!l!l!|y!{|in^^^ fi'"'

Iiiiiiii '''''''''liiiilmiiiBiliiriiuBiirii^^

Dittmet^'s
poandation

Is the Best.

Will tell you WHY. If you

will send for Free Catalog

and Samples.

Early Order Discount on
Full Line of Supplies.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

Working- Wax into Founda-
tion for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

Foundation.

Gus. Dittrner,

Aucusta., - - Wisconsin

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

191

DO YOU USE THEA\?

Y

Did you notice the REVIEW
COVER has changed to the ex-
act tint of Yellowzones ! Shows
what a good remedy can do.

They will DO THINGS for you.

Z

Here's part of a letter to W. Z.
Hutchinson from a subscriber

Bishop, Calif., Mar. 13, 1905.

Editor Review: — Your endorse-
ment of YZ caused me to send for
a box which proved highly satis-
factory in a case of fever and
chills. A man with stomach
trouble, that I gave some to, says
it was the only medidiie that ever
GOT THERE.

Do not be backward in recom-
mending anything good. It is
apppreciated.

Chiis. Winter.

Here's what a sample did for a bee-
keeper in Iowa.

April 3, 1905.

Mj' wife is subjectto very severe
attacks of neuralgia. I used the
sample last night. The}' relieved
her and saved the expense of a
Dr.

I have had at least adozen dif-
ferent Drs. but seldom get any
reliej without the hypodermic
needle. Find enclose $1.00 for
full box.

The way to have them on hand is to
get them right now.

A Box for $1.00 and they'll
DO THINGS.

W.

B. HOUSE, M. D.,DeTour,
Mich.

Good discounts on early orders. Complete stock of bee
Supplies. Lewis Company's Goods at Factory Prices.

The best Dovetailed Hive there is made. Send for Catalogue.
We are always in the market to buy hone^^ — submit price.
The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio,

Send for

1905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich

[Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet,

192 THli UEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

QUALITY.

NOT HOW CHEAP QUALITY RATHER

BUT HOW GOOD THAN QUANTITY

Our Customers Proclaim Their Satisfaction.

Flint, Mich., Apr. 17, '05.
Friend Putnam: —

Yours saying that you would eend the sections in a few days is here.
Thank you.

Ever since nailing up those hives, I have felt like writing and thanking you for the
excellent material and workmanship. The lumber is practically clear lumber, and the
workmanship simply perfect— everything smooth :ind accurate. If every shipment that
you send out is like this, you will eventually have more business than you can look
after Yours Truly,

\V. Z. HUTCHINSON.

Ttt) TH tlHTP Bee-Hives, Sections, Fences, Smokers, Foundation
yjr'^lKJ'^Unin Comb, Bee Veils, Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Stqiijlies, manufactured and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

My new FOREMAN in the bee-hive work has arrived. That he held various posi-
tions in the factorv of the A I. Root Co., for 9 years and now comes to me with Iheir
recommendations'should prove a sufficient guarantee of the work we are now ttirning out.

THE RURAL BEE KEEPER

Upon request I will mail at least one copy of my publication, the "Rural Bee
Keeper" to you, and will ask you to tell me what you think of it. I do not pretend to
know all about bees but I have made them a study for over 20 years, and the people who
write articles for my paper, are all practical men and women of long experience. We
can't tell you all -we know in one issue— or in one year. Perhaps the issue you will re-
ceive will not touch upon the subjects that interest you. But we have a question depart-
ment, and every month we answer such questions as our leaders ask us, and we try to
make each issue valuable on one or more topics. The April Number veill be of interest to
you, because it tells all about a movement on the part of organized Bee-Keepers to im-
prove the demand and the price obtainable for honey. We have been telling you how to
produce honey, now we are going to help vou get a fair price for your honey. During the
first year, our price for the "Rural Bee-keeper" was 50 cents p-r year. We enlarged
with Vol. 2, No. I, and will hereafter charge $1.00 per j'ear

CLUBBED WITH REVIEW— BOTH FOR $L50

Augusta, Wis., July 17, 1904.
W. H. Putnam,

River Falls, Wis.
Dear Sir: —

Enclosed please find money order for another year's subscription to your
splendid paper "The Rural Bee-Keeper:" I take several other bee papers but the "Rural
Bee-Keeper" is second to none. Every issue is improving, and the bee-keepers of Wi.s-
consin can feel justly proud of such an excellent paper. Every issue has beeti worth more
than a j-ear's subscription to me.

Wishing you the best of success with the "Rural Bee-Keeper" and don't forget to
put me dovs^n as a life long subscriber. Moping you will have a prosperous year I am.

Yours Truly,

E. H. HANSEtMAN.

=W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis.=ii

Honey Quotations

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North Araeiican Bte-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, anfl, so
far as possible, quotations are niade according to
these rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, det»ched at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"'
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

NEW YORK — The market is very quiet espe-
cially on comb honey; and cannot encourage
shipping at this time ^Ve quote as follows:
Fancy white 13c; No. i white 12c; fancy amber
lie; No. I amber, loc; fancy dark 9c: white, ex-
tracted 6^c; amber 5% to 6c; dark 5c; bees-
wax 29c to 30c.

HIi,DRETH & SEGEIvKEN,

82-86 Murray St,
March 31, 1905. New York.

CINCINNATI— There is only a fair demand for
honey at the present time. We quote amber
extracted in barrels at 4;V to 6c, according to
quality. White clover extracted at 6% to 8c. The
comb honey market is practically closed for the
summer. Beeswax is wanted at 29c

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
June 2-05 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

KANSvS CITY -The market is slow, with
very tittle demand. Trade is wailing for new
honey. We quote as follows: Fancy white $2.25
to J2 50 per case; No, i white, J2.25 per case;
fancy amber S2 75 to j2 00 per case; No. i amber
51.75 to 52,00 per case; white extracted, 4% to 6c;
amb^r 4}^ to 6c; beeswax 28c.

C C CI.KMO.\S &CO,,
June 6, 1905. Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO— At this writing trade on comb
horiey is very quiet and in onler to effect sales
it is necessary to make confessions in price.
There is a little more activity in extracted honeyj
but prices will have to l)e low in order to inter-
est buyers. We have effected sale of one straight
car ol extracted honey this month. Good de-
mand for beeswax at satifaciorj prices. We
quoiea-- follows; Fancy while, 12 10 I2}4c; No. i
white II to 12c, white, extracted 6 to 614c; amber
5 to 6c; beeswax 25 to 29c, depending on quality.
S. T, FIS.i &CO.,

189 '^outh Water St.
June 6, 1905. Chicago, III,

KANSAS CITV— The market is well cleaned
upon comb honey. Extracted in light demand.
Beeswax is in good demand. We quote as fol-
lows: Fan y white, loc; No. i while, 9c; white,
extracted 7c; beeswax 28 to 30c.

WALKER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Junes, 19 '5 4^3 Walnut St , Kansas City, Mo

TOIyEDO — The market on comb honey at this
writing is practically dead. No demand for
honey at this season of the year, as strawberries
have taken its place. However we report an
occasional sale at 12 and 14c. Beeswax is firm at
28 to 30c.

GRIGGS BROTHFRS,
June 5-'05 Toledo, Ohio,

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Fine, No ihern-bred; originated fioni best
long-tongued, "RED CI,,OVER" breeders in
United .States; work on red-clover; bred in full
colonies, for business, under swarming influence;
noted for their excellent honej- gathering, wint-
ering qualities, and gentleness.

Untested, $1.00; six, $5.00; Tested, I2.00; six,
$io,oo; Select Tested, $3 00; Extra Select Tested,
$4,50. After July ist. Untested, 75c; six, I4.00;
Tested, 5i 50; six, S8;oo. .Satisfaction guaranteed.

Write for full descriptive circular.

ISAAC F. MlhhMR,

5-05-3t R. F. D. No. 2. Brookville, Pa

BUFFALO — Our honey market remains very
quiet. Strictly fancy is selling moderately at 12
to 13c, while other grades are weak and dull, at
from 10 to 7c We notice no arrivals of new
honey as yet, nor is there any demand for it.
Very little busine.«s done here in extracted
honey.

BATTERSON&CO.,
June 3, 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

CHICAGO — The volume of sales are infinitesi-
mal; hence prices are not considered to be im-
portant at this season. Comb, bring 12 to I2'4c
per lb. for best grades, off lots 7 to loc; extracted
5 to 7c, according to what it is. Beeswax sells
upon arrival at 30c per lb

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
June 7, 1905. 199 So. Water St.

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 Page Catalogue describing-
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing- needed in the Apiary.

Special low prices on Brood Frames

and Shipping Cases Beeswax

wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.

2-'05-tf

2i i7/X/iJ£:fZS£S£L^

8^

Perfection in Extractors.

The long wished for practical, automatic extractor has at last
been found. The Root Automatic solves the question completelj'.
No complicated mechanism; it is simplicity itself. All orders for
4-frame Cowan or larger will be fitted with the Automatic device at
the old price. Our extractors now are practically all steel con-
struction. 4-frame or larger are fitted with ball bearings, which
are completely above'the honey. Cans are beautifully enameled and
lettered.

8j

PQ
PQ

m

Root's Automatic 8-frame Honey Extractor connected to run with a small
Gasoline Engine.

^ Where a large amount of extracted honey is produced a power
driven extractor will handle the crop much more economically than
b}' hand power. Labor for extracting is expensive. Our special
motor will run a Jumbo 250-pound, 8-frame, Automatic Extractor
all day, stopping and starting the reel at will, running at any speed,
with the consumption of onlj' three quarts of gasoline. This makes
the expense only one and one-half cents per hour. Prices and full
description of these machines will be sent on application.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

Pm
PQ

m

B &BBBBBBB«^^^aS^S€ B

July, 1905.

igan, $1.00 a Year

Bee- Keepers' Review National Bee-Keepers'

Association.

PUBI.ISHKD MONTHLY
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and PubUsher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice. Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 210

Terms— $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances— The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed-
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, July 15, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 limes,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( 100) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) i.35

American Bee Keeper ( .5°) 1-40

Rural Bee-Keeper ( 100) i-75

Western Bee Journal ( i-oo) 1.75

Ohio Farmer.... .. ( i-oo) '-VS

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .50) i-^o

Rural New Yorker ( 100) 1.85

The Century ( 40o^ 4-50

Michigan Farmer ( i-oo) 1.65

Prairie Farmer ( 100) 1-75

American Agriculturist ( 100) 1.75

Country Gentleman { 2-5o) 3- '5

Harper's Magazine ( 400) A-^^

Harper's Weekly ( 400) 4.20

Youths' Companion (new) — ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i-oo) 1.90

Success ( 100) 1-75

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. 111.

Vice President
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasurei

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn, Ont.
R. L,. Taylor, L,apeer, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM. A, Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
R. A. HoLEKAMP, St. I<ouis, Mo.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

1 Names of Bee-Keepers i

type: "writxen

The namesof my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ,
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but
I now havea type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark. ... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 378
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162
Dak.. .
Del.. .
Fla...,
Ga....

Ind 744

Ills.... 1375
Iowa . . 800

25
18

90

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon.. 109
Ohio... 130C

Penn 912

R. 1 46

S. C 40

Tenn 176

Tex 270

Utah 68

Vt 205

Va 182

W. Va....l78
Wash.... 122

Wis 620

Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

Ky

Kans..

La

Mo

Minn ..
Mich...
Mats...

Md

Maine
Miss.. . 70
N. Y... 1700

Neb 345

N. J 130

N. H. ...158

182
350
38
500
334
1770
275
94
270

THE SOLUTION OF THE

BEE LITERATURE

PROBLEM

Is never solved until it is
solved rig^ht, and it is never
solved until you are a sub-
scriber for the Western Bee
Journal. A new corps of
writers have been secured for
this paper, and what they
will write will be new to you.

Subscribe to-day — $1.00 a
year.

THE WESTERN BEE JOURNAIj

P. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor,

KINGSBURY, CALIFORNIA

QUEENS

We have secured the services
of one of the best Queen spe-
cialists in the U. S. Over
3() years experience raising'
Queens. Our yard is stocked
with select breeders from the
best yards in America, and
can send Queens by return
mail.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905.

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens 1.50

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Grig-g-s Block
TOLEDO, . . OHIO.

No Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thm base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarceiy
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

tJ. Vflfl DEUSEfl,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

Bee-I^eepers

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Fzilconcr A\f5. Co.,

Jamestovv^n, N. Y.

g^^Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every wav.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

194

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

You Can Save One=Fourth on Sections

By buying from us The quality of our Bee Sup-
plies is unchallenged. We use only the best materials
in the Manufacture of our supplies. The advantages
we have in location and the modern appliances for
manufacturing same enable us to pi oduce high-grade
supplies at nearly 25 per cent, less than competing
houses. We willgive you the benefit of this 25 per
cent. Don't take our word for it, but prove it by
sending us a trial order.

Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Careful attention giyen to instructions.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power BIdg. Minneapolis, Minn.

M

■am

^^■^
^-(^

The Wood Bee Hive

and Box Company,

Lansing, Mich.,

make the only lock- cor-
ner hive that stands the
sun and weather.

Examine the Cut;

See what the arrows point to.

Wax made into the finest foundation
for cash, or on shares. Yes, we have
those old, loag- tongues in our queens
yet, which means honey from red clo-
ver. Imported and home bred stock.
All kinds of supplies. Postal gets
circular. 6-05-tf

TAR HEEL BEAUTIES,

Finest honey gatherers out. After many years
of weeding out poor stock, and letainiiig those of
marked superiority, by actual test in ihe apiary;
I can now fill orders for fine Italian Queens, un-
tested at 75Cts.; tested, Ji.oo

5-05-3t

G. W. McGUIRE,

Dark Ridge, N. C.

YZ

THINK OF YELLOWZONES

WHEN
YOU SEE

THE
YELLOW

COVER

^mi

^m^i

Either Golden or Honey Queens after July 1.

Our Goldens will coine up with any
other Golden strain. Our Honey-
Queens are whit some breeders call
"Red Clover Queens."

1 6 12

Untestea 5-75 I 5oo $7.00

Tested (or warranted tested) 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeders 5.00

2 frame Nuclei (no queen) .. 200 11.00 2200

When Oueens are wanted with Nuclei
add price of any queen wanted. We
guarantee safe arrival of Queens and
Nuclei. Our breeders may be returned
after 30 days if satisfaction is not given.
Cash must come with all orders.

D. J. BLOCKER, = Pearl City, 111.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

195

Is the name under which Mr. Hutchin-
son, for five years, sold my strain of
bees, g'uaranteeing safe arrival, safe
introduction, purity of mating, and en-
tire satisfaction to the extent that the
queen could be returned any time with-
in two years, when the money would
be returned, together with 50 cts extra
to pay for the trouble. Although he
sold hundreds of queens each year, in
only two instances was he asked to
return the money, while there were
hundreds of letters from pleased pur-
chasers. Not more than half a dozen
queens were reported as impurely

mated, in all of those years, while the
losses in transportation and introduc-
tion were not serious; yet, on account
of those guarantees, Mr. Hutchinson
asked $1.50 for a queen. I can now
sell you queens that are exactly the
same, and guarantee safe arrival any-
where in the U. S., Canada, or Cuba,
at the following prices: Untested, 75c
each; six, $4.00; ldoz.,$7.50. Select
Untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; 1 doz.,
$9.00.

Send for a handsome circular that
gives the experience of well-known bee-
keepers with this stock.

J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Kentucky.

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending- your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1905
Catalogfue and Illustrated Price Dist — free for the askiner.

QUEENS! QUEENS!

Do you want good Queens? Send to me and
B;et one of my Adel Strain of Italians They will
do good work for you. Great hustlers for honey,
very gentle and practically non-stvarming. I
have reared and shipped more Queen Bees in the
last 40 years than any other dealer on earth. If
your Apiary is diseased with pickled brood, black
brood, or bee paralysis, I will present you with a
formula that will quickly cure it. Queens Ji.oo
.each.

HENRY ALLEY,

WENHAM, MASS.

HONEY QUEENS

I,AWS' ITAI^IAN and HOLY lyAND QUEENS.
Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with these lam catering to a satisfied trade.
Are you in it? Or are you interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The following prices
are as low as consistent with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, fS.oo; tested $1.00; per
dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either
race, $3.00 each .

W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex.

196

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

^g^mw^i

t^^m'^s.

WXWM%^M%^^^MlK&M%^m

a

mm^Ts fmpkmT

IT EXCELS.

We Guarantee Satisfaction.

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BEE=SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all times.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids,
Agents for Michigan.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

S'^fl!^"^

Q^mim.Qi

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER. GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Raturn M«ll. S«f« Arrival Guarantaad.

PR.IOB1S. ONC SIX

SaractUntaatad..........; ■•■■•■ l-gg |.00

S:T:c?T..tad . : . - . . . - 2.00 10 00

Salaet Braadars, aaeh • - • . - • ^ *2 nn

Two>frama Nuclaus and Rad Clovar Quaan ...... 3.00

TWCLVC

$7.50

9 00

15.00

18.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

^

ca

/

\)e (i)ee- \(^(;peps

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.

w, z. HUTiiBiNSiiN, wiiiir m PrnpriKidi

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, JULY 15, 1905. NO. 7.

A Trip t© OJiiio amid Do^y^im In

W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

ro,HE hentlquarters of the Hamilton
-^ Countj', Ohio, Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation is at Cincinnati. When they
held their May meeting at the Grand
Hotel, I was present as their invited
guest. Perhaps 40 members were pres-
ent, and most of them were amateurs.
While in the city I was the guest of
Mr. Fred W. Muth who is the President
of the Hamilton Co. Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, and manager of the Fred W.
Muth Co., dealers in bees, honey and
supplies. There are few persons, per-
haps none, vvho have done more than
Mr. Muth has in developing a wholesale
trade in extracted honey. The day
thatl was at his place of business, the
orders that came in, and the supplies
and number of barrels of honej' that
were shipped out, were more than suffi-
cient to convince one that this firm is
doing a most thriving business. Mr.
Muth is one of the kind of dealers that
we ought to encourage. He does not

handle honey on commission but buys
it out and out, paying spot cash — not in
30 days, or 90 days, but the very day
that the honey arrives a check goes out
in payment for it.

lalsocalleduponMf. C. H. W. Weber,
but, unfortunately', he was atone of his
out-apiaries, and previously arranged
engagements did not leave me time to
go out and see him. His son told me
that they were having a very good
trade in supplies and bees, and I was
very courteously shown the apiary on
the roof of the store where there were
some of the brightest colored Italians
that it has been my fortune to see.

The next day after my arrival, Mr.
Muth, Mr. J. C. Frohliger and m3'self,
took a trip of about 50 miles into old
Kentucky, and visited the queen rear-
ing apiary of a man that I have long
wished to meet — Mr. J. P. Moore, of
Morgan — the man who furnishes the
Superior Stock.

200

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

When we were present Mr. Moore
had 226 nuclei in operation, and he
has since written me that he now has
400. He has tried the "baby" nucleus
system, and is not very enthusiastic
over it. One objection being- the lia-
bility of the nuclei being robbed when
honey is scarce. The apiarist at Mr.
Weber's also made the same objection.
Mr. Moore also thinks that it is less
work to run a queen rearing establish-
ment, with permanent nuclei, after they
are once established. It requiresmore
bees, but Mr. Moore thinks the work is
much less. He considers the Langs-
troth hive rather large for nuclei,
and is trying a frame half the length
of the Langstroth, and a little shal-
lower. Four nuclei will be kept in
one hive.

A PHOTOGRAPHIC FAILURK.

He follows the same plan that I
did years ago, of having his nuclei up
on "stilts," or benches, so as to avoid
stooping in examining the nuclei. I
intended to give my readers a near-by
view of part of his apiary, but, for
once in my life, I "fell down" as a
photgrapher — it was a case of "forget-
ting." For a year or more I have been
using what are called orthochromatic
plates, those that are sensitive to other
colors than the violet rays, thus getting
truer color values in the photograph.
When I started on this trip I was
unable to get any plates of this kind,
and had to take the ordinary plates.
When all ready to make the exposure
I noticed the beautiful clouds in the
back ground, and thought I would put
on the ray filter, a colored glass that
strains out most of the violet rays, and
gives the other colors a chance, so to
speak, and thus get the clouds in the
picture. Even with an orthochromatic
plate, 15 times as long an exposure
must he given when the ray filter is
used, but, with an ordinary plate, 40
times as much must be given, as it
practically shuts out the violet rays,
which are the ones that do the work

with an ordinary plate. This point
had escaped my memory entirely, until
I came to developing the plates when I
found them hopelessly under timed. I
spent an hour and a half coaxing one
of them with a weak developer, but it
was of no use — it was not there. Mr.
Moore's apiary is spread out over con-
siderable ground, and some one sug-
gested that we go back on a hill and
get a bird's eye view of it. When we
reached the spot, I found that the ele-
vation was not quite what it ought to
be, so I climbed a tree, and with the
help of the others, pulled the camera
up after me. As I feared that I could
not hold the camera still long enough
to use the ray filter, I left it off, and,
thus, by accident, as it were, I got one
view of his establishment. The clouds
were printed in from one of the under
timed negatives — the exposure was long
enough for the clouds. When Mr.
Frohliger saw me "shinning" up that
tree, pulling the camera after me, he
said he was ready to believe all of
these stories about the enthusiasm of
amateur photographers.

INJURY TO TESTED QUEENS IN
SHIPMENT.

Among the things mentioned by Mr.
Moore, one worth repeating is the in-
jury that comes to tested queens from
shipping them, or, to be more exact,
perhaps, from checking their egg-lay-
ing so suddenly by taking them from
full colonies when they are at the
height of their egg-laying. He says
that a young queen, that has just com-
menced to lay, stands shipment much
better, and usually proves to be of
value as an egg-layer, after shipment,
while a tested queen often turns out
very poorly. He says that a tested
queen ought to be shipped in a full
colony, or, in a nucleus, to say the
least. I have noticed the same thing
myself. This year I have bought
several tested queens of various breed-
ers, and very few of them have turned
out well. One layed worker-eggs for

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

201

awhile, and then turned drone-layer.
Another layed a little while, and then
turned up missing-. None of them have
proved good, prolific layers. Young-
queens, of this year's rearing, sent as
soon as thej' had commenced laying-,
turned out all right. Still further, I
boug-ht nearly a dozen full colonies
having tested queens at least one year
old, and some are, probably, older,
and these queens, never having been
out of their hives, are splendid layers.
As Mr. Moore says, a choice tested
queen ought to be shipped in a full
colony or a nucleus.

INTRODUCTION OF QUEENS.

Another thing- that we talked about
was the introduction of queens. I was
quite enthusiastic over the tobacco
smoke method. Mr. Moore had tried
it, and it worked all right for awhile,
then he had some failures. At that
time I had had none, and I had been
introducing queens to full colonies of
hybrids at a time when no honey was

coming- in. The strange part of it is
that I had not one failure until the
honey flow came on with extreme heat,
when I lost two queens out of a dozen.
Another thing: there was a day or two
at this time, (it was when the season
opened up with a rush) that I could
scarcely open a hive without the bees
balling- their own queen. The season
opened so suddenly that it almost took
the bees "oflf their feet." They acted
almost as they do when robbing has
commenced. At present I am having
good success introducing- a queen to a
nucleus and then uniting the nucleus
with a full colony. Mr. Moore says
that he considers the plan of shaking
bees into a ventilated box, and leaving
them until they begin to "beg" for a
queen, then giving them one in a cage
from which they can liberate her by
eating out the candy, as practically an
infallible method. He says he would
not hesitate to introduce in this way a
queen that was worth $100.

Flint, Mich., June 22, 1905.

^=*-^':^==^^l

'.om" ©Ene mmain Caires for Tlbirteen
plairles in Miimiiesotao

M. V. FAGY.

I_TOW to handle bees in larg-e nur

n

hers, and in various yards, with

the least help and expense, and the
greatest profit, is a question which
has, during the last few years, forced
itself prominently into the foreground.

SOME things to AVOID.

Before answering the above, I wish
to admit that I do some things, mostly
as a result of the urgent entreaties of
friends, that I would not recommend
my readers to do; and the first of those
is that of allowing my apiaries to be-

come too great in number. Six hun-
dred colonies are about as many as I
have handled at one time, yet my yards
at times, have run up to about 13 in
number; or, at least, double the num-
ber they should be; and I have seldom
less than 10 under my control. These
3'ards are divided into main yards, and
those which I run to accommodate
others. The latter are small lots of
bees belonging to neighbors who may
happen to be on roads I travel over in
passing from one main yard to another,
and if I didn't handle the bees on

202

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

shares, the owners would call upon me
so frequently that it would amount to
the same thing, but with less pay. My
work is also slightly increased, be-
cause in the past I have bought and
sold bees; selling bees in uniform
hives, and buying in most any kind.
Thus, in the last eight years, I have
sold about a thousand dollars worth nf
bees, and have bought perhaps four
hundred dollars worth.

In selecting my 3'ards, I consider as
among the essential things, conven-
ience, place for wintering, location of
yard, pasturage, and whether yards
are so situated that I can reach each
one from the last yard with the least
possible delay in driving.

To begin, I will start with my first
work in the spring, and run through
the season in a general way until I
finally return them to the cellar again,
and forget that I have them until the
next spring.

AN IMPORTANT POINT IN SKTTING BKKS
OUT IN THE SPRING.

I am never in any hurr^' to put my
bees out in the spring; usually I wait
for the first flowers to appear before I
start. I commence with the larger
yards first, especially those so situated
as to get the most early bloom. In
carrying them out, I place the first col-
onies in as widely different parts of
the yard as possible, and graduallj^
fill in the vacant places. This I do
mostly in order that the bees of the
first hives may cool down after their
first mad rush of flight before their near
neighbors are placed on their stand
and take theirs. In this wa}' as the
bees take their first flight and return,
their own hive is the busy one, and
they seldom fail to enter it. After the
bees of a yard are all on their stands
I run over them to equalize their stores.
This will not take over half an hour
for a yard of 75 colonies or more; as
many hives need little or nothing done
to them. This constitutes all the work

at the first visit, so I oass on to the
next yard. In about six da3's my bees
are all out and all busy.

About two weeks after putting out
my first lot of bees I go over them again
to see if each colony has a laying
queen; and this time I expect to leave
each hive with plenl}' of stores to run it
through the uncertainties of spring.
If there is a shortage of hone3' in the
yard, I feed the bees sugar syrup made
by mixing the best granulated sugar
with an equal weight of water.

According to my experience, it is
doubtful economy to give bees syrup
from cheap sugars at any time of the
year, and poor honey is worse still. I
feed them what they need as rapidly
as possible.

After the bees ha>'e all passed their
examination and have all the stores
they need and are put in as good
shape as possible, I do very little to
them until it is necessary to put on
second stories. I have been, with
average hindrance from weather, four
or five days doing the above work.

SPREADING OF BROOD UNPROFITABLE.

I am ver3' careful, while doing this
work, to expose the brood as little as
possible and to leave the brood nest in
its natural condition. Spreading brootl
is alwas a dangerous operation in our
Northern climate with its continual
tendancies to cool spells and backsets,
until even late in the spring, and, be-
sides, where brood is spread so that
the bees can scarcely save it, the heat
ot the brood nest is so lowered as
greatly to retard the development of
the brood, so that, after all, the gain
is only apparent.

During the dandelion season I again
visit all my yards, and where ever I
find colonies becoming crowded with
bees I put on their second stories,
which means a hive similar to the one
they are in, and, of course, filled with
combs. This time I really would
have but little to do, as it is only a
short matter to place the second stories

THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW

203

on, were it not that I do whatever
work is possible to lig-hten the work of
the busier season that is to follow,
hence, I put in about a week in the
round. From this time on, I aim to
keep thoroujjfhly in touch with my bees.
Before the clover yield comes on, I
make my round about every nine days,
althoug-h, sometimes, I mav be ten,
and it takes me about three days to the
round. To do this veiy little time is
wasted upon one colonj^ Weijifhts
on covers, shade-boards, or anything
necessitating- extra work, is strictly
avoided. I pass along the row of
hives, generally commencing with the
front row, glance at the conduct of the
bees in their flight, then raise tlie cover
and take a look, and, as a rule, I
know exactly the condition and require-
ments of that colony without lifting a
frame. In some cases they will need a
second story of combs, others a third;
or, possibly, they might be queenless,
and, in case their actions indicate such
a condition, I glance at their brood
nest; and, if I find it to be the case, I
either set them over another colony or
set a weak colony over them. I have
good success either way. In the above
work, and in all following work, I
handle frames as little as possible.

EXTRACTING BKFORli THE FLOW FROM
CLOVER.

As soon as clover begins to yield, I
extract all the honey from the hives,
taking the yards in their order. In
this extracting I throw out all the
honey in the hive which may be ready,
both above and below. In doing this
I can, with two helpers, take the honey
from 75 colonies, can it, and take it
home in a day, and 1 have a nice choice
clover honey for my next extracting —
not light amber as you too often see
clover honey, but almost water white.

AN EXTRACTING TEAM AND OUTFIT.

Up to this time I have done all the
work alone, but now that the real
jheavy work comes on in taking and

handling the honey, I have three men
to the team, and, if the rush is heavy,
tvvo teams at work. As I have these
men only in the actual rush of extract-
ing, they are hired by the day. The
outfit going with each team is extractor,
two smokers, two honey knives, an un-
capping can, a strainer can with dairy
cloth for strainers, one two-horse
wagon, a single buggy and plenty of
empty cans, and here I would empha-
size plenty of cans, as I have repeatedly
had to send for more cans for the day's
work.

As we arrive at the yard, each man
has his place, and in ten minutesevery-
thing should be in full swing in the ex-
tracting house; and, in IS or 20 minutes
after we are through extracting, my
honey and outfit are loaded up and we
are started for the next yard. As we
quite often cannot take all the honey
home with ns, we have to store the
balance with the occupants of the
farm.

NO USE FOR OUERN EXCLUDERS.

As I use no queen excluders, the
queen uses the second story to some
extent, and often the third story. This
is no detriment, as I extract those
combs just as though there was no
brood there, and that without any
damage to brood. The use of queen
excluders largely increases the ten-
dancy to swarm. I extract from each
yard in rotation, as often as they are
ready, which is usually every 8 to 10
days in a good clover or basswood
flow.

MAKING INCREASE.

As the honey season advances, the
hives (mine are a little larger in capac-
ity than a 10-frame Langstroth),
though three stories high, become over-
crowded with bees. I then take the
story in which I find the queen, with
the queen, and place it on the old
stand, removing the other two stories
with their bees to a new stand. All
the field bees go back to the hive on

204

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

the old stand, over which I have placed
a couple hives with sheets of founda-
tion, or frames of empty combs, and
the way they pile in the honey just
does one good to see. I have always
swarmed my bees artificially; the full
time taken up for each swarm being^
about five minutes. While I {Generally
follow a particular system, I do nut
always; but rather adapt the system
to the conditions. In this way I may
use half a dozen different ways in one
day.

THE HIRED HELP PROBLEM.

I usually hire one man, whom I pre-
fer to be at least 18 years old, for two
and a half months in the summer, but
I do not take him with me, except in
the extracting- season. I have addi-
tional help, by the day, only when the
rush is the greatest, entailing a total
wage bill charged against the bees
each year (outside of my own labor)
of about $70. I usually secure the
same helpers year after year, as it
takes a season or two for a green hand
to become skilled in the work. This is
especially so in the use of the honey
knife, where a practiced hand will do
nearly twice as much as a green one.

In the extracting house everything is
so placed as to prevent any false un-
necessary motion. My strainer can
holds 15 gallons, and the strainer, cov-
ering the full top of it, accommodates
something over three gallons and is
used until it begins to clog. I find it
needs a strainer of at least this size to
strain the honey as fast as extracted.

The honey is run from the strainer
can, from a large faucet, directly into
the cans in which the honey is
marketed.

PREPARATIONS FOR WINTER.

After the surplus season is over I
have very little to do until the first
heavy frost in September, when I go
over my bees and crowd them back into
one hive body. Often the hive will not
hold them at first, but as the weather

cools, they gradually manage to get
inside. At this time of the year I find
that the queen has often established
herself in the second story, in which,
also, is the principal store of honey,
The bulk of the bee bread is generally
in the lower hive; therefore, as I reject
all the pollen possible for my winter
C'llony, I select the second stor3' in
which to winter the bees and into this
I shake all the bees from the other
stories.

WHOLESALE CLEANING UP OK PARTLY
FILLED COMBS.

I thus go over my entire yard, and
then put out the empty bodies to be
cleaned of their honey by the bees. If
you have never tried this, you will, at
first, begin to think you are in for a
spell of robbing; however, before you
have got through with your yard, you
will feel at ease, for the bees soon quiet
down to such an extent that they often
take two or three days to finish up any
patches of capped honey. It should be
understood that I place out to be
cleaned by the bees onlj^ such combs as
may be unprofitable to handle in any
other way; and, by giving them all the
work to do at once, they make a clean
job of it without damaging the combs.
After reducing all the colonies to one
body each, I ascertain their amount of
stores by passing along and simply
lifting each hive, then marking upon
the back of it the amount it should be
fed. In estimating this amount we
must give the bees the benefit of any
doubt as to quantity; and, after that, if
we estimate that a hive needs 10 pounds
of feed, we should place it at IS
pounds. As soon as I have gone over
them in this way, I feed them, giving
each hive all it needs at a single feed-
ing. If a hive has to be fed all its
stores, I feed in two operations.

In feeding my bees in this way for
winter I take granulated cane sugar, in
100 pound sacks, to the yards, and
mix in a barrel in the extracting house,

THE BEE-IfEEPERS' REVIEW

205

iisini:;- 200 pounds of sug-ar and 14 g-al-
lons of water to a mixinpr. After stir-
ring- this well for about 10 minutes, I
run out into pails, and feed it, using
old comb, dry ji^rass, or excelsior, as
floats. For quick work I think ex-
celsior is best Towards evenin<,s
after removint,'- the upper stories from
the bees, I pack away all the combs
which are already cleared of their
honey, and leave the remainder so they
will be protected from the weather, yet
open to the bees.

I have no trouble in feeding- up my
bees and puttini,^ them in condition for
winter, and also attending- to my ship-
ping- trade, myself, without any out-
side help. I have shipping- boxes made
to run through this period, in the slack
times of Aug-ust, before my hired
man leaves, which is at the close of
August.

I commence putting- my bees in their
winter quarters towards the end of
November.

Prkston, Minn., Feb. 2.S, '05.

)mll(

.flimg, mp

oiioiiiiiej

?e^ Him Cunlbsic

G. E. WOODWARD.

IN the last four years I have estab-
i lished over twenty apiaries, vary-
ing in numbers from 200 to 525 colonies.

My home-apiary, that Mr. A. I. Root
wrote up in Gleanings for 1903, page
294, cost $333.34. This included a
honey house. I built this apiary up
from 200, three-frame nuclei. The
first year I took 34 barrels of honey,
averaging about 100 gallons each.
The second year I increased from 200
swarms to 370, sold $250 worth of
3-frame nuclei, and took 44 barrels of
honey. I^ast year was the poorest
season in 30 years, and the apiary did
not come up to where it should.

My combs are all built from full
sheets of foundation, the frames are all
wired, and the hives all factory-made,
10-frame dove tailed hives, well painted
with the best white zinc.

THE DANGRK OF OVERSTOCKING GIVEN
TOO MUCH WEIGHT.

I established out-apiaries about four
to six miles apart. I wish to digress

here just a little: There are many bee-
keepers who go "up in the air" the
moment some one says a word about
keeping 300 or 400 colonies of bees at
one place, so please permit me to say
here that there is always more honey
goes back into the earth than there is
taken by the bees. So many think,
whenever they fail to get a good crop
of honey, that their location is over-
stocked, when the facts of the case are
they did not have the proper strength
of colonies, or else the honey was not
in the field to get.

With 300 colonies in the home-apiary,
the bee-keeper can easil^^ start 200
three frame nuclei, and, from these,
build an out-apiary up in fine shape
for the coming- season.

By all means secure just as good a
queen as money will purchase; then
rear your own queens. All success in
bee culture centers at this one point.
Always keep your eye open to the im-
provement of your bees. Do not breed

306

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

simply for color. I once bred my bees
down so fine that the drones were
blind and white-eyed.

SELECTING LOCATIONS FOR OUT-
APIARIES.

An inexperienced man is not capable
of selecting- a g-ood honey location; it
requires an old experienced hand to
select a g-ood honey ranch. The man
who knows his business will be riding
along- the road, when, all at once, he
will say: "There is a fine location for
an ont-apiary. " Why didn't you see
see it just as well as he did ? Because
you were not in the location business.
The ver}' moment the old bee-keeper's
eyes fell on that location, ever fiber in
his being- told him that there was the
spot for an apiary. So, I would advise
the beg-inner to go to some good bee-
keeper and get his judgment on this
subject.

After you have your location selected,
go to the land owner and make the
best arrangements with hiin that you
can; after which live strictly up to
them. I would advise you to make
cash arrangements with him; do not
be afraid to give him a little honey
once in awhile. Do not rent for less
than five years at a time, for you will
find it quite expensive to move your
apiary every year or two. Get close to
good water, and just as tiear j'our
shipping point as your location will
permit.

HIVE-MAKING.

If you are a good up-to-date carpen-
ter, and live close to hive lumber, then
I say, by all means, make your own
hives, but you must do your work very
nice and accurate. Everything must
fit just right, or you will be the loser.
The best of white pine should be used
for all outside work, and it must be
well painted. I made a complete, true
form, and every hive, frame and sec-
tion goes into that form, and is nailed
there, and when it comes out 1 know it
is just right. One thing more on the

hive question: Be sure, whatever you
make or buy that you have the
standard.

COMB HONEY PRODUCTION.

A great many produce extracted
honey because they do not understand
comb-honey production; and then there
are others who would not be successful
in comb-honey production because they
are not neat enough; their sections
would be stained, not well scraped,
and the honey not rightly and properly
graded. Their shipping cases would
be in bad condition; their comb built
sidewise, and then they wonder why
they do not get just the same as the
other fellow who puts his product on
the market in fine, faultless shape. I
have seen comb honey put on the market
in all kinds of shape, and I often
wonder how the owner came to dispose
of it a at any price. Never buy an off-
grade of sections, just because they are
offered to you cheap. In the long run,
the best is the cheapest. I have never
yet seen a one-piece section that I con-
sidered worth putting the foundation
into. The four-piece section, made
from white poplar, is the only first-
class section on the market. If you use
the one-piece section, it should be put
into a form, and one nail put in the
center of the dove tail; this is necessary
to have the section true. It is best to
use full sheets of foundation first, last
and at all times. It is much harder
work for one to harvest a crop of ex-
tracted honey than it is to produce
comb honey; and if one is in a good
location, comb honey will paj' best.

HOW TO PRODUCE EXrRACTKD HONEY.

If you wish to produce extracted
honey you should build your honey
house bee-proof. A house for extract-
ing, that will let the bees through any
where, is a most undesirable place for''
the operator to work in. Have plentyj
of light — this is very important, Dc
not put up with anything less than aj
good 4-frame extractor. A 6-frame isl

I>

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

207

much better. M3^ extractor is an
8-frarne, and when I g-et another it will
be a 10-frarne. The larg^er the ex-
tractor the less brood it will throw out.
It is the little honey extractor that
wastes the brood. Next, g^et a honey
cait to cart yourIione3' from the apiary
to the honey house. It should have
spring-s, and the comb boxes should be
made with a tin bottom to catch the
drip. Your storing tank should hold
2,000 gallons, and have a large honey
gate from which to fill the honey bar-
rels. The tank should sit on the floor,
and the barrels filled from the outside
of the honey house.

Your uncapping box should be made
of good white pine, put together with
white lead, and well prafHned. It
should have a wire strainer within six
inches of the bottom, which should be
made on a slant so the honey can be
readily drained out. Each out-apiary
should have a good up-to-date set of
tools to work with. When I sa\^ the
best, up-to-date tools, I mean extract-
ors, smokers, knives, etc ; and please
permit me to state rig-ht here that the
most important and money saving part
of all this great work is to buj' two
good foundation mills and make your
< ivn foundation. I make all of mj'
foundation, and I find it one of the
greatest saving points in managing
large out-apiaries.

I read in the bee journanls, ever}'
now and then, where some writers
claim that thej' have a non-swarming
strain of bees. This, I claim to be
utterly false When you breed out
natural swarming, you have bred out
all success in bee-culture. Nature
knows more than we ever did; and
God saw fit to multiply and replenish
the earth by Nature's wa\'s.

From my experience in building up
4,000 colonies of bees I find it more

satisfactory to have one, good, ex-
perienced man in each apiary; then if
anything happens there is some one
present that knows just what to do,
and how to do it. It will pay the
owner of large out-apiaries to pay
cash for labor; but the proprietor
should know every little detail in the
bee business; in fact, he must have
practical knowledge. If you are to
follow the system here laid down, you
must absolutely understand the details
and manipulation of the apiary. Man
advances just in proportion as he
mingles his thoughts with his labors.

DAMPNESS THE GREAT ENEMY IN
WINTERING

Dampness in winter is the bee-killer.
It is not the cold weather that kills the
bees. 1 advise the bee-keeper to use
ch a If hives. I prefer forest leaves for
the sides and ends, plenty of paper on
top of the brood chamber, and plenty
of g-ood stores, with the back end of
the hive two inches higher than the
front end, and then let them remain on
their summer stands. I will warrant
the sale wintering of good stocks every
time.

With all of my experience in bee-
keeping. I have found foul brood the
greatest plague, I have often thought
if I could just have all the bees, hives,
honey and wax that have been con-
signed to the flames, I would not need
any more to last me through life. To
cure this disease, simplj' throw the
swarm upon full sheets of foundation;
but all diseased swarms should be
treated at the same time. Do not trust
to chemicals to destroy the spores of
foul brood; the drugs are not powerful
enough.

Ma-panzas, Cuba, Dec. 12, 2904.

208

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Ox O Tl

DtoirnaU ^ i

S

Producing both comb and extracted
honey in the same su^er, a la '^fown-
send, is pronounced old by the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper, and Mr. J. A. Green,
of Colorado, tells the readers of Glean-
ing-s that he tried it and did not
like it very well. He says the g^reatest
difficulty was in keeping the sections
and separators tig-ht tog'ether in the
middle of the super. Like many other
plans, this seems to be one that must
be tried to know whether it is adapted
to the needs and circumstances of any
particular case.

The Eastern races of bees do not unite
well, sa^'s, J. A. Green in Gleaning^s.
I have never had much experience in
uniting any varietj' of bees except
Italians, and I have never had any
trouble with them. I have made per-
haps 60 or 70 colonies this summer by
simply taking from two to four combs
of bees from one colony, then the same
from another, and so on, until I had
enough to fill a hive, putting theiri
right in together, indiscriminately, and
have not a particle of quarreling. The
empty places in the hives from which
the combs of bees are removed are filled
with sheets of wired foundation, and a
laying queen is given to the colony
that has been made up. In that way
I have increased 20 colonies to 97, so
far this season.

Foul Brood is so often introduced into
an apiary b3' feeding the bees honey
from some unknown source, that I wish
to second most emphatically the advice
of Gleanings not to use hone}' for feed-
ing bees unless it has been thoroughly
boiled. There is also another point
that I seldom see mentioned in the
journals, and that is that it won't an-
swer to boil honey full thickness. It

The air is full of honeyed sounds. The bee.

Within the waxen lily's honeyed cells,
In monotone of mellow measures tells

Its yet unsated joyance; drowsily
The swallows spill their liquid melody

As down the sky they drop, and faintly swells
The tremulous tinkle of the far sheep bells.

While wind-haps sigh in every crowned tree.

Beneath the beechen shade the reapers lie.
Upon their lips a merry harvest tune;

Knee-deep wiihin a neighboring stream thekine
Stand blinking idly in the clear sunshine,

And like a dream of olden Arcady
Seems the sweet langor of the summer noon.
— Clinton Scollard.

Shipping Cases for comb honey ought
to be a little deeper than the height of
the sections, when they are piled up a
dozen or more high, then the weight of
nearly the whole pile will not rest upon
the honey in the lowest case, which in
some cases, causes a leak. Mr. Irving
Kinyon writes me that he got this hint
from Mr. P. H. Elwood.

The Texas State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold its next meeting at
College Station, with the Farmers'
Congress, July 25th and 27th.

These annual meetings are ustxally
largely attended and are pleasant and
profitable occasions.

Visiting bee-keepers from other
States are cordiallj' invited to be
with us.

W. H. Laws, President,

Louis SCHOLL, Sec. -Treasurer.

Mr. J. F. Mclntyre, of California, writes
that the out-apiaries are saving the
battle for him this year. They will
furnish him about 40 tons of honey,
while the home-apiary, at Sespe, with
the same number of colonies, will fur-
nish only about half as much, owing
to the foggy weather near the coast.
Sixty tons of honey seems like quite a
crop to us Easterners.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

209

must be diluted with water, using" at
least as much water as honey. As a
rule, sugiir is a much cheaper food for
bees than is the case with honey, and
there is no dang-er of its use contamin-
ating- the apiary with disease, while it
is a much safer food for winter stores.
When I find foul brood in a neig-hbor-
hood, and spend a lot of time tracing-
it to its source, I think it is half of the
time that I find it orig-inated from some
bee-keeper feedings honej' that had
come from a distance.

»^-»^'»^'»^«

"How to Keep Bees" is the title of a
delig-htfully written book by Anna B.
Comstock, and published by Double-
day, Pag-e and Company, the publish-
ers of Country Life in America, which
is a sufficient guarantee of its typo-
graphical beauty. The illustrations
are beautiful, and the style simple and
direct, but there is an indefinable
something- about it that makes a veteran
bee-keeper feel that the writer has had
a more intimate acquaintance with the
pen than with the bee smoker. The
book is intended for beg-inners, and it
seems as though it would answer the
purpose in an excellent manner. The
price of the book is $1.00, and it can
be obtained of the publishers. Double-
day, Pag-e t'<: Co., New York, or the
orders can be sent to the Review office.
The Review and the book one year for
only $1.75.

*^fc^ta^^^rf*«-\

Has Each Colony of Bees a Characteristic
Odor?

Perhaps one of the hoary headed
errors that bee-keepers have been
taug-ht for years, is that bees recog-nize
their fellows by some characteristic
odor. The American Bee-Keeper bring-s
up this question, and cites an example
of the bees of a g-olden Italian colony
being- more or less mixed with other
colonies, and bees from other colonies
being mixed with the bees of the golden
colony, all with apparent harmony.
No dead g-oldens wore found in front of

other colonies. As a rule, I believe
that a bee coming- in loaded with honey
will be admitted to any colony. Just
how bees recog-nize each other is diffi-
cult to decide. When a robber tries to
enter a colony, it is almost certainly
collared and led out. Perhaps odor
plays no part. It may be that it is the
actions that g-ive it aw;iy. Here is a
point: In making- up colonies I usually
take combs, with the adhering- bees,
from about three different colonies, put
them all tog-ether in a new hive, and
g:ive them a queen. Such colonies de-
fend themselves ag-ainst intruders from
the very first. It would seem as though
the different "scents" wouldbesobadl3'
mixed up as to be of Uttle value.

But there is some way in which bees
recognize one another, at least, there
are times when they do. A small
swarm of Italians once tried to join a
colonj-^ of hybrids in my apiary, when
the hybrids turned in and killed every
last one of the Italians. Ouerj', how
did they recog-nize them ? Was it their
color ? Or had they been away from
the hiv.e so long- that their sacs were
empty ?

We have been told for j^ears to cage
a queen for several hours, or days, in
the colon}' to which we wish to intro-
duce her, and the reason given is that
the queen may acquire the same scent
as the colonj'. It would seem that
there is some odor about a queen, as, if
a cage is left in the open air, after it
has contained a laying- queen for some
length of time, flying- bees will gather
about and cluster upon it, the same as
they will upon a queen, but whether
this odor is different in dift'erent col-
onies, or with different queens, is an
open question.

»^<*««^^»

A Model Apiarian Premium List — That of
Colorado.
I don't know as I have ever published
in the Review an apiarian premium
list, but that of Colorado is so good
that I must print it as a mode). It is

210

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

evident that some vital points were
kept in view in its preparation, such,
for instance, as that of securing- a
beautiful exhibit that would be of in-
terest to the general public; demon-
strating- to the people the magnitude of
the honey industry of the State; also
illustrating- the various uses to which
honey and beeswax may be put. The
difficulty, dang-er and expense of get-
ting- the different exhibits to the fair,
was also considered. For instance,
bees and queens are given a higher
proportionate premium, and comb
honey is g^iven a higher premium than
that given to extracted. Here is the
list complete.

Italian Bees and Queen in Single-
Comb Observatory Hives, $8.00, $5.00,
$3 00

Carniolan Bees and Queen in Single-
Comb Observatory Hives, $8.00, $5.00,
$3 00.

Caucasian Bees and Queen in Single-
Comb Observatory Hives, $8.00, $5 00
$3.00.

Largest and best display of Bees of
various races in Observatory Hives,
$10.00, $u.OO, $4.00.

Largest display of Queens of varioiis
races in Mailing- Cages, 5.00, $3,00,
$2.00.

Best Case White Comb Honey, $3.00,
12.00, $1.00.

Best Case of Lig-ht Amber Comb
Honey, $2.50. $1.50. $1.00.

Best and largest display of Comb
Honey, $10.00, $6.00, $4.00.

Best display of Special Designs.
$3 00, $2.00, $1.00.

Best Dozen Jars of White Extracted
Honey, $2.50, $1.50, $1.00.

Best Dozen Jars of Light Amber Ex-
tracted Honey, $2.00, $1.00, .50c.

Best and Largest display of Extract-
ed Honey, $8 00. $5.00, $3 00.

Best d"isplay of Extracted Honey in
Granulated Form, «3.00, $2.00, $1.00.

Best 10 lbs. Yellow Beeswax, $2.00,
$1.00, 50c.

Best and Largest display of Beeswax,
$5.00, $3.00, $2.00.

Best display Special Designs in
Beeswax, $3.00, $2.00, $1.00.

Best display of Honev Producing-
Plants, Mounted, $3.00, $2.00, $1.00.

Best display of Fruits Preserved in
Honey, $3.00, $2.00, $1.00.

Most Instructive display of Apiarian
Products and of the various uses made

of Honey and Beeswax, $20.00, $10.00,
$5.0.).

The Colorado fair will be held in
Pueblo, Sept ll-l5th and the apiarian
department will be in charg-e of our
genial friend Frank Rauchfuss of
Denner. He will have an able assist-
ant in the person of Mr. J. A. Green,
of Grand Junction.

•»^.»»»-»»^»^»

Criticisms on the Comb Honey Plan I
Published Last Month.
Last month I briefly outlined the
plan that I had long- followed in the
production of comb honey. I then
asked for criticisms. The first letter
on the subject is. from my old friend
Harry Lathrop, of Wisconsin, and it
reads as follows:

Bkidgkport, Wis , June 26, 1905.

Friend H. —

You ask your readers to criticise
your plan of comb honey production
given on page 178 From mv point of
view, there is not much to be said in
criticism. I would only say that I
don't like the idea of contracting the
full-depth brood chamber in which the
swarm is hivcd. One rea.Son why I
alopted the eight-frame hive is, that it
can be used at all times and for all
purposes without contracting. Con-
tracting requires more fixings and
additional handling; and, furthermore,
bees, for me, do not do good work in
sections over dummies. I would rather
contract the comb honey super, than the
brood chamber that is under it. And if
an eight-frame comb honey super is
worked on a ten-frame brood chamber,
no extracting combs would be needed
in the comb honey department. Still,
1 think that the "plan of using a nice
white extracting comb in the sides of
the comb honey super is a splendid
idea. My method of contracting was
to hive on a seven-inch brood chamber,
and let the bees build their combs from
starters. They build mostly worker
comb, and these combs were used, after
the first year, for extracting combs.

In hiving on full-depth frames I
always had the best success by using
full .sheets of comb foundation.

I used a combination of the Heddon-
and shook-svvarming plans when work-
ing for comb honey, and one of the best
kinks of all was that of feeding the
working stock with young bees from

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

211

the hatchinj,^ brood as soon as any
slackening' is noticed in the work.

Hakky Lathrop.

I am well-aware that an eig^ht-frame
Langstroth hive can be used for hiving
swarms when working for comb
honej% and quite satisfactory results
secured without any contraction of the
brood nest, but the white honej' that
would go into the two or three outside
combs goes into the sections when the
space that they would occupy' is filled
with "dummies." Bees may not do
quite as well over "dummies" as over
brood-combs, but there will be more
honej' go into the sections whendummies
are used, then if the swarm is given the
whole space of eight combs. There will
be more brood and honey in the brood
nest if no dummies are used, and little,
if any, feeding- or preparation will be
needed for winter, while the use of
only five Langstroth combs in the brood
nest will necessitate feeding, or the
uniting of colonies, unless there is a
fall flow. As Mr. Lathrop says, con-
tracting an eight-frame hive, brings in
"lixing-s, " and takes time; and the
bee-keeper must consider all of these
things in making a decision.

I would never think of contracting a
super instead of the brood nest. Con-
traction is practiced to force the white
hone3' into the supers, and, to contract
the super, and leave the brood-nest full-
size, would be a step in the wrong
direction, as I look at the matter.

Another g-ood letter on this subject
comes from that old veteran, F.
Greiner, of N. Y. Here it is:

Naples, N. Y., June 25, 1905.

Mr. Editor Review: — The system of
comb-honey production, as spoken of
in your last editorials, is all right.
You had a good honej' location, or your
colonies would not have stored three
supers full of section-honey. In many
other localities two supers would be
all that could be depended upon, at
the most, from clover and basswood.
The hiving or shaking- of swarms, giv-
ing them a ver3' much contracted brood-
chamber, will frequently produce
swarming-out, no matter whether the

hive is filled with combs, foundation,
or only frames with starters. The
safer way is to give a large brood-
chamber and contract after four or five
days.

The uniting of the shaken and new
swarms at the end of the season is not
necessary in a location with a fall fiovv,
unless we wish to obtain a good sur-
plus from this. If we desire to in-
crease, it will be just as well to give
each colony the full number of combs
at the end of the white honey harvest.
Thus we will have good heavy swarms
in every hive by winter. If more in-
crease is desired, all mother-colonies
may be divided at or about the time
the young queens are emerging. IDach
half is given combs to fill their hives.
I have often treated my late swarmers
this way, in times gone by, and had
g-ood colonies to go into winter.

F. Gkeiner.

Of course, there were many points
that I did not touch upon in the outline
that I g-ave, and the trouble that may
arise from swarms swarming-out is one
of them. I soon learned that if I
wished no trouble from this source, I
must give a full-sized brood nest for
three or four da3's, until the fever had
worn off and the bees had settled
down to business, when the contrac-
tion might be made as severe as was
desired.

«'«rf«^^^.'UW*»

hilroducing Queens With Tobacco Smoke.

Mr. W. G. Secor, of Greenfield, 111.,
writes as follov^'s:

"On page 175 of June Review 3^ou tell
of your success in introducing- queens
with tobacco smoke. I wish that 3-ou
had told all about it. You say 'in the
spring,' was it during fruit bloom?
Or was it when no honey was coming
in ? You sa3' the work was done at
dusk; I would like to know when 3'ou
made the colony queenless; was it that
same afternoon ? I would like to in-
troduce a dozen or more in September,
but I have spent more than $50 for dol-
lar queens, and lost lots of them in
trying to introduce them, and it takes
the sand out of a fellow After making
the colon3' queenless, would vou run
in the queen w'th the escort, or just
the queen alone ? Do you think that
the work can be done in the fall as well
as in the spring ?"

212

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

I introduced some queens before
fruit bloom, some during^ the time that
fruit trees were in bloom, anO some
after that season had passed, and be-
fore clover had commenced. I have
also been introducing them since the
advent of the clover harvest. In short,
not a week has passed, since it was
warm enoug'h to handle bees, when I
have not introduced queens. I have
often caught the old queen and rt-moved
her at noon, caged the new queen in
the hive until dusk, then released her.
When no honey was coming- in, I have
usually fed the colony to which I was
introducing the queen, but I have not
always done this. I never attempt to
introduce a queen with her escort of
bees. I think it easier to introduce
a queen without having an}' bees with
her, but an important reason why I
destroy the escort and the accompany-
ing cage, is to be certain that no foul
brood gets into the apiary from this
source. A queen alone does not com-
municate foul brood. When a queen
comes, I open the cage before a win-
dow, let out the occupants, catch the
queen and put her into a wire cloth,
cylindrical cage, and consign the mail-
ing cage and the bees to the flames. I
get my queens, when I get them awaj'
from home, from men who would not
knowingly send out queens from an
infected aviiary; at least, that is my
opinion of them, but, all the same, I
consider m}' practice a safe one to
follow.

I know of no reason why queens can
not be as easily introduced in the fall
as in the spring, unless it might be
that the colonies are stronger in the
fall, and it is more difficult to intro-
duce a queen to a populous colony than
to a weak one. If I should find much
difficulty in introducing queens to full
colonies, I would start a two-frame
nucleus from the colony, and first in-
troduce the queen to this, then unite
the nucleus with the full colony'. I
never have lost a queen by this method.

A weak nucleus of j'oung bees will
almost certainly accept a queen, and a
laying queen surrounded by her own
bees is almost as certain to be accept-
ed by a queenless colon}'.

^n^'.MMM^'mff

A Red Hot Letter Upon Some Burning
Questions of the Day.

A short time ago I received a private
letter from a subscriber in a Western
State, and it contained so many sharp
and pithy points that I would like to
have my readers see it. As it is a
private letter, and I have no permission
to publish it, I do not feel at liberty to
give the name of the writer. I have
neither space, nor inclination, to night,
to comment upon it (I have been work-
ing hard all day in tlie apiarj', and I
am tired) but, after reading it, if any
of my readers feel like answering some
of the questions asked, the columns of
the Review will be open. Here is the
main part of the letter: —
W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mich.

Dear Sir: — I am minded this morn-
ing, having a little leisure, to write
3'ou a few lines. (?)

I just read 3'esterda\', your article in
Wallaces' P^armer, vvitii the views of
which I quite agree. (The article told
how to secure the best bees. — Ed.
Rkvirw. )

But, it is not of that subject I wish
to speak; the knowledge of bees and
honey production is spreading- taster,
in my estimation, than is the consump-
tion of honey. For instance, two years
ago I produced about 10,000 lbs. honey,
and sold all at a fair price and could
have sold more; last year I had only
about one-half as much, yet didn't get
as much per lb., while I did a great
deal more peddling, and still have a
little left over.

I remember, a few 3'ears ago, it was
the exception for the farmer, witli his
few hives, to get any honey; while now
farmers are reporting more honey per
colony than I can average. (Perhaps
yonr location is overstocked more than
theirs. — Ed. Rkvirw.) And, as you
aptly stated some time ag^o in the Re-
view, it is like competition with a
bankrupt man to compete with the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

213

farmers' prices for honey. I am vvrit-
ini,"- from experience; I ktiow whereof I
speak wlien I say that the g-eneral run
of farmers who keep a few hives will,
and do, sell, and, expect to sell, lower
than the rej^ular hee-l<eeper who makes
a business of bees There are reasons
why they must, or think they must, but
I will not take the space to enumerate
them here.

There is perhaps no other business
than bee-keepinj,% in which those en-
gaged therein try to induce direct com-
petition. In real bee-keeping-, for the
production of honey, there is probably
not much of this, but, unfortunately,
the supply men, or some of them, and
the bee journal publishers, think it to
their interest to boom the business to
outsiders on all possible occasions.

I wrote a few articles for Wallaces';
they are fine people to deal with, but,
as I said above, I saw that the farmer
w(uild take in the information, but
when it comes to putting up his honey
indecent shape, and holding it for a
fair price, or rustling- up new custom-
ers for it, he simply 7von''t — he isn't
fixed to do it, and hasn't time.

Did you notice, P>dwin Bevin's arti-
cle in last American Bee Journal ?
That is the fix a great many bee-keep-
ers find themselves in, I am afraid.
And your Hone}' Producers' League,
that he proposes joining, will not solve
the problem. There is a vast differ-
erence between the production of a
cheap article, like glucose, and
tlirough advertising and fancy pack-
ages, selling the same for the price, or
near the price, of a superior and costly
article, thus g^etting a large profit to
cover said advertising, etc., and the
production of a costly article like
honey, in which there is no large mar-
frin to cover such expenses. And, be-
sides, and this is t\-\Q great difference,
the manufacturer of the corn
syrup has only a limited number of
competitors, whose expenses are nearly
the same, and who cannot sell without
Kfrofit, whereas, the honey producer's
competitors are almost as "numberless
as the sands upon the sea shore;" and
many, especially our friends the farm-
mers, do sell without a profit; or on
such a small margin that one cannot
make a living-, unless mnking- some-
thing at some other occupation. Now,
I wouldn't say a word against helping-
the farmer on all possible occasions, if
he needed it, but he doesn't Nine-
tenths of the farmers who keep a few
bees have more than they can well do

at the time that bees need the most at-
tention; I never knew one who could
not have made more attending- to his
Jarin; and they nearly all do' neglect
the bees to the extent that their honey
is in poor shape to market.

If the article in Wallace's had been
signed Emerson Taylor Abbott I would
not have been so much surprised; I
confess I was surprised as I thought
you favored bee-keeping- for bee-keep-
ers. (My friend is surprised that I
would even contribute an article on
bee-keeping to a farm paper. — Ed.
RiiviKw. ) Of course, w«/- turn to be
surprised will come when I tell you
that / am a fanner too. But, like
Bevins, I have arrived at the point
where I would keep bees for revenue,
when lo — the revenue has disappeared !
It is my belief, though, that bee-keep-
ing, as a business, will disappear, ex-
cept in a few isolated localities, for the
majority seems to be on the other side.

You say the bee-keepers are too
docile; follow their leaders too easily;
surely you have been around enough to
know that this following is mostly on
paper. We can't help following, as far
as the papers are concerned. Don't
almost all bee-keepers know there is a
combine or understandings among- the
leading- manufacturers? And yet, in
what paper can it be denounced) Un-
less I am greatly mistaken there are
plenty who do not "follow," but it
could hardly he told by the journals.
And doubtless there are others who
would not follow were it safer to do
otherwise.

»^»'».«^»»^it"

Producing Good Extracted Honey.
What is it that g-ives to honey its
value ? It is not simply its sweetness,
which is of low power; but it is its fine
flavor and rich aroma. These are the
qualities which make honey what it is
— a luxury — and, if we wish its use
continued as a sweet sauce, we must
learn to produce and care for it in
such a manner as to preserve its
ambrosial, palate-tickling qualities.
Freshly g-athered nectar is one of the
most "silly" tasting and sickening- of
sweets. To be sure, it has the flavor
of the flowers from which it was gath-
ered; but that smooth, rich, oily, honey
taste, that lingers in the mouth, must
be furnished by the bees. Honey ex-

214

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

tracted when "green" and evaporated
in the open .lir, is not only lacking in
the element that comes trom the secre-
tions of the bees, but its blossom-tlavor
is half lost by evaporation. To be
sure, evaporation must take place if
left in the hive, but evaporation in the
open air, and evaporation in the
aroma-laden air of the hive iiroduce
different results.

One reason why comb honey is, in so
many instances, fonnd to be more de-
licious than the extracted, is because
the former is more thoroug'hly ripened,
and then sealed up from the air. Sel-
dom do we find extracted honey equal
to that dripping from and surrounding
the section of comb honey that is being
carved upon the plate Many of those
who produce extracted honey in large
quantities, extracting before it is
thoroughly ripened, admit that such
honey is inferior, as a table sauce, to
that ripened by the bees, but they say
they cannot afford to produce the best
article possible. The quantity of
honey is not materially lessened by
thorcughl}' ripening it; if larger crops
are secured by extracting it "green,"
it is the result of the stimulus given the
bees by furnishing them such an
abundance of empty combs. By the
use plenty of store combs and supers,
the same results, or nearly the same,
may be obtained, and the ripening of
the honey secured by tiering up. The
interest upon the cost of extra combs
and supers is a small thing compared
with the putting of unripe honey upon
the market. By the use of plenty of
combs, tiering them up, the work of
extracting may be put off until the
busy season is over. The great trou-
ble is the lack of incentive for produc-
ing well-ripened honey for the general
market. The production of extracted
hone3' to be shipped away for some
commission merchant to sell, is much
like making butter to be sold at a
country store. All brings the same
price. White clover honey brings so

much; buckwheat so much. The honey
with the fine, delicate flavor, the
thoroughl}' bee-ripened, wel'-preserved,
superior article, will not bring one
cent more in the general market than
the ordinary, pretty good hone}'. Per-
haps, for manufacturing purposes,
there is no advantage in having such a
superior article, but for table sauce
there is; and the only way in which
the man who produces a really super-
ior article can hope to receive pay for
his extra trouble, is by selling direct
to consumers, or by establishing a
reputation for his hone}' among dealers
and their customers. The only secret
in producing a superior grade of ex-
tracted honey, honey that will be the
equal of that that drips from the deli-
cate morsel of comb at the tea table, is
that of leaving it on the hive until it is
sealed and thoroughly ripened. Leav-
the honey on the hive a few weeks
after it is sealed seems to give an
addted ripeness or richness. Of course,
robbers are ready to give trouble after
the close of the season, but the use of
bee escapes overcomes this difficulty.
When the supers are freed from bees
by the use of bee escapes, the honey is
usually cold bj' the time it is off the
hive, it having lost the heat imparted
to it by the bees, and it does not extract
nearly so easily as though the bees
had been brushed off and the honey
extracted immediately. The proper
course is to stack the supers up in a
warm room, one heated by a stove,
until the honey is warmed through,
when it may be thrown out vvith the
greatest ease. I am aware that this
system is not the one usually followe3,
but I believe it has decided advantages
over other sj'stems, and results in
honey of a superior quality. Have
plenty of combs and supers; tier up the
same as in the production of comb
honey; leave the combs on the hive until
the honey is thoroughly ripened; re-
move the honey by the use of bee
escapes, and warm it up artificially

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

215

when ready to extract. This plan
greatly lessens the work during the
busy season, as about all there is to
do is to see tliat jilenty of surplus
room isprovided. If the harvest is pro-
longed, lasting several weeks, it is
quite likely that some of the supers
will be ready to come off before the
harvest is over, and it may be best to
remove them if they are becoming piled
up too high.

It seems almost unnecessary to say
that I would use a queen-excluding
honey board over the brood nest. If
bee escapes are to be used, the pres-
ence of brood in a super will defeat the
plan, as the bees will not desert the
brood. If we are going to brush oflf
the bees and extract the honey at once,
no honey that is thoroughly ripe can be
successfully extracted without at the
same time throwing out some of the
unsealed brood if any is in the comb.
With unusually' deep combs in the
brood nest, it may be advisable to use
shallower combs in the supers, with
combs no deeper than the Langstroth,
I doubt the advisability of having any
shallower combs for the supers. In the
production of extracted honey there is
not much to choose between an eight-
frame Langstroth hive and a ten-frame
one, unless (nit-apiaries are to be
established, when the ten-frame hives
seem to enable the bees to bear neglect,
to shift for themselves, to better ad-
vantage. They are less likely to run
short of stores. Some bee-keepers use
only nine combs in a ten-frame super,
or seven combs in an eight-frame super,
thus inducing the bees to lengthen out
the cells and make the combs thicker.
.I'he honey ripens more slowly in such
deep cells, but the uncapping is thereby
greatly faciliated. When the combs
are uncapped, the cappings should be
given a thorough opportunity to drain,
and, if they are kept clean, the water
in which they are melted when they
are rendered into wax may be made
into vinegar. H. G. Sibbald, of

Ontario, has the best uncapping box
that it has been my good fortune to see.
It is five feet long, 16 inches wide, and
made in two sections, each nine or ten
inches deep. The lower section is for
honey, and, with the exception that the
corners are halved together, it is simply
a well-nailed and neatly made box,
waxed inside at all joints, with a
honey gate at one end to draw ofJ the
honey; the legs being a little shorter at
the end having the gate, so that the
honey will run off readily. The top
half or section is made in the same
manner, only that, instead of a board
bottom, it has a wire screen bottom
which allows the honey to drain from
the cappings. The bottom section is
halved on the inside, upper edge, and
the top section halved on the outside
lower edge. Being made in this man-
ner, the lower edge of the upper section
fits inside the lower one, and thus no
honey runs down outside the lower
box.

