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1895 v.£

Jan., 1895,

At Flirjt, Micl^igaq.— Oqe Dollar a Year.

THE BEi^-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ADVEt^TISIflG {^ATES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On XO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal ( 1.00)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)

Apiculturist ( .75)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 1.30.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy. — All sections to be well filTed ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark," etc.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Honey market is quiet as
weather is colder. Stocks are not large, but the
trade from now on will be a " piecing out " de-
mand. Demand for extracted honey is improv-
ing. Beeswax scarce. We quote as follows :
Fancy white, 14 to If) ; No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ; fancy
amber, 12 to 13; No. 1 amber, 10 to 11 ; fancy
dark, 10 to 11 ; No. 1 dark, 9 to 10 ; white, ex-
tracted, 6)^ to 7 ; amber, extracted, 6 to 6i^ ;
dark, extracted, 5 to 5^^.

H. R WRIGHT,

Dec. 1. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

CHICAGO, lU. — Shipments of comb honey
should be made now or not until the latter part
of January, as, after the Christmas time, honey
is of slow sale for some weeks. We quote as
follows : Fancy white, 15 ; No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ;
fancy amber, 11 to 12 ; fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. I
dark, 8 to 9 ; white, extracted, 6J4 to 7 ; am ber,
extracted, 6 to 6^; dark, extracted, 5. Bees-
wax, 27 to 28.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Dec. 1. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO 111.— Sales on honey of all grades
have been very slow the last week and will con-
tinue so we expect until the middle of Jannarj-.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15: No. 1
white, 14 ; fancy amber, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 amber, 13 ;
white, extracted, 7. Beeswax, 27.

J. A. LAMON.

Dec, 24. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as foUows :
No. 1 white, 14 to 15; No. 1 amber, 12 to 13: No.
1 dark, lO to 11; white, extracted, 6>^: amber,
extracted, 5 to 6 ; dark, extracted, 4i^to 5. Bees-
wax, 22 to 25.

C. C. CLEMONS CO.,

Jan. 21. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— Trade is very slow with a
liberal stock in market, and very little is doing
except moderate sales of fancy. We quote ati
follows: Fancy white, 13 to 14; No. 1 white, 12
to 12)^ ; fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. 1 dark, 8 to 9;
white, extracted, 6 to 7 ; dark, extracted, 4 to 5.
BATTERSON & CO.,

Jan. 21. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— Our market quota-
tions to-day are very discouraging. Prices are
very low and our people seem to be buying very
light. There can be no encouragement offered
for immediate shipments. However, we feel
confident that the spring will bring better re-
sults. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 16 to
17 ; No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; fancy amber, 13 to ISVa ;
No. 1 amber, 12 to 12i^; fancy dark, 11; No. 1
dark, 10 ; white extracted, 7 ; amber, extracted,
6; dark, extracted i]4.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Jan. 22.

NEW YORK, N. Y.-The demand for comb
honey is very light. The market is well stocked
and in order 1o move it in round lots, it will be
necessary to make liberal concessions from rul-
ing quotation.'*. We have nothing new to report
in extracted. The supply is large and demand
limited. Beeswax is in good demand. We
quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13; No. 1
white, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 10 to 11 ; fancy
dark 9 to 10; No. 1 dark, 9; white, extracted, 6
to 6;^; amber, extracted, 5i^ to 6; dark, ex-
tracted, 5 to bis Beeswax, 31 to 32.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Jan. 21 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

RUBBER STUMPS rSairr-

Norwalk Rubber Stamp Works, Norwalk, 0.

GLOVER SEED

Largest growers of (iriiits and t'lover sSeeds in

America. 5U(iO acres. Our Grass Mixtures last a
lifetime. Me.idows sown in April will give a rousing
crop in July. Prices dirt cheap. Mammoth farm seed
catalogue and .■sample of Gr.iss Mixture, tree for 7c.
postage. JOHN A. SALZCR SEEu UC.La urosse.Wis.

f?-/-P->A-A/-S

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

WlflTKH L.OSSES

Are not always the result of the same cause. They
may come from starvation ; from poor food ; from
improper preparations; from imperfect protection; from
a cold, wet, or, possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar ;
etc., etc. Successful wintering- comes from a proper
combination of different conditions. For clear, con-
cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all - im-
portant points, consult "Advanced Bee Culture."
Five of its thirty - two chapters treat as many diflerent
phases of the wintering- problem.

Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one vear and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W, Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, ^ich.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles aud sizes, made by ('. W.
Costellow. and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

"If you are ffoing to —

Muth's :

BUY A BtlZZ-SAW,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would bo glad to
make you happy by tolling you tlio jirice at
which he would f clJ it.

lONEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Cold.Blast Smokers
Squa.re eiziss Hopcy J^r^, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

1-94-tf. Plen.t" Mention the R'uieu:

EE SUPPLIES!

V Send for free copy of H.i:,XJ8TR ATED

'CATAL,OGtTE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. 6. Newman, U7 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

Please Cut Out

riiis whole Advt.
»ign, and JTIail.

8^" Please send me
I he Aineriian Bee Journal
each week for Three
•Months. At the end
of \ hat time 1 will re-
mit $1.00 fori year's
subscription, or 25c.
i'l case I decide to
d 5;'ontinue.

To tiie PuhfoiiHs (.!■ Aiiipi-ion i{j;e Journal,

56 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, ILI..

Xitme

P. O.

State

4 THE BEEKEEPERS' REVIEW.

OUR 1895 CATALOG

Is now out with a new cover and an eleg^ant engraved front-cover
desig-n. It has been eniirely re-arrang-ed, larg^ely re-written, and,
besides a lot of new eng-raving-s, is packed full of useful information
on bees, so that it is now more than ever a unique

TEXT BOOK ON
@ ^ ^ f=-REE rOR THE ASKING.

The assortment of supplies has been carefully selected, so that
now we oiler only what are the latest and most practicable and use-
ful appliances - all the "old styles" being- eliminated. Our new
machinery and g-eneral enlarg-ements enable us to make the most and
best g-oods we ever turned out. Send your name on a postal, and
find out all about what we are doing.

The A. I. ROOT Co., Medina, Ohio.

SOUTHERN HOME if¥farB«:

Where you c;ui buy queens as good as the best,
either from an imported or a Golden Italian
mother; guaranteed to be free from paralysis,
at 75 cents each, 6, St 00 ; 12, $7.50. Tested, $1.00
each : 6, $.i.' 0 ; 12, $9.00. After June If-t. 50 cents
each for untested ; 6, $2..5l); 12, $4.00. Tested, 75
cents each ; 0, If4.ii0; 12. $7.50. Good breeders
$2.00 each. Straight five banded or " faultless "
queens, $2..50 e .ch. Bees by the pound, 75 cents
a pound. All our golden, tested qae'ins produc
five-banded workers. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Descriptive circular free. Address

HUF8TBULER BROS..
l-95-9t. Clarksville, Texas.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FO[JND/;TIOM

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Tliiii, Flat - Bottoiii FoiiiKlaiioi!

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Hning flic olcninest. it, is u.sually
worked quicker than'a.iy fdn. iiiadr.
.1. \ ,V>f DKIJSKN & SO.NS,
(SOLK MANUFAOTUIIKHS),

;i-itO-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. ('o.,N-y

rmi CATAIOBUE, elLrnTtielX" td

best stnci; in Ohio, will bo sent free 1o every
reader of tiiis papi-ron application. Prices low.
W. N. SGARFF,
1 95 -^t. New Carlisle, Ohio.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

or BEE HIVES. SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THC NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM.

194-121. RIVER PALLS. WIS.

If You Wish Neat Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

MONEY RETURNED '".'H • 'yi"s porter bee escapes

ivnyi-ni-i IIL-I *-' I^ IN L-L-' not satisfied after testing them. Piomineiit
l.o(. -<(•,. pors .■V(.ry\yh.;jc use and highly reeoiniMCiid them as the best. No otliers received a
World s Hair .'I, ward. Testimonials, etc., free. Prices: Kacli. postiiaid witli dirertit)ns. •,'() cts.;
per doz., it3.2a. Order from your dealer, or the mnf IS., R.&E C PORTER lEWiSTO'VN ILL

Tb

e (i>ee-

eepeps fvevieoLi

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$1,00 A YEAR,
¥. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL, VII

FLINT, MiCHiGAN, JAN, 10. 1895.

NO,

Work at IVdIicliigan's

Experimental

Apiary.

U. L. TAYLOR, APIARIST.

[Read at the Michitran State Convention.]

Q'INCE this As-
)■£) fiociationa
year ago saw fit
to aiipoint a com-
mittee to assist
in directing the
apicultnral work
of the station it
is fitting, if not
to be expected,
that I should
make at this an-
nual meeting
something of a report of the operations in
tliis line under my charge.

It is with serious regret that I have to re-
port that the character of the sea-on has
been such as to greatly interfere with the
making of many of the experiments pro-
jected and in several cases prevented their
execution altogether. Of this latter class
were all those that depended upon a consid-
erable amount of swarming, such a-s the
comparison of the amount of work diiio by
natural swarms with that done by made
swarms, tlie co nparisou of the sidvantages
of comb fouaJdtioa aud starters in hives

used for the reception of new swarms and
the trial of hivers and non-swarmers. The
experiment for the comparison of starters,
foundation and comb, was made in the sea-
son of 1893, but for several reasons besides
the one that no single experiment in such
matters should ever be taken as final, I
greatly desired to repeat it under a set of
circumstances that experience and further
thought have suggested, such as to give
promise of something more nearly approach-
ing a crucial test. The impossibility of
carrying out the intended comparison of
natural with made swarms, was a disap-
pointment, as the comparison seems to give
promise of sometliiug of much value to
many in the management of an apiary.

There was some swarming in the apiary,
but not sufficient to furnish swarms that
could fairly be compared, since intelligent
work requires the issuing of several swarms
at or about the same time : besides this the
nectar was so exceedingly light that the ex-
periment, even if swarms could have been
had, would have been rendered abortive.
Some of the experiments which were actu-
ally carried out would no doubt have yielded
results of greater value had the season been
more favorable in the particulars here re-
ferred to.

The first new work that engaged my at-
tention at the opening of spring was experi-
ments designed to test the value of stimula-
tive feeding aud the value of special protec-
tion iu spring. A most thorough and com-
prehensive experiment was planned and car

Kc.

xo^

JHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ried out with the purpose of getting some
rdsults if possible that might serve to clear
up the rayste-y that seems to envelop these
fiubjecti=. Abont seventy colonies were taken
and as the two exi)eriments conltl bo made
on the same set of colonies without any sort
of interference, there were practically about
seventy colonies used in making the experi-
ment upon each of the two matters referred
to. A large proportion of the colonies were
carefully packed with sawdust on tlieir re-
moval from the cellar and a portion, both of
packed and the unpacked, was regularly fed
during the settled weather of spring when
there was no nectar to be gathered, up to the
time of white clover bloom. The most care-
ful efforts were made to know at the outset
the weight and numerical strength of each
colony included iu the experiment and to
note the rate of increase in each of these par-
ticulars from time to time as the exegencies
of the experiments seemed to require up to
the end of the clover and basswood houey
season. This course gave data from which
it seemed to be mathematically demon-
strated that for that season the advantage of
stimulative feeding was very slight, I might
say trifling, while the sawdust packing was a
very serious disadvantage.

An experiment was made which I deemed
of considerable importance to determine
whether foundation can be made from foul
broody combs by the use of such a low de-
gree of heat as to leave the foundation still
infected with foul brood germs and so the
possible means of conveying the diseafe to
healthy colonies. The highest degree of
heat to which the wax was subjected in any
part of the process of rendering and sheet-
ing it was 180'' F. and that was for a compar-
atively short time during the rendering of
the wax in a solar extractor, so that only a
small proportion of it at any time could have
felt that degree of temperature and much of
it was at no time warmer than IGO F. Tlio
result was that in each of the two colonies
furnished with this foundation one cell of
unmistakable foul broody matter was found
though it seemed to differ somewhat in ap-
pearance from that having the usual malig-
nant character. The foundation was not
completely drawn out and will be carefully
watched for further developments.

The more important of the other t^xi)eri-
ments so far made, were those by which an
attempt was made to test the qualities of
dififerent makes of foundation designed for

use in sections for comb houey. One test
was for the purpose of determining the com-
parative readiness and rapidity with which
the beas did their work on each kind : and
one was to determine the comparative thin-
ness to which the bees would work the septa
of each kind. All these experiments were
successfully and sati^factorilly made.
Others of les=^ importance it is unuessary to
mention here.

An earnest effort is making during the
present winter to throw if possible some
light on the questions which arise relating
to the wintering of bees in cellars. The
question relating to the effect of moisture
on the wintering of bees is given promin-
ence. A number of colonies are placed to •
gether and are kept enveloped in cloth con-
tinually saturated with water and some col-
onies are given plenty of upward ventilation
while others have none at all. If moisture
has such a deleterious influence on the win-
tering of bees as is sometimes claimed, it is
confidently expected that these experiments
will disclose some of its effects with cer-
tainty.

These brief outlines will serve to give a
bird--eye view of the work that is beiug un-
dertaken at the station.

What of the coming year ? Shall the work
be continued on the same or similar lines or
shall it be varied, and if so, in what direc-
tion and to wliat extent ?

This is, of course, on the assumption that
the work at the station is to be continueil.
But of this we have no guaranty. It is in-
deed the most important characteristic of
this work that its tenure is very uncertain.
Perhaps it may not be possible to do away
altogether with this uncertainty and if it is
not then it must continue to be as it is and
has been that the bee-keepers of the State
will have to be vigilant and active if they
mean to secure the continued recognition at
the station which the importance of their
vocation warrants. We have been accus-
tomed to contemi>late with pr de the position
which our State has held amocg apicultural
communities. It has been her wont to be at
the front ; shall she because a Cook has gone
be suffered to lose that position ?

This is written without reference to the
question of who shall perform the work.
(31ose contact with the work has not only
magnified the importance of it but has also
revealed the burden of the labor and care
necessary to do it well. The small stipend

I HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

now granted, by itself would be small iu-
duceiuent to a competent person to carry the
burden. The stipend thould be increased so
that the work might be extended without
compelling the operator to carry a gratui-
tous load.

By asking tliis we ask nothing that our vo-
cation does not deserve. Apiculture lives
not to itself. Its product, constituting one
of the most healthful of foods and at the
same time so delect ible as to be a luxury, is
pure gain, being secured from what would
otherwise be waste only, and it may be that
this gain is but an incident to its greater
bounty in causing plant and tree to yield
abundantly their seed after tlieir kind.

Lapeek, Mich. Jan. 2, 18%.

Nineteen Years of Successful Bee -Keep-
ing.—The Start.
NINETEEN years ago, when I was twenty-
three years old, I took my first lessons
in bee-keeping. I had made a failure of
farming, losing what little I possessed. My
capital was reduced to a silver twenty-five
cent piece— plugged at that. I had a wife
and growing family to be fed, clotlied and
cared for.

One sunny day, late in April, I was out in
the woods chopping, when, becoming tired,
I sat down to rest, and my attention was at-
tracted by a loud humming. Upon investi-
gation I found it to be bees busily at work
upon some low shrubbery bearing red flow-
ers, I enjoyed myself sometime in watch-
ing the black little fellows flitting from flow-
er to flower and then returned to my work,
but would occasionally stop and listen to the
bees, as one of them flying near my head
would remind me of them. All this made
such an impression upon my mind that I
resolved to became the possessor of some

A few days after I passed a farm house in
front of which were a number of stands of
bees. A halt was made and a bargain struck
for two " skeps," as the owner called them.
I shall never forget the wise counsel and ad-
vice given me by the old gentleman. There
must be plenty of cross-sticks in the hive to
support the combs ; there must be no nails
on the inside or the swarms would not stay ;
the hives must be painted red as that was the
color that the bees had a particular liking

for ; but, above all things, the hives must be
kept elevated about an inch from the bottom
board, as this would prevent the moths from
destroying the bees. After thanking my
good old friend and giving him my note for
eleven dollars, due in four months, I started
for home with my noisy, little, black
friends. More anon.

Enthusiastic.

f\A

\ ,/-.

7

'

\)

- —

•

/

HOW THE APIAKY LOOKED WHEN IT WAS
STABTED.

Cheap, Easy and Quick Method of Re-
Queening an Apiary.

E, F. QUIGLEY.

T is a waste of time and money to make
any special effort to have all colonies pure
Italians in apiaries run for honey production,
because few bee-keepers are so situated as
to get even a small per cent, of their young
queens purely mated, for this reason I should
use the following plan to Italianize twenty
or more colonies.

Get one or two good tested queens near
the close of your main honey flow, start the
bees to cell-building, keep them building
cells until you get enough to go around and
some to spare. I would start some each
day; that will give mora tim^ to hunt out
old queens. Keep the date each lot will
hatch, then three days before the cells will
hatch, remove as many old queens as you
have good cells. When these cells are ripe,
place one between the combs of each colony
made queenless three days before, or if you
have on sections or an upper story of extract-
ing combs, you can put your cells to hatch
between the sections or combs of honey
away from the brood chamber, and that
without even hunting out the queen, and you
will have 80 per cent, of the old queens su-
perseded.

Now, if you are away from other bees, and
have black drones in your own yard, but
wish to mate your queens to Italian drones,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

get some entrance guards made of Dr. Tin-
ker''s drone excluding zinc and place over the
entrance to each colony, these will allow the
queen to pass out and return Ijut keep the
drones in the hive. If the bees are not gath-
ering honey, I would, about noon, feed the
colony having the Italian drones to induce
them to fly freely.

In my opinion it will pay the honey pro-
ducers to follow the above plan and re-queen
his entire apiary each fall, even if he keeps
black bees. Good young queens to com-
mence the season with add greatly to the
chance of getting a good honey crop. I fol-
low the above myself and it pays me, though
I re-queen so late in the fall that but a few
young queens begin to lay before spring, but
I would not advise everyone to wait that
late. I have said nothing about how to rear
the queens, because any one thinking of rear-
ing their own queens should get a book de-
voted to that subject, as there is too much to
be treated in a bee journal.

Unionville, Mo. Jan. 9, 189.5.

Twenty - Five Years of Experiments in Bee-

Keeping. Some Modern Implements

in Embryo.

B. TAYLOK.

f

%.

TN the year 1863 I
1 produced and
sold .fCS.OO worth of
honey from two col-
/.•^%i >;». onies of bees, and

my apiarian zeal at
once arose to a
white heat, I said
" If there is no roy-
al road to knowl-
edge, there is one to
wealth, and it lies
right through a bee-
yard." I was very poor at the time, having
lost all of my previous savings by the great
flood of 1859.

When President Arthur visited Chicago
during his Presidental term, and the gold-
bugs and monopolists of all kinds gathered
about him in glittering array, he said in his
speech to them, " i am proud of my country
for I see around me signs of great prosper-
ity." So, after I had got the sixty-five dol-
lars for the honey from two swarms I went
out into my bee yard of some seventy-five

colonies and said, "I see around me signs of
great prosperity." There could be no mis-
take, for there were the seventy-five colonies
which at thirty-two and a half dollars each
would bring two thousand three hundred
and fifty cents the very first year. I at once
decided I would increase my colonies to at
least one thousand and at once build a fine
dwelling (we were living in a log house
13x20.) How all this came out I will tell b --
fore the end of this article.

At this time part of my bees were in Lang-
stroth and part in hives of my own inven-
tion in which the frames shoved in from the
back. I was no.t exactly pleased with either
of these hives, and, as I was now to have
large quantities of honey to handle, and
many colonies to manipulate, I decided that
i must have something better, for the surplus
was now obtained in 16-lb. boxes three of
which just covered the top of a Langstroth
hive, and to handle the tons of honey I was
going to have in them would be laborious and
costly. In a patent office report I had read
a description of the Dzierzon bar hive, and I
began to plan an improvement, which, after
much thought, took the form of shallow sec-
tions 5 ?/4 inches deep and IG inches square
outside. The bar was improved by nailing
on end bars 4^4 inches long, but no bottom
bars were used on the first lot of fifty that I
made. My plan was to tier up these shal-
low sections to any height required and not
only use them for a brood chamber, but all
surplus boxes were to be discarded and the
surplus comb honey was also to be stored in
them. The frames in each section were ten
in number, they were 13^,2 inches long inside
and 4% deep. They held, when filled with
honey, about four pounds each. I sold many
cases of this honey just as they came from
the hive, letting the hive section go with it
as a shipping case. When the honey was to
be taken out to use the frame could be taken
out without cutting or breaking a cell. You
see, it was just a four-pound section. I won-
der if this would not entitle me to claim to
be the inventor of sections, for I had never
heard of sections at that time.

After one year's trial I added bottom bars
to the frames. I exhibited one of this first
lot of shallow hives at the meeting of the
North American at Keokuk in 1889. These
little hives caused nearly every person who
saw them to smile with contempt, and I
soon went to trying the experiment of mak-
ing them deeper. I made some with frames

THE BEE-KEEPERS HFA'IEW.

V)\ inches deep, and I perfected an arrange-
ment whereby a bee-?pace was always main-
tained between two or more sections when
set together, and also when set on the bot-
tom board, and this without any strips or
other traps on the smooth board. I have
since tried many depths of frames down to
4^0 inches, and am now using many hives
of that depth, and, after thirty year's use I
know them to be a good hive for winter or
summer use. The deeper hives proved too
deep for tiering for brood chambers. I used
the wire-end frame in connection with these

to decide whether he is justified in his un-
friendly spirit.

Finding the four-pound sections too large
I made some of half the size. These had
closed ends, just like modern sectionp.
Then I gripped four of them together by
three bent wires with thin boards to cover
the sides. This made of them a neat box
holding eight pounds of honey when tilled,
and four of them just covered the top of my
KJ-inch square hive. They sat upon the top
of hive the edges of which supported the out
ends, hut the center needed support, and

H( ME OF ilAKNET TAYLOK. FOKKSTVILLE, MINNESOTA.

deeper hives, and one of themis to-day the
best single-brood-chamber hive of which I
have any knowledge. All of these sectional
hives of whatever depth were exactly alike
except as to depth, and could be used to-
gether. Now, friends, I have given the true
history of the origin of my interchangeable
brood chamber hive.

I see by Mr. Heddon's Quarterly that he is
hostile towards me. There is no reason for
it, except that I made and used these hives
more than twelve years before 1 ever knew
there was such a man as .James Heddon, and
I had no way of knowing that he was going
to patent such a hive. When I learned he
had, I was greatly pleased. I had no thought
of using or claiming the idea in a patent.
The readers of bee journals know that I have
never expressed a jealous or hostile feeling
toward Mr. Heddon, and I leave it to them

I made T tins to I old tliem up. These T.'s
were made by taking a strii) of wood 34 by
one inch and 15 iiiclies long, and nailing a ■
piece of tin % inches wide on one edge one
of which laid across the center of the hive
supported the inner ends of the boxes. I
now have armfuls of these tins, and they
were the first thing of the kind I ever saw or
heard of for that purpose. I had thin boards
7^2 inches square to cover these boxes, and
four of these boards made a cover for the
top of the hive. When no boxes were on, a
cap was used to cover these boxes when on
the hives. The boxes could be used one or
more at a time as required, and could be
tiered up to any height. This was a neat
and practical arrangement scarcely sur-
passed by anything in use to-day. I sold
these eight-pound ! oxes just as they came
from the hive ; no handling or crates were

10

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVl'

needed, and as the bees could not get to any
part of the outside of these sections they
were so clean and nice that they caused ad-
miration wherever seen. I sold many tons
of honey in them and a little later I made
some cases out of % inch stuff 1% find 15
inches inside. In these I slipped eight of
the sections, two of these just covering a
hive. I have many of these cases yet in the
shop-loft, and when I first saw friend Root's
case for selling honey just as it comes from
the bees, illustrated in his catalogue, I
smiled and went and took a look at my " ex-
actly same " cases which I had laid aside
years ago. I know friend Root will pardon
me for saying that I wrote to him frequently
describing the things I was using, but he
was wedded to his early love, the Simplicity
hive and its furniture, and always returned
about the same answer, "too much ma-
chininery." I hold no spite at friend Root
for this, as each of us is justified in clinging
to our own offspring.

Now friends, allow me to call your atten-
tion to the fact that nearly all the most pop-
ular hives and furniture for surplus now be-
fore the bee-keeping public is but my tiering
up hive of early date in improved form, and
our T supers of to-day are just my early
shallow cases of 18()3, altered to accommo-
date one pound sections, and I see that the
junior Root is now being won over to tier-
ing-up hives for brood chambers, and, after
a more extended trial of this method than
that made by any person living, as I believe,
I say on the right road.

After my inspiring success in 1863, I could
hardly wait for the coming year. I had my
new tiering-up arrangements all ready and
was impatient for swarms, but the middle of
June came and swarms did not. I had no-
ticed that the ground around a hive that set
near our window had been, for some days,
covered with white immature bees, but I was
ignorant then, and did not understand, and,
in a day or so, I resolved that if the " moun-
tain would not come to MahOmet, Mahomet
would go to the mountain," so prepared to
force matters by making artificial swarms.
I drummed out the bees from a strong col-
ony, examined the combs, and found them
perfectly destitute of honey ; and an exam-
ination proved the whole yard to be in the
same fix. There was a little fall honey that
year, and the bees got good winter stores,
but I did not build the new house next year ;
/nstead, by working out some for neighbors

at carpenter work, and sleeping on beds
without sheets, and using old rags for tow-
els, we found bread for some half-dozen
needy mouths.

But next year the bees flourished agaiu,
and, fifteen years later the new house was
made, a photograph of which I send you with
this article.

FoEESTViLLE, Miun. Jan. 6, 1895.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Propiietor.

Terms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more,
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi ew
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued.

FLINT, MICHIGAN. JAN. 10. 1895.

The American Bee-Journal has changed
its form, reduced the number of its pages
but made them correspondingly larger, is
using a better grade of paper, has secured
some excellent contributors and two more
sub-editors, and, all in all, starts the new
year with flying colors.

Irving Kinyon, of Camillus, N. Y., who
has just returned from a two-months inves-
tigation of the honey producing business in
Cuba, writes that he prefers New York to
Cuba as a place to keep bees, while the so-
cial advantages of the latter are far inferior
to those of the former. In Cuba honey is 24
cents a gallon, a trifle more than two cents
a pound, while flour is .f9.80 per barrel. He
says that those who are thinking of going
there should read the article of Mr. Somer-
ford's (in Gleanings) about .50 times.

Apioultur\l Literature was never bet-
ter than it is to-day, and this in the face of
about the hardest times financially and api-
culturally that we have seen in a long time.
As journal after journal came in for Decem-
ber, all bright, fresh, well printed and illus-
trated, and crammed with interesting and
helpful articles I fell to wondering if my
own journal appeared as attractive to the
other editors as theirs did to me. If it did I
am satisfied. Bee-keepers have every reason
to be proud of their literature.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

11

"Bee-Mastkb" has a department iu the
American Bee Journal, and flatters liimself
that no one will discover his identity. Let
him not lay that flatterinj^ unction to his
soul, as anyone at all conversant with his
writings in the past will at once recognize
the eloquent quill that he drives.

Bee Pakalvsis is something that Mr. S.
A. Shuck of Illinois, thinks may be caused
by soured honey, and as the disease is worse
iu warm climates he thinks it is because the
heat aids the fermentation. He writes his
views to Gleanings and the editor calls his
attention to the fact that a change of queen
has apparently cured the disease which could
not be the case if the disease came from sour
honey.

Bee Escapes are not used by E. France
because there is too much lifting (in raising
extracted honey), and he doubts if bees
could be gotten out of a second story when
three stories are used ; besides, he can take
the combs out of the two upper stories in
five minutes (brush off tlie bees, too, I pre-
sume), and there is no lifting except that of
lifting one comb at a time. The combs are
carried in boxes placed in a cart. All this is
gleaned from G eaninys.

The Illinois State Bee-Keepeus have
lately held a very successful meeting, but
there is one point in reference to this So-
ciety ihat somebod;, has apparently forgot-
ten, and that is when the North Western
gave up its existence, or merged it into that
of the Illinois State, the agreement was that
at least one meeting a year should be held
in Chicago. No such meeting has been held
in 181)4. There is no city in this country
where so many live, practical, successful
honey producers can be gathered together as
at Chicago, and tliere ought to he a conven-
tion there every autumn. If the Illinois So-
ciety does not proposi to live np to its agree-
ment, it might be advisable to start a new
North Western Society, but I hope the giv-
ing of Chicago t! e " slip " was simply a mat-
ter of forgetfulness, or oversight, or " some-
thing " on the part of the Illinois Society.

Dampness in bee cellars may not cause so
very much harm, provided other condit'ons
are right, is the decision of Mr. Doolittle in
an article in Gleanings. He brings out very
strongly the point that if the bees are quiet,

that is, neither noisy nor running about, but
quietly and closely clustered, they are win-
tering well. When tiiey are not quiet, they
are not wintering well, even if the cellar be
the driest imaginable. This agrees exactly
with the decision arrived at over at the Can-
adian convention lately held at Stratford.

^^■■■^.■^■^^■^

Mice sometimes do damage to bees win-
tered in the cellar. I have never failed to
keep a cellar free from either rats or mice
by putting in a few dishes of flour and arse-
nic mixed. Mr. C. Davenport, of Minneso-
ta, makes assurance doubly sure by using
different kinds of bait. In one dish he puts
cheese mashed up tine, in another he puts
lean pork chopped up fine, in another some
honey, in. fact he gets it down so fine as to
set out both dark and light honey, and each
item on the menu is highly seasoned with
arsenic. He writes this information to
Gleanings.

A NON-SWABMING ABKANGEMENT.

The most interesting thing to me at the
late Michigan State convention was a non-
swarming hive, or arrangement of a hive for
the prevention of swarming. It was ex-
hibited by the inventor and patentee, Mr. L.
A. Aspinwall, of .Jackson, Michigan. It will
be remembered that Mr. Aspinwall is the
man who tried to prevent swarming by the
use of wooden combs, his theory being that
the use of these combs would prevent the
rearing of drones and that that would do
away with swarming. I will not take the
space to explain why the use of the wooden
combs was not the success that had been
hoped for, but am glad to be able to say that
it was their use that led to th? present ar-
rangement, which is simply that of moving
the brood combs apart, as the swarming sea-
son approaches, and putting in each of the
spaces between the combs a half-inch board
perforated with holes like those in the wood-
en combs. In fact, the boards are really
one-half of a wooden comb, but there is no
septum. The bees can crawl through the
holes and walk about upon the wooden divis-
ion boards just as freely as upon the combs
of wax, but no honey is put in them because
there is no septum. Last year Mr. Aspin-
wall had seven colonies in hives thus arrang-
ed, and no swarming or signs of swarming
were manifest, while the colonies averaged
thirty pounds of comb honey in the supers.
Seven colonies in ordinary hives all swarmed

12

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

and the !vvera|?e of surplus was only about
two poniids. Mr. Aspinwall's theory is that
swarmiiit; results from too many bees, from
a crowded condition of the brood nest, and
that putting in these wooden half-combs
doubles the standing room. It has also been
argued that bees do not swarm so long as
there are uiitiuished combs in the brood
nest, and Mr. Aspinwall thinks that perhaps
the bees regard the wooden, jierforated, di-
vision boards as so much unfilled comb and
act accordingly. Never mind, though, if he
should be wrong in his theories, if it will
only prevent the desire to swarm we want it.
Of course, this plan is in direct opposition to
that of contraction, but contraction of the
brood nest of an established colony is some-
thing that has received but little support. I
know that I have never a vocated nor prac-
ticed i , but in the management of swarms I
think it can be used to great advantage. If
there is honey coming in freely and the
brood combs are full, there is no doubt but
what the bees will go into the supers even if
the combs are separated in the manner des-
cribed ; in fact, Mr. Aspinwall urges as one
advantage that the supering surface is in-
creased. I was so enthusiastic over the
Langdon non-s armer that my stock of en-
thusiasm is a little low, but I shall quietly
wait, and experiment, and — hope.

"feeding back."
The editor of Gleanings criticises some of
Mr. R. L. Taylor's conclusions regarding
his experiment in feeding back honey to se-
cure the completion of unfinished sections.
There are one or two points in these criti-
cisms that J would like to notice. First, he
says that in the honey column of that issue
of Gleanings good extracted honey is quoted
at 7 cts. wholesale and comb honey at 12.
This is true of some markets, but I fear that
Bro. Root did not take the trouble to strike
an average. Taking the highest quotations
for first-class white comb honey, and averag-
ing them, the average is the merest fraction
over 14 cts., while the average price for the
best white extracted is the least trifle over
Ct}'^ cts. At these revised and corrected fig-
ures there is a protit of $5.M on an expendi-
ture of $10.17 which is over .TO per cent, pro-
tit, just as Mr. Taylor has asserted, instead
of only &!, as Mr. Root figures it out. You
see that the prices placed upon the two kinds
of honey makes all the difference in the
world. Possitily the piice (8 cts.) put upon

the unfinished sections is a fair one, but I
think that there are few wholesale markets
in which tliis price could be realized. About
the only way in which unfinished sections
can be sold to advantage is to neighbors,
and this market is limited. The experience
of Mr. Unterkircher is quoted in which he
fed back honey at a loss, but it must be re-
membered that there are quite a number of
little kinks to be learned in feeding back
honey at a profit, and to offset Mr. Unter-
kircher's failure I can say that I have fed
back thousands of pounds of extracted honey
to have sections finished ; some years using
as many as twenty or twenty-five colonies,
and I have never been less successful than
was Mr. Taylor, usually getting three pounds
of comb honey from the feeding of four
pounds of extracted, while I }iave been so
fortunate as to secure four pounds for five.
The greatest element of uncertainty is that
of the weather. Give me hot weather, and
there is no apicultural undertaking upon
which I can enter with more certainty in re-
gard to results than that of feeding back ex-
tracted honey to secure the completion of
unfinished sections of comb honey.

It is true that breeding will be stimulated,
but, by limiting the space in the brood nest
no more bees will be reared than are needed
for winter, and, in this connection, it may be
said that I have always carefully marked the
hives containing the colonies used in feed-
ing back, and such colonies have always
wintered the best. All this talk about the
trouble of feeding, the muss, the stings, etc.,
comes because the right implements and
methods are not employed. 1 really enjoy
the work, and would be almost willing to do
it simply for the excellent trim into which it
puts the bees for winter. It may not be ad-
visable for the mass of bee-keepers to follow
this practice, but if rightly managed in hot
weather it can certainly be done at a profit.

THE MICHIGAN STATE EXPERIMENT APIAKY.

A perusal of the first article in this issue of
the Revie\\, aud the one from the same
author, as it appears in the Extracted De-
partment, will show that bee-keepers must
be vigilant, and bring most clearly to the
minds of the members of the State Board of
Agriculture that the continuance of the Ex-
perimental apiary is a most desirable thing
not only for bee-keeping but for agriculture
in general. When the grant was first secured.

I'HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

13

or just before it was allowed, the Board asked
for a list of experiments that we wanted
performed, and uow that some of them have
been performed, and some others attempt-
ed, it seems that there is likely to arise an
idea that the work is finished, and there is
no need of continuing the Experimental
apiary. The Board does not seem to clearly
understand that new things and features are
continually coming up tliat need attention,
or that some of the experiments already
made must be repeated year after year to ar-
rive at definite conclusions ; that there are
experiments, or lines of experiments that
need to be followed out and repeated in or-
der to get their full value. To drop the ex-
periments now would be about as wise as it
is for a man to put a fence part way round
his farm aud then stop because it would cost
so much to finish it. For the last twenty
years, if not longer, our experiment stations
have been experimenting in regard to potato
culture ; they have been trying to decide
how deep the seed should be planted, how
far apart, and how many "eyes" in a hill,
etc., etc., still they are not satisfied, but one
man is expected in a year or two to settle all
of the knotty problems of bee-keeping.

There is still another feature that needs
consideration, and that is that the compen-
sation is too meager. There is no doubt
that there are plenty of men who would jump
at the chance to make experiments at !|50U a
year, but there are men, and men, and when
we get a man like Mr. Taylor that is careful,
conscientious and capable, and so anxious
to succeed that he will use his own bees in
order to get valuable results (and has got the
bees to use) and will hire a man to help him,
when we get such a man he should not be
asked to do the work at a loss to himself.
To take the care, furnish a large share of the
bees, employ help, plan and carry out the
experiments, and make out accurate, intelli-
gent reports to the State, in short, do the
work as Mr. Taylor is doing it, is worth more
than !il;.")00 a year. It should be twice that.
Until one becomes really engaged in the
work there is no really fair conception of its
magnitude.

There is no longer any question as to the
truthfulness of the statements made by Mr.
Taylor that " bee-keeping lives not to it-
self," that it is probably of more value to
agriculture in general than for its product,
that is, the increased productiveness of
grains, fruits and vegetables because of the

thorough fertilization brought about by the
visits of the bees is of ten fold more value than
the nectar that is gathered up while the bees
are doing this act of fertilization.

Let every bee-keeper who is interested in
the continuance of the experimental ai)i-iry,
aud who is not, write to tiie "Chairman of
the State Board of Agriculture, Agricultural
College, Mich.," and urge the continuance
of the apiary and an increase in the money
paid for the work. It would also be well to
write to the other members of the board. I
do not know their names and addresses, but
I will learn them and give them in the next
Review.

Ontario has not only established an ex-
perimental apiary but she grants !f;;"00 each
year for tne encouragemeiit of her bee-keep-
ers' association, besides paying her foul
brood inspector $600 a year.

WILL THE BEE-KEEPING OF THE FaTlTBE DIF-
FEB FROM THAT OF THE PAST ?

( Read at the Ontario B. K. Convention.)

All well-informed bee-keepers know some-
thing of the bee-keeping of the past. They
know that in the early times b^es were kept
in log "gums," or in straw hives. Next
came the box hive, made of boards. In those
days there were no spaciaiists ; at least, not
in this country, and as we understand the
word. Probably not every farmer kept bees,
but a large share of them did, and in the
fall the heaviest and the lightest colonies
were brimstoued. Then came the grandest
invention of which modern bee-culture can
boast — the movable comb hive. With the
birth of this hive came the specialist. Then
followed the bellows bee-smoker, the honey-
extractor, the section honey box, comb foun-
dation, and queen excluding metal, aud new
journals sprung up and disseminated apicul-
tural knowledge broadcast over the land,
and bee-culture soon attained to the dignity
of a profession, in which ignorance, super-
stition and slipshod management were sup-
planted by scientific knowledge and positive
and accurate methods that brought certain
and profitable results. Our country was in
just the right condition to bring the best re-
sults from bee-keeping. It was not a howl-
ing wilderness in which there could be found
no white clover, no orchards with their blush
of bloom in the spring time, aud no fields
white with buckwheat in the autumn : neith-
er had it reached that stage where all of the

14

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

grand lindens had been made into broom
handles, barrel heads or buggy boxes, the
hedge rows supplanted by the barbed wire
fence, and the swamps once gorgeous with
the purple and gold of autumnal flowers had
been drained and converted into meadows
of timothy. Then there were great forests
that acted as metorological balance wheels.
They prevented floods in the spring, and
droughts in the summer. Under these con-
ditions bee-keeping flourished until the
greatest problem connected with the busi-
ness was the disposal of its product. Farm-
ers dropped the business because they could
buy their honey more cheaply than they
could produce it

But a change has come in many parts of
the country. Good crops are the exception.
I know of no reason for this change except
that the natural honey pastures are cut away
and the artiflcial resources are not sufficient
to make of the business a profitable callinar.
Added to this is the summer drouth that re-
sults from the clearing away of the forests.
A forest is like a sponge for holding water.
The earth is shaded and covered with a thick
coating of leaves that acts as a mulch. Then
there are fallen and decayed logs, brush and
tree tops, all of which absorb water and re
tard its flow. The amount of water that a
forest will absorb and hold is astonishing.
Slowly the water evaporates or soaks into
the earth to reappear in the shape of springs.
With cleared fields the water is off for the
sea with a rush, and when the July sun
pours down his rays there is no water with
which to moisten the parched, bare earth.
The time will come when irrigation will be
needed in places where it is not now dream-
ed of. Man will be obliged to store up arti-
ficially the water that nature once stored for
him before he destroyed her reservoirs,

I have always advocated specialty, and I
still believe that the highest success can be
hoped for when only one business is attempt-
ed, but there are many localities now in which
I should not dare to depend for a living upon
bee-keeping alone. Unpleasant as may be
the admission, it seems to be true that in
many localities bee-keeping as a specialty is
doomed. Letter after letter comes to me
saying " I have no fault to find with the Re-
view, but three years with no honey crop are
more than I can stand, and I am going out
of the business." Some mention four and
even five failures in succession. The trouble
is drouth and a lack of blossoms. 1 am not a

croaker, and I also know that, as a rule, the
best time to buy is when everybody else is
selling ; that the time to embark in a busi-
ness IS when others are abandoning it, but
not so if the natural conditions are against
the business. There are probably localities
where bee-keeping as a specialty will always
be a success. In mountainous regions where
the forests cannot be cleared away nor the
posies plowed up ; in Florida where there
are orange groves and there is no induce-
ment to cut down the saw palmetto or the
mangrove growing with their roots in the
tide-water ; or those localities where the al-
falfa sends its roots so deep into the earth
that it can smile at dry weather : in these
favored spots, and in the newer portions of
the country, bee-keeping as a specialty can
be followed with every hope of abundant
success ; but in those localities where the
forests have been cut away, and the swamps
drained, and fields of corn, wheat, rye, oats,
potatoes and grass stretch away mile after
mile, it is folly to attempt making a living
by the keeping of bees. To attempt to make
a poor honey locality a desirable one by
planting for honey is still greater folly. If
the conditions are such that it will pay to
raise honey producing crops for the crop
alone, such crops will be raised — otherwise
not. Where three, four and five years of
failure come in succession, it is foolhardy
for men to cling to bee-keeping alone hop-
ing that " next year will be a better one."
In fact, unless the purse is a long one, neces-
sity will compel the adoption of some other
business. If one has kept bees so long that
he would feel lost without them, and I am
one of that class, he can take up some other
vocation as his main business, letting the
bees become a side-issue. It is astonishing
to see with how little care an apiary can now
be managed. It may be almost reduced to
this : setting the bees out of the cellar, put-
ting on the supers, hiving the swarms, tak-
ing off the honey and putting the bees in the
cellar. Possibly the swarming may yet be
done away with.

To sum the matter up in a few words, bee-
keeping in the early days was a side-issue,
then it became a specialty and will remain
such in favoral)le localities, but over a large
portion of the country it will again become
a side-issue ; but improved hives, imple-
ments and methods will make of it a more
desirable and profitable avocation than it
was in days gone by.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

15

THE ONTARIO BEE-KEEPKUS' CONVENTION.

I am just home from attending the above
convention. The Secretary asked me to con-
tribute a paper (it will be found elsewhere
in the Review) and Mr. .John Myers of
Stratford, where the meeting was held, most
cordially invited me to be his guest while
attending the convention, in fact, I was
treated as I always have been whenever I
have been in Canada, as though too much
could not be done to make my visit a pleas-
ant one. I left home about eleven o'clock at
night, and, as I stood on the threshold and
looked back at the bright, shining coal-fire,
and the woman standing beside it with a
wistful, beseeching look in her eyes that
seemed to say, " Don't go," and then I look-
ed out and saw the street and air full of
whirling snow, and visions of blockaded
trains arose in my mind, I will confess that
it required some courage to shut the door
from the outside. Once snugged away in
the Pullman Sleeper I soon forgot every-
thing until when, about five o'clock in the
morning, the porter poked me in the ribs
and said, " Most to Stratford, sir." If any-
thing, the storm was worse than in the night,
and I almost feared that the convention
would be a pretty slim affair, but it seems
that our brethren across the line, with their
great fur coats, and caps, laugh at such
storms. Dr. Duncan, who must be in the
neighborhood of eighty, drove in some twelve
or fifteen miles if I rememler aright. Some-
times he had to get out and tramp and break
a road through the drifts before he could
get through with a team. For genuine en-
thusiasm in attending conventions, the Can-
adians beat us. There must have been near-
ly 100 in attendance. Not only are their con-
ventions well attended, but they are never
dull. One thing that contributes largely to
the spice of their meetings is that some of
the members are very outspoken. Nothing
is ever allowed to pass unnoticed or unchal-
lenged. The least attempt at unfairness, or
irregularity, or any mistake, is prom ptly
challenged, and names are spoken and state-
ments made with a freedom that would be
truly refreshing were it not that some trifl-
ing matter is often made tlie basis for a long,
sharp and personal debate. It should not be
forgotten, however, that the Ontario Associ-
ation is really a more complex affair than
the Associations on this side of the line.
There is the grant of ifoOO per year that must
be used to the best advantage, there is the

election of officers and directors and the ap-
pointing of a foul brood inspector, then
there are the affiliated Societies, and com-
mittees on this and that, and taken all in all
there is abundant opportunity for a conflict
of opinions and views, but tlie Association
is a power for good and its discussions of
practical subjects second to none.

Of course, there is not room in the Review
to more than briefly touch upon some of the
most important topics that were discussed.
In regard to essays at conventions there was
a difference of opinion. Mr. S. T. Pettit was
the champion of essays, even if they were so
long and exhaustive that when they were
read one could only say of each, " That was
a good essay." Mr. J. B. Hall said that
nearly all of the information that he obtain-
ed at conventions came from discussion.
" Essays are too dry ; they don't stick."

Heretofore there has been a lack of posi-
tive, scientific experiments showing that the
spraying of trees in bloom poisons bees.
Bee-keepers were well satisfied that it did
kill their bees : in fact, they were 'positive of
it, but when asking for legislation on the
subject they have been asked for proof that
it did kill the bees, and to furnish this proof
has been very difficult, but it will be so no
longer. Mr. Fletcher, Prof, of entomology
at the Ottawa Experiment Station, read a
paper, or rather a report from Prof. Web-
ster of Ohio, I think it was, in which was
given a detailed account of some experi-
ments in which it was proved " scientific-
ally " that bees working upon sprayed bloom
are killed and the brood that is fed upon the
nectar so gathered is also killed. Analysis
of the intestines of the dead bees and of the
larvas showed that poison was the cause of
their death. Prof. Fletcher gave it as his
opinion, and, mind you, he was very careful
to emphasize the fact that it was simply his
opinion, that the honey gathered from spray-
ed bloom would not have an injurious effect
upon a person who ate it. The quantity
necessary to kill an insect is so small that it
is not probable that it would have any effect
upon a person. There is also another point,
honey gathered from fruit bloom is almost
always used up in brood rearing. But the
best of it is that there is not only no neces-
sity for spraying when the trees are in
bloom, but it is actually injurious to the
fruit, or rather to the fertilizing organs of
the blossoms. Mr. Hall mentioned a neigh-
bor having a plum orchard that he sprayed

16

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

in full bloom. An earnest attempt was made
to show him the folly of his course, but he
persisted in it, and his reward was the get-
ting of not more than half a dozen plums,
while other neighbors that did not even spray
at all had fair crops of plums. Prof. Fletch-
er said it had been frequently asserted that
it was necessary to spray during bloom in
order to destroy some kinds of injurious in-
sects, but he was not acquainted with any
such insect.

Mr. McEvoy, who, as foul brood inspector
of Ontario, is the right man in the right
place, read his report. He had usually found
bee-keepers not only willing but anxious to
rid their apiaries of the scourge. When they
were not, he was obliged to destroy the dis-
eased colonies by fire. In those districts
where he had been called upon to work, foul
brood had " moved out," so to speak. He
did not publish the names of those in whose
apiaries foul brood had been found. It was
usually cured, and in that case it would be
perfectly safe to buy queens and bees of such
parties, but, if it should be known that they
had once had foul brood in their apiaries it
would prejudice purchasers.

Your humble servant read a paper entitled
" Will the Bee-Keeping of the Future Differ
From that of the Past," which appears in
another column of this issue of the Review.
Mr. Pringle thought the failures were more
frequent in the United States than in Can-
ada. There may be occasionally a partial
failure in Canada, but they do not come year
after year. Without being certain of the
matter, it is my impression that many parts
of Ontario are newer than most of the North-
ern States, that is, tiie country has not been
cleared up so long, and the basswood has not
been cut off to such an extent. Mr. Mc-
Knight had never known a complete failure,
but he agreed with the writer that the natural
honey resources are becoming less, and the
day of the specialist growing dim. The only
thing that promises to take the place of bass-
wood, is alsike clover. Mr." John Myers
said that eight or nine years ago a crop of
honey was sure as any other crop. One
hundred pounds to the colony was the usual
thing ; now it is exceptional. Mr. J. E.
Frith advanced the theory that the failure
was due to electrical conditions that change
periodically, so to speak, and that we may
expect the next cycle of years to bring back
the times of old. Mr. Frith also introduced
the idea that plants are more vigorous when

first introduced, and, as a rotation of crops
is needed in some branches of farming, it is
possible the production of honey is not an
exception. Mr. J. K. Darling said rotation
of crops might be necessary in the raising of
small fruits, but he doubted if the same
thing was necessary in raising a crop of
honey.

Mr. Darling and Mr. R. H, Smith both
read papers upon the wintering of bees, or,
at least, the discussion soon drifted into that
channel, and one phase was that of bees
swarming out and mixing up when set out
of the cellar in the spring. If a large num-
ber are set out at the same time they all
rush out at nearly the same time, '.and where-
ever a crowd of bees is seen going into a
hive, others follow ; or, if the wind is blow-
ing, the bees work up against the wind, that
is, the hives on the windward get the greater
part of the bees. In such instances it some-
times happens that some hives will be filled
to overflowing, while others are almost de-
populated. Mr. Pickett had gotten rid of
the trouble by setting the bees out in the
night. They then left the hives the next
morning with less of a rush, took time to
mark their location, and there was no mix-
ing up. Others had tried the same plan,
but if the next day was a little too cool a
great many bees became chilled and never
regained their hives. As the bees have been
confined so long they will not stay in the
hives and wait for a suitable day. Mr. J. B.
Hall said that much of this trouble came
from not putting the bees back upon the
same stand that they occupied the previous
season. In proof of his assertion he said
that by taking out one colony and putting it
on a different stand from its old one, the
bee-keeper would soon see bees hovering
about and searching in the locality where
their home had been the previous season.
" If they don't remember it, what are they
there for ?" exclaimed Mr. Hall. His hives
and stands are all marked, and each hive put
back upon its own stand, and the bees are
put in the cellar in such order that the first
hive out goes to one of the further corners
of the yard, the next hive to the other cor-
ner, the next to some other part, etc., the
idea being that hives that are brought out at
nearly the same time shall be as widely scat-
tered as possible, thus when the bees from a
hive are in full flight, there will be no other
colony near that is in full flight. Mr. Hall
takes still further precaution. He puts out

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

17

about a dozen or fifteen colonies, then waits
an hour or two until tliey have flown and
quieted down, then another installment is
carried out. It matters not if several days,
or even weeks, pass before the whole apiary
is again on its summer stand. By this meth-
od there is no mixing up or swarming out.

There was quite a little talk about out-door
wintering versus cellar wintering. All
agreed that if bees could have one good flight
in the winter, out-door wintering was advis-
able. The difficulty is in not knowing
whether the coming winter will furnish this
warm spell. When there are several warm
winters in suacession, or winters iu which
the bees get a flight, then out-door wintering
becomes popular, while a like number of
severe winters leads bee-keepers to put their
trust in cellars. Many who were present
said that with them there was not one winter
in ten when bees would get a winter flight.
Giving bees protection in the spring after
they were takon from the cellar found no
supporters. It was pronounced both expen-
sive and unnecessary. Mr. Pettit said that
bees could be wintered with as much assur-
ance of success as in the wintering of any
other stock, and when pressed to tell just
how it should be done he went very briefly,
yet concisely, over the necessary requisites
for successful wintering. Preparations must
be commenced in -July. Each colony must
have a good queen and an abundance of good
stores. The bees should be put into the cel-
lar after there is no hope of further flights,
and before the beginning of freezing weath-
er. He placed considerable stress upon the
manner in which his hives were stacked up
in the cellar. The entrance extends the
whole length of the front of the hive. The
back of the hive is raised -^g of an inch from
the bottom board, and hive, bottom board
and all is tilted up until the back of the hive
is three inches higher than the front. The
assertion was made that the cold air entered
at the lowest opening < the front entrance)
and the warm air left the hive at the highest
opening (the back), thus creating a better
system of ventilation than is secured when a
hive is in a level position. The hive covers
are not carried into the cellar, the hives be-
ing covered with quilts and cushions to retain
the heat. He would have the temperature
somewhat lower than the orthodox 45°,
thereby securing more perfect ventilation
inside the hives. Jast what the temperature
should be depends upon the behavior of the

bees. When the bees are perfectly still they
are wintering perfectly. If they are obliged
to fan to get rid of foul air, or to keep them-
selves warm, they are wearing themselves
out, and are really old bees when taken from
the cellar in the spring. Anything that dis-
turbs the bees sets them to feeding tl:e(iueen,
and breeding results, and that means diar-
rhiea and death.

Prof. Fletcher, of the Ottawa Experiment
station, read a report and showed specimens
of the results of an experiment that had
been made to try and determine the best
weight of foundation to use : that is, the
most profitable weight. There were also
taken into consideration the temperature at
which foundation is milled, and the differ-
ent grades of wax. The heavier the founda-
tion used, the less wax is added by the bees,
that was shown quite conclusively, and the
conclusion drawn was that foundation about
seven or eight square feet to the pound is the
most advantageous. The Prof, said that, as
bees probably secrete some wax anyway, it
would probably not be advisable to furnish
foundation so heavy that it would be un-
necessary to add any wax, but I was unable
to comprehend the line of reasoning follow-
ed in coming to a decision regarding the
best weight to use. If it is admitted that the
bees can furnish to advantage a part of the
wax used in comb-building, I am at a loss to
understand how these experiments point to
any particular proportion that is the most
desirable.

One very enjoyable, and I think useful,
feature of this meeting was the holding of a
"Honey Bee Concert" one evening in a
large hall. To this the general public was
invited. There was music, the singing o,f
songs, speaking, and Bro. Holterman gave a
lecture on bee-keeping, illustrating his re-
marks by pictures thrown on a screen by
means of a magic lantern. Very catchy,
illustrated programmes were distributed
among the audience, opportunity being
taken to weave into the programmes as much
instruction as possible showing the value of
honey as a food. The lecture and speeches
were also intended to give to the public
those ideas in regard to honey and bees that
would be most advantageous to bee-keepers
that the public should know.

That genial, thorough-going bee-keeper.
•T. B. Hall, was made President, and I hope
to be at Brantford next year and see him
preside.

18

THE BEE-KEEPERS ' REVIEW,

Importance of Apiculture at Experiment Sta-
tions, and the Difficulty of Securing
its Recognition.

Bee-keeping is beginning to be recognized
at the Experiment Stations. This is the re-
sult of prolonged and persistent effort on
the part of bee-keepers in demanding what
is theirs by right. Bat it should be known
that it is only by continued asking, and urg-
ing upon those in authority the importance
of apiculture as an auxilliary pursuit as well
as its importance for itself alone, that we can
hope for a continuance of these experiments.
Some of the difficulties are set forth by ex-
perimenter Taylor in an article in the Cayia-
dian Bee Journal. He says : —

'• There seems to be no inconsiderable dif-
ficulty in getting for apiculture a foothold at
our experiment station, and when that is
secured, its tenure generally, so far as I
know, seems to be of a very uncertain char-
acter. Why this should be so, if the impor-
tance of the pursuit is considered, appears
to be somewliat of a marvel.

To be sure the business is not overly pop-
ular, for which state of things two reasons
may be assigned. The first reason is that
the bee will defend its abode with its sting.
To the skilled apiarist this reason has no
force ; do not cattle use their horns to defend
themselves ? Indeed, do they not often use
them to gratify wanton anger ? But no one
thinks of assigning that as a reason|why the
production of cattle should not be encour-
aged. But ignorance sees in the honey bee
one whose hand is against every living thing,
ai-d in its sting an arrow ever ready at the
string and ever laden with fatal poison. The
other reason is that the bee is a free common-
er. There are no limits or restrictions as to
its pasture, but time and the endurance of
her wing. She gathers as freely from the
clover and tho apple tree of the envious
neighbor, or the mortal enemy of her owner,
as she does from his own. The neighbor and
enemy behold it with envy or anger ever
magnified by their apparent helplessness.
They see in the tons of honey piled on her
owner's hiv<^s the measure of the depiction
of their own mows and bins. .The light that
reveals the bee </etting little but giving much
in the fertility of the tree and the clover, that
shows her owner receiving little, or nothing,
of value to them, but often heaping up their
baskets and bins, has not yet found their
eye. So ignorance atrain would welcome the
absence of th" bee. These reasons give rise
to a third, and that is the small estimation
in which the business is held, and therefore
the low degree of its importance. Some
even look upon the bee-keeper as little better
than a freebooter — as one who would steal if
he had the courage and skill.

It is hardly worth while to argue to bee-
keepers the invalidity of these reasons, but
as to one point already mentioned — the im-
portance of bee-keeping — a few suggestions
may not be without their use. I need not
dwell on the magnitude of the business of
bee-keeping in itself. Most intelligent bee-
keepers appreciate that in some degree. But,
perhaps, it would be well to jog our memo-
ries, even on that point. What other speci-
alty calls together so many and such wide-
awake conventions as does bee-keeping ? or
supports so many class journals ? or is adapt-
ed so generally to all localities ? or whose
product is so purely from what would other-
wise be only waste ? It creates a finished
product — a food of the highest value both for
sustenance and health — out of wliat is other-
wise without value and must be an entire
loss. Bee-keeping ought surely to stand
well with the people in view of its direct
product alone as compared with other rural
pursuits.

But great as is the gain to the country in
the product of bee-keeping, no doubt the ad-
vantage arising from the ministry of the bees
in causing fruitfulness to follow bloom is
immensely greater. Anyone who gives even
a little attention to this matter in the time
of fruit bloom, comparing the fruitfulness
and perfection of fruit of those plants and
trees which have been frequented by the
bees with that of those which from location
or inclemency of weather have Ijeen deprived
of their visitations during the time of bloom,
will readily see that this ministry, in a great
country devoted every where to fruit-grow-
ing, must be of almost incalculable value.
Many striking instances proving the truth of
this might be adduced, but that is unneces-
sary here, as the readers of apicultural pub-
lications are familiar with the subject.

What shall we do with these facts, clothed
as they are with such grave import ?

In spite of them apiculture has received as
yet but meagre recognition at our experi-
ment stations, or, oftener, no recognition at
all. It is not to be wondered at, then, that
it is unpopular. Let a man however worthy
he may be, be persistently slighted and treat-
ed with neglect by a few of his prominent
acquaintances, and how his reputation will
wane ! Why sliould not apiculture be placed
on an etiual footing at our stations with po-
tato-growing and the manufacture of cheese,
with the production of strawberries or seed
corn ? The experiments carried on in all
these thinas to gain new knowledge calcula-
ted to secure higher success, are invaluable,
but they should not be heard to deny the
validity of apiculture's claim to equal recog-
nition.

Perhaps bee-keepers have themselves prin-
cipally to blame for the condition of things.
Their claim will certainly not be allowed
until they themselve=' feel its justness and
assert it with a vigor and firmness which can
only come from a consciousness of its equity.
Let the bee-keeper be led to withdraw his
eyes from the little pile he aets from the pro-
duct of his hives and be fed with a knowl-
edge of what his vocation does for his coun-
try in adding to its store of delicious and

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

19

health-giving food aud in increasing its
fruits aud seeds, and his freedom from pro-
scriptiou will not be long delayed.

Again, iu its modern phase apiculture is a
comparatively new mdustry. For ages the
box, or other comb-bound hive, kept faith-
ful watch over most of the secrets of the hon-
ey bee. It is but recently that these secrets
are becoming open, but there are still many
important knotty questions about the bee
aud the new appliances of the hive that are
in pressing need of final answers. There is
a wide Held here yet to be explored. Shall
bee-keepers aloue of those engaged in rural
pursuits be 1-. ft to make the explorations
unaided, though thus handicapped by many
new things ?

To be sure, an opening has been made and
something has been granted, but united and
persistent efforts ought to be made for an
allowance commensurate with the work, for
a more permanent standing aud for recogni-
tion a many more of the North American
Experiment stations."

The Bright Yellow Bees Not the Equal of
the Darker Varieties.
In this matter of color in bees I have no
axe to grind. (I presume that few bee-keep-
ers have, as it is just as easy to rear one kind
of bees as another.) I wish to present both
sides of the question as fairly as possible,
hence I take pleasure in givmg the following
from Mr. S. E. Miller published in the Pro-
gressive.

" I am asked for my opinion of the yellow
or so-called golden Italian bees, but perhaps
a little of my experience with them would be
worth more than my opinion. I would say
that we (my brother and I) have never gone
strongly in the yellow bees, but what queens
we have tried of this strain were purchased
direct from the originator, or the one at least
who has taken more time and trouble to
breed them up to this standard of color than
anyone else in the land, Mr. G. M. Doolittle.
And I might mention iu passing that Mr.
Doolittle up to a short time ago made no
claim to being the origiuator of this strain,
but I thought as much for some years past,
as nearly all breeders of these yellow bees
are proud to say they have the Doolittle
strain. In a recent number of Gleanings
(page 840, Nov. 1st) Mr. Doolittle explains
how his strain has been bred up for over
twenty years, and no doubt if there is a good
strain of yellow bees, he has them. It is no
more than fair to say that we have never pur-
chased any of the highest priced queens, but
sufficiently high to give us a start of the
strain. Now I would like to say for Mr.
Doolittle's sake that the queens were the
mothers of the best colonies in our apiary,
or that the queens purchased from him were
such, as I have no doubt that with him they
are an entire success yet I am not at liberty
to state anything of the kind, unless I should
wish to depart from the truth. I have bred

queens of this strain with great care, and
have succeeded in breeding some whose bees
were as yellow as I believe could be produced
anywhere, but never yet have these very yel-
low oues come up to the darker Italians in
gathering honey. We usually keep an im-
ported Italian queen in the yard as a breed-
er, but for two years past we have bred main-
ly from the yellow strain, yet with the yel-
lows predominating in numbers, our largest
yields from a single colony are from the
darker colored bees. This year we had two
colonies of those inclined to be yellow, that
did almost as well as the best leather colored,
but the yellowest bees in the yard were about
the poorest colony. The yellow bees are in-
clined to breed up strong early in the spring,
aud seem to be preparing for a great har-
vest, but when they get to a certain strength,
they appear to get no stronger, and when the
harvest comes, the leather-colored bees do
most of the gathering.

I have tried to have certain colonies swarm
early, so as to have queens reared by natural
swarming, and for this purpose kept them
rather crowded for a time, but generally
failed to attain the desired success, for after
getting just about strong enough to swarm,
they seemed to stop increasing in number.
I have given them room to store honey in
sections, and in this have been disappointed
ofteuer than pleased.

The season of 1893 was practically a total
failure here. Two colonies almost complet-
ed a case of twenty-four sections each. These
two colonies contained queens that were
daughters of an imported Italian mother. I
note in this connection what Mrs. Atchley
has to say about the yellow bees. She says,
' I thought any well posted bee- keeper knew
that Italians kept pure would soon become
almost solid yellow.' How different people
look at certain things. I thought that any
well posted bee-keeper knew nothing of the
kind. I should like to hear through the Pro-
gressive what well posted bee-keepers have
to say on the subject. It has taken that
champion of queen breeders, Mr. Doolittle,
some twenty years to develop a valuable
strain of yellow bees, but others with less
experience, and not as well posted, would un-
dertake to produce them in three or four
years, and this is what has brought them to
the place they now occupy — a superior strain
on paper and in advertisements, but inferior
in the apiary. Here is about the way this
golden bee business goes : A has a flashing
advertisement of golden queens iu the jour-
nal. B sends an order for one, and is pleased
with the color. As soon as the bees begin to
hatch, he writes a testimonial that is good
to use as an advertisement, and we hear no
more from Mr. B. C, D, and E also order
queens, and after thoroughly testing them
and being disappointed, they keep their
mouths shut about it. or if they should write
a complaint to the breeder, it is never used
as a testimonial. How would this sound ?
' Dear Bro. A ; — I jjurchased one of your ex-
tra select, bred-for-business, 8 or 10-banded,
golden Italian queens over a year ago. Her
bees were the yellowest I ever saw. They
bred up early last spring, did not swarm.

20

THE BEE-KEEFEKS- UKVIEW.

stored five pounds of comb honey, went into
winter weak, and died in February.' Did
anyone ever see a testimonial like that ?
Now, queen breeders, be honest. Tell pur-
chasers that they do not want golden bees
just because they look pretty, but induce
them to purchase the kind of bees that will
store the most honey and make ihe most
money for them. Five or leu extra pounds
of honey per colony are worth more than
thousands of yellow bands on the bees'
backs. I know that most purchasers want
the yellow bees, but discourage rather than
encourage them in this, for it is only the de-
mand for these yellow bees that has created
the supply, and in breeding for yellow bands
many of the better qualities of the Italians
have been lost sight of, at least by many
breeders. Truth is mighty, and will prevail,
and put us on record as saying that when
people get over this craze of buying fashion-
able bees, the leather-colored Italians will
take the place that they justly deserve. We
know that Mr. Doolittle is a successful bee-
keeper, and I suppose has secured his laree
crops of honey with the yellow bees, but as
Mr. A. I. Root often remarks of certain per-
sons, Mr. Doolittle is one of those who would
make a success of almost any business, and
had he bred from imported stock, and given
the same painstaking care that he has given
to the yellow strain, is it not quite probable
that he would have given to the world a bet-
ter strain of bees than that which he now
has ? No doubt, in his apiary they are a su-
perior strain, but when they fall into the
hands of other breeders, they, in their eager-
ness to produce the very yellowest bees, lose
sight of many of the more valuable qual-
ities.

Now, Mr. Editor, if this note is blown too
long to fill the siiace allotted to it. just crowd
out some of Somnambulist's Fragments.
He will never know the difference, for lie is
only dreaming anyhow.

I could say much more on this subject, but
I fear that space forbids.

Blufifton, Mo."

All Yellow Bees Do Not Contain Cyprian

Blood and They May be Gentle and

Good Workers.

Those who think that all yellow bees must

from necessity contain Cyprian blood, and

be of a vicious disposition, as well as poor

workers, should read the following from the

pen of Mr. Doolittle and published in the

Progressive.

"In the Progressive Bee- Keeper for No-
vember I find some statements which I can
look upon in no other way than being falla-
'•ious or mistaken, and with your permis-
sion, Mr. Editor, 1 will try and correct
them.

In an editorial on page 304 1 find some-
thing relative to yellow bees quoted from thfe
pen of Mrs. Atchley, to which the editor
ak es exceptions, concluding that sister A. is

guessing at what she states. As to Mrs. A.'s
guessing, I have nothing to say, as she is
competaat to speak for herself, but when the
editor goes into print with these words, ' She,
or no other person, can produce these yel-
low bfes from a pure Italian queen. Ital-
ians mixed with the Cyprians have a tenden-
cy to yellow, and without this mixture of
Cyprian blood, no five-banded bees can be
produced,' then I have something to say, as
the truth in the matter is directly opposed to
such an assertion.

I commenced bee-keeping in 18G9, having
nothing but black bees at that time. Dur-
ing the summer of 1870 I noticed that some
of my young queens were producing a part
yellow bees, so I began to look about to see
where the drones could be which, by meeting
ray black queens, gave their progeny these
yellow bands. I was not long in discovering
that there was an apiary of Italian bees four
miles from me in a direct line, the owner of
which had luirchased his first Italian queen
the year before, rearing many queens from
her. As none of his swarms h^d gone to the
woods, and as there were no Italian bees
nearer than these to my apiary, it was evi-
dent that niv queens had met the drones
from this ^talian apiary, and I give this fact
here, partly to he^d off the assertion made
by Henry Alley and others that one and one-
half miles is a distance enough between api-
aries to secure the pure mating of queens,
and partly to tell yon that this queen that
was mother of the dronp« which mated my
queens was from H. A. King, then living at
Nevada. Ohio. In 1872, two more queens
were purchased from Mr. King, and i^y the
breeding of the«ebees, together with a queen
purchased of Ellen S. Tupper. of great api-
cultural fame at that time, this man four
mileci distant and myself had bees so yellow
that they showed the yellow down to the fifth
segment on the abdomen, the first four seg-
ments, counting from the thorax, being near-
ly a solid yellow on a few of the best speci-
mens, except small dark or black lines on
the rear of each segment, the most dark be-
ing on the fourth. After a little Mr. King
was lost sight of by the apicultural world,
and so I kei)t on with the stock purchased of
him till near the eighties, when by exchange
I procured a queen of Joseph M, Brooks, of
Columbus, Ind., which queen gave fully as
yellow bees as any I had been able to pro-
duce previous to this exchange. A year or
two afterward I bought the last very yellow
queen Mr. Brooks had, for at that time he
was about to go out of the business, so he
let me have what he had selected as the very
best queen he liad. I find by going to my
diary that I had good four-banded worker
bees, drones having the abdomen fully one-
half yellow, and queens entirely yellow to
the tip, in the year 1880, which was the very
year Frank Benton and D. A. Jones set sail
for Cyjirus, in search of the Cyprians, which
did not reacli this country till 1881, and yet
you have the boldness to assert, Mr. Editor,
that these yellow bees cannot be obtained
except through a mixture of 'Cyprian blood.'
You will pardon Mrs. A. and myself for stnil-
ing at such an assertion.

i.jnj!. BKE- KEEPERS j.l-A lEW.

21

About the year 188;^ I sold oue of my best
yellosv queens to L. L. Hoaru, of Wes Vir-
ginia, and he and myself liave been breediuy
audexchanf^iug more or less ever since, and
if I am not yreatly mistaken, all of the yel-
low bees of to-day haviuy Italian oriuiu, and
what are known as ' five I'anded bees,' came
directly or indirectly from either Mr. Hearu
or myself. If there is any admixture of Cy-
prian blood in these bees, 1 am not aware of
the fact, and it is imiJOssil)le as far as 1 am
concerned, unless, perchance, some Cyprian
bees have come from some distant breeder
into the woods hereabouts, which is a suppo-
sition too far-fetched to be worthy of notice.
Mr. Hearn is equally sure that there is no
Cyprian blood in his. But why waste time
on this, inasmuch as it is clearly proven that
we had bees whose abdomens were two-
thirds yellow prior to the first importation
of the Cyprian race. When I first saw an
Italian bee which showed more than the reg-
ulation three yellow bands, I said that there
was a mistake about the purity of the im-
ported Italians, and it will be found in back
volumes of the bee papers where I asked an
explanation of the term ' purity ' when used
in connection with Italian bees, for if a bee
showing THREE yellow bands was the simou
pure, what would a bee be called which
showed yellow on all the segments except the
last ? As no oue could tell, I have since
claimed the Italian bee as a thoroughbred,
and shall so continue to claim till someone
can prove totlie contrary. Again, I find you
saying, ' This craze for yellow bees is ruin-
ing our industry, and the sooner it is stop-
ped the better.' Now allow me to ask in all
candor what you mean ? Is itthecKAZEthat
is thus ruining our industry, or do you mean
that the yellow bees are doing this ? If the
former, then all I have got to say is that a
crazy person is liable to ruin any industry ;
but if the latter, then I call for the proof of
the assertion.

Mr. Ira Barber, one of the largest honey
producers in New York State, states in print
that the five-banded bees give him the best
yields of honey of any bees he has, and
equally good testimonials can be found all
through the different bee journals. Person-
ally, I will state that these yellow bees out-
stripped anything in the line of imported or
hybrid bees I had during the past year, 1894,
and gave comb honey of the most snowy
whiteness, so much so that I have received
complimentary letters regarding the nice ap-
pearance of this honey from the commission
merchants receiving it.

Again I find you saying, ' Who is to blame?
We s'y queen breeders are, because they
wanted to outdo their competitors by selling
beautiful bees with more good qualities than
their less colored sisters.' I cannot answer
to this assertion for anyone but myself, for
I do not know the motives prompting other
queen breeders : but for myself I say, mis-
taken again, and to prove that such is the
case, I quote the words which have been
kept standing in my circular from the first
issue to the present time, as follows : ' I do
not claim all the purity of stock that some
do, nor lay so much stress on golden bands,

but I DO CLAIM that for honey 'pkouuoing my
bees are second to none.' Fifteen years of
reporting to the different bee papers, prior
to when I went into the queen rearing busi-
ness, substantiated the claim that my bees
were second to none as to honey gathering,
as scores of letters from pleased customers
have also substantiated that claim since. No,
Mr. Editor, I have not pushed these yellow
bees, but on the contrary kept the sentence
quoted above standing in my circular pur-
posely to prevent a craze in the yellow direc-
tion, for a craze in any direction is a thing
not to be desired. As to these yellow bees
being vicious I mu t admit that toward fall,
in cool and cloudy weather, some colonies
are. I find them very variable as to temper,
some of them being nearly as harmless as
files, while some colonies are quite resentful
when opening their hives after they have be-
come well supplied with honey. That some
of them are harmless as Hies will be readily
understood by turning to page 789 of Glean-
ings for 1893 and taking a look at little Ives
Atchley. who is holding a frame of bees
from a queen sent by myself to Sister Atch-
ley, and blowing the bees off the sealed hon-
ey so he can eat it while he is having his
picture taken. That they are ' lacking in
hardiness for winter,' as Mr. Root asserts on
page 877 of Gleanings for 1894, I will say
"hat I have not found them as good winter-
ers when left on the summer stands, as are
some of the darker strain^; from imported
stock, or hybrids, but with cellar wintering,
which the most of us here at the north adopt,
I see very little if any difference in favor of
either. I have tried in the above to be per-
fectly impartial and tell about things just as
I find them, for it is far from me to do or
say anything that will be other than to the
best interests of the whole fraternity.
Borodino, N. Y."

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

FOR polite, left-handed faint praise, which
leaves a fellow gasping, and not know-
ing what hit him, commend us to experimen-
ter Taylor. Miller's feeders, and Heddon's
are nice — O so nice — but common milk pans
are better — never impart any taste to the
honey, and bees take the feed more readily.
But then this was feeJing back to finish out
sections. Feeding for winter supplies wOuld
be dift'erent womewhat, in that a slight taste
of musty wood would do no harm.

Covering a feed pan just right is an impor-
tant matter, not yet worn out. Taylor says
new muslin cloth, one corner well daubed in
honey, to hang down outside the pan and
touch below. Not important to have the sur-
face of the feed all covered, but important

22

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlJb.vv .

that all except the corner hanging out be
folded in so nicely as to follow down with
the syrup. And it mustn't be cloth that will
sink to the bottom, as worn muslin if damp
is likely to do. He realized a little over a
pound for a pound and a half in ieeding
back this year. Review, 3:^2.

Perhaps I ought to scold just a little about
that same feeding-back report. Mr. Taylor
pleads in favor of feeding back that the col-
ony is in better condition to go into the win-
ter— more bees, and especially more young
bees. This is said in such a manner that the
reader would be likely to take it that the ex-
periments last year and this proved that bees
winter better when busy handling honey for
a month in the fall. Of course a colony
podded out with honey ookn much more pop-
ulous than another which is on the usual
scant rations. It hardly appears that Mr.
Taylor has done much more to prove this par-
ticular wintering point than to glance at the
appearance of the bees. It is, or ought to
be, suspected that another of that bad family
of humbugs which has been afflicting us lies
right here. A prosperous colony whose sea-
son closed sharply and finally the middle of
July, and which has passed the rest of the
season in a sort of summer hybernation, are
they not really just as hopeful to go into the
winter with as the colony which has been
hustling all the fall ? Restless young begin-
ners, and a lot of us who are not beginners,
have been assuming that they are not — that
something must be done to make 'em breed,
else spring dwindling breakers ahead — but
we don't want our stations to tumble into un-
proved assumptions. Here's an assumption
on the other side, that the colony fussed with
to make it breed in the fall is just the one
that will spring dwindle. And when you get
around to settling this point by experiment,
friend Taylor, look out that you don't make
your fed colony " like a case of itch in dis-
trict school," a morbid excitant to its neigh-
bors— so that they have to bear the disadvan-
tages of feeding without its advantages, and
then be judged in comparison afterward.

THE APICULTURIST,

To the blast of apicultural hard times,
which is sweeping everywhere, the Api. bows
a little— but beyond having her shawl blown
away, and arriving a little late to dinner
sometimes, she's all right so far. A consid-
erable number of articles not editorial ap-
pear lately. Stachelhausen, one of the

strongest and best of American writers, and
who has been missing somewhat for quite
awhile, appears in the September number —
unless, perchance, that paper is a re-publica-
tion. We can ill afford to lose such a pen
as Stachelhausen's ; and whoever knows
where he is secreted ought to poke him out.

W. T. Pepper, a warm hearted beginner
(pepper always was kind 'o warm) has sent
to Sweden to get us some Ijung — which same
is a clover-like plant, yielding abundance of
nectar late in the fall. Apicidturiat, 111.

Stachelhausen thinks it probable that bees
do add formic acid (sting poison) to the
honey before capping it. Thus he willingly
volunteers to t?.ke part of the odium and
chaff to which friend W. F. Clarke has been
subjected. He also suggests that the same
is the natural preventative to foul brood.
Api., 125. I think this theory right in its
main point, but probably wrong as to any
co7isciniis putting in of sting poison for either
purpose. If we open a colony of bees when
they feel cross, especially if they are both
cold and cross, we see the bees in great num-
bers puttmg out their stings ; and directly
the smell of the poison becomes very percep-
tible in the air. Apis poison is very volatile,
and it is said that a minute droplet of it can
be seen on the end of the sting at such times.
If we should fix some arrangement whereby
we could rile up the little animals every five
minutes ivithoitt opening the hire we should
keep the interior air so powerfully impreg-
nated that the absorbent liquids and surfaces
inside would soon be strong of apis. I in-
cline to think this worth trying as a remedy
for bee paralysis, and perhaps for mild foul
brood. Now is it needful for bees to put out
stings in order to have some evaporation of
apis from each well filled poison sac ?
Probably not. If not, then we have 20,000
little " somes " exhaled into a very contract-
ed space, even under ordinary circum-
stances. This, I take it, is sufficient for the
open cells of honey to absorb what they need
to prevent fermentation, also for the comb
surfaces to absorb what they need to prevent
mold from growing, without any intentional
ejection directly from stings. Still, I'm not
sure of this. Bees balling a queen seem to
be ejecting poison intentionally, and possi-
bly they may eject it at other times, and for
other purposes. At least when honey stor-
ing suddenly closes the little villains seem
to have an extra supply of venom that they
are anxious to get rid of.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' RKVIEVl'

23

Three-quarters of the stiiugeucy prevail-
ing in our craft is owing to tlie live-bauded
bee. (See.4pi., ir>4.) So. Well, it's a com-
fort to know what ails us. If we could only
be so happy now as to have a universal hard
winter, in which (according to friend A.)
they all die off, what a blessing it would be !

Prof. Cook denies claiming to have cured
bee paralysis by feeding— 'twas a disease
which he considers a very different thing.
Api., 1.52. This is quite a valuable clearing
up of our confusion-worse-coufoundedness.

And the way R. L. Taylor goes for the
Italian bee, in the opening article for No-
vember, is almost enough to make timid
people climb up on tables. Not only are the
long-landed Italians bad, but if they fail to
be bad 'tis evidence that they are not straight
Italians.

'■ For the specialist in tlie prodaction of comb
honey, I contend that the so-called hybrid, the
cross between the (jerman and the Italian bee, is
immeasurably superior."

Makes me almost jealous and mad to see
brethren go so far beyond me on a favorite
path. And here's a fact which he contrib-
utes that is worth preserving. One of his
first Italian queens, mated to a black drone
because there were no others in the vicinity,
produced bees with four yellow bauds.
Crossing stimulates sporting ; and with
sporting we need not be surprised if some
very queer things turn up.

THE General Round -Up

I have wondered sometimes how far north
successful bee-keeping could go. On page
418 of the Canadian we have the answer.
.Johan Forssell, Secretary of the Swedish
Bee Association, says his apiary is in latitude
591.2^ ; and that bee-keeping is general up to
latitude 02% with an occasional bee-keeper
clear up to the artic circle. So quite a bit
of Greenland is further south than excellent
bee teritory in Sweden. But the most re-
markable thing is still to come. Bees are
wintered on their summer stands. Give us
the healthy bees, and the healthy nectar and
pollen, that were the rule 100 years ago and,
I take it, no one in the United States would
need to bother much with cellars. And if
by the traffic in foreign queens (or other-
wise) our prevailing microscopic lousiness
of bee and flower gets to Sweden, then the
bee-keepers there will need cellars too — if
not a blasted-hopes knot-hole to crawl into
— let 'era listen to me shouting.

In the American Bee Journal, 402, the
swarming question is up again. Our stock
of theories on that subject is large ; but our
collection of positive facts, germane to our
needs, is not at all excessive as yet ; there-
fore the following sentences are worth cull-
ing.

" ] have known a swarm to issue with no
(lueen ill the hive, having been removed a short
time before." ('. ('. Miller.

So the queen didn't give the signal in that

case.

' Bees sometimes seem about half way mad at
their queen at swarmins time." Jennie Atchley.

" I once had a swarm to issue while 1 had the
hive open, and saw the internal excitement, and
1 saw the queen make repeated attacks on a
sealed queen cell; but the guard stood firmly,
and even used force to drive her away." G. W.
Demaree.

I suspect prime swarms often begin to
move out while the queen is attacking a cell,
or at least trying to get near one for purpose
of attack. A'ter a little while the uproar
and rush for the door become so great that
she feels constrained to yield and go out
with the rest.

Jennie Atchley's favorite plan of non-
swarming (.4. B. J., 4(i0) is to cage the
queen and cut the cells. Continue the cag-
ing till the brood is all out ; then release the
queen until signs of swarming begin to ap-
pear, when the same process is gone through
with again. The season i.s not usually long
enough to require more than two cagings.
Excepting when you skip cells this plan is
probably efficient. It looks as if it was too
expensive, both to labor and to the queen's
time, though something like it has been
largely practiced in New York State I be-
lieve.

Mrs. Atchley also thinks that swarming
can be prevented by steadily taking away all
combs full of sealed brood, letting the young
bees emerge elsewhere, and then bringing
them back. Not so sure about that ; but
may-be it's O. K. If this is a sure remedy,
oc- even somewhere near sure, it will be
licked into endurable and workable shape
somstime, by so.nebody. It is not necessa-
rily much work to put in certain combs reg-
ularly, and take them out regularly. But as
for the other plan, nobody can devise a
quick and sure way of getting all the cells
without skii)i)ing. or even of getting the
queens in a great colony with supers on.

W. H. Morse says basswood sprouts split
off from a 8tum[) early in the spring will
grow and make basswood trees quickly. .4.
B. J.. 49(i.

24

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

J. E. Armstroug has a queen wonted to his
hand and its scent in tender years (or days)
and she always comes up and crawls on his
hand when he opens her hive. A. B. J., 498.

Mrs. Atchley thinks her five-banded bees
do not swarm, quite as much as other Ital-
ians, but admits them to be less gentle, and
worse robbers. A. B. J., .52(3.

I believe I haven't said a word yet about
that C. F. Lane method of feeding back
honey to finish sections. Inside a tent ex-
temporize an immense colony by putting
together a number of your weakest ones
(just the right thing to be doing in the fall)
pile on the unfinished sections, and set up
around the hive all sorts of odds and ends of
honey, and combs the last time from the ex-
tractor. Of course properly arranged feeder
pans of extracted honey do not come amiss.
A. B. J., 5()2. This looks, in theory at least,
quite captivating ; and what man ha^; done
man can do.

Sandwich Island bees are said to be of the
German race, rather small and degenerate,
bad tempered — and they have two swarming
seasons in a year. A. B. J.. (!27. One swarm-
ing season in the year will do for me.

Yes, yes ! New Year's Ameriean Bee Jour-
nal is just in : and it has done and gone and
put itself up in a new shape, with a much
larger page. Looks very nice ; and the whole
thing is one of those extra-interesting num-
bers friend York lias a trick of waking up
and making once in awhile. Two brand
new departments — but the botherof itistliey
are under incognito conductors — critics can't
throw clubs and have the satisfaction of
knowing who it is he is " massacreeing."
One is " Bee Master" who describes himself
as a "blooming Hinglislimaii," and wlio
conducts a distinctly Canadian department.
The other is •'Gleaner" and he gleans
among the other bee papers. AUliough
reaching under the straw-stack to shake
hands in the dnrk is not quite so inspiring
as the old relial)li' shake, nevertheless here's
my hand, brother Gleaner.

Tlie opening article of the year (finely il-
lustrated) is one of a series on extracted
honey by Charles Dad ant. It is very at-
tractively written, as well as l)eing packed
with information. The first honey extractor,
it seems, was Von Hruschka's little boy (how
many litt'o boys have there not been wlio
operated valiantly in the same line V yes,
but tliis particular youtii i>ut a piece of not
yet sealed comi) on a plate in his dinner bas-

ket, and, schoolboy-like, whirled it around
his head. Pater-familias was looking on,
saw the result, and invented the extractor.
And the great bee editor of France wrote it
down "a useless toy," and stowed it away
among the cranky queer things of his mu-
seum.

But the good things of this attractive num-
ber have mostly got to go over till next time.
Cause why ? Didn't come till this space
was too nearly written full. Very refreshing
to find an editor who has manifestly been
kicking around in these gloomy times — when
we almost expected them all to lie down in
the snow, like Napoleon's soldiers on the re-
treat from Moscow.

Richards, Lucas Co., Ohio, .Jan. 4, '9.5.

ADVERTISEMENTS

Awarded my FOUNDATION. Send for
Frne Sample mid Larpe illustrated Price List of
everything needed in the apiary.

M. H. HUNT,

9-94-tf Bell Branch. Mich.

•pui 'outAsuuAa n-n-zi

'aaAawN[a^^vM ',) t '-laqenqnci

aq; S93jpp\' "siopap puu SJetpBai o^ ^anoogip
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SI rfcios z^iBM. 'jsa^Bi eqx

BEGINNERS.

BeKinnors should liave a copy of the Amateur
Bee- Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. .1. W. Rouse.
Price 25c., by mail 2ic. The little book and the
Progressive Bop- Keeper (a live progregsive 28
paare monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
any first-clasB dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO Hinqinsville. Mo.

12n3-l2t.

THE ST:: TiTTOr^
GUITARS ^'' MANDOLINES

Oiif HANDLED QV flLt TH£ LCfl01*iG MuSiC STORES
Oak asn Uiraseyo Mapte PJiahogany and ffosowooa.

JOHN F STRATTON tl SON.

"M. usical Mercliandise.

o3 A as walks' St.. NEW rORlv

ri,,ise muMi^n Ch- ni-uinw.

, /.•/■. J-ihh-KEEPERS' Rt VIEW.

25

Apiarian Piiotograplis.

As most of my roailers know, J ain somewhat
interested in pliotofiraphy. and, during the sum-
mer of 18iU, as cacli phase of Ixn- keeping reached
its most interesting staf^e it was carc^fiilly pho-
tograplied. It has occurred to nie that some of
my subscribers might be ghul to get some of
these pictures to use in making cuts, or, possi-
bly, for tlie pleasure of looking at them, hence 1
will describe a few of them.

No. 1, "Side removed from a hive containing
a swarm that has been iiived three days ; the
bees driven back with smoke disclosing the
combs in process of coustruction." In the out-
side frame there are only one or two pieces of
comb, the next frame contains larger pieces, and
the next still larger, the combs in the middle
frame nearly reaching the bottom of the frame.
Mr. Root says it is the best picture of comb that
he has ever seen-

No. 2, 'Just ready to shake a swarm into a
basket preparatory to hiving them." This shows
a large apple tree with a swarm hanging from
the end of one of its limbs and a mnn upon a
step ladder just ready to shake the 6warm into a
large clothes basket,

No. 3, " Frame of comb taken from the brood
nest of a colony that has recently cast a swarm "
Tnis shows the white comb just beneath the top
bar, and below it the sealed brood, both worker
and drone, drones hatching out, and perhaps
half a dozen sealed queen cells, iiverything is
so sharp anil clear tliat one can almost imagine
that it is the real comb instead of the picture.

No. 4, " Worker bee and sting (.with append-
ages attached) enlarged to four diameters."

No ."), " Drone bee enlarged to four diameters."

No. 6, "Queen bee and egg enlarged to four
diameters."

No. 7, " Sectional and front view of comb-
building."

No. 8. " Comh-biiilders hanging in clusters
secreting wax " This shows a frame in which
the workers are hanging in those lung stringing
clusters secreting wax, and in the center is a
small piece of comb just commenced.

No. 51, "Sprig of basswood bloom, white clover
and a section of honey." This is arranged some-
thing like the picture on the front cover of the
Review, and is a very neat and artistic littJe
piece.

No. 10, " Group of queen cells (nearly natural
size) from one of which a (jueen has hatched. '
Many who have seen this prouounco it the gem
of the collection. In looking at it, it is hard to
realize that it is only a picture.

No. 11, "Lining wild bees." This stiows the
river and some pine trees in the background,
while in the foreground upon a stump is a " bee-
box " c<mtaining a comb upon which bees are
at work, wliile at the foot of tiie stump lies a
man watching eagerly to get the '' line " when a
bee starts for home

The above pictures vary in size from 4x.")to
ox,s, and will bo sent by mail and safe arrival
guaranteed for 50 cents each. Order by number.

Then there is the picture of the members of
the St. Joseph convention that I can furnish at
75 cents. This picture is S x 10.

Any of the i)ictnres that are not satisfactory,
or do not come tip to the expi'clations, may be
returned unsoiled, and the money will be re-
funded.

If there is any oijject or feature in bpp-keeping
that some <me wonhi like to have i)liotographed,
1 should he glad to midertrike the job.

W. I. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Micll.

GOLDEN '"^i»" QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1894. For
the price, wo have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1.50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-94-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Reuieiv.

Rv Pphirri Mfiil fine italian queens.

DJf no I 111 11 mail. Bred for Business. Beauty
and (lentlenfss. Untested in June. $1 00; July
to October 75c each; 6 for $4.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular to

TliGO. Bender^

6.94.tt

Canton, Ohio

Headless Queens.

1 only mean that in my yard all queens be-
come ■■ headless" unless their bees prove to be
gentle, beautiful and great honey gatherers. I
have both the three and iive-banded varieties,
bred in si'parate yards, twelve miles apart.
Warranted queens only 60 cts. eacli ; tested, 90
cts. Strong, two-frame nuclei. $1 90 each.
Three- rame, $2.35 ; tour-frame, $2.f!'0. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed

l-y4-12t. J. H. GOOD, Vawter Park, lud.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER,

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he

I would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-

I ing such a machine.

Printing Press for Sale

In t)ie office of the Review is a toot power,
self inking. Nonpareil printing press with a
chase (ix 10 inches in size. This press is in per-
fect order and belongs to a compositor who has
set a large proportion of the type for the Re-
view, but poor health compels him to go West,
and tlie press must Tje sold .\ny one in need of
such a 1)1 ess can secure a bargain by addressing
(HAS FELLOWS, Jr,

Flint, Mich.

EE SUPPLIES I

.Send forfreecopyof IIwltUSTRATEl*
'OATALOGUE-descrlbing evervtliing
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. O. Newman, 147 So.Wostern Ave.. Chicago.

POTATO CRATES an.i Bee Hlveg
are my specialtlir.. I nee list free. Audit's^.
.). .M KINZIK,
1-95-12. liochester. Oakland Co., Mich.

2B

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOH CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
liis

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

420 Lbs^verage.

420 lbs. average is what my bees gave that 1
moved to the mangrove ; those at home, 300 lbs.

each.

Five-Banded Bees

too. Queens bred for business from this stock
will be sent out . in season of '9.5 for $1.00 each
until May, per dozen, $8.00 Circular free.

12-94-tf.

J. B. CASE,

Port Orange, Fla.

^ NaiDbS of Bee - Keepers, i

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

a m

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alijhabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A' manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but 1 now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTC;HINS0N, Flint, Mich.

SAVE JIONEY,

It is always economy to buy the
best, especially when the best costs
no more than something not half so
good. OUR FALCON SECTIONS
are acknowledged to be superior to
any on the market. The same is also
trueof <.iir HIVES and BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make
all modern styles. OUR PRICES
will be found as low as those of any
of our competitors, and in many
cases lower, and you are always sure
of getiing first-class gnodf. We also
publish THE AMERICAN BEE-
KEEPER, a monthly magazine (fifth
year) at .50c. a year, invaluable to
beginnert--. Large illustrated cata-
logue and price list free.
.■\^ddress

THE W.T. FALCONER MANTG CO.,

•lAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. iM. (ierrish of East Nottingham,
N H., is our Eastern agent. New
England customers may save freight
by purchasing of him

Please mention the Reuiew.

THe m€Ai Bee rovni) ii7 last i

A Superior ^trziii? of GoNen itZLliz^ps

The result of thiiteen years' careful brooding and selection. They are gentle, iiidus-
trh)Us, good comb builders, enter the sections readily, cap their honey the whitest,
;ire notinclined fo swarm, and are second to none in beauty, : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing lioncy. Price of young
queens, warranted purely mated, in April and Mav, $1.25 each ; six for $(1.(10. In
Juno. $1.00 each; six for $5.00 From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $4.50.
The price of tested queens, bees by the pound, nuclei and full colonies given upon
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

SECTIOyS5, $2.00 per 1,000. Lovetailed Hives at bott<
particulars, send 'or descriptive catalogue.

For full
l-ai-tf

C. D. DUVAIiL, Spenoerville, Mont. Co.. Maryland.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

27

If you aie not using the

New Heddon Hive

It may seem incredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results with considerable loss
labor and much more comfort than with otljer
stylos of hives, but a fair and impartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as set lorth in my circu-
lar, will show that this statement is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for the asking.
ll-9:i-tf A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Out.

Pleaf

ntion *he Reuieu/.

OH, FOR CANADA.

For 18i»5 I will handle the G. B. Lewis Co.,
SNOW WHITE SECTIONS -the best in the
world. Samples free, I will make Dovetailed
Hives of the finest lumber. 1 shall also rear and
sell Five-Banded Queens. Last year I sold 1,887,
and only two were lost in the mail. Send for my
new circular and price list that will be out Jan-
uary Ist. N. H. SMITH,

Tilbury C enter. Ont., Canada.

11 -M-tf. Lock Box A.

P/pQSr rnt'i.i'on the Review.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOR, 1894_

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H, BROWN,
1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia.

Please mention the Review.

HATCH CHICKENS ^^ "^'^'^

With the MUi>KL

Excelsior Incubator.

Simple, Per/ect, Self-Regu-
lating. Thousands in success-
ful operation. Guaranteed to
hatch a larger percentage of
fertile eggs at less cost than
«ny other Hatoher. Lowest
priced flrat-claas Hatcher
made. GEO. H. STAHL,
114ta 1S2 8.eth8t., Qn.ncj, III.

Please mention tlie Review,

BEE - KEEPERS'

SUPPLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St, N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

Please mention the Review.

THE STRATTON

"Harp" and "Manhattan" Guitar

Warranted not to Crack. iVo Guitars .sold
t retail. Dealers rdease send for Illu.stratcd
ntalogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON & SON,

*^3 & 45 Walker Street, NEW YORK.

Your Hon^y A\arH^t.

IF NOT SUPPLIED, send eight cents for
samples and prices of the finest honey in the
world, gathered from alfalfa and clover. Very
cheap. Address

OLIVER FOSTER.

11-94-tf. Las Animas, Colo.

NEW YORK CITY

Is the center of more K. R. and Ex. Go's, than
any Other place in the country. That means low
transportation charges. Combined with this the
fact that our prices are low and supplies first-
class, shows a reason WHY you should send for
.^ur circular.

1. J. STRINGHAM,
10.5 Park Place, 1-91-12 New York, N. Y.

r/,TiS'. 'n.'ntinn the Review

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

"BOSS" "ONE-PIECE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CR.\TES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

Jan. Ist, 1891.

J. FOI?r4CI?OOK & CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

t^niiun the Review.

Loc2iI 5upply Dealers,

1 have gotten out a circular that is of specia
interest to you. Send me your address and I
will send you cue. Never mind if you only supply your neighbors with supplies, you are
the mm to whom I wish to talk — to unfold a plan that will be to our mutual benefit.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

28

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REi^lEW.

\
\

DAD ANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — tiiat from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal, to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. ^^ DADANT & SON, HamiltOH, IIIS.

P;\oTo-ETc;iiNi-

Wood ENCifiAVING

1L\LF Tones
Cuts Fnrnlslied for all Illustrailng Purposes

Please mention the Reuiew,

^^^fc. V/ (,»iiGen8 rank with the best in
#" "Tf" "^ f the world. I roar none ex-

■ I ■ crpt the best Italians bred for

■ I I buRiness, beauty and all good

■ I I qualities. I strive to excel, and

■ ^ ■ have Khipped to every State and

■ 1 to foreign countries, and if I have
M \ ''^ dissatisfied customer, 1 don't
r A know it. A large niimber of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and
.5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 band, $:iOO. Untested,
$1.00. Reference, A. I. Koot. W. H. LAWS,
2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

Pleti

ntion the Reuiew.

BEE SMOKER

Pafd 1878, lS82,ii 1S9'.'.

pHil Cheapest & Best on Earth.

Send Card for Circular to

Mngliam & Hethcriiigton

ABROKIA, MICH.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee 8iii)p]ie8; Root's goods at Root's
l)rices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 9").12t Indianapolis, Ind.

Pleas f mention the Reuiew.

Largiest Factory in the West. g.o.

COMPLETE STOCK.

id Supplies audliO'w Prices, Our Motto
We are here to serve you and will if you give us a chance. Catalogue Free. Adderss,
L.EAHY A\aWUP/\CTURI/HG CO., Hi<S«!«nsvilI«, f\o.

Feb,, 1895.

At Flir]t, Micl^igaq, — Or\e Dollar a Year.

80

THE BEE-KEEPERS' MEVIEW.

flOVEI^TISIf^G f^ATES.

AU advert] gements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 centB per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

Oil 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; it times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
timeSi 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Ltist.

1 will send the Review with^

Gleanings, ($1.00) fl.75.

American Bee J ournal ( l.OO^ 1.75.

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00) 1.75.

American Bee Keeper . . , ( .50) , . : 1 .40.

Frogiessive Bee Keeper... ( ..50) 1 .'JO.

Apiculturist ( .75) 1.65.

CHICAGO 111.— Sales on honey of all grades
have been very slow the last week and will con-
tinue so we expect until the middle of January.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15: No. 1
white, 14 ; fancy amber, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 amber, \'A ;
white, extracted. 7. Beeswax, 37.

J. A. LAMON.

Dec. 24. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

Honey Quotations,

The following rules for grading houey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy. —All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un
pven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
" No. 1 dark," etc.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Honey market is quiet as
weather is colder. Stocks are not large, but the
trade from now ou will be a " piecing out " de-
mand. Demand for extracted honey is improv-
ing. Beeswax scarce. We quote as follows :
Fancy white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ; fancy
amber, 12 to 13; No. 1 amber, 10 to 11; fancy
dark, 10 to 11; No. 1 dark, 9 to 10; white, ex-
tracted, 6V^ to 7 ; amber, extracted, 6 to (>}■■>;
dark, extracted, 5 to SUi.

H. R WRIGHT,

Dec. 1. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

C;HICAG0, 111. — Shipments of comb honey
should be made now or not until the latter part
of January, as, after the Christmas time, honey
is of slow sale for some weeks. We (juote as
follows : Fancy white, 15 ; No. 1 white, 13 t(i 14 ;
fancy amber, 11 t<. \'z\ fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. 1
dark, S to 9; whitr, extracted, 0*4 to 7 ; amber,
extracted, B to iJUj ; dark, extracted, 5. Bees-
wax, 27 to 28.

K. A. BURNETT & CO..

Dec. 1. lea ,So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

KANSAS C'lTY, Md.— We quote as follows :
No, 1 white, 14 to 15; No. 1 amber, 12 to 13; No.
1 dark, 10 to 11; white, extracted, 6}^; amber,
extracted, 5 to ti ; dark, extracted. 4i>^to 5. Bees-
wax, 22 to 25.

C. C. CLKMONS CO.,

Jan. ai . 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— Trade is very slow with a
liberal stock in marJcet, and very little is doing
except moderate sales of fancy. We quote aw
follows: Fancy white, 13 to 14; No. 1 white, 12
to 12t^ ; fancy dark. 9 to 20 ; No. 1 dark. 8 to 9 :
white, extracted, tj to 7 ; dark, extracted, 4 to 5.
BATTERSON & CO.,

Jan. 21 . 107 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N . Y.

MINNEAPOLIS, lVIiun.,-Our market quota-
tions to-day are very discoui-aging. Prices are
very low and our people seem to be baying very
light. There can be no encouragement ottered
for immediate shipments. However, we feel
confident that tlie spring will bring better re-
sults. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 16 to
17 ; No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; fancy amber, 13 to 13^2 ;
No. 1 amber, 12 to 12i/^; fancy dark, 11; No, 1
dark, 10; white extracted, 7 ; amber, extract«d,
6; dark, extracted 4)^.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Jan. 22.

NEW YORK, N. Y.-The demand for comb
honey is very light. The market is well stocked
and in order to move it in round lots, it wiU be
necessary to make liberal concessions from rul
ing quotations. We have nothing new to report
in extracted. The supply is large and demand
limited. Beeswax is in good demand. We
quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13; No. I
white, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 10 to 11 ; fancy
dark 9 to 10; No. 1 dark, 9; white, extracted, 6
to 6;}4; amber, extracted, 514 to 6; dark, ex-
tracted, 5 to 5'.: Beeswax, 31 to 32.

HILDRETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN,

Jan. 21 2» A;^0 West Broadway New York.

SENT FREE.

Your friend L'. E. Hasty has somewhat to
advertise ■-

To wit, suiiit eery ^inceie religions reading.
But if you are a member of a sect it wH'
very possibl;) make 1/0 1 angry. '1 ry it
nevertheless.

1 am intert'BiiHl in bees, as yon kjmw, but
very mucli more interested in this Will those
who have leail my apicultural writing in the
Review, possibly with pleasure, do metne favor
and the court esj to listen to me in this more im-
portant mutter : Send a stamp to pay return
postage, if you f.^el genercjusly inclined -but the
tracts will coiiu- if you omit that part of it.

Please send your name and address to
£. E. HASTY.
2-95-3t Rlclxsrda, Lnoas Co., Ohio.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

31

Are not always the result of the same cause. The}-
may come from starvation ; from poor food ; from
improper preparations ; from imperfect protection ; from
a cold, wet, or, possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar ;
etc., etc. Successful wintering- comes from a proper
combination of different conditions. For clear, con-
cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all - im-
portant points, consult "Advanced Bee Culture."
Five of its thirty - two chapters treat as many different
phases of the wintering- problem.

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the
book for $1.35. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mieh.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

oi different styles and sizes, made by ('. ^^'.
Costellow. and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Muth's :::;

— If you are going to —

BXJY a BTJZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of tlie Keview. He lias a
new Barnes saw to sell and would Ije glad to
make you happy by tellint: you the price at
which he world fp3I it.

lEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
-Blast Smokers
Square eiziss Honey Jarj, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Ch.\s. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers.

7-94-tf Phn„^ A* „f;o„ the ".uie..

EE SUPPLIES!

1 Send for free copy of IL-LT STR ATED
FCATALOGl'i:— describing everythint
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. e. Newman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

LISTEN HERE ! M-Page Bee-Book ^

Toevery NewSubsfribersending-ll.OO for the Weekly Aiiiericaii Bee Journal for a

year. (The book is " Be s and Honey " by Thos. G. Newmani. Besides articles from the best

by Dr. Peiro; and ■• Amonpthe Bee-Papers" by '-Gleaner." who gleans the best from all the
bee-papers each week. Sparc forbids telling more. Better send lor Free Sample Copy, or
$1.00 as per above offer, i^' :20-€ent Trial TripCJ months or l.-j wks.) to New sub-cribers.
Address, GEORGE W. YORK & po., 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago, III.

32

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlr.n .

OUR 1895 CATALOG

Is now oiil wilh a new cover and an eleg"ant eng'ravetl front-cover
(lesi;4-n. It has been entirely re-arrang-ed, larg-ely re-written, and,
besides a lot of new eng'raving's, is packed full of useful information
on bees, so that it is now more than ever a uni([ue

TEXT BOOK ON BEES, - - ^
^ ^ ^ F^REE FOR THE ASKING.

The assortment of supjjlies has been carefully selected, so that
now we olfer only what are the latest and most practicable and use-
ful appliances - all the "old stvles " being- eliminated. Our new
machinerv and g-eneral enlarg-ements enable us to make the most and
best g-oods we ever turned out. Send your name on a postal, and
find out all about what we are doing-.

The A. I. ROOT Co., Medina, Ohio.

SOUTHERN HOWIE mu^'l^i, The . Aspinwall « Hive

Where ><)U (Mil bll,\ (HHHMIS l.S HOod !18 iIk^ liebt,

eit.lior I'rorn ;iii iiiiporlcd or a (iiildpii lliiliau
inotlior; KH.'inuitooii to ho frci- fciii p.iralj>if.
lit 75 centH eacli, (i, *l 00; 12, *7 50. 'lV-.tod, $1.00
each: (i. $.-|.'0; I:>,$',1,00. AftHi- .)un.' 1-t. r)U cotKs
each for miteslcd; ti, fi-'O; 12. *I.OO. TohikI. 7.".
cents cacli;!'). $1.1(1; 12. i)i7.50 (iood lircctieis
|!2.00oach. Straiulit Ave baiuli d or "faulilo h"
(liiceiiH, f2..')0 (• ch. Iiecs by the pound. 75 ccmHk
a pound. All our iroldcn. tested ipuvnis pioduc'
five-banded woikeis. Satislaciion Kuaiantoed
Descriptive circular free. Address

lltiFSTICDLKK 1!I{()S.,
l-i)5-!lt. Clarksville, Texas.

PHENT. WIRED, COMB FOOND.VflON

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Thill, Flat Bottom Foiuiilatioii

HAS NO KISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

HeiiiK the cl(u\nest. it is usually

worked quicker than any fdii. made.

J. VAN DKUSKN At SONS,

(SOLE MANUFAOTUUEUS),

S-«0-tf Sprout Brook. Mont. ('o.,N-y

MI CAIALOCUE,

My new CntaloKue doB-

cribinfj tho largest and

best stock in Ohio, will be sent free to every

reader of this [laperon application. Prices low.

W. N. St'AHKK,

1-St5;it, New ('arlisle, Ohio.

The Hive for Bees.

Tbc Hive for Bee -Keepers.

Send for illustrated circular

ASIMNW.VLL MANUF.VCTUlUNCi (X).,
2 05-:U. Jackson, Mich.

RUBBER STAMPS

Before buyinR send
for Catalogue.

Norwalk Rubber Stamp Works, Norwalk, 0.

The (§ee-)\eepeps' |\evieOL'

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$1,00 A YEAR,
W. z. HDTCeiNSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL, VII

LIN'

FEB. 10, 1895.

NO, 2.

AVork at jVCidiigan's

Experimental

-A-piarv.

K. L. TAYLOB, APIAEIST.

THE PHEVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF

SWARMING.

¥ITH m a n y
t li e chief
source of mixiety
and HiiuoyKiice in
the bu^iti s of
lice - keepiim i s
the factof swaim-
i n g. Prorniiieut
among the Pever-
a 1 r a son s of
swarming being
the cause of dis-
foinfort are the
followii)g : First it is generally attended
aniong the mass of bee-keepers with the
feeling iliat the swarm i.-^ liable to escape
and indeed if it wills so to do nothing can
be done on the part of the bee-keeper to
prevent it ; second, swarming comes at a
tinif when as a rule the bee-keeper is very
l)usy with work which generally takes him
away from the vicinity of the apiary ; third,
the securing of the swarm when everything
is left to go in nature's way is exceedingly
burdensome and laborious on account of the
oppressive character of the weather which is

almost certain to attend swarming as well as
on account of anxiety and tiie unwanted ex
ercise of climbing trees and pursuing escap-
ing swarms ; and, fourth, the unsatisfactory
character of the experience which one is
very liable to get of watching for days for
the issuing of swarms with barren results.

Many have been the devices and methods
invented and used not only for the making
of the hiving of swarms easy and even for
hiving them automatically, hut also for the
prevention of swarming altogether. And
first concerning the methods by which
swarming may be managed comparatively
safely and easily. It would scarcely be nec-
essary to mention these for the good of those
who make bee-keeping their chief occupa-
tion, but they will no doul)t be largely new
and useful to the mnjorily of those to whom -
the bulletins of the experiment station go.
So far as I have experimented largely, so
that I can tlierefore speak witii the fullest
assurance, these methods are two, the clip-
ping of the queens' wings and the u.se of
traps for catching the queens when they at-
tempt to go out with a swarm.

The fundamental reason which accounts
for the effectiveness of these methods is that
swarms will never go away to stay unless ac-
companied by a queen, but it should be
borne in mind that the queen need not
necessarily be the one to which the swarm
has been accustomed, as a swarm, in the ab-
sence of its own (lueen, will readily accept
any other laying queen, and, less readily, a
virgin queen, or one that has not yet begun

34

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIj

to lay, should it be joiued by either while it
is in the air or in a cluf^ter iu a tree.

The only tliiny necessary then to ( ft'ectu-
ally remove all anxiety or uncertainty about
the loss of swarms is to have a wing of all
queens so cliin)ed that none can join the
swarm in the air and the result would be,
if the apiarist were not present to order
otherwise, that the swarm would return to
the hive whence it issued accompanied in
all probability by the queen (which is near
by on the ground) if the hive is so placed, as
it should be, that she can readily reach it
from the ground without flying. In such
case the swarm will be likely to issue again
and again on successive fine days till it is
observed and given a new home. When the
swarm returns it will generally spread over
the outside of the hive or cluster on the front
of it in such a manner that the owner,
though not very observant, would be almost
sure to discover that a swarm had issued
from that hive and returned, and he would
take steps to divide it or be on hand to take
care of it when it Issued on the succeeding
day. In the latter case, when the swarm be-
gins to issue, he will go to the side of the
hive and watch upon the ground in front for
the appearance of the queen and when dis-
covered he will allow her to rim up into a
simple cage, prepared beforehand, from a
piece of wire cloth three or four inches
square, and fasten her iu. While in the
cage she must be kept out of the direct rays
of the sun unless the bees have gathered in
considerable numbers about her. Now the
apiarist may take either of two courses, place
the cage with the (lueen in a basket and lift-
ing the basket on a pole or otherwise near to
the place where the swarm appears to be pre-
paring to cluster the bees will be likely to
discover the queen and cluster in the basket
and if the bees are already clustered they
may be shaken into the basket where with
little trouble they will stay with the queen,
when they may be hived wherever desired by
pouring them out upon the ground in front
of the hive designed for them which must
be so placed that they can run into it with-
out taking wing. When the bees begin to
enter freely the (lueeu should be released
and allowed to go in also. Or, instead of
this course, when the queen is caged, move
the hive, from which the bees came, back
and turn the entrance around, then placing
the hive designed for the swarm where the
old one stood and (luttingthe caged queen in

the shade near its entrance await the return
of the swarm, when they are hived with the
queen as before. Some years almost all
swarms return very soon without clustering,
other years almost all cluster and are slow
about returning. In the former case the
placing of the new hive on the stand of the
old one is almost a necessity and in the lat-
ter case, even when the new hive is put on
the old stand, shaking the bees into a basket
will be found desirable.

In case the queen should be lost or killed
on account of issuing with a swarm in the
absence of the owner tlie bees would return
and not swarm again, at least until a young
queen emerged from its cell which would
ordinarily be eight or nine days, when, if the
flow of nectar lias continued, a swarm would
be certain to issue led by a young queen
which of course would be able to fly and so
liable to lead the swarm to parts unknown,
but if the flow of nectar has wholly ceased
the colony is not very likely to cast a swarm.
This after-swarming in which a young queen
accompanies the swarm is a case in which
the clipping of queens' wings cannot be
made to afford the protection it does with
old queens since it would be both inconven-
ient to clip such queens as well as certain
destruction to their usefulness if they should
be clipped. No queen can, with impunity,
be deprived of her powers of flight before
she begins to lay.

When and how to clip will be of much in-
terest to beginners. During the first de-
cidedly warm weather in spring while the
bees are busy with the early flowers is per-
haps, on the wiiole, the best time, as then the
queen is more easily found on account of the
comparative fewness of the l)ee*andthe con-
dition of each colony can be fully determin-
ed at the shhk time. Tlie (juickest way to
find the (luct'ii can best be learned by experi-
ence. Air the tiinoof the year referred to she
may gen'iia'l\ be found quite readily upon
the combs if the frames can be so carefully
moved as not to frighten the bees, but if the
colony be i)opulous or the bees easily fright-
ened she may sometimes be more easily
found by sliaking the bees off the combs
upon the smooth ground in front of the hive
and then watching for her as the bees are
running into the hive. In such case a queen
trap or other <|ueen excluder placed on the
entrance of tlio hive will simplifj m-.itteis by
allowing the workers to pass into the hive
but shutting tlie queen out \Vhere after a lit-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

35

tie time she may be quite readily discovered.
Wheh she is found let the operator, being
provided with a small pair of sharp scissors,
sit down, and, carefully seizing the queen by
the wings with the thumb and fore finger of
the right hand, let her seize the clothing on
his knee with her feet, then, holding her
gently but firmly by the head and shoulders
to the knee with the thumb and linger of the
left hand, and taking the scissors in the
right hand, clip off about two-thirds of one
of her large wings. I like to take the clip-
ping from the inside of the wing, leaving a
large part of the rigid outer edge of the wing.
In this way she is much less disfigured. By
clipping the right wing of queens hatched in
even years, and the left wing of those hatch-
ed in odd years, the age of almost every
queen can be determined at a glance.

Next, as to the use of the queen trap. For
the few who possibly may not understand, I
may say briefly that the trap is a small box
made so as to close the entrance of the hive
except for the passages through perforated
zinc with which it is fitted. The perfora-
tions admit the free passage of the workers
but are too small to allow the queen to pass
out, and, in attempting to do so in swarm-
ing, she will usually find her way up through
a wire cloth cone to an upper appartment
where she is securely trapped.

The use of the trap in the management of
swarming is almost self-evident. As no
swarm will desert the apiary unless attended
by a queen if a trap is properly fixed to the
entrance of the hive no queen can get out, so
the danger of loss of bees on account of
swarming, is entirely done away with. The
trap, it seems to me, must be of especial
value to those who keep so small a number
of colonies in one place that it is not profita-
ble to employ a person to watch them con-
tinually during the swarming season as well
as to those who for any roason are unable to
do so.

The traps are so made that bees in the
upper apartment may be readily seen from
the outside and when they are used tliey
should be examined as often as every two or
three days that those colonies that have cast
swarms may be discovered and taken care
of. When a swarm has issued and returned
and the queen is trapped there will be found
from a small cluster to a quart or more of
bees in the trap with tlie queen so that it is
easy to determine the colonies which have
cast swarms, by simply looking at the traps

as one passes along in front of the hives. Of
course when found the colonies must be
taken care of by taking out sufficient bees to
go with the queen to make a new colony, by
dividing combs and bees, or otherwise. If
a swarm is discovered when it is out it should
be hived as described heretofore where I
speak of clipping queens.

If after-swarms are possible, traps should
be kept on the colonies from which prime
swarms have issued till the danger is past,
which may be from eight to sixteen days ac-
cording to management. The trap should
be removed from such colonies, as soon as
the danger is past, to allow the young queen
to take her mating flight. Care must be
taken that no young queen in taking that
flight is caught in the trap and allowed to
perish there.

So valuable have both these methods
proved to be to me that I would not willingly
forego the use of either though I watched
my bees continually during the swarming
season.

The traps are also useful for the capture
and destruction of useless drones but care
should be taken that the drones from one or
more choice colonies have full liberty
throughout the season.

Lapeeb, Mich. Feb. 2, 189;".

>if^^r§~^'f^^'^

Conditions that Bee - Keepers Will be Com-
pelled to Meet.

G, M. DOOLITTLE.

TT was with more
1 than usual in-
terest that I read-
t h e editorial i n
last Review under
the title "Will the
Bee - Keeping of
the Future Differ
From that of the
Past?" for it
seemed lik3 a bit
of history all of
my own, and one
which I was glad would be preserved through
the Review, so that our children's children
could know something of what bee-keeping
was in the nineteenth century. I can well
remember the box hive days, with the rows
of board hives on the benches in the back
yard of my childhood home, of the section

36

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

of the old tree, having bees in it taken from
the forest, as a start, called a "log gum,"
of the change from " taking up " the lightest
and heaviest hives in the fall to the putting
on of the 15-pound boxes for surplus honey ;
then the change from these large boxes to
the 6-pound " caps," from these to the two
pound sections, and from these to the one
pound and smaller sections of to-day. All
of this has come to pass within the last half
century, and all been seen with my own
eyes, and handled with my own hands.

I can also recall how the vast forests loom-
ed up where now there is scarcely such a
thing as a forest, simply small bits of wood-
land so sparsely occupied with timber that
you can almost look through them ; how the
old mill used to run the year around with
water from the brook, while now the old bed
of what is a raging river almost, at some
time of the year, and no brook at all the
larger part of the summer season, is as
noted for its absence of fish as it used to be
with us boys for the many of the finny tribe
we used to angle for with a twine string to
which was attached a bent pin for a hook at
one end, and a willow sprout at the other
end for a pole. Yes, all this has happened
within fifty years, yea, within forty years,
and as the editor says, all these changes
brought about by the onward march of civil-
ization have been against the surety of a crop
of honey each year. The change in the mode
of apiculture has been to the advantage of
the world, but of what consequence are im-
proved methods of apiculture unless there
are nectar-producing flowers. I firmly be-
lieve that there are places in the United
States which have in the past produced flora
of sufficient amount to make apiculture very
profitable, which will soon have to be aban-
doned altogether for such use, on account of
this change which has come over the country
under our advanced civilization. In such
places as these the only thing that can be
done is for the bees to succumb to the inevit-
able. There are still other places,, as alluded
to by the editor, where bee-keeping, as a
specialty, can be carried on for all time.
But what about those places, which go to
make the great average of the country, where
bees can make more than a living for a short
period during the year, so that in really
good years they give a surplus to their keep-
ers, over and above what they consume ?
For such places I see nothing but non-
specialty. Bro. Hutchinson says " he has

always advotated specialty." In this he has
differed from myself, for I do not believe
that the greatest good can come to the great-
est number, where specialty is applied along
the line of agriculture. Not but what I be •
lieve that, financially speaking, a specialist
may do better than one following mixed
farming, unless we except bees and some
few other things, but when we come to call
the greatest good, dollars and cents, we are
making one of the greatest mistakes possi-
ble. I would have every persd^ become in-
terested in bees for the grander, higher and
more noble views which may come to them
through bee-keeping, if for nothing more.
I would also have them keep bees for the
health and recreation there is in this part of
agriculture, letting the looking after the bees
be to them as a play spell, if I may be al-
lowed such expression, for in this will come
a rest of body and mind, and also a leading
out of thought from nature to nature's God,
thus in a certain sense bringing all face to
face with Him with whom we all have to do,
and before whom we must all appear at the
close of life to give an account of our stew-
ardship while here below. If beyond and
above this there shall be something of a
financial nature, or some of the precious
sweets from the hive for our families, this
will appear as profit ; for the fun, etc., we
may get out of keeping a few bees will as
fully pay expenses as is ever done when hav-
ing socials, parties, or tramping off through
fields and wood with rod or gun.

One thing in the editorial I take excep-
tions to, and that is the sentence " Farmers
dropped the business (bee-keeping) because
they could buy their honey more cheaply
than they could produce it." If there was
ever a time in which this held true it certain-
ly is not at the present time. I appeal to
you, Mr. Editor, if this is not so ? Only
think of a farmer giving a bushel of wheat
for four pounds of honey, or of his giving a
pound of wool for one and one-half pounds
of honey, and then say that he can raise the
former more cheaply than he can produce
the latter ! No! No!! Heleft off bee-keep-
ing because the hard winters killed off his
bees after tlic forest had been cut off, so that
he became discouraged, and not taking the
bee literature of the day so as to overcome
the wintering' problem, he unwillingly left
off that branch of agriculture, and as a rule
his family as unwillingly went without the
honey. Under the grinding heel of the

iHia BEE-KEEPERS uFAIEW.

37

money power, the prices of all products of
the farm has so depreciated in value that the
farmer of to-day has hard work to "make both
end's meet," to say nothiutj about buying
a luxury like houey, while the avarage bee-
keeper finds himself in nearly the same po-
sition. In 1874 twelve pouudsof honey would
buy a ton of coal, while to day it takes forty-
two ; in 1874 ten pounds of honey would buy
a pair of boots, while to-day it takes twenty-
tive pounds to buy the same boots. So it
will be seen that if we are to look for a
bonanza in bee-keeping, only as it comes to
us through the good health and recreation
there is in it. we are to be disappointed. And
while I say this, I wish also to say that finan-
cially, bee-keeping ranks favorably with any
other branch of agriculture, where there are
any flowers to secrete honey, and the person
having bees follows along the line of mixed
farming. But the farmer is having a hard
time of it, as is all of the wealth producers
of the present time, and unless a change
comes, the twentieth century will scarcely
dawn upon us before we are a nation of
slaves. One-seventieth of the population of
the United States holds three-fourths of the
wealth we possess, while the other sixty-nine
seventieths are forced to annually contribute
from 25 to 40 per cent, of their earnings to
help lift on high the multi-millionaires in
the former. There are other evils in this
land of ours besides the clearing away of
that which gave to the bee-keepers of the
past the sunshine they have had in our
favored pursuit.
BoEODiNO, N. Y. Feb. 1, 189.5.

why Given Foandation is Brittle.

0. p. DADANT.

y RIEND HUTCHINSON :— Please excuse
ly delay in complying with your request to
give you our impressions on the Taylor ex-
periments. It was simply a little oversight.
The two experiments and the explanations
given by friend Taylor show very clearly
one thing that we have always held, and that
is, that the Given foundation is, with the
very best of care, the most irregular founda-
tion that is made. These experiments show,
also, what most of us already know, that the
greater weight of foundation to the s(iuare
foot gives a more readil.x built comb and of
greater depth of cell and also a heavier comb

in which the lish-boue is more pronounced.
In regard to what you say of the quality of
beeswax after being manipulated, I will
state that it is a mistake to say that the more
or less ductility is due to the manner in
which it has been melted. Its greater or
less ductility is all due to the more or less
manipulation that it undergoes when cool.
Perhaps you will remember that yon and I
and Heddon had a private talk on this subject,
quite a while ago, at the N. A. meeting of
Detroit, in 1886, I believe. J was comparing
roiled foundation to wrought iron and Giv-
en or cast foundation to cast iron. The
more I see of this, the more I am convinced
that the comparison was correct. It is for
this reason that foundation made on the
mills will bend and be pliable and soft at a
temperature where the Given will fall to
pieces. Can you bring this as an argument
in favor of Given foundation ? Then you
might as well hold that wax in cakes is
more easily manipulated by the bees than
that which has been even only slightly press-
ed, like the Given. But here is another
point. Foundation which has been standing
a long time, becomes more and more brittle,
until at the end of a couple of years, a piece
of moulded foundation is about as brittle as
a fresh piece of Given foundation. Does
that make it better for the bees ? Some
hold that it does just the reverse, and I know
of many bee-keepers who want only fresh
foundation, owing to that fact. But they,
also, are only asserting without proof, for a
test made in the hive, of foundation two
years old and of sheets made only two hours
previous proved to me evidently that when
the sheets are in the hive, the warmth of the
bees renders them as easy of manipulation
as one another, or, in other words, the bees
work the one as readily as they do the other.

Tliere is, however, one great drawback to
brittle foundation. It cannot be transported
readily. That is one thing that will always
stand in the way of the Given, except for
those bee-keepers who have the time, the
taste and the patience to make their own
foundation just at the time when they need
it, and even these will soon discover that
they can more readily, more pleasantly and
more regularly run their wax through a mill
than through a press and that, upon the
whole, the labor will be more satisfactory and
the result more uniform.

One thing, let me say, upon which I will
agree with friend Taylor. There is nothing

38

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

better for progress than investigations, tests
and discussions. It is those things that spur
us on and keep ns out of the rut of routine.
We need such things, for the world moves
on. Mr. Langstroth once said to me, after
visiting one of our apiaries while a crew of
four men was busy extracting honey from
Langstroth hives with Langstroth frames
and after the Langstroth methods : "I have
been practically out of the bee business for
twenty years and I must acknowledge that I
am twenty years behind the times. These
are my hives and my methods, but they are
so improved in the details that I do not
recognize them. The world moves indeed."
Hamilton, 111. Jan. 21, 189.5.

The Part That Locality Plays in Deciding

Upon the Best Size for the Brood

Chamber.

J. E. CRANE.

TT is not often
1 that I "take my
ijk ^» pen in hand" to

M M write to any of

?• -^:;sflt IfilfeJK the bee journals.

So that while I
miss saying many
things I would like
to say, I am at
least left to judge
more disinterest-
edly in regard to
what others write,
because I have not committed myself to
many of the views advanced.

As I look back over the years there seems
to be something of fashion in bee-keeping
as in other things. Only a few years ago,
revolving hives and frames were the fashion
though we hear but little of them now. Far-
ther back, large brood chambers were strong-
ly advocated, and, later, smaller ones have
been considered best ; and, now, again, like
the sleeves of a fashionable dressed woman,
the tendency is to enlargement. Meanwhile
Dr. Miller sits serenely on the fence, the
most sensible man in the crowd.

I do not now remember any good reason
for the adoption of a large brood chamber,
unless it has been that bees do better in
them. And so small hives were adopted be-
cause they were thought to be more profita-

ble than large ones. It has surprised me
that so little proof, by actual experiment,
has been offered. Surely here is a nut for
the " Experiment Station " to crack. And
yet, I duubt if it were conclusively proved
that large hives were better than small ones
in a giv'/u apiary, it would follow that they
would be better in some other apiary five
miles away. Here in mv home apiary I use,
mostly, hives with seven or eight Lang-
stroth frames. Some years ago I brought
in six or seven hives with large brood cham-
bers— ten or more combs. As the combs
were crooked and irregular I let them re-
main for several years as they were unless it
was to remove the surplus drone comb and
substitute worker comb, instead. And now
I think I can say that I received twice the
profit, on an average, from my colonies in
small brood cliambers than I did from those
in large brood chambers.

More than this, within a few years, a
neighbor has put out an apiary near me. He
worked for me two seasons and knew very
well how to care for bees before that, but he
has kept his own stock in large brood cham-
bers, while I have kept mine in small. I
told him recently that I thought that he had
not received one-half the profit to the hive
that I had ami he was quite ready to agree
with me.

Now, does not all this prove quite conclu-
sively that a small brood chamber is better
than a large one ? It certainly looks so.
But hold on a little. I have several out api-
aries. One of them, six miles away, I have
for several years kept mostly on seven or
eight Laugstroth frames. Close by it my
brother's wife has a small apiary in large
brood chambers with ten or eleven Lang-
stroth combs to the hive. She does not be-
lieve in feeding. Says that if her bees can-
not get their own living they may die. So
she did not feed at all the past season while
I had to feed (juite heavily both spring and
fall, and her yard averaged more market-
able surplus lioiiey to the hive than mine, and
I think twice the profit with one-half the
care. Hurrah ! for the large brood chamber.

Now here is experiment and positive proof
to my mind tliat both are best and that
neither is best. But what makes the differ-
ence ? What are the principles that underlie
the subject that makes a large or small brood
chamber moru valuable in a given location
than the other size ? All were wintered alike
out of doors. All were on the same size of

THE HEE-KKKPERS' REVIEW.

39

frame : aud, so far an I know, the bees woro
uqually good workers.

1 believe we have uot far to look for au
answer, la my home yard the bees have au
alaioet continu?.us flow of honey from wil-
lows aud maples, from flower gardens, fruit
tree.s and dandelions, from early April until
•June, aud brood rearing progresses with
great rapidity. The brooil chamber being
small the brood can be kept warm with less
bees aud more workers are sent to the fields,
and, the faster the honey comes in, "the fas-
ter the brood is spread and strong colonies
early in the season is the result.

How is it in the yard six miles away ? The
conditions are quite different. Very little
early honey is to be had ; and while the small
brood chamber always contains ample honey
for present needs, for we feed if they do not,
the bees will not spread their brood as fast
as where there are from 1;") to 20 lbs. or more
of old honey at the sides of their hives.

Again, I have found hives with a large
brood chamber aud " lots " of honey, rear-
ing brood later in the season than hives with
less room, and less honey, and so go through
winter stronger.

Again, it is necessary to feed colonies in a
small brood chamber much more in autumu
to winter them, than is necessary to feed to
those in a large brood chamber ; and it now
seems very doubtful if sugar syrup is as good
to stimulate brood rearing as is pure honey.

So it comes to pass that where but little
honey is gathered in early spring the large
brood chamber has the advantage of a small
one. But suppose we feed the colony in the
small hive very heavily iu autumu will not
that help Hie matter? My experience has
been that where a small brood chamber is
crowded with bees and honey the bees will
rear a large amouut of brood in winter and
the vitality of the bees aud Itieir stores, both,
be exhausted.

I formally reasoned iu this way : What is
the use of letting a colony of bees occupy
eleven frames when eight are all they really
need for brood and a moderate supply of
honey ? Why not have the eighteen lbs. of
honey that it would taki to fill those extra
combs, stored in boxes which would sell for
!^2.(H) above the cost of sections, etc., aud
then in the fall feed l."> lbs. sugar which
would cost less than a ilollar, and thus make
a dollar clear to each liive which on r>0()
hives would be no small sum. The logic
seems to be all right but iu practice I have

only one yard whore it is an entire success
and that is where the bees get an abundance
of early honey, and here a small brood cham-
ber is much more profitable than a large
one. In our other yard it would seem to be
about an even thing and in all my other
yards the large brood chamber has decidedly
the advantage unless iu exceptional seasons
when there happens to be an unusual yield
of early honey.

MiDDLEBUKY, Vt. Jan. 1!), ISO").

ftBkr^4^^^^<^-

An Experience With Many Styles of Hives,
and the Conclusions Drawn Therefrom.

B. TAYLOK.

T T is said that truth
1 crushed to earth
will rise again.
Well, bee hives must
then represent truth
for it seems the
question of the best
hive is never to be
settled. There have
been more than five
hundred patents is-
sued on hives, and
hundreds of inven-
tors and manufacturers have been earnestly
engaged since my first remembrance in im-
proving, or, rather in trying to improve
hives, and the question to-day, as to what
constitutes the ideal, practical hive, seems
as far from settlement as it was thirty years
ago ; and, aside from the advantage derived
from the movable frame, and in some little
improvement in the manner of usimj this
great improvement, over previous methods,
I cannot see as there has been the least ad-
vance in making hives that would give lar-
ger honey crops.

I know that I can now secure more surplus
under the same circumstances than former-
ly, but the improvement has been along the
line of management and not in the khid of
hives. I do not mean to say that hives and
the accompanying fixtures are not a little
more handy to manipulate now than for-
merly, but this is mainly true of the furni-
ture for getting surplus, and not of brood
chambers.

I will now give some reasons for the above
not very flattering views of recent improve-
ments in hives for practical use. In the

4U

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REMh-"

days of luy early enthuBiawm in bee-keeping
I eagerly read every thing on the subject that
was within reach, and I was so im pressed
with the advantages of straw for material
for making hive-bodies, that I concluded
that, to have the very best, the lirood cham-
bers must lie made of straw. I knew that
both theory and practice agreetl that a wall
of straw, if properly made, is one of the best
non-conductors of heat that is cheaply
available, so I determined to have the hcsl,
and immediately began the task of making
a hive of straw that would be suitable to
receive movable frames and be adapted to
modern surjilus fixtures ; and I soon had a
straw hive, beautiful to the eye, light to
handle, capable of receiving all modern im-
provements, and with but very little increas-
ed cost over ordinary brood hives. These
hives were made by having a skeleton frame
for the body, lined on the inside by strips of
wood two inches wide and '4 thick, placed }.3
inch apart. Nice, clean, rye straw was then
cut in suitable lengths to lay in the frame
against these slats so as to make a wall 1^.,
inches thick. Thin strips of wood were used
to cover the ends of straw and another stri[)
placed across the middle, and when all was
nicely painted we had one of the handsomest
hives we ever saw. Taking say so and the-
ory for truth, we went to considerable ex-
pense for machines to make these hives, for
we were quite sure we would have no other.
These hives were warm and dry in winter,
cool in summer, and seemed to possess all
the qualities of a superior brood-hive, but
after several year's trial of them on a scale
large enough to prove their superiority if
they had any, I abandoned them because 1
never could or rlid get any more surplus or
swarms from them than from single-walled
brood-hives of the same size and shape.

Since then I heard such positive reasons
given for the superiority of double-walled
hives, packed with chaff, cork and sawdust,
that 1 constructed 100 of them in the most
careful and thorough manner, but after care-
ful trial it came out just the same as with
the straw hives, they would give no better re-
sults than single-walled hives of the same
size and pattern.

4gain, I thought Mr. Adair's long-idea
hive seemed so reasonable that 1 made 20 of
them. They were costly, and clumsy to-han-
dle, the bees did not winter well in them and
I could never get any more honey from them
than from ten-frame hives ; m fact I never

got as much surplus, and I abandoned them
as so much wasted lumber.

I see in O'lraninys that the A. I, Root Co.
is pondering over the (juestion of changing
eight and ten-frames to twelve or more
frames. Friend Root don't do it. I now
have ten hives with twelve frames ; twenty
hives with sixteen frames and twelve hives
with nineteen frames. All the e hives took
the same frame as my single, brood-cham-
ber ten-frame hive, and I gave them a fair
trial alongside the ten-frame hive in the
same yard under exactly the same conditions
aad they had no superior qualites and many
great disadvantages, and they now encum-
ber my buildings as useless waste.

Again, the partly closed-end Hoffman
frames, seemed so desirable for moving bees
to out yards, that I made some three or four
hundred of them for my own use and out-
yards, tried them fairly, and am now throw-
ing away even the frames in the new hives
that have never been used, and replacing
them with the wire-end, fixed frames invent-
ed thirty years ago.

Now, none of these five or six kinds of
condemned hives were really very bad. I
could get good crops of honey wiih them,
perhaps just as much as with other favorite
hives, but it came at the expense of more
work and many disadvantages as compared
with plain ten-frame, sixteen- inch-square
wire-end, frame hives. One of my former
out-yards is new owned by Mr. D. W, Whit-
more, my former partner, and that yard is
filled up with the wire-end frame handy
hives, and has never been burdened with any
of the new improvements, and it now con-
tains many of the hives made thirty years
ago, and this yard has been one of the most
successful of any with which 1 have had an
interest, and you could not give Mr. Whit-
more a Innuired new hives of a different pat-
tern and compel him to change to them.

Now, friends, don't think 1 am writing all
this to advertise ray hives, for I assure you
1 have no such motive ; my only motive is to
show you a guiding star in the lilack dark-
ness of conHicting interests and opinions,
in regard to the proper thing for beginners,
especially, to do. I say to such, do not
adopt any liivi* hastily because some inter-
ested manufacturer sounds its praise. Such
will always tell a plausible story. All the
vile patent medicine frauds get that same
kind of suppi)rt. Just consider the matter
carefully so tliat after your apiary is estab

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

41

lished ami contains hundreds of colonies you
will tiud theui in hives the manufacturers of
which are not menaced witli the necessity of
cliangint; to some other style. I say, if you
have your bees in a liive that is giving you
good results stick to it unless you have
good evidence that you can change without
loss. I have my own machinery and coulil
change my hives with less loss than those
having to buy their hives, and if i had my
1)668 in hives that requireil a great waste of
time in extra work, 1 should adopt a style of
hive that 1 was convinced 1 could manipu-
lat«' more easily, hive all new swarms in
them, and transfer at the time the old hives
cast second swarms, .lust hive the second
swarm in an empty box, set it on the oKl
stand, transfer the combs to the new frames
immediately as there will l)e but few bees to
nunoy at this time, set the transferred hive
where the second swarm stood, shake the
bees in front of the new hive and the work is
done.

After I became acquainted with dovetailed
sections with wide ends and narrow tops and
bottoms, 1 oftimes looked at them and said
in my mind would not this be a good way to
make brooil frames for hives? .lust make
them with closed ends and slip them into a
hive body resting on a strip of tin nailed on
back and front of hive body, but 1 never
carried out the idea until Mr. Heddon
Ijrought it out. I then made fifty hives with
closed end frames and useil them many
years, but 1 never had any pleasure in open-
ing hives and handling these frames when
the hive was crowded with bees, and this
last fall 1 burned all these frames.

( )f late there has been a great deal said
and done about the proper kind of joint for
the corner of hive bodies ; one claiming su-
periority for their hives because the corners
were dovetailed or lock jointed, another for
mitred corners, still others for halved cor-
ners. Now, all these methods will make
good hives, but 1 affirm that the boards cut
squarely ott and nailed properly makes the
Itest joint yet made. It takes less lumber,
is more quickly and cheaply made and will
last longer in exposure than any complica-
ted joint, whether lock-cornered, halved or
mitered. 1 now have hives made with simple
square nailed corners that have been in use
tweuty-tive years, and they show no defect
in this respect. What more can we ask than
this ■/

In regard to the size of brood chambers I
will say, from much experience, that to get
the most white honey, either comb or ex-
tracted, esjieciulli/ comb, we must have a hive
that can be reduced to not more than SOD
inches of comb surface to hive new swarms
in, and the double brood cliamber is the
most practical way I have ever tried to ac-
comi)lish that end. At swarming time and
through clover and basswood I want a small
hive ; at the end of the white honey harvest
and during the rest of the year 1 want a
large hive and the sectional brood chamber
is the quickest and most practical way 1
ever tried to make this change.

Now, friends, 1 know you may have just
cause to conclude that a person that has been
flitting about from one kind of a hive to an-
other-is one of those impractical, good-for-
nothings who could not raise honey or any
thing else except lots of noise and gas. In
reply to this reasonable charge 1 will say,
that in 188r> I made a contract with a firm in
St. Paul that I should increase my honey
crop all I could and they would push their
honey trade and buy all the comb honey I
could produce. That year they paid me
$4r)() for honey : the next year $800 ; the
third year $1,200. and the fourth year I had
2('),(XX) pounds for them, when they begged
off and 1 released them from the agreement,
and easily sold the entire crop to other par-
ties for cash.

Before I close this article I must again
caution needy bee-keepers to spend no mon
ey for cases for spring protection. We have
given this method an extended and careful
trial for three seasons and, as the readers of
the Review know, decided it did not pay.
This was putting it mildly for I really had
reason to say that it did hanti, and I see
that experimenter \i. L. Taylor makes the
same report. I now have nearly a hundred
nicely finished packing cases occupying
much room that 1 regard as of no value as
bee supplies.

I have not written this article in any spirit
of hostility to any manufacturer of supplies.
All of them, so far as I know, make goods
of more or less merit and each beliei-es his
goods to be the tiest, but many of them are
not really practical honey producers : they
have never fairly tested their hives in com
parison with other makes and do not really
know the faulLt of their goods. It is just as
easy to make good as bad hives, provided

42

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

we kuow juBt which are the best, and it was to
settle that point that led me to make the ex-
periments recorded io these articles, and I
am writing them with the main purpose of
benefitting bee-keepers who are possessed of
no capital but bright minds and willing
hands. In this class I am greatly interested
for I am compelled to feel that our beloved
government is fast becoming only a shrewd
money making inuchine for piling up gigan-
tic fortunes for the rich. On the other side,
I see great armies of young boys and girls
growing up for whom there seems to be no
place but that of creatures of necessity —
wage slaves — and to aid and encourage such
to secure even the humblest homes that are
their own is the highest duty, and in my next
article I shall give my experience with the
best bees and the best way to cultivate them
for profit.

FoEESTViLLE, Minn.

Feb. 7, l.Sit.').

Many Bee-Keeping Specialists Will be Com-
pelled to Go to the Flowers, or Else Make
of Bee - Keeping a Side - Issue.

K. O. AIKIN.

TT was in Nov.
1 lt<89 that the
question of " Spe-
cial versus Mixed
Bee- Keeping" was
discussed in the
Review. Your
I) r esen t topic
"Will the Bee-
keeping of the fu-
ture differ from
that o f the past ?"
brings us back
in a measure to the former one. It is
also closely related to the topic for Decem-
ber, IWH—" Remedies for I'oor Seasons."
Some lines of business cannot well be car-
ried on except as a specialty, or in a whole-
sale way. Specialty in one sense means
concentration of capital. Such enterprises
as railroads, mills, mining and many other
branches requiring large capital and many
laborers, must of necessity employ both con-
centrated capital, and such specialists as
telegraphers, book-keepers, superintend-
ents and many others.

Then there is a class of pursuits that re-
quires neither the large capital nor the spe-
cialist in particular lines. The pursuits
mentioned in the preceeding paragraph are
massive, comprehensive and intricate,
while farming, gardening, stock raising and
apiculture, etc., may be operated extensively
or on a small scale as one chooses, and witli
about the same proportionate gain.

If I were going into the iron manufactur-
ing business, I would locate near fuel, trans-
portation and other facilities. To manufac-
ture flour, I would locate in the wheat belt.

If I were located as a honey specialist,
and because of changed conditions it ceased
to be profitable, I would quit the business or
go where it did pay. Whether I would go
elsewhere would depend very largely on
whether I could dispose of property in the
old location, or whether there was any thing
that I could turn my attention to that I
might make a living, etc., etc. A man with
a family or otherwise encumbered, must
do as he can, even if he cannot follow his
chosen pursuit.

Previously in these columns I have argued
that a poor man cannot afford to be a spe-
cialist to the extent of doing — or knowing
how to do — but one thing. Such get along
quite well when business is flush, but when
the business drags they are crowded out and
are at a very great disadvantage as is shown
so forcibly by their condition right now in
the general commercial stagnation. Though
it is true that the highest attainment is for
those who are specialists, especially in the
matter of dollars and cents, yet it is too
risky for the poor man and not for the high-
est degree of iutelligence and general pleas-
ure and iiappiness, to follow one thing to
the exclusion of every thing else.

There are practically two classes of people
— whether so from choice or from force of
circumstances. The one class is laboring
for a living, the other to amass or lay up
wealth. To make a living is not so diflicult ;
but to live and amass wealth requires all the
advantages one may be able to find in the
most favoretl locations. Unless there is a
change soon in the social and business cus-
toms, and a more sound and carefully ad-
ministered national financial policy, we will
be driven to the old way of being independ-
ent— produciiif.; our own clothing, meat,
bread and v( ■^|etables, or to the other ex-
treme, of combination of both capital and
brain. The hilter is by far the more proba-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

43

ble, and by far the less conducive to the
(general welfare and happiness of the masses.

To plant for honey is out of the question.
To tjo to the (lowers is also out of tiie (jues-
tion with many. Those who are able to and
will specialize, mast go where they can do
it. Those who cannot tjo to the favored lo-
cations, must do as they can. The latter
need not, however, entirely cear^e to raise
honey. The man who knows both theoret-
ically how to raise honey, can in the great
majority of cases raise his own honey cheap-
er than he can buy it. In a paper read be-
fore our farmers' institute last year, I said
every farmer could raise his own honey
cheaper than I could sell it to him. The
method was to keep a few colonies as a seed
stock, and when they swarmed to hive them
ill a large box until fall, then sulphur the
new colonies, taking the best honey and
feeding the poorer or that unlit for table use.
In the past we did not know that the old col-
ony was the best, having the new queen.
(Ud methods applied in new ways may yet
become more generally practiced.

There are wheat, hay, fruit, wool, stock
raising and manufacturing districts and
honey production is subject to like laws.
The specialist goes where his line succeeds,
yet this does not exclude the practice of
these pursuits to a limited extent in other
places. Where honey will not pay as a spe-
cialty, tiie price will be such that it can be
raised in a small way as a side-issue. Spe-
cialists are bound to produce all articles of
trade that go into the general channels of
commerce, and the side-issue should not at-
tempt to go outside of home trade to find a
market. The side-issue plan is by no means
to be despised as a help in making a living.
You are right, friend Hutchinson. There
will be the specialist in favored locations,
but in the unfavorable localities honey must
be raised only as a side-issue, just as in other
lines.

Now as to the future of bee-keeping in the
hands of the specialist, there will be some
decided changes in methods. I think the
changes will be more marked In the raising
of extracted than in comb honey production.
Nice comb is bound to hold a place in the
list of good things, but extracted is sure to
be driven from the held unless its produc-
tion can be cheapened. That it will be
cheapened and that Ixlore long, I have no
doubt.

LovKLANU, Colo.

Jan. :'.l, lS;ir..

Monopoly in Inventions.

T. F. JSINGHAM.

T N the last Review
1 Mr. B. T a y 1 o r
gives expression to
a common s e u ti -
inent among lee-
keepers regarding
credit for inven-
tions. While Mr.
Taylor's inventions
were no doul>t
made as he says,
and he often wrote
to A. I Root about
them, he seems to have failed in Ijringing
them to the notice of the public. Now, I
like to have everyone who invents a good
thing, and makes a reasonable effort to ben-
etit others l)y it, succeed in obtaining the
credit and some money consideration for
his disinterested effort. Had Mr. Taylor pat-
ented his inventions, as Mr. Heddon did,
and introduced them to the bee-keepers,
they would have given him a house in less
than fourteen years, and he would have had
better data for the credit he now so mnch
covets.

" Render unto Ceasar the things which are
Ceasars."
Abuonia, Mich, Feb. 14, IHiin.

Less Honey per Colony May be Secured in

the Future but Improvements Will

Lessen tbe Cost.

G. A. DEADMAN.

;rjHE bee-keeping of the future will nn-
1.' doubtedly ditt'er trom that of the past.
It differs now considerably from that of only
a few years ago, and must continue to differ.
If we were living in the " East,'' Syria for in-
stance, and did as they do in many things,
there would probably be very little change,
as they are slow to adopt new methods, be-
ing content to live as their fathers did. We
in the " West" pride ourselves on being pro-
gressive, which, if true, there must of neces-
sity be a difference, arisiug from improved
methods ami appliances, saying nothing of
that arising from extended or depressed
markets. Rather would it not have been bet-
to have asked, " Wkereiii will the bee-keep-
ing of the future differ from the past ?"

44

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Certain changes in conditions, such as you
mention in your excellent paper read at the
Ontario Bee- Keepers' convention recently
held in Stratford, must make a difference in
the bee-keeping of the future. Who can say
what this difference will be V Do "coming
events cast their shadows before." I believe
with you that changes in conditions render
the honey yield more doubtful, and no doubt
even those in Florida, who have or will suf-
fer from the late severe frosts, will assent to
this. Just how much the change of condi-
tions will decrease the honey yield on the
one hand, or improved methods and appli-
ances increase the profits on the other is dif-
ficult to say. That improved methods and
appliances will change the bee-keeping uf
the future no one can doubt. As you say
" It is astonishing to see with how little care
an apiary can now be managed." From
changed conditions in nature the honey
yield may be less, but it may be more than
counterbalanced by the lessened cost of pro-
duction.

How about the differences that arise from
changed conditions of the markets ? This
cannot be as great as it has been in the last
twenty years, but that both the retail and
wholesale price of honey will be less, I have
not the least doubt. The low prices of
sugars and syrups alone will produce this,
not saying as to how much it will be affected
by the stringency of the times, increased
production of butter, and consequently low-
er prices of the same. When butter is dear,
honey is sometimes substituted, and when
sugars are low more preserved fruits are
eaten and consequently less honey and the
same with syrups. These things taken to-
gether with the fact that so many are unem-
ployed, must lower the price of honey.
'I'here has been nothing like the usual de-
mand this season for honey, either at retail
or wholesale. The tillers of the soil have
bought considerable honey from us in other
years. They speak of this as being the hard-
est year to make money they have known.
Whether this Ims affected the demand more
than have the low prices of sugars and
syrups, I am unable to say, but 1 believe it
is the latter. Another question arises, will
the less labor involved in the future encour-
age more to embark in the business, or will
the decreased yield induce more to go out
of it ? Bee-keeping at the present time com-
pares favorably with other industries, and
how to succeed is becoming better known

so that I think the production will more
than keep pace with the extended markets.

To sum up, I believe that bee-keeping in
the future will differ from the past as fol-
lows :

1st. Improved methods and appliances
will lessen the cost of production more than
it may be increased by a decrease in the
yield per colony.

2nd. That the production will more than
keep pace with the extended markets for it.

iird. The supply being greater than the
demand the selling price will be lower.

Bkussels, Ont.

Jan. 31, imr,.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHIjY.

W. z. HUTCHINSON, Edlioi aud Proprietor.

Tebms : — Sl.UO a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90; three for $2.70; five for $4.00; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Keview
Hltipped at th(i expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when sul)scribint;. otherwise, it
will be continued.

FLINT. MICHIGAN, FEB. 10. 1895.

OoKBESPONDENOE crowds the editorial de-
partment pretty hard this month.

Several Articles on the future of bee-
keeping are yet on hand and will be pub-
lished in the next issue. Some of them are
tjuite encouraging. If others wish to write
let them do so.

" Enthusiastic " sent an article for this
month, but I have been " hustling " so, try-
ing to " catch up," that the matter for this
issue was nearly up when the article came,
so it will hav(i to go over.

Organization to a greater extent than is
now perfected among bee-keepers is some-
thing that would be very desirable. I have
on hand two articles on the subject that I
had hoped and promised to have in this
issue that were unavoidably crowded out.
1 will try to tjive them next montli.

"QuKKNiK. Ieanette" IS tiie name of a
pleasing, yet easily learned waltz song com-
posed and published by Mr. .). 0. Walleu-
meyer of Fvansville, Ind. Mr. W. is "one

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

45

of UP," he Ib a bee-keeper, and thone bee-
keepers who are lovers of music will be glad
(o encourage him in the musical publishing
line by sending him 10 cts. for this his
maiden efifort. The tirst page of the sheet
is adorned with a portrait of the author,
also of "Queenie," and just how much ro-
mance there is hanging over the affair 1
don't pretend to know. Mr. W. writes that
this song is meeting with kind words from
all over the country, that it is being sung in
the place of ".lane" in the opera "Olivette,"
and that it is having a good sale.

HOW YOU CAN HELP TO IMl'KOVE THK KKVIEW.

Every editor knows that, other things be-
ing equal, the larger his circulation the bet-
ter journal can he make, and you can help
to make the Review better by inducing oth-
ers to subscribe for it. Don't you know of
some bee-keeping neighbor, or several of
them, perhaps, who might be induced to sub-
scribe if the matter were brought to their
notice in the proper way '^ If there are any
such in your vicinity won't you have the
kindness to send me their names and ad-
dresses, and I will send them sample copies
of the Keview, and continue to do so at in-
tervals of two or three mouths, and in each
number I will enclose a slip that will read as
follows : " For this coi)y of the Review you

are indebted to the courtesy of Mr

(here your name will be put in) who would
be pleased to receive and forward your
subscription." When you meet any of these
bee-keepers all that you will have to do is to
invite them to subscribe for the Review,
you offering to receive and forwartl their
subscriptions. If they are not yet decided,
tell them that you will be glad to receive and
forward subscriptions at any time. For
each subscriber that you secure you may
keep 30 cts., sending me 70 cts. There are
probably many readers of the Review who
could thus easily secure enough subscribers
to pay for their own copy and at the same
time helj) to make the Review better by in-
creasing its income. Each year these men
could be easily led to renew and more to join
with them. In the early days of my bee-
keeping I secured a club of ten subscribers
for Gleanings, and it did not require any
very great efifort. Several friends have done
as well as this for the Review. Even one
new subscriber from each of you would
work wonders. Let me know if you will

join me in this plan to improve the Review
and extend its influence and I will do my
part in furnishing sample copies.

WHO SHOULD HAVE CREDIT KOK AN INVENTION?

Last month the Review contained an arti-
cle from Mr. B. Taylor in which he told how
he was led, years ago. to use a shallow, sec-
tional hive. In this issue he also shows
where there is an advantage in using a sec-
tional hive. I have an article from Mr. Hed-
don in which he says that he bears no ill-will
towards Mr. Taylor, and then he goes on at
considerable length to i)rove that he (Hed-
don) should have the credit for the inven-
tion of the shallow sectional hive. To argue
this matter seems to me a waste of space ; in
fact, I don't see how there can be any argu-
ment. It makes no diflference if some other
man invented or used a sectional or horizon-
tally divisible brood chamber hive before
Mr. Heddon did, he is the man who not only
invented but paJenled and made known to
the world the value of this style of hive, and
to him belongs the credit. Any number of
men may now assert that they invented and
used such a hive before be did, and even if
such assertions could be proved they would
not, or ought not, detract from Mr. Heddon's
rights and honors in his hive. To invent and
keep in secret benefits no one ; it is the man
who patents and makes known, and thus al-
lows the public to enjoy the benefits of his
invention that should reap the reward. In
short, I agree on this point with my friend
Bingham as he expresses himself in this is-
sue of the Review. On the other hand, I
feel certain that it was not covetousness
that led our Minnesota brother to mention
these things. He was going over his years
of bee-keeping, and, incidentally, with no
thought of robbing Mr. Heddon of honor or
profit, mentioned the style of hive he used.

Sugar Candy for Winter Store.s ; the Size

and Shape of Combs: Oiarrhcea, Etc.

Too many of us forget that what may be a
success in the South, or considerably further
Wouth than Michigan, may not be so success-
ful in the North. VV hen Mr. E. T. Abbott
was advising wintering bees with candy

46

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

bricks for winter stores, 1 had my doubts as
to its success at the North, but, as I had not
given it a trial, I held my peace. Here is
what Mr. Heddon has to say on the subject
in his last Quarterly.

" President Abbott read an essay at the
late N. A. bee convention upon wintering, in
which he laid down very positive directions
for bringing our bees safely through the
long cold period of unnatural confinement.
It must surprise those who have read the
essay to find no mention of bee diarrhcsa,
the one cause of nearly all our losses in win-
ter and compared with which all other causes
are hardly worth mentioning. Mr. Abbott
tells us that sugar bricks are practical winter
food ; but they are not here. No kind of
candy or granulated sugar or even candied
honey is safe in this climate. He tells us
that the whole trouble comes from the stores
not being accessible to the bees, and if his
theory and explanation is correct we had
better dispense with all shallow frames, like
the Langstroth, and use deep frames or a
deep brood chamber with two sets of frames
like our own. But Mr. Abbott is not correct
in his conclusions and statements as we hap-
pen to know. Mr. Bingham and others who
have, winter after winter, successfully car-
ried their bees through upon frames not
deeper than i^.^ inches and two feet long,
will testify that these shallow hives sitting
beside those of deep frames have wintered
their colonies best. We have experienced
the same thing in our yards. We would
agree with Mr. Abbott in regard to the bees
undertaking to get honey out of the outside
combs of ten frame hives because their hives
are wider than the diameter of the cluster,
ten combs being too many and the bees can-
not string out after the outside honey, across
the frames, in many spells of cold weather
experienced in this latitude. When we used
the ten frame hives we had colonies starve in
them, with all of ten pounds of honey in the
outside frames, but Mr. Abbott's theory that
the bees will not move after their honey
Icngfhnnsc of the frames is not correct.
They do so move, and move in a body, they
do it readily and safely in the coldest weath-
er. Mr. Abbott says the heat of the colony
doesn't circulate sidewise, but always up-
wards. In shallow hives where the cluster is
close to the top, when the warm air reaches
the top and can't get out, where does Mr.
Abbott imagine it goes to V If it stopped
right there among the bees .or very close to
them that would be one good reason for using
shallow frames, but it dosen't, it glances
sidewise and consequently goes all about the
honey. But even if Mr. Abbott's theories
were correct then there would be no necessity
for going back to the miserable old deep
frames. Those using eight frame Langstroth
hives would only need to lift up the back end
to an angle of 15 degrees or more or they
could stand it up on end if they wished, and
they would then have a tall, narrow hive
most perfectly fitted to Mr. Abbott's mis-
taken theories. Only he who tells us how to
prevent bee diarrhcea will aid us by writing
upon the winter problem. We can remem-

ber when more than half and possibly more
than three-fourths of all the bees in Mr. Ab-
bott's State ( Missouri) were swept away in a
single winter by this intestinal derange-
ment, which Mr. Abbott doesn't mention at
all."

Causes and Treatment of Bee • Paralysis.

It is evident that unless some practical
remedy for bee paralysis is discovered it will
soon make sad havoc in the warmer portions
of the country, and before the beginning of
another season it is advisable that we secure
all of the informatian possible on the sub-
ject. As a summing up of what is known in
regard to its cause and treatment I have seen
nothing better than the following from the
pen of Adrian Getaz, of Tenn., and pub-
lished in a late issue of the American Bee
Journal.

" Before beginning our next campaign in
bee-keeping, let us take a good, full look at
our enemy, the now famous bee paralysis.

As to a description of the disease, I shall
refer to my two contributions on the subject
in the American Bee Journal, in 1894, and
also to an excellent article written by a cor-
respondent who signed himself 'Novice.'
Also to the description given by Cheshire, in
his books, and if Gleanings and the Review
are at hand, the articles they have published
on the subject, especially those written by
Messrs. Ford and Dayton.

That the disease is produced by a bacillus,
as described by Cheshire, is now almost in-
contestible, and can be safely admitted.
That it is exceedingly contagious is also cer-
tain, but how it is transmitted from one bee
to another is the first point to investigate.

In foul brood, the bacillus multiplies ex-
ceedingly rapidly, and when the brood is
dead, and the nutriment thereby exhausted,
turns into spores by the millions. These
spores escajie, and are carried all over the
hives by the bees themselves, as the spores
may stick to their bodies by the honey when-
ever any spores happen to be deposited on
it, and perhaps also by the wind, as the spores
are so light that they fioat freely in the air,
until they come in contact with something
or other to which they adhere.

Among tlm human diseases, none is com-
municated directly by contact. In case of
consumption, fjome of the l>acilli produced
in the diseased lungs are thrown out by
coughing with the matter expectorated,
transformed into spores, and escape, and are
carried by thti air into somebody else's lungs,
where they develop. With the fevers, the
bacilli are found also in the dejections of the
patient, wIu'k^ they develop into spores as
these dejections dry, and from there either
float into tfn air, or are carried by the water,
and eventually find their way into somebody
else's digestive apparatus, where they multi-
ply and develop again another case of fever.

The bacillus producing the silkworm dis-
ease has already been referred to in my for

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

47

mer contributions. In that case the diseased
worms or larviv do not always die, but fre-
quently go through the full transformation
into moths, and these moths lay eggs, but
these eggs are found to be also infected, and
give birth to diseased worms.

Taking all into consideration, we see now
that the bee paralysis spores must be trans-
ferred from the diseased to the healthy bees.
The bacilli develop in the body of the dis-
eased bees chiefly in the blood, as Cheshire
claims, from thence they escape (after being
transformed into spores), when the bees die,
or rather from their dead bodies, probably
by the millions. From there they float in
the air uutil they stick to some honey or
something, and are swallowed by some other
bees that become diseased in their turn. It
is possible, however, that the dejections of
the diseased bees also contain bacilli and
spores, and are also a source of contamina-
tion. It is also possible, and even probable,
that some of the spores find their way into
the healthy bees' bodies through the respira-
tory organs.

Another source of contamination is possi-
bly the honey itself. While the disease re-
sides chiefly in the blood, yet bacilli are also
found in the other parts of the body, and
when the disease is far advanced, the whole
body is full of bacilli, even the ovaries of the
diseased queens. When we consider that the
bees are constantly swallowing and disgorg-
ing honey, handling it one to another, trans-
ferring it from one cell to another all the
ti lie, we readily see that whenever bacilli
are in the digestive apparatus of the diseased
bees, they will shortly be transferred to some
other bees, or to the larvse that they are
feeding.

A third and last source of contamination
is, as pointed above, through the eggs of the
queen.

Summing up, we have to destroy the
spores or bacilli under three conditions, viz :

1st. The spores floating in the air or
sticking to the combs or the walls of the
hives, etc.

2ud. The spores or bacilli contained in
the living but diseased bees, as these may be
transferred to other bees through the honey,
and more than that, these bees' dejections,
or their dead bodies, are also a source of con-
tagion. In a word, we must also treat the
bees themselves.

3rd. Replacing the diseased queens by
healthy ones.

We will now go over the possible remedies,
as follows :

1st. As to the spores floating in the air,
etc. Sulphur has been tried. There is no
doubt that sulphur will de^stroy every spore
that it touches, but it is readily seen that one
or two spoonfuls of sulphur dusted in a hive
cannot possibly reach the spores anywhere
and everywhere in the hive, especially those
floating in the air. Spraying with some an-
tiseptic would be much better, but this is
objectionable. Fumigating with salicylic
acid (see Cheshire and Laugstroth Revised),
I think would be much surer, as the fumes
would certainly reach ever.\ where. There is
further this much more in favor of fumigat-

ing, that is, it may also cure the diseased
bees. The bacilli are chiefly found in the
blood, and the fumes of the burnt acid come
really closer to the blood through the res-
piratory organs than the remedies adminis-
tered through the digestive apparatus can
possibly do. In fact, all those who have
tried the fumigating process on foul brood,
say that it is more efl'ectual than feeding and
spraying. Some substitutes have been re-
ported successful (I am referring to foul
brood) ; one is simply to put some pieces of
camphor in the hive, and trust to the evap-
orated champhor to do the fumigating. An-
other German apiarist advises the use of car-
bolic acid mixed with some wood-tar (I
suppose he means creosote), and spread the
same on a piece of felt, put the felt under
the combs, covering it with something that
would prevent the bees from sticking to it,
and yet not prevent its evaparation.

2nd. Treating the diseased bees. That
is, feeding with medicated food. Many
drugs have been tried on foul brood. Sali-
cylic acid, carbolic acid, oil of eucalyptus,
lysol: camphorated alcohol, formic acid. etc.
The majority of them have the disadvantage
of a very bad taste, and are difiicult to ad-
minister for that reason. Some cost too
much. Salicylic acid would probably be pref-
erable to the others. I would have it dis-
solved in alcohol rather than mixed with
borax. The mixing with borax transforms
the acid into salicylic of soda, which is far
less effectual than the acid — at least it has
been found so when applied to human dis-
eases. Formic acid has been reported very
effectual, and has the advantage of not being
objectionable to the bees, but it costs too
much. I, somehow, doubt its efiicacy. For-
mic acid is contained in bees and their hon-
ey, and if it were such a good cure, bees would
never be sick. I do not know whether any-
body has tried quinine, but it is certainly
worth trying.

Remember, that the above remedies were
tried on foul brood, but as foul brood and
bee paralysis are produced by bacilli very
similar, it is probable that whatever drugs
will kill one kind, will also kill the other.

3rd. Removing the queens. The difficul-
ty is the cost, and, besides, there would be a-
question where to get queens that might be
insured to be absolutely sound. Worse than
that, a healthy queen introduced into a dis-
eased colony would soon become diseased,
and be no better than one reared by the col-
ony itself. On the other hand, it is not
probable that a queen lays infected eggs un-
til she is herself in a far advanced stage of
the disease, so by re-queening frequently —
say twice, or perhaps three times during the
year — the contamination from the queens
would eventually be eliminated, that is, pro-
vided the other sources of disease should
also be destroyed during that time.

As to salt, coffee, etc., I have to say that
they are of no value in treating human dis-
eases, and probable no more effective on bee
diseases.

Destroying the whole outfit is out of the
question. Where could we get bees to re-
place ours that could be insared as sound,

48

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

and how long would they stay sound, if the
disease is established in the neighborhood ?

The starvation process seems to me also out
of the question. After four days or more of
starvation, the diseased bees or queens would
certainly not be in better health than at the
start."

Knoxville, Tenn.. Dec. 18.

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

nri ND SO friend Taylor is going to have that
I\ matter of excessive moisture in winter
quarters brought to test. Wet sheet pack,
of the Fowler and Wells sort of hydropathy,
and the patient put in for all winter. He
reminds me of an old crab-tree of a doctor,
who used to say to his patients, " You'll
surely die — I hope you will." But even if he
does wish them to die — those colonies he has
got surrounded with a dripping sheet — likely
as not they will be out in the spring all right,
a little better if anything than their neigh-
bors not hydropathically doctored. When
bees get wet in winter quarters there are
usually other concomitants, foul air, too low
temperature, and frosty combs. These are
certainly injurious : and yet dampness gets
a lion's share of the discredit. It may be
that just dampness alone does little harm, or
none. At any rate to find out the thing with
precision is a very legitimate and useful ex-
periment.

Of course I am interested likewise in that
new anti-swarm device of friend Aspinwalls
mentioned on page 11 of the Review. Nev-
er mind the theory at this stage of affairs.
Hardly worth the powder to "hist 'em,"
anti-swarm theories seem to be at best ; but
after the thing is sufficiently tried and found
to work, then a discovery of the proper the-
ory will be nicely in order. A more swarm-
ing season than last season was will be need-
ed to give us confidence. Having half-inch
dummies, chock full of holes, in each comb-
space influences the brood chamber in sever-
al ways, and there can thus be quite a variety
of theories to choose from. Hardly do to
put in such things till the colony gets pretty
strong, and the cold snaps safely over.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Listen to this noble and restful direction

for busy folks — and all folks.

•' We should do all the good wo can during the
day, and at night pillow our heads upon the

God that made us, and let the cares of the world
go by." Jennie Atchley. A. B. J., 653.

The Australians are getting some ideas in
their heads, whether they are on the road to
get a full supply of five-banded bees or not.
One brother, having received a queen, dead
as usual, took it into his head to see how long
bees would live in that cage anyhow. Put-
ting in a fresh queen and her retinue, the last
one kicked the bucket in three days ! A. B.
J., 655. Of course it is possible that nothing
but starvation from uneatable candy is in-
volved ; but is it not worth thinking of
whether the cage had not become a little,
old, infected cholera hospital ? And they
say the candy in nearly every cage received
tastes strongly of the pine. Here's a simple
experiment which queen shippers certainly
ought to try. Provision a cage just as you
would for Australia, and keep it in a warm
room six weeks. Then eat the candy your-
self and see whether turpentine has got
through your waxing.

If you ever have occasion to smoke caged
bees with a hot blast smoker (to make them
behave toward their queen, for instance)
smoke them through your own live and burn-
able fingers. Then you'll be careful and will
not singe your queen. Jennie Atchley. A.
B. J., 714.

What an optimist is Doolittle ! Thinks
the day is coming when one colony will pro-
duce as much as two do now — possibly as
much as four do A. B. J., 2. But then if
your average was two ounces per colony last
year, and you get four ounces when the good
time arrives, you may think it is hardly
worth waiting for. The particular idea G.
M. D. has in mind is to reduce the number
of colonies, and make the food supply of the
suppressed ones appear as surplus in the su-
pers of those not suppressed.

Demaree tliinks too much money in the
treasury of the Bee-Keepers' Union is too
much of a temptation to needless law suits.
A. B. J., 3. Worth thinking of. But then
the amount of that " root of all evil " report-
ed by the treasurer so far does not look very
dangerous.

A sulphur candle which burns for twelve
hours without attention, and leaves no resi-
due ; what a boon for bee-keepers, and all
others who have difficult jobs of fumigating
with sulphur to do ! Providing the whole
thing isn't a humbug, that is. No harm if
there is something put in the sulphur to
make it burn better. The thing to be looked

THE BEE-KEEPERS' RbVIEW,

49

out for is lest it buru while the air is com-
paratively pure, but go out in close quarters
when the sulphur gas begins to get strong
enough to kill our little "sarpents." A. B.
J.. 4.

But the brother who tells the above, F. L.
Thompson, seems mostly remarkable for a
new disease, lard cans of the brain. Uses
'em for honey. Shuts up unrendered wax
material in 'em. Perforates the covers and
makes Doolittle nuclei with 'em. In taking
off sections in robber time, just chucks 'em
in lard cans. Scatters lard cans around the
apiary with smokers and fuel in. Some to
hold the bachelor bread and cheese in the
shanty. Some to hide the dirty dishes await-
ing a wash. Some for dirty clothes similarly
waiting. Some for clean clothes waiting for
Sunday. Good supply of lard cans better
than a poor supply of wife. Everything be-
in lard cans, rats and mice starve, and you
don't have to go to London with a wheel-
barrow.

Then snip a few clips
With the tinner's snips,
.A.nd your cans reduce to plain tin slips.
For uses too many to mention .

And now if he will devise some way of
burning the tin slips when they are worn
out, and using the ashes for snufif, poetic
completeness and perfect economy will be
satisfied.

Ex-Pres. Abbott begins on page 17 A. B.
J. a series of articles on comb honey. And
his head is mathematically level where he
suggests that we injure ourselves when we
cultivate the demand for extreme whiteness
in comb honey. Early honey hustled off the
hive the minute it is capped, and thence into
the hands of a grocer who don't know how to
keep it, is often deteriorated, and sometimes
half spoiled before it is eaten. What that
means to the honey market even a child
ought to understand.

" Apiculture is one prolonged, never-ending
interrogation point." Edwin Bavins A, B.J. ,18.

Dr. Gallup intimates that swarming is
greatly decreased by keeping a very large
number of colonies together, say 300. A. B.
J., 19. Reckon it would be on this part of
the planet ; but then you remember that
(xallup lives now in California. It seems
that a place may be so seriously overstocked
in breeding time as to decidedly discourage
swarming, and yet each colony may get an
abundant surplus when the harvest comes.

0 yes, O yes I Here's a case where the
dead-sure way of swarm prevention by cag-

ing proved a partial failure. They swarmed,
in repeated cases, only two days after the re-
lease of the queen. All of which shows,
what we knew before, that reliable preven-
tion of swarming is about the toughest job
we ever tackled. This comes from North
Carolina. VV. H. Pridgen. A.B.J.,Vii.

Sorry to see Gleaner egging on the row
about " Adel " queens. I think it's a shame.
Soon get so a man can't name his own boy
George Washington. The word in question
is one that Mr. Alley picked up, to take the
place of "Golden Carniolan," about which
he had been persistently clubbed. Why not
let him alone ?

" I have a number of shallow frames ; and at
one time 1 thought better of them than I do
now. I shall probably use them because I have
them ; but I doubt if I will ever get any more."
Dr. Miller. A. B. J., 57.

A Chicago daily got the Illinois bee-keep-
ers down as bar-keepers. Hard to tell
whether it was a double typographical error,
or temporary idiocy in the reporter — such as
too steady contemplating of a bar-keeper
four feet away will produce. At any rate it
was awful for Dr. Miller and the rest. How
would it do for them to run for office now,
before "the boys" find out anything to the
contrary ? And a fine looking, plump bar-
keeper he is, as we see him on page 48. Of
course the camera could not be expected to
properly transmit to us the color of his
nose.

A querist on page .'54 stumps Dr. Miller on
an inquiry about the rust he finds in his
hives — like that on wheat straw, only not so
dark, and inclining a little to purplish.
Some could be blown away with a puff of
breath, and some seemed put on for keeps.
One hive had a little on the surplus honey.
Providing this friend can see straight, and
was not observing too long after four o'clock,
he has found something of interest. But we
shall not want to purchase any.

James A. Green once produced some royal
jelly in January, and sold it for )t;2.').00 an
ounce. Never could find out satisfactorily
what his purchaser wanted to do with it — be-
yond a suspicion that some medical purpose
was in the wind. The man assigned a pur-
pose, but too unreasonable for a bee-keeper
to take stock in. A. B. J.. 06.

No rose without a thorn. Friend William
Selser, writing from Florida lets out the fact
that the mangrove regions (one of the finest
honey territories on the globe) are infested
with another plant, yielding honey at the

50

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

same time, which gives the whole crop oft
times the flavor of tobacco stems. Shoot
it! Or does it shoot too much itself? A,
B. J., 68.

THE GENERAL ROUND- UP.

Bone to pick with Ernest for his slur on
the Vienna lubricant for making foundation
without giving it any bad taste. Gleanings,
931. It seems to me that this is one of the
most excellent and praiseworthy lines of ef-
fort which apiculture afl:ordsto the inventor.
If it can be done, let's have a lubricant that
will not defile our product. And when the
article actually arrives, and hide-bound old
fogies won't use it, let's have them drum-
med out of town. (Savage this afternoon.)
Among the necessary evils that civilization
calls for. soap (not necessarily, but as usually
made) is one of the vilest. I put it on my
hands under protest ; and as for putting it
into my mouth, I would almost as lief eat
one of A. I. R's onions. I can taste the stuff
in the top side of a section of honey when
only a little bit of foundation is used ; and
my abhorrence of its faint meanness of fla-
vor seems to get worse from year to year, in
room of my getting used to it. I think that
with the general education of the public
taste we shall be compelled to do something.
The substitute referred to by Dr. Miller was
one part extracted honey, two parts of water,
and three parts alcohol. If it works well
the complaint that it costs a little more than
soap ought not to be allowed.

S. E. Miller, in Gleanings, 935, is right
about late extracting ; and with a field that
is strong on the latter end of the season, and
with a virtuous resolution to have all honey
ripe if possible, you are liable to have lots of
cold weather extracting to do. Take the
honey out at four licks instead of two, rever-
sing twice. I do this with an old fashioned
extractor; but of course the self-reversing
ones would come in with extra labor saving
value in this case.

C. W. Dayton fed 100 pounds of syrup for
the purpose of getting foundation drawn
out. Then he extracted what he could re-
cover of it, and fed it again ; and so on
more times, till it had practically disappear-
ed. He noticed that the quality of the arti-
cle improved with each storing. This is
worth jotting down among the " treasures
new and old " which we may want some-
time, we don't know when or what for.
Gleanings, 939.

The same article of Brother Dayton's
furnishes us with another point a-la-Califor-
nia. Swarming out takes place there when
neither famine, nor winter ills, nor any oth-
er well recognized cause is present. Just get
so miserably impatient waiting for some-
thing to turn up that they pack and go. He
notes that the better queen a colony has the
more likely they are to leave. This, if cor-
rect, bears on the whys and wherefores of
swarming. And we greatly want to know
these whys and wherefores, in order that the
effective control of swarming may be estab-
lished. This item points decidely to the
queen as a very strong factor. She greatly
desires brood rearing to go on lively ; and
the workers know it won't do when they can
find neither nectar nor pollen for the babies.
The outcome is that they swarm, apparently
in response to the queen's discontent. And
it begins to look as if prime swarms came
out in response to the queen's discontent —
discontent at not being allowed to destroy
the queen cells. But when they swarm with
a queen only two days released from limbo,
as related a bit ago, that must be adherence
to a previous resolution, one would say.

J. J. Cosby makes the point in favor of
the ten-frame hive that in a long bad season,
with a honey harvest very late, the store of
food carried in the two outside frames had
enabled the bees to meet the work with fair
working strength ; while eight-frame hives
side and side with them were too weak to get
the crop as the others did. Result, 9 pounds
per colony for the eight-frames, and iK)
pounds per colony for the ten-framers.
Gleanings, 947.

H. Dupret, of Montreal, cleans his hands
of propolis with pumice stone and water.
Gleanings, 9r.l. Not bad perhaps— unless
your hand happens to be a " tenderfoot."

Friend Aikin (why, we'd almost lost him)
has been testing the comparative strength of
foundation lengthwise and crosswise. Deci-
dedly the strongest lengthwise— just as bar
iron is stronger lengthwise than crosswise.
The reason is assumed to be the same in
both. The material is first in the state of
semi-crystals, and rolling extends them into
inchoate wires, which can be parted from
each other laterally much easier than they
can be snapped lengthwise. This is a point-
er as to the preferable way to hang founda-
tion in the hive. Gleanings, 9.50.

Richards, J.ucas Co., Ohio, Feb. 7, '9.5.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

51

A. I. Root's Goods, at their
oricps uoar Imme. Wo can save
you Freight. Order early and
secure di8ct)uut8. 32 page data-
log, free.

JOHN NEBEL&80N,
2-95tf High Hill, Mo.

Rubbef Pfinting Stamps

Solid rubber 'ype, self -inking pads, dating
stamps, supplies, etc., for beekeepers. Send
for catalogue and samples of work.

C. W. BERCAW,
2-95-6t Fostoria, Ohio.

Goldsn Italian Queens.

One untested queen before June 1st .. . $1.1)0

Six " ' 5.00

One " " after " 75

Six ' 4.20

One tested " before " .... 1 ..50

Six •' •' " " 7..50

One " •' after " ... 1 00

Six " 5 00

One selected tested for breeding, ?3.t)0.

W. H. WHITE,

2-9.'j-tf

Deport, Lamar Co., Texas.

ON HAND NOW.

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9-94-tf liell Branch, Mich.

R'l-R'A'N-S

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

'Ha.\aKNaTivM '.3 t '•'<»i8!iq"d

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"H Z)[HA1 ^8d)B[ ei(^j^

Bees Scooped !

1 have at last succeeded in buying all the bees
within 2)^ miles of my lu)me apiary, except five
colonies, and these I have Italianized and have
permission to control their drones. This prac-
tically gives me a clear field (or breeding pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
experience in breeding and experimenting with
Italian queens and bees, bred from my own im-
portations and Uoolittle's "Best," and I breed
" for business." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, 8-frame,
D. T. hive, 16.00; 5 colonies, $27.50 ; 10 colonies,
$.50 00; one frame nucleus, $1,00; two frame,
$1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to
the above. During Marcii and April, one tested
queen, $2.00. Select tested queen, $3 00. After
May 1st, one tested queen, $1 50; 3 for $4.00; 6
for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens
as early as the season will permit of their being
reared, one for $1 00 ; 3 for $2.25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 12
for $6.75. I have over UK) tested queens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
colonies to fill extra early orders.

Contracts for hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian queens on reason-
able terms

JOHN n- DAVIS,

2 95 12 Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn.

LOOK! SEE!! SEE!!

C. D. DUVALL is in Florida breeding early
queens from his original FIVE-BANDED STRAIN
of Italians which has given such general satis-
faction as

COMB HONEY PRODUCERS,

.\nd can furnish Untested Queens in any quan-
tity from March 'st to .\pril 15th. at $1.(10 each ;
six for $.i.00 Write for prices on large lots and
"special" circular. ,^y|

Dealers supplied at low rates. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Address

C. D. DUVALL,

(After Apr. 15 and for I I Before .A.pr. 15. )

supplies) i SAN MATEO, FLA.

SPENCERVILLE, MD 2-95-tf

BEGimSlERS.

Beginners should have a copy of tlie .Vmatenr
Bee- Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. .1. W. Rouse.
Price 25c., by mail 2Sc. The little book and the
Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28
page monthly journal) one year 65c. .\ddre8s.
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO. Hiqqinsville. Mo.

12-93-l2t.

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Phase mention the Reuiew.

52

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE

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by purchasing of him

Please mention the Review.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

m 15

i Names of Bee - Keepers, i

ia TYPE WRITTEN. E

ia m

BSEiraBEilSHPHBBISEiBBBBBEBignBClBr

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (.in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold procebs, I can furnish them
at $2.00. \V. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

Bees Fron) tb^ South.

I shall have shipped to New York, from the
South, (via. stt-amer) during April and May,
cases containing eight frames of capped brood,
well coven d with bees. These are just right to
build up colonies.

Per frame, 9iic. each. Three frames, 85c. each.
Eight fram"'s, 75c. each. Sixteen frames, 70c.
each. Untested queens inchnled for $1.00 extra.
Shipped from this city, safe arrival guaranteed

Catalogue of Bees, Queens and Supplies on
application

I. J. STRINGHAM.

•l.^•:^.ti 105 Park Place, N, Y.

Oirect-Draft Perfect

BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

PRICES

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knife.

BINGHAM

Patented May 20, 1870.

Perfect k - Smoter and fiooey Knives,

PATENTED 1878, 1882 and 1892.

and Little
new inipn
LUTELY
patent (
2 95 tf

Doctor -31/2 inch Stove, per doz. $12,00— Mail, $1 . 75

ji-;i/ mmm "'■ <'onqueror 3 " " " .. 11.00- " 1.50

' "/ ■■» ;C Large -i'A 6 00- " 1.00

O^ Plain 2 " " " 4 75— " .70

g n Little Wonder . . .1% 3 00- " ..50

^ ^1 Honey Knife " " " . 7 00— " .80

H « BEST ON EARTH.

)///; BM "^ ^- '^^^ throe larger sizes have extra wide shields and double

l§M ^^ coiled stoel wire handles. Those SHIELDS and HANDLES are

"i an AMAZIN(; ('OMFORT-always cool and clean. The Plain
Wonder have narrow shields and wire handles .Vll Binf,'ham Smokers for l.s<)ri luive all the
ivenu^nts, viz: Direct Draft, Bent Cap, Wire Handles, Inverted Fiellows, and are AB80-
PERFE(!T. All genuine Bingliam Knives and Beo Smokers are stamped with date of
'ircnlars sent free.

T. F. BINGHAM^ Abronia. Michigan.

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW

53

fHEr OAT Wonder-

^^*

-My.

$300 FOR A SUITABLE NAME.

That is what we are ready ts civc for a suitable name Tor our Ont wonder, an Oat that will
I utand amone Oatx as did Suul amonc the children of iHraol— head and ttliouldera above them t
It is surely the Uat wonder of tlie century. Our Cataloeue eivca 15 strons points of superi-
ority over other Oat sorts, and then gives a lone list of farmers testine same In 1 894, who be-
lieve 800 bushels per acre can be erawn on each and every acre planted. The UiiitedStates Oe-
partmentof AKriculture pronounces our Oats, for heavy yields, the best umone 400 to 54)0 differ-
ent l^inds. That is everybody's verdict. One farmer writes : "Itis 10 milesahcad of such varie-
ties as Lineoln, Weicome, Scotch Superior, Schonen, etc" This Oat Is a sure cure for hard (iincs,
a sure mortcace lifter, for if yon will sow cenerously of same, you will malic lots and lots of |
I money. Why not try It for 18 {>5? Itls dirt cheap and will do well every where.

J GRASS AND CLOVER MIXTURES FOR MEADOWS.

Luxuriant meadows, thrifty pastures, large hay crops, are the farmer's delicht. Everybody
I can have them, no matter how poor the soil, by sowing Saizer's I:^xtra Clover Grass Mixtures.

CORN, WHEAT AND POTATOES.

This trio is Invaluable on every farm. Our 35 Corn sorts will astonish you in yield, quality
and earliness. We have a Spring Wheat doing exceedingly well in Muss., New Yorl>, Pa., Oliio,
Tenn,, Ky., Kans., and all Western States; and Potatoes! Why, bless you, we have sorts 1
yielding from 400 to 1,300 bushels per acre. The editor of the "Rural New Yorker" gives us a
yield of 743 bushels ou our Early Wisconsin, and we have bigger yielding sort* too.

SPLENDID VEGETABLES.
We make a great specialty of fine early vegetables; so if you want these for sales ten to |
twenty days ahead of your neighbors and get fancy prices, ours are the sorts to plant. S5 pfcgs.
Earliest Vegetable Novelties,^!, postpaid. Special Wholesale Market Gardener's List, 2c .

NOW THEN, FOR 1895.-WE WILL MAIL YOU UPON RECEIPT OF:

6c. postage, our Mammoth See4 and Plant Boob— worth $100 to every Farmer.
€c. " " Seed Book, 144 paces, and pkg. 14-niiy Paris Itadish Seed.

7c. " *' " " " and pkg. Bauer's Meadow Grass Clover Mixtures.

10c. *» •( .» M M and pkg. #800 Prire Oats, the Oat wonder of the world.

J?H N A.SALZE R 3EED C? 13 CROSSE

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our
Combined Circnlar and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
constraction of their hives,
X^ sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PIIIOKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNBS CO , "«4 Ruby St , Rock ford, Ills.

420 LbsJiverage.

420 lbs. average is wJiat my bees gave that 1
moved to the mangrove ; those at home, 300 lbs.
each.

Five-Banded Bees

too. Queens bred for business from this stock
will be sent out in season of '95 for Sl.dO each
until May, per dozen, SS.OO Circular free.

]2-94~tf.

J. B. CASE,

Port Orange, Fla.

54

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Apiarian Pliotograplis.

As most of my readers know, I am somewhat
interested in photography, and, during the sum-
mer of 1894, as each phase of bee-keeping reached
its most interesting stage it was carefully pho-
tographed. It has occurred to me that some of
my subscribers might be glad to get some of
these pictures to use in making cuts, or, possi-
bly, for the pleasure of looking at them, hence I
will describe a few of them.

No. 1, ''Side removed from a hive containing
a swarm tliat has been hived three days; the
bees driven back with smoke disclosing the
combs in process of construction." In the out-
side frame there are only one or two pieces of
comb, the next frame contains larger pieces, and
the next still larger, the combs in the middle
frame nearly reaching the bottom of the frame.
Mr. Root says it is the best picture of comb that
he has ever seen-

No. 2, 'Just ready to shake a swarm into a
basket preparatory to hiving them." This shows
a large apple tree with a swarm hanging from
the end of one of its limbs and a mnn vipon a
step ladder just ready to shal^e the swarm into a
large clothes basket.

No. 3, '■ Frame of comb taiien from tlie brood
nest of a colony that has recently cast a swarm "
Tnis shows the white comb just beneath the top
bar, and below it the sealed brood, both worker
and drone, drones hatching out, and perhaps
half a dozen sealed queen cells. Everything is
so sharp and clear that one can almost imagine
that it is the real comb instead of the picture.

No. 4, "Worker bee and sting iwilh append
ages attached) enlarged to four diameters."

No 5, " Drone bee enlarged to four diameters."

No. 6, "Queen bee and egg enlarged to four
diameters."

No. 7, "Sectional and front view of comb-
building."

No. 8, "Comb-builders hanging in clusters
secreting wax " This shows a frame in which
the workers are hanging in those hmg stringing
clusters secreting wax, and in the center is a
small piece of comb just commenced.

No. 9, " Sprig of baeswood bloom, white clover
and a section of honey." This is arranged some-
thing like the picture on the front cover of the
Review, and is a very neat and artistic little
piece.

No. 10, " Group of queen cells (nearly natural
size) from one of which a queen has hatched. '
Many who have seen this prunounce it the gem
of the collection. In looking at it, it is hard to
realize tiiat it i.s only a picture.

No. II, "Lining wild bees." Tliis shows the
river and some pine trees in the background,
while in the foreground upon a stump is a " bee-
box " containing a comb upon which bees are
at work, wliile at the foot of the stump lies a
man watcliing eagerly to get the " line " wlien a
bee starts for lioine

The above pictures vary in size from 4 x 5 to
r)x8, andwill be sent by mail and safe arrival
guaranteed for 50 cents eacli Order by number.

Then there is tlie picture of the members of
the St. Joseph convention that 1 can furnish at
75 cents. Tliis picture is 8 x 10.

Any of the pictures that are not satisfactory,
or do not come up to the expectations, may lie
returned unsoiU'd, and tlie money will be le-
fuudod.

If there is any ooject or feature in bfP-keeping
that some one would like to have photographed,
1 should \m glad to undertake thr job

W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint.

GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1894. For
the price, we have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1..50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-94-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Reuiew

RV PPhlini Iflii FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.
Djf nUlUlll IMll. Bred for Business. Beauty
and Gentleness. LIntested in June. $1 00; July
to October 75c each; 6 for $4.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular to

Theo. Bender,

6.94.tt

Canton, Ohio

Hooey Queers,

Five and three-banded, and in seperate yards,
and only from selected stock, gathering the
mosi honey and capping it the whitest, and the
least inclined to swarm. My 5-bander8 are pure
Italians and not Cyprian crosses. I have no
foul brood nor bee paralysis. Warranted queens,
$1.00 each, 4 for $3.50. Tested $1.25 each. Safe
arrival guaranteed

J. H. GOOD.
2-95-tf Nappanee, Ind.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER,

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any <me thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

Priptiosi Vre,ss for S2vlc

In the office of the Review is a toot power,
self inking, N'^npareil printing jiress with a
chase lix !0 inches in size. This press is in per-
fect order and belongs to a compositor who has
set a largo proportion of the typ« for the Re-
VIKW, but poor health compels him to go West,
and the pres.^ iiius^ be sold .Any one in need of
such a press can secure ;i bargain by addressing
('HAS. FELLOWS. Ju .

Flint, Mich.

EE SUPPLIES!

.Sendforfreecopyof II.L,USTR.\TEI>
'OATAI^OOrrE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-K.EEPER. Address
T. G. Newmam, 147 So. Western Ave., Chlcaso.

POTATO CRATES an . Bee Hives
..1, n,\ ^|..r,,|UK.-.. t llfl" liht tree. ,v .lire.-..,

.1. M. KiNZlL, !L^
l-iCi-l-. Itochestei. Oakland Co., Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW,

5f.

If you are not usinji the

Hew Heddon Hive

It may seem incredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results witH considerable lees
labor and uinch more comfort than with other
Hlyles of hives, but a fair and impartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as sol fort li in my circu-
lar, will show tiiat this stutemunt is not oyer-
drawii. aud the circular is yours (ov the askiUK-
1 1 VKl-tf A. E. HOSHAIi, Heamsville, Ont.

OH, FOR CANADA.

for 1*95 1 will haudk' ll.t- li. H. LkvVIsI'o.,
SNOW WHITE HECTIONS I lie best in the
world. Samples free, I will uiake Dovetailed
Hives of the finest lumber. I sliall also rear and
sell Five Banded Queens. Last year 1 sold 1,S87,
and only two were lost in the mail. Send for my
new circular and iirice list that will be out .Ian
uar> 1st. N. H. SMITH,

Tilbury Center. Out., Canad.i.

II .;M-tf. Lock Box .V.

Pl^„!> •■'■Oo'i llie H^uifw.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FO'EL 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
R.ud for catalogue and price list.

.1. F. H. BROWN,
1 .S8-tf. Aueusta, Georgia.

Please mention the Review*

HATCH CHICKENS wuh the mui>kl
Excelsior Incubator.

SimpU, Perfect, Sel/-]iegii-
lating. Thousands in succes<>-
ful operation, Guaranieed to
hatch a larger percentage u!"
fertile eggs at less ooKt than
any other Hatcher, Lowest
priced first-class Batulier
made. UEO. H. ST A II I..
114to 122 S. ethSt., qu iir)^. III.

Please fitentu

f/ie Review-

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK. 78 Barclay St., N. Y. City.

iStlCCfSSOR ro A. J. KING.)

-f ()3.tf Send jot illuatrated Caluluijue

Pleuse mention Ihf Review.

BEE-KEEPERS'
SUPPLIES.

The Best and Cheapest.

OUK MtVl'I'O:
Good Goods, Low Prices, Prompt Service.

Send for free illustrated catalogue and piice

G B. LEWIS CO.,

•2-9.5 tf

Walertown, Wis.

Your Hoo^y /^arK^t.

IF NUT SUl'l'LIKI). send eight ceuts for
samples and prices of the finest honey in the
world, gathered from alfalfa and clover. Very
cheap. Address

OLIVER FOSTER,

lI-94-tf . Lias Animas, ('olo.

Tbe Choicest «* * o

OF TESTED QUEENS,

By return mail, f 1.00 each. These Queens were
reared in the fall of '94 for our early sprmg
trade, from best imported stock, and are guar-
anteed to give .satisfaction in every particulai.
J, VV. K. SHAW & CO.,
2 95 tf Loreauville, Iberia Parish, !..a.

Pleust, -nention tile Review

WRITE U5

iefore ordering your sections and we
all give you BOTTOM PKK'ES <.u

the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

Also 1). T. HIVES, SIIIIMMNI^ (KATES ami

other Supplies.
We have everything in tiptop onler, aud can

till orders on short notice. Lei us hear

Iroin yon for prices.

d. pORriCROOK & CO..

Jan. Istvis94. Watertown, Wis.

E. KRETGHMEH, Red Oak, Iowa,

Sends free his Catalogue ol Ti illustrated pages ;
describes EVER YTHlNii LiSEU IN THE API-
AKY; Best Goods at Lowesf Prices. Deh^-
Tr^d to your railroad at'.-.i,,.-. »hica«o :'St. Louis; Atchison KW; St V^ndMiun.;Des A^^^^^^^^
I o wa ; Cedar Kapids, low a and other places. Capacity one car load a dai >\ i ite at on^e^^^^i^
t atalogue.

m

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equaVto the sample which will be sent upon application.

\

iLANGSTEOTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
^^and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HamiltOR, lilS. ^^

-^1 ^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Revie •; ^^^^^^» r^~

lllnstratfid Advertisements Attract Attention.

u\i Furnlslied for all lllnstrating Purposes.

Please mention the Reuiew,

/n

V Queens rank with the best in
the world. I rear none ex-
cept the best Italians bred for
business, beauty and all good
qualities. I strive to excel, and
have shipped to every State and
to foreign countries, and if I have
a flissatisfied customer, I don't
know it. A large number of
queens on hand. Breeders 4 and
00 ; straight .5 baiid, $3.00. Untested,

5 band,

$1.00. Reference, A. 1. Koot.

2-94-tf

W. H.LAWS.

Lavaca, Ark.

THE WAR 15 on.

But the "GOLDEN" ITALIAN will gain the
victory, and as early as first-class queens can
be reared by the best'metiiods known, I will fill
orders promptly with selected queens reared
from the best straight five-banded breeders that
can be bought, and warrant every oiie sold, for
$1.00. or six for $5.00

Every queen in my apiary is yellow to the tip,
and the mothers of the drones were selected last
season with care as to all desirable qualities.

Correspondence solicited.

W. H. FRIDGEN,

CREEK, N. C.

2-9.5-tf

''lease

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's

pnc(
till" f

1 9."

and ■ the best shipping point in
)uiitry. Write for prices.

WALTER S. tOUDER,

. 12t Indianapolis, lud .

Please mention the Reuiew,

Larsiest Factory in the West.

COMPLETE STOCK.
Good Supplies and Low Prioes, Our Motto
We are here to serve you and will if you give us a chance. Catalogue Free, Adderss,
LEAHY AVAWUPACTURl/HG CO., Hi<?«insvni«, Ayo.

lAR,, 1895.

At Flint, Micl^igaq. — Or\e Dollar a Year.

58

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ADVEt^TISlNG l^ATES.

All advertisements -will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

Ou 10 lin^s and upwards, H times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On SfO lines and upwards, 8 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal ( l.O(i)

Canadian Bee Journal . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper ( ..50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( ..50)...
Apiculturist. , ( .75)

.$1.7.5.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
.• 1 30.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— Ml sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the colls sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but cojnbs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells nnsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
accordingto color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy wliite,"
" No. 1 dark," etc.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Demand for comb honey
slow. Extracfed honey is in better demnnd.
We qnote as follows : Fancy white, 1 2 to 13 ; No.
1 white, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1
amber, 8 to 9; fancy Hark, 9 to ln; No. 1 dark,
S to 9 : white, extracted, 6}^ to T ; amber, ex-
tracted, 6 to 614 ; dark, extracted, 5 to 5^^. Bees-
wax, 27 to 30.

H. R WRIGHT,
March 5. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

NEW YORK N. Y.-We are gradually working
down our stock of comb honey and the indica-
tions are that we shall succeed in disposing of
all of the white honey and possibly all of the dark
during the next two months. Demand for ex-
tracted is fair for choice stock while off grades
are_ neglected. We quote as follows : Fancy
white. 12; fancy amber, 11; fancy dark 9; No.
1 dark, 8: white, extracted, 6; dark, exracted,
5 to 5'/4. Beeswax, 30 to 81.

HILDRETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN,
March 6 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows :
No.l white, 14to 15; No. 1 amber, 12 to 13; No.
1 dark, 10; white, extracted, 6; amber, extracted,
514 ; dark, extracted, 43^. Beeswax, 25.

C. C. CLEMONS CO.,

March 6. .521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

CHICAGO, 111.— Market is cleaning up on al^
the choice lines of comb, but dark grades can't
be moved at satisfactory prices We quote aS
follows : Fancy white* 14 to 15 ; No. 1 white. 13 ;
fancy amber, 10; No. I amber, 9; fancy dark, 8;
No. 1 dark, 7 to 8; white, extracted, 6 to 7;
amber, extracted, 5 to 6. Beeswax, 28 to 30.
R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

March 5. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, lU.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— The supply of honey
in this market is small, and the prospects are
that it will soon be cleaned up and prices go
higher. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 15 ;
No. 1 white, 14 ; No. 1 amber, IZVi to 13 ; fancy
dark, 12 ; white extracted, 8 ; amber, 6.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

March 6.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— Fancy and No. 1 white are
cleaning up satisfactorily. Odd lots move slow-
ly. Buckwheat honey is very dull and extracted
is slow. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 13
toll: No. 1 white, 11 to 12; fancy dark, 8 to 9;
No. 1 dark, 7 to 8; white, extracted, 5 to 6; dark,
extracted, 4 to 5. Beeswax, 25 to 30.

BATTERSON * CO .

March 5. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y.

l^eady tO ]V[ail.

Untested Italian Queens are now ready to
mail. Price, $1.00 each; six for $5,00; twelve
for $9.00.

T. R. CANADY,

3.94.6t Fallbrook, Calif.

Jei)r)ie Atcbley

Wishes to inform the readers of the Review
that she is now headquarters in the South for
Queens and Bees. Untested queens, till June
1st, $1.00 each ; $5.00 for six, or $9.00 per dozen.
Tested, 3-bands, $1.5'; .5-band8, $2 .50; Carnio-
lans, $2 Oo. l^ntested of either race, same price.
Safe arrival guaranteed.

JENNIE ATCHLEY,
3.95 6t Beeville, Texas.

CANADIANS,

Drop me a card for my Seventh Annual Circular.
I manufacture the best Foundation, Smokers,
Sections, Hives. Etc., in the country; so say
many of my customers. Address

W. A. CHRYSLER,
3.95.tf Box 450, Chatham, Ont.

Please mention the Review.

IHE BEE'-KEEFERS REVIEW.

59

^IHTEH h^OSSKS

"©)

Are not always the result of the same cause. The}^
may come from starvation ; from poor food ; from
improper preparations ; from imperfect protection ; from
a cold, wet, or, possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar ;
etc., etc. Successful wintering- comes from a proper
combination of different conditions. For clear, con-
cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all - im-
portant points, consult "Advancp:d Bee Culture."
Five of itvS thirty - two chapters treat as many different
phases of the wintering- problem.

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the
book for $1.2S. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

®

I liavo several luinilr»il

QUEEN CAGES

of (iiffercnt styles aud sizes, made by ('. W.
1 ostellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

If you are i,'oing to —

BlJY A BlJZZ-SAVS^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
wliich he would tell it.

Muth's :::

EY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Id-Blast Smokers
S<|uz^re 6I2WSS Honey Jarj, Etc.

For (^irculars. apply to I'has. F. Mtjth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

1-94-tf. PleciR" Wenfion the Review.

EE SUPPLIES!

, Send for free copy of ILLUSTRATED
' C AT A L.OGXJE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. O. Kewman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

LISTEMHERE! I«0-Page Itee-llook FREE

Toeverv Ne*v SiiOM-rihfi- siMuilngif i 00 for the Weekly American Bee Journal lor a
year. (The book i-i ' Be saiidHoni^ " Uv Thos. G. Nt-wiiiaiu Besides articles from the best
bee-keepers, the Be ■ .loui ii il now h s 6 Uei>artiiie>i( Bit: Mors -.Mrs. .leunle Atchley in "The
Sunny Southland:" •' C inadlan Bee luui " 1.3' •• Bee-Masier:" " Questions and Answers " by Dr.
C. (J. Miller; " Noies and Comment ," i:x Pres R. T. Abboit; " Doctor's Hints" on {rood healih,
bj' Dr. Pelro; and ■• Amonjr the Bpe-Papers " by '•Gleaner," who gleans the best from all the
bee-papers each wee U. Spai'e forbids r lling- more. Better send lor Free Sample ^'opy, or
11.00 as per above offer t^^^ :iO-f"piii •riRl 'I't ip :'. months o"- \'^ wks.) to New sub-eribers.
Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 56 FIFTH AVE.. CHICAGO, III.

HO

THE BEE-KEEPEES

Apiarian Photograpiis.

As most I >f my readers know, J am sumcwliat
iatprested in pliotography, and, during i he BUra-
mer of 1894, as each phase of bee-keeping readied
its most mtfi est iug stage it was carefully plio-
tograplied. Ir has occurred to me tliat some of
my subscribers might be glad to get some of
these pictures t^ use in making cuts, or, possi-
bly, for the pleasure of looking at them, hence I
will describe a few of them.

No. 1, "Side removed from a hive containing
a swarm that lias been hived three days ; the
bees driven back with smoke disclosing the
combs in process of construction." In the out-
side frame there are only one or two piece.-i of
comb, the next frame contains larger pieces, and
the next still larger, the combs in the middle
frame nearly reaching tiie bottom of the frame.
Mr. Root says it is the best picture of comb that
he lias ever seen-

No. 2, 'Just ready to shake a swarm into a
basket preparatory to hiving them." This shows
a large apple tree with a swarm hanging Irom
the end of <me of its limbs and a m n upon a
step ladder just ready to shako l he trwarm into a
large clothes basket.

No. :!, '■ Frame of comb taken from the brood
nest of a colony that has recently cast a swarm
Tnis shows the white comb just beneath the top
bar, and below it the sealed brood, both worker
and drone, drones hatching out, and perhaps
half a dozen sealed queen cells. Everything is
so sharp and clear that <mo can almost imagine
that it is the real C(mib instead of tlie picture.

No. -1, "Worker bee and sting (with append-
ages attached) enlarged to four diameters."

No .'), " Drone bee enlai ged tt) four diameters."

No. t), "Queen bee and egg enlarged to four
diameters.'

No. 7, "Sectional and front view of comb-
building."

No. S, " Comb-biiiltlers hanging in clusters
secreting wax " This shows a frame in which
the workeis are hanging in those l-ng stringing
clusters secreting wax, and in the center is a
small piece of comb just commenced.

No. 9, " Sprig of basswood bloom, wliite clover
and a sectii u of honey." This is arranged some-
thing like the picture f)n the front cover of the
Rbvjew, and is a very neat and artistic little
piece.

No. 10, " (iroup of queen cells inearly natural
size) from one of which a queen has hatched.
Many who have seen this i-ronounce it the gem
of the collection. In looking at it, it i.s hard t(^
realize that it is only a picture.

No. 11, "Lining wild bees." This shows the
river and some pine trees in the background,
while in the foreground upon a stump is a " beo-
box " containing a comb upon which bees are
at work, while at the foot of the stump lies a
man watching eagerly to get the " line " when a
bee starts for home.

The above pictures vary in size from 4 x 5 to
.') X M, and will be sent by mail and safe arrival
guaranteed for .W cents each. Order by number.

Then there is the picture of the members of
the St. Joseph convention that 1 can furnish at
7!! cents. This picture is 8 x 10.

Any of the pictures that are not satisfactory,
or do not come up to the expectations, may be
returned unsoiled, and the money will be re-
funded.

If tiier(! is any oijject or feature in bee-keeping
that some one would like to have pliotographed,
1 should be glad to undertake the job.

W, Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Micll.

GOLDEN i"Li»K QUEENS

Now ready for- $1.1)1) each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our oirciil.ir for 1804. For
the price, we have the best spiayiug outfit made.
Send .^1. -.(I and get one. Win. 11. BRIGHT,
1-04 i2t Mazcppii, Minn.

Ru Pptlini Mail ^^ineitalian queens.

UJf llUlllill llIQll, 3red for Business. l?eanly
and (jentlenpss. Untested in June. $1 00; July
to October 7.")c each; (5 for $4.2."). Safe arrival
and satisfaction guarant(^e(l . Send for free
circular to

Theo. Bender^

(;.04.tt

Canton, Ohio.

Hopey Queers,

Five and three-bauded, and in seperate yards,
and only from selected stock, gathering the
niosi honey and capping it the whitest, and the
least inclined to swarm. My .^-banders are pure
Italians and not Cyprian crosses. I have no
foul brood nor bee paralysis. Warranted queens,
$1.00 each. 4 for $3.50. Tested $1.2.5 each. Safe
arrival guaranteed

J. H. GOOD,
a-O.i-tf Nappanee, Ind.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER,

Write to the editor of the Review. He h.is an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and lie
would be pleased to send dpscri|)tiv(> circulars
or to correspond with anyone thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

Printipsi Pre?? for Sale

In tiie (tlice of the Review is a toot-power,
self inking. Nonpareil printing press with a
chase Hx lU iticlies in size. This press is in per-
fect ordef and belongs to a compositor who has
set a large proportion of the type for the Re-
view, but poor liealth compels him to go West,
and the pres.s nuis* be sold. .\ny one in need of
such a pi ess can secure a bargain by addressing
CHAS. FELLOWS, Jk .

Flint, Micll.

EE SUPPLIES Z

,Sencl forfreecopvof II.I.l'.STRATEI»
'rATALOGV'E— de.«crlt.lng eveivthinu'
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. -^.Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chicago.

POTATO CRATES and Bee Hives
aiv iny speci.iltieo. rrice list free. Address
J. M. KINZIE, ssfia
1-95-12. Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

61

.1

CiPABLE • RELIABLE

T • EXCELLENT • CHEAP. I

THERE are plenty mora adjectives that
might be used, but tlie above are suf-
ficient .

Twenty years of experience, the largest fac-
tory of its kind filled with the most improved
machinery for the maniifaotiHv of HIVES,
SECTIONS. SUPERS, SHIPPING-
CASES. HONEY - BOARDS. ETC.,
ETC., ii^'aruoss to the pine forests of Wis,,
and an iihuudanco of capital, indicate some-
thing of our capability.

We have cnstomere in almost every town,
and inquiry of any of these will show our re-
sponsibility and methods of doing business;
or reference can be made to any of the Com-
mercial .Vgencies, to the Watertown banks, or
the North \Vest<>rn National Bank of Chicago.

Our large stock of lumber and o finished
goods, and our extensive manufacturing and
siiipping facilities enable us to fill orders
promptly. ;3-9.5-4t

3t

.'It:
?iit
:ic

?IE

3e

3E
5lltii
?IK

3E
at
isu

mm

3iE
^E

3E
3E
3E
3E
3E
3E
3E
3E
3E
3E
3EJ

Our hives are made of soft, white pine, judg-
ment being used in cutting so as not to leave
large knots or defective places, tiius giving an
excellent hive at a low price. 'Quality consid-
ered, you can scarcely buy in your home lumber
yard such materia) in the nmgh, at tlie cost of
hives bought of us and laid down at your door.
Our sections are of tlio whitest, winter -sawn
basswood, carefully sorted and accurately
manufactured

The advantages alrea<ly mentioned, combin-
ed with the fact that we do a strictly cash bus-
iness, thus losing no bad debts, enable us to
furnish goods cheaper than they can be se-
cured elsewhere when (juality is considered.

Hives and sections .are shipped in a Parks,
patent basket box which makes a neat, strong
and extremely light package, thus saving
freight, while the box is worth from 2.5 to iiO
cents after the goods are removed.

Send for descriptive price list.

(■ B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

LOOK! SEE!! SEE!!, Golden Italian Queens.

('. 1). DUVVLL is in Florida breeding early
queens from his original FIVE-BANDED STRAIN
of Italians which has givpn such general satis-
faction as

COMB HONEY PRODUCERS.

.\nd can furnish Cntested Queens in any (juan
tity from March stto April 15th. at $1.00 each;
six for $.T.OO Write for prices on large lots and
'"special" circular.

Dealers supplied at low rates. Safe arrival
guaranteed. .4ddr ss

C. D. DUVALL.

(After Aor. 15 and for j ' Before Xpv. i.).)

supplies I I 8AN MATEO, FLA.

8PEXCERVILLE, MD 'J-f)5-tf

BEGINNERS.

Beginners sliould have a copy of the .Vmateur
Bee-Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. J. W. House.
Price 2.5c., by mail 2-<c. The little book and the
Progressive Bee- Keeper (a live Tirogressive 28
page monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO Hiqginsville. Mo.

12-93-l2t. "

A. I. Root's Goods, at their
prices near home. We can save

, ^j you Freight. Order early and

V'VJ^YSy gggm-e discounts. S2 page Cata-
log, free.

.JOHN NEBEL&80N,
2-9.5tr High Hill, Mo.

Please ntenttun the Review

— ++ —

One untested queen before Jane 1st $!.()((

Six " ' 5.00

One " " after " 75

Six " ' 4.20

One tested '' before " .... 1.50

Six •' •' " •' 7..50

One •' " after " .... 1.00

Six " '• '• " 5.00

One selected tested for breeding, $3.00.

W. H. WHITE,

-95-tf

Deport, Lamar Co., Texas.

Please mention th-e Seuietv.

World'^ Fair t\e42d

Awarded my FOUNDATION. .Send f..r
Free Sample and Lartre Illustrated Price List of
everything needed in the apiary.

M. H. HUNT,

9-94-tf Bell Branch. Mich.

THE STK ATTO^J

American

GUITARS .' MANDOLINES

SRE HANOLEO AT ALi THE l.EAOI^O MUSiC STOflES
Oak. ABH Sirasoye Wapio Mahogany and Rosevvooo.

JOHN F STRATTON & SON.

Musical Merdiandise.

a9 • «a waiKer St.. nei* toril

PIviise mention the fteuitfw.

iV2,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIju

OUR 1895 CATALOG

Is now out with a new cover and an eleg-ant engraved front -cover
desig-n. It has been entirely re-arrang-ed, larg-ely re-written, and,
besides a h^t of new eng^raving^s, is packed full of useful information
on bees, so that it is now more than ever a unique

TEXT BOOK ON BEES. ^ « y
y « « FREE FOR THE ASKING,

The assortment of supplies has been carefully selected, so that
now we offer only what are the latest and most practicable and use-
ful appliances — all the "old styles" being- eliminated. Our new
machinery and g-eneral enlarg-ements enable us to make the most and
best g"oods we ever turned out. Send your name on a postal, and
tind out all about what we are doing-.

The A. I. ROOT Co., Medina, Ohio.

SOOTHEBN HOME SiriiJifB;;; ThG . Aspinwall . Hive

Whei-p you can buy qui^euH !is X"<>(l as the best,
eitlior from an imijortpd or .'i (iolden llaliiiu
inotlier; guaranteod to l)o fre*' fMiin priralysi.-.
at 75 centR oacli, 6, «4 00; 12, $7 T)!). Tebtod, ^\M)
(lach: 6, $.">.• 0 ; I2,$1>.(H) After Jump l.-t. 50 ceiUs
each for untested : ti. »2.r(); \i. ff4.00. Tested, 75
cents each; I). SJ.iiO; 12. *7.50. (iood hreedeis
f2.00 each. Straight five banded or •' faullle^s "
queens, $2..")0 e .cli. Hees by the pound, 75 cents
;i pound. All our golden, tested (iuo'>ns produc '
five-banded workers. Satisfaclion guaranteed
Descriptive circular free. Address

HUFSTEDLER BROS..
1 9.5-9t. Clarksville, Texos.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB fOUm.'TlOW

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TtiM, Flat Bottom FoiiiKlaiioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEV.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS.

(SOLE MANUFAOTUKEBS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N-Y

The Hive for Bees.

T\)Z Hivi? for Bee -Keepers.

Send for illustrated circular.

ASPIXWALL M.\NUFACTURING CO.,
2 9i5.3t. .Tackson, Mich.

FOR SALE.— 40 acres of choice, healthy piue-
land, partly cleared, with house and barn, near
a P. O., J^ mile from Gulf; fine bee-range, for
only $700 ! Reason, having two places.
3.95.1t ('HAS. NORMAN, St. Petersburg. Fla

RUBBER STimiPS rcLt':r"

Norwalk Rubber Stamp Works, Norwalk, 0.

e (§ee-Keepeps J^eviea^

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to th|e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR,
W. Z. HOTCHnJSON, Editor and ProDiletor.

VOL. VIII, FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAR. 10. 1895. NO. 3.

Work at IVEicliigaii's

Experimental

-A.piarv.

r. l. taylor, apiarist.

the management of swarming.

conser's hive.

niHIS hive was
'T' seut to me in
1898 too late to
be put to any test
that season, but
during the last
season it was
given such trial
as the character
of the year in re-
spect to the flow
of nectar permit-
ted. It is neces-
sary by way of explanation to say that this
so-called hive is not properly a hive in the
usual acceptation of the term, but is rather a
device used in connection with hives con-
taining bees for the purpose of preventing
swarming. The device which outwardly has
much the appearance of a hive except that
it has two round holes upon each side and
also upon one end, internally three com-
partments each of the capacity necessary for
three combs. Into each of the compart-
ments are two passage-ways from the out-
side which are formed by the holes just men-

tioned. One device is calculated to answer
for three colonies. When in use it is ar-
ranged with a hive at each side, and one at
the end having the opening, at a distance of
two or three inches, each hive being con-
nected with one of the compartments of the
device by means of a tube passed into one of
the holes already referred to and also into
a corresponding one in the hive itself in such
a way that the bees can pass back and forth
from the hive to the compartment to which
it is attached, but the queen is excluded
from the device by means of a piece of per-
forated zinc fixed in the tube. Each of the
other openings serves as an entrance to its
compartment.

The theory upon which the success of the
device rests is that a colony, so long as there
is empty comb in the brood nest for the re-
ception of eggs, will not contract a desire to
swarm, and in order to secure this condition,
the apiarist in sufficient time to forestall the
desire, takes three combs of capped brood
from the brood nest and puts them in the
adjoining compartment of the device and in
their stead in the center of the brood nest
places three empty combs or frames of
foundation. This operation is to be repeat-
ed in whole or in part as circumstances may
require until the danger of swarming is past.

As already intimated, I made a trial of
this invention in June last. Early in that
month the device was connected with the
hives of three good colonies and somewhat
later, before the hives became at all crowded,
three combs of brood were removed from

64

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

each and empty combs substituted as here-
inbefore described. Two of the colonies
showed no disposition at anytime to swarm,
but from the other a swarm issued before the
empty combs were fully occupied but it re-
turned almost immediately and made no
farther attempt. I think the issuing of the
swarm was owing to some abnormal condi-
tion. No further changing of the combs
was found to be necessary.

It would be an error to draw an argument
for the efficiency of this invention from this
trial. It was in reality no test, for but a
small per cent, of the colonies in the apiary
cast swarms. No thoroughly reliable test of
it can be had short of a repetition of its use
during several seasons favorable to swarm-
ing. A word of caution may not be out of
place here against haste in expending any
money for this or any other untried apicul-
tural appliance upon mere theoretical
grounds. The will of the bees often runs
counter to theories. It is safe to await favor-
able decisions of at least one reliable prac-
tical apiarist.

langdon's non-swarming attachment.

An extended account of a somewhat ex-
tensive trial of Langdon's device for the pre-
vention of swarming made during the sea-
son of 1893, was given in the report of the
work in the apiary for that year. A descrip-
tion of the attachment and a statement of
the theory upon which it is expected to ope-
rate in order to acomplish the purpose in-
tended are also given there and need not be
repeated.

The character of the season already refer-
red to, prevented the making of any crucial
test of this appliance, but it was used to a
limited extent. One attachment was affixed
to a pair of hives containing colonies of less
than the average strength so early in the sea-
son that swarming had not been thought of
and no swarming resulted, but, as non-
swarming was the rule, the failure to cast a
swarm could not be with certainty referred
to the influence of the device. Ijater in the
season two colonies, each of which had be-
gun the building of queen cells preparatory
to swarming, were selected and given an at-
tachment to determine, if possible, whether
the desire to swarm when it has once arisen
could in any way be effectually laid by the
use of the attachment. The result was that,
though the bees were shifted from one hive
to the other as often as once in three days,
and oftener when swarming followed the

shifting in less time than three days, the
swarming fever was clearly augmented in-
stead of being diminished, and this when all
the circumstances peculiar to the year were
most unfavorable to swarming.

There is nothing in these experiments that
can furnish a decisive argument either for
or against the validity of the chief claim
that is made for Langdon's attachment, but
one point seems to be pretty well settled,
viz, : whether the attachment will serve to
allay the swarming fever should it once be
aroused ; and it remains to be seen whether
that impulse can be prevented by the appli-
cation of the attachment before it has its in-
ception.

It is curious to note that whereas it is, we
may say, an universally accepted principle
that the crowding of bees creates the desire
to swarm and plenty of room tends to pre-
vent it, this non-swarming attachment, in
order to prevent swarming, actually, in its
operation, crowds together pitilessly all the
bees that are susceptible to the swarming
fever and gives a few of the young ones
which in any case would not be likely to feel
a desire to swarm, plenty of room. One can
hardly avoid the suspicion that both the
Langdon device and the Conser hive depend
for their success upon principles which the
bees are by no means uniformly careful to
observe. If a race of bees could be produced
that would never care to swarm until they
had queen cells capped nor while there was
room for eggs in the brood nest the solution
of the problem would be easy.

FIVE - BANDED BEES.

Having a desire to test the so-called tive-
banded bees, I introduced two queens of this
variety in the spring of lS!t4. As in the case
of so many other experiments, the unfavor-
able character of the season prevented any-
thing like a fair test of their abilities as hon
ey gatherers, yet it can be said that nothing
appeared to sliow that they were lacking in
this resi)ect. Though called " golden Ital-
ians," I would have pronounced them any-
thing but Italians judging from the disposi-
tion they exhibited. While they are not this
most irrascible of bees, they are yet very
nervous and quick to manifest a recognition
of intrusion, from which characteristic I
should have judged them to be largely of
Syrian blood. Eutthe most marked charac-
teristic exhibited by at least one of the two
colonies was an inclination to rob. If there
WHS any attack to be atteinpted on a colony

THE BEE-KEEPERS' JIFA'IEW.

65

or any chance to pry into a case of honey,
about one-half the would-be thieveB out of a
large apiary were from one or both of these
colonies. It is to be hoped that this peculi-
arity may stand them in stead in the gather-
ing of nectar when an opportunity occurs.
Lapeer, Mich. Feb. ->i\, ISD.f).

If Crops are Grown in the Future, There
Will Also be Honey to Gather.

C. p. DAI>ANT.

rrjHERE are many very good points raised
'iS in the editorial on the future of bee-
keeping, but we must not be too radical in our
ideas of the changes that are taking place
the world over. It is very true that the
breaking of the soil, the draining of the
marshes and the cutting down of the forests
has a tendency to increase the floods in the
spring and the drouth iu the summer months,
but will this increase be of such an extent as
to destroy all chances of successful honey
crops ? Then we may look not only to the
destruction of our apiaries but to the failure
of all our crops of any kind whatever. If
flowers will not yield honey there is little
hope of getting good crops from them.

But is this matter as V)ad as we think ? It
is only four years since we have had as good
a clover crop in these parts as ever was har-
vested. The conditions of the country have
not changed since. Were there no seasons
of scarcity of honey tliirty years ago V If
you will inquire of the old men they will tell
you that they have seen many a time, a suc-
cession of bad seasons, of drouth, or even of
excess of rain which is just as bad for the
bees.

There is, doubtless, a tendency to greater
extremes in drouth and moisture, owing to
the changes civilization has wrought, but
these changes are not so radical but that
there is a chance for good crops yet. It is
only two years now, since the greater por-
tion of Europe has experienced such a drouth
as they had not seen for a hundred and fifty
years. In eastern France and western (rer-
many in 189H, horses sold as low as $2.0() per
head, owing to the lack of hay and pastur-
age. Yet no one can say that the climatic
conditions have changed there, as they are
supposed to be here, by the advance of civil-
ization. There are no swamps there to drain,
no forests that a man may cut at his own

bidding, for the forests of Europe are all
under the control of the governments and
the greatest care is exercised by these gov-
ernments to preserve them.

If we are really going to be sure of an un-
interrupted drouth, caused by the progres-
sive changes made in the soil by cultivation,
we will have to irrigate, and, in my opinion,
it will not take long before this is done ; if
we once become thoroughly convinced of the
necessity of it. America has been taking
giant strides in civilization, and irrigation
is an open question.

In some way or other, we must grow crops
and put the soil to the best possible use.
Whenever we can do this we surely can grow
good honey crops. The past three years
have killed the clover, the corn and all the
weeds around here. The praire fields are as
bare of wild growth as the bed of a well
tilled garden. No wonder that the bees have
suffered. If this should continue, not only
bee-keeping should be abandoned, but farm-
ing itself would have to become a side issue.

Hamilton, 111. Feb. 1(!, 189;").

^:^:^^>^^^<;^

Improvements Will Enable Specialists in
Bee Culture to Remain Such.

L. A. AHPINWALL.

I'fognobtics respecting the wind and tlie woathor,
Would lielp solve the (luestiou if taken together.

T N the January number of the Review your
1 editorial upon the subject so thoroughly
depicts the situation naturally growing out
of the varied conditions set forth, that it has
led me to consider the subject, based upon
certain contingencies.

Although somewhat prophetic, a retro-
spective view, extending thirty or forty
years, should furnish many analogies, which
may be accepted as lessons for the future.
The numerous enterprises which have had
their beginning within that period, furnish
excellent object lessons for time to come.

Upon reflection, we will find that every
original enterprise was contingent upon
some great development. For example: the
railway and steamship lines were projected
by virtue of the steam engine. Money mak-
ing corporations grew out of the invention
of the sewing machine, mower, telephone,
etc. This retrospective view presents to our
minds another fact, viz : aided by inven-
tions we are enabled to accomplish vastly

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

more than by primitive methods. The
mower enabled the farmer to increase his
acreage of hay, and the manufacturer, aided
by the loom, increased his production of
woven goods. With the invention of mova-
ble frames we have been enabled to establish
large apiaries.

We see this development and growth every
where ; and with it, development of the spe-
cialist. This is a natural consequence ; men
develop in lines affording the greatest facil-
ities.

Like most other pursuits, bee-keeping has
become a specialty, and although contin-
gent upon one or two things must remain so.

I am hardly prepared to believe that the
sudden transition of our climate is altogeth-
er due to clearing the forests. Up to within
five or six years, the earth yielded her in-
crease by reason of abundant rains. These
dry seasons have been almost universal.
East and West. Illinois, Ohio, New York,
Pennsylvania and the Eastern States where
no perceptible change in the area of timber
land has taken place for years, have suffered
equally. There"are other causes, — planetary
influences being conspicuous among them —
which will in the course of time readjust
things to our satisfaction, if we are not too
unreasonable.

With the clearing of our timber lands, we
must all admit the loss of basswood and pop-
lar in many localities, as having seriously
affected the bee-keeping interests in those
districts, but when we take into considera-
tion that honey producing trees like the bass-
wood and poplar are limited compared with
the area of timber lands which have been
cleared, has not the aggregate growth of
clover, to say nothing of buckwheat and
other sources of honey, about equaled it ?
Furthermore, has not the planting of fruit
trees, especially of numerous orchards, to-
gether with shade trees about our homes, in
our towns, villages and even the suburbs of
our large cities, done much to supplant the
general loss ? Many are still living who re-
member when the State of Illinois was one
vast prairie ; now it has orchards, shade
trees and clover in lieu of prairie flowers.
Instead of those localities once rich with
basswood and poplar, which gave the honey
producer splendid returns ; is there not a
better average in favorable seasons, taking
the entire clearing into consideration ?

Aside from the loss of timber, and cli-
matic influences ; what is bee-keeping of the

future contingent upon ? As already stated,
specialties, are the result of facilities. I am
inclined to believe the present status of bee
culture demands two important require-
ments, which, when forthcoming, will place
the profession upon a flxed basis — I refer to
the prevention of swarming, and a perfect
system of wintering in the open air. W^ith
swarming controlled, the most casual ob-
server will readily comprehend the vast
saving of time and labor, to say nothing of
an increased yield of honey. The ability to
wiriterour bees out doors with the same de-
gree of certainty that is realized with poultry
and stock, would also do much towards plac-
ing bee culture upon a sure basis. Upon
these two long sought for requirements, bee-
keeping of the future is largely contingent.
I do not wish to be understood that its con-
tinuance as a specialty depends upon these
improvements ; but they will serve to place
it upon a firm basis.

A non-swarmer would enable the bee-keep-
er to obtain an increased amount of honey ;
also, to manage an increased number of col-
onies or out-apiaries. It would insure a
honey crop where swarming colonies would
store little or none. Such an invention
should require no manipulation ; simply to
apply it previous to swarming and remove it
at the close of the season. A successfn)
method of wintering would obviate the
necessity of bee cellars, and the consequent
labor of handling the colonies twice a year
together with the attendant care necessary
in the matter of ventilation and temperature
throughout the winter, and withal, added
security from loss. These accomplished,
would leave the future of bee-keeping con-
tingent upon the price of honey. Taking
into consideration that honey is a luxury, to-
gether with the present increase of popula-
tion in our cities ; no fears need be enter-
tained as regards lower prices in average
seasons.

In conclusion, I am inclined to believe that
with a continuance of the unprecedented dry
seasons we have experienced the last five oi
six years, bee-keeping in many localities, is
likely to became a side issue. However, in-
asmuch as bee-keeping has become a science,
very few outside the profession will be likeiy
to take it up. Those who are not skilled in
the pursuit will inevitably meet with failure.
There may be a few skilled bee-keepers, who
by reason of equal ability in other callings
will make it a side issue : but with the sug-

rHE BEE-KKEPERS REVIEW.

67

gested improvements, the majority will be
enabled to increase and manage a larger
number of colonies, with a much less expen-
diture of time and labor.
Jaokson, Mich. Feb. 5, 1895.

The Future of Bee - Keeping.

EUGENE SEOOK.

ED. Review : — Your leader in the Review
for January covers the ground so fully
there is not much left to lie said.

I notice, however, that you concede, with
more grace than you used to, that possibly
bee-keeping as an exclusive business will
not yield the returns necessary to feed,
clothe and educate all the youngsters who
happen to be dropped into the lap of some
devoted woman, who, willingly or unwilling-
ly, is sharing the hard lot of a genuine bee-
crank.

,. It sounds very large to most men to be
called a " King " among his fellows. If he
is a farmer he wants to own more acres and
raise more corn and hogs than any man in
the county. If he is a bee-keeper he is am-
bitious to see his name in the papers as the
" King Bee," that is, to own more colonies
and sell more honey than any one for miles
around. If he made a success on a small
scale, he figures the prospective profits from
a large apiary in the same manner that Hor-
ace Greeley (according to tradition) com-
puted the profits on ten acres of cabbage
from one nice one raised in his garden. He
stated the question something like this : If
one cabbage head is worth ten cents, what
will be the profit on ten acres of cabbages if
planted two feet apart each way ?

That's the way for a bee-keeper to get rich
producing liouey. If he succeeds in getting
one hundred pounds of nice comb honey
from one colony in one season, and sells it
at twenty cents per pound, it is very easy to
compute his profits on two hundred colonies
if they will all do as well as his first one.
And of course they will I Isn't he learning
all the time ? If he can make twenty-five
colonies pay, can't 'he, by putting all his
mind and energies into the business, make
four hundred pay ?

I think some such reasoning as this leads
most of the specialists into the toils. Please
do not understand me to l)e against special-
izing. As you say, there may be localities

where it will pay to plant out-apiaries and
to devote one's whole time to the business.
It seems to me that the same old question
recurs to us that has always been a leading
one with every thoughtful bee-keeper :
•' What is the source and extent of my sup-
ply ?" Every man will have to solve the
problem for himself and govern himself ac-
cordingly. It is not only a question of fit-
ness but of environment. What's the use of
a man's becoming an enthusiast in apicul-
ture if he lives where nothing but buffalo
grass will grow, and where the grass-hopper
is a burden ?

But, where white clover abounds, where
the beautiful linden has not heard the wood-
man's ax, where the farmers have not lost
their early love for buckwheat cakes, where
the golden-rod fringes the hedge and the
Spanish needle stays by the thriftless agri-
culturist, there it is safe to plant one, fifty or
one hundred colonies, according to circum-
stances. I suppose apiculture will have its
ups and downs just as it always has had.
Some students will come and some will go,
but the business will go on forever.

The law of "survival of the fittest" will
solve the problem. Flowers will continue to
secrete nectar, apicultural enthusiasts will
continue to be born, and if enthusiasm and
nectar secretion happen to get together you
may expect large crops. This will entice
others to try their skill and the same old
stories of successes and failures will prob-
ably be repeated.

Forest Citt, Iowa. Feb. 4, 1^95.

Bee Paralysis is Not Contagious But Hered^
itary— Salt an Apparent Cure.

JOSHUA BULL.

JAM inclined to think that bee paralysis
is not contagious. It may be of an endem "
ical nature, and peculiar to certain local-
ities, and climatic influences, like the ague,
for example, among mankind, but I am
much more inclined to believe that it is
hereditary, and may be transmitted from the
queen and the drone to their ofspring : as
cancerous and scrofulous humors are trans-
mitted from parents to children in the hu-
man family. If it be a fact that the disease
is hereditary and transmissible through both
the queen and the drone, it is easy to see
how rapidly it would spread through a

68

THE BEE-KEEPERS' UEVIEW.

neighborhood where it once gets a foothold.
In this would also be found a solution of the
problem, why changing the queens will in
some cases effect a cure of the diff culty, and
in other cases will not ; all depending upon
whether the new queen is already contam-
inated with the disease or not. But, although
the germs of disease may be lurking in her
veins, it may not develop with serious re-
sults for months, perhaps not during the
tirst year of her life, yet afterward render
her worthless ; the same as some people who
have inherited disease from their parents
are not seriously affected thereby until well
advanced in life, and then may die from its
efifect.

It has been suggested that bee paralysis
is peculiar to warm climates, and that bee-
keepers at the North have little to fear from
its ravages. But let us not feel too sure of
this ; my experience does not corroborate
that idea. Whatever may be the origin of
the difficulty, if the queen is contaminated
therewith, I believe it will develop with dis-
astrous results in spite of our northern cli-
mate, and will soon become acclimatized to
any locality, although climatic influences
and local causes may have a tendency to ag-
gravate its effect.

My first clue to the idea that bee paralysis
is hereditary, and not contagious, was de-
rived from the following facts which oc-
curred when I was living on my farm in
Seymour, Wisconsin, an account of which
was published in the American Bee Journal,
volumn 2(), page 582-3, date, Aug. 20th, 1890.
But as all the readers of the Review may not
have the back numbers of the A. B. J. to re-
fer to, I will endeavor to give the main fea-
tures of the case here.

In the summer of 1888, I purchased two
queens from a queen breeder that lived
several hundred miles south of where I lived.
I introduced them into two good healthy col-
onies. Previous to that time I had never
noticed any sign of disease among my bees,
(I kept about 50 or 60 colonies) and I did not
notice anything wrong with these two col-
onies during the remainder of that season.
They wintered on the summer stand, came
through in fine condition, built up very
strong in numbers in the early spring of
1889, but about the time of fruit bloom, both
of these colonies having said queens were at-
tacked with bee paralysis, and they soon be-
came a sorry looking crowd. While they
•were passing through the different stages of

the disease some would have a swollen,
greasy appearance, some would be trembling
like a man shaking with an ague fit, some so
paralyzed that they could only with great
difficulty move their limbs ; hundreds of
them died in the hive unable to get outside,
and they were indeed a sickly looking crew.
No other colonies in the yard ever showed
any signs of disease, but those having the
two queens mentioned appeared to be
equally affected, and, although their cases
seemed hopeless, I resolved, if possible, to
learn something out of the unfortunate af-
fair. Therefore I decided to leave one of
the colonies entirely to the mercy of the dis-
ease, and the other I would cure if I could.
I had read that sprinkling them with salt
water would effect a cure, so I sprinkled one
of them with a weak brine twice a day for
two or three days, but could not discover
that it had any effect whatever. 1 then took
a large spoonful of salt and dissolved it in a
little water, just enough to get the salt all
dissolved, and mixed this with one gallon of
honey and fed it to them just as fast as I
could get them to take it. This seemed to
check the progress of the disease somewhat,
and the bees began to appear more active
and lively. The salt being in the honey the
bees would necessarily feed it to the queen
and larv;e, and when the young bees that had
been nursed on this salted honey began to
hatch, they increased rapidly in number and
and soon the colony became strong and
healthy again, and never showed any symp-
toms of the disease afterwards. When I sold
my farm and bees, in the fall of 1891, this
same queen was then alive and the mother
of a strong healthy colony.

The other diseased colony which was not
medicated with salt, soon dwindled away
and became extinct, queen and all. Then,
to demonstrate whether or not this disease
is contagious, 1 put another colony of bees
upon the same combs in the same hive where
that diseased colony had died, without any
effort to clean out whatever, except to shake
out some of the dead bees that were among
the combs, and they never showed any
symptoms of disease, so far as I ever knew,
nor did it ever appear again in my yard.

After I once learned of the efficacy of salt,
believing in the old maxim that " preven-
tion is better than cure," I used to feed all
my bees a little salted honey every spring
when they first began to fly about.

Now I have frankly, though briefly, ex-
pressed some of my opinions and conclu-

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW,

69

sious, and stated the facts upon which those
conclusions are based. Tliere is much more
which might be said in detail, but I must not
weary your patience. My conclusions may
be wrong, but the facts will remain facts all
the same, and if there is any thought sug-
gested in this article that will in any way as-
sist in getting at a right understanding of
the origin, nature and cure of bee paralysis,
why then I shall feel that it was a lucky
thought.

East Faknham, Canada. Feb. 16, 'St.").

1^^

^r^4^'^^<^

Notes From Foreign Journals.
f. l. thompson,
l'apiooltore.
T^\R. DUBINI, the "Gleaner " and "Stray-
J_y Strawer " of U Apicoltore, removes
brace-combs in the fall from the sides of his
frames, and anoints the rabbets with vase-
line. He leaves the brace-combs on the top-
bars for the same reason tliat Doolittle does,
as an incentive to extend work above, and
because by so doing the amount of brood is
increased, as the brood nest is not so liable
to become clogged with honey in the spring
flow.

His hives are double-walled, with a cush-
ion above in winter. With such hives he sees
no advantage in "clamp" wintering, hav-
ing for years tried both ways by filling with
tow the spaces between a portion of the hives
in winter with no better results. For cush-
ions he has found the best material to be
tow.

Incomplete combs of the super are saved
until early spring, when they are uncapped
and set over the bees for stimulating, and
removed when empty.

The hives are tilted forward in winter to
get rid of condensed moisture. The entran-
ces are provided with a grating. He does
not believe in contracting the entrance as a
defence against rodents, as a small aperture
is liable to become obstructed, and he con-
siders that the colonies with insufficient air
are the ones that consume the most and are
least healthy. Winter passages are made
with a tin tube in the upper portion of the
combs. He has tried some double-story
hives for wintering, with favorable results.

After a trial, he does not approve of the
American (meaning Laugstroth-Dadant)
frames, owing to their greater dimensions
being horizontal. The resulting contour of

the combs is called generally, in Italy, the
"cold" position, in opposition to the
" warm," i. e., vertical position of the long-
er dimension. The observation of Thibaat,
in the Progress Ajjicole, is cited, that in poor
seasons the hives with frames in the warm
position are always richer in honey than
those with frames in the cold position. Dr.
Metelli, however, and a number of others,
have adopted the American (Dadant) frames
for the brood chamber. Dr. Dubini uses
the movable cover. Hives with fixed ceilings
are used in Italy as well as those with mova-
ble tops, and some go so far as to say that
both are necessary, for different localities ;
and that if the movable top had been in-
vented first, the fixed would have come into
use also,

A. von Rauschenfels, the editor, believes
in not disturbing bees in winter, and counts
the shining in of the sun at the entrance as
one disturbing influence. He lays great
stress on keeping the entrances constantly
shaded in winter, using little hinged boards
for the purpose ; but, on the other hand,
considers the winter sun of great benefit to
the rest of the hive, as it enables the be-
numbed outer bees to change their position,
even when it does not sensibly enlarge the
cluster.

Dr. Dubini, referring to Dr. Miller's pref-
erence for putting the additional chamber
under the original one, when necessary to
enlarge the hive {Gleanings, p. 052). agrees
with him, and adds that by so doing the
brood-nest finally becomes established be-
low, and the upper combs are fastened to
their bottom bars and in fine shape for ex-
tracting. His remarks show, however, that
he is not thinking of drawn comb in the
added chamber; and perhaps Dr. M. was.

Tesselsky, a Russian, found by exact ex-
periments that colonies in single-walled
hives consumed nearly IH per cent, more
than those in double-walled hives in winter.

Dr. Dubini suggests uniting the old col-
onies, two by two, as swarms leave them,
when it is desired to keep all colonies strong
and not increase.

Dr. Metelli makes the assertion that every
colony is at bottom the offspring of a colony
that swarmed, which in its turn was at one
time a swarm, and so on back for countless
generations ; hence, he argues that it is use-
less to expect to always, and every year,
keep down a desire in colonies which every
one of their ancestors has felt. But he says

70

THE BEE KEEPERS' AeVIEW.

nothing about the intervals in which just as
true a reproduction takes place by super-
sedure of queens.

The convention at Milan agreed that ex-
tracted honey after being strained should
stand for several days and then be skimmed,
before being put up.

Dr. Metelli's experience of last summer,
with ten to twenty swarms a day, showed
that when several swarms unite, if the re-
sulting cluster is let alone until evening, it
divides into lobes, each consisting of one
swarm.

Dr. Metelli, in raising extracted honey,
nses a board with a hole about four inches
square in the center over the brood chamber,
so that if the season turns out a poor one,
the honey is not scattered all over, but con-
fined below.

Domenicangelo Jammarrone has for sev-
eral years hatched chickens in bee hives with
success. He advertises an apparatus for
containing the eggs for something over
12.00.

Rev. Niccolo Jozzelli gives the following
recipe for shoe-blacking : Add as much
lamp-black, or better, refined bone-black, to
extracted honey, as will admit of stirring
the mixture with a stick while it is cold ; then
warm until softened, and put up in boxes.
Shoes should be thoroughly dry before ap-
plying. This blacking preserves its gloss
for a long time, prevents cracking, and soft-
ens and preserves the leather.

Dr. Dubini believes the yellow color of
wax to be due to pollen. He breaks up his
old combs into small bits, which are soaked
in water. After one or two days he squeezes
out the pollen with his fingers. It is gener-
ally yellow, and swollen by the water. The
mashed comb is then put on a wire screen
and dried in the shade, then melted in the
solar extractor, and never fails to yield very
light wax, as if it had been bleached.

LA KEVUE INTEKNATIONALE.

During the season of 189.4 Leon Sautter
treated with formic acid, for foul brood, 19
colonies which first showed symptoms in
the spring, at which time six were in an ad-
vanced stage of the disease. Fifty per cent.
acid was mixed with four times the quantity
of water, and poured from a height into two
empty combs for each hive, which were put
one on each side of the brood-nest. They
were examined every eight or ten days, when
the treatment was repeated if the colony was
still found diseased. On the eighth of Sep-

tember the whole 19 colonies were complete-
ly cured.

Another correspondent cured twelve, four
of which were in an advanced stage ; and
another bee-keeper cured a colony in which
the brood was all dead, by uncapping and
spraying.

A correspondent of the Schweizerische
Bienenzeituny, however, who had succeeded
last year by the use of this acid, reported a
complete failure this year.

From a biographical sketch of Dr. von
Planta it appears we can place reliance on
his utterances on the subject of bee-chem-
istry, as he has devoted ten successive win-
ters to the study of the subject alone, besides
being a competent scientist.

A case of what appears to be bee paralysis
is reported from Chili. The abdomens were
distended with pollen which they seemed un-
able to evacuate. The editor suggests that
the paralysis of the United States may be the
same as what is known in Europe as mal de-
mai, or May sickness, which does little harm
and disappears of itself. For this Hilbert
recommended feeding with syrup medicated
with salicylic acid.
gkavenhokst's illustkiekte bienenzeitung

Leberceht Wolf saw a laying queen come
out of a hive in early spring and fly away,
returning in three minutes.

I. W. Roth, in February, found a queen in
front of one of his hives. She was given to
a colony found queenless the day before, in
which she commenced laying within twelve
hours. The apiary was immediately in-
spected, but no other queenless colonies
found.

In the December number of this journal,
the articles m the Schweizerische Bienenzei-
hmg alluded to on page 80 of the American
Bee Journal for Jan. IS. 1894, are reprinted,
in substance as follows : Dr. von Planta,
in a series of accurate experiments, found
that the quantity of formic acid which should
exist in honey, if Mullenhof's theory, that
the bees deposit it from their stings, was
correct, is 200 times greater than the actual
amount. Sugar syrup suspended in a strong
colony, in a wire cage, for 14 days, gave a
distinct acid reaction, but the share of at-
mospheric acid in the composition of honey
was concluded to be very small. Sugar
syrup fed to a colony of young bees which
did not fly for eight days, was found to con-
tain, when capped, the same proportion of
formic acid as sealed honey. In both syrup

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

71

and houey, when unsealed, the quantity of
acid was imperceptible.

(xraveuhorst stoutly niaiutains that if bees
were destitute of water in winter they would
have to be supplied witli it ; otherwise the
result would be injurious, if not fatal. But,
he says, when the conditions are right
(which is ordinarily the case) they get their
needs supplied by the precipitations within
the hive, which, furthermore, contain a salt
essential to the nourishment of the bee.

He thinks the colors of hives have little or
no weight in queen rearing. He lost queens
when in wooden hives, but not in straw hives.
In the wooden hives, the bees ran too freely
from one entrance to another, and killed
each other's queens. (It is to be presumed
that the hives alluded to were sitting on
shelves in the German fashion.)

l'apiculteuk.

Abbe Martin has two methods of keeping
down what he considers unseasonable brood
rearing ; one is, by frequently extracting ;
the other, by so contracting the entrance
that there is an iusuiiiciency of fresh air in
the hive.

At the Congress of Nancy, Rene Madeline,
in a report on the state of apiculture in
France, asserted that though the production
of honey was increasing, the consumption
seemed to be dimishing from year to year.
Sections at 2'J, 39, and 49 cents now rarely
find buyers, while the market for extracted
is slow. He proposed two remedies : first,
reduce honey to the price of sugar (it is now
worth 30 per cent, more) ; second, sell direct
to consumers. A syndicate for the manu-
facture of spirituous liquors from honey is
about to be established in Paris, which if
successful will also handle honey.

J. B. Chardin, reviewing the question of
large and small hives in the light of the past
season's experience, which was a very poor
one, comes to the conclusion that while very
small hives are undesirable on account of ex-
cessive swarming and subsequent starvation,
very large ones are objectionable from the
large amount of brood reared, which con-
sumes what little is gathered ; and that hives
with a limited brood-nest, but with surplus
room capable of expansion, are best. With
such hives he and others, he says, obtained
a surplus last year.

Akoda, Colo.

Jan. 20, 1895.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Promletor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more,
70 cents each. If it is desired to liave the Revi iw
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN. MAR. 10. 1895.

Pbinteks' Ink is to the advertiser what
the bee journal is to the bee-keeper. It is a
weekly journal at $2.00 per year devoted ex-
clusively to the subject of advertising ; and
the man who spends but $10 per year for
advertising, should spend the first two dol-
lars for this journal. I am anxious that my
advertisers should get the best possible re-
turns for their money. Their success means
my success ; and for this reason I will fur-
nish them with Printers' Ink at half price —
.fl.OO a year, I paying the other dollar.

Advertising all of the time is probably
the most profitable course, but if there is
any time of the year when it will pay dealers
in apicultural goods to advertise it is during
the next few months. To advertise is not all
that is needed to make a success of business,
but it is impossible to make a success with-
out advertising ; and, other things being
equal, the better the advertising, the greater
the success. As a rule, too little attention is
given to the construction of advertisements.
They should be the best that it is possible to
make : not necessarily extravagant, in fact,
this is objectionable, but the strong points
should be brought out in the most forcible
manner. To illustrate, Chas. Dadant & Son
and the G. B. Lewis Co., sent me their cata-
logues, and, after reading them over I com-
posed and " got up " their ads. that appear
in this issue. I have no desire to appear
egotistical, but I believe that those adver-
tisements show clearly and forcibly the ad-
vantages that may be derived from patron-
izing these firms. If there are other of my
advertisers who wish me to try my hand at
getting up advertisements for them, let them
send me a copy of their catalogue, and I
shall be glad to submit to them proofs of my
efforts in getting up advertisements of their
business. There will be no charge for this
service.

72

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

The Kansas Bee Journal is a new IG-page
monthly at twenty-five cents per annum,
published at Topeka, Kansas, by Miller &
Dunham, and edited by Mrs. Edith Miller.
I believe this is the only bee journal having
a lady editor. The first two issues were so
poorly printed that I couldn't bring myself
to say anything about it, but the last nam-
ber was a very pleasant surprise typograph-
ically, which was all that was needed to make
of the journal a very creditable periodical.

MB. PEINGLe's essay ON EDUCATION.

At the recent Ontario Bee-Keepers' con-
vention held in Stratford, Mr. Allen Pringle
read a most able essay on "Education;" in
fact, it was the best of anything that I have
ever heard on that hackneyed subject, if not
the best of anything that I heard at that con-
vention, and I should have given it extended
notice had it not been that I believe such
things out of place in a bee journal, as I
have explained at some length in another
place in this issue. If I am drawing the
reins too tightly in this respect I wish that
my readers would say so.

In justice to Mr. Pringle it should be ex-
plained that the essay was written only upon
repeated solicitations, and with the under-
standing that it was to be read at the even-
ing meeting, to which the general public
was invited, where its reading would be
more appropriate than in a bee convention ;
but from a lack of information on this point
by the committee that arranged the pro-
gramme for the printer, the paper was
placed in the list of topics to be taken up in
the day time. Probably no one was to
blame, it was simply a peculiar combination
of circumstances, and this explanation is
made simply because I have been criticised
for omitting to mention the essay in my re-
port of the meeting, and I wish the true
reason to be known.

THE BEE-KEEPING OP THE FUTURE.

I have been interested in the articles on
this subject, and at the same time I have
been a little encouraged. I have published
everything that came to hand on the subject,
except an article from Mr. Heddon. I would
have given this too, but something had to be
left out of this issue, or else the paper made
larger, and, as I am working hard to " catch
up," I didn't think it best to enlarge. Mr.
Heddon agreed with the ideas advanced in

my leader on the subject, and his remedy
was to cut down the labor by using his hive.
I am ready to admit that cutting down
the labor helps to make a success of the
business, but if the flowers fail to yield nec-
tar, all of the short cuts in the world will not
save us. I was considerably impressed with
the remark of Mr. Dadantthat so long as we
can raise other crops we can raise honey.
This is probably true, but if all of the natur-
al honey resources are cut away, and the
crops that we raise are not honey producing,
then where are we ? Alsike clover and buck-
wheat are about the only cultivated crops
that we have that yield honey to any great
extent. I agree with my friend Aspinwall
that the prevention of swarming and the dis-
covery of some successful plan of out-door
wintering would do very much towards keep-
ing bee-keeping in the hands of specialists.
Let us hope — and, in the meantime, let us
not " lose our heads," but go carefully over
the ground, and then decide, as best we can,
what is the best thing to do, all things con-
sidered.

M^H^int"*^^^

WHY CALL LOCAL MEETINGS " NOBTH AMEBI-

CAN ? "

My friend F. H. Richardson of LaClede,
Missouri, who proposed that the North
American hold four meetings annually, has
written me a letter taking issue on the point
that such meetings would be simply local —
that leading bee-keepers could not and would
not make four long journeys in a year. He
thinks that I am a trifle egotistical in "think-
ing that each section of the country could
not furnish sufficient talent to make a good
convention." Bro. Richardson I didn't say
or mean that. You don't understand me. I
will admit that the bee-keepers of Nebraska
can have a good convention using no mate-
rial outside of that to be found in their own
State. The same is true of Canada, or of
the State of New York, or of Missouri, or of
many other sections of the country, but such
gatherings are not North American in the
true and broad sense of the word as we are
in the habit of applying it. All of these
meetings would be North American in the
sense that they are held in North America,
but in a broader and truer sense they would
be local. Even if the members were unusu
ally bright, it would not be a meeting of the
North American, and to so call it would not
make it such in reality if it did in name. I
can only repeat what I have said before : if

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

73

the North American attempts to hold more
than one meeting annually, such meetings
will become strictly local, and the rally from
all over the country that we now enjoy an-
nually will become a thing of the past.

•m>''m^)t^^»a*-

.IOUKNAL8 OF A MISCELLANEOUS OHABAOTEK.

The American Bee-Kiwper has increased
its size by adding a department devoted to
miscellany. If this thing keeps on much
longer, the Review will be the only journal
on this continent that is devoted exclusively
to apiculture.

My idea of class journalism is that each
journal attend strictly to its class of litera-
ture. I think that a religious journal should
discuss religion, and let alone bee-keeping,
medicine, etc. Medical journals ought not
to, and I believe they don't, meddle with
gardening or religion. I believe it better
that a bee journal confine itself pretty close-
ly to apicultural topics. ( )f course, there are
journals that are devoted to agriculture in
general, in which there are different depart-
ments, such as dairying, horticulture, poul-
try, bee-keeping, sheep husbandry, etc., and
this is all right, but when a journal steps out
and makes a specialty of one of these
branches, my idea is that it should stick to
its text and let the others alone. I am aware
that all do not agree with me, in fact, some
of the bee journals are taken, by some, more
for the matter that is foreign to bee culture,
than for the bee-keeping matter itself.

But there is no occasion for any quarrel
over the matter. There are excellent jour-
nals of both classes, and a man can choose
the one that he likes best, and let the other
fellow do the same. Several times I have
sounded the readers of the Review on this
subject, and those in favor of letting side
issues alone were unmistakably in the ma-
jority. But it should be remembered that
each journal gathers to itself a class that pre-
fers that style of journalism.

Let no one think that I wish all journals
to be like mine : nothing of the kind. I am
making a journal according to my ideas,
and it attracts readers of similar tastes.
Other men are making journals according to
their standard, and I am not surprised that
they find readers. The world is wide, and
there is room for us all. Let each spend hi ;
energies in doing his very best as he under-
stands it, instead of finding fault with those
holding views that differ from his own.

exxRT^cxeD.

why Small Hives are the Most Profitable.

I agree most fully with my editorial broth-
er, E. R. Root, in thinking that Mr. H. R.
Boardiiian is one of the keenest, brightest,
and most intelligent bee-keepers that we
have, and Gleanings is to be congratulated
upon having secured from him a series of
articles of which the following is the first.

'•I have been discussing the matter in my
own mind for some time as to whether any
thingmore could be profitably said upon this
already thoroughly canvassed subject. I am
quite sure, when the arguments are all in,
could the vote be taken, no change would be
noted in the use of hives.

It could not be possible that all the bee-
keepers in this grand diversified land, from
the cold North to the sunny South, could
agree upon the same kind of hive, either in
size or style.

Methods must be as various as the climate.
This question of hives, then, is largely a
matter of locality. I can speak for my own
locality only, as to what hives or methods
suit me best. I would not presume to dis-
cuss with the bee-keeper of the South or
West as to what is best for his locality.

Much depends, too, upon what is sought
to be accomplished — whether the apiarist is
working for comb or extracted honey, or
both together ; whether he wants increase,
or wants to prevent increase : whether he
wants to secure all possible of the honey
gathered, and supply its place by feeding,
or depends entirely upon natural sources.
It seems to me that, for the production of
extracted honey, the tiering-up feature
would be indispensable, whether the hive
used were large or small : and it also appears
to me, that a small hive is better adapted to
this purpose than a large one. But I am a
specialist in comb honey, and perhaps had
better consider the question from that stand-
point alone. In order that my prejudices as
well as preferences may be more clearly un-
derstood I will describe my hive :

It is an eight-frame hive, taking a frame
r2S4xl2-^£ in., inside measure. You will see
that this enables me to use a wide frame of
sections that holds 9 sections, (i frames to
the hive. I have recently, within two or
three years, commenced using 9 frames in
my eight-frame hive, in a space of 12 in.,
and the number so used is increasing each
year. It eive« some advantages that I will
not describe here, only to say it gives very
nice combs : so yon may put me on record
as favoring the eight-frame hive with 9
frames in it. and with the tiering-up feature.
Let me say, first and last and all of the time,
that, in an experience of 2.5 years. I have
found my hive large enough for every time
and place.

There are two principal points which I take
into consideration in deciding the proper

74

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV In/

size for a hive ; I want it large enough to
hold sufficient winter stores, and also to fur-
nish about the right capacity for brood for
the average queen — average, 1 say, fori have
never been able to have all my colonies breed
up uniformly. Some queens will outdo and
go ahead of the rest, while others will fall
behind, it is a prominent feature of my
work in the bee yard during the early part of
the season, when the bees are building up
rapidly, to equalize the strong and weak col-
onies ; and until I have all of uniform
strength in the yard, and all built up to the
full capacity of the hive, I think I have no
need of more room ; and with all in this con-
dition I feel that I am well prepared for the
beginning of the honey harvest. I do, how-
ever, build up extra strong colonies some-
times by tiering-up, which I will describe
hereafter.

For winter stores I would coasider it poor
economy to have a hive larger than required,
when well filled, to carry the bees through,
and have the honey all cleaned out at the be-
ginning of the honey harverit. I should rath-
er feed a little to brid ^e over than to furnish
hive room, and tug in and out of winter
quarters a lot of old stores that are worse
than useless in the hive.

In the early days of my bee-keeping expe-
rience I used to buy bees in old box hives,
and transfer them to movable frame hives.
These hives were of all shapes and sizes, and
my work upon them gave me an excellent
opportunity of observation, and I availed
myself of this opportunity. Proper size of
hives was one of the things I had in mind,
and I satisfied myself that that a brood
chamber of about 2,000 cubic inches was
nearly right ; and the experience of many
years since has confirmed that decision. In
many of the largest of the box hives that I
transferred, I found old stores that had been
carried over from year to year until it was
thick and waxy. I could not see how the col-
ony could be benefited by this surplus of
stores ; and unless a knowledge of the re-
serve gave them a sense of security, I de-
cided that such hives were too large. When
hives were so small that brood rearing had
to be economized, I decided that these were
too small.

LARGE SWARMS FROM BIG HIVES.

There has been a great deal said from time
to time about large hives giving large
swarms — big booming swarms —and much
heavy argument is brought forward to show
the profit of these large swarms, and conse-
quently the advantage of iarge- hives. Now,
isn't it a fact that the size of the swarm de-
pends almost entirely upon the queen ?
Would any queen produce any larger swarm
in a large hive than a small one, so long as
she was not restricted in laying and the bees
were furnished room ? I think it is the lay-
ing capacity of the queen that regulates the
size of swarms almost entirely.

Now about the economy of large swarms
How large would it be economy to have
swarms ? Of course, there is a limit beyond
which it would not pay to go. A large
swarm costs just as much per pound to raise

as a small one ; and who can tell what is a
big booming swarm — how many pounds of
bees ? So far as I can remember, no one has
thought to tell us just how many pounds of
bees there are in a big booming swarm that
issues from a big hive.

If we had a big pile of bees, as we some-
times do in the swarming season, when sev-
eral swarms go together, how many would it
be profitable to put together in a hive in di-
viding them up ? I have sometimes hived
these big abnormal colonies all in one hive,
and given them room, and watched them
with expectation of wonderful results. To
be sure, they work very rapidly at first, and
do more than an ordinary colony ; but they
never come up to my expectation. They
soon become normal in size, and never make
a record that will compare with the same
amount of bees in two colonies.

During the swarming season last year my
bees were in what I called very fair strength.
Tn order to know just what my swarms were,
I set them on the scales and weighed them
before shaking them out of the basket. I
found them to weigh 7 to 1}-q, lbs., from sin-
gle eight-frame hives. I could never see
much gained by having swarms much larger
than this.

BUILDING UP COLONIES BY TIERING UP.

I find no difliculty in getting brood reared
in two hives by tiering up. In fact, I had
thought that more brood could be secured by
this method than any other I had ever tried.
It involves some extra labor, and requires
plenty of stores, unless honey is coming in.
When a colony becomes strong, and needs
more room, if a hive of empty combs be
placed on top or over it, the bees will soon
occupy it, and the queen will not be long in
following. The empty combs, with a strong
force of workers, make the conditions favor-
able for the queen to do her best, and she will
not be long in filling the combs with brood.
I do not expect the queen to continue laying
in both hives at the same time. I do expect,
and am not often disappointed, when the
queen goes above, that she will continue
work in the upper hive until it is full of
brood ; and unless honey is coming in, the
bees will remove a considerable portion of
the honey above also, thus leaving the lower
set of combs empty, or nearly so, as fast as
the brood hatches. My hive being deep, no
doubt gives different results from a shallow
one. Bees are inclined to occupy the upper
hive when tiered up. This I call forcing the
queen. I can. if I wish to continue brood-
rearing longer in both hives, set the bottom
hive on top, and it is in the most favorable
condition to tempt the queen above again.
But it is not economy to push brood-rearing
far into the honey season.

The tiering feature I find valuable in unit-
ing colonies. I just place one colony over
the other, with a honey-cloth or oil-cloth be-
tween, with a corner turned so that a small
passageway enables them to get acquainted,
and, after a few days, remove the cloth,
place the hive to be occupied on top, with the
queen.

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

75

lu the same way I unite colonies wlieu they
are set out of winter quarters ; but no cloth
is necessary between the hives, nor is it
necessary to kill one of the queens. Being
of the same scent, they unite without confu-
sion ; and often both queens continue work
for some time. There has been much of the
best thought of our best apiarists expended
in devising methods by which brood-rearing
could be judiciously encouraged early in the
season, when the colonies are light, and are
struggling against vicissitudes of weather,
with a large amount of brood to care for.
Contraction of the brood nest by use of di-
vision bo irds and dummies, the use of cush-
ions and packing and care have been re-
sorted to for the purpose of protecting the
colony and economizing the heat. But these
are all expensive, and involve much labor
and continual fussing, and I think they are
only arguments in favor of smaller as well as
more properly constructed hives.

I have not called attention to the advan-
tage of a small hive over a large one, in the
lifting, carrying in and out of winter quar-
ters, etc. The ground has all been gone over,
but this I consider an important item not to
be overlooked.