After the honey has been thoroughly
ripened, and is extracted, and found
to be in possession of all the tine
qualities I have mentioned, what shall
be done with it ? How shall it be
treated that it may retain its flavor ?
The key to success in this direction is
exchision of the air. Seal it up in glass
jars, or tin ciins, or in clean barrels;
and the sooner this is done (after the
particles of wax and scum have raised
to the top) the less the escape of aroma.
My preference is a round, jacketed, tin
can, with aflat top, and a large screw-
cap in the top. A five-gallon can of this
kind, holding 60 pounds of honey, can
be bought for about 30 cts. This style
of package can be rolled on the floor,
while the square can must be picked
up and carried, or else slid along upon
the floor. A barrel is really the cheap-
est package for storing or shipping
honey, and when we know that the
hone}' is to be shipped to some manu-
factor}', there is no objection to the
use of barrels if they are well-made.

216

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Upon the approach of cool weather,
most hone}' will candy; and, if sealed
up tiyht, and put away in a cool place,
it will remain in that condition for
years: and when broug^ht slowly and
carefully back to its liquid state, it will
be found to have retained its original
"flavor, aroma and boquet. " Too
much stress cannot be placed upon the
care necessary in liquef^nng- candled
honey. So many think if honey does
not boil it cannot be injured. The
temperature of boiling- water will ruin

the flavor of honey. When a can of
candied honey is placed over a stove,
or in any other hot place, the outside
of the cake of honey soon melts, and
this may become very hot before the
rest of the cake has dissolved. In a
tank of hot water is the best place to
liquefy a can of honey, but the temper-
ature should never go above 160 or 170
degrees; and, by the way, when melt-
ing the honey, don't loosen the screw-
cap and leave it open, as it only allows
the escape of the aroma.

THE HONEY PRODUCERS' LEAGUE.

The Formation of Such an Organization
May Have a Good Effect.

The Honey Producers' League has
not yet secured the desired $5,000 with
which to begin advertising, but its
Manager is putting forth every effort
to make good use of the name of the
League. He recently had an article
in the Chicago Times, in which he
combated the artificial comb honey
story, and called attention to the
League as an Association organized to
place honey before the public in its
true light.

Mr. York also wrote an article em-
bodying an interview that Mr. Wm. A.
Selser had with the editor of Phila-
delphia's oldest and best paper, the
Press, and sent it to that paper, but
the editor took the pains to put it into
an editorial, instead, which, of course,
beats anj'thing that could appear in
the shape of a contribution. Mr.
Selser says that he (Selser) has worked
hard for a long time to secure this
result, and, of course, he is properly
elated over the results. As the edito-
rial is short, it may be well to cop3' it
entire, then the readers of the Review
can show it to other papers who print

this old artificial honey canard. Here
is the editorial: —

Pure food has its myths as well as
every other crusade for reform.

The ingenious story printed as a
Sunday special in the supplement of a
number of papers by a Newark corres-
pondent, who made a busines of fur-
nishing ingenious hoaxes, that honey
was made of glucose and forced into
combs made of paratfine, has remained
for twenty years the bane of the honey
industry and the sport of the exchange
editor.

The old story is still in circulation,
passes through that devious orbit
which begins with the syndicate,
passes to the Sunday special, finds its
way to the patent insei"t, is repeated by
more reputable weeklies, taken up
again by some ingenious writer and
started again on its syndicate course.

The Honey Producers 's League,
formed in Chicago last March, has en-
listed itself in the effort to end this
m3'th. For 3'ears it appears there has
been a standing offer of $1000 for any
honey of this character. In the nature
of things, neither paraffine nor glucose
filling can be prepared and sold at the
price at which actual honey can be
furnished. Liquid honey, separated
from the comb, is sometimes adulter-
ated, but any bee-keeper is aware that
it is impossible by artificial means to
counterfeit the disposition of honey in
the comb as made by the ingenious and
busy but non-adulterating bee.

Honey was the earliest of sweets. It
undoubtedly began the human prefer-
ence for sweets by its consumption in

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

21:

the days of the Lemur and the later
Simian ancestor who succeeded the
Lemur in the chain of human develop-
ment. It produces none of the dietetic
disturbances due to either beet or cane
sug-ars. Its production steadil}' in-
creases in this country. Its consump-
tion grows and in time, if the Honey
Producers' Leag-ue accomplishes all
that it proposes, people will undoubt-
edly understand that no food is so free
from adulteration as honey in the
comb.

TEN TONS EXTRACTED HONEY.

What to Do With it if We Get it.

In an excellent article, under the
above heading, and published in the
Progressive Bee-Keeper, Mr. C. W.
Dayton, of Chatsworth, California,
urges that honey be fully capped be-
fore it is extracted, even left on the
hives a few days after it is capped;
then he would store it in tanks that any
thin honey might rise to the top, draw-
ing the rich, heavy, ripe article from
the bottom. These tanks Mr. Dayton
makes of galvanized iron, waxing them
thoroughly on the inside, painting them
on the outside, after which he buries
them in a mixture ot ,^4 earth and '4
lime. He says that the lime takes up
the moisture from the outside, besides
absorbing any that may escape from
the honey. Burying the honey keeps
it of an even temperature, thus prevent-
ing granulation. Here is what he says
about the selling part of the problem:—
When I was at Florence a few days
ago a new customer came to my apiary
and said he had waited for days to
catch me to buy some of my honey.
Then he gave me the name of a friend
at Los Angeles and insisted on my
taking a 5-gallon can there. First I
went to the place without the honey to
be sure if they really wanted to buy
honey. "To be sure, they said, if it
was satisfactory." It was a boarding
house and the landlord and several
boarders, some of them lately from the
East, gave me a perfect jumble of stories
about machine comb honey and glu-
cosed extracted. I gave no answer. It
would have made my case worse if I

had. When I brought the honey the
next day they gave it the highest praise
from the start. Now, this was not first
class water white, but it was a medium
grade of amber in a high class board-
ing house. And they insisted on hav-
ing my name and address to get more.
In the first twenty-four hours after I
arrived in Florence, 14 five gallon cans
were sold to persons who found out
that I was at the apiary and they came
there for honey. I can find customers
about Florence who have bought honey
regularly, every two weeks, for seven
years, without a miss; unless we neg-
lected taking it to them as per order.

I am not arguing in honor of our
methods or salesmanship any farther
than it conforms to the natural way of
treating honey. There i.s another big
crop almost in sight and the question
is, what effect it will have on the pres-
ent "dull market ?" I expect that the
price will go pretty low. I will not be
very active in the market until the
storm has gone over. Seven cents per
pound for amber and eight cents for
water white will be our figures. Most
of our old customers will stay "with
us" as they have done before. The
storm will be mostly oyer by Decem-
ber or January. It costs 8 cents per 5
gallons to store honey in tanks. Each
tank takes one sheet of 30x36 in. gal-
vanized iron, and another piece 24x24
in. oft" another sheet. I have just
enough time to make one tank while my
wife is preparing breakfast. And one
tank is sufficient to hold one day's ex-
tracting. The caps to the 600 pound
tanks are arranged so that the
moisture can continue to escape for two
or three months through the hot
weather; then the caps are screwed
down and the tanks buried in the lime
earth about afoot over their tops, to
await orders. When I receive an order
I go with a clean five gallon can, or
other receptacle, and draw from the
bottom of the tanks. Only unearth
one tank at a time. I do not use any
expensive honey gates but a special
gate which is to be soldered on the
side of the tanks.

I should have mentioned that the
pipe from the extractor leads to a tank
large enough to hold a week's extract-
ing. I suppose those many-hived short-
cut bee men will adhere strongly to
anything relating to big tanks full,
but there are four requisites in the pro-
duction and disposal of a crop of
honey. P'irst, is quality and ripeness;
second, is price; third, is full weight;

218

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

fourth, always keep it on hand. The
failure in any one of these thing^s will
bring- any market "to grief." The
price should not be too low nor yet too
high. I read of some bee-keepers re-
tailing their honey at 12 to 15 cents for
extracted. I call that an exhorbitant
price. There is a limited market
which will buy it at that. We have a
few such customers as that, and by go-
ing to a great deal of trouble to look
up only such, we might sell it all that
way. But it takes a great deal of
labor to hunt up such trade. We like
that trade best that will hunt for us.
With sugar from five to seven cents we
find that honey will rest easily at
seven to nine cents. At this the labor-
ing class and most of the well-to-do
will buy it, and buy it often and with
regularity. It might sufficefor anoccu-
pation to tide over a poor year to sell
at the high price. But the level price
from year to year, comes out best.
Customers, or at least steady customers
who have any economic intentions, be-
come suspicious of fluctuating prices,
and when prices go up they will^think
they are about to be cheated, and when
the'price goes down of course they take
it for granted that they have been
cheated all along.

Another ingredient, that is almost or
quite as nnportant as any of the four
mentioned above, is time. It takes
time to show people that honey is ripe,
is full weight, etc. The second, third
and even more times it may require to
convince customers that there is no
variation. Then after they have
learned it, keep right on "mailing
them." Confidence thus gained is
worth more than half of the crop that
is to be sold. In fact, the bee-keeper
who has a confidential line of custom-
ers is as well off as if he had already
harvested a considerable crop even
before his bees are out of winter quar-
ters. It is making one crop sell the
next. And eventually his crops will
sell themselves. If you are going to
cheat, go far from home to do it. But
even then it will not pay where it is
likely to be drifted back into your
locality again; as might be the case
with honey. It might not identify your
conduct to your neighbors, but you will
suffer from it nearly as much as if it
did.

I used to produce and sell as much
of comb as extracted honey. After a
customer bought once or twice, and
thought of the lower price of extracted,
and tasted and considered, he invaria-

bly decided to take extracted and con-
tinued to call for it. As one customer
did another did. I never put in a word
in favor of either kind. Now, after
twelve years, I would not sell one case
of comb honey to ten pounds of
extracted.

It would be impossible to turn these
customers back to hone3' in the comb.
If I kept bees for fifty years, I could
find no reason to run one hive to its
production. My customers would not
accept jars of extracted with chunks
of comb honey floating in it, as some
bee-keepers put it up. They prefer the
clear extracted at the same price.
Many have said that they want the
honey to eat, not to look at. And by
paying strict attention to these before
mentioned requisites it found a position
in their culmar}^ departments that
nothing else can displace. We have
just three things to look after in our
apiary management viz: Good queens,
"elbow grease," and tanks.

Imported Carniolan

Queens !

A limited numb-rofcboice imported Carniolan
queens will be disposed of during July and suc-
ceeding montlis. I shall be inCa.niola during
July making the.se shipments which will be c'is
tributed from Washington, D.C.

PRICE— ^elecl Imported Queen J4.00. Write for
rates for three or more. Address

RflliPH BENTON,

-05 It

925 N. St. N. W.

WASfllNGTON, D.C.

BEE-Sl)PPliIES.

lieuiis' Goods at paetopy Priees.

Best shipping point in the United
States. Special inducements on bee-
hives. 88 page Catalog— good infor-
mation for all bee-keepers— free. Ask
about our free pocket mirror.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1002 E. Washington St.
3.05-51 INDIANAPOLIS, IND

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

219

THERE'S NO SECTIONS

LIKE

LEWIS SECTIONS.

Manufactured
by

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

And for sale by the following:

Watertown,
Wis., U. S. A.

K. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis lyumber Co , Fairbaiilt, Mitiii.

Dadant & Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C. M, .Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton, O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

York Honey & Bee Supply Co., Chi-
cago, III., 141 & 143 Ontario St.

I<oui-< Hansen's .Sons, Davenport, loua

Adam A. Llarke,I<e Mars, lowi.

Southwestern Bee Co . San Antonio,
Texas., 438, Houston .St.

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

Colorado Honey Producers Association,

Denver, Colo
Fruit Growers' A.ss'n., Grand Junction,

Colo. ^

Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, I^oveland, Colo.
Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.
Chas. H. I.,illy & Co., .Sealtle. Wa.sh.
Fred Foulgef & Sons, Ogden, Utah.
A. Coppin, Wenona, 111.
California, I.,umber & Milling Co., San

Franci.sco, Calitornia
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Herts, Eng.

''®'^'^#^^)1^^#S

fO^iake Youp O^A/^n Hives.

3ee - Keepers

Will siive money by
usin^*- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hivc^. sections
and l)oxcs.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue,

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.

;W4 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

220

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

PAXEINX, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24

< VEiARS "the: beist. catalog freie:.

0'V^>^N,

BINGHAM, FARWEILL,

MICH.

VIRGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens secured by a cross
and years of careful selection, from
Red Clover Queens and Superior Stock
obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June 15, 60c
Tested queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c
Selected tested queens, $1.25; after
June 15, $1.00.

Write a postal card for circular.

CHAS. KOEPPEN,
6-o4-tf Fffedericksburg-, Va.

and bees cost no more than poor ones. We fur-
nish good ones on short notice. Untested, 75c
each; $400 for 6; or $7.51) per dozen. Tested,
$1.25 each. Breeders, $3.00.

Nuclei, i-frame, with queen, $1.50; 2-franie,
$2 00; 3-franie, $2.50. Absolute satisfaction or
no deal We breed six pure races. Price list
describing them free. We are agents for the
Dittmer comb foundation for this State and sell
at Dittmer's prices. If you wish your wax work-
ed into foundation for cash we will receive same
and furnish j'ou the foundation from our stock;
which will save you much time and freight.

2-05.tf

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,

Beeville, Tex.

Send for

J 905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich

[Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
4-oi-» t 147-149 Cedar Lake Road

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

{ROOT'S BEE^SUPPliIES

AT

{ROOT'S Pf^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL. Kendall, Mich

— If you are going to —

rUy a buzz -saw,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to eeU and would be glad to
make .vou hanpy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

American

BEE

Journal

All about Beos.

16-page Weekly.

Sample Free. $1

a year ; 3 months'

Trial Trip, 2nc. silver or stamps.

Best writers. Ol.iest bee-paper;

v^ M h' -II \ -ji illustrated. Dept's for beginners

\x»' xm VoT/ anil tor women bee-keepers.

GEORGE W.YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAOO, ILL.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

221

I 1=2 STORY,

8-frame hives, either plain, orbee-wav
supers, $1.00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 ft shipping- cases, $13.00
for 100; 12 ft $8.00 for 100; 20 ft Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with order of $10.00.
Send for free list.

R. D. 3

W. D. SOPER

Jackson, Mich.

IT AliinH QUEENS

Untested, 50 cents each, tested, 75 cents each;
Carniolan qneens, same price. Bankston baby
nncleus hive nailed ready for use, by mail, 35 cts. ;
nursery cage, by mail, 35 cts. Send for circular.
Full instructions are sent showing how to op-
erate the new Queen Rearing out6t.
C. B. BANKSTON,

M'lano,
05-5-tf Milam, Co., Tex.

The Bee-Keepers
Paradise.

300,000 Acres of Wild Land for sale,
in the F.imous Fruit Belt Reg^ion of
Michigan, at low prices and on easy
terms.

These lands are especially adapted
to fruit culture, all the most desirable
fruits being cultivated with especial
success.

These uncultivated lands also pro-
duce immense quantities of wild ber-
ries, from which larg-e crops of honey
are obtained, at a good profit to the
Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and circulars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address:

J. E. MERRITT,

Gen'l Mgr.

Michigan Land Co.,

Manistee Michigan.

Santa Fe

% W

All the Way

F. T. Hendry,

Gen. Agt.,

151 Griswold St.

Detroit, Mich.

llforin:

The Santa Fe will run first-
class excursions, Chicago
to California, on certain
days, Apnl to August.

Fare out and back about
half the usual price. You
may go on California Limit-
ed and visit Grand Canon.

222

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

■iiii|i||iiiiiiiin:ii|ii|i|i|iiiN|i||iiiininiianinMiiBiini|ii|iiii||||||ii|iiii|nii||||{|!gM^^ miliiiiiiiiigiiiiiiiiii

■ IIIMW

Prompt Shipments, y South Western

illll!!! ^^a^

I'll Are what you want and we

Ilii can make them. Send in your

ilil orders and be convinced that

III we can do it. WISCONSIN

111 BASSWOOD FOR SEC-

■iiiiiii

II TIONS. DOVE-TAILED

j;;:| HIVES made by ourselves

|'!™| now. A full line of supplies

llji'l for bee-keeping- on hand.

iiiiiiii

Iffll -1

iiiiilll ^^^^

liiiirii

H Mapshfield IVIfg. Co.

iiiiiiii

iil IWarshfield, Wis.

■iniin

i'^!''!iBiMiiiii«iiiiiiiiiii>niiiiii iHfiniiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiMiiiBiiiiiiiii|iiiiiinigiiiiiniigiiiniiii|

|i|!|iiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiii»iiiiimiiiliNiiiiiiiiui'u»liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMniii i

iiiiiiii

II Root's Goods evt

III Root's Prices

iiiiiiii

iiiiiiii ^^^

liilllll

iiiiiiii
iiiiiiii
iiiiiiii

i'-'l • POUDER'S Honey Jars and

i'""'i everything used by Bee-Keepers,

i: i Large and complete stock on hand

|'"!'l at all times. I<ow freight rates.

= = Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

■limn

||| Wzilter S. Fourier

Ilii 513-515 Mass. Ave.

■"""■ INDTAN.\POIJS, IXD,

liniiiiiBijiiiiiiiiiDiiiJinuilliiiiBiiiJiiiiiaiiiiiijiiaiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiaiJiii

SAVE MONEY

Get our prices on all Bee-Keepers'
Supplies before you buy. Send for
Catalog We carry a full line, and
will not be undersold.

HONEY CANS AND FOUNDATION
—We represent the American Can Co.
in Texas, as their sole and exclusive
agents for honey cans. We al.so han-
dle Dadant «t Son's world-famous
Comb Foundation, exclusivly. Get
our prices before buying.

BEES AND QUEENS, in any
quantity at all seasons ot the year.
I,et us quote you.

HONEY AND BEESWAX bought
and sold. We will buy your honey
crop; and we especially want your
beeswax at the highest market price.

H. H. HYDE

Successor to

THE GRAHAM - HYDE BEE CO.,

San Antonio, Texas,

DittmetT^'s
poandation

Is the Best.

Will tell you WHY". If you

will send for Free Catalog

and Samples.

Early Order Discount on
Full Line of Supplies.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

Working Wax into Founda-
tion for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

Foundation.

Gus. Dittrner,

I Aup-usta, - - Wisconsin imlni

I !,i!inng<iii ■iiiiiiiiii:iiii'ii!iiiiii'iini -v m ■■-.< '"■:i<it"i ■ 'iiiiii«n|f lliliyl

|iuiiiiiiiiJ|li|iiliijJiilliiiJii|iJiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiu1iiiiiiBiJiiiuiifiiJiiiuiiiiiin

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

223

H i^ssa

Afc>©mt ©mie Tlnlim^

That is to give you the very best Home Remedy

that can be had anywhere or at any price.
If I fail to please you it is I who wants you to have your money
back more than you yourself, want it.

Are you prepared now to head off Summer Fevers and other
diseases that are bound to come as they always have?

You can deiiend upon Yelloivzones to do these thing-s for you.
And they will often save you from large doctors' bills as from
suffering-; and this is no idle tale.

Here is an open honest
testimony from a lady in
whose family YZ have been
used constantly for 9 years.

Dear Mr. House: — Find one dollar enclosed for YZ, for which I
Ihank you in advance.

We have not had a doctor in our house (only for friendly calls)
since mother died, nearly seven years ago. The YZare so good
they help us out every time. We always have them in the house.
I wish I could remember when we got the first box. [It was in
1896-] Very sincerely yours,

A Dollar Box of YELLOWZONES will put you in shape to
head off and cure almost all the ailments that are likely to
molest you — and your money returned if not satisfactory.
That's a good investment.

Full size box, with vial of Zonets for bowels and liver,
$1 .00. Trial size 25c.

W. B. HOUSE, M. D., DeTour, Mich.

224

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

COLORADO HIVE COVER.

SflTISFflCTIOH

To the bees and SAT-
ISFACTION to the bee-
keeper is the aim and
object of the manufac-
turer whose name ap-
pears with this ad.

The Colorado Cover
is a double cover with
airspace — the outside cover is made from full 74, inch white pine. It
cannot leak, it cannot warp, it retains the heat of the colony so neces-
sary in early spring, and it is impenetrable to heat in the hottest climate.
Prick— 1 nailed— 4()c. 10 in flat $3.00.

UP-^TO-OflTE

Bee-Hives, Sections, Fences, Smokers, Foundation
Comb. Bee Veils, Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Supplies, manufactured and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

Flint, Mich., Apr. 17, '05.
Friend Putnam: —

Yours saying that you would send the sections in a few days is here.
Thank you.

Ever since nailing up those hives, I have felt like writing and thanking you for the
excellent material and workmanship. The lumber is practically clear lumber, and the
workmanship simply perfect — everything smooth Mud accurate. If every shipment that
you send out is like this, you will eventually have more business than you can look
after. Yours Truly,

W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

OUR flEW POIilCY.

Now is the time to make plans
for I9O6. Our plan is to estab-
lish a branch house at everj^
country town. Write for par-
ticulars.

The Rural Bee-Keeper better
than ever this year. Write for
sample copy.

Joinour EXCURSION PARTY
to San Antonio, Texas. Leaves
Chicago, Oct. 25th, Round trip

$20.00.

The RUSH season is over. We have a good supply of
Standard Goods on hand. We cater to the trade that de-
mands QUALITY. We give value received and PROMPT
SHIPMENT.

iW. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis.i

Honey Quotations

The fol owing rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North Ameiican Bte-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, and so
far as possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well filleo; combs
straiaht, of even thickness, and hrmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be c'assified
according to color, using the terms w hite, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white "
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
treight, cartage and commission— the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a few dealers, charge only
live per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

NEWYORK-No demand for comb honey
Extracted in fairly good demand with ample
supply. We quote as fol lows: Fancy white 13c'
No. I, 1 2c; fancy amber, 10 to iic; No. i, loc'
White, extracted, 6J^ to 7c; amber, s^c; dark sc'
beeswax, 28 to 29c.

HII^DRETH & SEGEI.KEN,
^ 82-86 Murray St,

June II, 1905. New York.

CINCINNATI— We sold today, at our store, new
crop of fancy comb honey, at 13V.C per pound.
There is still a big stock of last season's honey
on the market, that is going begging at any
price. Extracted honev is moving quite lively
now. We sell amber honey in barrell at sK to
6}^c according to quality. White clover honey
7 to 8Hc. Beeswax, 26c.

- , THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

July 10-05 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio

BUFFAI^O- There is very little new honev
coming in. Not much demand while fruit is so
plenty Some old stock is going out very slowly
at low prices. We quote as follows: Fancy
white new, 14 to 15c; No. i, 12 to 13c; fancy am-
ber, No. I and fancy dark, 8 to loc; No i dark
o to 7c. '

- , BATTERSON & CO.,

July 7, 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

«,Si u ^°~?^^^ volume of sales are infinitesi-
mal, hence prices are not considered to be im-
portant at this season. Comb brings 12 to i2Uc
per lb. for best grades, off lots 7 to foe; extracted
5 to 7C, according to what it is. Beeswax sells
upon arrival at 30c per lb ccswax sens

R. A. BURNETT & CO
June 7, 1905. igg So wat^r gj

nroH.l^.'"^/^'^^-'^!?^ demand for honey is im-

pro\ingand receipts for new honey are a little

heavier each week; we believe prices will remain

u , *or some time. We quote as follows: Fancy

Tnd L r°- ' r'"'^ *'-5o to v^2 75 per case; fancy
and No. I amber, ^^2.00 to 52.50 per case; white
fg'"^^eranddark,extracted. 4^ to 6c: beelwal;

^ , , C C. CI,EMONS&CO..

July &, 1905 Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO— Trade on come honev is still very
quiet on account of heavy arrivals of fruits of ail
kinds, but we look to see a reaction by the latter
part of this month. Strained honey" has been
moving quite ireely this mouth. We quote as
follows: Fancy white, 12 to 13c; No. i white 11
to i2c; white extracted, 6 to 6J^c; amber, s to 6c
Beeswax, 28 to 30c.

S. T. FISH &CO.,
, , . 189 ^outh Water St.

Julys, 190S Chicago. Ill

KANSAS CITV-The market is well cleaned
upon comb honey. Extracted in light demand
Beeswax is in good demand. We quote as fol-
lows: Fan y white, loc; No. i while, 9c; white
extracted 7c; beeswax 2S to wc

WAI^KER-BREWSTE'r GROCER v.O
June 3, 1905 423 Walnut St , Kansas City^ Mo

TOI^EDO- The market on comb honey at this
writing is practically un.settled, and a great
many are waiting to see how the new crop is go-
ing to come out. Most of the old honey is pretty
well cleaned up, and very little new honey is
being offered as yet, and we think fancy would
bring 14 to 15c; No. I, 13 to 14c, with little demand
tor amber. Extracted, in barrels, white clover
5^ to 6c, cans, 6i^ to 7c. Good demand for amber
honey in barrels, 4'^ to 5c, cans, 5 to s5^c

GRIGGS BROTHERS,
July 13-05 Toledo, Ohio,

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Fine, Northern-bred; originated fiom best
long-tongued, "RED CI.OVER" breeders in
United States; work on red-clover; bred in full
colonies, for business, under swarming influence-
noted for their excellent honey gathering wint-
ering qualities, and gentleness.

Untested, ji.oo; six, $5.00; Tested, $2.00; six
Jio.oo; Select Tested, $3 00; Extra Select Tested,
M.50. After July ist, Untested, 75c; six, $4.00;
Tested, |i 50; six, $8:00. Satisfaction guaranteed.

Write for full descriptive circular.

ISAAC F. mii,i,e;r,

5-05-3t

R. F. D. No. 2, Brookville, Pa.

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 Pag-e Catalogue describing-
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing needed in the Apiary.

Special low prices on Brood Frames

and Shipping Cases. Beeswax

wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.

2-'05-lf

1^ BBBBBBBB«€eH^^^^€

I GLEANINGS

|Hf Every beekeeper should subscribe to Gleanings in Bee Culture. No

Qj progressive one can afford to miss a single number. You subscribe

|2!»f to one bee paper already? Now, isn't it entirely logical that if you

\\J find one bee paper profitable that two papers would be doubly so?

I\5| Providing the second paper was right and Gleanings is right.

U^ Every reader of the Review is familiar in a way with Gleanings, so

W^ it is not necessary to go into details regarding it. Every number is

eW entirely original matter. Every number contains a wealth of illus-

jS^ trations that is not exceeded by another of its class. In fact Glean-
Mg ings is par excellance in many ways.

^ GLEANINGS BOOKLET

Sm! We have just published a little booklet devoted to Gleanings. It is

Vli perfect miniature of Gleanings, going into detail describing every

Ssd department, showing just how Gleanings meets the needs of ez'eiy

rij beekeeper everywhere. We will gladly send this booklet and a
|H» sample copy of Gleanings free on receipt of a postal,

^[4 SOME REGULAR DEPARTMENTS;

\\\ Stray Straws

K^^ By Dr. C. C. Miller, Ills.

Bee-Keeping Among the Rockies

By J. A. Green, Colorado

Gleanings from the Pacific Coast

By Prof. A. J. Cook, Calif.

^^^ Bee-Keeping in the Southwest

rJQ By Louis Scholl, Texas

Conversations

By G. M. Doolittle, N. Y.
Editorials By E. R. Root

*;

SOME RECENT CONTRIBUTORS:

Hoffman Frames

By Julius Hoffman

Producing Both Comb and Ex-
tracted Honey from the same
Super By E. D. Townsend

The Scent Factor in Introduction
. By Arthur C. Miller
The Folly of Sending Unripe
Honey to Market

By R. A. Burnett
The Hershiser Non-Swarming
System By O. L. Hershiser

Nail Spaced Frames

By J. L. Hyde

rn To Induce You to Subscribe

^\ Gleanings and the Bee-Keepers' Review one year - - |1.75

KSS Gleanings six months trial - - - - - -25

rO Gleanings one year and Red Clover Italian Queen— July 1.50

kJS Gleanings one year and the A B C of Bee Culture, postpaid 2.00

\\\ Gleanings one year and Langstroth Revised, postpaid 2.00

JK} Gleanings one year and "How to Keep Bees" postpaid 1./^

CU Gleanings one year and Standard Cornell Smoker, postpaid 1.85

jSIkS t7> 1 : — ^„ 4ti (\(\ -r^ar- trc^'^r- TTz-vi-o i < rn i->ncfao-f» 4.fipfipr vea r extra.

Regular prices, $1.00 per year. Foreign postage, 48c per year extra.
Gleanings is found in everj' club list.

% THE A. 1. ROOT CO., medina. omo

August, 1905.

Flint, Michigan, $1.00 a Year

Bee-Keepers'Review

PUBI.ISHED MONTHLY
W. 2. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

^Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 211

Terms— $1.00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances— The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed. Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once >ipon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Aug. 15, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
limes, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

An imported queen received Aug-. 15,
1904, has this season, up to date (July
15th, '05), produced almost 200 lbs. of
extracted honey. She has the largest
colon}', the gentlest bees and the great-
est hustlers I ever saw. Just think of
the long journey, and then to accom-
plish such results. You can have
queens from her for 75c, untested; and
$2.00, tested.

The Wood Bee Hive and Box Co.,
Lansing, Micii.

National Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.

To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Meuibersbip $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. D.\DANT, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
\V. Z. HCTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasure!

Foard of Directors.

Wm McEvov. \Voodl)urn, Ont,
R. L,. Taylor, lyapeer. Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R C AiKiN, I.,oveland. Colo

P. H Elwood, Starkville. N. Y
E Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM. A. Selser, Philadelphia. Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
R. A. Hoi-EKAMP St. lyO'is, Mo.

J. M Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis. I
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills. 1

j Names of Bee-Keepers I

1 xyre: NA/RiT-reiM E

BBfSRPiBiPilEIBPSECiaCCllSiCCiRaiSraCiECiB

The namesof my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ,
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish il
to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand
names. The former price was $2.50 pel 1000, but
I now havea type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at |2.oo. A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accommodated
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona
Ark... .
Ala.. .
Calif...
Colo

46
82
80

378
228

Canada 1200
Conn.. 162
Dak.. .
Del ... .
Fla . . . .

Ga

Ind....
Ills....
Iowa . .

25
18
100
90
744
1375
800

Ky

Kans..

La

Mo

Minn..
Mich...
Mass...

Md

Maine
Miss.'. .
N. Y...
Neb.. ..
N. J. ..
N. H.

182

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

■•345

- 130

158

N. C 6t

New Mex. 54
Oregon .
Ohio...
Penn.. . .

R. I

S. C

Tenn....

Tex

Utah

Vt

Va

W. Va..
Wash ..
Wis.

I3«

'4
4t

I7f
. 270
. 68
..20J

183
..ili
. ta

6x

W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint. Mich

pFompt Shipments,

Are what you want and we
can make them. Send in your
orders and be convinced that
we can do it. WISCONSIN
BASSWOOD FOR SEC-
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED
HIVES made by ourselves
now. A full line of supplies
for bee-keepiny on hand.

Marshfield |VIfg. Go.

IWarshfield, Wis.

QUEENS

We have secured the services
of one of the best Queen spe-
cialists in the U. S. Over
30 years experience raising-
Oueens. Our yard is stocked
with select breeders from the
best yards in America, and
can send Queens by return
mail.

Prices to Sept. 1, 1905.

Untested Queens $ .75

Select Untested Queens 1.00

Tested Queens 1.50

Select Tested Queens 2.50

GRIGGS BROS.

.")21 Griggs Block
TOLEDO, - - OHIO.

Ho Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen ivired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

tJ. VAJ^ DEUSEfi,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

Bee-K^eepers

Save money by buying hives,
sections, brood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else you need of the

W. T. Falconer A\fg. Go.,

Jamestown, N. Y.

B^'Our goods are guaranteed
of superior quality in every wav.
Send for our large illustrat-
ed catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in 12th year; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-
ham, N. H., carries a full line
of our goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

226

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

You Need Them Now = Shipping Cases.

Made with cover all in one piece and in any width,
up to 13 inches, of the best material obtainable for
the purpose, in a factory thoroughly equipped to do
the best class of work. On account of our near loca-
tion to the raw material district, we sell them for less
money than you obtain them elsewhere. Be sure to
mention the width desired and write TODAY. All
we want is your first trial order. We will naturally
get your other trade.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn.

■ms.

m

site

■yl'IS.

is what the farmer in the
Arkansas Valley of East-
ern Colorado gets for all the

he can raise.

SantaFe

If interested, ask Wni. Nicholson,
Gen. Colonization Agent, A. T. «t
S. F Ry., 1 1 17 Railway Exchange,
Chicago.

Either Golden or Honey Queens after July 1.

Our Goldens will come up with any
other Golden strain. Our Honey-
Queens are what some breeders call
"Red Clover Queens."

1 6 12

Untestea 5-75 $500 $7.00

Tested (or wan anted tested) 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeders 5.00

2 frame Nuclei (no queen) . 200 11.00 2200

When Oueens are wanted with Nuclei
add price of any queen wanted. We
g'uarantee safe arrival of Queens and
Nuclei. Our breeders may be returned
after 30 days if satisfaction is notg'iven.
Cash must come with all orders.

D. J. BLOCKER, = Pearl City, III.

LEARN TELEGRAPHY and R. R.
ACCOUNTING.

$50 to $100 per month salary a.ssured our gradu-
ates under bond. You don't pay us until you have
a position. Largest system of telegraph schools
in America. Endorsed by all railway oiTicials. |
Operators always in demand. Ivac'ies also ad- i
mitted. Wriie for catalogue. ^

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY.
Cincinnati, O., Buffalo, N. Y., Atlanta. Ga., I<a
Crosse, Wis., Texarkana, Tex., San Francisco,
Calif, 8-05-4t

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

227

Is the name under which Mr. Hutchin-
son, for five years, sold my strain of
bees, g-uaranteeing- safe arrival, safe
introduction, purity of mating-, and en-
tire satisfaction to the extent that the
queen could be returned any time with-
in two years, -when the money would
be returned, tog-ether with 50 cts extra
to pay for the trouble. Althoug-h he
sold hundreds of queens each year, in
only two instances was he asked to
return the money, while there were
hundreds of letters from pleased pur-
chasers. Npt more than half a dozen
queens were reported as impurely

mated, in all of those years, while the
losses in transportation and introduc-
tion were not serious; yet, on account
of those g-uarantees, Mr. Hutchinson
asked $1.50 for a queen. I can now
sell you queens that are ex idly the
same, and g-uarantee safe arrival any-
where in the U. S., Canada, or Cuba,
at the following- prices: Untested, 75c
each; six, $4.00; 1 doz., $7.50. Select
Untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; 1 do/.,
$9. 00.

Send for a handsome circular that
g-ives the experience of well-known bee-
keepers with this stock.

J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Kentucky.

Mffgo CosmpeiEa^

Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending- your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1905
Catalog-ue and Illustrated Price Dist— free for the askino-.

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 Pag-e Catalogue describing-
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing- needed in the Apiary.
Special low prices on Brood Frames
and Shipping- Cases. Beeswax
wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.

!-'05-tf

HONEY QUEENS

LAWS' ITAIvIAN and HOLY LAND QUEENS.
Plent.v of fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with these lam catering to a satisfiej trade.
Are you in it ? Or are you interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The foUowing prices
areas low as consistent with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, $8.00; tested fi.oo; per
dozen, $10. Breeders, the verv best of either
race, $3.00 each.

W. H. LawSjLBeeville, Tex.

228

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

^mmmWmlwmw:

"DflDflNT'S FOUNDftTIOH"

\T EXCELS.

We Guarantee Satisfaction. |f
BEE=SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all times.

A. G. Woodman^ Grand Rapids,
Agents for Michigan.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

u

a

¥£m

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Raturn Mall. Safe Arrival Guarantaad.

PR. loss. ONE SIX

Untastad ...... $0.75 $4.00

Select Unteatad 1.0

Tasked 1.S

Select Taatad ... ... . -.- 2.0

Select Breeders, each .. .

Two«frame Nucleus and Red Clover Queen

SIX

$4.00

5.0O

8 00
10 00

; . $3.00
. . r 3.00

TWCLVE

$7.50

9 00

15.00

18.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Di

O

;)e $ee-|^^f peps' jHfv^i^^.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR,
w. z. HDTCBiNsnN. Ediior M Proprieioi

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, AUG. 15, 1905. NO. 8.

Wo^w OEhe Callforiilaii Bleeps Bees

M. H. MENDELSON.

JT7Q succeed in keeping- bees in lar^^e
-^ numbers, a man ought to have a
thorough knowledge of the business.
He should have system, and order, and
be resourceful, mechanical and invent-
ive. He must be patient and persever-
ing and have a determ-ination to suc-
ceed regardless of difficulties; tor there
are many draw backs in bee-keeping
in California — bad years, and many
short years. The past ten years have
been mostly failures for lack of rain-
fall, which have been quite discour-
aging to many producers.

I started with about 200 colonies, in-
creased to 500, and had to look for new
territory, for my increasing business.

When I had only one or two apiaries,
it was an easy matter to get my bees
in prime condition for a honey harvest.
I did the work mostly alone, excepting
in swarming and extracting time,
when I hired help for the time being.

As my bees increased I was compelled
to get additional ranges and assist-
ants; and when the bulk of work was
over I generally let all help go, and I
did the balance of labor for the season,
but now I shall be compelled to get
permanent assistance.

In starting out-apiaries, new con-
ditions were contended with. It was
an experiment and a costly one. Bad
years would change plans, and there
were discouragements, success and
hope deferred.

In managing ofie apiary, in bad
years, profitable side-issues would
assist me out, as I was handy with
carpenter's tools, and tinner's tools, and
adapted myself to various kinds of
work; but the most of this spare time
was spent working in the best stores.

My increased business prevents me
from giving my entire personal atten-
tion to each individual colonj', as well"

232

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

as I did with the few, and to realize
the best results, it requires active,
skilled assistance. It is necessary to
have knowledg^e of the requisites of a
good bee range in each locality. In
my section, I desire, in spring, the
willow, cotton wood, alfilaria, an
abundance of wild flowers, to build the
colonies. The wild alfalfa, black and
purple sages (the white sage is not
to be depended upon) and wild buck-
wheat and other fall flowers to keep up
brood rearing, to have plenty of young
bees for the winter. There are good
ranges here with only part of the
above forage, but conditions are also
different. Good water is a necessity;
and where water is scarce, then large
rain water tanks are a necessity, and
good, painted roofs and plenty of rain
fall to till them; calculating, from two
to four barrels of water per da}' in the
heat of the season.

Out-apiaries should be concentrated
as much as possible, but avoid over-
lapping the flight of the bees. If pos-
sible all out apiaries should verge to
the center, or the home apiarj', but this
cannot be always accomplished.

A line of apiaries could be located
closer when in a circle, providing one
had control of each side-territory for
three or four miles, but it is much bet-
ter not to overlap, and thus shorten the
flight of the bees. This is important.
Locating apiaries only one-half to a
mile apart, lessens production.

My apiaries are mainly located on
the north side of the mountains. Two
of them have the advantage of both the
north and south sides; the south side
commencing to bloom first, the north
side holding out longer, as the
moisture is retained longer hy means
of the shade of the mountains. These
apiaries are located down low and
it's easy for the bees to sail down with
their loads to the hives.

Two hundred colonies, spring count,
give the best results, for an apiary.
Not any apiary with 500 to 700, spring

count, can give as good results; the
bees have to fly too far; and the con-
fusion of flight, and of swarms, are
great and unprofitable compared to the
limited spring count.

The home-apiary should contain all
necessary appliances for general work;
the best of tools, a commodious ware-
house, a shop, extracting house, a com-
modious fumigating house, so as to
prevent all spare combs from being
destroyed by moth; and all of the above
buildings should be positively mouse,
rat, bee and moth proof. Avoid bear-
ings for mice and rats to reach, and
thej' will not gnaw through underneath
your floors. Screened windows and
doors are a convenience; then keep
them closed. Floors of bu i Id ings should
be elevated to let in the light and wind.

Gophers will fill in with soil under
low floors, and wood rats will fill up
with rubbish, and gnaw through.

These wood rats are the worst pests
to contend with. They are destructive
to hives and frames; and will carr}' off
everything they can move, even to the
worst filth. They carr_v oft' frame-
stuff, knives and forks, spoons, nails,
etc., and surround their nests as a
protection. Having a keg of nails, I
wished to use some, but the keg was
minus the nails. I found the nails in
the nest rusted together.

Each apiary, if large, should con-
tain a complete extracting outfit.

I have just completed an extracting
outfit on wheels. It is complete as can
be made, I shall use this in the bean
field and in the hills with small apia-
ries; still, m3' apiaries are not very
small. Nearly all of my apiaries have
complete extracting outfits. With this
extracting wagon, I can drive up to
each apiary and go right to work with
out loss of time and when through
drive to another.

The advantage of a complete outfit
for each apiary, is, that should a
heavy flow come at any time, it is pos-
sible to keep going at the same time.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

233

A wag-on could not get around in time
to give room for the bees. But these
heavy flows, of late years, are few and
far between. In fact, we have not had
a heavy flow for manj' years. It was
slow enough to keep up with the bees,
but how about flows I have seen here
when bees have filled up a two and
three story 10-frame hive in three days,
and it has been common to fill up in
five to six days, and crowd all the
brood out. I have lost enoug-h in such
flows to pay for many complete outfits.
An extracting from owe' apiary, amount-
ing to six tons, was lost, throug-h such
a flow. That was in the 80's. I
should mention that this extracting-
wagon is intended to haul bees, too,
for it is thoroughly screened, and
should any carelessness occur, not any
bees could reach the horses.

A good two-horse, 2,500 to two-ton,
market wag-on is required for hauling
hives, utensils, cans, cases, honey,
etc., in visiting- apiaries; one with a
side rack and end gates. This is a
great convenience as it prevents the
racking- and marring of hives, as well
as a saving of time from binding up
loads. Economy in labor and time is
money made, providing- it is properly
applied by honest helpers.

In the near future I shall connect my
largest apiaries by telephone, so as to
economize in time from needless visits,
and otherwise. I have had part of the
wire on hand for two years. All large
apiaries should have (during the
honey harvest) a man at each, and
more if the flow requires them. The
number of swarms lost here from the
lack of a man to care for them has
been great. Also, these same lost
swarms occupy your territory to your
detriment, for they increase every good
year.

It has paid me to have my hives made
at the mill. It is cheaper than buying
expensive machinery, as there is a
limit to the number of hives needed.
What I pay out for sawing andplaning-

would not pay for the machinery, let
alone the time consumed in sawing-,
and running chances of having fingers
and hands amputated.

I have better results from natural
swarming-, providing- I have competent
assistance. Swarms work with a
g-reater vig-or, but I try to avoid swarm-
ing- if possible.

For the past few years, extracted
honey has paid much the best, for the
reason of slow honey flows and short
seasons; and, also, so much unsightly
comb honev put on the market, badly
graded, that prices of comb honey are
too low for profit. Extracted sage
honey, by the car, has been sold for
6;/2 cts. and, later, would have brought
7c In good honey years comb in car
lots, has sold for only 6c, although
this was not up to the best quality,
yet it effected quotations. Small pro-
ducers have also affected prices.
Bees were run by let alone methods.
They had no bee journals to post them
on market prices, and took what they
could get. Very inferior, bad flavored
grades of honey are put into sections.
These low grades help lessen consump-
tion. This should be in the extracted
form for manufacturing purposes, and
would net the producer more in
quantity and better and more profitable
results.

Extracted honey tanks, properly
made, are of importance. They should
be of galvanized iron and cone top
with man-hole, good lid, and venti-
lated, and the capacity should be (in
California) from three to seven tons to
the hundred colonies, spring count.

So much room g-ives time for honey
to settle and clear from bubbles and
small particles of capping-s; although I
believe and practice ripening my hone3'
before extracting-. It will still increase
in body and flavor, when standing in
these tanks, with the tanks exposed to
the sun. Well ripened, and good
flavored honey is hard to imitate hy
adulteration. Extra tankage room is a

234

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

convenience for the reason that ive can
not alivays get cans on time in a heavy
honey flow. I lost in one apiary one
good extracting-, by not being- able to
g-et cans in time, which would have
amounted to six tons; besides the loss
of the working- force by bees crowding-
the brood out.

Cloth tops to honey tanks are a fail-
ure with me. They do not prevent
vermin and dust from getting- in, and
whatever evaporation is gained during
the day, is partially lost during wet,
dewy nights.

We have no winter problem; 40 to 50
or more pounds of honey left in a hive
at the close of the extracting season,
will put the bees through the winter
with plenty of young bees and strong
in numbers. Colonies left with only 15
to 20 pounds of honey do not breed up
so strong for the winter, and come
through in a weakened condition.

All particles of wax, such as brace
and burr combs should be cared for.
My annual scrapings of wax are suffi-
cient to pay a man's salary for a num-
ber of months. The wax wasted in
California amounts to many tons; but,
of late years, a small percentage is
saved.

A good sun extractor is a necessity,
and, if properly made, will pay for
itself many times over. I have tested
them thoroughly. The slumgum should
be taken (while hot) from the sun ex-
tractor and packed into moth proof
boxes until such time as convenient to
heat and press out by a wax press.
A good wax press is also a necessity
to a well-equipped apiary. If properly
constructed it will give profitable
results.

Slum gum contains from 25 to 45 per
cent, of wax, and comb contains from
60 to 85 per cent, of beeswax. This is
worth considering.

Years ago, previous to the use of the
press, my slum gum was used for fuel,
and, astheold comb was only partially
rendered, I lost tons of wax. The

refuse, from the press, when dried,
makes the best fuel — the heat from it is
intense.

Apiaries should be on gradual, slop-
ing grounds. That is my preference;
fur I can lay out the grounds to the
least confusion of bees, but level
grounds are good, if there are sufficient
and varied vegetation or trees to break
the monotony. I prefer the extracting
house at the lower side, with plenty of
fall for free flow of thick honey through
three-inch pipes to tanks below.

A well-equipped apiary should con-
tain the following with the buildings
mentioned in the fore part of this
article :

Three large, galvanized, cone-top
tanks for different grades of honey,
size of tanks acccording to size of
apiary.

One 4-to-8-frame Cowan reversible
extractor.

One"10-to-l5-gallon strainer.

One galvanized uncapping box, ca-
pacity sufficient to hold the cappings
of at least one good extracting.

Three Daisy vvheelbarrovvs with
carrying boxps for the barrows.

Bee brushes in plenty.

Two 3-to-4-inch painter's scrapers.

Three of Root's improved uncapping
knives. These knives are the best I
have seen.

One capping knife heater.

Three or four Corneil improved
smokers; these surpass any smoker 1
have ever used for service and dura-
bility.

One good broom in each building.

One good mop and requisites to
keep all clean.

Some carpenters' tools.

Two No. 3 soldering irons and solder
and resin and muriatic acid, small
pieces of zinc waste for reducing acid.

One pair tin-shears and other tools
if desired.

It is not necessary to have an exten-
sive equipment for small apiaries, and

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

235

a person can equip accordini^ to his
means. One handy with the tools can
save many a dollar in case of an
emerg'enc3', and if too far from a
mechanic.

I shall add a motive power to my ex-
tracting' room as it will save expense of
a man, do more rapid work, and ex-
tract comb.s much cleaner, as I have
had honey so thick that hand power
could not extract it clean; at least a
quarter of it remained in the comb and
was returned to the hives.

Work that is not rushing- should be
set aside for a rainy day So as to keep
men from idleness.

Perfect order and cleanliness is abso-
lutely necessary to prevent confusion in a
large business. To be neat and clean,
will add to sales and retain good
customers.

There should be shelter for wagons,
utensils, cases and cans.

One of my best ventures, was when I
employed skilled men to raise the best
of queens, adding greatly to the in-
come. I believe the results from a good
skilled man, to raise queens, will more
than pay for my help.

"Well," said a large producer here,
"why all this fuss, and order, and
bother, and skill ? They don't amount

to anything ! See our neighbor .

He gets as g-ood crops per colony as
we. Don't fuss with queens. He has
not any skill and his bees are not half
cared for." This was always taken
from spring- count, reg-ardless of losses
from foul brood, combs destroyed by
moth and other losses. His best col-
onies survived. It was a wonder he
had any left. Part of his bees were
lost from careless methods and would
have brought in good returns; and still
brought down the average of the whole
by his methods.

The above large pnxlucer, after
losing half of his bees since last fall,
or within six months, has hired a
skilled man to raise queens this com-
ing season. This producer is a skilled

mechanic, can rush work, and is
going "to do things."

Our greatest problem, in handling
large numbers of bees, is in securing-
reliable and conscientious helpers.
Advertising^for assistance has not been
altogether satisfactory. The majority
unconsciously over rate their own
ability. They have a limited amount
of the theoretical and much less of the
practical knowledge. Many have man-
aged small numbers of bees, and
worked in a slow fussy manner.
They have g-otten into a habit, or rut,
in doing things, and are set in their
ideas, causing much loss and worry,
at times when the work should ^o like
clock work.

In 1903, while I was at an out-apiary
for a few days, an old man went to
work at forced swarming (at my ex-
pense). The result was that part of
one apiary wrts ruined for a honey
crop. Many colonies were destroyed.
There was brood minus bees, larvae
in piles on the bottom boards, and
many of the bees departed.

Other helpers were capable, and fol-
lowed out orders. Skilled men are the
best, eve?i though they are slow, but an
active, skilled man is worth a higher
salary, for the advanced results derived
is a big- item. Orders obeyed, and
rapid work means advanced salary.
Sick, weakly men, cannot stand the
work to be done here in a good honey
flow. Many sickly men apply for
work, not realizing this fact.

A percentage of crop profits would
be an encouragement to conscientious
helpers and add much to the income.
I have had this in consideration for
some time. But how are we to get at
it ? With our varied, and so many
short seasons, it is a problem for me
to decide. I should be pleased to hear
from other producers on this subject;
give suggestions and see if we can g-et
at some conclusion. Bees on shares
has not always proven satisfactory.
Rent'of ranges, high rents, -take your

236

THE BEE-KEEPERS' KEVIE-W

Income. My rents run from $0 to $15,
$25, $50 and more. If we had a series
of good years, our rents would have
been greatly advanced. Rents should
not be above $25, but on these large
ranches, we have to pay higher. I
have splendid landlords, men of honor.
Poor ranges are dear at any price. A
good bee range is worth much more
rent, providing we could have a series
of good 3'ears.

The furthermost range is only three
miles from transportation by rail, and
50 miles from ocean steamers.

Ranges should be selected as close
as possible to transportation, or the
profits will be lost in hauling. It is
better to own your ranges, providing
you have control of territory, otherwise
it is better to rent from large ranch
owners who will protect you.

The season of 1904 has been disas-
trous to many bee men here. The loss
of bees has been great, and many have
given up the business.

Since I have been in this State I have
fed only about 500 lbs. of feed brought
from out side resources. One year I
fed 9 tons, that was in 1898; since then
I have fed about four tons of sun ex-
tracted honey, which I set aside for
that purpose.

I have always gotten my bees through
without mnch loss.

One neighbor lost 600, out of 1,200,
last fall with his warehouse full of
honey at that.

The extra amount of bees I have
gotten through has always paid well
for the expense of extra assistance for
a limited time of attention.

Ventura, Calif., Jan. 6, 1905.

'.G^w tlie Largest Bee°Il©epe-r li^ tSie

B. A. HADSELL.

^7HE time has fully come when, if we
^~ expect to compete with other in-
dustries and accomplish much, we
must get in line and run our business
on a large scale.

I received my boyhood education in
bee-keeping, in Ohio, nearly 40 j'ears
ago. The American Bee Journal was
my favorite source of knowledge, and I
studied everything to be found on the
subject. I, too, invented a movable
frame-hive, transferred bees and raised
queens; but wintering proved the hard-
est problem to solve.

Ten years ago I resolved to make a
business of bee-keeping, and, after a
thorough investigation in the alfalfa
valleys in Arizona, I commenced by
taking bees on shares, working o/er

store boxes into ten-frame Langstroth
hives. After building up the home
yard to about 300 colonies I commenced
establishing out-apiaries, and now
hcive an even dozen.

I live in the middle of an irrigated
valley, one mile and a half wide and
twenty miles long, containing about
eleven thousand acres in alfalfa, with
the river and heavy mesquite on one
side, desert and mesquite on the other.

My farthest out-apiaries are ten
miles east and ten miles west of home.
Myself, or other bee-men, have apiaries
of 100 to 200 colonies every mile or less,
throughout this valley. We usually
buy an acre or more on which to place
our apiary, or else pay a rent of 60 to
180 pounds of honey a year.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

237

As this valley carries about 18,000
head of cattle, including' a large dairy
interest, the alfalfa is mowed before it
yields much hone}', or else kept down
bj' the dairy herds. The mesquite is
frequently cut short by a week of
windy weather while in bloom. Our
valley is, therefore, heavily overstocked
with bees.

Alfalfa is the most regular honey
plant of the arid West, although it
does not produce honey from the first
crop in the spring-, nor late in the fall,
nor in damp climates, so I am told.
In the arid West, if allowed to bloom
during- the hot weather, and, especially
if left for a seed-crop, it yields, abund-
antly, a good quantity of amber honey.
Mesquite ;ind cat-claw, native brush
in the arid West, yield a very light
colored and mild flavored honey far
superior to the alfalfa honey for table
use.

It pays to plant willow and other
honey producing trees along- the
ditches, fences and road side.

THE NECKSSITY FOR SHADE IN THE ARID
WEST.

I set my hives close together, in
straight rows, on a border of dirt a few
inches high, and facing-out, with room to
pass between with a wheelbarrow. It
is very important that the row should
extend east and west, as all hives must
be shaded in summer to keep the combs
from melting. As the sun is low in the
horizon during the winter season it
will shine under a brush shed, keep-
ing the bees warm; while the sun pass-
ing over head in summer will be shut
off by the shed.

I make m}' sheds entirel}' of posts,
fence wire and brush, leaving room
under one end for extracting.

I find it much the cheapest to select
second-class lumber at $35 a thousand;
get our planing mill to rip it the
proper width, then g-ive the job of
making the hives to a cheap carpenter.
Family and farm hands make the

frames. We also make our own
foundation, putting full sheets in loose-
hanging-, wired frames.

My supers and brood-chambers are
interchangable, and so are the tops and
bottoms. The front end of the hives is
}i of an inch narrower to give a bee
space. The entrance to the super is
stopped up for winter. The family, or
farm-help, also paint the hives, tack-
ing tin over any knot liable to drop
out.

As the bees are flying- all winter,
they probably consume more honey
than bees in the Northern States.
They are left with their supers on, sit-
ting upon their summer stands.

I run my thirteen apiaries all for ex-
tracted honey, putting it up in 60-pound
cans. If conditions are favorable for
a big- honey flow earl3% I commence
feeding to stimulate breeding-, and
spread the brood as fast as the bees
can cover it. As soon as there are
signs of swarming-, I take brood from
them for increase; also practice
"shook-swarming" to some extent.

If a strong- swarm is made, and
allowed to raise a queen, the first one
that hatches is almost sure to come out
with a swarm, which I avoid by
dividing; giving each a cag-ed cell be-
fore the 14th day from the time the
swarm was made. In this way I hold
back and keep down natural swarming
until the honey flow starts in earnest,
when the bees are ready to give up
swarming and devote their attention to
storing honey.

Before this we visit the apiaries fre-
quently, going on horse back, with
bicycles, buggy or spring wagon.

I use a four-frame Cowan extractor,
hauling- it, tog-etiier with camping out-
fit, from shed to shed. A f^irm-hand
follows up to haul home the honey. In
case the bees bother, I set up a tent to
extract under. A honey-house screened
in on a wagon would be better. I hire
one or two hands at $30 per month, and
Mexicans at a dollar a day. M3' three

238

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

daug'hters being the fastest for uncap-
ping, and other light work, it saves
that many dollars per day.

I let no bees out on shares, as that
would be starting competitors. I sell
six tons of my best honey anually to
my home-trade.

When too busy to raise queens, I
order from other breeders to replace
those that are not doing good work.

In connection with the bee-business,

I have an alfalfa ranch of 120 acres, or
which I carry 200 head of stock. I
usually mow the first crop of alfalfa
before the extracting commences. Tht
stock take care of the alfalfa the resi
of the year. In this way I have steady
work for hired help the year around
I haul my alfalfa honey, with four- oi
six-horse teams, 35 miles, and ship i
in car load lots.

Buckeye, Arizona, Jan. 11, 1905.

ii-v^^A^-Q^

'eteiraim^

e^ardini

.ee'piime, SkS Si o©iiaf3i^Sio

JAMES HEDDON.

yRIEND HUTCHINSON, not in
^ manj^ a day have I read in the
Review a brighter contribution than
the one on pages 212 and 2I3, under
your caption of "A red hot letter."
The writer writes clearly and to the
point, and there is no more fog con-
nected with his opinions than with his
manner of expressing them.

Reference to back numbers of the
American Bee Journal and Gleanings
will remind you that the "burning"
truths your correspondent refers to,
were burning and discovered many
years ago. I well remember one writer
who, after extolling the get-rich-quick
profits of bee-keeping was reminded
that a truth might be told so many
times that it would become a falsehood.
Once there was a good profit in honey
production, but the big supply dealers
had to have it, and with their journals
of wide circulation, they soon trans-
ferred it from the producing class to
the middle men; and it was done by
the same old road.

I have no longer any personal dollar
and cent interest in it, as the unknown
brood disease has reduced me, within

tvv'o years, to only 17 colonies. Fron
Washington, (Prof. Prank Benton
proprietor) I received a circular lettei
inquiring as to whether I had any dis
ease in my apiary; and then, very ap
propriately (I thought) I wrote to tlw
great Prof, all about my experiences
and observations relating tothediseast
mentioned above, but just as I expected.
I received no reply; no doubt because
the Prof. 's bureau doesn't contain anj
information on the subject. The Prof
is too busy counting the stripes on c
yellow-jacket just discovered by c
Hottentot in Timbuctoo. The "Prof.'
and his Washington "Bureau," are £
unique pair. There is nothing com-
mon place about the whole busines.s,
except the salary, wliich is prettj
small, their being so many things the
Prof, needs. Let us all petition Con-
gress to raise that salary.

Some experience with black brood.

Concerning the disease in question,
supposed by some to be "Black Brood"
(whatever that is) I discover nothing
d/ar^ about it. Of course it is /toi foul
brood; however, it depletes the diseasedj

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

239

colonies faster, but I think, is not so
contajfious. It seems to strike the col-
onies almost exclusively, early in
spring-, say March and April, and they
run down rapidly. I am looking- for
it to pass on, leaving- the wreck free
from g-erms; but I am not trusting- to
that theory, as I am keeping over 200
sets of hives and combs carefully away
and apart from any that have been out
of doors since the disease struck my
yard.

WANTS TO KNOW WHERE THE FISH BITE.

I have just returned from a fishing-
excursion in the northwestern part of
Wisconsin, (Chetek, Barron Co.) and
I did not see any of the big- Wisconsin
woods, "thickly studded with bass-
wood,'" that we read about. We found
excellent ang-ling-, on beautiful waters,
but didn't see the basswoods we looked
for while railroading- over the "North-

western" by daylight. I wish I could
get a flood of letters from your Wiscon-
sin subscribers, each vying with the
other in describing excellent angling
streams and lakes, not overrun with
visiting fishermen; a nice, quiet place,
where a row boat easily reaches the
best grounds. I will gladly reward
any Bro. bee-keeper or angler who
will direct me to a good boarding house,
close to a water teeming with black
bass; muskallunge, in addition, gladly
accepted. In exchange, I might be
able to show him something new and
acceptable in fishing tackle, if not in
practical bee-keeping. Least ways,
we could enjoy some good bee talks
when the fish didn't bite good. Who
can and will give me the desired in-
formation ?

DowAGiAC, Mich., July 2l, '05.

^'^>^^^r^"Wt-^^^^^^^^<:^

© HiEnt^s ©m Locatllini^ aii(

Mama^

>UEt°Yardl!

D. E. LHOMMEDIEU.

VOU ask for

some hints in the
"spreading out business. " Well,
as I now have six yards, I will say:

1st. One needs to study up the honey
out-look most thoroughly, as locations
vary greatly in going even two or three
miles here in central Iowa.

2nd. After the location is deter-
mined upon, the next thing in order is
to be careful in choosing the man or
family; if there are wind breaks, shade,
suitable room, a cellar, or chance to
build cave, then "approach the home."
It may take more than one trip to get
the people over the "scare" of bees.
I give one-tenth of the surplus honey,
whether it be great or small, to pay
for the ground the apiary occupies; in

fact, I had rather do so, as then the
parties are all interested. I stand
ready to move the bees away at any
time, but am frequently requested by
others to come and "start a yard at
their place."

3rd. It is out of the question to run
an out yard without some kind of a
store house or bee house to work in;
and it ought to be right among the
bees; 12x12 will answer, but 12x16 is
much better.

4th. I would rather start with 20 to
40 hives and work up to 100, than to
move so many bees at once.

5th. Number your bees in each yard ;
get a small book for each yard and

240

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

leave it there. Number the pages of
the book to correspond with the hive
numbers, and note down the condition,
each time you go over the yard, giving
the date, etc. If you keep such a book,
it will save you hours everj' time you
run over a yard; and you will soon
learn from which queen to rear drones
and queens.

6th. You will need to adopt some
system of management so that bees

will not need to be watched in swarm-
ing time.

7th. Yards need to be located four
to six miles apart, and as near to the
home 3'ard as locations will permit.

8th. You, dear reader, if intending
to gather some nectar around your
locality, will need a good stepping
team — one that can haul a load, too,
if need be.

Colo, Iowa, Dec. 15, 1904.

)ini(By

dairies nim

A. LAIMG.

T MAY say, by way of introduction,
i that I know of no good reason why
any wide awake, intelligent, practical
apiarist cannot make a success of out-
apiaries, providing he has good loca-
tions in which to place them. This
point, of course, eacli will have to
decide for himself. Further, I know
of no obstacles worth mentioning in
connection with out-apiaries, to a man
who is not afraid of hard work, except
swarming; and that means a lot of
trouble. Still, this difficulty has been,
and is, being surmounted by practical
men.

Before starting an out-apiary I
would have at least 150 colonies in the
home-yard. If it is a good location, I
should consider it much better to do a
little stimulative feeding, if necessary,
in the home-yard, at times when the
bees are not gathering sufficient to
keep them breeding properly, than to
be driving from six to ten miles from
once to three times a week throughout
the season to look after half a yard
of bees at a distance.

Unless men wish to work themselves
nearly to death, it will be necessary to

go to considerable expense for each
3'ard, so it is best not to be in too big a
hurry to start an extra one.

Let us suppose, however, that you
have secured your l.'iO colonies, and
wish to establish an out-apiary. The
first thing to be decided is the loca-
tion. This must be carefull3' selected
by looking over the ground to see that
you have a plentiful supply of clover,
basswood, or other bloom that will be
its equal for honey; as well as early
and late flowers. Also it is very im-
portant that the apiary should be
located in a sheltered spot, where the
bees can have plenty of shade during
the hot summer days.

I consider it advisable to have a
written agreement for lease of ground,
say for one or two years, with the
option of staying five years if you de-
sire. By this arrangement, if you
find the locality is not satisfactory,
you can leave at the close of the first
year or two; if it is good, you have a
five years' lease, and the landlord
can't kick you out because one of the
children get stung. Just here I think
it better that the apiary be located a

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

241

little distance from the house; sa}' 100
yards, this will reduce to a minimum
the dang-er of trouble with the children.
I would not think of locating- an out-
yard less than three miles distant, and
if it can be arrang-ed near an electric
car line, or railway station, you will
likel3' find the car or train cheaper
than a horse and rig-. I have both my
out-apiaries located along- the railway,
and I use the train back and forth,
' and find it very satisfactory. I think
an automobile delivery wag-on with
which one could move bees and sup-
plies would be the best thing-, but,
alas, we poor mortals have not the
wherewithal.

HAVE A BUILDING AND SKT Ol' TOOLS AT
KACH YARD.

Having: selected the location I would
next proceed to erect a g-ood, firm,
substantial building, say, 12 x 1(> feet.
This, in my judgment, is larg-e enough;
and it must be put up in panels
throug-hout, and bolted together, so
that, should occasion arise, the whole
building- could be taken apart, moved
several miles, and put up ready for
use again.

At each yard I keep a complete set of
tools, even to the extractor, and this is
almost absolutely necessary, unless
one has at least two supers of drawn
combs for each hive, as, otherwise,
with a sing-le super, the bees will get
blocked up with honey, and much time
and honey be lost thereby. If one had
an abundance of drawn combs one ex-
tractor would do for several yards.

USE CHAFF HIVKS AND WINTER BEES
OUT OF DOORS.

I keep my bees in double-walled
hives, and I put on the top packing-
about the middle of September; and,
some years, the last of Aug-ust;
and have never seen them ag-ain
until April, and I g-enerally find them
in g-ood shape. If the hives are placed
with the entrances at least 12 inches

above theg-round, the shoveling- of snow
away from the entrances will be un-
necessary in most locations, unless it
be very near spring-. My entire loss in
my double-walled hives, last winter,
with all its terrible cold weather, was
only about 20 per cent., and this, mind
you, included the loss during- the
spring- from weak and queenless colon-
ies; and a lot of the colonies were in
poor shape in the fall, and I never
went hear the apiary from the first of
October until about the first of April;
at which time many of the hives were
yet in a foot or more of snow. I dug-
them out, and, in an hour's time, they
were flying- as thoug-h it were July.
This proves conclusively, to my mind,
that out door wintering is still a g-rand
success. Of course, if one desires to
use the single-walled hive, they can do
so, and have all sorts of hard work,
but, if you want to make a real g-ood
thing- out of an out-apiary, with practi-
cally no disagreeable work, and not
much work of a?/j kind, put your bees
in double-walled, 10-frame hives, with
a deep entrance full width of the hive,
and 3'ou are ready for business.

I say 10-frame hives, because they
give stronger colonies, are less likely
to swarm, and last, but not least, they
seldom require feeding, and this is
very important in an out-apiary.

Who shall make the hives ? If you
are a good mechanic, and can cut
lumber to the thirty-second of an inch,
make them yourself ; if you can't make
them right, get them from the supply
men, no matter 7i'/iai they cost; then
paint them and keep them painted so
you will never have to replace them.

Just a word further as to the en-
trance of my hive the bottom of the
hive is on the slant, giving about ^ of
an inch space under the frames at the
back and 1% inches at the front. The
entrance is flush with the inside wall,
and is about an inch deep, and 1%
inches flush with the outside wall, and
full width of hive. I have a tapering

242

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

block that just fills this entrance, and,
across one side of the block, is cut a
long- notch, }i x6 inches, for use as a
winter entrance.

On top of the hive, under the cover,
I use a five-inch rim covered on the
bottom with cotton and filled with fine
sawdust.

Now, if m3' bees have plent\' of
honey, all I have to do to prepare the
hive for the winter, is to slip in my en-
trance block, and put on my fray of
sawdust, and I can prepare 100 col-
onies for winter in from 3 to 4 hours,
with the greatest of ease.

KEEP A MAN AT EACH YARD IN SWARM-
ING TIME.

Now, as to that thorn in the path of
the bee-keeper — The Swarming Problem
— from personal experience, from con-
versation with expert bee-keepers, and
from reading-, I have concluded that
the best solution of the difficulty,
though not the only one, is to first select
a real g-ood location, one that will
carry from 115 to 150 colonies, and then
carefully select a young man, or a boy
of 17 or 18 years, upon whoin you can
rely to carry out your instructious to
the letter, and put him in charge of
your yard. If you have to pay him
$1.00 or even $1.25, per day, don't
growl; he is well-worth it, for he will
look after all your swarms, and ex-
tract nearly all 3'our honey at that
yard, and you will have very little of
either work or worry. You will re-

quire this man for two months, and his
wages will amount to about $50 or $60,
and if he saves eight or ten good
swarms from going off to the woods,
the bees and the honey will be worth
the amount of his wages; and the tak-
ing ofif of the crop you get free of
charge, as well as being relieved from
several days of the most arduous work
destroying queen cells, looking over
colonies, etc.

Further, with a man in charge, you
are not obliged to have more than one
super, as he can extract the honey as
soon as it is ripe; thus giving the bees
room and keeping them hustling.