After all, the question is not whether A can
get better results with a large hive than with
a small one, but whether A can get better re-
mits with a large hive than B can with a
small one under the same conditions.

East Townsend, Ohio."

I was much impressed with Mr. Crane's
article in the last Review, and am inclined
to agree with him that locality has some-
thing to do with the size of hive that it is
best to use, but in my locality I know that
all of the arguments used by Mr. Boardman
hold good. Following right along in the
same line, as though to pile proof on proof,
this same number of Glenninys contains an
article from Mr. Doolittle that I reproduce
below. It seems to me that the facts and ar-
guments set forth by these two men are irre-
futable, but, if any of my readers think oth-
erwise, I shall be only too glad to give place
to their arguments.

Laying Capacity of Queens.

" Question. — I see that very many of our
most practical apiarists are recommending
eight Langstroth frames as the right size of
brood chamber for a strong colony of bees.
Such eight-frame Langstroth hive, if entire-
ly occupied with worker comb, contains lUis
square inches of comb, or about r)S,40() cells.
From this we must deduct at least 10 per
cent, of the space for the usual supply of
honey and pollen, leaving about r>'2,r)i)0 cells.
Allowing 'Jl days for the bee to hatch, and
one day for the bees to tix the cell and for
the queen to lay in it again, we have an ave-
rage of a little less than 2,500 cells for the
queen to fill per day. Now, is 2,400 eggs the
utmost daily laying capacity of a queen in a
strong colony ? and if not, should any queen

be restricted to that amount when she could
and naturally would lay more ? I ask these
questions to help me determine what size of
hive to build this Vinter, having up to this
time supposed that a ten-frame L, hive was
the smallest hive that could be profitably
used.

Answer. — If a colony of bees having a
good prolific queen is given ;50 Langstroth
irames, using but 8 to start with, and adding
two or three at a time, as the bees can oc-
cupy them, until the 30 are all in, it will be
found that such a queen will lay from .5,000
to (!,00U eggs daily, during the best part of
the egg-laying season, and die of old age or
exhaustion when but l>s or 20 months old ;
while with the 8-frame brood chamber she
will give as good results in comb honey, if
not better, each year, and live for four or
five years. I take it for granted that our
questioner is a comb honey producer, al-
though he does not say so, and shall give my
views of the matter wholly along that line.
With the large hive the bees are quite likely
to get the start of the queen, and commence
to store honey in the brood combs before
entering the sections at all, and in such a
case the bees seem loth to go into the sec-
tions, and continue to store honey in the
brood chamber in preference to going into
the sections, thus crowding out the queen
with honey in the comb which ought to be
occupied with brood, till we have as a result
very little section honey in the fall, and a col-
ony in poor condition for winter. Besides,
it is well to remember that all queens are not
equally prolific ; and while 20 per cent, of
our queens would keep the brood chamber of
a ten-frame Langstroth hive properly sup-
plied with brood to give the best results in
section honey, the other 80 per cent, would
not be prolific enough to do so ; hence in the
majority of the hives in the apiary we should
have a condition working against our best
interests, which could not be overcome by
the extra amount of comb honey produced
by the 20 per cent, whose queens were pro-
lific enough to work in these ten-frame hives
to advantage. For these reasons it would
seem best to adopt a size of brood chamber
which any and all queens, which were worth,
keeping at all, would have occupied with
brood at the commencement of the honey
flow, thus securing the best yields of surplus
section honey at all times. Because a queen
may lay G,000 eggs daily by using plenty of
comb capacity and coaxing it does not
necessarily follow that it is to the best ad-
vantage of the apiarist to accommodate or
even coax a queen to bring her fullest laying
capacity to the front at any time. Queens,
in any well-regulated apiary, are among the
smallest part of the expense incurred, while
labor, hives, and combs go toward making
up the larger part of the same. For these
reasons I claim that the capacity of the queen
should rather be above the capacity of the
brood nest than below it. so that all combs •
may be fully occupied with brood. Unless
this is the case the outside combs continue,
in most cases, to be dead capital from year
to year, unless we argue that they are neces-
sary to insure the safe wintering of the bees.

76

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

After an experience of over 25 years, I can
not consider any argument along this insur-
ance line as aught but fallacious.

Again, suppose that a queen can average
5,000 eggs daily for a certain period. What
is the price or worth of those eggs ? Does
the sum and substance of bee-keeping de-
pend on keeping all queens employed at egg-
laying to their fullest capacity ? Bees, when
they come on the stage of action at just the
right time, are very valuable : bat eggs are
of no value, only as they tend in the direc-
tion of producing these valuable bees. Aye,
they tend toward a positive disadvantage,
and to take away the value we already have,
only as they are looking toward the end of
producing the required bees in the field at
the time of the honey harvest. Here is a
point often lost sight of by the large hive ad-
vocates. As I said before, eggs cost practi-
cally nothing ; but as soon as the bees begin
to perfect them toward bees, then they begin
to cost ; and if this perfecting is going on to
any great extent at a time when the perfect-
ed product is placed on the stage of action
either before or after their presence in large
numbers are needed, we not only have the
cost of their perfecting to pay for, but the
cost of their consuming, after being perfect-
ed, as well. This consuming part, we always
have to pay for ; but we willingly do it at
any time when the production of the indi-
vidual bee is greater than its consumption.
But I can see no object in doing this at any
other time, simply that the laying capacity
of any queen may be gratified. A hive that
is large enough to gratify the greatest aspi-
rations of every prolific queen, at the times
of these greatest aspirations, will have too
much capital lying idle in it the largest share
of the year, and be a bungling hive at that.
From all past experience I think that 2,400
eggs per day would be a good maximum
average for any queen. Rain, cold, or other
disturbing influences often retard the activ-
ity in the hive and of the queen, and thus it
happens that at times the best of queens of-
ten do not lay more than 1,000 eggs in a day,
while, with the right conditions, she may
multiply this number by four, and still have
plenty of room in a hive which will give an
average of only 2,400 daily. Then, again, as
two and one-seventh generations of bees can
be brought on the stage of action to where
one steps off, we find that, in a hive giving
an average of 2,400 bees daily, we can have
in that hive, if properly managed, 108,000
bees on the stage of action right in the hon-
ey harvest, when their productive power is
the greatest ; and at such a time such a num-
ber of bees are a host to roll honey into the
sections with the combs all filled with brood
below : and this rolling of honey into the
sections, means the rolling of money into the
bee-keeper's till. Experience has shown
these men who are advocating an eight,
frame L. hive that such is the best, as this
keeps the frames full of brood, and puts
honey into the sections. However, all our
questioner (or any one else) has to do is to
use part ten-frame and part eight-frame
hives in their apiary, when a little time will
satisfy them which is best."

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

¥ILLIE ATCHLEY'S experiment in fer-
tilizing queens by fertile worker drones,
I would not have ignored it this long had it
not got skipped in my reading somehow.
The result he attained was to a certain ex-
tent unpalatable to me ; but I am not that
sort of fellow to go into the " conspiracy of
silence " business just because a thing don't
go my way. But readers may " look a little
out '■' for my prejudices in favor of that kind
of queen. The one I have (or think I have)
is doing extra well. M'Arthur has not yet
reported on the honey gathering qualities of
his, I believe. Either a whim of mine, or
the analogy of certain other insect species,
where parthenogenetic males take their
places regularly in keeping up the race,
makes me suspect that the fertile worker
drone is a device of nature's to effect some
sort of rejuvenation of the bee, which ordi-
nary generation does not effect — need a
grain of fertile worker salt once in ten or
twenty generations, else a tendency to " run
out."

Now this much being said, Willie must ex-
pect " butcher-knives," even if he is a pretty
nice boy. He does not give us the details of
the experiment, hardly any of them. " Hon-
est Injun," how far was it to the nearest spot
where ordinary drones might have been ?
Was not drouth and honey famine prevail-
ing at the time ? Wasn't it too late in the
season for any queen to show up with cer-
tainty her real quality ? Are there not quite
a sprinkle of cases where a queen lays an
excess of drone eggs at first, and becomes a
serviceable <|ueen later on ? Was not the
chosen locality entirely barren of flowers ?
In that case, if they smelled posies on the
breezes, they would fly seven or eight miles.
Who knows but wandering drones might go
home with them ?

In place of giving us the details of the ex-
periment, to judge for ourselves about, Wil-
lie fills the most of his really interesting
article with theory^following what is now
(I believe) an abandoned theory. It used to
be held that a drone i)roduced all the multi-
tudinous thousands of spermatic particles
needed, and transferred them to the queen,
who kept tliem for use in a spermatheca.
But dissection of eggs showed excess of par-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

77

tides actually within the egg (eometimes as
inauy as a dozen, if I mistake not) and the
little hole provided for thorn to enter is so
small that in pushing one, three, or a dozen
through, very probably live times as many
more were dabbed on the outside of the egg
to dry up. Then we are to consider that a
queen is capable of doing this to each of
nearly a million eggs. The thing got too
heavy to carry after awhile ; and, if I am
right, the leading thinkers of apiculture now
mostly hold that the queen receives, not her
whole supply, but a moderate stock to begin
on, of these curious little particles — the par-
ticles multiplying in the spermatheca as
needed. If the new theory is true the quan-
tity of the original stock is of little account,
except for a few days at first, but the quality
of the original supply is greatly important.
If the old theory is right, then indeed the
queen with a scanty supply is useless, except
as mother to another queen which might in-
herit any particular excellences in the way
of quality.

According to his own wording, Willie is
not quite .sure that all the queens mated with
fertile worker drones. I take it he would
have been still more in doubt about it had
not the experimental queens laid too many
drone eggs in worker cells. This seemed to
be the only abnormal thing he noticed about
them. I hope these queens are not all de-
stroyed, but that we may hear of their be-
havior next season.

An experiment on an island next year is in
contemplation ; but it will cost quite a sum
in cash, besides the time, and " chipping in"
is suggested. Gleanings leads off with live
dollars. If all thought as I do about it, it
would do to say, how many will give double
price fer one queen of best stock positively
fertilized by a worker drone — instead of say-
ing, how many will give a dollar toward the
cost of the experiment ? (Mr. Alley of
course need not be cut oft from offering a
hundred dollars for one.)

Gleanings.

Let me see, what kind of paint did I put
on Gleanings the last time she was in dry
dock ? Whatever coating got put on for
some of the promising writers seems to have
peeled off since. Was going to name John
Smith as a "peel-offer :" but Jake, after
sleeping in his bunk for many months, has
been on deck quite recently. But if there is
a little peeling off occasionally, Gleanings is
the same nice ship — same assortment of

captains and pilots, and same boa's'n. And
she rides the waves of the hard times cy-
clones a little easier than any other craft.
No other seems to be saying ' Eight pages
extra this time." The editorial work in the
line of travel notes and interviews keeps well
up, if not expanding a little in space. Friend
Norman seems to be the new ' middy ;" with
more frequent hearings from friends France
and Dayton. Portrait publishing, which
had declined a little, is being revived. The
opening number of the year has two excel-
lent portraits ; and the persons are people of
general interest whose pictures have not been
trotted around much, if at all. They are
John T. Calvert of A. I. Root & Co., and N.
E. France of E. France & Son. And putting
foot-notes of the Gleanings variety on the
straws gives an added vivacity to the first
page of late.

Now we have something positive about the
very chap we have up for special investiga-
tion, the fertile worker. From a hive where
worker laying was in vogue 98 workers were
dissected under the microscope. Well de-
veloped eggs were found in twenty of them.
So it is not the case that just one worker sets
up as a fraudulent queen. Dr. Marchal in
Apiculteur (per straw in Gleanings, 7.)

" A board can twist, no matter if an iron cleat
be immovably fixed on each end." Dr. Miller,
(ileanings, 11.

This is auent the flat, single board cover.
Like the stars in their courses this truth is
likely to fight against that popular fixture,
until it declines from popularity to unpop-
ularity, and from that to extinction.

Friend Foppleton samples our credulity
by telling that two tablespoonfuls of pine-
apple juice, allowed to besoak a pound of
very tough beef for a few minutes before
cooking, will make the resultant steak so
tender that it will begin to crumble before
your teeth fairly get hold of it. Gleanings,
l.'j. I'm thinking pineapples will begin to
rise soon.

Against our own wish, and will, and pre-
judice, how we get drifted by the opinions of
our fellow men sometimes ! Ernest, at the
France's, found the junior France still at-
tached (in theory) to the two story shot-tow-
er hive, with its 40 inches of perpendicular
comb ; but the hives themselves had all got
down to one story of 20 inches. Gleanings, 17.

A nice putty, made of air slacked lime and
pine tar, is the thing to transform carpenter
work into water-tight work, says John Y.
Detwiler. Reliable, and dries very quickly ;

78

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

but the rapid drying will not admit of its
being kept on hand long. Gleanings, 22.

Dr. Miller, in Gleanings, 43, says a joint of
grass properly shaved down is better than a
quill tool to transfer larvte. Quite appro-
priate that a straw should recommend hay.

Bee-keepers suffer a little persecution at
times an account of the favor they how to
sweet clover, which the general public is get-
ting a trifle frantic against, as an obstruc-
tion and eye-sore in the highways. Friend
Baldridge's tract, to show them that experi-
menters under government pay are doing
the same thing — well it mav not cure their
hostile views, but it is a good rod to draw
their lightning away from we'uns.

■' Why not use a bee-escape to get the bees out
of those combs ? Too much lifting to put them
on ; and I don't think the bees can be got out of
the senond or middle story any way with an es-
cape.'' E. France, Gleanings, '45.

As the three story method seems to be the
winning idea, the escape seems fated to
travel the road of the by and by with a lame
foot.

And friend France gets in a good shot at
the current style of apicultural interviewing.
At the cost of many shekels run off a thou-
sand miles (or less) somewhere. But when
you get tliere no time to be shown anything,
on even to talk about anything, 'cause there's
only so many minutes to get started on the
next thousand miles. Most as bad in its way
as spending ten dollars to go and hear an
essay read.

Fred. Craycraft, of Cuba, reinforces Dr.
Gallup, of California, about the practicabil-
ity of crowding out the swarming trouble.

'■ Where there are a large number of colonies
(say 500) in (me place the bees do not get enough
honey during spriog and summer lo encourage
swarming to any extent ; and during the cam-
panula honey flow the bees aie never strong
enough to swann ; therefore it can be seen that
the swarming question can be eliminated, p. 48.

Yes, the fact that Cuba's great honey har-
vest comes in the winter evidently makes it
possible to dodge swarming. But who will
furnish me with Cuban conditions by fast
freight ? And what will the price be ?

According to Prof. Cook in Gleanings, 52.
Eucalyptus longifolia is the tree to plant for
honey in California. Blooms through No-
vember and December into January ; and is
very attractive to bees. A beautiful orna-
mental tree ; and it grows so rapidly that
they have a two-year-old that is seventeen
feet high (or was it seventeen miles ? I wish
to be accurate in these little matters ; and in
dealing with California one's sense of the
probable has to be renounced.) But anoth-

er eucalyptus (there are a hundred of them)
kills bees by the gallon. Still another one,
of the guardian angel sort, plays the same
game on mosquitoes and microbes. But if
they keep on fooling with eucalypti until
the one that kills all people who tell big
stories, then, sir

Almost afraid Prof. Cook is getting the
scientific frame of mind drawn out of him
by that exuberant climate — afeered if he
should get a crop of six or seven tons he'd
pronounce it sixty-seven tons too.

Variety, variety ! Variety is the spice of
life ; and it seems it is the successful spice
of death, in the very important job of keep-
sng a bee cellar free of mice. Poisoned
cheese, poisoned mince meat, and poisoned
honey, and each put in fresh every few
weeks is the way friend Davenport recom-
mends. Gleanings, 53. By the way, is not
the honey spread a useless addition ? I have
kept piles of sections in a mouse infested
garret, with almost no damage. Naturally
I concluded that mice do not eat honey until
nearly starved to death. I once had some
partly grown,' mice get into a deep box where
they could not get out. A few sections of
honey were in there. The mice perished,
apparently of starvation, without having
eaten very much of it. Try bruised black
walnut meats instead of honey, or a nice jam
of pumpkin seed. No doubt about the mis-
chief mice do in eating bees, gnawing combs,
and keeping up a destructive disquiet.

The Germans have a queer kink that bees
never carry eggs or larv;e about. The fact
that French and American authorities take
the affirmative seems to serve as negative
evidence to them. Ernest mixes in to the
effect that he has seen a bee carying an egg
— but he neglected to follow on and see
whether the egg was used for lunch, or queen
rearing, or what. Gleanings, 88.

And Mr. Doolittle is actually yielding a
little to the lean location tactics of less hon-
ey in the hive for winter. He tells us {Glean-
ings, 101) that he recently let his bees go into
the winter with 18 pounds for out doors and
12 for the cellar. This was with the intent
to feed them in the spring ; but most of
them did not get fed at all. I go quite a bit
below 18 pounds rather than feed in fall —
but then I am a hardened old offender.

Mrs. Atchley halts the statement that the
bees of a five- bander queen, mated to a
black drone, cannot be told from pure three-
banders. Always some black children in

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

79

such a household. But if {he drone is partly
of yellow blood, then the statement may
hold. F. A. Lockhart and ('. B. Bankston
confirm this — but Ernest sticks his toe nails
in and hangs on. Gleaniuys, l(i8.

An editorial on page ]();") tells how to make
a battery for imbedding wires into founda-
tion in such a lucid and pleasant way, that
all people having that sort of work to do
should be thankful. Only I wonder hoiv
they let a battery rest ; whether by removing
the zinc and carbons from the fluid, or by
just leaving the whole thing be, or how —
presumably not by giving it a peck of oats,
and rubbing it down with a sponge.

D. D. Hammond thinks the rusty honey
alluded to last month is from the pollen of
some flower which keeps bees all dabbled
over when they work on it, as does pumpkin
bloom. American Bee Journal, 181.

.Teunie Atchley, from her location down
near the tropics, reports ten days of cold
weather, three irches of snow, and more
coming. This makes two winters she has
found there unsnited to the reputation of the
latitude. .4. B. J., 13H.

In southern California they think they will
always have a crop of honey if they have
rain enough to begin on. They have already
had three times as much as last season ; and
it came gently, and soaked in. First pointer
for our next season's market. A. B. J., 1I-52.

Heddon's (Quarterly for -lauuary contains
as an extra sheet one of the ablest and most
concise expositions of the whole practical
work of bee-keeping which has hitherto been
printed. The author's name is not given ;
but he knows how to make himself under-
stood without waste of words. Nearly every
item is conservative and well established.
However, beginners who are not going to use
the Heddon hive do not want to take it as
their " vade mecuvi,'^ as it involves that
hive and system continually. Once having
got fairly under way, they might find it to
their profit to study it carefully, even if fol-
lowing some other system.

I beg the mercy of the other papers this
time for giving so nearly the whole view to
Gleanings Have been wretchedly behind
with my reading ; and being pushed for
time, I could read more nearly up on one
paper than on all. Don't know but I shall
have to change the title of these papers (else
abandon them all together ) if my reading
continues to weigh down on me so.
Richards, Lucas Co., Ohio, March 2, '9i").

ADVERTISEMENTS

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both tlie publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw yonr ad in the Review."

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

Bees ! Scooped!

1 have at last succeeded in buyius all tlie bees
within 2J^ miles of my liomo apiary, except fivo
colonies, and thesre 1 have Italianized and liave
permission to control tlieir drones. This prac-
tically gives me a clear field for breeoing pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
experience in breeding and experimenting' with
Italian queens and bees, bred from my own im-
portations and Doolittle's "Best," and I breed
"■ for business." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, S-frame,
D. '1'. hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, $27. "lO ; lOcolonies,
f 50 00 ; one frame nucleus, $1,^0; two frame,
$1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to
the above. During Marcli and April, one tested
queen, $2.10. Select tested queen, $3 00. After
May Ist, one tested queen, $1 50; :S for $4.00; t>
for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 50. Uutt.sted queens
as early as the season will permit of their being
reared, one for $1 00 ; 3 for .*2.25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 12
for$t).75. 1 have over 100 tested queens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
colonies to fill extra early orders.

Contracts lor hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian queens on reason-
able terms

JOHM A\. DAVIS,

2 95 12 Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn .

R-I-R-A'N-S

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

80

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEVi

SAVE MONEY.

It is always economy t<i buy the
best, especially when the best coats
no more than something not half so
Kood. OUR FALCON SECTIONS
are acknowledged to be superior to
any on the market. The same is also
trueoionr HIVES and BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, of which we make
all modern styles. OUR PRICES
will l3e found as low as those of any
of our competitors, and in many
cases lower, and you are always sure
of getting first-class goods. We also
publish THE AMERICAN REE-
KEEPER, a monthly magazine (fiftl\
year) at 51)0. a year, invaluable 1o
beginners. Ijarge illustrated cata-
logue and price list free.
Address

THE W.T. FALCONER M&N'F'G CO.,

.lAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish <if E.ist Nottingham,
N H., is our Eastern agent. Now
England customers may save freight
by purchasing of him

Please mention the Review.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That, covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, (^laremont. California for
his > /> • /

Bee-Keepers Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

r% Direct -Draft rerfect
BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

1 Names of Bee - Keepers. |

i TYPE WRITTEN. |

The names of my customers, and of those ask
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (.in the largest States) .
and, although this list has -been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
■A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2..'iO
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnisli them
at $2 00. NV. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

Bees Frorn tb^ South.

I shall have shipped to New York, from the
South, (via. steamer) during April and May,
cases containing eight frames of capped brood,
well covered with bees. These are just right to
build up colonies. ^, , o- u

Per frame, 9iic. each. Three frames, Sdc. each.
Kisrht frames, 75c. each. Sixteen frames, (Oc.
each Untested queens included for $1 .00 extra.
Shipped from this city, safe arrival guaranteed

Catalogue of Bees, Queens and Supplies on
application. ^ ^ STRINGHAM.

2.p5.tf 105 Park Place, N, Y.

PRICES

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knifo.

Patented Kay 20. IST'l.

BIMIHAM

Perfticl Bee - Smokef and Honef Knives,

I'ATENTEI) 1S78, 1882 and 1892.

.31/2 inch Stove, per doz.

.3 •• " " ..

^^^ .' ••

12,00 -Mail, $1.75

11.00-
6 00-
4 75-
3 00-
7.00-

1.50

1 00

70

..50

■ .80

Doctor

C'onqueror . . .

Large

Plain a

Little Wonder .1-M " \\

Honey Knife

BEST ON EARTH.

The throe larger sizes have extra wide shields and double

coiled steel wire handles. Tliese SHIELDS and HANDLES are

23 an AMAZINdl COMFORT-always cool and clean. The Plain

Wonder have narrow shields and wire handles .Ml Bingham Smokers for 1895 have all the

.vements, viz : Direct Draft, Bent Cap, Wire Handles. Inverted Bellows, and are ABSO-

PERFECT. All genuine Bingham Knives and Bee-Smokers are stamped with date of

and Littlr
now impn
LUTELY
patent Circulars sent free
2 95 tf

T. F. BINGHAM, Abronia, Michigan.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

81

w

SALZEFVS Dh.h^^.

NORTHERN GROWN >0

h 'ifflTmv-fflm^imffijjf?^

When you plant potatoes, you want to crop, not sparina;!} l)iif bountifully. Tlt:it is
eternally ri«;lu. You cannot get big potato yields from poor seed, but when you plant
Salter's I'edisrce Potatoes, potatoes brimful of new blood, new life, iietvvigor and tre-
mendous yielding qualities, you can count on cropping enormously every time.

The Editor of the K iiral New Yorker gives to one of our early sorts, which he tested,
a yield of 74'i bushels per acre, and our catalogue names scores of farmers who report
yields from 100 to I ,'^00 per acre. One farmer sold a l«md from one of Salzer's early
potato sorts forty days from the day of planting, at $1.60 per bushel. That pays.
)Si;{00 FOR A NEW NA3IF:.
That is what we pay for a suitable name for our new Oats, from which over
500 farmers who tested it in 1S94, claim 200 bushels can be grown per acre.

fiRASS'^S AND CLOVERS FOR MEADOWS.
Tiiii'.'iest growers in the world of Grass and Clover
Seeds, (hits, \V heat. Barley, Corn, etc.— all dirt cheap!
VEGETABLES.
This is another of our specialties, especially splen-
did varieties of cabbage, peas, tomatoes, corn, radish
and onions. AVe are the larg«>stgrow«'rs of onion seed,
hence our \o\v prices. If you want early vegetables,
10 to 'todays ahead of your neighbors, plnnt Salzer's
Seeds! .'{5 pkgs. Early Vegetable Novelties, postpaid,
81. Special wholesale prices to 3Iarket Gardeners.
Send '^c. for same.

Now, then, for 1895, we will mail upon receipt of:
5e. postage, our ]>ramnioth Seed & I'lant Catalogue.
6c. " " catalog &, pkg ] 4 Day Radish Seed.

10c. " " " " Si:JOO Prize Name Oats.

13c. " " " " Prize Danvers Onion Seed

JOHNA.SALZERSEE0G^bCROSSEw's

'm

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our

Combined Circular and

Scroll Haw, which is the

best machine made for

Bee Keepers' use in the

construction of their hives,

.^ sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOB CATALOGUE, PKIOKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO , 38-4 fluby St , Rovkford, Ills.

420 Lbs Jiyera^e.

420 lbs. average is what my bees gave tliat 1
moved to tlio mangrove ; those at home, 'AOO lbs.
each.

Five-Banded Bees

too. Queens bred for hiiBiiicss frcmi tliis stock
will be sent oat in seascm of '9.5 for $1.()0 each
until May, per dozen, ft^.OO. Circular free.

J. B. CASE,

12-lil-tf. I'ort Orange, Fla.

Please mention the Reuiew

82

THE BEE-KEEPERS' JttEVIEW.

ON HAND NOW, SENT FREE,

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

194-12t. RIVER FALLS, WIS.

WE have a Jarge stock of SECTIONS nciw
ready, both No. 1 autJ No. 2. Write fur special
l>rices (in winter orders in large or Hiiiall lots,
including all other Supplies. Also Berry Crates
and Baskets made up or In flat.
Address BP^RLIN FRUIT BOX CO..

3-9.5-6t Berlin Heights, ().

Rubber Printing Stamps

four friend E. E. Hasty has someiv.'at to
advertise—

To wit, some very sincere religious reading.
But if you are a member of a sect it will
very possibly make you angry. Try it
nevertheless.

I am interested in bees, as you know, but
very much more interested in this Will those
who have read my apicultural writing in the
Review, possibly with pleasure, do me the favor
and the courtesy to listen to niein this more im-
portant matter? Send a stamp to pay return
postage, if you feel generously inclined -but the
tracts will come if you omit that part of it.

.Please send your name and address to
E. E. HASTY.
2-9.1 .3t Richards, Lwoas Co., Ohio.

Solid rubber type, self- inking pads, dating
stamps, supplies, etc., for beekeepers. Send
for catalogue and samples of work.

C. W. BERCAW,
2-95-6t Fostoria, Ohio.

t\y New Process

OF /^\AKIWG

Foundation

IM5URE5

Soft Sicle-Wzills,

An<l Re<luces tb? Cojt of
/Manufacture conjitlerably.

Samples and prices free.

W. J. FIMCH, Jr.,

Sprirjgfi^Hf Illinois. 3.9.').6t

'Xnn <'<>1-0\IES OF BEES iltalian) in 8-
^\J\J I'ranie dovetailed hives, for sale. Also
a full line of firstcl.\ss Apiarian Supplies
(new and fresh) at living prices. Satisfaction
guarantee'^ . Send for catalogue. -Vddress
E. T. FLANAGAN,
3.95 3t Box 783, Belleville, 111.

Are usually sold for $2.00. I will explain
why I wish to sell a few at less than that.
As most of my readers know, I re-queen
my apiary each spring with young queens
from the South. This is done to do away with swarming. If done early enough it .2
usually successful. It will bo seen that the queens displaced by these young queens
are never more than a year old ; in fact, they are flue, tested, Italian queens, KIGHt i.v
THEIB pniMR ; yet, in order that they may move oil quickly, and thus make room for
the untested queens, they will be sold for only ONE DOLLARi Or I will send
the Review for 189.5 and one of these queens for only $1.75. For S2.00 I will send the
Review, the queen and the book " Advanced Bee Culture." If any prefer the young,
laying queens from the South, they can have them instead of the tested queens, at
the same price. A discount on largo orders for untested queens. Say how many .are
wanted, and a price will be made. Orders can be filled as soon as it is warm enough
to handle bees and ship queens with safety.

I

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

1

J I IE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

83

if yoa aie not using the

New Heddon Hive

It may seem incredible tliat it would enable yon
to obtain the same results with considerable less
labor and much more comfort than with other
stylos of liives, but a fair and impartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as set forth in my circu-
lar, will show tliat this statinuent is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for tlie asking.
ll-OT-tf A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

Pleas" mention *he Review.

OH, FOR CANADA.

For 1S95 I will handle the G. B. Lewis Co.,
SNOW WHITE SECTIONS -the best in the
WOTld. Samples free. I will make Dovetailed
Hives of the finest lumber. I shall also rear and
sell Five-Banded Queens. Last year I sold 1,887,
and only two were lost in the mail. Send for my
new circular and price list that will be out Jan-
uary 1st. N. H. SMITH,

Tilbury Center. Ont., Canada.

11 M-tf. Lock Box A.

Pleasi' Kienlion the Reuieui.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOS. 1894.

Before you purchase, look to year interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BROWN,
l-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia.

Please mention the Reuleui.

HATuH UHICKENS with the MOUEL

Excelsior Incubator.

SimpU, Perfect. Self-Regn-
lating. Thousands in success-
ful operation. Guaranteed to
hatch a larger percentage of
fertile eggi at less cost thau
any other Hatoher. Lowest
priced flrst-class Hatcher

_ made. GEO. H. gTAHI>.

nias. Catalogue. ^ 114tol82 8.6thSt., qn ncy,I11.

Please mention the Review.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N. Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

Please mention the Review.

THE STRATTON

"Harp" and "Manhattan" Guitar.

Warranted not to Crack. lYo Guitars sold
at retail. Dealers please send for Illustrated
Catalogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON A, SON,

*^3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK.

Your Hop^y T^arK^t.

IP NOT SUPPLIED, send eight cents for
samples and prices of the finest honey in the
world, gathered from alfalfa and clover. Very
cheap. Address

OLIVER FOSTER.

11-94-tf. Las Animas, Colo.

Q Q

Tbe Choicest

or TESTED QUEENS,

By return mail, $1.00 each. These Queens were
reared in the fall of "94 for our early spring
trad^, from best imported stock, and are guar-
anteed to give satisfaction in every particular.

J, W. K. SHAW & CO.,
2-95-tf Loreauville, Iberia Parish, La.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on
The

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

i 1^ i

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. pOI^r*CROOK & CO.

Jan. Ist, 1894.

Watertown, Wis.

the Revieui,

E. KRETGHMER, Red Oak, Iowa,

Sends free his Catalogue of 72 illustrated pages ;
describes EVERYTH1N(4 USED IN THE API-
ARY ; Best Goods at Lowest Prices. Deliv-
ered to your railroad at eitlicr Chicago ; 'St. Louis T Atchison, Kans. ; St. Paul. Minn.; Des Moines,
Iowa; Cedar Rapids, Iowa; and other places. Capacity one car load a day. Write at once for hiS
Catalogue. 2-95-t6

84

THE BEE-KEEPEBS' JiKVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot liave been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTEOTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HamJItOll, IliS. ^^

•^1 ^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Revie ■ . ^^^^^^« [?^

i

Ulustraied Alvertlseients Attract Attention.

cuts Furnlsned for all illustrating Purpses.

Please mention the Reuie

^^^^ v/ Queens rank with the best in

glf\ f the world. I roar none ex-

■ I ■ '"'P^ ^^^ ^^^*' Italians bred for

III business, beauty and all good

III qualities. I strive to excel, and

I J[ I liiive shipped to every State and

I I to foreign countries, and if I have

M \ '^ dissatisfied customer, I don't

r A know it. A large number of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and

5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 band, $:i<iO. Untested,

$1.00. Reference, A.I. Koot. W. H. LAWS,

2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

Plense mention the Review.

THE WAR 15 OM.

But the "GOLDEN" ITALIAN will gain the
virtory, and as early as first-class queens can
be reared by the best raethocis known, I will fill
orders i)rt)uiptl.v with selected queens reared
from th'» best straight fiv<i-banded breeders that
can be bought, and warrant every one sold, for
$1.00. or six for $5.00

Every queen in my apiary is yellow to the tip,
and the mothers of the drones wore selected last
season witli care as to all desirable (juaiities.

Correspondence solicited.

2-95-tf

W. H. PRIDGEN,

CREEK, N. C.

'^lease mention the ^puiew.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, .\ocu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 9r).12t Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention the Reuiew.

Largest Factory in the West.

COMPLETE STOCK.
Good Supplies and Low Prices, Our Motto
We are here to serve you and will if you give us a chance. Catalogue Free. Adderss,
LEAHY A\ft/HUPACTURIVSG CO., Hi^^iosvill*, t\0.

APRIL, 1895.

86

I ME BEJE'KEEPERS' REVIEW.

RDVEHTISING f^flTES.

All advertiseuients will be inserted at the rate
t>f 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 8 times, 5 per cent ; 6
ti mes, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
•40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; (5
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Liist.

1 will send the Review with—

<Tleanings, ($1.001

American Bee Journal ( l.Od)

('anadiau Bee Journal .. ( 1.00)

American Bee Kt-epor . { ..")0) . .
Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)... .
Apiciilturist ( .75)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. l.iO.
. 1.30.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading liouey were
adopted by the NoTth American Bee • Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, ouutations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— Ml sections to be well tilled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb uusoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at tlie bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, thor" "ill be " fancy white,"
" No. 1 dark,'' etc.

ALBANY, N, Y.— D^mjuid for comb honey
slow. Extracted honey is in butter demand.
We (inoteas follows t Fancy white, 12 to 13; No.
1 white. 11 to 12; fancy amber. 9 to 10; No. 1
amber. 8 to 9; fancy dark, 9 to in ; No. 1 dark,
« to 9: white, extracted, 0}^ to ? ; amber, ex-
tracted. 6 to 6J^ ; dark, extracted, 5 to 5^. Bees-
wax, 27 to 30.

H. K WRIGHT.
March 5. (\n\ Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.-We quote as foUows :
No. 1 white, 14 to 15; No. 1 amber, 12 to 13; No.
1 dark, lO; white, extracted, 6; amber, extracted,
5>i ; dark, extracted, 4W Beeswax, 25.

C.C. CLEMONS CO.,

March 6. .521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

NEW YORK N. Y'.— We are gradually working
down our stock of comb honey and the indica-
tions are that we shall succeed in disposing of
all of the white honey and possibly all of the dark
during the next two months. Demand for ex-
tracted is fair for choice stock while olf grades
are neglected. We quote as follows : Fancy
white. 12; fancy amber, 11; fancy dark 9; No.
1 dark, S; white, extracted, 6; dark, exracted,
5 to 5'/j. Beeswax, 30 to 81.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
March 6 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

CHICAGO, III.— Market is cleaning up on all
the choice lines of comb, but daik grades can't
be moved at satisfactory prices We quote as
follows : Fancy white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1 white, 13 ;
fancy amber, 10; No. 1 amber, 9; fancy dark, 8;
No. 1 dark, 7 to 8; white, extracted, 6 to 7
amber, extracted, 5 to 6. Beeswax, 28 to 30.
R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

March 5. 163 So. Water St., t.'hicago. 111.

MINNEAPOLIS, lVIinn.,-The supply of honey
in this market is small, and the prospects are
that it will soon be cleaned up and prices go
higher. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 15 ;
No. 1 white, 14; No. 1 amber, 12'.^ to 13; fancy
dark, 12 ; white extracted, 8 ; amber, 6.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave, North, Minneapolis, Minn.

March 6.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— Fancy and No. 1 white are
cleaning up satisfactorily. Odd lots move slow-
ly. Buckwheat honey is very dull and extracted
is slow. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 13
tfi 14; No. 1 white, 11 to 12 ; fancy dark. 8 to 9;
No. 1 dark, 7 to S ; white, extracted, 5 to 6 ; dark,
extracted, 4 to 5. Be6swax, 25 to 30.

BATTERSON Kl CO .

Marcii 5. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y.

UNTESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS.

1 will be ready to mail Untested Queens, from
five banded stock yellow to the tip, vigorous
and easy to handle, at 75 cents each, three for
$2.00, six for $4.00, per doz. $7 ,50 ; free from dis-
ease.

W'. A. COMPTON.

4 95-lt Lynnville, Teun.

BEESWAX,

We will guarantee to get 28 cents for all the
Beeswax of a light color, sliipped us in April,
1895.

J. A. LAMON,

4-9.5-lt 4a So. Water St.. Chicago.

Jepijic Atcbley

Wishes to inform the readers of the Review
that she is now headouarters in the South for
Queens and Bees. Untested queens, till June
Ist, $1.00 each ; $5.00 for six, or $9.00 per dozen.
Tested, S-bands, $1.5"; 5-baud8, $2 50; Carnio-
lans, $2 OO. Untested of either race, same price.
Safe arrival guaranteed.

JENNIE ATCHLEY,
3.95 6t Beeville, Texas

I'Hh' BEti-KhJEFERS REVIEW.

87

S
'©)

m

AFTER YOUf? BEES

Have passed the rig"ors of winter, then comes sprinj^-
with its mixture of balmy days and storms, its few short
honey - Hows interspersed with rain, frost and mayhap an
occasional snow storm. How best to brinjr the bees
throug-h this trying- period in such a manner that, not-
withstanding" adverse weather, they will g-ain steadily
in numbers and be ready to g-o forth as an army to
g-ather in the spoils when the main harvest comes, is
taug^ht in one of the opening- chapters of "Advanced
Bee Culture."

Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

-If you are going to

BUY A BUZZ-SAW, uutii's;::

write to the editor of the Kevikw. He lias a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

Headquarters

For those large, beautiful, golden Italians, the
great honey gatherers. One outci^'ed rueen, H)c .
three for $2.00. Ono warrrinte.l. $ .00'; tliree for
12.50. One tested, ff 1. 5U, One felect tested, S2.00.
Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

C. M. HICKS,
0^06 tf Hicksvillo, Wash. Co., Md.

EY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION

Id-Blast Smokers

S^uzire Glziss Hopey J^.rs, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to (;h.\s. F. Muth & Son

Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.

Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

1-94-tf. rienx^ Nl ntion f-e f'liie'i.

EE SUPPLIEsi

, Send for free copy of ILLUSTRATED
'CATAL,OGTJE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G. JCewman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chicano.

LISTEN HERE! 180-Page Bee-Book FREE

To every New Subnoriber sending $1.00 for the Weekly Aiiierieaii Oee Journal for a
year. (The book is " Be s and Honey " by Thos. G. Newrnam Besides articles from the best
bee-keepers, the Bee Journal now h is 6 Department Eduors — Mrs. Jennie Atchley in 'The
Sunny Southland;" " (.'anadiiin Beedom " by " Bee-Masier:" •"Questions and Answers" by Dr.
O. C Miller; " Notes and Commentr," KxPres. E. T. Abbott; "Doctor's Hints" ou good healih,
by Dr. Pelro; and '• Among the Hoe-Papers" by "Gleaner," who gleans the be.»>t from all the
bee-papers each week. Spaee forbids t°lling more. Better send tor Pree Sample <'o|)>', or
11.00 as per above otTer. ^^ 20-€ent Trial Tripi:? months or I'i wks.) to Nt-w snii-ci i hers.
Address. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago. III.

88

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

1 CAPABLE • BELI4BLE • PBOMPT • EXCELLENT • CHEAP. |

ilBilSBHBBBBFii5RBHBIBBBBFjERP.RP.BBpREEEP-r.RRB»5P!Rir,KFPEP.EBBRBFjB

THERE are plenty more adjocaives ihat
might be used, but the above are suf-
ficient.

Twenty years of experience, the largest fac-
tory of its kind filled with the most improved
machinery for the mauufacturo of HIVES,
SECTIONS. SUPERS, SHIPPING-
CASES. HONEY - BOARDS. ETC..
ETC., nearness to the pine forests or Wis,,
and an abundance of capital, indicate some-
thing of our capability.

We have customers in almost every town,
and inquiry of any of these will show our re-
sponsibility and methods of doing business;
or reference can be made to any of the (^.^m-
mercial Agencies, to the Watertown banks, or
the North Western National Bank of Chicago.
Our large stock of lumber and o finished
goods, and our extensive manufacturing and
shipping facilities enable us to till orders
promptly. 3-95-4t

3e

ae
iae

3&
3E
3E

ae
as

3£
3B1

aH

SB

an
mm
mm
gE
ae
aH
ae
aE
ac

SB

aE

ae
aE
aE

Our hives are made of soft, white pine, judg-
ment being used in cutting so as not to leave
large knots or defective places, thus giving an
excellent h.ve at a low price. Quality consid-
ered, you can scarcely buy in your home lumber
yard such material in tho roufjli, at the cost of
hives bought of us and laid down at your door.
Our sections are of the whitest, winter -sawn
basswood, carefully sorted and accurately
manufactured

The advantages already mentioned, combin-
ed with the fact that we do a strictly cash bus-
iness, thus losing no bad debts, enable us toj
furnish goods cheaper than they can be se-
cured elsewhere when quality is considered.

Hives and sections are shipped in a Parksj
patent basket box which makes a neat. stron|
and extremely light package, thus savini
freight, while the box is worth from 25 to
cents after the goods are removed.
Send for descriptive price list.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

LOOK! SEE!! SEE!! Golden Italian Queens

C D DUV\LL is in Florida breeding early
queens from his original FiVE-BANDED STRAIN
of Italians which has given sucli general satis-
faction as

COMB HONEY PRODUCERS.

And can furnish Untested Queens in any quan-
tity from March 'st to April 15th. at fl.dO each ;
six for $5.00 Write for prices on large lots and
" special " circular . .

Dealers supplied at low rates. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Address _^„_, « , -

C. D. DUVALIj.
(After Apr. 15 and for | i Bef or.) Apr. i.). )

supplies) I SAN M.\TEO, FLA.

SPENCERVILLE, MD. 2.95-tf

h+

One untested queen before June 1st

One "\ I a^tfr

Six " " , ,'

One tested before

One •' after

Six " "

One selected te«ted for breeding, $;^.fH).

$1.
5-00
.75
4.20
1..5II
7..5()
1 (10
5.00

W. H. WHITE,

2-95.tf Deport, Lamar Co. Texas.

Plense meniic.n tin li'uiew

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur
Bee-Keeper, a70 page book by Prof. .7. W. Rouse.
Price 25c., by mail 2-'c. The little book and the
Progressive Bee-Keeper {a live i.rogressive 28
page monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO Hiqgmsville. Mo.

12-93-12t.

RITES ME

BEFORE i'.b-YlNG QUEE^IS. ;uvl tret prices
on my

O-olcierL Q-ueens,

Ri-p.l for liisino^s, beauty anil goiitlene.-s.
J. U. GIVENS,

4.9."i.6t

A. I. Root's Goods, at their
prices near home. We can save
you Freight. Order early and
secure discounts. ,S2 page Cata-^
log, free.

JOHN NEBEL&SON,
2-9.5tf High Hill, Mo.

Pluase mention ('it- Reuieui.

Box 3, Lisbon, Tex is.
THE STIi r;TTOM
GUITARS.'' MANDOLINES

ARE HAttOLED Sr ALL THE LEADING MuSiC STORES
3nH asri Sirdaeye Maple iviahoganv and Rosewooo.

JOHN F STRATTON & SOUB;

MBOUfBClurtrsUI and Wboie^aH* Dealers Id dll klSO* o.

Musical Merdiandlse.

i3s «S Walltei St.. ME<* rOSA.

Please mention the Reuiew.

iHt, tit:K KEEl'l'l:

ii<:w

89

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

TliiH cut reprosoulk oiii
('iiinbined ('ircaliir atnl
Scroll yiiw. wliifli i- ili^-
best iiiachirif* ni.uli' fm
Beo KpeptTs' umc In tin-
coaetruction uf their liivos,
^^, sections, boxes, etc.

3-94- '6i

MACHINES SENT ON THIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,

Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St . Rockford, Ills.

420 Lbs Average.

420 lbs. average is what my bees gave that!
moved to the mangrove ; those at homo, 3flO lbs.
each.

Five-Banded Bees

too. Queens bred for business from this stock
will be sent oat in seastm of '9.5 for $1.00 each
until May. per dozen, $S.OO. Circular free.

12-94-tf.

J. B. CASE,

Port Orange, Fla.

Hopey Queeps, Ready to Mail.

Five and three-bandt d, and in t-eperate yards,
and only from seleniod stock, gathering the
inos honey and capping it the whitest, and the
least inclined to sw-irm. My -i-bai ders aie pure
Italians and not ("yprian en ss's I have no
foul brood iifir bee paralvsi-:. \V.irranted(iueens,
8l.(K)e.nch. 4for ga.iJO. Tested ?l.-J.i each. Safe
arrival guaranteed

J. H. GOOD.
iSTj-tf Nappanee, Ind.

Please mention the Reulew.

— If yon wisli the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER,

\Vi i:e t'l ilip cditi'i .if the Hkvikw. He has an
O.lcll. taken in [) lyment for adverlising, and he
wi'uh! b- pletscd to send descriptive circulars
or lo corre.spoud with any one tliinking of biiy-
\i\tr sncli a machine.

Untested Italian Queens are now ready to
mail. Price, $1.00 each; six for f.5,()0; twelve
for $9.00.

T. R. CANADY.

:J.94 6t Fallbrof.k. Calif.

CANADIANS,

Drop me a card for my Seventh Annual Circular.
1 manufacturi' the best Foundation, Smokers,
Sections, Hives. Etc., in the country; so say
many of iny onstomers. Address

W. A. CHRYSLER,
:i 9r> tf Box 4.W, Chatham, Ont.

B

EE SUPPLIES

Sendforfreecopvof ILI^t:STR.lTEI>
'CATALOGUE— describing evei vthiriii
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. aIIiIic-s
'1'. li. Nfv%'iiiiin, 147 So.Wi-Mtei II y\ ve t'liii :kji>.

90

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

OUR 1895 CATALOG

Is now out with a new cover and an eleg-ant engraved front -cover
desig"n. It has been entirely re-arrang-ed, larg-ely re-written, and,
besides a lot of new eng^raving-s, is packed full of useful information
on bees, so that it is now more than ever a unique

TEXT BOOK ON BEES, * e q
^ ^ e FREE FOR THE ASKING.

The assortment of supplies has been carefully selected, so that
now we offer only what are the latest and most practicable and use-
ful appliances — all the "old styles" being- eliminated. Our new
machinery and g-eneral enlarg-ements enable us to make the most and
best g-oods we ever turned out. Send your name on a postal, and
find out all about what we are doing.

The A. I. ROOT Co., Medina, Ohio.

SOUTHERN HOME mi^'^,

Where you can buy queens as s'X'Jhs the best,
either from an imported or a Golden Italian
mother; guaranteed to be free fion\ paralysis,
at 75 cents each, 6, $4 00; 12, $7.50. Tested, $1.00
each : 6, $5.i 0 ; 12, $9.00. .\fter .June Ist. 50 cents
each for untested ; 6, $2.50; 12, $4.00. Tested, 75
cents each ; t), $4.00 ; 12. $7.50. Good breeders
$2.00 each. Straight five banded or " faultless "
queens, $2.50 each. Bees by the pound, 75 cents
a pound. All our golden, tested que-^ns produce
five-banded workers. Satisfaction guaranteed
Descriptive circular free. Address

HLlFSTEULER BROS..
l-95-9t. ("larksville, Texas.

ThG • Aspinwall • Hive.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB mimm

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat Bottom FooiKlalioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,

(SOLE MANUFACTURERS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. CcN'Y

HIease mention the Heuiew

R-I'F'A-N-S

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

The Hive for Bees.

The Hive for Bee -Keepers.

Send for illustrated circular

ASPINWALL MANUFACTURING CO..
2 95-3t. .Jackson, Mich.

POTATO CRATES and Bee Hives
..ri? my SfOCialtiL-s. i rioe list free, a idress

1-95-12.

,J. M. KINZIE,
Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

J be (§ee-Keepeps' JAeviecu'

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tlqe Iqterests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR,
W. Z. HUTCHISON, Editor and Proprietor,

VOL VIN, FLINT, MICHIGAN., APRIL, 10. 1895. NO. 4.

Work at IVticliigaii's

Experimental

^piarv.

B. L. TAYIiOK, APIABIST.
WINTER EXPERIMENTS.

I N order to as-
1 sist in a thor-
ough under-
standing of the
ex peri ments
which have been
undertaken dur-
ing the present
winter, I here
give first a de-
scription of the
cellar used for
holding the bees
during the winter months. I have a honey-
house and shop thirty feet square, under the
whole of which is a cellar in earth which is
called clay loam. This cellar is flanked on
the west by a barn cellar from which it is
separated by a stone wall laid in mortar the
same as the wall which incloses it on the
other side and is protected overhead by a
floor and a ceiling partially filled in between
with sawdust. The north half of this is con-
verted into a receptacle for the bees by the
erection of a double wall packed with saw-
dust midway east and west so as to cut it off
completely from the south half.

Upon the outside the cellar is banked up
to the sill with earth except where there is a
window on the north side and an outside
door at the north-east corner. This door
opens out directly into the apiary.

This protection upon the south and west
from the cold south-west winds of winter
and from the sun of early spring, gives the
cellar a temperature of remarkable even-
ness. This temperature is little affected by
outside influences, being controlled princi-
pally by the number of colonies which the
cellar contains at any given time. When it
contained about two hundred and forty col-
onies, the greatest number wintered in it at
one time, with protection given to the out-
side door by a packing of leaves, the tem-
perature remained throughout the winter at
about 50° with but little variation > ; during
the past winter it has contained about one
hundred and fifty colonies and the temper-
ature has remained most of the time at from
43° to 4,5°. During times of comparative
high temperature outside when the temper-
ature of the cellar was inclined to rise, the
outside door was placed ajar during the
night and on several occasions, in conse-
quence of this, the temperature in the morn-
ing was found even below 40°, but in the
course of two or three days the normal tem-
perature would be again reached. Whether
this occasional admission of an abundance
of cooler fresh air was beneficial or detri-
mental, I cannot say, but to all appearance
it exerted a salutary influence on the bees as

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVliu\-y

shown by their greatly strengthened dispo-
sition to remain quiet.

Across the west end of the cellar is a cis-
tern live feet wide in the clear and generally
containing a greater or less quantity of
water. This no doubt serves in some meas-
ure to preserve evenness of temperature, but
whether it is of any further advantage I am
notable to determine. Ventilation, so far as
the exit of air is concerned, is well provided
for by a chimney built from the bottom of
the cellar with two openings into the cellar,
one near the bottom and the other near the
ceiling. There is also a drain which serves
both to carry off the overflow of the cistern
as well as for sub-earth ventilation when it
is not closed by snow and ice at the lower
end, which owing to my lack of faith in the
virtue of ventilation is sometimes the case.

By many the condition of a cellar intended
for bees as to moisture is considered a mat-
ter of the greatest importance. I have
therefore taken considerable pains to deter-
mine the condition of the one under consid-
eration in this respect. None of the earth
composing the bottom of the cellar which is
in its natural state is ever in that condition
which would ordinarily be called dry ; beads
of water have stood continually, or nearly
so, upon the stone wall and often upon the
door and upon the lower edges of some of
the tightly covered hives although the bot-
toms of the hives are entirely removed ; the
door is considerably swollen and the ceiling
is always firmly closed up. An open vessel
of water standing in the cellar shows very
little if any indication of evaporation.
These items will serve as aids in making
comparisons with other cellars where no
more scientific means are at hand, but I
have in addition made use of a Mason
hygrometer by which a high degree of satura-
tion is shown, generally somewhat more
than ninety per cent.

Such was the cellar. Into it were placed
on the 22nd and 2:Jrd of. November, 1894,
about one hundred and fifty colonies of bees
in hives of which a small portion were eight-
frame Langstroth and the others the double
story Heddon. All the colonies had an
abundance of food for winter and were of
fair numerical strength.

As to the best time of fall for placing the
bees in the cellar, it may be said that it can-
not with certainty be affirmed that any part
of the month of November is better than any
other part of it, yet the inclination is rather

to the earlier part of the month. The char
acter of the weather to be chosen for moving
the bees into the cellar is of some impor-
tance. Contrary to what might be expected,
a cold, sharp, freezing day, is not desirable.
At such a time the touching of the hive is
much more effective in arousing the bees
than when it is mild and they are conse-
quently excitable and quick to take wing.
Select if possible a cloudy day when the air
is quite moist and at a temperature of about
45°. With such conditions and reasonable
care from only an occasional hive will a bee
take wing, even if carried in with the bottom
boards left off. Now and then there will be
a hive in which the cluster of bees extends
down so as to touch the bottom board to a
greater or less extent, and in such case if the
bottom board is to be removed, one end of
the hive may be raised from where it stands
in the yard sufficiently so that in reforming
the cluster the bees will draw away entirely
from it. The hive can then be moved with-
out further difficulty.

The course I prefer to pursue in putting
the bees into the cellar for the winter is as
follows : First place an empty hive or its
equivalent on the cellar bottom where it is
desired to place the colonies to be first car-
ried in and place two sticks about an inch
square across it to receive the first hive con-
taining bees, then go to the apiary and, see-
ing first that the hive is loose from its bot-
tom board, lift it carefully (leaving the bot-
tom board ) until the back of the hive rests
against the abdomen, then walk smartly
without jarring, to the cellar and put it upon
the place already prepared for it. Then put
two sticks across the top of this hive and an-
other colony on them and repeat as often as
desired or until the ceiling forbids. 1 select
the strongest colonies to put at the bottom
as this is the most trying position, and put
five colonies in a column. By pursuing the
course indicated each column of hives is
quite independent of all the others so that if
a hive is disturbed by accident or otherwise,
only the bees in the same column are dis
turbed, whereas if the hives are piled up on
long stringers or otherwise in long piles, the
disturbance of one is the disturbance of the
whole pile. This point is of much impor-
tance if it is desired either to carry the bees
in or out with little commotion among them.

In addition to the general experiment al-
ready indicated several others were made.
And first a very careful effort was made to

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

U3

determiue the exact ainoniit of stores con-
sumed by good colonies, under the con-
ditions already indicated, duringthei period
of confinemeut.

Secondly, free upward ventilation was
given to a considerable nunilier of colonies
to determine whether under cellar conditions
it would prove a benefit or the contrary.
And, lastly, to get some light, if possible, on
the theory held by some eminent bee-keepers
that moisture is the cause of the dysenteric
disease which is the source of most of the
bee-keeper's wintering troubles, five col-
onies in a single column were placed near
the wet stone wall in the cellar already de-
scribed and completely enveloped in a cotton
slieet, the top edge of which was brought to-
gether and inserted in a vessel already placed
on the top of the upper hive. The sheet
hung around the pile of hives so as to be just
free from them and the vessel was tilled with
water which was daily replenished. The ef-
fect on the sheet was that it was continually
complely saturated with water. It was sup-
posed that the moist condition of the air of
the cellar with the moisture arising from the
inclosed bees would render the air inclosed
by the sheet as nearly saturated as it could
be conveniently made in such a place.

The results of these experiments is next to
be considered.

Lapeeh, Mich. March 2(5, IW*."").

^i^^^r^p^'i

Nature has Developed in Bees the Most
Desirable Characteristics.— Bright Yel-
low Bees Not an Improvement.

a. TATLOK.

- p.

1

>

i

rvX- PRESIDENT

.\bbott said re-
cently that in going
into the comb honey
business the first
thing to do was to
get some bees. Yes,
bees do play an im-
portant part in
honey production,
and, come to think
of it, there is no
practical substitute

for them, hence they are of great importance

to the apiarist.

Golden Italians, leather colored Italians,
five-banded Italians, three-bauded Italians,
gray Carniolans, golden Carniolans, Cypri-
ans, Holy Lands, (xerman brown bees and
native black bees. Surely from this ample
list every bee-keeper may have his choice.
Which had we better chose ? Let me say at
the start that I have had a thorough person-
al practical experience with but two vari-
eties of bees, native blacks and Italians. I
used several Italian queens in early times
when they were catalogued at $10.00 each.
That was thirty years ago, and I have culti-
vated and used these Italians through all the
intervening years, and think I can justly
claim a fair acquaintance with them.

One of the things I have learned to a cer-
tainty is that they are like different children
in the same family. Ditt'er greatly in their
capacity or disposition to accomplish effect-
ive work.

Some fifteen years ago I paid a visit to a
neighboring bee-keeper (Mr. John Car-
negie) and he had bought one of brother A.
I. Root's best breeding queens and was
anxious to show his fine stock. We opened
a hive in which there was a young daughter
of his late purchase. We found her and she
was truly beautiful.

" What will you take, Mr. Carnegie, for
this queen ?"

" Three dollars."

" Here is your money ; cage her."

I introduced her safely to a strong colony,
and this was the most profitable purchase I
ever made in the line of bees. She lived
four years and during all this time I en-
couraged her colony to swarm naturally as
often as possible, and then used in other col-
onies all the cells started, and the improve-
ment in my bees was very much greater
than I had ever experienced before or since.
Each fall the colony containing this old
queen not only gave much surplus but the
hive was crammed with winter stores. This
was my greatest success with Italians and
was before I had heard much said about the
"greatly improved strains." Of these im-
proved strains I have since bought dozens of
queens, but never had one come anything
near to the one first named, and I would
now give $10 for one like her. Some of
her daughters were quite her equal, but I
had no means of breeding them pare and the
strain was in time bred out.

This experience led me to know that there
is great difference in Italian bees. But I

94

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

have also learned that there is just as great
a difference in the native black race, and I
have had as good results from single colonies
of blacks as from Italians, indeed the great-
est yield of comb honey from a single col-
ony in one season (265 lbs.) was made by a
colony of low hybrids, and the greatest yield
from a whole yard (147 lbs. spring count)
was made entirely by blacks and low grade
hybrids. This last season (1894) I ran an
out-yard of twenty colonies spring count,
twelve miles from the home yard. These
bees were pure blacks. They increased by
natural swarming to forty-three colonies and
gave the largest yield of surplus honey re-
ported in this section last season (100 lbs.
per colony spring count. ) A j ard of 100 col-
onies of finest bred Italians that I ever
owned, twelve miles from here, gave no sur-
plus.

From these experiences I have learned
that there is less difference between Italians
and blacks than some would have us believe
and that real success in producing honey
lies mostly in other things than kind of bees ;
the two main factors being tirst, nectar in
the flowers, and second, alive, intelligent, en-
terprising bee-keeper who is willing to get
up at three o'clock in the morning and work
until eight in the evening.

Now friends after all this good showing
for blacks, I am sti)l very emphatically in
favor of the nice, gentle, beautiful Italians,
for several reasons. One is that they are
much better behaved when hives are opened
and brood combs handled. The habit that
blacks have of wildly rushing out of the hive
when opened is to me most provoking, and
the nice Italians help me to control my tem-
per and make it easy to be good. Besides
this, each fall when I commence to examine
tlTe bees and prepare them for winter and I
find many little, weak, light colonies, four
times in five they are black bees ; and the
same is true in the spring. Most of the lit-
tle pauper colonies that nearly every bee-
keeper fools away his time With by trying to
feed and build up are blacks, and I want as
few such swarms to waste my time with as
possible ; yet I expect to always keep some
black bees in my yard.

I have in times past been in the habit of
buying some colonies of blacks of neighbor-
ing bee-keepers, and I expect to continue
this practice. The reason for this will be
explained when I tell you the best way to cul-
tivate bees and keep the stock improving, or

at least from degenerating, for I am not cer-
tain we can improve and change the nature
and character of bees as can be done with
horses, cattle, sheep, poultry and such. I
know that those that offer what they are
pleased to call improved strains of bees quote
the improvement that has been made in the
animals, but to my mind the cases are not
similar. In domesticated animals there are
various directions in which alteration is not
only desirable but possible. For instance,
there was a motive to change the lean wild
cattle in the direction of larger size and bet-
ter proportion for beef. Nearly all kinds of
animals in a natural state have to hustle for
their living. They have to exercise a great
deal to get enough feed to sustain life and
this tended to keep them thin in flesh but
with great vitality and endurance. Now to
change them in the direction of more flesh
it was only necessary to give better feed and
less exercise. Of course careful breeding
was resorted to as a means of fixing this
changed condition and making it permanent,
but all this came at the cost of loss of phys-
ical energy and endurance, the very thing
required in bees.

The same thing is true of other animals
than cattle. As a '"hustler" the Poland
China or Berkshire hog is a poor stick, as
compared with his wild progenitor, and a
gentleman of great experience with horses
told me that in a race for life a wild Indian
pony would kill the best thorough-bred in a
fifty mile race and then would be good for
the same race nextday. Now bees are want-
ed for a single purpose, roaming the fields
and carrying heavy loads of nectar. There
is no object in cultivating them in the direc-
tion of beef, cheese, sausage, tallow or wool,
in which direction and for which purpose
domestic animals have been improved, but,
as before stated, at the loss of the very qual-
ities needed in bees. Nearly all animals
and living things seem endowed by nature
with only the powers and qualities needed to
search for and appropriate the food required
to sustain life and breed its kind, and for
this end nature has endowed each with a per-
fection to which man can add nothing. The
lion as a hunter is at his best only when wild
in the forests of Africa. The eagle reaches
his highest development only in the free air
and sunshine, and no one expects that any
care in domestic breeding can increase its
powers. Wolves in a wild state are more
than a match, as hunters and fighters, for

iHE BEE-KEh:J^J2.K;:i' RL^viEW.

95

the cultivated members of their family
(dogs). Dogs, it is true, have been greatly
changed in some respects, but not in greater
capacity to meet the requirements of nature.
It may be argued that the chetah, ferret and
others have improved by domestication, but
it must be remembered that these animals
have been used only in line with their nature
as hunters, and no one pretends that these
animals have been imi)roved by man in
hunting cai)acity. The mole in search of
food will force its way through the clay of a
compact road bed, demonstrating a power a
hundred times greater than the most powsr-
ful steam locomotive ever built. What folly
to think of improving their capacity ! Now
bees are used by man exactly as are the
chetah the ferret, falcon and other animals.
We take advantage of tlieir instinct for
storing nectar (their food) and appropriate
their stores to our use, but I hold that bees
are in a perfect condition in a wild state to
pursue their single line of work and that we
have neither need nor power to improve their
capacity.

For the last three years I have been buy-
ing golden and five-banded Italians liberally.
Recently I examined the bees in the cellar
and found four dead colonies and removed
the hives. They were new swarms, and the
hives dry, free from mould, and heavy with
as nice white honey as ever went into a sec-
tion. The wintering place was as pure and
sweet as a good living room. To each of
these hives I successfully introduced a yel-
low or five-banded queen early last fall.
Who can tell what killed them 'i I do not
say that it was the golden bees, but I have
had so many similar cases in the last three
years that I begin to distrust the "improved"
bees, to fear that the Improvement has been
at the cost of the very qualities that bees
should have — vitality and endurance.

Anothei thing, for the last two seasons I
liave had the crossei-t bees I ever knew.
They were not particularly bad when open-
ing hives with smoke, but it was nearly im-
possible to walk in the yard or near it with-
out protection, and I was surprised to find
the yellow Italians the aggressors in most
cases. From what I see iti the bee journals
lately I begin to understand it was a case of
■' improved strain of bees." In looking over
the advertising columns of the bee journals
I find many tempting reasons given for buy-
ing the queens and bees of certain breeders.
(»ne's bees " make three or more hundred

pounds of honey in a season." Another's
" works on red clover." Another has a
"nou-swiirmin;; straiu." All these claims
are misleading, and the only effect they have
on me is to influence me to send no orders
to such parties.

Now friends, I can say positively and truth-
fully that I had in many ways more satisfac-
tory bees ten years ago than now. I shall
continue to buy a few Italian queens each
year and shall give the Carniolans a trial, but
in keeping up my stock I shall resolutely re-
turn to the method I have pursued nearly all
my life and in the next article I will tell you
what that method is.

FoKESTViLLE, Minn. March 4, 1885.

Rearing Queens From the Egg.

CHARLES NOKMAN.

Tj!. S the time for queen rea'iug draws near,
xl it may be of interest to describe a new
way of rearing queens— or has the same been
tried in this country and given up because
another mode seemed to be preferable ?
What I mean is the rearing of queens //-ohj
the egg instead of from the larvae. Mr. Doo-
little, in his "Scientific Queen-Rearing,"
Mr. Alley in his " Thirty Years Among the
Bees," you in your " Advanced Bee-Cul-
ture," and so forth, all keep silent "along
this line," and likewise our dealers in queens
seem, without an exception, to rear queens
from the larva? only ; at any rate not one of
them intimates that he works on any other
plan. So you will allow me to state that
Herr Philipp Keidenbach, a teacher at Reh-
born, is, as he asserts, rearing •' magnifi-'
cent " queens from the egg, and to set before
your readers an extract from a speech on
this subject Mr. K. has given at a bee-keep-
ers' meeting at Heidelberg some time ago.

Firs', referring in i)art to Mr. Gravenhorst,
that excellent German bee-keeper and
writer, he speaks " theory." Queens, he
says, reared under the swarming impulse are
preferable to those reared from worker
larv:e. They come from eggs (aid in queen
cells which tells the bees from the start that
something better than a mere worker bee,
that a young mother, is to be brought up.
The bees take the hint and treat the larvte
from such eggs accordingly, front their very
hatching. The greatest care is bestowed
upon them and the bees incessantly poke
their heads into the cells. From beginning

96

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REv.

to end an abundance of food is given to these
larvee. This food is royal jelly at that,
■which, as Dr. von Planta and Dr. Scheenfeld
have proven, is more concentrated than the
jelly given to the worker larvae, containing
more dry substance, especially more fat.
Queen larva" develop faster and stronger
than worker larvtf from the very moment of
their hatching ; queen larvte which are but a
day old are larger than worker larva^ of the
same age. From all this Mr. K. draws the
conclusion that, in order to get "full-blood"
queens, we must raise them from the egg.

Now he speaks " practice." He declares
that he has reared a good many queens from
the egg. The way he did it, is the follow-
ing : A strong colony (an Italian one, I
should think, as the black bees are more apt
to remove eggs) is made queenless (whether
all the eggs as well as the uncapped brood
were also removed he does not mention, but
he removed them, of course). If eggs were
given to the bees directly, they would de-
stroy them, therefore one has to wait till they
have become quiet, i. e. for two or three
days, (Mr. Doolittle would say ''for three
full days.") At that time they will have con-
structed more or less queen cells (empty
ones) which, if built regularly, may all be
used (he seems not to have used older cups
nor such as had been constructed in other
colonies. ) To remove the eggs laid by his
best queen in worker cells from the latter he
tried many ways till finally he hit upon the
idea to use a pin the point of whicn had been
bent to a blunt angle. Now he takes a piece
of comb with eggs in it (he doesn't speak of
their age, but I should prefer older ones),
cuts the cells off with a sharp knife just over
the eggs, moves the point of the pin under
the egg, lifts the latter slightly from the bot-
tom of the cell, presses the point of the pm
into the deepest place of the queen cell cup
and then withdraws the point backwfud
from underneath the egg, all the time taking
care not to injure the cup.

This is Mr. Keidenbach's method and that
he has raised queens by it has, as far as I
know, not been disputed by his (iermstn col-
leagues. It is other things that may be put
in question. Mr. Doolittle for instance—
and whatever he says deserves of being well
heeded— claims that larvif from eggs laid in
queen cells are, for the first day and a half,
not treated any differently than the larvse in
worker cells and that queens from the latter,
if used when not older than thirty-six hours,

are in no way inferior to queens from the
former. Other authorities however — Dr.
Tinker, Mr. Alley, you, and so forth — select
the very youngest larvte they can get, for
" the younger the better " is what they think
and say.

As I was through queen rearing when Mr.
Keidenbach's report came to hand, I did not
try his plan. All I tried was to lift and
transfer eggs with a bent pin and this is
the easiest thing in the world. It seems to
me however that his method, if worth follow-
ing, could and should be improved. For
instance : instead of using cups built by the
bees, would it not be advisable to use Doo-
little cups 'i Instead of touching the eggs
with a pin or some other instrument, would
it not perhaps be better to remove and insert
a cocoon with the egg in it a la. Willie Atch-
ley V Instead of making the colony queen-
less, would it not be preferable to do the
rearing in the upper story over a queen ex-
cluder ?

In conclusion I remark that Mr Keiden-
bach's method is original in so far as he
makes a colony queenless and inserts the
eggs by the use of a pin in empty cells, but
there seems to be some German bee-keepers
who practice what is called " Umeiern "
(changing eggs) there, that is, the eggs laid
by the queen in queen cells are removed and
another queen's eggs placed in their stead.

St. Peteksbukg, Fla. Feb. 15, 189r>.

Why There is More Profit in Raising Comb
Than Extracted Honey.

MANY things
peztaiuing to
apiculture we de-
sire to know, and
except for the
luany^ien viro n -
in e n t s we soon
would know. I
have long desired
to know the pro-
portion of extract-
ed honey that we
can produce over
that of comb ; and I am going to endeavor
in this to show some of the difficulties in the
way of solving the problem, and at the same
time try to prove that comb is the more

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

97

prolitable crop — at least by present methods.
Let us see. Here are two apiaries of
bees in prime condition. Fifty colonies are
run for comb, and tifty for extracted. The
honey How opens abruptly and comes free
for a week. The fifty comb honey colonies
have no surplus combs, but put all they can
in the brood combs. In two or three days
they have their wax works started and the
foundation in sections drawn. Tlie extract-
ed honey colonies, having surplus combs
ready, will at once put honey in them rather
than " stuff " the brood combs. At the end
of three or four days we weigh the hives, and
find the weight nearly equal. We look in-
side and find not much I oney in the sec-
tions, but a lot in the extracting combs.
Judging by the looks of the surphts chaiiibers
we say the extracted colony is ahead. By
weighing the colonies we find lit le differ-
ence.

A few days later we find the first extract-
ing chamber about full, and the first super
of sections about half full. At the end of
three or four weeks we have about fifty sec-
tions per colony or seventy five pounds ex-
tracted. Now weigh the brood chambers,
and a comb honey colony will have — if a ten-
frame — about forty pounds of stores and a
fair amount of brood, while the other will
have about twenty-five pounds of stores and
a large amount of brood. Comb honey, fifty
pounds at ten cents, $0.00. Colony in good
condition and plenty of stores. .$5.00 gain.
Seventy-five pounds extracted honey at six
cents, !|4.r)0. Colony short of stores and a
house full of young coming on. In spring,
feed ten pounds of honey at six cents, sixty
cents, leaving gain of !J3.90, against $.5.00
from the comb honey colony.

Again, if the flow comes even and not so
rapid, the sections get started before the ex-
tracting combs have so much in them, yet
the same condition prevails in the brood
chamber, ('. c, more honey and less brood
in the section colony, and more brood and
less honey in the extracting colony. The
season closes with perhaps a third more ex-
tracted than comb, and about the same dif-
ference as before in the brood combs.

The third year comes. The flow is very
limited. Section work will not go at all ex-
cept in the best of the comb honey colonies,
while the extracted colonies are storing their
honey above and rearing much brood be-
low. Season closes, and we have five pounds
cOmb against twenty-five pounds extracted.

That's fifty cents against $1.25 in favor of
the extracted colonies. N-o — let's see : it
takes more spring feed than ever this time.
Honey came in so slowly that it nearly all
went into the extracted apartment, and must
be nearly all fed back again.

But you say comb costs more to raise. We
will see about that. Fifty sections per col-
ony at }.2 cent, 25 cents. Foundation for
same },i pound, 25 cents. Putting founda-
tion in sections, }.i cent each, 12,^2 cents.
Two shipping cases at 20 cents, 40 cents.
Cleaning and casing, }.2 cent, 25 cents.
Total. $1.27>2, cost of the fifty pounds comb.

Now suppose we get instead of one-half
more, say twice as much extracted. Labor
of extracting 100 pounds at rate of 1,000
pounds per day for two men at $l.tX) each,
20 cents. Sixty pound cans to put it in cost
7:3 of a cent per pound, or GG cents. Total
8G cents.

Supers for sections cost some more than
extracting chambers (empty) so we will put
the empty super against the extracting
chamber and combs. Then the trouble of
carrying over the extracting combs, and
keeping out mice and moths, is quite an
item.

Now let us see about the field work. It is
a little easier to control swarming when ex-
tracting, but it is more labor to take off 100
pounds of extracted than .50 of comb ; then
the former must be extracted at once and
canned, no matter how rushed you are, and
while extracting the 100 pounds a second
100 of comb could be taken off. The field
work of the extracted is equal to that of the
comb, while the shop work is much more,
and must be done during the flow.

If we sell at this point we get, at present
prices, for the comb, 14 cents, or $7.00 less
cost $1.27, leaving net $5.73. ItK) pounds ex-
tracted at 7 cents — the very highest price —
$7.00, less cost 86 cents, $6.14 net. But sup-
pose your crop does not sell at once. If not,
it will candy. When candied it will sell for
1,2 to one cent less, or you have the liquefy-
ing, a job of no little consequence. Then
again if it must be put into retail packages,
they cost from two to four cents per pound,
besides the labor of getting it into them,
though there will be an increase in price
when so put up.

If it were true that we can double the crop
by extracting, then we very largely increase
the labor. Labor is the most expensive part
of it.

98

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Last year the firm of which I am a member
raised sixteen or seventeen thousand pounds
of extracted. The first was candied solid
before the last was out of the hives, and all
of it was solid within three weeks from ex-
tracting. We would drive to the yards in the
morning and get a load of extracting combs,
and in the afternoon extract. The same
time and labor would bring in twice as much
comb. In other words, a day's work would
put in the house two loads of comb worth
$200, as against one load of extracted worth
$60 or .$70. When extracted, the honey was
put into GO pound cans at a cost of just % of
a cent per pound for the package. The very
best offer we could get on the lot was ^''>}:2
cents in Chicago. The freight would be two
cents, which would leave us but 4^4 cents.
This, less the cost of cans, leaves 8 .5-(! cents
per pound for all our labor. The actual cost
of comb is, for the sections with foundation
in and ready for the super, one cent. Cases
and cleaning, about one cent, or a total of
two cents outside of our field work. We
could easily get V2,}4 cents in Chicago for
comb. The freight was 2I4 cents. This
would leave us on comb 8% cents for our
field work.

Now on the above basis the extrated honey
colonies would give us 1% cents when the
comb honey colonies would give 8^4 cents.
However, with the extracted, we have double
the bulk to handle, a big lot of extras in
chambers and combs, an extractor, tanks,
etc. Then if the honey must be liquefied —
and we have to do more or less of that to sup-
ply home trade — we must have a melting
tank and furnace or big stove. My tank for
liquefying holds six, (50 pound cans, and has
run day and night at least half of the time
for the past three months.

Now, as shown in the first part of this arti-
cle, it is not true that we can get twice as
much extracted as comb. Last season we
had a very slow and long continued flow — so
slow that it seemed as though we could not
get section work done— and, it did look as
though we got twice as much extracted as
comb. The fact is that we did, but it was at
the expense of stores in the brood combs,
very largely. If the flow had been free, the
difference would show somewhat the same
way, but not in so marked a degree. With
a fair to good flow lasting through three or
more weeks, the difference would be still
less noticeable. The things that seem to
favor the extracted is the throwing of stores

that ought to be in the brood chamber into
the surplus ; a local market that takes the
extracted at about the same as second or
third grade comb, and a careless system of
management that produces only a low grade
of comb.

LovELAND, Colo. Jan. 31, 189.'j.

Objections and Difficulties to be Overcome

in Claiming to Have Made an Invention

Previous to its Patentee.

JAS. HEDDON.

pEFERRING to
fV the article of
B. Taylor on page
;i!> of the Review,
the following
thoughts were sug-
gested: Bro. T.
says there are more
than .500 patents
issued upon bee
nives. The same
is true of tele-
phones and electri-
cal fixtures, but only two or three of them
are good for anything. The Bell patent is a
good one as you may know by the way the
public desires to claim and infringe it. If
you want to know which one of the 500 pa-
tent hives are valuable, all you need to do is
to search the past records of bee literature
and find out which ones people are claiming
as having previously made or partially made,
'• in a private, quiet way for their own use."
The following sentence is from Walker's

patent law :

IV. "According to a principle in patent law
—one protnineut in determining patentability—
the public aduption or desire to adopt a new de-
vice aftords cvidenee of novelty and patent-
ability."

Mr. Taylor remarks that he doesn't see
that the latter-day hives tend to increase the
honey crop. That has not been the object
of modern inventors. The object has been
to lessen labor : to so construct a hive that
the bee-keeper may know just what condi-
tion his colonies are in, and when he finds
anything wrong, can immediately right it
with less than one-third the labor heretofore
employed, and without exposing the combs
in the robbing season. " Improved lines of
management," necessitate improved hives.

Bro. Taylor says he tried my combination
of close-fitting frames closely fitting the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

99

case, after I brought them out, aud that he
didn't like them aud abandoned them.
Something must be wrong with Bro. Taylor,
for out of 1,000 others who have adopted
them, I believe not ten have abandoned
them.

Then Bro. Taylor mentions the sectional
brood-chamber, the essential feature of my
patent, and states that he is still using it
and preferring it. He also claims to have
used such brood-chambers previous to mv
invention, but does not chiim to have shown
them to any one until several year.^ after my
patent was issued. His claim is not valid, in
law, and if it were, it would and will cost
him from *3,000 to ij^f^OOO to substantiate it.
You will see at once that I cannot have my
property seized by any person who may
simply assert that he has used certain things.
Such persons must 1^vs■i prove in U. S. court,
that it is not my property, before their
illegal action becomes a good example to
others.

Mr. Taylor says he exhibited a sectional
hive in a bee convention at Keokuk, in 1889.
This was four years after the issuance of my
patent, and nearly six years after the inven-
tion. While they laughed at Mr. Taylor's
hive, as he says, the following is what they
said about mine :

" Heddon kept it locked up in his brain a
year longer." — Peof. Cook.

" Your hive is new aud original." — Hutch-
inson.

" Your shallow brood cases, do the busi-
ness and the reason I didn't discover it was
because I didn't know enough." — John H.
Martin. "Rambler. "

"Heddon's hive is original and unique."
— Rev. W. F. Clakke.

" Yours of Ist at hand. Whatever may be
the course of some, I think the great mass
of bee-keepers feel bound to fully respect
your rights. After Prof. Cook's article in
Gleanings, I wrote, taking the ground that I
would just as soon think of using Heddon's
horse or pocket-book without permission as
his hive." — C. C. Millek.

There are about 200 more like the above ;
when do you want them. Mr. Editor ?

The relation between Mr. Taylor and my-
self is as follows : On September 29th, 1885,
I became the author and owner of a patent
on a hive, the leading, special, new function
Of which was born of a divisable or multiple
brood-chamber, which caused bee-keepers
to exclaim, " eureka : a new era of bee-keep-

ing has dawned." If such a brood chamber
is valuable, I have benefitted bee-keepers,
and if Mr. Taylor ever invented such a brood
chamber, he benefitted no one but himself.
I have a patent that speaks for itself. Mr.
Taylor has a story which will cost from
$3,000 to $.5,000 to corroborate. Bee-keep-
ers are saying, " B. Taylor is claiming Hed-
don's hive." Has any one heard any one
say that " Heddon is claiming B. Taylor's
hive ?" I can conceive of no harm Mr. Tay-
lor has done, nor that others have done by
similar stories, unless it might be to lead
some bee-keeper to expose himself to prose-
cution in United State court.

I am at a loss to know from what author-
ity Mr. B. Taylor assumes to caution bee-
keepers against spending money for outer
cases for spring protection ? I remember
when I argued this question with yourself,
Mr. editor, and I also remember that, both
in argument and in fact, I found that I was
wrong, and so admitted, and at the same
time I was on the side of the question B.
Taylor now takes. I now know that B. Tay-
lor is also wrong. There is nothing that
pays so well as an outer packing case in
spring, and especially when said case is
painted a dark color and the packing within
is something solid like sawdust, and the
space between hive and case is not too great,

I am in exact accord with Mr. Taylor's
last paragraph concerning the tendency of
our government.

DowAGiAO, Mich. March 9, 1895.

Bee Paralysis the Result of In - Breeding
Aided by Climatic Conditions.

B. F. AVEBILL.

HAVING noticed in the bee literature of
the past few years no precise diagnosis
of bee paralysis, I undertake to present to the
public my views resulting from observations
of twenty years or more while located in
various and widely separated sections of the
country.

It is only a few years since this disease
made sufficient trouble to cause anxiety to
the apiarist, yet, it is already, in many sec-
tions, the source of an alarming disaster.

Generally speaking the black bee is ex-
empt from the malady, or, much less liable
than the Italians to suffer extremely and
epidemically the full virulence of its infec-
tions. My attention was first given to bee

100

THE BEJbi-KEEPERS' REVIJlw.

paralysis among Italian bees, during my
superintendence of the apiary of Mr. Paul
L. Vialloii, of Bayou Goula, La., in 1881.
The only colony affected was albino. The
course of nature in establishing the albino
types of bees, of animals and men, is suffi-
ciently well understood to partially substan-
tiate my views relating to in-breeding and
its subsequent results. But I have observed
it in some instances among black bees where
an apiary had been extensively built up from
a few original colonies in an isolated loca-
tion ; and investigation proved it to have
been first contracted by those colonies near-
est akin to the original mother stocks. This
fact would illustrate that in-breeding was
the primary cause of bee paralysis ; and from
the reason that it is now most prevalent in
apiaries where bees are bred with largely
less provision to protect them from the de-
vitalizing effects of in-breediug than nature
has ordained, we have further cause to sup-
pose that this is the fundamental source of
this new disease.

It is spoken of as a new disease, but it has
always existed. I observed and studied its
appearance in the first season of my bee-
keeping experience, and found the cause, as
I find it now, to be primarily attributable to
too close relations — or relationship — of
parentage.

Numerous bee-keepers have Italianized
their apiaries from too few, or too nearly re-
lated mother bees. The latter might occur
in spite af any precaution that would be
taken, though these precautious would gen-
erally be a guarantee of a perfect infusion
of vigorous prenatal influences. Bees
breed-in naturally to some extent, but it is
evident that by the management of man
they have more often been exposed to its ef-
fects.

Science affirms that the bee existed previ-
ous to the era of man ; that its organism
was developed and fixed in a region where
the flora yielded continual forage, and dur-
ing an epoch when succeeding daughters
of a lineage led forth successive colonies of
the generations of apis to populate such
homes as nature should provide.

Alluding to the well known fact that a
queen is at her best about the time she has
maternally repopulated a colony of which
she is a natural inmate, and that her bees at
this time are more vigorous, and the make-
up of the colony more perfect than at any
other time, except, perhaps, during the

building-up season of spring, and that the
colonies of " late season " queens are like-
wise most vigorous and profitable the ensu-
ing year, I would suggest that, as a precau-
tion against debility and degeneration, it
might be advisable for queen breeders to
breed queens for their stock hives for each
succeeding season's service, to a descent as
far removed as possible from each preceed-
ing season's anterior generations.

Now I do not consider that in-breeding
would occasion bee paralysis to any marked
extent without other predisposing causes.
I observe that it usually exists in regions
well defined and of similar characteristics
concerning climate, soil, and vegetation ;
therefore, I think that atmospheric influ-
ences, and deleterious stores of food, largely
conducive to its prevalence.

During the season (188r>) I was engaged in
business at Beulah, Miss., there occurred
in the apiary perhaps fifty cases of bee paral-
ysis. Most of the colonies, however, were
only slightly affected. After fully consider-
ing the abject appearance of the diseased
bees I concluded that the indications were
symptoms of malaria. And finding, since,
that the malady exists principally in malarial
regions, I conceive no reasons for changing
my views.

The first colony affected was removed
from the stand and placed upon the ground.
This colony became considerably weakened
by losing bees for artificial increase, and
the disease soon appeared. The hive was
one of a row facing a slough, and all the col-
onies in this row of hives suft'ered more than
those in several rows immediately in the
rear, but elevated upon stands. Colonies
placed in a depression of the yard were more
subject to disease than those on the elevated
ground, though there was not more than six
or eight feet variance in its level. Colonies
exposed to the sun were also more liable to
ill health than those well shaded. Indeed
none of the colonies under sheds, or in the
houses, showed any signs of disease, neither
was any of the honey fermented in the hives.
This apiary was of black bees, and had been
increased from three original colonies to
fifty or more in three seasons, by natural
swarming. When increased to 12o in the
month of May, bee paralysis appeared soon
after.

For treatment I removed those colonies in
the sun to the shade of trees or sheds ; ele-
vated those upon the ground to stands and

J

'CHK BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW,

101

removed all supertluous combs. Hives too
roomy, having room out of proportion to the
number of inmates, suffered worse than
those in normal condition. Hives too open
to require a sliglit nocturnal ventilation con-
tained the most fermented honey, and were
more disposed to disease than those close and
tight.

From these facts I judged it best to remove
the extra, or unnecessary combs, which was
beneficial. Some of the most aggravated
cases, were hard to relieve. I extracted the
stores, coniined the bees till hungry, then
fed sugar syrup or gave them a box of the
previous season's honey and released them
late the next day. This proceeding effected
a cure.

I have seen bee paralysis rapidly disap-
pear from an apiary after a change in the
field of forage ; also, after a favorable change
in the weather ; though in an apiary where
the bees were greatly enervated by an un-
natural course of inter-breeding, such might
not be the case. I think to re-queen an api-
ary from a queen of continuously in-bred
stock, or to use her drone progeny in mating,
will seriously affect the standard of health
of the apiary for many future generations.

HOWABDSVILLE, Va.

Feb. 12, 1895.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

w. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and ProDiifitor.

Teems : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
81.90 ; three for $2.70 ; live for $4.00 ; ten or more,
TO cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi kw
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued

FLINT. MICHIGAN APRIL 10. 1895.

Given Foundation made on rollers is now
offered for sale by the A. I. Root Co., that is,
they have succeeded in making a roller ma-
chine that duplicates the work done on the
press.

E. E. Hasty never said a truer thing than
the following : " There is no happy thought
that will bring a bee paper success without
earnest, judicious editorial work, aud lots
of it." This same idea is just as applicable
to other callings.

M. H. Hunt wrote his advertisement that
appears in this issue, but the manner in
which it is displayed was devised in this of-
fice. If there is any other advertiser who
would like to have his ad. re-set allowing me
to set it up just as I would if it were my
own, I should be glad to hear from him. I
am willing to meet my advertisers more than
iialf way in getting up attractive ads. that
will bring business. I wish that every one
of my advertisers were readers of Printers''
Ink. As mentioned last month, I will fur-
nish this journal at one half price to my
advertisers. I will send samples of the
journal free upon application.

'm^-mF%W^»'m^lt*

" Dead Aih is all right providing you can
get it in a space or compartment that is air-
tight," so reads a sentence in an editorial in
a late issue of Gleanings. I beg to differ.
It makes no difference if the space is be-
tween two walls that are hermetically sealed,
if these walls are placed between two differ-
ent temperatures, the air next the wall on
the warm side will become warmed and will
rise, while the air next the cool wall will be-
come cooled and will settle, thus there will
be a circulation inside even an hermetically
sealed space that continually robs the warm
wall of its heat and passes it over to the cold
wall. The tilling of this space with sawdust
or chaff breaks up this circulation.

the bights of a patentee.
When Mr. Heddon patentea his hive, his
"rights" received a most thorough discus-
sion in the bee journals, and to bring up the
discussion again is wholly unnecessary, un-
less there should he an attempt to rob him ;
and, as I have said heretofore, I think that
Mr. B. Taylor has no such object in view :
but I must admit that it is probably unwise
to claim to have made and used a patented
article previous to its patentee, unless the
one making the claim is prepared and wishes
to pj'ore his claim. I doubt if Mr. Taylor
cares enough about the matter to do this ;
but, of course, he is to be his own judge in
this matter. Mr. Heddon is allowed space
in this number because he fears that the
claim of Mr. Taylor may lead some to think
that they may now have the privilege of
using the divisible brood-chamber hive with-
out securing the riglit to do so ; a view that
I think even Mr. Taylor himself would not
wish to have promulgated.

102

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

KESTKIOTING THE QUEENS' LAYING BY USING

SMALL HIVES DOBS NOT LESSEN THE

NUMBEE OF BEES.

C. Dadaut & Son, in a recent number of
Gleanings, while arguing in favor of large
hives, called attention to the fact that a
small hive restricts the queen in her laying,
and drew the inference that the number of
bees is thereby lessened. It is possible, yes,
probable, that the number of bees per hive
may be thereby lessened, but they are not
lessened per comb, or per apiary. If a man
having an apiary of 10-frame hives should
change them for eight-frame hives he would
thereby increase the egg-producing factor
(the queens) one-fourth, and the probabil-
ities are that instead of having less bees,
there would be an actual gain. The point is
just here : when a hive is reduced in size the
combs that are removed are not laid away
to remain idle, but are put into other hives
and other queens set to work tilling them
with eggs.

Messrs. Dadant say that after a long series
of experiments, covering years, they know
positively that large hives are more profit-
able for them to use, and I don't doubt that
with their locality and management large
hives are preferable. Actual experience is
worth more than theory.

OONSIDEK WELL THE LOCALITY.

At one time the word " locality " seemed
destined to become somewhat of a joke or
" chestnut " among bee-keepers. I believe,
however, that the influence of locality is be-
ing regarded more at its true worth than
formerly. This question of the size of hives
over which there has been so much argu-
ment is undoubtedly one in which the in-
fluence of locality plays a large part. There
is also another question that is sometimes
settled largely by the locality ; that is, as to
whether honey shall be extracted as soon as
it is fit to be extracted or whether it shall be
left on the hives until the end of the season.
Mr. E. France, of Wisconsin, follows the
former course and explains in Gleaniwjs
why he takes this course. The first honey
that is gathered is dark and must be ex-
tracted just at the opening of the white hon-
ey harvest. The little honey adhering to the
combs will taint the next extracting, hence
this must be extracted if there is to be any
strictly white honey. If it is a good season
there are three more extractings after this,
and to keep the honey all in the hives would

pile them up so high that the wind would
blow them over, besides, the number of
combs required would be ernormous. To
extract after the season is over requires the
greatest care or there is robbing. Mr,
France does not extract thin honey. He
waits until it is thick enough so that it will
keep well.

EXXRHOTOD.

The Necessity for a Cheap Package in
Which to Retail Extracted Honey.
One of the greatest objections to produc-
ing extracted honey is the difficulty of sell-
ing it. One of the difficulties is that honey
will candy, and another is the lack of a
cheap, suitable package in which to sell the
honey at retail. I have never seen a more
comprehensive review of this whole subject
than appears in Gleanings from the pen of
Mr. R. C. Aikin. It shows most clearly that
he has been over the whole ground. It reads
as follows : —

"I have read withinterest Mr. E. France's
article on this subject, in Feb. l.'ith Glean-
ings, page 129. I have a little criticism to
make, but mainly wish to add to what he has
said.

My criticism is in the use of barrels. Keep-
ing the barrels in a dry place, and well coop-
ered before using, is all right. It is a fact,
that a barrel kept in a cellar or damp place,
when tilled with honey, will season and let
the hoops fall off just as if it were empty. In
the fall of 1887 I tilled two 'i.'j-gallon white-
oak barrels, they having been kept dry for
months before, having eight hoops hard
d iven just before filling. These I brought
with me to Colorado. In a few weeks after
arriving here I found the honey —candied too
— leaking out, and I could pull the hoops off
with my fingers. Had the honey been liquid
I might have lost the most of it. That the
barrels can be made tight enough to hold the
honey, by his method, there is no question ;
but a barrel shipped from Wisconsin here
would not remain tight. A few days ago I
received a .Wgallon barrel of sorghum ship-
ped from eastern Kansas. It may not have
been thoroughhi tight when shipped; but
right in zero weather, and exposed to the
cold, it began to leak so that I iiave had to
drive the hoops on it.

I have, the past winter, liquefied and mar-
keted between six and seven tons of honey.
It was in (iO-lb. cans. I sold it to consumers
very largely, it going here and ttiero all over
the'country, in lots of from one to four or
five cans. Few of the purchasers knew how
to liquefy, or were fixed to do it. Now, had
I stored this honey in barrels, then opened
the barrels and spaded out the honey to

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

103

liquefy in other vessels, then returned to the
barrels to ship, I certainly should have deci-
ded never ayain to produce extracted honey.
Bat should 1 put it into cans to ship, then I
must have two sets of vessels — an additional
expense. If I had a trade that would take
honey in such large packages, and take it at
the same price as in cans, and provided I
did not have to ship empty barrels a long
distance so that the freight would be more
than the tirst cost of barrels, and if I did not
have to liquefy before shipping, I could use
barrels. If the barrel could be kept from
year to year, and the crop sold at retail, it
might be a cheaper package in the end, for
it will last for years ; but if I have to spade
out the honey and put it into other vessels, I
should build a wooden, tin-lined tank that
would hold my entire crop, and do it at much
less cost than the cost of barrels to hold the
same : or, what would be better, a metal
tank with a heating appliance, and liquefy
the honey in the tank.

Just recently I had quotations from Fish
& Co., of Chicago, and they quote one-half
cent less if candied. Now if, to get the best
price for honey, it is necessary to liquefy,
the barrel is not the package. Mr. France
says his barrels cost Sl-.W for 370 lbs., which
is a little less than 1.2 cent per pound. Our
cans cost us % of a cent per pound. The
freight will be some lower on the barrels. I
have forgotten just the difference, but it is
not much ; but if the honey is to be liquefied
to get the best price, the liquefying is much
easier done in the cans. It is not necessary
to take the screw-cap off when melting. The
honey will swell some : but the degree of
heat necessary — and above which it ought
not to go — will not swell the can sufficiently
to burst or to kink it. I have a tank that
holds six cans, and covers the top of an old
range that I purchased and fixed up for the
purpose, and I usually leave the six cans in
this and covered with water, from 24 to 4S
hours. If the heat be regular, and as high
as is safe, 24 hours will do ; but with a slow
tire, and the temperature often low, 48 hours
is necessary. I have kept the caps screwed
tight, and they did not burst a single can in
melting'several tons the past winter.

Now, while I should much prefer the can,
and think it the cheaper in the end, I have a
criticism to ofifer on it. A fiO-pound can is
too large. Two cans in a box make a pack-
age that is just too heavy and awkward for
one man to handle. We can have them box-
ed singly at a little additional cost, it is true ;
but this is not the only objection. Many
people will order by the 25, .'JO, or 100 pound
lots. It is so natural and easy to order in 2.'>
and 50 pound lots, or multiplies thereof, that
it is often done ; and then we must ship more
or less, or else correspond and explain.
Two 'jO-pound cans in one box are abun-
dantly heavy, and T think there is no valid
reason why they can not be had in these
sizes.

' There are still other difficulties in the han-
dling of extracted honey. If it would stay
liquid we could afford to ship in large pack-
ages, and take somewhat lower prices : but
when we get at best only three or four cents

above freights and packages, then have to
cut half a cent or more because it is candied,
it is hard on profits. I doubt whether one
commission or wholesale house in ten is
fixed for liquefying. If the wholesaler can
not melt it, then it goes to the retailer can-
died. Is there one out of twenty-five re-
tailers who knows how and is prepared to
liquefy ? I believe that, in the whole city of
Denver, there is but one firm — and that not
on a business street — that is in any manner
prepared to liquefy. The Denver commis-
sion men tell me they can not sell honey well
in 60-pound cans. If a CO-pound package is
too large, the 4U0 or TAW pound barrel would
be still worse.

Now, if extracted honey sells in the gener-
al markets, and holds its place with other
sweets, it must be put in shape to handle
cheaply and easily. If I were a wholesale
dealer in the city, I would demand that the
goods be put in packages that I could handle
as other goods are handled, or I would pay
only such prices as would give me a margin
over the cost of such packages and getting it
into them. What the commission man wants
and what he must have if the product ever
obtains and holds its proper place in com-
merce, is the goods put in such shape that it
will reach the consumer in original pack-
ages. Until this is done we shall continue
to do as we are doing — sell to consumers
direct.

The producer of grains, grasses, and veg-
etables, and all manufactured goods, can sell
his products at any and all times. There are
regular dealers, and the necessary appli-
ances for handling all these things. If the
individual farmer had to advertise his pro-
ducts, and sell and ship to those who may
want and need his product in other parts of
the country, as many bee-keepers now sell
their product, how much would he get out of
his stuff ? The city dealer does not go to the
farmer for his products, but goes to the
commission and wholesale houses. When
he finds what he wants, it is in such shape
that he can buy as much or as little as he
wishes.

I suppose that C. F. Muth is thoroughly
equipped for handling honey and puttingjt
in retail packages. He. no doubt, can use
large quantities of honey in large cheap
packages ; but the general produce dealer
can not do this, and must sell in original
packages. I have the past winter, as previ-
ously stated, sold several tons of extracted
honey. I could not sell it to commission
houses nor to retail dealers. Why ? Just
ask your grocer to sell in your own market,
in cans and barrels, and you will know why.
The wholesale houses must have the honey
in the very cheapest large package, and
then put it mto his own retail package, or the
producer must put it into retail shape and
all properly packed in regular packages be-
fore it leaves the honey house.

Here again comes that snag of candying,
and also the fact that we must have an ex-
pensive sealing package. If the package be
glass, we have increased freights. Retail
packages that do not seal cost from l}-^ to 3
cents per pound ; and those that seal, from 3

104

THE BEE-KEEPERS HEVIEiy .

to 5 cents per pound. Add to this the
freights, and the getting of the crop market-
ed is as expensive as raising it. Then after
we have done all this, and the honey is
marketed in nice shape, it candies before the
consumer gets it. Some of our honey can-
dies so quickly that, if it were transported
long distances, it would be solid before it got
there. So you see at every turn there is
something in the way. With these difficul-
ties in the way we must be content to let it
remain as it is — extracted always at a dis-
advantage, and comb only a luxury — or find
some better method of marketing.

We must lessen the cost of retail -packages;
ship so that we get low freights and commis-
sions, and put the goods up so that the con-
sumer gets it in the original package. What
this package shall be 1 do not know ; but cer-
tainly if we could put it into cheap tins, and
seal, say, in something like the square oyster
can — a package that is so cheap as to be
thrown away, as are those of all fruits and
other canned goods — then with each can
printed instructions to the consumer, that
each one who uses it will liquefy for himself,
we could then afford to raise extracted hon-
ey ; and not only that, but find it successfully
competing with other sweets, and holding its
place. I could put up a large tank, and heat-
ing appliances, to hold a big crop ; then if T
got the crop I could buy the cans, and pack
for market. The purchase of cans need be
only what is needed. It would then make no
odds if the honey did candy ; for it would
remain so until the consumer got hold of it.
It would not bring quite so hieh a price in
the retail market ; but the intermediate ex-
pense would be much less, and so benefit
both producer and consumer.

I do not think that we shall altogether do
away with glass ; but the main crop must be
in a very cheap package, and go to the con-
sumer candied, the elassand fancy packages
being left for the fancy trade. If this can
not be done, then the trade in extracted hon-
ey must always be an uncertain thing until
it can be produced at a price less bv consid-
eraiile than the price of sugar. I say less
than sugar, because of these difiiculties in
the marketing of it. It would be quite dif-
ferent if we could keep and handle the honey
as easily as we do sugars. With a simple
cheap package, and the goods sold to the
consumer in the original package, it will be-
come more and more a staple and more and
more a common article of diet.

Loveland, Colo., Feb. 26.

To the foregoing there is appended the
following foot note :

[This is one of the best and one of the
most comprehensive articles on this subject
that we have ever received, and I commend
its careful reading to every producer. Bar-
rels, whatever may be their advantage in the
Middle and Eastern States, are not suitable
for a large part of the West, where the cli-
mate is dry, like that of Colorado and Cal-
ifornia. Tin or glass packages, or some-
thing that will not shrink, must be used ;
and, besides, as friend A. well says, they are
more suitable for liquefying. We have tried

spading the honey out of barrels ; and we
can't afford to buy in barrels, spade out, and
liquefy, and run into smaller cans, and make
any money out of it. But instead of spad-
ing we find it cheaper to set the barrel in a
large tub of hot water, and keep the water
hot with a steam pipe. But few have the
steam, and so the spade process is the one
usually employed. But honey in square cans
can be liquefied easily by any one. We set
ours in a coil of steam pipe.

We must, as producers, have our packages
suitable for the honey market, and, so far as
possible, for the consumer. If it is true,
that honey in barrels must be spaded out by
the average commission house, aud if he can't
do it. except at a loss, sooner or later he is
going to make the proihicer pay for it in a
reduced price. As square cans are so near
the cost of barrels, per pound, it will be seen
thit they have a big advantage, not only in
this one matter of candying, but in the fact
that the bulk of honey can so easily be di-
vided upon the multiple of GO lbs. — Ed.] "

There is one other package that it seems
ought to be considered, and that is a paper
pail. As a package for retailing butter,
nothing now equals a paper box. There are
also paper pails for ice cream, and I also
understand that there have been some prom-
ising experiments in putting up honey in
paper pails. The paper is soaked in paraf-
fine, I believe, and a bit of it put upon the
rim of the cover where it fits around the top
of the pail, thus making a water tight pack-
age. The honey could be put in these pails
when in the liquid state, and, when it had
candied, the packages may be lioxed ft)r ship-
ment, and sent anywhere with safety. On
each package should be instructions for
liquifying the honey. I do not suppose that
it could be liquified in the paper pail, as the
heat would dissolve the paraffine. I should
be glad to hear from those, if any there are,
who have tried this style of package.

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

(^LICES of green cheese from the moon at
jij) eight dollars per slice— is about the look
of what the American Bee Journid adver-
tises on page 128 and 1(!9. The editor's dep-
recatory note does not seem to me to be
sufficient. A man should not be allowed to
advertise entirely impossible things, even if
a little hint of warning is given. First to
make him show he's got the lunar cheese,
should be the inexorable role. It is the un-
derstanding that no colony of Apis dorsata

THE BKE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

105

ever got to this contiuent alive — aud, more-
over, that crossing that bee with ordinary
bees was never accomplished anywhere, and
is unlikely to be ever accomplished. Let no
advertiser think to run his bare cheek against
this well settled understanding. Or does he
claim that a caged dorsata queen came
through by mail, and was successfully intro-
duced to common bees ? If that is it let him
not be unduly modest about saying so. But
if he only has bees which somebody hopes
have a dash of dorsata blood about them he
should be honest enough to say just that —
else wait till impartial experts have exam-
ined and reported. Professors of entomol-
ogy are not so exceedingly scarce : and
samples of bees in a little box are not hard
to send. At all events before you send him
the eight dollars for a queen make him send
you by mail a few live workers. If he's
straight he will be willing to do so ; and if
he's crooked he canH.

CANADIAN Bee journal.

A certain worthy old chap used to meet
the endless query, " How are you this morn-
ing ?" by saying blandly, " About as I was."
The Canadian is about as it was, and does
not call for any long paragraph of general
remark this time.

Friend W. C. Wells, on page 4<)7, gives
such hobbyists as myself a rather uncomfor-
table dish of facts aud things about drones.
Having over a hundred hives of blacks, he
raised two nice Italian queens late in the
fall, and clipped their wings before they
could become fertile. This was on purpose
to make drone-layers of them, and get a
tine lot of Italian drones very early in the
spring, before black drones were abroad.
He succeeded so far, and also in getting a
fine lot of Italian virgins to meet them — and
they liew, and flew, for nearly three weeks,
yet nary a one became fertile. At that point
the black drones came on deck, and all the
queens mismated. Well, we don't confess
summer at the twitter of one swallow ; but
if many of the pesky little things twitter
around like that I shall have to say —

'' Now is the summeu of my discontent,"

At present I'll be spunky enough to say
that this experiment, aud Willie Atchley's,
given last month, do not "jibe." If one is
O. K. the other is K. ( ). ( Konsiderably OS.)
There is no imaginable probability of the
imperfect unfertilized female having more
of the reproductive power than the perfect

female unfertilized, that thus her sons should
be competent, while the sons of the latter
are incompetent.

( )n page 4G«, N. D. West, the spiral pro-
tector man, says that his long spirals are the
best bee escapes in use. Quite an idea. I
suppose a thin board with one or more holes
in it is used, and that the spirals are fastened
under the holes so as to trail down between
the combs below. A little awkward to put
on properly I should fear. Perhaps he
avoids this by using both board and empty
half story. He furnishes also this valuable
little kink. When you cut queen cells keep
your knife warm by holding it against the
smoker barrel.

" Every unnecessary disturbance or excite-
ment is damaging at any time in the year, but
mostly so in the spring ; and we cannot feed
bees without creating more or less disturbance
and excitement.'' ("!hristopher Grimm, 466, Caua-
diau.

He says he would never feed for stimula-
tion merely, if plenty of stores were within.
No spreading —

Let them make their own nest

Just as suits them best.

No vernal robbing of Peter to pay Paul,
with frames of brood, unless Paul needs a
queen. No uniting of dwindlers until set-
tled weather comes. All of which gives me
Grimm satisfaction, as coming from one of
the bee fathers of bee- Israel.

The editor on page Wl thinks West's spiral
protectors and queen cages worthy of more
general use than they have yet attained.

Another editorial on the same page warns
us to look out for queenlessness when bees
won't carry down feed which they need in
the fall — providing, of course, that things
are arranged rightly, and it isn't too cold.

Whatever one may think of McEvoy's
theories of foul brood, his success as a foul
brood eradicator seems to be admirable.
Spread himself over thirteen counties last
year ; and met the enemy in thirty-nine api-
aries. Needless to say that the enemy was
" his'n." Only in about four cases did he
have to burn up colonies— and to a total of
about thirteen hives. Occasionally of course
he would meet with don't-care folks, who
understand with their elbows, and go and do
the very things they must not do, and utterly
omit essential things which must be done ;
but he praises the zeal and intelligence with
which nearly all took hold to get clear of the
plague. The wrong manin the place would
surely stir up more human hornet's nests
and I'm thinking McEvoy himself

106

THE BEE-KEEPERS ^EV-

would, should he stray this side of the line.
Canadian, 4G2.

Dr. Miller in his article commencing on
page 464, notes that wooden separators
crinkle out of shape, and then the nails in
the ends hold them so, despite the efforts to
press them right again. He deprecates nail-
ing, unless with one nail in the middle of
each end. As for himself he takes new ones
about every year, and on that account does
not want so much nailing on or pulling off. If
practical men throw wooden separators away
every season to get rid of the propolis and
kinks, I guess I'll adhere to my tin ones for
the present.

Perhaps the most important idea in the
article is about moving unfinished sections
when on the hive. Never finished out quite
so nicely if moved to a new place. Guess
that's so, too ; although I do not remember
to have seen it so stated in print before.
Step-mother will raise a boy ; but own moth-
er and own boy is the best way. The special
gang of bees who are at work on a section,
and who feel a wee bit of pride in it, seems
to be broken up by moving it to a different
place. It thus falls into the charge of super-
numeraries, who give it a lick and a prom-
ise, and get it oft" their hands.

On page 474, in an article on queen-rear-
ing, which comes by way of the British Bee
Journal, the need of care about chilling is
urgently pressed. Full exposure for five
minutes, at as mild a temperature as Of/ , was
fatal. Under a roof, and protected from the
wind, larvai were still alive after fifteen min-
utes ; but the question whether they would
fully recover, so as to make just as good
queens as any, was not followed up. Pre-
sumably doubtful.

A special kink in getting ready for winter
is given by A. G. Willows on page 445.
With two stories of frames, and where there
is no late harvest to speak of, there may be
frames of honey enough available to go into
the winter without feeding, but the middle
combs in the brood nest nearly destitute —
brood in August, and emptiness later on.
Just make out the winter outfit in August
above the excluder, putting up the queen,
and side frames also if they are heavy
enough. The other frames remain quietly
below until the brood is all out, when the
lower story and its excluder are removed
bodily.

George Wells, the sponsor for the two-
queen-to-the-hive system so popular at pres-

ent in England, contributes an article on
pages 449-451. It makes us feel the experi-
mentalism (if that's the proper word) of oar
British cousins to notice how patiently he
proves that his system, in his hands, scored
a victory in his locality last season. The
season one of the worst on record there.

Non-progressive bee folks in England
claim that skep honey is better than frame
hive honey. This of course is true if the
frames are extracted too green ; and the skep
has the good feature that it does not encour-
age that naughty trick. He owns up that the
skep is the only hive adapted to some folks.
He raises extracted honey because sections
are not in demand. How surprisingly mar-
kets differ ! A somewhat surprising thing is
the amount of wax harvested. Three pounds
to the hive, when the honey harvest was only
741^'. Most of us would jingle more cash if
we could realize three pounds of wax per
hive. Wonder how he did it ?

But Master Canadian will step forward
and hold out his hand for a few ferule spats,
to atone for his carlessness in making out
the table in Mr. Wells' article. We read 11
cents where it should be 11 pence, S1.2 cents
where it should be S}4 pence, and 2 cents
where it should be 2 shillings — all the prices
in the table given wrong.

The General round -Up.

The change in the American Bee-Keeper,
mentioned in last month's editorial, is a lit-
tle in the nature of a new departure. To
have a bee magazine and a family magazine
combined has not been tried recently I think
— although the mere change from 1(> pages
and cover to 32 pages and cover would be
nothing out of course. Under the present
arrangement a little more than half the
space is occupied with general reading.
Well, this is one of the ways to do things
which is all right if it succeeds. Undoubt-
edly there are editors and publishers that
would achieve success on just those lines.
But just as surely this peculiar plan is no
mascot, with powers to compel success.
There is no happy thought that will bring a
bee paper success without earliest, judicious
editorial work, and lots of it. Part of the
time in the past history of the A. B. K. it
has been a sort of motherless gosling on the
common ; and that sort of thing is quite as
capable of sinking a family journal plus
bees as any other kind. Moreover as com-

I

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

1U7

binutiou tools have a reputation tor heiny
soniothiug less than first class in each ele-
ment of the combination, the public are a
little inclined to draw a similar conclusion
in regard to combination magazines. The
prejudice can quickly be broken through, no
doubt, by the right kind of push — but push
is a nine qua non, if the perambulator with
two babies in it is to go up the sandy hill.

Friend JoUey gives evidence, on page .">:>
of the Americayi Bee-Keeper, that the Cath-
olic church does not always refuse substi-
tutes for beeswax in its candle making ; con-
sequently the market for one of our products
is not so secure as we thought. Order for
10,0()0 barrels of paraiiine at one time. Not
knowing anything about the subject, I should
exercise my Yankee right to guess that great-
er strictness would be exercised as to candles
to be used around the altars and shrines,
and as to those carried in processions, than
would be exercised as to those used to be-star
lofty walls and domes. Why should they
neglect to save money in the latter class of
ornaments, if the cheaper ones are just as
good, and have the same general appear-
ance ?

Same article says soak the corners of your
dove-tailed hives a minute or two in thin
paint before setting them up — more than save
the time back again \\ heu you come to paint
the out.-ide, besides the advantage of a white
lead joint. And a coat of castor oil on the
rabbet inside will make propolis let loose
just like hard soap.

J. E. Pond reared a tive-bauded queen as
long ago as 1868. Apiculturist, 18. This is
offered as evidence that Cyprian blood (un-
wittingly introduced, or otherwise) is not
alivays the cause of tive-banded progeny.
At that date it is not likely that a drone with
Cyprian blood could have been abroad in
Massachusetts unbeknown to the breeders.
Perhaps some of the Italian breeders resem-
ble Ah Sin in their inclination to monkey
with "tricks which are vain ;" but it seems
doubtful if even they got at it as early as
18(>8. All the same the case will bear some
more evidence.

C. W. Dayton has an eccentric nail box,
for the little nails bee-keepers need, which
is not devoid of good points. Two screw
caps (such as are used on honey cans and
various other ware ) with their screw covers.
Fasten the two together base to base, and
you have a neat little tight box with two ways
to get into it. Several of these can nestle

together in the general tool box, or even in
the pocket, with no danger of spilling or
mixing their nails. December Progressive,
323.

Dayton likes to move bees by night, and
succeeds without fastening them in. Drive
them in with smoke when you put them on
the wagon. When you are about to start I
suppose if any have boiled out meantime
they are to be driven in again. Proceed
twenty rods on your journey and stop. This
kind of a stop for five minutes or more is
the proper thing, even if your bees are fast-
ened in. If at liberty the smoker is used
again on those that seem to need it — and it
is not the r habit to make any more trouble
during the trip.

Glad R. L. Taylor has the Conser device
for preventing swarming in tow. I think it
very desirable for us to know just the effect
of a steady removal of capped brood. I
have no very great hopes that it will be suf-
ficient to entirely prevent swarming during
a bad year : but it will be a step in advance
if it is proven to have a decided influence in
that direction. Its first year's record at the
station is not encouraging, as even a come-
out-and-go-back swarm in such an unfavor-
able season as the last is suspicious.

Shoe blacking made with honey, eh ? How
can we allow men to tread such a celestial
product as honey under their feet. Ketchum
and Cheatam can arrange the matter for us
— catch 'em with honey and cheat 'em with
honey dew— good enough to grind up with
bone black. Review, 70.

The Germans have got at the question of
the formic acid in honey, and how it came
there, whether by sting ejection or absorp-
tion of vapor ; and some addition to ■our
knowledge is quite likely to come of it. In-
teresting to see that sugar syrup in a cage
acquires fornic acid wh^n hung inside a
colony.

Something or other badly at fault with
those prices of French honey on page 71 of
last Review. We are told that honey is only
80 per cent, above sugar, and yet 29, 89 and
49 cents are named as prices of sections, ap-
parently prices of single sections not very
different from ours. Quite likely we should
read centimes instead of cents. Yet this
would make the i)rices seem pretty low — (i,
S, and JO cents, and yet they are talking
about lowering them.

Riohabds, Lucas Co., Ohio, March 21, '9i">.

108

Hit. BKK-KEKl'EKS utA lEW

Hunt's Foundation

jjcu evil v^vw^rs in the Goverumeut experimeuts. It exceeded the Given by <;}2 per
cent, and all the rest by 2^%. See Sept. Review, 18i)4. The Largest, Most Compre-
hensive Catalog of everything needed in the Apiary, Free. Cash for Beeswax, or
will make it up in any quantity. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. 4 y.5 U

O

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising m<»diuais are most profit-
able. If you would Iielp the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

GOLDEN QUEENS

„ FROM KANSAS.

Try my big, yellow, golden queens. They arc
hustlers. Ready April 15th. One dollar each.
Thre3-banded, Rune price. One-frame nucleus,
with queen, $2.0 ; two frames, $2.50. Safe arri-
val and satisfMction guaranteed. 4-!t.5-2t
P. J. THOMAS, FREDONIA, KanS.

please mention the Reuieui.

Theodora B^oder'j

ITALIAN QUEENS

\re bred for Business, Beauty ami (ientleness.
He makes a specialty of bropdimr fine Italian
queens tli it rank with the best in the world.
Untested queens in May, $1.25eacii; .Tune, $1.00
each, or six For $5.00; .July to October. 7.ic. each
or six for $4 25. Tested queens $l..50 to $2 00
each. Send for free illnstrated circular to
THEODORE BENDER
ti.P4.tf 18 F"nUon St.. Canton, Ohio.

Oh, Why Don't You
Look to Your Interest,

,\M,1 get my CATAJ.Od OF FIVE BANDED
QUEENS? It also 'lescribfs my iinpMri.-.! and
fine bred Italians .•iml silver gray (aniiolans
warranted pure, ami all kinds of l)e(> kei'i)Hr's
supplies. A'Id.ess

(!. B. BA.NKST()N.
4-y5-tf (^hriesman, Texas.

Ptftise mention the Reuiew-

Printiosi Press for Sale

in the otftce of the Review is a toot-power,
self-inking, Nonpareil_ printing press with a
chase 6 X 10 inches in size. This press is in per-
fect order and belongs to a compositor who has
set a large proportion of the type for the Re-
view, but poor health compels him to go West,
and the press must be sold. .\ny one in need of
such a press can secure a bargain by addressing
('HAS. FELLOWS, ,Jb .

Flint, Mich.

Bees Scooped !

1 have at last succeeded in buying all the bees
within 2J^ miles of my home apiary, except five
colonies, and these 1 have Italianized and have
permission to control their drones. This prac-
tically gives me a clear field for breeuing pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
experience in breeding and experimenting with
Italian queens and bees, and I now breed "for
business" from my own importations and Doo-
little's "Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, S-frame,
D. I hive, $6. (X); 5 colonies, $27.50 ; 10 colonies,
$.50 00; one frame nucleus, $l,t"0; two frame,
$1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to
the above. During March and April, one tested
queen, $2.tO. Select tested queen, $3 00. After
May 1st, one i est ed queen, $1 50; 3for$4.00; 6
for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens
as early as the season will permit of their being
reared, one for $1 00; 3for$2.25; (i for $4 00; 12
for $(5 75. I have over IW tested (pieens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
colonies to fill extra early orders.

Contracts for hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities eolicitetl. and if desired will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian queens on reason-
abl ' terms

2 95 12

JOH/S n- DAVIS,

Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn.

MfiiiimmiiiiinnmiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiuiiiMiiiiHmiitiiiiiitiiimiiiU

I GRASS IS KING!

s We are the only seedsmen making the growing of S
S farm seedH. grasset' imd clovers HgrpntspeciHlty. Om s
= Extra Grass nnrt Clover Mixtnrfslnst ii lifotinip uitli g
S out renewal. Prices dirt clieini Mnmnntli faini'-eed s
5 catalogue and sample fC-.i^^- Misfire tree for "c. s
s postage. JOHN A. SALd .""^ SttO CO , La Crosse, Wis. s

HllllMiiiiiiiiiiililiiiiiiiiiiiiin:..

.Ii<iiii!r!iiiiiiiiiiillllllllli>'

Iill-: JikH-KEEPER."^' liKVlhW.

101)

SAVE MONEY,

It is always eooiKini.v to buy tho
host, cspociiiUy when the l)pst costs
HO more than soinothinfi not half so
Kood. OUR FALCON SECTIONS
are acknowledged to he superior to
any on the market. 'I'he same is also
true of our HIVES and HEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, of winch we make
all modern styles. OUU PRICES
will be found as low as those of any
of our competitors, and in many
cases lower, and you iu-e always sure
of getting first-class goods. We also
publish THE A.MERK^AN BEE-
KEEPER, a monthly magazine (fifth
year) at fiOc. a year, invaluable to
beginners. Large illustrated cata-
logue and price list free.
Address

THE W.T. FALCONER MANTG CO.,

.lAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish of East Nottingham,
N H., is our Eastern agent. New
England customers may save freight
by purchasing of him

Please mention the Review.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the wliolo apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Ciaremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Ilireft-Ilriift Perfect
BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

PRICES

Names of Bee - Keepers.

TYPE WRITTEN.

nicirscirsciEciigisrspjcicirsciisEiiiEciraFSBPir

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although tliis list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundre<is of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.()0 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inqviiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2. .50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold )>r()ceE-8, 1 can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

Bees Frorn tb^ South.

I shall have shipped to New York, from the
South, (via. &t>-amer) during April and May,
cases containing eight frames of capped brood,
well covered with bees. These are just right to
build up colonies.

Per frame. 9iic. each. Three frames, 85c. each.
Eight fram-^s, 7.5c. each. Sixteen frames, 70c.
each. Untested queens included tor SI. 00 extra.
Shipped from this city, safe arrival guaranteed

Catalogue of Bees, Queens and Supplies on
application

I. .J. STRINGHAM.

2-r5-tf 105 Park Place, N, Y.

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knife.

BINGHAM

Patented May 20, 1870.

Perfect Bee - Smoker and Honey Knives,

PATENTED J878, 1.^82 AND 1892

Doctor

( 'oiKiueror

LTrge

Plain

Little Wonder

Il'uiiy Knife

■ \%

inch Stov(^. per (i< z 812,00--Mail

11 oo- ••

6 00

4 75- "

3 00- "

7 00- •'

S:i.75

1..50

1 00

70

.50

80

BEST ON EARTH.
The three Imger Kizrs have extra wide shields and double
coile I stei'i wire handle-^. These SHIELDS and HANDLES are
an AMAZINC COMFORT -always cool and clean. The Plain
Is and wire handles All Hingham Smokers for 1S9.") have all the
ft, B-'nt Cap. Win' Handles, Inverte.l Bellows, and are ABSO
Bingham Knives and Bee Smok''is an- stamped wit!

(lat,

T. F. BINGHAM, Abronia, Michigan.

110

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIl<.¥i/.

ON HAND NOW. SENT FREE.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

or BEE HIVES. SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM.

194-12t. RIVER PALLS. WIS.

Please motion the Review.

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. 2. Write for special
prices on winter orders in large or small lots,
including all other Supplies. Also Berry Crates
and Baskets made up or in flat.
Address BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,

3-9.5-6t Berlin Heights, O.

Rubber Pfinling Stamps

Solid rubber type, self -inking pads, dating
stamps, supplies, etc., for bee keepers. Send
for catalogue and samples of work.

C. W. BERCAW,
2-95-6t Fostoria, Ohio.

Your friend E. E. Hasty has somew at to
advertise-

To wit, so7ne very sincere religious reading.
But if you are a member of a sect it will
very possibly make you angry. Try it
nevertheless.

[ am interested in bees, as you know, but
very much more interested in this Will those
who have lead my apicultural writing in the
Review, possibly with pleasure, do me the favor
and the courtesy to listen to me in this more im-
portant matter? Send a stamp to pay return
postage, if you feel generously inclined but the
tracts will come if yon omit ttiat oart of it.

Please send your name and address to
E. E. HASTY.
2-9ii-.3t Richards, Luoas Co., Ohio.

t\y tiew Process

OP V^AKITHG

Foundation

I/S5URE5

Soft Side - Walls,

An<I Rc<Iuces tb« Co5t of
A\2inuf2kCture conji^lerzibly.

Samples and prices free.

W. J. PINCH, Jr.,

Sprins:f'«'*l» Illinois. :? 95 tJt

'Xr\/\ COLONIES OF BEES (Italian) in 8-
_^{j\J frame dovetailed hives, for sale. Also
a full line of fihst-CLASS Apiarian Supplies
(new and fresh), at living prices. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Send for catalogue. Address
E. T. FLANAGAN,
3.95 3t Box 783, Belleville, III.

Are usually sold for $2.00. I will explain
why I wish to sell a few at less than that.
As most of my readers know, I re-queen
my apiary each spring with young queens
from the South. This is done to do away with swarming. If done early enough it .2
usually successful. It will be seen that the queens displaced by these young queens
are never more than a year old ; in fact, they are fine, tested, Italian queens, high r i.n
THEIK prime; yet, in order that they may move off quickly, and thus make room for
the untested queens, they will be sold for only ONE DOLLAR. Or I will send
the Review for 189.J and one '>f these queens for only f LTfi For f2.00 I will send the
Review, the queen and the book " Advanced Bee Culture." If any prefer the young,
laying queens from the South, they can have them instead of the tested queens, at
the same price. A discount on large orders for untested queens. Say how many are
wanted, and a price will be made. Orders can be filled as soon as it is warm enough
to handle bees and ship queens with safety.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

I HE BKE-KEEPBRS' Kb. VIEW.

Ill

If you aie not using the

New Heddon Hive

It may seem incredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results with considerable less
labor and much more comfoit than with other
styles of hives, but a fair and iiimartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as set forth in my circu-
lar, will show that this statement is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for the asking.
11-W-tf A. E. H08HAL, Keamsville, Ont.

OH, FOR CANADA.

For isi)5 1 will Ixanilk" the U. B. Lewis Co.,
SNOW WHITE SECTIONS the best in the
world. Samples free. 1 will make Dovetailed
Hives of the tinest lumber. 1 shall also rear and
sell Five-Banded Queens. Last year I sold 1,8S7,
and only two were lost in the mail. Send for my
new circular and price list that will be out Jan-
uary Ist. N. H. SMITH,

Tilbury ( enter. Ont.. Canada.

11 ;t4-tf.- Lock Box A.

P/e„>. -, on Ih^ K.;ui^w.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOI^ 1894.

Before you purchase, look to year interest, and
N-^nd for catalogue and price list.

J. F. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. Augusta, Oeorg:ia.

Please mention the Reuiew.

HATCH CHICKENS wuh me mookl
Excelsior Incubator.

Simple, Perfect, Self-Regu-
lating. Thousands in success-
ful operation. Ouaranteed to
hatch a larger percentage of
fertile eggg at less cost than
anv other Hatoher. Lowest
priced flrst-olaas Hatcher
made. €>EO. H. 8TAHL.
nina. Catalogae. L lI4tol288.ath8t , qa.ncy.lll.

r'/edse mention the Review.

THE STRATTON

"tiarp" and "Manhattan" Gaitar.

Warranted not to Crtutk. \o Giiitaii^ .sold
•t retail. Dealers nlea.se send for Illustrated
■nialogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON &, SON,

<f3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK.

n^%i» ^^^l_ sells a Por-

rj. Oliver Col^ tico hive
conitiinine 2 - frame nucleus with PURE IT.\L-
lAN QUEEN. YELLOW, BEAUTIFUL, PRO-
LIFIC, in June for $2.75 each, two for $5.(J0;
tested queen, $1.50: untested, $1.00,

STBAWBERRY PLANTS of the latest vari-
eties, for sale cheap. Send for circulars to
4-95-tf Sherburne. Chenango Co.. N. Y,

Please mention the Heuieia.

Tbe Choicest © ® ©

OF TESTED QUEENS.

By return mail, $1.00 each. These Queens were
reared in the fall of '91 for our early spring
trade, from best imported stock, and are guar-
anteed to give satisfaction in every particular.
J. W.-K. SHAW & CO.,
2-95tf Loreauville, Iberia Parish, La.

Pletis'' niention the fteulew

BEE-KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N Y. City.

\ SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4.93.tf Send for illuatrated Catalogue

Please mention Ni»' Reuieui.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

j — 11^ I

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies. _

Wo have everything in tip top order, and can

till orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

tJ. pOI^HCI^OOK & CO.,

Jan. 1st, 1894. Watertown, Wis.

.■'.cwot tftrtiliun the Rffuietu.

E. KRETCmHERJed Oak, Iowa,

ereil to your railroad at eith
Iowa; Cedar Rapids, Iowa
1 'utalogue.

Sends free his ('ataloune of 72 illustrated pages ;
describes EVERYTHINC USED IN THE API-
ARY; Best Goods at Lowest Prices. Deliv-

r Chicago ; "St. Louis •" Atchison, Kans. ; St. I'aul, Minn. ; Des Moines.

and other places. Capacity (me car load a day. Write at once for his
^ 2-95-tG

112

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best i)Ossible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from whicli all foreiKU substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot liave been removed;

iand that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the samp''" which will be sent upoti application.
LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
^and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHJ^S. DAOAHT « S0«, Hamilton, IIIS.

-^1 ^^^^^^^ 4-94-ISt Please mention thx Reuie-. _^^^^mg^ \^

lllustratfifl AdTfirtiseients Attract Attention.

Cuts Fnrnislied for all illnstratlng Pnrposes,

Please mention ttie AVi'/.

A O 11 C f o my customers and friends :

I X \M rV Please remember that \V H.

I ^1 |f it Laws is again headquarters for
Italian queens, i breed nothinu;
but large, well-developed quneus, eithpr Golden
or Loather-colored. My Golden strain is fiom
Doolittle's original ONK HUNDRED doIjLAR queen
sent me after he had rearod over 1,000 queens
from her. For busine.'-s and beauty, my bees are
unexcelled. Pric" of queens, e.'.cli. .f 1.00; six for
$4.50. Tested, $1.2.-). Breeders, «i (o $1. Ad-
dress

4-95.tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Set). Co.. Ark.

4-'t5.tf

1 am mannfaeUirin:,'

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Jvvi'r.\- thing y ii nt^;»d .

PRICES REDUCED.
Si"iil for- new Pric'' List.

GEO. HVLL. Fr nclivill.', \Vi.-.
Tremrieli'au Co.

W. H, BRiGHT'S

CIRGUL.XK FOR 1S95, describps every thins
needed in tlie apiao'. Bees, queens, hives, sec-
tions, spraying pumps aiid.Bright's comb foun-
dation, sold at bottom prices. Spnd for one,
fiee.

AYM. H. BRIGHT,
l-95.12t Mazpppa. Minn.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. Tlie tr.'ule supplied.
Bee Hiipplies; Root's goods at Root's
(trices and the liPst shipping jmini in
the conntry. Writo for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,

1 it.'. 12t

Indinnnpolis, I'k

Largest Factory in the West. »,

COMPLETE STOCK.

rood Supplie.s and liOTur Prices, Our Mott(
We are here to serve you and will if you t^ive us a chance. Catalogue Free. Adderss,
LEAHY A\A/HUPACTURIiHG CO., Hi«S«iOSVin«, f^o.

MAY, 1895.

At Fliqt, Mid^igaq. — Or\e Dollar a Year.

114

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE*

RDVenTISH^G t^RTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 8 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent : 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On «0 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times.
50 per cent.

Clubbing Ltist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00) —

American Bee Journal. . . .( l.Oii)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper ( .50)
Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50) . . .
Apiculturist ( .75)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 130.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— \11 sections to be well filled; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber,
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark," etc.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows:
No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1 amber, 12 to 13 ; No.
1 dark, lO ; white, extracted, 7 : amber, extracted,
6 ; dark, extracted, 5. Beeswax, 25.

C. C. CLEMONS CO.,

May 6. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— The supply of honey
in this market is small, and the prospects are
that it will soon be cleaned up and prices go
higher. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 15 ;
No. 1 white, 14; No. 1 amber, VlVi to 13; fancy
dark, 12 ; white extracted, 8 ; amber, 6.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.
March 6.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— Very little doing in lioney,
and off-lots are hard to clean up. Extracted is
dull. We quote as follows ; fancv white, 13 to
14 ; No 1 white. 11 to 12 ; fancy dark. 8 to 9 : No
1 dark, 7 to 8 ; white extracted, 5 to 6. Beeswax,
88 to 30.

BATTERSON <t CO .
167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N, Y.

ALBANY. N. Y.— Demand for comb honey
slow. Extracted honey is in better demand.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13 ; No.
1 white, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1
amber, 8 to 9; fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. 1 dark,
8 to 9 ; white, extracted, 6i^ to 7 ; amber, ex-
tracted, 6 to 6}^ ; dark, extracted, 5 to 5»^. Bees-
wax,2.to30. H.B WRIGHT,

March 5. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

NEW YORK N. Y.— The market is over for
comb honey, We have cleaned out our stock of
white but still have some buckwheat on hand.
Market on extracted is quiet, with considerable
(^alifordia on hand and more to follow. Bees-
wax firm and in good demard. We quote as
follows : fancy white, 12; No. 1 white, 11 ; fancy
amber, 10; No. 1 amber, 8; white extracted 5^
to 6 ; amber, 5. Beeswaq, 33 to 33.

HILDRETH BROS. &8EGELKEN,

May 6 120 & 122 West Broadway New York.

Mays.

CHICAGO, III.— There is not much comb
honey on this market, except some from ('alifor-
uia that has come in lately, and some of this is
candied. Extracted sells very slowly, but bees-
wax is active. We quote as follows : fancy
white. 14 to 15; No. 1, 13; fancy amber, 12; No 1
amber, 10 ; fancy dark, 10 ; No. 1 dark, 9 ; white
extracted, &Vi to 7 ; amber, 5 to BVi ; dark. 5 U^ 6.
Beeswax, 30.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

May 6. 163 So. Water St.. ''hicauro. III.

EE SUPPLIES!

, Send for free copy of ILliTJSTRATEI)

I CATA-I.OGUE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. & Newmnn, 147 So. Western Ave., Cblcaso.

Pure Italian Queens,

Bred for business and sold at the following pri-
ces : untested. 1.00; three for 2.50; six, 4.(5
twelve, 9.00. Tested, 1.25 ; three for 3.50 ; six, ;
7.00 ; twelve. 13.00. Select tested, 2..50.

Catalogue of Pee Suppli'-K sent free upon ap-
plication. O. P. HYDE,
5 95.6t Lampasas, Texas.

Please mention the Reuiew.

KotMng Pleases Customers More tnaii to Have

Queeens $«"t Promptly.

Knowing this, we last fall reared a
large number of queens from the
best of imported stock. They are now
the choicest of tested, Italian queens,
and can be sent by return mail, "*

1.00 each. Untested queens, 75 cts. each,
or 8.00 per doz. 2-95-tf

I. w. K. SHAW & CO., LoreauYine, La.

;=s-^:^y;?>5.^g|.,-<^>;^i^^'

IS a book of nearly 100 pag-es that beg-ins with The
Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they
oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the
workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their
Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections. Supers and Sepa-
rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arranging
Hives and Buildings and Shading the Bees are described.
Varieties of Bees, Introducing Queens and Planting for
Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of
Bees, Increase, Its Management and Control, and Contrac-
tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered ; after which
Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising
of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding Back " are taken
up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the
Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Migratory
Bee -Keeping, Out - Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at
Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the
question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases.
The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature,
Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also
chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping, Com-
forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee-
Keeping, etc., etc.,— 32 chapters in all.

Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSOH, Flint, Mich.

116

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Ths • Aspinwall • Hiys.

The Hive for Bees.

Tbe Hive for Bcc- Keepers.

Send for illustrated circular.

ASPINWALL MANUFACTURING CO.,
2 95-4t. Jackson, Mich.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

mMaa\aaMMMUMaawim^iM\^mMu\3MMMU

Names of Bee - Keepers.

TYPE WRITTEN.

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

a m

BBBBBBEieiEiBigBiEiEECiEEBBEBBEBC

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has boon secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A rnanufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2,50
per 1000, but I now liave a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. VV. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

Bees Fronr) tb^ South.

I shall have shipped to New York, from the
South, (via. steamer) during April and May,
cases containing eight frames of capped brood,
well covered with bees. These are just right to
build up colonies.

Per frame, 9iic. each. Three frames, 85c. each.
Eight fram38, 75c. each. Sixteen frames, 70c.
each. Untested queens included for $1.00 extra.
Shippetl from this city, safe arrival guaranteed

(\italoguo of Bees, Queens and Supplies on
ai)plicalion.

I. J. STRINGHAM.

2-95-tf 105 Park Place, N, Y.

Patented May 20, 1870.

i^. i « ., „ . . Bineham & Hetherington ITncapping Knife.

Direct-Draft Perfect PRICES

BINGHAM OF ^

BeeSmoker gjdgjjj^j,

Perfecl Bee - Smofef and Honey Knives,

P.VTlON'ri'l) ;,^7S. l,>-82 Ai\l) IM'li

Doctor., . .M'.; incli St<

('oiiqneror '.'•

Lnrg« '. ■'

Plain :;

Little Wonilor .V^ '■

HoDpy Knife ''

BEST ON EARTH.
The Unci' larger siz'^s have extra wide sliields and double

coileil Htei'l wire handles. These SlIIELDSand HANDLESare

an AMAZlN(i COMFORT -always cool ami clean. The Plain
and Little Wonder have narrow shields and winUiandles AH Bingham Smokers for ISiCi have all the
new improvements, viz : Direct Draft, Bent ('ap, Wire Handles, Inverted Bellows, and are ABSO-
LUTELY PERFECT. All genuine Bingham Knives and Bee Smokers are stamped with date of

ve. per <

OZ

SI2,00 -Mail

*1.75

11 (10 - "

1 .50

"

(i (lO

1 (10

4 75- "

.70

I ..

■A 0')~ "

. 50

7 00- •'

.SO

patent.
2-95-tf

(/irculars sent free

T. F. BINGHAMt Abronia, Michigan.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

117

I GAPiBLE • RELIABLE • PBOMPT • EXCELLENT • CHEAP. I

!lF4raBEBC!P!!!l!3RBRr^irnC!irjBIBiSISClBBI5ISBI!3|fnriEC|f5P!P!riC

THERE are plenty more adjectives that
might be used, but tlie above are suf-
ficient.

Twenty years of experience, the largest fac-
tory of its kind filled with tlie most improved
machinery for the manufacture of HIVES,
SECTIONS, SUPERS, SHIPPING-
CASES. HONEY - BOARDS. ETC.,
ETC., nearness to the pine forests of Wis,,
and an abundance of capital, indicate some-
thing of our capability.

We have customers in almost every town,
and inquiry of any of these will show our re-
sponsibility and methods of doing business;
or reference can be made to any of the ('om-
mercial Agencies, to the Watertown banks, or
the North Western National Hank of Chicago.

Our large stock of lumber and o' finished
goods, and our extensive manufacturing and
shipping facilities enable us to till orders
promptly. 3-95-4t

at:
3fc:

[TIC

aE
^u

^m

mu
mm

i^y

iHE
mm

mm

mm
:^E

:^t;
mm
mm
mm
mm
ae
ae
mm
mm
mm

Our hives are made of soft, white pino, judg-
ment being used in cutting so as not to leave
largo knots or defective places, thus giving an
excellent hive at a low price. Quality consid-
ered, you can scarcely buy in your home lumber
yard such material in the rough, at the cost of
hives bought of us and laid down at your door.
Our sections are of the whitest, winter -sawn
bass wood, carefully sorted and accurately
manufactured

The advantages already mentioned, combin-
ed with the fact that we do a strictly cash bus-
iness, thus losing no bad debts, enable us to
furnish goods cheaper than they can be se-
cured elsewhere when quality is considered.

Hives and sections are shipped in a Parks,
patent basket box which makes a neat, strong
and extremely light package, thus saving
freight, while the box is worth from 25 to 50
cents after the goods are removed.

Send for descriptive price list.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

LOOK! SEEM SEE!!

('. D. DUVALL is in Florida breeding early
queens from his original FIVE-BANDED STRAIN
of Italians which has given such general satis-
faction as

COMB HONEY PRODUCERS,

And can furnish Untested Queens in any quan-
tity from March 1st to April 15th. at $1.00 each ;
six for $"1.00 Write for prices on large lots and
" special " circular .

Dealers supplied at low rates. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Address

C. D. DUVALIi.

(After Apr. 15 and for I 1 Hefore Apr. i.i.J

suppliesi 1 S.\N MATEO, FLA.

8PENCERVILLE, MI) a-95-tf

BEGINNERS.

Beginners shtuild have a copy of the .\mateur
Bee- Keeper, a 70 page book liy Prof. J. W. Rouse.
Price 25c., by mail 2-<c. The little borik and the
Progressive BeeKeeper (a live progressive 28
paije monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO. Hiqginsville. Mo.

12-9.3-12t.

A. I. Root's Goods, at their
i)rices near home. We can save
you Freight. Order early and
secure discounts. 32 page (/ata-
log, free.

JOHN NEBEL&SON,
2-95tr High Hill, Mo.

Pleate mention the Reiiieui,

Golden Italian Queens,

One untested

queen before J

unelst $1.00

Six

"

5.00

One

" after

75

Six "

u n

4.20

One tested

" before

.... 1.50

Six

.4 .1

7..50

One

after

1.00

Six

" "

5.00

One selected tested for breeding, $3.00.

W. H.

WHITE,

2-95-tf

Deport, Lamar Co.. Texas.

Plec

se mention tha

Revieuj.

i/vrite; me:

BEFORE BUYING QUEENS, and get prices

on my

O-oldexi Q-Lieexis,

Bred for business, beauty and gontlenoss.
.J. U. GIVENS,

4-9.VGt

Box ;5, Lisbon, Texas.

THE STH ATTOM

Ainerioan

GUITARS.- MANDOLINES

■ Rf HANDLED SV ALL TME kEiOING WUSlC STONES

la Asn atrdieye Mapre. Mahogany and (9ofle«vooa.
JOHN F STRATTOR & SO^

M usical Merctiandlse.

a9 • 40 walker St.. MEW rORK.

Please mention the Review.

118

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

fiOWWIftGEi

•••.•■'•

OF

0|E-|S€ftPiS.

"VrO sweat steals down the heated cheeks and aching back of the bee-keeper :VJj|*-

as the result of standing in the hot sun puffing, blowing, smoking and V-i'i

and brushing bees ; no time is wasted in these disagreeable operations, and .'v-iV.

no stings received in resentment of such treatment ; the honey is secured free :*«V^

from black or even the taint of smoke ; the cappings are not injured by the .V;i.v

gnawing of bees ; and robbers stand no show whatever. If there are any bro- •?;•-'>.•

ken burr-combs they are cleaned up by the bees inside the hive, before the ?.■?:

honey is removed. Leading bee-keepers use the PORTER escape, and say that ji^i:

without a trial it is impossible to realize the amount of vexatious, annoying, jiiy:

disagreeable work that it saves. The cost is only '20 cts. each, or $2.25 per doz. ;]iijji

As in the past, this escape is manufactured by the Porters, but The A. I. Root '^'J*

•irj Co. has secured control of the sale for this country. Order of your dealer or of "^^

ffl The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. Wl

Mi*.

m^^ii^3%s^m^%?iB9t{^ss^sm¥ii^Bm^

i-pfjj^ journal that is published only at long intervals cannot always finish
' • 1^» up a discussion while it is yet fresh, and interesting to its readers-
In this respect a

bee journal is decidedly superior to a monthly ; besides,
the former is able to report a valuable discovery at once.
so that it may be taken advantage of before the season
is over. In this respect

bee-keepers are the most fortunate of their clas-s. ;:s they
have a weekly bee journal edited by an energetic young
man who calls to his aid the best specialists of tlie coun-
try ; in short, he leaves no stono unturned to niake his

journal stand at the head. Having accomplished this, he of course
wishes that, bee ■ keepers should know and read his paper. With
that end in view, the price of The Weekly American Uee

is placed at only $ .00 per year— no more than is asked

for some of the monthlies - while a 160 page book,

"Bees and Honey," is given free as a premium. For

$1 75 Thk American Bee Journal, '• Bees and Honey," and tlio Keview

will be sent. A "trial trip" ot three months ( 13 weeks ) for only 20 cts.

to new subscribers. Sample copy free. Address

WEEKLY

AA\ER1CAN

BEE

JOURM/VL

V^ GEO. W. YORK 6- CO., 56 Fifth Ave., Cbicago, Ills- i/i

1

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to i\\e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.
W. Z. HOTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. VIIL FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAY, 10. 1895. NO. 5.

Work at IVIioliigaii's

Experimental

^piarv.

B. L. TAYLOB, APIABIST.
WINTEB EXPEKIMENTS.

mHE last men-
T" t i o n e d ex-
periment is of
more than ordi-
nary interest and
impo r tan ce on
account of the
fact that the
ablest and most
experienced bee-
keepers are divi-
ded in their opin-
ions as to the
chief cause of the dysenteric ailment brought
on during confinement in winter ; one party
attributing it to improper food and another
to super-abundant moisture. The colonies
selected for the experiment were taken in-
differently from the apiary and did not dif-
fer greatly from the others either in quality
of their stores or in their numercial strength
except that it would have been difficult to
have found another colony in the apiary as
weak as No. 1, unless it might be among the
four or five abnormal colonies.

I have already alluded to the use of a
hygrometer in the bee cellar during the win-
ter to determine the degree of moisture in

the air, and it should be said in addition that
it showed almost uniformly a difference of
one- half a degree between the dry bulb and
the wet bulb at a temperature of 43° to 45°
which was generally that of the cellar, indi-
cating that the percentage of saturation was
about 9(3, lacking only about four per cent,
of complete saturation. In the case of the
colonies under consideration no effort was
made to determine the degree of saturation
of the air immediately surrounding them by
the use of an instrument, the advisability of
that course not having been suggested early
enough to allow suitable arrangements to be
made for that purpose, but all the indica-
tions were that the saturation of the air was
complete. The cover used for the top hive
was a flat board several inches wider and
onger than the hives, purposely chosen of
that size that it might serve to hold the wet
sheet free from the hives. It was raised a
little from the hive by the insertion of thin
strips and it was found on the removal of
the sheet on the 8th of April, to he loaded as
heavily as possible on its under side with
great drops of water which fairly poured off
when one edge of the cover was raised a lit-
tle. The covers of No. 3 and No. 5, which
were also raised from the hives to give up-
ward ventilation were in like manner loaded
with water, to a equal extent, indeed, with
those of Nos. 2 and 4 which covered their
hives tightly so as to prevent all upward ven-
tilation. The upper surface of the cover to
No. .5 was partly covered with a jelly like
substance having the appearance of the

120

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEVy.

" mother " of vinegar. The inside of the
hives were very damp and in places so wet
that water trickled down. The combs were
damp and to a considerable extent mouldy
outside of the cluster. These hives were all
the new Heddon of two sections each.

It is necessary here to explain that the bees
in the cellar referred to have wintered ex-
ceptionally well. Out of a little less than
150 the loss has been only five and the loss
of these is explained by queenlessness undis-
covered in the fall or by other abnormality
of condition so that it may be affirmed that
they wintered almost perfectly as almost all
rate from strong to very strong in numbers,
and as to health they are in excellent condi-
tion almost without exception, and yet the
hives of a large portion of them — I estimate
from one-third to one-half — show more or
less of what might be taken to be the char-
acteristic marks of dysentery, but these are
always outside the cluster and generally out-
side the hive. It may be that this is an in-
dication of incipient dysentery or diarrhoea
as it is perhaps more generally called. But
I think it will not be questioned that it is
the retention of the fasces that causes the
disease whose effects are to be dreaded, so I
prefer to think that when the temperature is
such that the bees willingly go outside the
hive to respond to the call of nature they
thereby escape even the incipient stages of
the dreaded disease even though the other
conditions are such that they cannot safely
take wing. In other words, flight is not
necessarily essential to a sanitary condition.
Every observant bee-keeper of experience
has noticed, when the sun suddenly breaks
out about the first of June after a storm that
has kept the bees confined two or three days
and the bees rush out, how they may be seen
on all sides sitting on the leaves of the shrubs
and bushes at the same time voiding their
faeces. But this has never been taken for
signs of disease.

This however is not the real question at
issue, but what I have said takfen with what
is to appear further on will enable the reader
to form a judgement as to how the five col-
onies in question wintered in comparison
with those deprived of the luxury of a wet
sheet envelope. The real question is wheth-
er the necessity for the voiding of the fieces
is caused by the high percentage of moisture
in the atmosphere or by something else.
Although in the present case it is claimed
there was only little if any of the disease

known as dysentery present, still it may be
granted that had the conditions been such
that the bees would have felt compelled to
retain their faices indefinitely the disease
would doubtless have been induced thereby.

It will be found difficult, if not impossible,
I think, to find any indication that the con-
ditions within the wet sheet were more favor-
able to the development of the disease than
those outside of it. However, since the rel-
ative humidity of the air outside is so high
that it may with much show of reason be
claimed that the total possible difference be-
tween that outside and that inside the sheet
is not sufficient to warrant an expectation of
any great difference in results. To meet
such a case it may be of use to compare the
results of the past winter with those reached
in wintering bees in the same cellar during
other years.

It can hardly be said that the relative
humidity of the air in a given cellar kept
under like conditions is a very variable
quality taking one year with another and
certainly the humidity of the air in the cel-
lar in question could hardly have been great-
er during the past winter than during previ-
ous winters, for not within the memory of
the living has the ground in this part of
Michigan been so dry during the winter sea-
son as it has during the past winter, never-
theless never during the eight seasons which
have seen this cellar in use have the evi-
dences of the approach of the danger of un-
due accumulation of faeces been more j/en-
erally seen, although in two or three years
many times the damage was done, for though
the cases were comparatively few the real
disease had been induced by undue reten-
tion. As the result of another winter's cam-
paign out of almost two hundred colonies at
most but one colony showed any sign of the
trouble. This question suggests itself:
Which is the more likely, that the humidity
of the air in the cellar or the quality of the
stores possessed by the bees varied from one
year to another ?

I now give a detailed statement of the con-
dition of the five colonies in tabulated form,
upon their removal from the cellar on the
8th of April, together with the weight of
each when placed in the cellar on the 22nd
af November. Little requires to be said here
by way of explanation and I need only state
that the bees of No. 5 voided much excre-
ment on the front of their hive when re-
moved from the cellar which the others did

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

121

not do, and that while I give in one column
the number of comb spaces occupied by the
bees as an indication of strength I have
added another to rectify the other to some
extent based on 1 to 10, 1 meaning weakest,
5 what would be deemed of average strength
and 10 the strongest.

tion with the malady is, that it is contagious.
I do not contend that it is virulently so, and
am not certain that the bacillus Gaytoni can
be transmitted in any other way than by
actual contact of the healthy with the sick
individual. Reliable observers in colder
climates have used the combs taken from an

TABLE A.

Designa'oD
of (,olony.

Weight
Fall, lbs.

Weight
Spring,lbe.

Stores con
sum'd from

Nov. 22 to
Apr. 8, lbs.

Signs of
Excrement

Signs of
Mould.

Spaces

occupied

by bees.

Standing

as to
Strength.

Upward

Ventila.

tion.

No. 1
No. 8
No. :^
No. 4
No. 5

431^
593^

37-M

3S

39

451^

441^

5M

91/2
9

15

little
none
none
some
much

some ' 3
some .5
little 6
much 7
very much 6

2
6
6

7
7

Yes.
No.
Yes.
No.
Yes.

w

Lapeek, Mich., April 19, 1895.

Some Criticisms and Cautions Regarding
Bee Paralysis and Some of the State-
ments That Have Been Made Re-
garding its Character.

T. S. FOKD.

'E are all interested in getting at the
truth in regard to the disease called
bee paralysis. Mr. Bull in a late number of
the Review, takes the position that it is not
contagious. Convinced that this is a dan-
gerous error and calculated to throw the in-
experienced off their guard, the writer feels
it a duty to combat it in the interest of
truth.

Mr. Bull's deductions are all predicated
upon the experience with two infected col-
onies, one of which recovered under the salt
treatment, and the other, having no treat-
ment at all died. Having fed one diseased
colony for weeks on r alted sugar syrup with-
out the slightest benefit, having sprayed
many others with salty water as long and
seen them die, and having used salt in all
sorts of ways without result, I cannot help
thinking that Mr. Bull has had precisely the
same experience with the disease that all of
us have had — seen one colony recover and
the other die — a thing that would probably
have happened if he had not treated the bees
at all. In other words, he has not seen
enough of the disease to enable him to come
to a reliable conclusion as to whether it is
contagious or not. I have watched it for
more than three years, and the only thing
that I do feel real certain about in connec-

infected hive without communicating the
contagion. But Mr. Bull admits that a dis-
eased queen will infect a healthy colony, and
this has been proven by the concurrent ob-
servation of many bee-keepers. Mr. Bull
contends that the queen infects the colony
because she transmits the malady by descent
like consumption and scrofula. The latest
teaching of science on this subject is that
consumption is not hereditary, but is due to
a bacillus which is not inherited, but received
into the lungs from without. And scrofula
is also said to be a form of tuberculosis, and
due to the presence of the same bacillus in
tissue other than the lungs. [See Interna-
tional Journal of Surgery for February
189.'), page 38.] The most scientific physi-
cians in treating a patient with consumption,
take the same precautions to disinfect the
sputa of their patients, in order to prevent
others from contracting the disease, that are
taken in cases of cholera, typhoid fever and
other maladies resulting from a specific
germ. So that if there be any analogy of
the sort suggested by Mr. Bull, between bee
paralysis and consumption, it is in favor of
the idea of contagion.

Mr. Bull's paper is a very interesting one as
showing the danger of buying queens from
breeders who are careless or reckless enough
to sell queens from an infected apiary. I
have suffered from similar carelessness or
recklessness, and my whole purpose in
pressing my views on this subject is to im-
press those of our bee-keeping fraternity
who buy queens, with the necessity of cau-
tion in buying only from those breeders who
will keep the disease out of their apiaries.
There is no such thing as spontaneous gen-

122

TBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

eration of the germs of this disease any more
than spontaneous generation of the germ of
small pox.

I welcome Mr. Bull's article as a timely
one as illustrating the danger of which the
bee journals ought to give warning.

The literature on this subject has lately
been enriched by a most interesting article
in Gleanings, (March 1) from the pen of
Ph. J. Baldensperger, a gentleman who
methodically and systematically watched a
colony of bees infected with bee paralysis
for several months. His experiments led
him to the conclusion that the disease " is
contagious from adult field bee to adult
field bee." If he had taken the queen from
the sick colony and introduced her into a
healthy one as Mr. Bull did, and as has often
been done by others, he would have stated
further that it is contagious from queen to
adult field bee.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown's critique of pending
theories respecting bee paralysis in the same
number of Gleanings, is amusing reading to
Messrs. Poppleton, Dayton, Getaz and oth-
ers who have seen the disease, as all theoriz-
ing must be which ignores known facts. He
says : " If the symptoms be carefully studied
they point to a poisoned condition of the
food taken by the bees * * * rather than
to the theory of the bacillus." And then
Mr. Brown suggests that in many portions
of the South bees are seen swarming on de-
caying water melons, sucking the sour and
fermenting juice, and then he says : " The
efifect of such rottenness on a hive of bees I
can only conjecture." (Gleanings, page 178.)
Now the trouble with this theory, if offered
in explanation of the origin of the disease,
is, that bee paralysis shows itself in its ma
lignant form about the time water melons
are usually planted, and by the time they are
ripe, it is usually gone. And another ob-
jection to the impure food theory is, that
apiaries close by the one infected, where the
bees have the same opportunities to consume
the poisoned good, show none of these
symptoms. Only two of Mr. Bull's colonies
showed the symptoms. And so it always is,
until the disease has gradually spread so as
to infect all the bees in the neighborhood.
Mr. Baldensperger abandoned the poisoned
food hypothesis, when he saw the disease
showing itself in a single hive, surrounded
by others in the normal condition. Dr.
Brown further takes occasion to pronounce
absurd the idea advanced by me in a former

paper, that it might be supposed that the bee
was created with instincts that would lead it
to reject food evolved in the economy of
nature, such as poisonous pollen, nectar, the
juice of fruits and the like, and that it is in-
credible that the bee from such sources
would select food that would carry death and
destruction to the young bees. He remarks
that bees are not all squeamish in their hab-
its ; that he has seen them in very filthy
places. Well we have all noticed their hab-
its in this respect, but that the salts of
animal matter gathered in this way is poi-
sonous to the young bee, does not appear. It
probably supplies some need of the brood,
that we know nothing about. What is un-
wholesome for mankind is not necessarily
so to the bee. Xenophon narrated a remark-
able instance where an army was poisoned
by eating honey. Dr. Brown further under-
takes to criticise and call in question the ac-
curacy of the statement of Messrs. Dayton
and Poppleton to the efifect that very often
the queen of a colony affected by the bee
paralysis is an unusually prolific layer. Dr.
Brown's idea seems to be, that a sick queen
could not possibly be a prolific one. It does
seem a little strange, and on this point there
is some reason in the Doctor's criticism.
But after all, the truth is, that these gentle-
men have the facts on their side, strange as
it may seem. The worst cases that I have
seen were in colonies headed by the most
prolific layers.

The discussion in reference to this suVjject
that has been going on at intervals for the
past year has led me to believe that the dis-
ease is not so virulently infectious as I first
believed. The rapid spread of the infection
through my own apiary may have been due
to tlie fact that my hives were all under one
shelter, and not over a foot apart. Doubt-
less it is a daily occurrance for bees to enter
the wrong hive by mistake and in this way
diseased bees could infect a healthy colony.
And if it spreads by contact as Baldensper-
ger thinks, robber bees in the act of clean-
ing out a diseased colony could get the bacil-
lus, and in this way carry home the seeds of
the malady.

Since I commenced this paper, I have re-
read the articles in Gleanings for March and
noticed for the first time that the editor
headed my paper " Bee Paralysis Heredita-
ry." This is a mistake of the editor, to
which I have written calling his attention.
The head line was furnished by the editor,

TJJ.il BEE-KJ^EPEHS HEi^lJLW

Vti

auU carrius an idea that is inoousisteut with,
or at least is uot coutended for iu the article
itself. The writer is aware that this subject
may be said to be almost threadbare, aud he
makes the editor the judge as to whether
this paper shall uot be consigned to the waste
basket. I am uot a queen breeder, and am
not conscious of any oiher wisli than tliat
the truth shall be made toappear in regard to
this disease, which in my judgment thre t-
ens the bee-keepers of the country witli
more danger of loss than is generally known
or supposed.

Columbia, Miss.

April r>, 1895.

Management Necessary for Securing the
Best Bees.

B. TAYIiOB.

MORE than thirty
years ago 1 be-
gan experimenting
with different meth-
ods of managing
bees, with a view to
tinding the best
method of keeping
the stock vigorous
and the surplus crop
as large as possible.
About fifteen years
later I organized the
method that seemed to give the best results
in a more systematic order. I rearranged
my yard by making a lot of stands of a
proper size to hold two hives. These stands
were made by driving four small cedar stakes
and nailing narrow boards upon them six
inches from the ground. These stands were
placed in a circle one hundred and fifty feet
in circumference. This circle arrangement
worked well, as each stand had an individ-
uality of its own liard to attain in any other
way.

Iu the spring one swarm is placed on each
of the stands, coveretl up warmly, and care
taken that all have plenty of food, then let
alone in quiet except that there is constant
critical observation of outside appearances
to detect any failing colony and give it the
necessary attention.

The first live or six swarms that issue are
hived in brood chambers coutracted to

not more than MCK) inches of comb surface.
The supers of sections that had been put on
the parent colony some time previous are
changed to the new swarm which is then
placed on a new stand some distance from
the parent colony, which, iu the case of tirst
swarms, is left on the old stand. The reason
for leaving them there is ihat we want ihem
to have plenty of bees to finish aud mature
all the queen cells ; for here is the nursery
in which new queens are to be raised to sup-
ply each old colony with a queen after it has
cast a swarm.

After I have started enough nurseries in
this way to supply me with queens, each
8Warm is set where the parent colony stood,
the supers are moved to it, a queen exclu-
ding honey board beiug put under it, and
the parent colony moved to the other end of
the same stand with its entrance turned iu
the opposite direction from ttie new swarm.
I want all the field bees iu the new swarm t <
keep it strong, for it is from these new
swarms that comes eighty per cent, of the
white houey crop.

I can get more white honey by hiving these
new swarms in hives with only starters of
comb foundation in the brood frames, in
theory, 1 do not intend to winter these col-
onies, but to work them for all the surplus
they can be forced to produce, then unite
them in the fall with the parent colonies.
Sometimes, however, in spite of all forcing,
they are in first-class condition, and I select
enough of the best to supply the waste aud
loss that comes each winter.

In a day or two after a swarm issues, the
parent colony is examined by taking out
each comb carefully aud removing all iiueen
cells. (I will say right here that for making
these and all other examinations of the
brood nest, my full brood chamber, wire-end
frame, handy hive by far surpasses all oth-
ers with which I am acquainted, tor I can
remove and return the combs with an ease
and dispatch that is impossible in any other
hive I have tried. I have followed after
false gods for some years, but will wander
no more, as hereafter each swarm will be
hived in these hives. Mr. Editor, I give jou
my word of honor I do not use this language
for any other purpose than because 1 know
it to be the truth.) It is very easy to find
all cells at this time for there are but few
bees, and these young ones that will scarcely
try to fly. When the combs are returned I
stick in a queen cell, taken from the nursery

124

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW,

I have described, that will hatch in a day or
two. The cell is put between the top bars
of the hive directly over the cluster of bees,
because I can examine it by simply raising
the hive cover, and it will hatch just as well
here as in the comb below. Let me say here
that if the queen cells are not cut out of the
combs at all, but the nearly mature cell used
just as described, not one colony in ten will
destroy the introduced cell, but I wish to
make sure, not only that the colony will not
swarm again, but that the introduced cell
furnishes the queen : for this, in my opinion,
is the natural and best method of improving
the bees, within the reach of man. It is the
law of the survival of the fittest to use the
highest type of each kind for parentage ;
and the colony that, under the same condi-
tions, builds up and casts the earliest swarm
has proved its claim to first rank.

The plan outlined will be the one followed
in the future to improve my bees. I will
keep introducing a little fresh Italian or oth-
er desirable blood each year, and will keep
some black stock in the yard, but will not
strive for five-banded, three-banded, gold-
ens, or any other arbritrary standard but
will crown those tha ' excel in good works.

There is another way of using some of the
brood from the medium early swarms.
With all our care, there will always be some
backward colonies at swarming time. In-
deed, this seems necessary in all of nature's
works. I look upon the universe as a
growth ; always unfolding towards a higher
order. I regard creation as going on as
truly to-day as in any former time, and if in
bees and other things there were no differ-
ence, and all colonies were just alike there
would be no starting point from which su-
periority could be detected and utilized,
so we want to build up these backward
colonies by working out inferior blood
and substituting superior, and we take the
brood from our more vigorous colonies, re-
move from the weak colonies th^ combs that
have no brood and fill up the space with sur-
plus brood. This not only improves the
strain of bees but insures reasonably early
swarms. Please remember that by this
method we are not trying to suppress swarm-
ing : we are to accept the fact that swarming
is implanted by nature and that the true
ways of nature are the voice of God which
no wise person will resist or try to injure
when they hear and understand it. I have
tried many plans to prevent swarming but

without profitable results, and I now believe
I can get the best results, not by preventing
but by encouraging swarming and then
properly utilizing it to accomplish certain
aims. I have learned to my cost that there
are other vital interests to consider besides
the current year's sur'2}lus, and one of the
greatest of these interests is the condi-
tion of our colonies for future work. What
does it profit a person that relies on honey
production for a living to gain a big crop
and then lose all his bees ? The parent col-
onies treated as I have described will in the
fall, if there is a fair yield of nectar, and
without which all methods are vain, be
heavy with stores and tilled to overflowing
with young bees. Withotit which successful
wintering is impossible. This method en-
ables us, after we have got as many colonies
as we wish, to control increase, for we are to
unite the prime swarms with the parent col-
onies again in the early fall. This I do by
setting the prime swarm on top of the pa-
rent colony with a queen excluding honey
board between them, having first removed
the old queen. If the new swarm is very
populous I will set the two together without
the honey board and winter them in the two
story hive ; in fact this may be the best in
all cases where the colonies are very strong
in bees. I have learned, however, from
actual experience, that it does not improve
the parent colony to add the bees from the
other colony to it, especially if done late,
and if I could satisfy my conscience I would
kill or abandon to its fate the new swarm
after the brood was hatched and utilized, us-
ing the combs and honey in the mcst desirable
way for wax or for future use ; but I cannot
reconcile my?elf to this cruel work. I know
it is no worse than to raise and kill our do-
mestic and wild animals for food, but I be-
lieve that the person that can enjoy the milk
from his gentle pet cow during her useful
life and then with bloody hands take her life
and enjoy the meat, can do so only because
he is yet a savage. Believing as I do that
all forms of life are related I feel like obey-
ing the command, "thou shalt not kill." I
feel thus not so much from fear of harming
the inferior animals as from fear of blunting
my own better nature.

In my next article I will tell what I have
learned about swarms and hiving them.

FoKESTviLLE, Minn.

April i'2, mm.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

125

Hives and Their Relation to Non-Swarming
and Out Door Wintering.

L. A. ASPINWALL. *

JN the develop-
ment of human
affairs, existing
methods are con-
stantly subjected
to upheaval so long
as they are inade-
(]uate to the re-
quirements under
existing circu m-
stances. As illus-
trations : — "The
irrepressible con -
flict" between slavery and freedom, precip-
itated a civil war, resulting in the emanci-

* L. A. Aspinwall was born Oct. 14, 1842, at
Hastings on the Hudson, New York State. With
his parents he removed to Albany County when
about six or seven yearsof age. His father was
a specialist 'raising fruit and vegetables on his
small farm of thirty acres. An occasional visit
to a neighbor who kept a few colonies of bees
aroused a fascination for them when he was
about ton or eleven years old. In 1854, when
twelve years of age, he, with his savings, pur-
chased his first colony of bees. This, however,
was lost in a month or two, being infested with
moth worms. The following spring another was
purchased, and when sixteen years old, he was
in possession of 25 or 30 colonies of bees, all
managed by the methods set forth in " Quinby's
Mysteries of BeeKeeping Explained," first edi-
tion, 1852. In J858 foul brood began to make
havoc in his apiary ; but with Quinbv's book he
soon learned to combat it successfully. In It'SO
he purchased the right to use the Langstroth
hive, also purchased his (Laiigstroth's) work on
the " Honey Bee." In 1860 lio made the acquain-
tance of Mr. Quinby and constructed a winter
repository to accommodate KX) colonies of bees.
In the same year superseded the box liives. His
movable comb hives were constru'-ted from the
first with eight frames, and wide top bars with
one-quarter inch bee spaces — was not troubled
with burr combs. He also made ^« bottom bars
from which he never changed. In 18(51 pur-
chased an ItaUan queen from Mr. Quinby who
then lived ar St. .Johiisville, tU miles from Alba-
ny. In 1862 had Italianized his entire apiary
which numbered over 40 colonies. In 1.S63 his
apiary numbered 65 colonies. The same year he
discovered a rapid method of introducing
queens, adopted by Mr. (Quinby (see Revised
Edition of Quinby, istir), p.ige ;«0.) In 1861,
when 19 years of age, lie began inventing the
potato planter which occupied a period of 20
years of outlay, study and labor and was the
foundation of the present business. Owing to
the pressure of mechanical work he gave up the
bee business at the age of 25. When 27 years old
he had completed the first successful corn busk-
er in the world, to be opi-ratcid by horse power.
He has since invented the i)otato cutter, potato
sorter, corn and fertilizer attaciimonts for the
potato planter. Has otiicr inventions still in
progress. Wlien 31 years of age he went abroad,
spending six years, ninstly in England. Nine
years ago lieagain took up bee culture. Has ex-
perimented upon the previ'iition of swarming,
improved method of wintering, and many otlier
important requirements.

pation of the slaves. Religious toleration is
the result of terrible upheavals. The un-
balanced condition between labor and capi-
tal will continue to engender strife until
equal advantages accrue to both. Also in
the mechanical world, struggle precedes the
complete invention. There are no excep-
tions ; methods and requirements must be
commensurate before perfection is attained.

The subject under consideration recalls
the constant agitation (discussion) relative
to hives. The question as to the number of
frames, deep or shallow, thick or thin walls,
packed or air spaces ; all demonstrate the
absence of an all-purpose hive.

In the progress of invention, we generally
find imperfect contrivances being worked
through excessive labor and skill in order to
obtain the desired results. The lack of per-
fection also calls for different systems of
management to meet the requirements under
different circumstances ; hence, complica-
tion and a lack of uniformity, both of which
foster a condition of unrest. In the mean-
time men are constantly gleaning from the
field of opportunity until the desired end is
obtained ; overcoming the necessity for ex-
cessive labor and technical work ; producing
results which astonish the world.

We have been stuffed with theories rela-
tive to the shape and number of frames for
outdoor wintering, when, really, among
other requisites, a condition of warmth (if
it can be maintained), would settle the
question. I do not wish to be understood as
saying that all frames possess equal advan-
tages in wintering ; but with a condition of
warmth, success will attend the use of either
deep, shallow or square frames provided the
area is sufficient for ample stores. The in-
ability to maintain sufficient warmth for out-
door wintering has necessitated the use of
cellars and special repositories. However,
there are inherent objections to indoor win-
tering which cannot be overcome ; such as
long confinement, attention necessary in
the matter of ventilation, and governing the
temperature ; also handling the colonies
twice a year.

The number of frames for successful win-
tering, even with the strongest colonies,
never should exceed eight. We seldom fitid
a colony occupying more than five comb
spaces during winter weather. It being im-
possible for bees to change ranges of comb
during the continuance of extremely cold
weather, like the past winter, demands not

126

THE BEE-KEEPERS xi^ .'

not less than four or five pounds of food ad-
jacent to each comb space. Outside the
cluster we have an equivalent to three combs
which should contain sufficient honey for
breeding until the flowers yield a supply.
An average of four and a half pounds per
comb would give 34 lbs. ; ample to support
any colony between the autumn and spring
flowers. Thirty-five pounds in eight frames
is more favorable to successful wintering,
than the same amount in ten or more frames.

Although deep or square frames will best
accommodate the queen when laying, also
maintain a proper contour of the brood nest,
yet, with strong, well-wintered colonies, and
the condition of warmth maintained, breed-
ing will keep pace with the season even in
shallow frames. We must bear in mind that
until the combs become crowded with bees
and brood, the advantages of deep or square
frames are more theoretical than otherwise.
Previous to a crowded condition of the col-
ony, the queen is less impeded in her duties,
and the daily requisition in laying is much
below her ability.

Of course, in determining the shape of
frames, the question of supering surface
must be taken into consideration. Here, I
think the majority of our most intelligent
bee-keepers agree that the length should ac-
commodate four rows of standard sections ;
if not, the supering surface will be insuf-
ficient in good localities and good seasons.
I take this opportunity to urge beginners in
bee culture to adhere to the Langstroth
frame in length, whatever depth be adopted ;
as any change to shallow frames can readily
be made if desired. This will enable us to
maintain a standard length.

I am exceedingly enthusiastic over a suc-
cessful method of out-door wintering. My
experiments the past two winters have dem-
onstrated its superiority over that of cellars
or special repositories. I speak from ex-
perience, having wintered from sixty to
seventy colonies in a special repository, an-
nually for a series of years with scarcely any
loss. (With the editor's permission I will,
through the columns of the Review for
August or September, give an illustrated
description of the out- door method.) Un-
less my enthusiasm in it blinds my judg-
ment, I predict that the Langstroth depth
will be maintained as a standard North as
well as South. It is certainly a desirable
summer frame, and if made to serve in win-
tering, will become still more popular.

Although the size, shape and number of
frames have also been thoroughly discussed
relative to the production of a maximum
amount of comb honey, I believe that noth-
ing short of a non-swarmer will determine
the question. The present excessive manip-
ulation practiced to prevent swarming, often
seriously interferes with the working of the
colony. At times they seem to sulk, and
absolutely refuse to store honey. Between
swarming, and the restricted impulse, a crop
of comb honey is rendered very uncertain in
seasons below the average. Under such cir-
cumstances, it is not strange to find experi-
menters endeavoring to determine whether
any advantage may be found in eight or ten
frames, deep or shallow, storifying, etc. My
experience with non-swarmers the past sea-
son has fully convinced me, that colonies up-
on eight frames of brood — populous beyond
that of swarming — and having no desire to
swarm ; are capable of storing a good sur-
plus when swarming colonies, or those un-
der a restricted impulse, will store little or
nothing. With non-swarming hives the
crowded condition is obviated ; the queen is
not impeded in her work of laying, and as a
result the combs are more uuiformly filled
with brood. The laying capacity of most
queens seldom exceeds eight frames pre-
vious to the clover flow in this locality. In
many of mine but six or seven were filled
with brood, although a few were ready to
cast swarms during fruit bloom. These, af-
ter removing the outside combs, and pre-
pared as non-swarmers were kept solid with
brood throughout the season. The queen
being unimpeded in her work, more bees
were i)roduoed from seven combs than could
otherwise iiave been from eight or nine in
swarming hives.

With a non-swarmer, I doubt very much
whether large hives will prove the most prof-
itable. The number of exceptionally pro-
lific (jueeus are usually balanced by those
colonies which, from various causes, are re-
tarded in breeding. I furnish these extra
strong colonies witl> additional frames con-
taining full sheets of foundation as required
— (I use an expansive hive.) Just previous
to the general honey flow, if sufliciently
warm, brood from these is given to the
weaker ones, again reducing the strong col-
onies to eight frames.

Although in 18G0 I made my first eight-
frame hives, my experiments the last two
years, both as to wintering, and with non-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

127

\

swarmers, have cauped me to regard that
iiunil)er with increased favor.

My experiments with non swarmers the
coming season will also be to test the rela-
tive merits of deep and L. frames in such
hives.

In further treating this subject, I shall
leave the matter of double walls, packed or
otherwise, for consideration in the article on
my improved method of wintering.

Jackson, Mich. April 2, ISDf).

Notes From Foreign Journals.

r. L. THOMPSON.

I,

LEIPZIGEB BIENENZEITUNG.

LUDWIG argues for bottom ventila-
. , tion on the ground that the air arising
from the cluster, containing water vapor and
other injurious elements, is changed fast
enough by gradual cooling and consequent
sinking, and displacement from above by a
constant fresh supply of heated air, while at
the same time it does not change fast enough
to lose an undue proportion of heat, as is apt
to be the case with top ventilation when it
gets very cold. A winter space below the
frames he considers highly desirable for a
cooling reservoir to bring about the proper
rate of change of air.

Curl Kruger asserts that carbonic acid gas
need never be taken into account in provid-
ing for ventilation. In this respect a hive is
comparable to our own sleeping apartments,
in which, even when closed and the air ap-
parently charged with it, the proportion of
carbonic acid never attains to one per cent.,
and this does not occupy only the lower por-
tion of the atmosphere, but is diffused
throughout, owing to the principle of the
diffusion of gases. The symptoms of dis-
comfort, headache, and fainting are due to
the diffusion of volatile fatty acids given off
by the body, known as " autotoxins " or self-
poisons. These exhalations are rapidly ab-
sorbed by any porous material, and espec-
ially by water. Hence the superiority of
straw to wooden hives ; and hence care
should be taken that candied sugar for win-
ter feeding is melted by warmth and not by
the moisture from inner precipitations, and,
in general, that no such precipitations be al-
lowed. As far as keeping the air pure is
concerned, the position of the entrance
makes no difference. Namerous experi-

ments on dogs, rabbits, etc., with the water
precipitated on the " windows " of German
hives have shown that it is a violent poison.

A. von Rauschenfels contributes a brief
synopsis of extensive experiments made by
Dr. Tesselsky. A Polish physician. Baron
von Berlepsch long ago affirmed that a col-
ony, the walls of whose hive were damp, was
suffering from thirst, while a colony in a dry
hive had water enough. Dr. Tesselsky's ex-
periments confirm this view.

Three grammes of honey taken from
sealed cells absorbed only ..580 grammes of
water in 24 hours from air warmed to a tem-
perature of 8G° F. while three grammes of
the same honey exposed to air containing
the same absolute amount of moisture, but
cooled to W°, absorbed 1.527 grammes in 24
hours. Other experiments with air which
had been cooled as much as possible (how
much is not said) gave 1.0.32 gr. as the
amount absorbed by 3 gr. of honey when the
air was warmed to 86°, and 2.7 gr. when
cooled to 50°. In the dry air of an ordinary
living room, however, at a temperature of
61°, 3 gr. of honey lost .04 gr. of water. Five
gr. of honey, suspended in a cluster of bees
at a constant temperature of 50°, absorbed
3.068 gr. of water in 24 hours, as the average
of three experiments. In another case the
same quantity absorbed 4.205 gr. in 48 hours.
The conclusions drawn are that as the bees
always keep some honey uncapped in winter,
a little in advance of their needs, consider-
ably more than half its weight of water is
absorbed by it (as a larger surface is exposed
than was possible in the experiments) so
that not enough is left, ordinarily, to become
visible as precipitation ; that as an average
colony consumes 1/i grammes of honey in 24
hours, they thus procure for themselvfes a
daily allowance of 10 grammes of water ;
and in exceptional cases, that when the tem-
perature rises too high, none is absorbed,
and the bees suffer from thirst, which they
have to satisfy either by taking up the pre-
cipitations or venturing an out-door flight.
Hence the temperature should not be allowed
to rise above 4G", or else the bees should be
watered.

Hives covered with pasteboard, painted
when set outside, are in successful use by
many Swiss bee-keepers.

A correspondent computes that a linden
tree during its lifetime yields over $70 worth
of honey, while its timber is worth about
.flO. Forestry associations please notice.

128

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Bienen-Vateb.— W. Vogel, at the Vienna
convention, asserted that honey-dew is not
an excretion, but a secretion, of plant lice.
The salivary and digestive system are devel-
oped to an extraordinary degree. The ex-
crement is voided in the usual way ; the hon-
ey-dew is excreted through the so-called sap
tubes, soon after the chyle leaves the stom-
ach. These assertions were not disputed by
the convention, but his other statement, that
no honey-dew was gathered by bees which
was not a product of plant-lice, was denied
by Julius Steigel, who had cleansed trees of
lice and brushed them with lime in winter
without stopping the flow of sap. This flow,
though caused by plant-lice, can not be call-
ed their product ; but he claimed that it is
gathered by bees, and may rightly be called
honey-dew. Dr. Dzierzon took the ground
that raw sap cannot be transformed into
honey-dew without plant-lice.

At this convention, W. Gunther stated that
he had crossed the Egyptian and German
races and found that the resulting hybrids,
unlike the German-Italians, did not revert
to one of the parent types after three or four
generations. He had also crossed the Cy-
prians with the Germans. Their progeny
strongly resembled Italians, particularly in
their tendency to cling to the combs.

Several members cited examples of isola-
ted apiaries which had degenerated. In two
cases fresh blood was introduced, with strik-
ing results for the better,

W. Gunther stated that after years of ex-
perience he had found that Italian queens
were not as long-lived as black ones, and
that Italian colonies more frequently died in
winter ; hence he prefered a cross between
them.

L' Apicultbuk.— M. de Lay ens in 1894 chose
12 strong colonies, which he divided into two
lots of six each ; from one lot was made
three artificial swarms by the following
method : Denoting two colonies by A and
B, the bees of B were given empty frames
(sometimes frames partly filled with worker
comb, from which drone comb had been cut
out)together with one frame of brood and
one of honey ; the remaining combs of B
where then placed in a new hive C, which
was placed on the stand of A, the latter being
removed elsewhere. C thus received the
field bees of A. . This was done when the
bees were flying freely. The second lot of
six colonies was allowed to remain as they
were. They did not swarm. The following

table gives the resulting surplus of each
lot: —

Lot 2.

Lot, 1.
B.

Swarms.
31

18
22

71 lbs.

v..

Old Col.
43

24

S:7

94 lbs.

A.
Col. removed.

42
36
37

105 lbs.

47

29
41
SO
32
34

213 lb 8
Total of lot 1, 270 lbs. Difference in its
favor, 57 lbs., or 9^ lbs. to the colony, be-
sides three new colonies.

In another apiary he selected 20 strong
colonies, which he divided into two equal
lots and treated as above. None of the sec-
ond lot swarmed.

Lot 1. Lot 2.

c ^- < • A.

b warms. Old Col. Col. removed. 40

32 14 31 27

23 32 as 28

11 26 22 40

26 29 22 30

16 22 45 37

— — — 41

107 lbs. 123 lbs. 138 lbs. 22

26
28

319 lbs

Total of lot 1, 308 lbs. Difference in f avo r
of lot 1, 49 lbs. or 4,9 lbs, to the colony, be-
sides five new colonies.

The swarms were made about twelve days
before the main flow. It is to be presumed
that extracted honey was produced. M. de
Layens also tried the same plan in 1893 with
similar results. It would be interesting to
know what kind of queens were raised by 0.

A correspondent winters his bees success-
fully by kneading four parts of powdered
sugar with one of warm honey, spreading
with a rolling-pin, and placing the cake on
the frames over the cluster.

L'Apiooltoee.— Dr. Metelli, speaking of
the idea that some bee-keepers have that one
story of deep frames for the brood chamber
of the Berlepsch hive is preferable to two
stories of small ones, says it is wholly theo-
retical to suppose that two bars and a bee-
space are an obstacle either to the queen or
bees, and not borne out by practice ; and
calls attention to the way in which the bees
work in separatord section supers, which
are perfect labyrinths.

Dr. Dubini not only makes a practice of
hiving the swarm on the old stand, and re-
moving the old colony to a new one, but also
sets the old colony on the stand of another
strong colony which has not swarmed, re-
moving the latter.

iHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

120

Dr. Dubiui favors bottom ventilation and
sealed covers, with a cusliion above tlie cov-
er. The winters of northern Italy, from re-
ports, cannot be called mild.

It seems that Gravenhorst, according to
Dr. Dubiui, has the idea that the mixing of
bees from different queens makes them work
better. Gravenhorst in the spring, in order
to accomplish this, removes a frame of brood
from liive No. 1 and gives it to No. 2, anoth-
er from No. 2 which he gives to No. I?, and
so on, giving the last frame removed to No.
1. A man who, like (irovenhorst, believes
in handling hives rather than frames, must
consider the principle of some value to go to
all that trouble.

The Guazzoni foundation press, much like
the Rietsche, is figured and described. It is
made of aluminium. The size for the stand-
ard Italian frame weighs about 3% pounds
and costs about $7.0(). The wax is formed in
a melted condition. ( )ne form is provided
with two handles and plunged slightly open
in a bath of wax then closed, withdrawn and
plunged into cold water, like the plaster
casts described by Mr. Woodley in the Re-
view for last April.

The " raking " of bees, by some consider-
ed a sign of swarming, has several times
been observed by Dr. Dubini after swarming
time.

Ajjvada, Colo. March .S, 1895.

In What Way Shall Commission Men Give

Quotations on Honey T

Two or three times I have received complaints
that J. A. Shea <fe Co., of Minneapolis, Minn.,
were quoting honey too high. These complaints
have been sent to them, and they reply as fol-
lows : Ed.

Minneapolis, Minn., March G, 18%.

Editok Bee-Keepeks' Review — Deak Sik :
— Your letter under date of March 4th re-
ceived and carefully noted. Very glad in-
deed that you called our attention to the
matter of complaints, as this is a matter
which we are at all times pleased to answer,
and, if possible, rectify.

We are and have been very careful in
handling shipments of honey to realize for it
all it is possibly worth. Furthermore, we
solicit consignments of fancy honey only,
and from men who thoroughly understand
putting it up and shipping it in first-class
shape. We do not remember of having a
complaint of poor sales on honey for nearly
five years.

Now, as to the quotation, we herewith en-
close you our latest price-current, which is
an official report and published by the daily
Market Record, and which quotations are on
round lots. These prices are made at the
exchange every day, on butter, eggs, cheese,
poultry, beans, peas, potatoes, honey and, in
fact, these quotations apply to everything in
the produce line, and are made upon the
selling basis at the Exchange. Now, you
will notice honey is quoted here at its high-
est price Wc. We have one brand of honey
we are getting Kic. for. In this lot we pur-
chased ;5(X) cases from Grant Brothers, Hud-
son, Wis., and it is a strictly fancy line of
goods ; occasionally we get as high as 17c.
for it. If you will notice, in this quotation
there is a dark honey quoted at 9c., but the
best you can do in this market on the cheap-
est honey is 10c. per pound in a jobbing way
and it is retailing for lie. There is no very
poor honey in the market. Probably about
fifty cases all told of the dark honey and
about 500 cases of choice to fancy white, of
which we control about 350 cases. It now
appears that the market will clean up very
soon and prices go a little higher. The small
supply of honey in this market, if the same
were in responsible hands, those who under-
stood the situation, and knew how to ad-
vance honey to its actual value, would
easily bring 17 to 173^c. The trouble is and
has been, in this market there are too many
small dealers in the business soliciting con-
signments and cutting the life out of things.
We bought about 100 cases of honey a few
days ago, in order to get it out of the way
and ofiE of the market so as not to be com-
pelled to meet with the low prices, of as fine
honey as you ever saw at lie, at the same
time this should not be quoted as the market,
as we got it from a gentleman who wanted
to turn it and get the money, and made it a
cash transaction. We do not know who the
gentleman is that complains of our high
quotations, but there has not been a time
when we quoted prices that we could not sub-
stantiate.

While this subject is up we would like to
ask you for the following information, and
that is this : There are always two prices.
Say, for instance, we quote honey in the
country at 16 to 17c., while the same goods
sell in the city to the jobbing trade at 15c.
Do you want the lowest quotations or what
the stuff is actually sold for ? If we received
a consignment of fancy honey and sold it to

130

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIJL^.

the trade at 16 or 17c., in making sales, pro-
ducers have a right to learn the price at
which we sold it, and that would be the
market value. It is customary among com-
mission merchants to put upon their goods,
consigned or otherwise, a price — a market
price to the retail grocery trade. If the job-
bers and commission merchants, who pick
up odds and ends to fill country orders with,
make them a lower price, from Ic. to \}^c.
and sometimes 2c. lower, we think it proper
to make sales that way.

However, we will quote you lower prices
than we have been doing heretofore, in order
to rectify this matter. If you desire, you
might change fancy dark honey to 10c. al-
though we are getting 12c. for our fancy
dark. There is no common dark honey in
the market at present.

Yours very truly,

J. A. Shea & Co.

[The figures the bee-keepers want given in
quotations are those that they may expect to
realize for honey if sent to the market from
whence come the quotations. Exceptional
prices are not wanted. If from some com-
bination of circumstances a lot of honey
is sold at a low price, the figure should not
be given as the market price. Neither
should the price occasionally obtained for
an unusually tiue lot of honey be given as
the market price. When a man sees fancy
white honey quoted in Minneapolis at 17 cts
he naturally expects that his honey will bring
that price if sent there. Each dealer should
give the average price at which he is selling
each grade of honey. It will be seen from
the date of the above letter that it was re-
ceived in March, but it was impossible to
make room for it sooner. — Ed.]

Which Has the Greater Influence, the Queen

or the Bees, in Determining the Amount

of Brood ?

F. L. THOMPSON.

WAS much interested in the articles of
Messrs. Boardman and Doolittle reprint-
ed in the March Review. But it does not
seem to me to be absolutely, satisfactorily
proved, by any writer on the subject, that
with proper hives and proper attention,
queens will not average more than eight
frames of brood before the flow. There is
Dr. Tinker, and E. France ; are their local-

ities (in spring) exceptional ? Messrs.
Boardman and Doolittle have brought for-
ward very strong arguments, but they do not
strike me as being "irrefutable" for the
reason that they concern themselves with
the queen, and not with the already existing
population, which latter may be the more
important factor in breeding ; and the fact
remains that their experience with hives
especially qualified for the greatest possible
amount of brood in spring has not been ex-
tensive, and they have never seriously set
themselves to work to see what could be done
in that direction o7i the average.

Two years ago in April I dug out and
transferred a wild swarm from an abandon-
ed skunk-hole. The capacity of the hole,
which was completely filled with comb, prob-
ably exceeded 16 L. frames. They then had
an amount of brood equivalent to six solid
L. frames, and the colony had to be divided,
because it was simply impossible to get all
the bees in oneS-frame L. hive, or anywhere
near it. This was very nearly the time of
year when our colonies are weakest. Ex-
ceptional ? yes, but afterwards that same
queen would have been taken for a very ordi-
nary queen indeed, judging from the amount
of her brood. I always think of her behavior
in and out of the skunk-hole, when reading
arguments for the 8-frame size ; and I agree
with Mr. Crane, that this is a legitimate sub-
ject for the experiment stations. It has not
been proved which has the greater influence
the queen, or the bees, in determining the
amount of brood.

Abvada, Colo. March 24, 1895.

[It is true that the building up of a colony
in spring is not entirely dependent upon the
queen. The queen may be the best in the
world, if the bees are weak in numbers the
colony will build up slowly at first. But
there really seems to be something needed
aside from numbers to enable a colony to
produce a large quantity of brood. I have
seen many colonies come out of winter quar-
ters quite populous yet they would rear only
a small amount of brood and be entirely out-
stripped by other colonies that were quite
weak in numbers in early spring. .Just when
it is the queen that is at fault, and when it is
the bees, may be a little difficult to decide,
but one thing is certain, and that is, here in
our Northern States, where the main harvest
comes early and is of short duration, the
hives must be of such capacity that they will
become filled with brood by the opening of

THE BEE-KEKrEKH' REVIEW.

131

M'

the Imrvest, regardle&s of what may be the
causes that operate for or against this coii-
suuiuiation. Id the case meutioued by Mr.
Thompsou it is evident that the earth sur-
rounding the brood nest enabled the bees to
keep the temperature even and at a high
point, thus favoring the production of a
large quantity of brood. For the same rea-
son it was probably an aid in successful win-
tering.— Ed.]

When Bees Gather No Honey for Ten Months
Large Hives Are a Necessity.

ENTHUSIASTIC.

' Y first eight years as a bee-keeper were
passed in experimenting with hives ;
and, as this very important question as to
the proper size of the brood chamber is now
being one of the special discussions in the
leading bee journals it may not be out of
place for me to give some of my early ex-
perience along this line.

How well do I remember the little hives I
first made and the caution and remon-
strances of an old bee-keeper, who once
made me a visit, at the folly of constructing
such small hives ; and it turned out as my
friend had predicted.

These hives that I first made, and used for
four years, were 1('> inches long, 14 inches
ends and 11 inches deep and were of the
same capacity as seven standard Langstroth
frames.

The greatest trouble with these small hives
was that they did not contain sufficient stores
to last the bees from the time that the honey
flow stops in the fall until it commences
again. Here in central New York no honey
is gathered from August 2.")th until the mid-
dle of the following June, or about ten
months, and, unless feeding was promptly
and regularly attended to the bees would die
of starvation. There may be a few locations
in our broad land where a hive of the capac-
ity of seven standard L. frames will meet all
the requirements and give as good results as
one of nine or ten frames, but I have failed
to find such, and my travels since my bee-
keeping experience began, have extended
through W, States from Maine to Mexico.

After using these small hives for four
years I began to see the need of a larger
hive, so I made some of about the capacity
of eight standard L. frames. I found these

an improvement, but still too small to meet
the reijuirements.

My next step was to build KM) hives in
which the brood chamber contained twelve
frames 1(! inches long by (j)4 inches deep.
For producing comb honey and wintering
bees perfectly out of doors in this cold cli-
mate these hiven have never been equaled,
but they were too expensive and not as handy
in raising extracted honey.

Previous to this I had made and used sev-
eral hives with frames 20 inches long and
only 3I4 inches deep ; and I had no trouble
in wintering and getting good yields of hon-
ey, but the hives were not practical and were
discarded.

Seven years ago I constructed 100 stand-
ard L. hives to hold nine frames. Since
that time I have experimented with all sizes
of brood chambers from five-frames up to
the full capacity (nine frames) and am fully
convinced that for my location and method
of management that a brood chamber that
at all times contains nine standard L. frames
is the best, and I have discarded everything
else in the shape of hives. With this capac-
ity of brood chamber I am saved the trouble
of feeding in the fall or spring^no little
trouble when one has hundreds to go over —
and when 1 close up the season's work and
every colony at the last of August has sixty
pounds of sealed well ripened pure honey,
nd nine full combs to go in winter quarters,
just as sure do I know that they are all right
until the season opens again. If my hives
have too much honey left over at the com-
mencement of the honey harvest I can quick-
er remove it than be bothering with feeders.

Bee-Keepers' Review.'

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

w. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Promietor.

Teiims : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90; three for $2.70; five for $1.00; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is (ienired to have the Kevikw
Htopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN. MAY 10. 1895.

Mk. Chas. Dadant has just been called
upon to mourn the loss of his dear wife.
She died May J5rd, after an illness of several
months. She was 73 years old.

132

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Eight Extka Pages this month — caused
by advertising patronage.

Db. J. P. H. Bbown will hereafter have
charge of the Southern Department in the
American Bee Journal.

The Pbogbessive has a full page cut and
a full page description of the apiary of E. T.
Flanagan, Belleville, Ills.

Bbo. Holtebmann, of the C. B. J., has
been appointed lecturer in apiculture at the
Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. He
has also been appointed to conduct a series
of experiments in apicluture.

Beo. Alley of the Api. has favored the Re-
view with a sample of his combination
queen-trap and swarm-catcher. As the lat-
ter it is probable as good as any of similar
devices — as the former it is at the head.

The Pbaotioal Bee-Keepeb, of Tilbury,
Ont., Canada, has been sold, together with
the supply business of its owner, to the
Goold, Shapley and Muir Co., of Brantford.
One bee journal is about all that Canada
will support, but one good one is better than
several poor ones.

Db. J. P. H. Beown does not consider the
queens that are now imported from Italy as
superior to our home-bred queens. He says
that the imported queens average much
lighter in color than they did years ago. He
also says that during the furor for Cyprians
they were introduced into Italy and have
probably crossed with the Italians.

Feeding Honey to bees to have it stored
in sections is a branch of bee-keeping that
must be learned, just as much so as queen
rearing. C. W. Dayton writes to the Fro-
(jresaive giving some of his experience in
feeding a ton of honey for this purpose. He
very truly says : " It is one thing to get
bees to take an amount of stores, but it is
another to have it stored cleanly and per-
fectly in salable shape, and with the least
waste, and retain in the bees a disposition
to continue the work." This last is a great
point. Every little while some one tries
feeding back honey, either to raise comb
honey right out and out, or to secure the
completion of uniiniBhed sections, and the

report is usually one of failure. The trouble
is lack of " knowing how." Friend Dayton
says that when extracted honey is six cents a
pound and comb honey fourteen, there is
little or no profit in feeding. That depends,
friend D.

The Nobth Amebic an, as we all know,
will hold its meeting this year in Toronto,
Canada, during the Industrial Fair in Sep-
tember. Bro. Holtermann has already se-
cured the auditorium of the Normal school
as a place for holding the meeting. It is
none too soon now to begin thinking about
a programme, and I would be thankful if
bee-keepers would write to me and suggest
topics that they would like to have on the
programme. I would consider it a favor if
the other journals would copy this notice.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Secretary.

Weak Colonies should not be united until
ten days before the clover harvest, says C. J
A. Hatch in Gleanings. Even then he would M
select the best of the weaker ones and make
them strong by adding brood from those
that are still weaker. When there are
Bwarms, they are hived on the old stands and
the combs of brood in the old hives are
given to the weak colonies that have been
robbed of their brood. The first uniting A
puts some of the weak colonies in shape to ^
store surplus from white clover, and the last
plan makes them all in shape to do excellent
work on basswood. Strengthening weak
colonies early in the spring by taking brood
from strong colonies has been about aban-
doned. It ruins the strong colonies for
work in the early harvest and does not make
the weak ones strong enough to be of value.

1i*11*U>i**1l*>»

APIS DOESATA MIGHT BE OF VALUE IN THIS
OOUNTBY.

Frank Benton contributes to the American
Bee-Keeper a long and interesting article on
Airis Dorsata, in which he takes the ground
that even though they are larger than our
ordinary bees, there are blossoms of suf-
ficient size to allow them to gather honey,
and he feels certain that in the sub-tropical
portions of our country they would establish
themselves and thrive. They gather quan-
tities of fine honey and produce excellent
wax, but what they would do in other parts
of the country, and under cultivation, he
does not pretend to know. He knows that
he can handle them with perfect ease, and

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

133

that they are loug-lived, but whether they
cluster like our hive-bees and maintaiu the
proper temperature when it is cold outside
he does not know positively. The drones
are about the same size as our own, and it is
possible but not probable, that they would
mate with our queens. He thinks it worth
while for the government to make an at-
tempt at their importation.

Advebtisements have been gotten up at
the Review office during the past mouth for
the A. I. Root Co., Aniericun Bee Journal,
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Canadian Bee
Journal, J. B. Case, J. K. W. Shaw & Co.,
and others. If there is any other advertiser
that would be pleased to have me re-set his
advertisement, setting it up just as I would
for myself, I shall be pleased to hear from
him. I am working hard, both by taking
extra pains in getting up attractive adver-
tisements, and by sending out large numbers
of the Review as samples, to increase the
value of the Review as an advertising
medium, and now if its readers will second
my efforts by mentioning the Review when
answering an advertisement I shall be grate-
ful indeed.

AIB AS A OONDUCTOK OF HEAT.

E. R. Root still contends that a dead-air
space (so-called) is just as good to prevent
the transmission of heat as is the same tilled
with some packing material. He says that
air pure and simple is the best non-conduc-
tor of heat. The latter assertion I cannot
oppose because I xion't know the conducting
powers of different substances. Perhaps he
does not mean that air is a better non-con-
ductor than any substance —asbestos, for
instance. The main point that I wished to
make is just here ; every little while some-
body will say that dead-air is just as good as
packing if the space could only be sealed up
hermetically so that there would be no cir-
culation. The point that I wished to bring
oat was the fact that there is a circulation
even if the space were hermetically sealed.
It is not necessary for the air to pass out of
a space and be replaced by other air, in or-
der to have a circulation : as I explained
before, the air in contact with the heated
surface becomes warmed and rises and the
air against the cool suiface becomes cooled
and settles, and this brings about a circula-
tion even inside a space that is hermetically
sealed. If any one doubts this, let him blow

a whiff of smoke near the inside of a window
in a warm room when the outside tempera-
ture is pretty low, and see how quickly the
smoke settles, thus showing that as the air is
cooled it drops down. It is possible that the
packing material used may be so much bet-
ter conductor of heat than is the case with
air that more heat would be lost when pack-
ing is used, even if the circulation is pre-
vented. On this point I must admit that " I
don't know."

■•M-mfM^-u^^rm^

SPECIALTY AND THE FUTUEE OF BEE-KEEPING

From the reading of an editorial in the
last issue of the Quarterly, one would be led
to believe that the editor of the Review had
lost faith in specialty, and preferred bee-
keeping as a side-issue, or believed that it
would be better to follow it in that path. My
faith or belief in the advantages of specialty
are just as great as ever, but if there are no
blossoms, or if there are blossoms and they
don't secrete nectar to amount to anything,
the more of a specialist a man is the worse
he is off. The editor of the Canadian Bee
Journal publishes a table showing the num-
ber of square miles in nine European coun-
tries, and the number of colonies per square
mile kept in each country. The number
varies from one colony per square mile in
Russia to 18.00 per square mile in Holland ;
while in Ontario, Canada, there are only .74
of a colony per square mile. I don't know
as the number of colonies per square mile
either argue ■; for or against specialty, but
these tables show that in some old countries
a large number of bees per square mile may
be kept. Perhaps in our own country, twice
as many colonies might be kept as are now
here and yet the yield per colony remain the
same. But when the yield per colony is
only two or three ounces, or nothing, or we
have to feed to keep the bees from starving,
numbers don't help much. I don't think
that bee-keeping is going to the dogs, but
there are places where it can no longer be
followed successfully as a specialty, where
the returns are too uncertain, and I see no
good in trying to make it appear otherwise.

THE VEBSATILITY OF THE EDITOB.

I think that E. E. Hasty is one of the best
critics that we have. He does not simply
praise, he is fair, and when he has occasion
to point out errors he does it in such a way
one's feelings are not hurt.

134

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

I presume that in the fore part of the year
the Review did contain some typographical
errors. Perhaps it would be better to say,
more than it usually contains, for, while I
try hard to keep them out, they do occasion-
ally creep m. For several months the Re-
view had been two or three weeks behind,
and at the beginning of the year I set out to
" catch up," and about the same time Grippe
tried to catch me, and partly succeeded, just
enough to make me feel miserable, and I
have read proof when it seemed as though I
would not recognize an error if I saw it.
When any one takes the pains to print out
his copy as friend Hasty does, it is a little
hard to have one's jokes spoiled by typo-
graphical errors.

Now, as to this more serious charge, or
hint, that the editor may be lof^ing his love
for bee-keeping, if Bro. Hasty had known
me as well as I know myself, he would be
surprised that, with all the discouragements
that bee-keepers have had to face of late, I
have clung to my chosen profession as long
as I have. Instability, or versatility or a
desire to investigate and try new things, and
to abandon old things, was a strong trait
with me even in boyhood. If I were making
some "machine," and lacked material, I
would destroy all the other "machines" I
had ever made if by so doing I could secure
the material that I desired. I was complete-
ly carried away with whatever I was inter-
ested in, and everything else became as noth-
ing. I was inclined to begin a job of work
with quite a iiourish of trumpets, but if I
lost interest in it before it was finished, con-
siderable pressure had to be brought to bear
to induce me to bring it to completion.
This disposition made it very difficult for me
to decide what business I would follow. So
many things were so intensely interesting.
I well remember the long talks that my dear
old mother has had with me on this subject,
and I have tried so hard (and I think not en-
tirely without success) to be more stable,
not to fly from one thing" to another. In
fact, so closely had I held myself down to
business for several years, that, two or three
years ago, I found myself unable to enjoy
anything else. If anything kept me from
my work a few hours I felt like a fish out of
water. Amusements had no charm for me
whatever. I recognized the condition into
which I had fallen, and felt that it was not a
desirable one. To get myself out of this rut
was one of the motives that led me to take

up photography. I find that I am again in
a normal condition, so to speak, that I can
enjoy pleasure as well as work. Three of
my girls and myself have commenced the
study of music, and I am enjoying myself in
this direction, intensely. I still love and en-
joy bee-keeping. Not with the enthusiasm,
perhaps, that characterized " the sweet first
time," but with a quieter deeper love that
will probably last through life.

A MAGAZINE AETICLE ON BEE - KEEPING.

The general public knows but very little
about modern bee-culture. The majority of
people know that bees sting and that they
make honey. It may surprise some to know
that a great many people suppose that bees
make honey in some mysterious way, secrete
it, perhaps, as a cow does milk. They do not
imagine for one moment that flowers have
any relation whatever to the production of
honey. If there is any one expression heard
oftener than another when bees are on ex-
hibition at fairs, it is : " Oh, see the bees
making honey !" I have frequently con-
versed with those who have given voice to
such expressions, and explained that bees
must have access to flowers or they cannot
make honey— that they gather nectar from
the blossoms, and carry it to the hive, where,
after undergoing chemical changes, it is then
called honey. It is interesting to watch the
faces while the explanation is being given.
Some are delighted to think they have learn-
ed something new, while others put on a
look of incredulity which says plainly,
"That will do to tell." Many people are
terribly frightened if a bee comes near them,
or if one gets into the room — they ought to
know that the bee's greatest desire is to get
out of doors again. We all know of the in-
jury that has been done to bee-keeping by
the stories about artificial comb honey We
also know that if everyone knew of the health-
fulness and deliciousness of honey, its ad-
vantages as an article of diet, of its value
many times from a medicinal standpoint,
that the demand for honey would be greatly
increased.

For a long time it has seemed to me that
the publication in some leading magazine of
a comprehensive, illustrated article on bee
culture would be an advantage to both the
public and the bee-keeper, and I may as well
own up here that when I began learning
photography it was with a view to making

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

135

photographs from which cuts might be made
for illustrating just such an article. A year
ago, having had several months experience
in making photographs, 1 began watching
each phase of bee-keeping as it came along,
that I might photograph it at the most in-
teresting stage. To a certain extent the
work was new to me. l^nch subject pre-
sented new difficulties to be overcome. In
secnring two dozen photographs, I presume
that at least 100 exposures were made, pro-
bably more, as on some of the subjects more
than a dozen plates were used before the de-
sired results were obtained. But how I did
enjoy the work ! Last winter, with these
pictures as a basis, an article was written in
which the following are the main points
described : Subduing and Handling Bees ;
Movable Comb Hives ; The Queen Bee ;
Queen Rearing and Shipping ; Drones ;
Workers ; Bee Stings ; Comb Foundation ;
Swarming ; Extracting and Extractors ;
Comb Honey its Production and Healthful-
ness as a Diet; House Apiaries; Migratory
Bee-Keeping ; Bee Hunting and Wintering
of Bees. Each subject is illustrated, some
with two or three pictures. I tried to tell my
story in such a way as to both interest and
instruct and at the same time benefit bee-
keeping. The article was sent to the Cosmo-
politan magazine, and the first half of the
article appears in the May No. The balance
will be in the -June issue. This magazine
has an immense circulation, and I hope that
the article will do good. The price of the
Cosmopolitan is .^L.TO a year, or l.'i cts. for a
single copy. If any of the friends who do
not live near a news depot wish to see the
two issues containing this article I can send
them for 20 cts a copy — 40 cents for both the
May and June Nos. The live cents extra is
for the postage that I will have to pay. To
those who may wish to subscribe for the
Cosmopolitan, I can make the exceedingly
low rate of $2.2.5 for both the Review and
the Cosmopolitan for ont> year. The sub-
scription to the Cosmopolitan could begin
with the May No. Any who have already
sent $1.00 for the Review for 189,') may now
send me $1.2,'> for the Cosmopolitan, if they
wish, and it will be accepted. There are
higher priced magazines than the Cosmo-
politan, but none that are better. In one of
its advertisements the Cosmopolitan very
truthfully says : " We could charge you 2.5
cts, or 3.5 cts, or .50 cts, or even $1.00 a copy,
but we could make no better magazine."

eXXRTXOXED.

Is Bee-Keeping Becoming a Side-issue 1

A Word in Favor of the Specialist.

As I was the one who started the discus
sion regarding the future of bee-keeping, it
is my desire that both sides of the subject
shall have a fair hearing. Aside from this,
I also take pleasure in laying V)efore my
readers the following encouraging and cheer-
ful article from my friend E. T. Flanagan
of Illinois. It appeared originally in the
Progressive.

" An able and interesting editorial will be
found in the .January Review for 189.5, on
the subject of ' The Future of Bee-Keeping,'
in which the editor takes the ground that
bee-keeping will become more and more a
side issue — that there will be fewer special-
ists, and that mainly from the fact that
localities that will support bees enough to
make it remunerative to the specialists are
becoming scarce, and their areas more lim-
ited from year to year, as thf^ country is be-
coming more settled and a larger area de-
voted to aericultural purposes.

Now with all deference to friend H.'s
ability and superior facilities for extended
observation, I must take issue with him.
All of us are liable to judge of the whole
from a limited knowledge of a part, and I
fear this is so in this case. This is a large
country of ours, and no man is fully acquain-
ted with its resources for producing honey.
There are millions of acres yet of unre-
claimed land, and ahoundinsr. too, in honey
producinsr plants. Most of these are in sec-
tions of the country where bee-keeping on
an extended scale has not been attempted,
owing mostly to their t)eing remote from the
railroads or other means of easy access.
These all will in due time be occupied by the
specialist.

Again, even in the most thoroughly culti-
vated portions of the country, localities are
found, and they are becoming greater in
number as the years go by, where small
fruits and extensive orchards, covering even
thousands of acres, are to be found, and the
wide awake specialist is taking advantage of
these localities.

Dairyinsr. the production of condensed
milk, and other products that require exten-
sive pasturajje, either for grazing or the pro-
duction of foTR'je, are extending in many
parts of the country, and where this is the
case, honey producinc jilants abound.

In the East, crimson clover has proved it-
self a splendid pl.mt for honey, and its ex-
tensive cultivation in the past few years is
something remarkable. Sweet clover is be-
ins sown on a scale never before known,
while in the far West, alfalfa, that grand
plant and sure reliance for a magnificent
yield of honey, when erown for seed, is stead-
ily on the increase. It is true that where the

136

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

cereals are grown on an extensive scale, and
potatoes, cabbage, and corn, are the main
crops, the specialist cannot be expected to
abound, but there are comparatively small
areas devoted to these crops, with the excep-
tion of corn, and even where it is almost ex
clusively grown, in wet years when thorough
cultivation has been prevented, the yields
have been something marvelous, and fortu-
nate indeed were those that had the bees, and
were ready to improve their opportunity. I
have said nothing of white clover and bass-
wood, and while the former is somewhat un-
reliable and the latter growing more scarce,
the former is certainly extending its terri-
tory, and the latter is not yet by any means
all destroyed, and will afford paying local-
ities to many specialists for years to come.

One word more in favor of the specialists,
and I am done. Where bee-keeping is aside
issue, it is almost impossible to produce as
much per colony and it is equally as certain
that as fine an appearing article cannot be
produced or handled in as attractive a man-
ner by one making it a side issue as by the
specialist — and, mark you, honey is a luxury
and will never become a staple, and that at-
tractive appearance has as much to do with
its sale or even more than quality. The
drouth that has prevailed so extensively over
the country, and the short honey crops that
have been so discouragring, are but tempo-
ra' y. It may be years before such conditions
may obtain again. So let us all take heart
of grace and look forward to better times
that are near at hand for both producer and
consumer."

Some of the points brought out by my
friend are very good. It is true that there
are yet large quantities of unreclaimed land
in this country, but it is likely that the time
will eventually come when all land that can
be reclaimed will be under cultivation. The
growing of alfalfa in the West is hopeful. I
can see its effects in the growing of my sub-
scription list in Colorado. At the same time
I can see the effect of the changed conditions
in some of the other States by the falling
away of subscribers who say they " are going
out of the business." As I said in my arti-
cle, there are some localities, and probably
always will be, where bee-keeping as a spec-
ialty can be made profitable. There are
other localities where it was once profitable
but is not now, and probably never will be.
It is true that honey is often gotten up in
poor shape where bee- keeping is made a side
issue. When a farmer takes up bee-keeping
as a side issue, he often neglects it and puts
up his honey in a slovenly manner, but let a
bee-keeping specialist turn farmer, or stock
raiser, or dairyman, and make of bee-keep-
ing a side issue, his old habits will cling to
him — his honey will be as neatly put up as in
the days gone by.

It may seem strange that the editor of a
bee journal should call attention to this phase
of the business, but I feel that not to do so
would be a neglect of duty. If a man is
trying to make a living out of bee-keeping
where the natural conditions are against
him , it is a blessing to have his attention
called to the matter. He can then either go
to some more favored locality, or embark in
some other business, or combine bee-keep-
ing with some other business. Friend Flan-
agan mentions dairying as being on the in-
crease, and this reminds me that I know of
no business better adapted for combining
with bee-keeping than that of winter dairy-
ing. I don't advise every one to abandon
bee-keeping because of a failure or two in
securing a crop, but I know that there are
many localities where it would be folly to t

attempt lo make a living from bee-keeping I

alone.

How Small Hives and Spring Feeding May
Lead to Success in Poor Seasons.

The following article written by C. Daven-
port of Southern Minnesota, and published
in the American Bee Journal, is a little
lengthy, but it contains the best advice that
I have seen given in a long time.

" There has been a good deal said and
written about feeding in the spring for the
purpose of stimulating brood-rearing in or-
der to have a large force of workers at the
right time. Some claim there is a big ad-
vantage in this, and others say the benefit
that can be derived from it is very slight ;
and I remember reading one article which
claimed that much harm was done by spring
feeding.

I do not think there is any doubt that there
is a big profit in both spring and early sum-
mer feeding in some seasons. Some years
we can get a paying crop without, while in
others, at least with me, it is impossible to
do so. Not that there is no honey to gather,
but because thare has not been enough to be
had before the main flow to enable brood-
rearing to be kept up as it should have been.
Consequently, when the flow did come,
there would not be enough workers to
store much surplus. But in my opinion, if
there is anything about bee-keeping that re-
quires skill and judgment, it is this kind of
feeding, for in this locality the season,
amount of stores in the hives, and other
things, must be considered in regard to the
time to commence, or whether to commence
at all — amount to be fed, and how long it
should be continued. There is much more
about it than 1 know, or probably ever will
know, but some of the things I do know may
interest, and possibly benefit, some that
have not had much experience in this kind
of feeding.

iH±J BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

137

Of course we could u^e liives large enough
to hold plenty of storcp, so that feeding
would not be necessary in such seasons.
These are a good kind of hive, if one is keep-
ing bees merely for those things to be found
in bee-keeping that we would not sell for
money if we could. I think I find as many
of those things as anybody, but at the same
time, in order to pay expenses, make a liv-
ing, and lay up a little for a rainy day, I
have to make considerable money with them
too. And for the comb honey producer
those big hives are a failure, especially in
such seasons as we are having right along
now. In using them, if we do not feed in
poor seasons, it takes most of the white hon-
ey to fill them up. and after they are full the
bees will not work in the sections as readily
as they will when they are in a smaller hive.
\Ve want the white honey in sections, and
then we can let them secure winter stores
from fall flowers, if we are in a locality
where the honey from such makes suitable
winter food. If it does not, or there is no
fall flow, we can feed sugar. I consider a
pound of the best granulated equal to a
pound of clover or basswood honey for win-
ter stores ; and there is a dittereuce of ten
cents a pound, and often more, between the
two. If we allow 30 pounds for winter
stores, this will make a difference of $30Oon
100 colonies. This will pay us well for our
time in feeding. I am not going to give any
theory about it, but I will say the largest
yields I ever got were from colonies of eight
and ten frame hives.

Another thing I would like to say is, that
the most prolific queens are not the best in
many cases. I have had some very poor
queens that were very prolific. Some of the
very best Italian queens I now have, or ever
have had, are hardly able to keep eight Lang-
stroth frames full during the time they
should be kept full. Very likely many that
read this will think I do not know what a
good queen is, and I feel quite sure this will
be the case when I say that last summer I
killed a $0 breeding queen that was prolific
and equal to at least ten frames. But that
is not the worst. A year ago last summer I
sold for $1 a two-year-old imported Italian
queen that cost me over SI). I did not need
a dollar very badly, either. But if one was
to buy some that I have, and I think they are
good, the price the5' would have to pay
would make them think that they ought to
be good.

Now as to the time to commence feeding
in the spring. I do not think, as a general
thing, it has paid me to feed much before
fruit-bloom, and not even then, if the bees
could secure enough from it to keep brood-
rearing going on as rapidly as it should
at this time. But if they do not, it has
always paid me well to feed. In this lo-
cality there are no flowers after fruit-bloom
until white clover. I generally feed a good
deal during this time. If we commence to
feed we must keep it up until there is some
to be had from the fields, or else stop grad-
ually, for if we get the brood nest full of
brood, and then stop all at once, if there is
not much food in the hive, and none in the
fields, the brood will necessarily be thrown

out, or else starve to death, and then, as a
general thing, here in the North, such a col-
ony is ruined for that season, as far as sur-
plus honey is concerned. But on the other
hand, we must not feed too much. If we do,
with small hives, we will restrict the room in
the brood nest, and thus prevent the very
object for which we are feeding, namely, a
large force of workers to gather the flow
which we hope for and expect will come
later.

But shortly before the time for the main
flow to commence, feed heavy if we wish to
fill the brood nest with sugar stores.
Whether this is best or not in a locality
where there is a fall flow, I do not know. I
have practiced this .somewhat, and I think
under the right management, it can be made
to pay. But my advice to the inexperienced
is to try this on a small scale at first. There
are certain difficulties, and much more to
learn about this than there is to simply feed
enough to secure a large force of workers.
In feeding for this purpose, I do not think it
is necessary to feed every day. I never feed
more than every second day, and a good deal
of the time only every third or fourth day.
But I think we may push brood-rearing
much more rapidly when we wish to, by
feeding a small amount every second or
third day, than we can by giving a large feed
all at once, or a frame of honey for feeding.

I use a great deal of poor and inferior hon-
ey and honey-dew when I have it. Such as
is not fit for winter stores can be extracted,
and by judicious feeding at the right time it
can be converted, as it were, into many times
its weight of white honey. I do not want any
more honey-dew for winter stores. Some
winters bees appear to winter on it all right ;
in others they will not. There was a good
deal of it gathered here last fall. I put about
100 colonies in with this honey- dew, and the
loss so far is about 20 per cent. Very likely
it will be 50 per cent, before May- perhaps
more. A good many of the=e hives were
badly spotted by the first of January, but
as far as I have been able to observe, honey
dew answers every purpose as well as the
best honey, when the bees can fly.

When I feed sugar I use the best granula-
ted. I have tried cheap brown sugar, both
dark and light, and such as we can get here
is not fit to feed bees at any time. There is
something in it that does not agree with
them.

Now a few words about feeders. I use the
Miller for all kinds of feeding, and I think
this, or some kind in which we can feed dur-
ing the daytime without danger of robbing,
is best; for here, even quite late in the
spring, the nij'hts will often be so cool that
bees will not take feed readily from a feeder
that is set outside near the entrance, and if
thev would when the nights are cool. I think
it is much better to feed in the morning, and
then the feed will be carried below by night
and they will keep quiet and protect the
brood better.

Any feeder or method we use In which it is
necessary to use smoke every time we feed,
is a bad thing. The less bees are smoked
and disturbed in the spring, the better.

188

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEM>

To illustrate the benefit that can be de-
rived from feeding in some seasons, let me
describe one of the out yards. Last year
feeding was necessary to secure a crop. The
bees it this yard were mostly in 8-frame
hives — a few were in 10-frames. The sur-
plus to be gathered from this yard was white
clover, basswood and fall liovvers. There
was but very little fruit-bloom in reach of
this yard. About this time feeding was com-
menced, and continued right through the
white clover season, for at first it was so cold
at night that it did not yield any, and to-
ward the last it dried ut). But in the home
yard, about 13 miles from this, white clover
yielded enough to keep up brood-rearing
and considerable honey-dew which formed
on box-elder leaves, was secured in the
spring. I have never seen the conditions
vary in a few miles as they did last year in
this out-yard. Practically nothing was to
be had until basswood, which was fair, but
it did not last long, but the bees were ready
for it, and secured what there was— about 58
pounds per colony in one pound sections.

Each of these colonies was fed about 30
pounds of sugar, which at h cents per pound
would be ipl.fiO per colony. Fifty pounds of
honey at 1.5 cents a pound would be $7.r>0per
colony. Now to deduct |1..'>0 per colony for
susar will leave $G per colony. They also
secured enough from fall flowers to winter
on, and about VI pounds of surplus per col-
ony, but we will not say anything about this
— we will say the basswood honey was all
they got, and we had to feed 30 pounr's more
sugar for winter stores — this would make
^l.-W more to suhstract from !};r>.00, which
would leave $4..'>0 per colony. In this yard
there were VIl colonies, and this would have
left S.Wl.SO from this yard lo pay for the
work. Reader, do you see the point ? Sup-
pose these colonies had been in hifj hives,
and had 30 pounds of honey in the sprinar,
they would certainly have used this up if
they had not been fed, and they would also
have certainly put that .W pounds of bass-
wood honey in the brood nest. And, say it
took 30 pounds of it to keep them until the
next spring, they wonld have only 20 pounds
for another start. They would not have se-
cured any more per colony, or as much, if
they were larger, for there were bees enough
in this yard to gather all. and more than
there was to be had from it, aid it did not
cost any more, if as much, to rear them in
small liives as it would in larger ones. If we
would carry the matter out, and count the
fall honey, the small hives, would come out
much farther ahead. With big hives, where
no feedine is done, the season is often an
en (ire failure."

There is no feature of bee-keeping in which
there is greater need of progress, or in
which the rewards are more promising, than
that of feeding. Mr. Davenport has cov-
ered this point so well that but little more
remains to be said. Whether right or wrong,
the bee-keeping world has put its foot upon
"suear honey," but I believe every one con-
siders it perfectly legitimate to use sugar in

raising and wintering bees. This means
practically the exchanging of so many
pounds of sugar for an equal number of^
pounds of honey. But there are many things
in connection with feeding that must be
learned ere it can be followed at a profit.
For instance, Mr. E. T. Abbott, in referring
to the matter of feeding back honey for the
production of comb honey, asked if it had
proved so profitable as reported by some,
why not follow it all the season ? Feeding
back extracted honey for the production of
comb honey can be followed profitably only
during very hot weather, and there must be
drawn or partly drawn combs to begin with.
In the Northern States where the white hon-
ey harvest closes in July, and then no honey i
is gathered until the blossoming of buck-
wheat or fall flowers, there comes a period
in which, if rightly managed, extracted hon-
ey may be very profitably fed for the com-
pletion of unfinished sections ; and it would
be advisable, in view of such feeding back,
not to crowd the bees in an endeavor to have
them finish up as many as possible of the
sections. More honey will be secured in the
sections if the bees are not too much
crowded.

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

rn HE question box of the Auierican Bee
"X Journal is getting well up toward Query
No. 1,000 ; and yet it struck a toothsome
question last time. " What proportion of
the time of ;; convention is it best to have
occupied with essays ?" Replies scatter all
the way from none of it to all of it. Pres.
Abbott, who might perchance have thought
some one was treading on his corns, meekly
says, about as much as the people want.
It's Elwood that wants the time all occupied
by essays — unless the talkers will be careful
what they say. Yes, and Dr. Miller calls for
the same — in the contingency of no one
present knowing anything about bees. How
could you, dear Dr. ? And supposing each
one present to be nfflicted with 'don't know"
of the C. C. M. variety, how should it be
then ? Prof. Cook seems to strike the
" bull's eye " when he advises to follow suit
on the rousing farmers' institutes they hold
out West— ten minutes of essay to forty of
discussion.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

139

I'm quite willing to endorse the way H. E.

Hill, in the Atnerican Bee Keeper gets down

to the correct first principles of things in

general, as below.

" If a man had lived from infancy in solitary
continemont. without {ir<>, having no knowledge
of the oatsido world or the tilings pertaining
thereto, liow could he know tliat Canada tliistles
were ditKcnlt to eradicate from the soil, or that
It wonld hurt to put his liand into the fire ? An
opinion of the relative merits of the varit>uB
races of bees is more than liahh^ to be erroneous
if based on coinmou sense [so calledj witliout
experience."

Yes, and the teaching will apply mightily

to many other things in bee-keeping, and to

an immense number of things outside.

Common sense is a grand guide when it has

abundance of fact and experience to work

with: but helpless when these are lacking.

Much that claims to be common sense is

only asinine conceit, wliich (in a scientific

horn ) sagely and sweetly sees through the

millstone before the hole has been pecked

in it.

The Review.

I believe I have at divers and sundry times
spoken of the Review in decided terms of
praise. Permit me to point to these pre-
vious efifusions, nailed to the bed-post of the
past, and sleepily say, " Them's my senti-
ments." ■ I sleep, I dream.

Behold the form of a vision rises before me.
It is big fat pocket book. They put a silver
dime into it ; and it drops out below an old
copper cent. Anon they put in a gold piece ;
and it drops out below a Imtton, with the
eye broken off. And the pocket book opens
an ugly sort of mouth, and says, " This is

what I call proof-reading." . My,

I can't sleep with such dreams as this ! But
them's my sentiments on the bed-post, gen-
tlemen. Guess we shall have to confess
that some of the proof-reading on the Re-
view is a trifle poor ; turns our attempted
dimes into pennies. For instance I tried to
poke at ".Take Smith" recently, and he

turned out to be John Smith. And

Gleanings was so mystified, and so respect-
ful withal, that it copied the paragraph with-
out correcting it. Shall have to be a little
severe. An editor, as a general thing, has
no proper sense of the atrocity of typograph-
ical errors, any more than a southern darky
has of stealing chickens, or a lawyer of tell-
ing fibs. Good night, gentlemen ! Them's
my sentiments on the bed-post. — —

Another vision rises up. The form is like
a traveler with a vast box on his back. Box

is marked. Place for People Who Have Los*
their First Love. The traveler is smoking
immense quantities of brimstone instead of
tobacco. Before him the flowers are covered
with bees ; behind him the ground is covered
with bees, dead and overcome with the
brimstone. Ah, as he passes by he lifts the
cover of the great box, and lets us see in.
Inside it are A. I. Root and his garden patch,
Mr. Harbison and his real estate office,
Frank Benton and his Washington appoint-
ment, and multitudes more, each with that
something which was better than bees.
Now he is talking with Mr. Hutchinson—
gives him a kodak : offers him another
bauble marked, ( )ur Special Correspondent.
Mercy ! What's the villain trying to do
now ? He has seized hold of W. Z., and is
struggling with all his might to chuck him

into the box. . Well, it's one

of the mercies that we can wake up when
the awful climax of nightmare is just about
to be consummated. But, while we are at it,
I have noticed (or feared that I noticed) that
the same process that we have regretfully
seen go to its completion in A. I. Root was
beginning in Mr. Hutchinson — just a little
air of forcing himself into bees, instead of
being in with whole heart, and writing with
a zest which it is impossible for the reader
not to feel. But them's my sentiments on
the bed-post, gentlemen. Must be morn-
iug, and time to be getting out of this.

Friend Averill's article on paralysis last
month has several striking points, of which
the assertion that black bees are nearly ex-
empt is certainly one. If that was settled
and assured there would be market for black
queens, I reckon. The theory that it results
simply from too much in-breeding will hard-
ly run, I fear. Lack of vitality caused by '
in -breeding and paralysis make a smashing
double team, very likely ; but they are not
one and the same " boss." Close breeding
will hardly create the bacillus of paralysis
any more than chilling will create the bacil-
lus of foul brood. Easy enough to see how
infection with Bacillus Gaytoni might never
be noticed in an energetic colony, while it
would destroy entirely a devitalized one : so
the practical danger of in-breeding, as a
factor in paralysis, is genuine enough.

" I observe that it usually exists in regions
well defined and of similar characteristics con-
cerning climate, soil, and vegetation."

This is singular : but not on that account
to be doubted. Quite likely it is correct.

140

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEYi^ .

The same may be said of the observation
that the colonies immediately facing a ma-
laria-breeding slough, and those standing in
a slight depression of the ground, suffered
more than the better located ones in the
yard. Worth our while to look a little out
for these things. By the way, paralysis is
not the only thing which a few inches de-
pression in the ground affects unfavorably.
I think a good many of us have noticed that
hives so located do not winter quite as well.

I'm greatly afraid B. Taylor's line of ar-
gument about the development of bees (Re-
view 93) has an ugly lot of truth in it.
Lion as a hunter can be developed by man
only retrogressively. Condor as a high flier
can be " histed a peg lower," but not sent up
another hundred feet. Bee as a hustler after
honey has already been developed so exquis-
itely that all our efforts to radically change
its nature will prove damaging. In some
things nature has already gone to the
" Ultima Thule.'^ The utmost we can do
is to keep her there ; and it takes lots of
wholesome letting alone to do even that.
Cold, wet-blanketty talk, sure enough ; but
I'm afraid it's so.

Mr. Taylor also reports four cellar-placed
colonies, with everything right as far as
could be seen, but bees all dead. They dif-
fer from the live ones simply in being " im-
proved " five-banded stock. Lend us a pin

to stick there, somebody. Knowing

smile, of the "told you so " species, from
Mr. Alley.

Very seductively Charles Norman pleads
for queens from the egg, instead of queens
from 3G hour larvae, on page 9().

" Queen larvaj which are but a day old are
larger than worker larvae of the same age."

If this is true it weighs more than a good
deal of chemical fuddling with tiny atoms
of different foods, and more than the queen
breeder's " inner light." And we should be
a little bit slow about saying that it makes
no difference how the first 30 hours of the
queen's life are passed.

THE GENERAL ROUND -UP.

I praised friend McEvoy too soon for his
success in avoiding scenes and quarrels in
the performance of his very delicate and
important duties. The hornet's nest was
perforated. Big one. See American Bee
Journal, 174 and 237.

Considering the way we have been riled up
by the publication of advertisements of Apis

Dorsata, the American Bee-Keeper does a
very timely thing by giving us an article
about them by the one American best posted
—Frank Benton. A. B. K., 81.

Hello ! The A. B. K. adulterates its fam-
ily reading with apicultural information.
Prices of honey and other articles in the first
century. Don't know how authentic the
thing is ; and the absolute prices are worth
little or nothing, owing to the great change
that has taken place in the supply of silver ;
but the comparison of different articles is
instructive. Pound for pound honey was
one-third higher than butter. (Ought to be
27 cents now, according to that.) Well up
toward twice as high as cheese ; and four
times as high as tallow. The latter guide
would make honey 20 cents per pound now.
A.B.K., 101.

Thanks to Dr Miller for his correction of
my inference that the old theory of the
queen's impregnation was being abandoned.
I'll withdraw the statement for repairs — re-
marking ad interim that it seems to me that
the new theory is the more sensible, and ac-
counts for the open every day facts better.
By the way, are not those German wise
heads like the rest of learned humanity, dis-
inclined to formally admit any change, even
when materially recanstructing their theo-
ries on the sly ? Wouldn't do to confess
that they didn't know it all yesterday, lest
some one might suspect them of not know-
ing it all to-day. It is wandering from bees,
I admit, but I am tempted to say a word
about one of the greatest of very recent dis-
coveries, the discovery of argon— the "hand-
kerchief hid in plain sight " which puts the
chemistry of the last hundred years in dis-
grace. Quite a large percentage of what
was supposed to be nitrogen in the air is not
nitrogen at all, but a totally different gas,
unknown hitherto, and Argon is its name.
Less than a year ago two men stood up and
faced the scientific scoffs of pretty much the
whole world, which were called out by the
statement of these facts — and in three
months' time had the satisfaction of seeing
everybody down on marrow-bones, confess-
ing the humiliating truth. Many had no-
ticed that nitrogen obtained from the air had
a different specific gravity from that ob-
tained by means of chemicals (argon is
much heavife-r than nitrogen) but only just
recently, it would seem, has any one res-
olutely taken hold to find out why.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

141

A miller in Nebraska who keeps bees has
been much annoyed by the way they came
into the mill for early pollen. He was stir-
red up to try a very interet^ting experiment.
Nine different kinds of mill stuff were ex-
posed in a long trough to see what bees pre-
fer. Corn meal " took the cake " very de-
cidedly. White and yellow corn meal were
both tried : but he does not speak of notic-
ing any difference between them* But
ground peas and beans, which have been
strongly recommended, were not among the
nine articles tried. O. K. Olmstead in A.
B. J., 208.

A straw in Gleanings, 20:*. tells how the
Bienen Vater says that queenless colonies
often put abundant royal jelly in empty
queen cells, and build them out nearly a
finger long. Some one has recently said
that these abnormally long cells are caused
by a drone larva's disgusted crawling away
from the jelly, which is not the same as his
proper food — the workers lengthening out
the cell to humor him. 'Spects the B. V.
got fooled that time, by seeing some cells
from which the drones had crawled clear
out.

The improvement in honey drinks the
fourth great step in apicultural improve-
ment, eh ? Evidently then the fifth step
will be an unsteady one, and in the direction
of perdition. Straw, Gleanings, 203.

'Pears like I was at war with all mankind
for their misstatements of foreign honey
prices. Here's Dr. Miller tempting the un-
wary tenderfoot to believe that certain hon-
ey sells in Paris at GO cents a pound. Evi-
dently 00 centimes (12 cents.) Of course
you can read GOc. as GO centimes, if you are
up to the scratch in French currency ; but
friend M., with all his " don't know," knows
that nine-tenths of his readers will read it
6U cents.

Manum thinks a Crane smoker, with pro-
polized rags as fuel, would drive mad dogs
out of the streets. Gleanings, 208.

"The disease (paralysis) usually disappeared
when new honey began to be gathered " Cal-
ifornia convention, reported by Rambler.

Does it ? Or is there no difference at all
excejit that when bees are active they carry
away all the dead and dying, and drop them
at a distance ? Or does the diligent carry-
ing away of everything infected finally bring
a cure ?

And the following, from the same article
is, as a California joint report, somewhat

surprising. Howsomever, its all in my style,

and I've no " 'jectioii."

"Tim most rapid way to pet over a largo num-
ber of hives was to pour the feed into empty
combs, and place them in tlie hive after dark."
Gleanings, ^10.

Ernest is in danger of getting crazy with
the nmltitudo of new bee escapes the lioys
are sending in. Let up there for a few
mouths ! Can't afford to have him in the
asylum just yet.

According to Gleanings, 227, the govern-
ment chemists found all granulated sugars
pure quite recently. Let us be thankful.
But they can't assure us maple when we
don't want it half cane— nor cane when we
don't want it of beet stock. Chemistry in
the human tongue quite a bit more delicate
than chemistry in the laboratory !

A big interrogation point has been fired
after " lysol." Gravenhorst answers in
Gleanings, 3()8. Coal-tar product — new —
brown — smell of tar — GO cents a pound —
great disinfectant — chemically, cresylic acid,
made into a liquid soap by a patented pro-
cess— cures foul brood verhaiJS — will know
more about it a year hence.

T. B. Blow, who ought to be pretty good
authority, says he found a new bee {Apis) in
British Guiana. Very interesting if true,
as the idea prevails that there is no true Apis
on this hemisphere except the one with
which we are familiar. These are little half
size chaps, worthless except as curiosities,
few in a hill, and not in the honey business
any to hurt the market ; yet they swarm,
take possession of cavities, and in general
carry sail like children playing at grown
folks' business. Gleanings, 305. Still I
imagine the new Apis may turn out a Meli-
pona, or something.

The same article reports the island of
Montserrat as producing one pound of bees-
wax to each 27 acres of surface. This was
very likely obtained by squeezing out finish-
ed honey and melting the cake. My largest
melt up of honey was 30 pounds to get l^a of
wax or 20 to one. Applying this measure to
the island we find a pound of honey grew on
one and seven-twentieths acres of land,
counting in streets, plow land and all. If
Ohio should do as well it would yield nearly
a million pounds of wax and twenty million
pounds of honey — or, to be mathematical,
19,323,259 pounds of honey. Come and see
us when we harvest it, and we'll give you
some.
KiCHAKDS, Lucas Co.. Ohio, April 20, '95.

142

T]3E BEE-KEEPERS

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

POTATO CRATES and Bee Hives
are my specialties. jrTice list free. Address
J. M. KINZIE,
1-95-12. Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

•»nn t'OLONIES OF BEES (Italian) in 8-
^\J\J frame dovetailed hives, for sale. Also
a full line of fibst-olass Apiarian Supplies
(new and fresh), at living prices. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Send for catalogue. Address
E. T. FLANAGAN,
3.95 3t Box 783, Belleville, 111.

I am manufacturing

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Every thing you need.

PRICES REDUCED.
Send for new Price List.

GEO. R.\LL, French ville. Wis.
4-95-tf Trempeleau Co.

Nearly 200 pages practical and interesting

Reading for Bee - Keepers

For only 30 cts .

The Kansas Bee - Journal,

Monthly, Young and Lively. Send for Sample.
Address, KANSAS BEE - JOURNAL,

Topeka, Kansas,

53We can furnish either Italian or

3ees £ Queens,

But my experience and orders stand 50 to 1 in
favor of the Albino. 1 can furnish untested
queens in May at $1 00 each; tested, $2.00; se-
lect, $2.00. I can also furnish the Bek-Keepebs'
QUARTEKLV. S. VAIiEflTINE.

5-95-tf Hagerstown, Md.

EE SUPPLIES I

, Send for free copy of IL,r.USTRATED
I CATALOGUE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. 41. Newman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

g'»^*^1t»^.»»^»»fc»U>ii,»UP-»X»^^^»^i^^^^^^^^^r,,»jr^l,;r^5gl

MONEY - MAKERS

Are a strain of Italians that winter in the
cold North, and are ready for business,
with a bushel of bees, when the flowers
bloom. They aie gentle and industrious.
Queens warranted purely mated, in June,
$100; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00, Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. Never
any disease in the apiary.

5 5-95 tf

m

E. F. QUIGLEY,

Unionville, Mo.

ii*jt*.^*.td'.*»^'jiKi^t^M*^^'M*.**^'^M.i^*.^*jtM^njgn.iin^M^K^A

Something New!

ALLEY'S Combined QUEEN - TKAP and
SWAKM-CATCHER. Description and price
list ready. HENRY ALLEY,

Wenham, Mass.

'™»H BEES & QUEENS

Ready in May. Queens, $1.00. Bees by the
Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nucleus, with Queen,
$2 50. One-frame, $2 00. Also Barred P. K.
Eggs, for setting, $ 1 . 00 per 15 . 5-95-4t

Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, BOX 48. Swarts, Penn.

— If you are going to —

BUY A BXJZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He lias a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

Headquarters

For those large, beautiful, golden Italians, the
great honey gatherers. One untested queen, ^Oc ,
three for $2.00. One warranted, $1.00; three for
$2..50. One tested. $1.50, One select t«»sted, $2.00.
Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
C. M. HICKS,
4-06 tf Hicksville, Wash. Co., Md.

CANADIANS,

READ THIS.

1 have made arrangements to handle the As-
pinwall, Non-Swarming Hive, and the (i. H.
Lewis (<o.'s snow white sections. I also breed
the golden, 5-banded bees and queens. In 1S94 I
sold 18W queens, and 3(X) two-frame nuclei at
$2.00 each, I also have several varieties of pure
bred cliickens, such as the large, improved.
White Leghorn ( the host layers in the world )
Golden S. Hamburg, Silver S. Hamburg, Bun
Cochin, Light Bramah. Kggs from the above,
75 cts, per 13, Eggs from Red B. Games or Buff
Minorcas, f-J.OO per 13. 1 also have pure-bred
Berksinre I'igs for sale. Send for Price List.

N.H.SMITH, 11.94-tf

Lock Box A, Tilbury, Out., Canada.

rtit. BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Wi

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut repreeents our
Combined OircolHr and
Scroll Baw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' ase in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-16t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOB CATALOGUE, PIUOKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

W. H. BRIGHT'S

t'lK(:ULAK FOR lj;95, describes every thing
needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec-
tions, sprayinp pumps and Bri^ht's comb foun-
dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one,
fiee.

WM. H. BRIGHT,
l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

W. 0. VICTOR, of Wharton, Texas, took

45»000 Pounds

Of honey in 1S91, as the result of eleven yeRrs'
experience. He offers for salo good, old-style
honey 5-95-tf

Queens and Bees

At the following prices :

1 Untested Queen, 75

Vi " Queens 7.50

1 Tested Queen 150

12 '• Queens, 15 GO

1 Single-frame Nucleus. \)4, to 2 lbs bees

and Untested Queen, 1 . 50

12 Single-frame Nuclei, with bees & Qaeens, 15.00
1 Two-frame Nucleus, 1\4 to 3 lbs. bees

and Untested Queen, 2 00

12 Two-frame Nuclei, with bees & queens, 20.00
Prices ou larger quantities given upon applica-
tion. One untested queen, if a first order, for 50 c.

JUST RECEIVED,

A car load of Root's goods. Prices to suit the
times Reasonable satisfaction guaranteed.

SEE~S Queens

inesH,e(|ual to all Jj

I LEY'S lloldeii Italian

are large, beauti

ful, bred for buy-

inesH,e(|ual to all

and superior to many. Untested, May, 70 cts., K>
doz $4.00. Tested, $1.00; fine breeders, $2.00
each ; fine, straight 5-f)andod, breeding - queens,
$4 00 each. To parlies who have not tried my
strain of Italians 1 will send one golden queen
for 50 cts. Safe arrival guaranteed . 5 95-9t

E A SEELEY, Bloomer, Ark.

{ Money order office, Lavaca, Ark. I

{^eady to ]VIail.

Untested Italian Qaeens are now ready to
mail. Price, $1.00 each; six for $5,00; twelve
for $9.00.

T. R. CANADY,

3 . 94 . 6t Fallbrook, Calif.

CANADIANS,

Drop me a card for my Seventh Annual Circular.
I manufacture the best Foundation, Smokers,
Sections, Hives. Etc., in the country ; so say
many of my customers. Address

W. A. CHRYSLER,
3.95.tf Box 4.50, Chatham, Ont.

Muth's ::;

INEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Cold-Blast Smokers
Squzire Glz^ss Hopey Jz^rs, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

1-94-tf. Plensn l/l.^ntlon the Reuieu.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat Bottom FouMatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DKUSEN & SONS,
(SOLE MANUFAOTUREBS),

3-90-tf Spront Brook, Mont. Co.,N-Y

\,=^:i^^:s^;^^s^.^s^s^^^s»^^s^^^;^5^\^^^s^s^-.^s^5^

CANADIAN

bee - keepers will find it to their interest to buy
their supplies of the Goold, Shapley & Muir Co.,
of Brantford, Ont., Canada. Circular free. This firm also publishes a bright,
progressive, illustrated monthly C^ CT C" journal at $1,01 per year. Sam-
ples free. Italian queens from the »3^— ^^ finest strain of bees in the country
can be furnished in May at $1.00 each for untested, and $2.(H) each for tested. In
June, untested, 75 cts, tested. $1..50. Remember, the
and the <iueens go to the United States free from duty.

JOURNAL

144

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

@QiO@<^y)Q«^^O^y@0#y)'«y!

fi

GOOD

Five - Banded Bees f!

Are preferred by most *^

bee keepers to those of ^

5 other varieties. I breed for business C)

•J qualities as well as for color, and have a J,

ij strain of 5 banded Italians that I prefer ^

3 to blacks, hybrids. Holy Lands or Cypri- ©

2 ana, all of which I have tried. Last year P|
(J the colonies that I moved to the man - f ,

0 grove stored on an average 420 lbs. C
® of extracted honey. All I ask at first is a S
(5 trial order, as others will surely follow, g)
(J I warrant my qaeens purely mated and I C)
Jl sell them at 75 cte. each, or $7.50 per doz. S
ij in June, and $6.75 per dozen in July, g)

3 Tested, $1 25 ; select, $2.00 to S5.0i). Cir- ©

1 cular free. J. B. CASE. |
(J 12-94-tf Port Oranse, Fla. ©

m ©

If you are keeping bees for the money there is
in them, and don't want to make

A MISTAKE,

buy carefully bred Italian queens from best im-
ported motliers mated to drones of imported
stock from a different source, thereby securing a
direct cross. It is m this way that I breed my
bees, and the queens are large and prolific, the
bees gentle and guaranteed to be good workers.
Untested queens, 75 cts. each, $4.25 for six ; $8.C0
per doz Ready about May 25th. Safe ai rival
and satisfac'ion guaranteed. 5-95tf

Z_, H. ROBEY, Worthington, W. Ya.

A New Strain of Bees,

THE ADELS.

Friends, I shall be prepared, by June 1st, to
fill orders for Adel and Italian queens at $1.C0
for warranted. $1 50 for tested . $2.0(1 for select
tested. JOS. ERWAY, HAVANA, N. Y.

5.95-4t Pleasp mention tlie Kevi'^w.

For Sale or Exchange

Lot of Miscellaneous Supplies ; some new and
some second - hand. Must be disposed of on
account of removal. Write for what you want,
or for list of goods. Will exchange for team,
harness, buggy, or platform wagon, or offers.

r. H. RICHARDSON.
5-95-2t ■ LaClede, LinnCo., Mo.

/*\y New Process

OP A\AKI7SG

Foundation

mSURES

Soft Side Wall5,

Ai7<l R?<iuccs the Cojt of
AVa^OUfACturc Considerzibly.

Samples and prices free.

W. J. FINCH Jr.,

SpriogfieW, Illinois. 3 95-6t

I am advertisiug for B, F Stratton & Son
of New York, and taking my pay in

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS,

I have already bought in this way a guitar
and violin for my girls and a flats for my-
self. If you are thinking of buying an in-
strument of any kind I should be glad to
send you one on trial. If interested, write
me for desciptive cirular and price list, say-
ing what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Largiest Factory in the West.

COMPLETE STOCK.

Good Supplies and liow Prices, Our Motto
We are liere to servo you .md will if .\ou give us a chance. Cataloyne Free. Adderss,

LEAHY v^\A/SUPACTURIWG CO., Hi<;s:insvill«, r\o.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' RbVIEW.

145

Illustrated Catalogue free ui)on application

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOrR 1894.

Before yoa parchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J, P. H, BROWN,
1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgria.

Hopey Queers,

Five and three-banded, and in seperate yards,
and only from selected stock, gathering the
most honey and capping it the whitest, and the
least inclined to swarm. My ."i-banders are pure
Italians and not Cyprian crossps. I have no
fonl brood ni>r bee paralysis. Warranted queens,
fl.dOoach. 4 for tfS.SO. Tested $1.2.i each. Safe
airival miir.uitoed

.1. H. GOOD.

2 0r)(f Nappanee, Ind.

Please mention the Reuieui.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SUPPLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK. 78 Barr/ay St . N Y. City.

(SUCCESSOt TO A J. KING.)

4-93tf S"d for illusrated Catalogue

THE STRATTON

'A

Manhattan" Gnitar.

Warranted not to Crack. N'o Guitar? solii
t retail. Dealers nleasc send for Illusfnitcd
Talogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON & SON,

*t3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK

f\rs. Oliver Cok tSi'mvE

com aim Dg 1 - frame nucleus with PURE IT.\L-
lAN QUEEN, YELLOW, BEAUTIFUL, PRO-
LIFIC, in June for $2.75 each, two for $5.(X) ;
tested queen. $1.5(1; untested, $1.00

STBAWBEURY PLANTS of the latest vari-
eties, for sale cheap. Send for circulars to

4-95-tf Sherburne, Chenango Co.. N. Y,

UNTESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS.

1 will be ready to mail Untested Queens, from
five banded stock yellow to the tip, vigorous
and easy to handle, at 75 cents each, three for
$2.00, six for $4.00, per doz. $7 50 ; free from dis-
ease.

W. A. COMPTON.

4-95-lt Lynnville, Tenn.

A. E. HOSHAL, of Beamsville. Ont.,

^ C AiSADA

Has gotten up a now and coinprenlii-n ive circu
lar. liiviug pltin. concise exnlaiui' ions of th"
wliole practical work of beekeeping ms arconi
plished with

The Heddon Hive

And system, sliowing liow they enab ■• ■•\o'.t%
secuiethe same results wilh lc«s h.bT ,'in I mme
comfort than with oilier hivfs. aiul lie wf.n|.! l)o
ulensed lo '•Piid if to all Can di.-in b e k'opeis
( Tliose in U. S. should addf^ss .Jamc- llo.i.l..,,.
Dowagiac, .Midi I Mr. Ho«l.al aN . l.andLs
spctions, makes f' iind.alion, <(c. 11-9.3-tf

E. KRETCHMERJed OaUowa,

Sends free hisCatalocrnoof 7"i illustrated pages •
.IcK.-ribes KVEKVrHIN(i USED IN THKAPI
A1;Y: Best Goods at Lowest Prices. Deliv-
ereii to yoin railriiad at eiiliiT ( hicago ; St.l.,ouis; Atcliison, Kans. ; St. Paul, Minn. ; Dee Moines,
Iowa; Cedar Kapids, Iowa; and other places. Capacity one car load a day. Write at once for his
Catalogue. 2-95-t6

146

IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Hunt's Foundation

Led all others in the Government experiments. It exceeded the Given by 6>^ per
cent, and all the rest by 24>^. See Sept. Review, 1894, The Largest, Most Compre-
hensive Catalog of everything needed in the Apiary, FbEE. Cash for Beeswax, or
will make it up in any quantity. M. H. -HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. 4-95-8t

C

e
o
c

%

•^^^^»^»

SOUTHERN HOME \hi kej Bee

Where you can buy queens as good as the best,
either from an imported or a Golden Italian
mother ; guaranteed to be free from paralysis,
at 75 cents each, 6, «+ 00 ; 12, $7.50. Tested, $1.00
each: 6, p.iiO; 12, $9.00. After .June 1st. .50 cents
each for untested ; B, $2.50; 12, $4.00. Tested, (5
cents each;ti, $4.00; 12. $7.50. (iood breeders
$2.00 each. Straight Ave banded or ' faultless
queens, $2.50 e:.cli. Bees by the pound, io cents
a pound. All our golden, tested queens produce
five-banded workers. Satisfaction guaranteed
Descriptive circular free. Addres.s

HUFSTEDLER BROS..
1.95.9t. Clarksville, Texas.

GOLDEN QUEENS

m^ ppriM KANSAS.

Try my big, yellow, golden queens. They are
hustlers. Ready April 15th. One dollar each.
Three-bauded, same price. One-frame nucleus,
with queen, $2.0 i ; two frames, $2.50. Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. 4-9.5-2t
P. J. THOMAS, Fredonia, Kans.

f-lvHSe mention the Reuiew.

Theodora B^od^r'j

ITALIAN QUEENS

Are bred for Busiiipss, Beauty and (Jentleness.
He makes a speciahy of breeding fine Italian
queens that rank with the best in the world.
Untested queens in May, $l.-,'5 eacii; .June, $1.00
each, or six for $5.00; .July to October, 75c. each
or six for $4.25. Tested (pieens $1.50 each.

Send for free illnsi rated circular to
THKODOK'I'J BENDER

6.94. tf !>- Fulton St.. Canton, Ohio.

yiease mention the Re.uiew.

Oh, Why DoiVt You
Look to Your hiterest,

And get my ('AT.\LO(i OK EfVE-HANDED
QUEENS ? It also describes my importoil iiiid
fine bred Italians and silver gray (^arniolans
warranted pure, and all kinds of bccvkeeper's
sapplies. Address

C. B. BANKSTON.
4.9i>.tf ('hriesman, Texas.

PteasK mention the Reuiem-

Printing, Pres^ for Sale

In the office of the Review is a toot-power,
self-inking. Nonpareil^ printing press with a
chase 6 X 10 inches in size. This press is in per-
fect order and belong.s to a compositor who has
set a large proportion of the type for the Re-
view, but poor health compels him to go West,
and the press must be sold. .Any one in need of
such a press can secure a bargain by addressing
CHAS. FELLOWS, Jr ,

Flint, Mich.

Bees Scooped !

I have at last succeeded in buying all the bees
within 2)^ miles of my home apiary, except five
colonies, and these I have Italianized and have
permission to control their drones. This prac-
tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
experience in breeding and experimenting with
Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for
business" from my own importations and Doo-
little's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, 8 -frame,
I). T hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, $27.50; lOcolonies,
$.50.00; one frame nucleus, $l,ru ; two frame,
$1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to
the above. During March and April, one tested
queen, $2.00. Select to.sted (pieen, $3 00. After
May Ist, one tested queen. $1 .50; 3 for $4.00; 6
for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens
as early as the season will permit of their being
reared, one for $1 00 ; 3 for $2.25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 12
for $6 75. I have over 100 tested queens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
colonies to fill extra early orders.

Contracts for hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian queens on reason-
able terms

i 95 12

JOHN n- DAVIS,

Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn.

MARRY THIS GIRL-SOMEBODY!

niii. Kditok:— I Btiiiiu'd a liluf silk dress with
lemon juice; what will restore tlie <()lor? I am
making lots of money selling the Climax Dish
Washer. Have not made loss than Slii any day I
worked. Every family wants a Dish Washer, and
pay t^ (jiiickly when they see the <iiKhes washed
and <iried perfectly in one minute. T sell as many
washers as mv linifhei-, ami he is an old sales-
man. I will cleai:?.'!. 011(1 this year. Address the
<^limax Mf!z. Co.. CoIuiuIhis, Ohio. Anyone oan
do as well .-IK I am doiiiL' M.XCIJIE K.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

147

WRITE U5-

Hefore ordering your sections and we
will give you HOTTOM PRICES on
the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top ordt-r. :inil cnn

till orders on short notice. Lei us heiir

from you for prices.

U. FORNCROOK & CO

Jan. Ist. KSiH.

Watevtown. Wis.

TEXAS

i QUEENS

Has .-I (!!liuiaf'' \Vh' re

<'!iii b" rciuni ."iliiKist

the vp ir round,

.lENNiE ATCHLEY,
living in this State, at Bee\illee. can furniali
tested. :{ banedd Italians. It $1 fiO each ; "ibandid
or Caruicdan S-.50 each Untested, either race
$1.00 each, six for $.i.(»0. or S9.00 per dozen,
till June; after .June 1st., 7.t cts. <-ach ; six
for 84.2.'); or gS t)0 per dozen. Fine breeder of
oitlier race, or imported queens, $5.00. 1 95tit

Please mention the Review.

4-

.Just to show you what big, yellow queens I
am rearing, J will, for the next thirty oays, sell,
at "ifi cts. each, untested queens reared from a
mother valued at fifty dollars. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Never any disease among my bees.

V. J. POREHaWD, Pt. Deposit, AIa.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES. SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM.

194-12t. RIVER PALLS. WIS.

Please mention f/i« ftevipia.

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. 2. Write for special
prices on winter orders in large or small lots,
including all other Supplies. Also Berry Crates
and BasKets made up or in flat.
Address BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,

3.95-6t Berlin Heights, O.

Rubber Piinling Stamps

Solid rubber type, self -inking pads, dating
stamps, supplies, etc., for bee-keepers. Send
for catalogue and samples of work.

C. W. BERCAW,
2-95-6t Fostoria, Ohio.

flSflO WM

Are usually sold for $2.00. I will explain
why I wish to sell a few at less than that.
As most of my readers know, I re-queen
my apiary each spring with young queens
from the South. This is done to do away wit;h swarming. If done early enough it is
usually successful. It will be seen that the queens displaced by these young queens
are never more than a year old; in fact, they are fine, tested, Italian queens, bight in
THEIR PRIME ; yet, in order that they may move off quickly, and thus make room for
the untested queens, they will be sold for only ONE DOLLAR. Or I will send
the Review for LSy.i and one of these queens for only $1.75. For $2.00 I will send the
Review, the queen and the book " .\dvanced Bee Culture." If any prefer the young,
laying queens from the South, they can have them instead of the tested queens, at
the same price. A discount on large orders for untested queens. Say how many are
wanted, and a price will be made. Orders can be filled as soon as it is warm enough
to handle liees and ship queens with safety,

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

148

THE BrE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

f
i

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections. Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHJ^S. DADAMT & SON, Hamilton, IIIS. ^

■■•■"• r^

Please mention the Revie'

Illustrated Ailvertlsements Attract Attention.

cms Furnlsliefl for all lUnstratiug Purposes.

Please mention the Review.

A Q II U To my customers and friends :
I X \M f\ I'loase remeinbor that W H.
J^ 1^ if If Laws is asain lieadquarterB for
Italian gueeus. I breed nothinj?
but lai'tic!, well-developod tjinpons, oither Golden
or ljPHtlit»r-oiil(ire(l. My (iolden strain is from
Duolittlo's oriffiiial ONk utJNDRKi) doi.i^ab queen
Heiit me after he li.id ruarod ovoi- 1.000 qneeus
from h(M'. For IjusiueisH .ami beauty, my bees are
unexcelled. Prioo of qiieoiiH, each. $1.00; six for
¥4.50. Testod, .^La.!. Breeders, $:J to $4. Ad-
dress
4-y5-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. (^o., Ark.

M. u.^M^^^'y^ WM Are the Italian queens

that 1 can send by relurn mail at $1.00 each or
six for S.'j.OO. Not one in UK) will prove mis-
mated, and any that do not urodnce three, band-
ed be>.s will be replaced. Tested (jueene, after
June l.'ifh. same price-as above. .') 9r)-tf

VV. H. PRIDGEN, (^hkek, North (Carolina.

A Tested Italian Queen Free

To any one buying IJ^ doz. untested queens.
Price of the latter, 60 cts. each. Tested, $1 .00 ;
select tested, $1.50; breodins, 8.3(X). ."i-^-it

STEWART BROS., Sparta, Teun.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and t'heap. Tlie trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shippiuR point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 OT 12t Indianapolis, Ind .

SAVE MONEY.

It is always economy to buy the best,
especially when the best costs uo more
than something' not hp'f so (.rood. Our
FALCON SECTIONS are ac-
l.--' >\vu'(lf,'e(i t(i he supiM-ior to ajiy on ■"'■e
market. The same is also true of our HIVES and lu'e-keopers' SUPPLIES
of which we raakeall 'iioderu styles. Our prices will bo found as low as triose of
any of our competitors, and in many cases lower, nnfl von .are always p'-re <.f sreti'^K
first-class proods Wo also publish the AMERICAN BEE KEEPER,
a monthly magazine (fifth year) at fiOc a vear, inva'r-n'Me "^ heginn""s. Lar"<^ ii'nu-
trated catidogue and iirice list free. Address THE W T. FALCONER
Mf'g Co., Jamestcwn, N. Y.

New England customers may
by purchasing of our Kastern
axont, Mr. W. M. Gerrish of Kant
Nottingham, Now Hann)8hire.

SAVE FREIGHT.

JUNE, 1895.

Yrar

150

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW,

RDVEHTISHMG l^flTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On KO lines and upwards, 8 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Liist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal. . . . ( 1.00)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)... .
Apiculturist ( .75)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 1 30.
. 1.65.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.-We quote as follows :
No. 1 white, 13 to 14; No. 1 amber, 11 to 12; No.
1 dark, 8 to 10; white, extracted,?; amber, ex-
tracted, 6 ; dark, extracted, 5. Beeswax, 22.
C. C. CLEMONS CO.,

June 6. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attaclied
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark," etc.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Demand for comb honey
slow. Extracted honey is in better demand.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13 ; No.
1 white, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1
amber, 8 to 9 ; fancy dark, 9 to H> ; No. 1 dark,
8 to 9 ; white, extracted, 6}^ to 7 ; amber, ex-
tracted, 6 to 61/^ ; dark, extracted, 5 to 5J^. Bees-
wax, 27 to 30.

H. R WRIGHT,
March 5. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

CHICAGO, 111.— There is not much comb
honey on this market, except some from Califor-
nia that has come in lately, and some of this is
candied. Extracted sells very slowly, but bees-
wax is active. We quote as follows : fancy
white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1, 13 ; fancy amber, 12 ; No 1
amber, 10 ; fancy dark, 10 ; No. 1 dark, 9 ; white
extracted, 6Y« to 7 ; amber, 5 to 614 ; dark, 5 to 6.
Beeswax, 30.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

May 6. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

BUFFALO, N. Y. — Market dull; no honey
selling to amount to anything. Extracted dull.
Beeswax in good demand We quote as follows ;
Fancy white, 12 to 13; No 1 white, 10 to 11 ; fancy
dark, 8 to 9; No. 1 dark, 6 to 7. Beeswax, 28
to 30.

BATTERSON & CO .

June 1. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,-The supply of honey
in this market is small, and the prospects are
that it will soon be cleaned up and prices go
higher. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 15 ;
No. 1 white, 14; No. 1 amber, I2V2 to 13; fancy
dark, 12 ; white extracted, 8 ; amber, 6.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

March 6.

NEW YORK. N. Y.-The demand for comb
honey is over ; white is well cleaned up ; some
buckwheat still unsold, and it may have to bo
carried over. In extracted there is some of last
year's California on the market and stock and
arrivals are more than suiiicient to meet the de-
mand. New crop southern is coming in freely
and it sells at from 50 to 65c. per gallon, accord-
ing to quality. Beeswax quiet but steady. We
quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13; fancy
amber, 10 to 11 ; fancy dnrk. 8 : white extracted >
6; amber extracted, 5 to SVz. Beeswax, 31 to 32.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

June 3 120 & 122 West Broadway New York.

EE SUPPLIES!

1 Send for free copy of ir.t.TTSTRATEl>

I C AT AI.OGUE— describing everything
useful to a B£I:-K££PI:R. Address
T. O. Neivman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago*

A Tested Italian Oueen Free

To any' one buying 1}^ doz. untested queens.
Price of the latter, 60 cts. each. Tested, $1 .00 ;
select tested, $1.50; breeding, $.300. 5-95-2t

STEWART BEOS, Sprla, Teuii.