As to the securing of increase in this
locality, our honey flow is over about
vhe 20th of July, and if all good colo-
nies were divided at that time, and a few
barrels of sugar used, an increase of
100 per cent, can be secured very
cheaply.

PRODUCE EXTRACTED HONEY.

As to whether you shall produce
comb or extracted honey, I would say
produce the one that will give you the
most money; and 90 times out of 100,
with bee-keepers as they run, that
means extracted honey.

To produce a fancy article of comb
honey requires exceedingly skillful
management, and if it is to be oro-
duced in out-apiaries I would say it
would require the wisdom of a Sol-
omon, and that, I am afraid, the novice,
at least, has not got.

Hamilton, Onl., Can., Jan. 3, 1905.

5

Itorl

The Western Bee Journal has been
sold to Orchard and Farm, a monthl3'
published at San Francisco, and will
henceforth be published as an apiarian
department of that publication, with
Mr. Adelsbach as editor.

Nominations of Candidates for officers
to be elected next November by the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association are
now in order. I have received from
the General Manager a notice that
nominations are to be made for candi-

THE BEE-I^EEPERS' REVIEW

243

dales to succeed the following' officers,
whose terms of office expire January 1,
1906.

President, Jas. U. Harris; Vice
President, C. P. Dadant; Secretary,
W. Z. Hutchinson; General Manag'er
and Treasurer, N. E. France; Direc-
tors, J. M. Hamhaugh, C. A. Hatch
and Dr. C. C. Miller.

All members of the National are re-
quested to send their votes on a postal
card, or by letter, to N. E. France,
Platteville, Wisconsin, thereby ex-
pressing their choice of candidates to
succeed each of the above mentioned
officers. Votes must reach Mr. France
by September 20th. The two men re-
ceiving the highest number of votes for
each respective office will be considered
the candidates to be voted for at the
annual election in November.

» •u«*«^^*'«^«

Are You a Bee-Keeper in Michigan ?

If so, you should join the Micliigan
State Bee-Keepers' Association. This
Association is not alone for those who
make bee-keeping their chief business
in life. It is just as anxious to have
those who keep a few bees as a hobby
or side-issue. The Association can
help you. Those who make it their
chief business got their start much the
same way as you got yours. The An-
nual Conventions are practical, in-
structive, and fraternal in spirit.
Outside of the regularly prepared
program, the exchange of ideas of one
bee-keeper with another, perhaps sev-
eral together, is worth the whole trip
to the Convention. You meet men there
who stand high in the business of bee-
keeping, men whose names you are
familiar with in the journals.

The Association is helping the bee-
keeper to sell his honey. It is getting
out 5,000 booklets giving the names and
addresses of its members, together
with the kind and quantity of honey
each has to sell, sending the booklet

out to leading grocers and buyers of
honey, thereby creating a larger
demand; and the logical outcome will
be better prices.

If you are a bae-keeper in Michigan
you cannot afford not to belong to the
Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion. Send one dollar to the acting
Secretary, E. M. Hunt, Bell Branch,
Mich., and this will also make you a
member of the National Association
with its report and protection of your
interests.

»«U««'«.^«*»«'«

Some Suggestions Regarding Candidates
for Office in the National.

In another column will be found a
call for votes to nominate candidates
for election to office in the National
Association. I know there are a few
in our ranks who are opposed to any
discussion regarding the merits or
choice of possible candidates, but I do
not agree with those views. I think
nothing should be published that would
wound the feelings of any present
officer, or wny possible candidate, but
the good points of possible candidates
can be pointed out without doing this;
and I am going to show you how it
may be done.

First is the office of President. The
man who occupied the chair last year
at St. Louis, Mr. Jas. U. Harris, of
Grand Junction, Colo., is one of the
best presiding officers we ever had — •
perhaps the best — but, for many years,
we have been following the plan of
giving the President two terms, and
then passing the honor on to some one
else — usually to the Vice President. If
this practice is continued, it will place
in the chair for the next two j^ears, the
present Vice President, Mr. C' P. Da-
dant, of Hamilton, Ills. For this
reason, I shall vote for Mr. Dadant as
our next President. As a candidate
for Vice President, I shall vote for Mr.
Geo. E. Hilton, of Fremont, Michi-
gan. Mr. Hilton is a man of fine ad-

244

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

dress and pleasing manner, well versed
in parliamentary usages, from hav-
ing- passed several terms in our Legis-
lature. That he makes a model pre-
siding officer I know from having seen
him in the chair at our Michigan State
conventions.

As a successor to mj'self as Secre-
tary, I shall take pleasure in voting
for Jas. A. Green, of Grand Junction,
Colo. Mr. Green is a practical bee-
keeper, knowing well what will be of
interest to that class. He is also a
good scholar, and a fine penman, and
would, I believe, make an ideal Secre-
tary.

It is doubtful if we ever secure a
better General Manager than the pres-
ent incumbent, Mr. N. E. France, of
Platteville, Wisconsin, but, as an op-
position candidate, I would suggest
Mr. Frank Kauchfuss, of Denver,
Colo. Mr. Rauchfuss is well educated,
energetic, a good organizer, and he has
had a lot of experience in this line as
Manager of the Colorado Honey Pro-
ducers' Association. I don't care to
see the office pass out of the hands of
Mr. France, but, if it should go, I can
think of no one to whom I would sooner
see it go than to Mr. Rauchfuss.

As a possible successor to Mr. J. M.
Hambaugh, of San Marcos, of Calif.,
1 would suggest the name of Mr. M. H.
Mendelson, of Ventura, Calif. Mr.
Mendelson has had years of experience
as a bee-keeper upon a large scale, and
would, I am satisfied, work unselfishly
for the good of the Association.

As a candidate for the position of
Director, for Wisconsin, to take the
place of C. A. Hatch, of Richland
Center, I would suggest Mr. Fanklin
Wilcox, of Mauston. Mr. Wilcox has
had years of experience not only in the
apiary, but in attending exhibitions,
associations, etc., and is well-stocked
with good common sense.

To succeed Dr. C. C. Miller, of
Marengo, Ills., as Director. I would
suggest Mr. M. M. Baldridge, of St.

Charles, 111. Mr. Baldridge, like Mr.
Wilcox, has had years of experience,
in the apiary, and in attending conven-
tions, and is well known as a bright,
shrewd, well-informed man, who would
do his best in the interests of pro-
ducers.

Now then, having made these sugges-
tions, let me say that they are no re-
flection, whatever, upon the present
officers whose terms expire with the
3'ear. I don't know that an}' fault has
been found with them, and they will
all be re-elected, for ought that I know,
but, as to their possible successors, I
have made up a "slate,'' and if any-
body wishes to make up a different
one, the columns of the Review will be
found open for its publication.

I might add that I have not consult-
ed with any of the men whom I have
suggested as candidates, and don't
know whether they would accept or
not.

d^^^ «*jr*.a^rf^

Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs,
For 15 years I did not miss making
an annual exhibit of bees and honej'
at our State fair; and, for three or four
years, I also made exhibits at the
State fairs of Indiana, Wisconsin,
Illinois and Missouri. It will not pay
to travel from State to State with an
exhibit unless the exhibit is unusually
large and attractive — enough so as to
win the lion's share of the premiiuns.
On the other hand, it will not pay to
get up a large, expensive exhibit, un-
less it is to be exhibited at several
fairs. In order to thus make a
"circuit" of several State fairs, it is
necessary to charter a freight car, and
travel with the exhibit. In no other
way is it possible to avoid fatal delays
at transfer points. The work is ter-
ribly hard; there is the packing up at
night, and travelling nights in a
freight car, the "hurrah boys" of get-
ting upon the grounds and the exhibit
set up in time, and the friendly rivalry
with competitors, but there is a fascixi-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

245

ation about it that, to an old exhibitor,
is almost irresistible.

There has been, in times past, some
opposition to these apiarian exhibits,
on the ground that they were often
made bj^ supply dealers who, in their
eagerness to do business, did not hesi-
tate to urge a man to become a bee-
keeper, in order to eifect a sale. If the
fruit of the seel sown at these gather-
ings r/'if^^ a crop of producers, I might
admit that, possibly, there would be
some injury to existing bee-keepers,
but, after the experience that I have
had, I am thoroughly convinced that
nothing of the kind occurs; in fact, the
exhibition of hives, implements, and
large quantities of honey tastily put
up, impresses the crowd with the true
importance, magnitude and complexity
of modern bee culture; imparting the
idea that the bee business is quite a
business — one that cannot be picked up
and learned in a day by some Tom,
Dick or Harry.

Anything that increases the con-
sumption of honey is a benefit to the
pursuit; and, as usually managed,
these bee and honey shows call the at-
tention of crowds of people to the excel-
lence and deliciousness of honey as a
food; and the producer and consumer
are boug^ht face to face. At a fair,
people are abroad with a disposition
for sig-ht-seeing, investigation, and the
purchase of novelties and nick-nacks;
and a fine display of honey, together
with its sale in fancy packages, can
not help benefiting the exhibitor as
well as the pursuit. Honey to be sold
at fairs ought to be put up in small
packages. It may be difficult to put it
up in packages so small as to be sold
at five cents each, but I believe it has
been done, while there has been no
difficulty in putting honey in packages
that may be sold for 20 or 25 cents
each. People at fairs don't wish to be
burdened with heavy or bulky pack-
ages, and the honey must be put up in
such shape that it can be eaten on the

grounds, or else carried in the pocket
or hand bag with no danger of leak-
iige. I remember that, one year, at
the Michigan State fair, Mr. H. D.
Cutting sold nearly $40 worth of honey
put up in pound and half-pound,
square, glass bottles and in glass
pails. One year, at the Detroit Expo-
sition, at least 1,500 pounds of "honey
jumbles" were sold at a cent apiece,
by three exhibitors in the bee and
honey department. These "jumbles"
are made with honey instead of sugar,
and, for this reason, retain the desired
amount of moisture for a long time.
In sellings them at a fair a box of them
is opened, jilaced upon the counter, and
tipped slightly outwards, so the visit-
ors can easily look into it. The cakes
are round with a hole in the middle,
and the upper side is of a golden yel-
low, with a sort of granular appear-
ance that is very inviting. This side
of the cake is turned uppermost.
Paper sacks are filled with cakes, put-
ting five in a sack, and a neat placard
announces: "Honey Jumbles; Made
with Honey Instead of Sugar. Five in
a Sack and Five Cents a Sack." An-
other thing that may be sold at an
apiarian exhibit with even greater
profit than the honey jumbles, is honey
lemonade — if tlie weather is hot, if it
isn't, there is no use of attempting its
sale. Here is the way to make it: In-
to 12 quarts of water squeeze the juice
of a dozen lemons, add two pounds of
basswood honey and a teacupful of
sugar. Basswood honey being of such
a strong flavor, gives more of a honey
flavor. Keep the lemonade cool with
ice in some large vessel. I used a
stone ware churn. Keep on the counter
a glass pitcher filled with lemonade,
putting in small pieces of ice, also r^
a few slices of lemon. Then have
a placard read: "Honey lemonade:
Most Delicious Drink on the Grounds;
Only Five Cents a Glass." I have
sold as high as $20 worth of this in one
hot afternoon, and the profits are at

246

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

least three-fourths. Such exhibitions
and sales certainly do the pursuit of
bee-keeping- no harm, while they bring-
a profit to the exhibitor.

Neither ought the social feature to
be overlooked. Every bee-keeper at-
tending-the fair hunts up the "Bee and
Honey Department," and only one who
has been at an exhibition knows of the
many new acquaintances thus formed,
and the old ones that are renewed. It
is well to have one day set apart as
"Bee-Keepers' Day," giving- the date
in advance in all of the bee journals.
Then all bee-keepers will be present
on the same day. When possible to do
so, it is an excellent plan for two or
three, or more, exhibitors to club to-
gether and take a tent, or a portable
house, each bringing his share of bed-
ding, provisions and utensils, and live
a la picnic during the fair. Some' of
the happiest hours of my life have been
spent in going through just such ex-
periences with boon companions.

I doubt very much if the exhibition
of bees at fairs is any great advantage
to the pursuit. The most that can be
said in its favor is that they attract at-
tention. There is certainly no neces-
sity of exhibiting full colonies, unless it
might be at some permanent exhibition
that is to last several months, when
the bees can be allowed to fly a la
house apiar}', provided the apiarian
department is on the second floor. A
single-comb nucleus with a queen and
a few drones and workers, together
with the brood in different stages of
development, can be made to show
more that is really interesting than
can be shown with a full colony.

Of course it is impossible to goon and
cover, in detail, all the points in re-
gard to the planning and putting up of
an apiarian display, as circumstances
vary greatly, but here are a few hints:
Extracted honey should be shown in
glass. Not in common green glass,
but in white, flint class. Have tin foil
over the corks, and small, tasty labels.

Aim to get a white, or light colored,
background for extracted honey. A
dark color gives it a dull, or muddj',
appearance. I know of nothing better,
or more appropriate, for this purpose,
or as a background for any apiarian
display, than honey producing plants
pressed and mounted on white card
boards and the cards tacked upon the
wall back of the exhibit. A pyramid
of extracted honey in bottles, in front
of a window, is a beautiful sight; the
light "shimmering and glimmering,"
as it passes through the bottles and
their contents. Comb honey must be
in cases with glass next the comb.
For several years, I exhibited honej'
built up into a circular pyramid.
First there was made a stout, board
wheel, perhaps eight feet in diameter.
This was placed perhaps two feet from
the floor, being supported by blocks or
boxes. Attached to the edge of this
wheel, and hanging down, for all the
world like a woman's skirt, was a sort
of valance made of blue cambric orna-
mented with some design of gilt paper
fastened on with paste. Around the
edge of the wheel, upon its upper sur-
face, was set a row of shipping cases
of comb honey, with the glass sides
turned out. On top of this row was
set another row, the cases of this row
"breaking joints" with theones below.
Perhaps four rows were placed in this
manner, then the cases were turned so
that the long way of the cases faced
outwards, a fewer number of cases
making a row that was slightly smaller
than the others. Perhaps four rows
were put up in this style, then they
were again changed so thatthe narrow
ends were outwards, which again re-
duced the size of the circle. In this
manner the size of the circles was
gradually diminished as the pyramid
increased in height, until its top was
only about two feet across. That
these cases might not be jarred out of
place they were tastened to one another
by means of small wire nails. Upon

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

247

the top of this p^'ramid was set a large
number of two-oound, square bottles
of honey. On top of the bottles was
laid a platform of glass made by put-
ting together two sheets of double
strength glass, bound together at the
edges with cloth pasted on and covered
with gilt paper. Upon the glass plat-
form was set more bottles, then an-
other sheet of glass a little smaller
than tlie iirst one, and so on up,
until a p3'ramid of extracted hone}'
was constructed upon the pyramid
of comb hone}', the former being sur-
mounted by a huge boquet of golden
rod. I remember building one such
pyramid that was 16 feet in height.
The spaces between the outer ends of
the cases in the comb honey part of the
P3'ramidwere filled with small, "dime"
bottles of honey. By thus combining
the comb and extracted honey display,
one "sets off" the other; in fact, my
competitors sometimes complained of
this, put it was their privilege to have
taken advantag^e of this fact had they
so chosen. Mr. M. H. Hunt one year
had a castle in which the pillars were
cases of comb honey piled up, and the
balustrade was formed from panels of
beautifully molded beeswax.

There is seldom a fair ground with
no bees near it, hence, no honey should
be exposed. All honey should be shut
up close, and no stickiness left on the
outside of the package. Wax should
be molded in to fanciful shapes — statues,
or something of that sort, if the exhi-
bitor has the skill to make them.
Fruits, vegetables, ears of corn, and
the like, may be made of wax by first
making molds, of plaster of Paris,
from the objects themselves. It is not
necessarj' that the articles be solid
wax. First soak the molds in water,
then pour in a small quantitx'of melted
wax, close the molds, and then immed-
iately shake them vigorously while the
wax is cooling, thus coating the inside
of the molds with wax. When the

wax is cool it will come out all in one
piece.

Let the beg^inner not try to show a
multiude of things, but let what he
does show be as good as it is possible
to make it. Competition is so very
keen, at least where the premiums are
liberal, that it is folly to expect pre-
miums on second-class articles.

A judge should never be compelled to
take an exhibitor's word for anything.
Let the article exhibited show for itself.
Don't offer premiums on samples of
different kinds of huney, when they
can be so easily gotten up for the occa-
sion by mixing. Don't put at the head
of the list such requirements as:
"Honey must be of this season's crop;"
or, "Must be the product of the exhib-
itor;" when there is no way of know-
ing whether they are lived up to or
not.

In my experience one man to award
the premiums, and he an expert, has
given better satisfaction than three
judges. It is difficult and expensive to
get three men that are experts, and,
even then, the work is not always done
so conscientiously, because it is not so
easy to place the responsibility; each
being able to shield himself behind the
"other two. "

Upon this point of judging', there is
one other point often neglected that
ought to be printed in connection with
the premium list, and that is a "scale
of points" for deciding in regard to the
merits of exhibits. Particularly is
this true in regard to honey. I would
suggest the following: Color, 5; body,
5; flavor, 5; comb — straightness, 5;
color of cappings, 5; completeness of
capping, 5; uniformity, 10; style, 10.
Possible number of points, 50. By
"uniformit}'" is meant the closeness of
resemblence in the sections composing
a specimen. "Stj^le" includes the at-
tractiveness of the section and case;
also the absence of propolis.

If a bee-keeper is going to make an
exhibit of apiarian products, it often
happens that he can also make exhib-

248

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

its in other departments of the fair. I
have exhibited photo^Taphs in the art
department, canned fruit in the fruit
department, and tlie wife and children
have sent thing's to their respective de-
partments. In addition to this, wlien
making a "circuit" of the fairs I used
to write them up for the Country
Gentleman, getting paid for the work.
Fairs, come in the fall, after the busy
season is over with the bees, and if a
man has the time, taste and abilit}^ for
this kind of work, going from one
State to another, as I have done, he
can probabl}' clear $10 a day for five
or six weeks in the fall. It is scarce!}'
worth while to prepare for tlie work,
however, unless there is some expecta-
tion of following it for several 3'ears.

Just a few parting words to the be-
ginner: If you make an exhibit at a
fair, don't get excited. Keep cool and
have patience. Many unpleasant things
may occur, but don't worry over them;
and, above all, don't let the loss of ex-
pected premiums so "sour" you as to
spoil your own enjoyment and that of
your comrades. When you leave home

have everything in readiness, as nearly
as possible, to put right up. Pack
everj'thing carefully, but in such a
manner that it can be quickly and
easily unpacked. I used to pack the
square bottles of honey in boxes fur-
nished with partitions of cellular board,
a la egg-crate, and, to pack the bottles
it w.TS only necessary to drop them
into the openings, and nail down the
cover. If the package does not indicate
its contents, then mark it in some way.
Never be compelled to open box after
box in an exasperating hunt for some-
thing that must be had at once. And
when the fair is over, don't "go crazy"
to get off the grounds the next minute.
I have known of men sitting up all
night swearing, and sweating, and
fuming, because "their car didn't
come, '' or something of that sort, and
we all went out on the same train the
next'morning. At the close of a large
fiiir, an immense amount of goods are
on the grounds; they have been several
days in accumulating, and it is impos-
sible to move them all in an hour's
time.

FINDING QUEENS.

Some Most Excellent Hints for Doing This
Kind of Work.

Findinga queen in a populous colonj'
of blacks or hybrids is a difficult task
for a novice, and is often quite a tax
upon the skill of a professional bee-
keeper. Twice, this season, with a
populous colony of hybrids, have I been
compelled to give up the job for the
time-being. This need not occur very
often if the operator understands his
business, and the best instructions that
I ever saw on the subject come from

my old friend Doolittle, and appear
in the American Bee Journal of July
6th. Here is what he says:

To tind a black or hybrid queen
often baffles an expert, to say nothing
of the novice. Much care at the be-
ginning is the great secret of success.
If possible let the work be done be-
tween the hours of 10 a. m. and 2 p. m.,
when the largest number of field-bees
are generally out at work, so that the
hive is not congested with bees.

Open the hive slowly witiiout a jar,
and use as little smoke as possible.
Be very careful not to kill a single bee,
for if bees are killed the colony is
liable to resent it, this causes so much
smoke to be used in quieting them that
the whole mass is likely to be
"stampeded," under such conditions it

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

249

is nearly impossible to find any queen
of any race.

Having' the hive opened, remove the
comb next to the side of the hive near-
est you first, and sit on the east side
of the hive during' the forenoon, and
the west side during' the afternoon,
thus allowing' the sunlight to strike the
side ot the combs next to the operator.
As soon as the first comb is examined,
set it in a box or empty hive, placing'
the same on the side farthest froin you.
On removing- the second comb from the
liive, g-lance down upon the side of the
:omb in the hive which was next to the
ane you have now raised, before you
look at the one you ha"e now in your
hands. If the queen is on that side of
the comb, she will immediately, upon
the strong' sunlight striking' her, com-
mence to run around the comb to g'et out
3f the light. If you do not see her at
ance (which you will be apt to do if
she is there, as the strong- lig'ht strik-
ing' against the side of the abdomen as
she is running', will arrest your atten-
tion as nothing- else would), then look
3n the side of the comb you hold in
your hand that is the farthest from you,
as the queen is sure to be on one of the
iark sides of the combs. If she is not
seen here, set this comb in the box up
against the one that you put in first.

Proceed in this manner until the
frames are taken from the hive and
placed in the box, unless you find the
the queen sooner. If not found, pro-
ceed to look in any corner of the hive
wherever you see little clusters of
bees, for if the queen is very shy she
nay leave the combs and run down into
:he corners of the hive. Not finding'
:he queen in the hive proceed to take
:he combs from the box in the same
)rder you took them from the hive, and
glance the combs over in the same
vaj', and in nine cases out of ten any
me should find an3' queen before the
;ombs are all back in the hive again,
;ven if the colony is composed of black
)ees in their puritj', and the operator
s only a novice.

As noted at the beg'inning', care at
he start so as not to stampede the
)ees, is the g'reat secret of success, and
his coupled with a strong lig'ht and a
nowledg'e of how any queen behaves
nder such conditions, gives you the
ey to the whole matter.
As Mr. Doolittle well-says, the time
f the day when the work is done has
inch to do with the success of the
ndertaking. Many times this sum-

mer, when looking for queens in the
middle of the day, I have been struck
with the almost deserted appearance of
the combs. At least four-fifths of the
bees were in the fields. Still further,
the majority of the bees remaining in
the hive were young bees that are less
inclined to run about, take wing, and
make a disturbance.

Too much stress can not be placed
upon the importance of opening the
hive carefully, and with the use of as
little smoke as possible. So long as
the bees will remain quietly, and
evenly distributed over the combs, the
search for the queen can be hope-
fully continued, but once they are
"stampeded," begin to run belter
skelter, gather in bunches, and upon
the sides of the hive, there is onlj'
about one chance in 100 that the queen
will be found.

Then there is the point of glancing
at the side of the outside comb left in
the hive, just as soon as a comb is re-
moved, and not waiting to first examine
the comb that has been removed. If
the queen is on the outside of the next
comb to be removed, and we wait to
examine the comb just taken out before
we give this glance at the next comb, it
is just as Bro. Doolittle says, she has
scurried around out of sight before we
get around to took at this next comb.
I presume I have hunted up more than
200 queens this season, in full colonies,
and I think it is safe to say that half
of them were found in giving this glance
quickly at the next comb in the hive.

If care is taken not to disturb the
bees and get them to running, there is
very little likelihood of the queen leav-
ing the brood combs, hence, in this
case, there is no use wasting time in
examining frames of honey. The same
might be said in a certain degree, re-
garding'combs filled solid full of brood.
As a rule you will find the queen on a
comb, or that portion of a comb, from
which the bees have recently emerged.

If you have Italian bees, know when

250

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

to look, where to look, and how to
look, the finding of a queen, even in a
full colony, is no great task.

HOFFMAN FRAMES.

A Few Words About Handling Them.

Ernest Root copies into Gleaning-s
some of U13' remarks about tlie needed
ability to space the ordinary, so-called,
all-wood frames; also some of my say-
ing^s about complications in hive-mak-
ing'. He then makes comment as fol-
lows:

If Bro. Hutchinson has an idea that
the only merit of the Hoffman frame is
regular spacing-, then he has failed to
see some of its g^ood points. Person-
ally I never liad any trouble spacing-
the old-style Langstroth; but the g-reat
mass of small bee-keepers whom I
have run across either don't know how
far to space them or haven't that math-
ematical eye. I like a self-spacing-
frame after the pattern of the Hoffman
or full closed end — one that I can
handle in twos and threes. I do not
like, for example, to have to finite t over
each frame as one has to do with the
old-style Lang-stroth to g-et the brood
nest in proper shape. I have been out
working- with the bees more this season
than usual, and I have not yet used a
pry of any sort on our self-spacing-
frames (I don't mean that a pry is not a
convenience and even a necessit}' when
the propolis is cold.)

As to the lock corner of the hives, it
certainly makes a strong-er joint; and
where the hive-bodies are handled
roughly or moved to out-yards this is
quite an item.

Regarding- the hive-covers, we should
all like it if we could get back to the
old flat cover; but the scarcity of lum-
ber makes this impossible. It is not a
question cA preference, but a question of
availability and price. One can, in a
small way, perhaps, buy a few wide
boards for his own use — wide enough
to cover his hives, with a simple cleat
at each end; but the big factories can
not begin to do it, and are compelled
to use three-piece covers. Really I
cannot see that the three-piece cover,
Hoffman frame. Dovetailed hive, and
bottom-board, are any more compli-
cated than Mr. Heddon's divisible-
brood-chamber hive with closed-end
frames and thuinb screws, break-joint

slat honey-board, and "drop" bottom-
board, which Mr. Hutchinson recom-
mends in his book, "Advanced Bee
Culture." If "simplicity" is so im-
portant a desideratum, then the Hed-
don hive (and a good one in my
opinion) should be discarded.

It affords me pleasure to have my
Bro. editor admit that he has no trouble
in spacing the old-style Langstroth
frames. I fail to see how any one of
ordinary intelligence need have any
such trouble. If a man does have
trouble, let him do this: Let him care-
fully space the frames in a hive, and
then note the space between them. Let
him fix this in his memory and use it
as a guide. For instance, m3' frames
are spaced 1>2 inches from center to
center, and my frames are % wide,
that is, the top bars are that width,
which leaves a space of yi between the
top bars. When I am putting combs
into a hive, I begin at one side and
space them y% apart as I am pntting-
them in. I don't put them all in heher
skelter, and then even them up after-
wards. Of course, I may have to press
the last one or two a little closer to-
gether before 1 slip in the last comb,
then I press them back into place.
The point is, that I have in my mind's
e^'e that y% measure, and use it when
putting the frames in the hive, just as
the self-spacers woidd use nails driven
intothe sides of the frames. Of course,
it is not important that the frames be
exactly' Y% apart. They may vary \i
inch from this. It often h^pens that
the ability to make this variation is an
advantage. With self-spaced frame no
variation can be given.

Lock-jointed corners make sti-onger
joints than those that are simply
nailed. Iron-bound corners would
probably be still stronger, but such
strength in a bee hive is wholly un-
necessary. If bee-hives were to be
used continually for shippinng goods
bj' express, then there would be good
reasons for making the joints as strong
as possible, but, as a rule, a hive sits

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

251

in an apiary the whole of its life time.
If it is moved from one apiary to an-
other, or even if sent by express, it is
always attached to a solid bottom
board which holds it square. If a hive
isfthoroughly nailed with cement-coated
nails of good size, the heart side of the
lumber being- turned out, it will have
all needed strength without any lock-
joints, or even an^' halving of the cor-
ners. In my opinion, these dovetailed
corners will yet prove a serious objec-
tion. It is well known that where
timbers exposed to the weather cross
each other they are much more liable
to decay. For instance, in bridges
and sidewalks. In a plain square
joint at the corner of a bee hive, the
water can easily run down and out.
Not so with a dovetailed corner, as
half of the surfaces are horizontal, and
the grain of the wood crosses at right
angles. What I fear is that those
dovetailed corners will, in a few years,
begin to decay, because of their ten-
dency to absorb and retain moisture.
Of course, if they are kept well-painted
this will not occur, but the painting of
hives is often neglected. To my mind,
the making of hives with dovetailed
corners is worse than useless expense
— it will eventually prove a detriment.
Bro. Root speaks of the advantage of
being able to handle Hoffman frames
by the twos and threes. In fact, he
speaks of this point as being of more
importance than the self-spacing fea-
ture—at least, I get that idea from the
way he writes. I have seen a good
many Hoffman frames handled, handled
a few myself, and have handled a
arge number of Heddon frames which
allow of this manner of handling, and
I must confess that I have seldom seen
his manner of handling put into prac-
tice to any great extent. If we are
handling frames in the production of
extracted honey, they certainly must
ae handled singly. If we are looking
'or a queen the frames must be handled
singly. If we are looking for the

queen, and have been setting the frames
over into another hive, we can replace
them, after finding the queen, by tak-
ing them in threes if our fingers are
long enough and strong enough to
stand the strain.

I have never had any difficulty in
securing wide boards for covers, but it
is quite likely that the factories would
have difficulty in finding enough wide
lumber for this purpose at a reasonable
price, and it is probable that, whether
we prefer them or not, we will eventu-
ally be compelled to use covers made
of several pieces.

This shot about the Heddon hive and
complication is a close one, and com-
pels me to reply by "telling tales out
of school," if such it might be called.
In the new addition of "Advanced Bee
Culture, now on the press, the Heddon
hive will not be placed at the head. In
the last few years, new features have
sprung up in Bee-keeping, notably
that of "shook-swarming, " and a hive
that might be desirable in one epoch, is
not so in another. When I found mv-
self drifting into bee-keeping again, I
noticed that I did not adopt the Heddon
hive. When I wrote the chapter on
hives, it was quite a wrench to change
it over, but I made it conform to my be-
lief and practice.

LOW RATES TO COLORADO.

Via Chicagfo, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Railway.
Only $30.00 Chicago to Colorado and
return every day this Summer. Return
limit October 31. Two through trains
every day from Union Station, Chicago
Milwaukee & St. Paul and Union
Pacific Line. Leave Chicago 6:05 p.m.
arrive Denver 9:30 p.m. next day. Or,
leave Chicago 10:25 p.m.. arrive Denver
7:50 a.m. the second day. Descriptive
book on Colorado and California sent
to any address for six cents postage.
Folders free.

R. C. JONES,

Michigan Passenger Agent,

32 Campus Martins, Detroit Michigan.

252

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

That is to give you the very best Home Remedy

that can be had anywhere or at an}' price.
If I fail to please you it is I who wants you to have your money
back more than you yourself, want it.

Are you prepared now to head off Summer Fevers and other
diseases that are bound to come as thej' always have?

You can depend upon Yelloivzones to do these thing's for you.
And they will often save you from large doctors' bills as from
sufl'ering-; and this is no idle tale.

Here is an open honest
testimony from a lady in
whose family YZ have been
used constantly for 9 years.

Dear Mr. House: — Find one dollar enclosed for YZ, for which I
thank you in advance.

We have not had a doctor in our house (only for friendly calls)
since mother died, nearly seven years ago. The YZ are so good
they help us out every time. We always have them in the house.
I wish I could remember when we got the first box. [It was in
1896-] Very sincerely yours,

A Dollar Box of YELLOWZONES will put you in shape to
head off and cure almost all the ailments that are likely to
molest you — and your money returned if not satisfactory.
That's a good investment.

Full size box, with vlai of Zonets for bowels and liver,
$1 .00. Trial size 25c.

W. B. HOUSE, M. D., DeTour, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

253

PAXEIN-r, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24 )

{ VEiARs "the: best.

OAXALOG FREIE:.
BINGHAM, FARWEZLL, MICH

VIRGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens secured by a cross
and years of careful selection, from
Red Clover Queens and Superior Stock
obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June 15, 60c
Tested queens, fl.OU; after June 15, 75c
Selected tested queens, $1.25; after
June 15, $1.00.

Write a postal card for circular.

- 6o4-tf

CHAS. KOEPPEN,

Fredericksburtr, Va.

and bees cost no more than poor ones. We fur-
nish good ones on short notice. Untes'ed, 75c
each; $400 for 6; or I7.50 per dozen. Tested,
$1.25 each. Breeders, $3.00.

Nuclei, i-frame, with queen, $1.50: 2-frame
$200; 3-frame, $2.50. Absolute satisfaction or
no deal We breed six pure races. Price list
de.scnbing them free. We are agents for the
Dittmer comb foundation for this State and sell
at pittmer's prices. If you wish your wax work-
ed into foundation for cash we will receive same
and furnish you the foundation from our stock;
which will save you much time and freight,

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,
2-05-tf Beeville, Tex.

Send for

1905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
* O"-^' 147-149 Cedar Lake Road

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
u.se for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
.fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid 1 10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no cotinec-
tion whatever with the Review— simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

FJOOT'S BEE-SUPPliIES
ROOT'S PFeiCES

6-04-tf .Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DRUm.. Kendall. .Mich

—If you are Roing to —

BUY A BUZZ -SAW,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
•iiake you hanpy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

American

BEE

Journal

All about Beps.

16-page Weekly.

Sample Free. |1

a year; .3 months'
Trial Trip, 20c. silver or stamps.
Best writers. Oldest bee-paper;
illustr^ited. Oept's for beginners
and for women bee-keepers.

GEORGE W.YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn 5treet, QHICAQO, ILL.

254

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

LEWIS

ECTIONS
UPERS
HIPPING CASES

Can be Shipped Promptly.

And will Make yowr Honey Harvest a Success*

Manufactured
by

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

And for sale by the following:

Watertown,
Wis., U. S. A.

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. lyUmber Co , Fairbault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach. Kenton, O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich

York Honey & Bee Snpply Co., Chi-
cago, 111., 141 & 143 Ontario St.

I^oui'^ Hansen's Sons, Dav'enport, Iowa.

Adam A. i larke, L,e Mars, lowd.

Southwestern Bee Co . San Antonio,
Texas., 43S, Houston St,

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

Colorado Honey Producers Association,

Denver, Colo.
Fruit Growers' Ass'n., Grand Junction,

Colo.
Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

As.sociation, Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, l,oveland, Colo.
Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.
Chas H. Lilly & Co., .Seattle, Wash.
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.
A. Co[ipin, Wenona, 111.
California, Lumber^ Milling Co., San

Francisco, Calitornia,
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Hcts, Eng.

^(S)®##^il^®#S##(^

fO^ake Youp 0\A/n Hives.

J©ee - Keepers

Will save mone}' by
usinj,'- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog^ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

884 Ruby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

255

^:-$':^-3r$r$r$r$r$.3^^;-$\l>^^^^^:$:$^$^$^^:$^$^

\l/
U/
\l/
\l/

id/
il/

\l/
\l/

\l/
U/
U/

Root's Goods at
Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-Keepers.

Large and complete stock on hand
at all times. Low freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pou^acr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANA POLLS, IND.

id/
il/
il/
il/
il/
il/
il/
il/
vl>
\^/
il/
il/
i^/
il/
il/
il/
ii/
ii;

Dittmer's
Foandation

Is the Best.

Will tell you WHY. If you

will send for Free Catalog

and Samples.

Early Order Discount on
Full Line of Supplies.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

Working^ Wax into Founda-
tion for Cash a Specialty.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

Foundation.

Gus. Dittrner,

Auo'usta, - - Wisconsin

il/
\l/
ii/
il/
il/
ii/
il/
il/
ii/
ii/
ii/
ii/
ii/
ii/
ii/
ii/
ii/
ii/
ii/

1 1=2 STORY,

S-frame hives, either plain, or bee- way
supers, Sl.on. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 ft, shipping- cases, $13.00
for 100; 12tt) $8.00 for 100; 201b Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with order of $10.00.
Send for free list.

W. D. SOPER
I^- t)- 3 Jackson, Mich.

ITfllilAH QUEENS

Untested, 50 cents eacli, tested, 75 cents each:
Carniolan queens, same price. Bankston baby
nucleus hive nailed ready for use, by mail, 35 cts';
nursery cage, by mail, 35 cts. Send for circular.'
Full instructions are sent showing hovF to op-
erate the new Queen Rearing out6t.
C. B. BANKSTON,

Milano,
05-5-tf Milam, Co . , Tex.

The Bee-Keepers
Paradise.

300,000 Acres of Wild Land for sale,
in the Famous Fruit Belt Region of
Michigan, at low prices and on easy
terms.

These lands are especially adapted
to fruit culture, all the most desirable
fruits being- cultivated with especial
success.

These uncultivated lands also pro-
duce immense quantities of wild ber-
ries, from which larg^e crops of honey
are obtained, at a g-ood profit to the
Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and circulars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address:

J. E. MERRITT,

Gen'l Mgr.

Michigan Land Co.,

ManisteeAMichigan.

256

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

SflTISFACTIOH

To the bees and SAT-
ISFACTIONto the bee-
keeper is the aim and
object of the manufac-
turer whose name ap-
pears with this ad.

The Colorado Cover
is a double cover with
air space — the outside cover is made from full J4 inch white pine. It
cannot leak, it cannot warp, it retains the heat of the colony so neces-
sary in early spring-, and it is impenetrable to heat in the hottest climate.
Price— 1 nailed— 4()c. 10 in flat $3.00.

COLORADO HIVE COVER.

ltt)MTn-(tlQTP Bee-Hives, Sectio
Ur lU UniL. Comb, Bee Veils,

ions, Fences, Smokers, Foundation
Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Sujiplies, manufactured and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

Fliut, Mich., Apr. 17, '05.
Friend Putnam: —

Yoiir.s saying that you would send the sections in a few days is here.
Tliank you.

Ever since nailing up those hives, I have felt like writing and thanking you for the
excellent material and workmanship. The lumber is practically clear lumber, and the
workmanship simply perfect — everything smooth :iud accurate. If every shipment that
you send out is like this, you will eventually have more business than you can look
after. Yours Truly,

W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

OUR HEW POliICV.

Now is the time to make plans
for 1906. Our plan is to estab-
lish a branch house at every
countrj'^ town. Write for par-
ticulars.

The Rural Bee-Keeper better
than ever this year. Write for
sample copy.

Join our EXCU RSION PARTY

to San Antonio, Texas. Leaves
Chicago, Oct. 25th, Round trip

$20.00.

The RUSH season is over. We have a good suppl}' of
Standard Goods on hand. We cater to the trade that de-
mands QUALITY. We g:ive value received and PROMPT
SHIPMENT.

iW. H. PUTNAM, River FaUs, Wis..

Honey Quotations

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bre-Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, anri, so
far as possible, quotations are niade according to
these rules:

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and hrnily attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
bj' travel-stain or otherwise; all the ce'ls sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — .'\11 sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be c'assifitd
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,''
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a few dealers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

NEW YORK — No demand for comb honey.
Extracted in fairly good demand with ample
supply. We quote as follows: Fancy white 13c;
No. I, I2c; fancy amber, 10 to iic; No 1, loc;
White, extracted, 614 to 7c; amber, 554c; dark, 5c;
beeswax, 28 to 29c.

HIIvDRETH &SEGEI,KEN,

82-86 Murray St,
June II, 1905. New York.

CINCINNATI— We sold today, at our store, new
crop fancy comb houey, at iT,'/ic per pound.
There is still a big stock of last season's honey
on the market, that is going begging at any
price. Extracted honey is moving quite lively
now. We sell amber honey in barrels at 5^4 to
654c, according to quality. White clover honey
7 to 85^c Beeswax, 26c.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
July 10 05 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFALO — Honey will soon commence to sell
again, but there is small demand at present;
poor and old honey is hard to sell at all. We
quote as follows: New fancy white, 14 to 15c;
No. 1 white, 12 to 13c; fancy amber, 10 to lie.
Beeswax, 25 to 32c.

BATTERSON & CO.,
Aug. 4 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

KANSAS CITY— The market is well cleaned
up on comb honey. Extracted in light demand.
Beeswax is in good demand. We quote as fol-
lows: Fancy white, loc; No. i white, gc; white,
extracted 7c; beeswax 28 to 30c.

WAI^KER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
June 3, 1905 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo

CHICAGO — The new crop is appearing and
selling in a fair way consideiingthat this is mid-
summer time. V. e quote as follows: Fancy
white, 14c; No. i white, 13 to 13KC; fancy amber,
II to i2c; No. 1 amber, 9 to loc; fancy dark, loc:
No. I dark, 9c; white, extracted, 6 to 7c; amber,
extracted, 5 to 6c; dark, extracted, 5 to 55^c, bees-
wax, 2Sc,

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Aug. 3, 1905. 199 So. Water St.

CHICAGO— Some shipments of new honey are
arriving, but demand as yet is not very active.
No doubt, a little later will show quite an im-
provement, and if producers have any new honey
ready for shipment, we advise letting it come
forward, as our past experience tells us that the
best prices can be realized on early honey. We
quote as follows: Fancy while, 12 to 1254c; No.
I white, II to I2C; white, extracted, 6 to 654c;
amber, 5 to 6c. Beeswax. 28 to 30c.

S. T. FISH & CO.,

189 South Water St.
Aug. 7, 1905. Chicago, 111.

KA>JS \S CITV-The demand for comb honey
seems to be increasing, and the market is firm.
Extracted sells slowly as yet, while beeswax
moves at 25 to 2Sc per pound. We do not look
for much change until the cooler weather sets in;
We quote as follows: Fancy white, $1.75 per case.
No. I white, 52.50 per case; fancy amber $2.50 per
case; white, extracted, to 654c: amber, 55^; dark,
4% to 5c per pound.

C C. CI,EMONS & CO,,
Aug. 8, 1905 Kansas City, Mo.

FOR SALE— ^00 colonies of honey-gathering
bees, in Hilion hives, now being run for extract-
ed honej-, and gathering lots of it; also one of
the best ra'-pberry locations — Speak quick.
C. F. PUI^SIFER,

Nessen City, Mich.
Reference,
W Harmer, Manistte, Mich. S-05-it

50 QUEENS

that have just begun laying, are now in my
nuclei ready for immediate shipment, at 75 cents
each; six for $4 00; or $7.00 a dozen. No disease
here. Satisfaction guaranteed.

S. F. TREGO.
8-05 3t Swedona, Ills.

TOIyEDO — The market on comb honey at this
writing is rather quiet on account of the large
receipts of ben ies and fruits, we quote fancy
white comb, 14 to 15c; No. i, 13 to 14c, with little
demand for amber. White extracted in barrels,
6 to 654c, cans, 654 to 7c. Amber, extracted, 5 to
554c. Beeswax, 26 to 28c.

On account of the large crop of comb honey
this season, the bee-keepers are commencing to
offer their crops early, and the out look for this
sea.son is veiy fair, and of a good quality.

GRIGGS BROTHERS,
Aug. 4, '05 Toledo, Ohio,

BnBS want:^d

To operate on shares in the great
honey belt of Texas. Personal atten-
tion given. Full particulars to any
who mean business.

H. H. HYDE,
111 Fourth St. San Antonio, Tex.

8-o5-2t

m

SHIPPING =CASES.

Don't allow your comb honej' to be sold at low prices, after j'oii have taken great
trouble to produce it, on account ot poor shipping cases Put your honey into Roofs
No Drip Cases, and it will reach the market in perfect condition and bring the high-
est prices. Our cases are made of selected basswood, with two or three inch glass
which shows off the hon^y to the best advantage. Below is a condensed price-list.
Write for our complete catalog

SHIPPING-C.\SES.

NAME AND SIZE

i2-in. 4-row for 4J^ s'n
lo-in 4 row ''

i2-in. 2-row "

lo-in 2-row "

i6-in. 2-row "

8-in. 3-ro V
5}4'-in. 3-row '"

jYi-in. 4-row for 4x5..
7 '/8-in. 3-row '

9^-in. 4 row for 354 x 5
6^-in 3 row

Price c o ni-
ptete iiiclud-
i n g 3 - inch
gla'S I side,
nails and pa-
per, in flat.
100

>2 00

2 00

I ,J0

I 20

I 50

I 30

I 20

I 80

I 40

£•0 o

^2°

5«^

$18 00
17 00

11 00

10 50

12 00

11 50

11 oc
16 GO

12 00
16 00
II 50

>1
16 OC

10 50

10 00

11 50

10

10 25

i o

- in

|i6 00
15 00

10 00
9 50

11 00
10 00

9 50
14 00
10 50
14 00
10 00

S-OALLON SQUARE CANS.

PQ

PM
PM

These are the favorite packages for Shipping Exlracled Honey to the market.
There could be no shrinkage and consequent leaking, no taint to the honey from
wood, as is frequently the case wi'h kegs and barrels. The cans being square econo-
mize space and are easily handled. These cans are almost exclusively used in the
West, where honey is shipped in them at rate same as in barrels.

Price List of Square Cans.

No. in a

Capacity of each

can

Price of

box.

in gallons, in honey.

I box

10 bxs.

I

5-gal. can boxed

60 lbs.

S 55

$ 5 00

2

5-gal. "

60 "

85

8 00

10

i-gal. '•

12 "

I 50

14 00

12

^■gal. "

6 •'

I 50

14 00

24

K-gal. "

1 '

2 40

23 00

100

i-gal. "

12 "

II 00

105 00

100

H-gal. "

6 "

9 00

85 00

100

K-gal. "

3 "

7 00

65 00

Write for Complete Catalog.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., medina,ohio

Lji3i^i3£3£S£ScS

September, 1905,

gan, $1.00 a Year

Bee-Keepers^RevieW [ National Bee-Keepers^

Association.

PUBUSHBD MONTHLY
W. Z HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice. Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 212

Term9-$i.oo a year to subscribers in the
United Stales, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuanees-The Review is. sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continued
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration oi
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Sept. 15, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) ......... ($1 00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( too) 1.75

Progressive Bee Keeper ( -50) i-is

American Bee Keeper ( -So) '-40

Rural Bee Keeper ( i 00; 1.75

Western Bee Journal ( too) ]l>

Ohio Farmer 100) ;-75

Farm Journal (Phila) -50 1-2^

Rural New Yorker 10° ]f

The Century ( 4-oo Af

Michigan Farmer J-oo lA^

Prairie Farmer ( 10°' J'^

American Agriculturist (. i ooj 17.^

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 315

Harper's Magazine < 400) 4- I'J

Harper's Weekly .......( 4-«>) 4.2°

Youths' Companion.... (new).... ( 175^ 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i«>) i-9^

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $x.oo.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasurei

Board of Directors.

Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn, Ont.

R I,. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich. .

Udo Toepperwein, San Antomo, Tex.
R C AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb
WM. A, Selser, Philadelphia. Pa.
G M DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N. "V .
R. A. Holekamp. St. Lo'iis, Mo.

1 M Hambacgh, Escondido, Cal.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

Names of Bee-Keepers

tyre: na/ritten

n»SEECilgP5BCI5CiEaBC!BEBB2BiHBBBBl

!

I The namesof ray customers, and of those ask-
I ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ
1 ten in a book. There are several thousand a 1
1 arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates).
I and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
' penke of hundreds of dollars. I would furnish it
I to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand
i names. The former price was $2.50 pei looc, but

I now havea type writer, and by using the maii-
! ifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A

manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names
; of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly

in the adjoining States, can be accommoaated

Here is a list of the States and the number of
' names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 37S
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162

Dak.
Del..
Fla..
Ga..
Ind..
Ills.

25

18

100

90

744
1375

Iowa . . 800

N. C 60

New Mex. 54
Oregon.. 109
Ohio... I30<-

Penn 912

R. 1 46

S. C 40

Tenn 176

Tex 270

Utah 68

Vt 205

Va 182

W^. Va 178

Wash.... 12*

Wis 620

7. HTTCHINSON. Flint, Mich

Ky

Kans..

La

Mo

Minn . .
Mich...
Mas-s...

Md

Maine
Miss.. .
N. Y...
Neb,. .
N. J.
N. H.

182
350

38
500
334
1770
275

94
270

70
1700

..345
130
158

Prompt Shipments,

Aie what you want .iiid we
can make them. Send in_voLii-
orders and be convinced that
we can do it. WISCONSIN
BASSWOOD FOR SEC-
TIONS. DOVK-TAILKD
HIVP:S made by ourselves
now. A full line of supplies
for bee-keeping- on hand.

MaPshfield |VIfg. Co.

IWapshfield, Wis.

BEE KEEPERS'
EARLY DISCOUNTS.

Now is the time to send in
your order for ffoods for use
next season and for all orders
where cash accompanies, we
allow the the following- dis-
counts:

Before Oct. i deduct lo per cent.
Nov. I " 9 '•

" Uec. I ■' s "

•• JMI,. I '• y ..

Feb. 1 " 6

Mar. I " 4

' Apr. ; " 2

Hroight rate.s from Toledo ;ire
lowest. Can take honey and I
wax in exchange lor supplies it
desire Send lor fiee illuvlrated
alogue. It de.scribes and illustr:
everything for both the Poidtrj
Hee- Keepers.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Grig-g^s Block
TOLEDO, - - OHIO.

the
ees-
you

al-
lies
:uid

No Fish-Bone

I-' appari ntiii C(jnil)lioiie3- when
111.- Van Deuseii, flat - holt.jui
Inundation is used. Tliis style
of foundation all.vvs ihe making
of a more iiuif(;rni article, hav-
ing a very lhi>i base, witli the
.sin-j)his wax in the side - walls,
wliere it can be iililizt-.l !)y the
bees. Then the bees, iu chang-
ing Die Itase of the cells tu the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; ami the
result is a comb that can scarce, /
l»e distinguished from that buift
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen 7iiirecf.

Send for circular; price list,
and -samples of foundation.
<J. VAfJ DEUSEN,

Sprout Hkook, N. Y

Bee - ¥\zzpzps

Save money by buying hives,
seel ions, biood frames, extrac-
tors, smokers and everything
else yon need of the

W. T. Fzilconer A\fg. Go.,

JaxMk.stown, N. Y.

{l@^Our goods are guaranteed
of superiorquality in every way.
Send for our large illustrat-
eii catalog and copy of The
American Bee-Keeper, a month-
ly for all bee-keepers; 50c a
year, (now in i2lhyear; H. E.
Hill editor.)

W. M. Gerrish. East Noting-
ham, N H., carries a full line
of t)ur goods at catalog prices
Order of him and save freight

258

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

The following large discounts are offered for early arders accompanied by
cash. This applies to all goods excepting honey packages for current use.
For cash orders before —

Oct. ist, 10 per cent. Nov. T.>-t, 9 per cent,

D c. ist, 8 per cent Ian 1st, 7 per cent.

Feb. ist, 6 percent. Mar. ist, 4 1 er cent.

A piil ist, 2 per cent.

Bee-Keepers'
Supplies.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown,
Wis., U. S. A.

The following are Distributing Points for Lewis Goods:

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. lyumber Co , Fairbault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton, O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich

York Honey & Bee Supply Co., Chi-
cago, 111., 141 & 143 Ontario St.

l,ouis Hansen's Sons, Davenport, Iowa.

Adam A. Llarke,L,e Mars, low*.

Southwestern Bee Co . San Antonio,
Texas., 438, Houston St.

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

Colorado Honey Producers Association,

Denver, Colo
Fruit Growers' Ass'ii., orand Junction,

Colo.
Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, I,oveland, Colo.
Paul Bachert. Acton, Calif.
Chas H. Lilly & Co.. Seattle. Wash.
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.
A. Co pin, Wenona, III.
California, Lumber & Milling Co., San

Francisco, Calitornia.
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
K. H. Taylor, Welwyn He»-ts, Eng.

I^ake Vour 0\A/n Hives.

3ee - Heepei»s

Will save money by
usin^'- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making^
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalog-ue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04-191

(^-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

259

Is the name under which Mr. Hutchin-
son, for five years, sold my strain of
bees, g-uaranteeing safe arrival, safe
introduction, purity of mating, and en-
tire satisfaction to the extent that the
queen could be returned any time with-
in two years, when the money would
be returned, together with 50 cts extra
to pay for the trouble. Although he
sold hundreds of queens each year, in
only two instances was he asked to
return the money, while there were
hundreds of letters from pleased pur-
chasers. Not more than half a dozen
queens were reported as impurely

mated, in all of those years, while the
losses in transportation and introduc-
tion were not serious; yet, on account
of those guarantees, Mr. Hutcliinson
asked $1.50 for a queen. I can now
sell you queens that are exactly the
same, and guarantee safe arrival any-
where in the U. S., Canada, or Cuba,
at the following prices: Untested, 75c
each; six, $4.00; ldoz.,$7.50. Select
Untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; 1 doz.,
$'J.OO.

Send for a handsome circular that
gives the experience of well-known bee-
keepers with this stock.

J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Kentucky.

^1^ Londloii

I Will furnish Hives and Sections of Perfect Workmanship
and material. By sending- your order now you will save
money, and secure prompt shipment. Send for 1905
Catalogue and Illustrated Price Dist— free for the askinc^.

Bee Supplies.

lend for 40 Page Catalogue describing
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing needed in the Apiary.
Special low prices on Brood Frames
and Shipping Cases. Beeswax
wanted.

Jest Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.
'05-tf

HONEY QUEENS

I,AWS' ITAIJAN and HOI^Y I.AND QUEENS.
Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with these lam catering to a satisfied trade.
Are you in it ? Or are j'ou interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The following prices
areas low as consistent with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, J8.00; tested Ji.oo; per
dozen, |io. Breeders, the verv best of either
race, $3 00 each .

W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex.

260

THE BEE-KICKPEKS- REVIEW

m^

S^^^iDM^'^TO^^^SBti^'^^il^^S!)!^?

D^'^m^'^

'ss^mmo^ii^^s^rwsmm ^o;

"DflDflflT'S FOUNDATIOH"

IT EXCELS.

We Guarantee Satisfaction.
BEE=SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

c^^ c^^ c^^ t^^

Beeswax Wanted at all times.

. t^^ e^^ t^^ t^^

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids,
Agents for Michigan.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY IN NoroRiP shipping

CASES, ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER. QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE. AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLET OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT. AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH GO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNAtI, OHIO.

E. W. Alexander, Delanson, N. Y.

Courtesy of Gleanings.

TbeS

e (^ee-

eps

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.

w. 1. dUTCHiNSON, Efiiior aDfl Proprietof

VOL. XVllL FLINT, MICHIGAN, SEPTHsTlgOsTNoTa

Somme ©f i^Ihe Depths from W&ilclh

.©©■piim^

E. W. ALEXANDER.

ieia.

Y young friend, please come with
me, and we will take a view of
bee-keepingr as I found it 50 years ago,
when I was a boy of only 10 years.
At that time my father kept quite a
large apiary, and the hives were mostly
the common box hives. We had as
nearly as I can remember, about 20
Bevan hives which had bars across the
top with the under side beveled off to a
sharp edge in the center, so as to cause
the bees to make their combs straight
along the bar. These were, at that
time, considered a great hive, and I
will speak of them again, but the most
of his colonies were in common hem-
lock boxes, of many different sizes and
shapes; some of them not having as
much as an auger hole in the top to
allow the putting on of a small box for
surplus honey.

NO SMOKERS NOR VEILS.

We had no "head-rigs" in those days
to protect our faces when handling our
bees, neither did we have any smokers
o quiet those cross, black bees, and.

oh, how they would sting ! When
father was around to help me, he would
take a pipe and blow some tobacco
smoke into the entrance of the hive be-
fore disturbing the bees, but as he had
a farm to attend to, and was a sur-
veyor, he had little time to attend to
bees; so when I thought a hive needed
attending to, I would go at it without
any protection whatever. I have always
had a great dislike for tobacco, espe-
cially the smoke, so I used to think of
the stings and the smoke, and of the
two evils I preferred the stings. When
I wanted to find out something about
the inside of a colony, I would take the
hive into the currant bushes and go to
work. Oh my, how I rfz'fl'used to catch
it from those bees ! Many times I
would run to the house, crying, have
my mother take the stings out of my
face, and then go back and finish what-
ever I had undertaken. Sometimes I
would want to find the queen, and I
would have to dig out most all of the
combs in order to find her. Other
times I would want to know how long it

264

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' KEVIEW

took the eg-g-s in a certain comb to hatch
into larvae and to mature into perfect
bees. Then I used lo look with wistful
eyes on those nice chunks of honey in
the corners of the hive. I often wanted
some of them to sell to my neig-hbors,
so I had a blacksmith make me a knife
(I have it yet in the shape of a stove
poker) so I could cut across the in-
side of the top of the hive and get out
those precious chunks of honey, and
still leave enough in the hive to carry
the bees safely through the coming
winter. This is the way I got my first
surplus honey; and if we took 10 or 15
pounds a year from a colony, we
thought we had done exceeding well.

PKIMITIVK F.XPKRIMKNTING.

One day it came into my head to find
out how many bees there were in a
large swarm, so the first swarm that
came out 1 hived it in an empty box,
then, at night, when the bees were all
in, 1 sunk the box in a barrel of water,
drowning the bees so I could count
them the next day. That swarm con-
tained almost 39,000 bees.

And so I went from one thing to an-
other, destroying many good colonies
in trying to learn all 1 could about
them. In fact, this was my only
way, as there were no bee journals at
that time, and I could not get track of
any books on the subject.

OLD-TIMK SUPEIiSTITIONS.

I never can forget the long walk I
took one day in search of knowledge.
A neighbor told me of a man living
about eight miles from father's house
who had his garden full of bees; and,
certainly he must know all there was
to know about them. That was enough
for me; the next morning, before sun-
rise, I started a foot and alone to see
that man. I got to his place about ten
o'clock, a. m., and found him and his
whole family hiving a swarm. He was
pounding on a big drum, his wife also
blowing the dinner horn, seven children
were hammering on tin pans, and the

old grandma had a looking glass in
her hands throwing the reflection of the
sun on the bees. There was nothing
unusual about this hiving of bees, as I
had seen some of our neighbors do
nearly the same thing. I told him
father never made any such noise when
his bees swarmed, and he got along
just as well. He then told me if my
father died, I must go to every hive, the
first night, and tell the bees all about
it; for, if I did not, all the bees would
die in less than a year. "Then," he
said, "you see that wax the bees are
carrying in on their legs, the king bee
makes that into comb." I told him I
knew that was not so, for they carried
that stuff into their hives when they
had been full of comb a number of
years. He told me one thing to be sure
and remember, "when you take your
honey in, in the fall, take it at the new
moon in October, and you will find
that it will weigh more than when the
moon is past full." He then went on
and said, "When you take your honey,
if you don't have brimstone enough
you will find sulphur is just as good."
He told me that down cellar was a
good place to keep honey. I told him
it would not be as handy for the boy
as up garret. He said "If my boys
helped themselves to honey I would
thr;ish them." 1 then told him my
father never whipped his children, and
always said that a child could not love
a father that whipped him.

BARBAROUS ME;TH0DS.

The almost universal way at that
time to get surplus honey was to dig a
hole in the ground, put some live coals
of fire in it, then throw on some brim-
stone, and set the hive over the hole,
thus smothering the bees. That is the
way the lightest and heaviest colonies
were treated. The colony that filled
its hive with honey to overflowing, 50
years ago, stood in the same light, be-
fore cruel man, as did the man who
dared to think aloud two or three
hundred years ago. The guilotine and

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

265

halter were in constant use, disposing-
of one, while tiie brimstone pit disposed
of the other. As a parting- shot, I told
this man that my father never had a
brimstone pit in his bee yard, and
often said he would rather never see
honey than to take it in that inhuman
way. This remark cost me my dinner,
for the man looked anj^rily at me, and
went to the house, while I started for
home, as nearly discourag-ed as I ever
was in my life; for it seemed as if I
never could find out anything about
bees that would be of any use to me, un-
less I g-ot it direct from the bees them-
selves.

My poor little leg's ached that night,
when I g-ot home with an empty stomach
and a heavy heart; but my disappoint-
ment was the worst of that day's
work, for I had such high hopes in the
morning- of learning something that
would be of use to me in the future.

Father never liked to have his bees
swarm, as he would lose so many. Not
knowing anything about clipping the
queen's wing, he invented the plan of
making his increase in this way: he
had a blanket, in the center of which
he had a small loop fastened, then he
would turn one of those box hives bot-
tom side up, lay this blanket over it,
raise it up by the loop a few inches,
forming a little tent over the hive, while
[ would hold the cloth tight around the
sides, and drum on the hive, he raising
he cloth occasionally until we saw we
lad a nice swarm in the cloth; then we
spread it out on the ground and the
)ees would go into an empty hive, the
anie as a natural swarm. Such were
x\y first lessons in bee-keeping.

FAINT HINT OF A MOVABLE COMB.

One spring, after losing several col-
nies during the winter in those Bevan
ives, I spoke of above, when father
nd I were taking out the combs, I
aid, "Hold on, I have an idea. You
now some of those Bevan hives on that
-ont row are very light in honey, so,
'ait a minute." I then got my

mother's bread knife and, carefully
cutting the combs loose from the ends
of the hive, I raised them out, one at a
time, and put them into an empty hive.
"There," I said, "I want those heavy
combs to put in those light hives in the
garden." p\-ither looked at me a
moment, then said, "my son, that is a
great idea and will some day make
bee-keeping a fine business."

This was in the spring of 1855; and
he gave me the whole charge of his
apiary at that time. After awhile I
heard of a movable comb hive. Then
bee-keeping took a great start. The
American Bee Journal came to the
front, edited by Samuel Wagner.
Then came Gleanings, the Review and
many other journals. About this time
Italian bees were brought to this
country. Then came the bee smokers,
honey extractors, comb foundation,
and many other valuable inventions
and improved methods, enabling us to
manage, to an advantage, apiaries of
a 1,000 colonies and producing honey
by the car load !

My young friend, if you should read
this article over a dozen times you
could not even then realize the many
advantages you now have in caring for
bees. If it be true that ' 'He who makes
two blades of grass grow where only
one grew before is a public bene-
factor," then, truly, those men were
great benefactors who have given us
these inventions and improved methods.
The same may be said of the authors
of our many volumes of bee literature,
together with the editors of our bee
journals, all of whom have spent many
hours of hard labor by their midnight
lamp in order that we might save
thousands of tons of honey where only
a few tons of honey were saved 50
years ago. May their names and
memory be cherished for many years
to come, is my sincere hops.

And now, when we go into our apia-
ries, and enjoy using all these improve-
ments, let OS not forget to extend a

266

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

helping- hand to him whom we may be
able to assist, as those great public
benefactors have assisted us. AH honor
to each and every one, who helped raise
bee-keeping from the rut of ignorance

and superstition to that high plane
it now occupies with other rural
pursuits.

Delanson, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1905.

B^tmnifig Apiaries ©m tlie Visitini
Plan In Verstaonto

J. E. GRANE.

gjHE number of colonies of bees that
"X* can profitably be kept in one loca-
tion is, and doubtless will remain, an
open question. When there is a good
yield of honey for three to six weeks,
more colonies can be located in one
place than is generally supposed. My
dependence is almost wholly on clover,
which is usually abundant, and I
should not think of starting an out-
apiary before I had 150 colonies in my
home-yard. I could never see much dif-
ference, during clover bloom, whether
there were 50 or 150 colonies in the
apiary.

The difficulty with large yards is
that they require more care in spring
and fall than smaller ones need. It is
more work to build them up in the
spring, and in autumn they require
more feeding, unless there is more fall
flowers than in this section of the
country. I had nearly 200 colonies be-
fore I began to move them away.

ADVANTAGES OF A PROTECTED
LOCATION.

In selecting a new location, great
care should be taken that it is well
sheltered from prevailing winds. I
know now, what I did not know some
years ago, that this makes Bi great dif-
fet'ence in the yield of honey. During
the past ten or fifteen 3^ears, I have
had occasion to change the location of

all of my out-yards, and I believe I
can truthfully say that where the new
location has been more exposed to
winds, or cold draughts of air, the
yield has decreased; and where the
new location has been more sheltered,
the yield of honey has increased.

I will mention one case. Somefifteen
or more years ago I bought a whole
yard of bees, and moved it to a locality
that seemed to me very good; but I was
disappointed, j'ear after year, b}' the
small yield of honey, and I came to the
conclusion that the locality was a poor
one. Some five years ago I moved it to
a more sheltered place, only about
foity rods away, since which the yield,
per hive, has been as good as from anj'
of mj^ yards.

As 1 usually keep about 100 colonies
in a yard, I aim to locate them four or
five miles apart. I have sometimes
rented bees to be cared for on shares,
but I now prefer to care for all myself.
If a man is careful, and knows how to
care for bees, he will prefer to own
them to taking them on shares. If he
does not know how, or is shiftless, the
owner will find it to his advantage to
take care of them himself I have no
difficulty in renting a small piece of
land, for $2.00 or $3.00 a year, upon
which to place a yard of bees.

I know of nothing better, at present,
than a}good horse and wagon to.use in

T HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

267

travelling^ between yards. To be sure,
horses that are afraid of bees will
cause some trouble, especially after
having- had some experience in being
stung. There is rarely much trouble
in getting into a yard with a load, but
when taking off honey we sometimes
have trouble in getting away with a
load of honey. All of my out-yards
are so arranged that we can run a load
of honey, by hand, from five to twenty
rods away, where there is no trouble
in hitching on a horse. During the
past 25 years, I have met with no
serious accident in the use of horses
near bees, and do not think, with
proper care, they will be likely to
occur.

NO NEED OF KEEPING A MAN AT EACH
YARD.

When I had less experience than I
now have, I used to employ a man for
each out-yard during the swarming
season By so doing I was sure of a
large expense, whether I had much
honey with which to meet it or not.
For many years past I have preferred
to look after all my bees myself, with
one man to assist me. I do not find the
loss from absconding swarms any
greater, and I can know just how each
yard and hive is progressing, as the
season advances.

I find one of the most difficult
obstacles to overcome in keeping bees
in large numbers, at some distance
from home, is a disposition to neglect
:hem. "Out of sight, out of mind," is
m old but true proverb. And I may
is well say right here that, to make a
success of many yards of bees, one
nust have the business thoroughly
ystemized. Hives, swarming, help,
very thing, should move like clock
vork; even the weather must not inter-
ere, and your horses must learn that
ou have got to be on time. Hives
hould all be of one pattern, every part
tting every hive in every yard, and so
onstructed as to be manipulated in the
uickest time possible.

Time is the most valuable factor in
the business, aside from necessary
knowledge and skill.

Whether hives should be made by
hive manufacturers, or near home, will
depend upon the ability of nearby
factories to accurately cut out just
what you want, and at less expense
than it would cost to have it doue at a
distance.

OUT-DOOK WINTERING COSTS SIX
I^BS. EXTRA PER COLONY.

Whether single-wallorchaff hives are
used will depend on the method of
wintering. I have always wintered, or
I should say, usually wintered, out in
chaff hives. From experiments I be-
lieve it takes fully six pounds more of
honey to winter average sized colonies
out of doors than in a good cellar or
cave. If 500 colonies are kept, it would
cost 3,000 pounds more to winter them
out of doors than it would in a good,
under-ground repository; an argument
that it is very hard to withstand. I
believe it less labor to winter out-doors
than in. I believe, however, that it
would be less labor to winter in a cellar
where bees are kept through the sum-
mer, than to draw all home to one
central place or cellar, though 1 have
had no experience in hauling bees
home in the fall and back again in the
spring, and, therefore, cannot speak
with much authority.

Whether surplus comb or extracted
honey should be the object of running
out-yards, depends upon the amount,
and value of each, that can be secured.
I have always run my out-yards for
comb surplus, but am intending soon
to start one or two j'aixis for extracted
honey, exclusively, as I find a growing
demand for well-ripened liquid honey,
at good prices; many persons prefer-
ring it to comb at the same price.

HOW TO PREVENT SWARMING.

I presume there is nothing connected
with keeping bees in out-yards that
seems to the inexperienced .so formid-

268

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

able as swarming. And yet, if we go
at it systematically, it is not difficult
to control. Visit every yard once in
eight or nine days. Open every pop-
ulous hive, and, if preparing to swarm,
either remove the queen and cut all
the queen cells having larvae more than
three or four days old; or if the queen
has been previously removed, cut out all
queen cells, and, later, give all such a
virgin queen. The queen removed, if
vigorous, can, with a comb of brood
and a few bees, be made the nucleus of
a new colony. Instead of treating all
colonies in this may, I prefer to shake
the strongest colonies upon empty
combs (if I have them) or full sheets of
foundation, using the combs of brood
for building up weaker colonies, or
any nuclei that have been started.