(i NotMng Pleases Customers More tliaii to Have |

I Oueeens s<><t Promptly. |

5 Knowing this, we last faU reared a g)

ij large number of queens from the C

^ best of imported stock. They are now jj

^ the choicest of tested, Italian queens, ^

^ and can be sent by return mall, at C)

^ l.tX) each. Untested queens, 75 cts. each, jj

(5 or 8.00 per doz. 2-95-tf ©

I 1. w. K. SHAW & CO., LoreauvlDe, La. I

'3

P5-^:?i=f^^g|T<^j.;^<r^

:§)

©

S a lK)()k of nearly 100 pag-es that beg-ins with The
Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how thc}-
oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the
workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their
Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections. Supers and Sepa-
rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arranging-
Hives and Building-s and Shading the Bees are described.
Varieties of Bees, Introducing Queens and Planting for
Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of
Bees, Increase, Its Management and Control, and Contrac-
tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered ; after which
Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising
of Good Extracted Hone}-, and " Feeding Back" are taken
up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the
Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Migratory
Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at
Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the
question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases.
The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature,
Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also
chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping, Com-
forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee-
Keeping, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all.

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HOTCHlHSOH, Flint, Mich.

:©

152

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEi

Italian Queens

And Bees From my Original

FIWK - BAHDE^D

strain which gives such general satisfaction as
Comb Honey Ppodueefs.

Queens, warranted purely mated, in June,
$1.00 each ; six for $5.00 ; twelve, $9 50.

I aim to have the best— not the cheapest. For
full particulars, prices of tested queens and

Bee^I^eepefs' Supplies

Send for descriptive circular. 2-95-tf

C. D. DXJVHlili, Speneepvillc, Jild.

Gomb Foundation.

I have several hundred pounds of choice wax,
and while it lasts I will sell medium or heavy
brood foundation at 40 cts, and light surplus at
50 cts per pound. J. J. ANGUS,

Plymouth, Wis.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

P5S g

Names of Bee - Keepers.

TYPE WRITTEN.

IS!
_ _ £!

s m

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2..50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

Bees Froro tb^ South.

I shall have shipped to New York, from the
South, (via. steamer) during April and May,
cases containing eight frames of capped brood,
well covered with bees. These are just right to
build up colonies.

Per frame, 9iic. each. Three frames, 85c. each.
Eight frames, 75c. each. Sixteen frames, 70c.
each. Untested queens included for $1.00 extra.
Shipped from this city, safe arrival guaranteed

Catalogue of Bees, Queens and Supplies on
application.

I. J. STRINGHAM.

2-95-tf 105 Park Place, N, Y.

Dircft-Draft Perfect

BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

PRICES

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Enifo.

Patented May 20, 1870.

BINGHAM

Perfect Bee -Smoker and Honef Knives,

PATENTED 1878, 1882 and 1892

Uoctor 31/2 inch Stove, per doz. $12,00— Mail, $1 .75

Conqueror 3 " " " .. 11.00— " 1.50

Large --i^ " " " .. 6 00- " 100

Plain 2 4.75— " .70

Little Wonder .1% " " " .. 3 00— " .,50

Honey Knife " " " .. 7.00- " .80

BEST ON EARTH.
The three larger sizes have extra wide shields and double
coiled stool wire handles. These SHIELDS and H.VNDLESare
an AMAZlNd COMFOKT-always cool and clean. The Plain
and Little Wonder have narrow shields and wire handles. All Bingham Smokers lor 1,S95 have all the
new improvements, viz : Direct Draft, Bent (laj), Wire Handles, Inverted BeUows, and are ABSO-
LUTELY PERFE(;T. All genuine Bingham Knives and Beo-Smokere are stamped with date of
patent. ("Circulars sent free.

295 « T. F. BINGHAM, Abronia, Michigan.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

153

I GiPABLE • RELIABLE • PROMPT • EXCELLENT • CHEAP. I

3l5lfnFiriC»5rnririr5r!lT)C!l!!!P!l!rill!il!Slf3PTO.PTiE!TiFiF!B

plenty more atljectives that
used, but the above are suf-

THERE are
miRht be
ficieut .

Twenty years of experience, the largest fac-
tory of its kind filled with the most improved
machinery for the manufacture of HIVES,
SECTIONS, SUPERS, SHIPPING-
CASES. HONEY - BOARDS. ETC.,
ETC., n-arness to the pine forests of Wis.,
and an abundance of capital, indicate some-
thing of our capability.

We have customers in almost every town,
and inquiry of any of these will show our re-
sponsibility and methods of doing business;
or reference can be made to any of the Com-
mercial Agencies, to the Watertown banks, or
the North Western National Bank of Chicago.

Our large stock of lamlser and o finished
goods, and our extensive manufacturing and
shipping facilities enable us to fill orders
promptly. 3-95-4t

at:
at:

nK

3y

iiy
SQ
msi
ism
mm
mm
^m
mm

i3E
i3E

ge
iaE
mm
mm
mm
mm
aE
^f2
mm

Our hives are made of soft, white pine, judg-
ment being used in cutting so as not to leave
large knots or defective places, tlius giving an
excellent hive at a low price. Quality consid-
ered, you can scarcely buy in your home lumber
yard such material in the rough, at the cost of
hives bought of us and laid down at your door.
Our sections are of the whitest, winter -sawn
basswood, carefully sorted and accurately
manufactured

The advantages already mentioned, combin-
ed with the fact that we do a strictly cash bus-
iness, thus losing no bad debts, enable us to
furnish goods cheaper than they can be se-
cured elsewhere when quality is considered.

Hives and sections are shipped in a Parks,
patent basket box which makes a neat, strong
and extremely light package, thus saving
freight, while the box is worth from 25 to 50
cents after the goods are removed.

Send for descriptive price list.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

Illnstraied Advertiseinents Attract Attention.

Cuts Fnrnlsw for all illustrating Purposes.

A O II LJ To my customers and friends :
I A V| r\ PJoase remember thaf W H.
][_ ^J ^ If Laws is again headquarters for
Itnlian queens. 1 breed nothing
l>ut large, well-developed queens, either (iolden
f)r L°atiif>r-col< rod. My (inldt^n strain is from
Doolitflu's origiiialuNK HD.smiiD dollar qdekn
sent me after he liail reared ovoi' 1,(XH) queens
from her. For busine.>-8 and beauty, my bees are
unexcelled. Pricp of (jnecns, each. $1.00; six for
?:4..50. Tested, $1.25. Breeders, $i to $J. Ad-
dress

4 95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark.

Please mention the Heuiew.

A. I. RootN Goods, at their
prices near iioiiic We can save
yon Freight. Order early and
secure discounts. 32 page Cata-
log, free.

JOHN NEBEL&80N,
2-9.5tf High Hill, Mo.

Pfease mention the Reuieiv.

Qolden Italian Queens.

One untested queen before June 1st $1.

Six " " " " 5-00

.75
4.20
1..50
7..50
1.00
5.00

Six

One " " after

Six " " " "

One tested " before " ....

Six " •' " "

One " '* after '*

Six '

One selected tested for breeding, $3.00.

W. H. WHITE,

2-95-tf Deport, Lamar Co.. Texas.

Please mention the fleuieui.

WRITE MK

BEFORE BUYING QUEENS, and get prices
on my

OolderL Qiaeens,

Bred for business, beauty and gentleness.
J. D. GIVENS,
4-9.5-6t Box -i, Lisbon, Texas.

THE STIi ATTOM

American

GUITARS^' MANDOLINES

•H€ HilNDLED at »Ll TMt i.£*OI«iC ««tSlC STORES
Oafc, Aen. Srraseye Maplo. mahogany and Roaowooa.

JOHN F STRATTON St SCN,

M usical Merclianciise.

.«9 • 46 walker St.. aew rORI^

Please mention the Review.

154

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

You may be able to get Supplies at

GUT PRISES!

But how does the Workmanship Compare with ours at I |\9IISIQ P'RIC^ES ?

We are receiving daily, unsolicited, testimonials like this :

The a. I. Root Co. : The Dovetailed hives ordered of you some time ago arrived from
the railroad to day/and this evening I put one of the bodies together and must Bay it was just fun.
Those dovtailed pieces were " voost der fit." In fact, everything seems to me so far to be better than
the catalog promised or than I expected. I thank you for the promptness with which you filled the

This explains our great flood of orders. Thirty-six page Catalog

OF

■-ISCftfl

() sweat steals down the heated cheeks and
aching back of the bee-keeper as the re-
sult of standing in the hot sun puifing, blowing, smoking and brushing bees ; no time is
wasted in these disagreeable operations, and no stings received in resentment of such treat-
ment ; the honey is secured free from black or even the taint of smoke ; the cappings are
not injured by the gnawing of bees ; and robbers stand no show whatever. If there are any
broken burr-combs they are cleaned up by the bees inside the hive, before the honey is re-
moved. Leading bee-keepers use the PORTER escape, and say that without a trial it is im-
possible to realize the amount of vexatious, annoying, disagreeable work that it saves. The
cost is only 20 cts. each, or $2.25 per doz. As in the past, this escape is manufactured by the
Porters, but The A. I. RootlJCo. has secured control of the sale for this country. Order of

your dealer or of jhe A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

> Please cut out this whole advertisement, sign and mail it to rV7

56 FIFTH AVE., CHICAGO, ILLS.

tS^ Please send me the American Bee Journal for 3 months ( 13 numbers ). At
the end of that time 1 will send $1.00 for a year s subscription, or 25 cts. in case I
decide to discontinue. You will please address me as follows :

NAME,

Post Office, STATE,

The 5ee-)\eepeps' |ie\^ieLu

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$1,00 A YEAR,
w. z. HDTCHDJSON, Editor and ProDrtetor.

VOL. VIII. FLINT, MICHIGAN,, JUNE 10. 1895. NO. 6.

W'ork at ]VCiGliigan.'s

Experiniental

^piarv.

B. L. TAYLOB, APIABI8T.

WINTEB EXPEBIMENTS.

pESIUES the
XJ five colonies
included in Table
A 1 have a record
of thirty - seven
others which were
carefully weighed
both when they
were put into the
cellar in the fall
and when they
were taken out in
the spring, three
of which were given upward ventilation by
slightly raising the cover during the time
they were in the cellar ; and also of thirteen
which were in like manner given upper ven-
tilation but were not weighed. An attempt
has been made to classify the thirty-seven
colonies weighed according to certain char-
acteristics, in order to bring out as distinctly
as possible such lessons as may be taught by
the experiment, which appear in detail in
the tables to follow. The weights were taken
both fall and spring of the hives divested of
their bottom boards. The estimate of
strength was made when the bees wer« close-

ly clustered and none flying, soon after their
removal from the cellar. As to the in-
fluence of mould I do not find any satisfac-
tory indications that it affected successful
wintering one way or the other.

The average strength of the entire lot of
thirty-seven colonies was ().59, average fall
weight 53.52 lbs., average spring weight
42.20 lbs., average consumption 11.32 lbs.,
average consumption per unit of strength
1.72 lbs.

The classification in the first four tables,
B and E inclusive is according to the absence
and to the different degrees of the signs of
the voiding of excrement.

The table given first ( B ) includes all those
which showed none of those signs.

The amount consumed by the bees in this
class was 1.57 lbs. per unit of strength.

The ten colonies included in table C next
following, are those showing signs of excre-
mentitious matter in the smallest degree.

In this case the consumption of stores per
unit of strength was 1.75 lbs.

Table D includes seven colonies in which
diarrhoea had been present in a degree about
midway between the class which had a little
and that one which had it much.

This class consumed 1.M4 lbs. per unit of
strength.

The remaining three of the thirty-seven
colonies showing much voiding of excrement
are given in table E

These colonies consiimed 2.11 lbs. per unit
of strength.

156

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEvv.

Designa'on

Weight

Weight

Stores con-
sum'dfrom

Signs of

Signs of

Spaces
occupied
by bees.

Standing

Upward

of Colony.

Fall, lbs.

Spring, lbs.

Nov. 22 to
Apr. 8, lbs.

Excrement

Mould.

Strength .

tion.

No. 1

55M

mi

654

None.

None.

5

6

Yes.

No. 2

43

35^

!}/&

"

*'

4

4

No.

No. 3

34M

27

7?4

"

"

4

3

No. 4

56 14

44M

111/2

"

"

6

7

No. 5

58^

48

10^

"

**

7

8

No, 6

47^

2&%

854

"

*'

5

5

No. 7

47M
65^1

m-4

10%

'*

6

I

No 8

50

i5;/2

**

6

9

No. 9

60%

4614

1454

"

^*

6

7

No. 10

4014

32

m

'•

^'

4

4

No. 11

45M

331/2

12M

"

"

3

4

No. 12

43

35/2

754

"

"

6

6

Yes,

No. 13

40

3414

5%

"

7

9

No,

No. 14

41%

3154

10^

"

"

5

5

"

No. 15

55%

15

"

'•

8

10

No. 16

52^

47

6M

"

Some,

6

7

No. 17

65J4

54

1154

Some.

6

7

Total

869

699-50

16956

108

Average. .

51.11

41 14

997

6.35

No

1

No.

2

No.

3

No.

4

No.

5

No.

6

No.

7

No.

8

No.

9

No.

10

Total .

Average

U14

33%

1054

a little.

none

4

6

none

6-2%

49

13M

■'

"

7

10

60M

44

1694

'*

some

6

8

541/2

44^

10

"

[none

6

7

60^

49

IIU

"

much

5

5

4454

37%

6%

"

none

5

6

1 59

44%

14M

"

'■

7

9

6354

46%

15%

"

"

7

8

65

50M

"

"

5

6

4954

3554

14

6

8
93
7.3

563.25

435.50

127.75

56.33

43.55

12 78

D

No. 1

49^

41M

m

some

none

6

6

none

No. 2

54%

5m

3014

105^

"

"

7

9

"

No. 3

3754

m

"

"

3

3

"

No. 4

57

47%

914

"

some

6

6

"

No. 5

581/4

45:^

1:^54

"

none

4

6

"

No. 6

48

35

13

"

"

5

6

yes

No. 7

621/2

46%

15%

some

5

6

no

377.75

300.50

77.25

42

6

Average . . .

53 96

4292

11 01

E

No. 1
No. 2
No. 3

54
55
61

42

40
43

12
15
17

much

none
some
a little

5

7
7

5

8
8

no

Total

170.25

126

44.25

21

Average . . .

56 75

42 .

14.75

7

F

No. 1
No. 3

No. 3

55%

48

43

49
35
35^

6^
13

none
some
none

none

5

5
6

6
6
6

yes

Total

146.75

119.75

27

18

Average . . .

48 92

39.92

9

6

As would naturally be expected the amount
consumed increases steadily with the evi-
nce of a deposit of excrement. Whether

the too great consumption of food caused
the voiding of the excrement, or whether the
conditions leading to the voiding caused the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

167

Consumption, or whether some other condi-
tion, as moisture, was the cause of both,
may be made a question ; they will at least
be interesting subjects for further experi-
mentation. It was perhaps unfortunate that
the bees were so well supplied with natural
stores last fall that no feeding was necessary,
as a considerable number of colonies sup-
plied exclusively with stores of sugar syrup
in combs free from bee-bread would have
added interest and value to the experiment.
Besides the colonies included in table A,
only three of the colonies weighed were
given upward ventilation and the condition
of these is given in table F.

that the upward movement of the air dis-
quiets the bees and causes a larger propor-
tion than otherwise would to leave the clus-
ter and perish.

Making selections from the colonies on
other lines we get some curious if not in-
structive results. I have taken the six
strongest ones of the thirty-seven and pre-
sented them in table G.

In this case the consumption of stores per
unit of strength is 1.34 lbs. In like manner
the five weakest ones are given in table H.

In this case the consumption per unit of
strength is the remarkably large quantity of
2.39 lbs., 78 per cent, greater than in the oth-

G

Designa'on Weight
of Colony. Fall, lbs.

Weight
Spring, lbs.

Stores con-
sam'd from
Nov. 22 to
Apr. 8, lbs.

Signs of
Excrement

Signs of
Mould.

;Space8

occupied

by bees.

Standing

as to
Strength.

Upward
Ventila-
tion.

No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Fo. 4
No. 5
No. 6

40

59

70^

62 i^

654

64%

u%

55%
49
.50
.54 ¥

5-M

15

13%
15^
10^

none
a little

none
a little

none

some

none

7
7

s

7
6

7

9
9
10
10
9
9

no

Total

362.75

288

74.75

56

Average . . .

60.46

48

12 46

9.33

H

No. 1

No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5

43

34%

40M

45%

374

354

27
32

30^

74
7%
8^
12^

none
some

none

4
4

1
3
3

4
3

4
4
3

no

Total

201.25

158.25

43

18

Average . . .

40.25

31.65

8 60

3.60

As will be seen these colonies consumed
less per unit of strength, l.M lbs., than even
those in table B but taken alone the number
of colonies is too small to warrant the pre-
diction of any conclusion upon them, but
there were thirteen other colonies given up-
ward ventilation but not weighed and of
these five showed signs neither of diarrhoea
nor mould, four showed a little diarrhoea
and no mould, one a little diarrhcjea and
some mould, two showed some diarrhoea and
no mould, and one much diarrhoea and no
mould. The average strength of these latter
was only .5.54 the least strong of all the
classes where division is not made with ref-
erence to strength. My conclusion is that
upward ventilation appears to increase some-
what the tendency to an accumulation of
fieces and also at least in this experiment
to decrease the strength of the colony and if
this appearance is real we may conclude

er case. Here seems to be an added reason
why "keep your colonies strong" is good
advice. These results are not particularly
surprising, perhaps, for more heat compara-
tively would be lost from a weak colony, and
this loss must be made good by increased
consumption, but having these results in
mind and selecting and comparing the col-
onies heaviest in stores with those lightest
in that respect, one would be apt to be some-
what surprised for the division appears to
be upon much the same lines as in the last
two tables, since in many cases the heaviest
colonies are strongest, and lightest weakest.
I selected the twelve heaviest, each one
weighing without its bottom board more
than sixty pounds when put into the cellar,
and I found their average strength 7.7.'), aver-
age fall weight 63. 4G lbs., average consump-
tion 14.33 lbs., and the consumption per unit
of strength 1.85 lbs. The nine lighter ones

158

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVj

had an average strength of 5.11, average fall
weight of 41 lbs., and an average consump-
tion of 7.93 lbs., and the comsumption per
unit of strength of 1.55 lbs., the consump-
tion of the heaviest ones being in excess by
more than 19 per cent. These results sug-
gest that a great surplusage of stores causes
unnecessary consumption, and it might be
suspected that there had been an over esti-
mation of the strength of the lighter col-
onies but a careful comparison with the re-
sults in the tables G and H where the sugges-
tion would be that the weaker ones had been
underestimated would have a tendency to
remove that suspicion. These results and
those tables in reality seem to emphasize —
in fact to prove each other.

Lapeer, Mich. May 23, 189.5.

A Safe and Kapid Method of Queen Intro-
duction.

L. A. ASPINWALL.

It may seem strange,

That a stranger.
Should not appear
Strange.

/arOM PARABLE
13 with the fatal-
ities in wintering,
the loss of queens
attendant upon in-
troduction, be-
speak the skill of
the bee-keeper.
Those who are suc-
cessful in one are
usually so in the
other. A review
of our failures as
amateurs will cer-
tainly recall with regret the loss of valuable
queens. My own experience dates back to
boyhood days in ISGO when I purchased my
first Italian queen from that noble and gen-
erous hearted bee-keeper, Mr. M. Quinby.
That queen which cost me $5 was lost
through introduction, although the method
prescribed by Mr. Quinby was followed
closely. I connot here refrain from ex-
pressing my gratitude and admiration, for
the kindly act on the part of Mr. (Quinby in
sending the boy bee-keeper another queen
free of charge. The sweet memories of it
frequently recall those early days in bee-
keeping.

The difficulty in obtaining uniformly SUc--
cessful results is due to the varied conditions
of our colonies. These conditions which
vary from time to time are not generally un-
derstood ; hence, the degree of uncertainty
which attends the work, even with those
skilled in the pursuit. The circumstances
of a honey flow, whether the introduction
is to be made in, or out of the swarming
season, whether the colony has a laying
queen or otherwise, also, the amount of
brood, if any ; all these are factors in queen
introduction which should be taken into con-
sideration.

If the queen of a populous colony be
caged four or five days during the swarming
season, the chances are she will be destroy-
ed upon being released. Increase of the
colony depends upon continuous egg laying
during that period ; and any interruption
which affects the progress of brood-rearing
is attributed to the queen, she being re-
garded by the workers as defective. This is
a fact which should teach us the importance
of a rapid method. Any delay in intro-
duction (release), by which breeding is in-
terrupted, will cause the building of queen
cells, and, in most instances, prevent accep-
tance of a queen.

It is extremely difficult to introduce queens
into colonies which have been long queen-
less during the swarming season. At other
times it is readily accomplished. Of course
the amount of brood becomes lessened, when
we have the 4th factor under consideration.
As this period corresponds with the appear-
ance of virgin queens after swarming, queen
cells will be readily accepted, at which time
a laying queen is regarded as an intruder,
or, possibly defective, and cause of decline
in the colony.

The circumstances of a honey flow, (the
first factor), so modifies the conditions of
introduction that we may safely present our
queens by the most rapid methods, provided,
the other conditions are favorable.

Having presented the difficulties which at-
tend queen introduction, let us consider a
method which is comparatively easy, and
scarcely interrupts the working of the col-
ony. The method is one I have employed
the past three seasons to the exclusion of all
others. It consists of a cheese-cloth cage.
The frame is wood to which the covering is
secured by small tacks. As the material
costs but five cents per yard they are quite
inexpensive. Muslin will not answer. To

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

159

make the frame, take a pioce of soft wood
V in. X ^2 iu. x.".'.2 iu. louy for the top bar,
and two pieces l'^' iu. loiit; for the euds —
bore a quarter iuch hole marly throuyrh one
eud piece iu the direction of the greatest
width, preferably near one eud, to receive

FRAME - WOBK OF CAGE.

food for the queen. With 11^ inch brads
nail through the top bar iu the direction of
the greatest width into the end pieces, mak-
ing a frame without bottom bar l^X in. x l}-2
inches inside measurement. The food hole
should be below. Over this frame fasten
the cheese-cloth using eight small tacks,

CAOE HEADY FOR THE QUEEN.

leaving one corner open to receive the queen.
The cloth in width should not exceed the
frame in length, and for cool weather may
be slightly less. To hold it between the
frames when introducing, two small pieces
of tin are fastened to the top bar so as to
swivel upon the nails which hold the frame
together.

CAGE ALL BEADY FOB THE HIVE.

A cheese-cloth cage cannot be opened, or
a release effected in less than from five to
twelve or more hours. While so occupied the

bees are filled with excitement over the pres-
enc9 of a queen, which tends to raise the
temperature and impart a like scent to both.
The first recognition is by scent only, there
being no contact through the meshes as iu
wire cloth cages, thus creating animosity
wliicli requires time to overcome. A gradual
opening of the cage also favors feeding and
making acquaintance with the new queen.

Although the cage is opened slowly, the
method is rapid, and precludes any prepara-
tion for queen cells.

The colony to receive the queen must be in
a normal condition. During the ordinary
season it must contain a queen, and brood in
the regular stages. An artificially formed
colony, made with brood combs and bees
from three or four colonies will not answer.
Being composed of bees strange to each oth
er, they seemingly sulk for a day or two.
Such a colony should be furnished with a
cell, or, after their construction and remov-
al, the cheese-cloth cage will work admira-
bly. As already stated the colony must be
in a normal condition ; and certaiuly, that is
just the condition of most colonies into
which queens are introduced.

Although, formerly, I removed the queens
to be superseded, in the morning, or about
eight hours previous to introduction, I now
wait until afternoon or towards evening,
when no time is given between removal of
the old queen and placing the cage in posi-
tion. In the autumn I prefer to introduce
after making the colony hopelessly queen-
less. At this period idle bees and the ten-
dency to rob increases their vigilance, and
enables them to detect strangers more read-
ily.

The queen should be enclosed within the
cage just previous to opening the hive for
her reception. A supply of food, either from
the shipping cage or prepared by mixing
honey with pulverized sugar forming a thick
paste should be placed in the food hole.
Neglect to furnish food will often result in
starvation of the queen. In order to prevent
an escape of the queen by flight, I usually
perform the work of caging indoors. Open
the cage sufficiently to receive her. Great
care should be exercised when handling a
queen. By inclining the cage upward she
can generally be induced to enter. Allow
no bees to accompany her ; after which,
draw the cloth in place and secure it by press-
ing the tacks instead of driving them and
jarring the queen. I usually save the escort

160

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViilW.

bees by placing the cage over night at the
entrance of a strong colony, antl release by
removal of the candy plug in the morning.

When removing a queen to be superseded,
the colony should not be irritated. By the
proper use of smoke and the avoidance of
rough manipulation all will work well. Af-
ter removing a queen, avoid killing and
leaving her near the hive, as the keen recog-
nition by scent might prevent successful in-
troduction. During the interval of caging
the hive may be left open, unless there is a
failure of honey, at which time robbing is
likely to occur. To place the cage or arti-
ficial queen cell in position, a little smoke
should be used. After turning the swivel
tins to a right angle, insert between combs
of the brood nest towards the front of the
hive. Should the top bars be spaced I4 inch
apart, spread them at the front end suf-
ficiently to receive the cage, close the hive,
and the work of introduction will be accom-
plished. The colony should remain undis-
turbed for twenty-four hours at least, unless
a removal of the cage is desired, which will
cause little or no disturbance the following
morning.

It may be well to state, that out of some
fifteen or sixteen colonies into which queens
were introduced last season, two constructed
cells, and at the end of eight or ten days
swarmed in the regular way. The issues be-
ing early in August when swarmmg seldom
occurs, I attributed it to introduction. How-
ever, during the examination after intro-
duction a glance over the combs will enable
us to detect the presence of cells, and act ac-
cordingly.

As a test of the above method I have in-
troduced into a single colony, three queens
in as many consecutive days before having
one balled. Of course daring that period
egg laying is suspended, while those previ-
ously laid will have been hatched, causing an
interruption which would naturally result
disastrously.

Although I have introduced queens by this
method in October, and in one instance on
the 9th day of March in order to save a val-
uable queen from loss by wintering, more
precaution is necessary.

In view of the foregoing, I would advise
beginners to introduce their (jueens during
the summer months, and if possible during
a honey flow.

B. Taylor Defends and Explains his Posi-
tion Regarding the Divisible Brood
Chamber.

B. TAYLOK.

Jaokson, Mich.

May 14, mx>.

T HAVE been read-
1 ing Mr. Heddon's
article in regard to
the divisible brood
chamber hive and
desire to say a few
final words in reply.
Mr. Heddon's threat
of making it cost
three to five thou-
sand dollars for me
to prove my claim,
is amusing. I would
not spend five cents to secure the undivided
title to all the patents on hives now in force.
Mr. Heddon has what is termed a combina-
tion patent. A right to the exclusive control
of an arrangement of thumVj screws and
tight-fitting closed-end frames in a shallow
box. I have no doubt he can hold this com-
bination against all claimants. As for my-
self, while I never thought for a moment of
contesting his claim to the principle of a
divisible brood chamber, yet I do not be-
lieve his patent covers the principle of using
two or more hives on top of each other for a
brood chamber. I do not believe any
claimant for a patent to control this right
can get such a patent. If such a patent were
granted, I am quite sure the U. S. courts
would annul the claim. If they did not, then
no person would dare to set two hives togeth-
er for a brood chamber, and this has been
practiced for centuries. No man can or
should monopolize this right.

I have now explained myself in this part
of the matter so no person can easily mis-
understand me. The readers of my articles
in the bee journals know I have never writ-
ten anything like this before ; that every
thing I have written in the past was calcu-
lated to benefit Mr. Heddon.

When it was sought some years ago to
have me enter the field of controversy in op-
position to the Heddon claim, I positively
refused. My feelings were not hostile to Mr.
Heddon. T regarded him as being of my
own faith and order and desired to be friend-
ly with hiui. I am not unfriendly now, but
have not considered myself under any obli-
gation to him for several years, for when I
wrote to him some years ago about my ex-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

KU

perieuce with divisible brood chambers, lie
broadly hiuted that I better not go to lyin<j
about it, I dropped the matter ; and if Mr.
Heddon had not begun a lot of abusive slurs
about me in his Quarterh/ and in other pa-
pers, this article would never have been
written. In his article in the Review Mr H.
says : " Then Bro. Taylor mentions the sec-
tional brood chamber, the essential feature
of my patent, and states that he is still using
it and preferring it. He also claims to have
used such brood chambers previous to my
invention, but does not claim to have shown
them to any one until several years after my
patent was issued."

I will answer the last part of this state-
ment first. I have repeatedly stated verbally
and in writing that at least one bee-keeper
changed his apiary from Langstroth to my
divisible brood chamber hives in the late
sixties (Mr. I. Ingmondsouof Leroy, Minn.)
I have frequently stated that the divisible
brood chamber could be used to good effect
in accomplishing certain things, but if I
have ever written that I preferred it to all
otJiers, I ask any person that has seen such
statement to point it out, for I never con-
sciously made such a statement. I never
have said positively what kind of a hive I
would prefer if I had to choose a final hive
for my own use. For thirty-five years I have
supplied most of my neighbors in this sec-
tion with hives, but I have never manufac-
tured any kind of hives expressly to sell. I
have always made, on a large scale, such
hives as I preferred for my own use, kept a
large stock of them on hand, and when any
of my friends wished to purchase I recom-
mended these hives. I have never used the
double brood chamber in any but my home
yard. In the out yards I have always used
fall brood chambers exclusively, and I have
always secured from the out yards as good
crops as from my home yard and with as
little labor, every thing considered. The
largest yield of comb honoy I ever secured
from a whole apiary (147 pounds per colony)
was from one of these out yards of foil brood
chambers. I have never recommended the
double hives to my friends who come to buy.
They would, as a rule, take anything I rec-
ommended. The double brood chamber is
a good hive. I once thought it was better
than any other for wintering. I now know
that it is the bees (lii'insflves. and not the
hives that make wintering safe in this cli-
mate. We cannot begin wintet with a lot of

old bees and have them live until flowers
come six months later. This is tiie key to
the wintering problem. With the right kind
of a colony, and plenty of stores, any kind
of a hive will do. I have lost more bees in
the double brood chambers this winter and
spring than in any other. It was not the
fault of the hives, but I believe I have been
over-enthusiastic in their favor. I have used
them for more than tliirty years. My chil-
dren have all grown up in their midst. The
youngest one is twenty-one years old and I
wish him to succeed to my bee business. I
have had wide experience, and I wished him
to have the benefit of it. Boys do not have
so good a chance to begin the battle of life
as they did in my youth. Patents and other
monopolies hedge them in on every side like
a stone wall. How strange I feel when a
bee editor of great experience chides the
poor working people because they do not all
go and take farms as his father did. Where
will they get the land, with not means enough
to buy two day's bread ? How will they do
it ? The women who are making the nice
shirts at thirty cents a dozen that we are
pleased to buy cannot do it. What a pity a
good man can be so thoughtless. I wanted
my boy to throw down all nonsense. The
battle would be hard enough then. I re-
solved to use but one style of hive hereafter
and a choice had to be made from the dozens
of good hives I have thoroughly tested ; the
double brood chamber among them. The
hive selected was the full brood chamber, *
wire-end-frame hive, that I invented thirty-
five years ago. I shall probably never make
another shallow, brood chamber hive. I
never have in the past desired to obstruct
Mr. Heddon in the use of his patent and I
will not in the future. I believe neither Mr.
Heddon nor the bee-keeping public can now
fail to understand me in regard to hives and
patents on them ; and now, brother Hutch-
inson, a word to you and I am done forever
with this subject unless otherwise compelled.
In commenting on the question of robbing
Mr. Heddon you say : " I think that Mr. B.
Taylor has no such object in view ; but I
must admit that it is probably unwise to
claim to have made and used a patented ar-
ticle previous to its p teutee, unless the one
making the claim is prepared and wishes to
])rore his claim." Now Mr. Editor I em-
phatically dissent from any such view 1
claim that it was not only wise but perfectly
just that I should tell all of my experience

162

THE BEE-KEEPERS' JttEVIEW.

and experiments in my half century of bee-
keeping. I claim I am under no obligation
to prove any thing about my experiments
further than that I am under obligation to
tell the truth. If what I have told has harm-
ed Mr. Heddon it is because I told the truth.
I am opposed first last, and forever to mo-
nopolies of all kinds and under all names. I
do not like the present patent laws because
they are one of the strongholds of monopo-
ly. Inventors should be rewarded, but as a
rule they are not. Capitalists are the ones
that get fat out of inventions. Poor men
invent machines, and poor men make them ;
but rich monopolists reap the benefit. I
crave neither fame nor fortune in connec-
tion with the double brood chamber. No
inventor does more than take an advance
step on the long journey that all useful in
ventions have traveled. If after I had seen
a case of sections for surplus honey I had
thought of using the idea for a brood cham
ber, I would not have been vain enough to
feel that I had made a tremendous leap. I
do not believe I was under any obligation to
cenceal my work because some speculator
might be hindered by the truth.
FoBESTViLLE, Minn. April 25, 1895.

Brief Outline of a System of Co-operative
Associations for Bee - Keepers.

W. F. MAKKS.

BELIEVE that the first and most impor-
tant question for bee-keepers to solve is
some popular system of thorouyli organiza-
tion ; and I believe that can be accomplished
if we only begin right. It is claimed tliat
owing to the large extent of territory and
the difficulty experienced in getting bee-
keepers together, that we cannot get a very
large or thorough organization.

As citizens we are not required to leave our
homes to take an active part in the manage-
ment of any political organization to which
we may belong. We can all attend the town
or ward caucus of our party. We do not all
go to the various conventions. It is not
necessary, and our organization would not
be any better if we did. In attending the
caucus we have registered our choice and
have taken a small but necessary part in di-
recting the course of our party organization.
If great political and various other organ
izations can be a success without all their
members meeting at some point in a mon

strous convention, why can not a bee-keep-
ers' association, if properly organized, be a
success under the same conditions ?

The plan of organization which I submit
for your consideration will not require the
bee-keeper to leave his own county to be-
come an active member of an organization
that will include every bee-keepers' associa-
tion ill the United States (and perhaps Can-
ada if the Canadians will adopt the same
plan) and all for the small fee that he pays
annually into the treasury of his local asso-
ciation. By this plan I believe we can get
bee-keepers interested in forming societies
in nearly every county in the United States.
I believe that a membership in any one of
these societies should entitle the party hold-
ing it to equal membership in all, excepting
the privilege of voting in the election of of-
ficers, the party to have such a vote only in
the association of which he is a resident
member and from which he received his cer-
tificate. In this way all associations become
co-operative.

Going one step further, I would form all
the county societies into a State association

to be known as the State Association

of County Bee-Keepers' Societies, each
coanty society to pay a small fee to the State
association which fee would make all mem-
bers of the county society members also of
the State society and entitled to all the
rights and privileges of that society (except-
ing a vote in the choice of its officers) the
officers of the State society and delegates to
the North American Association (hereafter
mentioned) to be elected by a committee
composed of two delegates from each county
society, chosen for that purpose. In this
way all county societies would have an equal
voice in the management of the State
society.

Further on, by this same plan, I would
form, through the several State and provin-
cial associations, each State and provincial
association to pay an equal fee, a North
American Association of Bee-Keepers' Soci-
eties, the officers of wliich would be elected
by an equal number of delegates from each
State and provincial association (said dele-
gates to be chosen as previously described.)
No one could become a member of any
State, provincial, or the North American
Association except through their local soci-
ety, and then they would be equal members
of all. You will observe that the local or
county societies are the very life of the

TH£ BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

163

larger societies and that under the proposed
mode of electing otticers there is not any
chance for the abuses that sometimes pre-
vail. The above plan is but crudely stated,
but can we devise a plan that will be more
co-operative and representative than some
modification of the above ? Of course the
North American and present State associa-
tions would have to be reorganized under
this system. We know that the old system
is not a success. What is the matter of this ?
Chapinville, N. Y. Jan. 21, 1895.

Shall the Bee - Keepers' Union Show Up
Frauds and Swindlers.

J. B. CASE.

¥HILE the Bee-Keepers' Union is no
doubt doing good along a certain line,
it does not have the members it would if all,
or nearly all, bee-keepers were satisfied that
it would be to their advantage to become
members. I submit >for discussion an
amendment somewhat as follows :

1st. That it shall be the duty of the man-
ager to examine complaints from members,
and to employ counsel if he shall deem it
necessary to bring to terms any person or
firm when it shall appear that such person
or firm is trying to defraud, swindle or cheat
in any way such member of the Union.

2nd. That the names of such persons or
firms who swindle, defraud, or whose busi-
ness methods are not satisfactory, shall be
printed, giving the cause of complaint, and
a copy mailed to each member of the Uuion.

Of course the above is only a rough draft.

The following persons would be interested :
Bee-keepers who ship honey on commission ;
who purchase supplies ; who buy queens ;
publishers of bee-journals ; supply dealers ;
queen breeders, and all buyers of honey.

A few words on the advantages of such an
amendment.

1st. The expense to the Union would not
be great.

2nd. There are swindlers among honey
dealers, or, at least, those whose methods are
unsatisfactory, those who do not keep their
promises and make shippers a great deal of
trouble to collect their dues, even if they do
get them. There are cheats, dead beats,
frauds or swindlers, who perhaps have been
in the business for years, and who write such
jAausible letters and are so honest (?) until

they get credit and then they patronize some
other fellow and the creditor cannot even
get an answer to his letters, or he is coolly
told that it is impossible to pay.

Now if these parties knew that the Union
would get hold of them they would be more
careful if they were /to»ies< (?) and if they
were swindlers their game would soon be
up. They would be compelled to stop busi-
ness or appear honest.

I have lost more or less money every year
for four years by parties who wrote very
plausible letters promising to pay on receipt
of queens, or at the end of the month or
something of the kind. A few are adver-
tisers. None, I believe, ever complained
about the queens bought of me. I know
some of these parties have served other
breeders the same way and will probably
continue until exposed.

It is aggravating to have some party prom-
ise to pay a bill by a certain date and never
even write about it until one or more letters
are written to him in reference thereto, long
after the time has expired.

Many times it is a great accommodation
to have a short credit ; but in my experience
there have been too many losses. A bee
journal can, in a measure, protect itself, as
the public may be warned against a dead
beat ; but the great mass of bee-keepers
have to "grin and bear it." Bee-keepers
have enough to discourage them without
losing more or less of their hard earnings by
dishonesty. If the editor approves, let's
have a discussion on this line.

PoBT Orange, Fla. Jan. 26, 189.5.

Sugar Cakes and the Winter Problem.— A
Reply to Mr. Heddon.

EMEESON T. ABBOTT.

f f pRES. ABBOTT read an essay at the late
I N. A. bee convention upon wintering,
in which he laid down very positive direc-
tions for bringing our bees safely through
the long, cold period of unnatural confine-
ment. It must surprise those who have read
the essay to find no mention of bee diar-
rhcea." — Heddon.

Mr. H. does not seem to get a clear con-
ception of the drift of my talk at the N. A.
In the first place, I did not write an essay
for the N. A., but put my views on paper af-

164

THE BEE-KEEPiJttS' REVIEW.

ter the convention was over, by request of
the Association. In the second place, I was
not discussing every phase of the winter prob-
lem, or at least I did not so intend, but I do
say now that after having lived in the world
for nearly fifty years, and having been a
reasonably close observer of matters in
which I have any interest, I am thoroughly
satisfied that about all there is to the " win-
ter problem," so called, is plenty of the right
kind of foodin the right j^lace. Friend H.
calls the confinement "unnatural." I can
see no more reason why it is unnatural than
are the icy surroundings of the polar bear ;
it is perfectly natural for bees to cluster in
the winter, and, as they have lived for thou-
sands of years in climates much colder than
that of the United States, one would reason-
ably conclude that they would have become
acclimated by this time, even though this cold
climate is not their native habitat. So I would
think that if the doctrine of the " survival
of the fittest " has any foundation in fact,
they long since would have adjusted them-
selves to their enviroments, if not interfered
with by the artificial methods of men.

Here is just where the trouble comes in,
and the only way to attain perfect success is
to get as near to the natural condition of
things as possible. This was what I was
trying to bring out in my talk at the N. A.
Diarrhoea is not "natural," but an abnormal
condition brought about by man's artificial
methods, hence, it would have no place in
the discussion of a natural method of win-
tering. I may say just here that I have nev-
er known a case of bee diarrhoea where bees
had plenty of healthy accessible food. The
bees of Missouri may have died extensively
of this disease at some time in the past, but
it hasnot been during my ten years' resi-
dence in the State. I may as well confess,
however, that I do not claim to know much
about bee diseases, for all of my knowledge
in this direction has come from others,
through books and personal contact : for I
have never been troubled with any kind of
disease among my bees.

Friend H. seems to be very emphatic about
the sugar cake in his climate, as he says, " I
know Mr. Abbott is not correct in his con-
clusions and statements." If I were not
discussing a theory, rather than engaged in
a personal controversy, I would remark in
the language of the famous Josh Billings,
" It is better not to know so much than to
know so much that is not so." Now, if

there is any merit at all in the sugar cake, it
is peculiarly suited to a cold climate, and
the further north one goes the better it would
be. It would not do at all in the south where
bees can fly almost every day, but where
bees are compelled to cluster for a long
period in order to keep themselves warm is
where the sugar cake tells, i have been ex-
perimenting with this sugar cake for the
last five years, if not longer, and I have nev-
er known a colony of bees to die in the win-
ter or become diseased in any way where
they had a sugar cake directly over the clus-
ter, and the upper part of the cluster came
in direct contact with the sugar. If any one
else has a different experience, let him or
her speak out, and not simply assume an air
of superior knowledge, and say I know it is
not so.

There are a large number of people on this
continent, and many of them have been do-
ing a deal of thinking about bees, who have
not been in the habit of putting their
thoughts on paper.

Friend H. seems to think that the heat of
the cluster will move lengthwise ; well, it
may up in Michigan, but that is not the
natural course which heat takes in Missouri.
He says, "It is stopped right there among
the bees, that would be a good reason for
using shallow frames." Now, this is what
most of it does do, as I shall show a little
further on, but this is no reason for using
shallow frames. H. R. Boardman, in an ar-
ticle in Glecmings has touched on some vital
points in the discussion of the subject, and I
quote from his article. He says, " I have
more than suspected that a plain box hive,
of the old type, with the combs built securely
to the sides and all around, furnishes better
conditions for wintering than the modern
movable-frame hive." I agree fully with
this statement. I have no doubt but there
would be less mortality among the bees if
they could all be wintered in box hives about
one foot square and four or five feet high.
Not long ago I saw a picture, in an old
Cyclopaedia of Agriculture, of just such a
hive. It was the kind used in Poland at the
time the book was written. If a hive of this
kind could be utilized for bee-keeping after
modern ideas and methods, then I surely
should favor such a hive. Mr. B. in enlarg-
ing on the merits of a square hive says fur-
ther, "At the beginning of cold weather the
brood will all be hatched. This will leave
^he lower part of the combs empty, upon

THE BEE-KLEPERS' REVIEW,

165

which the bees will be clustered. The stores
will all be above the bees, in the most favor-
able position to be protected aud preserved
by the heat ascendiiif^j from the cluster."
This touches the true philosophy of winter-
ing. There is heat inside the cluster, but
three inches from it in any direction but
one, it is just as cold as it is in the fartherest
corner. Now, if the hive is tall and there is
an abundance of honey above the cluster,
just as soon as all the honey is consumed the
bees open up the top of the cluster and let
the heat rise, and then follow it up.

The fact should not be lost sight of that a
cluster of bees does not radiate heat in all
directions as does a hot stove. The wall of
living bees on the outside is a non-conductor
of heat, and so confines all of the heat in-
side ; in fact, this is the reason the bees form
the cluster. They cannot warm the entire
hive, but they can keep a small portion of it
warm by using their own bodies to fence it
off ; so they do this and confine all of the
heat inside of this living wall.

Mr. Boardman probably did not have this
idea in his mind, but he brings it out clearly
when he says, in speaking of the disadvan-
tage of a long, shallow hive, *' If the cold is
severe and continuous throughout the win-
ter, how could any tlioughtful bee-keeper
hope or expect the dormant cluster of bees
to advance upon this frozen and candied
mass of stores, and be able to appropriate
them for food, with much chance of survi-
val ?" He goes on to explain how the bee-
keepers have tried to overcome this difficulty
by packing, etc. I have long insisted that a
hive could not be kept warm by a few inches
of chaff or straw around it, and I will have
to see better evidence to the contrary than I
have yet run across before I will change my
mind. The packing does protect the cluster
somewhat from the effects of cold winds ac-
companied by sudden changes, but an out-
side case will do just as well for this pur-
pose, and it is much more convenient in
every way.

This paper of Mr. Boardman's is full of
valuable suggestions and I think points in
the right direction to the solution of the
winter problem. The more I think and talk
about the matter the more I am convinced
that the hives in general use among the more
advanced bee-keepers of the present time
are not the proper shape for securing the
best conditions for winter. I was impressed
by a remark made to me this spring by a

German friend. He said, " The patent hives
are no good ; I have about twenty colonies
in old box hives and they are all right, but
all of those in the patent hives went dead."
Such statements furnish food for thought,
to say the least.
St. Joseph, Mo. May 20, 18%.

Notes From Foreign Journals.

F. L. THOMPSON.

REFERRING to Mr. Hasty's comment on
page 107, it should have been said that
extracted honey is 30 per cent, higher than
sugar in France. The figur^es are : Extract-
ed honey (average), 1 fr. 49 per kilo, or
about IB 1-5 cents a pound ; sugar, 1 fr. 15
per kilo, or about 10 1-5 cents a pound.
Sections are 1 fr. 50, 2 fr. and 2 fr. .50. I do
not know how much their sections hold, but
"American" sections are advertised in the
journals.

The experiments made to account for for-
mic acid in honey, given on page 70, were
apparently only introductory to others which
are detailed in the article in the American
Bee Journal referred to, entitled " The Real
Source of Formic Acid in Honey," in which
will be found a third alternative besides the
two Mr. Hasty mentions ; namely, that all
the formic acid necessary exists in the saliva
of bees, along with the inverting ferment
which changes cane to grape sugar.

Gravenhorst, commenting on the Aspin-
wall dummy combs for prevention of swarm-
ing (not in his journal) says that for years
he has prevented swarming on similar prin-
ciples, by alternating frames of foundation
or drawn combs with the combs of the brood
nest. The colony is thus put in the position
of a colony that has swarmed. But the op-
eration is not successful if queen cells with
eggs, and sealed drone brood, are already
present. He regards the Aspinwall method as
showing that the brood nest may be frequent-
ly inspected, in order to discover the earliest
indications of swarming, without going con-
trary to the principle of the most honey with
the least labor and expanse ; and, in order
to make frequent inspection easy, he main-
tains that no hive is superior to his own, in
which the condition of the brood nest is
ascertained, in the most satisfactory man
ner, by turning the hive over, without di
turbing the frames.

166

THE BEE-KEEPERS' MnJ/-^

La Revue Intebnationale. — Chas. Dadant
commenting on Schonfeld's conclusions in
regard to transmitting foul brood by wax or
foundation, says that they pay no attention
to the source from which they get their wax.
Their own bees have free access to the wax
before it is melted up. In a dearth of honey
the bees hover over and alight on the cakes,
which are allowed to accumulate in two
compartments to the amount of over a ton
each before being melted ; but they have not
had a single foul-broody colony, nor have
their customers ever complained of foul
brood introduced by their foundation.

A. Filet transferred a colony last year on
the 11th of April which had lodged in a
building. On account of the inconvenience
of the place, he did not get all the bees, but
secured enough to cover the worker brood,
which occupied six Dadant frames. He es-
timates that there was enough brood and
bees for five straw hives. They were in a
cavity under a wainscoted roof, between a
cupboard and the kitchen chimney of a
boarding-school, which gave a continuous
gentle warmth. The capacity of the cavity,
which was almost full, was over 9,700 cubic
inches. The highest combs were 4 ft. 7
inches deep ; the lowest 1 ft. 7 inches. They
were nearly a foot wide. The bees had been
there seven or eight years.

Francois Coquet keeps naphthaline con-
stantly in his hives, and has so far escaped
the foul brood, though it has destroyed all
the bees in his neighborhood.

According to Ulrice Gubler, Schonfeld
does not believe in the efficacy of any rem-
edy employed for the cure of foul brood,
and sees in the hesitation to immediately
destroy every infected colony the chief
source of its propagation. All antiseptics,
he says, doubtless destroy the bacilli with
which they come in contact, and are conse-
quently successful in the first stages of the
disease. But as soon as the nutriment of
' the bacilli gives out, they develoi) spores,
which settle on the walls of the hive, the
combs, the honey and the pollen, which
spores cannot be destroyed without employ-
ing disinfectants of such strength as would
kill the bees.

A number of years since Schonfeld found
that foul-broody wax which had been melted
with a low degree of heat contained living
spores, but when the same wax was purified
with salicylic acid and made into founda-
tion, none were found.

An attempt to send queens from Europe to
Madagascar failed in the summer, but suc-
ceeded in October and November, after
more favorable conditions for their passage
had been secured from the postal author-
ities. Benton cages were used. They were
sent to M. de Villele, a bee-keeper of Ken-
nion, an island 348 miles east of Madagas-
car, and introduced by him to colonies of
native bees, which have reared brood from
their eggs. Crosses will be looked for with
interest. The native bee of Madagascar was
named Apis unicolor by the entomologist
Latreille, hence considered by him a dis-
tinct species from Apis mellifica, but from
the description the difl'erenees do not seem
to be essential, in spite of the geological
period which has elapsed since Madagascar
was separated from the mainland. They
are small, and most resemble the bees of
Algeria, except that the abdomen is uni-
formly black and not marked by a difference
of shade on the segments.

Leipzigeb Bienenzeitung. — . Open - air
feeding has for three years been practiced
by Hantor Beck with success. Evidently he
does not regard the thinning of the food as
essential, as he uses honey combs saved for
the purpose from the previous fall. These
are uncapped and exposed in large quantities
near the hives, and when covered with bees,
spread all over the yard. W' hen there are
too many on one comb, they are shaken oft'
and the comb moved to another spot. By
never feeding out-doors before the bees are
in full flight, bees from other apiaries do
not interfere ; but stimulating feeding, he
says, should never be practiced in a com-
plete dearth of forage, before some sort of
natural harvesting has begun, either of pol-
len or honey. Only once a slight robbing of
one hive was setup, which he readily stopped
with carbolic acid. He always begins \}i to
two hours before sundown. As soon as it
begins to grow cool, an empty comb perfer-
ably old drone comb, is set in the place of
each honey comb, when the latter are cleared
of bees and removed. A roaring ensues in
the hives, as if after a day of plentiful flow.
Ho believes a quarter of a pound taken in
from outside does more good than a pound
fed inside.

Another bee-keeper, Herr Prang, has had
experience with lysol in curing foul brood.
Most of his apiary of 40 colonies had the dis-
ease in 18!)3, and was cured with lysol, by
feeding. It is to be presumed he has not

I'HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

167

had it since, as he says '' my experience en-
ables me to state witli ct«rtainty that feeding
with lysol will prevent and cure foul brood."
He found, however, that lysol alone was not
a practical remedy in all cases, as he was
obliged to keep feeding one colony in an ad-
vanced stage of the disease eight weeks be-
fore the brood became sound. Of three oth-
er colonies which showed signs of the disease
No. 1 was fed with lysol, the queen of No. 2
was caged, and No. M was let alone. No. 1
was soon cured. No. 2 went on developing
the disease after the queen was released, and
No. :3 soon reached an advanced stage. The
latter was cured afterwards by cutting out
part of the brood and removing the rest,
then feeding. In fourteen days it was per-
fectly healthy. He suggests that the brood
removed from such colonies may all be put
together, with a handful of bees, and set
aside to hatch out, when a new colony may
be formed by giving them a queen.

Gravenhorst is quoted as saying that the
bees which perish in the snow on taking a
flight are only the weak and sick ones, which
would soon die anyhow.

There is a right and a wrong way of using
feathers for brushing bees, according to
Herr Schweickert. He uses a single feather,
the fourth or fifth one in the wing of a goose,
heron or stork. For right-handed people it
should be from the left wing. It should be
used with the convex side in advance and
the narrower half next the comb, and furn-
ished with an elder or sunflower stalk for a
handle.

A. von Rauschenfels, editor of VAjncol-
tore, occasionally contributes to German
periodicals. He is called by Gravenhorst
" a bee-keeper of the first rank." In an ar-
ticle on uniting, he says it is no use to unite
in the fall ; if a queenless colony is used, the
added bees live just long enough to do their
share of eating until brood-rearing time and
then die : if a weak colony is used, the fact
that it is weak makes its proportion of young
bees not worth while reckoning, and one of
the queens must be killed. He keeps the
colonies separate, but winters them in the
same hive, one over the other, with an air-
tight partition between, and an additional
entrance, not too small, above. They are
united three weeks before the main flow,
when the extra queen can be disposed of at
pleasure.

H. Freudenstein cares diarrhuja by feed-
ing warm sugar syrup, without giving op-

portunity for a cleansing flight. If the
weather is cold, tlie food has to be brought
close to the cluster. His theory is that when
the food is good, diarrhua is not caused by
confinement or disturbance, but is the phys-
ical effect of a fear of perishing, which lat-
ter may be brought about by a giving out of
the stores on particular combs, by candying
of the honey, hopeless queenlessness, lack of
air, etc. It may be produced in summer,
for example, by boxing up bees without
brood or queen.

Herr Mulot contends that old bees are not
only as good, but better, for wintering than
young ones. If brood-rearing is stimulated
in the fall, the old bees, of course, wear
themselves out ; but by comparing the dead
bees of a colony which did not rear brood
late with those of one which did, they will be
found less numerous in the former, other
things being ecjual ; or if a queen of a differ-
ent race is introduced to a colony in Sep-
temfier, and brood-rearing incited, a greater
percentage of young bees will be found dead
later, on the bottom-board. The old bees
are the ones which work out of doors in the
spring, and start the develoi)ment of the
colony. The cause for the perishing of col-
onies consisting of old bees only is to be
found in the weakness of the colony as a
whole. He once united four queenless col-
onies late giving them a (lueen, in the fall,
none of which had had any young bees born
since the end of July. The resulting colony
wintered successfully, developed well in the
spring, and gathered considerable willow
honey in April.

The tariff on honey in Germany is at pres-
ent a little over two cents a pound. Ger-
many consumes annually over 77 million
pounds, of which 4() to 48 millions are pro-
duced at home. In 18!).'? over eight million
pounds were imported, of which over two
millions were from Chili, over one million
from Mexico, over two millions from the
Spanish Antilles, and nearly one million
from the United States : nearly 05,000 pounds
being exported. Last year the imports were
increased. There are some discrepancies in
these figures, which are given by a Herr
Seust. They may possibly be accounted for
by the " artificial honey " listed in the tariff.

Vogel, in the Noerdliche Bienenzeitung,
says the larv.e of bees are continually mov-
ing after their food, com))leting the circuit
of the cell every two hours, at which times
they receive a fresh supply ; so that they are
fed twelve times a day.

108

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE ^

L'Apioulteuk.— Abbe Baffert found that
colonies allowed an unrestricted number of
combs, or even an empty space in the hive
outside of the brood nest, developed just as
well in the spring as others which were con-
fined on only as many combs as they could
cover by means of a division-board, with
more added at intervals.

For the last two years, according to Abbe
Pincot, the Layeus hives of Aube, in France,
have yielded neither swarms nor honey,
though having as many as 18 frames of
brood. (The Layens is a sort of long-idea
hive, of twenty to thirty 141^x12 1-5 frames,
the longer dimensions of the frames verti-
cal.) But a bee-keeper of that region, with
90 hives of ten 13x13 frames, averaged 15
pounds of honey last year in supers.

Bienen-Vater.— A new smoker is illus-
trated and described by the inventor, A.
Zaehringer. The fire-barrel communicates
at the top with the middle point of a metal
tube a few inches in length, projecting from
a hollow rubber ball. The tube is bent at
right angles, so that the ball is brought with-
in the palm of the hand when the smoker is
hooked on the end of the sieve. An opening
in the lower part of the fire cup furnishes
the draft. It is very light, and cheap, and
its main advantage seems to be that both
hands are instantly free whenever desired ;
in fact, the hand which works the smoker
may be holding one end of a frame at the
same time. An occasional pressure of the
ball, which soon becomes an unconscious
habit, keeps the smoke always available. It
is said to have good staying qualities. A few
accessories transform it to an atomizer,
spray pump, and a " powder gun."

W. Guenther at the Vienna convention
brought out the point that in regions of but
one flow, and under certain circumstances,
hives with large brood nests caused a loss of
surplus. From the 4th to the 9th of June
last year the flow was good ; then bad weath-
er set in, but the queens went right ahead
with their work, and in hives without exclu-
ders there was swarm after swarm, or a har-
vest of bees, but very little honey ; while in
hives with a limited brood nest there was a
good surplus. In general, it was his experi-
ence that an abundant flow checked swarm-
ing. According to the ruport in the Bienen-
Vater, Guenther did not lay that result to
the size of frames employed, but to the size
of hives only, expressly stating that this
point did not depend on the size of frames.

Pastor Fulde in treating foul brood first
tried formic acid without success ; then
added 24 drops of lysol and 4 drops of car-
bolic acid to every ten pounds of feed or six
pounds of sugar, and gave a soup-plate full
to colonies of average size, varying the
amount according to strength. In three
weeks there was not a trace of the disease,
and swarming regularly continued. A dearth
of honey ensued, and hail storms weakened
his colonies. He therefore continued the
treatment, fearing a return of foul brood,
but it did not reappear.

Lysol is a patented article, manufactured
by a firm in Hamburg, Germany, and ex-
ported to other countries, retailing in Den-
ver for 75 cents per bottle of 100 grammes,
about 3I4 ounces. It is composed of the
antiseptic elements of tar, is said to be com-
pletely soluble in water, and not injurious to
the human organism.

The Vienna Central Association of Bee-
Keepera consists of 2,595 members, of which
2,175 are members of 75 branch associations.
Each member pays a fiorin (nearly half a
dollar) yearly, and receives the organ of the
association, the Bienen- Vater free. Through
these dues, and subsidies from the agricul-
tural and trade bureaus, and other sources,
its finances are in a flourishing condition.
Last year the income was about $2,700, of
which about $1,275 was dues and $900 gov-
ernment subsidies. It employs these means
for publishing the Bienen-Vater, for con-
vention expenses, and apricultural exhibi-
tions in connection therewith, for traveling
lecturers on apiculture (of which three were
employed last year), for premiums for the
best articles on chosen apicultural subjects,
and in aiding the branch associations with
hives, implements, and bee literature.

Abvada, Colo. April 29, 1895.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

¥. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year ih advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $1.00 ; ten or more,
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi ffiw
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued.

FL/I\IT, MICHIGAN. JUNE W. 1895.

Extra pages again this month.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

1B&

trOLDEN ITALIANS receive some hard knocks
through the bee journals, but the majority
of the orders that come to me ask for the
bright yellow queens.

The Southland Quekn is the title of a
new monthly of 22 pajjes and cover, pub-
lished at $1.00 by the Jennie Atchley Co., of
Beeville, Texas.

" More Honey Boom and less supply boom
is something that we must have soon, or
both will be dead together," is an express-
ion that I find in a letter written to me by
Mr. B. Taylor.

Wood-Base Foundation, the base of wood
being only l-48th of an inch in thickness is
being made by Schmidt & Thiele, of New
London, Wis. Of course, this kind of foun-
dation can never break nor sag. Neither
will that built on wires for that matter.

Don't Unqueen your colonies simply be-
cause you have ordered queens. Most
breeders can fill orders promptly now, but
your case may be an exception. Besides,
with the best methods of introduction, there
is no necessity, at this time of year, to re-
move the old queen until the new one is to
be put in.

Supplies are something that I don't care
to deal in, but several times this season I
have made a "dicker" for foundation and
sections, and I have more than I can use,
and if any of my friends are in need of
either I would be glad to have them write
me what they want, and if I have it I will
tell them the price at which I will sell.

Bees ahe Dying in some parts of this
county. I mistrust that it is of starvation.
The warm weather during fruit bloom
caused the rearing of large quantities of
brood, and now there is no honey to gather
and it looks at present as though there
would be none from white clover. Possibly
there will be some from alsike and bass-
wood.

The Honey Flow of one locality is short,
lasting not more than a month or six weeks ;
that of another locality lasts for months.
This point has great bearing upon the right
methods of management, and Mr. A. M.
Southworth, of Illinois, suggests that corres-
pondents in giving their methods ought al-
ways to say whether the season is short or if
tlie flow is long and steady.

Covers of different styles for hives are
now being fussed with, but I very much
doubt if a plain, simple l)oard, cleated at the
ends and well painted, will ever be improved
upon. I have used such covers a dozen
years, and the amount of warping and twist-
ing is so slight that it practically amounts to
nothing.

•■IjrH »^»»lt»kJi

Swakming may be prevented by inverting
the brood nest as often as once in nine days,
which will cause the destruction of all queen
cells. At least, this is the assertion made by
some bee-keepers. Mr. T. Bolton, of Aus-
tralia, writes Gleanings that it is a success
with him. Who has tried it and found it a
failure ? Seems to me some one has said
that failure resulted if a cell were built pret-
ty nearly horizontal.

Weighing Colonies of bees is a proceed-
ing that does not meet with favor in the eyes
of ex-President E. T. Abbott. He says ' Do
not weigh the colonies with any kind of
scales, but examine them with your eyes and
heft them with your liands. There is not
money enough in bees to spend any time in
such useless work as weighing hives." While
I do not agree with all of the bright things
that Bro. Abbott says, this is one of the times
that I do.

Moisture and temperature and their rela-
tion to the successful wintering of bees have
been made the subject of much discussion,
but I think that Mr. H. R. Board man in
Gleanings has put the whole matter in a nut
shell when he says : " Cold and moisture
are destructive to bees when they meet as
allies ; so long as they do not come together
they are comparatively safe. Bees will en-
dure severe cold if dry. They will also with-
stand much moisture in a high tempera-
ture."

Swabms that are hived on some drawn
combs and allowed to build combs in the
rest of the frames are much more likely to
build drone comb than when no drawn comb
is given ; so writes Mr. Doolittle in Glean-
ings. This is a point upon which I have
made no observations. Second and third
swarms are not likely to give this trouble,
says Mr. Doolittle. I have often noticed
that after-swarms do not build drone comb.
I think that his advice to hive first swarms
on all drawn comb, or all foundation, or all
starters, is good.

170

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Size of Hives still receives a large share
of the discussion that appears in the journ-
als. In the last issue of Gleanings my friend
B. Taylor says that he has no faith in the
Dadants' arguments in favor of large hives,
because they secure on an average only fifty
pounds of extracted honey per colony, while
he expects, on an average, 100 pounds of
comb honey per colony from his small hives.
This appears to be another of those vf rong
conclusions into which a difference of local-
ity has led so many. Bro. Taylor may have
the be ter locality. The question is which
size of hive gives better results in Illinois,
or which the better in Minnesota. Bro. Da-
dant's experience leads him to decide in fa-
vor of a large hive, while Bro. Taylor comes
to an opposite decision. Methods of man-
agement may also play an important part.

it^i^*^*.^'^*^*.

JUDGING HONEY AT FAIKS.

At the meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association in Stratford, there was one
subject came up of which I intended to give
a report, and that was the Recommendation
of a score card for use in judging honey at
fairs, but I neglected to get the figures.
The Canadian Bee Journal now publishes
them and I take pleasure in reproducing
them.

EXTKAOTED HONET.

Flavor 35

Body 35

Color 25

General Appearance 5

Total

100

OOMB HONEY.

Flavor 30

Sealed Cells 10

Freedom from Pop Holes 10

Absence of Travel Stain or Propolis on wood

or comb 10

Evenness of Color of Honey 10

Evenness of Comb (drone or brood) 10

Neatness of Crating 5

Style of Section 5

Total 100

Where display is to be considered as well

as quality, it is recommended that display

and quality count equally, and that in the

consideration of display the following score

be employed :

Magnitude 35

Originality 15

Neatnoss and Artistic Design 50

Total 100

Candy for provisioning queen cages is one
of the most important factors in the success-
ful shipment of queens. One shipment
reached me recently in which one-half the

bees and queens were dead, and daubed with
the candy that was so soft that much of it
had run out of the cages. In the same mail
came another shipment in which half the
bees and queens were dead from starvation
because the candy was too hard. In both
cases I should judge that the candy was made
of pulverized sugar and honey. I have never
had bees come in better condition than when
the. cages were provisioned with candy made
of these ingredients, but when too hard or
too soft it means death. Candy made of
granulated sugar and honey answers the
purpose admirably when the distance is not
too great. The bees dig it out quite rapidly,
and an ordinary cage provisioned with this
kind of candy will not keep the bees alive
more than a week. The soft candy is all
right if made just righi.

PHOTOGRAPHS OF HONEY PLANTS WANTED.

I wish to secure a collection of photo-
graphs of the leading honey producing
plants of the United States. Of course, I
can photograph those growing in this part
of the country, but to secure those of other
parts of the country I must depend upon the
kindness of my friends. I should want a
large photograph, as large as 8 x 10 if possi-
ble, of a field of the plants in bloom, if the
plant grows in the field, or of a group of
trees if it is a tree under consideration, care
being taken to get as picturesque a view as
possible, and then I would like, in addition,
a small photograph of a twig showing blos-
soms, leaves and buds if possible. This
small picture should be made with the sprig
of bloom as near the camera as possible so
as to show details very clearly. The large
picture will show the general character of
the plant or tree, while the small one will
show the leaf, bud and blossom more clear-
ly. Of course, I expect to pay for all trouble
and expense that may be incurred. Write
me before taking any steps in the matter, as
it might be possible that I had already made
arrangements for securing a picture of the
same kind of a plant.

HOW TO KAISE THE MOST OOMB HONEY.

A subscriber asks me to tell him how to
raise the most comb honey. Whew ! That's
what I have been trying to tell folks for
several years, and now to be asked to tell,
off-hand, in a few words, just how to raise
the most comb honey, rather staggers me,
but I am going to try it.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HE VIEW.

171

Use a hive of such a size that all of the
houey will uot be stored in the brood cham-
ber instead of the sections, and that can be
filled with bees and brood before the season
is over- one that an ordinary queen can
keep full of brood when it is necessary that
it should be full. Have the brood nest as
large over on top as possible, as this gives
more room for sections and brings them
near the brood. My choice is the Heddon
hive, next comes the eight-frame Langstroth
with loose bottom board. Use pound sec-
tions in some kind of case that can be tiered
up. I use the old style Heddon case. If
separators are needed, then use the T super
or else wide frames one tier of sections
high.

There are some strains of light colored
Italians that are good comb honey makers,
but, taking everything into consideration I
should prefer to take my chances with a
strain of dark Italians, or a cross between
them and the blacks. These points have
been so thoroughly discussed that it is
scarcely worth while to dwell upon them.

Of course, the bees must be well wintered.
Taking oney^r with another, cellar winter-
ing gives the best results in this part of the
country. The bee-keeper must know his lo-
cality, the sources from which his honey is
to come, the time when it is to come, etc.,
and he must so manage that the opening of
the harvest will find the hives full of bees
and the combs filled with brood. Sometimes
packing and feeding may be an aid in
bringing about this condition, but in the
great majority of cases it is probable that
simply seeing that the bees have plenty of
stores and then letting them alone will bring
about this result with greater certainty than
by any other method. Even if some other
method did result in more populous colonies
it might not be the most profitable. What
can be done with bees and what can be
profitahlij done are often widely different.

I would like to have the first case of sec-
tions tilled with drawn combs left over from
the previous season's work. If these are
uot obtainable, then two or three partly
drawn combs in the center of each case are
a great help in getting the bees at work in
the sections. I would fill all sections with
foundation and shade every hive. As soon
as the sections in tlie first case were half com-
pleted, if the colony were a populous one, I
would raise the first case and put another
under it. When the second case is half fin-

ished I would raise both and put another
next the hive. By tlie time the last added
case is half finished the top case ought to be
ready to come off. If it isn't, and more room
is needed, I would carry it, lees and all, to
some other hive having only one case. I
would not crowd the bees. Give them plenty
of room even if the number of unfinished
sections is increased thereby. Less swarm-
ing and more honey are the results of not
crowding. The unfinished sections I would
have finished by feeding back extracted
honey. What few may be left at the end of
feeding back can be used as bait sections
the next spring.

1 would hive each swarm in a contracted
brood nest upon the old stand (and this is
the only time that I would practice contrac-
tion), transferring the supers to the new
hive, and preventing after-swarming by the
Heddon method. I would use starters only
in the brood nest when hiving swarms, as I
am thoroughly convinced, in fact I knoiv,
that I can secure more surplus comb honey
by this plan. I must admit that this plan
does not usually give first-class swarms for
wintering, and it is usually best to unite
them in the early fall. The old colonies,
unless they swarm early or there is a fall
flow, do uot store much surplus, but they are
always in splendid trim for winter.

Of course, there are a great many details
that it is impossible to give in a short arti-
cle like this, but those who are interested
can find them in the book " Advanced Bee
Culture."

BETTER OBGANIZA.TION NEEDED AMONG BEE-
KEEPERS.

Two articles in this issue of the Review,
those of Messrs. Case and Marks, touch upon
the matter of organization, and what it may
accomplish. The topic is not a new one.
Bee-keepers have long recognized the neces-
sity for better and more thorough organiza-
tion. It has long been deplored that the
North American is not a representative body,
and many are the schemes that have been
devised for bringing about this most de-
voutly to be wished for consummation, but
so far they have come to naught. The send-
ing of delegates from the county societies to
the State societies, and from the States to
the North American is not possible on ac-
count of the expense. Perhaps the expense

Ill

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW-

would be borne if there were sufficient in-
centive, such, for instance, as there is in
politics. But political organizations are
conducted upon a different basis, and with
different ends in view than is the case with
apicultural organizations. The half a dozen,
or dozen, members of a county society do
not feel like going down into their individ-
ual pockets and paying $1.00 each to send
one of their members to the meeting of the
State society. There is a feeling that the
delegate is a favored man (and he is), that
he is going to the State meeting at their ex-
pense, and that no benefit will come to them
from his attendance. And there would be
no direct benefit. A prosperous and power-
ful State organization of bee-keepers is a
benefit to the bee-keepers of that State, and
a national organization of this character is
a national benefit, and a local bee-keeper
who helps to build up a local society that
sends its delegate to the State society that
in its turn contributes to the prosperity of a
national organization, indirectly receives a
benefit for the money and time so spent ; but
said benefits seem so far away in the dim and
misty future, while the hard earned dollar
resting so snugly in the pocket seems too near
and tangible to be parted with. Having the
local societies auxilliary to State societies,
and the latter auxilliary to the North Ameri-
can is the plan that has always been pro-
posed, and always failed— failed, I think, for
the reason that I have given. Except in an
indirect way the North American has noth-
ing to give in return for the support that
might come from the State societies, and
the latter have nothing to give in return to
local societies for sending delegates. In
mutual insurance companies, and other sim-
ilar orders, each " lodge " is dependent upon
the others, and all upon the grand "lodge,"
for existence ; there is a direct, tangible mo-
tive for the building up of other "lodges,"
and a general support of the "order."
There is a certain amount of selfishness in
human nature that must be recognized in
all succes-ful attempts at organization. A
man does not use his money, time and in-
fluence in perfecting and building up an or-
ganization, unless there is at least a hope
that he may reap some reward. One reason
why the Bee-Keepers' Union has met with the
success that it has, is because each member
is privileged to call for help should he at
any time suffer persecution. It is true that
this was not the only motive. Professional

pride, sympathy for a brother in trouble, a
natural resentment against persecution, and
a knowledge that such an organization would
work to the good of bee-keeping in general,
all had their weight, but would not have
been sufficient in many instances. There
was needed a personal, selfish interest.

The primary object of apicultural conven-
tions is supposed to be that of discussing
subjects pertaining to bee-keeping with a
view to improvement. So thoroughly have
the journals done thtir work, that, especially
with leading bee-keepers, this motive for
meeting is not a very strong one. The lead-
ing motive now is the social feature — to see
the " boys," and have a good time.

To bring about a strong, efficient national
organization of bee-keepers, every possible
obstacle and cost should be removed, and
every possible motive appealed to as an in-
ducement for giving it support. For these
reasons I think it would be better if the
North American and the Bee-Keepers' Union
were merged into one society. As it now is
the members and officers of the Union never
hold any meetings. All discussions are made
either in the journals or by mail, and all
voting is done by mail. To the plan of vot-
ing by mail, I see no objections, but I do
think it would be an advantage if the officers
and leading members, or as many as wish to
attend, could meet in convention once a year
and discuss ways and means face to face.
When there was a change made in its con-
stitution three years ago, the subject was
first discussed in the journals, then contin-
ued in a meeting of the North American
where certain changes were recommended
and finally adopted by the Union, a decision
being arrived at by means of a vote made by
mail.

The object of the North American is to
meet socially and discuss apiarian topics for
mutual improvement. The primary object
the the Union was to defend its members
against unjust persecution, but its constitu-
tion has now been changed so that money
may be used for any purpose thought advi-
sable by the board. I se'^ no reason why
these two national societies should not join
forces, making one grand organization en-
dowed with the characteristics now pos-
sessed by both. There could be the grand
rally each year in a convention the same as
is now enjoyed by the North American, the
same class of topics discussed, and, in ad-
dition, there could be the free face to face

THE BEE-KEEFERS' REVIEW,

173

discussion regardiuy tluit class of issues
with which the Uiiiou has to deal. I think
that it would be well to retain the name,
North American Bee- Keepers' Association.
I would also suggest that there be a Presi-
dent, 1st and 2ud Vice Presidents, a Secre-
tary and a Treasurer, and that these officers
constitute the executive board. In addition
to the duties that now devolve upon the
Secretary of the North American I would
have him take up also those now performed
by the General Manager of the Union. That
IS, if the two organizations were coml)iued,
I would have the combined duties of both
executive officers performed by one man,
and the society should have sufficient mem-
bers so that the Secretary- Manager could
devote a large share, if not the whole, of his
time to the performance of these duties. It
would seem that all of the bee-keepers in
this great and glorious country could keep
one man profitably employed in thus look-
ing after their interests.

There are many things, aside from those
already done by the Union and North Ameri-
can, that might be done by such an organ-
ization with an efficient executive officer at
its head and money in its treasury. The
feature mentioned by Mr. Case is a case in
point, viz., that of looking after and report-
ing swindlers. I don't know as the constitu-
tion of the present Union would need any
change to allow of such work being done.
Two or three times the Review has exposed
some swindler, but this was not done until
numerous complaints had been received,
and considerable time had elapses. To call
a man a swindler because one man said so
would often lead to unjust accusations.
When an apparently just complaint is made,
the Union could make a thorough investiga-
tion, more thorough than one man could af-
ford to make. As Mr. Case says, a man
woull "brace up," and do the fair thing by
his customers when he found that his unsat-
isfactory methods were likely to be pub-
lished t J the members of the North Ameri-
can. I frequently receive complaints of
fraud, unfairness and unsatisfactory meth-
ods of conducting business, but before pub-
lishing anything of this character, a publish-
er must have absolute proof of the correct-
ness of such statements. To secure sucii
proof is often too much trouble and expense
for one man to bear.

Perhaps something might be done in the
way of helping bee-keepers to secure better

prices for their honey, or to market it in a
more satisfactory manner. Fruit exchanges
have helped the peach growers of New Jer-
sey and the orange growers of California,
and it is possible that something in this line
might be done by honey producers if they
were sufficiently organized. All such ques-
tions as these would, of course, come up in
convention.

There is much more that might be said on
this subject, l)ut the foregoing is sufficient
to start the discussion, and we will make of
it a special topic for the .July Review.

EXXRT^CXED.

Size of Hives and Frolificness in Quoens.
Last month I copied from the American
Bee Journal an article written by Mr. C,
Davenport, of Minn. In that article he
showed the advantages to be derived from
small hives and the feeding of bees. In
Gleanings he has an article on a kindred
subject, and from this article I make the
following quotation :

" I believe the majority of bee-keepers,
though, keep bees as a side issue only, and
many of these do not wish or have no time
to do much feeding in the spring and early
summer, if necessary. For this class as a
general thing, I think the ten-frame hive
the best ; for the honey those two extra
combs will contain, will, in a poor season,
enable brood rearing to be kept up much
better than it would be with only eight. If
no feeding were done, and if a How did come,
the colony on ten frames would have a much
larger force of workers to secure it ; but
when I have gone beyond ten frames, in gen-
eral I have sot just that much less surplus —
that is, with a twelve-frame hive I do not
get as much surplus within 14 or 1(> pounds';
and, besides, such a hive costs more, and it
is much harder work to handle them I do
not think the locality mnkes much difference
to the specialist about the right size of hive.
Of course, it might make a difference as to
the time, and amount to be fed. 1 believe 1
can make more in any locality with frames
in the eight-frame hive than I can with the
same number of frames in larger ones ; for
my experience has been that, as a general
thing, eight frames are enouah for the best
queens we can get at the present time. In
saying "the best queens" I do not mean
those that are the most prolific. I have had
queens that would keej) ten and in a few
cases even twelve frames full of brood , but
these queens needed to be prolific, for their
bees were so short lived that these colonies
could not store as much surplus as others
whose queens did not keep eight frames
full.

174

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlh\i

Again, I have had very prolific queens
whose bees lived long enough ; but they
were worthless so far as surplus honey was
concerned, for their entire time and atten-
tion seemed to be devoted to raising bees,
and swarming.

Last season a poor one in this locality, I
had in the home yard a high-priced queen
that I had bought the previous summer. She
was in a ten-frame hive, and she needed ten
frames, for she was very prolific. This col-
ony did not swarm. They partly filled one
super. There were perhaps 15 sections com-
pleted. An eight-frame hive stood right be-
side this one, the queen of which was a
hybrid. I do not believe she laid an egg in
either of the outside combs during the entire
season ; yet this colony filled % sections and
had plenty of stores for winter ; and it is to-
day one of the strongest colonies I have.
Another colony, in an eight-frame hive,
whose queen, a pure Italian, was also bought
the previous summer, filled five supers of 24
sections each. There were a few in the last
super that were not completed. They also
had to 1)6 fed a little in the fall ; but they are
in good shape at this writing. This queen is
hardly equal to eight frames : but I regard
her as one of the most valuable ones that I
ever owned.

Sometimes we see reports of queens that
will keep twelve or even fourteen frames
full of brood, and their bees store a large
surplus. I have had two or three such
queens ; but they are very rare, and hard to
get ; and If we could get them, would they
be any better V Suppose we had queens that
would lay as much as two of the best ones
we now have : could we get any more surplus
for the same number of workers, or per
frame, than we now do V I do not believe
we could, from my experience. I believe
that, after a colony gets a certain strength—
a strength with the right kind of queen— the
eight-frame hive gives ample room to de-
velop, and they will store as much or more
for the same number of workers as one much
larger ; and I had much rather produce 200
lbs. of honey in two eight-frame hives than
I would in one sixteen-f rame hive.

Some of the advocates of large hives tell
us that bees in such hives will raise a good
many more bees during the latter part of the
season, and thus have more bees for winter ;
and that, such being the case, they will win-
ter better and build up faster in the spring.
I will admit that colonies in large hives of
twelve or fourteen frames will raise more
bees at a time when there is nothing for
them to do. This is why colptiies in big
hives do not store as much surplus. It takes
a good deal of honey to raise and keep these
extra bees over winter— enough so that, in
large apiaries, it would amount to SKK) or
more : and with me they generally die off in
the spring before they have done much if
any good. Hut I winter in cellars altogeth-
er. In outdoor wintering it may be quite
different, and the same may.be true of deep
frames. I have better success in wintering
with bees on the standard frames than I do
on those that are eleeper."

Queens May Be Too Prolific, or Prolific at
the Wrong Time.
At these times when so many are harping
on the great value of extra prolific queens,
placing this quality at the head of the list,
it is refreshing to come across something
like the following from the pen of G. M.
Doolittle, taken from a lengthy article of
his in the Progressive.

" Not many years ago J procured a queen
from one of our most successful northern
honey producers, said to be one of the very
best, and I have no reason to doubt that sucti
was. the case. The next spring the colony
having this queen came through iu ordina-
rily good couditiou, and the hive was so
marked with many others. Imagine my
surprise, when going through the apiary
some three weeks later, in finding that this
hive had every comb full of brood and the
large amount of honey they had when set
from the cellar all cousumed, while the oth-
ers marked 'good' did not have their hives
half filled with brood and plenty of honey
still remaining. Had this happened some
years ago I should have swung my hat and
hurrahed for that colony, but now I did not.
I gave them combs of honey from other col-
onies, took some brood away from them,
and did the best I could, but in spite of all
I could do, they did nothing but breed and
swarm all summer, and the result of two
years' trial with them has been, lots of bees
out of season, but none where and when they
would avail for honey, save enough for their
own use. Others which I have had would
not build up till the honey harvest was on
hand, and then they would go at brood rear-
ing with a will that would take all the honey
gathered by the few bees on hand at the time
of the harvest, and after the harvest I had a
hive full of those which could be none other
than consumers. So I say that the queens
which can be manipelated so as to give the
great bulk of bees just at the right time for
the honey harvest, in just that locality where
the bee-keeper resides, are the best queens,
no matter what their color or from whom
they came."

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

¥'

E. E. HASTY.

•"E would rather like to ha^o an apicul-
tural society to equal that of the Ger-
mans, with its 30,000 meml)ers, (or say beat
'em ;) but if the flourish can only he cut by
adopting the German methods, as narrated
by Graveuhorst in Gletttiinys, 311, I for one
incline to say. Let's don't cut it. Free rail-
road excursions, free dinners, free wine, free
tickets to museums, permission to visit crack
irou-clads not usually accessible to the pub-

I'HE BEh}-KKJb:l^EKS KEVIEW.

175

lie— uutil the mau not uow a bee-keeper at all
puts ou sheep's clothing and goes along !
The (lermans are past-masters of the art of
stimulating and fostering an industry. Ac-
cording to Gleanings, :W>, they have fos-
tered the sugar industry until British sugar
plantations with half a million dollars worth
of machinery cannot be sold at any price.
A man would have to cease being a Christian
citizen of the world, and drop to being an
unchristain citizen of a fragment of the
world, before he would feel entirely in har-
mony with that sort of thing. But their fos-
tering of apiculture can hardly be meant as
a warfare upon any other nation. Most
likely it is simply intended to make the Ger-
man laborer's cupboard a little less dismally
bare than it is apt to be— good object surely
— but hardly so urgently needed in this coun-
try as there. Our specialists don't seem to
want the people all raising a little honey for
themselves and their neighbors.

Already the cry of "Get an appropriation,
get an appropriation, from the state and the
nation," is heard in the laud ; but let us halt
a bit and consider what our past appropria-
tions have amounted to. Was not our largest
one flung away in a single lump for some
seeds and the good will of a worthless honey
plant ? And did not many of us encourage
the waste, and the balance of us hold our
whist about it ? And has not the Illinois ap
propriation of ^.WO.OO a year been spent in
printing " Pub. Doc." ? Have we figured
out exactly how many millions spent in
" Pub. Doc." will be required to usher in the
honey millennium ? If so Cardinal Rich-
elieu's problem — How many snowballs re-
quired to heat an oven ? must be a soluble
problem after all. Let us get our heads level
the first thing we do. Do we on the whole
want German paternalism in this country ?
Do we want the largest possible number of
our people eating honey of their own rais-
ing ? Do we exactly want 20,000 of our bee
folks set to reading the particular journals
designated by authority / Are we ready to
insure that the money appropriated will be
used without waste to further some desired
and desirable end ? And are we agreed as to
that end and part toward which our bark is
to be steered ? It will be quite soon enough
to " go ahead " when we are clear on these
five questions. As matters stand now the
philanthropists who want to popularize bee-
keeping, the specialists who want to keep
the public out of bee-keeping, the hobbyists

who want to further some particular ideal,
and the " practicals " who want to add the
appropriations to their own revenues, would
just have a quadrangular struggle of it — with
the chances all in favor of the practicals.

The American Bee- Keeper,

It will be remembered that the A. B. K. is
trying a new departure— a family magazine
and a bee-keeper's magazine both in one.
The general department has in it many
things well worth reading. Sorry that any
of it should be of the demoralizing sort ;
but the first story of the May number is
pretty rank. A prostitute and a " good
man " meet after the play at a low theatre,
run to dissolve into a " free and easy ;" and
drink and smoke and talk (good man drinks
coffee while she drinks the whiskey) and he
tries in vain to get her to go home with him
and live awhile in his bachelor rooms. Say,
Brother Merrill, mightn't we have things
fumigated a little ?

The editorial notes are getting to be more
newsy than of yore, and actually a good
place to go to find out what's going on.

A very interesting letter from Osburn, of
Cuba, fills a large space in the May number.
Pages 118-120. Short crop and low prices in
Cuba also. The total weight of the crop is
enormous (or would seem so to us ; ) but to
have it fall off one-third in quantity, and the
prices decline nearly one-half at the same
time, of course is very depressing to the Vjee-
keeper. Failure to exterminate foul brood
also seems to weigh heavily on Brother Os-
burn. He seems to expect that it will sweep
all over the island and exterminate the bee.
He has it that foul brood was imported into,
Cuba only about twelve years ago. In my
head the idea has lodgment somehow that
thirty years ago, more or less, foul brood
came to us frotn Cuba. In that case the na-
tive apiaries will be pretty likely to hold out
against the new importation — but the idea
in my noddle may be entirely incorrect.

Commentator Hill (page 117) infers from

Somnambulist's writings " a short crop in

Dreamland, as well as in the United States

and New Jersey." Hard times indeed if we

can't dream of a good crop of honey.

"All aro etarviuK for better bee literatiiro "
J. W. Tefft, page 115.

We will hardly perish just yet from that
cause, me thinks.

Bessie Putnam urges that the bees shall be
remembered when trees are being planted)

1?6

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

and that honey trees shall be chosen when
practical. Page 114.

C. H. Thies contemplates the dreary out-
look, and invokes alsike as the deliverer.
Page 113.

Ed. Jolley advises fall stimulation to get
young bees, and so prevent spring dwind-
ling. Page .S4. May be its all right ; but I
have my doubts.

Mr. Doolittle thinks the early willows yield
no honey — although he admits that the bees
operate as if they were getting honey. Page
87. I suspect that they get some, but usually
knead it all into the pollen pellets, so that
the honey sac is seldom found filled. The
later golden and white willows Mr. D. thinks
do furnish honey but no pollen. In the
opening of the March number he gives again
his well known method of building bees up
for an early harvest — excellent for many lo-
calities no doubt, and perhaps not so well
adapted to others Try it, and see if it pays.
He gives an interesting trial of ten colonies
in his own yard, half treated by his method,
and half let alone. Those let alone only
gave two-thirds as much surplus as the
others.

John F. Gates thinks that if queen breed-
ers did not keep a white elephant of some
sort on hand their business would soon come
to an end. Page 52.

THE GENERAL ROUND -UP

The American Bee Journal (;523) brings
the matter of large versus small brood cham-
bers to a vote again in its question box. Of
22 respondents only about four are prompt
and decided for the small chamber. About
eight of them are undecided, or split up, or
at least they fail to make their position clear.
E. g. Mr. Doolittle, who says he would go in
again for the Gallup frame, but fails to tell
us how many of them. The remaining ten
respondents seem to be out strong for the
large chamber. The above seems to indicate
that in the racket of discussion, which has
been going on for a long time, the large hive
is getting much the best of it. I shall soon
be lonesome, I fear ; and I am smaller than
the smallest souled brother yet heard from
— seven Gallup frames for part of my hives,
and seven Langstroth frames for the rest.
But then if 1 patiently wait till the long pen-
dulum of public opinion has time to swing,
maybe I'll be right in town eventually.
Reckon I'll chance it for while yet.

In Mr. Hutchinson's article in the Cosmo-
politan he has a very different task before
him from that which usually falls to the lot
of an apicultural writer, namely, to interest
and instruct those who know nothing about
bees except the surface indications and pop-
ular traditions. I think he does the work
well. Even the bee man need not go away
unfed for lack of food suited to him. Wit-
ness the following which tells about holding
queen cells up to a strong light, to estimate
when the queen will emerge.

" The first movements are seen about twelve
hours before the queen bites her way out : and
there is something really impressive in watching
the first trembling movement of a wing or a
foot — tlie beginning of an awakening into con-
sciousness."

But the editor " put a head on him," and
doubtless he feels it a wreath of thorns on
his brow — "the honey bee, his home, his
migrations, his habits of life, his business
methods, his storehouses, his food, etc."
Now, don't you know, I'm going to plead
for mitigation of the sentence of this editor.
To be sure it looks a little like poor rhetoric,
in which a permissible pronoun is rather
overworked ; but would exchanging the pro-
nouns for six "hers" be any better? Not
a bit. Making a parade of the feminine
pronoun, in regard to creatures whose sex is
utterly inconspicuous, and next door to non-
existent, would be still worse rhetoric. The
masculine gender is grammatically the ge-
neric gender, and may be used for any crea-
ture (except when there is occasion to em-
phasize sex) as a multitude of examples from
Scripture and English classics would readily
show. The Bible also uses the masculine
pronoun in the place of the neuter, when
possessive — does it abvays^not a single
" its " in all the Bible, except by printer's
error; always "his." The style which has
crept in among us of always speaking of the
bee as " she " brings to the educated reader
the puzzling and unpleasant sensation that
there must bo some reason for calling atten-
tion to the sex ; and yet no reason can be
discovered. Let us call the honey bee " she "
when she manifests she-ness, and "he"
when he manifests he-ness, and at other
times either he or it as the preference takes
us — and be shy of the stones, and keep in the
road. And whether a disposition to get into
one's hair is he-ness or she-ness — 'spects
that will be a nice and perpetual crow for us
to pick. You see, brethren, we have a righ
to settle our technical terms without regard

TBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

177

to what the rest of the world may say or
think ; but wheu it comes to grammar we
shall have to submit to mankind in general
— to defy them we are not able.

Adrian Getaz has a noteworthy article on
the causes of swarminy in A. B. J., 311. The
theory that overplus of larval food, and no-
where to put it, is the main cause evidently
needs some sort of modification, and he
works ably at the attempt to lick it into
shape. The nurse bees he thinks too young
to bear the brunt of the blame.

" I cannot admit that the young hoes which
have hardly been out of the hive yet ehould be
tlie ones to insist upon emigration. Nor is it in
the nature of young beings (whether bees or hu-
man) to be dissatisfied. Dissatisfaction is rath-
er a production of old age."

He gets it down to about this eventually :
(1) Lack of room makes it impossible to
have a sufficient number of little consumers
to eat the food. (2) The nurses build queen
cells with more or less design of storing the
food — and do store it when larval queens are
in the cells. (3) At the capping of the first
queen cell the queen suddenly becomes vio-
lently dissatisfied with the situation, and
strives to destroy the cell. The workers re-
sist ; and the disagreement grows contin-
ually worse and worse till swarming occurs.
This is pretty nearly right, I guess ; yet cer-
tain points seen to need fixing or supporting.
We would rather expect that if the queen
cups were built to store food in they would
be used for that purpose immediately, a
state of things we seldom or never find.
Also the queen's change from quiet tolera-
tion of the open cells to violent antipathy
toward the sealed ones needs explanation.
The reason is very plain I think, when we hit
upon it once. The queen in that matter goes
wholly by the sense of smell. Whatever
smells like a queen she attacks ; and the
young princesses take on the scent of fertil-
ity just at the period of their lives when they
are nearly ready to be sealed in. While it
may not be the only cause of the first swarms
issuing, I think we may lay it down as reli-
able that the queen's irrepressible conflict
with the sealed cells is by far the most im-
portant factor. If we can cancel this factor
we can " do the sum." ( >ther causes mostly
stand as more remote causes of this cause.
Yet as we can interpose at any point we
choose, proximate or remote, the efforts to
prevent swarming may be put forth along
several lines. We may, for instance, (A)
aTke away brood and give empty cells, and

so seek to prevent the encouragement and
general blockade of things. (B) We may
seek to accomplish the latter by getting
most of the bees interested in something
else than brood rearing— as storing honey.
This is the reason colonies run for extract-
ing swarm but little ; every extracting draws
their attention to supplying the loss. (C)
Get the cells destroyed, either by the queen,
by the bees, by hand, or by some machine or
device of manipulation. (D) Get control of
the process by timely cagings and releasings
of the queen — using (C) also in connection,
if needful. Then, seemingly out of tally
with this theory, or partly so, there are (E)
the methods for making the bees comforta-
ble, of which the Aspinwall thin perforated
boards are a new and promising modifica-
tion. There are other lines more or less
hopeful: and I will propound (F) as possi-
bly the most practicable of all : abolish
spring, and the spring rush of brooding, by
perfectly conqering the winter problem,
and beginning the season with such strong
colonies that they won't realize but that it is
autumn — and have the brood chamber so
full of honey that they can't rear young
brood except in steady moderation. This
seems to be the secret of the non-swarming
of certain prosperous and totally neglected
colonies. There, my bees bother me so with
their swarming that I can't find time to tell
you any more about how perfectly easy it is
to prevent all swarming.
Richards, Lucas Co., Ohio, May 23, '95.

ADVERTISEMENTS

The Sweetest Music
requires a.

Washburn

Guitar, Mandolin,
Banjo or Zither.

They are the product of the Largest
Musical Factories in the world and are
unequalled for tone or finish. Send to
the makers,

Lyon & Healy, Chicago,

for a Beautiful Catalogue (FREE)
containing portraits of ninety artists.
Washburns are sold by all first-class
Music Dealers.

178

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HE VIEW.

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

POTATO CRATES and Bee Hives
are my specialties. Frice listfrpe. Address
J. M. KINZIE,
1-95-12. Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

'XnrX COLONIES of bees (Italian) in 8-
^\J\J frame dovetailed hives, for sale. Also
a full line of fibst-olass Apiarian Supplies
(new and fresh), at living prices. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Send for catalogue. Address
E. T. FLANAGAN,
3.% 3t Box 7.S3, Belleville, 111.

I am manufacturing

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Every thing you need.

PRICES REDUCED.
Send for new Price List.

GEO. BALL. FrenchviHe, Wis.
Trempeleau Co.

4-95-tf

Nearly 200 pages practical and interesting

Reading for Bee - Keepers

B'or only :J0 cts.

The Kansas Bee - Journal,

Monthly, Young and Lively. Send for Sample.
Address, KANSAS BEE - JOURNAL,

Topeka, Kansas,

We can furnish either Italian or

Bees £ Queens,

But my experience and orders stand 50 to 1 in
favor of the Albino. I can furnish untested
queens in May at SI 00 eacii ; tested, $2.00; se-
lect, $2.00. I can also furnish the Hee-Keepbbs'
QUARTEHIA'. S. VRliEl^TINE,

."i-GS-tf Hagerstown, Md.

EE SUPPLIES!

iSendforfrcec.ipydf II.I.l'STK.lTKl*
FOATALOOIIK— desinitilriK evci vllilii;,'
useful to a KEE-KKEPER. Address
1'. *1. Newnijin, 117 So. Western Ave., Ohloaifo.

MONEY - MAKERS

Are a strain of Italians that winter in the
cold North, and are ready for business,
with a bushel of bees, when the flowers
bloom. They ai e gentle and industrious.
Queens warranted purely mated, in June,
$1 00 ; six. $5.0(J ; dozen, $9.00. Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. Never
any disease in the apiary.

5-95 tf

E. F. QUIGLEY,

Unionville, Mo.

i «-^jr^*x«'««Air*j(Hjr» «^ir'wn«n<i^«TUH«^«^^'(rf»irm*^«Hrf»rf« :-

Something New!

ALLEY'S Combined QUEEN - TRAP and
SWARM-CATCHER. Description and price
list ready. HENRY ALLEY,

Wenham, Mass.

iriLi^" BEES (fc QUEENS

Ready in May. Queens, $1.00. Bees by the
Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nucleus, with Queen,
$2 50. One-frame. $2 00. Also Barred P. R.
Eggs, for setting, $1 .00 per 15. 5-9.5-4t

Mrs. A. A.

, BOX 48. swarts, Penn.

—If you are going to—

BlJY A ^\}ZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

Headquarters

For those large, beautiful, golden ItaliaiiK, the
great honey g.itherers. One untested (jvieen, Mic ,
three for $2.00. One warranted, $ I. tK); three for
$2.50. One tested. $1.50, One select tested, $2.00.
Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

C. M. HICKS,
4 95-tf Hicksville, Wash, ('o., Md.

CANADIANS,

READ THIS.

I have nuide arrangements to handle tlie As-
pinwall, Non-Swarming llivo, and the (x. B.
Lewis Co.'s snow white sections. I also breed
the golden, 5-banded bees and queens. In 1894 I
sold 1887 queens, and 300 two-frame luiclei at
$2.00 each. 1 also liave several varieties of pure
bred chickens, such as the lar^'e, improved.
White Leghorn ( the best lajers in the world )
(jolden S. Hamburg, Silver S. Hamburg, UutX
Oochiu, Liglit Bramah. Eggs from the above,
75 cts, per 13, Eggs from Red B. Ganu's or Buff
Minorcas, $'.i.00 per 13. 1 also have pure-bred
Berkshire Pigs for sale. Send for Price List.

N.H.SMITH, 11-94-tf

Lock Box A, Tilbury, Out., Canada.

IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Vt'd

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

'^ai..,".^^

Thin cut reprosentK our

Combineti Circular iiuil

Scroll Saw, which is the

best machine made for

Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-161

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR OATALOOUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & J NO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rock ford, Ills.

W, H. BRiGHT'S

CIRCULAR FOR l«t5, doscribes every thing
needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec-
tions, sprayintr pumps and Bright's comb foun-
dation, sulil at bottom prices. Send for one,
fiee.

WM. H. BRIGHT,
l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

\V. O. VICTOR, of Wliartou, Texas, took

45»000 Poupds

Of honey in 1894. as the result of eleven ye.irs'
experience. He offers for salo good, old-style
honey ."i-Ori-tf

Queens and Bees

At the ft)llowiug prices :

1 Untested Queen, 7.5

12 '■ Queens, 7.50

1 Tested Queen, .. 1 ."iO

12 " Quopns, ... . 1.5 00

1 Single-fninic Nuclr-us, IJ/g to 2 lbs bees

and Untcsti'd (j>ueen, 1.50

12 Single-frame Nuclei, with bees & Qneens, 15.00
1 Two-frame Nucleus, 2\4 to 3 lbs. bees

and Untested Qmen. 2 00

12 Two-frame Nuclei, with bees & queens, 20.00
Prices on larger quantities given upon applica-
tion. One untested queen, if a first order, for 50 c.

JUST RECEIVED,

A car load of Root's goods. Prices to suit the
times Reasonable satisfaction guaranteed.

SEES=?i Queens

mess. equal to all Iw
and superior to many. Untested, .June, ti5 cts., y>
doz f3..")0. Tested. $1.00: tine breeders, $2.00
each ; tine, straight 5- banded, lireeding - queens,
$100 each. To parMes who have not tried my
strain of Italians 1 will send one golden (jueon
for .50 cts. Safe arrival guaranteed. 5 9.5-9t

E A SEELEY, Bloomer, Ark.

( Money order office. Lavaca, .\rk.)

t^eady to ]VIail.

Untested Italian Queens are now ready to
mail. Price, $1.00 each; six for $5,00; twelve
for $9.00.

* T. R. CANADY.

3.94.6t Fallbrook, Calif.

CANADIANS.

Drop me a card for my Seventh Annual Circular.
I manufaclUHf the best Foundation, Smokers,
Sections, Hives. Etc., in the country; so say
many of my customers. Address

W. A. CHRYSLER,
3.95-tf Box 4.50, Chatham, Ont.

Muth's ;::■;

EY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
• Blast Smokers
S'^uare eiziss Horjcy jArj, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to ('has. F. Moth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to BeoKeepers.

T-94-tf. PlerRf nil ntion f-e I'uieu-.

P/iTENT. WIRED, COMB FOOND.WION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAIVIES.

Thi!!, Flat Boitoiu Fouiidalioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
.). VAN DKUSEX & SONS,
(SOLE MANUFACTURERS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N-Y

CANADIAN ,^

" : I

bee - keepers will find it to their interest to bny ^
their supplies of the (loold. Shapley & Muir Co., y
of Brautford, Ont.. Canada. Circnlar free. This firm al.so publishes a bright,
progressive, illustrated monthly C^ CT C^ journal at $1,0) per year .Sam
pies free. Italian queens from the ^^^— ^— finest strain of liees in the country %r
can be furnished in May at $1.00 each for untested, and $2.(K) each for tested. In |>f
June, untested, 75 cts, tested. $1.50. Remember, the f^^f # ^3 A I I\ I ■

and the queens go to the United States free from duty. KJ \J \J r\ l\l A\ l^

/

180

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

GOOD

Five - Banded Bees |

Are preferred by most m

bee keepers to those of j)

other varieties. I breed for business C)

qualities as well as for color, and have a %

strain of 5 banded Italians that I prefer ^

to blacks, hybrids. Holy Lands or t'ypri- ©

ans, all of which I have tried. Last year S

the colonies that I moved to the man- g)

grove stored on an average 420 lbs. C'

of extracted honey. All I ask at first is a 5

trial order, as others will surely follow, g^,

I warrant my queens purely mated and I ©

sell them at 75 cts, each, or $7.50 per doz. 1,'

in June, and 6.75 per dozen in July. ^

Tested, 1.25; select, $2.00 to $5.0;>. Cir- ©

cularfroe. J. B. CASE, |j

12-94-tf Port Orange, Fla. ©

«

If you are keeping bees for the money there is
in them, and don't want to make

A MISTAKE,

buy carefully bred Italian queens from best im-
ported mothers mated to drones of imported
stock from a different source, thereby securing a
direct cross. It is in this way that I breed my
bees, and the (luecns are large and prolific, the
bees gentle and guaranteed to l)e good workers.
Untested aueons, 75 cts. each, $+.25 for six ; 18-00
per doz Ready about May 25th. Safe airival
and satisfaction guaranteed. 5-95-tf

L. H. ROBEY. Worthington, W. Ya.

A New Strain of Bees,

THE ADELS.

Friends, I shall be prepared, by June 1st, to
fill orders for Adel and Italian queens at $1.C0
for warranted. $1 .50 for tested. $2.00 for select
tested. JOS. ERWAY, HAVANA, N. Y.
5-95-4t Please mention the Review.

Nem votrk Queens.

( Favor is Deceitful; Beauty is Vain. )

The beautiful yellow bees are going. Let them
go; I have a strain of bees that are hardy and
prolific, and remarkable for their longevity, be-
sides capping their honey the whitest of any.
They are the coming bees for our northern cli-
mate. I also liavo an apiary of golden Italians,
and can furnisli ijueens of either variety at .fl.tW
each. Mrs. OLIVER COLE, Sherburne, N Y.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM.

194-12t. RIVER FALLS, WIS.

flease mention tlie Keuiew

I am advertising for B. F Stratton & Son
of New York, and taking my pay in

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS,

I have already bought iu this way a guitar
and violin for my girls and a flute for my-
self. If you are thinking of buying an in-
strument of any kind I should be glad to
send you one on trial. If interested, write
me for desciptive cirular and price list, .'say-
ing what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Largest Factory in tlie West.

COMPLETE STOCK.
Good Supplies and Loiir Prices, <>nr Motto

We are licre to serve you and will if you give us a chance. Cataloyue Free. Adderss,
LEAHY A\ArtUPACTURIrtG CO., Hi<j<!:ipsvm<f, r\o.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

181

Illustrated CataloETiie free tipon application

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

F0:R 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H, BROWN,
1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia.

Hooey Queers,

Five and three-banded, and in seperate yards,
and i>nly from selected stock, gathering the
mosr honey and capping it the whitest, and the
least inclined to swarm. My ."j-banders are pure
Italians and not Cyprian crosses. I luive no
foul brood nf>r bee paralysis. Warranted queens,
$1.00 each. 4 for $S.50. Tested $1.25 each. 8afe
arrival guaranteed

J. H. GOOD,

2-95-1 f Nappance, Ind.

Phase mention the Rculew.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURPLY HOUSE

J. H.M COOK, 78 Barclay St . N Y. Ciiy.

{SUCCESSOf! TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf S^^(/ for illua'rated Catalogue

THE STRATTON

"Harp" and "ManliattaD" Guitar,

Warranted not to Crack. iSTo Guitars sold
it retail. Dealers please send for Illustrated
-atalogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON & SON,

*^3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK.

Pure Italian Queens,

Bred for business and sold at the following pri-
ces : untested. l.'O; three for S.TiO; six, 4.75
twelve, 9.00. Tested, 1.25; three for 3..50 ; six.;
7.00; twelve, 1.3.00. Select tested. 2.50.

Catalogue of Ree Supplies sent free upon ap-
plication. O. P. HYDE,
5 95-6t Lampasas, Texas.

UNTESTED

ITALIANQUEENS.

1 will be ready to mail Untested Queens, from
five banded stock yellow to the tip, vigorous
and easy to handle, at 75 cents each, three for
$2.00, six for $4.00, per doz. $7 50 ; free from dis-
ease.

W. A. COMPTON.

4 95-lt Lynnville, Tenn.

A. E. HOSHAL, of Beamsvillo, Ont.,

^ CANADA!^

Has gotten up a now and compronlien--ive circu
lar, giving plain, concise explanations of the
whole practical work of bee-keeping as accom-
plished with

The Heddon Hive

And system, showing how tliey enable onelo
secuiethe same results with less labor anil more
comfort than with otlier liivrs. and he would be
nleased to pend it to all C.-itr dian bre keepers.
( Those in U. S. should address .Tames Heddon,
Dowagiac, Mich I JNlr. Hoslial also liandles
sections, makes ftjundation, etc. 11-93-tf

E. KRETGHNIER, Bed OaUowa,

ere<l to your lailnpad at (
Iowa; Cedar Rapids, U
' 'atalogue.

Sends free his Cataloirne of 72 illustrated pages ;
describes EVERYTHINC T'SET) IN THE API
AHY; Best Goods at Lowest Prices. Deliv-

r Chicago; St. Louis; Atcliis<in, Kaus. ; St. Pan), Minn. ; Des Moines.

and other places. Capacity one car load a day. Write fit once for his

2-95-t6

182

THE BEE-KEEPERS ' BEVIEVp

Hunt's Foundation

Led all others in the Government experiments. It exceeded the Given by G)^ per
cent, and all the rest by 24:}4. See Sept. Review, 1894. The Largest, Most Compre-
hensive Catalog of everything needed in the Apiary, Feee. Cash for Beeswax, or
will make it up in any quantity. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. imst

SOUTHERN HOME if the Honey Bee,

Where you can buy queens as good as the best,
either from an imported or a Golden Italian
mother; guaranteed to bo free from paralysis
at 75 cents each, 6, «4 00; 12, $7.;.0. Tested, *1.C)0
each : 6, »5.' 0 ; 12, $9.00. After June 1st. 50 cents
each for untested ; 6, «2.50; 12, $4.00. Tested, -;i
cents each;tj, $4.oO; 12. *7..50. Good breeders
$2.00 each. Straight five banded or ' faultless
queens, $2.50 e.cli. Bees by the pound, .o cents
a pound. All our golden, tested queens produce
five-banded workers. Satisfaction guaranteed
Descriptive circular free. ^•Vyi;®*?,,^^
HUF8TEDLER BROS.,
l.gs.gt. Clarksville, Texas.

GOLDEN QUEENS

iiiii.i for>\A KANSAS.

Try my big, yellow, golden queens. They are
hustlers. Ready April 15th. One dollar each.
Three-bandid, s.ime price. One-frame nucleus,
with queen, $2.0 i ; two Iramcs, $2.50. Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. 4-!)5-2t
P. J. THOMAS, Fredonia, Kans.

f-lease mention the Reuiew.

Tbeodor^ B^pd^r'^

ITALIAN QUEENS

\re bred for Business, Beauty and (ientleiiess.
He makes a specialty of breeding fine Italian
queens that rank with the best in the world.
Untested queens in May, $l.--'5 eacii; June, .fcl.OO
each or six for $5.00 ; July to October. 7oc. each
or six for $4.25. Tested queens $1.50 each.

Send for free illustrated circular to
THEODORE BENDER

(j.94.tf 18 Fulton St.. Canton, Ohio.

''lease mention the Review.

Oh, Why Don't You
Look to Your hiterest,

And get my CATALOG OF FIVK-BANDED
QUEKNS? It also describes my imported and
fine bred Italians and silver gray Carnioiaus
warranted pure, and all kinds ot bee-keeper s
supplies. Address

" C. B. BANKSTON.

4-<.t5-tf Chriesman, Texas.

Plt^ase mention the Reuiew.

Printing. Press for Sale

In the office of tbe Review is a toot-power,
self-inking, Nonpareil printing press with a
chase (>x ! (J inches in size. This press is in per-
fect order and belongs to a compositor who has
set a large proportion of the type for the Re-
view, but poor health compels him to go West,
and tlie press must be sold Any one in need of
such a press can secure a bargain by addressing
CHAS. FELLOWS, Jr ,

Flint, Mich.

Bees Scooped !

I have at last succeeded in t)uying all the bees
within 2]/o miles of my home apiary, except five
colonies, and tiiese I have Italianizeil and have
permission to control their drones. This prac-
tically gives mo a clear field for breeiiing pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
experience in breeding and experimenting with
Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for
business" from my own importations and Doo-
little's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, S-frame,
D. '1- hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, $27. .50; 10 colonies,
$.50 00; one frame nucleus, $l.t"0; two frame,
$1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to
the above. During March and April, one tested
queen, $2.C0. Select tested queen, $3 00. After
May 1st, one tested queen, $1 .50; 3 for $4. 00; 6
for $7 50 ; selrct tested, $2 .50. Untested queens
as eai'ly as the season will permit of their being
reared, one for $1 00; 3 for $2.25; 6 for $4 00; 12
for $1) 75. I have over UX) tested queens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from fall
colonies to till extra early orders.

Contracts tor hybritl and black bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian queens on reason-
able terms

2 95 12

JOHN t\. DAVIS,

Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tcnn.

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should have a copy of tlie .Vmatour
Boe-Keei)er, a70 page book by I'rof. J. W. Rouse.
Price '25o., by mail 2'<c. The little book and the
Progressive Bee- Keeper (a live progressive 28
page monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO. Hiqginsville. Mo.

I2i«-r2t.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

183

WRITE U5-

Before ordering your Boctions and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on
the

i'nnnAH

BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

I 1^ I

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPINO CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

till orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

Jan. Ist, 1894.

FORJ4CROOK & CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

TEXAS

QUEENS

Has a ('limate Where

cau be roared almost

the year round, and

JENNIE ATCHLEY,
living in this State, at Beovillee. can furnish
tested, 3 banedd Italians at $1.50 each; 5-banded
or Carniolan $2..50 each Untested, either race,
$1.00 each, six for $5.00, or $9.00 per dozen,
till June; after June 1st., 75 cts. each; six
for $4. 25; or $8.00 per dozen. Fine breeder of
either race, or imported queens, $5.00. l-95-6t

Please mention the ReuieuJ.

4-

Dixk

Just to show you what big, yellow queens I
am rearing, I will, for the next thirty days, sell,
at 75 cts. each, untested queens reared from a
mother valued at fifty dollars. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Never any disease among my bees.

W. J. POREHA/HD, Ft. Deposit, A\^^.

— If yon wish the best, low-priced —

TYPE - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing Buch a machine.

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. 2. Write tor special
prices on winter orders in large or small lots,
including all other Supplies. Also Berry Crates
and Baskets made up or in flat.
Address BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,

3.g5.6t Berlin Heights, O.

Rubber M\% Stamps,

Solid rubber type, self -inking pads, dating
stamps, supplies, etc., for beekeepers. Send
for catalogue and samples of work.

C. W. BERCxVW,
2.95-6t Fostoria, Ohio.

Are usually sold for $2.00. I will explain
why I wish to sell a few at less than that .
As most of my readers know, I re-queen
my apiary each spring with young queens
from the South. This is done to do away with swarming. If done early enough it is
usually successful. It will be seen that the queens displaced by these young queens
are never more than a year old ; in fact, they are fine, tested, Italian queens, bight i.v
THEIB PRIME ; yet, in order that they may move off quickly, and thus make room for
the untested queens, they will be sold for only ONE DOLLAR. Or I will send
the Review for 1895 and one of these queens for only $1.75. For $2.00 I wiU send the
Review, the queen and the book " Advanced Bee Culture." If any prefer the young,
laying queens from the South, they can have them instead of the tested queens, at
the same price. A discount on lar^e orders for untested queens. Say how many are
wanted, and a price will be made. Orders can be filled as soon as it is warm enough
to handle bees and ship queens with safety.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint. Mich.

184

THE Bju'E-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DAD&NT & SON, Hamilton, IIIS. ^

'^1 ^^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Reuie-i: ^^^^^— » l'V~-

1
I

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

FOUNDATION

Made on improvod machines, and sold in
small quantities at less than wholesale
rates. I also sell at wholesale — at present
I am filing the third order for a large
dealer. Samples and prices free. 3-95-6t

W. J. FINCHJr., Springfield, Ills.

Ypr 1 Q«r TO THE TIP,

"' ^^ Are the Italian queens

that I can send by return mail at $1.00 each or
six for $5.00. Not one in 100 will prove rnis-
mated, and any that do not produce three- band-
ed bees will be replaced. Tested queens, after
June 15th. same price as above. 5 95-tf

W. H. PRIDGEN, Creek, North Carolina

Please mention the Review.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by ('. \V.
Coetellow. and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful. .Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and tlie best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 !t5.12t Indianapolis, Ind.

SAVE MONEY.

It is always economy to buy the best,
especially when the best costs no more
than something not hnlf so good. Our
FAIiCON SECTIONS are ac-
knovvjoiiged to dh supcriiii- tii nnv on <^lio
market. The same is also true of our HIVES and boe-keopers' SUPPLIES
of winch we make all modern styles. Our prices will be found as low as tuost- ..i
any of our competitors, and in many cases lower. Hud vfiu are always sure of netting
first-class goods We also publish the AMERICAN BEE KEEPER,
a monthly magazine (fifth year) at .50c a year, iuv.i ln;ii)le tr. heginn<>r8. harirp ili.iK-
trated catalogue and price list free. Address THE W T. FALCONER
Mf g Co., Jaine8to\irii, N. If.

New England customers may
by purchasing of our Eastern
agent, Mr. W. M. Gerrish of East
Nottingliam, New Hampshire.

SAVE FREIGHT.

JULY, 1895.

At Fliiqt, Micl^igaq. — Oqe Dollar a Year

18»i

THE BEE-KEEPERS REV IE \

ADVEHTISI^IC f^ATES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Disconnts will be given ae follows :

Oil 10 lines and upwards, a times, 5 |)er cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent : 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 0 times, .30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On KO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 i)er cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Liist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal ( l.O(i)

(/anadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)...
Apiculturist ( .75)

S'.7.5.
1.75.
1.75.
1.10.
130.
1.(55.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— \11 sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; botli wood and comb unsoilod
by travel-stain, or otlierwise : all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb uusoiled by travel stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, usinsrthe terms white, amber
and dark. Tliat is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark,"' etc.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We have just received
a shipment of new comb honey, and quote as
follows : No. 1 white, 14 ; No. 1 amber, 12 ; No.
1 dark, 8 to lO; white, extracted. 7 ; amber, ex-
tracted, 6; dark, extracted, 5. Beeswax, 22.
(1. C. OLEMONS CO.,

July 3. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Dpmand for comb honey
slfiw. Extracted honey is in better dem;ind.
We quote as follows : Fancy wliite. 12 to 13 ; No.
1 wliite, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 9 t-. 10; No. 1
amber. 8 to 9; fancy dark. 9 to ln; No. 1 dark,
8 to 9; white, extracted, Q]^ to 7 ; amber, ex-
tracted. 6 to &\i ; dark, extracted, 5 to 5^. Bees-
wax, 27 to 30.

H. R WRKJHT.
March 5. (Jor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

CHICAGO, III.— Some small consignments ot
the new crop, botli comb ard extracted, liave
been received, and. considering tlio early date,
have sold well. Beeswax is scarce. We quote
as follows: fancy white. 15: No. 1 white, \:\ to
14; fancy amber. 10 to 11 ; No 1 amber, 7 to 10;
fancy dark, 8 to 10; No. 1 dark, 7 to 8; white ex-
tracted, 6'2 to 7 ; ambor, extracted, ti to 6^ ;
dark, extracted, 5 to 5V<i, Beeswax. :?0.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

July 2. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

BUFFALO, N. Y. - Very little is doing in hon-
ey and lots of aid stock is still on hand; no
trade at all at present. Early shipments of new
honey is advised We quote as follows : Fancy

white, 12 to 13 : No 1 white. 10 to 11 ; fancy dark.
7 to 8; No.l flark, 5Jto^;_^^Bpe«wax, 95 to30.

July 3.

BATTERSON * CO .
167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo. N. Y.

MINNEAPOLIS, ^Winn.,— The supply of honey
in this market is small, and the prospects are
that it will soon be cleaned un and prices eo
higher. We quote as follows : Fancv white, 15;
No. 1 white. U: No. 1 amber, 1214 to 13; fancy
dark, 12 ; white extracted, 8 : amber. 6.

J. A. SHEA <^ CO.,
Ilfi First Ave.. North, Minneapolis, Mmn.

March 6.

NEW YORK. N. Y.— rhere is no demand for
comb honey and very little on the market. As
to extracted, new crop Sonthern is ainving
freely: bpsides there is quit» a stofk of l!"«t
year's crop of California on the markei. while
tho demand is rather light. Plentv of heesw<»x
is comins in. «"d. a« the demand i« limited the
price is declining. We quot» as follows : Fancy
white. 19 to 13: fancy amber. M to 12: fancy
dark. 8 to 9 ; white extracted. 6 to 6J^ ; amber ex-
tracted. ^^^■'. Roeawax. '>0 to S'l.

HILDRETH BRO«. A REGELKEX.

July 5. 120 (t 122 West Broadway New York

EE SUPPLIES!

k Send for free copy of Itl^.TTSTRATEl*

P CATALOGUE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G.Xeivman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

R-I'R'A-N'S

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. 2 Write for snecial
prices on winter orders in large or small lots,
including ;ill other Supplies. Also Berry Crates
and Baskets made up or in flat.
Ad.lress BERLIN FKIHT BOX CO.,

3-95-t)t Berlin Heights, O.

Please mention the Reuiew,

®

an@i

i^K^tstsu^^

^^^>^'''^^^r^i^&^S^4-!^:^<^

®

:©
s

:g)

®
:©

:©

Is a book ol' nearly 1*'() pag^es that licg^ins with The
Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they
oug"ht to be cared for in the sprinu^ in order to secure the
workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their
Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections. Supers and Sepa-
rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arrang-ing-
Hives and Building-s and Shading- the Bees are described.
Varieties of Bees, Introducing- Queens and Planting- for
Honey are next g^iven a chapter each. Then the Hiving^ of
Bees, Increase, Its Manag-ement and Control, and Contrac-
tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered ; after which
Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Oueen Rearing-, the Raising-
of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding- Back " are taken
up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the
Market, and Marketing- are discussed. Then Mig-ratory
Bee -Keeping-, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at
Fairs are each ^iven a chapter. After this comes the
question of Wintering-, which is discussed in all its phases.
The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature,
Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There arc also
chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping-, Com-
forts and Con-xeniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee-
Keeping-, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all.

Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one j^ear and the
1)ook for SI. 25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

188

THE BEE-KEEPEl

LKJ ^_^-

You maj' be able to get. Supplies at

But how does the Workmanship C'ompare with ours at

GUT PRIGES!

LIVING PRICES?

We are receiving daily, unsolicited, testimonials like th

The a. I. Root Co. : The Dovetailed hives ordered of you some time ago arrived from
the railroad to day, and this evening I put one of the bodies together, and must sa> it was just fuii.
Those dovtailed pieces were " voost der fit." la fact, everything seems to me bo far to be better than
the catalog promised or than I expected. 1 tiiank you for the promptness with which you filled the
order, and especially for the quality of the goods. As regards lumber in hives and frames, it is far
ahead of any 1 ever saw, and 1 have seen a number ordered of other dealers, and, as for workman-
ship, I have seen nothing to compare with yours. S. L. PAYNE, Westfall, Oregon, May .Oth

This explains our great flood of orders. Thirty-six page Catalog.

\0 sweat steals down the heated cheeks and
aching back of the bee-keeper as the re-
sult of standing in the hot sun puffing, blowing, smoking and brushing bees ; no time is
wasted in these disagreeable operations, and no stings received in resentment of such treat-
ment ; the honey is secured free from black or even the taint of smoke : the cappings are
not injured by the gnawing of bees ; and robbers stand no show whatever. If there are any
broken burr-combs they are cleaned up by the bees inside the hive, before the honey is re-
moved. Leading bee-keepers use the PORTER escape, and say that without a trial it is im-
possible to realize the amount of vexatious, annoying, disagreeable work that it saves. The
cost is only 20 cts. each, or $2.2'> per doz. As in the past, this escape is manufactured by the
Porters, but The A. I. Root|||Co. has secured control of the sale for this country. Order of

your dealer or of jhe A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

Please Cut Out

rilis wliole Advt.
Ai^ii, and Mail.

If^" Please send me
I he Aini^ricau Ken .Inuriial
I'iich week for Three
.Months. At the end
of ihMt time 1 will re-
mit $1 .00 for 1 year's
• ubs<Miption. or 2.5c.
i I caso I decide to
d ^t'outinue.

9

To the Pu[>iisii(^rs nf Aine.rjcnii M Journal,

56 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, 11.1^.

Ndine

P. O.

suite

J. W. K. SHAW S GO.

Will fill your orders for 'Italian queens
promptly by return mail. Queens are
bred from fine imported, and liome-
bred mothers, and are large, healthy and
prolific. Tested queens, this season's
rearing, $1.00 each, $10.00 per dozen. Un-
tested, 70 cts. each, or $7.00 per dozen.

Safe arrival and satisfaction guaian-
teed. Make money orders i)ayalDle at
Loreauville.

I. W. K. SHAW & CO,, Loreauville, La.

Italian Queens

.\n(l Hees From my Original

FIWE - BAHDEE)

strain whi(^ii gives sucti genei.il satisfaction as
Comb Honey PpodueePs.

Queens, warranted i)urely mated, in .June,
$1.(K) each ; six for $.')..(H); twelve, $9 50.

1 aim to have the best- not the cheapest. For
full particulars, i)ricps of tested queens and

Bee^KeepcPs' Supplies

Send lor descriptive circular. 2-95-tf

C. D. DUVHULi, Speneepville, JAd.

T

ne (i)ee-f\eepeps jAcvieo.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tlqo lr|tcrests of Hor]ey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.
W. z, HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL, VII

LiNT, MICHIGAN, JULY 10. 1895.

NO. 7.

Work at IVEidiigan's

Experimental

-A.piarv.

15. L TAYLOK, APIARIPT.
SPKING-PACKING OF BEES.

T AST year fiu
£j extensive ex-
periment in the
|i:ieldn<j of bees
diirintr the spring
inontlis was made
wifhfi \iew to de-
termiiiiut,' wheth-
e r a n y benefit
was to be derived
from such protec-
tion, or to put it
ill another way,
whether the warmtli retained by the packing
more than counterbalenced the sim lieat
shut out by it. The result proved the pack-
ing to be disastrous for a spring of the char-
acter of that of 1SS»4, with bees in the condi-
tion those used for that experiment were in
during that time. Many of the colonies
were weak in numbers and some of them
not in the best of health. The spring losses
were dispro[)ortionately large and the col-
onies that survived did not do so well as did
those without any protection.

The importance of the matter prompted
me to repeat the experiment the present
spring but on a much smaller scale since I

had become satisfied in my own mind that

at the best it could not prove very profitable.
Twelve colonies were selected for the pur-
pose, a history of who^e condition, reaching
back to the preceding fall and up to the time
when the packing was removed the 12th of
the current June, was carefully kept. 8ome
of the colonies showed more or less signs of
having voided excrement during winter be-
fore removed from the cellar, but after
their first spring tlight I considered them to
be in excellent health and of considerably'
more than the average strength for the sea-
son. So far as tlie rearing of brood was con-
cerned, all the colonies were substantially
alike when the t)acking was done which was
effected as soon as they were thoroughly set-
tled after removal from the winter quarters.
At that time brood rearing was only fairly
begun, there being capped brood in each;
covering a comb space of eight or ten square
inches and young brood and eggs covering a
space equal to about one-half a Langstroth
frame. The twelve colonies were divided
equally into two lots of six each as impar-
tially as possible that the two lots might be
as nearly alike as possible in all respects.
Before doing this the colonies were again
weighed, this time and the subsequent time
the bottom board of each being included.
As will be seen the advantage in the division
was slightly with the lot packed both in the
average strength as well as in the total
weight. A table is given herewith showing
the condition of each colony in detail at dif-
ferent times, including the weights and

190

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV IE .

amount of brood at the time the packing
was removed shortly before the middle of
the present month.

In order to make the experiment a crucial
one for bees under like conditions during a
spring of like characteristics the greatest
care was taken in attending to all the de-
tails. A platform was placed under each of
the colonies to be packed, to effectually pre-
vent the packing material from attracting
any moisture from the earth. Each one was
surrounded with a box of sucli size as to al-
low a space of two inches between it and the
hive in front and from three to four inches
at the rear, on the sides and on the top,
planer shavings freshly made from dry pine
lumber were used, packed moderately hard,
for iilling these spaces.

honey per colony though the force of tho
conclusion is much weakened by the taci
that one of the six colonies gained nearly
two-thirds of the total ](>% pounds gain.
On the other hand that protection effected
some saving is rendered tolerably certain by
the fact that each of the protected colonies
made at least a little gaiu while all except
two of those without protection lost in
weight. But granting that two and three-
fourth pounds of honey saved is a fair ex-
ponent of the advantage to be derived from
spring protection what shall the verdict bs
with regard to the policy ot giving such pro-
tection ? At best this would be barely suf-
ficient to pay for the labor of packing and
unpacking the colonies leaving nothing to
recompense the procuring and storing of

COLONIES PACKED.

i ti

TS

(>»

s- c

Qj

X c

0

o--^

a

2 0

o

0; ft

«

a.

a

■^ -2

O fl

(M

• rt M

s: tjj

-■

1?.

0 fl

.'^'"1

a- a
5'5

ClL ,

■S:S

z

Mm

some.

48

&:?

^S

^;f^J

-n^zi

1

6

35

38>4

38}^

7

2

6

^m

4(JM

48

49

^y^

3

7

none.

m%

i*M

46J4

47 M

lO^o

4

7

0.^^

54

r)i)4

■'•^y^

10

.")

7

much.

54

4,'

40%

1.-94

,s

H

lU
43

none.

im

55%

55 '4

6534

11)

Total . -•

361J4

(JO.Zt

'il9U

28O14
46.71

297

54

Average

7.16

4« 63

49.5

9

COLONIES NOT PACKED.

Total.

Average .

none,
a little.

none,
a little.

471.1
65

53^

54.54

38%
50V4
37%

441/2

47
49

2671^4

44.54

39%

37%

7

53M

lS.1,0

8

3»%

41I4

81--

44%

501-2

10

46

451/2

9

49M

4714

12

.72

272

MH

45 33

45 33

9.04

The table largely explains itself. Advan-
tageous results are shown in two ways, viz.,
by increased weight and by the larger amount
of brood. In the latter respect the differ-
ence is hardly appreciable, but that differ-
ence though less than one-half of one per
cent, is in favor of the colonies without
spring protection. In the former point tlie
colonies not packed just hold their own,
while those packed show an average gain of
about two and three-fourths pounds, so we
may set it down as the net advantage of
packing in this experiment that it effected a
saving of two and three-fourths pounds of

material. Taking this into account and the
result would show a considerable percentage
of loss in ilie operation. Hut circumstances
might perhaps be easily changed so as to put
an entirely Lifferent face upon the matter.
The colonies used in the present experiment
are in a place pretty well protected from cold
winds which is a condition to be reckoned
with. If this protection were wanting spring
packing might prove very profitable.
Whatever t he event may prove to be with re-
gard to packing I am strongly impressed
with the idea from my experience in this
line last year and this that the value of the

I HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

191

spriujj sunshine is not appreciated as it de-
serves to be.

IjAI'eeu, Mich. June 24, ISi)"..

The North American Devotees Too Much

Time to a Discussion of Primary and

Dollar and Cent Questions.

WM. F. CLAUKK.

T cheerfully re-
1 spend to the
editorial request
to write an arti-
cle for the Re-
view o n better
organization
among bee-keep-
ers. It is a sub-
ject in regard to
which I have
been deeply in-
terested and
tliought much for a quarter of a century. I
had sanguine dreams about it " a long time
aijo," but they have been sadly disappoint-
ed of late years, until I feel about it as the
(lermau florist did about the perfect flower
he had been trying to produce ; — "I sees it
not var' mootch."

Thj North American was intended from
the outset to be a representative body. At
the meeting held in Indianapolis, Dec. 4-(>,
1872, when I had the honor of being Presi-
dent, tlie following resolution was unani-
mously adopted : —

" Jiesolved, That the president of this so-
ciety be authorized, in its name and behalf,
to address a circular to all the bee-keepers
of North America, urging the formation of
neighborhood, county. State, territorial and
provincial associatious, auxiliary to this so-
ciety." A circular was promptly issued in
accordance with the foregoing resolution,
auJ a strong appeal made to bee-keepers to
orgaui/,3 at once and appoint delegates to
the next annual meeting which was appoint-
ed for Louisville, Ky., the first Wednesday
in Dec, 1H7;'.. This and all other efforts in a
similar direction, as stated in the June Re-
view, have '■ come to naught." The North
American never has been and is not now a
representative body.

There are some ludicrous aspects to the
present composition and working of the
Association. It Is provided that there may
be affiliated societies on payment of $'» each.

Delegates from such affiliated societies are
graciously " admitted free," and have all
the rights of individual members who have
paid a dollar each. [Affiliation was done
away with at the last meeting.] — Ed.] At
the last annual meeting a "smart Alec,"
from Canada, representing no one but him-
self, captured the Presidency and bagged
the entire Association. |At the Chicago
meeting there was an understanding that
Canada should receive first consideration
the next year. — Ed. | It is hardly safe for
the Association to cross the Mississippi, it
would seem ! It did so once before, and lost
Ontario's affiliation by ill-advised action
Anxious apparently to atone for this blun-
der, last year it allowed

"A youtli who bore tlirough snow and ice
A banner with this strange device

Excelsior,"

to surround the body and carry it home
with him. Representative society indeed !
With such an exploit on the historic record,
it is the very antipodes of that. [Had the
body been strictly representative, I see no
reason why it might not have chosen Toron-
to as the place for holding the next meeting
and elected Bro. Holtermauu as its Presi-
dent.—Ed.]

The Review takes the grounds that the
sending of delegates from county. State and
provincial societies is not possible on ac-
count of the expense. It then adds, perhaps
this would be no obstacle if there were suf-
ficient incentive, such as there is, for in-
stance, in politics. There ought to be in-
centive enough, and would be if the thing
were properly managed. But the Associa-
tion has never come up to the ideal formed
by its originators, who hoped to make it a
Supreme Court or High Parliament of bee-'
keeping. It has been, for the most part, a
mere school for beginners, and there has al-
ways Vjeen a strongly marked dislike of
thoughtful papers and really able discuss-
ions. A good social time, and a gossipy
talk over the A B C of bee-keeping has been
about all the meetings have amounted to.
Consequently, many of our foremost bee-
keepers have been once, and did not care to
come again. Capt. J. E. Hetherington was
at the Cleveland meeting in 1872, and ex-
pressed his disappointment to me that the
intellectuality of the thing did not reach a
higher level. Instead of a select gathering
of advanced bee-keepers, who could discuss
vexed and knotty questions in apiculture,
we have held a sort of " deestric skool " for

192

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV IE /c .

those who would show plainly that they have
never read a book on bee keeping in their
lives, and know nothing in regard to dis-
puted points in the higher realms of apicul-
ture. Capt. Hetherington attended once, as
I have said, at Cleveland ; Manum and Doo-
little once at Detroit; Heddon twice when
the meetings were so near him that he could
hardly help going. I could name many who
did not care to go when the meetings were
near them. In any effort to lift the organ-
ization out of its present rut, there must be
included a dropping of this feature of pri-
mary instruction, an abolition of the ques-
tion box, a suppression of the supply busi-
ness, and an elevation of the annual meeting
to a far higher plane" generally. If this
were done the North American should have
something to give in return to local societies
for sending delegates.

Bee-keepers as a class have always lacked
what the French call Esprit-de-corps, a
phrase for which we have no English equiva-
lent. There has been, I think, though some
deny it, a sort of mutual admiration society
among them, but very little of the enthusi-
asm of a pursuit, regardless of its doUar-
and-cent features. I could name a score of
bee-keepers on the continent of North
America with whom I would gladly meet in
convention for three days or a week at my
own cost. For that matter 1 have always
paid my own expenses except at the Keokuk
meeting when the Ontario Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation paid my expenses. I have never
pursued bee-keeping for the money there is
iu it, and herein, some tliink, I have been
greatly to blame and have proved myself of
no great account in connection with the
business. Well, I look at nothing in this
world merely through a money medium.
You may hold up a silver dollar to your eye
and shut out all the glories of the sun. Bee-
keeping lias paid me in other ways far more
than all it has cost, and I firmly believe the
North American will never be what it might
be to bee-keeping while the sordid, dollar-
and-cent view of the pursuit is in the ascen-
dent.

All the same, I cannot for the life of me
see why the system of having delegates from
county societies to State and provincial so-
cieties, and from the latter to the North
American is not possible on account of the
expense. If so, the more's the pity. If so,
we may as well '"hang up de fiddle an' de
bow !"

Every State organization should have in-
fluence enough to secure a grant from the
public treasury, part of which may be most
legitimately and usefully expended in pay-
ing the expense of sending the delegates to
the North American. When the Ontario
Bee- Keepers' Association first got its gov-
ernment grant of $.'">00 a year, one of the
thoughts of those who were then at the head
of its affairs was that of sending a delega-
tion to the North American. But " a change
came o'er the spirit of its dream." There is
a management now that prefers to spend the
funds on absurd legislation.

But I have written at greater length than
I intended and will only add that I agree
with the Review in regard to amalgamating
the Bee-Keepers' Union with the North
American, provided always, that the latter
can be uplifted and put on a proper footing.

GuELPH, Ont.

June 18, ISil.'-).

The Class of Bee-Keepers Needed in Perfect-
ing Organization.— B. Taylor and the
Heddon Hive.

JAMES HEDDON.

^^yHE WORLD
1' moves at a
1 ace - horse speed,
ijowadays, time
and space are both
valuable. Conse-
<inently I will pass
the points made in
><)ur introductory
111 last issue, and
touch only the few
that I think have
been left out.
Basic priuciples must be understood, to the
end that we may succeed in anything.
These are always taught first, in all systema-
tized professions and trades. Sometimes I
think that bee-keepers are deplorably igno-
rant of first principles ; of the foundation
principles connected with their work. It
seems that Mr. Case has been uncommonly
unfortunate in losing bills for honey. He
may he imbued with the false doctrine that
people who talk out plain, and call things by
their right name, are bad people. If this is

I'lik JiK/'J-Kh'EPERS' litVlEW.

193

so, Mr. Case has not only lost money by con-
fidence men. but has lost opportunity by be-
in;^ afraid to trust plain, outspoken, fearless
and honest people. It is just this false sen-
timent that I am most anxious to replace
with a better one. In the first place, bee
journals have no right to publicly pronounce
a man a fraud, whether he /s a fraud or )i<)l.
Libel is libel, even when the truth is told,
under many and varied conditions. A bee-
keepers' organization could collectively pur-
chase Dunn's and Bradstreet's commercial
reports, and a secretary could be drawn on
for information. This would be author-
ative, legal and according to rule. After all,
most people will find out cjuioker and cheap-
er at home, and will learn not to trust those
not reported good, no matter what nice let-
tors they may write.

Yon are correct I think, Mr. Editor, when
you state that the probable reason why or-
ganization has done so little, is because bee-
keepers haven't been able to discover its
usefulness : and I wish to add that they
haveu't yet been able, except in the case of
the bee-keepers' Union, which was organ-
ized for the special purpose of dignifying
our profession, and maintaining our inalien-
able rights. It was plain to the founder of
that Union, that there was a broad, un-
touched and easily workable field for organ-
ized effort iti that line, and the Union was
formed, and the results proved the original
conception correct. Then up came the idea
of the anti-adulteration attachment. It
would seem that even children might have
discovered that this attachment would only
act as a clog upon the Union, and that said
Union could do nothing at all in the line
proposed. But grown men couldn't see it ;
they see it now, I think, hut if they don't, let
the Union once put this adopted appendage
into active operation, and they will learn it
right away. Before organization can ac-
complish anything, it must be harmoniously
organized aright, and then its members
must pull together as one man ; they must
have a common purpose upon which all are
enthusiastically united ; then they will
"stand," not "fall." I said purpose, not
purposes. What would you think of a dem-
ocratic-methodist organization ?

Then there is another weak condition con-
nected with the apicultural organizations we
have had. The leaders have not been honey
producers, consequently they were not filled
with apicultural enthusiasm. What kind of

enthusiasm then, did bring these men to our
conventions, and cause them to seek a lead-
ing position at the front ? Some desired to
be seen. Others had axes to grind. They
had some money speculation in view. It
has been preachers, professors, publishers,
supply dealers, and a few side-issue bee-
keepers, who have been at the front as lead-
ers, because of their energies to get there,
and the foolishness of bee-keei)ers to assist
them. Most of these men are impractical,
not only as honey [)roducers, but as workers
in any cause. We want practical organizers,
instead of theoretical ones. Nearly all of
our experimental stations have been man-
aged by men who would starve to death as
honey-producers, a little quicker than at any
other line of business. They had their
heads full of Cyprians, Apis Dorsata, anti-
tobacco, temperance, religion, and every-
thing good and bad, wise and silly, that
dosen't belong to the special interest of the
honey producer. Some preachers can talk
well. The graduate from some college can
write a good hand, and he is supposed to be
good material for a secretary. First give
us honey producers, and then give us the
best speakers and writers, from among that
clans. Put your preachers, and professors,
and most of your literary bee-keepers, back
on the back seats where they can learn some-
thing practical, and advance them as fast as
they can prove that they have learned it by
raising honey and shipping it to market in
crates and barrels. The best credentials are
bank checks for honey. How many times
have we been enjoined to bring samples of
our supplies to bee conventions, and how
many more times have we been criticized
for not doing it ? I think the place to ex-_
hibit bee hives is in the apiary. The other
fittest place, in bee journals. Anyway let
the bee-keeper who attends conventions be
that enthusiastic that he will forget to take
along his bee hive. The organizers and ma-
nipulators of our associations are possessed
of too much theoretical talent, and not near-
ly enough practical tact. When our bee
journals shall have succeeded in weeding out
the copious writers of sophistry and false
theories, men who have two large apiaries
and a wheel in their head, and one poor,
little, old, broken down apiary in their back
yard, then we may be able to weed them out
of our organizations ; then we can organize
wisely and to some purpose. Please excuse
the plain and frank style of this essay, Vjut

194

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

you asked me for it and you have it. As you
know, I am a very plain and outspoken man,
but I mean well. I like to be talked to in
the same way. And when I am wrong that
kind of talk does me much good. ( )ue thing
that we are suffering most from, is fear of
telling the truth, and calling things by their
right name. I know of no trade o profess-
ion whose literature is so replete with hypoc-
racy and nonsense. Honey producers can-
not hope for the best success until we change
this condition of affairs.

Before closing, please allow me a word in
answer to B. Taylor's persistent claims re-
garding my invention. Heretofore, one
class have claimed ownership of my loroper-
ty, while entirely another set of individuals
have declared its worthlessness. It was left
for Bro. Taylor to occupy a position in both
classes. Well, I thank him very much for
placing himself upon record as at no time
discovering the merits of a divisible brood
chamber. Whether he adopted it before or
since I published it to the world, we have
iiis statement on page Ifil that he has aban-
doned it, and this settles the controversy
f(n-ever. "Abandonment and subsequent
adoption of tilings claimed to be alike, is
evidence sufficient to negative that claim." —
Walker.

I agree with Bro. Taylor regarding mo-
nopolies, but that kind of monopoly which
IS granted as pay for intellectual labor per-
formed, and is limited in its duration, is
certainly the most harmless and is the most
endurable of all. I am that much of a re-
former that when other monopolies are
ousted, as they should be, the patent may go
with the rest, for all I care. But as long as
vicious monopolies are allowed to remain,
and I am compelled to pay tribute to them,
compelled by law — should I not be allowed
to take advantage of a patent system that al-
lows me, for a limited time, to monopolize
the products of my own brain V I have
never tried to prevent any one from making,
using or selling anything and everything
that was made, used or sold, previous to the
issuance of my patent ; nor that was not a
part and parcel of my invention, described
as new in the specifications of my patent
There has been no controversy about that.
I am cited to old usages as an excuse for
using the different and new combinations
squarely covered by my patent.

Mr. Taylor says that "inventors should be
rewarded." In this we agree. Now the

question comes, how should they be reward-
ed ? I will tell you how I want to be re-
warded ; as others are, under the govern-
ment in which we live. Relative justice says
that I should have all the rights and privi-
leges that others have, and which I am com-
pelled to respect under similar circum-
stances. It is'nt for Mr. Taylor to tell how I
am to be rewarded ; the government told
that. It says I may have the exclusive right
of the use, manufacture and sale of what-
ever I have invented, provided I patented
my invention and paid the government for
my patent. I have paid the bill, and got the
goods, and do not propose to have my prop-
erty confiscated because Mr. Taylor thinks
the bargain between the government and
myself was more favorable to nie than it
should have been. My Bro. Bee-Keeper
should seek to change the government,
rather than to change bee-keepers from the
channel of honesty and law abiding, to that
of confiscation. Now I trust we understand
each other, and as we agree so nicely on
nearly all other subjects, we will have no
further disagreement upon this one. Years
ago Mr. Taylor, like thousands of others,
used two brood chambers in unity. He used
them in such a way that he discovered no
special benefit or improvement upon old
methods by such use, and since abandoned
it. Scores of us did the same thing. What
I claim, is a divisible brood chamber as
specified, constructed and arranged in a cer-
tain manner for certain purposes. Now let
it be understood that the patent law allows
me to hold all equivalents that operate on
the same principle, performing the same
functions by analogous means or equivalent
combinations. The claim that I am con-
fined to a particular combination, leaving
out others which perform the new functions
of my discovery by analogous means or
equivalent combinations, is the same old
hue and cry that was raised against Father
Langstroth, and is not true and never was.
The great authority Walker says " Novelty
of any thing is not negatived by another
thing which was not designed or used to per-
form the functions of the first. Everything
favors the patentee on account of perjury."
Also that " Any claim will hold its equiva-
lent, for few combinations now exist, or can
hereafter be made, which do not contain at
least one element, an efficient substitute for
which could readily be suggested by any per-
son skilled in the particular art." And that

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

195

"

*

'\

,V-. :^, ^

-.^•(j

i

^

' The Btate of the art to which an invention
belongs at the time thut invention was
made, must be considered in construing any
claim for tlie invention."

I thank Bro. Taylor for placing himself
on record in a light that ends all controversy
between us.
DDowAQiAo, Mich. .June 17, 189.5.

Early Rising — Swarm - Catchers and the
Uses to Which They May Be Put.

B. TAYLOB.

iTTiPIARIAN sci-
Xi ence is much
like military sci-
ence. There is the
recruiting time, the
arming and drill-
ing, the dress par-
ade , finally the bat-
tle. In my article
m the April Review
I said, in naming
the main factors in
making honey pro-
ducing a success, " a live intelligent enter-
prising bee-keeper who is ivilling to get up
at three o'clock and work until eight." Per-
haps I should have qualified this by saying
one willing to work such long hours in an
emergency, for I do not believe in making
beasts of burden of ourselves, especially for
the mere purpose of serving "mammon."
I know that the " life is more than meat, the
body than raiment." but when one is willinrj
tolwork long hours, labor is not slavery but
oftimes the most joyful freedom. Friend
E. T. Abbott in the A. B. ./. takes exceptions
to those long hours, and ecolds fiercely.
Friend Abbott, 1 did not mean you when I
recommended these unusual hours, I said
"willing,^' and, as you do not seem to be
willing we will excuse you ; but if we or oth.
ers can enjoy this service, I hope you will be
generous enough to give us the privilege. I
do not believe many persons harm them-
selves by early rising. I believe there is too
much .<f/ii'rfcin{;o/fci(s/»c.s.s and too little tcil-
ling, joyful industry. Taking the year
around I do not get up so early as six
o'clock, but I have practiced all my life, at
certain seasons, to rise very early, and have
no evidence of having harmed myself there-
by. Now in the weakness of advanced years.

if I have any hard tasks to do I am compell-
ed to arise early and do them in the cool
morning air, for I cannot work in the noon
heat. If Mr. Abbott wants to, I will not
scold, but I hope I will be more thoughtful
than one of my acquaintances. I visited the
house of this good man one morning : the
wife had a smoking hot breakfast upon the
table but the husband was not visible. Pres-
ently he came shambling out of the bed-
room half dressed, and feeling a little
ashamed no doubt. He began to explain
that he did not believe in early rising ; did
not believe it necessary ; thought every one
could make a living without working before
breakfast. I facetiously agreed with him
and advised his wife to never again ivork be-
fore breakfast. I do not know whether the
gentleman saw the 2yoint or not.

Now friends I have given my reasons for
the safety and profit of early rising. Espec-
ially in swarming time it is with me, here in
Minnesota, a necessity, for swarms have
frequently come out as early as six a. m.,
and as late as six p. m. Those late swarms
always remain over night and I have found
many a one by chance the following morn-
ing. Such swarms, if not discovered and
hived, leave for the woods at 9 or 10 o'clock.
Those that come out early in the morning
remain about the same time and then leave
for a new home in some hollow tree.

We have usually kept about 200 colonies
here in the home yard and to have been in
bed at six a. m. in swarming time would
have been fatal to success. At such times
we never think of all leaving the yard for
dinner. I commonly remain and watch un-
til the help returns and then take my meal,
and I have frequently hived from four to six
swarms in this brief time. If there had been
no watching many of these swarms would
have been lost. I know a bee-keeper with
100 colonies who never watches his yard in
swarming time, further than to go two or
three times each day and look among the
neighboring trees for clustered swarms. I
know this man loses dozens of swarms each
year, yet he says and seems to believe he
does not. Of course this good man has net
made bees pay.

Now friends I have written all this to im-
press on you that industry and unceasing
diligence is the price of .success in bee-keep-
ing, and if I have succeeded I have done you
a great service. What you must have to
make bee-keeping, or in fact any other busi-

196

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEh

ness, a success is not simply a knowledge of
minor details but a grasp of the broad gen-
eral principles underlying each trade. Of
late years there has been much talked and
written about easy methods of catching and
hiving swarms and many kinds of swarm
catchers and self-hivers have been invented
and some of them patented and the public
has been nearly persuaded that the good
time was at hand when we could just leave
our bees to hive themselves and make us
rich while we rested without care. I have
given all these devices such a prolonged and
critical investigation and trial as few have
attempted. In theory they seemed reason-
able, and I sought to realize the theory in
practice and now after years of hopeful and
pleasure-giving work I have lost faith in
them and abandoned the field, as none of
the new fangled notions except the swarm
citcher have proved a success with me ;
the swarm catcher is useful if rightly
used in handling swarms, especially
in a yard of many colonies. To get
its full use the hives in a yard should
all be of one uniform width, and af-
ter every thing is lu order the catcher is a
great aid and will have a prominent place in
my yard while I keep bees. Even if I never
caught swarms as they issued from the hives
I would have at least half a dozen wire cloth
boxes three feet long and eighteen inches
square, with one end easily removed and re-
placed ; in this I can keep swarms until I
am ready to hive them. I use my swarm
catchers frequently in that way. I take
swarms that I have clustered upon a bunch
of bushes and taking out the movable end of
the catcher gently put the swarm, bush and
all, into the catcher, close it and the swarm is
in prison to be put into the cellar and hived
at my convenience. I frequently have eight
or more swarms in the wintering cellar at
one time and they frequently remain over
night, sometimes 4S hours. When they re-
main so long it is swarms that have been
hived a day or two, and then have deserted
their hives. Such swarms go straight away
and are lost. Some years our loss has teen
very great in this way ; dozens of swarms
leaving, some after half tilliugtheir hive with
comb and starting brood. Now when we see
such a swarm coming out, a catcher is clap-
ped to the hive entrance and the captured
swarm imprisoned in the calaboose (cellar)
from 40 to 48 hours and then returned .to
their hive and all danger of their leaving is

past. Or if I don't want increase I catch the
swarms, hold them 40 hours, and then return
them whence they came and they will not
swarm again if plenty of room is given in
the surplus department. Yes, the swarm
catcher is truly helpful in many ways. We
have always had tine fruit trees near our api-
ary, and the swarms would settle on the
limbs and the limbs would have to be cut or
would be broken, or the fruit knocked ofif.
To avoid this I made a very useful invention.
It requires but little skill, no expense, there
is no patent on it, so all can have it. It is
made by tying some slender bushes together
in a bunch as large as a small sheaf of grain
and 23.2 feet long. On one end is a hook to
hang it up by. When a swarm commences
to alight I wait until part of the bees have
settled, then, if on the small limbs, I shake
them onto the said bunch of bushes. If they
settle on the main limbs or trunk of the tree
or other place where they cannot be shaken
off I take a dipper and dip a quantity of
bees from the cluster and pour them gently
on the swarming bush. I now shake all the
bees possible from the aligtiting place, im-
mediately hang up the bush near by, and
with the smoker the bees are prevented from
alighting there again. They will soon find
the cluster on the bush and all alight there,
after whicli if business is not rushing I hive
them, but if many swarms are likely to come
I slip the swarm, bushes and all into one of
the swarm catchers or boxes I have men-
tioned, carry them into the cellar or a shady
place, and hive them after the rush is over.
After 1 get a swarm in the catcher and an-
other one is coming, if I bring the impris-
oned swarm near the swarm in the air they
will immediately settle on the catcher from
which they can be bruslied and hived with-
out disturbing the swarm witliin. I have
carried the catcher into the sliade with one
swarm iunide and auotlier outside and left
tliem for liours, and 1 have reason to believe
that tlie swarm on the outside will not leave
while there is one imprisoned within. Some-
times in catching a swarm, many of the bees
are out before the catcher is in place but if
the (jueen is caught the bees already out will
settle on the outside and can bd carried to
the cellar where they will stay until hived.
Not one (lueen in ten comes out in the first
half of the swarm and she is nearly always
caught. If she is not caught, the bees will
not become (luiot aud cau be liberated to re-
turn home.

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

197

M'

Swarming time is the battle field of bee-
keeping. Any thing we can do in previous
drill in preparing hives andimpleraentfr that
can be handled rapidly at that time is time
and money well spent.

No, friends, I fear that in giving you my
rather discouraging experience with many
of the much hoped for helps in our work you
will feel disappointed. I know that specu-
lators of all kinds who are interested in sell-
ing these things will not be pleased but I am
writing these articles for the benefit of hon-
ey producers, and not to boom manufactur-
ers and speculators in supplies. I have long
believed that " by the sweat of your brow
you shall eat bread," was not and is not a
curse and that none are so safe as he who
earns what he eats.

FoBESTViLLE, Miuu. May 22, 1895.

Factors to Be Observed and Methods to Be
Followed in Securing Better Organiza-
tion Among Bee -Keepers.

ALLEN PRINGLE.

AN is a gregarious animal, and "in
union there is strength." This is at
once the sanction for and the justification of
organization. Man is also a selfish animal,
as well as social and benevolent, and this is
the prime cause of organization. And while
it may be more or less humilitating to make
the admission it is nevertheless true that
most organizations of men are founded in
selfishness. There are no doubt purely al-
truistic organizations for philanthropic and
benevolent purposes, but most combinations
of men are egoistic, pure and simple. Men
unite for their own personal interests, and
in defence of not only their legitimate rights
but oftentimes alleged rights which are ille-
gitimate.

It would be well, therefore, for us bee-
keepers, in endeavoring to organize, to keep
these general facts and principles in view.
As a rule in all organizations the greater the
personal advantage to the member the
stronger the organization. Hence the
strength of the monopolies and the com-
bines. While these may not be strong, com-
paratively speaking, numerically, they are
strong financially, and strong in their in-
fluence on governments. When an organ-
ization passes the bounds of legitimate in-
terests and rights and begins to trench upon
the interests and rights of those outside, it

becomes a " combine," so-called, or a mo-
nopoly. The apicultural organizations have
not yet, so far as I know, reached that ad-
vanced stage of civilization ! They will not
reach it for some time to come. The mem-
bers thereof are too honest for that I The
enthusiasm of bee-keeping swallows up a
good deal of selfishness in both amateur and
professional. Still, there is just enough of
the latter left in the average bee-keeper to
prompt him to look for a substantial quid
pro quo in joining a society of bee-keepers
and becoming an active member. This,
then, must be the " working hypothesis " in
booming successful organization. Of course
there are other secondary factors of more or
less potency and influence, which may be
taken into the account, such as the social
element in human nature ; the ambition to
excel which is naturally born of a loved and
congenial pursuit ; the desire for "place and
power," even though the "place" be only
that of an officer or member of an apicul-
tural society, and the " power " that of legis-
lating in the case of the officer, and that of
voting in the case of the member, etc.

Here, then, we have the sure foundations
upon which to build in developing methods
and devising ways and means to accomplish
successful apicultural organization. It may
be taken for granted that a large majority
of bee-keepers who would become members
and workers in an organization must have
substantial inducements held out to them
and be convinced that the thing will pay
them in dollars and cents. That fetches
them, and that once realized they stay, and
for a reason which is all-potent with them.
Of the minority some will join and stay
joined from some of the other motives given
above and others from other motives.

The matter then being settled that these
are the inducements which nius' be held out
in order to succeed, the practical question
thereupon arises how can they be offered —
how can the end be attained ?

In the discussion of this question of api-
cultural organization it may be assumed that
it is this country and that that are concerned
— the United States and Canada. While the
cognomen International Society would in
truth include more than the two countries,
in fact it has not done so. Over there in the
U. S. you have, I believe, county societies.
State societies, and a national (the Interna-
tional) society ; here in Canada we have
county societies. Provincial, but no Domin-

198

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ion society. Our Provincial societies may
be regarded as tantamount to your State so-
cieties, and both may be considered along
the same lines. These are, I think, the or-
ganizations, on both sides, in which the main
responsibility, force, and work ought to be
concentrated. This is what we aim at here,
and I would suggest a similar course for our
cousins over the way. Our county societies
are affiliated with our Provinical (the Onta-
rio Bee-Keepers' Association) and would not
amount to much of themselves independent
of the central society from which they re-
ceive an annual money grant and other
privileges. Of course the Provincial society
receives an annual grant of money from the
Provincial government which is the financial
back-bone of the society, enabling it to ac-
complish the splendid work it does ; while
without that grant the Association could do
but little if it could exist at all. The grant
enables the society to hold out to bee-keep-
ers substantial inducements to join and re-
main members. Each member gets an an-
nual premium of some kind nearly if not
quite equal to his membership fee of one
dollar. He al*=o gets the annual official re-
port, including the papers in full and discus-
sions, of the annual meeting. Besides these
substantial inducements the society presents
others less substantial to stimulate the sub-
sidiary motives referred to above. Tribute
is paid to the social element in the public,
popular evening meetings held in connec-
tion with the annual conventions which oc-
cupy three days each year ; and tribute is
paid to the vanity (that is too strong, I will
say approbativeness) of human nature by
printing in the annual official reports what-
ever any member has to say in the discus-
sions on matters apicultural. This is com
passed by the society securing the services
of a stenographer to take a verbatim report
of the proceedings of the annual meetings.
A committee of revision takes the short
hand report and prepares it for publication,
pruning away the excrescences. The mem-
ber who cannot reach the annual meetings
thus gets the benefit of the papers and dis-
cussions and has the satisfaction of seeing
his name printed in the annual report in the
membership list. What with that and his
premium, and the valuable report, he comes
out away ahead of his annual investment in
dollars and cents.

Conducted on these lines it need not, there-
fore, he a matter of surprise that the Lnta-

rio Bee-Keepers^ Association is a flourishing
and useful organization ; and that the sub-
ordinate societies in affiliation therewith are
of the same character. I would advise our
American friends to go and do likewise. The
first thing to do is to get the " sinews of
war" from ''the powers that be." Get
some of your own money back, for it is your
own money. Apiculture is an important
branch of agriculture and agriculture pays
the largest tribute of taxes to government —
yes, indeed, and to monopolies and com-
bines which have no legitimate claims upon
it for special tribute. But you say " we can-
not get the money from our legislatures — we
cannot get the necessary grants." Yes you
can if you go about it the right way. It is
true that bee-keepers have not the "pull"
on the powers that less worthy men and
classes have ; but they have votes and in-
fluence and they may get a legitimate "pull"
on their legislators if they only pull together
and pull right. I have an idea that the bee-
keepers of Ontario could get anything in
reason from the Ontario government which
they unitedly asked for. I have an idea, too,
that the bee-keepers of Michigan, Illinois,
Ohio, New York and other States, under the
guidance and leadership of such men as
Hutchinson, Heddon, Secor, Miller, Mason,
Root, York and many others, could get a
good annual grant of money from their re-
spective State legislatures to sustain State
organizations of bee-keepers. Get the State
society legally incorporated and then, with
an annual grant, it will be in a position to
foster the county or subordinate societies,
and will be bound to flourish. The bee-
keepers have the riglit to ask and demand
that much from the State. If the legisla-
tures will not perform this obvious duty
without special pressure then apply the pres-
sure. This may be done in various ways.
Ill addition to the general advocacy of the
matter at thy critical junction by the bee
journals, which ought at the time to be sent
to the legislators, I would suggest the follow-
ing course which would probably be more
effective than anything else which could be
done in securing legislation and grants :
In every constituency or electoral riding in
the State there would doubtless be more or
less bee-keepers. Let the State society get
the n 'mes of the best and most prominent
of these in t very constituency and have them
write simultaneously to their respective
members during the session when the legis-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

]<M>

lation is being sought, (let as many bee-
keepers in every riding us possible to write
to tlieir member urging him to support the
bee-keepers' bill. In this way every repre-
sentative would be reached right from home
— from his own constituents ; and a general
attack of that sort all along the line would
have its effect. Even one judicious letter
from a constituent would have weight with
the member and the more the better to every
member. This, as I know by experience,
works like magic. Try it, but do not rest
with merely advising all and sundry persons
through the bee journals to write tlieir mem-
bers. If youdo, it will H"^;^ecione. Only a few
will write. Having their names they can be
prompted and urged personally, by letter or
otherwise, at small expense. Supply them
with suggestions, forms and postage — i. e.
those who need such looking after. It will
pay. It is investing one dollar to get back
fifty. Of course this pre-supposes that
there a few, more or less, in every State who
will push the work and who are the men to
do it. That much giveu, it certainly can be
done.

I need not go into the details of various
other legitimate methods of working legis-
lators in order to get legitimate rights, and
of working them, indeed, before they be-
come legislators when they are seeking votes
at the polls. I suggest nothing crooked —
nothing sinister, — leave that to those with
crooked objects and sinister purposes in
view. Yours is a good object- one perfectly
legitimate. You have, therefore, the moral
right to press your representative, and
pledge him, and even threaten him if neces-
sary.

On this one matter of getting a regular
government grant your success in organiza-
tion depends more, vastly, than on anything
else, because there is, I have no doubt, the
apicultural material in every State to make
a good and useful society.

As to the scopes and variety of the work a
good and strong State society ought to en-
gage in, there is not space to enter into that
here. First get the society and then the
work will loom up in plenty.

In union there is strength and if I may
give an opinion in the premises I may say I
quite agree with the editor of the Review
that a union of the North American and
the Bee-Keepers'' Union would be a wise
move and to the advantage of both.

Selby, Ont. June l.'S, 1895.

A Union of the North American and the

Bee-Keepera' Union will be Opposed by

the Manager of the Latter.

THOMAS G. NEWMAN.

T HAVE carefully read the editorial in the
1 last Review on the above subject, and
while I fully agree with it as to the object to
be attained, viz: Organization, I do not
indorse some of the methods suggested or
hinted at, to obtain it.

It is well known that " Organization " was
my pet theme for years, and what organiza-
tion the National Society did have was
through my efforts in that direction. I have
spent both time and money in trying to get
up an efficient organization — one that would
be a power for good, and at the same time
make it a permanent institution.

But as soon as the National Society was
incorporated, a " howl " went up from some
selfish, narrow minded bigots, who fought it
inch by inch, and apparently at least, ac-
complished its dissolution — for at the last
meeting at St. Soseph, they ignored the past,
cut down the constitution and threw out the
by-laws, all for what ? Heaven may know,
but I don't. As the report of that conven-
tion has never been published, we may never
know the "whys" and "wherefores" of
their action. Let us look at the history of
the matter a little before entering into the
discussion of the itiodus operandi proposed.
At the li)th annual convention held at Col-
umbus, O., Oct. .3, 1888, a new constitution
and by-laws were adopted by unanimous
vote. These documents were prepared by
me very carefully,, and presented at the
convention of the previous year. They were
referred to a committee and that committee
referred them back to the convention with-
out recommendation. Coming before that
whole body, they were unanimously en-
dorsed and then and there adopted.

Article X. of that constitution reads as fol-
lows ; " A Defense Committee of seven
shall be appointed for the purpose of con-
sidering the applications of members for
defense from unjust lawsuits by those who
are prejudiced against the pursuit. This
committee shall be the officers annually
elected by the National Bee-Keepers' Union,
which is hereby declared to be affiliated to
the International American Bee Association.
Its President is hereby made a Vice Presi-
dent of the Association, and its General

200

TBE BEi<:-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Manager also a Delegate to the Internation-
al Convention."

Could anything be plainer? The Union
was officially declared to be affiliated to the
National Society, and its President and Gen-
eral Manager declared to be officers of the
Association.

In St, Joseph last fall, this was (if I am
correctly informed) all thrown out ; indeed
the whole by-laws were repealed, and the
Union "divorced."

Now, in less than a year, up comes the
present proposition to re-marry the two
again. The National Association is to mar-
ry the Union, as a blushing bride, probably
because of her dowery. What child's play
and foolishness !

The Union is prosperous and successful,
and needs no "affiliation." The National
Society is the impecunious party, and must
do all the " sparking," if a re-marriage is
effected !

As General Manager of the Union I must
say, seriously, that no amalgamation can be
made unless so determined by a full and
free vote of all its members, upon proper
presentation of the aims and objects thereof.

I do not believe that the members of the
Union will ever consent to have the funds
raised for defense, diverted to other chan-
nels, and used for delegates "to see the
boys and have a good time." I know that
my consent will never be given for such a
thing.

Chicago, 111. June 24, 1895.

^-^^>Prs^l

Artificial Increase of Colonies.

L. A. ASPINWAIiL.

JN view of the in-
herent tendency
of bees to propa-
gate themselves by
swarming, any
method of arti-
ficial increase will
be unfavorably re-
ceived by the ma-
jority of bee-keep-
ers ; unless, it fol-
lows the advent of
a perfect non-
swarming hive.

However, there are many, who, for various

reasons prefer it.

In considering a method, it is of supreme
importance that we conform as nearly as
possible to the natural means of increase in
order to obtain the best results. This being
understood, let us note that natural swarm-
ing takes place during a period when the
flowers yield honey. Of course there are ex-
ceptional instances. Also, the hives are
usually overflowing with bees. If an ex-
amination of the colony be made after
swarming we will find comparatively few
bees left in the hive ; but, an inspection of
the combs will reveal a large proportion of
sealed brood — thousands upon thousands of
maturing bees to repair the loss occasioned
by swarming. Upon further investigation
we will find the new swarm composed of
young, middle aged and old bees —bees of
all ages adapted to fill the requirements of a
new colony — honey gatherers, wax workers,
and nurse bees. The few which remain in
the parent hive are likewise of various ages,
with nurse bees in sufficient numbers to care
for the unsealed brood.

In order to produce a vigorous working
colony by an artificial process, the first es-
sential is to have it composed of bees of
various ages. 2nd. That it be made during
a honey flow, or period of natural increase.
2rd. That it be separated from the combs
of the parent colony.

In absence of the swarming impulse, un-
der which the bees of natural swarms mark
and adhere to a new location, it becomes
necessary to reverse the order, by removing
the comb structure of the hive, and allow-
ing the forced swarm to occupy the familiar
hive and location.

At this juncture excellent judgment is re-
quired. The honey yield must be consid-
ered, and the condition of the colony or col-
onies from which increase is to be made
must be ascertained, both as to the amount
of brood, (whether sealed or otherwise), and
the general strength in regard to numbers.

An exchange of sealed for unsealed brood
combs of two colonies, making six sealed
combs for the parent colony, will work to
great advantage in approximating those un-
der natural circumstances ; while the one
containing unsealed combs will be ready for
a similar method of increase a week or ten
days later. However, the colony which re-
ceives unsealed brood in lieu of the sealed,
is proportionally retarded in its increase,
and it fully affects any advantage gained by

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

201

exchange. I consider any or all exchange
unproti table.

As a compensation for the lack of natural-
ness in having a sufficient proportion of
sealed brood, I allow a large quota of bees
to remain as nurses. This of course must
necessarially detract from the size of the
forced swarm. Recognizing a lack of uni-
formity in the issuing of natural swarms, I
prefer to wait, and select only those having
plenty of sealed brood. There ought not to
be less than four combs fully sealed. After
a colony is selected for increase, place an
empty hive near to receive the combs of
brood and honey ; also, have in readiness
frames containing full sheets of foundation.
Starters will answer ; but to avoid the con-
struction of drone comb, as well as encour-
age the new colony, I prefer to furnish full
sheets. Proceed with a smoker, giving them
a little at the entrance , then open and re-
move the combs, examining and transfer-
ring them to the new hive until the queen is
found. If found upon a comb containing
empty cells and unsealed brood (which is
most likely), return both comb and queen to
the old hive. If upon a comb of sealed
brood, transfer her to one with open cells.
The remaining combs (if any), should be
immediately removed, substituting the
frames containing foundation, and closing
the hive. We now lift comb after comb
from the new hive with the exception of
two ; and shake the bees in front of the old
hive. In the instance of three or four un-
sealed combs, the adhering bees should be
left upon three of them. When shaking the
eombs, one or two short, sudden, downward
movements are sufficient. The combs, and
bees which remain clinging to them, should
be returned to the new hive.

After closing the hive it should be carried
to a new location, the entrance contracted
according to the temperature, and at the end
of twenty-four hours supplied with a queen
cell ; or, after their construction and re-
moval, a queen may be introduced. As
queens are naturally produced in strong col-
onies, it would be unwise, as well as a waste
of time to allow them to rear one.

By this plan an artifiicially formed col-
ony may be made in four or five minutes,
aside from finding the queen, which an ex-
pert can generally do in an equal space of
time.

If extremely rapid work is desirable, no
search for the queen need be made : simply

shake the bees from the combs and trans-
fer the latter to a new hive. As the queen
with her burden of eggs is liable to injury in
being jarred from the combs, cheese-cloth
spread loosely in front of the hive, together
with holding the frames low, and shaking
them lightly will do much to lessen the fall.
However, I prefer to occupy more time than
chance any injury to the queen.

By this method of increase, the colony
formed, so closely approximates a natural
swarm, that no perceptible difference can be
seen in their prosperity.

This plan may be modified by making one
colony from two or more, in which instance
the order becomes reversed ; the new col-
onies are less real, while the increase of those
in old comb becomes apparent. The for-
mer gives all the force possible to a single
colony, and is in accordance with natural in-
crease. The latter corresponding with the
parent colony, is also in accordance with
nature.

With this modification by which a moder-
ate increase is obtained, there is less necessi-
ty for shaking the bees from the combs, as
a sufficient force will be left in each colony
to draw out the foundation. Care, however,
should be exercised not to remove the queen
with the combs. This plan is exceptionally
practical when the honey yield is light.

.Jackson, Mich.

June 22, 189.'>.

The Social Feature of the North Ameriran

has Become its Greatest Attraction.

Amalgamation of the Union and the

North American Besirable.

E. m'kNIGHT.

ONE short sentence in your able introduc-
tory article, on the special topic for this
month, published in the June number of the
Review, summarizes the character and work
of the North American Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation, (as now constituted), so fully that lit-
tle is left to be said of its work past and
present.

" The object of the North American is to
meet socially and discuss apiarian topics for
mutual improvement." So says the editor,
and in saying so, he says about all that can
be said of its usefulness thus far. To meet.

202

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViJi,W.

socially, the leading bee-keepers of Amer-
ica was the principal motive that prompted
me to attend the meetings in the past, and I
apprehend the same may be said of most of
the others who have attended at its annual
conventions.

The "discussion of apiarian topics " as
carried on at its meetings, is not a powerful
inducement to anyone to travel hundreds of
miles, and spend considerable time and
money to enjoy, or take part in. There are
numbers of State, provincial and local asso-
ciations on this continent at whose meetings
these topics are as fully and intelligently
discussed as they are at the meetings of the
North American. Nor are its social advan-
tages what they ought to be. The personal
intercourse of kindred spirits so much en-
joyed by most of us, must of necessity be
restricted to a very limited number of those
who would like to enjoy it.

How to re-model it so as to make it a
power for good to bee-keepers generally,
and insure the attendance of a respectable
number of the leading bee-keepers of the
continent at its annual gatherings is indeed
a perplexing question and yet it ought not
to be beyond the range of what is possible.
The territorial extent embraced within the
limits of its assumed jurisdiction, is I think
the main difficulty in making it what we
would all be delighted to see it, that is a
central organization, at once aggressive,
defensive, instructive and social — in the
management of which, the best business tal-
ent in the brotherhood of bee-keepers might
be employed. When asked how this may be
accomplished I am forced to adopt Dr.
Miller's confession and admit "I don't
know." Probably your suggestion if car-
ried into effect would solve the difficulty.
Amalgamate the North American and the
Union, merge the functions of both organ-
izations in one, secure an energetic business
man to manage the society's work, have him
devote his whole time to build up and ex-
tend its influence and let him be adequately
remunerated for his services. Until this or
something like this be done there is little
hope that either association will effect the
work that is possible to be effected in the
interest of bee-keeping. If the utility of
such a scheme be decided upon the details
for its management could be afterwards
marked out. The necessary revenue to carry
on such an association would be available
out of the annual membership fee if the

present membership of the two societies
were maintained. The subject is a large
one, but I shall not pursue it further at
present.
Owen Sound, Canada. June 19, 1895.

Notes From Foreign Journals.

F. L. THOMPSON.

T JApiooltobe. — Old combs are preferred
S to new by the bees both for brood and
storage, says Dr. Meteli.

An early spring inspection is considered
by him a waste of time, as a rule, and the
brood nests are in this way needlessly chill-
ed. If the colonies were rightly wintered,
and had plenty of honey, their flight on
warm days, and the carrying in of pollen,
will give sufficient information of the popu-
lation of each, and the character of their
buzzing while the bottom boards of each are
being cleaned will indicate whether they are
queenless or not. If a doubt exists, the
buzzing of neighboring colonies may be
compared with the one in question by tap-
ping on the hives. Later, he opens the hives
to add empty combs to the sides of the brood
nest, but does not spread the brood. During
the summer the only reason for inspecting a
brood nest is a diminished population. He
believes in hives large enough to contain all
winter and spring stores, thus removing one
motive for fussing with the brood chamber.
The only general "manipulation" he con-
siders necessary is the review of the colonies
in August to see that they are well provided
with brood and honey for winter.

No honey quotations are given in UApi
coltore, but in January, 189.5, a correspon-
dent values his honey crop at eight cents a
pound.

Dr. Dubini prefers wax sheets to melted
wax in the Guazzoni press, using it like a
Given press. To get thin and uniform sheets
he uses a glass bottle filled with ice water,
instead of a dipping board. The sheets are
immediately removed and put in the press
while soft.

The first spring inspection should be made
on a sunny day which has been preceeded by
several warm days, to avoid losing queens,
says Bertrand's Conduite du Rucher.

Speaking of the fact that Americans never
mention the use of flour in uniting. Dr.
Dubini also refers to its employment in in-
troducing queens, but does not say how.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

2u3

U Apiculteur veieTR to the operation of shak-
ing the whole colony in front of the hive,
then sprinkling bees and queens with flour.
Very likely the shaking without the flour
would do as well in the majority of cases.

Editor von Ranschenfels manages his bees
without smoke, and has never had a smoker
in his possession.

According to the observations of Schach-
inger, a Hungarian priest, when 20,000 bees
gather in one day 8.83 oz. of honey, 30,000
bees gather three times, 40,000 eight times,
and .">0,000 twelve times as much. The data
of these observations are not given.

La Revue Internationale.— From Hain-
ant's Progies Apicole is taken the follow-
ing : To test wax for adulteration, heat to
boiling one gramme with ten grammes of
water and three grammes of carbonate of
soda ; let it cool, and if pure, the wax will
float and the water remain uncolored ; if
adulterated, an emulsion more or less liquid
is formed. Five per cent, adulteration can
be detected in this way.

Two correspondents who tried the formic
acid cure for foul brood last year have found
their bees healthy this spring. All but two
colonies of another are now healthy. With
another, who had three diseased colonies,
the treatment was an entire failure. Two
others applied the treatment without deci-
sive results as yet.

BiENEN - Vateb. — Extracted honey was
quoted at ten to twelve cents a pound at Vi-
enna during the spring months.

I. Anzboeck contributes the following
table : Weekly consumption of honey of a
colony from Dec. 30, 1894. to April 20, 1895,
with average temperatures at same time.

Week ending

Decrease iu
weight.

Average tem-
perature.

January 5

5.3 oz.

38.75

12

5.3

41

19

5 3

34 ,

26

5 3

33

Februa'y 2

5 3

43 5

9.. ..

7 06

45.7

16. ...

7.06

43 5

23

5.3

48.4

March 2

S-8

55 4

9

5.3

37 4

" 16

5 3

35.15

" 23

7.06

38.5

" 30

5.3

45

April 6..

8.8

41 7

" IS

14 3

47

" 20

15 9

46.4

Very little brood was reared before the 1st
of April. The bees had no flight from the
middle of November until the middle of
March. Hence this case would seem to show
that when not very cold, a rise in tempera-

ture means a greater consumption of honey,
even when the bees do not fly, but that some
little time passes before that effect is pro-
duced.

Leipzigeu Bienenzeituno. — From Le
Progre's Apicole is taken the item that most
stings may be prevented without smoke by
using a smoker containing a piece of a
sponge wet with an apifuge composed of
pulverized Spanish flies dissolved in carbol-
ic acid, of which a weak solution is made
with water. If there is a bare possibility
that some kind of vapor would prove as
practical as smoke, it might be well to ex-
periment in that line, for the sake of doing
away with some of the annoyances connect-
ed with the use of fire.

In a French agricultural journal Carl
Krueger finds the statement that the bee is
the enemy of the insect which does much
damage by laying its eggs in the buds of
apple bloom. When the flower opens, the
bee is attracted by the nectar, so that the
flower is fertilized. As soon as fertilization
takes place, the secretion of nectar at once
ceases and the petals fall, on which the larviB
of the insect referred to depend for nourish-
ment and shelter. Hence their development
is impossible.

According to the same journal, the head
gardner of the Botanical Gardens at Dijon
is authority for the statement that in one
parish thirty fruit trees had for twenty years
borne no fruit, in spite of every possible at-
tention by their owner. But when some col-
onies of bees were set near by, their barren-
ness disappeared as if by magic.

Herr Baist gets his extracting combs
cleaned of thick honey by carrying a strong
colony, well able to defend itself against
robbers, some distance from the others to a
shady enclosed place where there are no
closed windows, such as an empty stable,
and setting the combs to be cleaned iu an
empty hive close by, which is closed all but
the entrance. The bees are shown the way
by feeding a little over night, and in the
morning setting the feeder with the bees on
it in the feed-hive ; or by presenting one of
the extracting cumbs to the flight-hole, al-
lowing a few bees to crawl on it, then re-
placing. When one set is cleaned, they are
given another to work on. Empty combs or
frames of foundation are given the colony
to store the honey in, which is afterwards
distributed to weaker colonies which are
short of stores.

204

THE BEE-KEEPERS' li^ / .

A. von Rauechenfels denies that two stories
of shallow frames offer no obstacle to breed-
ing, as compared with one story of deep
frames. " In April," he says " when the
colony has already set one foot on the bot-
tom board, i. e. all frames on which they
have wintered are closely covered and the
point of the cluster touches the bottom, it
may be ; in March it is not so." (Probably
April and March in upper Italy correspond
with May and April here, or if not quite
that, there is at least two weeks' difference. )
" In March the days are frequently cold and
the nights always so, and the queen does not
leave the frames of the upper story, not un-
til April, when the air is warm, does she ex-
tend her laying to the lower frames. * *
The queen goes from one comb to the other,
but always in the upper story, and can lay
comparatively few eggs, because there is
still much honey in the combs, while the
frames of the lower story are comparatively
empty. When on the contrary there are four
or five, or even only three, deep frames in
the hive, the bees extend themselves below,
and one gets in that way, with a less number
of frames, a much greater amount of brood,
which also develops better, because it is en-
closed in a more limited and therefore
warmer space." It will be interesting to
compare with this, however, a paragraph in
Mr. Aspinwall's article, on page 120.

L'Apioulteub. — Ordinary light honey
(doubtless extracted) has been quoted at
Paris for the last few months at !}{ cents a
pound. (It seems probable that the 13 1-5
cents, given as the average price by M.
Madeline, refers to the retail trade.) Chili
honey at Harve now (May) averages 1}4
cents. Last December it was quoted at
from 5^2 to G^ cents, while Mexican and
West Indian was 3 to 3)^, and San Francisco
honey 1%. According to M. Madeline, the
quotations at Hamburg at the time he made
his report were 2 l-.'i to 2 2-.') cents for Mexi-
ican and West Indian, and 2 3-.') for very
choice Chili honey.

At the meeting of the Federation of French
apicultural societies, M. Beure reported that
twenty colonies wintered in a dark apart-
ment had consumed an average of 4 lbs. 4. J)
oz. per colony, from Nov. Ist to March l.'ith,
and twenty colonies of the same strength,
(both sets being the result of uniting the
previous fall) had consumed an average of
8 lbs. 6.2 oz., making a difference in favor of
the former of 4 lbs. 1.3 oz. per colony. This

was winter before last. Last winter twelve
colonies wintered in a shed, and twelve
which had remained in the apiary, were
weighed on the 2Sth of October and the 29th
of February. The former consumed an
average of (> lbs. G.4 oz., the latter 10 lbs. 5.G
oz., a difference in favor of the former of 3
lbs. 1.'>.2 oz. per colony.

Abbe Pincot is inclined to think that
swarming may be prevented even after there
are sealed queen cells. In 1894, being pre-
vented by illness from putting supers on,
some of his colonies swarmed. On examin-
ing the rest, these were found with numer-
ous sealed queen cells. Over each he put an
upper story, into which were raised three
frames of brood, so as to be above the brood
below, and the remaining space filled out on
both sides with full sheets of foundation
above and drawn combs below. They did
not swarm. He had a like experience in
1883.

M. Vivien- Joly, in October and March,
weighed ten ordinary straw hives and ten
straw hives with a % inch wooden lining, all
of the same strength. The latter averaged
three pounds of honey more than the for-
mer, at the second weighing.

Abvada, Colo. May 28, 189.5.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Tebms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
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stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN. JULY 10. 1895.

Eight Extba Pages again this month " as
usual."

The Season in Canada has been very poor
so far. Frosts in the spring and drouth af-
terwards are the causes.

Mb. Chas. E. Parks, secretary and treas-
urer of the G. B. Lewis Co., died July 1st
Mr. Parks was a bright, genial business man
whom it was a pleasure to know. The busi-
ness of the firm will go on as heretofore.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

205

Swarming is usually prevented by placing
under the hive a shallow box tilled with
frames having foundation half-depth in the
frames, so writes W. McNally to the British
Bee Journal. This is really the Simmins
plan which has not proven to be a success in
this country.

Rearing Queens by " good old methods "
is what the Roots have gone back to doing,
having discarded artificial queen cups, and
the securing of cells built in a story separa-
ted by perforated zinc, and the like. The
expense and uncertainty of these plans are
the objections. Like myself, they have
found nothing better for securing queen
cells than a good strong colony of queenless
bees.

Section Holders vs. T Supers is the
heading of considerable discussion in some
of the journals. Dr. Miller defends the lat-
ter while the editors uphold the excellencies
of the former. I have never used either but
am prejudiced (I wonder if that is exactly
the right word) in favor of the T super. The
section holder always seemed to me a very
weak, unfinished, incomplete, unhandy af-
fair, but actual use in the right way might
remove the prejudice.

NoMS DE Plume, and the propriety of
writing under them are being discussed.
What is said is much more important than
the 7iame used. Personally, however, I do
not like them in such literature as our bee
journals, where sharp personal discussion is
likely to arise. Protected by a noni de
plume, one will be less guarded in utterance.
Writing under a no7n de plume is too much
like talking about a person who is absent.
Things are said that would not be said if he
were present. There is also an added pleas-
ure in knowing who is doing the talking.

Apifuge is an English preparation to rub
on the hands and face to prevent the bees
from stinging. It meets with no favor in
this country ; perhaps because we don't care
enough about it to try it. I presume it
works upon the same principle as rubbing
the hands on a hog's back, that some of the
journals are talking about. Most bee-keep-
ers would prefer being stung occasionally to
going around with their hands smelling of
the hog-pen. Who could have conceived
such a repulsive idea 1

The Honey Crop of Michigan will be very
light this year. So far I have not learned
of any one who is getting any honey. If
there is a subscriber to the Review in Mich-
igan who is getting any comb honey this
year, will he have the kindness to drop me a
card and let me know it ?

••»»-*ii^iL»'fc»fc»

While it would be a pleasure to write
personal letters of thanks to the editors who
have so kindly noticed those articles of
mine in the Cosmopolitan, and to the friends
who have sent me congratulatory letters,
lack of time and strength compels me to ex-
press my thanks in this wholesale way, but
they are none the less sincere.

«^«.ir^rf^«'»«'^jr».

*' The Mutual Admiration Society " af-
fair still receives attention in some of the
journals. I don't believe it worth while
talking about it any more, as the men who
have condemned it the most severely have
said some of the kindest, most congratula-
tory things that have ever been said. I don't
think they were said with intent to flatter,
any more than I believe that all of the kind
things that creep into the journals are flat-
teries. The worst that can be said is that
perhaps some of us have been indulging in
the common fault of seeing the virtues of
our friends and the faults of our enemies.

«^jr«^«jr«*^>i^

Sections, from being kept in a dry place
become so brittle that many of them break
in folding. The best remedy is to put them
in a damp cellar a few days before folding
them. If there is not time for this the usual
practice is to wet the grooves. S. E. Miller,
in the Progressive condemns this plan as it
causes the sides of the grooves to swell thus
increasing the strain on the part that bends.
He recommends the laying of a dozen or
more sections on a table, the grooves being
turned down, then with clear water and a
small brush wet them just back of the
grooves. The sections can then be piled up
and another lot laid down and wet. My
remedy would be to use four-piece sections.

WU«^^*^^'>t»

" Eight Frames are not enough for some
queens," and similar expressions are still
found in the pages of some of the bee jour-
nals. I cannot help wondering how long this
fallacy will last. For what are we keeping
bees ? Is it simply to allow queen bees to
show what they can do in the egg-laying

20C

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

line ? To hear some talk oue would think
that "cramping a queen for lack of room,"
was oue of the most disastrous things possi-
ble for a bee-keeper to do. Suppose a queen
could fill eleven combs with eggs and is al-
lowed only eight, what of it ? We are keep-
ing bees for the honey they gather. The
more bees we have at the proper time the
more honey will we get. The more com-
pletely our combs are filled with eggs at the
proper time, the greater will be the number
of bees on the stage of action at the proper
time. This condition is secured by increas-
ing the number of queens in proportion to the
number of combs.

Spking Protection for bees has proved of
little or no benefit now for two seasons at
the Michigan Experimental Apiary, but both
of these springs have not been warm in the
early part followed by a prolonged spell of
cool or freezing weather, as is frequently the
case. It is in such cases as this that i)rotec-
tion shows to the best advantage. I think
that Mr. Taylor is correct when he says that
the benefit of the spring sunshine cannot be
ignored ; that it is important. If the pack-
ing is not too thick, and the boxes are paint-
ed a dark color, so as to attract and absorb
the heat, there will be no loss from the pack-
ing, while there will be an advantage in cool
nights. This packing will absorb the heat
during the day and give it out during the
night. If the packing is so thick that the
heat never reaches the bees, is is plain that
it might be a detriment. Next year, Bro.
Taylor, have packings of different thick-
nessess.

»^U»>t»U»^»^^

The North American Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold its annual convention in the
Auditorium of the Normal School at Toron-
to, Ontario, Canada, on the 4th, .5th and (Uh
of September, the first session being on the
evening of the 4th. There will certainly be
reduced rates all over Canada and Michigan,
and the Trunk lines of the United States
have granted reduced rates, while the Cen-
tral Trafic Association has the matter under
consideration, and will probably give re-
duced rates. The otlicers are at work upon
a program, and everything now points to a
successful meeting. Canada's great Indus-
trial Fair will be in full blast, and those in
attendance can take in this and see how our
brethren over the line get uj) their honey
shows. According to report, they are well
worth going to see. I know that I am look-

ing forward with considerable interest to
this part of the program. Those who have
not seen America's greatest wonder, Niagara
Falls, can easily arrange to do so while on
this trip.

THE AMALGAMATION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN
AND THE bee-keepers' UNION.

I should have been glad if my correspon-
dents had discussed this subject more fully
and freely. To be sure, some of them ex-
pressed their preference for such a union of
forces, Vjut no reasons were given. Perhaps
they thought the ones given editorially last
month were sufficient. Mr. Heddon and
Mr. Newman oppose the plan. Mr. Heddon
does not say in so many words that he is
opposed to it, tiut it is very plain to be seen
that he thinks it desirable to have the Union
hold strictly to its original work. He thinks
that the change in its constitution allowing
it to use its money in prosecuting adultera-
tors of honey was a foolish move. We don't
know yet whether it was or not, as there has
been no occasion for using money for this
purpose. The change has certainly done no
harm, and it has done some good ; it pre-
vented the dividing of our numbers, money
and energies in the formation of another
Union or Society for the sole purpose of
fiijhting adulteration.

Mr. Newman is opposed to the union of
the two societies, and criticises the North
American because of the frequent changes
that it has made of late in its constitution.
A body, like the North American Bee- Keep-
ers' Association, that has its meetings simply
for the sake of a social time and to discuss
subjects for mutual improvement, does not
need a lengthy or complicated constitution.
With a most laudable desire to improve the
North American, to extend its usefulness
and thus benefit the cause of apiculture, Bro.
Newman spent a great deal of time in 1.S87
drafting a new constitution and by-laws.
This matter of a change was referred to a
committee. This committee did not ap-
prove of the changes, but its members knew
that Mr. Newman had given the matter a
great deal more thought than they had ;
they also reasoned that such sweeping
changes ought not to be decided upon hasti-
ly, hence it was recommended that the mat-
ter be laid over for one year, and this would
give ample time in which to discuss the
matter in the journals, and to allow bee-
keepers to give some thought to the subject.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

207

But no discussion followed in the journals,
and if bee-keepers had any thoughts on the
subject they kept them to themselves when
the matter was brought up the next year at
Columt)Us, Ohio, as no discussion whatever
preceded the vote whereby the new constitu-
tion and by-laws were adopted I believe
that Mr. Newman himself was disappointed
that no discussion preceded the adoption.
Too many seem to have the habit of voting
for everything that is proposed, giving the
subject little or no thought.

The only change in the constitution that
bore fruit was that of affiliation — State and
other local societies paid Ar).00 per year and
were then affiliated with the North Ameri-
can. But very few societies remained in af-
filiation more than two years, and this fea-
ture soon became a dead letter. The clause
making the officers of the Union a defense
committee of the North American did not
influence the actions of either society. It
was a sort of expression of good fellowship,
or sympathy, or an endorsement of the
Union by the North Amerii^an, but the Union
went on conducting its affairs as it saw fit,
and the North American did the same.
There was nothing even approaching the
" married " relation to which Mr. Newman
so figuratively alludes.

The constitution and by laws were cut
down and revised at St. .Joseph because
time, that sure tester of all things, had
shown that the constitution and by-laws
adopted at Columbus were not adapted to
the condition of things in this country.
Change of constitution, affiliation, incorpo-
ration, and kindred changes will not benefit
the North American unless made in confor-
mity with existing conditions, and the
brightest of us cannot always tell when they
are so made— only time and experience can
demonstrate that.

It may not be best that the North Ameri-
can and the Union should join forces, but
that one society has more money than the
other seems a strange argument to advance
in opposition of such a course. To have
money in the treasury is well ; to have spent
it in a good cause might have been better.
I do not mean to insinuate that the Union
has neglected to spend money when it could
be wisely spent, but neither the Union nor
the North American has for its object the ac-
cumulation of money. It is not a question
of how much money each society has in its
treasury, nor which has changed its consti-

tution the more times, but whether, all
things considered, it is adinsahle that the
two societies shall join forces ?

The Union was organized for a specific
purpose, and has done its work well, but a
close observer must have noticed that the
amount of work that it does lessens as the
years go by. At firs*- there was more work
than money with which to carry it on, while
its manager worked for nothing ; now he has
a salary (and most richly does he deserve it),
yet money is accumulating in the treasury.
Some excellent and righteous decisions have
been secured, and these have a most quiet-
ing effect when shoved under the nose of
some would-be persecutor. For this reason
the number of expensive law suits have de-
creased. This is a condition that would
naturally be expected, and is desirable.
Now the question arises, would it not be bet-
ter that some of this money should be ^lsed
for the good of bee-keeping, rather than that
it should go on accumulating year after
year ? (Perhaps a lowering of the fees
would be a better plan.) Of course, those
who contributed to the making up of this
sum are the ones to say what shall be done
with it. By the way, Bro. Newman says this
sum was raised for the purpose of defense.
This is true, but it is also true that it can be
used to prosecute adulterators of honey, to
secure legislation, in short, for any purpose
thought advisable by the advisory board.

As I understand the matter, the North
American was organized to advance the
cause of bee culture by bringing together
the leaders in the profession with a view to
an exchange of ideasi As has been often
mentioned, the journals have greatly les-
sened the value of the Association in this
direction. This condition, coupled with
poor honey seasons, have made some of the
late conventions rather poorly attended.
We, as bee-keepers, ought to recognize these
changed conditions as regards both of these
organizations. Many bee keepers now be-
long to one Society who cannot afford to be-
long to both, or think that they cannot. In
a union of forces tiiere would be a saving of
expense, an increase in numbers, and the
benefit of an annual face to face discussion
of the problems belonging to the Bee-Keep-
ers' Union as now carried on.

Suppose that the North American should
disband, and all of its members with what
little money they do possess, and their in-
fluence, should join the Union, and the lat-

208

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ter should then change its constitution so
that it would hold annual meetings at which
all questions pertaining to bee culture conld
be discussed. We would then have the con-
dition of things at which I am aiming. This
may not be the best way to bring it about,
and the suggestion is made more as an illus
tration than anything else.

Personally, I have no interest in this mat-
ter ; that is, I have no selfish, personal ends
in view. It seemed to me that the proposed
union would be advantageous to the members
of both organizations, and I have brought it
up for discussion. It is quite likely that the
question will be brought up at the coming
meeting of the North American, and it would
be well that it be most thoroughly discussed
in the journals before that meeting takes
place. The Review will be glad to receive
communications on the subject— especially
would it like to hear from members of the
Union.

Keeping Bees in Large Box Hives as
Breeders.

The idea has been advanced that ewarms
might be hived in shallow boxes and worked
for comb honey — worked in such a manner
as to get the greatest possible quantity of
surplus, regardless of the condition in which
the colonies might be left. If they were not
fit for wintering, why, kill them and appro-
priate their little store of honey and wax.
Now comes Mr. Jno. F. Gates in the Am.
Bee-Keeper advising us to have an acre or
two of great, big, tall box hives as breeders.
Well, here is what he says : —

" Now suppose you had an acre, or say
even 200 tall hives of bees, 2H inches high,
just for breeders. They would live sure, with
all that white honey in them, that is the
point they would live, and out doors too.
You would bore two holes, about inch holes,
in or on top the hives and put a loose box
over them. This must be done sure, leave
the entrance open as in summer. Mine
don't rob, they are all so powerful. I say if
you had them you would not need to look at
them during the whole year, only to catch
their swarms and juit them in small hives,
say seven or eight inches high, and worked
for comb honey for all there is in them un-
til fall, and then take them up, or have an
auction and sell them, or do what you please
with them, I say yon would not call me
cranky when you saw your thousjinds of
pounds of, — oti such wJiile honey, for you
put the swarms from your l)reeders into

empty hives to work them each year, and
how can your honey be travel stained ? It
can't, it is beauty itself. Managed in this
way the thing goes right on each year, same
as your dairy, and with not much more loss
of colonies than cows. Now please don't
commence to worry, for when we all get at
it in this way, there will be 100 colonies
where only one is now. Every farmer will
have as big a patch of bees as he now has
' taters.'"

Introdacing Queens.

Introducing queens in such a way as to
leave the colony queenless several days is
usually wholly unnecessary and not advisa-
ble. Unless a colony is kept queenless long
enough to build and seal over cells, the
chances of the queen's acceptance decreases
as the time of queenlessness lengthens. The
sooner the new queen can be released after
the old one is removed the better. Here
is something on this subject from the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. It was written by E. T.
Abbott.

" I put the new queen in the cage on the
colony to which she is to be introduced and
leave her there for two or three days, paying
no attention to the old queen. At the end of
that time I huntouttheold queen, pinch her
head off, turn back the wire so the bees can
get at the candy and release the new queen,
and then close up the hive as quickly as pos-
sible, and let it alone for two or three hours.
Presto ! the old queen is out, the new one is
in, and very little time has been lost. After
I think sufficient time has elapsed for the
bees to release the queen and get quiet, wise
or otherwise, I invariably examine the col-
ony and see that everything is all right. Tn
years of experience of this kind I have never
had a colony ' ball ' a queen because the hive
was opened. If 1 find on examination that
they are disposed to mistreat her majesty, I
put her back into the cage, close the en-
trance with a chunk of honey, give the bees
a good smoking, and let them eat h'-r out
again, which gent^rally ends all trouble."

I agree with Bro. Abbott in all the above
except as to the desirability of an early ex-
amination after the queen has been released.
I think that the disposition to mistreat her
majesty frequently results from opening the
hive l>efore she is really settled down and at
home. She is easily frightened and runs,
perhaps " squeals," in her fright, and this is
a signal for a ball of excited bees to gather
about her — in short, to "ball" her. Had
the hive been left undisturbed until she was
fairly installed as its mistress, such pro-
ceedings would never have been commenced.
In my earlier bee-keeping days I had con-
siderable trouble in this line until I learned
better.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

209

Experimentor Taylor is Asked to Do More

Talking.

I have ofteu thought that Mr. Taylor
might do more talking or theorizing, or
state more fully the coiiclusious that might
be drawu from the experiments that he
makes, but I never thought of going quite
so far as the editor of Gleanimjs does in his
issue for July 1st. He says : —

" I am always glad to read the articles in
the Review, by R. L. Taylor, detailing his
experiments at the apicultural station, pro-
viding I can study out the coucul>ion. But
several times I liave found myself almost
unable to gather the lessons taught by the
tables. I suppose it is my own thick-head-
edness, but 1 have heard others speak of it
several times. If our friend R. L. T. would
help us to translate • them a little more it
would add greatly to the value of the report.
I was about giving an editorial summary of
the one in the Review of June 10. I may be
thick-headed; but for the life of me I could
not boil it down. I kept still, however, and
said to my co-worker, our proof-reader and
stenographer, in my usual tone, ' I wish you
would make an editorial summary of this. '
I have sometimes asked him to do this be-
fore, when I have been pressed for time.
The next day I came around and said, ' Well,
have you ^ot that summary?'

' No,' said he, ' that is a sticker. '

' Have you read it? ' said 1.

' Yes, especially the reading-matter; and
while there are many interesting and valuable
facts all through the article, I can not bring
them all to a focus so as to state the result
of the problem as a whole. '

I know my friend Mr. Taylor will not take
it unkindly when I say 1 am not fault-finding;
but I make it as a criticism, hoping that it
will enable some of us to understand the
tables a little better. He sometimes gives
us a summary, or the gist of the matter in a
nutshell, and thus unquestionably throws
much light on the tables, making their mean-
ing more intelligible. Perhaps I ought to be
able to do this: but surely Mr. Taylor can in-
terpret his own tiguers more correctly.

I am willing to acknowledge that I have
my fair share of thick- headedness; but some
of the brightest bee-keepers I know of ac-
knowledge that they have been greatly in-
debted to Gleanings for tho editorial summa-
ries of the Michigan apicultural reports, as
they were not able to understand the original
report in the Review. 1 should like to give
•the names ot some of these bee-keepers; but
for fear they would not like the mild insin-
uation that they are thick-headed, like my-
self, I forbear.

The point is right here: There are vere few
readers who will take the time to study out
a set of figures, or read a thing through
several times to get its meaning. If they do
not ca^ch the meaning at first glance they
will simply skip it. "

Mr. Taylor takes great pains to give the
data from which he draws his conclusions.

but this would he of little value were it not
that the conclusions are " figgered " out and
given with the tables of figures. When Mr.
Taylor starts out to make an experiment or
a series of experiments, he knows exactly
what he wishes to decide, and those columns
of figures have a very clear meaning to him.
He has, perhaps, worked weeks to secure
those figures, and is greatly interested in the
truths that they are able to unfold. The
average reader has not had his interest
aroused in this way ; he will not wade
through columns of figures requiring close
attention and thinking to get any good out
of them. It is all right to give the data in
full just as Mr. Taylor does, so that any one
can verify the results for himself if he
wishes, but the explanations and conclu-
sions should be given very full and complete
in themselves as much as possible, as they
are about all that the average bee-keeper
will read.

Smoke and Proper Manipulation Better

Than Bee-Escapes for Romoving Combs.

For removing combs for extracting, with-
out the use of bee escapes, I do not remem-
ber of seeing better advice than the follow-
ing given by my friend S. T. Pettit in the
Canadian Bee Journal.

" Removing filled combs from supers for
extracting and replacing therein empty
combs is looked upon by many as being a
slow trying job and fraught with danger
from many stings. And indeed, from the
way many go at tlie work, it is that part of
bee keeping to be dreaded. No wonder at
all that many resort to the bee escape for
help.

The practice of brushing each comb clean
as taken out is so slow that the bees get more
or less demoralized before the super is more
than one-half clear of combs and a large
amount of smoke is often necessary in order
to go on with the work. And then the bees
will often boil over the side of the super and
besides that, brushing when first lifted out
will c luse them to sting ; then they get an-
other dose of smoke. Now, all this is hard
on both the operator and the bees. That is
the way I did it years ago, but a happy
thought came over me that there must be a
better way, quicker way ; one that could be
performed without danger of stings and al-
together better for the poor bees, and the
very first trial proved a perfect success.

This is the way 1 do it now : first give a
couple of smart whiffs of smoke in the en-
trance, then blow smoke smartly under the
quilt and the bees will rush downwards, then

210

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE*

remove the quilt or cloth and for a moment
rush the bees down with smoke ; now is your
opportunity, lift the combs out quickly and
shake off what b'^es you can quickly and
lean the combs against the back part of the
hive or any other convenient thing, or place
them in a light box for the purpose. Now,
keep on a hustle and as soon as the last card
is out. drop in and adjust your empty combs
and close up the hive. Now, see, all this
must be done before the reaction or return
of the bees sets in and your bees are still in
good humo and their zeal for gathering
honey is not decreased by the presence of
those empty combs and everything is lovely.

The process of brushing the remaining
bees from the combs will be found pleasant
and easy for by this time they feel lost and
lonely and they are in no mood for self de-
fence. I had rather remove the filled combs
and replace them with empty ones than ad-
just and remove a bee escape. And then, I
fancy that the bees being crowded into the
brood chamber and the consequent excite-
ment caused by < he bee escape would work
up swarming fever.

I go right on with this work in the robbing
season. I place a robber cloth over the
comb box and just when commencing oper-
ations! fill said box with smoke, this keeps
the robbers at hay. At such seasons I have
an assi^itant to keep the air over and about
the hive pretty full of smoke."

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

rn HIS time the View shall be all Round-up,
"x without any subdivision at all, and the
ponies of the Review shall be rounded up
first.

Enthusiastic's frame, 20 inches long and
3I4 deep is rather a queer one ; but the fact
that the bees wintered well on such extreme-
ly shallow frames may be one of the impor-
tant facts that may work in somewhere and
some time to our profit. Review. 131.

Friend Thompson is doing a good work
among the foreign bee journals : and the
facts and experiments gleaned on page 127
deserve more than a passing notice. Water
condensed on the inside of hives poisons
dogs and rabbits. This explains what many
of us no doubt have wondered at. Bees on
a wet morning will wade through water up
to their little ankles and fly away, at some
personal risk, to their watering place for
water. Why not, with no risk or trouble,
take the freshly fallen rain right at their
feet ? Apparently it is because all water
dripping about the premises is regarded as
poison, and shunned on general principles.

And then when we come to consider that
some of the exhaled water will get into the
unsealed honey (a large dose of it, too, the
article shows) the importance of a supply of
cool damp air from the outside suggests it-
self. I suppose that this is the weak point
of the enameled cloth covering, as compared
with burlap. The damp air from the cluster
of bees should percolate away, while the
damp air to thin down the honey should
come in the entrance. That perfect winter-
ing I spoke of last month — much more than
to bring the colony through in working or-
der— may require us to do a great deal on
this line of getting rid of poisonous exhala-
tions. This is to the intent that we may
have in spring a steady, strong, healthy col-
ony in no feverish haste about either breed-
ing or swarming.

Anent the quotation given below, I can't
win the suit for the plaintiff, but I just won't
try to win it for the defendent. Let him
see to the matter himself ; the charge don't

hit me.

" The person that can enjoj' the milk from his
gf ntle pet cow during her useful life, and then
with bloody liands take lier life and enjoy her
meat, can do so only because he is yet a savage."
B. Taylor, in Review, 124.

Friend Taylor's assumption in the same
article that the colony that swarms first is
the best one in the apiary I suspect is a lit-
tle off. Strongly inclined to think that the
very best one in the apiary frequently does
not swarm at all. General requeening with
the cells of the first colonies to swarm would
get rid of the very poor and worthless stock
— big improvement in some ajiiaries — but I
should fear that my colonies that refrain
from swarming and fill some sections, while
the rest swarm and yield little or no surplus,
would grow fewer and fewer under such a
system.

About the cheese-cloth queen cage of
friend Aspinvvall'son page 1J")9, I don't know
what I think. Should have to try it some
time when bees are contrary and cantanker-
ous to have a definite opinion. Have my
doubts about five hours really being the
minimum time they would take to get in.
If it don't work with a newly made artificial
colony that fact is a trifle suspicious. But
all the same we can thank him for a cage
that is out of the ordinary rut sufficiently to
provoke study and experiment.

It is quite refreshing to hear friend
Thompson remark that the figures on Ger-
man consumption, production and import
of honey have discrepancies. Most of our

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

211

hoys, I fear, would liave laid them hetore us
in serene obliviousness of the circuinstante
that they do not prove when added up by
nearly 20,0(K),0(K) pounds Kkview, l(i7.

I was •' aiuaziu " stirred up to see how
many chances there are to net wrong in so
simple a matter as brushing bees with a sin-
gle great big feather. Must he from the
left wing of the bird for Yankee use, and
from the right wing if you're a left handed
German. I should have put the concave
aide ahead — and authority says convex side
ahead. I should have gone for 'em with the
wide side of the feather — and authority says
narrow side. All this only shows again ,
what was found out long ago, that man
never gets the right way till he has done all
the wrong ways first. Review, 1()7.

'■ Hives well shaded will liavo plenty of stores
wliil^ those in the sun will be stfirvint;." Cuba;
\V. W. Sonierford ; (lleaninss, ;nO.

Have to work so hard at fanning, I sup-
pose, that they eat their stores up ; wliile tlie
shaded ones are quiescent and not on fnll
rations. Very likely this needs looking to
much further north than Cuba.

Raising greenhouse peaches in November
in Oregon. Something had to be done or
the flowers wouldn't fertilize. Swishing the
l)lossoms with a spray of warm water worked
[loorly. PoUenizing by hand with a little
brush worked. Operator thought Jie worked,
and rather too much. Hive of bees " took
the cake " — in fact overdid the job so great-
ly that the young peaches had to be thinned
by hand. Gleanings, 392.

" Some twenty years ago I noticed that queens
reared to superwede a failing queen were less in-
clined t o swarm than those reared during tlio
height of swarming." Doolittle in (ileanings,
361.

As this is on the track of our most impor-
tent problem suppose we drum our thinking
bulbs a little over it. May be simply because
they are jioorer queens. Quite a lot of the
lirethren, I believe, have i)ronounced such
queens inferior. If a queen's laying capaci-
ty is only two-thirds of the normal I should
not expect the colony to swarm. Then again
it may be that colonies which supersede
their queens in such times and ways that we
notice it, do so because they are somewhat
disinclined to swarm instead of omitting
the swarming because they have supersedure
queens. Most colonies get rid of their old
queens during the hurly burly of swarming
itself, if I am right.

Wax candles thirteen feet long and nine
teen inches thick, is the way the Moslems

boom their beeswax market. Gleanings, I'.V.

That is a suggestive thought on wintering
wliich Dr. Miller brings out in Gleu)ti^igs,
:?r)2. When the air in our living rooms is
very impure from lack of ventilation we
shiver at 70° ; but when the air is perfectly
pure and crisp we feel warm at (;.5 . This is
vere probably one reason why zero harms
out door bees less than 'A'J' harms cellar bees.

J. A. Nash, Gleani)ujs, ;54!(, wants us to be-
lieve that he has swarms weighing 28 pounds
— and looks down on 14 pound swarms as
one hofp'i affairs. 'I'his reviewer promptly
directs him to retail that to the bee-keeping
marines along the coast of southern (Cal-
ifornia.

Boardman's entrance feeder as shown in
Gleanings, 84G, seems an excellent imple-
ment— likely to be one of the quite small
number of standard feeders of the future.
Wooden robber-bars that stick far into the
hive are what does it. But then some of the
bee-keepers of the future will lind that they
use a feeder so seldom that they can afford
to "cheese it," and not have such a thing as
a feeder around the ranch anywhere.

Hauling home a couple of loads of bees a
few days too late, at Dr. Miller's place last
fall, seems to have caused some thirty deaths
among them. Just such bees, from the
same apiary, and put in the same cellar,
only hauled sooner, got through in fair or-
der. Must look a little out about late haul-
ing. Gleanings, oIK!.

Beeswax it seems dissolves in boiling alco-
hol, but very little stays dissolved when the
alcohol is cold. Gleanings, .'?ItS. For this
and lots of other things we are indebted to
friend Mathey's able treatment of the sub-
ject. The very great number of local qual- '
ities, colors and odors of beeswax seems a
decided suggestion that beeswax cannot be
rvholly a simple secretion from simple hon-
ey, nectar or sugar. Something else from
local plants, or local something, is to be
looked for a little. And in this connection
we should remember how hard it is to get
bees to produce wax at all out of season.
Per contra wejmay remember that there are a
good many different flavors of butter, and
butter is a secretion — and when wo were boys
and had to churn we were aware that it
sometimes wouldn't come.

Cowan's statistics of honey and wax in
Britain are very praiseworthy in being so
temperate. W^hen we Yankees attempt bee
statistics we mostly get crazy as loons. ( )ur

212

'IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

figures multiply like yeast, in which every
bubble adds itself on to the right as an 0.
Average surplus per hive 17 pounds, with a
total of 4,000,01)0 pounds for England and
Wales is the way Mr. Cowan puts it. Quite
a bit behind Germany's 48,000,000. ( Wonder
if the latter figures are any related to ours.)
Ireland is figured for only a quarter of a
million pounds, and Scotland conjectured to
be somewhat more than Ireland. Inspec-
tion of the items stiows that no allowance is
made for the honey of bee-keepers that be-
long to no association and make no i-eports :
so there is an imaginable error in the way of
deficiency. If Britain needs to add nothing
to her assocation statistics it is another good
sized prod for our association folks. Glean-
ings, 408.

Wood base foundation with the veneer 48
sheets to the inch, eh ? Well may be she
will wave. Schmidt & Thiele, New Loudon,
Wisconsin.

At the home of the Miller feeder the un-
improved kind beats the improved, and
nobody knows why. Gleanings, 442. But
our lady comrade, Miss Wilson, discompo-
ses me by letting facts get out of school
about the prevalence of leakage. They also
had a queer case in which robbers were al-
lowed to enter the door and empty a feeder,
and combs also, and yet did not break up
the colony. —Thought 'twould be a shame to
kill such simpletons ; and certainly they
were not worth carrying off as prisoners.
From a little I have noticed I think bees
usually spare such absolute non-combatants.

The railway magnates received the bee
folks kindly and gave them one important
reduction — on extracted honey well bar-
relled or canned — but most of the petitions
were denied. Gleanings, 441 -ii.

C. C. Miller found a clipped queen on his
assistant's hat. Said queen may have been
taken off with the cover, but how did she get
the rest of the way ? Gleanings, 47.').

More row about worthless statistics. If I
am patient, and don't get mad pegging away
at the almost universal habit of putting in
figures without looking at them, the editors
must be patient with me if I lay on pretty
hard. What are figures and tables for any-
how ? And to tiuote a popular saw, what's
the use of our knowing so much when so
much we know ain't so — not within a whole
group of figures ? Really, Messrs. Editors,
you must remember that there is a vast
amount of mathematical trash in circula-

tion— and that a material part of our read-
ing is rendered nearly worthless by a little
inattention. More than this, when yon give
us statistics tell us where they came from,
that we may have some means of judging
what importance to attach to them. This
time it is the Canadian Bee Journal that is
the offender, on page .')07. I went in feeling
like saying something quite commendatory
of such concise information about bee-keep-
ing in foreign countries, until I read^that
Russia had only 110,000 hives, less than half
as many as Holland ; then my faith gave
way. AVhen I came to the table and glanced
at the areas of these countries I perceived
that the heading "Comicalities" would fit
on the thing pretty well. Holland is bigger
than Germany, and, as it is well known to
be much more densely peopled, when you
next hear that the '"Dutch" have taken
Holland don't you believe it. France is
bigger than the combined area of the other
eight nations of Europe reported. (Must
have been a Frenchman that fixed up this
mathematical bolus for us. ) Russia which
is well known to comprise more than half of
Europe, appears as only a fraction larger
than Denmark ! She is credited with one
hive per square mile which would really give
her over two million hives, or nearly twenty
times as many as she is credited with. Af-
ter considerable proving and disproving of
figures I reached the conclusion that the col-
umn of hives per square mile is of some in-
terest and value except as to Russia, and
perhaps Canada. Forgot to tell us how
many hives Canada has ; but recovering the
fact from the square miles and the colonies
per square mile we find there are only l.'{,800
— enough to stock 27<i apiaries with .W hives
each.

Friend Muth quaintly tells us in the Can-
adian, page rAl, what a sudden case of bee
paralysis he had. Things were all quiet at
the time, except that a few dying bees were
being carried out, but the fact was there had
just been an intruding swarm massacred.

Those who have wax to cleanse on a large
scale may well read what E. B. Weed says on
page r>'22 of the Canadian— only perhaps
some will want to omit the snli)huric acid.
Big barrel with six inches of water in it and
a pipe of live steam to i)lunge in. Then
heap in the cakes (not too full) and turn on
steam by degrees. Don't stop when it is all
melted, but watch close and steam ahead
till the bubbles begin to grow to a quarter

•^ BJLJL-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

213

of an inch in diameter — then shut off lest a
troublesome frothing set in. Blanket the
barrel and keep it melted as long as you
can, dipping out just before it begins to
harden. Perhaps I should confess that I
don't know wliether the process would be of
any particular advantage without acid in
the water.

RioHAKDS, Lucas Co., Ohio, -Tune 2.'>, 'it.').

ADVERTISEMENTS

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

SELECT TESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Friends, I will have two hundred select, test-
ed (jueens. reared from one of Doolittle's best
(lueens, and mated to select drones from the
best of my own stock. These queens will he
sold at one dollar eacli^ or $10.00 pt>r dozen, and
will 1)1' sent out the last week in August.

All who wish to take advantage of this offer
will do well to send in their orders early.

(live me a trial order and 1 will guarantee
to give you satisfaction, or refund your money.
Address F. A. ("ROVVELL,

(iranger,
T-g.-i-St Fill. Co. Minn.

Please mention the Heuiew

I am manufacturing

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Every thing you need.

PRICES REDUCED.
Hend for new Price List.

UEO. KALL. Frenchville, Wis.
Trempeleau ("o.

Please mention the Reuieiv.

4-9r>-tf

FliOt^lDA'Tor,.,..

In Tampa, Florida, I iiavo a lot and two cot-
tiiges for sale. The locality is a good one for
bees ; the field unoccupied and the home market
tirst-class. lient of one cottage will pay s per
cent interest on the whole investment. For
further particulars address
B. F. AVEJ^IUU, Houaandsville, Va.

P. S.— Twenty colonies bliick bees for sale at
$3.50 per colony

POTATO CRATES and Bee Hiyea
are my specialties. I'rice list free. Address
J. M. KINZIE,
1-95-12. Itochester, Oakland do., Mich.

Please mention the Reuietv.

— If you are going to —

BUY A BtIZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

'"Li»H BEES (fc QUEENS

Ready in May. Queens, $1.00. Bees by the
Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nucleus, with Queen,
$2 .■)0. One-frame, $2 00. Also Barred P. R.
Eggs, for setting, $1 .00 per 1"). 5 9.V4t

Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48. Swarts, Peuii.

Please mention the Review-

MONEY - MAKERS 1

Are a strain of Italians that winter in the
cold North, and are ready for business,
with a bushel of bees, when the flowers
bloom. They aie gentle and industrious.
Queens warranted purely mated, in Juno,
$100; six, $r).0O; dozen, $9.00. Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. Never
any disease in the apiary,

E. F. QUIGLEY,

5-95 tf I'luonville. Mo.

Please mention the Reuiew.

Qr^y Ce^rpioIe^Oj and Golden Ita^lie^os.

Our bees are b2ir<Jy, gentle, prolific and the best of honey-gatherers. One untested queen,
7.")C. six for $4.00. All now customers can have one untested queen of either race for .50c. We do
this to introduce our bees. We never saw foul brood or bee paralysis. Don't fail to fry the
Carniolans; they will suprise you. Descriptive price list free

7 95 tf F. A. LOSKHART &• CO., LaKe Georee, fi. Y.

214

THE BEE-KEEl'EUS' HE VIEW.

Hunt's Foundation

Ijed all others in the Governineiit experiments. It exceeded the Given by i)}4. per
cent, and all the rest by 24^2. See Sept. Review, 1W)4, Tlie Largest, Most Compre-
hensive Catalog of everything needed in the Apiary, Fkeb. Cash for Beeswax, or
will make it up in any quantity. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. 4 95-31

©

€)

SOUTHERN HOME of'tue Hoiej'Eee, Bees Scooped !

IXri I ^. ^^c. .^o .r^v..il .JC fhii hoct •

Where you can buy queens as f<o<>d as the best,
either from au imported or a Golden Italian
mother ; guaranteed to be free from paralysis,
at 75 cents each, 6, «4 00 ; 12, $7 .W. Tested, $1.00
each : 6, $5.' 0 ; 12, $9.00. After .June 1st. 50 cents
each for untested; H, $2..50; 12, »4.00. Tested, 75
cents each ; (), $4.00; 12. $7.50. (rood breeders
$2.00 each. Straight five banded or " faultless "
queens, $2.50 ench. Bees by the pound, 75 cents
a pound. All our jjolden, tested queens produce
live-banded workers. Satisfaction guaranteed
Descriptive circular free. .Xddress

J4UFSTEDLER HUOS..
l-95-9t. Clarksville, Texas.

.''.enac rriKririufl the RnvitilV.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. (^ook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Headquarters

For those large, beautiful, golden Italians, the
great honey gatherers. One untested queen, 80c ,
tlu-w for $2.00. One warranted, $1.00; three for
$2 M. (.)n.' trnted. fl.M. One select tested, $2.(XI.
Satislaction guaranteed or money refundod.

C. M. HICKS,

4-95-tf Hicksville, Wash. Co., Md.

Nearly 200 pages practical and interesting

Reading for Bee - Keepers

Kor only liOctw.

The Kansas Bee • Journal,

Monthly, Young and Lively. .Send for Sample.
Address, KANSAS HEB - .JOURNAL,

Topeka, Kansas,

EE SUPPLIES!

iSendforfreecopyof II..I^XrSTRATEII
F<;ATA.I.,0GUE— describing everything
useful to a URK-RKKPER. Address
'J\ O. M«*wmuii, 147 So.Westeni Ave., Chicago.

I have frt last succeeded in (iuying all the bees
within 2}^ miles of my home apiary, except five
colonies, and these I have Italianized and have
permission to control their drones. This prac-
tically gives me a clear tield for breeding pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
experience in breeding and experimenting with
Italian (jueens and bees, and 1 now breed "for
business" from my own importations and Doo-
little's "Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, ^S-frame,
D. T. hive, $0.00; 5 cohmies, $27.50 ; lOcolonies,
5 0 00; one frame nucleus, $l,fO; two frame,
1 .75. Select the queen wanted and add price to
the above. During March and April, one tested
.(iMa, 2.00. Select tested queen, $3 00. After
May Ist, one tested queen. $1 .50; ;^ for $4.00; 6
for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens
as early as the season will permit of their being
reared, one for $1 00 ; :i for $2.25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 12
for $t5 75. I have over UK) testetl (lueens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
C(3lonies to fill extra early orders.

('ontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if dcsirrd will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian (lueens on reason-
able terms.

29512

JOHN n- DAVIS,

Spring Hill, Maury ( "o., Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should have a copy of the .\mateur
Bee- Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse,
i'rice 25c., by mail 28c. The little book and the
I'rogressive Bee-Keeper (a live i>rogre8sive 28
page monthly journal) one year ti5c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO.. Hiqginsville. Mo.

12-98-12t.

Please mention the Reuieiu.

THE STR ATTOM

A.rrn«i-iOiin

GUITARS.' MANDOLINES

IRE HANDLED BV ALL THE 1.EADIMC MUSIC STONES

Oak. Aan. airaaeye (Vtaple. Mahogany and ffoaewooo.

JOHN F STRATTON & SON^

M asical Mercliancllse.

aa • as wuKe' 111.. mew toiii^

Please ineMiun the r.eview.

77/ E HE I'J-K F.FJ 'ERS ' LE I IE M

215

Five - Banded Bees ?

GOOD

Air iiri'liMicil by most
!)('(> keepers to tlioso t)f
otlier vfirietics. I breed for business
(iualiti(>s as well as for color, aD<i have a
strain of ."> banded Italians I hat I iirefor
to blacks, hybrids. Holy Lands or Cypri-
ans, ;ill of which 1 have tried. Last year
the colonies that 1 moved to the man-
grove stored on an averat,'c 420 lbs.
of extracted honey. All I ask at first is a
trial order, as others will surely follow.
I warrant my ciueens purely mated and I
sell them at 7.5 cts, each, or $7.50 per doz.
in June, and 6.75 per dozen in July.
Tested, 1 .25 : select, S2.00 to $5.0.i. Cir-
cular free. J. B. CASE,
12-94-tf Port Orange, Fla.

Illustrated AdvertiseineDls Attract Attention.

Cuts FnrnisM for all illustrating PurDOses,
A New Strain of Bees,

THE ADELS.

Friends, 1 shall be i)repared, )^\ .June 1st. to
fill orders for Adel and l!;<lian oueei s at $1.1 0
for warranted. ,|;i 50 for testeil. $2 00 for sele.-f
tested. JOS. ERWAY, HAVANA. N. Y.
5-9,5-4t Please mention the Kevii w.

y;•■^?.^*::•;'^^;#;::•;■;^^;*::;;-^^;♦;::;;■;V^::•;::i;l^^;^^

^. TESTED 50 cts. W:

W^- ITALIAN M^

'^. 50 CTS QUEENS -^

'^ J. C. WHEELER, PLANO, ILL. ;^i^

Golden Italian Queens.

One untested tiueon before June Isl .. . ,|1.(«)

"'^ " " " " ... 5-(K)

One " " after " . 75

i^ix " " " •■ 1 20

One tested " before " 1 50

^»^ V 7..50

One •' " after " .1 OO

^'^ ," , ' 5.00

One selected tested for breeding, f:^ (lo

2-9.5 -tf

W. H. WHITE,

Dpport, Lnmar Co., Texai

mention thi "^euietv.

RIT]ES ME

BEFORE HUYINti (^'KE-^IS, an.l wt prices
on my

Ooldeii Qiaeens,

Bred for b:isine-is, be luty and gentlene.ss.

4-95.0t

J. D. GTVENS,

Box o, Lisbon, Texas.

A. I. Root's Goods, at their
prices netr liome. Vsf can save
you Freight. Order early and
secure discounts. 32 page Cata-
log, free.

JOHN NEBEL&80N,
2-9.5tf High Hill, Mo

Heaae mention the Reuieui.

Largest Factory in the West. a.„as::::r.^^;:r.,, .,...,.

V\ e are here to serve you and will if you give us a chance. Caialuijui' Free. Addeiss,

UEAHY A\A/HUPACTURIrtG CO., Hip^-insvill^, f\o.

216

rU /■ Jti KE-K EEl 'EUS ' ii' /'. V- i /I, Ky

i Names of Bee - Keepers. I

H ?

m TYPE WRITTEN. e

m ^

The names of my customers, and of tliose ask
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish il
to my advertisers at 82.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keeiiers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
t)f names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2..')0
per 1000, but 1 now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold procets, I can furnish them
S2.00. \V. Z. HUTCHIN80N. Flint, Mich.

A O II l2 To my customers and friends :
I XM'i Please remember that W H.
I If ■/ ll Laws is again headquarters for
*■ ^^ ^^ ^^ Italian queens. 1 breed nothing
but large, well-developed queens, either Golden
or Leaf her-coh red. My Gf)lden strain is from
Doolittle's original ONKHU.NDRED dollau queen
sent me after h<y had reared over 1,0(M) (jneens
from her. For business and beauty, my bees arc
unexcelled Price of queens, each. $1.00 ; six for
$1.50. Tested, ffl.2:). Breeders, $i to $i. Ad-
dress
1 il.j-tf W. 11. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. (^o., .Vrk.

Please mention the Hcuicw.

> Coupon ;^"u1,cIl <

Cut out this Hand Book.

coupon Hnd send

it with your name and address to us,
and we will forward to you free a beau-
tiful 5t)-page fully illustrated Hand
Book of Musical Instruments. This
volume should be in your library— it is
full of interesting and valuable matter.
It contains among many other features
a well written account of every instru-
ment in modern use.Lyon& Healy ^
Wabash-ave. and Adams-st. Chicago ^L

mm ITALIAN

Queens by return mail from a breeder obtained
of Doolittle, which he selected and tested out of
1(10(1, for his own special use, he says this queen
is a better one than the

World's Fair pueen

which was vahu'ii at S-iO.OO; also,

ITALIAN OUEENS

from one of .\.l.Koot"s best imported breeders.
Price of (|ueens, untested, .ir)ct8.;Six for $3.00;
12, for $:>..'>(': tested, $ I. On each; fi, for *.")/ 0, No
disease. 1 shall run 400 nuclei. Ask for free
circular, which may be worth dollars to yon, if
yon buy (jneens. Safe delivery, and satisfaction
guaranteed.

II. G. QUIRIN,
7-9.')-3t Bellevac, Ohio.

Pirerf-Draff Vtvkfi
BJNGMAM

Bee Smoker

PRICES

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knife.

Patented May 20, 1870.

BINGHAM

Perfect Bse-Smob and Honef Knives,

PATENTED 1878, 1882 and 1^112.

l),)ct(

.3'/2 inch Stove, per doz $12,00— Mail, $1.7.5

11.00- "

1 ..W

6 00- "

1 00

4 75- "

.70

3,00— "

.M

7.00— "

.80

Conqueror '.i

Large M^A

Plain 2

Little Wonder .1%

Honey Knife

BEST ON EARTH.

The three larger sizes have extra wide shields and (h)uble

coiled steel wire handles. These SHIELDS and HANDLES are

i an .\I\I.\Z1N(; COMFORT-always cool and clean. The Plain

lave narrow sidcdds and wir(^ handles .VU Bingham Smokers for 189.") have all the

viz: Direct Draft, Bout ('ap, Wire Handles, Inverted Bellows, and are ABSO-

'T. All genuine Bingham Knives and Bee-Smokers are stamped with date of

nt free

T. F. BINGHAM, Abronia, Michigan.

^iih Blli-.-KKKi-i'^li^ hi-AlLW.

21'

3 - Frame Nucleus and Italian

I'liiosloil queens, TTi cts ; Six for S'i "'"•

J)isciuiiit on ciUHiititics.

Full ^ Line ^of ^Supplies.

Circular lri>f. 1. J. STIUN(illAM,

2-9r)-tf 1(15 Park Place, New York ( 'ity

Nem YoPk Qaeens.

( Fauor h Deoeitful: Bvnutij is Vain. I

The beautiful yollow boee are ijoing. Let tlieni
go; 1 iiave a strain of bees that are harrly and
prolific, and remarkable ff)r their longevity, be-
si.les capping their honey the whitest of any.
They are the coming bees for our northern cli-
mate. I also have an ai)iary of goltlen Italians,
and can furnish queens of either variety at *!.(«)
each. Mrs. OLIVER COLE, Sherburne, N Y.

ntion tlie Peuie

THE STRATTON

Hopey Queers,

Have, for the past IS years, been carefully bred
in my yards for producing comb lK)ney; a spe-
cial method lieing empl .yed wlieroby large,
long-lived and prolific (luoeiis are secuced. 1
can furnish either three or five-banded stock,
or from imported mothers, each variety b?ing
bred in a separate yard. No foul brood f)r par-
alysis. Warranted queens. tjO cts., tested, $2. (K)
Selected bn^oders, $2.50. Discount f)n finantitios.

J. H. GOOD, ~

2-95-tf NHpp;inee, Ind.

ITHIIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOI^ 1894.

Before you iiurchase, look to your interest, and
8>^nfl for citalogue anil price list.

.f. I'. H. IJIJOWN,
l_SS-if. Aujrusta, Georgria.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK. 78 Barclay St , N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf S->rd for illus'rated Catalogue

"Harp" and "Manhattan" Guitar.

Warranted not to Crack. No Guitars sold
it retail. Dealers release send for Illustrated
-atalogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON &, SON,

^3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK-

Pure Italian Queens,

Bred for business an<l sold at the following pri
ces : untested. l.O: three for 2.5(1: six, 4.75
tvFelve, 9.00. Tested. 1.25; three for 3.50; six.;
7 00; twelve. 1.3.00. Sel(>et tested. 2. .50.

Catalogue of Hf"e Sui)i)lips sent free upon ap-
plication. O. P. HYDE,
5-95-6t Lamp:isas, Texas.

GOLDEN

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Warrante<l i)urely mated, ready to mail at 75 cts
each ; three for S2,00; six for $i.(H);one dozen.
f7.00. Untested queens, after July Ist, 50 cis.
each. See former advei tisemenls.

AV. A. COMPTON,
4 95-lt Lynnville, Tenn.

A- E. IIOSHAL, of Reamsville, Out.,

^CANADA

Has gotten up a new and compienliensive circu
lar, giving plain, croncise explanations of the
whole practical work of beekeeping as accom-
plished with

The Heddon Hive

And system, showing how they enable one to
secuiethe same results with less labor and more
comfort than with other hives, and he would be
tileased to pend it to all Canadian beekeepers.
( Tliose in T^. S. should address .fames Heddon.
Dowagiac, Mich i Mr. Hoshal also handles
sections, makes f' undation, etc. 11-93-tf

Sends free his (^ataloi-'uo of 7'2 illustrated pages:
describes EVER YTHINC; USED IN THE API
ARY; Best Goorts at Lowest Prices. Deliv-
ered to vour railroad at either Chicago ;'St. Louis f Atchison. Kans. : St. Paul. Minn. ; Des Moines
Iowa ; ('edar Rapids, Iowa ; and other places. Capacity one car load a day. \\ rite at ouce^tor Ins
Catalogue. """'

E. KRETGHMER, M Oak, Iowa,

. ..•i_ ...1 ..<.;. 1 I'l.;, <» I ,..,;^ •

5l8

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIKVv

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

Tliin cut represents our
('oiabineil (^ircular and
8croll 8aw, which is the
hi-et machine made for
Ueo Keepers' use in the
coustruetion of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 6t

MAClllNlClS SKNT ON TRIAL.

FOU CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
i.ldr-ess W. F. & J NO. BARfJES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

W. H. BRIGHT'S

CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing
needed in tlie apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec-
tions, spraying: pumps ;iiid Brisht's comb foun-
dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one,

WM. H. BRIGHT,

l.|,i5-l:it Mazeppa, Minn.

W (). VICTOK, of Wh;irton, Texas, locik

45,000 Pounds

Of houcy in ISlU.as the result of eleven years'
experience, fic offers for 8al(~ Kootl. old-style
honey .5-9.5-tf

Queens zvpd Bees

At the followiuK prices :

1 Untested Queen, "JS

13 " Queens, 7.50

I Tes'eil Queen, 150

II •• Queens 15 00

1 Single-frame Nucleus. 1)^ 1o 2 lbs bees

and Untested Queen, 1 . 50

12 Single-frame Nuclei, with bees & Queens, 15.00
1 Two-frame Nucleus, 2!x> to 3 lbs. bees

anil Untested Queen, ■ ■ ^00

12 Two-frame Nuclei, with bees iV queens, 20.00
Prici'fiou larirer (luantities siviri upon applica-
tion. Olio untested iTUeen, if alii st order, for 50 c.

JUST RECEIVED,

A cir load of Roofs goods. Prices to suit tlie
times Reasonable satisfaction guaranteed.

SEESJ"^" Queens

iness.eiiual to all *W

ILEY'Sliolileii Italian

arge, beauti
fid, bred lor bu'.-
iness.eiiual to all
nil superior to many. Untested, .June, 65 cts., !y
doz .I3..50. Tested. fl.OO; tine breeiters, »2.( 0
each ; fine, straight 5- banded, breeding - queens,
$10()each. To parties who have not tried my
strain of Italians I will send one golden queon
for 50 cts. Safe arrival guaranteed. .5 95-9t

E A SEELEY, Bloomer, Ark.

I Money order office. Lavaca, Ark. i

l^eady to IVIail.

Untested Italian Queens are now ready to
mail. Price, fl.OO each; six for ;|^5,00; twelve
for $9 00.

T. R. CANADY,

.3.94.6t Fallbrook, Calif.

CANADIANS.

Drop me a card for my Seventh Annual (Circular.
1 manufacture the best Foundation, .Smokers,
Sections, Hives. Etc., in the country; so say
many of my customers. Address

W. A. CHRYSLER,
.3.95-tf Box 4.50, Chatham, Ont.

Muth's :::

lEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
tId-BIast Smokers
Square GIz^^ss Honey Jar?, Etc.

l\)r Circulars, apply to ('has. F. Muth & Son
t'or. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers.

1.g4.ff, PleasB HI ntion the Rfuieui.

PATENT. WiP.ER COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Tlii;. Flat Bottom Foundation

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Heiiig till' cleanetit. it is usually
worked (iincker than any fdn. made.
.». VAN DKl'SKN & SONS,
(SOLE MANUFACTURERS),

;^90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N"Y

One-piece Sections ^^^Gheap.

\ri ORDER TO REDUCE STOCK, WE OEPER

No ICK'ICAM SECTIONS- i'^ 1^4x7 to-t he It ; i No. 1 WHITE SECTIONS - .5i.4xt)V4x2, open

i;U, Pe, 1 15-16 and 2 ,nch : ^ on two 514 sides

1000 for $150 5,' 00 at $1.40 per M. j l.UOO for r2.50. .5,000 at $2.35 per M.

' io,()OOyi.:55per M. • Id.OOO at $2.25 per M.

C. B. LiEWlS CO., WatePtOLun, Wisconsin.

THE BEE-KEEPERS ' RE VIEW,

219

^^\^k>#;iw-:s5r::^s^^;^'s^'-^^-^-^ '^ - ?v-.;*v..s^-^;i^:i^'K

/ ^^ yi A# y» r\l A IK. I bee - keepers will find it to their interest to boy
V^ /\ l\l /A LJ I /A l\l their supplies of the Goold, Shapley & Muir (^o.,
..f Brantford. Ont.. ( ana.la. Circular free. This firm also publishes a bright,
progressive, illustratod monthly P> C" C" J""'"""! at $1.00 per year. Sam-
ples free. Italian queens from the OCi Ci finest strain of bees in the country
can be furnished in May at $1.00 each for untested, and $2.00 each for tested. In
June, untested, 75 c!s , tpsted. $1.50. Remember, the l^^l JfPI\l A I

and the queens go to the United States free from duty. 1/ ^•t/fX f V Al t-

/

/ \^^;s^:;^^^m^:.'^^^sr^*^:^^^.'^:^^^;^^^i^ ^!^:^:-^;^'\<^^;^;:^^:^s^!:^i^^^^"'^^^

TEXAS

OUEENS

Has a Climate Where

can be reared ahiiost

the vear round, nnd

JENNIE ATCHLEY.
living in this State, at Becvillee. can furnish
ti'sted, ;j banedd Italians at Sl.iO each; 5-bandpd
or ('arniolan $i!.i)0 each Cntesfed. either race,
$1 IX) eacli, six for $.5.00. or SVi.OO per dozen,
till .June; after .June 1st.. 7.") cts. each; six
for $4.2.5; or $8 00 per dozen. Fine breeder of
either race, or imported queens, $5.00. 1 95tit

Please mention the Reuiew.

L

Dixi^

Just to show you wliat bi^', yellow queens I
:im rearing, I will, for the next thirty days, sell.
.it 75 cts. each, untested queens reared from a
mother valued at fifty dollars. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Never any disease among my bees.

W. J. FOREHAND, Ft. Deposit, AI&.

Pleay mention 'he fteuiew.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

1 — 11^ I

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

till orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. FORflCROOK & CO.,

Jan. 1st, 1894. Watertown, Wis.

Rubber Pdnliog Stamps

Solid rubber type, self -inking pads, dating
stamps, supplies, etc., for bee-keepers. .Send
for catalogue and samples of work.

C. W. BERCAW,
2-95-6t Fostoria, Ohio.

Tested (jueens bf Return IVIail at $1,00

T .-\M devoting my apiary largely to the rearing of queens, making a specialty of
1 tpstfd Italian (ineens at $1.00 each or six for $5.00. These queens are of this year's
rearing, and have h'^en kept just long enough to know that they are good layers
and purely mated For several weeks I have been filling orders by return mail, and I
am kef-ping a large number of (jueens in nuclei for the express pnrpf>se of enabling
me to fill orders promptly. More than six queens ( tested i will be sold at 75 cents
each, but such orders must be sent with the understanding that, while they will be
filled as promptly as possible, it may not be by return mail, which will be the case
with six or a less number of qneens. The Review and one queen for $1.00.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

220

THE BrE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

• DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation ia guar-
antfted to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANOSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised. Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DAOANT & SON, HamiltOH, IIIS. ^^

'^i ^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Reuie-. ^^^^^^^^ r^^

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

WHAT'S ~~ 'J

THE USE OF
KEEPING BEES

If you do not sell the honey.' That's what we
are here for. Get our high prices before selling.
HORRIE & MoCONKEY, con. mission mer-
chants, 224 So. Water St., Chicago. Ills.

7-95 3t Keferenc, First National Bank, Ch'cago.

Please mention the Review.

Italian QUSENS;,

Untested, Jnly tn Oct. 75 Cents
Each ; Six for $4.25. Tested, 81.00
Sent by Return Mall.

Send for free illustrated circular to

THEO. PENDER,

6-94-tf

Canton, Ohio.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by C. \V.
Costellow. and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 95 12t Indianapolis, Ind.

SAVE MONEY.

It is always economy to buy the best,
especially when the bpst costs no more
than sometliinp not bp'f so good. Our
FALCON SECTIONS are nc-
kr>owiedged to be superior to anv on the
market. The same is also true of our HIVES and bee-keepers' STJPPIilES
of which we make all modern styles. Our prices will be found as low as tiiosts of
any of our competitors, and in many cases lower, and vou are always ►■'■rp cf getiina;
first-class goods We also publish the AMERICAN BEE KEEPER,
a monthly magazine (fifth year) at 50c a vear, inv.ilnnhle tr> VginiK'-s. Lnr"f^ i'lna.
trated catalogue and i>rice list frpe. .Address THE W T. FALCONER
Mf g Co., Jamestot^n, N. TC,

Now England customers may
by purchasing of our Eastern
agent, Mr. W. M. Gerrish of East
Nottingham, New Hampshire.

SAVE FREIGHT.

AUG., 1895.

4 V>-^ .K

At Fliqt, Mickiigaq. — Oqe Dollar a Year

222

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViJijW.

flDVEHTISIflG {^flTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; ti
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On «0 lines and upwards, 3 timep, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Liist.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings,.... ($1.00)

American Bee Journal ( l.O(i)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper ..( ..'iO)

Progressive Bee Keeper.. . ( .50) . . .
Apiculturist ( .75)

.$1.7.5.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 1 :i0.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotati 'ns are made accf)rtling to
these rules:

Fancy.— All sections to be well fillod ; combs
straight, of even thickness, .ind lirinly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoi led
by travel-stain, or otlierwise; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells un waled ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel stain or othorwiso.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark," etc.

CHICAGO, lit.— Some of the new crop of comb
has been sold at 15 to 16cts. We expect better
trade. We quote as follows: fancy white, 15 to
16; No. 1 white, 14 : fancy amber, 13 ; No. 1 am-
ber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 ; No. 1 dark, S ; white, ex-
tracted, 6}4 to 7 ; amber, 6 to d'yi ; dark, 5 to 53^ ;
beeswax, 27 to 28.

R. A. BURNETTS CO.,

Aug. 3. 163 So. Water St., Chicago. III.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Demancl for comb honey
slow. Extracted honey is in bettor demand.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13 ; No.
1 white, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1
amber, 8 to_ 9; fancy dark, 9 to li>; No. 1 dark,
8 to 9 ; white, extracted, 6}^ to 7 ; amber, ex-
tracted, 6 to 6}^ ; dark, extracted, 5 to 5J4. Bees-
wax, 27 to 30.

H. R WRIGHT,
March 5. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.-We have just received
a shipment of new comb honey, and quote as
follows : No. 1 white, 14; No. 1 amber, 12; No.
1 dark, 8 to lO; white, extracted, 7; amber, ex-
tracted, 6 ; dark, extracted, 5. Beeswax, 22.
C.C. CLKMONS CO.,

July 3. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

BUFFALO, N. Y. - Very little is doing in hon-
ey and lots of old stock is still on hand; no
trade at all at present. Early shipments of new
honey is advised We quote as follows : Fancy
white, 12to 13; No 1 white, 10 to II ; fancy dark,
7 to 8; No.l dark, 5 to 6. Beeswax, 25 to 30.
BATTERSON & CO .

July 3. 107 & 169 Scutt St.. Pmffalo, N. Y.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— At present the mar-
ket is in fine condition. Fresh arrivals of new
honey are selling, according to quality and con-
dition, from 16 to 20. Strictly fancy white is job-
bing in lots of 5 and 10 cases at 18 ; small way 10.
We quote as follows: fancy white, 19 to 20; No. 1
white, 18 ; fancy amber, 17; fancy dark, 16; white,
extracted, 9 ; amber, 8 : dark, 7.

J. A. SHEA & CO..
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. -

August 3.

NEW YORK. N. Y.-There is no demand for
comb honey and very little on the market. As
to extracted, new crop Southern is arriving
freely; besides there is quite a stock of last
year's crop of California on the market, while
the demand is rather light. Plenty of beeswax
is coming in. and, as the demand is limited the
price is declining. We (juote as follows : Fancy
white, 12 to 13; fancy amber, 11 to 12; fancy
dark. 8 to 9 ; white extracted, 6 to 6^^ ; amber ex-
tracted, 54. Beeswax. 29 to 3i>.

HILDRETH BROS, it SEGELKEN.

July 5. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York.

EE SUPPLIES!

L Send for free copy of II^LUSTRATEB
'CATAI.OGHJE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. 6. Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Cblcaso.

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

MUSiCAL
INSTRUMENTS.

I have already bouglit in this way a guitar
and violin for ray girls and a flute for my-
self. If you are thinking of buying an in-
strument of any kind I should be glad to
send yon one on trial. If interested, write
me for desciptive cirular and price list, say-
ing what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich .

I HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

223

FEEDIDG SACK

Honey to secure the completion of unfinished sections can
be made very profitable if rig-htly manag-ed during- the hot
weather of Jul}^ and Aug-ust. In "Advanced Bee Cul-
tukh" ma}' be found complete instructions regarding- the
selection and preparation of colonies, preparation of the
feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping
of the combs, time for removing- the honey, and how to
manage if a few sections in a case are not quite complete ;
in short, all of the " kinks" that have been learned from
year of experience and the "feeding- back" of tons of honey.
Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HOTCHINSOH, Flint, |VIich.

Bees Scooped !

1 luivo at last succeeded in buying all tlie bees
within ^J^ miles of my ImriK^ ;ipiary, except five
colonioH, and these 1 li iv Italianized and have
permission to controJ 1 1, cir drones. This prac-
tically Kives nio a clear held foi- hroodins pure
Italian (jucens. I li:ivo had over twenty year's
ex per en ue ill lircdinu and t^xperimoiitint; willi
Italian (ineensand lices. aiul 1 now hroxl "for
business" from my own iiiiportations hihI JJoo
little's "Best." P.mr stock is ccihi jy jis a gift.

One colony of Italians in sinirl ■ storv, iS.fraitic,
D. I' Idve.SOUO; .5 colonics. 527 .")0 ; U)cidiniis.
5 0 00; o.ne frame nucleus, Sl.'l); two rraii:c,
1 .7-5. Select llie quicn wanti d .iiid add pj'ici' lo
the above Dnrine: March and April, one tosied
li'-i. Z.UO. Select tested qncpn. jy CO. Altcn-
M.iy 1st, one tested (|neen. $1 .5(1; 3 for $1.W) ; 6
ftn- $7 50 ; select tested, $2 5(1. Unti sted (jueenH
as early as the season will permit of thi»ir beintr
rearoil. one for Si 00; 3 for $2.25; 6 for $1 00; I2
ff)r $1) 75 I have over 100 tested (pieons reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
colonies lo fill extra early orders.

('ontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if desiied will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian (pieens on reason-
able terms,

JOH/S y^. DAVIS,

2 05 12 Sprint' Hill, Maury Co.. Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur
Boe-Keejier, a 70 page book by Prof. J. W. liouso.
Price 25c., by mail 2Sc. The little book and the
ProKressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28
paue monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO.. Hiqqinsville. Mo. ■

12-93-12t. ^

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. 2. VVritefor special
I)rices on wilder orilers in large or small lots,
including all other Supplies. Also Berry Crates
and Baskets made up or In flat.

Address BICKLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,

:i-y5 t)t Berlin Heights, ().

224

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEU .

mm

COR. KING & YORK STS, T.RONTO.

Will be headquarters for bee keepers during the
conveation of the North American It is cen-
trally located, has all the modern conveniences,
and will make the following rates to bee keep-
ers : $1.75 per day, single; $1.50, double.

{^eady to pail.

Untested Italian Queens are now ready to
mail. Price, $1.00 each; six for $5,00; twelve
for $9.00. T.R. CANADY,

3 94 6t Fallbrook, Calif.

Please mention the Reuiem

CANADIANS,

Drop me a card for my Seventh Annual (Circular.
1 manufacture the best Foundatii>n, Smokers,
Sections, Hives. Etc., in the country; so say
many of my customers. Address

W. A. CHRYSLER,
3 95.tf Box 450, Chatham, Ont.

Muth's

HONEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Cold-Blast Smokers

S«|ua.re eiAss Honey -/ar?, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Mdth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee- Keepers.

l-94-tf. Please NIention the Review.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents oar
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-04-16t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PBIOKS, ETC.,

Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rochford, Ills.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Ttiiii, Flat Bottom Foiiiulatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN 1>KUSKN & SONS,

(SOLE MANUFA0TURER8),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y

W. H. BRIGHT'S

CIRCULAR FOU 1JS95, describes every thing
needed in tlie apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec-
tions, spraying pumps and Bright's comb foun-
dation, sold at bottom prices. Send lor one,

^"'''* WM. H. BRIGHT,

l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

W. O. VICTOR, of Wharton, Texas, took

45»000 Poupds

Of honey in 1894. i!s the result of eleven years'
experience. He offers for salf good, old-style
honey '^-''^-'f

Queens apd Bees

At the following prices : ^^

1 Untested Queen, •/■:>

12 " Queens, ^ -^'^

1 Tested Queen, 1 •' '

12 " Queens, 15 00

1 Single-frame Nucleus, l*^ to 2 lbs bees

and Untested Queen, . . J oO

12 Single-frame Nuclei, with bees & Queens, Ij.OO
1 Two-frame Nucleus, 2]/. to 3 lbs. bees

and Untested Queen, 2™

12 Two-frame Nuclei, with b«es cV queens, A). 00
Prices on larger quantities given upon applica-
tion. One untested queen, if a first order, for 50 c.

JUST RECEIVED,

A car load of Root's goods. Prices to suit the
times. Reasonable satisfaction guaranteed.

;ections, Iee iives and shipping Cases.

We make a Siieeialty of these floods and defy Competition in
r* Write for free illustrated Catalogue and Price List. i-95-tf

G. B. liEWlS CO., WatePtouin, Wisconsin.

THUJ BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

225

UUUUUUUUUUW^UUUUUUMU^WiUUU

Names of Bee - Keepers.

TYPE WRITTEN.

(SraiSCJCCEPiraBEBIQBPirSPiinilllinirgECiBiei

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a boi>k. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically [in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any in(}uiry in regard to the number
of names in a certiiiii state, or st-tites, will be an-
swered cheerfully. Tlie fonuer price was $2. .50
per 1000, but I now liave a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them

$2.00. W.Z. HUTt^HlNSON. Flint, Mich.

1895

To my customers and friends :
Please remember that W H.
Laws is again headquarters for
Italian queens. I breed notliing
but large, well-developed queens, either Golden
or Leatlier-coloreil. My (Tolden strain is from
Doolittle's original ONE HUNDRED dollar queen
sent me after he had reared over 1,000 queens
from her. For business and beauty, my bees arc
unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for
$4..5U. Tested, $1.25. Breeders, $3 to $1. Ad-
dress
4 95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark,

Please mention the Reuiew,

Direct-Draft Perfect

BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

PRICES

SOUTHERN HOME if tbikfB;;

Where you can buy queens as good as the best,
either from an imported t)r a Golden Italian
mother ; guaranteed to be free from paralysis,
at 75 cents each, 6, $4 00 ; 12, $7.50. Tested, *1.(XJ
each: 6, $5.i)0 ; 12,$9.(X). After .June Ist, .50 cents
each for untested ; 6, $2..5(); 12, $4.00. Tested, 75
cents each ; H, $4.00; 12. $7. .50. (iood breeders
$2.00 each. Straight five banded or " faultless "
queens, $2.50 each. Bees by the pound, 75 cents
a pound. All our golden, tested queens produce
five-banded workers. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Descriptive circular free. Address

HUFSTEDLER BROS..
l-95-9t. Clarksville, Texas.

GOLDEN ITALIAN

Queens by return mail from a breeder obtained
of Doolittle, which he selected and tested out of
1000, for his own special use, he says this queen
is a bettor one than the

World's Fair Oueen

which was valued at $50.00; also,

ITALIAN QUEENS

from one of A. 1. Root's best imported breeders.
Price of queens, untested, 55cts.;Six for $3.00;
12, for $3.50; tested, $1.00 each; tj, for $5.00, No
disease. I shall run 400 nuclei. Ask for free
circular, which may be worth dollars to you, if
you buy queens. Safe delivery, and satisfaction
guaranteed.

H. G. QUIRIN,
7.9.5-3t Bellevue, Ohio.

Please mention the Reuiew.

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knife.

BINGHAM

Patented May 20, 1870.

Perfecl Bee- Smoker and Honef Knives,

PATENTED 1878, 1882 and 1S92

Doctor.

..3'/2 inch Stove, per doz. $12,00--Mail, $1.75

11.00— "

1.50

6 00— "

l.tK)

4 75— "

.70

3.00— "

.50

7.00— "

.80

('onquoror 3

Large 'i'A

Plain 2

Little Wonder ... .1%

Honey Knife

BEST ON EARTH.
The three larger sizes have extra wide shields and double
coiled steel wire handles. These SHIELDS and HANDLES are
an AMAZING ("OM FORT-always cool and clean. The Plain
and Little Wonder have narrow shields and wire handles. .\ll Bingham Smokers for 1895 have all the
new improvements, viz : Direct Draft, Bent Cap, Wire Handles, Inverted Bellows, and are ABSO-
LUTELY PERFECT. All genuine Bingham Knives and Bee-Smokers are stamped with date of
patent Circulars sent free.

-35 tf T. F. BINGHAM, Abronia, Michigan.

226

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

You may be able to get Supplies at

SUT PRIGES!

LIVING PRICES?

But how does the Workmanship Compare with ours at

We are receiving daily, unsolicited, testimonials like this :

The a. I. Root Co. : The Dovetailed hives ordered of you some time ago arrived from
the railroad to day, and this evening I put one of the bodies together, and must say it was just fun.
Those dovtailed pieces were " voost der fit " In fact, everytliing seems to me so far to be belter than
the catalog promised or than I expected. I tiiank you for the promptness with wliich you filled the
order, and especially for the (luality of the goods. As regards lumber in hives and frames, it is far
ahead of any 1 ever saw, and 1 have seen a number ordered of other dealers, and, as for workman-
ship. I have seen nothing to compare with yours. S. L. PAYNE, Westfall, Oregon, May 5th

This explains our great flood of orders. Thirty-six page Catalog.

fO sweat steals down the heated cheeks and
aching back of llie bee-keeper as the re-
sult of standing in the hot sun puffing, blowing, smoking and brushing bees ; no time is
wasted in these disagreeable operations, and no stings received in resentment of such treat-
ment ; the honey is secured free from black or even the taint of smoke : the cappings are
not injured by the gnawing of bees ; and robbers stand no show wliatever. If tliere are any
broken burr combs they are cleaned up by the bees inside the hive, before the honey is re-
moved. Leading bee-keepers use the PORTER escape, and say that witliout a trial it is im-
possible to realize the amount of vexatious, annoying, disagreeable work that it saves. Tlie
cost is only 20 cts. each, or )j;2.2.5 per doz. As in the past, this escape is manufactured by the
Porters, but The A. I. Root^Go. has secured control of the sale for tMs country. Order of

your dealer or of jhe A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

Please Cut Out

This whole Advt.
;^l^u, and ITIail.

if^^ Please send me
iho Aiiipricaii Bee Jouriiiil
eacli week for Three
Months. At the end
of thai' time 1 will re-
mit $1 .00 for 1 year's
> ubscription. or 25c.
in case I decide to
d 3('outinue.

To tte PiiMiskrs of Aini>,ric„i,n llec Journal,

56 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL.

N(imc

P. O.

suite

J. W. K. SHAW S GO.

Will fill your orders for Italian queens
promptly by return mail. Queens are
bred from fine imported, and home-
bred mothers, and are large, healthy and
prolific. Tested (lueens, this season's
rearing, $1 (X) each, $10.00 per dozen. Un
tested, .50 cts. each, or $().()() per dozen.

Safe arrival and satisfaction guaran-
teed. Make money orders payable at
Loreauville.

I. W. K. SBAW & CO , Loreauville, La.

t.)

€)

" Will not have any hut tiie

DUVAliLi STOCK"

Tins is what one of my customers in ("alifoi'nia
has just written me is said of my boos for miles
around him, as they always come througli tlie
yeai.s in ))eller sliape and gatlier MORE
HONEY than any otlier boos.

(iood reports come from all (lu.'irlers from my
strain of bees, proving their good qualilit.s.
Young queens I'rom tins stock warranted purely
mated, oue queen $1.00, 0 for $4. ,50, 12 for $8.00.
Price of tested queens and descriptive circular
on application.

C. D. DUVHLtU, SpeneePVille, JVId.

le (§ee-)\eepeps' |\eviecL

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Iqterests of HoqeLj Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL VIIL FLINT, MICHIGAN, AUG. 10. 1895. NO. 8.

Work at ]V[icliigan.'s

Experimental

^piarv.

B. li. TAYLOR, APIARIST.
THK ECONOMY OF THE HIVE.

rnHE great ma-
l' jority of bee-
keepers to whom
this bulletin will
f;o have little
knowledge of the
internal workings
of the hive, if I
may judge from
the numerous
questions put to
me on this point,
and the intelli-
gent and successful management of bees
depends so much upon a thorough knowl-
edge of this that a few words upon it, which
may serve to stimulate inquiry on the part
of the novice, thougli they may disclose
nothing new to the skilled bee-keeper, will
be a fitting close to this annual report.

In a normal colony are three kinds of
bees : the queen or mother bee which pro-
duces all the eggs from which all the others,
at least all the workers, originate ; the work-
ers which are partially developed females,
and the drones or the male bees which some-
times originate from the eggs of what are
called laying workers. Each of these three

kinds requires for its proper development to
be reared in a different sized cell from the
others. The drone and the worker are rear-
ed in the cells of ordinary comb, but the
cells required for the former are about one-
fourth inch in diameter while those for the
latter are about one-fifth of an inch. For
the production of a queen, on the other
hand, a special cell is required and such are
seldom seen in the hive except when there is
a desire on the part of the bees to produce
queens either for the purpose of swarming
or to replace and old. Injured or failing one.
These cells first appear in the shape of a
small acron cup, on the lower edge or side
of comb where there is an inch more or less
of vacant space below, with the opening
downwards. These incipient cells may of-
ten be seen when there is no present inten-
tion on the part of the bees to make use of
them. When queens are desired, the queen,
if she is not entirely disabled, deposits an
egg, the proper one for the purpose in each
of several cups generally from three to
twenty, if for the purpose of superseding the
present (lueen a small number, and if to pro-
vide for swarming a larger number. In
about three days the egg hatches and the re-
sult is a tiny larva just visible to the naked
eye in a good light. So far the egg and
larva are just such as, if placed in a worker
cell, would produce a worker bee. The dif-
fence in the final results is produced by the
larger cell and an abundance of food. At
once upon the hatching of the egg the work-
ers begin to store the cup with food, a milk-

228

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

like, jelly at the same time elongating it as
nearly perpendicularly downwards as the
existing space will allow. If the colony is
in good condition the quantity of food-
royal jelly it is called — deposited usually
amounts to about half a common thimble
full — generally considerably more than the
growing queeu can consume. While the
feeding is going on the larva may be seen
worm-like floating on the center surface of
the jelly, and grows very rapidly. In nine
or ten days from the laying of the egg the
cell is completed and capped over. The in-
mate of the cell then undergoes a transfor-
mation into the imago form, that is, the
proper form of the queen though she is still
white and soft. A good capped cell has of-
ten something of the size and appearance of
the common peanut. At the end of about
sixteen days from the laying of the egg the
queen has attained her growth and if per-
mitted by the bees, cuts ofi' the cap of the
cell and emerges. If the process has been
undertaken lor the purpose of superseding
another, when one is hatched the inmates of
the remaining cells are destroyed. In such
case, in the ordinary course of things in
from one to two weeks thereafter, the young
queen mates. This takes place in the open
air and consequently if her wings are imper-
fect when she hatches or are mutilated after-
wards prior to mating, her usefulness is per-
manently destroyed. In about two days af-
ter mating she begins ordinarily to lay and
the old queen she is designed to supersede
may still be employed in the same way to the
extent of her ability and continue to do so
for some little time, and it is under such cir-
cumstances that two laying queens are some-
times found living agreeably in the same
colony.

If the young queens are being reared to
provide for swarming the cells containing
them will usually be in all stages of progress
at the time the prime swarm issues, from
those that are capped to the shallow cup
with nothing but a fresh laid egg. The
prime swarm is of course the iirst one and
is accompanied by the old queen and nor-
mally issues the first day of favorable weath-
er after the capping of the first queen cell.
In about a week the first young queen
hatches and shortly one or two others are
ready to hatch also and if the colony has no
desire to cast a second or after swarm they
are permitted to come out and the royal
cions fight for supremacy with their deadly

stings, and all but one are quickly despatch-
ed and the remaining cells are destroyed, but
if after swarming is meditated the workers
prevent their emergence by holding on the
caps of the cells for a day or two until the
hatched queen is able and there is a fit time
to lead off a swarm, in the meantime feed-
ing the imprisoned queens by means of the
queen's tongues which they protrude through
the crack they have cut in the cell. For af-
ter swarming the bees are not so particular
about a favorable time as in the case of a
prime swarm. The exigency of the circum-
stances often compels haste, for the impris-
oned queens are urgent in their demands for
admission into the world. It is during the
time of waiting that the fighting of the
queens may be heard by applying the ear to
the side of the hive. So, after-swarms are
liable to issue any hour of the day and it is
said the issuing has been known to take
place even by moonlight, while a prime
swarm usually issues only during fine weath-
er at some time between 8 o'clock a. m. and
1 o'clock p. m. If further after-swarming
is intended the same course substantially is
pursued until at the time of issuing of the
last swarm all queens are released and many
are sometimes found with that swarm, but
all but one are soon destroyed, as in other
cases, by royal combat. The young or vir
gin queens, as they are termed, are very
agile and ready and swift in flight, while
laying queens are comparatively heavy and
slow. It is probably on account of this
characteristic that after swarms often escape
to the woods without alighting in the neigh-
borhood of the apiary, a course which prime
swarms seldom venture upon. The mating
of virgin queens which accompany swarms
as well as the one which remains in the old
old hive takes place in the manner already
described.