Of course, all queens should be
clipped before swarining begins. This
method gives about the right increase,
and a large amount of honey. If a yard
of bees are run for extracted honey.

with large hives and frequent extract-
ing, the swarming problem is not seri-
ous; indeed, it pretty nearly solves
itself.

Where out-yards are run for comb
honey, I should not think of getting
along without a small building for
storing combs, clamps, cushions for
use in wintering, tools, etc., as well as
the honey in its season. It is better to
keep a smoker, and such tools as are
in constant use, at each yard. It is
not pleasant to go five miles from home
for a day's work and then discover
that, for some unaccountable reason,
you have left your smoker at home.

I hardly need to add that in locating
out-yards, a place should be selected
where there is likely to be a large
supply of clover, basswood, or buck-
wheat, or all combined; in fact where
there is likely to be the best yield of
honey.

MiDDLKBURY, Vt., Nov. 15, 1904.

r«^^M(» .jiu^iF*^ .^,i.iiF*^<^^.«.#».^^»j<» .^»^*^»^. '^'.d'.-i'^ .•^•..'jt^ .^»^^-*», «.****■ ^p»«n*^«^^ir« .^.^»^*. ^»,r*rf«

"Know something of everything, and
everything of some one thing."

■n^-a^-m^^'a

Mr. D. E. Lyon is doing some very ex-
cellent photographic work for Glean-
ings.

Peace now reigns over the apicul-
tural world. There are no bickerings,
nor warring factions. Long may this
condition last.

Handle the bees now if they must be
handled any more this fall. After this
month there ought to be no pulling to
pieces of the brood nest. Feeding may
be delayed until next month, but there
is no really good reason why it should
not be done at once.

C. E. Woodward writes that there were
two errors in his article that appeared
in the July issue of the Review. The
cost of building up his home apiary,
including buildings, was $3,333 34, in-
stead of only $333.34. The honey tanks
held 2,000 pounds, each, instead of
gallons.

■••» ^i^^pf'a'

M. A. Gill of Colorado writes that
Colorado bee-keepers have jnst passed
through their poorest season — no in-
crease and little surplus — but those who
are giving their bees proper attention
will have them in good condition for
winter. To use his exact words: "You
know a good General tries to make a
good retreat when he sees he is
licked."

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

269

Corrugated Board, such as is used in
packing- bottles and other fragile arti-
cles, for shipment, is sug-gested in
Glean ing-s, by J. A. Green, for use as
strips to place under sections in the
no-drip shipping cases, instead of the
usual strips of wood. This corrug-ated
board possesses considerable elascity,
and would help to lessen the damage
from bumps.

Huber, the youngest member of Mr.
A. I. Root's family, is now a married
man. On the 6th of this month he and
Miss Mabel Knisley, of Butler, Indiana,
joined hands and fortunes, and will
make their home at Medina. Huber is
a bright, energretic, agreeable young
man, and, unconsciously, makes friends
for himself and the Root company
where ever he goes. The Review
wishes him and his young bride a long,
happy and useful life.

Have you voted for candidates for the
officers to be elected in the National
Association next November ? If not,
do so at once. In the last issue of the
Review I made some suggestions as to
candidates. Jas. A. Green, in Glean-
ings, sug-gests the name of O. L.
Hershiser as candidate for President.
Dr. C. C. Miller writes me to say that
he has been a Director ever since there
were any Directors, and that he is no
longer a candidate— that he would
refuse the office if elected.

"The Honey-Money Stories, " is the title
of a 64-page booklet recently g-otten out
by Geo. W. York & Co., of Chicag-o. It
is printed on enameled paper, and
beautifully illustrated with between 30
and 40 half-tone engravings. In the
back of the book are three bee-song-s,
set to music. It is edited by Earl M.
Pratt, and contains a variety of short
bright stories, interspersed with facts
md interesting items about honey and
ts use. In fact, the primary object of
he book seems to be that of awaken-

ing: interest in honey, and increasing-
its consumption. The price is 2.5 cts
for a single copy, or five copies for
$1.00.

The West Michigan Fair, to be held at
Grand Rapids, Sept. IS to 22, has in-
troduced something- of an innovation in
its bee department. From 10 a. m. to
12 m., on each of four days, some ex-
pert bee-keeper is to g-ive a talk, and
answer questions on bee-keeping-. Here
is the program: —

Tuesday, Sept. 19— W. Z. Hutchin-
son, Editor of Review.

Wednesday, Sept. 20— S. D. Chap-
man, whose honey crop for 1905 is
17,000 pounds.

Thursday, Sept. 21— E. D. Town-
send— 1905 crop 25,000 pounds.

Friday, Sept. 22— Geo. H. Kirk-
patrick— 1905 crop 14,000 pounds.

These talks may be made to .serve a
useful purpose, and Superintendent
Woodman is to be congratulated upon
his enterprising methods and manag-e-
ment.

Keeping Queens over the winter is
something that has never been prac-
ticed to any great extent, except as
they are kept over in full colonies. In
the fall queens are plentiful and cheap,
in the spring they are dear and scarce,
and if there could be discovered some
cheap, practical manner of keeping-
over a surplus, it would be a boon to
queen breeders and purchasers, alike.
In a limited way, I have tried winter-
inor over nuclei in the cellar, but it
was not a success. Dr. Miller tells, in
Gleaning-s, of his success in dividing-
colonies in the fall, gnving- an extra
queen to a queenless half, and winter-
ing both halves and both queens in the
same hive, by putting- a thin, board
partition between the two halves. By
looking in at the entrance, in the
winter, the Doctor says that he would
find the two halves formed into one
cluster; divided, of course, by the
division board.

270

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Jacob Alpaugh, one of Canada's
brig-ht sons, is still in the bee-keeping
ranks, to some extent. I met him this
fall when I was over at Toronto award-
ing the preminms in the bee depart-
ment of their fair. For the last year
or two he has kept about 150 colonies
in a new region up near Owen Sound.
I asked him if he was still in the bee
business. He said, yes, as a sort of
side-issue. "What is your main busi-
ness, then, I asked ?" "Hunting and
fishing," was the reply. He takes his
dogs, guns, boat and fishing tackle
with him, and the summer's work with
the bees is pretty thoroughly mixed up
with sport. By the way, he told me
that his apiary was located in an old,
neglected orchard, where the limbs had
grown to such an extent that the ends
had met and inter-lapped. One tree
had died some time ago, leaving an
opening of perhaps ten or twelve feet,
and all of the bees from the 150 colonies
passed out and in that opening. Some-
times, when a storm was coming up, or
a black, thick cloud passed over, driv-
ing in the bees, this opening would be
so filled with bees as to complete!}'
obscure the sky.

• •^Mtf-aP^F^*

Grading Rules seem to be destined to
come in for a new discussion. I well-
remember what a time we had getting
the present ones adopted. It was
found to be useless to discuss them in
open convention, as the discussion
would never end. Finally it was re-
ferred to a committee, and the com-
mitte wrestled with it for hours, and
the final form was a compromise, as it
was impossible to even get two mem-
bers to agree on all points. After the
rules were finally approved by the con-
vention, thej' came in for a lot of criti-
cism from bee-keepers in different
parts of the country. Some bee-keep-
ers have even gone so far as to condemn
all rules of grading; saj'ing that they
were not only unnecessary, but their
use really robbed the bee-keeper. Be-

fore the coming convention of the Na-
tional, it might be well to discuss this
matter of grading. Do we need rules,
and, if so, what changes ought to be
made in the ones adopted a dozen years
ago by the National ? See these rules
at the head of the column of honey
quotations, on the inside of the back
cover.

«n^«, •^■»»*,ri»

Taking off a Hive Cover, if it is a flat
cover and no quilt is used, is sometimes
not the easiest thing if the weather is a
little cool and the cover stuck down
solid with propolis. Of course, it cat/
be pulled oflf easily enough, kicked oft"
or jerked off, but the snap with which
it comes off irritates the bees. To get
rid of this snap with which the cover
usually comes loose, place the left
hand upon the center of the cover and
bear down lightlj'. Place the fingers
of the right hand under one corner of
the cover and lift up with a long steady
pull. The result will be the cover will
gradually give up its grip upon the
hive and come off quietly — the counter-
pressure of the left hand upon the center
of the cover preventing that annoying
snap. Mr. Elias E. Cov'e3'ou, of
Petoskey, Mich., told me this wrinkle.

u'-uf »^*»-»F^»

Why Re-Queening Prevents Swarming.

It is quite generall}' admitted that
re-queening with young queens has a
tendencj' to prevent swarming. I have
never been able to see any reason why,
but Adrian Getaz, in the Western Bee
Journal (now discontinued) says it is
not so much because of the age of the
queen, as that re-queening, when the
colony rears its own queen, leaves the
colony several days without any sealed
brood. During this time the 3'oung
bees, that would otherwise be engaged
in feeding larvae, take to field-work,
and when the young queen begins to
lay, the excess of nurse-bees has ceased
to exist; and this excess is not likely
to occur again until the swarming
season is over. He saj's the same re-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

271

suits wonld be secured, so far as
swarmin,e^ is concerned, if tlie old queen
were removed until the bees had been
four days without unsealed brood, and
then returned ag^ain. I have, for sev-
eral years, sold tested queens in the
sprincr, and introduced youn^ laying-
queens from the South in their places,
and it almost entirely prevented
swarming-. Many of these queens
were introduced to colonies that had
first built a batch of queen cells, and
all colonies would be without a laying-
queen a few days while the young
queen was being introduced, and it is
possible that this same principle of
leaving the bees with a scarcity of un-
sealed brood for a short time is wliat
worked the change. El wood, and
others who practice removing or c.iging
the queen at the beginning of the
swarming season, releasing her again
in 1.5 or 20 days, cutting out the queen
cells in the meantime, are taking ex-
actly the course advocated by our
frierd Getaz. While it may make no
practical difference in the working of
the plan, there is always a lot of satis-
faction to some of us in knowing "the
reason why. ' '

The Good Seasons Will Come Again.

I have a most sensible letter from a
subscriber in one of the Southern
States. He writes rather discourag-
ingly in regard to his location, saying
that there have been repeated failures,
year after year, and, in two years he
has fed 20 barrels of sugar to keep tiie
bees alive.

In former years he had harvested
crops that were phenominal, and was
able to rear queens continually from
March to October, with no feeding at
all. Now all this is changed. He
says the question with him is, shall he
go somewhere else ? Upon investiga-
tion, he says it has found that nearly
all localities have periods of failure,
the same as he is now experiencing-.
He has about concluded that nothing

may be gained by changing-. If the
same kinds of honey producing- plants
are present, in larg-e numbers, as those
that furnished the bigf crops of the
past, I think I should stay by them.
Along- in the nineties we had very poor
honey crops here in Michig-an— so poor
that I came as near being discourag-ed
as I ever did. I began to feel that, as
the country was being cleared up, the
honey plants were disappearing-, and
that the g-ood crops were things of the
past, and not of the future. In this I
was mistaken. The last three years
have furnished excellent harvests. As
reported recently, in the Review, one
bee-keeper near here secured, last year,
nearly 100 pounds of comb honey, per
colony, from 60 colonies, spring--count.
Taking the country as a whole, it
appears as thoug-h the crop for this
year will be a light one, but Michigan
is furnishing a good crop. And, so it
goes. That is, the good seasons come
and go; and, unless the plants have
been destroyed that furnish the
honey, unless the conditions have
been radically changed in some man-
ner, I think it doubtful if it is wise to
change localities because of a few
years of failure.

MP-mrmJt^jtM'r^>'

Comb Honey Production in the West.

Here is another criticism upon my
plan of comb honey production. It
comes from that veteran, E. F.
Atwater, who lives in Idaho, He
says: —

Friend W. Z.^Your system for the
production of comb honey as given on
page 178, of the June Review is no
doubt much better for your locality, or
the Eastern States in general, than for
any part of the arid West. P'irst, the
super nearest completion must never,
for more than a very few days, be
separated from the brood-nest by more
than one super.

To induce the bees to begin work,
the third or fourth super may be put
next the brood-nest for a short time
and then raised to the top. When two
or more supers are on the hive, as a
rule I want the super nearest comple-

272

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

tion to be the second super from the hive,
rather than having it always next the
hive, as in the Hershisher plan. The
Hershiser method results in too many
burr and brace combs, and the clogging
of the brood nest, as my helper of 1903
can testify, when we gave that plan a
thorough trial. My method of tiering
(first worked out, I think, by Dr. Mil-
ler) results in better finish, as well as
enabling us to come nearer handling
full supers only, in our yard work.
Try it. Towards the close of the
season, when doubtful if the bees will
need more room, it is all right to give
the empty super on top.

Contraction is of little use here,
when hiving swarms. Better have
swarms, either forced or natural, of
such strength that it will not be neces-
sary to contract an eight-frame hive of
standard size. An average good queen
with a large swarm, can easily fill
such a hive with brood, which is what
we need to insure workers for our sec-
ond crop from alfalfa. The old colony
will often be as good as the best dur-
ing the second flow; especially if any
full combs of honey be removed from
the brood nest, when the young queen
begins laying, and full sheets of wired
foundation substituted.

If you were to unite those swarms
when hived, rather than at the close of
the season, wouldn't you get more
honey, better brood combs, better finish
and do it with less work ? If I re-
member right, you once said in a foot-
note to an article by C. Davenport,
that it was your practice to hive two
or more swarms in a hive. That pays,
if honey is the object.

Friend Atwater, I have never prac-
ticed hiving two swarms in one hive,
but I most cheerfully admit that the
practice might bring about all of the
desirable results that you mention. I
should like to see the experiment tried,
of hiving two swarms together in an
eight-frame brood nest, and that of
hiving swarms singly in brood nests
contracted to five frames, and then
compare results.

The National Convention to be Held in

Chicago.

Ever since the breaking out of the

yellow fever in the South, have I been

receiving letters from different parts

of the country suggesting that the place
of meeting for the National convention
be changed to some Northern city. To
all, for a long time, I returned the
same reply: "Let's wait and see how
things turn out. If the fever is crushed
out of existence, or controlled, then we
can go to Texas just as well as ever."
To a certain extent, the fever has been
controlled, but there seems to be no
probability that it will be done with
before the time that has been set for
holding our convention in San Antonio.
The time has come when we can wait
no longer. If a change is to be made,
it must be made at once, that bee-keep-
ers may be planing accordingly. Be-
fore taking up the matter with the Ex-
ecutive Committee, I wrote to the
Directors, the editors of the leading
bee journals, and to several of the most
prominent bee-keepers, asking for their
views on the subject. The majority
was overwhelmingly in favor of a
change. The matter was then taken
us with the Executive Committee, and
every member favored a change to
Chicago, during the fat stock show,
the first week in December. It is pos-
sible that some other Northern city has
greater claims than Chicago for the
holding of the convention, but the meet-
ing must be held where reduced rail-
road rates will be assured, and the fat
stock show furnishes these.

It is possible that there is no real
danger from the fever at San Antonio,
but the fea7' of it is real, and would
have kept away the Northern people.
The bee-keepers of Louisana and
Mississippi would have been shut up
in their own States. Texas has had a
slim crop of honey this year, and.
taken all in all, a convention this fal'
in San Antonio would have been a
pretty slim affair. I think that even
the Texans themselves would rather
wait another year, when, if all goes I:
well, the convention can be held in
San Antonio with every assurance of a
big crowd.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

273

Arranc^ements have been completed
for holding,'- the meetinj:!^ in Chicag-o, at
the Revere House, corner of Michigan
and Clark Sts., on the 5th, 6th and 7th
of December. This hotel can accom-
modate at least 300 bee-keepers, and
the rates are 75 cts for a room alone,
or 50 cts. each where two occupy the
same room. Meals are extra, or they
may be secured at nearby restaurants.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Secretary.

The Temperalure at which Liquids Boil.

Many of us have fallen into the habit
of thinkings: that the "boiling-point" is a
certain degree of heat— that, for in-
stance, at which water boils. And
rig-ht here let it be explained that
water does not always boil at the same
temperature. At the level of the sea it
boils at 212deg-rees Farenheit, but the
higher we ascend, the lower thedegree
of heat at which it will boil. The less
the atmospheric pressure, the less the
heat required to bring- the water to the
boiling point. In sugar factories, the
boiling^ is done in a vacuum, as the
deg-ree of heat required is so much
lower. Quite a graphic, as well as
somewhat amusing, illustration of the
pranks that altitude plays in the
matter, was given me by a bee-keeper
who went West on account of his wife's
health. They went up into the mount-
ains and lived in a tent. The husband
was out "prospecting" the first fore-
noon, and returned at noon for his din-
ner, only to find his wife all wrought
up because the beans were not cooked.
"I have boiled them all of the fore-
noon," she exclaimed, "and they are
just as hard as ever they were." The
husband was well-stocked with "book
larnin' " and it did not take him long
to decide why this mysterious perform-
ance—they were so high up that the
water boiled at such alow temperature
that there was not sufficient heat to

cook the beans. They found, after-
wards, that they could not cook even
potatoes by boiling— it was necessary
to bake them.

There is still another phase of
this matter, and one in which bee-
keepers are probably more interested,
and that is that all liquids do not boil
at the same temperature. The heavier
the liquidthe greater the heat required
to bring it to the boiling point. Honey
will not boil at the same point that
brings water to the boiling point. I
came across quite a graphic illustra-
tion of that the other day when out on
an inspecting tour, A bee-keeper
wished to boil some honey that he had
extracted from foul broody colonies.
He bought two wash-boilers— a No. 8
and a No. 9. He set the No. 8 inside
the No. 9, putting sticks under the
inside boiler to keep it off the bottom
of the outside boiler. He tilled the inside
boiler with honey, and the space be-
tween the boilers he filled with water,
and then built a fire in the stove upon
which they stood. He brought the
water to the boiling point, and kept it
there for an hour and a half, but the
honey woiildiiH boil! He finally set the
boiler containing the honey directly
uDon the stove, and then he could boil
the honey. It was a puzzle to him why
the honey did not boil when the water
boiled.

Liquids lighter than water will boil
at a less temperature than that re-
quired to boil water. Liquids heavier
than water require a higher tempera-
ture. There have been some experi-
ments made to show at what tempera-
ture, and how long continued, the seeds
of foul brood may be expected to lose
their vitality. The results of these ex-
periments have not always agreed with
the actual practice of boiling the
honey. In this connection it would be
well to remember that in making the
scientific experiments, the boiling has
not been done in honey, but in some
lighter liquid, like water, in which the

274

THE BEE-KEEPEKS* REVIEW

boiling- point was reached at a lower
degree of heat.

While I have never known honeythat
has been thoroughly boiled to com-
municate foul brood, I think a better
plan is to use all honey of doubtful
safety in bakeries, where the heat will
destroy all germs, or else by making it
into vinegar.

Out-Door Wintering of Bees.
If bees can enjoy frequent flights,
out of doors is the place to winter
them. If deprived of these flights, a
temperature of about 45 degrees enables
them to bear a much longer confine-
ment than does a temperature below
freezing. In the South, frequent flights
are assured; in the North, no depend-
ence can be placed upon the matter-
Some winters are "open," or there are
January thaws, allowing the bees to
enjoy cleansing flights, while other
winters hold them close prisoners for
four or five months. It is this element
of uncertainty attending the wintering
of bees in the open air that has driven
so many bee-keepers to the adoption of
cellar wintering. Still, there are some
bee-keepers who, from some peculiarity
of location or management, are able to
winter their bees in the open air with
quite uniform success; others are com-
pelled, for the present, at least, to
winter the bees out of doors; in short,
a large portion of the bees, even in the
North, are wintered in the open air,
and probably will be for a longtime to
come. While my preference is the cellar,
there is much to be said in favor of
out-door wintering. Let me give one
or two instances of success: Ira D.
Bartlett, of East Jordan, Michigan,
which is away in the northern portion
of the lower peninsula, began keeping
bees when only 14 years of age— began
with only one colony— and when 21
years old he had ISO colonies, and had
never lost a colony wintering them out
of doors. His method of protection
was very thorough. He packed four

colonies in one box, putting packing
not only at the sides, and on top,
but also below the hives. The packing
was fine, dry sawdust, and the roof to
the box had eaves that extended over
like the eaves of a railroad station,
which allowed the roof to be raised up
a short distance above the box for
ventilation, yet the snow would not get
in to any great extent. There was a
sort of vestibule in front of the en-
trances, and this vestibule was kept
closed by means of a board, it being
removed only when there came a day
warm enough for the bees to fly— some-
thing that rarely occurred in the
winter. So warm and comfortable
were the bees when so snugly housed
that they even brought the dead bees
out and dropped them in the vestibule.
I suspect that the thorough protection,
combined with the perfect ventilation,
allowing no accum.ulation of moisture,
is the secret of this wonderful success.
Another instance was that of two
ladies wlio began bee-keeping in
Northern Michigan before the iron
horse had invaded that region, and
who were uniformly successful, for a
long series of years, in wintering their
bees out of doors, packed in chaflf.
Like Mr. Bartlett, they furnished
abundant upward ventilation, above
the packing. An opening a foot square
was cut in the top of the box contain-
ing the chaff that was placed over the
colony, and this opening was covered
with wire cloth to keep out mice; and
then, over all, to keep out the storms,
was a large roof. So successful were
these ladies, that, from first to last, I
have paid theni nearly $1,000 for bees.
It does not seem as though the ques-
tion of whether bees should be pro-
tected, here in the North, need receive
any consideration whatever, yet it has
been objected to on the grounds that
the packing becomes damp, that it de-
pri.'es the bees of the warmth of the
sun, and that they sometimes fail to
fly in the winter, because the outside

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

275

warmth is so slow in reaching them,
when bees in sing-le-wall hives may be
in full flig-ht. There is occasionally a
still, mild day in winter, upon which
the sun shines out bright and strong
for an hour or two, and bees in single-
wall hives enjoy a real cleansing flight,
while the momentary rise in the tem-
perature passes away ere it has pene-
trated the thick walls of a chaff hive.
On the other hand, there are days and
weeks, and sometimes months, un-
broken by these rises in temperature;
and the bees must depend for their ex-
istence upon the heat generated by
themselves; and the more perfect the
non-conductor by which they are sur-
rounded, the less will be the loss of
heat. When bees are well-protected,
there is less necessity for flight than
when the protection is slight. If a
bee-keeper thinks, however, that bees
in a chaff hive ought to fly on a warm
diiy, and they don't fly, he has only to
remove the covering from over the bees,
and allow them to fly from the tops of
the hives.

For several winters I left a few col-
onies unprotected; and I discontinued
the practice only when thoroughly con-
vinced that, in this locality, the losses
were lessened by protection. In severe
winters the bees in the outside spaces,
or ranges of combs, died first; the
cluster became smaller, the bees in
more ranges died; and, by spring, all
were dead, or the colony so reduced in
numbers, and the survivors so lacking
in vitality, as to be practically worth-
less

I have never seen any ill effects from
dampness, but I have always given
abundant ventilation above the pack-
ing. When the warm air from the
cluster passes up through the packing,
and is met by the cold, outer air, some
condensation of moisture takes place.
This moistens the surface of the pack-
ing, but it remains comparatively dry
underneath. With a good strong col-
ony of bees, and ventilation above the

packing, I have never known trouble
from moisture.

In the giving of protection, chaff
hives have the advantage of always
being ready for winter, and of doing
away with the labor and untidiness of
packing and unpacking; but they are
expensive and cumbersome. It is some
work to pack bees in the fall, and to
unpack them again in the spring,
but light, single-wall, readily-movable
hives during the working season are
managed with enough less labor to
more than compensate for that of pack-
ing and unpacking. Then there is an-
other point: The work of packing and
unpacking comes when there is com-
parative leisure, while the extra work,
caused by great, unwidely hives, comes
at a time when the bee-keeper is work-
ing on the keen jump.

P'or packing material I have used
wheat chaff, forest leaves, planer shav-
ings and dry sawdust. I have never
used cork-dust, but it is probably the
best packing material. Its non-con-
ductivity is nearly twice that of chafi^,
while it never becomes damp. The
only objection is that it is not readily
obtainable, and usually costs some-
thing, while the other substances men-
tioned cost nothing. What they lack
in non-conductivity can be made up in
quantity. And this brings up the point
of the proper thickness for packing. I
have often thrust my hand into the
packingsurrounding a populous colony
of bees; and found the warmth per-
ceptible at a distance of four inches
from the side, and six inches from the
top. This would seem to indicate the
thickness when sawdust or chaff are
used. I presume that packing has been
condemned when it was not more than
half done that is, when not enough
material was used. I don't appreci-
ate the arguments of those who advo-
cate the use of thin packing. I don't
believe that the benefit of the heat from
the sun during an occasional bright
day, can compensate for the lack of

276

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

protection during months of extreme
cold.

Hollow walls, with no packing-, have
had their advocates; and it has been
asked if these dead (?) air spaces were
not equally as good non-conductors of
heat as those filled with chaff. They
are not. In the first place the air is
not "dead;" it is constantly moving.
The air next the inside wall becomes
warm and rises; that next the outer
wall cools and settles; thus there is a
constant circulation that robs the inner
wall of its heat.

If chafP hives are not used, how shall
the packing be kept in place ? I know
of nothing better than boxes made of
cheap lumber. If there is lack of room
for storing them in summer, they can
be made so as to be easily "knocked
down," and stacked up when not in
use. Of course, bees can be packed
more cheaply by setting the hives in
long rows, building a long box about
them, and filling it with the material
used for packing. With this method
the packing ought to be postponed
until it is so late that the bees are not
likely to fly again until they have for-
gotten their old locations; else some of
the bees will be lost, or some of the
colonies get more than their share of
bees. When they have a "cleansing
flight" in winter, there is also a likeli-
hood of some bees returning to the
wrong hive. Then when the bees are
unpacked in the spring, there is more
confusion and mixing; but I don't look
upon this as so very serious a matter.
At this time of the year, other things
being equal, a bee is worth just about
as much in one hive as in another. If
there is any difference in the strength
of colonies, the weaker ones might be
left nearest to where the bees were
unpacked.

Speaking of being compelled to wait
about packing the bees until they were
not likely to fly again until some time
in the winter, reminds me that advan-
tages have been claimed for early pack-

ing; that the bees in single-wall hives
only wear themselves out with frequent
flights that are to no purpose, while
those that are packed are not called
out b3' every passing ray of sunshine;
that the early-packed bees sooner get
themselves settled down for the winter's
nap, and are in better condition for
winter when it comes. It is possible
that there is sonneting in this, but there
were two or three 3'ears in which I
tried packing a colony or two as early
as the first of September; and I con-
tinued to pack a colony every two or
three days until the fore part of No-
vember, and I was unable to discern
any advantage in ver3' early packing.
If the bees are protected before freezing
weather comes, I believe that is
enough.

There is one other point that ought
not to be neglected in preparing the
bees for winter, whether in-doors or
out, and that is the leaving of a space
below the combs. When wintered out
of doors there ought to be a rim two
inches high placed under each hive.
This not only allovvs the dead bees to
drop away from the combs to a place
where they will dry up instead of
moulding between the combs, but if
there is an entrance cut in the upper
edge of the rim, there will be no possi-
bility of its becoming clogged. This
empty space under the combs saems to
have a wonderful influence in bringing
the bees through in tine condition, and
I am not certain ivhy.

Weak colonies can seldom be win-
tered successfully out of doors. They
cannot generate sufficient heat. In
the cellar, where the temperature sel-
dom goes below 40 degrees, quite weak
colonies can be successfully wintered.

As I understand it, this whole matter
of out-door wintering of bees might be
summed up in a few words: Populous
colonies; plenty of good food; and
thorough protection. Simple, isn't it ?
Yet there is a world of meaning
wrapped up in those few words.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

277

RESERVE COMBS.

The Advantages that May Come from
Their Use in Spring.

It often happens that bees are short
of stores in the spring-. Particularly is
this true with small hives. It does not
require so very much honey to carry
the beesthroucrh the v^inter, especially
if wintered in the cellar. According-
to some experiments that I once made
in weighing- colonies while in the
cellar, only about a pound of honey a
month is consumed until breeding be-
gins in the spring. Five or six pounds
of honey will probably be about the
amount of honey that an average col-
ono will consume while in the cellar,
provided all goes well, and there is no
premature breeding or other abnormal
conditions, but as soon as brood rear-
ing begins, stores disappear as by
magic. The bee-keeper may think,
when the colonies are first set out of
the cellar, that there are abundant
stores to carry them through — a month
later the bees may be on the verge of
starvation. At this time, or a little
before this time comes, is when it pays
to feed bees in the spring; and, for this
purpose, nothing is ahead of solid
combs of sealed honey. Sometimes it
seems as though the bees "took stock"
of the stores on hand, and guided them-
selves accordingly. When I visited
Mr. J. P. Moore, of Kentucky, last
spring, he told me of the bountiful
harvests that his bees gather in the
fall from asters. This honey is not
very good for winter stores, so the
brood nests are left undisturbed, with
their stores of clover, and the bees en-
couraged to store the aster honey in
the supers. These solid combs of aster
honey are kept until spring, and given
to the bees as fast as they can use the
lioney, and Mr. Moore said that one
would be surprised at the beneficial
effect of these combs of honey — colonies
boiling over with bees, and combs full
of brood at the opening of the honey

harvest. All these things came to me
as I read a short editorial in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal of August 31st. It
sa3's: —

Are you planning to have a goodly
number of combs of sealed honey readv
to give to needy colonies next spring"?
Perhaps it would be better not to speak
of giving them to needy colonies, but
rather to colonies that can take them.
A colony may have enough honey to
supply its wants up to the time the
white honey harvest begins, and the
beginner may think, "Well, that is all
that is needed. "

There may be a good profit, however,
in giving combs of sealed honey, even
if those combs are not needed to pre-
vent starvation. The dark fall honey
is not worth as tnuch on the market as
the earlier light honey, and, indeed,
in some cases it is hardly marketable.
But before any of the white honey is
stored in supers, the bees will fill the
vacancy in the brood-chamber. Now,
suppose you have sealed combs of dark
honey to fill that vacancy. Every
pound of dark honey you thus put in
the brood-chamber means a pound
more of light honey in the super, prac-
tically making that dark honey of the
same value as the light. See the point ?
If you do, make preparations accord-
ingly.

There is also another point that I
wish my friends would notice, and
that is, see how much of that dark
honey goes into the sections. You
know we have been told what an aw^f ul
sin it is to feed sugar in the spring, as
some of it might get into the surplus,
the bees carrying it there from the
brood nest. Now. if you feed dark
honey in the spring, you will be able
to note how much danger there is of
honey from the brood nest getting into
the supers.

REMOVING BEES FROM THE COMBS.

How the Work May Be Done Late in

Autumn Without Brushing or the

Use of Escapes.

Getting bees oflF the combs when ex-
tracting must be done late in autumn

278

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

is a task. If there is any way of rob-
bing it of its unpleasant features, let
us know it. A writer in the Progres-
sive Bee-Keeper gave an excellent plan
about a year ago. It is simple, and,
perhaps well-known, but there are
always new men coming into the ranks,
so no harm will come if it is printed
once more. Here is what the writer in
the Progressive had to say on the
subject: —

"I presume that nearly all bee-keep-
ers know that if there is a time when
bees are vicious and dead bent on
stinging, it is in the late Autumn when
there is little or no honey coming in,
and to attempt to take the combs from
the hive and brush them one at a time
is a task that takes considerable nerve.
To avoid this I have an assistant to use
the smoker, go to a hive, give a few
puffs at the entrance, pry off the upper
story, place it on the wheel barrow,
remove the excluder and put on the
cover, this is done so quickly that the
robbers have not discovered which hive
j'ou are working on. Have the assist-
ant keep watch of the honey on the
wheel barrow and smoke away any
robbers that may attempt to pilfer.
When the barrow is loaded, wheel it
into the honey house and stack the
hives up near a screen door having an
escape. It would be better if the door
had several escapes, let each body ex-
tend a little over the end of the one be-
neath it, so that the bees may escape
without going clear up to the top. In
this way you can pile them up six or
seven high and almost as close together
as the hives will stand. The bees will
collect on the screen faster than they
can escape and when quite a number
have collected on it push the screen
door partly ajar and strike it on the
inside with the hand, this will dis-
lodge nearly every one. Be quick
about it and close the door before many
robbers can enter, for they are sure
to be there looking for a chance to
enter.

A HONEY CIRCULAR.

One That is to be Placed Where it will do
the Most Good.

The Honey Producers' League has
not accomplished all of the things that

it hoped for when it was organized,
but it has, in a humble way, made a
start along the road that it had laid out.
Grocers and their clerks, if well-in-
formed and willing, can do much to-
wards killing off the artificial comb
honey canard, but the truth of the mat-
ter is that some of them are wofully
ignorant, and, even if well-informed,
generally, are not well prepared to
combat this damaging story. For this
reason the Honey Producers' League
has prepared a circular, a copy of
which maybe sent out in each shipping
case of honey. Here is a copy of the
circular: —

TO THE PURCHASERS OE THIS HONEY.

The producer of this Comb Honey,
and also the undersigned, guarantee
that the product in tliese sections, or
small frames, was all made by honey-

There is no such thing as manufaclured
comb honev. It never was made and
never can be, newspaper and magazine
articles to the contrary. If any one
says there is such a thing as manu-
factured comb honey on the market,
just tell that person that the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, an organ-
ization of over 2000 members, through
its General Manager, N. E. France, of
Platteville, Wisconsin, will pay $1000
for proof of machine-made combs filled
with glucose or any other cheap syrup,
and capped over by machinery without
the aid of bees. Also, a corporation
capitalized at $300,000, all paid in, has
had for many years a standing oflTer of
a like sum for the same so-called
manufactured comb honey as described
and the offer is still good. In addition
to this, the bee-expert, a life-long bee-
keeper, now in the employ of the De-
partment of Agriculture at Washing-
ton, has repeatedly, in government
bulletins and in public addresses,
denied the existence of any such pro-
duct. For evidence of this fact refer
to the report of the Secretary of Agri-
culture for 1904, page 83; also to Farm-
ers' Bulletin No. 59, for 1905, pages 32
and 34, also issued by the Depertment
of Agriculture, entitled "Bee-Keeping, ' '
by Frank Benton.

It may be well to state that the basis
of these comb-honey canards is ]iossi-
bly due to the fact that the flavor of
honey in one locality may be very dif-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

279

ferent from that of another; that when
one tastes of a honey quite different in
color and flavor from that whicii he
used to eat on the old farm, he con-
cludes that it is adulterated or manu-
factured, especially if it be of poor
quality. As a matter of fact, the comb
honey from California is just as differ-
ent from the article produced in the
Central and Eastern States as the
fruits of that State are different from
those in New England. In the same
way, the hone3' from Texas differs very
widely from that produced in Ohio, or
honey from Florida from that in Texas.
Some honej's, like that from buck-
wheat, are very dark; others are not
only dark but ill flavored, and should
never be sent to market, but be sold to
the baker or fed back to the bees for
rearing young- bees.

Two-thirds of the States in the Union
have pure-food laws; and one may rest
assured that all the States where such
laws are in force, both honey in the
comb and in the liquid condition, gen-
erally called "extracted," is and must
be the genuine product of the hive.

The oft-repeated misstatements about
adulturated honey and manufactured
comb honey in the newspapers and
magazines has made it necessary for
The Honey Producers' League to put
out this statement, for the reason that
the general public has come to believe
that a large part of the honey on the
market is adulterated or manufactured.
If the dealer will join with the bee-
keeper in helping correct these mon-
strous 'ic'i, it will materiallj' increase
his sales of both comb and liquid
honey.

The Honey-Producers' League.

George W. York, Manager,

Chicago, 111.
Dr. C. C. Miller, President,

Marengo, 111.
George C. Lewis, Vice-pres.,

Watertown, Wis.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec'y, Flint, Mich.
A. L. Boyden, Treas., Medina, Ohio.

N. B. — Do not store comb honey in a
refrigerator, cold storage, or cellar.
These are the very worst places you
can put it. It should alivays be put in
the warmest and driest room you have.
It is advisable to keep liquid or ex-
tracted honey in the same warm dry
place.

The leading manufacturers are fur-
nishing these circulars; without cost,
with the shipping cases they send out.

Bee-Keepers' all over the country, if
not already supplied with these circu-
lars, ought to send for some and use
them. The cost is only 10 cents for 50,
and it would seem that any bee-keeper
would be willing to pay this much to
help dispel these damaging stories
about his product. They can be
secured from the Manager of the
League, Mr. Geo. W. York, 334 Dear-
born St., Chicago, 111.

THE COST OF HONEY.

How a Large Crop Lessens the Cost of
Production.

One of the old, yet ever new, subjects
connected with bee-keeping, is the cost
of production. No other more important
point can be considered. If we produce
above the selling price, we are losing.
Neither will it answer to produce at
the selling price. We must not only
produce below the selling price, but
considerably below, if there is to be a
living profit. I doubt if there are
many bee-keepers who know how much
it costs them per pound to produce
hone3\ One of the best articles that I
ever read on this subject was written
by R. L. Taylor, and read some 15
years ago at one of the Michigan State
conventions. I came across it the other
day, and the arguments are so forci-
ble, clear, and easy of application,
that I feel warranted in reproducing
the article entire. Mr. Taylor says: —

"Another year has come, scattering
its blessings where it listed, and is
gone, and whether it has favored us as
we had hoped and desired or not, we
may well look, and in no complaining
spirit, to discover if we may by what
rule its largesses have been bestowed,
and why our expectations have not
been met. To the country' at large its
bounties have been unexampled, but to
those who pursue that vocation which
this convention is met to promote, they
have been, we will pretty generally
agree, in one point at least, rather
meagre. But are we altogether right

280

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

in our estimate? Are we not too much
g-iven to cultivating- a feeling- of disap-
pointment that we do not get a heavy
crop rather than to accepting- an
averag-e crop with gratification, or to
making- the most of a small crop ?
Relatively we have of course had a bad
year; some have even had no surplus
at all, but on the average has the year
been necessarily an unprofitable one ?
I say necessarily because sometimes
one has notions of the profitable charac-
ter of the venture he is about to eng-ag-e
in so elevated that he wastes sufficient
to make a fair profit.

Once manj' 3'ears ag-o, a craze for the
production of hops took possession of
the farmers in a certain locality near
where I lived. Prices were high, the
crop in their estimation certain, and
so they were impressed with a cer-
tainty that inevitable wealth must fall
to everyone engaging in hop raising;
then naturally the absolute certainty of
coming wealth ushered in afeelingthat
it was already in possession, at farthest
the gold was only over the fence in the
soil of the hop field, and a little plow-
ing and harrowing in the spring would
secure it, so they were already wealthy
and acted on the assumption. No
effort was made to secure a line of
retreat. Victory was sure. Extrava-
gance in the building of hop houses, in
laying In supplies forthe packers, and
for the handling, weighing, drjang and
packing of the hops, ruled the hour.
But the storm came. Insects infested
the hops, the quantity, quality and
price were all lessened, and bank-
ruptcy overtook well nigh all of them.
The same thing is illustrated by num-
erous instances in the pine lumber
business. High expectations obscured
the necessity of care and economj', and
waste kicked the profits out of doors,
and let in disappointment and failure.

Ruminating upon these things in
connection with the business of honej'
production, the idea suggested itself
that perhaps our notions of the status
of beekeeping with respect to profits
and necessary expenses, need readjust-
ing, and that the present series of bad
years would be a good time to consider
the subject. It may be I thought that
we are risking a chance of failure by
encouraging fanciful prospects of suc-
cess which are much too highly colored
.so that we become content to calculate
that though by the spending of time in
the useless manipulation of the bees
and by the purchase of elaboate lines
of machinery and supplies, we make

the cost of our comb honey twelve
or fourteen cents, we maj' yet be sure
of a crop large enough so that the dif-
ference between those figures and the
selling price will yield a good profit.
I do not consider the prospects of pro-
fits in fair seasons with good manage-
ment, but I wish to call attention to
the danger of putting too much reliance
on the profits, trusting that they will
carry us througdi no matter what the
seasons are or to what a high point we
run expenses. If one practices proper
economy and thereby keeps expenses
down to the lowest reasonable point,
he still has no bonanza, to be sure, but
a safe, comfortable business. The cri-
terion of expenses should be actual
needs, not what it is supposed the busi-
ness will bear. If we make this latter
the test, as the majority are greatly
inclined to do, we are all sufficiently
optimistic to fall into the fatal error of
putting the average yearl}^ production
too high, and as a consequence to en-
counter failure in the end.

Mr. G. M. Doolittle has said that if
capital and labor get their due rew^ard
the cost of comb honey is thirteen cents
a pound. It would be interesting to
know how he arrived at his conclu-
sions. Did he take the average of the
seasons as they are with him as a
basis ? In that case, as the seasons
with him average better than with the
keepers generally, to them the cost
would be even greater than to him.
Then I would like to know how much
of the cost is labor and how much
capital. Maybehe is extravagant with
labor. Not long'- since, if I remember
correctly, he gave it as a reason why
he preferred a hive whose frames re-
quired handling to one which could be
handled in two sections, to accomplish
the same purpose, that he enjoyed
handling the frames — that he got his
pay in fun. It may be that Mr. Doo-
little and some other bee-keepers may
grow fat on fun, but I am pretty sure
that our wives and children will not
grow fat on the fun that we alone
enjoy. We may well enquire, too,
whether he figures in this kind of labor
to make up the thirteen cents cost, and
so is contriving to get full pay from
each of two sources. At all events it
requires no argument to show that it
would not do to permit the cost of honey
to reach thirteen cents per pound. If
it were a necessity to permit it bnt few
of us would remain in the business.

There is no one but will admit that
we should keep the cost down to the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

281

lowest possible point, and all would be
g'lad to know what that point is. Of
course there must be no extravag'ance
in buildinf,^s nor supplies, and there
must be no loss of valuable time. I
have made and submit tentatively some
estimates which maj' at least serve as
a stimulus to further calculations as
well as a conclusion to the su^-g-estions
I am making^. For ni}' fig-nres I have
taken one lumdred and fiftj' colonies
as perhaps the average number that
could profitably be kept in one place.
The expense is made up of what may
be called the fixed charges, i. e. , those
that are the same whether the crop is
l:irge or small, and the variable
charges which are made up of those ex-
penses which vary witli the amount of
the crop. The larger the crop the less
of course the cost per pound, and my
figures are made so as to bring- this
out somewhat in detail.

I estimate the value of the necessary
plant as follows:

Shop and cellar J 300 oo

Tools, cases, and e.xtras 150 00

ISO colonies bees al $5 750 00

Total Si, 200 00

So my table will stand thus:

FIXED CHARGHS.

Interest and wear and tear 01 plant at 10

per cent |r20 00

One man six weeks <lnriiig: honey harvest 45 00

Taking bees into and out of cellar ,S 00

Other manipulations .S 00

Total $'7590

VARIABLE CHARGE.S.

Cost per each 1,500 lbs. surplus, being an average
of ten lbs.

2,'- 00 .sections $

Foundation

Fastening in foundation

Putting up sections

Crates for packing lionty

Packing

Commissions and freight

Total $ 50 00

Total co,st of a ci-op of 10 lbs. on the
average; or 1,500 lbs., $225.

For each additional average of 10
lbs. there must be added $50, whence
we get the following results:

7

00

10

00

I

00

I

00

10 00

4

00

17

00

Average per

Aggregate

Aggrea

te

Cost

colony—

lbs.

lbs

cost

per lb.

10

1,500

$225

•15

20

3,000

300

.9 6

10

4,500

.^25

.0720

40

6,QOO

375

.(625

50

7,500

425

.056

60

9 000

475

.052

70

10,500

525

•05

Taking 15c as the
further step gives us
each case, as follows:

market price, a
the net profit in

Total crop

Price

Total

Total

Net

lbs.

value

cost

Profit

1,500

1.5c

$ 225

$'25

3,000

l.SC

450

275

1 175

4,500

>.SC

6-5

325

350

6,000

'.SC

900

375

525

7>.5oo

'5c

1. 1 25

42,=

700

9,000

'5C

1.3.S0

•175

875

10,500

'5C

I ,.575

525

1,050

These figures are far from di.scour-
aging-, but they speak powerfully for
keeping expenses down. In an
average location one who spends 365
days in the year on 150 colonies cannot
expect to get rich, but by making six
or seven weeks do, he can make his in-
vestment pay well. The difference in
the number of colonies in different
apiaries, the presence of buildings or
cellars that can be used without the ex-
pense of making special buildings and
cellars, and the difference in average
yields in different localities, make
great difference in the net cost of honey,
yet though our circumstances vary
greatly in many ways, we can, never-
theless, by severally calculating- the
cost in our respective cases, assist one
another in ptitting the business on a
more staple basis than it has hitherto
occupied.

LOW RATES TO COLORADO.

Via Chicago, Milwaukee & St» Paul

Railway,

Only $30.00 Chicago to Colorado and
return every day this Summer. Return
limit October 31. Two through trains
every day from Union Station, Chicago
Milwaukee & St. Paul and Union
Pacific Line. Leave Chicago 6:05 p.m.
arrive Denver 9:30 p.m. next day. Or,
leave Chicago 10:25 p.m.. arrive Denver
7:50 a.m. the second day. Descriptive
book on Colorado and California sent
to any address for six cents postage.
Folders free.

R. C. JONES,

Michigan Passenger Agent,

32 Campus Martins, Detroit Michigan-

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-
Cases, Berry Boxes and Crates for the
doming- season. By sending a list of
g-oods wanted, we can save joti mone}'.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.,
9-05-4t Sheboygan, Wis,

282

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

6

..... 4

Ik

iff

HONEY JARS

The No. 25 Hone}' Jar, Porcelain Cover,
Metal Screw Cap, absolutely tight, holding
one Pound of Honey, in shipping cases of
one Gross each.

1 gross lots $4.50 per grosp.

5 gross lots $4.00 per gross.

Also in strong

Rc-Shipping Cases

of two Dozen each, with heavy corrugated
partitions, sides, top and bottom — a perfect
protection.

1 case lots $1.00 per case.

5 case lots 95 per case.

10 case lots 90 per case.

F. O. B. New York — Prompt shipment on
receipt of order.

TUMBLERS

Kight-oz. Tumblers, tin caps, 3 dozen in
re-shipping case.

5 case lots, per case of 3 doz. , .85 cts.
lOcase lots, per case of 3 doz. , .80 cts.
20 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .75 cts.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN

265-267 Greenwich St.

And 82-84 Murray St

New York, N, Y.

If

/#m

?

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

283

""^1

About Bees and Bee Farming.

Well, in the Southwest, in many localities along
the Santa Fe lines, they have regular establishments
for raising honey, and many of them are "Bee
Ranches" and nothing else. It is the only business
where all you get is clear profit off of other people's
fields and flowers; and they don't object. Alfalfa honey
is unequaled, and comtnands the highest price. Nearly
all the Santa Fe Southwest is an alfalfa country.

GENERAL COLONIZATION AGENT,

1117 Railway Exchange, Chicago:

Please send infoiniation an per ad in BEK-KEEPKRS' RKVIEW.
Name

Address

Jf 1^
Santa Fe

STREET NO OR R F D-

284

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

PAXEZNT", BINGHAM SMOKERS. 2-4
YEARS the: BEIST". CATALOG FREIEI.

BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH.

VIRGINIA QUEENS.

Italian Queens secured by a cross
and jears of careful selection, from
Red Clover Queens and Superior Stock
obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson.
Untested queens, 75c; after June 15, fiOc
Tested queens, $1.00; after June 15, 75c
Selected tested queens, $1.25; after
June 15, $1.00.

Write a postal card for circular.

CHAS. KOLPPEN,
6o4-tf Fredericksburg-, Va.

and bees cost no more llian poor ones. We fur-
nish good ones on short notice. Untested, 75c
each; $400 for 6; or $7., so per dozen. Tested,
$i.2.seach. Breeders, S3. 00.

Nuclei, i-franie, with qnren, $1 50; 2-franie,
$2 00; 3-franie, $2.50. Absohite satisfaction or
no deal We breed six pure races. Price list
describing them free. We are agents for the
DittiTier comb foundation for this State and sell
at Dittnier's prices. If yon wish your wax work-
ed into foundation for cash we will receive same
and fur/iish you the lonndation Irom our stock;
which will save you much time and freight,

THE BEE A\n HONEY CO.,
2-05-tf Beeville, Tex.

Send for

1905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENO MF'C. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
^■o^-^^ 147-140 Cedar Lake KoHd

Paper Cutter

For Sale.

A :uaii living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be .sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

floor's beemsOPPLiies

{ROOT'S PI^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLBY & DEUBL, Kendall, Mich

— If you are Koing to —

bUy a buzz -saw,

write to the editor of the Kevikw. H<' Iihr a
aew Harnes saw to sell and would be gUd to
make \ou lianp.v by telling yon the price at
which ho would sell it.

American

BEE

Journal

All about Bees.

16-page Weekly.

Sample Free. $1

a year; 3 months'
Trial Trip, 20c. silver or stamps.
Best writers. Oldest bee-paper;
illustrated. Dept's for beginnerB
and for women bee-keepers.

GEORGE W.YORK&CO.
334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO. ILL.

THE BEE-I'EEPERS' REVIEW

285

m

SHIPPING CASES.

m
m

W4

We have thousands of letters on file in our office
■ praising' the quality of our shipping cases. If we
have pleased them and have maintained our qualitj',
we can please you. It is only a matter of a trial or-
der. For prompt shipment send us your order now.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power BIdg. Minneapolis, Minn.

I Can Sell Your Real Estate or
Business

No Matter Where
Located

Properties and busi
iiessolall kinds sold
quick y for cash in all
part>^ of the Uniled
States Don't wait.
Wriie toaay describ-
ing what you have to
sell and give cash
price on same.

A. R TONE WILSON, Jr.,

Real Estate Specialist

Topeka, Kansas.

Complete Modern
Apiary For Sale.

10 colonies Ualiiii b^i'S, in L,. hives; co mI)S
hnilt on full slieets of foundation, vsrlred; ample
stores for winter; complet-j sets of fixtures lor
producing bith c unb and extracted lv>ney.
\Vill sell entire, or parcel out, to suit purch iser.
Prii-e very low Buyer donated 'ease of place
Nov to Apr., if desired. Best wh te honey lo-
cation in Albany Co., and fair for buckwheat.
Flue local trade Write for particulars if you
mean bu.siuess.

905 It J. D. BIXBY,

Altamont, N. Y. R. F. D. No. 2.

GINSENG, i;

10,000 select roots
for sale for plant-
ing, at $500 per
100: also ginseng
seed at $[ 50 per ounce, or $20.00 per pound. As
I prepare it 98 per cent of this seed will germi-
nate. No reduction on large orders. My s-year
old roots will average fmm one to two ounces
when dry, and the Augu-it quotatiois for dry
roots are $8 00 per pound. Complete directions
for planting and care of beds will be sent with
each order. The work will not conflict with
apiarian work Address,

EUCI^ID RIDGR APIARIE-i.

Wickliffe, Ohio.

E Will B^y

a few tons of honey and pay cash at
your depot. Correspondence solicited.
Give full particulars hs to quality,
price wanted, etc. If satisfactory I
will call on you. A. W. SMITH,
9-(i5-2t Birminj,'-ham, Mich.

LEARN TELEGRAPHY and R. R.
ACCOUNTING.

$S'> '0 Sioo I er month salary assured ourgradn-
ales under bond Von don't paj' us until you have
a po-ition. Largest .system ol telegraph schools
in Auieric.i. En 'oisedby all railway officials
Operators always in demand. I^ac'ies also ad-
muteci. v\ I i e tore talogue.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY.

Cincinunti, O . I'l ff.n'o, N. Y , Atlanta, Ga., I<a
Crosse Wis., Te\arkHiia, Tex , San Francisco,
Calif. 8-os-4t

WANTED

comb honey. State price
and quautit\ .
C. H. W. WEBER, Cincinnati, Ohio.

286 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

The beg'inning' of the year is always a busy time
with publishers. Not one of them that would not give
quite a little if all renewals would come in before the
end of the year, then all chanjjes could be made, and be
out of the way, and the attention turned to something
else. As an inducement to subscribers to renew before
the end of the year, I have decided to make a generous
clubbing- offer with the Cosmopolitan magazine.

In my opinion, this magazine stands in the front
rank. It is not simply given to light fiction, but
contains many serious and really helpful articles. I have
read it for years, and, of the magazines, I think it is my
favorite. It has now been sold to the Hearst Organiza-
tion, and will be boomed as it never has been before. It
is expected that, within a year, it will outrank every
other magazine in this country. "The best, no matter
what it costs," is to be the motto of its editors; there-
fore, it is in the Cosmopolitan that you will find the
writers of world-wide reputation. Its fiction will be
masterpieces of pen-craft — its whole contents will set
the standard for magazine perfection. The price of the
Cosmopolitan is $1.00 a year, and the Review is $1.00,
but if you will renew 3^our subscription to the Review
before the e)id of the year, I will send you the Cosmopoli-
tan for only 60 cts. That is, if you will send your
renewal to the Review before the end of the year, $1.60
will pay for the Review and the Cosmopolitan for one
year.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

287

vl/

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5^^^^^^^^^^^ w^^^^^^^^^^^^

Root's Goods at
Root's Pricey

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything nssed by Bee-keepers.

I<arge and complete slock on hand
at all times I<o\v freight rates

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pou«Jcr

513-515 Muss. Ave.
INDIANA POIJS, IND.

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vi;

Dittmerf's
Foundation

Is the Best.

Now is the time to prepare for next
.season ,

If you want to Save Money

on Foundation, working wax for
cash, and on a full line of supplies.

Write for prices and di-couiits, and
samples of our Superio- Foundatio,,

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, .Sole

Agents in Canada, for Ditlmer's

Foundation.

The liee & Honey Co , Beeville, Tex.
Agents for Tex

Gus. Dittrner,

AucustA,

Wisconsin

((/
id

1 1=2 STORY,

8-frame hives, either plain, or bee-way
supers, Si. 00. No. 1 sections, $4.00
for 1,000. 24 lb shipping- cases, $13.00
for 100; 12 ft) $8.00 for 100; 20ft) Danz.,
$11.00, for 100. Hives, sections, foun-
dation, etc., by the car load. Berry
boxes, baskets, crates, etc. kept in
stock. One year's subscription to any
bee journal free with order of $10.00.
Send for free list.

W. D. SOPER
R. D. 3 Jackson, Mich.

ITfllilAN QUEENS

Golden Italians, I^ong Tongue Italians, Silver
Gray Carniolans. Untested 50c, tested ysc

One of these will carry your colony safely
through the winter — get one now.
C. B. BANKSTON.

Milano,
05-5-tf Milam, Co., Tex.

Pfvaa SaI^ or exchange, 450 colonies of
' **• <JC«IC bees, locations, and all fix-
tures complete for comb or extracted honey
S. \V. WEEKS, Delta, Colo.

The Bee-Keepers
Paradise.

300,000 Acres of Wild Land for sale,
in the Famous Fruit Belt Reg-ion of
Michigan, at low prices and on easy
terms.

These lands are especially adapted
to fruit culture, all the most desirable
fruits being- cultivated with especial
success.

These uncultivated lands also pro-
duce immense quantities of wild ber-
ries, from which larg-e crops of honey
are obtained, at a g-ood profit to the
Bee-Keeper.

Write for particulars and circulars.
"No trouble to answer letters."

Address:

J. E. MERRITT,

Gen'l Mgr.

Michigan Land Co.,

ManisteeJMichigan.

2^8

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

COLORADO HIVE COVER.

SATISFACTION

To ;lie bees ami >>AT-
ISl'AC I lONtotlie bee-
IveepiT is the aim ;m(l
object of the nianuf.ic-
turer whose name ap-
pears with this .'id.

The Colorado Cover
is a double cover with
airspace — the outside cover is made from full % inch white pine. It
cannot leak, it cannot warp, it retains the heat of the colony so neces-
sary in early spring-, and it is impenetrable to heat in thehottestclimate.
Price— 1 nailed- 40c. 10 in flat $3.00.

OP-TO-DflTE ?„r"'

Lives, Sections, Fences, Smokers, Foundation
Comb. Bee Veils, Gloves and all kinds of Bee-Hives
and Supplies, manufactured and for sale. Car lots a specialty.

Flint, Midi., Apr. 17, '05.
Friend Putnam: —

Yours saying that you would tenJ llie sections in a few days is here.
Thank you.

Ever since nailing up those tiives, I have felt like writingand thanking you for the
excellent material and wori--inansliip. The luuil'er is practically clear lumber, and the
workmanship simply perfect— everything sniooih nul accurate. If every shipment that
you send out is like this, you will eveniually have more business than you can look
after Yours Truly,

W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

OUR NEW POliICY.

Now is the time to make plans
for 1906. Our plan is to estab-
lish a branch house at every
country town. Write for par-
ticulars.

The Rural Bee-Keeper better
than ever this year. Write for
sample copy.

Join our lOXCUKSlON PARTY
to San Antonio, Texas. Leaves
Chicaj^'^o, Oct. 2jth, Round trip

$20 00.

The RUSH season is over. We have a g-ood supply of
Standard Goods on hand. We rater to the trade that de-
mands QUALITY. We give value received and PROMPT
SHIPMENT.

"W. H. PUTNAM, River FaUs, Wis..

Honey Quotations

The folowing rules for grading honey were
adopted ly the North Aineiican Bee- Keepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, and, so
far as possible, quotations are niade according to
thtse rules:

Fancy — All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sidps; lioth wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That'.';, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices );;iven in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and cjmmission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; e.tctpt that a few dealers charge only
five percent when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

NEW YORK — New crop of comb honey is now
arriving in a small way and fancy stock finds
ready sale at 14 to 15c per lb,. No. i, at 12c to 13c,
and amber at 1 ic. No buckwheat on the market
as yet. Extracted is in good demand, and we
quote California at 6 to 7'3 ptr lb., according to
quality. Southern at from 55 to 65c per gallon.
White clover al6Hc to 7c per lb. Beeswax, at zgc.
HIi,DRETH &SEGEi:.KEN,

82-86 Murray St,
Sept. 7, 1905. New York.

CKCIN"-' ATI— There is little to report .since
our quotation two weeks ago. The supply of
both comb and extracted honey, is fair, and the
demand is good. W^e offer e.xtraited honey as
follows: Amber honey in barrels and cans at
5^4 to 65/2C, respectively White clover honey
at 7 to SJiC Fancy white comb honey at 12 to
15c. Beeswax, 29c.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Sept. 7-05 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFALO — Demand is improving for i pound
comb, and moderate shipments are advised.
Other grades moving slowly. We quote as fol-
lows: Fancy white, 14 to 15c: No. 1 white, 12 to
13c; fancy amber, 10 to tic; No. i amber 9 to icc;
beeswax 25 to 30c

BATTERSON & CO.,
4.ug. 31, 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

TOIvEDO— The demand for comb honey at this
.vriting is rather normal on account of the.heavy
"eceipts ot fruits. Fancy comb honey is selling
n a retail way at from 14 to 15c; No. i, 13 to 14c,
with demand for amber. E.xtracted in barrels,
)% to 7c, cans, T'A to SJ^c. There is a good de-
nand for amber in barrels which brings from
>K to sJic, according to quality Beeswax, 26
02SC.

KANSAS CITY— Market extremely firm, with
])rospects of higher prices— local crop only fair.

We quote as follows: Fancy white, I2'2C; No.
I white, !2C; fancy amber, 11 ^^c; No. i amber iic;
fancy dark loc; white, extracted 654c; bteswax 25
to 28c.

WALKER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Sept. 9, 1905 423 Walnut St , Kansas City, Mo

CHICAGO — Tiie new crop is appearing and
selling in a fair way considering that this is mid-
summer lime. We quote as follows; Fancy
white, 14c; No. i white, i,^ to i?,%c; fancy amber,
n to i2c: No. I ambtr, 9 to loc; fancy dark, loc:
No I dark, 9c; white, extracted, 6 to 7c; amber,
extracted, 5 to 6c; dark, extracted, 5 to ^''/ic, bees-
wax, 28c,

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Aug, 3, 1905 igg So. Water St,

CHICAGO— We are having an excellent call
for new comb honey. First car of California
white comb in No i sections, arrived yesterday,
containing 1760 crates. Sold about half the car
today at 1354c to 14c, We quote a^ follows: Fancy
while, 14c; No. I white, 13c to i35^c; fancy amber
T254c to 1254c; No. I amber, iic to 12c; white, ex-
tracted, 6% to 7c; amber, 5^ to 6c.
S T Fl-^hl & CO ,

189 >^outh Water St.
Sept, 14, 1905. Chicigo, ' 1

iept. 5, '05

GRIGGS BROTHERS,

Toledo, Ohio,

K.^\S\S CITY-Honey market shows a de-
cided improvement and is firm at the following
prices. We look for steady market for some
time. We quote as follows: Fancy white, ;?3,oo
per case; No, i white, $2 85 to $3 00 per case; white
extracted, 6Hc; amber 4 '2 to siic Beeswax, 2Sc

C C. CLHMONS&CO,
Sept 8, 1905 Kan.sas City, Mo.

50 QUEENS

that have just begun laying, are now in my
nuclei ready for immediate shipment, al 75 cents
each; six for f4 00; or $7.00 a dozen. No disease
here. Satisfaction guaranteed.

S. F. TREGO.
8-05-3t Swedona, Ills,

An imported queen received Aug. 15,
1904, has this season, up to date (July
15th, '05), produced almost 200 lbs of
extracted honey. She has the largest
colony, the gentlest bees and the great-
est hustlers I ever saw. Just think of
the long journejs and then to accom-
plish such results. You can have
queens from her for 75c, untested; and
S2,00, tested.

The Wood Bee Hive and Box Co.,
Lansing, Mich.

m BBBBBBBBa^SS^H^^S E

WAX WASTE

m

Save your okl combs, scraps of wax and slumg-um, then, instead of
allovvino- these to scatter or become worm-eaten, or render in a waste-
ful method, obtain a German Wax Press and save every particle of
wax. You will be surprised at what you can obtain and profits
mike. Our German Wax Press can be converted into an uncapping
can or be used as a honey-press, thus for the price of one you have
three almost indispensable machines for your apiary. The machine
is built to stand the requirements in every particular and the best
principle is used— steam. Price, $12. oo.

Before closing I wish to say Mr. E. R. Root is right when he says ' You can't
get over 50 uer cent, of wax until you use a first-class press." And 1 want to
sav that.'wh^n you get a machine get a German. They are neater, can he used
on" the kitchen sove; they n^ake fine uncapping cans or honey presse.'- and
wi 1 be the most satisfactory in the end. I will trade my home-made outht it I

get a chance." „ ..,^„

N. Y., Aug. 9, -05. PERRY ORTON.

rx W ^ /T /^ I T lyj 'T< ^ For cash orders before Oct. i to per cent.

Jan. 1 7

" " Feb. I . . . . 6 "

' " March i 4

'• " April 1 2

This discount is only for cash before the dates named, and is in'ended to ap-
ply to hives, sections, frames, foundation, extractors, smo'.cers, shipping-cases,
cartons and other miscellaneous bee-keepers' supplies for next season's use.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., medina,ohio

October, 1905.

.v^^^^S .

""'^^ , J

Flint, Michigan, $1.00 a Year

Bee-Keepers Review I National Bee-Keepers'

Association.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
W. Z HUTCHINSON, Editor and PubHsher

Entered as second-class n.attcr ai the Plh.t
Postoffice Feb. 2, 188S. Serial number, ..3

United States, Canada Cuba a"^'Jl^x.c
other countries postage is 24 cis. a ye.i ,

J>;sco«t/«ua«ces-:rhe Review issenMin-

Piini, Michigan, Oct. 15, ^905

Advertising Rates, i

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
.scents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i mcb.
Discounts will be given as follows:

on .0 lines and upwar<ls, ,, times, 5 per cent: 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 ln"es, 25 per cent; 12 times,

IS per cent. ,

on 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, .0 per cent;

A times, 20 per cent; 9 li">es, 30 per cent; .5 tnnes,

40 per cent. ,

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 Mmes, 20 per cent, 6

times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times

50 per cent.

Clubbins List.

I will send the REVir.w with—

K™S,?"i°KS:„:::::;:::."i ■■■■■■;:

American Bee Kreper ' ■'^01

Rural Bt-e Keeper
Western Hte Journal.
Ohio Farmer..

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.

To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President

. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.
Secretary,
N. E. Frakce, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasure!

Board of Directors.

McEvov. Woodburn, Out.
^. L- Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

Wm.

Udo ToEPrERWEiN, San Antonio, lex.
R. C AiKiN, Loveland.Colo.

P H. Ei.woOD, StarkviUe, N. Y
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM A, SELSER, Philadelphia. Pa

G M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N. V-

R A. HOLEKAMP, St. LO"lS, MO.

T M Hambaugh, Hscondido, Car
C A HATCH, Richland Cen.,Wi.'*.
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

Names of Bee-Keepers

TYPE NA/RITXeN

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and jri

en ill a book. There are several thousand a 1
m-i ged in alphabetically (in the largest sales)
-lid though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense o hundreds of dollars, I would f«'rmsli '!

0 advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousat c
nan es The former price was $2.50 pei 100c, bill

1 now havea type writer, and by using the mai.^
fnldorocess I can furnish them at $2.00. A
iianuK.?er who wishes for a list of the name*

1 ee keepers in his own State only, or poss.b
1 he adjoining States, can be accommoaaieU
Here is a li^ of the States and the number o
names in each State.

( ..so)

( I 00) 1.7.S

. ( I. CO) I T";

( i.oo) 1-75

.so^ 1.2"

Farm Journal (Phila)

Rural New Yorker

The Century

Michigan Farmer

Prairie Farmer :•--•■

American Agncultunst .. .

Country Gentleman ^ -.^-^ • • ■ ; •;•;;;

Harper's Magazine (400) ..4.20

Harper's Weeklv / •■ •■ T ""■ r t 7O 235

Youths' Companion.... (new)... 1 7? ^-^5

Cosmopoblan ( i 00^ .'.'.'. . .t 7.S

Sii'-cps«

I 00) i.8,s

.( 400) 4-50

. ( 1.00) 1 65

.( I.oo) 1-75

( 1 00) 1 75

.( 2.50) 3 <5

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 378
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162

Dak.. .

Del.. ..

Fla....

Ga....

Iiid....

Ills....

Iowa..

25

iS
100
90
744
1375
800

Ky

Kans..

La

Mo

Minn..

Mich...
Mass...
Md

Maine

Miss.. .
N. Y.. .

Neb.. .

N. J.

N. H.

1S2

350

38

500

334

1770

275

94

270

70

1700

. . 345

150

l-^S

N. C

6

New Mex

. 5

Oregon..

10

Ohio...

'31-

Penn

9'

R. I

i

S. C

i

Tenn —

15

Tex......

i:

Utah

t

Vt

.it

Va

W. Va..

. 1'

Wash . .

r.

Wis.....

6

W. Z HUTCTHNSON, Flit>l. Mic'

Prompt Shipments,

Are what you want and we
can make them. Send in your
orders and be convinced that
we can doit. WISCONSIN
BASSWOOD FOR SEC-
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED
HIVES made by ourselves
now. A full line of supplies
for bee-keeping- on hand.

MaPshfield |VIfg. Go.

IWarshfield, Wis.

BEE KEEPERS'
EARLY DISCOUNTS.

Now is the time to send in
your order for g-oods for use
next season and for all orders
where cash accompanies, we
allow the the following- dis-

counts:

Before Oct.

Nov. I

deduct

lO
q

per cent

Dec. I

X

" jHii. I
Peb. 1

„

7
6

Mar. 1

/\

'■ Apr. I

"

2

Freight rates from Toledo are the
lowt St. Can lake honey and bees-
wax in ex> liange ior .supplies if you
desiie Seud for free ilhi>lrated cat-
alogue. It describes aud illustraies
evtrvlhiug for both the I'oultrv and
Bee-Keepeis.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Grig-g-s Block
TOLEDO, - . OHIO.

No Fish-Bone

Is apparent in conibhouey when
the Van Deuseii, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a t'ety thiu base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that buill
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen 7vired.

Send for circular; price list,
and .samples of foundation.
«J. VAfi DEUSEfl,

Sprout Brook, N. \'

Lowest Prices.

BIG OISCOUNT FOR EARI^Y
ORDKRS.