Sometimes a queen fails without sufficient
warning to allow her to deposit eggs in
queen cells, or she may be destroyed by ac-
cident in which case if there are worker eggs
in the hive the bees usually proceed within a
day or two to form queeu cells over worker
eggs or young larvse by cutting away the cell
walls so as to make room for the cell re-
quired. The process then is the same as
when the egg is originally deposited. I say
they usually proceed thus, for bees seem to
follow no rule invariably. If they fail to do
so or if there are no worker eggs in the hive
the colony becomes helplessly queenless and

iilE BEE-KEEPERS' RhVIEW.

229

the bees gradually die off of old age, and in
the course of a few weeks or months, accord-
ing to the season of the year, the colony be-
comes extinct unless aid outside themselves
is rendered. Such (lueenless colonies fre-
quently develop laying workers which do-
|)osit eggs irregularly in worker cells, but
they produce only drones. In their eager-
ness to perpetuate their colony they some-
times even attempt to rear queens from such
eggs, but the result is never anything better
than drones.

In February, March and April the queen
begins the depositing eggs for the produc-
tion of workers in worker comb, one egg in
each cell. There are but few at first but
when soft maple and willow bloom in April,
they increase rapidly and are soon as numer-
ous as the bees of the colony can protect
from the cold, but in May the strength of
the colony increase, which allows an in-
creased amount of brood until by the middle
of June three-fourths of ttie comb in the hive
is occupied by brooti, and this is kept up to
a greater or less extent until about the mid-
dle of September when the queen ceases lay-
ing. To accomplish this the queen often
lays as many as three thousand eggs per
day.

The queen deposits eggs in drone cells
only in anticipation of swarming or of the
superseding of the queen herself, or in other
words, in anticipation of the rearing of
queens; and as she can only judge of the
prospect of swarming from the strength cf
her colony, not having any prescience of the
character of the coming season, thousands
of drones are reared in every apiary that
prove to be of no sort of benefit, indeed, it
may be safely said that not one in a thousand
of those reared at any time ever repays the
cost of his production.

The egg which is to produce a worker
hatches and the cell is cai)ped in the same
time required in the case of a queen, but the
worker does not emerge from the cell until
twenty-one days from the laying of the egg
has intervened, while the drone requires
about twenty-four days to bring him to full
maturity. A good queen lives and contin-
ues to be useful for from two and a half to
live years. The workers live from forty days
in the height of the honey season to about
eight or nine months from fall to spring.
They do all the work except the laying of
the eggs. Almost as soon as they are hatch-
ed they begin to help with the inside work

such as the feeding of the larvae, and in from
ten to sixteen days, according to circum-
stances, they give up home work and turn
their attention to the gathering of the ma-
terial for honey and bee-bread. The drone
does no work and, nevertheless, seldom lives
out half his days. When there no longer ap-
pears to be a necessity for his continued ex-
istence the workers drive him mercilessly
out into the cold to starve. Queenless col-
onies never drive out their drones, but in a
colony in a normal state no drone can be
found for more than half the year.

I shall have said what was intended on this
subject when I add that worker brood and
drone brood can be readily distinguished by
the much greater convexity of the cappings
of the drone brood ; these are almost semi-
sperical and prominent while those of work-
er brood are almost flat ; that the time re-
quired for the hatching of brood varies to
some extent owing to differences in temper-
a':ure — a high temperature hastening ma-
turity somewhat, and a low temperature
considerably retarding it, and that normal
swarming occurs only when considerable
nectar is being gathered, if we except an
occasional after-swarm just after the close
of a honey flow. With this exception
swarms that issue at other times are either
such as when all the bees of a colony leave
their hive with the intention of permanently
deserting it on account of starvation, or for
some other reason often hard of explana-
tion, which is called swarming out and oc-
curs generally in early spring, or such as
issue because of the excitement and confu-
sion which result when several young queens,
which have been reared in consequence of
the loss of the old one, hatch at about the'
same time. These are a sort of after-swarms
and are not frequently seen.

Lapeek, Mich.

July 1!>. isa^i.

-?i

-.^>P^^U'^r^4.k^<^

Reasons for Uniting the Bee Keepers' Union
and the North American.

E. T. ABBOTT.

rn HE question has been asked, shall we
'T' merge the Bee- Keepers' Union and the
North American into one society 'i I an-
swer, by all means, and I am glad that the
editor of the Review has taken up the sub-

230

THE BEE-KEEPERS ic

ject. One strong, w(^l organized society is
worth more than a score of societies which
lack cohesive power. Of course there is such
a thing as a society being so large that it
becomes unwieldy, but in this case it seems
to me that there is no occasion to have any
fears in that direction. If the North Ameri-
can is to continue and become the represen-
tative society of bee-keepers on this conti-
nent, it must offer something more than the
simple opportunity of a few days' social in-
tercourse once a year. It must do some-
thing ; it must stand for something ; it must
offer some inducements to bee-keepers to
enroll themselves in its membership, and to
continue this membership from year to year.
I was very much impressed by a remark
made by Dr. Lintuer, and a reply by Mr.
Smith at the annual meeting of the Associa-
tion of Economic Entomologists, held in
Washington last August. They were dis-
cussing the advisability of laws prohibiting
spraying during the fruit bloom, and Dr.
Lintner said, as reported in Insect Life,
" That his position hitherto had been that
laws ought not to be passed on the subject
unless it was amply proved that harm did
result to bees ; and even in that event, the
relative interests of the bee-keepers and
fruit-growers should be carefully weighed
since it has been showed by him that many
harmful insects also visited the blossoms,
and they would stand an equal chance with
the bees of being poisoned by the arsenical
mixtures."

Mr. Smith said that "the bee-keepers
would always have an advantage when it
came to securing legislative action, because,
while they represented a comparative small
number of individuals, they are well organ-
ized, and can secure action wheTe the much
larger body of fruit-growers would be pow-
erless."

Here is a hint to bee-keepers in more di-
rections than one. It seems that they have
the reputation of being well organized (V).
Would it not be well to make that reputation
a real fact ? I, for one, think that the union
of the two societies would be a step in Hiat
direction. If a question of " relative inter-
ests " comes up, are we now prepared to
show up our side of the question by present-
ing a united front ? I simply throw out
these remarks as food for thought.

St. Joseph, Mo.

J uly 2(J, 1895.

Amalgamation Not Desirable as the Two
Societies are of a Different Nature.

EUGENE 8EOOK.

EDITOR Review : — I have some hesitancy
in recommending a consolidation of the
N. A. B.-K. A. and the B.-K. Union.

It is not clear to me that such a union will
prove wise. An increase in the membership
of the North American would be desirable
from some points of view, and yet, I don't
know that numbers alone is necessary to ac-
complish all that we can reasonably expect
such an organization to bring about.

More money in the treasury would be a
good thing to have when we want a commit-
tee to do some work which is intended for
the benefit of bee-keepers at large — such for
instance, as the work of the gentlemen who
appeared before the R. R. Classification
committee last winter. They ought not to
be obliged to pay their own expenses when
working for the common good. And yet I
doubt if more could have been accomplished
for bee-keepers before that Committee if we
had expended $500.

Some writers have been lamenting the
failure of the North American to bring about
any good, and I want to cite that one act as
proof of ite right to exist.

Other efforts for the good of apiculture
have been made by the society through its
executive and other committees which have
not been heralded abroad.

I doubt if more effective work would be
done with the aid of the B.-K. Union. The
design of the latter, it seems to me, is a lit-
tle different. Its line of operations is in an-
other direction. As long as we can obtain
such able administration as has thus far
characterized its management, in the person
of Thos. G. Newman, it looks foolish to try
to reconstruct it or merge it into another
crganizatiou whose aim and object is educa-
tional and advisory.

Forest City. Iowa. July 2.'), 1895.

A Thorough, Practical Organization of Bee-
Keepers Needed for Their Best Interests.

J. B. case.

T N this fast age things are done in a few
X hours, or days, weeks or months that a
few years ago would have required months,
years or decades to accomplish.

■.rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

231

Most of these results are due to organiza-
tiu)t and combination.

Small manufacturing concerns even if
they make fair dividends, are at the mercy
of the large concerns who rule the markets.
The large plants can emi)loy trained mana-
gers, superintendents, and run their con-
cerns more systematically ; by combining
together they are able to rule the wages paid
and the prices at which their product is sold,
within certain limits, depending a great deal
upon the thoroughness of their organiza-
tion. The money invested brings larger
returns because everything is planned to
bring the cost of production down to the
lowest limit and to sell the product for the
highest possible price. The large number
of corporations, stock companies, trusts,
etc., now in existence, prove that in " organ-
ization there is strength."

The food we eat, clothing we wear, the
fuel many of us burn, material for houses,
farm injploments, etc., etc., are regulated,
more or less, by organized capital and deal-
ers. The wages of the laborer in the facto-
ries, etc., are regulated in a great measure by
what the capitalists will pay. The mechan-
ics are organizing in a desperate attempt to
get fair wages. The products of even the
farm are raised or lowered at the will of
combinations, la large cities the price of
milk is regulated to the producer, and con-
sumer by organized dealers. There are
some articles of minor importance or diffi-
cult to control, that as yet, suffer but little,
because cai)ital can make larger dividends,
in other investments.

When we see how by orgauizition of cap-
ital and combination ot interests the pro-
ducer is mulcted, and the consumer forced
to pay more than a fair price : how vast for-
tunes have been squeezed from the "dear
people ;" how Presidents havd been made,
congress ruled, judges appointed, courts
run, cities debauched, political rings rul-
ing Cities, Counties, Townships, and States,
labor oppressed, wages lowered, prices
ruled, the laws juggled with, uatil the guilty
rich escape and are often pro'ected in their
r^iscality, while the poor are denied their
rigiits, we ought to realize ilrit "organiza-
tion is puwer.'^

Capital, controlled by but few (compar-
atively) and united in a desire to obtain all
the " Almighty dollars " possible is lavishly
expendetl to still further increase its power.
To prove this it is only necessary to look at

the legislation of the past few years ; privi-
liges and donations without number have
been granted to corporations and rail roads,
manufacturing companies, etc.

By organization politicians rule the coun-
try ; while the liquor dealers defy the laws.

It seems to me that bee-keepers are so
nearly united in interests, that it should not
be hard to agree upon a practical, effective
organization. Our products are not imme-
diately perishable, the crops of honey and
wax are limited, and should sell for a fair
price. No doubt a few large honey produ-
cers receive fair to good prices above mar-
ket quotations ; but if honey was five or ten
cents per pound higher than it is, their rep-
utation as ^ood would still command a
higher price. Thousands, however, are sit-
uated differently, either by distance from
market, variableness of seasons, or some
other reason. Many of these ship here or
there or elsewhere to dealers or commission
men, some of whom are not responsible, or
do not know how to handle honey. So they
sell for what they see lit, making returns
when they please and for as niucli as they
please ; or, perhaps, not at all ; but as they
are agen s the producer can dd nothing for
lack of proof of rascality.

Now the officers of the "Union " (or what-
ever name it may be called) could send cir-
culars to all commission men and dealers
who advertise in the bee journals (and to
others if thought best) stating that the ob-
ject of the association was to protect mem-
bers, and, that any complaints would be
fully investigated and if found necessary
for the interests of the Union, published.
The honest dealers and commission men-
would court the fullest investigation, as only
rogues desire to hide their business methods
from their customers, and the dishonest ones
would Soon have no trade, ur^ they would be
reported.

I know sometliing about frauds in the
commission business, as, until nine years
ago, I lived in the peach section of New Jer-
sey, and peaches at that time were mostly
sent to commission men. As many as 28
cars were loaded one day at one R. R. sta-
tion. Since I have Ix en here, while I have
never lost personally, I know a good many
who have lost by commission men.

Again, a bee-keei)er who goes before the
Board of Freight managers for an association
of R. R.'s to jietition for reduced freight
rates on honey would have no influence, even

232

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

if he had ten or twenty tons of honey, but a
delegation representing hundreds of tons
would be respectfully listened to, and might
have their petition granted. Even in these
two ways the Union might save to each bee-
keeper many times the cost of membership
fees.

Now I have been giving the "dollar and
cent " side of the question, or a part of it,
at least, but it seems to me while good, prac-
tical work may be done along these lines,
that the most good to bee-keepers at large
may, and should, come from the meetings
of the Association.

The only time I ever attended the meet-
ings of the North American, was in Phila-
delphia in 1S7G. It seems to me that long,
dry, scientific essays and the question box
should be relegated to the journals where
one has choice of reading them or letting
them go. A lecture on some subject might
do, by a master of the subject, if interesting
and not too long.

How many essays are read I wonder at the
meetings of the Sugar Trust, or Standard
Oil Co., or when the managers of the K. R.'s
meet to confer ? They meet io plan Itow to
furward their common interests and to com-
pare results.

How many of the fifty or seventy-five
thousand delegates to the Y. P. S. C. E. at
Boston went with the exi)ectation of listen-
ing to dry essays ? I think they went to
2}lan how tliey could increase their society,
compare and correct the mistakes of the
past ; to gain enthusiasm for the future ;
and to get in touch with the aims of their
leaders that they might increase the useful-
ness of their society for tl;e future.

Unfortunately there are some very utiprac-
ticable ideas in this world ; instead of saying
or doing that which is right to the point,
such a roundabout way is taken to express
what is meant, that, like the multiplicity of
terms that give the lawyers and courts so
much trouble, that the decisions are gener-
ally in favor of the richest client, as they can
bring so many phrases and clauses couched
in so many obscure terms that it is not dif-
ficult to decide in favor of either side, and
the most money wins.

This is a practical age, of practical ideas
in many ways, and those who are not practi-
cal are getting left : old fashioned ideas and
ways won't do.

H the Bee-Keepers' Union and North
American be united for a practical object in

a practical way, and run by practical men, it
seems to me the union would be desirable.
I do not intend to relioct on any person in
the above, as I believe the Union has done a
good deal more for bee-keepers than we
realize it has, but we want its usefulness ex-
tended so that all may feel benefited and the
work of members so largely increased that
when we need legislation we may be in a
position to demand it.

Some people have cried for years, " It's no
use trying to do anytliiug," and while they
have been crying, others have been doing
the very thing said to be impossible and have
accomplished wonderful results. Some
things badly need being overhauled and
brought up to dale.

In answer to Mr. Heddou I would say I do
believe in calling things by their right
names. I believe a man wlio uses a place of
trust — for instance a bank officer — to steal
(embezzle) should be called a thief and
jnmished as a thief, yet how often his crime,
robbing the widow and orphan of perhaps
their all, is condoned and he goes forth un-
punished and is looked up to in admiration,
while the poor man unable to get work,
steals to obtain food for self or those depen-
dent upon him, is severt-ly punished. The
law may be interpreted lo shield thu guilty
rich, but how rare to so interpret it for the
poor and outcast.

I can not agree with Mr. H. that fraud
should not be published. It is just this
"false sentiment" of calling thieves, em-
bezzlers if that makes their guilt less — con-
doning crimes among the rich, exhibiting
sickly sentimentality over murderers, pro-
tecting gulity i)arties and practices because
the parties stand high, straining the laws in
certain cases and bringing in quibbles, that
has caused the law to lose its majesty. If a
person is capable and honest he deserves
that it sl'.onld be known. If a person is
tricky and dishonest, people have a riglit
to know it. Bradstreet and Dunn and all
the rest do not give an inkling of a man or
firm's honesty; notwithstanding tlieir rating,
banks andiirms/d// in business.

One class of pecplo I had reference to
were those who live in small towns or in the
country and are not quoted, many of them
perfectly good, who wish to t)uy on short
time, and send for a small bill of goods
pomising to pay in 80 or t>() days, or may wish
a can, or case, or barrel of honey. Now
nearly all are honest and pay up on time ;

IRE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

in

but once in a while there is a dishonest one
who will not pay. I believe there are a num-
ber of this class who make a practice of
sending for goods to ditterent dealers, and
to bee-keepers for honey, and they will as
long as they can do so, and it would be a
kindness to them, as well as to those who
suffer l)y them, to put a stop to their busi-
ness.

An organization of bee-keepers, aggres-
sive and defensive, upon a practical basis
for the best interest of all. and to enable us
to " keep up with the procession," it seems
to me is badly needed, but this article is get-
ting too long so I will stop.

Port Orange, Fla. July 25, 189;-..

Notes From Foreign Journals.

F. Li, THOMPSON.

kEiPziGER BiENENZEiTTTNG.— Pastor Llei-
schuiann, the " traveling uncle " or for-
eign itemizer for the Leipziger Bienenzei-
tung, apropos of Query !).^>7 in the American
Bee .Journal, says that in the past year a dis-
pute arose between the native and migratory
bee-keepers on the Rhine, on account of
alleged overstocking. The local authorities
sided with the stationary bee-keepers ; but
after many negotiations, an agreement was
reached, under the management of the
State authorities, whereby on every hektare
of land a certain number of colonies belong-
ing to migratory bee-keepers was allowed
to be placed, in order to test the matter.
What this number was he does not say. We
would be interested in knowing.

I take this opportunity of saying to for-
eign readers of these notes, who write for
the journals herein quoted from, that any
information relative to overstocking would
be appreciated. The careful statistics of
apiculture in foreign countries would seem
to indicate that it is possible for them to ar-
rive at conclusions a little more definite than
the varying answers to (^uery O.W in the A.
B. J. show to prevail here.

La Revue Internationale. — The te-st for
adulteration of wax, quoted from the Re-
vue last month, was found to be completely
wrong by a correspondent who tried it. The
correct form is doubtless that (juoted below
from L'Apiculteur.

Chas. Dadant relies on the specific gravity
test with alcohol and water as given in
Gleanings, and on the test by mastication.
In the latter, the temperature of the mouth

in chewing reduces mineral wax to a paste,
while beeswax merely crumbles. This test
is not certain when the quantity of mineral
wax is small. He takes the opportunity to
deliver a sideshotat the chewing gum mania
in America.

The juice of the white poppy is said to in-
stantly stop the pain and prevent swelling
from bee stings. L'Agriculteur Lorrain.

Foul brood has reappeared in several of
the apiaries cured last year with formic acid.
One correspondent thinks this remedy only
eificacious during the heat of summer, as it
does not evaporate in spring. The editor
calls attention to the fact that foul brood re-
appears under other treatment as well ; but,
as it is always milder the second time, it
only needs perseverance in the method em-
ployed to secure a complete cure tlie second
year.

L'Apiculteur. — Test for ceresin in wax,
given by Abbe Butet : Melt a very small
piece of suspected wax in one vessel, and
dissolve some soda in another in a little hot
water, which pour boiling on the wax ; if
pure, the wax will be completely saponified
after cooling, and will all run into soap on
being pressed between the thumb and fin-
ger. It it contains ceresin, the wax alone
will be saponified, and the ceresin will re-
main in the form of a much firmer paste.
Wax of known purity should be treated first,
to make the test conclusive. This will not
show the presence of vegetable wax, as thbt
siponifies.

M. Hommell gave a simple metiiod for
finding whether wax was adulterated, which
however does not indicate the adulterant, as
follows : Make cylinders of paper by wrap-
ping around a pencil. Pour the melted wax
in these, thus obtaining it in the form of
little sticks. Place these sticks in a glae^s
tube filled with benzine. If pure, the wax
dissolves entirely, and with some rapidity;
if not, it dissolves incompletely, leaving de-
posits of foreign material.

" Artificial swarming has given excellent
results, which have made it almost univer-
sal. Actually none but those who work by
routine, or else amateurs in poetic emotions,
wait, patiently or impatiently, for the issue
of natural swarms." "A natural swarm al-
ways works with more vigor than an arti-
ficial one. This is a simple fact which can-
not prejudice us against artificial swarming,
for of two advantages, the more certain and
considerable must be chosen." A. Maigsan.

234

THE BEE-KEEPERS' MEVIEW.

A curious theory concerning the utility of
drones, which has been brought up before in
La Revue Internationale, is reviewed by A.
de /oubareff, a correspondent in Russia,
apropos of an experience of Fodolsky, a
Russian bee-keeper, as follows : " After the
flight of the bees in front of their hive,
many drones may be seen so weak that they
can scarcely spread their wings to fly away.
After having examined more than a hundred
to find the cause, M. Podolsky ascertained
that they had all lost their copulative capac-
ity, having their spermatophores withered
up. To ascertain the cause of such a defor-
mity, supposing they were impotent from
birth, he opened with every precaution '.)8
colls of drones at the age of 20 days, drew
them out and found that they all had enor-
mous genital organs. Assured that his sup-
position was wrong, he commenced to ex-
amine the drones whicli si)orted with the
workers, and found only seven to ten per
cent, with organs in a normal state. Drones
expelled from the hive by the bees or sliel-
tered at the bottom had unsound organs.
The cause of this deformity TVI. Podolsky
lays to the workers, whose organs, though
less developed than those of their mother's,
do not cease to excite their instinct for the
males, which is confirmed by the fact of
laying workers. * * * After having de-
stroyed all male larvte, he has found that the
colony became visibly feeble, without energy
or agility, and that it produced less brood
and honey than with the presence of
drones."

If as Mr. McArthur thinks, on page .''>78 of
the American Bee Journal, laying workers
may be an important factor in transmitting
characteristics, and if as he says they are
pre'ient at all times (compare p. 21)7 of the
Revikw for ISi)4), this possible exciting of
the workers to laying by the drones would
be another point in their favor. When nt)W
the foregoing is com [tared with a paragraph
by llerr Reeiten in the A. B. J. for March 2,
IS'.KJ, page 2('>S, and with Mr. Haaty's '" grain
of fertile worker salt" (Revikw, page 70) —
the oi)portunities for theorizing are com-
plete.

Ij'Apiooltoke. — Dr Dubiiii, after review-
ing the various means for extending the use
of honey, comes to the conclusion that there
is really but one, that of advertising in the
daily papers of largest circulation, and in
the agricultural periodicals, calling attention
in such advertisements to honey as food,

medcine and for domestic purposes, and to
the advantage of getting it direct from bee-
keepers.

The editor prefers oiien-air feeding, if
done towards evening, and over a large
enough surface. Though the strongest col-
onies get the lion's share, the others do get
a proportionate part, in his experience.

Pollen-bound combs are very desirable
for spring use, but if they are too numerous,
says Dr. Dubini, the pollen can be re-
moved by soaking in water until softened,
then turning the combs in the extractor.

If it is ever necessary to go through the
long and tedious process of extracting dead
bees from comb in hives whose bees have
died in winter, it may be shortened by using
the proper instrument. Dr. Dubini uses a
piece of wire of a thickness corresponding
to our No. 10, one end of which is flattened
with a hammer, edged with a tile, slightly
curved, and rounded so as to be like a little
spoon. When this is introduced into a cell
adjoining that containing the bee and given
a brisk upward movement, presumably not
enough to tear the cell wall much, the bee is
extracted in an instant.

Editor Von Rauschenfels bhinks apicul-
ture is indeed the poetry of agriculture, if
Mrs. Atchley's plan of non-swarming by
caging is followed, as given on page 2?> of
the Review. But he seems to be speaking
ironically.

Abvada, Colo. June 29, 18!r>.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLTr.

W. Z. HUTCHIBSON. Editor and Proprietor.

Teems :— f 1.00 a year in advance. Two copiPB
Sl.tH) ; tlireo for $2.70 ; five for $I.(H) ; fen or more,
TOcontseach. If it is (losiro<l to hav(( thBliEVIffiW
Htopped at tlio expiration of tlio time paid for,
I)lease say ho wlion subscribinf?. othorwiso, it
will be continued.

FLINT. MICHIGAN, AUG. 10. 1895.

The Honey Cuop will be light this year,
and if honey were a staple like wheat and
potatoes the i)rice would climb up, up, up :
but it is a luxury, and when the price begins
to go up, people stop buying it. The prices
may go up a Utile., but not much, I think,
and I should not hold honey hoping for an
advance in prices.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

235

Crimson Clover as a lioiiey forage plant
is beiufi talked about considerably of late.
There is yet a d()ul)t as to its.abilily to witli-
stand our northern winters. The director
of our State experiment station says that the
iudicatious nearly all point to its inability.

Mr. Heddon says that with the exception
of the first two years of his bee-keeping he
has secured all of the nectar that nature has
furnished in his locality, but he gets it now
with one-fourth the labor that he did at first.
Judging from my own experience, 1 think
that he is speaking within bounds.

«^<«^«ir«.li»1r^

Dr. Miller " thinks," in the American
Bee, Journal, that the doing without a veil
with some bee-keepers looks a good bit like
stubbornness, and I agree with him. A vet-
eran bee-keeper called upon him one day
and was offered a veil. ( )h, no, he never
used a veil ; couldn't get him to touch one,
but he kept the smoker puffing about his
head all of the time, and the Dr, thought if
he'd been working with the bees it would
have been a saving of time to have worn a
veil.

Foul Brood is not transmitted through
the queen ; at least, this seems to be the de-
cision of all practical bee-keepers who have
had to do with the disease. Cheshire claims
to have found the spores of the disease in
the ovaries of the queen, but I have yet to
know of a case where the disease was com-
municated to a healthy colony by the intro-
duction of a queen taken from a diseased
colony. Mr. McEvoy, the foul brood In-
spector of Ontario, says that he has taken
home a great many queens that have been
removed from diseased colonies, and used
them in his apiary, and never has disease
been transmitted by this course.

Food, temperature and moisture are prob-
ably the three greatest factors to be consid-
ered in the successful wintering of bees. In
commenting upon Mr. Boardman's asser-
tion, and my sanction, as to the destruction
to bees when a low temperature and moist-
ure meets as allies, Mr. Heddon asks what
we are going to do with his wintering of 74
colonies with cold and moisture present in
the extreme. Those colonies had nothing
l)ut pure sugar stores and were thus able to
endure the cold and moisture without hav-

ing their intestines overloaded. It is the
ordinary stores combined with cold and
moisture that makes the havoc. Jjeave out
one of the factors and the combination is
broken. I think it is easier to keep our bees
warm and dry in winter than to remove their
natural stores and substitute sugar.

Numbering Hives and the best way of do-
ing this is being written about in (Jleaninys
by Dr. Miller. Some way I feel like going
back a little further and asking why we
should number our hives ? If a man is given
to experimentation, to keeping track of all of
his queens, their ages, the amount of honey
stored by their resi)ective colonies, etc., then
there is an occasion for using numbers. If
it is desired to put each hive back upon the
same stand when taking them from the cel-
lar in the spring, there may be another use
for numbers. My brother and myself once
tried to do something in these lines, espec-
ially in keeping a little history of each col-
ony, but it was abandoned in a year or two.
I don't say that in the right man's hands
something might not be done by following
out this plan, but in the ordinary apiary run
for honey I fear it would be time wasted.

SIZE AND SHAPE OF BROOD NESTS.

Mr. Heddon says in his paper that " He
who fits his hives to successful wintering at
the expense of the size, length, depth or style
of frame that he prefers for other advan-
tages, makes an awful mistake." From an
experience with thousands of hives he be-
lieves that the depth and length of the brood
nest have no bearing whatever on the winter-^
ing of the bees, but he does find a difference
in favor of hives not more than eight frames
wide. He says further that bees will not
breed any faster in deep combs that are now
being advocated than in the Bingham frame
which is only five inches deep and twenty-
two long. I may also add that some are
saying that the bees do not rear brood to so
great an extent when a divisible brood
chamber is used, and that the (pieen is likely
to neglect one section. I have used such
hives in large numbers now for years, and
have never seen anything of the kind. There
is usually more brood in the lower section
just as there is more brood in the lower part
of an ordinary frame of a single story hive,
but, at the height of the breeding season,
this difference is very slight.

236

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

DISPENSING WITH HONEY BOAKDS.

Some five or six years ago there was a dis-
cussion of the causes that led to the construc-
tion of brace and burr combs, and of meth-
ods to follow to avoid their construction.
The decision seemed to be that they were
caused by small top bars and uneven spac-
ing. The remedy was, of course, to use
deeper (thicker) top bars of such a width
that, when accurately spaced, there would
be an exact bee- space between them. There
was little diff culty in making the top bars of
the right size, but when it came to accurate
spacing, simple as it may seem, there was
difficulty. It has not yet been solved, as the
bee journals are yet describing metliods for
spacing. Some assert that top bars of the
right dimensions combined with proper
spacing do away with the building of l)urr
combs. Others say that the trouble is only
lessened, but not sufficiently to be of practi-
cal benefit. Let us suppose that this plan is
a complete remedy for burr combs, what
have we gained ? We have been able to dis-
pense with the honey board, that's all.
Slatted honey boards can certainly be made
in large quantities, at ten cents each, and a
good profit made at that, and they will last a
life time. The interest on the money is all
of the expense, and this cannot be more than
one cent a year on each board. If the honey
board has any advantages at all, its cost does
not cut much of a figure. Laying aside the
cost, what are the objections to the honey
board ? The only one that I can think of is
that it must be pried off when the brood nest
is opened. But right here comes in a point
that it seems to me has been overlooked.
What does a practical honey producer want
to be opening his brood nests for ? As a rule
there is no necessity for opening them. It
is only in special cases that such treatment
becomes necessary. A good bee-keeper can
nearly always tell from outside appearances
whether all is well inside the hive. Now the
question arises, is it not better to have our
hives so arranged that we can do our regu-
lar, needed work to the best advantage, in
preference to having them adapted to some
sjiecial work that is only occasionally neces-
sary ? In the manipulations that occur
during the honey season it may be necessary
to remove a super from the top of the hive
perhaps half a dozen times. Isn't it better
that this operation should be performed
without the muss, and bother of even a few

broken combs, even if we do have to pry off
a honey board once in the season, and, as a
rule, it need not come off oftener than once
in three years. Perhaps some will say, why
not have box hives and done with it ? No,
when it i'x necessary to examine a brood nest,
it is very essential to be al)le to perform the
operation, but it is poor management to lay
aside every day advantages for those that
can be used only occasionally.

There is still another side to this question,
and that is that when we use frames equip-
ped with spacers, we have destroyed that
most convenient function of the hanging
frame, the lateral movement, and such
frames can be used only by making a larger
hive and putting in a dummy at the side that
must first be removed before a frame can be
taken out. Big, bungling top bars, frames
with some spacing arrangement attached, a
larger hive, and a dummy that must be pul-
led out before a frame can be removed, and
all for what ? To get rid of a honey board
that is often needed as a queen excluder.

AMALGAMATION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN AND
THE UNION.

Besides the articles that appear in this
issue I have received quite a number of short
communications. None have opposed it,
but some have gone so far as to say that they
believe both societies have outlived their use-
fulness. Others thought it of no importance
whether they were united or not. One man
wished me to tell what advantage it would be
to the Union to have the North American
" hitched on to it." It seems to me that it
would be just as appropriate to ask what
advantage it would be to the North Ameri-
can to have the Union " hitched on to it."
On both sides there should be an apprecia-
tion of the advantages. Neither Society
should feel that the other is " hitched on to
it. " There should be a free, willing, happy,
joyous, wholesouled, earnest union in which
all will join with unbounded enthusiasm.
Unless this can be done, we better not join
forces. The advantage to the Union would
be. there would be a face to face discussion
eacii year that would be of great advantage.
There is scarcely an organization that does
its best unless its members have a grand
meeting once a year. This friction of mind
against mind in an actual personal encounter
and consultation is a great generator of
ideas. Better work will be done by the Union

THii: BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

237

when its members hold iuinual meetings.
When tlie lluiou holds iinuual uieetiugs at
which may be discussed subjects pertaining
to practical apiculture as well as those re-
lating to the Uuiou as it is now conducted,
of what use is the Nc^rth American? Or, if
the North American would take up the work
of the Union as now performed, of what use
is the UuionV In short, of what use is there
in having two societies when one society
rightly organized can do all the necessary
work? One society can be more cheaply
conlucted than two and will be stronger and
more prosi)erous. I kno a' that the character
of the work of the two societies is somewhat
different, but the difference is not of such a
character that an amalgamation of the two
Societies could not conduct successfully all
of the branches of the two as now managed.

Mr. Heddon in his paper commends Mr.
Newman for taking off his gloves in oppos-
ing the amalgamation just as he always does
a wrong. I see nothing wrong in the pro-
posed union of forces, or in a discussion of
the proposed union. It may not be advis-
able, but it is not wrong. If it isn't advis-
able, I don'twautit. I started the discussion
because I thought it a good thing to do, hut
if the discussion shows that I was mistaken
I shall rest satisfied.

Notwithstanding that I said a month ago
that I had no selfish personal ends in view in
seeing the two societies united, the story has
been started that I wished to get the two
Sjcities united and then get control of the
amalgamation, in short, to become its Sec-
retary-Manager. Nothing was farther from
my mind. Under no consideration would I
accept the position. I doubt the advisability
of any bee-keeping editor accepting that
position if such an amalgamation should be
effected. There is a certain class that would
be jealous of the unlucky editor.

THE COMING MEETING OF THE NOETH
AMERICAN.

The North American will hold its annual
convention in the auditorium of the Normal
school, at Toronto, Out., C mada, on the 4th,
.')th and r.th of Sep., the first session being
on the evening of the 4th. Headquarters
will be at the Palmer House, corner of
King and York sts. This is a st^'i.OO a day
hotel, but the price has been reduced to ^1.75
or to only !j;l..")0 when two occupy one bed.

emernber, this is during Canada's great

Industrial Fair when no reduction at all
ought to expected. There are probably oth-
er good hotels in Toronto, but it is much
more pleasant to all stop atone place. By the
way, the proprietor of the hotel, Mr. Palm-
er, is the same man who was proprietor of
the hotel where we stopped and were so
well treated when the North American met
a few years ago in B antford.

lu Canada and Michigan a round trip
tickrft can be bought at the price of a single
fare. Possibly the satne rates may be given
in other S:ate-i besides Michigan, but of
this I am not informed. The Trunk Line
and Cdntral Traffic Associations have given
a rate of one one-third fare provided 100
persons are i)resent who have come on some
legitimate form of railroad transportation.
These two Associations embrace the territory
between New York on the East, Chicago and
St. Louis on the West and the ( )hio river on
the South. In order to take advantage of
these rates a certificate must be obtained of
the agent when the ticket is bought, and this
ticket must be signed at the convention by
t'le Secretary and an agent of the Associa-
tious, and if presented within three days of
the close of the convention a return trip
ticket can b^ obtained at one-third fare.
These certiflc itos are not kept at some of the
smaller stations, and when this is the case a
regular ticket must be bought to the nearest
large city where such ceretificates may be
secured, and then another ticket bought to
Toronto and a certificate secured. Those
living near the territory where excursion
tickets may be bought at half price, may find
it cheiper to buy a regular ticket to the place
where excursion tickets can be bought, and
there buy an excursion ticket. For persons
coming long distances, the certificate plan
will probably bo the best. Each one must
investigate and decide for himself which
plan will be the best.

While the program is not yet complete the
following can be announced: —

The l^ee-Koen'^rs' riiioii: ifsPast, Present and
Future, -T. (i. Newman, Cliicago, 111.

Amalgamation of the North American Bee-
Keopers' Association and tiie I^ee-Keepers'
Union,— Doctor ('. ('. Miller, Marengo. 111.

Ad'lress of Welcome, etc. ,— Hon. John Dryden,
Minister of .Vgriculturc, Toronto, t'anada.

A short address, Jae., Mills. M. A., L. L. D.,
President Ontario Agricultural ('oUege, (iuelpli,
CaiiiuJa .

Introducing Queens, -S. T. Pettit, Belmont,
Ont.

Bee Paral.VBJs: What wo know and should do
about it, -E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.

238

THE BEE-KEEPERS' RE VIE A.

Mistakes of Bee -Papers and Bee-Journals,—
Allen Pringle, Selby, Ont.

How bee-keepers mighr. receive more benefit
from the Experiment Stations,— R. L. Taylor,
Lapeer, Mich.

Wtio shall winter bees out of doors, who in the
cellar?— F A.(iemmill, Stratford, Ont.

What is indicated by color in Italian Beos?—
.J. P. H Brown, Augusta, Georgia.

The Proper Size of a Brood Nest and how it
Shall be decided.— Jas. Heddon, Dowagiac, Mich.

The Surest and liest way of Raising a Oop of
Comb Honey,— B. Taylor, Forestville, Minn.

S(mie Things of Interest to Bee-Koepers,— G.
M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.

Legislation for Boe-Keepers,— R. McKnight,
Owen Sound, Ont.

eXXRTXOXED.

Shall Bee - Keeping be a Specialty or a
Side- Issue 1

Some of my readers may be thiukiug of
making a specialty of bee-keepiug, aud oth-
ers who are uow specialists may be thinking
of taking up some other business aud mak-
iug a side-issue of bee-keeping. For the
consideration of these two classes I publish
the following from Mr. Heddon's Quarterly.

" In April 2.")th A. B. J., Rev. Abbott is on
a still hunt for the bee-keeping specialist.
In his talk on page 270 he gives honey pro-
ducing the black eye of not being able to
stand alone. He says : ' If there is a sin-
gle man, woman or child in the country,
with no other source of income, let him, her
or it come to the front aud explain how it is
done.' He adds : ' I kuow how it is done
by many who claim to be specialists. One
has a newspaper, another has a farm, anoth-
er lias a government job, etc' All of this is
to tlie point of showing that honey produc-
tion cannot be made a paying busiuess if
followed as a sole occupation. Will Mr. Ab-
bott please to explain, then, how in the name
of common sense it can be made to pay as a
side-issue V All the arguments we have ever
heard in that line, failed to meet our reason.
Side issues uever pay ; they are only sup-
posed to because they are run in such a way
that while their incomes are fully realized,
their costs are never kept track of. We are
attracted to them because of the tendency to
seek diversion in variety in busiuess. We
get tired of the old, aud instead of industri-
ously sticking to our adopted aud most prof-
itable Hue, we turn aside and go farther
around to ' get there.'

But dear Bro. Abbott, what is meant by
the word 'specialist':" We deline it this
way : A man is a special honey producer if
he makes that his leadiwj or ' spe(!ial ' busi-
ness. Neither McGormick, Oliver nor Stu-
dehaker can say that they do not deal in
real estate, and that reaper, plow aud wagon
making is the only source of income. But

where did they get their capital with which
to buy real estate ? We are the ' newspaper'
fellow, no doubt, to whom Bro. Abbott al-
ludes. We are also a supply dealer ; why
have we these damaging attachments ? How
did we come to make the mistake of attach-
ing these expensive side issues ? Let us tell
you and give you an estimate of what they
have cost us. Twenty six years ago we be-
gan bee-keeping with a small fruit attach-
ment. We very quickly learned the mistake
of this attachment, and we dropped it. With
this clog removed we made money faster
with every moment of our time devoted to
honey production than at any other time of
our life, volume considered. Next came a
little supply dealing which we have never
boomed and hardly encouraged ; it came
about in this way : In our honey producing,
we discovered what we thought, yes what we
knew to be valuable methods and devices.
The human instinct to let our light shine,
caused us to write for bee journals, describ-
ing methods and implements which we
thought to be new and original. Readers
seemed to think so, and began writing us for
hives, etc. This is the way our supi)ly trade
began ; wholly unsolicited, and not until the
fourth year did we issue a circular which was
done as an economy rather than to increase
our supply trade.

Now about the newspaper : We had made
the net profits of our apiary buy another.
We had made the two buy a third cue. and
made the three put a surplus of cash in the
bank. We had thought seriously of the
fourth, our ardor being checked by the com-
plication of swarming. Had we put this
bank honey money a", interest, Bro. Abbott
might have called us a specialist, but that
we put it in a newspaper which for two years
we had to bolster up with the profits from
our apiaries, Mr. Abbott presupposes we are
not a specialist. We started this Quarterly
with honey money, and now, like that of our
newspaper, being self-supporting, are we not
a specialist ? Honey producing pays us the
best of any business we have or ever had. It
is the parent of all the others, and in the
matter of profit, is still ' king bee.' Having
shown that honey producing alone, with us
has been sufficiently profitable to buy other
lines of business, and after dividing our
thought with these other liups. is still profit-
able, is it not clear that, rightly managed, it
is a good business and would have been still
more profitable with us had we concentrated
our thoughts entirely upon it ? We know
and we think Mr. Abbott can see, that our
experience (newspaper and all) is evidence
of the profits of specialty in bee-keeping,
and that we made the mistake of a lifetime
iti attaching side issues to our specialty.
We find we have made our life work harder
and less profitable by so doing. Mr. Abbott
needn't think that our newspaper is needed
as a source of our income. We iiave another
and better one than that, and that is our
patent. Of course we are selling out our
capital stock aud tlic tinifi is drawing near
when that will all be sold. I5ut that has
nothing to do with the fact tiuit iioney pro-
ducing can, at the present time, be made to

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

239

pay better than ever before, and the more of
a specialty one makes of the business, the
hirtrer per cent of net profits ho will receive."
Where there is a reasonable assurance of a
crop each year, or even each alternate year,
Mr. Heddon's views are in accordance with
my own, but in those localities where only a
partial crop may be expected once in three
or four years, it must be a rich man indeed
who can indult;e in specialty. Mr. Heddon's
idea that if a business will not pay as a
specialty it will not pay as a side-issue, is in
the main true : but here is the view that I
take of bee-keeping as it now exists in many
parts of this country. As I said a few
months ago when discussing " The Future
of Bee-Keeping," there are many men scat-
tered over the country who have done well
in making a specialty of bee-keeping, but
can never do so again in their present local-
ities under the present climatic and forage
conditions. As the years go by these men
become poorer and poorer. They have a
faith in bee-keeping and a love for it, and
will not abandon it, neither will they add to
it some other business, because they are
specialists and believe in speciality. It
might be the best thing for these men to
abandon bee-keeping. I don't say that it
wouldn't, but they have a thorough knowl-
edge of bees, they have the bees, the honey
house, the implements, etc., and occasionally
get a fair crop of honey, and when there is
no crop there is very little work, and if they
can take up some other business that will
still allow them to work with the bees when
necessary, I think that it is a good thing to
do.

In closing I must call attention to the faint
star of hope that appears in the prospective
changes in forage plants. The old red clo-
ver that has been so universally grown is
rapidly becoming a thing of the past. In-
sect enemies are the cause. In its place is
coming alsike, which is a magnificent honey
plant, and it is possible that crimson clover,
in the warmer portions of tlie country, may
yet be the peer of alsike. In the West, al-
falfa is already furnishing car loads of hay
and tons of honey. I still have my doubts
about sweet clover, but there may be local-
ities where it will yet prove a large factor in
honey production. I must admit that these
prospective changes in forage plants make
me hopeful that bee-keeping as a specialty
may yet be depended upon in some local-
ities where a specialist now would starve.

Growing Basswood From the Seed.

Although the growing of a basswood forest,
or of a sufficient number of trees to make
them of value as honey producers, is the
work of a life time — no, that is putting it
too strong, is the work of years, it is a great
deal better to encourage the planting of
these trees, than of others that produce no
honey. Mr. Heddon mentions, in his (Juar-
terli/, one basswood in his vicinity, a " black
basswood." he calls it, that had finished
blossoming when the others were just begin-
ning, and he is going to save the seeds and
plant them. As every one may not know
how to treat the seeds to secure the best re-
sults I copy the following from the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. It was contributed by
Geo, W, Stephens of Denison, Iowa.

"The seed should be gathered when ripe,
and mixed with moderately damp sand and
packed in a box in the cellar where it will
not freeze. Wet the sand two or three times
during the winter, so that it will not become
too dry. In the spring, sow broadcast in
open ground or in drills, as you would peas,
and cover very lightly. The roots start first,
and grow down into the ground ; the sprout
starts afterward, and graduly assumes an
erect position. If they are covered too deep-
ly they will never rise. Less than a quarter
of an inch is enough. The bed should be
kept damp, and to prevent evaporation it is
well to cover with muslin, as in a cold
frame."

Why the Best Size of Brood Nest is a
Question of Locality.
I really am becoming tired of this discus
sion in regard to the best size of a hive.
Perhaps I would not, but it seems as though
so many of the correspondents are arguing
at cross purposes ; that is, they are right, and
yet they are wrong. In short, it seems as
though they were all both right and wrong.
One man details his management and ex-
perience and shows most conclusively, that,
for him and his management, a small hive is
best. Another man in a different locality
and with a different system, perhaps, shows
that a large hive is the one for him. Mr. J.
E. Hand, of Ohio, sums up the matter in
Gleanincjs in a way that seems to me to ex-
plain the whole question. His views are not
new, but they are so well put that there is
much satisfaction reading them. He says : —

" I have read with much interest the dis-
cussion on the subject of large v. small brood
chamber hives. This is a subject of vital
importance to the bee-keeper, and one on
which depends his success or failure in the

240

THE BEE-KEEPERS' EEVIEV^

production of surplus honey, perhaps, as
much as on any other one thing except, pos-
sibly, location. I am persuaded it is all a
matter of location, and length and time of
honey flow, that must ever decide this ques-
tion of whether a large or small brood cham-
ber hive will give the best results in surplus
honey. There can be no iron-clad rules laid
down in regard to this matter, but it should
be carefully considered and decided upon by
each bee-keeper for himself, and according
to his location, and time and duration of
honey flow, etc. Because a bee-keeper in
Colorado has splendid success in the produc-
tion of comb honey with a twelve or even
fourteen frame hive, it does not signify that I
should not have as good or even better suc-
cess in my location with an eight-frame hive
than with his large hive.

I will try to explain why it is altogether a
matter of location. In the first place, every
bee-keeper in the North (especially in Cen-
tral Iowa, where I have kept bees for the
past twelve years) knows that the hardest
thing for us to do is to get our hives full of
bees and brood in time for the white clover
harvest, which usually begins about June
1st, after which basswood opens about July
Ist, and lasts from five to twenty days, ai
cording to the season, conditions of the
weather, etc., 21 days being the longest flow
I have ever known from basswood in Iowa ;
and as we do not have any surplus from fall
flowers, our harvest closes with basswood,
about July 10 or 15. Now, then, it is con-
ceded by our most scientific apiarists that a
bee does not become a field-worker until
about IG days old : and as it takes 21 days
from the egg to the bee, then 37 days must
elapse from the time the egg is deposited by
the queen until it becomes a field-worker ;
hence all eggs laid after 37 days prior to the
honey flow which yields your surplus be-
comes worse than useless, because they be-
come consumers instead of producers ; and
it has cost much honey and time of the work-
ers to raise them, which might otherwise
have been employed in gathering honey from
the fields.

Now, then, 37 days prior to July 1st brings
us back to May 23rd ; hence it will be seen
that all eggs, in order to produce workers for
the basswood crop, which ends the surplus
for the year, must be deposited by the 23rd
of May. Now, then, brother bee-keepers of
Central Iowa, how may swarms would you
have in ItK) that would have eight frames, or
even six, full of brood by May 23rd ? After
an experience of 12 years in Iowa I will ven-
ture to say that, one year with another, you
would not have 25 hives out of 100 that would
have even six frames full of brood by the
1st of June. Some seasons it is so cold dur-
ing the fore part of May that it is impossi-
ble for the bees to care for so much brood at
that season.

Now, in view of these facts how absurd it
would be to advocate a ten, twelve or fifteen
frame hive for such a location ! Why, any
practical honey i)roducer can see at once that
his surplus would go to fill up those empty
combs in that brood chamber, instead of go-
ing into the sections. As for me, I want a

brood chamber for brood, and it must be of
a size that an average queen and colony of
bees can fill with bees and brood in time to
gather the white honey whenever it comes.
After years of careful study and experi-
menting along this line, with the above
named conditions to face with eight and ten
frame hives side by side, I have decided in
favor of the eight- frame every time, for
comb honey. This is for Central Iowa. On
the other hand, in a location where the hon-
ey flow does not come so early in the season,
aud continues all summer, an entirely dif-
ferent system would have to be practiced.
For instance, in the San Joaquin Valley, in
California, the surplus is gathered princi-
pally from alfalfa and fall weeds, and other
flowers; in fact, nearly every thing that
blooms yields honey to some extent : but
their swarming is all over long before the
harvest begins ; and the more swarms they
can get, the more honey they expect ; and
the parent colony has plenty of time to build
up and get ready for the harvest from alfalfa
which continues to yield during the entire
summer, and sometimes even to the first of
November.

Now, in such a location as this it would be
foolishness to advocate an eight- frame hive,
for it is very important that the queen be
coaxed to lay her fullest capacity to produce
workers for such a continuous honey flow.

No, brother bee-keepers, this subject of
large or small brood chamber hives can nev-
er be governed by any fixed rules, but must
ever be a matter of location, and time and
duration of the honey flow from which we
obtain our surplus.

I will close by saying that I have no pet
theory to bolster up, and will use the hive
that gives me the best results in the poduc-
tion of honey, every time, if I can find it,
and I think I have found it at last ; and if
this escapes the waste-basket I will at some
future time tell the readers of this journal
the hive I like best of all, and why."

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

n7HE continued discussion of large and
l' small hives in Gleanimjs seems likely
to prove an eye-opener to us. We thought
we had all the ways in which a journal could
proceed, and we had not. The go-as-you-
please way of every writer chosing his own
subject, the question with symposium an-
swers, snappy and right to the point, aud
the special number devoted to a special top-
ic, all have been familiar to us this long
time. In use, however, the second and third
of these methods had got pretty well worn
out, and yet very few iiuestions in apiculture
could be regarded as settled. It was left for
Gleanimjs to take up a topic and stick to it,

THJ^] BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

241

ami squeeze it, and wring it, until the last
drop of available juice had been wrung out.
Why not, in the course of time, have each of
the greater topics similarly treated ? A joint
agreement of the leading papers for this
purpose wouldn't be amiss.

It rather appears by friend Thompson's
foreign notes that our French fellow crafts-
men almost think us cranky because we so
seldom sprinkle bees with flour or say any-
thing about that manipulation. We don't
happen to be in the notion of it, brothers.
So many manipulations are possible that we
cannot use them all. In fall uniting, for in-
stance, I find it convenient to give the pro-
spective colony a new hive, and mostly
combs of honey that are strange to them,
and to mix them up until the most patriotic
bee couldn't tell Ireland from Italy. Under
such circumstances I do not remember that
I ever had a case where there were any signs
of fighting or ill will. Would it not be fool-
ish in me to subject the little creatures to
the additional discomfort of being half
smothered in flour until I had noticed at
least one case where something more seemed
to be needed ?

The Progressive.

The Progressive is still the same chatty,

gossipy, chock - full - of - notes-and - reviews

sort of paper which it has been for some

time. Like " yours truly " it h^ a bone to

pick with the other fellow that enjoys better

facilities for reviewing.

''That worthy Gleaner in the American Bee
Journal has greatly the advantage of us monthly
fellows. We'll have to gag him up some way
yet, or he'll completely take the wind out of our
sails." Observer in Progressive, 95.

Dayton brings out a quite important vari-
ation of the hot-plate foundation fastener.
The intent is to have the slip of foundation
sweep quite an amount of melted wax in
front of it as the hot plate is withdrawn, so
much that waiting for it to cool would be a
waste of time. He saves the time by having
a gang of three blocks to alternately use the
same hot plate. The invention therefore has
two points, keeping three sections in tow at
once, and slanting the hot iron in such a
way that all melted wax which adheres to it
will tend to run forward. I 'rogressive, !>!).

And here is the way H W. Moore, in Pro-
gressive, 101, whales away at the theory that
all extra banded yellow bees have Cyprian
blood in them.

■' So friends, you see that the extra light col-
ored or four banded bees were bred in (Termauy

by Dzierzon two years before the Cyprians were
introduced into Kurope ; and Doolittle and otli-
erH speak of thorn about ten years before any
Cyi)rian8 were brought to America."

Seems conclusive ; but then who knows
positively that certain breeders did not
secretly get Cypnans, to yellow up their
stock, long before the public knew of it ?
Mr. Moore has himself bred extra light bees
from a black virgin and a constant succes-
sion of Italian drones — but admits that he
found them the poorest of all bees for
honey.

The editor just speaks out and declares
himself on my side of the fence in the big
hive versus little hive discussion — kind o'
" in favor of the law, but agin the enforce-
ment of it " — that is to say in favor of a ten
frame hive, with only six or eight frames
actually in use in it. Progressive, l.'W. That
is my situation, by accident rather than de-
sign ; but I think I can recommend others
to "go and do likewise."

Dr. Miller meets the difficulty that 60
pound cans must always be cheaper than 50
pound cans by ruminating that no law re-
quires more than .50 pounds to be put into a
can even if it will hold 00. Progressive. 119.
Me too. I habitually bay seven pound cans
to use as five pound cans.

Dayton points out a use for off-flavor hon-
ey. Such as some people crowd upon the
market to the destruction of honey custom.
Just transform it into extra combs, for the
upper stories of that going-to-be out-apiary,
by feeding it over and over again when no
harvest is coming in. Progressive, 124.
Thanks, brother Dayton— and spanks for
our seventeenth cousin, the peddler of hon-
ey dew.

But doesn't Doolittle lay about him in
defense of himself and the yellow bees ?
Didn't whistle the five banded whistle ; it
whistled itself. And even yet three-quarters
of his customers beplead, " Send me the
very yellowest you have got." And in his
apiary last year (he admits it to be the first
score of the kind) they beat the three band-
ers by about fifteen pounds per colony. Pro-
gressive, 148.

And Somnambulist says a very beautiful
and forcible thing, anent the tiresome re-
crimination of " according to nature" and
" not according to nature," in bee practice.

" What is man ? Isn't lie himself a part of
nature ? And if nature works out any improve-
ment through the intelligence of man, can she
bo accused of calling in any help outside of her-
self ?" Progressive, 144.

242

THE BKE-KEEFERS' REVIEW.

THE GENERAL ROUND- UP.

One of the little things worth noting, but
seldom in print, is spokt-n by Doolittle in
the American Bee Journal, page 240. A
weak colony when opened has a peculiar
buzz which proclaims it as weak without the
need of witlidrawiug a frame. They feel a
sort of panic, perhaps, which they would not
feel if there were thousands more below to
fall back upon. Mr. D. thinks this a sure
test. I have noticed the same ; but it never
occured to me that weak hees always betray-
ed their scanty numbers by this whirr ?
And would not a colony three times as strong
make practically the same sound if queen-
Next let us listen to Abbott on the ancient
chestnut, Can bees hear ?

" Vibrations with ub do not ' cause sound,' but
THEY ARE SOUND, and any animal that can * dis-
criminate between vibrations ' can hear with all
tliat this term implies." A. B. J., 254.

I guess this is on the right side of the
fence, but I am not sure that the logic is cor-
rect. Who can tell exactly where the line
runs between perceiving vibrations by the
sense of touch and perceiving vibrations by
the sense of hearing ? The man who can is
wanted in our camp, but I doubt whether he
will ever arrive.

"(iive plenty of air to your bees, but do not
by upward ventilation give your bees to the air,
Dr. A. S. MartiQ A. B. J.. 279,

That has been my doctrine all along— but
I'm getting weak in the knees— liable to fall
down and worship the upward ventilation
image most any time.

And how's this for ventilation and out

door wintering ? Hives on inch blocks,

mercury minus 40% place in Canada (>.') miles

north of the Vermont line, person Gallup in

his boyhood. Always came through tip top,

except when they got out of honey. A. B.

J., 294.

Henry S. Evans tried a dozen colonics

with queens caged and the cage morticed in-
to a comb. The cells that were built were
destroyed, and of course there coula be no
swarming except from the skipping of cells.
The queens were only kept caged about two
weeks, and they seemed all right ; but on be-
ing released every one disappeared without
laying an egg. The colonies were not
chosen at random, but each colony when it
swarmed was put through the above course
of sprouts to compel it to stay in the old
hive. A. B. J., 279. Takes a pretty good
player to play against a contrary colony of
bees and win.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown says that bees con-
sumed much less honey than usual last win-
ter in the south. This was because the win-
ter was extra severe and so kept them more
quiet than usual. A. B. J., 298. By the
way, I beg pardon for not chronicling Dr.
Brown's induction as department editor in
time to be able to do so without blushing.

" I very much fear that many of the queens
whicli have been sold for Carniolane were noth-
ing but German bees pure and simple. * * *
T think it just as easy to tell a Carniolan bee
frr)m a blnck as it is to tell a liorse from a mule.

* * * I do not see how one can possibly take
one for the other." Sub-editor Abbott in A. B.
J., 302.

That's the way to talk it— provided the
facts justify.

Friend W. W. M'Neil (page 312 A. B. J.)
thinks he has whistled swarms out in imitat-
ing the call of the queen. First we know he
will be whistling the mortgage off from
somebody's farm. But perhaps we can not
so well afford to poke fun at what he says
about the avant couriers of a swarm. He
says they hurriedly scramble over the other
bees, and make a peculiar zeeping not heard
at any other time. I have never noticed
this : but I am aware that it might occur
half the time and yet escape my notice.

In Rhode Island, a year ago last March, a
colony of bees immensely strong was taken
out of a gate post. They entered at the top
and went down. W^onder if this plenty of
fresh air from the top had anything to do
with their extra condition. A. B. J., ;U8.

In Gleanings, PI->('>, we have a case of pro-
voking slovenliness. We do not want to
have the like come in style in our leading
journals, whatever we may have to tolerate
in a Pub. Doc. The pollen-carrying legs of
six different species of bees are set before
us for comparison (good idea), but not a
word to tell us which is which, or even the
names of the six species illustrated.

With the last swarm that issues Doolittle
has counted twelve or more queens. Glean-
ings, 48.f). But I wonder if Mr. D., usually
so correct, is not K. O. when he intimates
that the bouncing first swarm which often
comes out when a queen is superseded about
June 1st is us^ially called an after-swarm.
In my records and writings I do not call it
so ; and I doubt if the majority do. There
is a practical bar to such usage, in that dur-
ing the piping times of general swarming it
would often be iuu>ossil)le to tell whether
the seven pound cluster you were taking

IHE BEE-KEErEim law lEU

243

down wore nu after-swarui or uot. Real af-
ler-hwarnis can usually be recoyuized by
their size.

In friend 15. Taylor's arlide, Review, ISMi,
I find auiusLinent in noliii^x that lie reaclit s
my results in such tliflerent ways. Fre-
Queiilly has eight or more swarms under dis-
cipline in his cellar at one lime, SDme of
them for 48 hours. As his sjsieni is sonu-
what less grotesque ihan mine very liktly it
will secure more general adoption, ai dso do
more good. In swarm fever limes, depend
upon it, so-iio method whereby the boss of
the ranch easily and peremptorily runaiu
boss is of decided importance. Just think
of 20 or ;5it pounds of bees all in an angry
mess — and how it simi)lities matters to i)ut
them in baskets of six or seven pounds each
and chuck them where they can't do any-
thing whatever but wait your sovereign
pleasure.

In A. B. J., 82(), Mr. Doolittie expresses
the opinion that a nucleus, with a frame of
brood and one of honey, and a ripe queen
cell, and tlie overflow bees supplied through
a hole from a strong colonj, would prevei't
said colony from swarming. I dout)t it
greatly. Why should it V Of course if tiet s
were reasoning creatures, and reasoned that
they already had anew colony in process of
construction, they would not swarm ; Imt we
know tliey do not reason to that extent, ;\iid
in that way. There is little about tlie plan
to delay the building of tpieen caps, it si tn s
to me. (I may be wrong.) Nothing about
it promises to keep the queen from lajinyr
in the cups : there is little to induce ilie
workers that choose to remain in the old
hive to let tlie eggs perish ; very little to in-
duce the workers, that have come to have a
gleam of personal affection for their prin-
cess baby, to consent to its murder byqiini u
Herodias — and you may bet your boUom
dollar the okl queen will raise all the rumpus
she ever does if they don't let lier butclici ii.
Of course in so imi)ortant a matter as tin- a
trial of the plan would bo desirable ; but
don't build very much on success till yon g< t
it.

It just pops into my liead to remark. Sup-
pose we stoi) awhile racking our brains with
the question, Why do l)ees swarrn ? and in-
vestigate the question, Why bees f/'OjV
swarm ? in the different actual cases where
they actually do not. The material out of
which to build an answer will in the latter
question be more within our reach.

W. H. Moore, of Florence, Nebraska, a
man with large experience in tree planting,
sajs that in planting basswoods the stems
need to be i)rotected with sacking, else they
will sun scald, and a half dead tree is the re-
sult. Yet in some localities and latitudes
the sunshine does not prove so destructive.
A. B. J., ;527. Some trouble and expense if
the trees-es all have to have " trouses." For
la-go plantations 1 should incline to stait
Willi little fellows, and to make them spread
enough to keep their own trunks shaded.

Dr. Brown thinkK drones no good after
they have taken a journey by mail. A. B.
J., 330.

The eccentricities of the honey flow are
known to be very great, even in quite reli-
able honey plants. Dr. Brown adds anoth-
er. The sourwood tree or a shrub is esteem-
ed one of the very best sources of honey'in
most of the territory where it grows ; but he
has never yet seen a single bee on it, although
hundreds of trees grow near him. A. B J.,
3;i0.

The Ainfvicaii. Bee Journal of May 23rd
has a picture and sketch of the distinguished
Swiss Dr. DePlanta, who^e loss apicultural
science m urns. He gave ten winters and
much other time to subjt-cts connected with
bees — i)ollen, nectar, honey, wax, larval food
— striving to get the actual bottom facts
about these things. How much easier it is
to do, as our folks often 'do, draw on your
inner consciousness for an answer at once,
and then siiend the ten years in converting
the ignorant balance of the world with
rhetorical Are and sword. Much of this
work was to fitul what part pollen played in
producing honey, and how much in produc-
ing wax. (Vastly cheaper to say, "Itdon'i.
play any part.") He actually was not satis-
tied with the dictum, "Bees gather and
store li'Uiey ; they don't make it," and did
pri>longed, tedious work at gathering nectar
with a pi|iette, tiiidiutroul what il rcallj was,
and what the bees really did to it to make it
lioney. The boiled down result of ihis faith-
ful work was mainly to estal)lisli the great
importance of th" fluids flurni.-lied by the
glands in the bee's head, both in the pro-
duction of wax and honey. The word saliva
is used for these fluids. I feel quite im-
pressed with the tiiought that we ought to
have a less misleading word, even if it has
to be made out of whole cloth.

RicHAUDs, Lucas Co., Ohio, July 24, '!);">.

244

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW-

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

Dry Weather

Cuts otf the liouoy flow aud makes it well-nifrh
imposBible to rear good queens. Heroin Arkan-
sas wo have had plenty of rain, and the condi-
tions for rearing good queens have been and are
unexcelled My queens are of the golden Italian
strain, aud tlioy are not only large and beautiful
but they are also bred for business. The editor
of the Review says that he has not received
more handsome bees or queens than those I have
sent him, or that were more neatly put up, they
arriving in an unusually clean and healthy con-
dition. Untested queens, 60 cts. each, Y^ doz ,
$3.50. Tested, $1.00. Fine breeders, $2.00 each;
fine, straight 5-banded, breeding queens, $4.00
each. To parties who have not tried my strain
of Italians, I will send one goJden queen for 50
cts. Safe arrival guaranteed.

E.A SEELEY, Bloomer, Ark.

( Money order office, Lavaca, Ark.)
SELECT TESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Friends, I will have two hundred select, test-
ed queens, reared from one of Doolittle's best
queens, and mated to select drones from the
best of my own stock. These queens will be
sold at one doUar each, or $10.00 p^r dozen, and
will bo sent out the last week in .\ugust.

.All who wish to take advantage of this offer
will do well to send in their orders early.

Give me a trial order and I will guarantee
to give you satisfaction, or refund your money.
Address F. A. CROWELL,

(i^anger.
7-95-2t Fill. Co. Minn.

>'(eiij>e mention the Heuieui

I am inaiinfacluring

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
]>>eiy thing you iipod.

PRICES REDUCED.
Send for new Price List.

GEO. KALL. Frenchville, Wis.
Trempeleau Co.

Please mention the Reuiew.

4-95-tf

In Tampa, Florida, I have a lot and two cot-
tages for sale. The locality is a good one for
bees ; the field unoccupied and the home-market
first-class. Kent of one cottage will pay 8 per
cent interest on the whole investment. For
further particulars address
B. p. AVERIlili, HoixiaPdsville, Va.

P. S.— Twenty colonies black bees for sale at
$3.50 per colony.

yiease mention the Review.

— If you are going to —

BUY A ^\}ZZ - SA\Sr,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barues saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

™iAH BEES (fc QUEENS

Ready in May. Queens, $1.00. Hoes by the
Pound, $1.00. Two-framo Nucleus, with Queen,
$2 50. One-frame, $2 (K). Also Barred P. R.
Eggs, for sotting, $ 1 .00 per 15. 5-95-4t

Mrs. A. A.

, BOX 48. Swans, Penn.

Please mention the Reuiew.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Libera/ Discounts to the Trade.

Headquarters

For those large, beautiful, golden Italians, the
great honey gatherers. One untested (|uopii. HIc ,
three for $2.00. Ono warranted, $l.(«); throe for
$2.50. One tested. $l..50. Ono select tested, $2.00.
Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
C. M. HICKS,
4-95-tf Hicksville, Wash. Co., Md.

Please mention the Revipw.

Nearly 200 pages practical and interesting

Reading for Bee - Keepers

F»)r only •"' '"ts.

The Kansas Bee - Journal,

Monthly, Young and Lively. Send for Sample.
Address. KANSAS BEE - .JOURNAL,

Topeka, Kansas,

I

."RE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

245

3 - Frame Nucleus and Italian

Untested quoens, 7.') ctM ; Six for $3.50.

DlHcnuut on quantities.

Full^Line-^-of^Supplies .

Circnliif (vee.
2-y5-tf

1. J.STIUNiJHAM,
105 Park Place, New York City.

Hooey Queers,

Havo, for the past 18 yi'arK, been carefully broil
in my yards for producing comb honey; a spe-
cial metliod being employed whereby lai'ge,
long-lived and prolific (pioens are secuced. 1
can furnish either throe or five-banded stock,
or from imported mothers, each variety b.iing
bred in a separate yard. No ff>nl brood or par-
alysis. Warranted queens, till cts., tested, $2.00
Selected brooders, $2. 5U. Discount on quantities.
J. H. GOOD,
2-9.')-tf Nappanoe, Ind. i

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

F0:R 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J, P. H. IJKOWN,
1-88-tf. AuRusta, Geoi-K'"-

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

THE STRATTON

"Harp" and "Manhattan" Guitar

Warranted not to Crack. No Guitars sold
at retail. Dealers please send for Illustrated
CJatalogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON & SON,

*3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK.

Pure Italian Queens,

Bred for business and sold at the follovying pri
COS : untested. l.iO; three for S.TiO; six, 4.75
twelve, 9.00. Tested. 1.2.5; three for 3.50; six.;
7 on ; twelve. 13.00. Select tested, 2..'J0.

('atnlogue of Bee Supplies sent free upon ap-
plication. O. P. HYDE,
5 95-6t Lampasas, Texas.

GOLDEN

ITALIAN_QUEENS.

Warranted purely mated, ready to mail at 75 cts
each ; three for $2,00; six for $1.(10; one dozen,
$7.00. Untested queens, after July Ist, 50 cts.
each. See former advertisements.

W. A. COMPTON,
4 95-lt Lynnville, Tenn.

A- E. HOSHAL, of Boamsville, Ont.,

Italian QUEIKNS^ ^^ CANADA

Untested. July to Oct., 75 Cents
Each ; Six for S4.25 Tested, $1.00
Sent by Return Mail.

Send for free illustratoil circular to

THEO. BENDER,

6-94-tf

Canton, Ohio.

THE STR ATTOM
GUITARS.' MANDOLINES

• BE M*NDL£0 at an THE tUO|i,0 l(us,c STORES

•an o.rd.eye Mapio Manogany ana Bosewooo.

JOHN F STRATTON & SO^

M uslcal Alerclianciise.

Has gotten up a new and comprenhensive circu
lar, erivins .plain, concise explanations of the
whole practical work of bee-keeping as accom-
plished with

The Heddon Hive

And system, siiowiiiK how they enable one to
secuiothe same results with less labor and more
couifort than with other hives, and he would be
oloased to send it to all Canf'dian bee-keepers.
( Those in U. 8. should address .James Heddon,
Dowagiac, Mich ) Mr. Hoehal also handles
Sections, makes t> undation, etc. 11-93-tf

EE SUPPLIES!

Send for free copy of II.I.U8TRATED

CATALOGUE— describing everythint
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
O. Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chlcairo.

246

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV IE -^

GOOD

Five - Banded Bees

®

Are preferred by most
bee keepers to those of
other varieties. I breed for business
qualities as well as for color, and have a
strain of 5 banded Italians that I prefer
to blacks, hybrids. Holy Lands or ('ypri-
ane, all of which I have tried. Last year
the colonies tliat I moved to the man-
grove stored on an average 420 lbs.
of extracted honey. All I ask at tirst is a
trial order, as others will surely follow.
I warrant my (lueens purely mated and I
sell them at 75 cts. each, or $7.50 per doz.
in June, and 6.75 per dozen in July.
Tested, 1 .25 ; select, $2.00 to $5.0it. Cir-
cular free. J. B. CASE,
12-94-tf Port Orange, Fla.

Illustrated Advertisements Attract Attention.

Cuts rurnlsUed for all illustrating Purposes.

A New Strain of Bees,

THE ADELS.

Friends, I shall ho prepared, by June Ist, to
fill orders for A<lel and Italian queers at $1.00
for warranted, .ft 50 for toKtod, %i.W for select
tested. JOS. ERWAY. HAVANA. N. Y.
5-95-4t Ploaso mention the Koview.

DON'T FORGET

Tliat Will. A. Selser, Wyncote Pa., is one of the
largest Queen Breeders on the Atlantic Seaboard.
Four apiaries. Breeds leather, and golden
5-banded queens. Send for catalogue and testi-
monials. Queens, wholesale or retail, delivered ,
AT ONCE. 8-95-1 1

PfeasG mention the Reuieut

Golden Italian Queens,

One unteste

d queen before »

rune 1st .. .. $1.00

«ix

"

5-00

One

"

after

75

Six

"

"

4.20

One tested

"

before

.... 1.50

Six

•'

"

7..50

One

"

after

... 1 on

Six

"

'•

5.00

One selected tested for breeding, f3.00.

W. H.

WHITE,

2-95-tf

Deport, Lamar Co.. Texas.

Please

mention the

,?euiew.

i^RiTK me:

BEFORE BUYING QUEEMS, and get prices
on my

Oolden Q-meens,

Bred for business, beauty and gentleness.
J. D. GIVENS,
4-95-6t Box 3, Lisbon, Texas.

A. I. Root's Goods, at their
prices near home. We can save
you Freight. Order early and
secure discounts. 32 page Cata-
log, free.

.JOHN NEBEL&SON,
2-95tf High Hill, Mo.

'piise rtiKiition the Reuieui.

Largest Factory in the West.

COMPLETE STOCK.
Good Supplies and Low Prices, Our Motto

We are here to serve you and will if you give us a chance. Catalogne Free. Adderss,
LEAHY A\ar<UPACTUR«f(G CO., Hit'O'iosvill?, r\o.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

247

\s^S>\-^5sr.^SS>~5^!S^.i^

ii^^'^^SS'i^^SS^;^

;s^sK;-ss!^\i^s?\-ssv-\-^v-\-ss5

CANADIAN

boe - keepers will find it to their interest to buy
their eupplies of the Goold, Shaploy & Muir Co.,
of Brantford, Ont., Canada. Circuhir freo. This firm also jmblishes a bright,
/ proKH'ssive, iJliistnilcd moutldy C> CST CT journal at 8l,()0 ppr year. Sam-
/ pies free. Italian qneHns from the 13^^— finest strain of beee in the country
can be furnished in May at $'.00 each for untested, and $2.00 each for tested. In
■^ June, untested, 75 cts , tested. $l.M. Remember, the l^^l I ^> A I /| I

y and the queens go to the United States freo from duty, iJ KJ KJ tX l\l A\ imm

TEXAS

i QUEENS

Has a Climate Whore

can be reared aliiKist

tlie vear rf>iind.

JENNIE AT< HLEY,
living in this State, at Beovillee. can furnish
tested, 3 banedd Italians at $1.50 each; 5-banded
or (Jarniolan $2..50 each Untrsted, either race.
fl.OO each, six for %Xm. or $9.00 per do7,en,
till June; after .Tnne l8t., 75 cts. each; six
for $4. 25; or SS.UO per dozen. Fine breeder of
either race, or imported queens, $5.00. 1-95 tit

Please mention the Reuietv.

Just to show you what big, yellow queens I
am rearing, I will, for the next thirty days, sell,
at 75 cts. e,ich, untested (pioens reared from a
mother valued at fifty dollars. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Never any dieeaso among my bees.

W. J. FOREHAMD, Ft. Deposit, AIa.

PleaP^ mention *he Reuiew.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

Jan. 1st, 1894.

J. pOUTiCI^OOK & CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

— If yon wish the best, low-dprice —

TYPE - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Rbview. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

Tested Qoeens bf Return Mail at $1,00

AM devoting my apiary largely to the rearing of queens, making a specialty of
tested Italian (lunons at $1.00 each or six for $5.00. These queens are of this year's
rearing, and have bpen kept just long enough to know that they are good layers
and purely mated. For several weeks I have been filling orders by return mail, and I
am keeping a large number of queens in nuclei for the express purpose of enabling
me to fill orders promptly. More than six queens ( tested ) will be sold at 75 cents
each, but such ordors iiinst be sent with the understanding tliat, wliile they will be
filled as promptly as possible, it MAY not be by return mail, which will lie the caee
with six or a less number of qneens. The Review and one queon for $1.50.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

;x^^.

248

THE B^'E-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HaiUJItOn, iliS. ^

-^1 ^^^^^^ 4 -94-121 Please mention the Rfuieat. ^^^^^^« 1^^

f
i

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

WHAT'S

THE USE OF"

KEEPING BEES

If you do not sell the honey? Tliat'e what we
are hero for. (let our high prices before selling.
HOKRIE & McCONKEY, coii.mission mer
chants, 224 8o. Water St., Chicago. Ills.

7-95-3t Reference, First National Bank, Chcaijo.

Please mention the Reuieiv.

5 Cents Per Pound Off

On Hunt's Foundation for the balance of the
seasoii.

Root.s Shipping Cases for comb honey at his
prices. All other goods at reduced prices.
8 95-tf M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich .

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of diiferent styles and -sizes, made by C.-\\.
Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intendiiig to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint. Mich.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and t^heap. Tlie trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the boat sliipping point iu
tiio country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 9.5.12t Indianapolis," Ind.

SAVE fflONEY,

It is always economy to buy the best,
especially when the best costs no more
tliiin somotliing not half so good. Our
FALCON SECTIONS ar.. ac-
knowledged to be superior to any on thn
market. The same is also true ol' our HIVES and bee-keepers' SUPPIjIES
of which we makeall modern styles. Uur prices will be found as low as tnose of
any of our competitors, and in many cases lower, and von are always s"ro of jretn'ng
first-class goods We also publish the AMERICAN BEE KEEPER,
a monthly magazine (fifth year) at 50c a year, invalnadle ti> beginn<'i's. Lanro ilinu.
trated cntalogue and price list free. Address THE "W T. FALCONER
Mf g Co., Jamestotvn, N. Y,

New England customers may
by purchasing of our Eastern
agent, Mr. W. M. Gerrish of East
Nottingham, New Hampshire.

SAVE FREIGHT.

Sep., 1895.

At Fliqt, Micl^igaq. — Oqe Dollar a Year.

250

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

flDVE^TISlHG f^ATES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On ifO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing liist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal. . . . ( 1.001

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)... .
Apiculturist ( .75)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 130.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb uusoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. Tliat is, there will be " fancy white,"
" No. 1 dark,'' etc.

CHICAGO, III. — Some of the new crop of comb
has been sold at 15 to 16cts. We expect better
trade. We quote as follows: fancy white, 15 to
16 ; No. 1 white, 14 : fancy amber, 1',i ; No. 1 am-
ber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 ; No. 1 dark, S ; white, ex-
tracted, 6}^ to 7 ; amber, 6 to 6^3 ; dark, 5 to SJr^ ;
beeswax, 27 to 28.

R. A. BURNETT Sc CO.,

Aug. 3. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Demand for comb honey
slow. Extracted honoy is in bettor demand.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13 ; No.
1 wliite, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1
amber, 8 to 9 ; fancy dark, 9 to 10 ; No. 1 dark,
8 to 9; white, extracted, 6)^ to 7 ; amber, ex-
tracted, 6 to 61^ ; dark, extracted, 5 to 5>6. Bees-
wax, 27 to 30.

H. R WRIGHT,
March 5. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

KANS.\S CITY, Mo.— We have just received
a shipment of new comb honey, and quote as
follows : No. 1 white, 14; No. 1 amber, 12; No.
1 dark, S to 10; white, extracted. 7; amber, ex-
tracted, 6 ; dark, extracted, 5. Beeswax, 22.
C. C. CLEMONS CO..

July 3. .';21 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

BUFFALO, N. Y. - Very little is doing in hon-
ey and lots of old stock is still on hand; no
trade at all at present. Early shipments of new
honey is advised We (luote as follows : Fancy
wliite, 12 to 13; No 1 white, 10 to 11 ; fancy dark,
7 to 8; No.l dark, 5 to 6. Beeswax, 25 to 30.
BATTEliSON & CO .

July 3. 107 & 169 Scott St.. Bnlfalo, N. Y.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— At present the mar-
ket is in fine condition. Fresh arrivals of new
honey are selling, according to quality and con-
dition, from 16 to 20. Stricrly fancy white is job-
bing in lots of 5 and 10 cases at IS ; small way 10.
We quote as follows: fancy white, 19 to 20 ; No. 1
white. 18; fancy amber, 17; fancy dark, 16; white,
extracted, 9 ; amber, 8 ; dark, 7.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

August 3.

NEW YORK. N. Y.— There is no demand for
comb honey and very little on the market. As
to extracted, new crop Southern is arriving
freely; bpsides there is quite a stock of last
year's crop of California on the markei. while
the di^mand is rather light. Plenty of beeswax
is coming in. and, as the demand is limited, the
price is declining. We quote as follows : Fancy
white, 12 to 1:B; fancy amber, ?1 to 12: fancy
dark. 8 to 9; white extracted, 6 to 6J^; amber ex-
tracted, 5 '-4. Boeswax. 29 to 31.

HILDRETII BROS. & SEGELKEN,

July 5. 120 & 122 West Broadway Now York.

EE SUPPLIES!

i Send forfreecopyof IHiTJSTRATED
F CATALOGUE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. a. Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chicauro.

R./.p-A-N-S

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS.

I have already bought in this way a guitar
and violin for my girls and a flate for my-
self. If you are thinking of buying an in-
strument of any kind I should be glad to
send you one on trial. If interested, write
me for deaciptive cirular and price list, say-
ing what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

llllij BEE- KEEPERS' REVIEWS

251

:©)

FEEDIHG BAGK

■

Honey to secure the completion of unfinished sections can
be made ver\' profitable if rig-htly manag-ed during- the hot
weather of July and August. In "Advanced Bee Cul-
ture " may be found complete instructions reg-arding- the
selection and preparation of colonies, preparation of the
feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping
of the combs, time for removing- the honey, and how to
manage if a few sections in a case are not quite complete ;
in short, all of the " kinks " that have been learned from
year of experience and the "feeding- back" of tons of honey.
Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HOTCHlNSOfl, Flint, Mich.

'^

©

Bees Scooped !

I have at last succeeded in buying all the bees
within i^i miles of my hoiiie apiary, except five
colonioH, and these 1 have Italianized and have
permission to control their drones. This prac-
tically gives me a clear field for breedinf; pure
Italian (jueetis I have had over twenty year's
experience in brcMlingand exiii'iimontiim with
Italian iiuceiisand bftes. and 1 now breed "for
business" from my own imporlatii'ns and Doo-
little's "Best." P.>or stock is <'nKlly as a gift.

One colou.N iif ll .iliaiis in sini,-! ■ story, S-frame,
D. 1 hive, $(iliO; 5 colonies. yi'T 50; lOcolirnifs,
50 00; on" fianie uncleus, $^l.'(l; two frame,
1 .75. Select ih" (]Uicn want, d .md add pri(re to
tlic above DnriiiK March and April, one tested
•|i'-i 2.i'(). Select tested (inccn. M 00. After
May 1st. one tested (jueen. $1 r.n ; ;n'or -¥4 tlO ; ti
for $7 .50 ; n'\< ct tes'ed, ?2 .50. I'ntc stod (juoens
as early as the season will p'^rniit of iheir boinfr
rc.-irnd. one for SI 00 ; 3 for %-l.t'> ; (i for $4 00 ; 12
for $1) 75. I have over 10(1 tisI'MJ (luecns reared
last summer and fall that will hf taken from full
Cf)lonies to fill i-xtra early orders.

(■ontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities Bolicite<l. and if desired will furnish them
with testeil or untested Italian queens on reason-
able terms.

JOHN n- DAVIS,

•J 'J5-12 Spring Hill. Maury Co., Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur
Bee-Keeper, a70 page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse.
Price '25c., by mail 2Sc. The little book and the
Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28
page monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G. CO., Hiqginsville. Mo.

1293-l2t. "^

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. 2. Write for special
prices on winter orders in large or small lots,
including all other Supplies. Also Berry Crates
and Baskets made up or in flat.

Vdtlress BKKLlN l-in'IT BOX CO..

;5-y5 tit Berlin Heights, O.

252

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

1

COR. KING & YORK STS, TORONTO,

Will be headquarters for bee keepers during the
conveution of the North American. It is cen-
trally located, has all the modern conveniences,
and will make the following rates to bee keep-
ers : $1.75 per day, single; $1.50, double.

t^eady to IVLail.

Untested Italian Queens are now ready to
mail. Price, $1.00 each; six for $5,00; twelve
for $9.00.

T. R. CANADY,

3.94.6t - Fallbrook, Calif.

Please mention the Reuiew

CANADIANS,

Drop me a card for my Seventh Annual C'ircular.
I manufacturo the best Foundation, Smokers,
Sections, Hives. Etc., in the country ; so say
many of my customers. Address

W. A. CHRYSLER,
3.95.tf Box 450, Chatham, Ont.

Muth's :.:;

lEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
•Blast Smokers
SlUAre 6IZVSS Horjcy J^^r^, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

1-94-tf. Please Mention the Reuiem.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Tliiii, Flat Bottom Fooiulatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,
(SOLE MANUFACTURERS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-J6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

W, H. BRIGHT'S

CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing
needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec-
tions, spraying pumps and Bright's comb foun-
dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one,
fiee.

WM. H. BRIGHT,
l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

W. O. VICTOR, of Wharton, Texas, took

45»000 Pounds

Of honey in 1894. as the result of eleven years'
experience. He offers for salo good, old-style
honey 5 95-tf

Queens evpd Bees

At the following prices :

1 Untested Queen, 75

12 " Queens 7.50

1 Tested Queen 1 .50

12 " Queens, 15 00

1 Single-frame Nucleus. \]^ to 2 lbs bees

and Untested Queen, 1..50

12 Single-frame Nuclei, with bees & Queens, 15,00
1 Two-framo Nuclons, 2J4 to 3 lbs. bees

and Untested Queen, 2 00

12 Two-frame Nuclei, with boes & queens, 20.00
Prices on larger quantities given upon applica-
tion. One untested queen, if a tirst order, for 50 c.

JUST RECEIVED,

A car load of Root's goods. Prices to suit the
times. Reasonable satisfaction guaranteed.

SECTIONS, fiEE ilVES AND SHIPPING CASES.

We make a Si)ecialty of these (ioods and defy Competition in

QXJ-A-IjIT'Sr, WOK,K:m:-A.NSH:IF ancd FR^ICES.

|^~ Write for free illustrated Catalogue and Price List. 7-9.5-tf

C. B. LiEWlS CO., WatePtouun, Wisconsin.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

253

I Names of Bee - Keepers, i

ei TYPE WRITTEN. B

n y

HraCril!!!nEC!IBiEI5irSC!Briril^l5|13ilEP!C!P!CC

The names of my caetomers, and of thoeo ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States).
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, 1 would furnish it
to my advertisers at S2.00 per thousand names.
A. manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
nan\es of bee-keejiers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can bo accom-
modated. Any in(iuiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifokl process, 1 can furnish them

$2.00. \V. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

1895

To my customers and friends :
Please remember that W H.
Laws is again headquarters for
Italian queens. 1 breed nothing
but large, well-developed queens, either Golden
or Leather-colored. My Golden strain is from
Doolittle's original ONE hundred dollar queen
sent me after he had reared over 1,0(X) queens
from her. For business and beauty, my bees are
unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for
»4..')0. Tested, $1.25. Breeilers, $3 to $4. Ad-
dress
4 95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark.

Please mention the Review.

Direft-Draft Perfect
BINGHAM

^\R Bee Smoker

PRICES

SOUTHEBN HOME 2Jthi^i

Where yon can buy (jucenH as good as the best,
either from an importfMl or a (Jolden Italian
mother; guaranteed to be free from paralysis,
at 75 cents each, 6, $4 00 ; l:i, $7.50. Tested, $1.(M)
each : (i, $5.u0; 12, $9.00. After .June 1st, .50 cents
each for untested ; «, $2..50; 12, $4.00. Tested, 75
cents each;!), $4.00; 12. $7.50. (iood breeders
$2.00 each. Straight five banded or " faultless "
(jueens, $2. .50 eiich. Hees by the pound, 75 cents
;i pound. All our golden, tested queens produce
five-banded workers. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Descriptive circular free. Address

HUFSTEDLER RKOS..
l-i»5-i)t. Clarksville, Texas.

.•'.cuae tffrfUlun ff,e HhVlbU).

Warranted

95 per cent of queens purely mated, at .50,
cts. each, six for $2.75, or $5.00 per dozen,
reared Irom a golden breeder obtained of
Doolittle, which he selected, and tested
out of 1,000 queens, for his own special
use, or from one of .\. I. Root's very best
imported breeders. Bees from my queens
are gentle and excellent honey gatherers.
No disease. Ask for free circular. Satis-
faction and safe delivery guaranteed.
H. G. QUIRIN,
7-95-3t Bellevue, Ohio.

Please mention the Reoiem.

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knifo.

BINGHAM

Patented May 20, 1879.

Perfect Bee- Smob ap.d ilonef Knives,

PATENTED 1878, 1.^82 and lf92.

Doctor. .

..3'/2 inch Stove, per doz. $12,00- Mail, $1.75

Conqueror :S •• " " .. 11.00- •• ) ..50

^ Tjrirge 'i'A •■ 6 00 - " 1.00

^ Plain 2 " " " 4 75— " .70

a Little Wonder.... .1% " " " . :! On— " ..^io

^ Honey Knife " " " .. 7 00- " .i,0

« BEST ON EARTH.

'^ Tlie three larger sizps have extra vide shields and double

t? coiled steel wire handles. These SHlF^l.DSand HANDLESare
S au AMAZINUi COMFORT-always cool and clean. Tfie Plain
and Little Wonder have narrow shields and wire handles. All Bingham Smokers for 1895 have all the
new improvements, viz : Direct Draft, Bent Cap, Wire Handles, Inverted Bellows, and are ABSO-
LUTELY PERFECT. All genuine Bingham Knives and Bee-Smokers are stamped with date of
patent Circulars sent free.

^95 tf T. r. BINGHAM, Abronia, Michigan.

254

THE BEE-KEEPERS- REVIEW-

may be able to get Supplies at

You

But how does the Workmanship Compare with ours at

GUT PRISES

PRICES?

LIVING

We are receiving daily, unsolicited, testimonials like this :

The a. I. Root Co. : The Dovetailed hives ordered of you some time ago arrived from
the railroad to day, and this evening I put one of the bodies together, and must say it was just fun.
Those dovtailed pieces were " yt)ost der tit." In fact, everything seems to me so far to be better than
the catalog promised or than I expected. 1 tliank you for the promptness with which you filled the
order, and especially for the Quality of the goods. As regards lumber in hives and frames, it is far
ahead of any 1 ever saw, and 1 have seen a number ordered of other dealers, and, as for workman-
ship, 1 have seen notliing to compare with yours. S. L. PAYNE, Westfall, Oregon, May 5th

This explains our great flood of orders. Thirty-six page Catalog.

M

[< ) sweat steals down the heated cheeks and
aching back of the bee-keeper as the re-
sult of standing in the hot sun puffiug, blowing, smoking and brushing bees ; no time is
wasted in these disagreeable operations, and no stings received in resentment of such treat-
ment ; the honey is secured free from black or even the taint of smoke ; the cappings are
not injured by the gnawing of bees ; and robbers stand no show whatever. If there are any
broken burr-combs they are cleaned up by the bees inside the hive, before the honey is re-
moved. Leading bee-keepers use the PORTER escape, and say that without a trial it is im-
possible to realize the amount of vexatious, annoying, disagreeable work that it saves. The
cost is only 20 cts. each, or $2.2") per doz. As in the past, this escape is manufactured by the
Porters, but The A. I. RootiCo. has secured control of the sale for this country. Order of

your dealer or of j^e A. I. ROOT CO., MedJiia, Ohjo.

Toronto Copveotiop Report Free-

A Full Report of the Proceedings of the North American convention held at Toronto, Canada,
will appear in the weekly American Bee .Journal immediately after the meeting , Sept. 4, 5 and 6
The first installment will be in the number fi r8ept. 18. If not now a subscriber, you can have that
Report free, by sending $1.00 now for the American Bee Journal tor 1896, as we will " throw in " the
balance of the year liSiiS, beginning with Sept. 18, to new subscribers. Think of it— over 15 months
( or nearly 70 numbers I of the old American Bee Journal for only $1.00 !

K^°° .4nd, besides all that, each new subscriber will receive a free copy of the 160 page book,
" Bees and Honey. " Better send your dollar at once, and join the procession. Please mention tli is
paper.

GEO. W. YORK €r CO., 56 Fifth Ave., CbJczvgo, III5.

1

J. W. K. SHAW S GO.

Will fill your orders for Italian queens
promptly by return mail. Queens are
bred from fine imy^jirted,' and home-
bred mothers, and are large, healthy and
prolific. Tested queens, this season's
rearing, $1 00 each, $10.00 per dozen. Un-
tested, 50 cts. each, or $().00 per dozen.

Safe arrival and satisfaction guaran-
teed. Make money orders jiayable at
Loreauville.

I. w. K. SHAW & CO , Loreauville, La.

€)

" Will not have any but the <

DOVALiLi STOCK"

This is what one of my customers in California
has just written mo is said of my bees for miles
around him, as they always come through the
years in bettor shape and gather MORE
HONEY tlian any other boes.

(iood reports come from all (luartors from my
strain of bees, proving their good qualities.
Young queens from this stock warranted purely
mated, oue queen $1.00, 0 for $4.50, 12 for $8.00.
Price of tested queens an<l <lescriptive circular
on application.

C. D. DUVflUU, SpeneeKVilJe, JVld.

oe (Dee-)\eepeps peViecL-

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Iqterests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.
¥. Z. HDTCHINSON, Editor and ProprlBtor.

VOL VIII

FLINT,

IICHIGAN, S^PT. 10. 1895.

NO, 9.

W"ork at IVCidiigan's

Experimeiital

-A^piarv.

B. L. TAYLOB, APIABIST.
THE SEASON OF 1895.

/g\N account of
vi/the character
of the season of
1895 all experi-
ments into which
swarms were to
have in anyway
entered I have
been compelled of
necessity to omit
as the swarms
were not to be had
the swarming
season having passed with but two normal
swarms to its credit in the entire apiary.
The condition of the colonies of the apiary
was with few exceptions in excellent condition
at the time when the early honey flow is
usually expected but on account of the
drought of the present and former seasons
white clover had almost entirely dissappear-
ed and basswood on account of injury from
spring frosts and for other reasons furnish-
ed but little. The consequence was that
there was not only no swarming and no
surplus but the amount of stores and brcod
in the hives dimini'«hed almost to the vanish-
ing point by the iii- t of August.

There was one other curious result as I
think from this almost total consumption of
stores some of which had been in the hives
for years and that was the developement of
several new cases of foul brood which was
evidently of a very malignant type. The
germs of the desease were probably stored
away and retained their vitality in the honey
which had been in the hive so long and when
that was consumed the germs began again
their deadly work. Great care was taken to
discover all these cases of the disease and
when the slight honey flow began early in
August prompt steps were taken to effect a
cure by putting the bees of each colony into
a clean hive furnished with foundation in
the manner described in a former bulletin.

In addition to devices for prevention of
swarming heretofore tested to some extent-
and reported upon I have had bees in two of
the new hives invented by Mr. Aspinwall of
Jackson to which he adapted a non-swarm-
ing device which he claims is effectual in
not only preventing swarming but also in de-
cidedly increasing the surplus, but no satis-
factory test could from the nature of the
case be made of it during a season such as
the past has been.

QUEENS AND FOUL BBOOD.

Many fears have been at different times
expressed with regard to the danger of
spreading the disease of foul brood by the
use of queens shipped from districts where
that disease prevails. To try to find an
.inswer to this question by experimentation
1 .at would warrant the use of such queens is

256

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW.

like trying to prove a negative so that great-
er caution should be exercised in such a
matter than would allow one to place re-
liance upon the favorable results of a dozen
experiments not to say one, for so far as
is yet known though forty nine such queens
might be used without conveying the disease
, the introduction of the fiftieth one might
entail costly consequences. Nevertheless in
feeling my way towards the light on this
question I took a queen from a colony affect-
ed with foul brood of the worst description
and the case was of such a serions nature
that at least one half the brood was dead.
This was on the 20th of last April. This
queen was at once caged and placed in a
healthy colony. This colony was strong
and apparently in excellent condition except
that it was queenless and must have been so
for at least three weeks and was consequent-
ly entirely without brood in any stage.
In thirty six hours the queen was released
and accepted by the bees and began to de -
posit eggs within a few hours. The colony
has prospered as prosperity went during the
season full better than the average of the
colonies in the apiary. It has been carefully
examined at divers times for any appearance
of foul brood but up to the present time no
indication of the disease can be discovered
and it would be entirely safe now I think to
say after the length of time that has elapsed
that it is quite improbable if not impossible
for it now to develope as a result of the
queen. It would not nevertheless as I have
already intimated be safe to conclude that
the disease would never be the result of the
introduction of a queen from a diseased
colony. But it must be confessed that if a
queen taken from a diseased colony and im-
mediately placed in another does not convey
the disease it would appear extremely im-
probable that one which had passed through
the mails in a clean cage could do so. But
t^ere is a contingency to be considered. It
is possible, that, in the colony which is the
subject of the experiment, -as the period
which has elapsed is that during which the
hive contains the largest amount of brood,
a diseased cell or two might have escaped
the closest scrutiny and that the disease
might even lie dormant there for a consid-
erable length of time before the circum-
stances are such as to favor its dissemina-
tion.

The question has been raised before as to
whether foul brood may lose its vitality and

disappear of itself. L. C. Root in his
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping mentions the
fact that it disappeared from his apiary in
1870 without any effort on his part. But it
does not appear that such disapearance
often happens, nor has the cause of such
disappearance been divined. In a former
report I mentioned the case of a colony
which I have had under observation for
several years. At different times it contain-
ed dead brood which seemed to answer in
every point the description required for
foul brood but the disease if such it was kept
at most but a slender hold on the colony.
During the present year observations of the
colony have been continued. From exam-
inations made in April though the disease
itself was not discovered I expected from
general appearances to find it later but so
far it has not done so and the brood has now
every appearance of health.
Lapeee, Mich. Aug. 14, 1895.

Why the Union Doesn't Need the North

American. Some Suggestions if a

Union should be Effected.

DK. A. B. MASON.

^^f^ ELL, Mr.
A A Editor:— I'm
opposed to the
union of the N. A.
B. K. A. and the
Bee - Keeper's
Union, and then
again I'm not. I
had read your
editoral in the
•lune Review, but
yave the matter
little thought till
you asked mt' Lu wiuu something on the
subject for the August number of the Review,
to which request I failed to respond ; and
then you've been at me again, and said " but
two, Mr. Newman and Mr. Secor have
opposed the Union, and as you are opposed
to the union, I am especially anxious to have
your views for the Sept. Review. " You
may regret your rashness.

I consulted the June, -luly and August
Reviews to see what had been said on the
subject, and in your editorial in the June
number, after having admitted that it " is
not possible to make the N. A. a delegated

"HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

257

society on account of the expense, " and
writing two columns in a general way, you
"think it would be better if the N. A. and
the I'nion were merged into one society.
* * * I see no reason why these two soci-
eties should not join forces. "

Looking at the two societies as they are
now organized does your statement show
that there are " no reasons why " they
should »io^ join forces? By no means.

The B. K. Union although laboring under
difficulties at the start has done splendid and
efficient work, and under the present man-
agement, with a splendid, level-headed, hon-
est attorney and bee-keeper at its head, and
that experienced, earnest, successful and
loved general manager at the helm, it has
had every thing its own way, and if you
think it can be better managed, just please
tell us hoiv.

It certainly can't be done by its giving it-
self, soul and body over into the hands of a
society the object of which "is to meet
socially and discuss apiarian topics for
mutual improvement. "

I see no reason why the Union should not
go right on in its good work, and when the
N. A. puts itself on as good a foundation as
the Union is on, and gets to be as respecta-
ble and as much respected as is the Union,
then will be time enough to " marry " if it
can be decided that there is a " blushing
bride " in the case, for there certainly is
none now, although it seems ( but "things
are not always what they seem " ) that there
may be a weakly, sickly organization that
is perfectly willing to enter into the conju-
gal relation and " gobble up " a strong and
stalwart one that has good sound health and
brains, and " stands well on its legs." I
don't believe the Union is yet ready to be
" laid on the shelf " as useless.

The articles of Messrs. Marks, Case,
Clarke and Heddon do not refer ( if I re-
member correctly ) to the union of the N. A.
and the Union, neither does Mr. Pringle's
article of nearly two and a half pages in
the July Review refer to it, except to say in
the last four lines, " I quite agree with the
editor of the Review that a union of the
North American ajiA the Bee Keeper's Union
would be a wise move and to the advantage
of both, and Newman's only objection to
the union of the two societies is summed up
in one sentence of his article, "the Union is
prosperous and successful, and needs no
affiliation." Tine, .vciy word of it. Mr.

Pringle's article on how to secure better or-
ganization is so full of good practical sug-
gestions that it will be well for those inter-
ested in the matter to re-read and think
about the suggestions there made.

Mr. McKnight says that "to meet socially
and discuss apairian topics, for mutual im-
provement is about all that can be said
about the usefulness of the N. A. thus far."
Such being the facts what has the N. A. to
offer the Union for tlie benefits expected to
come to it by a union with the Union. Mr.
McKnight does not put himself on record
either for or against the union of the two
societies.

Mr. Abbott is in favor of the union but
fails to give any reason why such union
would be advisable.

Mr oecor in speaking of the two societies
s:'os • As long as we can obtain such able
administration as has thus far characterized
its management, in the person of Thos. G.
Newman, it looks foolish to try to recon-
struct it or merge it into another organiza-
tion whose aim and object is educational
and advising. " I believe that one sentence
has more good sound sense in it than there
is in all that has been said in favor of the
union.

In one of your editorials you say " the ad-
vantage to the Union would be a face to
face discussion each year that would be of
great advantage. There is scarcely an
organization that does its best unless its
members have a general meeting once a
year. * * * Better work will be done by
the Union when its members hold annual
meetings. " Mr. Editor do you really feel
" in your bones " that any great advantage
would have been gained by the members of
the Union having had " a face to face dis-
cussion " on the work that has been done, or
that " a grand meeting once a year " would
have enabled the Board of Managers to have
done better work than they have done?

Without the aid (?) of " face to face dis-
cussions " or " grand meetings " the Union
has come out ahead every time, and with
the least amount of work and expense, and
it's no wonder that the amount of work and
expense " lessens as the years go by " as
you say.

If, as you intimate, the Union is getting
too heavily ladened with the '• sinews of
war, " why not reduce the membership fee,
but don't let's cripple the Board of Mana-
gi rs by reducing the amount of " available

THE BEE-REEPERS ic

surplus " at their command, for they may
have to look after some adulteration mat-
ters, or swiudling commission men, or some
other fellows one of these days, and to have
a few "sinews" at hand may not come
amiss.

For one I am decidedly in favor of a union
of the two societies, " provided ALWAYS "
that it can be so accomplished that the
efficiency of the work that has been and is
to be done by the Union shall in no way be
impaired.

I believe you are correct in vour statement
that "too many seem to have the habit of
voting ior everything that is proposed, giv-
ing the subject little or no thought. "

Don't the danger in the union of the two
organizations lie right here?

At one meeting of the N. A. B. K. A. the
members present, in their haste and wisdom
fix up the constitution and by-laws to suit
themselves. At the next meeting in another
locality, and with an almost entirely new
membership who have matters in hand, and
with their superior (?) wisdom they do away
with or perhaps remodel the previous year's
action, and the next year with the conven-
tion held perhaps hundreds of miles from
previous meeting places, and again with an
almost entirely new membership this may
give matters a new twist, so that nothing
in its make-up is " stable aud abiding. "
Will it better matters any to have the solid
Union placed at the mercy of such effemi-
nate organization?

Mr. Heddon says " yon are correct, I think,
Mr. Editor, when you say that the probable
reason why organization has done so little
is because bee-keepers haven't been able to
discover its usefulness; and I wish to add
that they haven't yet been able, except in
the case of the bee-keepers' Union, which
was organized for the special purpose of
dignifying our profession, and maintaining
our inalienable rights. " That is well put,
and every member of the Union, yes, and
every bee-keeper ought to feel proud of what
the Union has accomplished.- Why not let
well enough alone? That may be done I
believe, and still a union be effected.

Our Canadian friends have discovered the
usefulness there is in organization, and how
to organize, and the discovery^was made by
hard and persistent work by such men as
Pettit, Cornell, Pringle, McKnight, Holter-
man and a score, more or less, of other earn-
est, active and efficient workers, and if we in

the U. S. would adopt and carry out Mr.
Pringle's suggestions made in the Review,
we too might make a far more creditable
showing.

I believe I'm pretty nearly in the same
boat with Mr. McKnight, and he's in the
same one Dr. Miller has been in so long. I
believe it's name is " I don't know. " Near-
ly all of us might have been in that boat ( I
guess it's a large one ) if we hadn't adopted
the old adage, " a wise head keeps a close
mouth. " It's a very easy matter to say I
don't know, but is that keeping a close
mouth? Without infringing on Dr. Miller's
patent I might perhaps ask a question or
two, or more.

If a union of the societies is considered ad-
visable would it not be well to adopt the name
Bee-Keepers' Union, or the North American
Bee-Keeper's Union, and have its officers
and Board of managers chosen in the same
or some similar way as is now done by the
Union, and so remove the management of
its affairs from the control of those who
join the organization when a convention is
held in their locality ? Then it will not
matter in what part of North America one
lives, he can send his membership fee, and
vote, and feel he is doing something towards
" dignifying our profession, and maintaining
our inalienable rights" as Mr. Heddon puts
it. Conventions can be held so as to give us
a chance to " see the boys, " and girls, and
discuss matters of interest to the fraternity,
but leaving the conducting of our legal and
kindred matters entirely in the hands of the,
or a. Board of Managers composed of the
best business talent in the fraternity.

It certainly can do no harm to discuss the
matter at the Toronto meeting, and so
enable those who have said nothing about
the union to give their views and show what
they door " don't know," and it might be
advisable to choose a commitee of sound,
level-headed, business bee-keepers to con-
sider the matter, and plan for such a
union, said committee to report at the next
annual meeting. Of course, as Mr. New-
man says, no union can be effected without
the consent of both societies.

Another question has frequently occurred to
me and I wonder if it would be in order to ask
it in this connection? Would not a change
in the constitution of the Union so that a
membership could begin at any time the
fee is paid, be desirable? If I am correct,
as at present provided, if one pays his fee

'HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

25a

at auy time during tlio yoiir no matter
whether it be Jan. or Oct., the membership
expires with the year, su that one gets a
year's protection, when the other gets but a
few months for the same amount of money
tlie tirst pays. I know there are objections
to this metiiod but I believe it cannot be
said that it is not right.

Now Mr. Editor, don't editorially ' knock
me into smithereens," for it is possible I
may meet you on Canadian soil, and person-
ally call you to account if you do.

Toledo, Ohio. Aug., 20, 18%.

I My old friend, I will heed your request,
as an editorial reply would be largely a
repetition in another form of what I have
already said. The gist of the whole matter,
as I look at it, is that we are now supporting
two apicultural societies of a national char-
acter, while only one is needed. Better take
what is best in both and uuite it into one
society; and I most heartily agree that im-
porta^it changes and the election of otiicers
would better be done by a vote from all of
the members instead of simply by the few
tliat are in attendance at the yearly con-
vention. There are many points to be con-
sidered. Let us make haste slowly. — Ed. ]

Numbering Hives, and Dispensing wi«h
Honey Boards,

C. C. MILLEK.

N page 235 you
ask, Mr. Editor,
^^^Q^ why weshouldnum-

»^ \ ber our hives, and

* --• W clearly indicate that

you think it miF-
d i r ected energy.
After reading the
Review, I said to
my assistant while
at work, "Mr.
Hutchinson doesn't
believe in number-
ing hives. " She
looked up and innocently asked. " What
does he do ? Name 'em?" Taking the hint
from her, I might answer, " We number our
hives because it is simpler aud easier than
any other way of naming them. " Then you
will ask, "Why should we name them? " I
answer by asking, " Why should we name
our ciiildrenV " We give them names, for

one thing, so that we may call to each one
when we wish, and that's a reason that
doesn't apply to giving names to bees. But
do you know of any other reason for giving
names to children or to grown people that
doesn't with more or less force apply to giv-
ing names to colonies of bees?

I'm not insisting that you should give
names or numbers to your bees, but I am
insisting that it is a necessity for me.
Sometimes I want to talk about them, and
when I want to talk about a particular col-
ony, it's easier to designate it as No. 4 than
to speak of it as the hive that stands under
the west side of the apple tree that has the
crooked body. Don't you ever want to talk
about particular colonies?

Do you ever want to remember anything
about a particular colony? I do, constantly.
So many times that I can't trust to memory
alone, but must take written memoranda.
How can I do that unless I have some sort
of name for each colony? And of course a
number is only a name.

After trying the plan of keeping a little
history of each colony a year or two you
abandoned it as a waste of time. I've been
trying it for 25 years, and I'm snre it has
saved me a great deal of time, not running
as an experimental apiftry but as " the or-
dinary apiary run for honey."
I . I want to know the ages of my queens.
I might keep track of that by the manner in
which the wings are clipped, but generally I
want to know without looking into the hive.
If I keep box hives, and let the bees swarm
at their own sweet will, then I could get
along without numbers. But it seems to me
that movable frames presuppose moving
the frames, and if the frames are to be
handled I suppose all are not alike to be •
handled at the same time and in the same
way, but the handling depends on some-
thing previous that must be remembered or
written down, and \wlien you remember or
write yon need a name or a number.

By having a book of record, I can by look-
ing over it plan my work ahead, and this I
often do on the way to an out-apiary, thus
saving time that would otherwise be occu-
pied after my arrival. So important is this
book, that if I should forget it I should
sometimes feel almost compelled to go back
home and get it before commencing the
days work.

We owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Heddon
for inventing the slat honey-board, because

260

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

it helped us to have clean sections when we
knew no better way. Bnt when we can have
top- bars so constructed that honey-boards
are unnecessary, then I vote honey boards a
nuisance.

Even after reading your plea for them on p.
32G, I still want to be rid c f them. You say
they can be had for ten cents each, and they
last a life-time. Mine cost a good bit more
than that, and they haven't lasted a life time,
for many of them are used up now. Neither
do they any longer work perfectly, for the
bees build a good many|burr combs between
the honey- board aud the sections.

You say accurate spacing of top-bars has
not yet been solved, " as the journals are yet
describing methods for spacing." Because
they are describing improvements as to the
best method of securing accurate spacing
don't argue that accurate spacing has not
been reached. You know very well that
years ago accurate spacing was obtained by
driving nails in the side of the top- bar.

You say that it may be necessary to re-
move a super from the top of the hive per-
haps a dozen times during the lioney season.
You then ask, " Isn't it better that this
operation should be performed without the
muss and bother of even a few broken
combs?" Decidedly yes, but what has that
to do with the case? I think no one pleads it
is better to have the muss than to have the
honey-board, but if the muss can be got r d
of without the triennial muss of the honey-
board, aud in a cheaper and better way,
then shouldn't we adopt the better way ?

You say that frames with spacers do away
with the lateral movement, necessitating a
larger hive to take iu a dummy, merely to
get rid of a honey-board that is often need-
ed as a queen excluder. For years I used
loose hanging frames without a dummy, and
after giving both a fair trial I have for
years used hanging frames with a dummy,
and whether loose or fixed frames were to
be used, if I were having all my hives made
anew, each one of them should have a dum-
my. So in my case the expense of the dum-
my mustn't be set down to tlie fixed spacing.
]Slost of my hives have still the loose hang-
ing frames, and in both kinds of hives I
first remove the dummy, aud then the fixed
spacing has the advantage as to lateral move-
ment, for the fixed spacing gives just as free
lateral movement as the other, with the dis-
tinct advantage that instead of moving only
one frame at a time I often move eight. I

do not know that a honey-board is ever
needed as an excluder, that is, I do not know
that it is needed to act as an excluder when
used as a honey-board.

Now there's nothing little about me, and
I'm magnanimous enough to give you fu'l
permission to run your bees two years out of
three in box hives, and to have them with-
out numbers, but I'm not going to be forced
into following your lead.

Please tell us for what purpose you think
it is necessary to go into your hives that third
year.

Marengo, Ills. Aug. 13, 1895.

Necessity for Organization, and a Sugges-
tion to try the Method Employed by
Fraternal Bodies.

A. E. DAGGITT.

M

AN is natur-
ally a social
being. We in-
stinctively seek
the company of
others. Too little
social intercourse
with our fellows
begets selfish-
ness, and selfish-
ness is degrading;
while proper as-
sociation with
others refines our natures, enlarges and ex-
pands the mind, and makes life better worth
living.

Not only is it natural for people to mingle
together for social purposes, but it is also
natural for those of the same business or
occupation to get together to discuss mat-
ters relating to their own pursuit. This
woula naturally lead to a desire to co-operate
for the purpose of securing some benefits
not easily obtained or not olitainable at all
except by collective effort.

Whatever may prompt the desire for co-
operation, it certainly is universal : in fact co-
operation is one of the most potent factors
iu the accomplishment of human designs.
Without it the human race could scarcely
exist at all.

Except to a limited extent, co-operation is
only practicable by means of organization .

J

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

261

Organization is the mechanism by which it
performs its operations. Without organiza-
tion co-operative effort would lead to failure,
chaos taking the plan of order, weakness
the plan of strength. Organization is a
principle of nature. We come into this
world organized beings. We are born mem-
bers of the nation and of society. By no act
of our own do we become members of ei-
ther, unless we are naturalized citizens.

So many and so various are the kinds of
organizations and the purposes for which
they are formed, that this is distinctively an
age of organization. There is no interest
worthy of the name, except agricultural in-
terests, that is not fully organized. Why
should such interests be indifferent to so
important a matter? It is doubtful if any
pursuit needs organization more than agri-
catural pursuits, yet no class is as much be-
hind in this matter as are agriculturists.
The members of the bee-keeping pursuit
are too intelligent a class to be lagging be-
hind that in which, under proper managment
ought to bring to them important benefits.
Instead of asking what benefits they would
receive from organization, they should go to
work and adopt a proper system of organi-
zation, and by means of it, endeavor to
secure those benefits which should follow
properly directed effort, as surely as the
night follows the day. If adequate benefits
do not follow such endeavor, it will not be
the fault of the principle of co-operative
organization, but of the bee-keepers them-
selves.

I do not favor an inter-national society.
This country and Canada should each have
a proper national society. About all of the
advantages of an inter-national society
could be secured by the affiliation of the two
societies for certain purposes. What may
be to the advantage of the bee-keepers of
one country may not be to the advantage
of those of the other, and what those of one
country may wish, those of the other may not
approve, and so on. Questions of national
concern may arise that bee-keepers of the
country concerned have alone the right to
decide. Inter-national conferences for the
discussion of matters of general interest are
well enough, and these could be secured by
affiliation of two national societies ; but
what our country especially needs is a suit-
able national society of its own for the
protection and advancement of our pursuit.

Success in organizations among our bee-
keepers can only be secured by means of
such a society. With the exception of the
Bee-Keepers' Union, whose field of opera-
tions is limited, our bee-keeping organiza-
tions are little if any better than societies
for discussing matters relating to bee-keep-
ing, and are entirely inadequate to the wants
of the pursuit. We are greatly in need of a
society that can not only discuss and delib-
erate on subjects of interest to us, but has
the authority to speak and act for us when
necessary. The sooner we have such a so-
ciety the better.

The question therefore arises what is the
best system of organization to adopt? For
my part I do not like the plan of forming
smaller societies and uniting them into a
large society. Such a system is limited in
scope and cannot very well secure the largest
membership. Besides it is a weak form of
organization, being based on the principle
of union instead unity. Union may run
through all degrees from mere adhesion to
perfect cohesion. Unity can only mean
oneness.

I will describe a system of organization
that I think will answer the purpose better
than any other. It is as near a natural system
of organization as can be devised, and it can
be varied as desired to suit the circumstan-
ces. Although based on the principle of
unity and consolidation, there need not
necessarily be a centralization of powers ;
but on the other hand the different powers
and duties can be distributed as desired. It
is this: let a national bee-keepers' society be
formed of which each individual that joins
it, becomes directly a member and not in-
directly through a smaller society in a union
with other smaller societies. As good a.
name as any for it would be the National
Bee-Keepers' Association of the United
States. Besides a set of regular officers, I
think it should have a board of directors
composed of the officers and a certain
number of other members of the society.

The members in certain districts of coun-
try are to be organized into parts called
branches and sections, and still smaller
parts can be formed, if advisable, called
sub-sections. Each part to have its own
officers and when necessary, its board
or executive committee. The branches
should, I think, include the members in
several States, and the sections could include
a State, or only bee-keeping sections need

262

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV IE i*

be organized. Sections can be formed in
territory not covered by branches as well as
in territory covered by them ; in fact, neither
kind of parts need cover all of the country,
for only distinctively bee-keeping territory
need be organized into parts ; yet no bee-
keeper in our country will be excluded from
membership in the society. Should any
part choose to give up its organization it can
do so, and yet its members will still be mem-
bers of the society. This is probably the
most complete system of general, district
and local organization. Could anything be
more perfect?

I think that once in two or three years is
often enough to hold the general meetings
of the society. Annual meetings are too
costly and make too much trouble. The
meetings of the parts should be held an-
nually, and everything should be done to
make all the meetings interesting. Reports
of the work done by the society, and its
parts should be issued each year for the
benefit of the members. As every true
patriot prizes more highly his national
citizenship, so each member will be apt to
take more pride in his membership of the
general society than in any of its parts, and
herein is one of the greatest advantages of
this system of organization. For this reason
I believe it will secure a larger membership
than any other system.

The general meetings and the meetings of
the parts I would have consist of two kinds
of members — representative and honorary.
The first to be chosen by the members of
the society in proportion to members, and
the latter to be such members of the society
as may attend the meetings. The object of
this arrangement is to secure all the ad-
vantages of a representive body and a mass
meeting combined in one — to bring out the
best thought among bee-keepers, and to
give those bee-keepers of the surrounding
country where the meetings are held a chance
to have a general good time with their broth-
er bee-keepers who attend the meetings, for
social features of such meetings should not
be over-looked, but should be brought out
as prominently as prudence and circum-
stances will permit. Bee-keepers as well as
all other agriculturists should get away from
home once a year and mingle together and
leave behind for a short time, at least, the
cares and perplexities of life. Only repre-
sentive members of the meetings are to have
the right to vote at the meetings. This

system of organization is offered to the bee-
keepers of our country for their consider
ation and it is hoped will meet with their
favor.

White House Sta., N. J., Aug. 8, 1895.

[When I first read over the article of our
New Jersey friend it seemed to me that
about the only new thing that he had to offer
was that of reversing the plan that has
usually been proposed. Almost every one ■
has urged the forming of local societies, and ■
having these tributary to State societies and
the States tributary to a national society.
This seems to be a very natural course, the ■
rivulets forming brooks, and the brooks ■
uniting in a river. Mr. Daggitt's plan seem-
ed to be simply the forming of a river and
then dividing it up into branches, but I think
it is something more than that. If I mis-
take not he would advocate the plan of
organization adopted by some of the frater-
nal orders. Odd Fellows and Free Masons
have lodges all over the country yet a
member of one of these is a member
of the great organization as it exists all
over the country. There is also, occasionally, i
I must confess I don't know how often, a i
grand rally from all over the country. This,
to a certain extent, corresponds to our year-
ly convention. I do think that the time is
ripe for a better organization among bee-
keepers, and no plan that has about it the
air of feasibility should be cast aside un-
considered.— Ed. ]

|t^^A;^<;^

Notes From Foreign Journals.

F. li. THOMPSON.

T EipziGER BiENENZEiTUNG. — Herr Pehl
O sent samples of foul brood to Dr. Koch
of Berlin, apparently the one famous for his
investigations of microbes, who cultivated
the £oul brood germs from the samples. What
Dr. Koch thought about it Herr Pehl does
not say, but as he goes on to give an
opinion in his own person, we may suppose
that he obtained it from Dr. Koch. This
opinion is that as the foul brood bacillus be-
longs to the family of fungi which increase
by division, which depend on a certain de-
gree of moisture for their existence, and as
all remedies must necessarily be given in a
weak solution to avoid killing the bees,
they will be not only not effectual against

THJa BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

263

the germ, l)ut will eveu supply it with one
esseutial to its existeuco, viz. moisture: and
that the only reliable preveutive is to keep
the hives prefectly dry at all times. Of
course, this is all theory, a part of which is
directly contradicted by the experience of
some who have tried the ordinary germi-
cides; but the other part tiiids snpport in a
fact which Mr. Mclntyre of California,
mentioned in the Review a few years ago,
that apiaries in shady situations were more
apt to be affected than others. The in-
spector of this country has j.lso told me that
he has found more foul broody colonies in
sh'^ded locations than in exposed ones.
Mere location, however, has by no means
been a " reliable preventive. "

Further support of the theory that dryness
is effectual against foul brood is given by
Herr Martin, who strewed chloride of lime
on the bottom-boards of his hives. The dis-
ease disappeared after some weeks. He has
been using the remedy for two years
( whether because the foul brood broke out
again, or as a preventive, he does not say ),
and his bees are now healthy and strong.
Twice last year he produced foul brood and
cured it again, to be sure of the matter.
Some care is needed to avoid driving the
bees out of the hives. Not more than a tea-
spoonful should be used at a time, and the
bottom-board should be separated from the
frames by a distance of at least three inches.
He swept off the chloride of lime, and made
a fresh application, every eight days. As
this is an external application, while the ly-
sol cure is internal, it might hasten matters
to employ both at once, if each will have
been proved to be effectual.

Young queens, says K. Beyen, who has
closely observed the matter, very seldom fail
to find their own hives, no matter how they
are placed. The true reason for having
hives some distance apart is to prevent the
workers of neighboring hives from acting as
guards when they should not, at each other's
entrances instead of their own. If one such
bee attacks a queen which has come to the
right place, the others are excited, and her
fate is sealed. Hives may be placed close
together if some arrangement is made to
prevent neighboring bees from running
back and forth. This accords with Graven-
horst, and would explain Mr Langdon's
poor success in getting (jueena mated in the
house apiary.

Apropos of the fact that the bees of an
after-swarm are more considerate of their
virgin queen than those of the old colony,he
relates a curious experience. A queen of an
after swarm, on returning, was attacked by
one of the bees at the entrance. The others
became greatly excited, but instead of ball-
ing the queen, as was to be expected, they
fell on the attacking bee and killed it, and
accompained the queen into the hive with
the customary marks of respect.

The apifuge mentioned in the July issue
should be full strength when used in the
smoker.

L, Apicultube. — L. Fonrcassie, secretary
of one of the French associations, says in
describing an exposition : "I notice some
tumblers [ of honey J of an extraordinary
whiteness, but it was certainly taken from
picked frames, newly sealed. It is not a
honey of commerce; the proprietors could
certainly not show more vessels of the qual-
ity than those which were displayed. That
is one of the errors of the exposition."
This summer I produced three cans of extra
white ho ney by getting the very first honey
stored, before any sunflowers were in bloom,
in shallow combs one year old, which had
never contained brood. But except in fa-
vored localities such honey is not ordinarily
obtained unmixed. Mrs. Harrison, in her
answer to Query !)5St of the American Bee
Journal, speaks of having exhibited some
very light-colored honey which was secured
by extracting from the whitest combs.
Last fall I lost a sale of light amber honey
because the party had seen some such water-
white honey at the fair ( no doubt labeled
" Extracted Alfalfa Honey "as if it was the
ordinary article ) and would not be satisfied
with anything unlike it. Moral: exposition
labels should not only tell the truth, but the'
whole truth, and average color should be
shown as well as the lightest. The public
may make the necessary limitations when it
sees big pumpkins, but is not competent to
do so in the case of honey.

The society of apiculture in Russia, found-
ed at St. Petersburgh in 1889, adopted a twin
hive, each part containing ten frames 15X
inches long by 10 3-5 deep. The hive is
double-walled, and judging from the exte-
rior and interior dimensions, allows of pack-
ing, the difference between the dimensions
making each end \}-2 inches thick, and each
side 'A% inches. This hive dispenses with
the collar wintering employed in Russia.

264

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

The hives in the open air and those with
their entrance to the north are those which
wintered best in the cold spells of 37 to 38
degrees centigrade [ apparently below zero,
or— 34.6 to — 3G.4°F.] of the winter of 1888—
89; in spring they developed in population
before all the others. Until now, high
frames have been recommended for moist
and cold countries. "We would not call
their " low frames" shallow, however.
L' Apicoltobe. — Queen cells, says the editor,
which are short and thick, and roughened
clear to the point with depressions like the
rudiments of worker cells, instead of being
smooth and thin at the point like normal
queen-cells, contain a dead larva, usually
only two or three days old, which has been
closed in by the bees. He observed two
such cases this year.

When the queen of a swarm is wanted, his
method is not to watch the swarm for her as
it runs in a hive, but to allow it to enter a
hive containing some empty combs, which
are searched for the queen in an hour or
two.

The swarm on finding itself qneenless will
return to the old hive.

He once fed 1500 watermelons, many of
which were unripe, worth in all $19,50, to
his apiary of 100 colonies, from the middle
of August until the end of September, when
there was an absolute dearth of forage. It
would have cost him those times as much to
have fed honey or sugar. The bees did well
on their food, and even stored a few pounds
of surplus, which was of good body, but lit-
tle colored, and very agreeable in taste.
Twenty or more a day were fed, according
to size. He does not say whether the bees
wintered on that food; but it is to be pre-
sumed they did, for the next season, though
there was a little flow of honey, he again fed
watermelons " to complete their winter pro-
visions " from which it would appear that it
did not hurt them. Care was taken that the
juice they obtained was fresh every day. He
noticed that they voided the watery i)ortion
during their return to the hiVe, at a distance
of only a few yards from the feeding-place.
Before feeding the fresh melons, he had
tried boiling the pulp with a little water, but
thejbees took little notice of it.

Dr. Dubini notices that " some " bees
work on his strawberries.

Abvada, Colo.

Aug. 1, 1895.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Tebms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more,
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Revisw
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued.

FLINT, MICHIGAN, SEP. 10. 1895.

A Honey Knife may be kept sharp, so
writes Rambler to Gleanings by fastening a
whetstone to the place where the cappings
are wiped off by drawing the knife across.

AN EA8TEEN BEE-KEEPEB's OPINION OF CUB
APIAEIAN SOCIETIES.

One of the most extensive bee-keepers of
N . Y., if not the most extensive, has written
me a private letter from which I extract the
following sentences: —

•' I am of the opinion that, outside of the
social feature, conventions have outlived
their usefulness. Instead of uniting the
Union with the North American, merge the
latter into the former, and incorporate oth-
er business matters, such as legislation,
freight rates, crop statistics, marketing, etc.
Committees could meet as often as necessa-
ry, but a general meeting might not be
necessary oftener than once in four years. "

UPON WHAT PLAN SHOULD THE NOBTH AMEBI-
OAN AND THE UNION UNITE ?

In a late number of the American Bee
Journal, in reply to a query, quite a number
of correspondents express their views in re-
gard to the proposed amalgamation of the
North American and the Union. R. L.
Taylor regrets that so much time is spent in
discussing the advisability of a union instead
of suggesting plans upon which a union
should be effected. If it isn't advisable to
join forces of what use is it to discuss plans ?

After the bee-keeping world decides that
such a union is desirable, then a discussion
of plans will be in order. It must be admit-
ted, however, that the advisability of a union
may largely depend upon the plan adopted
for a reorganization. All these things need
careful consideration and thorough discus-
sion.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' BE VIEW.

265

SELECTION OF WOllKEKS IN MAILING yUEENS
LONQ DISTANCES.

Last fall I had some correspondence with
Mr. Frank Benton in re^'ard to mailing
queens across the ocean, and his instruction
in regard to a selection of the accompanying
workers wast as follows: "In selecting
workers for the journey do not put in more
than two or three that have tilled their bodies
with honey, but select, for the most part,
such as have empty or nearly empty houey-
sacs and none, of course, that are too old —
only those that are bright and young though
preferably such as have ttown. I generally
put in two or three that have honey in their
sacs (they feed the queen at once), two or
three just emerged if such a re present, but
old enough to cling well, and the rest such as
are five or ten days or two weeks old as it
happens."

NUMBERING HIVES.

If a man is experinentally inclined, and
desires to keep a record of each colony,
numbers are a necessity. I admitted that
last mouth. Dr. Miller seems to be exactly
that kind of a man. lie also has a lady
assistant who warmly seconds him in this
hobby. Of course, they want to talk about
the experiments, and sometimes one picks
up the work where the other drops it. For
these reasons a record and numbers are
necessary. I wish the Dr. would tell us just
what benefit is derived from this kind of
work. A brother of mine once worked with
me several years and we tried just such a
scheme only to drop it as of so little benefit
as not to be worth its cost.

Of course, we sometimes had to refer to
some particular hive and did it exactly as
the Dr. says. It was " Third hive from the
outer end of the northeast row, " or some-
thing of that Fort. Of course, it soiinds
awkward, but the saying of a few words is
the easiest thing in the world.

If simply producing honey for market I
see but little more use for numbering the
hives than in numbering the trees in a sap
bush, the sheep in the pasture, or the trees
in an orchard. If I visited an apiary it
would be with some definite purpose. If in
the early spring to see if any colonies need-
ed feeding by taking combs of honey from
those having plenty, I should go at the work
systematically, and go throught the whole
apiary and then go home. Numbers would
not help. If to put on supers, I should put

supers on colonies needing them. Numbers
wouldn't help. If I went to take off honoy,
numbers wouldn't show me its location. It
is the same with all kinds of work — it should
be self evident.

The Dr. wants to know the ages of his
queens. I don't care anything about it. I
let the bees attend to this matter of super-
seding. It may be better to have all young
queens, but I believe that the labor and ex-
pense of rearing and introducing queens
will pretty nearly offset the advantage.

The Dr. speaks about the handling of
frames depending upon something previous
that must be remembered. This may be
true sometimes, but, with me, it is very
seldom. I don't handle frames until I see a
necessity for it, and then I handle them
right then and there. Sometimes it is
necessary to make a hive for future attention,
and then I mark it by laying a stone on it,
or something of that sort. If necessary I
write on the hive with a pencil. All this
seems so much more simple, quick and easy,
than being eternally burdened with a pencil
and a book and the writing down of num-
bers and this and that.

IS APIS DOBSATA WANTED ?