On cash orders
Before November i 9 per cent.

,, December i S ,. ,,

, January 17,, ,,

,, February 16,, ,,

,, March 14,, ,,

April 12 .,

Bee Supplies of all Kinds.

Established nearly 25 years.

We have published the American
l!ee Keeper for 15 jears, (monthly
soca\ear) The laigest and best il-
lustrated magazine ofits kind for the
price published. Railed by two of
the most experienced bee-keepers in
America Sample copy free. Our
large, illustiated price list of supplies
free on application.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg.
Company,

Jamkstown, N. Y.

290

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

DlsGoaDts f OF Early OrdeFs

The following large discounts are offered for early orders accoiupauied by
cash. This applies to all goods excepting honey packages for current use.
For cash orders before —

Oct. ist, 10 ppr cent. Nov i.'t 9 per cent

D c. ist, 8 per cent Jan ist, 7 per cent.

Feb. ist, 6 per cent. Mar. is', 4 per cent.

April ist, 2 per cent.

The following are Distributing Points for Lewis Goods:

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. lyiimber Co , Fairbault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton, O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich

York Honey & Bee Supply Co., Chi

cago, 111., 141 & 143 Ontario St.
IvOuis Hansen's Sons, Davenport, Iowa
Adam A. Clarke, I,e Mars, lowi.
Southwestern Bee Co . San Antonio,

Texas., 438, Houston St,
Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.
Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa.

Bee-Keepers'
Supplies.

Colorado Honey Producers .\ssocialion,

Denver, Colo
Fruit Growers' Ass'n., Grand Junction,

Colo.
Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, l,oveland, Colo.
Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.
Chas H. Lilly & Co., Seattle. Wash.
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.
A. Coipin, Wenona, III.
California, L,umher & Milling Co., San

Francisco, Calitornia.
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Hef^ls, Eng.

HTjake Youp

3ee *- Keepers

Will save money by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogfue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.
4 -04-191

Own Hives.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

291

Is the name under which Mr. Hutchin-
son, for five years, sold my strain of
bees, guaranteeing safe arrival, safe
introduction, purity of mating, and en-
tire satisfaction to the extent that the
queen could be returned any time with-
in two years, when the money would
be returned, together with 50 cts extra
to pay for the trouble. Although he
sold hundreds of queens each year, in
only two instances was he asked to
return the money, while there were
hundreds of letters from pleased pur-
chasers. Not more than half a dozen
queens were reported as impurely

mated, in all of those years, while the
losses in transportation and introduc-
tion were not serious; yet, on account
of those guarantees, Mr. Hutchinson
asked $1.50 for a queen. I can now
sell you queens that are exactly the
same, and guarantee safe arrival any-
where in the U. S., Canada, or Cuba,
at the following prices: Untested, 75c
each; six, $4.00; 1 doz., $7.50. Select
Untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; 1 doz.,
$9.00.

Send for a handsome circular that
gives the experience of well-known bee-
keepers with this stock.

J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Kentucky.

10 % Discount

We will allow you the above discount
on all orders accompnied by cash during
October. Send for Catalogue.

Page & Lyon Mfg. Co., New London, Wis.

^m^^%mmm^m^^m^m%mm'^m^m^^i^m%mm

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 Page Catalogue describing
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing needed in the Apiary.
Special low prices on Brood Frames
and Shipping Cases. Beeswax
wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.

2-'05-tf

HONEY QUEENS

IvAWS' ITALIAN and HOI.Y I.AND QUEENS.
Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with these lam catering to a satisfied trade.
Are you in it ? Or are you interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The following prices
are as low as consistent with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, $8.00; tested $1.00; per
dozen, |io. Breeders, the very best of either
race, $3.00 each.

W. H. Laws, Beeviilej Tex.

292

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

"DflDflNT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXCELS.

We Guarantee Satisfaction.

^^^ e^* ^"^ e^*'

BEE=SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all times.

A. G. Woodman^ Grand Rapids,
Agents for Michigan.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

■>mmm<mmmmi^mmmm^mWfixmmmmsmm^Q

^^im^-mii

I'^SllSS^a^^d

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY in NoromP shipping

CASES. ALSO EXTRACTED HONEY. IF YOU HAVE ANY TO
OFFER. QUOTE US YOUR ROCK BOTTOM CASH PRICE DE-
LIVERED HERE. AND MAIL US A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE
EXTRACTED HONEY. WE BUY EVERY TIME THE PRICE IS
RIGHT. AND REMIT PROMPTLY.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO. -

No. 51 WALNUT STREET^ o OiNCiNNATI, OHIO.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$1.00 A YEAR.
w. z, HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, OCT. IsTToOS. NO. 10.
Carnadlian^ MaBie Mairlket Places of

W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

I

WENT over to Toronto, Ontario, in
September, and awarded the premi-
ums inthe beedeparlmentof their Inter-
national Fair. The fairgrounds are
located upon the shores of Lake On-
tario, and laid out and beautified with
gravel walks and drives, velvety lawns,
trees, shrubs and flowers. It really
seems more like a park than an ordin-
ary fair ground. Most of the build-
ings are in keeping with the grounds,
although as much can't be said of the
one devoted to bees and honey. It is
lacking in size, and far from being
substantial in character. No exhibi-
tor can be given as much space as he
desires, and some are prevented from
exhibiting because of the lack of space.
The Canadians, however, make good
use of what space is allowed them,
putting up very attractive exhibits. I
spent a share of nearly two days in
making the awards, and even with all
of this care there was an occasional
instance when it seemed impossible to

do exact justice— when two or more
exhibits seemed equally meritorious.

SELLING "honey on a stick."

Not only are the Canadians good ex-
hibitors, but they have learned how to
improve this golden opportunity for
marketing their product at a good
price. I had often heard of the man-
ner in which they sell their section
honey, particularly the sections that
are not quite finished, by cutting the
comb diag-on ally, from corner to corner,
also cutting the film of wood that joins
the sections at the corners, thus sepa-
rating each section into four, triangulai
pieces, each piece having a strip of
wood attached to one side. These
pieces are laid upon a rack of tinned
wire laid over a neat glass dish that
catches the drip. These pieces are
sold to visitors at five cents each, being
laid upon a small piece of paper when
delivered. The honey is, of course,
eaten upon the ground, the piece of
wood furnishing a most convenient

296

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

handle to hold it by. When a section
of comb is cut up in this manner, the
visitors look on with interest, and,
when it is finally divided, the supreme
moment of attractiveness seems to have
arrived. The contrast between the
snowy whiteness of the sealed surface,
and the golden dripping sweetness of
the interior, as the pieces come apart,
and are spread out upon the rack over
the dish of crystal glass, is something
so delicious as to be simply irresistible.
Even ladies in silk dresses and kid
gloves, laugh and joke with their
mustached attendents, as both parties
make way with the dainty bits of
sweetness. And then the boys and

Canadians were certainly ahead in
some things.

BEAUTIFUL PACKAGES FOR EXTRACTED
HONEY.

But this is not the only form in which
honey is sold at the Canadian fairs.
Extracted honey is put up in small
glass bottles of fancy shape that can
be sold for five cents. It is put up in
little toy, glass lanterns; in glass
"revolvers," in vinegar cruets, molasses
pitchers, tin pails, etc. By the way, I
saw the most handsome tin pail for
honey that I have ever seen. The
cover is of the friction top style, but,
instead of pasting on a paper label

^TH^ APIARIES op

R.H.SMITH.

^s^JHOMAS . OfWT CANADA

girls — well, it must be seen to be com-
prehended. I was told that one exhib-
itor sold $70 worth of honey in this
way, in one afternoon, and I can well
believe it. One exhibitor told me that
he had sold his entire crop of honey in
this manner at the fair. You will
notice, too, that the honey brings 20
cents a section when sold in this man-
ner. When I told them that I had never
seen anything like it at our fairs on
this side of the line, there was great
surprise, and exclamations that the

that may come off or become soiled,
the label is enameled right on to the
surface of the pail. I brought home
two of the pails and made a photograph
of them. The ground work is of a pale
cream color. The shading back of the
letters forming the word 'Honey," all
of the other letters, except the produc-
er's name, and the clover blossoms are
a dark blue; the bee, the word
"Honey," the border around the orna-
mental work on the back of the pail,
are all of gilt. Part of the bee, and

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

297

some of the ornamental work on the
back of the pail is yellow. The colors
all harmonize exceed in<,^ly well; in fact,
it is the most handsome tin package
that I ever saw for putting- up honey.
The beauty of it is that it will remain
handsome, as the colors are burned, or
baked, upon the tin the same as the
finish is baked upon a bicycle frame.
There are three sizes, 3-lb., 5-lb., and
10-lb. The cost, if I remember cor-
rectly, is 6, 7 and 9 cts., respectively.
The reading^ matter upon the pail is
excellent. It is not so long- that it
won't be read, yet it contrives to say
the most important thing^s that ought
to be told to the consumer. Here is the
reading matter:

Why Eat Honey ?

Because it is good food and good
medicine. No article of human con-
sumption is more delicious than honey,
and none is more beneficial to the
human system. Honey is food in one
of its concentrated forms.

It is used in medicines, and is the
base of many of the cough cures and
salves. For candy, honey is far more
wholesome than sugar.

What is Honey?

It is a vegetable product, not made
but gathered from the nectaries of
flowers. Each kind of flower yields
honey of its own peculiar flavor, which
IS generally easily recognized.

THIS HONEY

Is Guaranteed Pure.

Our apiaries are located around St.
Thomas, Ont., Canada, and the Santa
Cruz mountains, Jamaica, B. W. I.

Our annual exhibits of honey at the
Canadian National Exhibitions since
1887, the Pan American Exposition
1901, and the St. Louis World's Fair
1904, have received the highest awards.

All pure honey will granulate or
candy sooner or later; this is a fine
test of its purity. To liquefy, set the
can in warm water, no hotter than the
hand can bear; many, however, prefer
it in the candied form.

Keep honey in a dry place and it
will not sour, mould or ferment, even
though left open.

Mr. Smith says that the bee on the

pail is becoming almost the equal of a
trade mark. He says that people will
come along and exclaim: "Oh, here
is that honey with a bee on the pail,
just like that we bought last year. We
must have some more of that as it was
the best honey that we ever had."

United States bee-keepers certainly
can learn a most valuable lesson from
their Canadian brethern in regard to
reaping a harvest of sales at fairs.
Not only do the sales help the men who
make them, help them immediately,
but it spreads broadcast the knowledge
of the sweetness, and deliciousness of
houey. Everyone who gets a taste of
that "honey on a stick," remembers it
and wants more.

WHAT WELL-TRAINED NATURAL ABILITY
CAN DO.

I hope I may be pardoned for what I
am about to tell. It has no direct bear-
ing upon bee-keeping, except that it
shows what a well-trained natural
ability will enable one to do. Mr. E.
Grainger, who was superintendent of
the bee-department, is also a florist.
When it was nearly noon, one day, his
man came to him and said: "We have
got those plants over there, and have
done the best we can with them, but
they don't show up the way they ought
to. The superintendent says every-
thing not in readiness by one o'clock
will be thrown out, and I wish you
would come over and see what you can
do." There is just enough of the
artist in my make-up to induce me to
go along and see Mr. Grainger arrange
those 50 varieties of cut flowers. They
were sitting in a square upon the floor,
tall and short plants mixed together,
and oh, how some of the colors were
"swearing" at one another. Mr.
Grainger glanced over the lot and said:
"Those at the back need raising up a
little. Bring me some empty flower
pots." Plants low in stature and tone
of color were placed in front. Then
there was a gradual rise is height of

298

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

plant and in brightness of color, until
the back row flamed up with the grand,
gaudy Gladiolas. It was truly a
transformation scene. Each plant pos-
sessed a beauty of its own, but, in the
proper combination, eacli plant helped
add to the beauty of those near it.
Twenty minutes of work — and it did not
seem possible that I was gazing at the
same lot of flowers. What I especially
admired was the ^rt^^with which all of

this was done. There was no trying
for effect to see if it would look well
this way or that way. Mr. Grainger
simply said: 'Put this pot there, put
this one over in that corner, raise up
that Coxcomb a little higher, " etc., and
when the changes had all been made,
he gave it one comprehensive glance,
and we walked on.

Flint, Mich., Sept. 19, 1905.

ialle Yotir Btssiness a

R. G. AIKIN.

FRIEND HUTCHINSON, it seems
you are still harping on the string
that sings the tune of more bees and
out-apiaries. I wonder if you, or any
of your readers, really know why we
ought to keep more bees, or why we
ought to enlarge in any kind of
business.

don't have the eggs all in one

BASKET.

Away back in the early volumes of
the Review, when you had specialism
as one of the topics, I argued that
when one could not afford to risk his
life in one thing, that is, if a man was
poor, and could have only a small
business, and must have tlie income
from his labor month by month to live
upon, it was best to have the eggs
divided so that in case one basket fell
he did not lose all. I still consider
that good advice; but I still advise just
as I did then, that every one should
strive to excel in some one line and
make that his specialty. The poor man
with children to feed, and nothing
ahead to put into a business that he
can afford to miss its annual income,

takes a very heavy risk that may
cause him to lose his all.

As business is carried on these times,
so long as there must be a change of
product between distant parts of the
country, there must be middlemen and
transportation that seriously effect
every producer more or less, and is
hardest by all means, on the poorer
and those of limited means and limited
jiroduction.

KNOW something OE EVERYTHING AND
EVEKYTHING OK SOME ONE THING.
All things considered, when a man
has chosen a line of business that shall
be his specialty, and that in which he
proposes to excel, or become more than
ordinarily ]iroficient, the wise business
policy is to enlarge in that one thing,
possibly dropping all else, that he may
give his entire time and attention to
his specialty. I say give his entire
time, but I do not mean that he is to
think of nothing else, or to do nothing
else; man is so constituted that if he
does not use all of his faculties and
powers he will surely become one-
sided and weak, both mentally and

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

299

physically. Good health and enjoy-
ment of life, and our friends' enjoy-
ment of us, demand that we round out
our lives by usingr all our powers; and
in so doing: we better fit ourselves to
make a success of our chosen line of
business as well as help to better the
condition of others.

While it is true that to specialize
maiies our chances of business success
much better, there are other reasons
why we should do so. The fact is, we
are almost compelled to do so, because
of the trend of all lines to combine;
and because it is a fact that the g-reat
producing fields are not consuming ones,
and to g-et the product to those who
want it there must be larg-e quantities
massed for shipment, to induce buyers
to g-o to these points after it, and the
transportation companies to provide
means for properly handling it. If we
would not be at the mercy of all theg-o-
betweens, we must produce largely and
get as near the consumer as possible
the same as the manufacturer of such
things as we n2ed.

Co-operation of small producers may
and can accomplish the elimination of
some of these difificulties, and it is the
most humane and rightous way; we
ought to do it that way; but even with
co-operation bringing together the
small producers into a systematic and
reasonable way of both buying and
selling, when one grows in knowledge
and ability to produce more and better,
the most reasonable thing to do is to
spread, use your ability to produce;
but do not make use of your power to
pull down others.

This is a long prelude, but when we
understand why we are to do a thing,
it will be easier to understand /w7v to
do it. And, too, it is a fact, that when
one enlarges and puts out apiaries
here and there, he has many things to
learn, and different methods to prac-
tice from that employed in a little
home-apiary run in connection with
some other busniess. And there can

be no set rule to govern in the locating
of these out-yards; the topography of
country, pasturage, obtaining of sites,
and the getting to and from, all have
to be considered— there will be scarcely
any two fields alike.

It is evident to me that the character
of weather-conditions, and lay of
country, have much to do with the
flight of bees; I feel suremy bees range
over two to four miles from the yard;
I have trustworthy evidence that bees'
in this country have done excellent
work going four miles. I make it a
rule to put yards from two to four
miles apart, getting them in good
territory, and in protected places for
yard-location. When I find a part of
the country in which I wish a yard, I
try to find a spot easy of access by
wagon, where a team can be driven
close to the bees, yet far enough from
the farmer's house, barns, roads or
fields, where teams will be used, so
there will be no inconvenience to him
in his affairs. I take entire charge of
the bees at all times, so far as man-
agement and care goes, asking nothing
of the farmer, save that he will en-
deavor to let me know it he sees any-
thing wrong, and, for the privilege of
getting in and out, and the use of the
spot of ground, I give from 50 to 100
pounds of honey annually; sometimes
in a poor year, only 50 pounds—
the quantity is gauged by the profit-
ableness of the season rather than by
the size of the yard. It would prob-
ably be better to have a fixed amount
for use of the ground, and keep few or
many bees as you like, regardless of
the crop.

THK HOME-YAKD A CENTRAL DEPOT.

As to the number of colonies in the
home-yard before starting an out-yard,
that brings up the question of over-
stocking, a thing we cannot possibly
settle by any rule. Then, too, there
is the question of a suitable place for
the bees at home, and other considera-
tions. I live in town where I have my

300

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

honey house and shop, as well as a big-,
solar, extracting- outfit, and everything
in the way of equipment that has to do
with all work that is possible to do at
home. It matters not whether it is ex-
tracted, or comb honey, all comes home
as soon as it comes off the hive, to be
extracted, cleaned and cased— all such
work is done at home. I have been
keeping- from 50 to 150 at each yard
and aim at about lOO, usually. Rob-
bing is worse where g-reat numbers
are kept in one place, I think the
averag-e field will be better worked by
100 than by a greater number. I am
now planning- to use the home-yard
more as a nursery and hospital than
for anything else; it is the best place
to care for foul brood, to build up
nuclei, rear queens, etc. "When at the
out-yards I find any colony that needs
special care for any reason I just
bring it in when coming home; and,
likewise, when the home apiary be-
comes too full, just haul out from time
to time as trips are made to out-yards.
A fine way to make increase is to bring
in from the out-yards a few bees in a
cage made specially for such work,
and if you have queens, either out or at
home, they can be dropped into these
cages, and all hived into such hives as
you wish, and you have a nucleus and
a queen introduced, and all will "stay
put." In like manner, nuclei may be
formed at home and taken to out-yards
to grow to full colonies.

The great majority of writers do not
write from the standpoint of bee-keep-
ing as a special and exclusive business,
hence the common advice to increase
by natural swarming is not good—
rather is not practical. Until a man
is capable of making increase, doing
it ivcll, by division and the nucleus
plan, he is not capable of handling,
successfully, either a large apiary or
several apiaries. It is one of the
essentials to the successful handling of
bees, "and, above all, of out-yards,
that, barring crop failures^when there

is not flow enough to build up nuclei
or swarms, that the apiarist has the
increase matter at his option and com-
mand. Out-yards must be handled in
such a waythat they do not have to have
a man constantly with them in the
swarming season, and this brings up
the swarming-problem; but, before dis-
cussing this, let us speak of the ques-
tion as to whether we produce comb or
extracted.

WHETHER TO PRODUCE COMB OR EX-
TRACTED HONEY.

As before stated, I extract at home,
and, so far as the yards are concerned,
they are simply a place to keep the
bees; and for convenience in storing
supplies I like to have a small shanty
at each one, and it is best if they can
be bee-tight. After extracting, the
combs can be stored there, and this
does not require so much room at home
nor so much insurance against fire—
the eggs are not all in one basket.
Hauling everything to the home house,
it matters not whether you produce
one or the other, that depends on your
likes and dislikes and on your market
—I produce both. The maindifference
comes in about that swarming ques-
tion; it is quite a little easier to control
swarming if extracted is produced,
but that also is a matter in which the
apiarist must be ahead of the bees, and
be able to master the situation. If you
produce extracted, there will be
swarming enough to seriously cut the
profits; and running for comb it cuts a
little harder; that matter must be at
the option of the apiarist.

CONTROL OF SWARMING

is the greatest problem, or possibly, I
may say is oue of the greatest. While
swarming is a large matter, to know
how to get the best work and the most
of it is big also; to succeed in both,
means thas we must know bee nature.
To attempt to control swarming by
giving room when producing extracted
will not be a success, and to use the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

301

same plan when running- for comb gets
the best results in neither quantity or
finish, and wi7l not control. I know of
one or two methods that are practical.
Unqueeninf^ will surel3' control; but,
some seasons, and in some localities,
such as have a second or later flow, it
damages the crop from the late flow
too seriously. The best plan I know
of is togive bie: room at all times outside
tlic flow, and if you have conditions
that cause swarming- be/ore the flow
comes, take away brood, or, in some
other way, keep the conditions such
that swarming ivill not occur, aud then
when the flow arrives shake out and
mass the bees, as swarms, hiving on
starters. This way make our swarms
when we are ready, and what is also
of equal importance 7v/ien tlie floiv is
ready. When you have swarmed the
bees, have queens for such increase as
you may make, that not any one is left
queenless, and the oldest and poorest
queens had best be left with the swarm
on the old stand. Put the old hive on
a new stand, and let it have a vig-orous
queen that will fill her hive with brood
while there is not enough fielders to
clog the combs with honoy; this will
insure a rousing colony for a later
flow if there is one. So handled there
is no question about results, if there is
the nectar to be gathered; you master
the swarming so that you can go when
you please, and it will get the honey
if it is to be had. Haul in your crop
as it is finished, as you make trips
from week to week, and after the
gathering is over, scrape, extract, case
and market.

Let the winter be the time to get all
supplies ready. In spring do yard-
work in clipping- queens, trimming
frames and slicking the hives to make
handling easy, look after brooding- so
as to keep the work going- on, Iceep
track of strong- colonies that they do
not run short of stores or swarm too
soon, and get everything- cocked and
primed for the. supreme effort when the

flow and swarming: comes. Have a
sufficient supplyof supers and hives so
there will be no extracting or such
work during the flow and the swarm-
ing season. There must be as few
things as possible to bother when you
are swarming and getting super work
started.

I believe in manipulating throughout
the spring-, previous to the flow, to clip
queens, cut off burr combs, work to
the outside the poorer combs, to equal-
ize stores, and, in some cases, equalize
brood, to see if queens are doing- their
best, and, if not, to encourage them, to
turn combs the other end front when
the brood is being- spread across the
front, leaving the back ends without
brood (this is the best way to spread
brood) and to keep tab on those that
may supersede. The clipping- is to
prevent swarms from leaving- should I
be delayed beyond the set time to visit
a yard at swarming time, and is a
good way to keep tab on the ag-e of
queens. A queen that I find without
wing-s in the spring- is marked o. q. in
the record, and the next spring, when
she is still there, with the o. q. record
of the previous spring:, she is too old.
The proper way is to clip all queens in
the spring- that were not previously
clipped, and all that were clipped the
previous spring are rated as old and
superseded after supplying- a colony of
bees for tliat year's wortz, thus each
queen does two years' service; 'tis not
profitable to keep them longer, because
too many fail before the flow the third
year.

For this country, we winter on sum-
mer stands; a yard established, it
stays there year in and out. And as
for transportation, if you have rail-
roads, electric, or other means of
going, use that which will give ji'<?« the
best service. Our roads are mostly
good, and such that a good team will
haul a ton, on a suitable wagon, with
springs, and get over three to five miles
an hour, and six to eight when empty.

302

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

A light rig is o. k. at times, but, as the
honey is to come in, and supplies to go
out, most of the transporting can be
done when going to do yard work.

Secure help by the year, and have
good trusty help that can and will look
after details; this is a business of de-
tails, and the man who can see and do
only one thing at a time is not the man
to handle bees for himself or any other
one. The business should occupy the
help the entire year. To have help six
or seven months, and then off soine-
where, possibly never to come back, is
not satisfactory to either party con-
cerned. Keep enough more bees, and
so manage or arrange that everything
possible is done outside the honey flow
and swarming; let the help have an
easj' time in the slack season, but be

willing to put forth extra effort and
long hours when you must make quick
time and cover much territory to con-
trol swarming. With a large stock of
supplies, and the foregoing outlined
plan it is possible to very materially
increase the amount of stock a given
help can handle, and that is where the
profit largely comes in. Co operative
plan of paying help is good, and to be
commended. Hire men of ability by
the year, and be sure to have those who
have a conscience, and when a man
will work to your interest, you work
to his as well.

My wagon can be made bee-tight,
some yards have no house at all, and
my kit of tools goes with the wagon
always.

LovEi.AND, Colo., Nov. 30, 1904.

»^U»U»U»»/rfc»^^>V»,^urwr»^.jr.»^^^^^^i^*^^»«tFk^U»,«l^^»U»»^*^*^U»1t»<t»».»*.»^^V»UF»^^^*'»^^^^t»'«

Northern Illinois and Southern Wis-
consin bee-keepers will hold their con-
vention October l7th and 18th in Rock-
ford, Illinois. All interested in bees
and honey are cordially invited to
attend.

agement that can come in no other
way.

Prof. Cook says, in the American
bee Journal, that he does not believe
any chemist would be justified in pro-
nouncing upon the source of honey
from the percentage of sucrose (cane
sugar) which it contains. He says this
decision is no guess-work with him
but the result of actnal test.

Confidence in yourself and business
is of the utmost importance. Mr. F.
P. Clare, formerly of Ontario, but now
living in Illinois, writes that, as he
reviews his past 18 years of experience
with bees, he can see where he might
have doubled his profits, if he had only
had more faith in his business.

Swarms hiving themselves right in
the apiary, with no intervention from
the apiarist, was reported to me this
morning by one of my customers. He

J. M. Hambaugh, of California, asks
that no votes be cast for him at the
coming election of officers for the
National. He thanks the members for
the honor that has been conferred upon
him, wishes the Association abundant
success, but declines to serve further
as a Director.

Conventions will soon be the order of
the day, and the man who neglects to
attend makes a big mistake. Reading,
and even practice, won't take the place
of the face to face, personal, mixing
with men who are following the same
occupation as ourselves. It furnishes
a stimulus, an up-liting, an encour-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

303

beg-an the season with 25 colonies, and
there were several hives of empty
combs standino- in the yard. Three
swarms of those that had issued had
g-one directly into those empty hives
without so much as clustering-.

Wedding Bells rang- out merrily, Sep-
tember lOth, for Miss Bessie Dittmer,
eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Gus.
Dittmer, of Augusta, Wisconsin, and
Mr. Julius Hammer of the same place.
The editor of the Review has twice had
the pleasure of a visit at the Dittmer
home, and well remembers this brig-ht
young- lady. He wishes her and her
fortunate husband a long- and happy
life.

Poisonous Honey is looked upon by
Prof. Cook as a myth. In the Ameri-
can Bee Journal he says that sickness
from eating- honey comes, probably,
from over-eating-, or from some indi-
vidual idiosyncracy of the person who
eats it. He tells of a lot of students
who were made deathly sick from eat-
ing- honey: They cut a bee-tree late in
the afternoon, when they were very
hung-ry, and ate immoderately, as boys
will at such times, and very few
escaped punishment for their intemper-
ance.

A Section of comb honey is quite
likely to be injured on its way from
the g-rocer to the home of the purchaser,
and J. A. Green suggests, in Glean-
ings, that the thin veneer, wood-sepa-
rators, "scored," at the right distances,
the same as is the case with berry box
material, be put in with the cases of
honey shipped. The grocer can then
easily break these strips in pieces,
and each piece will then be of just the
right size to place on the side of a sec-
Mon before wrapping paper around it.
^r. Cxreen says that he has used these
scored separators for this purpose, and
\vould continue to use them were it not
that they must be ordered in larger
fjuantities than he can profitably use.

E. D. Townsend writes, under date of
August 17, that he has secured 20,000
pounds of honey; 2,300 of which are
comb, and the rest extracted. He now
has three apiaries working on buck-
wheat, and hopes to secure an aggre-
gate amount of 25,000 pounds. He
started with 300 colonies, made 150
colonies of increase, and bought 50 col-
onies, so he will close the season with
500 colonies. He closes his letter with
the following: -'I have made up my
mind that I don't know anything about
the prevention of swarming, even in
producing extracted honey. Had 50
swarms in one yard-big, little, old
and young, all swarmed alike— never
saw anything like it."

Carry the Bees into the cellar as soon
as it comes cool weather and there is
little prospect of their having anymore
flights. Leaving the bees out for two
or three weeks after it has come freez-
ing weather, hoping for that "one
more" last flight, is poor management.
Even if the flight is secured, nothing
particularly has been gained by it"!
After the bees have settled down into
that quiescent state in which they pass
the winter, they may as well be in the
cellar where the consumption of food
is much less than in a freezing temper-
ature.

Caucasian Bees have been praised for
their gentleness by the department at
Washington, and by those who have
visited the department, but some others
don'ttind them very gentle. Carniolan
bees have also been pronounced very
gentle, but I did not find them so gentle
as Italians. As a rule, pure Italian
bees are gentle enough for anybody.
If the Caucasians possess some quali-
ties that are really superior to those of
the Italians, it will be well to consider
them, but, on the score of gentleness
we need nothing better than the
Italians.

S04

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

The Point of View hasmuchto do with
our ideas concerning- any matter.
Most truly Mr. R. C. Aikin remarks,
in this issue of the Review, that few of
the writers in the journals write from
the point of view of the extensive bee-
keeper— the man with out-apiaries. So
many times I remark to myself, when
reading the description of a method,
"That's all right when a man is in the
apiary all of the time, but it won't work
in an out- apiary. '

««^«.^«.l^«T<^»

Go Ahead. Take another step. Can
you winter your bees with reasonable
certainty ? If not, then learn zahy, and
apply the remedy. Can you bring
your bees through the spring and have
them in the best possible condition for
the harvest when it comes ? Are you
sure there is nothing you can do in this
period to increase your crop? I came
across a bee-keeper a short time ago
who secured a crop far in advance of
his neighbors, and the only difference
in his management, as far as I could
discover, was that he fed his bees be-
tween fruit bloom and clover, and
when the latter came the combs were
full of brood and food, and the surplus
went into the supers at once; besides,
there were more bees to gather it. Are
you selling your honey in the most ad-
vantageous way ? If not, why not ? If
you are managing all of these details
in the best possible manner, isn't it
possible for you to increase your busi-
ness ? Don't stay in a rut. Think.
Go ahead.

*«^"^ »^U»l»^*»

The Indigestibility of wax is often men-
tioned in print, and in a way that is
far from beneficial to bee-keeping. It
is true that wax is indigestible, but its
consumption when eating comb honey
is far from harmful — in fact, it is really
beneficial. It is in the shape of deli-
cate flakes, and when brought to the
temperature of the body is very soft
and smooth — would not injure or irri-
tate the most delicate membrane. We

cannot thrive upon a too concentrated
food. The horse must have hay as well
as oats. The human must have some-
thing to give bulk to the food, and also
a porosity that will allow the gastric
juice to come in contact with the bulk
of the food. The flakes of wax help to
hold apart the particles of biscuit,
and make passages for the gastric
juice. It may be all right to argue in
favor of extracted honey, if that is
your belief, but don't talk about the
indigestibility of wax as though it
were something undesirable.

\*1tf-,f^W%f^*

The Coming Convention of the Na-
tional, that is to be held in Chicago,
the first week in December, promises
to be well attended and profitable.
While its removal to Chicago was a
disappointment to the Texans, I have
received several letters from tliem saj'-
ing that, under the circumstances, the
change was a wise one. Of course, if
all goes well, another year we will feel
in duty bound to go to Texas, not onl}^
this, but we will be glad to go. Since
the announcement that the convention
will be held in Chicago I have received
many letters from men who are pleased
with the change, as it will allow them
to attend. So far as I can see, the con-
vention promises much. Apparentl}',
there are no feuds, no opportunities for
squabbles and bickerings; the date
comes after the hurry of the season is
over; there will be exceeding low rates
on the railroads and low rates at the
hotel; Chicago is the railroad center of
a great honey-producing region; the
program is not only varied, but it em-
braces living, practical topics. I pre-
dict that the Chicago convention will
be a rousing one; harmonious and full
of practical discussion; and one from
which men will go home feeling that it
was good that they had been there.

»^jr«.li.»U'^^^»

Out-Door wintering is often success-
ful with not very substantial packing
when attempted in Ohio, Indiana,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

305

Illinois, and other of the Southern
Middle States, but this success oug'ht
not to be allowed to delude more north-
ern bee-keepers, such as those in Michi-
gan, Wisconsin and Ontario into
abandoning- the thicker packing of
chafiP or sawdust. Weeks of zero
weather call for thorough protecion.
The cellar gives this in the most com-
plete manner, but, if the bees are out
of doors, the protection can scarcely be
too thorough.

■•^»"'»»^»«'««^

Ignorance regarding honey is more
general than many of us bee-keepers
imagine. To illustrate: When out at
Grand Rapids, Michigan, awarding
the premiums at the fair, I started in
to show the exhibitors how the Canadi-
ans cut up sections cornerwise, and
sold each piece for five cents. I had a
section nicel}' cut up, and the pieces
laid out upon a plate, when a boy of
about 14 came along, and I thought I
would try to sell him a piece. After a
little explanation, he laid down a
nickel, and walked away with a piece
of honey. He went as far as the door,
stopped, looked at the honey, and then
came back in a sort of a sheepish way
and asked: "Mister, is this stuff that
the honey is in good to eat, too ?"
Poor boy, it probably was his first
taste of comb honey, and whether he
could eat the comb, too, or must suck
out the honejs or spit out the comb, was
to him a problem.

Comb Honey can be kept over the
winter free from crystal ization, or anj'^
other deterioration, but it must be kept
warm, yes, what some people would
call hot. J. A. Green reports in
Gleanings that he kept some over and
sold it this year at a profitable advance
in price, which might not have been the
case if Colorado had had a good crop
of honey. Mr. R. L. Taylor of Lapeer,
Michigan, once kept over a crop of
comb honey and sold it the next year
at a profit. It was kept in a room hav-

ing walls filled with sawdust and
warmed with a stove. Mr. Green says
that the nearer 100 degrees the room is
kept the better. I presume this is true,
but I doubt if Mr. Taylor's honey room
was kept so warm as that. Gleanings
questions if the fuel might not over-
balance any possible gain, and I pre-
sume this would be true unless there
was quite a crop of honey, and a ma-
terial advance in prices — and we are
not sure that there will be any
advance.

<^^jr< wu^^^^^

Bottom Boards, according to my ex-
perience, are not usually fast to the
hive. I doubt if one hive in lOO of those
that I inspect through the country has
a fast bottom board, but E. R. Root
says, in Gleanings, that nearly all of
the bee-keepers that he visits have the
bottom boards fast so that the hives
may be ready to move, either to shift
about the apiary, or to move to out-
yards, or into the cellar. Hives with
fast bottom boards are an advantage
when we wish to move them to an out-
yard, but, aside from this, the advan-
tages are all with the loose bottom.
In moving colonies about the yard,
tight bottoms are not needed. Neither
are they needed in putting the bees into
the cellar. If pains are taken a daj' or
two in advance to see that the bottom
boards are not stuck fast to the hive,
the hive raised at the end thus causing
the cluster of bees to draw up among
the combs, a hive can be picked up
quietly, and quickly and carefully car-
ried to the cellar, and put in place be-
fore scarcely a bee knows what is
going on.

«-««^*«^^«'»*»

Disturbing Bees when putting them
into the cellar is strongly condemned
in Gleanings by Mr. W. S. Grow. He
takes pains to put a large tooth pick
under the corner of each hive that the
hive may not be stuck down and come
loose with a snap when it is picked up
to be stacked up in the cellar. He pre-

306

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

fcrs to have snow on the ground that
he may use it to stop up the entrances.
He is careful that the man who helps
him carry the bees in on a carrier
shall keep step with him, and thus
not g-ive the bees the least jar. He
thinks if the bees were put in with a
rush and a bang, waking them from
their slumbers and causing them to till
their sacs with honey, that he would
have "polka dot" hives and bushels of
dead bees by mid-winter. While the
carr3^ing in of the bees in this careful
manner does no harm, I feel just as
positive as friend Grow that nothing is
gained thereby. The first issue of the
Review discussed this ver}- topic of dis-
turbance of bees in winter, and the evi-
dence was overwhelming that the dis-
turbance did no harm. I could fill
page after page with accounts of in-
stances in which disturbance did no
harm. Here is one: I bought four
colonies of bees a year ago, and brought
them home in a wagon, some IS miles,
just before it froze up. They were put
into the cellar with no opportunity to
fly, and wintered perfectly. "Polka
dot" hives and bushels of dead bees
come from something more serious
than the manner in which the bees are
put into the cellar.

label states that the producer is a
member of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, but the Association does
not guarantee the honev.

■^^^ir^rf^rf^rf^

National Honey Labels.

Mr. N. E. France, Manager of the
National Association, has gotten out
some very neat, colored honey labels,
printed in six colors, for use on honey
pails or cans. The size for use on the
2-lb pail costs only $2.50 per 1.000, in-
cluding the printing on of the name
and address of the producer. The 3-lb.
size is $2.00 a thousand— 2-lb. size,
$1.75. Add 25 cts to each order for
packing and shipping". No order ac-
cepted for less than 500 labels of one
size. Prices are 50 cts per thousand
less if the space for the name is left
blank. Of course, these labels are
fnrnished to members onl}', and the

»K»Ffcr»»*»^^

Employ Well the Winter Months.

A few days ago a bee-keeper in
California sent me samples of queen
excluding- perforated zinc that he had
made with a die or punch of his own
construction. Of course, he could not
perforate the metal so rapidly as it can
be done with the big machines run by
power in the factories, but, in the
leisure of winter, it is much more prof-
itable for him to perforate his own zinc
than to buy it — unless he has some
other work at which he can earn good
wages. This reminds me that bee-
keepers ought to plan to do all work
possible during the winter months.
Make hives (if they make their own
hives) put together sections, put in
foundation, etc., and have everything in
readiness when the busy season opens
I was talking recently with a young-
bee-keeper who manages about 60
colonies, and he asked me if I thought
I could manage three or four out-
apiaries of 50 colonies each. I told
him I felt sure that I could. He
doubted his ability to do so. He is of
the slow, methodical, careful, exact
kind, and had had foul brood to con-
tend with this year, and, with the
shaking of about 40 colonies, and then
trying to render the wax, and boil the
honey, I did not wonder that he felt 60
colonies were all he could manage.
I told him, that, to manage several
apiaries, there must be short cuts and
a perfect system, but I felt that he
could be capable of accomplishing this
feat if he had everything in readiness,
and nothing- to do except to look after
bees during swarming time. I told
him how Mr. Gill and his wife with
one helper managed 1,100 colonies, but
everj'thing was in perfect readiness at
the opening of the season.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

307

Program for the National Convention.

The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its annual convention at
the Revere House, corner of Clark and
Michig-an Sts., in Chicag-o, during the
fat stock show, when exceeding- low
rates may be secured on the railroads.
The dates for the meeting- are Dec. 5th,
6th and 7th. Rates at the hotel are 75
cts for a room alone, or SO cts each,
where two occupy the same room.
Meals are extra, or they may be secured
at nearby restaurants. The prog-ram
is as follows: —

FIRST DAY.

Evening- Session — 7:30 p. m.

Wax-Rendering Methods and Their

Faults

O. L. Hershiser, Buffalo, N. Y.

Can the Tariff on Comb Honey
be Tinkered to the Advantage

of the U. S. Bee-Keeper ?

Hildreth & Segelken, New York

SECOND DAY.

Morning Session — 9:30 a. m.

How Many Bees Shall a Man Keep ?

E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich.

Short Cuts in Bee-Keeping

M. A. Gill, Longmont, Colo.

Producing Both Com.b and Ex-
tracted Honey on the Same
Colony

Jas. A. Green, Grand Junction, Colo.

Question Box

Afternoon Session — 2:00 p. m.

The Control of Increase

L. Stachelhausen, Converse, Texas.

Migratory Bee-Keeping

R. F. Holtermann, Brantford, Canada.
Question Box

Evening Session — 7:30 p. in.

Contagious Diseases Among Bees

and How to Distinguish Them

Dr. Wm. R. Howard, Ft Worth, Texas

Experimental Apiculture

Dr. E. F. Philips, Washington, D. C.

THIRD DAY.

Morning Session — 9:30 a. m.

The Honey Producers' League —

Can it Help Bee-Keepers ?

R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

The Business End of Bee-Keeping

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Making Honey Vinegar

H. M. Arnd, Chicago, 111.
Ouestion Box

Afternoon Session— 2:00 p. m.

In What Way Can Bee-Keepers
Secure Their Supplies at

Lower Prices ?

W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis!
How the Producer and Dealer
May Advance Their Mutual

Interests

Fred. W. Muth, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Ouestion Box

Evening Session— 7:30 p. m.

What Have we to Hope for from
the Non-Swarming Hive ?
L. A. Aspinwall, Jackson, Mich.
Poultry Keeping for the Bee-Keeper
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Secretary

■'^JT'H'^JI^B'B^B.

Nominations for National Officers.

General Manager France has sent
out the following as the result of the
postal card vote for candidates for elec-
tion in November.

Greatest number votes, first named
for each oflice.

President— C. P. Dadant, O, L.
Hershiser, J. U. Harris.

Vice President— Geo. E. Hilton, C.
P. Dadant, J. A Green. O. L. Her-
shiser, F. Muth, W. Z. Hutchinson,
Dr. C. C. Miller, J. U. Harris.

Secretary— W. Z. Hutchinson, J. A.
Green, L. Scholl, E. T. Abbott.

General Manager— N. E. France, W.
Rohrig, W. H. Laws, F. Rauchfuss.

Directors— F. Wilcox, M. H. Men-
delson, M. M. Baldridge, Dr. C. C.
Miller, C. A. Hatch, W. S. Pouder. E.
W. Alexander, J. M. Hambaugh, E.
R. Root, J. F. Mclntyre, G. W. York,
G. B. Howe.

I might add that three of the above
mentioned candidates have declined
with thanks. Dr. C. C. Miller, M. M.
Baldridge and J. M. Hambaugh.

And now I hope that Bro. France
will bear with me if I make a few
criticisms. Two years ago the Direc-
tors voted that the General Manager

308

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

should call for a postal card vote, and
"the two men receiving- the greatest
number of votes for each respective
office are to be candidates for said
office; the names of the nominees and
the offices for which they are nominated
to be published in the bee journals."
What I object to is the publishing of
the names of more than two of the
candidates, and of indicating which
man has received the greatest number
of votes. Almost the sole object of this
informal ballot is that we may, if we
so desire, occasionally elect a new
man to office. We wish to place before
the members two candidates with equal
chances for election, or as nearlj' equal
as it is possible for us to make them.
The man already in office has an ad-
vantage, but by dividing up the opposi-
tion vote among half a dozen others
he is almost sure of election. An-
other thing: Don't tell who has the
greatest number of votes. Say that
John Doe and Richard Doe have re-
ceived the greatest number of votes. If
you say that John Doe had the great-
est number, and Richard Doe the next
greatest number, that practically elects
John Doe, and that is the very thing
that we wish to avoid. As I have
already said, we wish to bring two
candidates before the voters with as
nearly equal chance of election as it is
possible. If we give the names of half
a dozen candidates, and tell which one
received the greatest number of votes,
we have practically destroyed the value
of the informal ballot, and might just
as well hold our elections without any
nominations. As it is, the very object
that the Directors had in view is de-
feated by the manner in which the
results of the ballot are published.

The Use of a Nom de Plume.
As a rule I do not approve of the use
of ^ nom de plume. There are cases
when modesty might be an excuse;
where a man, or more likely a woman,
might be willing to write but did not

care for the resulting publicity. But
when a man enters into a critical
argument, and proceeds to "roast"
some apponent, he ought to come out
fair and square with his own signature.
To strike a man in the dark, and then
dodge behind a nom de plume, marks a
man as •A.coivard.

»^»^v»^»i»^»

Have More Charity.
I wish our great family of bee-keep-
ers to have more charit}' than they do
for one another. Perhaps the majority
do think well of their fellows, but there
are a few who are too much given to
fault-tinding, to seeing a man's faults
and failings instead of his good quali-
ties. I don't say that men or their
actions ought never to be criticised or
condemned, but so many times are men
fairly abused iov something for which
they are not to blame. I sometimes get
letters accusing me very sharply of
something for which I am not in the
least to blame. If j'ou think that a
man has made a mistake, or has done
wrong, it is not always best to ignore
it, or keep still about it, but before
condemning a man, ask in a kind and
courteous way for an explanation.
Don't be So ready to impugn a man's
motives until 3'ou know all of the cir-
cumstances.

»»»»ii»^»«"*^

A Standard for Honey.

In 1904 the Secretary of Agriculture
proclaimed the following standard for
honey :

Honej'^ is nectar and saccharine
exudations of the plant, gathered,
modified, and stored in the comb by
the honey bee. It is laevo-rotator3-,
contains not more than 25 per cent, of
water, not more than 25 hundredths
(0.25) per cent, of ash, and not more
than 8 per cent of sucrose.

So much complaint has been made
that this standard excluded honey
dew, and that it was often impossible
to secure honey entirely free from
honey dew, that the following minute
has been added:

THE BEE-irEEPERS' REVIEW

309

The standard does not in any way
exclude small quantities of honey dew
from honey. We realize that bees often
gather small quantities of honey dew
that cannot be detected in the finished
product by chemical means, and does
not dam;ig-e its quality. It is only
when relatively larg-e amounts are
firathered that the quality of the honey
is impaired, and it fails to meet the re-
quirements of the standard. It is g-en-
erally agreed that such a large amount
of honey dew is injurious to the quality
of the product, which cannot then be
properly regarded as honey.

'm^-mJ^'u^^P'^^M^

Onlario Bee-Keepers' Convention.
The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its annual convention in
Toronto, November 15th, 16th and 17th.
The place of meeting will probably be
near Massey Hall, where will be held
the Fruit, Flower and Honey Show.
The Honey Show will be a really im-
portant part of the meeting, as nearly
$200 have been offered in premiums on
honey, bees, wax, implements, etc.
Those interested should send for a list
to the Secretary, Wm. Couse, Streets-
ville, Ont. The following is the pro-
gram for the convention:—

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER IStH.

2:00 p. m.— Minutes aud discussion.

2:30— President's address. Vice-Presi-
dent to open discussion.

3:30— Address by Hon. Nelson Mon-
teith. Minister of Agriculture.

4:00— Paper read by Mr. R. H. Smith,
St. Thomas, on "Systematic Ad-
vertising and Marketingof Honey,"
G. A. Deadman to open discussion.

5:00— Question Drawer, Mr. W. J.
Brown, Chard, in charge.

7:30— Address by Prof. F. Shutt, Ot-
tawa, on the "Food Value and
Various Uses of Honey."

8:30— Paper by Mr. R. Lovvey. Cherry
Valley, on "The Production and
Care of Comb Honey," Mr. Morley
Pettit to open the discussion.

9:30— Question drawer.

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 16tH.

9:00 a. m.— Paper by Mr. F. J. Miller,
London, "Are Amendments Neces-
sar3' to the Foul Brood Act ?" Mr.
A. E. Hoshal to open the discus-
sion.

10:00— Paper by Mr. John Fixter, C.
E. F., Ottawa, "On Results of Ex-
periments " Discussion opened bv
M. W. A. Chrysler, Chatham.

11:00— Official reports.

2:00 p. m.— Paper by Mr. Morley Pettit
Belmont, on "Wliat Can be Done to
Make the Association More Useful
to Bee-Keepers," Mr. J. L. Byer to
open the discussion.

3:00— Election of officers.

4:00— Question drawer, Mr. J. Al-
paugh. Gait, in charge.

7:00— Address by Prof. F. C. Harri-
son, O. A. C, Guelph.

8:00— Addresses by American visitors.

9:00— Address by Mr. Arthur Laing,
Ash, on "Bee-Keeping in Canada
vs. Bee-Keeping in Jamaica."

9:30— Question drawer, Mr. John New-
ton, Thamesford, in charge.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 17tH.

9:00 a. m.— Unfinished business.

10:00— Paper by Mr. Dennis Nolan,
Rewton Robinson, on out-apiaries,
discussion to be opened by Mr C
W. Post, Trenton.

11:00— "Points in Judging Honey, and
Where Exhibitors Failed at the
Honey Show," by the .judges.

Selling the Honey.
The short honey crop of the present
year has not been wholly an unmixed
evil. It has been more or less ot a
blessing in disguise. Had there been
a bounteous crop all over the country,
to add to the old crop that was left, the
bottom would have dropped out of the
honey market. The Honey Producers'
League did not accomplish what had
been hoped for, but Nature stepped in
and reduced the supply to such an ex-
tent that prices will certainly be sus-
tained. There has been much talk,
and some hope, of successful National
co-operation in the selling of honey,
but thus far the obstacles have proved
insurmountable. Upon a small scale,
locally, co-operation has been asuccess.
Aside from all this, much can be done
by each bee-keeper selling his own
honej', either at retail, or to men who
retail honey. Nothing crowds down
the price of honey like piling it up in
the g-reat, commercial centers. Many

310

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

a consignment goes into Chicago, only
to be shipped out again into the
country. Every crop of honey sold in
a local market keeps just that much
out of the great trade-centers. Of
course, every crop of honey can't be
sold in the home-market. Mr. Gill,
with his two car loads, must seek dis-
tant markets; but even when the home-
markets will not take all of the honey,
there is often no necessity for shipping
honey to commission men and jobbers.
Mr. E. D. Tovvnsend told me, at the
Grand Rapids fair, that he had sold
nearly all of his crop of extracted honey
(over 20,000 pounds) at an average of
7>^ cts a pound, while producers that
sent their honey to jobbers got very
little over six cents a pound, and had
to pay freight. Nearly all of his honey
goes to actual consumers, or else to re-
tailers. He has been several years
building up this trade, and now he is
reaping the harvest.

The men who are members of the
Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will certainly have no trouble this
year in disposing of their crops of
honey. This Assoctation has printed
5,000 copies of a little pamphlet which
gives, among other things, the names
and addresses of its members, together
with the amounts and kinds of honej'
that they have for sale. Each member
is furnished as many copies as he can
use to advantage, and leading grocers
of the State are furnished with copies.
I have received several inquiries lately
as to where honey can be purchased,
and my reply is simply to mail the in-
quirer a copy of this pamphlet. Any
one reading this who wishes to buy
honey should write E. M. Hunt, Bell
Branch, Michigan, and ask him for a
cop3' of this pamphlet.

The Central Lake, Michigan-Doty-Case.
This is a suit that, from first to last,
has cost the National quite a lot of
money, yet there has been no attempt
on the part of the plaintiff to prove that

the bees were a nuisance. The prin-
cipal objection was that the defendent
built a high board fence along the side
of his apiary that was next to the
street, and this fence obstructed the
view of the plaintiff. Instead of at-
tempting to prove that the bees were a
nuisance, and thus secure their re-
moval, the common council was induced
to pass an ordinance prohibiting the
keeping of bees inside the corporation.
Mr. Doty was arrested on the charge
of violating this ordinance, but the
justice decided that the ordinance was
unconstitutional, and discharged the
prisoner. Laterhe was arrested again,
and taken before another justice, who
upheld the ordinance and fined Mr.
Doty. The case was then appealed to
the circuit court, and the judge has de-
cided that the village has no authority
to prohibit the keeping of bees. Of
course, the village may yet carry it to
the supreme court, but this is doubtful.
It would seem that common councils
would have learned by this time that
any legitimate business can not be suc-
cessfully prohibited. There is no
question that some kinds of business
(and bee-keeping is one of them) may
be so conducted as to be a nuisance in
a village, and there is a remedy in
proving that the business is a nuisance,
and securing an order for its abate-
ment, but, for some reason, probably
ignorance, this course is seldom fol-
lowed; instead there is an ordinance
passed prohibiting, in a wholesale way,
the keeping of bees inside the corpora-
tion. This is, in many cases, a rank
injustice. I have 104 colonies of bees
inside the corporate limits of Flint.
They are in the outskirts of the city,
back away from the street. They are
peaceable Italians and molest no one.
Suppose a man should set an apiary of
hybrids down right close to the main
street, in the heart of the city, and stir
them up at all hours of the day, in
season and out of season. Hundreds
of people would be stung. The apiary

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

311

would be a real nuisance. As a result,
let the common council pass and enforce
an ordinance prohibiting the keeping of
bees inside the city limits, and don't
you see the injustice that it would be to
me? Each individual case should be
decided upon its merits. If an apiary
is a nuisance, let it be so decided, and
the bees moved away. Don't attempt
to drive out all of the bees inside of a
corporation, simply because one apiary
is a nuisance. It would be as reason-
able to kill all the dogs because one
dog is cross or ugly.

^^^p^j^^^^^t^

Can't You Enlarge Your Business.
I just wonder if there aren't hun-
dreds of bee-keepers who might profit-
ably increase their business. Fairly
and soberly consider this question:
"Why don't you keep more bees ?" Do
you think that your location won't sup-
port more bees ? Have you ever kept so
many bees as to reduce the yield un-
profitably ? If you have, and have too
many bees now in one place, why don't
you start an out-apiary ? If you have
only a few bees, why don't you keep
more? Don't say you would keep more
if you had them. It is an easy matter
to get bees. There is no stock that
will increase so rapidly as they. I
started with 20 colonies last spring,
and now have 104. Yes, you say, but
the hives cost something. True; but if
your heart is in it, you will find some
way to get the hives. Not long ago I
visited a father and son who are jewel-
ers in a large city, but whose back
yard is full of bees, and these men
make their hives by hand, evenings, in
a snug little shop on the back end of
the lot. Not only this, but they get
the most of their lumber from boxes
that are picked up at stores for little
more than a song. It was a pleasure
to see with what enthusiasm they told
of the happy times they had working
there until ten o'clock at night making
hives. They now have about 80 colon-
ies, and next year they expect to in-

crease them to such an extent as to
occupy the adjoining lot. You see, it
is easy enough to get bees and hives if
you really care to do so. If you don't,
why don't you ? Consider the question
well.

••fmf'mW^fmf),*

The Ventilation of Bee Cellars.
Years ago, "sub-earth" ventilation
of bee cellars was almost universally
recommended. Nearly every one who
built a bee cellar, also buried 200 or
300 feet of drain title; the outer end
connecting with the open air, the inner
end entering the cellar. To remove the
aXr/roin the cellar, a pip9, connecting
with a scove pipe in the room above,
extended down through the floor to
within a few inches of the cellar bot-
tom. The draft of the stove pipe
"pulled up" the air from the cellar,
and more flowed in through the sub-
earth pipe to takes its place. In pass-
ing through the sub-earth pipe, the air
was warmed. If there was no stove
pipe with which to connect the the out-
let pipe, it was extended upwards until
it reached the open air. The air in the
cellar, being warmer than the outside
air, flowed out of the upper ventilator,
and more air flowed in through the sub-
earth tube.

In order to keep the temperature
even, there was much opening and
closing of ventilating tubes. In very
severe weather, it was often necessar3'
to leave the openings closed several
days, or even weeks. At such times it
was noticed that the bees suffered no
inconvenience. Not only this, but it
was often noticed that when the venti-
lators were opened, the in-rush of fresh,
cool air aroused the bees and made
them uneasy. Finally the ventilators
were opened less and less, and, at last,
they were left closed all of the time.

The amount of air needed by bees
varies greatly according to circum-
stances. When they are excited and
full of honey, as is the case with a
swarm, the amount of air needed is.

312

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

very great. If they can be kept quiet,
a very little air will suffice. In winter,
bees are in a semi -dorm ant state, one
closely bordering on hibernation, as
that word is properly understood, and
the amount of air necessary for their
maintenance is very slight. I believe
it was Mr. D. L. Adair who, years
ago, removed a box of surplus honey
from a hive, and, leaving the bees in
possession, pasted several layers of
paper over the entrance. As all of the
cracks and crevices were stopped with
propolis, the box was practically air-
tight. The bees were kept confined
.several days, yet did not, apparently,
suffer for want of air. Mr. James
Heddon tells of some man who, wishing
to "take up" some of his colonies in
the fall, plastered up the entrances
with blue clay, expecting to kill the
bees by suffocation. Upon opening the
hives a few days later, imagine the
discomfiture of their owner at seeing
the bees fly right merrily. I have sev-
eral times wintered bees successfully
in "clamps" where the bees were
buried under two feet of frozen earth.
Prof. A. J. Cook even went so far as to
hermetically seal up two colonies by
throwing water over the hives and
allowing it to freeze, thus forming a
coating of ice over the hives. The bees
survived this treatment. It is not likely
that, in any of these experiments, the
coverings surrounding the bees were
absolutely air-tight, but enough is
proven to show that, in winter, bees

can survive, and, apparently thrive,
with a very limited amount of air.

Special ventilation, simply for the
sake of securing fresher or purer air,
seems to be almost wholly unnecessary;
the few bee-keepers who plead for
special ventilation do so almost wholly
upon the ground that they can thereby
more readily control the temperature.
If the repository is sufficiently under
the ground, it does not seem as though
ventilation would be very much needed
for controlling the temperature, unless
it might be towards spring when the
bees had commenced breeding, and a
large number of colonies were in the
cellar.

When bees settle down into that
quiescent state that accompanies suc-
cessful wintering, their need of air is
very slight, indeed. When their winter
nap is ended, and spring arouses them
to activity; and to brood rearing, more
air is needed. It is then, if ever, that
special ventilation is a benefit, but, as
this can be secured, in the ordinary
cellar, by the opening of doors and
windows at night, if it ever becomes
really necessary, it scarcely seems ne-
cessary to go to the expense of supplying
sub-earth pipes. I would not do it, nor
advise it. Where bees are to be
wintered in large numbers, in a spe-
cial repository, I would have some ar-
rangement whereby the heat could be
allowed to pass off, if it should become
advisable, yet not allow the entrance
of light.

EXTRACTED DEPARTMENT.

IN-DOOR WINTERING.

Some Points on the Construction and
Management of a Cellar.

In reply to a query, Mr. R. H. Smith,
of St. Thomas, Ontario, gives the

readers of the Canadian Bee Journal
the following good advice: —

For the province of Quebec I would
not recommend any kind of building
above ground as a repository for win-
tering bees; but, if such a building
were used, cedar, being a better non-
conductor than stone would be the bet-
ter material with which to build it.

'CHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

313

The walls of such a buildintf should
not be solid, but built with two, tif^-ht,
air spaces. The most satisfactory
place I have found to winter bees in is
a g^ood cellar built of stone or concrete
entirely below the g-round level, under
a dwelling or other building, where
the temperature can be maintained at
from 44 to 50 deg. F. The drier the
cellar, the lower the temperature may
be, within the above limits. I have not
found that dampness will be injurious
to bees in a temperature of 48 to 52 de-
grees, while a long-continued spell
with the temperature 40 degrees might
cause a heavy loss of bees, I would not
advise a plank l!oor for a bee cellar, as
the bees wor.ld be likely to feel the jar
from a person walking over it. I would
prefer an earth floor if it were dry. A
good cement floor would be the best.
It would be solid, would not decay,
and would prevent the dampness from
rising; leaves or paper are not neces-
sary. Hives should he placed on stands
about 15 inches high; place the first
hive on the stand with the back end
raised an inch Jiigher than the front,
then raise tl'.e rear end of the hive ofi'
the bottom boaid and block it up with
h or '2 inch blocks, remove the cover
(leaving the quilt over the bees) and
place the next hive on top of the firsi
and treat it in the same way; they may
be tiered up three or four high' We
find it atlvisahle to place each tier on a
separate stanti to avoid disturbing the
other bees. If many colonies are pi;ictd
in the cellar, a gootl system of ventila-
tion should be provided, so as to keep
the air pure in the cellar.

KNOW SOMETHING OP EVERYTHING.

And Everything of Some One Thing.

Mr. R. C. Aikin has given us a most
excellent article this month There is
one point he mentions upon which I
would like to say a few words. It is
that of the folly of confining ourselves
too closely to business, or to some one
thing. While I am a thorough believer
in specialty, I well-know that too close
application to business, or to some one
thing, narrows a man's mind, and pre-
vents him from doing the most effective
work even in his chosen specialty. Let
me give an illustration or two.

In Printers' Ink is running a most
charmingly written series of articles,
entitled "P^orty Years an Advertising
Agent." In these Mr. Geo. P. Rowell
gives reminiscences of his busy life,
wherein he achieved remarkable suc-
cess. At the age of 33, after having
been in New York only six years, he
had accumulated about $100,000. But
this was not all; there was a trouble-
some cough, a flush on the cheek and
an unnatural brightness in the eye.
Sound, healthful sleep was an impos-
sibility. The mind could be turned in
no direction except that of business.
Even in church, the mind would busy
itself planning some circular, or evolv-
ing some scheme for inducing some ad-
vertiser to increase his advertising ap-
propriation. Mr. Rowell was wise
enough to go back to the scenes of his
childhood, in New Hampshire, and
carry out a long-cherished ambition,
that of showing the farmers how to
farm. Most of the time, for the next
seven _\ears, was spent in carrying
out tliis laudable ambition, and, al-
iliougli Mr. Rowell admits that in no
one month were the returns sufficient
to pay the expenses for that month, yet
he was able to return to New York
with renewed ambition and vigorous
health. That the lesson was well-re-
membered is shown by occasional future
allusions to fishing-trips.

The Ladies' Home Journal is pub-
lishing a series of articles by F. Hop-
kinson Smith. The title is "Let Us
go Back." In these Mr. Smith urges
the return to the more sane and mod-
erate life of the past, in place of the
present hustle and the "strenuous-
ness." He tells of a Chicago, multi-
millionaire, business man, who, at the
age of 60, was about to drop into his
grave, prematurely worn out with the
struggle. Two years before his death
his physician said to him that he must
stop work; heart, brain, body and
nerves — all needed rest. "What, give
up business !" the man exclaimed,

314

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

"Why, man, you are crazy 1 What
would you have me do?" The phj--
sician mentioned hunting, fishing,
farming, raising of flowers, collecting
books or pictures, etc. The man cared
for none of these. "What did he care
for?" Zusi bji si )i ess. "That's what I
have been doing all my life; that's
what I am accustomed to; that's what
I like." Continuing, Mr. Smith says: —

Poor devil. Poor, miserable. God-for-
saken pauper 1 Flowers might bloom,
brooks sing in the sunlight, cool winds
steal through the silent forests; there
were fishing and hunting, golf, horse-
back riding; pictures, books, curios —
an}' number of personal pleasures —
nothing of all that for lum. He must
continue to wear the same Chinese
shoe that he had put on when a boy.
Slowl}- but surely it had crushed ever}'
impulse outside of his daily task, and
strangled ever}' taste At twenty there
was a bouyancy in his step; life was
before him; he would make money fast,
then he would enjoy it. At thirty he
was still pegging awa_v — no time for
pleasure. At forty, the million came,
and with it the craving for another,
at fift}' his name stood the highest in
the street. At sixty came the end !
Never once in all his life had he had
Txuy fun.

I know how to sj'mpathize with these
men. I have seen the time when any-
thing outside of business seemed
scarcely worthwhile. Ordinary amuse-
ments were almost a bore to me. If I
went with my wife to see a play, I
tilled my pockets with letters to read
and p-onder over between the acts.
It was my aversion to everything out-
side of business that first attracted m}-
attention to my condition I at once
set about applying a remedy. For one
thing, I took up photography. I also
cultivated what might be termed the
small pleasures of life; and, after all,
they make up the greatest sum of our
happiness. Some of you might be sur-
prised to know some of the small
things in which I take pleasure. I de-
light to bring home delicacies for the
table — a nice bunch of celerj', a basket

of grapes, a flower for the wife, a toy
for the little three-year-old grand
children, a magazine from which I can
read aloud an article when the evening
lamps are lighted. I have taken much
pleasure the past summer in the culti-
vation of a few simple flowers, such
as Nasturtiums, Aster and Morning
Glories. B}'^ the way, as I sit here
writing, I can look out of the window
upon a row of Japanese Morning
Glories, across one end of the porch,
that are all ablaze with great, three-
inch blossoms in all of the colors of the
rainbow. As I gaze upon those beau-
tiful blossoms there seems to pour out
from them a richness and sweetness of
feeling that reaches to my very soul —
it is a feeling that I can't describe, it
must be felt to be understood. The
days have passed when I can think of
and enjoy nothing except business. In
closing this little homilv', I think I can
do no better than to quote a short item
from the Star Monthly. It reads as
follows: —

Business is a great game. We stren-
uousl}' strive for the vague goal of suc-
cess, the jo}' of the game in our hearts.
It is a great game, a grand game, it is
the only thing worth while to the man
with the shrewd brain, the iron nerve,
and the courageous heart. The only
trouble with the game is that it is too.
fascinating. The players are apt to
lose all sense of proportion, the game
fills their horizon to the exclusion of
ever3thing else in life. The game pos-
sesses its victim, he can't break awaj'^
from it although the result of the con-
tinuous playing at high tension saps
the vitality of the player. For a time
he keeps up on excitement, vvhicii
shows in his glittering eye and stri-
dent voice, until one da}' he finds he can
no longer play the game. What is
left for him ? He is out of the only
game he knows, and is too old to learn
a new one.

Stop and think a moment. Is it
worth while to play the game all your
waking hours, and dream about it in
your sleep, when the only result will
be to add you to the rapidly increasing
list of nervous business wrecks, victims
of "Americanitis" or over-strenuous-
ness ?

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

315

The string of the violin kept at con-
cert pitch will snap. What of the deli-
cate nerves kept at constant tension ?

Choose the sane course. Play the
g-ame of business with all your mig-ht
when you do play, but take time to
relax, to learn other g-ames, and to
cultivate a liking- for the beauty in art
and literature, and above all take time
to be cheerful. If you do this you will
become a broader man, a healthier
man, and happier man, for into your
soul many avenues of pleasure will
open.

lA/anf^rl' J'-^^Penenced Apiarist lo take
wwdlltCU. hiu charge of my apiary of
200 colonies. Wiile for particulars.

ARNT ARNKSON,
io-05-it Routes Rice I.ake, Wis.

-If you are Koing to-

BUY A BUZZ-SAW,

write to the editor of tlie ItEViEw. He has a
aew Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

LOW RATES TO COLORADO.

Via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul

Railway*

On a number of days this summer low
round-trip rates to California points
are offered via the Chicajero, Milwaukee
** ^t. Paul Railway. Liberal return
limits and stop-over privileges. Two
througdi trains every day from Union
Station, via Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul and Union Pacific Line. The
Overland Limited leaves 6:05 p. m.,
and makes the run to San Francisco in
less than three days. The California
Express, at 10:25 p. m., carries through
tourist as well as standard sleeping-
cars, and the berth rate for tourist
sleeper is only $7. Complete informa-
tion reg-arding- rates, routes and train
service sent on request. Colorado-Cali-
fornia Book sent for six cents postag-e.
Folders free.

R. C. JONES,

Michigan Passenger Agent,

32 Campus Marlius, Detroit Michigan

TIONEY JARS

The No. 25 Honey Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal Screw Cap, abso-
lutely tight, holding one pound of Honey, in shipping- cases of one
Gross each.

1 gross lots
5 gross lots

$4.50 per gross
$4.00 per gross

Also in strong-

1^E:-SHIL^PIN(^ CASES

of two dozen each, with heavy corrug-ated partitions, sides, and bot-
tom— a perfect protection.

1 case lots

5 case lots

1 O case lots

$ 1 .00 per case
.95 per case
.90 per case

F. O. B. New York— Prompt shipment on receipt of order.

tumt3lii:rs

Eig-ht-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, three dozen in re-shipping- case.

5 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .85 cts,
10 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .80 cts.
20 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .75 cts.

HILDRlilTII Sl SKGELIvElSr

265-267 Greenwich St.

And 82-84 Murray St. New York, N. Y'

316

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

% Prosperity, Happiness, Independence

^5 Are all Yours in

^ Michigan and its Famous Fruit Belt Region

^ Now is Time

3J To come to Michigan and invtstiKtue its climate and soil; irspect the abundant crops

HE of fruit, grain and vegetables: and select a home in a State

^J where "failure" is unknown.

tS Special Low Round Trip Rates

^5 are now being offered to Home Seekers desiring to visit the following points in the

3? I.,ower Peninsula of Michigan:

Au Sable
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Branch
Brethren

Cadillac
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Kaleva
Lewiston

Oscoda
Manistee
Roscommon
St. Helens

Stratford
Twining
Walhalla
West Branch

Tickets on sale October 17 and 31, November 7 and 21, and Decem'-er 5, 1905. g|^

Limited to Kifteen Days for return |J^

Apply to your local Ticket Agent for Kates and General In formation J^

MICHIGAN COLONIZATION BUREAU, ^

^ Manistee, Michigan. ^

PAXEINX, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 2^
YEARS nrHEl BEIST". CATALOG FREIEI.

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-
Cases, Berry Boxes and Crates for the
doming- season. By sending a list of
goods wanted, we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUI f BOX CO.,
9-05-4t Sheboygan, Wis.

a few tons of honey and pay cash at
your depot. Correspondence solicited.
Give full particulars as to quality,
price wanted, etc. If satisfactory I
will call on you. A. W. SMITH,
9-05-2t Birmingham, Mich.

Cf\^ ^al^ or exchange, 450 colonies of
■ Wr <0C1I«; bees, locations, and all fix-
tures ci mplete for comb or extracted honey.
S. W. WEKKS, Delta, Colo.

WANTED

comb honey. State price
and quantity .
C. H. W. WEBER, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Wanted:

Fancy white comb honey in
non-drip shipping cases also
white clover honey in cans and barrels. Please
srnd sauiples and state your !< wert price deliver-
ed here. We pay spot cash upon receipt ot
goods. GRIGGS BROS., Toledo, Ohio

HONEY WANTED-State kind and lowest

price. Address,

CHAS. KOEPPEN,

Fredericksburg, Va.

THE HEE-KEEPEKS- KEV7EW

317

m

m

It's Time to Feed

feeding- time is here and you will want feeders
There 'are none hetter than the MillerBoardman en-
tr;ince, division board feeder and the Simplicity bot-
tom hoard feeder. They can be attached to I ottom
board and left all the year. Ihey are made on honor
and sold direct from factory to you, saving- you a mid-
dle man's profit.

Your orders will receive prompt attention. Send
them early.

Dont fail to send us your address for our new
catalogue which will be very comprehensive and will
g^iveyou many valuable pointers upon bee-keeping.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power BIdg. Minneapolis, Minn.

If You Want to Buy The Beginner

a property or a
business of any
kind anywhere in
the United States
write me a post-
al card for my
Free Catalogue.

I have bargains every-
where and can save
yon iioney. Don't
wait. Write today.

A. P. Tone Wilson, "f^lcrAl^itT^

TOPEKA, KANSAS.

Dovetail Hives

and Sections*

Prices until March 15th.

Eight- frame, Dovetail, 1^ story, Si. 30;
10-fr.ime. $1.45; rabbeted, 8-frame,
ySc. 10-frame, $1 15. No. 1 bee-way
sections, S8.40. Plain sections, 25c per
M less. Foundation. 10 per cent, off
list prices. All kinds of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies at reduced prices. Berry
baskets, boxes and crates in stock.

Send for 24-page catalogue, free.

W. D. SOPER
^- 15- 3 Jackson, Mich.

in bee-keeping can find just the information he
needs in the Beginners" Department of the Knral
Bee- Keeper.

The Amateur

can find it'sirnction in our Question Dep-irtnient
and J 5 J ill our Market R-jports

The Foreign Born

bee-keeper will get news from home in our
Heed m Abro.T.l.

The Professional

can interchange Ideas with the best bee-keepers
in the w,. rid through the colums of the Rural
Bee-Keeper.

Subscribe Now $1.00 a Year
(Monthly)

Bse Hives & Supplies

All kinds Catalog fne. Represented by
J J vViLDiiR, Cordele, Ga.
Iv S. lluTH & Son, San Anionio, Tex.
Morgan Bros. Vermillion, S. Dak.
For information address

W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis.

318

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

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Root's Goods Zii
Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everything used by Bee-keepers.

l/arge and complete stock on hand
at all times. L,ow freight rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pou«acr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOIvIS, INU.

Dittmet^'s
poandation

Is the Best.

Now is the time to prepare for next
season,

If you want to Save Money

on Foundation, working wax for
cash, and on a full Hue of supplies.

Write for prices and discounts, and
samples of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, .Sole

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

Foundation.

The Bee & Honey Co., Beeville, Tex.
Agents for Tex

Gus. Dittrner,

Aup'ustzv,

Wisconsin

;5 r^ -^ • ^ ss ■ t^-0^ !^- ^-^xm ^- '^:- ^- «^ ^. • ^^ • ^r- '^. • ^. • «r • ^^ «^

LEARN TELEGRAPHY and R. R.
ACCOUNTING.

$50 to $100 per month salary assured our gradu-
ates under bond. You don't pay us until you have
a position. Largest system of telegraph schools
in America. Endorsed by all railway officials.
Operators always in demand. Ivar'ies also ad-
mitted, Wriie for catalogue.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY.
Cincinnati, O , Buffalo, N. Y., Atlanta, Ga., I^a
Crosse Wis., Texarkana, Tex , San Francisco,
Calif. ' 8-os-4t

I will sell my crop of

WHITE CLOVER

extracted honey at 6>/4 cts. a pound, F. O. B., in
60-lb. cans boxed singly.

LOUIS J. BERGDOLL.

929 N. 29th St., Phila., Penn.

American

BEE

Journal

All about Bees.

16-page Weekly.

Sample Free. $1

a year; 3 months'
Trial Trip, 20c. silver or stamps.
Best writers. Oldestbee-paper;
illustrated. I>ept's for beginners
and tor women bee-keepers.

GEORGE W.YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

and bees cost no more than poor ones. We fur-
nish good ones on short notice. Untested, 75c
each; $100 for 6; or S7-5o per dozen. Tested,
$125 each. Breeders, $3.00.

Nuclei, i-frame, with queen, $t 50: 2-frame,
f2 00; 3-frame, $2 50. Absolute satisfaction or
no deal We breed six pure races. Price list
describing them free. We are agents for the
Dittmer comb foundation for this State and sell
at Dittmer's prices. If you wish your wax work-
ed into foundation for cash we will receive same
and furnish you the foundation trom our stock;
which will .save you much time and freight,

THE BEE AND HONEY CO.,
2-05-tf BeeviHe, Tex.

GINSENG.

T 0,000 select roots
for sale for plant-
ing, at J5 00 per
100: also ginseng
seed at Ji 50 per ounce, or $20.00 per pound. As
I prepire it gS per cent of this seed will germi-
tiate. No reduction on large orders. My 5-year
old roots will average fn m one to two ounces
when dry, and the August quotations for dry
roots are J?-l 00 per pound. Complete directions
for planting and care of beds will be sent with
each order. The work will not conflict with
apiarian work. Address,

EUCI^ID RIDGE APIARIES,

Wickliffe, Ohio.

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

319

rS^S^ &S^& tS^S. &S^& f^&f. &&S^ &S.S^ 5:5,$, 5,5^5, g^g^g; 5;5.S. g^g^g, 5,5,5^ g.5,5. 5^5.5. J., g^ , ^

5-i-?^

The beg-inning of the year is always a busy time
with publishers. Not one of them that would not g-ive
quite a little if all renewals would come in before the
end of the year, then all chanofes could be made, and be
out of the way, and the attention turned to something-
else. As an inducement to subscribers to renew before
the end of the year, I have decided to make a g-enerous
clubbings offer with the Cosmopolitan mag-azine.

In my opinion, this mag-azine stands in the front
rank. It is not simply g^iven to lig:ht fiction, but
contains many serious and really helpful articles. I have
read it for years, and, of the magazines, I think it is my
favorite. It has now^ been sold to the Hearst Org-aniza-
tion, and will be boomed as it never has been before. It
IS expected that, within a year, it will outrank every
other magfazine in this country. "The best, no matter
what it costs," is to be the motto of its editors; there-
fore, it is in the Cosmopolitan that you will find the
writers of world-wide reputation. Its fiction will be
masterpieces of pen-craft— its whole contents will set
the standard for magazine perfection. The price of the
Cosmopolitan is $1.00 a year, and the Review is $1.00,
but if you will renew your subscription to the Review
before the end of the year, I will send you the Cosmopoli-
tan for only 60 cts. That is, if you will send your
renewal to the Review before the end of the year, $1.60
will pay for the Review and the Cosmopolitan for one
year.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

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220

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

Homeseekers' Excursions

Southwest

Down Go the Rates!

Oct. 3 and J 7, Nov. 7 and 2 J,
Dec. 5 and 19, via the Santa Fe.
To many points the rate is much
less than one fare for the round trip.
Through Tourist Sleeper Chicago

Ask General Passenger Office fo Galveston.

Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe Vlsit the prOSperOUS Southwest,

Railway, Chicago where a Man-Not-Afraid-of-Work

can make money and enjoy life.

SantaFe

Send for

1905
Catalog:.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
4 oi-fl IJ7-1JQ Cedar Lake RoHil

PAPER CUTTER

FOR SALE.

f^OOT'S BEE-SUPPlilES

HOOT'S PRICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEV & DEUEL, Kendall, Mich

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has coiisolidaled his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for l)()ih of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $!o.oo last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review— simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z HUTCHINSON Flint, Mich

Honey Quotations

The fol owing rules for grading honey were
adopted I y the North Aineiicaii Bee-Reepers'
Association, at the Washington meeting, ami, so
far as p' ssible, quotations are niade according to
these rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
10 all lour sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
e ccept the row of cells next the wood.

No. I. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, det ched at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the hotiey is to be classified
according to color, using ihe terms white, amber
and dark. That 'S, there will be "fanc}' white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices yiven in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must he deducted
f I eight, cartage and cununissioii — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten
per cent ; except that a tew df alers charge only
five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

NEW YORK— New crop of comb hone}' is now
ariiving in a small way and fancj' siock 6nds
ready sale at 14 to 15c per lb.. No. i, at 12c to 13c,
and amber at i ic. No buckwheat on the market
as j'et. Extracted is in good demand, and we
quote Californ'a at 6 to 7'3 per lb., according to
quality. Southern at from 55 to 63c per gallon.
White clover at6'4c to 7c per lb. Beeswax, at 29c.
HILDRETH & SEGEIvKEN,

82-86 Murray St,
Sept. 7, iv"5. New York.

TOLEDO— The maket on comb honey at this
writing has .somewhat improved. J he prices are
firm, with a fair demand. Fancy comb hon« y
in a retail way brings 14 to 15c; No. i, 13 to 14c,
amber 12c . Extracted white cover, in barrels,
6: to6|S{c, amber 5c to 5^^. Beeswax 26c and 2Sc.

We look for a good demand for honey until the
first of DecemVier. and shall be glad to hear
from any one that has anything to ofTer in this
line.

GRIGGS BROTHERS.
Oct. 10, '05 Toledo, Ohio,

CINCINNATI— Reports from different parts of
the country give evidence of an almost total
failure in the comb honey crop excepting some
points in the North. We are selling this
Northern comb houey, at from 14 to 16c per lb.
by the cwse.

The demand extracted honey is about equal to
the receipts, which are good. We continue to
sell amber in barrels at 5 J{ to 6c. White clover
at 6'/2 to 7!^c For beeswax, we are paying 30c
per 11). cash, delivered here.

( We wish to call the attention of the producer
to tlie above quotations on honej'. He must not
expect to receive these prices on his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Oct. 6-05 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUFFAIvO— The demand is better for honey of
all grades, and quite liberal lots can be .sold now.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, 14 to 15c: No.
I white, 12 to 13c; fancy amber, 10 to iic; No. i
amber loc; fancy dark 8 and 9. Beeswax 2S
to 32c.

B.A.rTERSON & CO..
Oct. I, 1905. BufTalo. N. Y.

KANSAS CIT^'— The honey market is firm,
stock scarce, and demand good at the following
prices: Fan.y white, i2'-,c to 13c; No. i white
i2}.^c; No. 1 amber iic; fancy dark 10c; white, ex-
tracted 7c; amber, 6"/,c;bee'wax 25 to 2Sc.

WALKER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Oct. 10, 1905 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo.

K \VS i.S CITY— Market is strong and demand
good for comb honey. While extracts d is selling
fairly well. We look for the market to remain
firm. We quote as follows: Fancy white, per
case $3. 35; No i white, percise: $3 25 white ex-
tracted, 6Hc to 7c; amber 6 to 6'^ :. Beeswax, 2Sc.

C C. CLKMONS & CO,.
Oct. 8, 1905 Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO — We are having an excellent call
for new comb honey. First car of California
white comb in No i sections, arrived yesterday',
containing 1760 crates. Sold about half the car
today at i3^c to 14c. We quote a. follows: Fancy
whi'e, 14c; No. I white, 13c to 13^-20; fancy amber
iT^cto i2^c; No. I amber, lie to 12c; white, ex-
tracted, 6% to 7c; amber, 5% to 6c.
S T FI->K & CO.,

189 South Water St.
Sept. 14, 1905. Chicago, I'l

CHICAGO — Tiie demand for comb honey is
about as usual for the season of year. Offerings
frcmthe sur-oui'ding States r, re fully e'luai to
psst season, but that from Colorado and the
Middle U'f stern States is not. No. i t > fancy
white comb honey 'sells at 13 to 14c, with occa-
sional sale at 15c; the off grades, embracing
crooked combs, etc , sell at iic to 12c; amber
grades are difficult to pla<"e at 9c to loc Ex-
tracted white, 6 to 7c; according to kind, body,
flavor and package; ambers 554c to 6^2C. Bees-
wax is selling upon arrival at 30c, if clean; off
grades about 2c per lb. less.

R. A. BURNETT & CO..
Oct. 5. 1905 199 So. Water St

All You Have To Do

Is to send your name on a postal and
get our way down prices on the best
dovetailed bee-hive made. The prices
on our g-oods are lower than the lowest.
The workmanship is excellent. We
make all up-to-date goods. Our Oct.
and Nov. discount, discounts everj' thing-
you have seen. Send to-day. We make
our own foundation, therefore you get it
direct froin the factory. Address

The Wood Bee=Hive & Box Co.
Lansing, Mich.

WEEKS

CENTS

We wish every reader of the Bee-Keepers' Review to become acquainted
with Gl^anin^s in Bee Culture. "We extend a cordial invitation in our offer
to send you the paper ten weeks for ten cents.

There is no bee paper in the world like Gleaning-s. Its aim is to meet the
needs of every bee-keeper everywhere and it needs it Whether j'ou own one
colony or a thousand or are merely interested 3'on cannot afford to miss a single
number. Gleaning-s is progressive. Every number is an improvement over the

last.

CONTRIBUTORS. It is useless to state that G/eanfnj^s excels in this
point. A regular department is edited by Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M. Doolittle,
Prof. A. J. Cook, J. A. Green and Louis Scholl. These names speak for them-
selves for they are the best writers of the day. Every issue contains articles
from the pens of the best bee-keepers all over the land. A list of them would be
the catalog- of the most successful bee-keepers the world over. We will soon be-
g-in a series of remarkable articles by E W. Alexander. We are safe in saying-
a higher price was never paid for an article of this class as we paid for a single
one of this series. Every one of them will be worth hundreds of dollars to
bee-keepers

HAI^F-TONE ILLUSTRATIONS. During- the past summer we have
had a special artist to take photographs for us. He has traveled on our account
alone the past summer over 400 miles and we can promise some very fine
pictures. Many of the Second Prize Photo Contest, American and Foreign will
appear soon. Our engravings are made by the very finest eng-ravers in the
United States. Just this wealth of illustration doubles the value of the paper.

DHCEMBMR isTH ISSUE: We are pleased to announce that extensive
plans are now under way for a Special Christmas Issue of Gleanings, It is
planned that this issue shall far exceed in its wealth of contributed articles, its
half-tones and its cover design anything that heretofore has been attempted
in bee-keeping literature. The cover is to be designed and printed by one of the
best cover establishments in the United States The desig'n is something unique
and beautiful indeed. This issue will contain nearly 100 pages and 40,000'
copies will be printed, making a bee-keepers magazine that compares favorably
with any magazine of the present day.

SUBSCRTBE. When you have read this notice, take up your pen and tell
us to send 3'ou Gleanings ten weeks and enclose ten cents, in coin or stamps.
Don't put it off. The magnificent Christmas Number alone will be worth 25c to-
any bee-keeper — we don'^t promise this number to any but subscribers — Don'ft
put this matter off for you will never be able to spend 10c to better advantage.

THE A. I. ROOT CO.,

MEDINA, OHIO

November, 1905.

»*

Flint, Michigan, S 1.00 a Year

Bee-Keepers'RcvicW I f^^tional Bee-Keepers'

Association.

PUBI.ISHED MONTHI,Y
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and PubUsber

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice, Feb. 2, 1888. Serial uuraber, 214

Terms— f 1. 00 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cnba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

Discontinuances— The Review is sent un-
til orders are received for its discontinuance.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscription,
further notices being sent if the first is not heed
ed Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at once upon
receipt of the first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that he wishes the Review continiied,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who preters
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Nov. 15, 1905

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discouuts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 limes, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Clubbing List.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) (f 1 00) $1 75

American Bee Journal, (new)...( 100) 1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ( 100) 1.75

Progressive Be^ Keeper ( .50) '-35

American Bee Keeper ( .5°) '-40

Rural Bee-Keeper ( i 00) 1.75

Western Bee Journal ( 100) 1-75

Ohio Farmer ( too) 1-75

Farm Journal (Phila) .50 ....... 1.2"

Rural New Yorker ( i 00) -iS5

The Century ( 40o) 4-5o

Michigan Farmer ( 100) 1.05

Prairie Farmer ( 100) '75

American Agriculturist ( i 00) i 75

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3 '5

Harper's Magazine ( 4 00) 4''^

Harper's Weekly ( 400) 4-20

■Voulhs' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2.35

Cosmopolitan ( i.oo) 1 .90

Success ( i«>> ••■•'^

Objects of the Association.

To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Annual Membership $j.oo.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Colo.
President.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasure!

Hoard of Directors.

\Vm. McEvov. Woodburn, Ont.
R. 1,. Taylor, l,apeer, Mich.

Udo ToEPPERWEiN, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, I.oveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y
E. whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
WM. A, Selser, Philadelphia. Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
R. A. Holekamp. St. I.O"is, Mo.

J. M Hambauch, Escondido. Cal.
C. A Hatch, Richland Cen., Wi".
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

a^aaa^M^uuMUii^^^a!:JM^uziU':iU'j

I Names of Bee-Keepers

TYRE WRITXEN

E;ciBCCci5BCECisacci5c;p3ic;iaErac:r.r.rj

The naniesof my customers, and of tho.xe ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ.
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates),
and, though this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to advertisers or others at }2.oo per thoii.'-aiid
names. The loriner price was $2.50 pei looc, lut
I now havea type writer, and by using the man-
ifold process, I can furnish them at |2.oo A
manufacturer who wishes for a list of Ihe iianits
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibly
in the adjoining States, can be accomiiu'ciaiea
Here is a list of the States and the number of
names in each State.

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 37S
Colo... 22S
Canada 1200

Conn ..
Dak.. .
Del.. .
Fla....
Ga . . . .
Ind...
Ills....
Iowa..

162
25
18
100
90
744
1375
800

Ky

Kaiis..

I.a

Mo

Minn..
Mich...
Mats.. .

Md

Maii.e
Miss.. .
N. Y...
Neb.. ..
N. J.
N. H. .

1S2

350

38

500

3.^4
1770

275

94

270

70

I -00

.345

■30

158

W. Z. HUTCHINSON

N. C fo

New Mex. 54
Oregon.. 109
Ohio... 130c
Penn .
R. I..
S. C. . .
Tenn.
Tex..

Utah 68

Vt 205

Va \y>

W. Va....)78
Wash.... 122

Wis 620

Flint, Mich.

46
40
176
270

Prompt Shipments,

Are what j'ou want and we
can make them. Sendinj'our
orders and be convinced that
we can do it. WISCONSIN
BASSWOOD FOR SEC-
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED
HIVES made by ourselves
now. A full line of supplies
for bee-keeping- on hand.

IVIaFshfield ]VIfg. Co.

IWapshfield, Wis.

I^o Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls,
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.

Sprout Brook, N. Y

BEE KEEPERS'
EARLY DISCOUNTS.

Now is the time to send in
your order for goods for use
next season and for all orders
where cash accompanies, we
allow the the followincr dis-

count

s :

Before

Oct.

Nov. I
Dec. 1
Jan. I
Feb. I
Mar. I
Apr. :

d

;duct

lO

9

S
7
6
4
2

per

cent

Freight rates from Toledo are the
lowest. Can take honey and bees-
wax in exchange for snpplies if you
desire Send for free illustrated cat-
alogue. It describes and illustrates
everything for both the Poultry and
Bee-Keepets.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Griggs Block
TOLEDO, - - OHIO.

Lowest Prices.

BIG DISCOUNT FOR EARLY
ORDERS.

On cash orders
Before November i 9 per cent.
December i S ,.
January 17,,
February 16 „
March i 4 ,,

April 12,,

Bee Supplies of all Kinds,

Established nearly 25 years.

We have published the American
Bee Keeper for 1,5 years, (monthly
50c a year). The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine ofits kind for the
price published. Eaited by two of
the most experienced bee-keepers in
America .Sample copy free. Our
large, illustiated price list of supplies
free on application.

The W. T, Falconer Mf g.

Company,

Jamfstown, N. Y.

322

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

While you are at the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention at Chicago, Dec. 19, 20,
21, be sure to make your headquarters at
our Chicago Agency, H. IVB. Arnd, Mgr.,
York Honey and Bee Supply Co., 141 On-
tario St., Chicago, III., where you will be
cordially welcomed.

The following are Distributing Points for Lewis Goods:

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. lyUmber Co , Fairbault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, O.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton, O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich

York Honey & Bee Supply Co., Chi-
cago, 111., 141 & 143 Ontario St.

IvOuis Hansen's vSons, Davenport, Iowa.

Adam A. Clarke, L,e Mars, low i.

Southwestern Bee Co . San Antonio,
Texas., 438, Houston St,

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa,

Bee-Keepers'
Supplies.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Colorado Honey Producers Association.

Denver, Colo
Fruit Growers' Ass'n., Grand Junction,

Colo.
Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

Association. Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, I^ovelaud, Colo.
Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.
Chas. H. l^illy & Co., Seattle. Wash.
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.
A. Coppin, Wenona, 111.
CaliTornia, Lumber & Milling Co., San

Francisco, Calilornia.
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn HeMg Eng.

Watertown,
Wis., U. S. A.

jR^ake Your Ovs/n Hives.

3ee ^ Keepers

Will save money by
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogue.

W.F.&JNO.BARNESCO.,

384 Bnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 -04 igt

'1^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

323

Discount

We will allow you the above discount
on all orders accompnied by cash during
November. Send for Catalogue.

Page & Lyon Mfg. Co., New London, Wis.

A New Deal.

A manufacturer of bee hives has an
over stock. He wants the cash NOW.

8-fr. 1^-st. E. Dove hives, 85cts each.
No. 1 sections $2.97.
There are some conditions:

1st. Cash by Nov. 29, 1905.

2nd. You must become a sub-
scriber to the Rural Bee-
keeper, one year in advance,
$1.00.

3rd. You must send your or-
der to the undersig-ned, add-
ing- thereto 10 per cent, for
amounts Jess than SoO.OO.
7>^ percent, on amounts over
$50.00 and less than $100.00.
6 per cent, on amounts $100
to $500.

5 per cent, on amounts $500
to $1,000.

3 per cent, on amounts over
$1,000.

No Catalog-ue. Order now. This is
the last chance. Will not appear ag-ain.

W- H, Putnam, River Falls, Wis,

■K€IM»1I

The Companion as a Christmas

Gift.

Can you think of a ffift more certain
to be acceptable than a year's sub-
scription to The Youth's Companion ?
Is there any one, young: or old, who,
having once had the paper in his
hands and looked throug-h it, did not
wish to possess it for his very own ? It
IS a grift which, far from losing-' its
freshness as Christmas receds into the
past, grrows moredelightful, more nec-
essary to one's enjoyment, week bv
week. ■^

The boy likes it for it reflects in its
pages every boy's taste and every fine
boyish aspi ration. The father likes it,
not only for its fiction but for its fund
of information of the practical sort.
The gnrl likes it for the stories, anec-
dotes, sketches and editorial articles
printed in each number especially for
her. The mother likes it for its stories
of domestic life and family affection,
for Its children's page and its medical
article.

On receipt of $1.75, the yearly sub-
scription price, the publishers send to
the new subscriber all the remaining-
issues of The Conpanion for 1905 and
the "Minutemen" Calander for 1906,
lithographed in twelve colors and g-old.

Full illustrated announcement of the
new volume for 1906 will be sent with
sample copies of the paper to any
address free.

THE YOUTH'S COMPANION,
144 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass.

324

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

W^m^

a

DflDflNT'S FOUIlDflTIOfi"

IT EXCELS.

^^ ^^ ^^ ^*

We Guarantee Satisfaction.

ft^* ^^ e^* c^*'

BEE=SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS.

Beeswax Wanted at all times.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids,
Agents for Michigan.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

^(

g.'^S^®,'^*

m^m^m^^m

i^tlS^'^tBSK*'^

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8c ° j

TWO OR MORE CRATES; 1 )i
LARGER LOTS; WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B. CINCINNATI. CASH WITH ORDER. SAMPLES 1 Ock
TO PAY POSTAGE. o'

TH E FRED AV. M UTH GO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCiNNATI, OHIO.

SEND FOB CATALOG OF BEE SUPPLIES WITH SPECIAL DISCOUNT,

Q.

CQ

a.

cq

o

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.
w. z. auTCBiNSfiN, Ediior M Proprieioi

VOL. XVIJI. FLINT, MICHIGAN, NOV.l6rT905yNOnY

Tl^© FlhislogopSny ©f FtpotecMiig Bees
Wi^li Tariredl Fapero

A. G. MILLER.

TTjFCAR Bro. Editor: -Your letttr re-
^-^ questing- an article on tarred paper
as a winter protection for bee hives
calls for 1113' careful consideration. As
you may know, I have been preaching-
the tarred paper method to readers of
the American Bee-Keeper for a long-
time. You may also know we boast
tliat the s:ood things in bee-keeping-
appear there first, but we are also
quite willing to help you serve your
readers with them.

Before discussing when and how to
put on the paper it will be well to con-
sider the conditions within a bee-hive
during- the cooler months. At such
times the bees are gathered into a
fairly compact cluster, many of them
in cells, and the food supply entering
only the outer layer of this sphere.
Within this cluster the temperature is
not far from 76 degrees F., varying up
and down with the activity of the bees,
the activity being governed by the tem-
perature of the air surrounding the
bees, by the comforter discomfort of
the bees, and by the amount of food
held in their honey sacs.

T/ie air zvithin the hive and surround-
ing the cluster is very little higher than
that outside the hive. This should be
borne in mind. Now when the bees feel
the need of more food they begin to
raise the temperature, move about and
feed. Perhaps we should say they be-
gin to move about and feed and thus
raise the temperature. As soon as
their needs are satisfied they relapse
into their former quiet state. With the
feeding activity there is more or less
fanning or ventilating. This releases
some of the warm and moisture-charged
air of the cluster, and slightly raises
the temperature of the surrounding
air.

If the cluster thus described is en-
closed in a hive through the walls of
which the heat of the sun easily passes,
then when the sun shines, the air con-
tained in the hive is warmed and the
bees aroused. This warming up of
the hive is beneficial, in that it drives
out the moisture condensed from the
breath of the bees and enables the bees
to move and feed at a minimum of wear
and tear to themselves. But if the heat-

328

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

admitting- walls also permit its rapid
radiation on the passing- of the sun, the
benefit from the heat is more than off-
set, because the bees are liable to be
chilled before they can again form a
cluster.

If the walls of the hive do not permit
the ready heating of the interior by the
sun, we have conditions as bad in an-
other way as those in the previous case.
To move about, the bees have to pro-
duce heat themselves, and, do their
best, they heat the interior of their hive
only a very few degrees above the out-
side atmosphere. The cluster in such
a hive is comparable to a man in the
room of an unheated house in winter.
We all know how the chill of such a
room penetrates us, and how slightly
the presence of a person can raise the
temperature. There is this difference,
however, the bees have fresh air while
that in the closed room is not. A chaff
packed hive is virtually an ice house to
the bees, they cannot warm it nor can
the sun help them in the few hours it
is up in the winter. Its advantages
in winter are in preventing sudden
changes within the hive chamber and
lessening the condensation of the walls
of the hive. But it also prevents the
sun from aidiiig- in the drying- out of
the hive.

The warm and moisture laden air
which slowly escapes from the cluster
of the bees rises, spreads out, cools,
settles and flows from the entrance, if
the latter is larg-e enoug-h for g-ood cir-
culation. In the unprotected hive this
warm and moist air deposits much of
its moisture on the cold walls of the
hive, and on the combs and frames, but
the first sunshiny and mild day dispels
most of it. In a single-walled hive
wrapped in material which is wind
and water-proof, black in color, and a
poor conductor of heat, we have a
domicile for the bees which will absorb
heat in goodly volume, with consider-
able rapidity, and give it up slowly.
It embodies the good points of both the

sing-le-walled and the chaff hive, and
avoids their bad ones.

Tarred building paper possesses the
desired properties for a hive wrapping
to a higher degree than anj'thing else I
know of, but it is rather dirty to handle
and is of small value for a second
season's use. A sheet of this laid on
the top of a hive and folded down
about the sides as one would wrap a
bundle, the lower edges of the paper
coming below the edge of the bottom
board, except at the entrance, and
these lower edges fastened down with
strips of wood, will make a hive im-
pervious to wind or moisture. Because
of its black color it readily absorbs the
heat of the sun's rays, thus warming
the hive and its contents. Because of
its poor conductivity (by contact), and
because it does not lie closely against
the hive, it prevents the rapid radiation
of heat. Hence, a hive so protected,
when the sun shines on it, heats
rapidly, and when the sun is gone
cools slowly, paradoxical as that may
seem.

The substance of the foregoing para-
graph should be carefully noted, other
wise the conclusion may be jumped at
that the virtue of the system lies either
in the color, or the fact that some sort
of paper is used.

There is a hive made by the \V. T.
Falconer Mfg. Co. that approaches the
conditions of a hive wrapped as above
more nearly than any other I know of,
and if it were painted black would be
almost identical, but possessing the
advantage of permanency and dura-
bilit3' though the initial cost is more. If
the dark hive were in a shady location
in tlie summer no objection could be
had against the color. The hive I
refer to is known as the Air Spaced
hive. It has, two Yz inch walls sepa-
rated by an inch space, and the space
face of each wall is covered with a
sheet of heavy building paper.

One factor I have left until the last
because of its importance. The en-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

329

trance to the hives should be left wide
open, that is, 14 inches wide by Yz
hig-h, then when bees are roused by
the warmth they are less likelj' to
leave the hive when the outer air is
dangerously cold. They come down
close to the entrance and stop. Such
as do fly, are, as a rule, bees which
would otherwise die in the hive.

BETTER METHODS OK RENDKKING AND
SELLING BEESWAX ARE NEEDED.

Beeswax is quoted in the apicultural
press at from 2.Sc to 30c per pound, and
yet there is a market in cities and most
larg-e towns for pure wax at SOc a
pound and upwards. Many diversified
industries use it; such as manufactur-
ing jewelers, leather workers, tailors,
etc. It seems a g-revious loss for the
producers to sell their wax for SOc,
and pay the freight on it at that, when
a little efltort will make a market 3'ield-
ing from 60 to 100 per cent. more. For
twenty and more years I have sold all
the wax I could px'oduce, at SOc a
pound, and never had to seek a custo-
mer, they seeking me. Many indust-
ries using wax cannot use a substitute,
nor an adulterated article, and they
are often seriousl}' hampered hy the
difficulty of securing pure wax.

In your journeyings you have noticed
the carelessness of many bee-keepers
in leaving pieces of comb about the
apiary, of piles of comb more or less

moulded or moth infested and going to
waste. Three thing-s are accountable
for this condition; neglig-ence, labor of
rendering-, and small returns for the
labor. I believe it is quite possible to
materially increase the wax output of
any apiary through greater care in
saving- the pieces of comb, through
deeper cutting when uncapping,
through more frequent renewal of
combs or parts of combs, and, lastly,
through less wasteful methods of rend-
ering it. The extraction of wax as at
present conducted is both laborious
and wasteful. If wax production is to
be profitable, the item of time to pounds
produced, with a g-iven amount of labor
must be carefully considered. With
wax presses, which, so far, have
yielded the largest amount of wax from
the material treated of any process,
we have a slow, a hot, a laborious,
and a sloppy system, in other words
an expensive method. Besides this, a
press will not yield all of the wax. It
is impossible. The principle is wrong-.
All the wax can be secured, and that
with little labor or time. [Tell us
how. Ed.]

The returns from wax in an apiary
of only half a dozen colonies can easily
be made $5.00, or more, as I have dem-
onstrated. In a larger apiary the the
returns are proportionately larger.

Providence, R. I., Oct. 4, 1905.

L© MaEn^ ^ided Pr©Iblesiii of
Otat°AplarieSo

F. GOVERDALE.

M^J

R. EDITOR, the topic of out-apia-
ies is deep, broad, and long to the
extreme. Their manag-ement isdifficult
to successfully carry out; and I fear will
always not achieve sufficient success to
tide them over from year to year; espe-

cially so in poor and scanty locations.
However, the field is full of hope, and,
in many places, will, no doubt, prove
faithful to the determined man. He
will probably succeed as often as with
any other rural pursuit.

330

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
LOCATION.

A good location is first in the list,
and, should be selected with extreme
care. It is not enoug-h to have abund-
ant white clover, surrounding" each
yard, for white clover often fails to
secrete nectar. Heartsease fig-urcs
nearly one-half; and, if my locations
had not had the latter, I should have
been compelled to step down and out.
A location with plenty of clover and
heartsease, with basswood added,
would be ideal; furnishing- a constant
flow from June 5th till frost; except,
about 20 days, from the last of July,
to about the middle of Aug-ust. Sweet
clover, if it could be added, would fill
the gap. I can only speak of my own
locality. Water near by is of m.uch
importance; and, in selecting- a loca-
tion, I would go if possible to a creek
valley. Look the field over for two and
one-half miles around, and, even after
looking it over, you may not succeed in
getting in. If you can buy a patch of
ground by all means do it; if not, lease
a sufficient piece of ground for a term
of years, so that you won't be com-
pelled to move off right away. Try
and do business on substantial basis.
I own the land on which my apiaries
are located, except one, and that is on
my brother's farm, and, all goes
smoothly, and, is just to my liking.
Some years ago I agreed with a man,
to pay him $10.00 a year for setting a
yard of bees on his farm, without
specifying the time they could stay, or
even drawing up any writings, and in
two years was told to move oflf. An-
other instance was when a farm
changed hands, and again I was told
to move. Such experience is not pleas-
ant, and I promised myself to make
different arrangements in the future.
So, I say, own the land on which your
apiary sets, if you can.

When the land is yours, set the bees
on, build a little honey house of drop-
siding. Put in a floor, and have a flat

roof covered with tin. Make the house
six and one-half feet high, and five
feet square, with the door opening out.
This will hold a good load of comb
honey. Don't put in a window, but
have an opening, 18 inches square, on
the top of the back side, covering it
with a large screen cone Such a little
house as this can be hauled on a
wagon or a sled to any place where
needed.

Such a house is sufficient for the
comb honey producer, who has a large
honey house at home, that will hold
all of the honey from all of the little
houses for the season's run. The house
at home will need plenty of light, as
here will be done all of the work of
crating and cleaning, and nearly all
other work. My little houses cost
$18.00 each.

My cellars are sixteen feet long, by
seven feet wide inside measure, and,
seven feet deep. They are stoned
solidly all around, except the doorway,
boarded over head with groove roofing
and battened. The roof should be
quite steep to insure against leakage.
There is a door left in one end
of the attic, and over the upper floor
are spread four inches of planer shav-
ings. A ventilating chimney, one foot
square, runs up ten feet above the peak.
This ventilator is madefiom boards,
one by twelve. I have found this venti-
lating chimney very valuable in con
nection with those small cellars,
packed chuck full of bees. Much honey
is saved by using these cellars, even in
anopen winter, and $28.00 builds such a
cave. I find them to give entire satis-
faction. There's no bother about the
bees until it is time to take them out.
These cellars should be well down in
the ground, with a good thick coat of
planer shavings on the floor over head,
so as to keep the temperature high, say
45 to 50 degrees. Ten dollars will pay
tor a shed in which to run in a team of
horses. Fifty-one dollars for housing
stock, covers the bill in each yard.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

331

A THOUSAND-DOLLAR MISTAKE.

I have no desire to chang-e any of the
above fixtures. When I first started to
establish out-apiaries, I began making-
chaff hives, exactly after the pattern
that the leaders sold upon the market,
and I kept on until nearly two hun-
dred had been made. Today, all ex-
cept about two dozen are made over
into single- walled hives and shade
boards. The making of these chaff
hives was the biggest mistake I ever
made during all my bee-keeping life.
It would take well up to a thousand
dollars to pay for this one mistake.
Bees winter far better when carried
into a little shed, open to the south, and
each colony packed over head with
planer shavings, with good ventilation
between the cover and the shavings,
thus allowing all the moisture to
escape from the planer shavings, than
they winter in chaff hives and it is
far cheaper. The chaff hive is very
cumbersome to handle, besides, when
an extra hard winter comes, it will
"find you out. "

The swarming problem, which has
been such an apparent terror to us, is
gradually sinking into insignificance.
When we visited each yard each alter-
nate dajs swarming was easil3^ man-
aged, and we secured quite fair results.
However, there was some "leakage"
along this line, and I am practicing
shook-swarming with some good re-
sults, although it is not altogether sat-
isfactory. Some few persist in having
a daily swarm, or they build drone
comb and fool the time away. I am
looking for more light along this line;
will some one please turn on the
"switch ?"

TIPPING OVER HIVES TO DISCOVER
OUEEN CELLS.

While making shook-swarms, I found
it considerable work to take off from
one to four supers, in order to get
down into the brood nest and find out
if queeo cells are being built, and I

therefore put myself to work seeking
an easier method. I now use what I
call a "tilting board." Two persons
walk up to the hive, thrust the bottom
end of the tilting board under the back
end of the hive, tip all carefully back-
wards, and take off the bottom board
when the bottom of the brood chamber
stares you squarely in the face. In
one minute's time the operator can tell
whether the swarming fever has set in
or not. The hive bottom is then put
back in place, and all let down again
upon the four bricks as before. While
going over the yard, all colonies that
have eggs or larvae in queen cells are
swarmed. Two men would be able to
attend a thousand swarms worked in
this way for comb honey, if the yards
are not too distant.

We use horses to draw all loads to
and from the yards; and when the
horses are not needed to draw a load,
a motor car or automobile is used, and
is a greathelp in catchingup. Itsaves
the horses nearly altogether for load-
work. The 'mobile is decidedly the
best mode of travel among out-yards
when no loads are to be drawn.

HOW TO START AN OUT-APIARY.

When the bee-keeper has 150 colonies
at home, he is in position to start an
out-yard. Here is the way to start:
When spring is at hand, have all hives
in readiness, and haul them to the
ground where the new yard is to be
located, also taking twenty good col-
onies of bees from the old yard. Order
from some good, reliable queen breeder
in the South, eighty untested queens to
reach your station just at the begin-
ning of the white clover flow. After
your queens have arrived, go to the
new 3'ard, and carry two good frames
of brood, bees and all, to each new
hive, leaving the old queen on the old
stand with two of the combs containing
the least brood. This will furnish you
eighty new colonies or nuclei, for the
new queens that have arrived. Shut

332

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

those last eighty colonies up, with a
screen over the fronts so that all have
plenty of air, and, if very hot, shade
the hives, and leave them shut up
twenty-four hours. At evening-, take
the cages with those new queens, and
insert them between the two frames of
brood, with the screen down and the
candy exposed. Shut them up for an-
other twenty-four hours; at which time
the screens may come oflf, and bees be
liberated. If you are as successful as
the writer has been, there will be no
loss of any account, and as nice a lot
of worker comb will be built on the re-
maining empty frames as one can be
under any conditions; providing your
queen breeder has served you as he
should. This yard should be in first-
class shape to do good work for the
coming season. This way of starting
an out-apiary suits me best of all —
little work and good results.

THE HIRED HELP PROBLEM.

My idea of the hired help problem is
that a skilful, trusty operator must be
continually in the field, and the work
so managed that one band of workers
can go from yard to yard, looking for
cells or making swarms, or doing what-
ever is necessary — especially so during
the swarming season. Your helpers
will have all of these little honej'
houses filled with supers ready to go
on the hives before the honey harvest
begins, which allows a grand good
start in the beginning.

We have a buzz saw and have made
all our hives from start to finish, and
it certainly has been a great saving.

One contemplating the making of hi«=
own hives should be very particular to
have all hives and all supers in all of
their parts, an exact pattern of the first
ones made, and that to be of some
standard make, so tliat in all time to
come all p.irts will be interchangeable.
If one can do this and has the leisure .
time, I sav make 3'our own hives and
supers, for, witliout a doubt, it will
pay 3'ou well.

CLIPPING QUEENS.
For clipping q eens, a pair of curved,
pointed, little scissors, such as come
with a manicure set, are just the thing;
and we think all queens should be
clipped before the swarming season
opens up, for when you clip the queens
you have the inside track on the bees.

CROSS BEES AND STINGING.

I have learned that it is not good
policy to locate the out-apiary too close
to where farm work is to be done.
Try and have them hedged in by
shrubs or trees so that the bees will
not bother any one plowing corn, mak-
ing hay, or passing by on the highway.
In addition, handle the bees so as not
to unduly enrage them, this will save
you perhaps all trouble along this
line.

If I were renting land to place bees
upon, I don't know but I would have a
large cellar at home, and haul them
home in the fall, and out again in the
spring. Thus I would not calculate to
be substantially located on another's
farm, as a cave is not movable, but all
of the rest of the fixtures are.

Maouoketa, Iowa, Dec. 10, 1S)04.

>i>^=^='r^{

s:t\y sii

rlV(

Up^^ard Ventllatlofic

G. A. OLMSTEAD.

FRIEND HUTCHINSON— I finished
moying my bees from the out-

apiary the day before election, putting
some of them right into the cellar, but

THE BEE-IfEEPERS' REVIEW

333

left most of them out, hoping- they
would have another flig-ht before going-
into the cellar. I shall not wait much
long-er, however, as those in the cellar
have been so quiet one would not be-
lieve there was a live bee in the hives;
and the cellar window is wide open to
the west, so that the sun shines in in
the afternoon. I am satisfied that, in
this locality, bees are better off when
put into the cellar the first part of
November, before their honey and
combs have been exposed to a freezing-
temperature and the other conditions
that go with it. At this time, the combs
are usually dry, while, if left in a
freezing- temperature for a while,
there is considerable moisture all
throug-h the hive as the result of con-
densation. I believe that bees placed
in a good cellar before hard freezing-,
with the hive perfectly dry, will stand
six months' confinement, from October
to May, far better than they would five
months, or even four, beg'-inning- De-
cember 1st.

I am glad to learn that another has
tried leaving- the brood nest with only
a cloth covering-. It was by accident,
or I think I better say necessity, that I
learned of this great advantage. I
had been leaving the bottoms off the
hives for several winters, with the
ordinary outcome, but two years ago I
bought a lot of bees in hives that had
tight bottoms; not boards nailed on the
outside, but fitted inside and nailed in
from the sides and back, so it was
almost impossible to get them out.
Under the circumstances, I did what I
thought was the next best thing; left
the bottoms in, and put pieces of old
carpet over the frames, or brood nest,
then laid two sticks across and set an-
other hive on them, and so on, six
hives high. I believe you can guess
the result. It was such that I have

since left all the bottoms on and the
tops open, as above, and I don't ask
for better results. We go through the
cellar with a light, probably every
day, as we have to go through the bee
cellar to get to the vegetable cellar.

I tell you, Hutchinson, the inclina-
tion of bee-keepers to everlastingly fol-
low the plans laid down or prescribed
by others, giving the subject but little
thought or study themselves, is the
stumbling block to many who other-
wise might make the business boom.

Just as soon as I found those bees
wintering so well, I began looking into
the matter. I took combs from the
side, and found them and the hive per-
fectly dry and sweet; while those with
bottoms off, but tops on, were damp,
and the side-walls of the brood cham-
ber had beads of w,ater on the surface;
in fact, the whole thing had that cold
chilly feeling so characteristic of such
a place.

Up to this time, two years af^-o,
winter losses had been my worse
trouble as there is p.-actically nothing
for my bees to get after basswood
bloom (July 20).

There is not a day after that when
my bees will not rob furiously if given
a chance; and, necessarily, they go
into winter in comparatively poor
shape, as brood-rearing stops earlj-.

Oh, yes, one thing more: I have tried
the clipped sting plan for re-queening
more thoroughly this summer and it
works to perfection. I tried it with
four and it was slick. Just put in a
young virgin— or a laying queen that
has been caged in the cluster a little
while and that's all there is to it.
Any time after that when you get your
eye on her clip her sting then you will
not have to hunt her up when you want
to introduce another.
East Bloomfield, N. Y., Nov. 10, 'O4.

334

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

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ojr"^^*^*^'*'*'^'*'*''*'^"*''^'''^*^*"^^*'^'^*'*'^''^**"^^*^''*'^'^'^''""-'*''*'^"'^"'**^*"^*'***'''-*^'''**'*'*'^-'''^*^'*''*

Julia Ida Mondeng, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Chas. Mondeng-, of Minnea-
polis was married to Mr. Ernest W.
Langdon, on Oct. 30th. The Review
extends its congratulations.

^■^ ^ ^mjr'K^^rf^

Michigan Dairymen will hold their an-
nual convention in Jackson, Feb. 27th,
28th and March 1st, and it has been
suggested that the Michigan bee-keep-
pers hold their annual convention at
the same time and place, in order to
take advantage of the reduced rates.
Suggestions will be in order.

•a^tL^'a.^^^d^d^

Lectures on Bees'and Honeys before
day and Sunday schools, might be
made to do much good. Reference has
been made in these columns before in
regard to the work done in this line b3'
Mr. Hershiser, of Buffalo, and, from
hand bills that have just come to hand,
I see that Mr. John C. Frohliger, of
Cincinnati, Vice President of the Ham-
ilton Countj' Bee-Keepers' Association,
has been doing some work in this line.
In his lecture, Mr. Frohliger uses
part of a hive of bees.

Wooden Toothpicks are used by
Walter Hanner for giving prospective
customers a taste of hone}\ In one
corner of his canvassing case he has a
holder filled with toothpicks, and one
of these is thrust into a bottle of thick,
ripe honey, when enough will adhere
to give quite a generous taste to the
recipient. One of these can be given to
each member of the family, children
and all. Every one getting a taste of
honey on one of these new clean pieces
of wood feels sure that it has never
been in some one else's mouth, while
the amount of honey given is just about
enough to whet the appetite for more.

A Receipt is not sent by magazines
and journals when a renewal is re-
ceived. Upon the address label, pasted
upon the wrapper in which the paper
is mailed, appears the date to which
the subscription has been paid. When
a renewal is received, this date is put
ahead to correspond with the pay-
ment. If the date on the label of your
Review-wrapper is "Dec. U5" it shows
that j'our subscription is paid to that
date. When 3'ou send in your dollar
as a renewal, look at the date upon tlie
label attached to the nexf copy that
you receive. If it says "Dec. Ob, ' that
shows that 3'our dollar was received,
and answers ever^^ purpose of a receipt.
If 3'our next paper rafter sending in a
renewal does not show this change of
date, then make inquiries at once. By
looking at this date upon your wrap-
per-label, 3'ou can tell at any time the
date to which your subscription has
been paid.

»^»^'»»^»»»if

Notice the change of dates and place
for holding the National Convention
The change of dates was made because
the Fat Stock Show was postponed two
weeks, the reason given being "the in-
abilit3' of the builders of the amphi-
theater to secure structural steel for
the same;" the managers did not wish
to hold the show out of doors, hence
the dela3^ There will now be no re-
duced railroad rates d uring the first
week in December, and, as it would be
suicidal to attempt the holding of a
convention without reduced rates, the
dates have been put off until Dec. 19th,
20th and 21st.

The place of meeting has been
changed because it was feared that the
accommodations at the Revere House

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

335

mig-ht prove too limited. Brunt Hall,
the new place of meeting-, is in a new
building- where everything- is modern.
There are adjoining- committee and
toilet rooms, pood drinking- water, also
excellent elevator service both day and
nig-ht. Chicago bee-keepers with their
characteristic enter prise and liberality,
pay for the use of the hall.

tPH^t^^' mW

My Bees are all in the cellar. They
were put in from November 4th to
November 10th. Part of them had not
had a Hig-ht in two weeks, and some of
them had a flight the day before
being- put in. Had the apiary been
near the cellar where the bees could
have been rushed into the cellar
in two or three hours if I saw that
winter was coming- on, I might have
left them out two or three weeks longer.
As it was, they had to be packed up
and brought home, then unpacked, and
carried into the cellar, and it would
not answer to wait until winter was
coming- on before beg-inning- the work.
None of them had a flight after being
moved. The bottom boards and covers
were removed, a piece of rag carpet
laid over each hive, and the hives
stacked up with two-inch blocks be-
tween them. This is the earliest I have
ever put bees in the cellar, and I shall
be interested in seeing how the3' pass
the winter.

Feeding Bees in Winter.

If bees need feeding in winter, the
usual advice is to give them candy, un-
less combs of honey can be secured.
This advice is g-ood but the inference
that syrup cannot be successfully fed
is not correct, provided the bees are in
a dry, warm cellar. For instance, the
sudden and unexpected closing of the
honey harvest in 1904, left the 80 colon-
ies of Mr. Walter Harmer, of Manistee,
Michigan, short of stores— some of
them with scarcely any sealed stores.
He did not have the money with which
fo" buy sugar until he had sold some of

his honey, consequently the bees went
into the cellar very deficient in stores.
In December he had the money to buy
sugar and began feeding the bees a
syrup made as follows: The kettle
was filled nearly full of granulated
sugar, a mark made on the side of the
kettle showing the height to which it
was filled, then boiling water was
poured in until it reached this mark.
In other words, the water simply filled
the spaces between the grains of sugar.
The kettle was set upon the stove and
the syrup stirred until the sugar had
all dissolved. This syrup was fed
warm in what has been called the
pepper box feeder. Mr. Harmer made
them from pint. Mason jars, by remov-
ing the porcelain from the covers and
perforating the covers with a small
punch. If a colony was at all weak, a
hole was cut in the cover, over which
the jar of syrup was inverted. With
strong colonies, the covers were simply
removed and the jars of syrup inverted
upon the tops of the brood frames, a
little rim of tin being used to hold up
the can so that the bees could gain
access to the syrup. After the upper
tiers of colonies had been fed, they
were placed somewhere else, and the
bees fed in the next tier; in fact, the
bees were fussed with, fed, and the
hives piled over and over, until one
would naturally think that the life
would have been worried out of them,
but it was not, as they came through
in fine condition, with no trace what-
ever of disease. The cellar was dug
in dry sand, the temperature kept not
far from 40 degrees, and the covers
slid forward on the hives so as to leave
a crack of an inch at the back end for
ventilation of the hive.

Mr. Harmer does not recommend this
method of management; he would pre-
fer to feed in the fall before putting the
bees into the cellar, but what he has
done shows what rati be done should
occasion require. It also shows that,
with the proper food, disturbance

336

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

seems to have no deleterious effect upon
bees in a warm cellar.

Program for the National Convention.

The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its annual convention
Dec. 19th, 20th and 21st in Brunt Hall,
in the Bush Temple of Music, corner
of Clark St., and Chicago Ave., en-
trance on Clark St. , Chicago, Ills. This
hall is only five minutes walk north, on
Clark St., from the Revere House, cor-
ner of Clark and Michigan Sts., which
will be headquarters for the members
of the convention. Rates at the hotel
are 75 cts for a room alone, or 50 cts
each, where two occupy the same room.
Meals are extra, or they may be secured
at nearby restaurants. The program
is as follows: —

FIRST DAY.

Evening Session — 7:30 p. m.

Wax-Rendering Methods and Their

Faults

O. L. Hershiser, Buffalo, N. Y.

Can the Tariff on Comb Honey
be Tinkered to the Advantage

of the U. S. Bee-Keeper ?

Hildreth & Segelken, New York

SECOND DAY.

Morning Session — 9:30 a. m.

How Many Bees Shall a Man Keep ?

E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich.

Short Cuts in Bee-Keeping

M. A. Gill, Longmont, Colo.

Producing Both Comb and Ex-
tracted Honey on the Same
Colony

Jas. A. Green, Grand Junction, Colo.

Question Box

Afternoon Session — 2:00 p. m.

The Control of Increase

L. Stachelhausen, Converse, Texas.

Migratory Bee-Keeping

R. F. Holtermann, Brantford, Canada.
The Dietic and Hygenic Value of

Honey,

Dr. Eaton, Chicago, Ills.
Question Box

Evening Session — 7:30 p. m.

Contagious Diseases Among Bees

and How to Distinguish Them

Dr. Wm. R. Howard, Ft. Worth, Texas

Experimental Apiculture

Dr. E. F. Philips, Washington, D. C.

THIRD DAY.

Morning Session — 9:30 a. m.

The Honey Producers' League —

Can it Help Bee-Keepers ?

R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.
The Business End of Bee-Keeping.
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Making Honey Vinegar

H. M. Arnd, Chicago, 111.
Question Box

Afternoon Session — 2:00 p. m.

In What Way Can Bee-Keepers
Secure Their Supplies at

Lower Prices ?

W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis.
How the Producer and Dealer
May Advance Their Mutual

Interests

Fred. W. Muth, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Question Box

Evening Session — 7:30 p. m.

What Have we to Hope for from

the Non-Swarming Hive ?

L. A. A^pinwall, Jackson, Mich.

Poultry Keeping for the Bee-Keeper. . .

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Secretary.

Getting Rid of Black Brood.
Mr. E. W. Alexander, of Delanson,
New York, tells in Gleanings how he
has successfully rid his apiary of that
terrible scourge, black brood, without
the loss of a single comb. The plan is
very simple, and easy of application.
It consists simply of removing the
queen, then, in nine days removing
every queen cell, or virgin queens, if
hatched, a virgin Italian queen, or
queen cell being given on the twentieth
day after the queen was removed. The
theory is that during the period when
the bees are without brood, but have a
young queen, they thoroughly clean
out, polish and repolish the cells in ex-
pectation of the time when the queen
will begin to lay. It has long been
known that Italian bees were able, for
some reason, to more successfully com-
bat with black brood. In the lights "M
Mr. Alexander's experience, the edito.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

337

of Gleaning-s sujarg-ests that it may be
on account of their more thoroug-h
house cleaning. Let the cause be what
it may, it is well known in New York
that he first step in getting rid of
black brood is the introduction of
Italian blood.

It is also well-known that bees clean
out and polish the cells in which the
queen is to lay, and this period of
queenlessnesi may induce the bees to
do a more thorough job, and in a com-
plete and wholesale manner. If the
germs of the disease are still left in the
honey, it would seem that tl.e disease
would again break out as soon as any
of the old, infected hone\' was fed to
the larvae. Mr. Alexander says, how-
ever, that he has been testing this
treatment for three years, on hundreds
of colonies.

It might be asked why the period of
broodlessness between the end of the
breeding season in the fall, and its be-
ginning in the spring-, might not brings
about a cure in the same manner as the
removal of the queen in the height of
the season. The theory is that the
bees in the fall do not polish up the
cells as they do in the bi-eeding- season.
The combs are left smeared with the
dead brood, and the stuff dries on
hard.

Gleanings brings up the question as
to whether foul brood might not be suc-
cessfully treated in the same manner.
Mr. Alexander is somewhat doubtful;
as the dead matter in foul brood forms
a more tenacious g-lue than is formed
by black brood. In this connection it
may be interesting to know that Mr.
Simmins of England, author of the
book entitled "A Modern Bee Farm,"
asserts that fou brood may be cured
in exactly the same manner as that fol-
lowed by Mr. Alexander in treating-
black brood. His theory, however, is
that the spores are bound to germinate
in the hive, and, if they g-erminate
where there is no soil to support them
(no brood) their existence is soon term.

inated. (See page 54 of Review for last
February.)

I can only say, as I have said so
often when something seemed unreason-
able, _vet promised great things, with-
hold judgment. Don't pooh, pooh it,
and condemn it untried, and don't take
it for granted that it will work all
right with you because it has with some
one else in some other locality and
under other conditions. This method
has been given quite an extensive trial
by a man in whom I have great confi-
dence, so I say try it, both for black
and foul brood, although I must con-
fess that I have very little, if any hopes,
for the latter.

The Control of Increase.
A very few of us can remember when
the control of increase was almost un-
known, and seldom practiced. A colony
swarmed when it got ready, and there
was no attempt to foretell, forstall or
prevent the act. It was necessary to
watch the bees almost constantly dur-
ing the swarming-season; and when a
swarm issued it was hived upon a new
stand, and, in due time, the parent
colony sent out one, two, or three after-
swarms. With the advent of movable
combs came artificial swarming, but
this was olten so poorlj' managed that
after we had had our turn at it the
bees took theirs. Queen traps, the
clipping of queens' wings, non-swarm-
ing hives, queen cell detectors, shook-
swarming, the removing of queens, the
prevention of after-swarming, etc., were
all unknown. The management of an
out-apiar3' without some one in con-
stant attendance would have been im-
possible. Gradually we learned to
control after-svvarming, or eliminate it
entirely if so desired. We could open
the hive and cut out all the queen cells
except one; or we could hive the swarm
upon the old stand, brush the bees
from the combs into the hive contain-
ing the swarm and divide up the brood
among weak colonies; or those that we

338

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE"W

were building- up from nuclei into full
colonies; or we could hive the swarm
upon the old stand and set the old
colony by the side of the newly hived
swarm for one week, then move it to a
new location, when all of the flying-
bees, or those that had flown and
marked the old location, would return
and join the swarm, thus weakening-
the old colony to such an extent, just
as the young- queens were hatching,
that all thoughts of further swarming
were abandoned. Sometimes, instead
of g-iving the old colony a permanent
new stand, it was simply shifted to
the opposite side of the newly hived
swarm, then, in a week or so, returned
to its former location, this shifting
process being continued until the old
hive was practically drained of its
bees, and the combs left free from
brood. Again, the old hive was placed
upon the top of the new one, its en-
trance closed, and a spout or channel
of lath extended from its entrance
down to the entrance to the lower hive.
The bees could leave their hives only
by means of this channel, and, upon
their return, instead of seeking the en-
trance to the channel, from which they
had issued, they joined the forces in
the lower hive. In this manner the old
hive was gradually drained of its bees
as they hatched and became old enough
to fly. Sometimes the old hive is set
on top of the new, with a queen ex-
cluder between them, and the young
bees, as they hatch, are able to join
the throng below. With this latter
plan the bees are given an opportunity
to fill the combs in the upper hive with
honey, as the young bees hatch out.

It will be seen that, even though
natural swarming is allowed, it is an
easy matter to prevent after-swarming
in an apiary having constant attend-
ance. To prevent the issuing of first
swarms is a more diflicult proceeding,
but it can be done. In some parts of
the country, notably in the South and
West, there is practically no swarm-

ing after the beginning of the main
honey flow; and this is the case, to a
large extent, in all parts of the country.
A light flow is conducive to swarming,
but, with the advent of a heavy flow,
the bees seem so carried away as to for-
get swarming. If swarming can be
discouraged until the main flow, all
goes well in some localities. The tak-
ing away of more or less brood will
usually accomplish the desired result.
This is about the only reason that
justifies the taking of brood from
strong colonies and giving it to the
weak. If there are no weak colonies,
and it is desired to make a little in-
crease, and thereby prevent sv arming,
it can often be accomplished by taking
two combs of sealed brood from each
strong colony, shaking oft" the bees, fill-
ing hives with these combs of brood,
setting each hive over a populous
colony, with a queen excluder between
the added hive of combs and the colony
below, and allowing the hive to remain
a few hours until the young bees have
come up and occupied the combs, when
the upper stories of brood and young
bees may be placed upon new stands,
and each given a laying queen, or, if
this isn't possible, a queen cell. The
places in the old colonies left vacant
by the removal of combs of brood must
be filled with sheets of foundation.
This removal of brood will retard
swarming, and may tide over the
swarming until the advent of the main
honey flow puts upon it a still further
check. By the way, the plan just
mentioned is an excellent one at any
time for the making of increase, and
does away with all hunting for queens.
The making of a moderate increase,
in the right manner, in the early part
of the season, will often practically
prevent swarming. There are several
methods. What is called the Doolittle
plan is a very good one. This con-
sists of making one new colony from
two old ones, and is managed as fol-
lows: Shake all the bees and the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

339

queen off the combs of the colony, let-
ting- them run into a new hive with
either starters or full sheets of founda-
tion in the frames. Move another
stronj,^ colony to anew stand, and place
the hive of beeless brood upon the
stand of the removed colony. The col-
ony thus formed, is of course, furnislied
with a queen or queen cell.

As a rule, there is less swarming-
from large hives. If to this we add
the production of extracted honey,
which allows the g-iving- of abundance
of drawn combs, there will not, as a
rule, be very much swarming-. Mr. E.
D. Tovvnsend, by the use of ten-frame
Langstroth hives, putting- on two upper
stories of combs at the beginning of
the main flow, and not using an3' queen
excluder, was able to manag-e an
apiary with only four visits a year—
once to unpack the bees in the spring,
once to put on the upper stories of
combs, once to extract, and again to
pacli up the bees for winter. There
was an occasional swarm, but not
enough of them to warrant the expense
of constant attendance.

Of course, it is possible to prevent
swarming, both by dividing the colon-
ies, either permanently or temporarily,
or by removing the queens. If the bee-
keeper wishes, he can examine each
colony as often as once a week. When
he finds a colonj^ starting queen cells,
there are two courses open; that of
dividing- the colony, or destroying the
queen cells that have been started,
and removing, or caging, the queen.
If the queen is removed, a comb of
brood and bees is taken with her, and
all kept in another hive until it is time
to return the queen. Eight or nine
days later, the queen cells should be
again broken out in the old colony,
leaving the colony hopelessly queen-
less. A week later, the old queen can
be returned. Another plan is that of
removing the old queen, killing her if
there is no other use for her, allowing
a batch of queen cells to nearly mature,

then removing all of them except one,
which is allowed to hatch, and the
queen to become the head of the colony.
While this plan of removing the queens
during the swarming season is very
effectual, it has not, for some reason,
ever become popular— perhaps it is be-
cause of the work that it entails. The
other plan, that of dividing a colony
showing signs of swarming, has
sprung very rapidly into quite general

use; "shook-swarming" being the usual
method of division. In making a
"shook-swarm," the bees are dis-
turbed, the hive drummed upon, or
something of this sort, and thus they
are induced to fill themselves with
honey. This filling of their sacs seems
to be a very important part of the pro-
gram. The queen and most of the bees
are then shaken or brushed into a new
hive set upon the old stand, the frames
being furnished with either starters or
full sheets of foundation, and the
supers, if any there are, being trans-
ferred to the new hive; and the old hive
placed upon a new stand. Sometimes
the bees from two colonies are shaken
together into one hive, thus making a
very strong swarm. The old colony is
placed by the side of the new one, or
upon top of it, and the bees, as they
hatch and fly, are gradually enticed
into the new hive, as was explained
when describing natural swarming
methods. This method not only pre-
vents swarming, but increase, as well.
It results in the building of an extra
set of brood combs, but I think they
are built at a profit.

Then there is the plan of making a
temporary division of a colony, leaving
a comb of brood and some frames with
starters on the old stand, with the
supers over them, and setting the old
hive aside for a few days, (from four to
six) until the bees have destroyed the
queen cells that have been started,
when the two portions are again united
upon the old stand. This plan has
been called the Sibbald plan. It has

340

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

not been used very extensively, and has
been quite severely criticised, but there
have been some very satisfactory re-
ports from the use of this plan.

Of course, colonies can be divided
just the same if they are not making
preparations for swarming-, hut, as a
rule, the bee-keeper would rather not
disturb a colony that is working well,
and will not swarm, hence, the general
practice is to examine colonies once a
week, and manipulate those that are
starting queen cells. Theexamination
of colonies to see if they are building
cells is really the great objection to
this system of controlling increase, but
there are methods whereby even this
ditticulty may be greatly lessened.
For instance, Mr. F. H. Cy renins of
New York, has a simple clamp by
means of which the supers may be very
quickly and securely fastened to the
hive so that it may be tipped over back-
wards, and the lower parts of the
brood combs examined for queen cells.
Mr. K. F. Holtermann of Ontario also
has a cell detector, a hole in the back
of the hive whereby a view may be
gained of the edge of a comb in the
center of the brood nest— a most entic-
ing place for the building of queen cells

when all of the combs are smooth and
perfect. Another prominent Canadian
bee-keeper has an arrangement where-
by the supers and upper section of a
Heddon hive can be tipped back, ex-
posing that portion of the brood nest
(the space between the two sets of
combs) where the queen cells are nearly
always built. This man manages sev-
eral apiaries, and he told me recently
that this device, that allows of this
quick, easy examination of the brood
nests, saves him one man's wages dur-
the swarming season.

The tendency of the times is towards
specialty, towards the keeping of more
bees and the establishing of out-apia-
ries. With this system of management,
the prevention or control of increase is
the leading feature of the problem. Of
course, it has been managed, and can
be managed, but the question that the
Review now proposes to discuss, from
the ground up, is, how can it be man-
aged to the best advantage f In this
editorial I have gone briefly over the
leading features of the different
methods, and now I wish for a most
thorough discussion, and am ready to
pay liberally for articles on the
subject.

BEE-KEEPING AS A SPECIALTY.

Some Reasons Why it May be Followed
to Advantage.

After years of pleading for specialty
there is no little gratification to occa-
sionally see some of the leaders falling
into line, as does Grant Stanley in
the American Bee Journal, where he
sa3's: —

There has never been a time in the
history of this country in which the
service of the specialist was in such

great demand as it is at the present
time. We see it on every hand; the cry
goes out all over the land for special-
ists; it goes out from all manufactur-
ing establishments, it goes out from
railroad companies, for men speciallj'
fitted for various lines of work; it goes
out from ever^' branch of the Depart-
ment of Ag-riculture, at Washington; it
even goes out from patients seeking
treatment for various diseases. The
cry today is for the specialist. We
fairlj^ seem to be passing through a
reconstruction period. The reason for
all this is not far to seek; surrounding
conditions have become remarkably
changed, and along with it various
questions of a complicated nature, as

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

341

well as of extreme importance, have
presented themselves; questions of such
a nature that onl_y the specialist, or
one who has been specially trained,
can bring- the result of his efforts into
practical use — men of ordinar}' intelli-
f,^ence and ability will not do.

That bee- keeping- has received a
wonderful impetus within the last year
or two there can be little doubt. This
too long- neg-ltcted pursuit is at this
time receiving: special attention. The
Department of Agriculture, at Wash-
ington, has been awakened to its possi-
bilities, the various State experiment
stations are offering- short courses in
bee-culture, and some have even ar-
rang-ed correspondence courses for those
unable to attend the school. There is
certainly plenty of room for specialists
in the bee-keeping ranks, and, as in
any business, their efforts, properly di-
rected, will result in g-reat benefit to
himself as well as toothers; in fact, no
well directed effort is spent in vain.
The bee-keeper who will specialize
will soon ffnd that his word has be-
come authority, and, furthermore, his
service will quite likely be in demand.
The bee-keeper vvho vyill specialize
will have studied the various bee
diseases, and will be in position to
eradicate any disease the minute it be-
comes manifest in his apiary; yes, he
will quite likely g-o a step further, and
apply such preventive measures that
his bees will not become diseased; he
will have mastered the question of dis-
posing of his honey crop at the hig^hest
possible price obtainable; in fact, he
will so direct his efforts that his pro-
duct will be in demand; he will be
able to reduce winter losses to a mini-
mum, as a result of his thoroughly
studying- the essential features of suc-
cessful wintering; the blooming of all
nectar producing plants will receive
like consideration, in fact, the whole
subject will be held up and studied on
every side. It is the men who have be-
come thoroug-hly acquainted with the
elements underlying- success at every
point, to whom we must look to carry
this work forward.

There are too many people who look
in bee-culture as a business of little
importance; in fact, enough would
laugh at the idea of making bee-keep-
ing- a specialty. Others have not suffi-
cient confidence in themselves to "keep
all eg-gs in one basket," but is it not
true that the men making a specialty
of their business are the most success-
ful ? Is it not true that with a com-

bination of pursuits a man must direct
his thought and energ-y in several
places at the same time, not being- able
to bring the best out of any of them,
while in making a specialty of one
pursuit his whole thought and effort is
centered t) one point? And is it not
true tiiat only in this manner will the
hig-iiest success be achieved ?

Let us rememb-r that what is worth
doing at all is worth doings well; it is
worthy our best eft'orts, and I assure
you that if proper remedies are applied
bee-culture will be brought to a very
high degree in the near future.

THE SWARMING OF BEES.

The Causes and Some of the Methods
Whereby it May be Prevented.

The tendency of the times is towards
specialty, towards the establishing of
out-apiaries, and the keeping of more
bees. The one great obstacle to suc-
cess is the inability to properly control
increase, and the Review has set itself
the task of removing- this obstacle, or
lessening it to the greatest possible
extent. It is none too soon to beg-in
the discussion of the question, in order
to help beekeepers in this direction
another season, and it is doubtful if
the discussion can be started more
satisfactorily' than by copying from
the Western Bee Journal an exhaustive
article by that past master on this sub-
ject, Mr. Stachelhausen of Texas. It
is a long article, I think the longest
the Review has ever copied, but it is
well worth the space it occupies.

In the Western Bee Journal for May
I find some interesting articles written
by Mr. Adrian Getaz, one of them on
the prevention of swarming. About
the cause of swarming Mr. Getaz says:

"Before treating- a patient the doctor
must ki-iow what ails him, and before
treating our swarming bees we must
know the cause of their swarming."
Reading thus far, I expected Mr.
Getaz would explain these causes, as
he is one of the scientists in our bee-
keeping fraternity, but this expectation
was destroyed when I read the follow-
ing sentence: "Or, if not actual causes

342

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

themselves, at least the conditions
under which it occurs, and remove
these conditions.'' In fact, in the fol-
lowing lines nothing- more is said
about the actual causes of swarming-,
but some conditions are explained
under which swarming- can be ex-
pected.

Do we, in fact, kno7V anything about
these actual causes of swarming? I
will explain in this article that we are
not entirely in the dark in this respect;
but some knowledge of the physiology
of the bees is necessary; especially in
regard to nourishment, if we are to
understand the condition under which
the different impulses of bees will
appear.

THIC PREPARATION OF LARVAIC FOOD

AND HOW IT INFLUENCES

SWARMING.

For nourishment the bees have pollen
and honey onl}', and prepare from
these all the different foods for queen,
drones and workers, and for the differ-
ent larvae. The process of digestion
in the body of a worker bee is very
much simplified compared with the
same process in higher animals. It
goes on in the following way: If pol-
len is chewed by the bee it is mixed
with saliva, and the same takes place
if nectar is sucked through the so-
called tongue. This saliva is import-
ant for digestion, then the food is
swallowed into the true or chyle
stomach, where it is fully digested.
The partially digested food we call
chyme; the fullj' digested food is called
chyle; both we can find in the true
stomach at different times and stages
of digestion. If ch3'le remains in the
true stomach for some time it passes
through the wall of this stomach and is
mixed with the blood, is, in fact, iden-
tical with blood. The process of di-
gestion, as it is here explained, is ac-
cepted by all scientists.

Now, by the help of that wonderful
organ called the stomach-mouth the con-
tents of the true stomach can be re-
gurgitated, and can be used as food
for other parts of the bee family.
Queen-larvae receive fully digested
chyle in large quantities till the cell
is capped by the bees. To the queen
herself the same chyle is fed, because
she can't eat pollen, but she helps her-
self to hone}'. To worker and drone-
larvae chv'le is fed the first three days
of their larval state, and after this
ch^'me is mixed in larger quantities.

and, from the fifth day, till the larvae
are capped, honey and pollen are fed
to them. That the royal-jelly and the
larval food are fully digested chyle,
and regurgitated from the true stomach
is a discover}' of Pastor Schonfeld. It
is accepted by T. W. Cowan of Eng-
land (The Honey Bee, page 120) and by
Prof. A. J. Cook (Manual of the Apiary,
page 141), while Cheshire in his book
explains the older theory, that this
larval food is a secretion of glands.
It would take too much space here to
explain why this gland theory is un-
true and impossible.

Now, we will consider the cause of
swarming. That bees are caused to
swarm by their instinct or impulses,
and not by some kind of reasoning, I
do not think it necessary to explain to
the reader; and the same is true with
all other actions of the bees. The
question is: by what conditions and in
what way are induced these different
impulses ? In a given colon}' of bees
we can observe that with the advance
of the season different impulses will
appear in a certain order- During the
winter bees are in a semi-dormant
state; at least in colder climates.
Witli warm weather, especially after
the first flight, the impulse for breed-
ing will appear. Here in tlie South
this is in close connection with the first
gathered pollen. The bees, becoming
more active, eat yioUen, digest it to
chyle, which is fed to the queen, stimu-
lating her ovaries to activity, and eggs
are laid, and when the young larvae
appear chyle is again fed to them.

We may suppose that one worker
bee can prepare enough chyle to feed
10 worker larvae. We know that feed-
ing larvae is the first duty of a young
bee. When the young bees begin
gnawing out of the cells there will soon
be enough young bees in the hive to
feed ten times as many larvae as it
was possible during the first breeding
period of 21 days. In the third period,
100 times as many can and will be fed.
If the colony is strong, and has a pro-
lific queen in early spring, and, con-
sequently, starts a large patch of
brood, there will soon be a condition in
which the young bees will prepare
more chyle than can be consumed by
the larvae. The consequence is that
this chyle cannot be regurgitated at
once. It will remain in the stomach
for some time, and a large part of it
will go into the blood in the body of
the bee and will enrich it, or cause a
kind of extension of the blood.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

343

According- to Gerstung-'s theory this
gradually increasing- extension of the
blood is the actual physiological cause
of different impulses. At first the sur-
plus of blood acts upon the wax glands;
wax is secreted and combs are built
if possible. But ht^reby no albumen is
consumed, the blood will get richer on
nitrogen, and the impulse to build
drone combs and raise drones is
incited; and if the blood is still more
extended quoen cells are started. As
chyle is teed to the queen by the young-
worker bees, and as this chyle has the
same chemical composition as the
blood of the worker bees, the queen is
governed by the same impulses as the
worker bees and will lay eg-gs in drone
and queen cells. If queen cells are
started and larvae raised in them a
swarm will follow by necessity.

This is, briefly, the theory of swarm-

Bow SWARMING MAY BK PKICVKNTKD.

If this theory is correct, it will be
plain that we can prevent swarming
for some time, at least if we satisfy
as much as possible the lower im-
pulses; because we prevent the ex-
tension of the blood and thereby the
appearance of higher impulses. The
first requirement is to give a large
brood-nest: a large hive filled with
empty combs. The queen can lay more
eggs than in a small'hive. But this is
not sufficient. The brood-nest of a
normal colony will always show a cer-
tain order. The queen is laying eggs
in a circle, or rather in the form of
shells like the skin around an onion.
The brood of the same age will always
be close together. If we destroy this
order, the queen can't lay as' many
eggs. She may find capped brood
where she expects empty cells. If the
bee-keeper, for instance, places an
empty comb between two frames of
capped brood, he will very probably
observe that these combs will remain
empty for some time, till the young
bees in the neighboring combs hatch
out of the cells. Such empty combs
should be given just where the queen
IS laying eggs in the center of the
combs, or outside of the brood-nest
between the last brood comb and the
pollen comb. If this is not observed,
the spreading of the brood will do more
damage than good. Anotherhindrance
in egg-laying is frames very shallow
or very narrow. As the queen soon
arrives at these ends of the combs, her

circle of egg-laying is broken, and she
has to hunt for another patch of empty
cells. Thus, not only is a large brood'-
nest required, but it should also con-
tain large combs; a hive with many
small combs will contain less brood
than one of fewer and larger combs,
both having the same comb surface.

The queens, too, are very diflerent
in prolificness. Some may lay 3000,
even 4000, eggs daily, others only 2000
at the most. Some colonies are strong,
and may start with a few cells of
brood. All these differences have some
influences on the time when the swarm-
ing impulse will appear, and this in-
fluence is quite in accordance with our
theory.

If the secretion of wax and comb
building have commenced, we can
delay swarming by satisfying this
impulse. On this principle is based
the "Simmins non-swarming system."
Simmins induces the bees to build
combs between the brood-nest and the
alighting-hole, and repeatedly cuts
away these combs. Under certain cir-
cumstances, swarming can be prevent-
ed in this vvay.

If we take from a colony some capped
brood, and give, in its place, combs
with eggs and young larvae, we can
prevent swarming for several days, be-
cause we diminish the number of bees
which will soon prepare chyle, and we
enlarge the number oi consimiers of this
chyle. To the contrary, we can induce
a colony to swarm if we take away
open brood and give some capped
brood.

Another observation made by bee-
keepers, especially here in Texas, is
that during the main honey flow no
colony will swarm if this flow is very
good, and if the colony had no queen
cells when the flow commenced. In
some years, even drones are driven out
of the hive by some colonies during the
flow. Generally it is asserted that a
honey flow is favorable to swarming.
Here, the contrary is true. This fact
is not explained as yet, nevertheless,
the explanation is very simple. As a
rule, all worker bees eat pollen, if they
need nitrogenous food, but during ii
very rapid honey flow, if all hands are
at work, a new division of labor takes
place. Chyle is feed by the voung bees
to \\\Q field bees, and so all the surplus
of chyle is consumed; sometimes even
so much that the brood nest is conti act-
ed too much, and every empty cell filled
with honey. That during such honey
flows the field bees are in fact fed by

344

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

the young bees, can easily be observed
by any bee-keeper.

It is recommended by some to pre-
vent swarming- by placing the queen
with one or two brood combs in a new
hive on the old stand. On top of it is
placed a queen excluder, and over this
the hive with the other brood combs.
How can this way of prevention of
swarming be explained by Gerstung's
theory ? At first it must be considered
that the queen excluder is so much of a
hindrance for the bees that, to a certain
degree, the two paits divided by the
excluder feel themselves as two differ-
ent colonies, but not so much that the
bees above feel entirely qneenless, and
would start queen cells, but just
enough so that they nurse queen larvae,
if such are present. The bees above are
dissatisfied with the laying power of
the queen, and will start queen cups
and expect the queen to lay eggs in
them. Above the excluder we find all
the signs of the swarming impulse.
The bees below the excluder are in the
condition of a swarm; little brood
will be reared, or combs built. The
bees below will not swarm and the
bees above cannot. This is the reason
why we can raise queens in such
supers as well as from swarm cells, if
the colony is strong enough. Here is
another important fact; the young bees,
asloi:;g as they are nurse-bees, gener-
ally do not leave the place in the hive
where they have hatched from the cells:
another reason why the brood should
not be destroyed.

Mr. Getaz mentions the lack of venti-
lation as a condition which may induce
swarming. He says the real cause is
overheating. The brood itself, by con-
suming a large quantity of food, pro-
duces a considerable quantity of heat.
If the hive is exposed to the sun, and
has no good ventilation, the bees can
hardly keep the temperature low
enough to prevent the melting down of
the combs. They sometimes remove the
eggs from the cells. Young larvae may
die by overheating, and so a surplus of
chyle can be caused. Such a condi-
tion is very unsatisfactory to the bees,
and sometimes they move out of the
hive, as a swarm, without having
started queen cells.

If we work for comb honey, we can-
not give a surplus of empty cells. The
brood is crowded by the honey, which
the bees store in the brood-nest because
in the supers are no emyity cells,
simply foundation not drawn out as
yet, and so the condition is created by

which the swarming impulse will
appear. Here we need other ways to
prevent swarming.

If a colony shall store honey in sec-
tions, we need a small brood-nest, in
which, if possible, every cell is occu-
pied by brood; no empty cells should be
present, in which the bees can store
honey. Such a condition forces the
bees to work in the section supers, but,
at the same time, it is very favorable to
cause a surplus of chyle, as the queen
cannot lay to her full capacity, and,
so, the swarming impulse will appear.
These small brood chambers have
another disadvantage in the spring.
They are not favorable to brood-rear-
ing. To overcome this, spreading of
the brood is recommended, but, gener-
ally, more damage is done thereby
than good. A better way seems to me
to use a divisible brood chamber, large
enough for brooding, and when the
main honey flow commences, remove
one half of it to the top of the section
supers.

The practice of comb honey pro-
ducers generally, was to let those col-
onies with small brood chambers alone.
If they do not swarm, the bee-keeper
accepted the situation thankfully; if a
colony did swarm, this swarm was
hived'on starters, set on the old stand,
and the supers given to this swarm.
If Heddon's plan to prevent after-
swarms were used, and so much more
bees added to the swarm, such a colony
generally gathered as much honey as
another colony that did not swarm at
all. If we have out-apiaries for comb
honey this plan can't be used; for this
purpose we need a way to prevent
natural swarming entirely.

The best way to prevent swarming
is to prevent the start of the swarming
impulse. If this is not possible, the
next best thing is to satisfy this im-
pulse. We can do this in different
ways, as I will explain. The least
satisfactory way would be to prevent
swarming in a mechanical way, and at
the same time leaving the condition
which caused the swarming impulse.

For instance, we could prevent
swarming by a queen excluder or a
queen trap, but such a colony would
probably swarm out every day till the
old queen would be killed. Then a
young queen would lead out swarms
several times a day. During all this
time very little is done in the supers;
the bees are sulking; the whole state
of aff'airs is apparently very unsatis-
factory to the bees.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

345

OBJECTIONS TO CAGING OR RICMOVING
THK OURKN.

If wecag-e the queen, and release her
a certain time afterwards, we can
hardly expect a much better success.
Mr. Getaz recommends the following-
manipulation: The queen is caged a
little before swarming time, the queen
cells are destroyed, and the queen re-
leased a few days later, but not until
the colony has been at least a few days
without unsealed brood. I tried this
plan several times, and had no success.
Dr. Miller reports in his book, page
179, no case of success with this plan.
In otlier localities the plan may work
better. Mr. Getaz explains his success
in the following way: "During these
four days or more without unsealed
brood, the young bees having no brood
to feed, take to the field, and become
actually field bees, notwithstanding
their age, or rather youngness." I
am sure this idea is not based on facts.
It is proven by many experiments that
under no circumstances will a worker
bee fly out of the hive before she is
about 12 days old. If this were not so,
and a young bee could become a field
bee, if not enough brood is present, the
swarming- impulse would never appear
in any colony. If the plan succeeds,
the reason is, that, during that 10 or 12
days, while the queen is caged, a large
number of cells will get empty by the
hatching- of young bees. Now the
queen is released; if the bees have not
filled these cells with honey, and if the
queen is prolific, she can lay many
more eggs than she was laying 21 days
before. The nurse bees now have
enough larvae to feed, and no surplus
of chyle is produced, at least not
enough to arouse the swarming im-
pulse. Till all these cells are occupied
with brood, dangerof swanningf is past.
Another way is to remove the queen
entirely, and allow the colony to raise
a young one, at the proper time destroy-
ing the surplus queen-cells. By this
plan the colony is weakened consider-
ably, even more than with the caging
plan. It is said that a young queen,
if fertilized, will not swarm in the first
year of her life. Gravenhorst and Dr.
Miller say she will not swarm if reared
in the same colony, but, if in a colony
an old queen is exchanged for a young
one, such a queen may swarm. Baron
Berlepsch said that young queens of
the brown German race would never
swarm the first year, while with the
Italian race we can't depend on this
rule. Probably this difference in the

race, and the interruption of many
days in brood-rearing:, are the real
causes of these dift'erences.

The proper way to prevent swarm-
ing, when queen cells are already
started, is to satisfy the swarming im-
pulse by making them swarm artifi-
cially. This can be done indifferent
ways, if some increase is wanted. If
no increase is desired, one of the sim-
plest ways is that known as the "shook-
swarni system. " By manipulatincr the
old hive, the whole force of bees can be
thrown in the swarm on the old stand.
This method has generally given satis-
faction, but Mr. Getaz has the objection
"that a new brood nest has to be built,
and the work, honey and time spent
thus would be more profitable in the
super." This seems reasonable, but
just this building of a new brood nest
consumes the surplus chyle and cures
the swarming impulse. If this surplus
chyle IS not removed, the bees do more
or less building. The plan has another
advantage: As there are no empty
cells in the brood nest, the gathered
honey must be stored in the super, and
there is done the most comb building;
in fact, in the brood nest no more cells'
are built than are necessary for the
queen to lay eggs. According to my
experience, this building of a brood
nest is clear gain. This shook-swarm
plan has another important advantage.
During spring we can use large brood
chambers, in which the colonies build
up much better without any spreadino-
of the brood and other manipulations'^
When the honey flow commences the
bees are forced into the supers by mak-
ing the artificial swarm and using a
contracted brood nest.

Even this building of a new brood
nest can be avoided in such localities,
where a less radical management is
sufficient to prevent swarming. For
15 years, I have known of tw'^o such
ways.

1. The old colony is removed from
its stand and a new hive containing
some empty combs and some starters
is set in its place. From the old col-
ony we take a brood comb with one or
more queen cells, and set it between
two empty combs in the new hive. By
brushing or shaking-, more bees from
the old hive are added to this swarm,
being careful not to get the queen in
with the bees. (It will be best to cao-e
the old queen during the operation).
The section supers are given to the old
stand, and the parent colony having
the old queen is set to one side, or on

346

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

top of the swarm. By this manipula-
tion the parent colony is weakened so
much that the bees will destroy all
queen cells. This generally takes
place in less than 6 days, when both
colonies can be reunited. The queens
cells on this one frame of brood in the
swarm are destroyed, the brood comb
set back in its place in the parent
colony, the new hive removed and the
parent colony set back on the old
stand.

2. A brushed swarm is made on the
old stand with the old queen, and the
parent colony with queen cells is set to
one side or on top of llvis swarm. Just
as with the shook swarm system. As
soon as a younj^ queen is hatched, and
has destroyed the other cells, we can
reunite. If the old queen is to be kept,
we do not need to hunt for the j'oung-
queen in the parent colony. At even-
inif, before <he bees cease to lly, we
exchanife the places of the two colonies
for about an hour, so that many field
bees from the sv^-arm will enter the
parent colony; then the hives chans,'-e
places ag-ain. These field bees are
used to an old queen, and will, during
the night, kill the young queen. The
next morning the hive can be re-
arranged and the colonies united. The
best way would be to wait till the
young queen is fertilized, then the old
queen can be removed and both colon-
ies united.

In this way no new brood nest is
built, and the colony is divided during
a few days only, the swarming im-
pulse is removed, as the bees them-
selves have destroyed the queen-cells;
but in some localities such colonies
may make preparations for swarming
again soon after this manipulation.

"since some years I produce mostly
bulk comb honey, which finds a good
market here, and pays better than
section honey. I prevent swarming in
the same way as described for ex-
tracted honey. When the supers are
given they contain 3 or 4 drawn combs,
the balance full sheets of foundation
for comb-honey. The supers are ac-
cepted by the bees nearly as well as
if they were full of drawn combs.
I can't see any reason why this
plan, with a proper arrangement,
could not be used for section honey.
Of course, a part of the honey could be
in the extracted form. For bulk comb
honey we need this to fill up the cans,
but, if, in place of the frames with
foundation, some sections were given,
this extracted honey must be sold

separately at a lower price. Experi-
ence would teach whether this plan
would pa3' or not. When the storing
of honey is well under waj' in the
supers, I generally set a super under
those already on the hive and many
times in this case I use no drawn
combs at all, but frames with founda-
tion onl}'.

Lately, this plan of producing sec-
tion honey and extracted honey from
one and the same colony is recom-
mended in the bee journals as some-
thing new.

Another wa}^ to manage for comb
honey in sections, which will work in
some localities, is to use a large but
divisible brood chamber; and to prevent
swarming as with extracted honey.
When the honey-fiow commences, a
super with sections is set between the
two stories of the brood-chamber.
The queen and the most of the brood
should be in the lower storj'. If neces-
sary, a queen-excluder can be used be-
tween this lower brood-nest and the
supers. The upper brood-story is kept
on the hive till the brood is hatched
and the combs are filled with hone.y,
then these combs can be extracted or
used for winter food in the same or
another hive.

I have three boys man-grown, and,
for that reason, I wish to sell my farm
and go into Northern Michigan wiiere
wild land is cheap, that we may all
secure farms near together. The farm
that I wish to sell is located eight miles
east of Vassar, Tuscola Count3\ Mich-
igan. It consists of 40 acres, .30 of
which are cleared. It is well-fenced
and well-drained. There is a small
orchard, stables for the horses and
cows, and a small story and a half
house. The soil is a dark sandy loam,
and can't be beaten for raising potatoes,
corn, hay, buckwheat,, etc. There is
rural mail delivery, school '4 of a mile
distant, and railroad station only two
miles away. The location is a good
one for honey. From twenty colonies,
last year, I secured 120 pounds of ex-
tracted honey per colony. I offer this
farm for only $600; two thirds down,
and bal. on long time if desired. For
further particulars address,

ELMER HUTCHINSON,

Vassar, Mich.
Reference, Editor of Keview.

1

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

347

HO^EY .TARS

The No. 25 Honey Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal Screw Cap, abso-
Ij hitely tight, holdinii:- one pound of Honey, in sliipping- cases of one
"* ■ Gross each.

1 gross lots
5 gross lots

$4.50 per gross
$4.00 per gross

Also in stroiJg"

RE-Sf TIPPING CASES

of two dozen each, with heavy corrug-ated partitions, sides, and bot-
tom— a perfect protection.

1 case lots

5 case lots

1 0 case lots

$ 1 .00 per case
.95 per case
.90 per case

F. O. B. New York -Prompt shipment on receipt of order.

TUJSIIJI^ERS

Eiyht ounce Tumblers, tin caps, tliree dozen in re-sliipping case.

5 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .85 cts,
10 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .80 cts.
20 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .75 cts.

HILDKETH A:; SEGElEKEJNr

265- 67 Creemvicli St.

And82S4 Murray St. Nkw YokK, N. Y

m

ass

Money Saved is Money Made.

Bee supplies bought now are subject to a generous
discount from our regular low prices. We do this to
keep our factory bussy. Send us a list of what you
need; we will make you a price by return mail that
will convince you.

If you want a catalogue that is more than a price
list — that contains valuable information on bee-keep-
ing you must hurry to have yonr name placed on our
mailing list. Only a limited number will be printed.
It's free, of course.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn.

site

m

sate
sx«
si'te
5ite
site
sx«

,S2«

348

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

is not only

The Leading Journal of Agriculture

and positively

The ONLY Agricultural NEWSpaper

but also

The one weekly devoted to country life which no farmer,

bee=keeper, or other rural resident can

afford to be without.

Every department edited by a specialist recognized
as a leading authority in his line.

Best Reviews of the Crops.
Best Accounts of Meetinefs.

Best Market Reports,
Best P^verythino-.

SINGLE SUBSCRIPTION, $1.50.

BUT VERY LIBERAL TERMS ARE OFFERED
CLUB-RAISERS— WRITE FOR THEM.

SAMPLE COPIES FREE.

It will pa3^ anyone interested in countrj' life to

WRITE FOR THEM

Address the Publishers

LUTHER TUCKER & SON, Albany, N. Y.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

349

WANTED

comb honey. State price
and quantitj .
C. H. W. WEBER, Cincinnati, Ohio.

HONEY WANTED-Slate kind and lowest

price. Address,

CH.AS. KOEPPE-M,

Fredericksburg, Va.

%Af<sr|4A#la I^'anov white comb honey in
"**""^*'" non-drip shipping cases also
white clover honey in cnns and Ijarrels Please
send samples and stale vonr k we,--t price deliver-
ed here. We rav sno"i onsh npon receipt ot
goods. GRIGGS BROS., Toledo, Ohio

LEARN TELEGRAPHY and R. R.

ACCOUNTING.

Sso to $ioo per month silary assured our gradu-
ates under bond. You don't pay us until you have
a position. Largest system of telegraph schools
in America. Endorsed by all railway officials.
Operators always in demand. Lac'ies also ad-
mitted. Write for catalogue.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY.

Cincinnati, O , Rnffalo, N. Y., Atlanta, Ga., La
Crosse, Wis., Texarkana, Tex., San Francisco,
Calif. 8-05-4t

Please mention the Reuieio.

HONEY QUEENS

LAWS' ITALIAN and HOLY LA.ND QUEENS.
Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with these I ain catering to a satisfie i trade.
Are you in it ? Or are you interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The following prices
areas low as con.sisient with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, $800; tested Ji.oo; ver
dozen, Sio. Breeders, the very best of either
race, $3 00 each.

W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex.

Pl^nse mention the Reuieu.

Bee Supplies.

Send for 40 PageCatalog-ue describinj,'-
Improved Hives. Supers and Every-
thing- needed in the Apiary.
Si'>ccial low prices on Brood Frames
and Shipping- Cases. Beeswax
wanted.

Best Goods at Lowest Prices

O. H. HYATT, Shenandoah, Iowa.
2 '05-tf

Please mention th^ Reuieui.

If You Want to Buy

a property or a
business of any
kind anywhere in
the United States
write me a post-
al card for my
Free Catalogue.

I have bargains every-
where and can save
you noney. Don't
wait. Write today.

A. P. Tone Wilson "^'^l estate

n. r. luiiv; ¥* iisuil, SPECIALIST

TOPEKA, KANSAS.

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping--
Cases, Berry Boxes and Crates for the
doming^ season. By sending a list of
goods wanted, we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.,
9-05-4t Sheboyg-an, Wis.

LOTS OF GOOD QUEENS.

Untested, Sl.OO each; six for S5.00, or S9.00 per
dozen. Tested, S1.50 each: select, S2.50. Bees for
sale in car lots for spring- delivery. Correspond-
ence solicited. Agrents for Dittmer's foundation

for this State. G.-t prices.

THE BEE and HONEY COMPANY,

WILL ATCHLKv, Mgfr. BEEVILLE, BEE CO., TEX.

LOW RATES TO COLORADO.

Via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Railway.
On a number of days this summer low
round-trip rates to California points
are offered via the Chicas-o, Milwaukee
& St. Paul Railway. Liberal return
limits and stop-over privileges. Two
throug-h trains every day from Union
Station, via Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul and Union Pacific Line. The
Overland Liinited leaves 6:05 p. in.,
and makes the run to San Francisco in
less than three days. The California
Express, at 10:25 p. m., carries through
tourist as well as standard sleeping
cars, and the berth rate for tourist
sleeper is only $7 Complete informa-
tion reg-arding rates, routes and train
service sent on request. Colorado-Cali-
fornia Book sent for six cents postag-e.
Folders free.

R. C. JONES

Michigan Passenger Agent

32 Campus Martins, Detroit, Mich.igan

350

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

■^ .'!5 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -^ ^ -^ •

Hi

Root's Goods 2vt

(1/

U/
\l/

id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
id/
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Root's Prices

POUDER'S Honey Jars and
everj'lhmg used by Bee-Keepers.

I^arge and complete stock on hand
at all times I,ow freieht rates.

Prompt Service. Catalog sent free.

Wzilt^r S. Pou«Jcr

5i3-5'5 Mass. Ave.
INDlANAPOIylS, IND.

Dittmei^'s
Foundation

Is the Best.

Now is the time to prepare for next
season,

If you want to Save Money

on Foundation, working wax for
cash, and on a full line of supplies.

Write for prices and discounts, and
sanaples of our Superior Foundation.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada, for Dittmer's

Foundation.

The Bee & Honey Co., Beeville, Tex.
Agents for Tex

Gus. Dittrner,

Aup-usta,

Wisconsin

■ of • i*^ • taf • taf • 0^ d^- ^- ^ x^- ^- ^ W/ *k

Send for

1905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis. Minn.
l-Oi-'t i.l-'-iju Ctilar L"!-'' R<ih<I

HOOT'S BEE^SUPPLiIES
HOOT'S PRICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY & DEUEL. Kendall, Mich

PAPER CUTTER

FOR SALE.

A man living near here, and having a small
jol) printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, and, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife for which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograph and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

3S1

% Prosperity, Happiness, Independence %

5" Are a!l Yours in 1^^

^ Michigan and its Famous Fruit Belt Region ^

^5 Now is Time [£

"^^ To come to Michigan and investifjate its cliniale and soil; irspect the abundant crops 2=»

3* of ftuil, grain and vegetables: and select a home in a State g^

ci^ where "failure" is unknown. jjC

^m Special Low Round Trip Rates ^

^Jj are now being offered to Home Seekers desiring to visit the following points in the i^

<^^ I^ower Peninsula of Michigan; 5^

Au Sable
Beaverton
Branch
Brethren

Cadillac
Gladwin
Kaleva
Lewiston

Oscoda
Manistee
Roscommon
St. Helens

Stratford
Twining
Walhalla
West Branch

~M Tickets on sale October 17 and 31, Nove:nber 7 and 21, and December 5, 1905.

3* I^iniited to Fifteen Days for return

^=^2 Apply to your local Ticket Agent for Ratf s and General Information

^ MICHIGAN COLONIZATION BUREAU,

3J Manistee, Michigan, J^

PAXEINX, BINOHAM SMOKEIRS. 24 )
( VEiARS the: BEIST. OATALOG FREIE. (
^ T. F. BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH.

Special Sale on
HIVES AND SECTIONS

Utitil March I5th. Eig-ht-frame, Dove-
tail Hives, 1% storj% $1.25; 10-frame,
$1.40; No. 1 bee-way sections, $8.90;
No. 2, $3.40; 24 lb." Sliipping--Cases,
13c; Foundation, Smokers, etc., cheap.
Michig^ant Ag^ent for Ditmer's new
process foundation, wholesale and
retail.

Send for 24-pag-e catalog^ue, free.

W. D. SOFER,

JACKSON, MICH.

F. R. D. 3

-If you are eroing tc —

BUY A BUZZ-SAVS^,

write to the editor of the Keview. Hh has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be gl»d to
make yon happy by telling you the price hi
w lich he would sol! it.

American

BEE

Journal

43Dtf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

All about Bees.

16-page Weekly.

Sample Free. |l

a year; 3 months'
Trial Trip, 2nc. silver or stamps.
Best writers. Oldest bee-paoer;
illustr^ated. Oept's for beginners
and tor women bee-keepers.

GEORGE W.YORK&CO.
334 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

352

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

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5-:^: S-:S;S- &5-:5: e-S-:?^ &S--S- &&&&$•:& t^:5; &$•:$•: tS^& &S-:S^ Si&:S: &S-:S-. SS;?- tf^&i fe^S-. S^

^-%

The beginning of the year is alwaj^s a bus}^ time
with publishers. Not one of them that would not give
quite a little if all renewals would come in before the
end of the year, then all changes could be made, and be
out of the way, and the attention turned to something
else. As an inducement to subscribers to renew before
the end of the year, I have decided to make a generous
clubbing offer with the Cosmopolitan magazine.

In my opinion, this magazine stands in the front
rank. It is not simply given to light fiction, but
contains many serious and really helpful articles. I have
read it for years, and, of the magazines, I think it is my
favorite. It has now been sold to the Hearst Organiza-
tion, and will be boomed as it never has been before. It
is expected that, within a year, it will outrank every
other magazine in this country. "The best, no matter
what it costs," is to be the motto of its editors; there-
fore, it is in the Cosmopolitan that you will find the
writers of world-wide reputation. Its fiction will be
masterpieces of pen-craft — its whole contents will set
the standard for magazine perfection. The price of the
Cosmopolitan is $1.00 a year, and the Review is $1.00,
but if you will renew your subscription to the Review
before tlie end of the year, I will send you the Cosmopoli-
tan for only 60 cts. That is, if you will send your
renewal to the Review before the end of the year, $1.60
will pay for the Review and the Cosmopolitan for one
year.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

3-3-9-3^'^ ^"99 '-$'"3-3 'S^'S '^^^'^^'^'^^'^ ^-3:-3 ^:'3:'3 ^-3^ ^:'3''3 ^^^ ^:'3'^ ^'3^^:'3^^^^i9^

Honey Quotations

'I he fol owing rules for grading honey were
adopted 1 y the North Aineiican B e-K.eepers'
Association, at the Washington meeling, an ', so
far as p'-ssible. quotations are Uiade according to
these rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well fillC''; combs
straivht. of even thickness, and tirniiy attachtd
loall foursld^s; both wood and conil> unsoilfd
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the ce Is sealed
except the row ol cells next the wood.

No. I.— Ml sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, det died at the bottom, or with
but few ce'ls un.sealed; both wood and comb un-
soilcd by travel stain or otherwi.se.

Ill addition to this the honey is to be c'assifitd
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That s, there will be "fancy white,''
"No. I, dark," etc.

HUFKAL,0 — Demand now i.-i quite good and
laiger .shipnieiils ciui be placed bt tier ilian any
lime this season. We quote as follows: Fancy
white, 13 to 14c: No. i white, 11 to 12c; fancy
amber, 10 lo 11c; No. i amber 9 to loc; fancy
dark 8 and 9; No. i dark, 8 to 9c. Beeswax 25
to 32c.

BATTERSON & CO.,
Nov. 6 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

KANSAS Crr^'— The honey market is firm,
stock scarce, and demand good at the following
prices: F'aii y while, I2'/2C to 13c; No. i while
1254c; No. I amber iic; fancy dark 10c; white, ex-
tracted 7c; amber, 6'4c;beeswax 25 to 28c.

WALKEK-BkiiWSTER GROCER ^ O.,
Oct. 10, 1905 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO— We quote as follows; Fancy white
iSc; No. I white, 13 to 14c; fancy amber, i ic to 12c;
N 1. 1 ambc-r, 10 to i ic; tancy dark, 9 to lor; white
extracted, 6^ to yj^c; amber, 6c to 6J4c; dark,
Si^c; beeswax, 30c.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Nov. 5, 1905. 199 So. Water St.

The prices given in the following quotations
are thos*- at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the ba ance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is tt n
per cent ; except that a lew d»^alers ch'irge only
five per cent when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

NEW YORK— New crop of comb honey is now
arriving in a small way and fancy s.ock finds
ready sale at 14 to 15c per lb., No. i, at 12c to 13c,
and amber at i ic. No buckwheat on the market
as yet. Extracted is in good demand, and we
quote California at 6 to y'j ptr lb., according to
quality. Southern at from 55 to 65c per gallon.
White clover at6i4c to 7c per lb. Beeswax, at 29c.
HII^DRETH & SEGELKEN,

82-86 Murray St,
Sept. 7, 1905. New York.

K \MS vS CITV— The market is good on comb
and white extracted is steady and we look for it
to remain so. Beeswax is of slow sale. We
quote as follows: Fancy white, per case $3 25;
No. 1 white, per case; $5.25: fancy amber, $3 oc;
No. I amber, $3 00; white extracted, 7c; amber 6
to 6'/2C- Beeswax, 25c.

C C. Ci,EMONS &CO,.
Nov. 9, 1905 Kansas City, Mo.

CINCINVATI— Reports from different i artscf
the country give evidence of an almost total
failure in the comb honey crop excepting some
points in the North. We are selling this
Northern comb honey, at from 14 to 16c per lb.
by the case.

The demand extracted honey is about equal to
(he receipts, which are good". We continue to
sell amber in barrels at i]>{ to 6c. White clover
at 6^2 10 7!4c For beeswax, we are paying 30c
per lb. cash, deliveied here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above quotations on honey. He must not
expect to receive these prices on his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Oct. 6, 05. 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio

CHICAGO— We are having an excellent call
for new comb honey. Frtst car of California
white comb in No i sections, arrived yesteidav,
containing 1760 crates. Sold about half the car
today at i3^2C to 14c. Wequotea- follows: Fancy
while, 14c; No. I white, 13c to 1^,14^ ; fancy amber
ii^ctc) i2^c; No. I amber, nc to 12c; white, ex-
tracted, 654 to 7c; amber, 534 to 6c.
S. T. KISrt &CO.,

189 South Water St.
Sept. 14, 1905. Chicago, 111

TOI<EDO— The maket on comb honey at ths
writing remains quite firm, with a good demand,
the leceipts are almost equal to the demand.
There is a large crop of No. i and No. 2 honey
being put upon the market, but no real fancy is
being offered

Strictly fancy white comb honey brings 15c,
No. I, r4C No. 2, 13c, with little demand tor
amber. Extracted white clover in barrels, brings
6c to 6!4c, cans6V2Cto 7c Amber extracted in
barrels is in good demand, at 5c and s^c, cans
same.

Beeswax 28c and 30c.

GRIGGS BROTHERS.
Nov. 7, '05 Toledo, Ohio,

All You Have To Do

Is to ser.d 3011 r name on a postal anil
^^et our way down prices on the Lest
dovetailed bee-hive made. 1 he prices
on our goods are lower tlian the lowest.
The workmanship is excellent. We
make all up-to-date g^oods. Our Oct.
and Nov discount, discountsever}' thing
you have seen. Send to-day. "We make
our own foundation, therefore you get it
direct from the factory. Address

The Weed De£=Hive & Box Co.
Lansing, Mich.

WEEKS
CENTS

We wish every reader of the Bee-Keepers' Review to become acquainted
with Gleanings in Bee Culture. We extend a cordial invitation in our offer
to send you the paper ten weeks for ten cents.

There is no bee paper in the world like Gleanings. Its aim is to meet the
needs of every bee-kreper everywhere and it needs it Whether you own one
colonv or a thousand or are merely interested yon cannot afford to miss a single
number. Gleanings is progressive. Every number is an improvement over the
last.

CONTRIBUTORS. It is useles to state tha G/ean/n/i*s excels in this
point. A regular department is edited by Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M. Doolittle.
Prof. A. J. Cook, J. A. Green and Louis Scholl. These names speak for them-
selves for they are the best writers of the day. Every issue contains articles
from the pens of the best bep-keepers all over the land. A list of them would be
the catalog of the most successful bee-keepers the world over. We will soon be-
gin a series of remarkable articles by E W. Alexander. We are safe in saying
a higher price was never paid for an article of this class as we paid for a single
one of this series. Every one of them will be worth hundreds of dollars to
bee-keepers.

HAI^F-TONIi: ILLUSTRATIONS. Diiring the past summer we have
had a special artist to take photographs for us. He has traveled on our account
alone the past summer over 400 miles and we can promise some very fine
pictures. Many of the Second Prize Photo Contest, American and Foreign will
appear soon. Our engravings are made by the very finest engravers in the
United States. Just this wealth of illustration doubles the value of the paper.

DECEMBBR 15TH ISSUE: We are pleased to announce that extensive
plans are now under way for a Special Christmas Issue of Gleanings, It is
planned that this issue shall far exceed in its wealth of contributed articles, its
half tones and its cover design anything that heretofore has been attempted
in bee-keeping literature. The cover is to be designed and printed by one of the
best cover establishments in the United States The design is something unique
and beautiful indeed. This issue will contain nearly 100 pages and 40,000
copies will be printed, making a bee-keepers magazine tha*^ compares favorably
with any magazine of the present day.

SUBSCRTBB. When you have read this notice, take up your pen and tell
us to send you Gleanings ten weeks and enclose ten cents, in coin or stamps.
Don't put it off. The magnificent Christmas Number alone will be worth 25c to
any bee-keeper— we don't promise this number to any but subscribers— Don't
put this matter off for you will never be able to spend 10c to better advantage.

THE A. 1. ROOT CO., medina.ohio

December, 1905,

C^

V

Flint, Michigan, $1.00 a/Year

Bee-Keepers Review National Bee-Keepers'

Association.

PUBI,ISHED MONTHLV
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Publisher

Entered as second-class matter at the Flint
Postoffice Feb. 2, 1888. Serial number, 215

Terms— $100 a year to subscribers in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Mexico. To all
other countries postage is 24 cts. a year, extra.

DiscontinuHvas—TUe Review is sent un-
til orders are received tor its disoonliniiaiice.
Notice is sent at the expiration of a subscnption,
further notices l>eing sent if the first is not heed
ed Any subscriber wishing the Review discon-
tinued, will please send a postal at oiice upon
receipt of tlie first notice; otherwise it will be
assumed that lie wislits the Review continued,
and will pay for it soon. Any one who prefers
to have the Review stopped at the expiration of
the time paid for, will please say so when sub-
scribing, and the request will be complied with.

Flint, Michigan, Dec. 15, 1905

Clubbing List.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (new) ($ioo) $i

American Bee Journal, (new)...( i oo) i

Canadian Bee Journal ( i-oo) i

Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) '

American Bee Keeper ( .5°) '

Rural Bee-Keeper ( i 00) i-

Western Bee Journal ( i-oo) I.

Ohio Farmer (100) i.

Farm Journal (Phila) ( .5°) !■

Rural New Yorker ( i 00) i.

The Century ( 40°) 4

Michigan Farmer ( 100) i,

Prairie Farmer ( i -oo) i

American Agriculturist ( too) 1.

Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3

Harper's Magazine ( 400) 4-

Harper's Weekly ( 40°) 4

Youths' Companion (new) ( i 75) 2

Cosmopolitan ( i-oo) 1

Success ( too) '

Advertising Rates.

All advertisements will be inserted at a rate of
15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each inser-
tion: 12 lines of Nonpareil space make i inch.
Discounts will be given as follows:

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent; 9 times, 25 per cent; 12 limes,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times, 10 per cent;
6 times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines aud upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent; 9 times, 40 per cent; 12 times
50 per cent.

Olijects of the Associntion.

To promote ami protect the interests of its
members.

To prevent the adulteration of honey.

Ainnial Memhership $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.
J. U. tlARKis, Grand Junction, Colo.
Pre.sideiit.
C. P. D.\i)ANT, Hamilton, 111.

Vice President
W. Z. HuTCiiiN.soN, Flint, Mich.
Secretary,
N. E. France, Plattville, Wis.
Gen. Manager and Treasure!

Hoard of Directors.

Wm McEvov. Woodhurn, Out.
R. 1,. Taylor, I<apeer. Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex,
R. C AiKiN, I.oveland, Colo.

P. H . Klwood, Starkville, N. yt
E. v^'HiTCOMB, Friend, Neb
WM. A. Selser, Philadelphia. Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
R. A. HOLEKAMP St. 1,0 is. Mo.

J. M Hamhal-gh, Kscondido, Cal.
C. A Hatch, Richland Cen., Wis
C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.

aaaaaaiaaaayaiasia'jij'jaaaaaaiaB

1 Names of Bee-Keepers

ia

il tyre: WRITXEIN

BBBEEEEBECiEEaEElEiEiBCigBBlEEiBe

The namesof my customers, and of those ask
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ
ten in a book. There are several thousand al
arranged in alphabetically (in the largest Sates)
and, though this list has been secured at an ex
peii.se of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish 1
to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousani
uaiues. The toriuer price was $2.50 per looc, bu
I now havea type writer, and by using the man
i fold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. J
manufacturer who wishes for a list of the na™e
of bee-keepers in his own State only, or possibr
ill the adjoining Stntt-s, can be accommodated
Here is a list of the Stales and the number 0
names in each Stale.

Arizona 46
Ark.... 82
Ala.. . 80
Calif... 378
Colo... 228
Canada 1200
Conn.. 162

Dak..

25

Del.. .

IS

Fla...

100

Ga....

• 90

Ind...

744

Ills...

1375

Iowa..

800

Kv

1S2

Kans..

350

I.a

3«

Mo

500

Minn..

3.-^4

Mich...

1770

Mai-s...

275

Md

94

Maine

270

Miss.. .

70

N. v.. .

1700

Neb.. .

. . MS

N. J. .

I.iO

N. H.

15»

N. C 6

New Mex.
Oregon., ic

13c
9'

*

W. Z. UrTCHIN

Ohio.

Penn

R. I

s. c

Teun

Tex

Utah i

Vt

Va If

w. Va....i;
Wash . . .

wu 6!

SON. Flint, Mic'

Prompt Shipments,

Are what you want and we
can make them. Send in your
orders and be convinced that
we can do it. WISCONSIN
BASSWOOD FOR SEC-
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED
HIVES made by ourselves
now. A full line of supplies
for bee-keeping- on hand.

JWaFshfield JVIfg. Co.

IWapshfield, Wis.

BEE KEEPERS'
EARLY DISCOUNTS.

Now is the time to send in
your order for g-oods for use
next season and for all orders
where cash accompanies, we
allow the the following- dis-
counts:

Before Oct. i deduct lo per cent.
" Nov. I " g

" Dec. I •' 8

Jan. I " 7

Feb. I " 6

Mar. I " 4

" Apr. I " 2

Freight rates from Toledo are the
lowe.st. Can take honey and bee.s-
wax in exchange for supplies if you
desire. Send for free illustrated cat-
alogue. It describes aud illustrates
everything for both the Poultry and
Bee-Kee])ers.

GRIGGS BROS.

521 Grigg-s Block
TOLEDO, - . OHIO.

Ho Fish-Bone

Is apparent in combhoney when
the Van Deusen, flat - bottom
foundation is used. This style
of foundation allows the making
of a more uniform article, hav-
ing a very thin base, with the
surplus wax in the side - walls
where it can be utilized by the
bees. Then the bees, in chang-
ing the base of the cells to the
natural shape, work over the
wax to a certain extent; and the
result is a comb that can scarcely
be distinguished from that built
wholly by the bees. Being so
thin, one pound will fill a large
number of sections.

All the Trouble of wiring
brood frames can be avoided by
using the Van Deusen wired.

Send for circular; price list,
and samples of foundation.
tJ. VAfl DEUSEfJ,

Sprout Brook, N. Y

Lowest Prices.

BIG DISCOUNT FOR UARI,Y
ORDERS.

On cash orders
Before November i 9 per cent.
,, December 18,. ,,
, January i 7 „ ^|
,, February 16,, ,,
,, March I 4 ,,

,, April 12 ,,

Bee Supplies of all Kinds,

Kstablished nearly 25 years.

We have published the American
Bee Keeper for 15 years, (monthly
,Soc a year). The largest and best il-
lustrated magazine of its kind for the
price published. F;("ited by two of
the most experienced bee-keepers in
America. Sample copy free. Our
large, illustrated price list of supplies
free on application.

The W. T, Falconer Mfg*
Company,

J.AMF.STOWN, N. Y.

354

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

DiseoaDts for Early OrdeFs

The following large discounts are offered for early orders accompanied by
cash. This applies to all goods excepting honey packages for current use.
For cash orders before —

Jan. ist, 7 per cent.

Feb. ist, 6 per cent. Mar. ist, 4 per cent.

April ist, 2 per cent.

The following are Distributing Points for Lewis Goods:

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

Wis. I<utnber Co , Fairbault, Minn.

Dadant & Sons,, Hamilton, 111.

C. M. Scott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Norris & Anspach, Kenton, O.

A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

York Honey & Bee Supply Co., Chi-
cago, 111., 141 & 143 Ontario St.

I,ouis Hansen's Sons, Davenport, Iowa.

Adam A. Clarke, I,e Mars, lowi.

Southwestern Bee Co., San Antonio,
Texas., 438, Houston St,

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.

Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Pa,

Bee-Keepers'
Supplies.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Colorado Honey Producers Association,

Denver, Colo.
Fruit Growers' Ass'n., Grand Junction,

Colo.
Arkansas Valley Honey Producers,

Association, Rocky Ford, Colo.
R. C Aikin, I,oveland, Colo.
Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif.
Chas. H. Ivilly& Co., Seattle, Wash.
Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah.
A. Coiipin, Wenona, 111.
The Chas. H. I^iUy Co., San Francisco,

California.
C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba.
E. H. Taylor, Welwyn Hct' , Eng.

Watertown,
Wis., U. S. A.

JRTlake Your Own Hives

3ee *' Heepeps

Will save mone}' b}'
using- our Foot Pow-
er Saw in making-
their hives, sections
and boxes.

Machines on trial.
Send for Catalogue.

W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO.,

384 Rnby St.,

Rockford, Ills.

4 04-191

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

3SS

7 % Discount

We will allow you the above discount
on all orders accompnied by cash during
December. Send for Catalogue.

Page & Lyon Mfg. Co., New London, Wis.

ummmmmmmimom^m^m^^^^^^f

CO = OPERATION " Vou Want to Buy

Means— You Work for Me, and I

Work for You for Mutual Benefit.

A well-known manufacturer wishes to

cash S2,000 worth of goods during:

DECEMBER.

He has made me the lowest prices I
have been able to secure in years, viz:
The 8-fr. Dove, hive, 1^-st. at 90 cents
each— any frame, any cover, etc. 10-
fr., $1.00.

No. 1 White Basswood Standard
Size Sections a $3.15 per 1000. No 2
$2.65.

I will take you Mr. Bee-Keeper, into
partnership. There are three condi-
tions, viz:

1st. Cash to reach me not later than
Dec. 29, 1905.

2nd. You subscribe for Rural Bee-
Keeper, one year, $1.00,

3rd. You pay me a comission for
my services, viz.

10 percent, on all orders for $50 or less.

$50 to $100.

100 to 200.

200 to 300.

300 to 500.

500 to 1000.
on all orders over $1000.
Prompt shipment. Money

a property or a
business of any
kind anywhere in
the United States
write me a post-
al card for my
Free Catalogue.

I have bargains every-
where and can save
you noney. Don't
wait. Write today

A. P. Tone Wilson, "l^^cF/Jil^

TOPEKA, KANSAS.

Now is the Time to Order

Your Bee-Hives, Sections, Shipping-
Cases, Berry Boxes and Crates for the
doming: season. By sending- a list of
g-oods wanted, we can save you money.

SHEBOYGAN FRUIT BOX CO.,
9-05-4t Sheboyg-an, Wis.

8 percent.

7 percent.

6 percent.

5 percent.

3 percent.

2}4 percent
No catalog-,
refunded in case all are sold. No risk.

W. H. Pwtnam, River Falls, Wis.

LOTS OF GOOD QUEENS.

Unte.sted, $1.00 each: six for S5.00, or $9.00 per
dozen. Tested. Sl.SO each: select, $2.50. Bees for
sale in car lots for spring: delivery. Correspond-
ence solicited. Agents for Dittmer's foundation
for this State. Get prices.

THE BEE and HONEY COMPANY,

WILL ATCHLEY, MgT. BEEVILLE, BEE CO., TEX.

4 Car Loads

of honey for sale, For particulars address B F
I,awless, 822 S. Church St., Visalia, Calif.

I2-05-ltf

356

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

^^Ig^l^^H^^I^^I^-'SaiU^.'SSIlBSa.-

"DflOflNT'S FOUNDATIOH"

IT EXCELS.

4^* ^9*' ^^ tfi^

We Guarantee Satisfaction.

%^^ f^^ ^^ ^^^

! BEE=SUPPLIES

I OF ALL KINDS.

Bk ^^^ ft^' ^3* e^*

i Beeswax Wanted at all times.

A. G. Woodman^ Grand Rapids,
Agents for Michigan.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

?<^55i^^'^^!^^'^?

FANCY WHITE EXTRACTED HONEY

CRATES 2-60 LB. CANS; 8c

TWO OR MORE CRATES; 7X
LARGER LOTS; WRITE FOR SPECIAL PRICES. ALL
F. O. B. CINCINNATI. CASH WITH ORDER. SAMPLES 10c*
TO PAY POSTAGE.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

No. 51 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

BiHiB

Review Apiary — 104 Colonies.

Building Castles in the Air.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to the Interests of Honey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.
w. z. HOTCHiNSON. Editor and Proprleloi.

VOL. XVIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, DEC. 15, 1905. NO. 12

'asto Fireseimt aimed Fmtisr© ©f tSiK

W. Z. HUTCHINSON.

^7 HE interest shown in tlie Review-
T^ apiary is just a wee bit flattering-.
Quite a number have written and in-
quired how the increase was made.
Others liave wished to know if any
feeding- was done. Still others would
like to know if any surplus was
secured. Another says that "most of
bee-keepers try to keep down increase,
but 3-ou seem to work in the opposite
direction, and we would like to know
why and how you did it."

WHY I HAVK AGAIN TAKKN UP BEE-
KEEPING.

In the iirst place, let me tell why I
have gone again into bee-keeping. It
was not that I had not sufficient work.
There is the g-etting- out of the Review,
which is really more than enough to
keep one man busy. There is the look-
ing- after foul brood. The work as
Secretar}' of the National Association,
Then, during the past year I have
written and published the new edition
of Advanced Bee Culture, which will
be in the hands of its readers now in a

few days. On top of all this I started
in to build up on apiary. My love for
the work was one very strong motive.
After being- without bees for three or
four years, the long-ing- for them be-
came so great as to be almost irresisti-
ble. Another point is this: I have for
years urged bee-keepers to keep more
bees; to seek a good location and estab-
lish out-apiaries, and make a business
of their business. I have urged that it
is an easy matter if the bee-keeper will
only turn his mind and energies in
that direction, and now I have started
in to "show them how to do it," or else
fail in the attempt, in which case my
readers will have the benefit of the per-
formance. I have said repeatedly, that
a bee-keeper in an ordinary location
could take 15 or 20 colonies of bees and
build them up into a good sized apiary
in a single season. For this reason I
have said that there is little excuse in
saying that you would keep more bees
if you only had them. You can get
them in a very short time if you set out
for it in the right wa3^; and one object

360

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW

in thus building up 20 colonies into 104,
was to show my friends that all this
was not idle talk. I well-know that
much greater increase has been made.
I once made increase at twice this
ratio, but that was when I had a
bountiful flow from buckwheat. My
increase this year was made from
clover alone. If a good flow from buck-
wheat had followed, or if there had
been a fall flow from any source, or
if I had resorted to feeding-, it would
have been an easy matter to have
simply doubled the 104 colonies.

A SAFE, SURE METHOD OK INCREASE.

I think I have before described the
method of increase, but I will go over it
again briefl}^ As soon as some of the
colonies were full of bees, brood and
honey, and could easily spare two
combs of bees and brood from each,
that many were removed from each
colony until enough were secured to fill
a hive, which was placed upon a new
stand and given a laying queen bought
from a Southern feeder. By the way,
most of the queens were not released
until a day or two after the formation
of the colony, when most of the old bees
had returned to their old homes, leav-
ing mostly young bees, and I believe I
lost only three queens out of about 90
that were introduced. Of course, the
old queens had to be hunted up before
removing the combs of brood and ad-
hering bees, and this is about the only
objection that I have found to this
method of making increase. With pure
Italians of a peaceable strain, this is
not a serious objection in a small
apiary. It consumes time, however,
and, when doing things on a large
scale, a man would probably wish for
some quicker method. Another year I
think I shall try the plan of shaking
off the bees from the combs of bees
removed (then there would be no time
wasted in looking for queens) and
when I had a hive full of cornbs of
brood I would set it over a populous
colony, with a queen excluder between

it and the lower hive. In a few hours
the combs of brood would be covered
with young bees, when it could be
given a queen and a new stand. When
combs of brood were removed, their
places were filled with full sheets of
wired foundation,

I think nearly as good results might
have been secured if the queens had
been reared instead of being purchased,
but I had too many irons in the fire to
attempt that. A man who was simply
running an apiary, and trying to build
up another apiary, could easily rear
the queens for increase. Bees that
started in to swarm would easily fur-
nish the cells. When nearly ready to
hatch they could be given to newly
made colonies, or they might be first
given to nuclei, and, when the queens
are la3'ing, the nuclei built up into full
colonies.

In the height of the season, sometimes
as man}' as four combs of bees and
brood were taken from one colony. Of
course, judgment must be used in this
matter. The principle is to take
combs of bees and brood from full col-
onies that are abundantly able to spare
them, and make up full colonies with
these combs of bees and brood, giving
them a queen. In a very few days
such a colony is the equalof an}' in
the yard.

I did uo feeding except a little be-
tween fruit bloom and the opening of
white clover — perhaps 50 pounds of
sugar was fed. No surplus was
secured, but the colonies are abun-
dantly supplied with winter stores of
clover honey.

A SIMPLE, YET DESIRABLE, ENTRANCE-
STOPPER.

The apiary was located some four or
five blocks from my home, as there was
not room near the latter, hence the bees
had to be brought home in order to put
them in the cellar under the house. In
bringing them home the covers and
bottom boards were fastened on with
what are called crate-staples — double

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

361

pointed tacks in which the points are
about an inch and a half apart. One
point is driven into the bottom board,
at one corner of the hive, and the other
point into the side of the hive. Each
corner of the hive, or bottom board, is
served the same. The staples at the
front end of the hive are made to slant
in one direction, and those at the back
end in the opposite direction, hence
they act as braces, acting- one ag-ainst
the other, and prevent the bottom board
from slipping- in either direction. Be-
f )re the cover was fastened down, a
piece of rag^ carpet was spread over
the frames. The entrance was closed
with wire cloth, and that was all of
the ventilation that was given. By the
way, it may be worth while to describe
how this wire cloth entrance-stopper
was made and used, as it was very
easily and quickly put in place, or re-
moved. Cut a piece of wire cloth two
inches wide, and as long as the en-
trance is wide. Fold, or bend, it along
the middle of the long way until, in
looking at the end, it has the shape of
the letter "V," or, possibly, the letter
"U. " Introduce the folded edge into
the entrance, and crowd the wire cloth
back into the entrance until the outer
edges are nearly or quite even, or
"flush," with the front of the hive.
The elasticity, or "spring, "of the wire
keeps it in place, yet it can be very
easily and quickly pulled out with the
points of the finger and thumb. This
method of closing- the entrance might
not be sufficientl3' secure for shipping
bees long distances by express, but for
short distances, where under the su-
pervision of the owner, it is all right.

ARRANGING THE HIVES IN THE CELLAR.

After the bees were hauled home they
were set down on the ground near the
entrance to the cellar, the crate staples
removed by the use of a screw driver,
the fronts of the hives raised a little by
putting a piece of section under the
edge of each hive. This was done that
I might be sure that the hive was en-

tirely loosened from the bottom board,
so that it would not come loose with a
"snap" when the hive was picked up
to carry it into the cellar. Not only
this, but the cool air would induce the
bees to crawl up among the combs, and
part of the cluster would not be left on
the bottom board when tlie hive was
picked up to carry it into the cellar.
The hives were left standing thus o"er
night that the bees might have time to
' 'cool down" after being moved. When
they were carried into the cellar, the
covers were removed, and the hives
stacked up by placing a two-inch,
square strip of wood at each end of a
hive, between it and the hive above.
This gives a two-inch space below
each hive, and there is a piece of rag
carpet over each brood nest. The
cellar door has stood open most of the
time since I put the bees in. When I
close the entrance to the cellar the tem-
perature is about 50. The bees are
closely clustered and very quiet.

"pin-hole" PHOTOGRAPHY."

The reason that I had them on such
a small piece of ground this year, was
because I had bargained for this space
before I expected to have so many bees.
Later I bought more bees, but I man-
aged to crowd the increase upon this
space. Another year I shall have a
location near where the bees were kept
last year, but where there will be an
abundance of room. The ground is all
laid out now, and the blocks placed to
set the hives upon as soon as the
weather is suitable in the spring. I
am going to give yo'a a view of this
ground upon which the apiary is to
stand another year. I am doing this
not because I consider it picturesque,
or that there is anything particularly
noteworthy about it, but because I have
been studying up what is called "pin-
hole" photography, and this cut is made
from the first photograph that I made
with that process. No lens is used,
simply a pin-hole, not larger than a
fine cambric needle. Of course, a long

362

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

exposure must be g-iven. In this view
g-iven in the Review, the exposure was
20 minutes with bright sunshine. Pin-
hole photographs do not show that
sharp definition that may be secured
with a lens; there is a lack of detail, a
softness, that reminds one of a paint-
ing instead of a photograph. It is not
necessary to have a camera (although
it is a convenience) in taking pin hole
photographs. Simply a light-tight box,
with a hole bored in one end, the hole
covered with a thin piece of brass or
copper that has been punctured with
the point of a needle, and the "burr"

from the pin-hole to the plate. For
pictorial landscape work, where an
abundance of time can be given, pin-
hole photography has much to com-
mend it, but for general work, or
where sharpness and detail are desir-
able, the lens is ahead.

ARRANGEMENT OF HIVES.

If you will look at the prospective
apiary again, you will see that it is
laid out in such a manner that there
will be really four small apiaries of 28
colonies each, There are several
reasons for this: Perhaps three of

•K-. r

Ground Staked Out for the Review-Apiary Next Spring.
Made from a Pin-Hole Photograph.

edge of the puncture polished down or
rubbed away on a whetstone. At the
back of the box must be some arrange-
ment for holding the plates. Perhaps
itmight be advisable to use "boughten"
plate-holders. One advantage of the
pin-hole arrangement is that it is
always in focus, no matter how far you
are from the object, nor how far it is

these apiaries will have their hives
protected in the spring with tarred'^
paper, as explained in the November
Review, and close watch will be kept
as to the effect. Perhaps two of them,
one that is protected, and one that is
not protected, will be fed between fruit
bloom and clover; and so on, one or
two of these little apiaries will be given

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

363

some treatment dififerent from the
others, and results will be noted and
reported. Another thinf^-, in the mak-
ing up of new colonies, in which
queens must be fertilized, there will be
more opportunity to give such hives
disting-uishing- locations, than would
be the case were the whole apiary ar-
ranged in one solid square when the
bees were first taken from the cellar.
The hives will be arranged in straight
rows, each way, the distance between
being about 30 inches. This will give
an excellent opportunity for the run-
ning of the lawn mower, both ways,
the same as we cultivate corn. Salt
will be used to kill the grass for five
or six inches around each hive.

HO ! FOR OUT-APIAKIES IN N0RTHP:RN

MICHIGAN.

I have mentioned some of the plans
of the future, but let me go still further.
I have already shown how easily an
apiary may be built up from a few
colonies; now I wish to go on and show
how apiaries may be increased, and a
paying business built up on a large
scale. In the spring I may sell a few
colonies, but not more than 15 or 20.
Theu, after fruit bloom, I expect to
ship most of the remaining strong col-
onies to the raspberry region of North-
ern Michigan and establish an apiary
that shall be a starting point for a
series of out-apiaries. I expect to
produce extracted honey, and manage
the apiaries on something approaching
the Townsend plan, viz., that of visit-
ing them only at stated intervals dur-
ing the spring, summer and fall. I
am going to give, in advance, my plans,
as much in detail as space will permit,
and then ask for criticisms. As the
work progresses, results will be re-
ported, mistakes being given as freely
as the successes.

TEN-FRAMK HIVES.

Ten-frame Langstroth hives will be
used. The preference is given to this

size rather than the eight-frame, be-
cause in handlingbees at "long range,"
so to speak, where they may be left for
weeks with no attention, a colony in a
large hive will be more likely to be
able to take care of itself. Colonies in
hives of this size will be able to better
bear neglect. It is likely that swarm-
ing will be more easily controlled.

PREPARING FULL COLONIES FOR
SHIPMENT.

After fruit bloom, and before the hot
weather comes on, perhaps 50 of the
strongest colonies will be selected and
shipped to the raspberry region. Two
or three days before they are to be
shipped they will be moved out of the
apiary a short distance, and the flying
or field-bees allowed to return and join
the weaker colonies that remain in the
apiary. This course will be taken for
two reasons. The full colonies that
are to be shipped will stand the con-
finement and shipment much better for
the removal of these old bees. It is
these old bees that worry and make a
fuss and die in the hive. The young
bees, that have never flown, bear the
confinement exceedingly well. The old
bees that return and join the weaker
colonies will boom them, and they will
soon be in a condition for artificial in-
crease, to which purpose they will be
devoted. If 20 colonies are left, and
they are thus re-inforced, it is quite
likely that I can, by another fall, in-
crease them to 100 colonies— judging
by the results of the past season.

The full colonies will each have an
empty upper story placed above, the
top of the upper story being covered
with wire cloth. The bottom boards
will be fastened on, and the two stories
fastened together by the liberal use of
crate-staples. At least two upper stor-
ies of frames supplied with full sheets
of wired foundation will be provided
for each colony. All these will be
loaded into a freight car, and I shall

364

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

accompany them, in person, to their
destination.

SECURING SURPLUS COMBS AND HONEY.

As soon as the honej' flow opens in
earnest, and the hives are full of bees,
brood and honej', I expect to put an
upper storj' on each colon}-, raising up
half the roinbs from below, and alter-
nating- the combs in both stories with
full sheets of foundation. You must
remember that I have no surplus of
drawn combs, and that one of the steps
for another year will be that of secur-
ing the building of surplus combs.
When the sheets of foundation are
drawn out and filled with honey and
brood, and the colonies and honej'flow
are in a condition to justify the addi-
tion of another story, it will be added,
some of the combs being raised from
lower stories to alternate with the
foundation. This plan will be fol-
lowed until the season is over, let the
added upper stories be one or half a
dozen. When the season is over, the
surplus honey will be extracted, leav-
ing each colony' one body and one set
of 10 combs.

Until I am satisfied that an apiary
will remain permanently in some par-
ticular location, it is likely that the
bees will be wintered in clamps.
When I decide upon a permanent loca-
tion, a cellar and honey house will be
built. Previous to that, it is quite
likely that I shall use a portable
honey-house, one that can be taken
apart and moved.

ONLY FIVE VISITS A YEAR !

I also have plans as to how I shall
make increase and establish other
apiaries after the first one is started,
but this article is already stringing

out to an unpardonable length, so I
will close by saying that I wish to
develop a system whereby I can man-
age apiaries for extracted honey by vis-
iting them from four to six times in the
course of a year. Go in the spring
and dig them out of the clamps, or take
them out of the cellar, and protect them
with tarred paper (if it proves advan-
tageous); go at the beginning of the
main flow and put on two upper stories
of empty combs (shall I use a queen
excluder ?) go when the flow has been
on two or three weeks. This visit
might not be necessary were it not that
some colonies will far out-strip others,
and may need more surplus room,
whileothers have not made much head-
way in the supers. This visit will be
for the sake of equalizing matters; giv-
ing more room where needed, and,
possibl}', reducing the room on others.
At this visit it is quite likely that the
increase will be made, queens that
have been reared in the home-apiary
being carried to give the new colonies.
The next visit will be after the
season is over, and will be made to
extract the honey. The fifth and last
visit will be to bury the bees or put
them in the cellar. Actual practice
may change some of these plans, but
this is as nearly as I can outline them
in advance. Now then, I wish the help
of my readers. Remember, if you see
that I am making a mistake somewhere,
it is not going to hurt me a particle to
have it pointed out. That is what I
desire, above all things. In retnrn I
will tell you, as the plan unfolds, ex-
actly how it turns out, even if, in the
telling, I am forced to acknowledge
that some of my cherished schemes
have come to naught.

Flint, Mich., Nov. 24, 1905.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

365

amagrag Omi^-ApSarSeg iim tine N®^w

N. L. STEVENS.

|N considerinj,'- the question as to
-■■ whether one shall branch out in
bee-keeping-, and establish out apia-
ries, ti.ere are several imporant factors
to be considered which are all more or
less contributory to one's success or
failure.

IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS IN
MANAGING OUT-APFARIFS.

Named in theorderof their importance
they are, perhaps, the man, the loca-
tion, the methods employed, the neces-
sary capital, and the market. Given
the first four, and failure would be
quite possible without a g-ood market;
and herein I think lies the dang-er of
increasing the business too far; for, as
all markets are necessarily regulated
by supply and demand, I think there
is danger, if a good season were gen-
eral throughout the whole country, of
a big slump in prices; which might
mean disaster to one who had gone too
far beyond his means; and make the
business unprofitable to those of more
ample resources. In this connection it
mig-ht be well to say, that it behooves
us all to develop our home markets,
disposing of as much of our product in
this way as possible, and thus keeping
a share of it from competing in the
general market.

It will not pay to start an out-apiary
unless one has more bees than can prof-
itably be kept in the home apiary, as
they can be cared for much more
cheaplj' at home.

CONDITIONS UNDKR WHICH LARGE NUM-
BERS OF BEES MAY BE KEPT IN
ONE APIARY.

Of course, each person must deter-
mine for himself the number ot colonies

which his location will profitably sup-
port, as that is a question which de-
pends upon the honey resources and
management.

I am strongly of the opinion that in
localities where the resources from
which the main crop is secured are
almost unlimited, a large number of
colonies could be profitably kept in one
yard, providing they were fed a little
each day during the period when no
honey was coming in from the field, to
keep the colonies in proper condition to
take advantage of the flow when it did
come.

POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN SELECT-
ING THE SITE FOR AN OUT-
APIARY.

Having determined to start an out-
apiary, there are several things to be
considered in making the selection of a
site. It should be favorably located in
relation to the honey producing flora,
so situated as to be protected from the
prevailing winds, and not contiguous
to cultivated fields, at least, in this
buckwheat country, as the bees in
large apiaries become very cross dur-
ing the period while buckwheat is in
bloom, and sometimes prove an annoy-
ance in working fields some distance
from the apiary. I think three miles
between apiaries practically sufficient.
I have a house and tools at each apiary
and consider them indispensible. I
want the building bee-tight with an
escape in the window to let out strag-
glers.

I constructed one of the take-down
type, the past season, 9x12x7 ft. high at
one end and 9 ft. at the other, built of
matched pine at a cost of about $30 for
material.

366

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Compensation for the use of the
ground occupied will have to be fixed
somewhat according- to the ideas of the
owner. I find that, as a rule, if they
will allow the bees on the place at all,
they are not usually exhorbitant in
their charges, and honey for family
use forms a large part of the consider-
ation.

APIARIST BETTER MANAGE OUT-APIA-
RIES HIMSEI>K II- COMPETENT HELP
CAN BE SECURED.

The help-problem is getting to be one
of serious importance in all rural in-
dustries. Having had several years ex-
perience in managing hundreds of col-
onies myself and ?lso having several
yards let on shares, I think I would
prefer running the bees myself, provid-
ing competent and trustworthy help
can be secured at reasonable wages.

I have bought very few hives from
the factory, as I think I can make
them cheaper.

HOW TO MANAGE THE SWARMING
PROBLEM.

The swarming problem is not so diffi-
cult if one has got sufficient time at his
disposal to attend to it. By drawing
brood from those preparing to swarm.

and forming nuclei, or building up the
weaker ones according to the require-
ments of the apiary, it can be kept
pretty well under control.

I think the raising of two or three
frames of sealed brood into the extract-
ing super, and filling their places with
foundation or drawn combs earlj^ in
the season, practiced on the stronger
colonies, will give the queen the neces-
sary room and tend to diminish
swarming.

Mj' increase is secured by forming
nuclei as early in the season as we can
secure natural cells; and I consider a
colony which has built several cells
preparatory to swarming, the latter
part of May or first of June, as a prize
to be used as a base in forming these
nuclei.

As our main honej' flow comes from
buckwheat during August, it is possi-
ble, if formed early, to get a 3-frame
nucleus built up into a good colony in
time to catch the flow.

I winter bees packed on summer
stands, except in the home yard, as I
would consider it too much trouble to
haul them back and forth to a winter
repositor}'.

Moravia, N. Y., Nov. 19, I9O4. •

^^■^>^^f^l

^m

0)11 s

Ouxe Sem©©ii«

J. E. GRANE.

[The following- is part of a private letter, but it
contains so many good ideas that I hope friend
Crane will pardon me for giving it this publicity.
Ed. Review.]

T OFTEN feel, after reading the Re-
i view, as I have this afternoon, like
sitting down and having a chat with
you about bees and beesness.

I have long wanted to tell you how

much I have enjoyed the Review, espe-
cially its editorials. The masterful
way in which you have conducted it,
and the sweet, christian spirit you have
shown, with charity for all, and no un-
kind word for any one, has charmed
me, and been "sweeter than robins'
sonefs in the rain."

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

367

I have been interested in your advice
about keeping more bees, but thought
the advice did not apply to me, as I am
getting along in years, or the years are
getting into me, but, last spring, my
son, novF twenty-two past, thought we
might spread ourselves a little, and so
we went some ten miles away, in a
good range, and bought "a yard"
consisting of 100 colonies of bees, 125
empty hives, two buildings, 14x20,
several thousand sections, clamps, etc.,
including all the fixtures necessary
for running a yard of bees, as well as
all the useless claptrap accumulations
of years. Well, the season has been
a fair one, and we have brought home
from that yard about 9,000 lbs. of
honey; much more than enough to pay
for it. This with five old yards, has
kept us two very busy; but we were
able to do all the work until the close
of the honey season, when my son
went on the road selling honey, and I
engaged another man to assist me in
putting honey up for filling orders.
Oh ! I guess I am a little fast, we did
hire three days' work during the
busiest of the season. So you see that
your advice to keep more bees, has
brought us no harm.

THE GREAT NEED FOR ADVERTISING
HONEY.

I feel that we must increase the use
of honey by advertising, and writing.

and in every possible way, until all
came to know its value as the most
delicious and healthful of foods.

My neighbor, Ex-Gov. Stewart, has
been abroad the past summer, and he
tells me that in all the hotels in
Switzerland he found honey on the
the tables. We have begun selling to
hotels here, and find the demand in-
creasing. I think it would be well if
all bee keepers, when away from home,
and stopping at hotels or restaurants,
would ask for honey.

Wish you could have been with us in
some of our rides this fall, to our out-
yards, with the forests in all their
autumnal glory, and the beautiful green
mountains in full view. I am sure you
would have enjoyed it as I have done.

what will happen if everybody
"keeps more bees ?"

Aren't you afraid if every body
keeps more bees that our markets will
be overstocked ?

Those were sensible articles in last
Gleanings about advertising

But I am afraid I shall weary you
with my rambling pen. and so will
close.

Middlebury, Vt., Oct. 28, 1905.

[As to my views regarding the diffi-
culties that may arise from advising
bee-keepers to keep more bees, see my
reply to Bro. Lathrop on Page 371.—
Ed. Review.]

o

A

o

\

M

Bleaching of wax has been more suc-
cessfully accomplished by Prof. Shutt,
of the Ontario Agricultural College at
Ottawa, Canada, by the use of one per
cent, of nitric acid, than by any other
chemical. One per cent, is sufficient,
while too large a portion of acid de-
stroys or injures the wax.

H. G. Sibbaid was re-elected Presi-
dent of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation; R. H. Smith, 1st Vice Presi-
dent; and F. J. Miller, 2nd Vice Presi-
dent. Next meeting will be held in
Toronto during the fruit, flower and
vegetable show, which assures reduced
rates.

368

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Mary had a swarm of bees.

And Ihey, to save their lives.
Must gro wherever Mary went — •

'Cause Mary had the hives.

Barrels, when filled with honey, should
have the hoops driven tigfht, and tacked
fast; then a barrel should not rest
upon its side when being shipped, or
carried in a wagon, as the whole
weight then rests upon a single point.
Set the barrel on end.

Michigan Bee-Keepers will hold their
annnal convention Feb. 1st and 2nd at
the Blackman Hotel in Jackson. This
hotel is a first class temperance house,
and a room for holding the meeting
will be furnished free. Lodging 50
cts., and meals 50cts., each. Further
particulars will be given soon.

Original, or new methods, are some-
times an improvement upon old ones,
and Mr. J. B. Hall said, at the late
Ontario convention, that he would set
an inexperienced man at work doing a
piece of work, if he wanted to get an
original way of doing it — he would be
almost certain to do this in an original
manner. The experienced man is in a
rut, and can't see out of it.

Three Inspectors of Apiaries for Canada.
Ontario bee-keepers will ask their
legislature to pass a law dividing the
Province into three districts, with an
Inspector of Apiaries for each district;
these Inspectors to report to the On-
tario Bee-Keepers' Association the
names and addresses of the owners of
apiaries inspected, number of diseased
colonies found, treated, or burned.

My Bees have now, Dec. 9, been in
the cellar a month, and are very quiet;
the great, golden-brown clusters hang-
ing down below the frames in that de-
lightful way so cheering to the heart
of the bee-keeper. The mercury stands
at 50 degrees, which might be consid-
ered rather high, but it must be re-

membered that both the covers and the
bottom-boards have been removed, and
the frames have been covered only with
a piece of rag carpet. I have just
finished sweeping up the bees on the
floor for the first time, and there was
not over a quart from the whole 100
colonies.

■^^^iWlC* «^*»

Results of the Election.

Mr. Leonard S. Griggs and myself
counted the votes cast for the election
of officers for the National for 1906, and
the results are as follows:

Whole number of votes cast for
President 876, of which 724 are for C.
P. Dadant, 149 for O. L. Hershiser,
one for H. G. Surface, one for W. Z.
Hutchinson, and one for Jas. U.
Harris.

Whole number of votes cast for Vice
President 810, of which Geo. E. Hilton
received 68r), C. P. Dadant 91, W. F.
Marks 8, J. A. Green 6, the rest scat-
tering.

Whole number of votes cast for Sec-
retary 889, of which W. Z. Hutchinson
received 763. J. A. Green 111, the rest
scattering.

Whole number of votes cast for Gen-
eral Manager 878, of which N. E
France received 852, Wm. Rohrig 28,
the rest scattering.

Whole number of votes cast for Di-
rectors 2,560, of which F. Wilcox re-
ceived 491, C. A. Hatch 490, E. R.
Root 466, E. W. Alexander 444, M. H.
Mendelson 333, Walter S. Pouder 288,
the rest scattering.

The Secret of selling a large crop of
honey is looked upon by some as really
a secrei. Here is the way Mr. J. T.
Hairston, of Salina, Ind. Ter., talks
about it in a letter to me. He says: "I
notice in the October Review that Mr.
E. D. Townsend has sold his 20,000
pounds of honey at 7}4 cts. I can beat
him badly. My 1903 crop was 14,000
pounds; my 1904 crop was 15,000
pounds, and it was all sold at an

■THE EEE-I'EEPERS' REVIEW

369

averafje of a shilling a pound for ex-
tracted, and twenty cents for comb.
]\Iy honey is all sold, and I could sell
20,000 pounds more this winter, if I had
the kind that I produce. I damag-ed
my honey trade twice in buying- honej'.
One lot was a fine grade of alfalfa,
but there were flies in some of the
cans, and I had to strain all of it. One
lot was from southern Texas, and half
of it was not fit to eat. There is lots
of comb hone}' shipped in here on
which the g^rocers lose monej'.

I sell, at the prices named, direct to
the retailer, and what I have done,
anybody' can do, if he only knew mj'
sene/. I would like to tell the readers
of the Review that secret if I thought
they would profit by it. I'm afraid
the}' won't, at least a great many
won't, so what's the use. T will sa3%
however, that there is realU' no great
secret about it g-ood honej', honesty
and push — that's all there is to it.

««*»»^l^»^»^i"

Program for the National Convention.

The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its annual convention
Dec. 19th, 20th and 21st in Brunt Hall,
in the Bush Temple of Music, corner
of Clark St., and Chicag^o Ave. , en-
trance on Clark St. , Chicag-o, Ills. This
hall is only five minutes walk north, on
Clark St., from the Revere House, cor-
ner of Clark and Michig-an Sts., which
will be headquarters for the members
of the convention. Rates at the hotel
are 75 cts for a room alone, or SO cts
each, where two occupy the same room.
Meals are extra, or they may be secured
at nearby restaurants. The program
is as follows: —

FIRST DAY.

Evening- Session — 7:30 p. m.

Wax-Rendering- Methods and Their

Faults

O. L. Hershiser, Buff^alo, N. Y.

Can the Tarifi^ on Comb Honey
be Tinkered to the Advantage

of the U. S. Bee-Keeper ?

Hildreth & Segelken, New York

SKCOND DAY.
Morning- Session — 9:30 a. m.

How Many Bees Shall a Man Keep ?

E. U. Townsend, Remus, Mich.

Short Cuts in Bee-Keeping-

M. A. Gill, Long-mont, Colo.
Producing- Both Comb and Ex-
tracted Honey on the Same

Colon}'

Jas. A. Green, Grand Junction, Colo.
Question Box

Afternoon Session — 2:00 p. m.

The Control of Increase

L. Stachelhausen, Converse, Texas.

Mig-ratory Bee-Keeping-

R. F. Holtermann, Brantford, Canada.
The Dietic and Hygenic Value of

Honey,

Dr. Eaton, Chicago, Ills.
Question Box

Evening Session — 7:30 p. m.
Contagious Diseases Among Bees

and How to Distinguish Them

Dr. Wm. R. Howard, Ft. Worth, Texas

Experimental Apiculture

Dr. E. F. Philips, Washington, D. C.

THIRD DAY.

Morning Session — 9:30 a. m.
The Hone}' Producers' League —

Can it Help Bee-Keepers ?

R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

The Business End of Bee-Keeping

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Making Honey Vinegar

H. M. Arnd, Chicago, 111.
Ouestion Box

Afternoon Session — 2:00 p. m.

In What Way Can Bee-Keepers
Secure I'heir Supplies at

Lower Prices ?

W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis.

How the Producer and Dealer
May Advance Their Mutual

Interests

Fred. W. Muth, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Ouestion Box

Evening Session — 7:30 p. m.

What Have we to Hope for from

the Non-Swarming Hive ?

L. A. Aspinwall, Jackson, Mich.

Poultry Keeping for the Bee-Keeper. . .

E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Secretary

Wax Rendering methods are yet far
from perfect, so far as securingthe last
bit of wax is concerned. Mr. Arthur

370

Tin-: BEE-KEEPEKS' KEVIEW

C. Miller calls attention to this point in
his excellent article of last month, and
intimates that there is a better method
than that of pressure, but does not sa_v
what that method is. From a short
article of his that appears in a late
issue of the American Bee Journal, I
think we may get an inkling of his
ideas on the subject. Here are two or
three paragraphs clipped from that
article: —

Not long since there appeared in
these columns an article by Mr. Da-
dant describing a French contrivance
for recovering wax, consisting of a
double ended paddle rotating below a
strainer. The kettle, or pail, was to
be filled with water and comb, the pad-
dle and strainer adjusted, and as the
paddle stirred the mass below the
strainer, the freed wax rose to the sur-
face. Aside from a brief adverse com-
ment by Mr. Hast}', no notice appears
to have been taken of it. and yet ivithin
that tittle contrivance lie the true prin-
ciples for the extraction oj wax. To be
sure, the machine is incomplete and
crude, but, properl}' developed, it is to
be the wax-extractor of the future.

Old comb consists of various kinds
of fiber and other substances of an
absorbent nature, and as soon as the
mass reaches the melting point of wax
these substances take it up. To get it
out, the mass is squeezed; but until you
can squeeze a sponge dry, do not expect
io press all the wax from a mass of old
comb. When melted under water the
absorbent substances take up much of
it, affordingbetter opportunity for more
wax to be secured; but even then the
mass must be agitated in order to per-
mit the wax to escape, and to make the
operation complete some device must
be used to break up every particle of
the comb.

Besides these features, some device
must be had for skimming off the wax
as it rises, so that when all is extracted
the refuse may be immediatelj' removed
and the machine recha/ged.

A machine properly constructed em-
bodying these features will secure all
the wax, and do it rapidlj' and easily.

Whom Shall we Elect as Officers ?
Written in red ink upon one of the
ballots cast in the recent election was
the following: "There is little use in

voting. The 'big four' have things
now so arranged that it is simply im-
possible to elect a man from the rank
and file. "

In nearly every organization there
may usuall}' be found a few malcon-
tents whose chief pleasure is found in
sarcastic flings about the officers or the
management of the association. For
instance, what particular virtue is
there in electing to office a man "from
the rank and file?" Is such a man
more likely to make a goodofiflcer than
the one who, by hand, or pen, or
tongue, has made himself favorably
known among the fraternity ? The
very qualities which have brought a
man into prominence are often those
that are needed in an officer; and to
sneer because sucii men are chosen, in-
stead of some great unknown, shows
poor taste, to say the least. During
the last few years, quite a number of
changes have been made in the offi-
ciary of the National, and I happen to
know that some of them have come
about because good men have become
heartilj' sick of having their motives
impugned by just such sarcastic flings
as the above. If anything goes wrong
with the Association, it is perfectl}'
proper to point it out in a decent, re-
spectable manner, but there is no room
for the chronic, pessimistic calamity
howler.

Caucasian Bees.

It would be well it those who are
thinking of giving these bees a trial,
would exercise a little caution. If you
feel that you must give them a trial,
don't let anj' of their drones fl}', and
thus allow an opportunity for this
blood to become mixed into the apiar}'.

When over at the Ontario convention
held recently in Toronto, Mr. J. B.
Hall told me that he gave the Caucasi-
ans a trial as much as 20 years ago.
He got two nuclei of Julius HofiFman,
who secured them through some gov-
ernment official in Russia. These two

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

371

nuclei cost him $30, and he said he
wished the price had been $S00, and
then he had allovv-ed Mr. Hoffman to
keep tlie bees.

Mr. Hall says that the bees winter
exceedingly well, and that the
claims for their gentleness are not ex-
aggerated, but that they never stored
enough honey to winter on, let alone
any surplus. They always had to be
supplied with winter-stores from other
colonies. Another thing: What little
hone^' they did store was capped in a
peculiar, not to sa\% unsightly manner.
Instead of capping a cell flat, or
slightly convex, as is usually the case,
the capping was concave, or depressed,
leaving- the side-walls standing up in
such a conspicuous manner as to give
the surface of the comb an appearance
greatly resembling a sheet of comb
foundation.

Even after all these years, Mr. Hall
occasionally finds a colony showing
this peculiar manner of capping, indi-
csting that there are still traces of
Caucasian blood mixed in his apiary.
Whenever he finds a colony showing
this trait, off goes the queen's head.

Considering the foregoing, I would
say, if you trj'^ the Caucasian blood,
handle it with caution.

«^^^«R*«

Starting New Bee Journals — a Successful

Bee Journal Must Cover a Wide

Field.

The Apiarist is the name of a new,
24-page monthly bee journal, at one
dollar a year, just started at Waco,
Texas, by C. S. Phillips and B. F.
Huff. It is very neatly gotten up for
a first issue of a journal, and contains
readable, helpful matter. The t3'pe is
rather large for magazine-work, and
the lines extend clear across the page.
I know that this style is followed by a
few magazines, but the shorter lines of
single-column are more easily read.

The Review wishes the new-comer
success, but I trust the editors will

pardon me if I point out one weak
point; the obstacle upon which so many
ventures of this kind have been wrecked.
In the Introductory, I find this sen-
tence: "But there is no bee journal
published in the South; we saw a good
opening for one; no one else would
undertake the task; so we Iiave mus-
tered enough courage and money to
undertake the task." No bee journal
catering to one section of the country
has ever made a success. There are
not enough bee-keepers in any one
State, or in any one section of the
United States, to support a bee
journal. The most successful venture
of this kind was the Rocky Mountain
Bee Journal. It lived three years, and
brought in more money than it cost,
but its editor finally decided that the
same amount of time, energj^ and capi-
tal invested in honey production would
bring in returns ten fold greater than
in publishing a bee journal, and he
sold it to the Western Bee Journal.
The Western Bee Joornal has now-
been absorbed by a syndicate, and I
think it will be no breach of confidence
if I tell that the Rocky Mountain Bee
Journal had less than 500 subscribers
when sold to the Western Bee Journal.
To succeed, the publisher of a bee
journal must make a journal that will
appeal to the needs of the bee-keepers
all over the United States and Canada.
I am calling attention to this point,
not to discourage my Southern breth-
ern, but, rather, to help them, and
show them how to avoid mistakes.

Keeping More Bees Consistency in

Argument.
If I make a mistake, or if I am un-
reasonable, or illogical in m3' argu-
ments, nothing pleases more than to
have some friend point out my error.
For this reason I take pleasure in
placing before my readers a letter from
my old friend Harrj' Lathrop. Here
is the letter: —

372

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE"W

Bridgeport, Wis., Oct. 27, 1905.
Friend Hutchinson:

That picture of comb honey on the
front pag^e of the Review for October,
makes my mouth water; I should not
wonder if it would use a whole lot of
people that waj'. There is something'
about broken, dripping- honey comb
that attracts more than anything- else
in the food line. Your picture is as
near as anything could be to the real
thing- and not be it. I believe chunk
hone}'-, displayed under proper condi-
tions, (protected from dust and Hies)
would make more sales than the fii:est
section honey, which is not near so
suggestive.

W. Z. H., I cannot doubt your motives
but j^our advice does not seem to be
logical nor consistent. On page 309
3'ou acknowledg-e that the short crop of
the present season was a blessing.
Nature having- stepped in and redu ed
the supplj' of hone}', prices will be
sustained, etc.

Witii all of which we agree, and I
wrote you a long- time ago and said,
that nothing- could cure the adverse
conditions but the law of Nature, re-
ducing the crop of bee-keepers or the
crop of honey.

On page 311 you argue and plead
writh bee-keepers to increase their pro-
ducing capacity.

Suppose that all should follow your
advice, which you, of course, would
wish to have them do, what would be
the result ?

General lo^s through low prices, and
a dead market to all engaged in the
business of honey production for profit.
A g-reat many would become disgusted
and quit, losing- all they had invested.
This would certainly occur before con-
d'tions would again become normal.

Yours Truly,

Harry L^throp.

Yes, there is something- part'cularly
attractive and delicious about the cut
edg-es of comb honey — the liquid, drip-
ping- sweetness. One of the lady ex-
hibitors over at Toronto told me that
the supreme moment always came when
the section of honey had been cut, and
was separated and the dripping pieces
laid out before the crowd. Some one
was alwa3's certain to fish up a five
cent piece at that point of the proceed-
ings.

Now then, friend Lathrop, I must
agree with you that it would have a
yery depressing effect upon the honey
market IF (don't lose the point con-
tained in this little word) every bee-
keeper in this land should "keep more
bees," should double, or quadruple his
honey crop. But this thing will never
happen. All of the bee journals in ex-
istence may urge their subscribers to
keep more bees, and onlj' a certain
portion of them will heed the advice.
I will admit that not every man is so
situated as to keep bees in large num-
bees, but I do feel, and feel it strongly,
that many bee-keepers ought to keep
more bees — or else less. I feel that a
man ought to go into bee-keeping as he
would into any other business — as a
business. I would like to see, scattered
over all of this land, where the condi-
tions are suitable, men who are mak-
ing a business of bee-keeping— special-
ists with several apiaries each. It is
possible that honey would be sold at a
lower price, but the men who produce
it would be more prosperous than the
average bee-keeper of the present.
The large number of bees kept, and the
short-cut, wholesale methods employed,
would lower the cjs of production.
There might be more honey produced
than at present, but, if it were produced
by fewer men, they might be more
prosperous than the average bee-keeper
who now mixes bee-keeping with some
other pursuit.

If we increase the crop of honey by
having a small percentage of the ex-
isting bee-keepers "keep more bees,"
the increase in the aggregate will not
be sufficient to greatly lower the price,
and the men who thus double or tribble
their crops will be immense gainers; if
we increase the crop bj' a universally
bountiful yield, the increase is so much
greater that it influences the price.
Even then, the man who produces a big
crop, at a low cost, will come out
ahead of the ordinary bee-keeper.
Then there is another point, and it
must not be overlooked, when a man

IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

373

goes into bee-keeping as a business,
he follows business methods in the
selling as well as in the producing,
which is not often the case with the
ordinary farmer-bee-keeper, who is in-
clined to come to town with his crop
and take what is ofi'ered, or send it to
the city commission man, and so much
accumulates in the great centers that
down go the prices. When there is a
big crop in California, such men as
Mr. Mclntyre hold their honey until
there is a short crop. In Michigan
Mr. E. D. Townsend advertises and
sends out samples, and builds up a
trade that is usually reached only by
jobbers. By systematic methods, Mr.
France and Mr. Ahlers of Wisconsin
sell tons and tons direct to consumers.
And so I might go on. The business
bee-keeper studies marketing as well
as production — the ordinary bee-keeper
has not enough intere t at stake and is
inclined to "dump" his honey in almost
any manner upon any market that will
take it.

So, while it may seem a paradox to
speak of the blessing (?) of a short
crop, in that it puts up prices, and at
the same time urge bee-keepers to
"keep more bees," it will be seen that,
when all the conditions are considered,
it is not unreasonable. One thing is
certain at present, and it is likely to
remain so for all time, and that is that
the man who produces in large quanti-
ties will come out ahead of the one who
produces in small quantities, and
divides up his energies among several
pursuits

ii»>t" .^^^-^wt^

Care of Bees in Winter.
If they are properly prepared for
winter the preceding autumn, given
plenty of good stores, properly pro-
tected out of doors, or placed in a cel-
lar or other repository having the
proper temperature, and precautions
taken against depredation by mice,
bees require almost no care in winter.
No bee-keeper worthy the name will

allow his bees to go into winter quar-
ters short of stores. They ought, at
least, to hive enough to last them until
the first warm days of spring, when
they may be handled upon their sum-
mer stands, and fed if necessary.

However, if by an}' hook, or crook, bees
/lave gone into winter quarters short of
stores, and there are fears that some
of them may be starving, it is better
that they be examined and fed if needed,
even though the task be unpleasant.
There need be no hesitancy in thus
disturbing the bees for fear that it may
do them some injury, for, as a rule, it
will not.

Probably the best method of feeding
a colony of bees in wintei% is to give
them a frame of honey. If no hone^' is
available, and some of the colonies
jjiasf be fed, the best substitute is candy
made from granulated sugar. Put in
sufficient water to dissolve the sugar,
then boil the syrup until it will harden
in cooling. To learn when to remove
the candy from the stove, take out a
spoonful every few minutes, and allow
it to cool. As soon as it begins to
show signs of hardening, draw the
vessel containing it to the back of the
stove, where the heat is less. Watch
it carefully and try it frequently. As
soon as it is sufficiently hard, remove
it from the stove, and pour it into shal-
low dishes to cool. Be careful not to
get it too hard. If it is hard enough to
retain its form when placed over a col-
ony of bees, that is sufficient. A thin
cake of such candy laid directly upon
the frames over a colony of bees and
then the whole top of the hive covered
with a piece of enameled cloth, andtwo
or three thicknesses of old carpet over
that, will enable the bees to "hold the
fort" as long as the candy lasts. If,
for any reason, it is impossible, or un-
desirable, to place the candy in this
manner upon the tops of the frames,
the candy may be "run" directly into
empty brood frames, and the frames
hung in the hives adjoining the bees.

374

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

To fill a frame with candy, lay it upon
a smooth board with a piece of paper
under the frame, and pour in the
candy, after first waiting" for it to cool
until it is as cool as can be, and yet
be made to "run." To keep the frame
down close to the paper, so that the
soft candy will not run out while cool-
ing, tack the frame down with some
nails just long enough to hold the
frame down nicely, but not long enough
to make it difficult of removal. If a
frame full of candy is more than a
colony needs, a less amount may be
given by tacking a crossbar in the
frame, part way up from the bottom,
and filling the upper space only with
candy.

Mice sometimes do some little dam-
age, both to colonics wintered indoors,
and those intheopen air. The damage
is confined principall3' to that of gnaw-
ing the combs. If bee keepers would
only remember that bees can pass
through a space that is less than '4 of
an inch, and that a mouse needs a
space ncarlj' twice this, it would seem
that there need be no trouble in keep-
ing mice out of doors. Simply con-
tract the entrance imtil it is only '4 of
an inch the narrowest way, and no
mice can enter. This should be done
quite early in the fall, as cool, frosty
nights often drive the mice into the
warm retreat to be found inside a bee
hive. When bees are wintered in tlie
cellar, many bee-keepers practice rais-
ing the hive about two inches from the
bottom board ; others remove the bottom
board entirely. This allows plenty of
ventilation with scarely anj' escape of
heat. All dead bees and rubbish drop
drop down away from tlie cluster of
bees, where they dr}' up instead of be-
coining mouldy and rotten from contact
with the warmth and moisture of the
cluster. If a colonj' does die, the combs
are left dry and clean, instead of being
stuck together with a mass of damp,
moldy, rotting bees. All who have
tried raising hives in this manner are

enthusiastic in its praise; but it will
be seen that this plan gives the mice,
if there are any in the cellar, free
access to the hives. The remedy is to
trap the mice, or poison them. For the
latter purpose I have found nothing
better than equal parts of flour, white
sugar and arsenic, mixed, and placed
in shallow dishes in difirerent parts of
the cellar.

Unless the cellar is well underground,
where it is well beyond the influence of
the outside temperature, it is well to
keep watch and not allow the tempera-
ture run too low in protracted cold
spells. A lamp stove, burned all night
in a cellar, will raise the temperature
several degrees. During the fore part
of winter, a low temperature is not so
dangerous as it is towards spring,
when brood rearing may have com-
menced. From 35 to 45 degrees will
answer ver^' well until towards spring,
when it ought not to be allowed to go
below 30 degrees, and may withsafet3'
go as high as 48 or 50 degrees. So
long as the bees remain quiet, I should
not disturb them with artificial heat.
If the cellar becomes too warui in the
spring, before it is time to remove the
bees, it may be cooled down by carry-
ing in ice or snow, or the windows and
doors may be opened at night and
closed in the morning.

Years ago, many bee-keepers prac-
ticed taking their bees from the cellar,
if there came a warm day in the
winter, and allowing them to fl^', re-
turning them again to the cellar, but
this practice has been pretty nearly
abandoned. If the bees are in a quiet
normal condition, it often rouses them
to breeding in mid-winter, which is far
from desirable. Rapid breeding late
in winter, or ver3^ early in the spring,
is decidedly objectionable; nothing so
quickly wears out bees as the rearing
of brood; and the more unfavorable the
conditions, the greater the wear. It is
better that the bees should remain quiet
until warm weather furnishes the most

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

375

favorable conditions for brood rearing",
when the same expenditure of vitality
will produce two bees instead of one.
Therefore, don't allow a warm day or
two in winter to tempt you to the re-
moval of the bees from the cellar.
Wait until the snow is g"one, and there
is occasionally a day warm enough for
bees to fly, then take them out to re-
main permanently. On the other hand,
nothing is g^ained ; and much maybe
lost, by leaving- the bees in the cellar
until late in the spring-. Many claim
superior advantag-es for out-door win-
tering, asserting- that Ihe colonies bnild
up earlier in the spring-. They
won't if the bees are taken from the
cellar early enough; and, certainl}-, it
requires no argument to show that
bees successfully wintered in the cellar
are better able to bear the rough
weather of spring- than bees that have
endured all of the rigors of the entire
winter out of doors. In most of our
Northern States the main honey har-
vest comes early in the season, and to
secure this harvest there must be a
goodl}' number of field workers at the
rig/if time, and the eggs from which
these workers are produced must be
laid several weeks previous to the open-
in,"- of the harvest, hence the element of
tune is nn important factor, and noth-
ing stimulates a colony in a healthy
manner, and sets it to brood rearing,
as does a flight in the open air, even if
nothing is brought in. Hence it will
be seen that early removal from the
cellar gives the bees largely the ad-
vantages of both out-door and in-door
wintering.

There is no danger of the cold in-
juring the bees when they are Jirst re-
moved from the cellar, the trouble
comes from late freezes coming after
two or three weeks of fine weather.
At this time the combs are filled with
brood, the cold drives the bees into a
compact cluster in the center of the
hive, and all of the brood outside of
this perishes. All of this loss may be
avoided by giving the bees some sort of

protection after taking them from the
cellar. Plrst see that each colony has
a queen and plenty of stores, and then
protect it. This spring protection need
not be an elaborate affair. A sheet of
tarred building paper folded down
over the h've, and fastened at the lower
edges b3' tacking on strips of lath, will
answer every purpose, while it costs
only three cents, and can be put in
place in less than five minutes. This
makes a covering that is both wind and
water-proof, and will absorb every
particle of the sun's heat, but, more
important than all this, it will save the
loss of brood and weak colonies if there
comes a "squaw winter" in the month
of May.

If spring protection is so important
that it is advisable to give it after tak-
ing- the bees from the cellar, it may be
asked, why not practice out-door
wintering-, then winter protection will
answer f jr spring, and the expense of
a cellar, and of carrying the bees in
and out, will be avoided ? In the first
place, the saving of stores in cellar
wintering- will pay fur the expense
twice over; and, in the next place, and
of far more importance, it is only by
the cellar method that the wintering of
bees, in a cold dim ite, can ever be
reduced to a perfect system. By a
selection of natural stores, or better
still, b}' using sugar, we can secure
uniformit}' of food, but it is onl}' in the
cellar, or special repository, that uni-
formity of te.nperature, at a desirable
point, can be maintained.

Carrying the bees from the cellar is
not a very agreeable task, and most of
bee-keepers make it worse by attempt-
ing it upon such a warm day as to set
the bees nearl3' crazy the moment the
out-door air strikes them. It comes
into the cellar and sets the bees to fly-
ing, and often there is a general mix-
up in the yard by the bees of one col-
ony joining with those of another in
full flight, and following them into
their hive. To avoid these troubles,
some bee-keepers carry their bees out

376

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

in the nig^ht, when the indications are
that the following day will be fair. If
the bees have zuinteird perfectly kwA are
quiet, all of these annoyances and
losses may be avoided by carrying- out
the bees upon a day so root that the
bees will not thuik of flying. This idea
that bees must fly the moment that they
are taken from the cellar is one of those

old notions that is a notion, and that is
all. If bees have to wait even a week
or two after being- placed upon their
summer stands, before having- a flight,
no harm will come as a result, provid-
ing they have not wintered poorl^s and
are so anxious for a flig-ht as to leave
their hives when the weather is so cool
that they will never return.

THE BEE JOURNALS.

Some Good Reasons Why a Bee-Keeper
Should Read Many of Them.

Gleanings has an editorial on the
above subject, and says almost exactly
what I have had in mind to sa3' for
some little time. The first paragraph
so nearl3' covers the field that I quote
it:

I hold in my hand a very compli-
mentar3' letter from one of our sub-
scribers regarding- the improvements
that have been made in Gleaning-s from
time to time. He thinks it covers the
whole ground so thoroughl}' and so
well that there is no use of his taking
more than one bee journal. While we
appreciate most thoroughly this volun-
tary expression of our correspondent,
I desire to say that I believe he is mis-
taken. If any one keeps bees for the
mone3' he can make out of them, he
ought by all means to take not only one
journal but two or three of them.
Gleanings does not pretend to cover the
whole field of apiculture. The per-
sonal bias of an editor, even though
that bias be unconscious, may cause
him to emphasize certain developments
of bee lore to the total neg-lect of all
others. As I look over our exchanges I
can see fields that thej' are covering
that Gleanings is not; and, conversely,
I can see fields that we are covering
that thev do not.

As a child grows older, it develops
certain traits or peculiarities. It is
the same with the bee journals — I can
see it more clearly as the years go by.

The Review has become most emphati-
cally, the specialist's journal. The
man who is in the business extensively,
finds that no journal caters to his needs
more perfectly. Gleanings has more
of a diversified nature. It touches
upon other things than bee culture —
g-ardening, home-matters, religion, etc.
The American Bee Journal is par excel-
lence when it comes to reporting con-
ventions. It has a department for
ladies, as well as other distinctive
features that might be mentioned. And
so I might go on and enumerate the
characteristics of the different jour-
nals. There is really' no "best" bee
journal, any more than there is a
"best'' breed of fowls.

Then, here is another point: Once
or twice I have sent out 1,000 circulars
to men who have asked for samples of
the Review, and then not subscribed.
I have asked them in these circulars to
say ivhy they had not subscribed.
Various were the reasons given, and
one of them was that the Review was
too high in price compared with
Gleaning-s or the American Bee Jour-
nal. I have several times explained,
that having no supply trade, and ap-
pealing more particularly to the needs
of the specialist, to a limited class, the
Review must, from necessity, be high
in price. Now, here is the point:
After a man has subscribed for the
cheapest bee journal, the one where he
gets the most reading for the least

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

377

money, shall he stop there because
other journals cost more in proportion
to their size? The cheapest journal
may be the most profitable (and it ma}'
not, it depends upon its adaptation to
his needs), but another journal that is
not so cheap may still be profitable. It
is poor business polic\' for a bee-keeper
to limit his reading- to only one journal,
because that journal costs him the least
money for the amount of reading- that
it g-ives. It is impossible to have sev-
eral bee journals of exactly the same
price and the same number of pag-es,
and the same value of information
given. The question for each bee-
keeper to decide is this: Will this par-
ticular bee journal be a profitable in-
vestment ? Will it pay me to take it ?
Ao/, will it pay me as compared with
this or that journal ?

Another reason given for not sub-
scribing- for the Review was that such
or such a bee journal was being taken,
and the expense of another could not be
afforded. So many look upon a bee
journal as a sort of luxury', or an in-
dulg-ence: the same as they would a
story paper, for instance. It is a
wrong view. The reading of the bee

journals may be enjoyable, ought to be
enjoyable, but that is not the primary
object for which they are read. It is
for the information that they contain;
for the help that they can give their
readers; showing them how to manag-e
their bees at greater profit. There is a
profit, a real, tangible, dollar and cent
profit, in the reading of a bee journal
that has any excuse whatever for its
existence. If there is a profit in read-
ing o;/(f bee journal, how illogical for a
man to say he can't afford to read an-
other. When I was keeping- bees, be-
fore I began publishing the Review, I
read all of the bee journals, and found
it profitable to do so. Sometimes one
little item alone was worth dollars and
dollars to me.

The man who is making a specialt}'
of bee-keeping, or keeping- bees in a
small way to make money, should
spend his first, yes, and his last, dollar
for all of the bee journals that are
worth reading. Most of the failures
in bee-keeping come from mis-manag-e-
ment; and the journals point the way
as clearly as it is possible to point it.
A man can't know too much about his
own business.

General Index to Volume XYIII.

INDEX TO SUBJECTS.

A B C of Bee Culture 47

After-Svvarming, How to Prevent 174

Alpaug-h Jacob 270

Apiarian Exhibits at Pairs 244, 29i)

Avocation, Need of a 148

Baby Nucleus System, who Discovered the 17o

Benton tioes to the Philipines, Prank 173

Bee-Brush, Double 82

Beeswax. Rendering- ()9

Beeswax, Tests Reg-arding: the Purity of 48

Black Brood , Experience with 238

Black Brood, Getting Rid of 336

Bottom Board s 305

Brake for an Extractor 101

"Bricks," Selling Candied Honey in 46

Brodbeck Geo. W., Death of 84

Candidates for the National, Some Suggestions

Regarding the 2'j

Caucasian Bees 303

Candidates for Office in the National, Discus-

sinH 177

Card Board Sections §1

Cane Sugar, Inversion of 5(,

California, Keeping- Bees in Large Numbers

,, ,.i"-vv V 1'jV

Candied Honey sold in Bricks" 40

Card System for Keeping Records in tlie

Apiary 204

Californian Keeps Bees in Large Numbers,

How one 931

Central Lake Doty-Case 210

Charitj, have more 2m

Circular to put in Shipping- Cases, a Honey. '. ^78

Cover, taking off a hive -y-jQ

Comb Honey Production in the West .... 271

Comb honey Production 210, 271

Comb Honey Production in the South T. ' 42

Combs in the Spring, Reserve " 277

378

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Cost of Honey Production

Comb Honey Production, a System of

Corrugrated Board under Sections in Shipping-

Cass

Combined System of Honey Production

Cuba, Building up 4,0(10 Colonies of bees in

Definition of Honey

Detector, Holtermann's Queen Cell

Disturbing' bees in Winter not Injur ous

Doty Bee-Suit

Election of Officers for the National

Employ well the Winter Months

Enlarge Your business. Can't yon .

Extractor with Slip-(iearing and brake

Extracted Honey Product ion

Exhibits at Fail's, Apiarian 244,

Extensive bee-keeping, Requiremeni s for

Farmer-Bee-Keepers

Farmers can Keep tees with the help of their

Children ■■

Farmers Keeping bees

Feeding bees in Winter

Finding Queens

Flying Machines

Foretelling a Honey Cro^

Foretelling Swarming 143,

Fou 1 brood In i roduced by Feeding Honey

toui Brood, How to Detect the Dried down..
Foul brood, an Easy. Novel Metho.l of Treat-
ing •

Foul broody Apiary, Prolucing Extracted

Honey in a

Frames, Self-Spacing ■

Glucose sail und-r its true Coloi!-, Making

Good Stock and its Value

(iradmg Rules, Discussion of

Her-hiser ^ on-Swarming Plan

Hiveh and Supers

Hives. Divisible brood Chamber

Honej'-Money Si ories

■ How to Keep bees"

Hoffman Frames li^3,

Holterniai.n"s Queen Cell Detector

Housing of Tools and Appliances at an Out
Apiary

Honey Packages for the Mem^ers of the Na-
tiona 1

House- Apiary, Poor Success in Wintering
bees in a

House- Apiary in the Loft of a barn

Ignorance Regardir g Honey

Indigestibility of Wax

Inspectors of Apiaries the Pay anci Power of..

In vei sion of Cane Sugar.

Introducing Queen- with Tobacco Smoke 174,

Introducing Queens

Increase, Control of

Increase, How to Secure Kai id 84,

Keeping Comb Hi ney ov. r the Winter

Labels, National Honey ■

Largest Bee-Keeper in U. S Manages His
Bees. How the

League, the Honej' Producers' .. 112,115,

Literature for Selling Honey

Marketing Honey 217.

Managing i,000 Colonies of bees in Texas

Manager France to Receive 20 per cent of the
Gross Receipts. . '

Modern bej Farm A

Moore's Queen Rearing Apiaiy

Moving Bees Snort Distances

Moving Bees, necessity of Ventilation in .. .

Missouri Foul Brood Bill is Vetoed

Michigan State Convention . . .10, 47,

Miller's Put-up Plan

Nom de plume, use ot a

Nominations for National Oflicers

Nuclei. Wintering

Observation Hives

Odor of Bees

Old-Time Bee-Keeping

One Man Cares for 13 Apiaries in Minn

Opening the Hives, Finding Queen Cells
Without

Opener, Bee-Hive

279
178

2(jf>
181

:o5

18
170
305
310

85
300
311

101

213

loo
47

248
40
'b
UX
208
5

140
175

20
17
270
152

40

200
200

41

40
305
304
178

1^8
305
300

150
310
15

100
54
174
111
87
153
308
3. '7
151
147
200
203
201

143

82

Out-Apiaries Versus one Large Apiary

Out-Apiaries in Canada, How to Make Money
with

Out- Apiaries, Locating-

Out-Apiaries, help in Poor Season

Out-Apiaries, the Many Sided Problem of

Qut-Yards Some Hints on the Management
of

Overstocking 37,

Pairs Setting Hives in

Packages for Extracted Honey, Beautiful

Poisonous Honey a Myth

Premium List, A Model Apiarian

Price of the Review-

Program for the National Convention

Pranks, Bee

Prizes at the Michigan Convention 47.

Protection for t>ees in Spring

Press, Who Invented the wax

Protecting bees with Tarred Paper

Putting bees in the Cellar Early

Queen Rearing, A Novel Method of

Queen cells without opening thenives. Finding

Queen-Excluding honey Boards

yueeiis Over Winter, Keeping

Raspberry Honey is White honey

Removing bees Irom Combs in the Fall

Red Hot Letter, A

Recreation, Need of

Records in the Apiary, Card System for Keep-
ing

Review its Price and Aims, the

Review, the Making ol the. ..

Review Apiary. Past Present and Future of
the

Schools. Teaching Bee-Keeping in

Scales, of Foul Brood. Hoa- to Detect the Dried
Down

Self Spacing Frames

Seasons Will Come Again, (iood

Selling Extracted Honey by Peddling

Secretaryship of the National

Shook-Swarming, Something that Promises
Better ■ han

Shook-Swarming and^Breedingout theSwarm-
ing Instinct

Shaken Swarms, Keeping up the Strength of. .

Shipping Cases Ought to be Deeper than the
Sections are tall

Sibbald Method, Some Objections to the...lOS.

Sibbald Si stem not Understoud

Sibbald system, the

isibbald Metbod Ahead of Shook-Swarming.. .

Sibbald Article, Some Criticisms on the.. .113,

Slip-(iearing for an Extractor

Smoke Ought to be used with Judgment

Spurges, Honej' from

Specialty is Profitable and Desirable, Some
Reasons why

Specialty Versus Mi-^fed Bee-Keeping. . 15, 83

Specialty will make your Business Keep you
Busy all the Time

Specialty Bee-Keeping as a

Stings Prevented by Uubbiug Vinegar on the
Hands

Siereoptican Entertainment

Starters when Producing Comb Honey, Hiv-
ing Swarms on

Standard for Honey

Sugar Honey Discussion

Sugar Feeding in the Apiary

Swarming Instinct, Breeding out the

Swarming of Bees, Prevention of the

Swarming, Why Re-Queening Prevents

Tarred Paper Protection

Three men Caring lor 1,200 Colonies of Bees. . .

Temperature at which Liquids Boil

Townsend Combined System of Honey Pro-
duction

Toothpicks, for Giving a Taste of Honey,
Wooden

Tobacco Smoke lor Introducing Queens 174,

Uniting Colonies

Ventilation of the Hives Needed inthe Cellar. .

Ventilation in Moving Bees, Necessity of

37

240

7

208

320

239
85
88
296
303
209
49
307
45
81
110
111
327
332
120
143
119
2&9
111
277
212
313

104
49
20

357
10

5

175

271

10

81

208
145
174
148
142.
1.5
101

208
340

146
10

102
308
149
23
43
341
270
3.7
169
273

334
211
208
332
174

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

379

Ventilation of Bee Cellars 311

Visitinff Plan in Vermont. Running Apiaries

on the 266

Weak Swarms in the Sprinsf. Helping- 113

Western Bee Journal is Sold 242

VVeiss, Death of Augr 18

Winter, Feeding- Bees in 335

Wintering Nuclei 151

Wintering- Bees in a House-Apiary. Poor Suc-
cess in 41

Wintering, Indoor 312

INDEX TO CORRESPONDENCE.

Abbott, E. T 56

Alexander, E. W 37, 113, 263

Aikin, K. C 208

Atwater, E. F 102. 271

Bender, C. F 55

Broderick. Thos 120

Coverdale, F 32'»

Crane, J. E 261)

Cyrenius, F. H 143

Dayton, C. W 217

Davenport, C 110

Doolittle, (;. M 2l>i

Facey, M. V 201

France. N. E 5

Gill. M. A 75, 88

(ireiner, F 145, 211

(iulden L. M 43

Hadsell, B. H 23o

Heddon. Jas 238

Hershiser, O. L 152

Horn. J. H 15l

Holtermann, R. F 170

Hummer, (ieo. A 42

Hutchinson. W. Z 102. 190. 205, 357

Hyde. H. H 135

Jackson. Mrs. Geo 100

Kinj-on, Irving 160

Krause. Fred. A 77

Laing A 240

Lathrop. Harry 210

Lhommedieu. D E 230

Mclntyre. J F 1()7

MeEvoy. Wm 142

Mendelson, M. H 232

Miller, Arthur C 23, :04 327

Miller, Dr C. C 153

Niver. S. A 10. 41

Olmstead. C. A ... .. 332

Putnam, W. H 80

Root. L. C 40

Root. F. J 150

Root, E. R 250

Secor. W. G 211

Sibbald. H. G 7J

Smith. R H :;i2

Smith, F. Hopkins 313

Stanley, Grant 340

Stachelhausen, L 6, 108, 183, 3*1

Strohschein F 15, 83

Taylor. R. L 270

Todd. Elmer 140

Townsend. E. D 69,181

Woodward E. C 205

lAf AlUTErn comb honey. State price
■■**"^ * ^*^ andquantitj.

C. H. W. WEBER, Cincinnati, Ohio.

\Alstni^ri comb honey at improved
''■*""'^**J prices. Write us what you
have to offer. Respectfully,

i2-05-2t H. R. WRIGHT. Albany, N. Y.

HONEY WANTED— State kind and lowest
price. Address,

CHAS. KOEPPEN,

Fredericksburg, -Va.

lAfgn^AfJa Fancy white comb honey in

*^ *^*'" non-drip shipping cases, also
white clover honey in cans and barrels Please
send samples and state yourlowei^t price deliver-
ed here. We ray spot cash upon receipt ot
goods. GRIGGS BROS., Toledo, Ohio

UfMnfAfla a permanent position wath a
*******^**" successful bee-keeper. I un-
derstand bee-keepitip; fairly well, like the work,
and am very anxious to get' in with a good man
in a good locality. I am a young married man
used to work, do not drink, \ise tobacco nor
swear. T. N. FOSTER,

12 05-'t Singer, Va.

Fa^sm for ^aleo

I have three boys man-grown, and,
for that reason, I wish to sell my farm
and g-o into Northern Michigan where
wild land is cheap, that we may all
secure farms near together. The farm
that I wish to sell is located eight miles
east of Vassar, Tuscola County, Mich-
igan. It consists of 40 acres, 30 of
which are cleared. It is well-fenced
and well-drained. There is a small
orchard, stables for the horses and
cows, and a small story and a half
house. The soil is a dark sandy loam,
and can't bebeaten for rai sing potatoes,
corn, hay. I)uckvvheat,, etc. There is
rural mail delivery, school '4 of a mile
distant, and railroad station only two
miles away. The location is a good
one for honey. From twenty colonies,
last year, I secured 120 pounds of ex-
tracted honey per colony. I oflFer this
farm for only S600; two-thirds down,
and bal. on long time if desired. Would
accept bees in part payment if the.y were
not too faraway. For further particu-
lars address,

P:LMER HUTCHINSON,

Vassar, Mich.
Reference, Editor of Acview.

HONEY QUEENS

IvAWS' iTAU.\N and HOI.Y I^.\ND QUEENS.
Plenty f.f fine queens of the best strains on earth
and with these lam catering to a satisfie 1 trade.
Are you in it? Or are you interested.

Laws' Leather and Golden Italians,
Laws' Holy Lands.

These three, no more. The following prices
are as low as consisient with good queens. Un-
tested, 90c; per dozen, $800; tested Ji.oo; per
dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either
race, $3.00 each.

W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex.

380

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

JHOr^EY JARS.

The No. 25 Honey Jar, Porcelain Cover, Metal Screw Cap, abso-
lutely tight, holding' one pound of Honey, in shipping- cases of one
Gross each.

1 gross lots
5 gross lots

$4.50 per gross
$4.00 per gross

Also in strong-

RE-SHIPFING

CASES

of two dozen each, with heavy corrug-ated partitions, sides, and bot-
tom— a perfect protection.

1 case lots

5 case lots

1 0 case lots

$1.00 per case
.95 per case
.90 per case

F. O. B. New York — Prompt shipment on receipt of order.

tumi5L]i:rs

Eig-ht-ounce Tumblers, tin caps, three dozen in re-shipping case.

5 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .85 cts,
1 0 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .80 cts.
20 case lots, per case of 3 doz., .75 cts.

HILDRETII & SEGEEKEIV

265-267 Greenwich St.

And 82-84 Murray St.

Money Saved is Money Made.

Bee supplies bought now are subject to a generous
discount from our regular low prices. We do this to
keep our factory busy. Send us a list of what you
need; we will make you a price bj' return mail that
will convince you.

If you want a catalogue that is more than a price
list — that contains valuable information on bee-keep-
ing you must hurry to have your name placed on our
mailing list. Only a limited number will be printed.
It's free, of course.

DOLL'S BEE SUPPLY MFG. CO.,
Power BIdg. Minneapolis, Minn.

vyvt
•m
It

^/

m

m
m
m

m

§%

m

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

381

\l/

\l/
\^/
il/

il/
\l/

(1/

Root's Goods zit
Root's Prices

POlJDER'S Honey Jars and
everything \ised by Bee-Keepers.

l,arge and complete stock on hand
at ail times. I^ow freight rates.

Prompt Ser\nce. Catalog sent free.

Walter S. Pou«acr

513-515 Mass. Ave.
INDIANAPOI.IS, IND.

\^/
\^/

il/

Dittmer's Foundation

The Best Made

Retail, Wholesale and Jobbing.
Owes its repntat'on entirely to its mer-
its and onr persistent efforts to make
the best and Keep it the Best

It is tough, clear and perfectly
transparent, has the natural sweet
odor of pure wax, and the color of
the brightest and lightest lemon and
orange .

We make a specialty of Working
wax into Foundation for Cash, b\ the
tens, huud'eds, and thousands of
pounds, aud we are iu the best shape
to attend to all orders promptly, onr
capacity being i.soo pounds I'aily

Full and c miplete bne of supplies,
and the Best only.

Do not tail to wrile for samples of
our foundation, descriptive catalog,
prices and discounts, stating (juan' ily
of foundation wanted, wax worked
and list of other supplies, and prices
will be accordiugl3^ Beeswax want-
ed.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Sole

Agents in Canada.
The Bee & Honey Co , Beeville, Tex.

Agents for Tex

E H Taylor, Welwyn, Herts, Ivng-

land, Agents for Great Britain.

W. D. Soper, Jackson, Michigan,

Agent for Michigan.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

il/

\l/
i)/

\l/
ill

\l/
iHf
\^/

\l/

Send for

J 905
Catalog.

Beeswax

wanted

We have a complete stock of
Root^s goods. Let us quote
you prices. We want to know
every bee-keeper in Michigan.
M. H. Hunt & Son,

Bell Branch, Mich

Jobbers for The Root Co. in Mich.

The Danz.

Hive — The

Comb Honey

Hive.
Send for

Booklet.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

New Catalogue Lower Pries

Modern Machinery Better Goods

We are Manufacturers

MONDENG MF'G. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
4-oi-'-t 147-MQ Cedar Lake Road

P^OOT'S BEE«SUPPLiIES
{ROOT'S PP^ICES

6-04-tf Send for Catalog

COOLEY &:DEUEL, Kendall, Mich

PAPER CUTTER

FOR SALE.

A man living near here, and having a small
job printing office, has consolidated his office.
With mine, and is putting in a cylinder press
we both had a paper cutter, aud, as we have no
use for both of them, one will be sold at a sacri-
fice. Mine is a 24-inch cutter, and has a new
knife lor which I paid $10.00 last spring, yet
$25.00 will take the machine. A photograpli and
description of the machine will be sent on ap-
plication. This new man will have no connec-
tion whatever with the Review — simply with the
job work. The presswork for the Review will
be done on the new press.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON Flint, Mich

382

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ADVANCED

Typographical Beauty.

During the past year, Advanced Bee
Culture has been re-written, enlarg'ed.
and beautifully printed in large, clear
type, upon heavy, enameled paper.

It is lavishly illustrated with beauti-
ful, half-tone engravings, most of them
full page, and it is no exaggeration to
say that more perfect, artistic, bee-
keepini; pictures have never before been
published.

The book is substantially bound in
cloth of a soft gre^' color, and, from
the lower opening in the letter "B" of
the title in gold letters on the front
cover, depends a green vine of clo\er,
with a bee in gold sipping nectar from
one of the dainty, wliite blossoms.
Diversified Experiences.

More important, hov ever, is the
simplicit\' and freshness, the inspira-
tion and real helpfulness of its contents.
It may have an egotistical sound, but I
think it is entirely proper to mention
the experience of which this book is
the result.

For 15 years I was a practical bee-
keeper, making mjf living in the apiary,
producing tons of both comb and ex-
tracted hone}', rearing and selling
thousands of queens, reading all of the
bee books and journals, attending
nearly all of the conventions and fairs,
visiting bee-keepers, etc.

Then I began publishing the Review;
still attending fairs and conventions;
still visiting bee-keepers more than
ever — going from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, and from Canada and Min-
nesota to the Southern States.

In publishing the Review, and read-
ing all of the other journals and books,
the views and experiences of the best
and most progressive bee-keepers have
been constantly before my eyes. Ad-

vanced Bee Culture is the cream of all
this experience. After a thorough and
careful consideration of the views of
the best men, in the light of my own
experience as a bee keeper, I have de-
scribed, in plain, simple, concise lan-
guage, what I believe to be the most
advanced methods of managing an
apiary, for profit, from the opening of
the season to the end of the year.

It is impossible in the space at com-
mand to go into details regarding the
subjects treated; but I will very briefly
mention about half a dozen, simply as
samples.

Good Stock

Is second onl}' in importance to a good
location, and Advanced Bee Culture
points out the characteristics of the dif-
ferent varieties of bees, their adapt-
ability to different locations, and then
shows how, having secured the best
strain of the most suitable variety, to
go on and actually i)iiprove this stock.

Choice of a Hive

Must come early in every bee-keepers'
life, and Advanced Bee Culture shows
why a large hive is desirable for some
localities and purposes, and a small
one for other locations and uses, giving
reisons why, thus assisting the reader
to choose intelligently.

Sections

And their adjustment on the hives are
often puzzling matters, and Advanced
Bee Culture considers the different
styles, and sizes of sections, different
styles of separators, as well as the dif-
ferent kinds of supers, giving reasons
for a choice of each.

Comb Foundation

Is often used at a profit, but not always,
and Advanced Bee Culture tells when

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

383

BEE CULTURE

aud how to use it at a profit, and when
it is more profitalile to allow the bees
to build their own combs unaided, and
it gives the reasons-

Comb Honey

And its production interest the practi-
cal bee-keeper more than anything^ else
connected with his business; and there
is one chapter in Advanced Bee Culture,
that comes in after the discussion of
localit3% varieties of bees, hives, su-
pers, sections, increase, feeding-, comb
foundation, etc., in which this subject
is taken up from the beg-inninj,'- of the
season, and the whole ground gone
over briefl}', showing the relation of
these different features to one another,
as they are emyloyed in the production
of comb honey.

Extracte Honey

Production possess an interest almost
equal to that of comb honey produc-
tion, and Advanced Bee Culture has a
chapter telling how to produce a thick,
heavy, well-ripened article with the
least expenditure of capital and labor,
and how to so treat the product as to
preserve its rich, delicious aroma.

Marketing

Of honey is fully as important as its
production. To raise a good crop is
one thing; to sell it at a good price is
another. To bend every energy to
the accomplishment of the former, and
then neglect the latter, is a mistake.
Whether it is advisable to develop the
home-market, and, if so, how it shall
be done; whether the honey shall be
sent to a distant market, and, if so,
when, and which one; whether it shall
be peddled, and how-— these, and many
other points, are considered in Ad-
vanced Bee Culture.

Foul Brood

Receives most comprehensive treat-
ment. With the descriptions, illustra-
tions and instructions given; it seems
as though one who had never seen foul
brood could detect it, and rid an apiary
of it without serious loss.

Winter-Losses
are not always the result of the same
causes. They may come from starva-
tion; from poor food; from improper
preparations; from imperfect protec-
tion; from a cold, wet, or, possibly, a
poorly ventilated cellar, etc. Success-
ful wintering comes from a proper com-
bination of the different conditions.
For clear, concise, comprehensive con-
clusions upon these all-important sub-
jects, read the last few chapters of
Advanced Bse Culture.

Commercial Bee-Keeping.

But there is not room to touch upon
any more vioints. While ei'ery class of
bee-keepers will find much, very much,
of interest in the book, it is only fair
to state that the spirit of commercialism
prevades it from cover to cover. The
leading idea kept in mind is that of
keeping bees as a business, and making
money out of them, and the bee-keeper
who keeps bees with that end in view,
simply cannot afford not to read Ad-
vanced Bee Culture.

The Price

Is $1.20 postage paid; or the Review
will be sent one year together with a
copy of the book, for only $2.00.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
Flint, Mich.

P S.— The book is entirely off the press, and in
the hands of the binder, and will bd ready for de-
livery now in a few days.

384

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE^W

% Prosperity, Happiness, Independence p

^W Are all Yours in dC

^ Michigan and its Famous Fruit Belt Region ^

55 Now is Time JJ^

"^E To come to Michigan and investigate its climate and soil; inspect the abundant crops J^^

^S of fruit, grain and vegetaliles; and select a home in a State B^

^JJ where "failure" is unknown. 2^

^ Special Low Round Trip Rates mC

^S are now being offered to Home Seekers desiring to visit the following points in the 0^

J?* I.,ower Peninsula of Michigan: 2-^

Au Sable
Beaverion
Branch
Brethren

Cadillac
Gladwin
Kaleva
Lewiston

Oscoda
Manistee
Roscommon
St. Helens

Stratford
Twining
Walhalla
West Branch

Tickets on sale October 17 and 3r, November 7 and 21, and December 5, 1905.

L,imited to Fifteen Days for return

Apply to your local Ticket Agent for Rates and General Information

MICHIGAN COLONIZATION BUREAU,

^ Manistee, Michigan* ^_

\mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm0

PAXEINX, BINGHAM SMOKEIRS. 24

VEiARS -the: BEISX

F

CATALOG FREIE:

BINGHAM, FARWEILL, MICH.

Special Sale on
HIVES AND SECTIONS

Until March I5th. Eig-ht-frame, Dove-
tail Hives, lYz story. Si. 25; 10-frame,
$1.40; No. 1 bee-wav sections, $3.90;
No. 2, $3.40; 24 lb. " Shipping--Cases,
13c; Foundation, Smolders, etc., cheap.
Michig-ant Ag-ent for Ditmer's new
process foundation, wholesale and
retail.

Send for 24-pag-e catalog^ue, free.

W. D. SOPER,

F. R. D. 3 JACKSON, MICH.

43Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

—If you are going to —

RtlY A BUZZ-SAW,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
uew Rarnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling yon the price at
■which he would sell it.

American

BEE

Journal

All about Beps.

6-page Weekly.

Sample Free, f 1

a year; 3 months'

Trial Trip, 20c. .silver or stampa.

Best writers. Oldest bee-paner;

illustrated. Dept's for beginners

and for women bee-keepers.

GEORGE W.YORK&CO.
334 Dearborn 5treet, CHICAGO. ILL.

Honey (Juotations

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted 1 3' the North Ameiican B-e-K.eepers'
Association, at the Washington meeling, and, so
far as possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy— All sections to be well filled; combs
straittht, of even thickness, and tirnily attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. I.— All sections- well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white,"
"No. I, dark," etc.

The prices given in the following quotations
are those at which the dealers sell to the gro-
cers. From these prices must be deducted
freight, cartage and commission — the balance
being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten

ger cent ; except that a few dealers charge only
ve per cent, when a shipment sells for as much
as one hundred dollars.

BUFFAIvO— Really fancy honey is selling well
and receipts are modeiate. Other grades move
fairly well We advise moderate shipments of
all grades. We quote as follows: Fancy white,
[13 to 14c; No. I white, 11 to 12c; fancy amber,
9 to toe; No. I amber g to loc; fancy dark 9
and 10; No. i dark, 8 to 9c; white extiacted, 7 to
8c; amber extracted, 6 to 7c; dark extracted, 6 to
7c. Beeswax 28 to 32c.

BATTERSON & CO.,
Dec. 6, 1905. Buffalo. N. Y.

NEW YORK.— IMie demand for comb honey
continues to be fair for all grades. Prices re-
main proctically the same. We quote fancy
white at 14 to 15c per lb,. No. 1, at 13c; No. 2 at
I2C and buckwheat at loc per lb Extracted
honey is in good demand, especially California,
with large supplies. We quote white at 6'^ to 7c,
light amber at 6c; buckwheat extracted at ^'A to
6c per lb. Southern at 50 to 6 )c per gallon, ac-
cording to quality. Beeswax, film and steady at
29c to 30C per lb.

HII,DRETH &SEGEI.KEN,

82-86 Murray St,
Dec. 7, 1905. New York.

CINCINNATI— Reports from different parts of
the country give evidence of an almost total
failure in the comb honey crop excepting some
points in the North. We are selling this
Northern comb honey, at from 14 to i6c per lb.
by the case.

The demand extracted honey is about equal to
the receipts, which are good. We continue to
sell amber in barrels at 5}{ to 6c. White clover
at6'4to75^c For beeswax, we are paying 30c
per lb. cash, delivered here.

(We wish to call the attention of the producer
to the above quotations on honey. He must not
expect to receive these prices on his product.
The above are our selling prices.)

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Oct. 6, 05. 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

K\MSiS CITV— The honey market is dull
here on occount of being well supplied with
California honey. Fancy white, 24 section comb
houev is selling here for 53.25 per case; amber,
and other grades 2.sc lower. There is a fair de-
mand for extracted at 6c and 9^c. Beeswax is
selling at 25c.

C C. CI,EMONS&CO,.
Dec. 7,1905 Kansas City, Mo.

KANSAS CITY— Market well supplied with
honey, b' th comb andextractcd; movement slow
especially on extracted. We quote as follows:
Fancy white, i3'/2c; No. i white 12c to 13c; fancy
amber 12c; white, extracted 6c to 6^c; amber, 6c;
beeswax 20 to 25c.

WA1,KER-BREWSTER GROCER CO.,
Dec. 8, 1905 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo.

CHICAGO— The trade in best grades of white
comb honey has been fair, yet, retailers take
only small quantities at a time. This honey
brings 14c to nc, other grades are difficult to
place at from ic to 3c per lb. le«s. Extracted,
selling at 7c to 7!-i2C per lb. for white, amber, 6%c
to 7c, dark '■6y^c to 6. Beeswax, 30c.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
Dec. 6, 1905 199 So. Water St.

TOLEDO — The maket on comb honey at this
writing remains quiet and firm, but the receipts
are n,,t quite equal to the demand We quote
fancy white at 15c, No. i, 14c, with little demand
for amber.

Extracted white clover in barrels, is in good
demand at 6Kc, to 6Kc cans 7c to 7^c. Amber
extracted in good demand, at 5c to 5^c.

Beeswax 2Sc and 30c.

For the benefit of bee-keepers, will state, that
the above are our selling prices.

GRIGGS BROTHERS,
Dec. 7, '05 Toledo, Ohio,

CHICAGO— Trade on comb honey up to a week
ago has been veay satisfactory. We don't look
for a very heavy trade until after the first of the
year, as jobbers are aiming to reduce their stocks
in order to take inventory on Jan. ist.

Our stock here at pre'sent time is not very
large and we can handle any honey still in pro-
ducers hands at satisfactory prices.

Drop us a line and tell us what you have to offer
in comb or extracted. We quote as follows:
Fancy while, 15c; No. i while, 13c to 14c; No. i
amber, iic to 12c; white, extracted, 6 to 7c; amber,
5C to 6c. Beeswax 28 to 30c.

S. T. FISH &CO.,

189 South Water St.
Dec. 7, 1905 Chicago, 111.

If You Want the Best

Dovetailed Bee Hive with a cor-
ner that will not give way to
sun or rain, you can gfet it of
the Wood Bee Hive and Box Co ,
Lan.sinsr, Mich.,forS1.2S. They
are a bargain you cannot well
overlook. They are 154 story for
comb honey, usins 4% beeway
sections, no separators, sections
nor fd'n. We make them and
know they are just what wesay.
All kinds of supplies man'f'd
and for sale. Wax made up for
ca'-h. or exchancre foundation for
wa.x. Send for circular and ask
for our little book on Italian and
Caucasian queens which will be on about Jan. 1st.

The Wood Bee=Hive & Box Co.

Lansing, Mich»

For 1906

Our Hives

and
Sections.

The Root

Automatic

Extractors.

Our Bees

and
Queens.

Our

Catalog
for 1906.

Gleanings
ijn_Bee 1
Culture.

Our hives and equipment, both of workmanship and clearness of
stock, cannot be excelled and we doubt if they Iiave ever been equalled.
The Rroot brand in always popular with the customer and alwaj^s
the best that money can produce.

Our sections and frames for 1906 are even better than ever.
They are inspected and re-inspected again and each inspector is re-
quired to put in each box of sections that he passes upon his own in-
spector's card so that if complaint is made this card will come back
on him. As he is anxious to hold his position and if possible get an
increase in pay, it is clearly to his interest as v;eU as that of the
custoxher to let nothing but perfect goods pass.

In the matter of improvement it is generallj' conceded that we
are the leaders. We are constantly testing out ever}' new device in
our own yards and when it has stood the test we place it before the
public.

Our extractors for 1906 in point of improvements a.nd qualitj' of
workmanship leaves ever3'thing else in the shade. The four, six
and eight frame machines have the finest automatic reversing mech-
anism that has ever been put into a machine. Even the two frame
models can have the reversing mechanism put on at a slight addi-
tional cost; but we do not ordinarily advise buying the two frame
automatic. Steel construction has been substituted for cast iron
whenever practicable.

We are running at Medina and vicinity five queen rearing yards,
at other points three more. We are prepared to furnish our cele-
brated Red Clover stock, a stock that won a splendid reputation for
gathering honey from any source. We are also prepared to furnish
bees in nuclei and full colonies.

A great improvement. Entirely' rewritten and revised. New
arts. New cover. Everything is classified and indexed. No more
price-tables to confuse. All prices are right under the article illus-
trated or desribed. Beginning Dec. 15 our presses will be busy day
and nigbt for three solid weeks printing the first edition. If
you wish a cop3' of this edition let us have your name now.

Our December 15th issue makes a new era in Bee-Keeping liter-
ature. It is a genuine first-class magazine. During 1906 this high
standard will be kept up. Gleanings gives its readers and adver-
tisers full measure, pressed down and running over. It's only
$1.00 a year. Six months' trial 25c. You will find it listed in all
principal club lists. Better subscribe now and get a cop3' of our
magnificent Christmas issue.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., medina, ohio

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