I don't know whether it is or not, and I
don't believe any one else does. It is larger
than the bees that are now in this country,
but we don't know that this would be an ad-
vantage. About the only thing we needed a
larger bee for was to woi k on red clover, and
now that that is not being raised much more,
this point does not count. It is not believed
that this big, Indian giant would cross with
our ordinary honey bees, and, if it would,
the outcome is a problem. It is thought that
it might make its home in the tree tops of-
the South, building its combs on the
branches in the open air, as is its custom in
its far away home, and thus furnish honey
and wax. It would be in very poor shape
and difficult of access, and would take honey
from fields that might much better be occu-
pied by our domestic bees. Some seem to
think that the scheme of importing them at
government expense is fostered by Mr.
Frank Benton that he may get the job of go-
ing after them. Well, perhaps it is. I
should not be surprised if this were true,
but this ought not to hinder us from looking
at the question from a broad standpoint. If
we do want Apis Dorsata, I must say I pre-
sume there is do better man to go after them

266

THE BEE-KEEPERS u^/-^

than is Mr. Benton, but it is the uncertainty
as to whether we need them that makes me
doubt the wisdom of the step. English
sparrows were imported into this country,
and in some places they "oust" the native
birds, and are no good themselves. Of
course, Apis Uorsata might never increase
sufficiently to rob our domestic bees of their
pasture, and it may be that it would be pos-
sible to domesticate them, but when we don't
know what to do, don't let us do we don't
know what.

HONEY BOARDS VEKSUS BIG TOP BAKS.

In this issue of the Review is to be found
an article in which Dr. Miller combats my
views regarding the use of honey boards.
The editor of Gleanings also takes issue
with me in the last number of his journal.

Yes, I know Dr. that accurate spacing has
been secured, but not by any method against
which objections cannot be brought.
The old system of driving nails into the side
bars, to which you refer as having been in
use for years, has seen but little improve-
ment. I have used the nails, and they are
always catching upon something, and in
uncapping, the honey knife will get onto
these nails and become knicked and dulled
in spite of all one can do.

It is asked if the muss attendant upon the
removal of the honey board can be avoided
should it not be done? Unless we sacrifice
too many other advantages in securing this,
yes. Right here comes in a vital point that
has not been settled in this discussion— per-
haps it cannot. Do the wide, accurately
•spaced top bars prevent the building of
brace and burr combs to such an extent that
it is practicable to dispense with the honey
board? Both the Dr. and the editor of Glean-
iugs assume that they do. In the main api-
ary at Medina but little if any surplus
honey is secured. I know something of the
kind is done at an out-apiary but how much
I do not know. Unless 1 am mistaken,
the Dr. has raised but little honey since
beginning the use of this style of top bar.
At the World's Fair convention this subject
was up for discussion and there was great
diversity of opinions; varying all the way
from those as enthusiastic as the Doctor
and our Medina friend, to those who said
that the top bars were of but little hindrance
to the building of burr combs. That the
honey board does prevent the building of
such combs no one disputes. It is a fad.

It is possible that quite a number of bee
keepers using the ordinary loose-fitting,
hanging frames have dummies in their
hives, but the Dr. is the first one that I ever
knew who indulged in the practice. I see
no use for them. Self- spacing frames are,
of course, easily handled after one frame or
a dummy is out. I used self-spacing frames
several years when I first began bee keep-
ing. They are a great aid in preventing
bulging, but I should many times hesitate
about pulling out a comb of the Langstroth
pattern from the center of the brood nest,
after pressing the frames apart only one-
fourth of an inch, as the editor of Gleanings
says that he does. He also says that he
doesn't take so much ' stock " as formerly
in " outside diagnosis ; " thinks that we
often lose by trusting to it too much. I
presume we do, but don't we lose by spend-
ing our time in looking for imaginary trou-
bles? For instance, I used to always exam-
ine colonies having young queens to see if
they had successfully mated and commen-
ced laying Once in a great while I would
find that one was lost and I supplied a
queen. I don't do this any more. Suppose
a queen is lost, the hive, combs and honey
( that would have been converted into bees )
are left, and there is a better chance in the
fields for the other bees. It is the same with
other things. As a rule I don't open a hive
unless there are some external iridications of
trouble, and I am sure that I am the gainer
by the practice.

I should be glad to hear from my sub-
scribers on this subjectof honey boards ver-
sus accurately spaced, wide top bars. If I
am wrong no one is more anxious to know it
than is myself.

Crimson Clover— It is not a Success in
Michigan.

The Micliigan Exiierimeutal Station has
gotten out a bulletin on crimson clover. It
describes the clover as follows: —

"This clover is an annual, living but one
year. If sown in the spring it makes a small
growth, comes rapidly to maturity, ripens
its seed the same season, then dies. If sown
during the summer or early fall it develops
more slowly and, where the winters are not
too severe, lives over, completes its growth
and matures its seed the next year. Sown
late in the season it attains a larger growth

THE BEE-KREPERS REVIEW,

267

than when sown in tho spring, besides
occupyintj the laud at a time wlien it is not
required for otlier croi)s. In Delaware,
Maryland and other states where tliis clover
is successfully grown, this is the lime of
sowing nearly always recDmnieuded and
adopted. The advantage of a clover which
will succeed when sown late after certain
crops have been harvested, and which will
come on so as to be cut for hay or turned
under as a fertilizer the following spring in
time for other crops that year are obvious,
and where Crimson clover will do this it is
not suprising that it has become popular.
The chief doubt in regard to its success in
Michigan has been as to its ability to with
stand the winters. Crimson clover is a
native of Italy and other parts of southern
Europe, while red clover, mammoth clover
and Alsike range in theirnative state farther
north on that continent. Crimson clover is
not new to this country but has only recent-
ly begun to attract general attention here.
Last year for the first time it was sown in
sufficient quantities in Michigan to furnish
any satisfactory evidence as to its probable
success in this state. The following state-
ments have therefore been collected this
spring, (1895), consisting almost entirely of
the experience of persons who sowed this
clover the past season:"

Here follows reports from about forty
persons who have given the clover a trial.
Out of this number only two could be call-
ed successful, and the bulletin concludes
with the following words: —

" .Judging mainly from the experience of
the past season, it seems probably that over
most of the lower peninsula of Michigan,
Crimson clover will not prove to be a satis-
factory crop, though for certain locations,
particularly along the western part of the
state, it seems worthy of farther trial.
Under ordinary circumstances a smaller
growth is to be expected here than in
warmer climates."

Starved Brood in a Hive Containing Plenty
of Stores.

Many have wondered how there could be
starved brood in a hive having plenty of
stores. Mr McEvoy explains it as follows
in the American Bee -Jonrual.

" Years ago, \yhen I found any dead brood
in a hive of bees, the first thought that came
to my mind was to find out the cause of
death and how to prevent it. By a close ex-
amination of the condition of things in the
brood-chambers, after the sudden shutting
off of honey-flows, and watching the effects
of feeding bees at such times, or uncapping
the sealed honey in the colonies so as to
keep the bees well supplied with plenty of
unsealed stores to feed the larvte well, just
the same as they always do when they are
gathering and storing honey very fast— I
soon discovered that brood often dies of
starvation when the honey-flows are badly
checked in the breeding season by frosts,

very dry weather, or many days of rain.
When these checks take place, the bees
soon use up the unsealeil. stores, and then
they won't uncap the sealed honey fast
enough to keep pace with the amount of
brood that requires feeding just then ; and
then the result will be some starved brood,
here and there, right in some of the strong-
est, as well as in the very weakest, colonies.
Some of the starved brood will be found on
its back, and turned up a little in cells
ready to cap or seal ; in some of the capped
cells a small pin-hole will be found in the
capping of an odd cell where there is much
of the brood starved. The starved brood in
some cells will be white at first, and sunken
down in a shapeless mass, and many of the
small larvfv won't have a particle of food,
and will look like little, shriveled-up worms
in their cells.

VVl ea the colonies have plenty of unseal-
ed stores, the brood will always be found
plump aud very fat, and the most of the
small larvcT? will be almost floating in food.
The very dry season that we have had has
dried everything up so that the bees cannot
get enough honey in many parts of Ontario
to feed the brood rightly. "

Crimson Clover.
In reply to the inquiries of a correspondent,
the Country Gentleman has the following to
say of Crimson clover: —

" It is not superior to red clover, nor does
it displace it. It is an addition to the list of
valuable clovers, and tills a place hitherto
vacant. It may be sown during .Tuly or
August among growing crops of corn, beans,
tomatoes, etc., or on land especially prepared
for it from which an earlier crop has been
removed. Twelve to fifteen pounds of seed
should be sown per acre on freshly-worked
soil. A light harrowing or rolling after sow-
ing is beneficial. It makes winter and early
spring pasture, or a tine crop of hay that
matures in May, or it may be plowed down
at that time for corn or other summer crops.
Crimson clover makes its growth very early
in the season, and when it ripens its first and
only crop of seed, the whole piant dies. It
is not perennial like red clover, but the seed
must be sown every year. If sown early
enough to secure a heavy fall growth and a
strong root before winter, it seems to be
hardy in many sections of New York. It is
well worthy of trial. "

How Doolittle Unites Bees.

As a rule the uniting of bees is put off un-
til to late. Colonies made by uniting late in
the season do not usually winter well. By
the right management there will be little
quarrelling or trouble from bees going back
to their old location. Mr. Doolittle tells in
the American Bee Journal how he manages
these points and I copy most of his article.

" In the first place, the queens in a part
of the colonies are to be taken away and dis-

268

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

posed of ill some wny, either by selling tiiein
or destroyint^. If sold, of course you will
sell only tiood qneeus; but if killed, then the
poorest iire the ones to select out. By thus
selecting and killing the poorest we can
improve our apiary in ijuality, as well as to
save buying sugar to feed. Hut were there
no difference in the (lueeiis I would remove
all l)ut those I expected to winter over, for so
far as 1 have practiced this plan, I lind that
(lueenless bees are less inclined to quarrel,
and are more disponed to stay where put,
than are those having (jueens.

Having the (jueens dii-posed of, from the
colonies which are to be united, wait three
days to a week ( three days in any event, so
the colonies may realize their (lueenless-
uess ) for some cool, cloudy day, when it is
a few degrees colder than the bees desire to
lly in, when you will find the bees all clus-
tered compactly, sometliing the way they are
in winter. When taking the qutens away,
take all the combs f rt)m the hive but three,
unless (he colony is too large, leaving only
those wliich contain the most honey. 'I'he
combs left are to be spread apart from ■'.! to
an inch, setting them out two or tliree inch-
es from the sides of the hive, so that the bees
may be all clustered on these combs instead
of hanging to the sides, or any part of the
hive. 'J'he hive which is to receive these
bees and combs is to be also prepared be-
forehand, by taking away all the combs but
three or four, those left being the ones
having the most honey in them, said combs
being placed close to one side of the hive.

When tlie right day arrives as to tempera-
ture, light the smoker put on your bee-veil,
for in following the j)lan described you may
not be able to use the hands to get a stinging
bee off the face as you otherwise would; but
during a part of the operation, both hands
will be so employed that you cannot use
them at anything else. Now go to the hive
having the queen and uncover it, giving the
bees a little smoke to keep t hem quiet, and
leaving the hive open so that you can set the
other frames rigiit in without any hindrance.
Next go to one of those you took the queen
from, blowing smoke in at the entrance
(juito freely while uncovering the hive.
Hlow a few pulfsof smoke around the combs
and over them, when the smoker is to be set
down, and the front lingers placed between
the first two frames near their ends, the
large fingers between the second and last
frames, while the third and little fingers are
I)laced beyond the third frame. Now close
up with the thumbs and all of the fingers,
thus lifting the frames and cluster of bees all
out of the hive at once, when they are to
l)e carried to tiie open hive where they are to
stay, and set down in it all together, close
up to the frames of fjees that are in this hive.
(to back and get the smoker, and blow
smoke enough on the bees to keep tliem
down, when you can arrange the frames, di-
vision-board and hive, as you like, without
very many, if any, bees flying.

Should a few bees stick to the hive you
took the frames out of, bring the hive to the
one having the united colony in it, and
brush them out on top of the frames, as they
will be pretty well chilled by this time. In

doing this you will have to smoke those in
the united colony pretty well, or many will
lly at you, for these partly-chilled bees will
throw their poison out on their stings so that
the scent of it will anger the bees of that
colony that are in the united hive.

If you fixed all as it should be when tak-
ing the (lueeu away and preparing for unit
ing, and smoked the bees as I have told,
there will he only now and then one that will
re(iuiro this last operatien, as all will be
snugly clustered on the combs.

Close the hive as soon as you haye things
fixed to suit you, when everything is to be
removed from the stand of the colony that
was united with the other, so that, when the
bees come to fly on the first warm day, they
will find that all which looks like their old
home is gone. Some bees will fly or hover
over the old spot where home was, but, not
finding it, return to the united colony, hav-
ing marked their new location enough on
flying out to know where to go, seeing the
old home is not found.

In this way I never have had any quarrel-
ing of bees, nor any queens killed, and it is
so simple and easy that I like it much the
best of any plan of uniting bees in the fall,
and hero give it in time so that all who wish
can take advantage of it."

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

B. E. HASTY.

'' nIGHTING " of the queens heard in the
i^ hives of Michigan's apiary, eh? First
the dull thud as No. 1 plants the heel of her
big boot in No 'i's ribs; then No. 2 has No.
1 by the " bangs " and bangs her head
against the division board — sending forth
an indescribable mixture of jungle and
smash, such as the man who never wrapped
his ample ear around a hive hath no proper
conception of. Review 'J'i8.

Looks a little as though I was a convicted
slanderer in intimating, as I did last month,
that the public departments published plates c
in the style of which Gleanings was recently
guilty — nothing to show which was which,
or what species were being illustrated. The
Washington ofBoe immediately sent me a
copy of the plate in (juestion, and the gen-
eric name of the species which furnished
each leg is given. By the way, all six are
distant relatives of the honey bee. The
honey bee itself and its nearest relatives of
the meliponas and bumble bee, till another
plate; and both plates should have been
taken if either was.

HEDDON'S QUARTERLY.

This has at last got through with its

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

2G9

f roubles with Uncle Sam ami been admitted
to the mails: and its proper name, Bee-
Keepers' Quarterly, yoes up to mast head
attain.

In the second number of tlio year the lead-
ing place, both in position luid importance,
is given to an exposition of Mr, Heddon's
method since his last improvements. He
makes the key of out door wintering to be
packing — but not with cliaff — something
more solid, and not over two inches thick.
This is to utilize the winter sunshine, and
the importance of a dark colored exterior
surface is strongly urged.

If cellar wintering is chosen he favors n
temperature about ten degrees higher than
most of the fraternity have settled upon —
and if the bees roar let 'em roar. He thinks
that stir caused by warmth and nothing else
will not bring disease. Disease will bring
unrest and death ; but it does not nec-
essarily follow that healthful unrest will
bring disease and death. Let the bee man
walk this plank a little carefully, I should
say.

He gives again his method of increase,
when increase is desired, by rapid division in
swarming time, letting the queens go where
they may without any hunting. The proper
amount of jarring, and smoking, in con-
nection with the fact that it is swarming time,
makes them accept their changed locations.

And his master key of all is non-swarm-
ing. Thinks he has bred that out almost
entirely, and that he can now scatter his col-
onies a few in a place wherever forage fa-
vors.

"And I noed'nt toll you tliat tliis condition of
affairs simply moans a revolution in honey pro-
duction." (Column 2. No. 1, ISQ.'i.

The trouble with this non-swarming is that
the means taken to arrive at it seem alto-
gether inadequate to bring the results claim-
ed. Hard to see anything different from
the old practices which have failed a thous-
and times; I wish to speak with becoming
respect for so eminent an aiiiarist as Mr.
Heddon, yet with very strong conviction
that in his " breeding out the swarming im-
pulse " he has really done nothing what-
ever— mitigated the condition for the mo-
ment no doubt, but changed not one whit the
nature of the bees. Many of us have notic-
ed that it has been several years since
swarming has raged with its old time vio-
lence. This year it opened out sharp and
early, but suddenly stopped, and stayed stop-
ped; yet the season has not been so poor

but that there is (juite a bit of surplus honey.

Foolish as it may be, therefore, 1 expect

Mr. Heddon's non-swarming bees to take the

swarm fever just as readily as any of our

apiaries do whenever the moon's horns get

right again.

"Our local newspaper is known as one of tiio
boHt of its clans to ho found in Amorica; wo will
soil it iinil buy bees: or wo will trade it for bees
to the full extent of the $5,000 we ask." Pa^o 3.
( 'olumn ;!.

Don'teven repuire it to be bees with the
swarming impulse bred out. He'll jerk that
out of'em quick sticks. One of the serious
disadvantages of our vocation is that selling
bees in large numbers is so nearly impossi-
ble; with a few more such calls as the above
we should think that a boom was upon us.
Yes, and another thing that looks like boom
is friend York's plump declaration that
Heddon hadn't spot cash enough to buy the
American Bee Journal. Accept it as an
evidence of better times near at hand,
brother Heddon, and be too glad to get mad,

Mr, Heddon is developing as a humorist.
His article on page second, anent the im-
portation of t\\Q word Adel, is pretty well up
in comic merit.

We all hope the specialist is not going to
die just yet ; but if he dies the citation be-
low tells us pointedly what to expect next,

"With th(t spocialist dies tlie bee journal.
* * * The farmer will supply the honey, and
tlie agricultural journal will supply the bee
lore."

And here also is a gem in its department,

"Booh never spring dwiiidloif they aro winter-
ed well. ThoBo who think (liHerontly wore niis-
takoii about the wintering."

Mr. Heddon has a water pan that holds 14
of the ()0 pound cans. It is heated by a hot
water pipe that comes up from the story be-
low, where it is coiled inside of a heating
stove.

( )ne day and night is required to liquefy the
840 pounds. As the water in the pan cannot
be even boiled, damage to the color or flavor
of the honey is impracticable. This is an
arrangement calculated to make small oper-
ators somewhat jealous.

THE GENERAL ROUND - UP

Another death among our ranks — Apicul-
turist gone. Whether planets or institu-
tions or journals or men or mosquitos, death
seems to have all seasons for its own among
them. Or perhaps we had better except the
planets from casual and untimely deaths.
And who knows but that the man who should
obey God as implicitly as planets do would

270

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

be as secure against dying before his destiny
was wrought to the end as planets are? As
I assisted a little at the birth of the Api. I
do not see it go under the shades without
some feelings of regret.

Concerning the big and small hive discus-
sion Gleanings editorially says on page 513
that it is settling down to be a matter of lo-
cality. Where surplus honey keeps coming
in all summer large hives are likely to prove
advantageous; but in most other styles of
field ( a majority of the whole number ) the
small hive is taking the lead. But " bide a
wee "before you accept the whole of even
that much as fully assured — might rest too
much on orders for hives, and that after all
" mought'nt " be the final bed rock.

Long, coarse, worthless slough grass, cut
and dried and fastened to the roof of a hive
for a sun shade. This is a " stray straw " —
but also the nearer you can come to not hav-
ing any stray straw about it the better you
will be suited.

Friend C. Davenport in Gleanings .^IS sails
into the prevalent habit of saying that bees
will store just as much honey in a nail keg as
in the most skillfully devised hive. He is
right. The old saw may be true, in one
sense, if the box given them is big enough;
but the saying is misleading, and may pro-
fitably be kicked. Mr. D. (and many
others ) have kept box hives and frame hives
in considerable numbers side and side for
years, and the former do not come near the
latter in amount of salable surplus — and
that's what we're after. His best box hive
record is 80 pounds, while his best frame
hive record is 2?tl pounds. Of course we are
not now talking about such a mongrel hive
as a box with the whole top pried off and
sections laid on, but of the out and out box
hive with box super, or no super. A big
new swarm, when the honey flow is strong,
can be made to begin storing surplus almost
immediately in a frame hive: but the thing
can't be done in the old boxed box. Before
they get ready to begin storing the harvest
may be over for the year.

John S. Callbreath in Gleanings 5G1 sug-
gests that good weather with hot nights con-
duces to swarming, while the same with cool
nights abates it. Never thought of it. The
idea is worth holding awhile aud testing.
His swarm and weather record this season
favors the idea. But then we shall not be
able to mend the weather, if we find it to
blame — Psho ! You wouldn't have a mam-

moth refrigerator made, now would youV
and the apiary on a car to run in every
night?

Pretty much all through the world the
discrepancy between figures on paper and
the real actualities is startling. An army,
on paper is 100,000 men. It charges the en-
emie's line with 30,000. Figure on a nice
hill of potatoes, and you have twelve hun-
dred bushels to the acre. Dig 'em and you
have three hundred bushels. I. L. Hyde in
Gleanings 585 has just found the same "nig-
ger " in the apicultural wood pile; and real-
ly he is worth looking at for a moment. If
the queen lays 3,000 eggs per day why not
3,000 young bees emerging each day? And if
this goes on 42 days, before the first of them
die of old age, why not 12(5,000 bees in a col-
ony? Numbers given in books and journals
are none of them as extravagant as 12G,000;
but they are often too far in that direction.
Friend Hyde got 8 pounds of bees together,
from one of his best colonies in swarming
time, and guessed that there were a pound
more they did not get— total 9 pounds for a
first rate colony at the most populous period.
Next he shut an exact quarter pound of
these bees in a little box and made them
march out single file to be counted. There
were 747. ( carrying heavy loads of honey, it
seems; as a quarter pound of bees with
empty sacs would count out 1,125. ) So his
colony numbered 2G,892. Here arise two in-
teresting questions; What becomes of the
rest of the 126,000 the figures call for? and,
How much of truth have the books and
journals in talking about 40,000 bees and
60,000 bees in a colony? As a guess (and I
rather like a guessing match ) I guess that
occasional fine colonies go a good deal high-
er than 27,000. But that don't touch the
great mass of fine colonies which presuma-
bly, are at maximun just about the size of
friend Hyde's. He proposes solution by put-
ting a good queen's average, at 1,000 per day;
and admitting the 3,000 to 5,000 as genuine,
but rare and brief. I suspect that the June
averaije is more than a thousand; but that
not more than half the eggs laid are hatched,
as a general thing. Say, eggs laid 2,000 per
day, young bees emerging 1,000 per day, and
untimely deaths to average 3.57 per day.
This gives a maximum population of
27,000— somebody better it.

Dadant says four frame extractor without
the self-reversing toggery, American Bee
Journal 357.

'I HE BEE-KEEPERS' UK VIEW.

271

He also says put your extracted combs
back on the hives even if the season is over.
Wonder if any one else has the trouble I do
in that line. My bees almost never carry
down the honey from extracted combs —
concentrate it in smaller space usually, but
leave it above. I find it bettor to give the
bees one grand tield day with all the ex-
tracted combs at once. If you feel appre
hensive don't start'em in till tlie middle of
the afternoon.

Hopeless queenlessness for four or five
days a sure cure for swarm fever, bethinks
C. H. Chapman, A. B. J. ?,nH. Then give
them Ijack their old (lueen, which is to be
kept elsewhere while the struggle to raise a
queen is going on. Beware of returning
queens when the last cells are destroyed,
else out they come in a few days. And cag-
ing the queen in the hive at such times prob-
ably convinces the bees that she needs kill-
ing.

"Itshoaldbe distinctly uadorstood that the
small brood chamber is abnormal for an estab-
lished colony which does not swarm." F. L.
Thompson. A. B. J. 359

' Spect that's so — and it hits me.

Friend T. also wants to know if any one
has big hives (of several years standing )
that in the height of the season do not occupy
their space. Something like a test quest-
ion— and I commend him to C. W. Dayton
in A. B. .J. .o83.

An unusual case is given in A. B. .J. 'M'i
where in the same apiary S(> per cent of the
ten-frame hives swarmed, and only 4 per
cent of the eight-frame hives. I guess the
eight-framers had been suffering from
starvation loo recently to f-watm

In A. B. J. 31)0 su'^-editor Miller holds up
sub-editor Brown for saying Ihat a queen
pipes with her wings. It seems (hat so high
an authority as Cheshire teslilies that a queen
with wintjs totally removed can be as noisy
as any. Cheshire think-^ the third and fourth
abdominal plates make the noise. This
error, if it is an error, probably arose from
noting the wings q liver wh^ i t!ie sound is
mado; hut the wings woni.l quiver from
the effect of anythinjr tliat jarred the whole
body.

In A. B. .J. I!91 C. Daveui)ort enticingly dis-
courses of some giant bees (giant hives also)
a box hive man sold hini. Beat all his other
bees at honey, but had too many bad habits.
This apparently was a case of accidental and
unusual mix in blood. Certainly not like

Murdock's. an intentional build up of any
kind.

Bees fabricating wax in chunks. A iNew
York man had a case, and asks Dr. Miller
about it. The Dr. has seen much the same
also— nice light colored wax very heavily
put on to feeder or excluder. A. B. .1. 377.

F. H. Richardson in A. B. J. SS.') says that
varnish thinned down with turpentine can be
used as paste to attach labels to tin, and
that it never lets go. Good. Why didn't
we all think of that before ?

In A. B. J. 395 it looks to me as if both
doctor and patient saw the disease wrongly.
A second swarm was hived on a frame of
brood and in four days had sealed queen
cells. Patient asks doctor why those bees
swarmed without a queen, and doctor does
not challenge the alleged fact. Now four
days is too soon for sealed queen cells-
showing that the comb already had open
cells on it. I think that bees show such
marked reluctance to destroying open cells
that it should always be expected of them,
not even in (he case of a swarm with a ver-
giii queen all right. If I am wrong some-
botly hold me up.

Dr. Miller has known an old queen to pipe
with no other queen near; and he suspects
fear instead of jealousy as the cause. Per-
haps she smelled something, who knows?
Say now, it couldn't have been alcohol or oil
of tobacco exuding with her keeper's pers-
piration, now could it ?

Richards, Lucas Co., O., Aug. 23, 1895.

GOOD

Five - Banded Bees i^

Are preferred by most
bee keepers to those of
other varieties. I breed for busiiess
qualities as well as for color, and have a
strain of 5 banded Italians that I prefer
to blacks, hybrids. Holy Lands or Cypri-
ans, all of which I have tried. Last year
the colonies that I moved to the niJin-
grove stored on an average 420 lb?.
of extracted honey. All I ask at iirst is a
trial order, as others will surely follow.
I warrant my queens purely mated and I
sell them at $1.00 each.

Tested, 1 25; select, $2.00 to $5.0.1.

Circular free. J. B. CASE,
12-9-t-tf Port Orange, Fla.

(5©©<!W®©<!W9®®©®Ofl^®©0®©©*9O®©

272

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE^*

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

Dry Weather

Cuts off the houey flow aud makes it well-nigh
impossible to rear good queens. Here in Arkan-
sas we have liad plenty of rain, antl the condi-
tions for rearing good queens have been and are
unexcelled My queens are of the golden Italian
strain, and they are not only large and beautiful
but they are also bred for business. The editor
of the Review says that he has not received
more handsome bees or queens than those I have
sent him, or that were more neatly put up, they
arriving in an unusually clean and healthy con-
dition. Untested queens, 65 cts. each, J^ doz ,
$3.50. Tested, $1.00. Fine breeders, $2.00 each ;
fine, straight 5-banded, breeding queens, $4.00
each. To parties who have not tried my strain
of Italians, I will send one golden queen for 50
cts. Safe arrival guaranteed.

E.A SEELEY, Bloomer, Ark.

( Money order office, Lavaca, Ark.)
SELECT TESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Friends, I will have two hundred select, test-
ed queens, reared from one of Doolittle's best
queens, and mated to select drones from the
best of my own slock. These queens will be
sold at one doUar each, or $10.00 p^r dozen, and
will be sent out the last week in August.

AH who wish to take advantage of this offer
will do well to send in their orders e.TrJy.

Give me a trial order and I will guarantee
to give you satisfaction, or refund your money.
Address F. A. CROWELL,

(Granger.
7-95-3t Fill. Co. Minn.

I'leime mention the Keuieui

I am manufacturing

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Every thing yon need.

PRICES REDUCED.
Send for new Price List.

GEO. RALL, French ville. Wis.
Trempeleau Co.

Please mention the Reuiew,

4-il5-tf

lu Tampa, Florida, I have a lot and two cot-
tages for sale. The locality is a good one for
bees ; the field unoccupied and the home-market
first-class. Kent of one cottage will pay 8 per
cent interest on the whole investment. For
further particulars address
B. p. flVEf?IIjIi, Homafdsville, Va.

P. S.— Twenty colonies black bees for sale at
$3.50 per colony.

Please mention the Review.

— If you are going to—

BtFY A BtfZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

1

|™>H BEES (fc QUEENS

Ready in May. Queens, $1.00. Bees by the
Pound, $1.00. Two-frame Nucleus, with Queen,
$2 50. One-frame, $2 00. Also Barred P. R.
Eggs, for setting, $1 .00 per 15. 5-95-4t

Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, Box 48. Swarts, Penn.

Please mention the Reoieva.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to t/ie Trade.

Headquarters

For those large, beautiful, golden Italinus, the
great honey galhorois. One untested queen, 50c ,
three for $2.00. One warranted. $i.0O; three for
$2.50. One tested. $1.50. One select tested, $2.00.
Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

C. M. HICKS,
4-t.5-tf Hicksvillo, Wash. Co., Md.

Please mention the Review.

Nearly 200 pages practical and interesting

Reading for Bee - Keepers

For only 30 cts.

The Kansas Bee - Journal,

Monthly, Young and Lively. .Send for Sample.
Address, KANSAS BEE - .JOURNAL,

Topoka, Kansas,

Please mention the Reuieuj.

\

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

273

3 - Frame Nucleus and Italian
Oueen_

Untested quoens, 75 cts ; Six for $3.50.

Discount on quantities.

Full^Linc^-of^Supplies .

("ircnlar free.
2-95-tf

1. J. STKlNdHAM,
105 Park Place, Now York City.

Hopey Queeos,

Have, for the past 18 years, been carefully bred
in my yards for producing; comb lioney ; a spe-
cial method being employed whereby large,
long-lived and prolific queens are secuced. 1
can fnrnish either three or five-banded stock,
or from imported mothers, each variety bsing
bred in a separate yard. No foul brood or par-
alysis. Warranted queens, GO cts., tested, $2.00
Selected breeders, $2.50. Discount on quantities.

J. H. GOOD,

2-95-tf Nappanee, Ind.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOI^ 1894.

Before yon purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. liKOWN,
1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia.

BEE-KEEPERS'

SUPPLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N. Y. City.

(SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Serd for illustrated Catalogue

Italian QUKBNS^

Untested, July to Oct., 75 Cents
Each ; Six for $4-25 Tested, $1.00
Sent by Return Mail.

.■^end f<ir free illustrated circular to

THE STRATTON

THEO. BENDER,

6-94-tf

Canton, Ohio.

THE STK ATTOM

American

GUITARS.- MANDOLINES

•«t B.^OIED ar «H IKt LtJOliC MUSIC SIO«£S
»« ..n 8,r„o,. M.p,„ „.„„g,„, .„„ B„,.„ooo.

JOHN F STRATTOM & aO^H

««n')f.iciursi-»6f »A^ UL. rr.ji- Dealer! tA «U Unna o.

Musical Merciiandise

"Harp" and "Manhattan" Gnitar

Warranted not lo Crack. iVo Guitars .sold
t retail. Dealers please send for IllustDtcd
'nialogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON &, SON,

•^3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK.

Pure Italian Queens,

Bred for business and sold at the following pri
ces : untested. l.<0; three for S.liO; six, 4.75-
twelve, 9.(X), Tested, 1.2.'>; three for 3..50 ; six,;
7.00 ; twelve, 13.00. Select tested, 2.50.

Catalogue of Bee Supplies sent free upon ap-
plication. O. P. HYDE,
5-95-6t Lampasas, Texas.

GOLDEN

ITALIAN QUEENS.

Warranted purely mated, ready to mail, at 75 cts
each ; three for $2,00; six for $t.0O; one dozen,
$7.00. Untested queens, after July Ist, 50 cts.
each. See former advertisements.

W. A. COMPTON,
4 95-lt Lynnville, Tenn.

A. E. HOSHAL, of Beamsville, Ont.,

^ CANADA C

Has gotten up a new and comprenhensive circu
lar, givins plain, concise explanations of the
whole practical work of bee-keeping as accom-
plished with

T^he Heddon Hi^e^

And system, showing liow they enable one to
secuietho same results with less labor and more
comfort than with other liives. and ho would be
iileased to send it to all ('ani-dian beekeepers,
f Those in U. S. sliould .-iddress .lames Heddon,
Dowagiac, Mich ) Mr. Hoslml also handles
sections, makes foundation, etc. 11-93-tf

EE SUPPLIES!

Send for free copy of ir.i:,TSTR ATED

CATALOGrE-deacrlbIng everythlok
«, ^ useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T.G. Newman, 147 So.Western Ave. .Chicago.

274

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

RI-P-A-N-S

The modern stand-
ard Family ]\Iec!:-
cinc : Cures the
common every-day
ills of humanity.

lllnstraiefl Advertisements Attract Attention.

Cnts Fnmlslied for all lUnstrating Purposes.

A New Strain of Bees,

THE ADELS.

Friends, I shall be prepared, Ijy June Is^, to
fill orders tor Adel and Italian queens at $1.C0
for warranted. $1 50 for tested. S2.0U for select
tested. JOS. ERWAY. HAVANA. N. Y.
5-9.5-4t Please mention the Keview.

DON'T FORGET

That Wm. A. Selser, Wyncote Pa., is one of the
largest Queen Breeders on the Atlantic Seaboard.
Four apiaries. Breeds leather, and golden
5-banded queens. Send for catalogue and testi-
monials. Queens, wholesale or retail, delivered ,
AT ONCE. 8-95-1 1

Please mention the Review.

Golden Italian Queens.

One untested

queen

before June

Ist . .

...$1.00

Six

"

... 5-00

One

"

after "

... .75

Six

"

" "

.... 4.20

One tested

"

before

.. 1.50

Six

•«

" "

.... 7..50

One

"

after

.... 1 00

Six

"

"

.... 5.00

One selected tested for breeding, J3.(X).

W. H. WHITE,

2-95-tr Deport, Lamar Co., Texas.

Please mention the Seuleiv.

BEFORE BUYING QUEENS, antl get prices
on my

OolcierL QTj.een.s,

Bred for business, beauty and gentleness.
J. D. GIVENS,
4-95-6t Box 3, Lisbon, Texas.

A. I. Root's Goods, at their
prices near home. We can save
you Freight. Order early and
secure discounts. 32 page Cata-
log, free.

JOHN NEBEL & SON,
2-05tf High Hill, Mo.

'-.ibi- t.-.idoH the Revieui.

Largest Factory in the West. go„

COMPLETE STOCK.
d Supplies and Low Prices, <*i"' Motto
We are here to t-crveyou and will if jou yive us a cliauce. Cat(tlo<juc Fi-ee. Adderss,

LE/VHY A\a/SUPACTURiA(G CO., Hi«'»insvili«i, f\o.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

' CANADIAN

\ \ V'N ,: \ : v,;^;^s^5^^!:^.,*^^SM^^.: >v^^::^^s^^

hoe - keeperfl will find it to their interest to bny %

their supplies of the (ioold, Shaploy & Muir Co., %

of Brantford, Out., Cauada. Circular free. This firm also publishes a bright, >J

progressive, illustrated monthly CS CT CT journal at $1,00 per year. Sam- ^

pies free. Italian queens from the ^^ d ^ finest strain of bees in the country ^
can be famished in May at $1.00 each for untested, and $2.(X) each for tested. In
Jane, untested, 75 els, tested, $1.50. Kenienibor, the

yr and the iiueens go to the United States free from duty.

JOURNAL

i

i^

/sc^^^^^^^:^l^m^:i^si^:;^^:^^:;^M^5^s^

TEXAS

OUEENS

Has a (Uimate Where

cau be reared aliiK)8t

tlie year round, and

JENNIE ATCHLEY,
living in this State, at BeevilJee. can furnisli
tested, ;? banedd Italians at $l..")Oeach; 5-banded
or ("arniolan $2,r)0 eacli Untested, either race,
$1.00 each, six for $'\{)0. or $9.00 per dozen,
till June; after .June 1st., 75 cts. each; six
for$*.25; or $S.UO per dozen. Fine breeder of
either race, or imported queens, $5.00. l-95-6t

Please mention the Review.

i-

50

For the balance of this seafon I will
sell untested Italian queens from the
best honey gathering strains, at .50 cts.
each or two for .95 cts. Safe arrival
guaranteed .

W. J. FOREHAND, Ft. Deposit, Alz^.

Pleas*' mention *he Reuieuf.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
wiU give you BOTTOM PRICES on
the

"BOSS" ONE-PIEGE SECTION,

1 — 1^ I

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CR.\TES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tiptop order, and can

till orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. pOI^flCROOK & CO.,

Jan. let, 1894. Watertown, Wis.

— If yon wish the best, low-dprice —

TYPE - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

Tested Qeeuns by Rekn Mail at $1,00

T .\M devoting my apiary largely to the rearing of queens, making a specialty of
1 tested Italian ([uoens at $1.00 each or six for $5.00. These queens are of this year's
rearing, and have been kept just long enough to know that they are good layers
and purely mated. For several weeks I have been filling orders by return mail, and I
am keeping a large number of queens in nuclei for the express purpose of enabling
me to fill orders promptly. More than six queens ( tested ) will be sold at 75 cents
each, but such orders must be sent with the understanding that, while they will be
filled as promptly as possible, it may not bo by return mail, which will be the case
with six or a less number of queens. The Review and one queen for $1.50.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

276

THE Bx^E-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax— that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,

and other Supplies. Send for Circular. Qjjj^S, D&DANT & SON, HamiltOll, IIIS.

I

4~94-l2t Please mention the Reuief.

\
I

If You Wish Neat Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

WHAT'S
THE USE OF
KEEPING BEES

If you do not sell the honey? That's what we
are here for. Get our high prices before selling;
HORRIE & MoCONKEY, commission mer-
chants, 224 So. Water St., Chicago. Ills.

5 Cenls Per Pound Off

On Hunt's Foundation for the balance of the
seaeou.

Root.e Shipping Cases for comb honey at his
prices. All other goods at reduced prices.
8 95-tf M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by C. W.
("ostellov.', and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplieil.
Bee I'supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping i)oint iii
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 95.12t Indianapolis, Ind.

SAVE MONEY.

It is always economy to 'ouy the best,
especially wlipn the best costs no more
than somi^thiD? not half so good. Our
FALCON SECTIONS are ac-
kKowioiiged to oe superior to any on tlu>
market. The same is also true of our HIVES and bee-keepers' SUPPIiIES
of which we makeall modern styles, uur prices will be found as low as tnose ot'
any of our competitors, and in many cases lower, nml vou are always p^rp of eetiiitj
first-class goods We also publish the AMERICAN BEE KEEPER,
a monthly magazine (fifth year) at 50c a year, invalnaole trv beginneis. Lare-e ilmu-
trated catalogue and price list free. Address THE W T. FALCONER
Mf g Co., Jamestofirn, N. Y,

Now England customers may
by purchasing of our Eastern
agent, Mr. W. M. Gerrish of East
Nottingham, New Hampshire.

SAVE FREIGHT.

OCT,, 1895.

At Fliqt, Micl^igaq. — Or\e Dollar a Year.

278

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW-

flOVEt^TISHVlG t^ATES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

Ou 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 0
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings^. ($1.00)

American Hoe Journal ( l.OO)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper.. . ( .50) . . .
Apiculturist ( .75)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. ).75.
. 1.40.
. 130.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations,

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fanoy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and combunsoiJed
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— ,411 sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoilod by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy wliite,"
"No. 1 dark,'' etc.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Honey at present is in good
demand, and we quote as follows : white comb,
14 to 15; mixed, 13; dark, 11 to 12; extracted,
dark, 5-% to 6: amber, 6 to GJ^; white, 7 to 7U.
Beeswax, 27 to 28.

H. R WRIGHT.
Sep. 18. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Ste.

CHICAGO, lU.-Extracted honey is plentiful
and the colored grades range in price from 4}^
to 6 cts. per pound. We quote as follows : fan-
cy white, 15 ; No. I winte, 13 to 14 ; fancy amber,
10 to 11 ; No. 1 amber, 7 to 9; fancy dark, S to 10;
No. 1 dark. 7 to 8. Beoswrx, 28 to H).

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Oct. 9. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

IvANSAb CITY, Mo.— We quote as. follows:
No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 amber, 11 to 12 ; No. 1
dark, 8 to 10. Beeswax, 20 to 25.

C. C. CLEMONS CO.,

Oct. 10 .V21 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

BUFFALO, N Y. - The market is firm on all
new, fancy stock, and wo would advise ship-
ments. Buckwheat honey sells slowly. Bees-
wax wanted. We quote as follows : fancv white
16 to 17 ; No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; fjiucy dark, 10 to
11 ; No. 1 dark, 8 to 9. Beeswax, 28 to 30.
BATTERSON S: VO .

Oct. 11. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Builak.. N. Y.

MINNEAPOLIS. Mjun.,— At present the mar-
ket is in fine condition. Fresh arrivals of new
honey are sellinir, according to quality and con-
dition, from 16 to 20. Strictly fancy white is jolv
bing in lots of 5 .and 10 casps at 18 ; small way 10.
We quote as follows: fancy white. 19 to 20 ; No. 1
white, 18 ; fancy amber, 17; fancy dark, 16; white,
extracted, 9 ; amber, 8 ; dark, 7.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

August 3.

NEW YORK. N. Y.-Thero is a good demand
for comb honey of all grades. Extracted is in
fairly good demand, but the supply is large, be-
ing mostly from California. The quality is fine.
Beeswax dull and declining. We quote as fol-
lows : fancy wliite, 15 ; No. 1 white, 14; fancy
amber. 12 ; fancy dark, 10 ; No. 1 dark, 9. Bees-
wax, 27 to 2^^.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Oct. 10 120 & 122 West Broadway Now York.

POTATO CRATES and Bee Hives
are my specialties. I'rice list free. Address
J. M. KINZIE,
1-95-12. Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS,

I have already bought in this way a guitar
and violin for my girls and a flute for my-
self. If you are thinking of buying an in-
strument of any kind I should be glad to
send you one on trial. If interested, write
me for desciptive oirular and price list, say-
ing what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. HuTOHiN-soN, Flint, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

279

^IDTEH l^OSSES

Are not always the result of the same cause. They
may come from starvation ; from poor food ; from
improper preparations ; from imperfect protection ; from
a cold, wet, ro, possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar ;
etc., etc. Successful wintering- comes from a proper
combination of different conditions. For clear, con-
cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all - im-
portant points, consult "Advanced Bee Culture."
Five of its thirty - two chapters treat as many different
phases of the wintering- problem.

Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HOTCHINSON, Flint, ^lich.

Bees Scooped !

I have at last succeeded in hiiying all the bees
within 2}^ miles of my home apiary, except five
colonies, and these 1 have Italianized and have
permission to control their drones. This prac-
tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
experience in breeding and experimenting with
Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed " for
business" from my own importations and Doo-
little's "Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, S.frame,
D. 'I", hive, |6.00; 5 colonies, $27.50 ; 10 colonies,
5 0 00; one frame nucleus, Sl.fO; two frame,
1 .75. Select the queen wanteil and add price to
the above. During March and April, one tested
q 1 Ml, 2.00. Select tested iiueen, S3 00. After
May Ist, one tested queen, $1 ."iO ; :Uor?4.(X); 6
for $7 50; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens
as early as the season will permit f)f their being
reared, one for SI 00; 3 for $2.25; fi for $4 00; 12
for $6 75. I have over IIKJ tested (lueens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
colonies to fill extra early orders.

Contracts for hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian queens on reason-
able terms.

2-95-12

JOHN A\. DAVIS,

Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should liave a copy of the .\matenr
Bee-Keeper, a70 page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse.
Price 2.5c., bymail2-'c. The little book and the
Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28
page monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G. CO., Hiqginsville. Mo.

THE STRATTON

^'Oarp" and "Manhattan" Guitar

Warranted not to Crack. N'o Guitars sole!
'. retail. Dealers nleasc send for Illusrr.itcd
"alogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON & SON,

*»3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORi".

280

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

You may be able to get Supplies at

GUT PRISES!

But how does the Workmanship Compare with ours at w IXOIJM/^ 17E7I^P^^'^

We are receiving daily, unsolicited, testimonials like this :

The a. I. Root Co. : The Dovetailed hives ordered of you some time ago arrived from
the railroad to day, and this evening I put one of the bodies together, and must say it was just fun.
Those dovtailed pieces were " yoost der fit." In fact, everything seems to me so far to be better than
the catalog promised or than 1 expected. I thank you for the promptness with which you filled the
order, and t specially for the quality of the goods. As regards lumber in hives and frames, it is far
ahead of any I ever saw, and i have seen a number ordered of other dealers, and, as for workman-
ship, I have seen nothing to compare with yours. S. L. PAYNE, Westfall, Oregon, May 5th

This explains our great flood of orders. Thirty-six page Catalog.

rO sweat steals down the heated cheeks and
aching back of the bee-keeper as the re-
sult of standing in the hot sun puffing, blowing, smoking and brushing bees ; no time is
wasted in these disagreeable operations, and no stings received in resentment of such treat-
ment ; the honey is secured free from black or even the taint of smoke ; the cappings are
not injured by the gnawing of bees ; and robbers stand no show whatever. If there are any
broken burr-combs they are cleaned up by the bees inside the hive, before the honey is re-
moved. Leading bee-keepers use the PORTER escape, and say that without a trial it is im-
possible to realize the amount of vexatious, annoying, disagreeable work that it saves. The
cost is only 20 cts. each, or |2.25 per doz. As in the past, this escape is manufactured by the
Porters, but The A. I. Root;;;Co. has secured control of the sale for this country. Order of

your dealer or of j\^q fi^ |^ ROOT CO., Medina, Ohjo.

Toronto Corjveotiop Report Free-

A Fall Report of the Proceedings of the North American convention held at Toronto, Canada,
will appear in the weekly American Bee Journal immediately after the meeting , Sept. 4, 5 and 6
The first installment will be in the number for Sept. 18. If not now a subscriber, you can have that
Report free, by sending $1.00 now for tlie American Bee Journal tor 1896, as we will " throw in " the
balance of the year liSyo, beginning with Sept. 18. to now subscribers. Think of it— over 15 months
( or nearly 70 numbers I of the old American Bee Journal for only $1.00 !

i^"' And, besides all that, each new subscriber will receive a free copy of the 160 page book,
" Bees and Honey. " Betler send your dollar at once, and join the procession. Please mention this

paper.

GEO. W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., Chicajo, Ills.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOK. 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. 15KOWN,
1-88-tf. Aujjusta, Georgia.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N. Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

" Will not have any but the

DUVRlili STOCK"

This is what one of my customers in California
has just written me is said of my bees for miles
around him, as they always come through the
.Vo;\rs in letter shape and gather MORE
HONEY than any other bees.

(rood reports come from all luiarters from my
strain of bees, proving tiioir got)d qualities.
Young queens from this stock warranted purely
mated, oue queen $1.00, 0 for »4..iO, 12 for $8.00.
Price of te.stod (jnocns and descriptive circular
on application.

C. D. DUVflLiU, Speneepville, JVId.

\

e (5)ee-f\eepeps J\eViecL

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers. .

$L00 A YEAR,
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. VIIL FLINT, MICHIGAN, OCT. 10. 1895. NO. 10.

Work at IVticliigaii's

Experimental

^piarv.

K. L. TAYLOR, APIABIST.
HOW BEE KEEPEBS MIGHT KEOEIVE MORE BEN-
EFIT FROM THE EXPERIMENT STATIONS.
( READ AT THE TORONTO CONVENTION.)

T shall attempt
1 to answer the
subject given me,
briefly , under
eitcht head.s as
follows.

First, by the ir-
cre ase of the
number and re-
sources of the
apinriaii adjuncts
to the experiment
st itions. Of course the most conscientious
and ablest men whom it is possible to ob-
tiin should hive charge of these branches of
thg experiment stations bat such men can-
not well be got uuless the stipend granted is
8u65cient to enable them to do credit to
themselves and to their office without too
much risk of financial loss. The apiarian
branches of the stations too may still be
counted I believe upon the fingers of one
hand. The number ought to and might be
doubled within one year. This with a sub-
stantialinorease of resources can be had by

courage and organized effort. Those who
have the decision of these matters are men
like ourselves aud subject to the same influ
ence. As a rule they earnestly desire to do
what is right. They are quite willing to lis-
ten to our requests and to the reasons for
them. But bee-keepers must remember that
organization creates the force that doubles
the power of influence and makes it effec-
tive.

Second, by the encouragement of those in
charge of the experiments by the manifesta-
tion of a more active interest in the work on
the part of bee-keepers. The experimentors
are human. To some extent they are feeling
their way, for the work is new.

They would like to know that the impor-
tance of the work itself if not their particular
part iu it is appreciated. Such a knowledge
would prove a powerful stimulus to the pro-
duction of more valuable results.

Third, by the more active co-operation of
apiarian journals. Many valuable hints
might be given by the editors and their able
correspondents. I do not seek flattery nor
even jast praise. Courageous incisive hon-
est criticism would be more welcome. If
the journals do not disclose an interest in
the work it is likely to die early.

Fourth, from confirmatory experiments
undertaken by individual bee-keepers. Re-
ports of such experiments would prove a
valuable aid in determining the value of re-
sults obtained at the stations, but better
than that, such experiments would lie an ed-
ucation to the individuals and at the same

282

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

time would make the fact manifest that bee-
keepers are interested.

Fifth, experiment stations are not to be
employed for the benefit of existing apiarists
only, they should be used for the advantage
of the whole people. Most of the honey re-
sources are made to yield nothing for want
of bees to gather the offerings. It would ev-
idently be for the advantage of the country
if all its surface which produces honey se-
creting flora in any abundance were dotted
with apiaries no more than three miles an art.
To accomplish this or even to make a begin-
ning at it would require the popularizing of
bee-keeping. Apiarian lectures and discus-
sions under the auspices of the station in im-
itation of the course pursued in some other
rural branches could not fail to be fruitful.
But it will be objected that this would not
benefit an existing apiarist as such, but it
would as a citizen. My respect for a man re-
ceives a severe check when I leara that he is
willing to prosper financially at the expense
of the well-being of his country. This work
cannot be done unless the favorable influ-
ence of bee-keepers is felt by those who con-
trol the resources of the experiment stations.
With proper support from the stations this
work would be successful. Bee-keepers'
conventions are not always well attended
because only bee-keepers are invited and
they in order to attend must generally go
long distances, but let competent mc n go in-
to the country school houses, in districts
where the farming communities are starving
for want of social and intellectual excite-
ment during the months when they enjoy
comparative leisure, to speak on this subject
with an invitation to everybody and the
seats would be crowded with eager listeners.
Sixth, by the earliest possible publication
of the results of experiments made by those
in charge of the apiarian station in the api-
cultural journals. The importance of this
is manifest. The journals cannot conven-
iently criticise in a proper manner the work
of the station if the entire "report of that
work for a whole year comes in a body.
For similar reasons it would be much more
profitable to the bee-keeper if he were al-
lowed to digest it in sections than to be ex-
pected to perforin that operation at a silting
at the end of the year. At best the reports
are dry reading so that they iiutat be served
in moderate portions if they are to be gen-
erally digested at all.

Seventh, by the co-operation of the sev-
eral persons in charge of the apicultural de-
partments of the experiment stations and
all perhaps under the direction, in a sort of
advisory way, of the united North American
Bee-Keeper's AFSociation and the Bee-Keep-
ers' Union, should the marriage of these or-
ganizations be happily accomplished. Such
co-operation would be used in securing con-
firmatory experiments under ditterent su-
pervision where such were deemed advisable
and to prevent repetitions when they could
be attended by no valuable results.

Last, but, I may safely add, not least, by
the advent of better honey seasons. In my
opinion many of the more important lines
of experimentation depend for their success
upon swarming or an abundant honey flow
or both. Neither has occurred here for the
last two years — an embarrassing state of
things when considerable preparation has
been made for work depending upon them.
But times change, what has been will be
again, old time honey flows will surely return
and we shall reap if we faint not.

Lapeeb, Migu, Aug. 30, 1895.

Useful Apiarian Inventions.

B. TAYLOR.

nriBOUT the year
I\ 1840, my brother
bought and brouglrt
to our home a swarm
of bees. It was in
a circular straw hive
made by weaving
together a rope of
straw with splinters
of tough wood. The
management of this
hive was the first
lessons I remember
in practical bee-keeping, and I now vividly
recollect the interest 1 took in the first effort
to get some table honey from that hive. A
frosty morning was chosen for the work (so
the bees would be too cold to sting), a bundle
of rags set on fire, aud alter the bees were
smoked nearly to death by first one and then
another of our numerous family taking turns
in blowing, with their mouths, smoke into
the hive entrance, we proceeded to rob the
hive. It was turned upside down, and while
one person blowed smoke among the half-

i

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

283

dead bees another pulled the brood combs
from their fastening. Kach comb would, if
properly cut loose at tlio top, have a strip of
sealed honey along one edge which would be
an equal mixture of bee-bread and honey.
The balance of the comlj would be a mixture
of sealed and unsealed brood and unsealed
honey. The strips of sealed honey were cut
from each comb and stored in stone crocks
as " gilt edge " goods. The remainder was
put into a cloth bag and hung near the chim-
ney fire to drain. We pronounced the
gilt edged goods best, but the strained
" real good. " I believe much of the preju-
dice against extracted honey has its root in
the crude methods of those long ago years.

What wonderful changes since then.
Hundreds and hundreds of patented hives
and other inventions which experience has
proved, in 95 cases in a 100, to be of no
practical value, and in many cases harmful.
However, in this indiscriminate seed-bed
many splendid new plants appeared. Mov-
able frames, the honey extractor and comb
foundation take first place. Indeed, with
the use of these three great inventions we
could get along quite well if all the rest had
never come to light ; yet there are other
things of great value, such as sections, smok-
ers, bee escapes, swarm catchers or hiving
boxes, queen excluders, uncapping knives
and many other indispensable conveniences.

The movable comb hive no doubt ought
to stand first, for without it the extractor
would be useless, and comb foundation
would probably never have been invented
but from the fact that movable combs made
it necessary, yet for raising comb honey I
am not sure but that having to choose be-
tween movable combs and comb foundation
I would not stick to the latter. Of the
frame hive and extractor but little need be
said here, they being entirely familiar to all
bee-keepers that read bee papers. The
frame hive removed the necessity for the
crude and destructive methods (destructive
in destroying brood combs and brood) of
getting surplus, and the extractor changed
the nauseous compound mentioned in the
beginning of this article to the crystal
liquid seen upon our tables to day ; and, no
doubt, when in best condition the diamond
of sweets. Of comb foundation I can truly
say I believe it scarcely takes second place in
practical honey production.

Much has been written of late as to the
proper size of brood chambers. I have

successfully used small hives and have com-
mended them while others have argued for
large hives, saying that small hives increas-
ed the tendency to swarm and then caused
small undesirable swarms. Our small hives
always seemed to give as large swarms as
our neighbors' larger hives, and we began to
investigate the subject. Thirty-five years
ago we were greatly in need of drone traps.
Each afternoon in the honey season the
drones would fly from out the hives with a
noise like a great water-fall, and some
method of destroying them was needed.
We experimented in many ways of getting
rid of them, but without satisfactory results.
At length Mr. Doolittle told us to shave the
heads off the surplus drone brood as soon as
it was sealed. The bees would then clean
the combs. If they raised a second crop,
repeat the beheading. This was, of course,
better than feeding them all summer, and
we have killed thousands in that way. Now
you will never notice any drones about our
yard that change the music of the workers'
wings. If you are to notice drones at all
you will have to watch the hives closely.
All this has been brought about by the use of
foundation. All our brood combs are now
bnilt on full sheets of worker foundation in
horizontally wired frames, and by the aid of
our slatted top bars all sagging is prevented
and a scant 34 inch bee-space is always
maintained, hence no drone cells can be
stuck in extra corners, and we now have
fifty or more colonies that, all together, do
not have enough drone comb to fill a single
frame. We have this season examined many
ten-frame hives of Langstroth size where
the combs had been built just as the common
bee-keepers usually have them built, with
starters or half-sheets of foundation, an'd
we found our small handy hives contained
far more room for worker brood than the
larger hives as commonly used. Queen
breeders may need drone traps, but for
producing surplus honey I would not pay
express charges on a quantity of the best
traps yet invented. The honey producer
who is raising drones that need capturing
is not up to the first rank. Plenty of work-
er brood foundation is the best investment
he can make. I shall, next season, take
several of my Handy hives and use no frames,
only the top bars to these, and I will fasten
full sheets of fonndation to these, set the
hive on a level stand and let the bees work
them as a box hive. These swarms will be

284

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEt/k.

tested for swarms and comb honey, and I
shall be surprised if they do not winter well
and give first class results. After the combs
are all finished in these hives I will bore a
% inch hole in the hive side a little above
the center. A % round bar of iron will be
sharpened square at one end like a solder-
ing iron. We will put this in a milk can of
hot water to keep it warm, and we will then
insert it in the hole and slowly bore a hole
through all the combs for a winter passage.
We have practiced this in our movable combs
with good results. One of the worst features
of movable combs is the cutting of the hive
into many narrow rooms completely separ-
ate from each other unless passages are
made. For extracted honey, movable
combs are a necessity, but full sheets of
foundation in wired frames are the only
sensible way to make them.

In writing about foundation there has
been much stress laid upon high side-walls.
Last year I experimented by making lifjO
sheets of brood foundation with no side
walls. I made the sheets thin, then set the
rolls so as to just shape the cell bottoms,
leaving all the wax in the septum. These
sheets were put in wired frames and waxed
firmly to the top bars, and I have a lot of the
nicest straightest brood combs I ever owned,
the cost being only 35 cts. per hive.

We would despair of raising comb honey
now if it were not for finished combs in the
sections for white honey, and to have these
right we must use sections filled with foun-
dation to be drawn out the previous season.
Yes, our apiarian house must be built upon
a solid base of comb foundation, so that no
roaring army of drones can ever reach it.
We will leave the other important inven-
tions for a future article, and close this by
saying that we are only cultivating one half
of that acre of land on which we proposed,
in the introductory article, to raise food
sufficient to feed bounteously a family of
five persons, with something to sell to buy
shoes and bonnets for the .children. We
now have a great crop of corn, potatoes,
beans, peas, squashes, tomatoes, salsify,
melons, and the nicest strawberry patch
yon ever saw. When the crop of all these
things are gathered they will be carefully
weighed and the ground on which each
variety grew carefully measured and the re-
sults given to our Review readers. Friends,
I warned you in that opening article that
bees alone were not a safe means to depend

on to feed a family. I was in serious
earnest, for I have learned recently how
uncertain is a honey crop, or, in fact, any
crop except the crops of interest on Shy-
lock's mortages and bonds. The honey crop
is short with us again this year but not be-
ing in bonds and haviag the splendid crop
of good things we have raised on our }4
acre we are not castdjwu, but rejoice con-
tinually in present safety and hope for the
future. Next year we will caltivate the en-
tire acre.

FOBESTVILLE, MiNN. Aug. 19, 18%.

Fastening Foundation in Sections.

C. W. DAYTON.

/;aN page 241 of
W August Review
Friend Hasty says
my " intention is
to have the slip of
foundation sweep
quite an amount
of rhelted wax in
front of it as the
hot plate is with-
drawn, so much
that waiting for it
to cool or set would
be a waste of time. He (Dayton) saves
the time by having three section blocks to
alternately use the same hot plate. "

The more melted wax the longer time
needed. That is so, but the quantity of wax
is not the main object. The wax which
comes in contact with the section should be
smoking hot so as to penetrate into the
wood. In order to be thus hot it must be
melted from the preceding slip and remain
some length of time upon the heated plate.
In the case of all the foundation fasteners
in the market the previously melted wax
runs toward the rear end of the plate and
drops off. This is owing to the slope of the
plate. It should run toward the edge and
drop off into the section. When the plate
slopes rearward the front part of the plate
remains almost dry of melted wax. What
wax melts from the sheet remains upon the
plate and takes a backward course. Nearly
all of the melted wax is carried away by
the plate so that what remains on the sheet

TtiHj BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

285

to form the union with the wood is only
partially heated and will cool too soon to
enter the pores of the wood. The aim is to
arrange a line of smokiut: hot wax along
the section and drop the edge of the found-
ation into it. If the line of wax is hot it
will melt the foundatiou and join more
strongly than the foundation itself could.
A full sized sheet treated thus may be kick-
ed around the shop, taken out and play
ante-over the woodshed aud then the only
way will be to take a stick and punch it out.
When we are learning there may be a little
satisfaction in watching the wax as it cools
and tilt the section to note the amount of
adhesiveness and set them away carefully.
By a hustling type setter as soon as the oper-
ation is understood the sections are jerked
away and given a flip into a capacious re-
ceptacle. It is impossible for any amount
of wax, however small, to cool half as soon
as the section could be removed and that I
may not have to wait is the reason for more
than one block. The more adept we became
at the work the more blocks are necessary.

When sections are not immediately placed
on the hives or are hauled long distances
to out apiaries during varying degrees of
temperature and moisture it is necessary to
employ the sure and certain method of fast-
ening.

Flobence, Calif. Sept. 1, 1895.

Numbering Hives— A Fair Criticism.

W. E. LAMB.

EDITOR Review : — Your discussion on
the subject of records, and numbering
hives is quite interesting to me, and moves
me to give my views on the subject. As I
read your experience, in adopting and sub-
sequently abandoning the practice, it occur-
red to me that it might be explained in one
or more of the following ways:— 1, you may
be too busy, and, in a measure, have to let
the bees "slide," 2, the Heddon hive and
system, which you use, involves less manip-
ualation than those in use by the majority
of bee-keepers, and, cou3e<iuently, you have
less need for records, y. The system of
keeping records which you used may have
been more laborious than necessary. I
merely mention these as possible explana-
tions, and it will not be necessary to say any-
thing further about them.

It does not seem to me that the number-
ing of our trees and animals is a fair paral-
lel ; for the reason that everything we have
to do with them is purely external, and
everything we can know about their condi-
tions is learned from an external standpoint.
We can see their needs at any time by sim-
ply looking at them ; consequently the labor
of writing down anything about them would
be wasted, as it is just as easy to look at
them as it would be to look at a book. If
we had to do principally with the under-
ground parts of trees, I think the case would
be more nearly parallel. Then, every time
we did anything with the m we should have
to get out a kit of tools, and spend consider-
able time and labor, and, at last, we should
do more or less injury to the tree. Under
these circumstances, I think we should wel-
come a means of knowing something about
underground conditions and needs, from
above ground.

You say that records will not tell you
which hives need surplus, but when there
are already one or more supers on a hive
they will tell you when the last one was put
on, which, taken together with the strength
of the colony and the flow of honey will en-
able you to judge pretty well whether another
is needed or not.

One of the principal reasons for using an
apiary register, which will apply to a great
many, especially farmer bee-keepers, is the
fact that we can seldom leave our work in
a finished condition. We have just so much
time we can spend in the apiary, and when
that is up we have to drop our work to be
taken up again at another time. We
might go through the apiary in regular order
and "stick a stake " where we left off, but
that would not always do, as some hives will
need attending to worse than others, and we
want to attend to them first. Then there
will be some that, for various reasons, we
decide not to attend to at present. I
want to distinguish these from those that I
have attended, and from those that I have
not yet examined. This might all be done
by means of stones or something of that
sort, but I can make any ordinary record
as fast or faster than I could lay stones on
the hives, and when there is anything special
that I want to remember I can put it down
in much less time than would be required
to write it on the hive. Besides, if I write
it on the hive and it is something that wants
attending to at a certain sime, I shall not

280

fHE BEE-KEEPEkS' REVJJeW,

see it unless I happen to go to the hive and
look at it, and I shall be very apt to let the
time go by without doing it ; while if I put
it down in the register, my attention will be
called to it at the proper time.

It was my intention to give you a des-
cription of the register which I use, and
which I think comes about as near as pos-
sible to combining the least amount of
trouble with the greatest efficiency ; but I
see that this article is already long enough;
if you wish it I will give it at another time.

Ransomville, N. Y. Oct. 2. 1895.

Notes from Foreign Journals.

La Revue Inteknationle. Pastor Langel
found mice covered with stings in his hives
at his spring visit, which did not appear to
suffer on that account.

Alfred Dufey, of Chili, does his extracting
at night, to avoid flies and robbers, and be-
cause his new combs are not then so liable
to break down.

One of his colonies gnawed away and in-
corporated the fibres of an old red woolen
shawl into its brood combs, especially brood
cappings, which had been given it for a quilt.

Pastor Stale, in four cases, sprinkled with
flour the bees of swarms which grouped
themselves abnormally after being hived, as
if demoralized or intending to abscond.
One of these was already agitated and be-
ginning to swarm again. In each case the
bees went immediately to work or formed a
normal cluster, and did not abscond.

A druggsst, Armand Gaille, gives his test
for wax, which he calls the most simple of
the exact methods. The first step is to test
its specific gravity with a mixture of alcohol
and water. This is not conclusive, for two
adulterants might have been used, onelight-
and one heavier than pure wax. ISext a
piece of the size of a small hazel-nut is put
in a test-tube with two or three inches depth
of essence of turpentine and moderately
heated over an alcohol flame. If the solu-
tion is incomplete, much obscured, or if it
leaves a deposit, the wax is impure, as
turpentine completely dissolves pure wax.
Finally a very small weight of the suspected
wax is boiled several minutes in a test-tube
with % oz. of alcohol, or enough to half fill
the test -tube, over an alcohol flame. The
solution is left to cool half an hour or less,

then filtered, and to it is added an equal
volume of water and a small square of " sun-
flower paper " (whatever that is — papier de
tournesol — litmus?) which has been given a
blue tint by dipping in ammonia, then half
dried by strongly pressing several times be-
tween two sheets of clean blotting paper;
and the whole is shaken. If after fifteen
minutes the liquid is nearly clear, and the
sunflower paper has not regained its orginal
red color, the wax is pure, that is, supposing
it has already stood the first two tests ; if
otherwise, it is adultered. A slight change in
the color of the paper, however, and an
iridescence of the liquid, are not to be taken
into account.

Bone-dust made by burning bones and
pounding them in a morlar will immediately
remove ants if scattered around the hives,
says D. Jousserandot, who has been uni-
formly successful in its use.

M. Dumoulin has successfully cured his
apiary of foul brood by placing on the top-
bars of each hive a rag of the size of the hand,
soaked in a solution of camphor in brandy,
renewed three times a week until a cure is
effected, which is generally in three weeks ;
after which the rag is renewed once a week
for some time.

The editor mentions a radical cure of an
apiary which had been affected with foul
brood for several years, with formic acid.
In this case a certain quantity of alcohol was
added to the solution of acid to hasten its
evaporation. It was put in little troughs,
which were placed in the hives.

EJmondBochatey considers the swallows
formidable enemy of the bee-keeper, as he
has seen swallows feeding their young with
nothing but bees. But the editor quotes
from another source a communication of a
farmer who on killing and dissecting several
swallows found that their crops contained
only drones, and on concealing himself near
a nest containing six young ones, saw 30
drones distributed to them in 20 minutes.

L'Apioulteub. M. Castillard has had
ventilating holes covered with wire cloth for
six years in his hives, summer and winter,
without one being propolized. Three years
ago, when the winter was very severe, he
closed the ventilators of half the hives, but
the other half wintered better.

Ph. Baldensperger does not like the
Italians because they do not flourish when
divided into small nuclei, as the Palestines
or Algerians do, do not defend themselves

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

5J87

well, make poor sectioufi. do uot draw out
foundation well, and have a strong tendency
to unite when two colonies are kept In a hive,
whereas swarms of the other races mention-
ed can be divided into two or three by means
of partitions without any trouble. In sub-
duing the Cyprians he uses plenty of smoke,
taking them by surprise at the entrance and
under a corner of the cover, which is to be
carefully raised, and pausing a moment to
allow them to till themselves with honey.
He finds that the Carniolans are easily rob-
bed, and require much more precaution in
forming nuclei than the eastern races, but
their queens are fertilized sooner, generally
before the seventh day.

Leipziger Bienenzeitung. In an ad-
.Vertisement of bee-supplies are listed bee-
veils and " horse-hair bee-caps. " What
the latter are is not clear, but besides a cool
head-dress, they suggest the possibilty of a
horse-hair veil, which with a flounce of mus-
lin to tuck under the suspenders, might be
as practical as any, not being incapable of
being turned back over the hat when not in
use. I have read somewhere of horsehair
veils being used by women in the Orient,
because they are easily seen through from
witliiu, even when closely woven and im-
penetrable to outward gaze. At any rate, a
durable veil is wanted, whatever the mate-
rial. My 40-cent veil is now full of holes,
after one season's use. Of course it might
be mended, but with bee-keepers that is
more easily said than done ; and to be kept
in a perfect state would require mending
every time a hole is made, which is quite out
of the question.

A sugar factory advertises "fruit-sugar"
as the best and cheapest food for bee.^ both
for spring and winter, and recommended by
the foremost bee-keepers. From the name
it would appear to be glucose, bat mu^t Ije
somewhat different.

L'Apiooltore. The proposal to use the
scent from a hog's back for an apifuge,
wrongly attributed to Kambler instead of
Mr. Cole, is labeled by De Domiuicis
Antonio as another ./7U de si>c/e utterance.
One of his little pigs was nearly stung to
death while incautiously lo iliag in front of
the apiary.

A bee-editor of St. Petersburg, Ghennadi
Kandratieff, spent a few days wiih Dr.
Dubini lately. They both agreed that the
presence of drones ( in moderate amount )
in each colony was not a detriment to honey

production. The reason assigned is that in
the early hours of the day so much heat is
contributed to the brood-nest by the drones
that a greater number of workers are en-
abled to leave the hive for forage. ( It is
not made clear, though, why the same extra
number of workers, which would be raised
in their place if the hive contained no drone
comb, could not bring about the same result
and more too. ) He goes on to state that
" various bee-keepers have ascertained that
a colony with drones, in like circumstances,
produces more than another which is com-
pelled to raise more by giving it all worker
cells." Editor V^on Rausehenfels sustains
him in favoring the drones. It maybe well
to ask whether the common opinion that
drones in all but one colony to the apiary
are useless consumers has ever been backed
by observed facts. Still, the advantages of
giving one of the best colonies the predom-
inance in furnishing the " fathers of the
flock " are not to be despised, in any case.

Dr. Dubini's sovereign remedy for stings
is tlie essence of turpentine.

Akvada Colo. Aug. 29, 1895.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

w, z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and ProDrietor.

Terms : — Si. 00 a yoar in advance. Two copies
$1.;»U ; tlireo fur $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more,
7j conls eacli. If it is desired to have the Review
stopped at the oxpiration of the time paid for,
please siy so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will bo coulinued

FLINT, MICHIGAN. OCT. 10. 1895.

The Seuiou.'^ Illness of one of one of our
daughters ( Ivy ) has made this issue of the
Review late.

The American Bee .Journal receives high
but well-deserved praise at the hand of our
friend Hasty this month. If there is a
hustler in our ranks it is Bro. York.

Byron Walker, of Evart Mich., is estab-
lishing a honey house in Chicago. As I un-
d3r8tand it, he will not do a commission
business, but will buy and sell outright.
His own crop this year was :'>0,(K)0 ponnds,
mostly extracted.

288

THF BEE-KEEPERS ' REVliL W.

The a. I. Root Co. has bought out the
supply business of Mr. Thos. G. Newman
of Chicago and secured the services of Bro.
York of the American Bee Journal as man-
ager. There is no greater shipping point
than Chicago, and being in the center of a
great honey-producing part of the country
the firm will probably enjoy a large trade at
that point. Orders sent to this branch will
certainly be filled with " neatness and dis-
patch "

^^■^iiF** iFii»

Affliotfd Editobs— E. R. Root has been
" under the weather " a good share of the
past summer ; I have been far from well all
summer, at one time being confined to my
bed ; and when I learned that R. F. Holter-
mann had had a severe attack of heart fail-
ure, followed soon after by typhoid fever, I
was on the point of writing Bro. York that
if he expected to be "one of us " he must
contract some sort of an ill, when a po-tal
came from him saying that he was sick in
bed with tonsilitis. I guess we will all feel
better when it comes cool weather.

CUTTING OFF DISCUSSIONS.

Mr. Allen Pringle thinks editors often
make a mistake in shutting off discussion
"just as the fur begins to fiy. " This de-
pends upon the importance of the subject
and what is understood by " making the fur
fly. " If it means a sprightly setting forth of
facts, figures, principles and arguments,
well and good. It is not always clear, at
the beginning of a discussion, just wliere it
will lead and if it runs into an unpleasant,
personal dispute it better be cut off. I saw
an item awhile ago in the Ladies' Home
•Journal that expresses my views very clearly.
It reads as follows :

" Only great things and those involving
principle are worth arguing about, and it is
always wise to avoid letting the point of
contest become too important. When an-
tagonism is aroused, that which began as
an argument often ends in a quarrel. "

SUGGESTIONS FOK THE NORTH AMERICAN.

Bro. York makes two suggestions regard-
ing the future meetings of the North Ameri-
can. One is that it be held at the time and
place of the G. A. R. encampment ; and the
other that the society pay the expenses of

one delegate for a certain number of mem-
bers furnished by any State. The first prop-
osition has been made before and the ob-
jections have been that it comes too early in
the season, when bee-keepers cannot very
well leave their work. That the crowded
cars, streets and hotels will cause discomfort,
etc. But it would be no worse for us than
for the G. A. R. folks. There is nothing
like an actual trial to settle these things —
one thing is certain, we can't depend upon
bee-keepers alone to secure reduced rates,
and, even if we could, we could not get such
low rates as the G. A. R. secures. Of course,
the officers of the North American could re-
consider and change their decision as to the
time and place of holding the next meeting,
so that it could be held at the next encamp-
ment, but, somehow, I feel that it would
not be keeping faith with our western breth-
ren.

As to the second suggestion — well when
we get enough members in some of the States
so that we can afford to send delegates it may
answer to consider it.

«'H«H««^R«».*»

C. R. HoRBiE & Co., of 244 So. Water St..
Chicago 111., advertisers in the Review,
have this year commenced business for
themselves as commission merchants, hav-
ing previous] v had several year's experience
as e uplayej i i a commission house. They
are enterprising and working hard to build
up a good trade. For instance, they bought
my entire list of names of bee-keepers in the
United States and sent out circulars solicit-
ing consignments. In that circular my
name was given as a reference, and the
letters of inquiry have become so numerous
that the answering of them is burdensome,
and I take this way of forestalling further
inquiry. The Chicago bank to which I
wrote said tliey considered Horrie it Co .
reliable. Bro. York of the American Bee
Journal writ s that he has investigated them,
and sj f.ir as he can discover they are do-
ing a straight business. I have had several
deals with them and they have always paid
me promptly. If any one wishes, this firm
will send a list of men for whom they have
sold honey of whom inquiries can be made.
The indications are that Horrie & Co. are all
right ; in fact, I am satisfied, from my deal-
ings and correspondence with them, that
they intend to build up a large business by
hard work and square dealing.

TH£^ BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

28

FATHER LANGSTBOTH 18 DEAD.

Dear, old Father Langstroth, so long the
idol of bee-keepers has passed away. Death
came Sauday Oct., G, in the form of apoplexy,
while he was preaching at a church in Day-
ton, Ohio, where he lived. lu a long talk
that he and I had at Toronto ho referred so
feelingly to the wife of his youth — not a day
of the long twenty years since she was called
hence that he has not thought of her and
longed to be with her again. Now they are
together. " The grand old man "was the
title given him reverently by admiring
friends, and never was a title more deserved.
A grander truer man I never knew. Long
will his memory he green in the hearts of
bee-keepers and friends.

«»*^»«U»^»r,;i

The Nobth Ameeioan again did the in-
justice of not having as many sessions as
advertised. The convention usually lasts
three days, but at two or three late meetings
the last session or two have been lopped off
that some of the members might " go some
where. " When President Holtermann sugj
gested that we hold an evening session first
and then have only two days after that I ac-
quiesced, thinking that, in this case, the
time would all be occupied. But it wasn't.
The last afternoon was cut off so that those
who wished could go to the Industrial Fair.
If everybody had wished to go to the Fair
that plan might not have been so objectional,
but, aslsat in the hotel during the afternoon,
not being able to go to the Fair, at least a
dozen complained to me most bitterly of
this action of the convention. These men
had attended the Fair in the forenoon, be-
cause they were not interested in the topics
that were to come up at that time, but were
interested in those set down for the after-
noon. When an Association advertises to
hold a certain number of sessions, I think
they better be held as advertised, unless
there is some better reason than that some of
the members " want to go somewhere. "

«^iH^*<»i»»«

NUMBEBING HIVES — HONEY EEGISTEES.

In another column will be found an arti-
cle from Mr. W. E. Lamb on the above sub-
ject. He is very fair in his criticism, and I
can see that in the case of a farmer, as he
mentions, a register might be convenient,
and I shall be glad to publish a description
of the plan that he uses if he will have the
kindness to send it.

In regard to using a register to show when
a super was put on, and then judging by
the strength of the colony, the honey flow,
etc., as to when more surplus room is need-
ed, I would say that a honey register attach-
ed to each super is away ahead of that. A
honey register is simi)ly two common pins
with about one-fourth inch of their point
bent at right angles with the pins, and then
these points driven into the side of the su -
per. Before driving in the pins a piece of
manilla card board is tacked on the -side of
the super, the pins being driven through
this. The point of one pin is driven in the
center of a circle of figures ( or they may be
in a square for that matter ) representing
the days of the month. The other pin i 6
driven in the center of four " indications.
The one at the top says " Adjusted. " One-
fourth around the circle to the right are the
words " one-fourth. " At the bottom it says
"one-half." One-fourth farther around on
the circle it says "three-fourths." These
pins are really two dials, one serving to
give the date, the other the indications.
For instance, we put on the super the 1st
day of June. The pin in the center of the
dates is turned to the figure " 1. " The
other dial is turned to the first letter in the
beginning of the word " adjusted. " No
dial is needed for the months, as no one is
likely to be "off "a month in his calcula-
tions. If the conditions are favorable, an
examination a week later will find the super
one-fourth or one half full — possibly more.
Whatever it is, one pin is turned to the date,
and the other turned forward to indicate
the amount of work that has been done. If
it should happen that no work has been
done in the super, the date pin is left un-
touched, but the other one is turned forward .
to the last letter of the word " adjusted. "
At a later date, if the super is still found un-
occupied it can be seen how long it has been
on the hive, and some kind of conclusion
can be drawn as to whether it is best to " in-
quire into the case. " In putting on addi-
tional cases during a honey flow, or taking
off filled sections, these registers are a great
aid, as a glance shows the condition of each
case at a certain previous date. There is no
tedious writing, simply the turn of a couple
of pins that takes almost no time at all,
and it doesn't matter if the fingers should
be daubed with honey. I cannot help think-
ing that if I were a farmer-bee-keeper, work-
ing after the style mentioned by my friend

290

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW.

Lamb, that I should use some modification
of this style of register instead of a book.

Queen breeders who are engaged at all
extensively in the business find a register of
this character indispensable. The dial for
the dates is, of course, the same, but the
other is used to indicate " eggs, "J" cell, "
" hatched, " " laying, " " missing, " etc.

THE TOKONTO CONVENTION.

It is evident that there is little use of again
trying to secure and take advantage of re-
duced rates on the certificate plan at meet-
ings of the North American. Certainly not
unless there is a change somewhere. Only
twice in the last dozen years have there been
sufiicient members present to make the
certificates available— once at Detroit and
once at Albany. Depending upon getting
reduced rates on the certificate plan and
then not getting them always leads to loss
and disappointment. Considering that
Canada's great Industrial Fair would be in
full blast, and that there would be half fare
on all the roads of Canada, I felt so certain
that 100 persons would be present that I took
the responsibility of making arrangements
for taking advantage of the certificate plan.
This cost the Association $11.00 and was not
one cent of benefit, as there were only about
70 members present. It is evident that con-
ventions are not attended as they were once,
and that it is high time that some change is

made.

The arrangements for holding the con-
vention were most excellent. The hall was
a pleasant one, located in a fine building,
surrounded by beautiful groundH, and easily
reached by the street cars from the Palmer
house where we were taken care of right
royally.

One very pleasant feature of this conven-
tion was the presence of father Langstroth
accompanied by his daughter, Mrs. Cowan.
I enjoyed several long chats with him, and
it is really wonderful to see how well he re-
members every little fact regarding the
early history of bee-keeping in this country.
His daughter tells me that when he has these
long spells of mental trouble that in one
sense his mind is at rest, certainly it is not
active, and when it wakes up again, so to
speak, it is in a vigorous and rested condi-
tion, ready to again do good service.

With the exception of the discussion re-
garding the delayed report of last year's

convention, and some following the reading
of Mr. McKnight's paper on legislation for
Bee-Keepers ( the part that touched upon
the sugar-honey bill ) everything passed off
very smoothly and with the best of feeling,
and there was nothing so very objectionable
in these two, butthey were decidely spirited.

Size of Bkood Chambers was the title of a
short essay by Jas. Heddon in which he took
the same grounds that I have often taken,
viz., that localities, seasons, and other con-
ditions are such that what may be the best
size of brood nest at one time, or in one
locality, or under some certain system of
management may not be the best size for
other conditions. Mr, A. E. Hoshal asserted
that a hive so large that it would contain
sutficient stores for winter at the close of a
July honey harvest, was too large to secure
the best results in surplus honey. A large
brood nest is all right if it is filled with
brood, but if it contains both brood and
winter stores in July it is too large. If
necessary, sugar is fed in the fall for winter
stores. Mr. J. B. Hall objected to the feed-
ing, not because of the cost or work, but be-
cause of the suspicion that attaches to our
produce if sugar is fed for any purpose.
Mr. Hoshal had found no difficulity in mar-
keting on this account.

Selling Honey was a subject upon which
there was a little talk one evening. By en-
ergetic work, and care in educating the
people, a grocer of Toronto had built up a
retail trade in honey that amounted to four
or five tons in a year. Mr. Hoshal called
attention to the fact that all packages for
extracted honey should be " sealers. " A
prospective customer is almost certain to
pick up a package of hopey hold it to the
light, and tip it up. Unless it is perfectly
tight the honey will work out under the cov-
er and eventually run down the side of the
package. The flies soon attack it and the
result is soon a mussy affair. It is no wonder
that grocers often become disgusted with
the handling of honey. If tin is used it
should be bright and the labels of such a
color that they harmonize with the tin.
Bronze and red harmonize well with bright
tin.

Comb Honey and the best and surest way
of securing a crop was the title of a paper
by B. Taylor in which considerable space
was devoted to the wintering of bees. He
would have young bees and winter them in
a dark, dry, well-ventilated cellar having a

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

291

temperature of about 40". The colonies
should be covered warmly. lu the fall each
colony is supplied with sections tilled with
foundation. These sections will bo partly,
and in some instances fully, drawn out and
filled with honey. Later the honey is ex-
tracted and the sections set out some fine
afternoon for the bees to clean them up. In
the winter the combs are leveled with a
comb leveler to a uniform thickness and
then used the next season in securing the
crop. The swarms are to be hived in empty
brood chambers. That is, those having
starters only in the frames. Mr. Taylor said
" I know I can get more comb honey by
hiving swarms in empty brood chambers. "
Mr. Ira Barber thought the temperature
too low. Mr, Pettit thought it just about
right. Mr. Barber wanted to know if Mr.
Pettit's cellar was dry. Mr. Pettit did not
care whether it was wet or dry so far as
successful wintering was concerned. On
this point there was considerable difference
of opinion. Mr. Barber and several others
found old bees just as good as young ones
for wintering. If bees don't work they re-
main young in one sense, that is, they retain
their vitality. Mr. Hall put sawdust on the
cellar floor. When the dead bees drop down
on this they dry up instead of moulding.

WiNTEEiNG Bees, who should do it out of
doors, who in-doors, was the title of a paper
by F. A. Gemmill in which he did not stick
to his text very closely, giving as a reason
" that seasons, conditions and surroundings
really seem to differ, even in the same local-
ities, one year with another, that the safest
method for each individual to follow, is the
one which, after a thorough trial, has been
found most successful. " Mr. Gemmill then
proceeded to give what I should call " ortho-
dox " rules regarding food, temperature,
ventilation, packing, etc.

Inteoducing Queens — Mr. S. T. Pettit
read a paper on this subject in which he
alluded to what might be termed the " hu-
man nature " of bees and queens. He be-
lieved that the queen had a strong, mother-
ly affection and yearning for her own family
and blood relations, and that there was a
mutual fear and mistrust between the queen
and a strange colony of bees. There is also
another point: a strong man, society, com-
pany, mob or nation, or a hive of bees, is
more self-confident, or more self-assertive
than a weak one. The moral is to have a
colony weak and hopelessly queenless, and

the queen kept away from the bees until
she, too, is in a lonely, forlorn, forsaken
frame of mind, and ready to welcome the
bees of any colony. When the bees show
by their behavior that they are mourning for
a queen, then release her about a foot from
the entrance. By the commotion among
the bees she will understand their frame of
mind, and the bees, perceiving the queen's
humility, will gladly reciprocate her over-
tures of peace and good will and escort her
into their kingdom and proclaim her queen
of all the realm. A queen may be success-
fully introduced to a new swarm by hiving
it on the old stand and removing the old
queen. As soon as the bees show signs of
distress, release the new queen. Mr. Pettit
thought that more queens were injured by
imperfect methods of introduction than by
the hardships of transportation.

"Mistakes of Bee-keepers and Bee- Jour-
nals " was the title of a most excellent pa-
per by Allen Pringle. Some of the most
prominent mistakes mentioned are as fol-
lows : Many make a mistake in becoming
bee-keepers at all. The world is full of
these misfits — round people in square holes
and vice versa — but bee-keeping probably
furnishes as few as any pursuit, because a
large majority of bee-keepers are such, first
and foremost, because they love the business
as a business. In many trades the profes-
sion is selected for the boy, but in bee-keep-
ing the business is usually selected spon-
taneously by the subjects themselves.
While there is much blundering in the low-
er walks of bee-keeping the failures and
mistakes in the higher grades are less com-
mon than in most other occupations. When
a man finds that it was a mistake to engage
in bee-keeping, it is a mistake not to get
out again before he and his money have
parted. It is a mistake for a novice to
spend time and money in inventing and
patenting hives and fixtures. Neglecting to
thoroughly inform one's self in regard to
the best methods of wintering bees is a
most fatal mistake in these latitudes. Feed-
ing bees in the fall is a mistake, not because
the bees will not winter on the syrup but
because honey is the natural, and, therefore,
the best food, the excitement wears out the
bees' lives, some syrup will be left unsealed
and will absorb moisture, the use of sugar
puts so much more honey on the market
and excites prejudice in the minds of con-
sumers. Both comb and extracted honey

292

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW,

.should be produced by the bee-keeper who
is a bee-keeper and it is'a mistake to use a
large hive for the former or a small one for
the latter. Using full sheets of foundation
in the sections, or brood frames without
them are both mistakes. Honey can be
ripened artificially, but it is a mistake to do
so. Extracting from the brood frames is a
mistake, as the pollen is thrown out, injur-
ing the flavor and color of the honey, be-
sides giving it a tendency to sour. For
this reason it is a mistake not to use perfo-
rated zinc to keep the queen out of the super.
In liquefying honey it should not go above
150°, neither should it be left unsealed to lose
its aroma. It is an unpardonable mistake
to put upon the market any kind of honey
that is unripe, untidy or unclean. To get
foul brood into the apiary by neglience is a
big mistake and to try to hide it is another
mistake. Bee-keepers, and others who are
not bee-keepers, make a mistake when they
stand and fight beligerent bees, knocking
their hats to pieces. The proper course is
to make off instanter, with the hat well
down and the hands over the most tender
parts of the face, and enter the nearest
building, or some cover. To stand and
fight near a hive is to have re-inforcements
pour in. The bee-keeper should be pre-
pared, with smoke, veil, and even gloves, to
stand his ground in such emergencies.

Bee Journals make the mistake of shut-
ting down on discussion just as it becomes
interesting to their readers — just as the
sparks of truth and light begin to fly from
the friction of mind and the clash of
thought, in short, just as the " fur begins
to fly. " They also make the mistake of
soft-soaping this " brother " and gushing
over that friend, and then " sitting down "
on the other fellow, and denying him a
hearing. Mr. Pringle would like to see
them with a little more editorial courage
and independence, and with less provincial-
ism and less fear of Mrs. Grundy. With one
or two exceptions they seem to fear to criti-
cise one another. When an editor allows
his own whims and prejudices toinfluence
him as an editor, he makes a mistake, as he
does when he draws his quill through sen-
tences which do not suit him in the man-
uscript of a correspondent who is responsi-
ble for his own utterances, and who prob-
ably knows, as well as the editor, what he
ought to say in the premises. On the whole,
the journals are doing excellent work and

some of them are giving treble value to the
ordinary bee-keeper for his money.

Legislation for Bee-Keepers was the
title of a paper read by Mr. R. McKnight of
Owen Sound, Oat. He referred to the
Michigan law prohibiting the keeping of
bees nearer than ninety feet of the highway
and called attention to its lack of the neces-
sary requirements to fit the case. Bees kept
ninety feet from the highway with no barrier
between them and the highway are a great-
er menace to passersby than those but nine
feet away with a hedge or high fence along
the margin of the highway. He then quoted
in full an old law of Ontario regarding the
right of property in bees. Wild bees belong
to whoever finds them. A swarm belongs to
the owner so long as he can prove his right
of ownership, and he can go after them
wherever they may settle but he must com-
pensate the owner of the land for any dam-
age done. If the owner gives up following
a swarm and some other person undertakes
the pursuit, such other person has then
the same rights as the original owner. A
gwarm not followed becomes the property of
the owner of the land upon which it settles.
Quite a little space was given to a reviewing
of the foul brood law. The principal fault
that the essayist had to find with this law
was the unlimited power placed in the hands
of the inspector. He has power to say
whether an apiary is infected with virulent
foul brood, whether it shall be destroyed by
fire or whether the owner shall have an op-
portunity of curing it. He thought that this
placed too much power in the hands of one
man. The law allows the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association to make rules govern-
ing the conduct of the inspector but noth-
ing has been done in this direction. The
law has been in force five years, and has re-
sulted in much good, but Mr. McKnight be
lieved this was largely due to the fact that
the present inspector had combined the work
of a doctor ( of foul brood ) with that of in-
spector. An unscrupulous or vindictive man
might do a great injustice in his official ca-
pacity, and there ought to be a disinterested
third party to whom an appeal could be
made and whose decision should be final.
The ipse dixet of one man should not be
deemed sufficient to warrant the destruction
of another man's property. The bill pro-
hibiting the spraying of fruit trees while in
bloom may protect from the hands of igno-
rant fruitgrowers, but well informed orchar-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

293

dists will uotbe so foolish aa to spray their
trees at a time when it is of no benefit ; and
it is mostly this class that does the spraying.
The passage of the so called "sugar-honey "
bill was opposed by Mr. McKnight on the
grounds that it was needless, that the law
in regard to the adulteration of foods was
nil that was needed, that it was an amend-
ment to the adulteration act, and, if parsed,
would result in the anomaly of a law, one
section of which imposes a fine ei<jht times
larger than the other. The bill, if it became
a law, would legalize the sale of honey dew
or " bug juice. " Both of these are " gather-
ed by the bees from natural sources, " and
one of them, at least, is undesirable food.

Amalgamation of the North American and
the Union — A short paper on this subject,
from Dr. Miller, was read. The gist of it
was that there would be nothing inconsist-
ent in having the North American do the
work of the Union and it probably would
have done it had not an emergency arisen
requiring immediate action. If one organi-
zition can do the work of two, better have
only one.

Mr Thos. G. Newman followed with a
paper upon the " Past, Present and Future
of the Bee-K'iepers' Uuion,"in which he
referred to its glorious past, prosperous
present and hopeful future. R^girdiug his
views on the subject of amalgauiatiou he
said that he had been misunderstood, that
he had really thoucrht favoralile of it at
first, but had beau surprised at the lack of
suggestions as to how it should be accom-
plished. If a thoroughly practical plan of
consolidation could be found he was in
favor of the amalgmatioa. In the discus-
sion that followed all favored the amalgama-
tion if it could be effected in such a man-
ner as not to impair the usefulness of the
Union. Saveral suggestions were made, but
in so important a matter it was thought that
there ought to be more in iture deliberation
than could be given the m itter at a conven-
tion, and a c ommitte of seven was appoint-
ed " to take into consideration the proposed
amalgamation of the B se-K'jepers' Union
and the North American Bee- Keepers'
Association, aud to arringe terms therefor,
with full power to perfect them so far as
the North American is concerned, and to
report through the b9e journals as soon as
possible.

CoLOB in Italian B?es and what it indi-
cates, was the title of a short but excelleut

paper by Dr. J. P. H. Brown of Augusta, Ga.
The writer held that the Italians are not a
fixed race, but that one of the characteristics
for a type of excellence is that of three yel-
low bands, but there are other traits that
are of more value as a test of purity, and
one of them is that of quietness on the
combs. By selection the color of the bands
may become much brighter, and by the in-
troduction of Syrian or Cyprian blood the
yellow may be increased and extended. It
was very questionable in the Doctor's mind
whether these Americanized four and five-
banded bees could with propriety be called
Italians. Imported Italian queens may vary
in color from quite dark to yellow, but the
workers must show three rings of yellow,
although the third may not show unless the
abdomen is distended with honey. The
dark color in imported stock does not indi-
cate impurity any more than does the light
color. Color is of secondary importance to
honey gathering capacity and vigor of con-
stitution.

The officers for the ensuing year are A. I.
Root, President; Wm. MeEvoy, Vice Presi-
dent ; A. B. Mason, Secretary ; W. Z. Hutch-
inson, Treasurer. The time and place for
holding the next meeting was left to the ex-
ecutive board andthej df.cided upon Lincoln,
Neb.

eXXRKOXeD.

A House Apiary that is a Success.

Modern house apiaries that prove success-
es all seem built upon about the same plan.
Details may vary but the general principles'
ae the same. The Review has illustrated
and described several of these )>uildings,
but the man who thiuks of building one
cannot see too many illustrations and des-
criptions. F. A. S ilisbury, of Syracuse, N.
Y., has recently been making some house
apiaries and Gleanings with its customary
enterprise pictures and describes one of
those houses. Through the courtesy of that
journal the cuts and article are here repro-
duced.

"In the fall of 18'.);'. I built my first house-
apiary, aud liked it so well during the season
of 1S',)4 that I built another out about three
miles, near Si)lit Hock. The first view
shows how the last one looks from the out-
side. The whole is on a stone foundation,
with five windows in it for ventilation, (> x 18

294

THE BEE-KEEPERS- BEV^jj...

inches. On top of the wall is embedded iu
the mortar a 2 X 10 inch sill; ou top of this
are placed the joists, 2 x 10, two feet apart.
Beginning at each end, the second one is to
be 28 in. from the end to center of stud.
The rest to be 24 inches from center to cen-
ter.

Begin the laying of the fljor from each
side, laying about two boards; then put up
the studs; on top of them the plate, and then
the rafters. Studs are placed over the joists,
and rafters over the studs. The plate is
made of two 2 x 4-inch studding. Use cove
ceiling for the siding. It is painted in five
colors. Beginning at each end, each color
takes six feet in width and runs from the
cornice to the sill. First at each end is red;
then white; then blue; then yellow; then
green.

In the center there is a room 9 feet 4 in.
wide, and 12 feet long, the outside of which
is painted white. In the center of each
color is a window without glass, but with
doors 14 by 20 in., that can be fastened.
The hinges used are blind-hinges, and the
catches are blind-catches. Along the ridge
there is an opening running nearly the
whole length of the building, 12 in. wide.
Over this is built a roof. When shingled
and sided up, the cupola has an opening on
each side at the top, of 3 in., running the
whole length. In each end of the biilding
there is a door. The entrances are cut

over a space that is open ( see the shelf at
the right on the bottom). In this space can
be placed a board making a tight bottom;
or during the summer months the space can
be filled with a frame covered with wire
cloth. By using the wire cloth at the bottom
the bees are much more comfortable in hot
weather, and I think it has a tendency to
prevent swarming. During the season of
181)4 we had only 11 colonies swarm fromlOl;
this season, only 1 from 114. One would
think that the bees would proceed to fill up
the wire cloth with propolis; but we have
had the screen in use now two seasons, and
they are as clean now as when first put un-
der. We thought they would have to be
cleaned at the end of each season, but were
pleased to find they would not. On the left-
hand side you will notice that boards are in
the open space; these are for use in winter,
fall, and spring.

Daring the honey season we use the wire
cloth in its place. By looking closely you
will see the grooves in the shelves alongside
of each opening, these are for feeding.
They are % of an in. deep, and ?4 wide.
Before using they are varnished with shellac
varnish to keep them from leaking, and ab-
sorbing the feed, thus keeping them tight,
sweet, and clean. The hives are placed on
the shelves with the frames running the
same way as the shelf; and as the hives are
20 in. long there are about 4 in. between the

EXTERIOR VIEW OF SALISBURY S HOUSE - APIA BY.

through the siding % x 8 in. and an alight-
ing board 2 x 12 is nailed ja3t under the
opening, even with it.

The second view is an inside one, looking
from the center toward one end. ()a each
side you will notice there are two shelves,
the bottom one baing 8 iu. fro n the floor,
and the upper one 53. Djoth are placed 1.5
in. from the shelves. Oa tha shelvas the
hives are placed 2 feet apart.

The bottom of the hives or shelves proper
are so made that the center of each hiv3 is

ends of the hives. The shelves are 28 inches
wide from the siding. The groove for feed-
ing is long enough to run from about 2 in.
from the inner edge to nearly across the
hive. By using quart Mason fruit-jars you
can see at a glance from each end of the
building how the food is being taken. In
using the grooves, place a piece of wire
cloth in the groove close up to the hive, and
no bees can come out into the building.
Feeding with this arrangement has no ter-
rors, and no robbers can bother. The feed-

I BE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

295

er is always ready at a moineut's notice.
Two grooves are under each hive; and with
two-quart cans there is a capacity of <! lbs.
at each feed. We have found that one can
to each colony is sufficient in ordinary cases.
Two cans can be used over each groove, and
this will give a capacity of 12 lbs. to each
colony. It will be much better to have the
shelves gotten out by machinery; and if you
think of building, I would give the order
to the A. I. Root Co. Mine were made by
them; and in ordering, mention " sizes
given in order 2(j,542, " with two blocks for
each hive, 2 in. long. i;)-;52 thick and 23-o2
wide. Order 26,542 was for 100 colonies.
The blocks are to use in the feeders when

would not carry off the smoke fast enough,
and this building was made so there is ample
ventilation. Each opening is 2 feet by 10
in., and are 2 feet apart. All the openings
overhead are equal to one opening ii') feet by
10 inches. The smoke just hustles up and
out lively. On the floor there is built a rais-
ed floor 12 in. high and 22 in. wide. ( )n each
side of this are openings 22 in long and 0 in
wide every 9 feet. The raised floor begins 0
feet from the door, and runs to G feet of
the honey room, which is in the center of
the building. No flooring is laid under this
raised floor. The honey-room is made tight,
and has a door in each end of building.
Each end holds 60 colonies. Studs are 2

INTEKIOB VIEW, SHOWING ONE END OF HOUSE-APIAKY.

not in use, to close up the hole uader the
hives to keep bees in. Looking overhead
you see openings in the center, and running
the entire length of the building, with
slides to cover them when not needed.

In the winter and summer months they
are always open; in the winter, to keep every
thing dry, and in the summer to keep down
the temperature and carry ofiE the smoke
from the smoker. During the spring
months, keep them closed.

The first building built had only three
openings, each about 8 in. square. These

feet apart from center to center, except the
second one from the ends, which are 28 in.
from the end. This gives room to handle
the corner hives. Rafters are 2x4's, placed
exactly over each stud. Collar beams are
91 o feet from the floor, and are also 2x4's.
Over the shelf, and nailed to the studs, are
boards about 14 in. wide and % in. thick.
In the winter there is placed another on the
inner edge of the shelf, and these boards
make a trough in which is packed chaff or
planer-shavings. The building is ceiled
overhead. The entire length is 70 feet, and

296

THE BEE-KEEPERS li

width 12 feet ; cost per running foot, $4.80.
or $:33(> for the building ; all work hired. If
you do all the work yourself, the cost would
be about ii^'JO.OO less.

Bees locate themselves nicely by the colors,
very few bees going into the wrong hive or
different color. I happened to see some-
thing a few days ago that convinced me that
bees can tell colors. The north end of the
building has no bees in it, but there are 4G
in the south end. I noticed that they were
flying out and in the yellow color in the
north end, and thought it was rather funny ;
thought possibly a new swarm had gone In
there. In the south end there was one
colony that was flying strongly — young bees
out for exercise. They were from the first
hive in the yellow toward the north. The
bees were also returning, some of them, to
the flrst entrance toward the north in yellow
color in the north end. After the bees in
the south end had quieted down, there were
nobees goine out and in the other in the
north end. The entrances were 27 feet apart.
This is plain evidence to me that bees can
tell colors ; and, mind you, they entered the
entrance in the north end of the building,
and the same relative position of the yellow
color, and not any other. "

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

IT seems by friend Thompson's gather-
ings that an Italian brother ( if not
more of them ) has tried feeding up for
winter on watermelons. A plan which
seems eccentric at flrst sight may after all
be a sound and valuable one — and quite
possible this is a case of that sort. It is not
uncommon for a big pile of watermelons —
or a carload, — to fail of a market; and when
they can be had for about a cent each it is
submitted that it pays to feed them to bees.
Slice them up neatly at the rate of twenty or
more per day for a fair sized apiary. But
then I reflect that a cent will buy over three
ounces of sugar — and is there more than
three ounces of sugar in a watermelon?
The amount of sugar named I find to be
12 teaspoonfuls, each of which will sweeten
a glass of water to the drinkable point, and
the 12 glasses weigh 5 pounds. 'Spects the
red pulp of the average melon will not have
so much as "> pounds of juice; but it may be
quite a bit sweeter than I aoi figuring on.
Leastwise the northern half of our country
must go a little slow on melons till their
wintering record is assured.

Perhaps the most valuable new thing in
the rec^int journals is friend .J. A.Golden's

brine treatment of combs to make them
worm proof. ( American Bee Journal 582. )
The brine is simply salt and water strong as
it can be made. One side of a comb being
filled full to begin with, he finds that the
brine can be jerked from one comb to
another, thus going over the combs quite
rapidly. Quite an invention. A frame with
no comb in it, and with screen wire tacked
on one side, is interposed between the two
combs when the jerking is done. After
thorough wetting with brine the combs are
hung up to dry. For two years not a worm
has touched the original 40 combs experi-
mented on. Of course the value of the
above depends on its being confirmed by
general use. The miller, like his good
namesake the Dr., may have said " I don't
know, " when Mrs, Miller asked if it would
do to lay in those salty combs; and she may
some time get new woman ideas and venture
to try it.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,

This paper deserves a good word for the
way it has kept up its interest of late. Sev-
eral other papers have done fairly well; but
it rather seems to me that for the current
year this one deserves first prize. At pre-
sent it dissects somewhat as follows.

First a department of contributed articles.
It is in this that its value and freshness spec-
ially appears at present. A review entitled
What Dr. Miller thinks is sandwiched in
regularly. Then there is the Southern De-
partment of Dr. Brown; and the Canadian .
department — of we know not whom; two )
pages or so of Dr. Miller's answers to mis-
cellaneous questions, a department of ex-
tracts from other bee papers, which is also
Dr. Miller's; E. T. Abbott's department of
Notes and Comments; the page of editorial
notes; the general items and letters ( strung
out from page to page to please the adver-
tisers ) and last of all the Question Box.
The genial Dr. Peiro seems to have grown
small by degrees and beautifully less, even to
the vanishing point. So the A. B, J. runs to
departments, and Dr. Miller has three of
them. If asked whether he was editing the
Old Reliable, we can imagine him saying "I
don't know." And the " gentle, reader "
might go him one better by saying " I don't
know, and I don't care, so long as it is as
good as it is now."

Charles Dadant has just closed his series
of articles on extracted honey. His finality

iHE BEE-KEEPERS' Eh, VIEW.

297

on storage (for those who do not ship their

crop entire ) is to store partly in barrels

and partly in t!0 pound cau^;, and to draw off

into small pails and cans as occasion requi

res. A. B. J. 582.

Golden sentence from Dr. Miller.

•'People are willing to pay more for comb
honey because it looks better ; but they also pay
more for comb honey because in general it is
better. " A. B. J. 583.

And here's a sentence from Thomas Thur-
low, A. B. J. 407, that smashes up some win-
tery schemes, and will continue to do so.

'' Bees will ( in this northern cljme ) go to the
top of the comb in winter, where it is warmest,
even if they have to go through capped honey to
get there."

On page 408 the question whether bees

ever work at strawberry bloom enough to

amount to any thing is tackled in rational

style — questions to large strawberry cultu-

rists in Colorado, Connecticut, Utah, Illinois

and Pennsylvania. All but the last give a

very decided yes. The Connecticut man

notes that they visit pistillate varieties, on

which they must be seeking honey, as there

is no pollen. Of course we all know that

often in many localities bees do not notice

strawberry bloom much — and by so much

the more we should value this reverse side

of the truth which is out of our reach.

" Moths cannot live over winter in a honey
house where no fire is kept in this climate, and
the moths would have to be brought from the
outside." Dadant in A. B. J. 454,

This came to me with great force. I have
a nice comb closet, with door of screen
wire— and lots of row and loss on account of
worms. Have I been making all this trouble
for myself by carrying in " seed " in the
spring? Looks that way. The present year
my combs all kept unharmed until I needed
them, and without being fumigated even
once. No seed to begin on. I often find
moths roosting outside the wires, evidently
anxious to get in; and a little carelessness
would do the business.

Doolittle thinks that very heavy ill looking
comb ( surplus ) is usually caused byqueen-
lessness.

•' In fact I am often made to understand when
a colony has lost its queen by the looks of the
comb which they are building in the sections. "
A. B. J. 469.

Here's the way E. T. Abbot hits off human
nature in A. B .J. 478.

" If I am to go [ after Apis Dorsata 1 and there
is enough in it, then of coursp, I want her very
badly. If the other fellow is to ^et the job, and
I am to have nothing to do with it, then I am
dead set against having anything to do with
Madam Dorsata at present."

Those bee-killing paddles, to harvest your
reprobate bees that eternally follow on, can
be made in still another way, as friend C.
W. Stephens suggests in A. B. .1. 481. Just
shingles with the butts shaved down to
handles, and the tops perforated full of
narrow holes. He says the handles can be
studded with diamonds in case we want
things tony.

The conductor of the Canadian depart-
ment sails into the habit of clipping queen's
wings on page 495. I'm quite willing to
"hold his bunnit " if he finds it at all warm
on his head. Says he regards a queen with
the same sort of enthusiasm that he regards
a beautiful woman, and could no more look
with pleasure on the former in a mutilated
condition than he could endure seeing the
latter trying to be graceful with an ampu-
tated arm. The argument about prospective
harm to the race of bees may not amount to
much perhaps; but my stumper is that the
disgusting practice makes more trouble
than it saves.

G. W. Demaree ( page 503 ) finds it prac-
tical to spray wormy combs with gasoline.
It kills the worms and then evaporates leav-
ing no smell behind. I should fear that the
rascals' " works of darkness " would not all
be reached in the spraying.

Basswood grows and yields surplus by the
ton clear down to latitude 30° in Texas; and
we are told to " don't know " how much
further. H. C. Loggins, A. B. J. 50G.

'Pears like my name ought to be Joseph
— leastwise I feel strongly inclined to " teach
the senators wisdom." Query 989 in the
A. B. .1. Question Box is whether bees will
open a passage over the bottom bar after it
has been closed up once. Nearly all say no,
and only two frankly say that they will.
Now I have the impudence to " yawp " right
out that the crowd are clearly wrong, and
the lean minority right. Of course they
have all transferred comb from boxes to
frames, and have examined the frames after
the bees h^d fixed them up, and remember
that there was no gnawing at the bottom.
This perfectly sound fact — this little knowl-
edge which is a dangerous thing — has mis-
led them. They just didn't follow on to no-
tice that little by little, year after year, the
comb next the bottom bar grew lean and
disappeared. I plump'y don't believe that G
out of 26 can show any number of trans-
ferred or inverted combs that have been in
use seven years in the brood chamber only,

298

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEit

and now in any other condition than the
usual one — that is with a bee space above
the bar for at least half way across. Another
fact also misleads. Most of the said sena-
tors have lots of extra combs for the extract-
ing supers; and they are nicely fastened to
the bottom bar, those not so originally soon
becoming so. It is not in the super but in
the brood chamber that this gradual mis-
chief transpires. And the question, What
can bees want a second bee space there for?
also helps to mislead. The fact is they do
not want it. It is not on account of the
passage, but on account of the everlasting
call for just a little more wax to cap the
brood with, and because it's so handy
to go down to the bottom of the comb
and pinch off a little there.

Dr. Miller says that he has seen queen cells
sealed up when the occupants were quite
small; which he thinks would add to the usu-
al time between sealing and emerging. A.
B. J. 523.

Carson Van Blaricum of Ellis, Michigan,
answers the query about peppermint for
houey. He keeps bees by a peppermint
distillery, and in reach of 500 acres of the
plant. Yields well; but fun is spoiled by
the habit of catting it soon after it blooms.
It blooms in July, August and September.
The honey is clear, and has a quality supe-
rior to clover, or anything else he is familiar
with.

THE GENERAL ROUND - UP

One of the too numerous errors in last
View needs correcting. Bees should not al-
ways be expected to destroy queen cells
while in the unsealed stage. The word
" not " got left out.

Doolittle's article on getting pure bees
where neighbors all round keep impure ones
is pretty nearly exhaustive. Read the whole
of it. Gleanings 5G4. First, and best, raise
plenty of drones in each approved colony,
and patiently keep killing the impurely
mated queens and trying again — giving
thanks for the final mismates, which will be
better than your pure ones any way. ( 2 )
Hustle in spring, and do the job before the
neighbors get any drones — and half spoil
your honey crop. ( 3 ) Keep some drones,
and doit after the adjacent drones are all
killed off in the fall — at a risk of some poor
queens, and some wintering consequences.
( 4 ) Whisk your nuclei and drones away
somewhere out of reach of other bees. ( 5 )

Put your nuclei and drones down cellar;
feed with warm honey and water ; and set
them out facing the sun just after all other
drones have ceased flying for the afternoon.

There is general stir in Gleanings about
the best movable numbers to fasten to hives.
I will risk repeating myself too often, and
say once more that a hive needs a visible
number on it no more than a toad needs a
tail, if a strict arrangement by groups is
followed. I can instantly give the number
of any one of my hives that you may touch ;
yet there are no figures on them, and never
have been. I use a compound number, the
first part for the group, and the second part
for the position in the group. So my hives
are 4-7, or 11-2 or l(J-9 as the case may be.
The number 16 9 means the ninth or last
hive in the sixteenth or last group. If yon
read in your record book of No. 131, yon
may still have to waste a little time in find-
ing No. 131. But if I read in my book of
12-8 I can go right to it at midnight.

Concerning the big and small hive discus-
sion Ernest draws seven tentative conclusions
on page 638 ; of which the most important
are (2) "A larger number find the ten
frame hive preferable to the eight frame
than we had any idea of ; " and ( 6 ) "The
eight frame hive is not as generally accepted
as about the right size for all bee-keepers
as we have thought. "

That dummy of the Root hive, for con-
venience in removing the first frame — Emma
Wilson says she pries out a frame first in
order to get the dummy out. Gleanings 622.

Sweet clover pollen is a faded yellow ;
and bees sometimes gather it. Stray straw.
Gleanings 619.

Friend Salisbury of Syracuse N. Y. has a
feather in his cap — reward of a demonstra-
tion, in Gleanings 655, that bees notice col-
ors, and notice them very strongly. His
house apiary is long and painted in vertical
strips of five colors. One yellow strip had
no bees in it ; yet when lots of young bees
were flying from the other yellow strip,
quite a distance away, a considerable crowd
of them blundered in, attracted by the yel-
low color.

Dr. Miller's method of warming his cellar.

"The hives standing on all sides around and
facing the stove. " Canadian 618.

And he testifies that his worst losses have
been when the fire was omitted. Many facts
of many kinds is what we need to make os
wise — or do conflicting facts make some of

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

299

us feel as though we were getting to be fools?

The crop report in the Canadian ( pages
61G— C)18 ) is a very dark shade of blue.
Possibly the cloud has lifted a little since
the reports were made. Would you believe
it, I don't know definitely yet what my crop
is? By the roar of the bees and the looks
of things on the outside I actually entertain
visions that it may be quite as good as the
average of this rather poor bat strong-at-
the-last location.

RioHABDS, Ohio. Sept. 30, 1895.

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

'limstrateil Advertlseients Attract Attention.

Cnts nrnlslieil for all illustrating Purposes.

Pure Italian Queens,

Bred for businesB and sold at tlie following pri-
ces : untested. I.IO; three for 2.50; six, 4.75
twelve, 9.00. Tested, 1.25; three for 3.50; six,;
7 00 ; twelve. 13.00. Select tested, 2..50.

(^atalogae of Bee SuppliPK sf»nt free upon ap-
plication. O. P. HYDE,
5 9.5-6t Lampasas, Texas.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FODMHION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii; Flat Bottom Foiiiidatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any f (In. made.
J. VAN OKIISEN & 80N.S,
(SOLE MANTIFAOTURERS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y

RI-PA-N'S

The modern stanc'-
ard Family IMcc!:-
cine : Cures the
common every-day
ills of humanity.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Nearly 200 pages practical and interesting

Reading for Bee - Keepers

For only 30 cts.

The Kansas Bee - Journal,

Monthly, Young and Lively. Send for Sample.
Address, KANSAS BEE - JOURNAL,

Topeka, Kansas,

Please mention the Review.

lEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
■ Blast Smokers
Square 6IZISS Honey J^r^, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to C^has. F. Mdth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers.

1-94-tf. Pleast Wi ntion fie Reuiem.

Muth's :::^

THE STK ATTOTM

America n

GUITARS.- MANDOLINES

nsn B'raseyo Mopio Maho^.-iny ana Wo^owoo'

JOHN F STRATTON St SOT\

M usical IsIercliancUse.

a-3 A 40 Wauei St..

300

THE BEE-KEEPERS- REVIEW-

Dry Weather

Cuts off the houey flow and makes it well-nigh
impossible to rear good queens. Here in Arkan-
sas we have had plenty of rain, and the condi-
tions for rearing good queens have been and are
unexcelled My queens are of the golden Italian
strain, and they are not only large and beautiful
but they are also bred for business. The editor
of the Review says that he has not received
more handsome bees or queens than those I have
sent him, or that were more neatly put up, they
arriving in an unusually clean and healthy con-
dition. Untested queens, 65 cts. each, J^ doz ,
$3.50. Tested, $1.00. Fine breeders, $2.00 each;
fine, straight 5-banded, breeding queens, $4.00
each. To parties who have not tried my strain
of Italians, I will send one goJden queen for 50
cts. Safe arrival guaranteed.

E A SEELEY, Bloomer, Ark.

( Money order office, Lavaca, Ark.)

The- Southland Queen.

Send $1.00 for the Southland Queen. E ited
by the Atchley family. Plain, practical, and
all fresli bee matter. Jennie Atchley is
now conducting a bee-keeping school that
began in the June number. You can get back
numbers.

A steam bee-hive factory ; Root's goods ;
Dadant's foundation.

THE JENNIE ATGHLEV CO.,

l-P5-tf

Boeville, Bee Co. Texas.

I Names of Bee - Keepers, i

TYPE WRITTEN.

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them

$2.00. VV. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

A fl fl n To my customers and friends :

I XVIr\ Please remember that W. H.

I 11 if If Laws is again headquarters for
Italian queens. I breed nothing
but large, well-developed queens, either Golden
or Leather-colored. My Golden strain is from
Doolittle's original ONE HUNDRED dollar QUEEii
sent me after he had reared over 1,000 queens
from her. For business and beauty, my bees are
unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00 ; six for
$4.50. Tested, $1.25. Breeders, %-i to $4. Ad-
dress

4 95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark.

Please mention the Review,

Dirert-Draft Perfect
BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

PRICES

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knife.

BINGHAM

Patented May 20, 1879.

Perfect Bee- Smoker aod Honef Knives,

PATENTED 1878, 1882 and 1892.

11.00- •'

1.50

6 00 - "

1 00

4 75- "

.70

3 00- "

.50

7.00- "

.80

and Little
DOW inipr<
LUTELY

patent (
2 95tf

1) ctor 3'/2 inch Stove, per doz $12,00— Mail, $1.75

( '<)n(iner<)r 3 '" •' "

L-.rge 21^ •'

Pl»iri 2

Little Wpadrr 1% "

Honry Knife " " "

BEST ON EARTH.
The throe larger sizes have extra wide shields and double
cdilo'l steel wire liandlos. These SHIELDS and HANDLES are
an AMAZING COMFORT-alwajs coo' and clean. The Plain
Wonder have narrow shields and wire handles Ail Bingham Smokers for 1895 have all the
)vemonts, viz : Direct Draft, Bent Cap, Wire Handles, Inverted Bellows, and are ABSO-
Pr'jRFl<]('T. All genuine Bingham Knives and Bee Smokers are stamped with date o
irculars sent free.

T. F. BINGHAM, Abronia, Michigan.

:'HE BEE-REEFERS' REVIEW.

301

ECTIONS, SEE ilVES AND SHIPPING CASES.

We mako a Spocialty of these Goods and defy Competition in
QXJA.I_iITY", 'W^OK/ICD^^ft.lsrSHIF and. F»R,IOEiS.

~ Write for free illustrated Catalogue and Price List. 7-95-tf

G. B. LiEWlS CO., WatePtouiti, Wisconsin.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This nut represents our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
^ sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-161

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PHIOKS, ETC.,

Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

Please mention the Reuieui.

W. H. BRIGHT'S

CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing
needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, liivrs, sec-
tions, sprayinir pumps and Briprlifs comb foun-
dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one
fiee.

WM. H. BRIGHT,
l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

riensi- mention the reuiew.

W. O. VICTOR, of Wharton, Texas, took

45,000 Pounds

Of honey in 1894, a.'i the result of eleven years'
experience. He offers for sale good, old-style
honey 5-9.5-tf

Queens zvpcl Bees

At tlie following prices :

1 Untested Queen, 15

19 '• Queens, 7.50

1 Tested Queen, 1 . 50

12 " Queens, ]5 00

1 Single-frame Nucleus. IJ^ to 2 lbs bees

and Untested Queen , 1 . 50

12 Single-frame Nuclei, with bees & Queens, 15.00
1 Two-frame Nucleus, 2]4 to 3 lbs. bees

.T.nd Untested Queen," 2 00

12 Two-frame Nuclei, witii bees & queens, 20.00
Prices on larger quantities given upon applica-
tion. One untested queen, if a first order, for 50 c.

JUST RECEIVED,

A car load of Root's goods. Prices to suit the
times Reasonable satisfaction guaranteed.

— If you are going to —

BUY A BUZZ - SAW,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
mako you happy by telling you tlie price at
which ho would soil it.

Largest Factory in the West.

COM'PLETE STOCK.

Good Supplies and Low^ Prices, <^ur Motto
We are here to serve you and will if jon yive us a chauco. Catalotjue Free. Adders.^,

LEAHY /AAWUPACTURI/HG CO., Hi?<jiosvilI«, ^\o.

302

THE Bj_'E-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HailliltOll, IIIS.

4-94-l2t Please mention the Reuiem.

\

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

WHAT'S
THE USE OF

KEEPING

If you do not sell tho honey? That's what we
are here for. Get our high prices before soiling.
C. R. HORRIE & CO., coirmieeion mei-
chants, 224 So. Water St., Chicago. Ills.

5 Cents h Pound Off

On Hunt's Foundation for Ihe balance of the
season.

Root.s Shipping Cases for comb honey at his
prices. All other goods at reduced prices.
8 95-tf . M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by C. W.
Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and ('heap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
tho country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 95.12t Indianapolis, Ind.

SAVE MONEY,

It is always economy to buy tho best,
especially when the best costs no more
than soniethinfr not hnlf so good. Our
FALCON SECTIONS are ac-
knowjodged to Do suiierior to any on the
market. The same is also true of our HIVES and Ijee-keepers' SUPPIilES
of which we make, all modern styles, uur prices will be found as low as tiiose i.t
any of our competitors, and in many eases lower, and vou are always Riire of eretiine;
first-class goods Wo also publisli tlio AMERICAN BEE KEEPER,
a monthly magazine (fifth year) at 50c a year, invnlnnhhi to heginnrrH. fjaree iliiiH-
trnted catalogue and price list free. Address THE W T. FALCONER
Mf'g Co., Jamesto'H'n, N. Y.

Now England customers may
by purchasing of our Eastern
agent, Mr. W. M. Gerrish of East
Nottingliam, New Hampshire.

SAVE FREIGHT.

^$^^^^^^5^^$^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^:

/ //A, BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

308

CANADIAN

lv>(> kooperfl will find it tf) their interest to buy
thoir supplies of Uie Goold. Shajdoy & Muir Co.,
of Brantfonl, Ont., ( anaila. Circular free. This firm also publishes a bright,
progressive, illustrat.Ml montlily CD CT fS" Jwirnal at $1,0) per year. Sam-
ples free. Italian queon.s from the ^^ ^ finest strain of l)ees in the country
can be furnished in May at S'.OD each for untested, and g2.()0 each for tested. In
June, untested, 75 c's , tested. »1.")0. Remember, 1he
and the queens go to the United Stites free from duty.

JOURNAL

/ w,^EM^:^m:£^.m:MF.^<f^^.^' \ \ \

3 - Frame Nucleus and Italian

ft"""" i^nn ^"^ ^

WRITE U5

Untested queens, 715 cts ; Six forS3.")0.

Discount on quaiititi' s.

Full^Line-^^of^Supplles .

( ircalar free. I. .J. STUINGH.VM.

J-iiritf 105 Park Place. New York City.

Horjey Queers,

Have, for the past 18 years, been carefully bred
in my yards for producinj? comb honey; a spe-
cial method being empliyeil whereby largo,
loner-lived and prolific queens are secuced. I
can fnrnish either three oi- live-banded stock,
or from imported mothers, onch variety b^ing
lircd in a separate yard. No foul brood or par-
alysis. Warranted queens, GO cts., tested, $2(iO.
Selected brooders, S2..50. Discount on quantities.

-9.5-tf

J. H. GOOD,

Nappanoe, Ind.

Before orderiUK your sections and we
will give you 150TT01VI PRICES on

the

10S8" ONE-PIEGE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
Wo have evcrythins in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. FOEjrici^ooF; & CO.,

•Jan. 1st, 1S04. Watertown, Wis.

— If you wish the best, low-dprice —

TYPE. - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

Tested Queens bf Rekn Mail at $1.00

T AM devoting my apiary largely to the rearing of queens, making a specialty of
1 tested Italian queens at $1.00 each or six for $5.00. These queens are of this year's
rearing, and have been kept just long enough to know that they are good layers
and purely mated. For several weeks I have been filling orders by return mail, and I
am keeping a large number of queens in nuclei for the express purpose of enabling
me to fill orders promptly. More than six queens ( tested ) will be sold at 75 cents
each, but such orders nuistbe sent with the understanding that, while they will be
filled as promptly as i)ossible, it may not bo by return mail, which will be the case
with six or a less number of queens. The Review and one queen for $1.50.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

304

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIlu}^

• .••••.••«•. . •

I ^\)3se Bro5. piapo <?o. |

/T\aQufa^turi;rs of

^

^\\piS>E 81^05. a^d ^^/lQKlEV I

:»I/^flOS!

Buy Direct ai^d 5aue Dealers' profits ai^d

p^epts' (^oflifi^issio^s.

11;; Muskegon,
{ Mich.

Chicago, ii

linois.

NOV,, 1895.

At Flir|t, l\/Iich[igaq. — Oqe Dollar a Year

306

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

AlDVEl^TISIflG l^flTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upward8,.3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times.
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal. . . . ( l.Od)

(Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper . . . ( ..50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)

Apiculturist ( .75)

.$t.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 130.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb nnsoiled
bytravel-stain.or otherwise ; all the colls sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb nnsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark," etc.

CHICAGO, 111.— Extracted honey is plentiful
and the colored grades range in price from 4J^
to 6 cts. per pound. We quote as follows : fan-
cy white, 15 ; No. I white, \A to 14 ; fancy amber,
10 to 11 ; No. 1 amber, 7 to 9 ; fancy dark, 8 to 10;
No. 1 dark. 7 to 8. Beeswrx. 2S to HO.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Oct. 9. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, lU.

BUFFALO, N. Y.-The market is firm on all
new. fancy stock, and we would advise ship-
ments. Buckwheat honey sells slowly. Bees-
wax wanted. We quote as follows : fancy white
16 to 17 ; No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; faucy dark, 10 to
11 ; No. 1 dark, 8 to 9. Beeswax, 28 to 30.
BATTERSON & CO..

Oct. 11. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows :
No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 amber, 11 to 12 ; No. 1
dark, 8 to 10. Beeswax, 23 to 25.

C. C. (^LEMONS CO..

Oct. 10 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. -We quote fancy
Minnesota White, one-pound sections at 14 to 15
cents. California extracted honey in 60-lb cacs,
7 cents

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Nov. 21.

NEW YORK, N. Y.— There is a good demand
for comb honey of all grades. Extracted is in
fairly good demand, but the supply is large, be-
ing mostly from California. The (luality is fine.
Beeswax dull and declining. We quote as fol-
lows : fancy white, 15; No. 1 white, 14; fancy
amber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 ; No. 1 dark, 9. Bees-
wax, 27 to 23.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Oct. 10 120 & 122 West Broadway New York.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Our honey market is in good
shape, although, as with other products, the
prices are not high. Receipts are lighter than
last year, and there is a good steady demand, but
there is not a real scarcity of white honey. We
quote as follows : white clover, (comb) 15 to 16 ;
mixed, 12 to 14. dark, 9 to 11. Extracted, White,
6^to 7 : amber, 5i4 to 6 ; dark, 5 to 5!/2,

H. R WRIGHT,

Nov. 9 Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

POTATO CRATES and Bee Hives
are my specialties. Price list free. Address
.J. M. KINZIE
1-95-12. Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

R-l-R-A-N-S

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS.

I have already bought in this way a guitar
and violin for my girls and a flute for my-
self. If you are thinking of buying an in-
strument of any kind I should be glad to
send you one on trial. If interested, write
me for desciptive cirular and price list, say-
ing what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

.\tLl<j BEE-KEEPERS' 1:1: VIEW,

307

■

^IDTEH L.OSSES

Are not always the result of the same cause. They *@)

may come from starvation ; from poor food ; from §

improper preparations ; from imperfect protection ; from ®)

a cold, wet, ro, possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar ; S

etc., etc. Successful winterin*,'- comes from a proper j^

combination of different conditions. For clear, con- -(^

cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all - im- [^

portant points, consult "Advanced Bee Culture." '®)

Five of its thirty - two chapfers treat as many different S

phases of the wintering" problem. p=^

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the "©)

book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. iMil

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, JVTich.

Bees Scooped !

-4--

1 liavp at last succeeded in buying all the l)ees
within 'lYi miles of my home apiary, except five
colonies, and these I have Italianized and liave
permission to control their dr(>nes. Tliis prac-
tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
cxpiTience in breeding and experimenting with
Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for
lousiness" from my own importations and Doo-
lit tie's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, S-frame,
I). 'I', hive, $tj.OU; 5 colonies, $27.50 ; U) ci)lonies,
."lO 00 ; one frame nucleus, .fl,'"0; two frame,
1 .75. Select the queen wanted and add price to
the above. During March and April, one tested
• M'M, '2.00. Select tested (lueen, $3 00. After
May 1st, one tested queen, $1 "iO ; :)forSl.()0; (5
for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 .'il*. Untested queens
as early as the season will permit of their being
reared, one for $1 DO; .3for$2.25; C, for $4 00; 12
f or 8t) 75. I have over KKt tested queens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
colonies to fill extra early orders.

Contracts for hybri<l and l)lack bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them
witii tested or untested Italian ipieens on reason-
able terms.

;-9512

JOHH n- DAVIS,

Spring Hill. Maury Co., Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur
Bee- Keeper, a 70 page book hy Prof. J. W. Rouse.
Price 25c., by mail2-fc. The little book and the
Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28
page monthly journal) one year 6.5c. Address,
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO. Hiqginsville. Mo.

]2 93-l2t. ^

THE STRATTON

" and "Manhattan" Guitar

Warranted not to Crack. N'o Giiitaiv- solii
t rftail. Dealers v,ieaso .send for Illti.stnitcd
'aialogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON & SON,

*>3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK..

308 THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW.

*

I Tbe A. I. ROOT Co-, i

/ 56 Fifth Avenue, ||

il Cbic2v$o, Illinois. //

ll GEO. W. YORK, n^vnzvger. ^/

P^l ^*^ '^"^

%j Appreciating tlie value of Chicago as a distributing point, and having the .^

¥A^ opportiimty presented to us, we have bought oat the good will and stock ot bee- ^

fe; keepers' supplies of Thos. G. Newman, who lias conducted a successful business ^

^^ there for many years. , /

%^ We have secured the services of A\R. GEO. W. YORK as manager, who /

'¥M needs no introduction to most of our patrons. Btsides his sterling business ^

m' qualities and promptness, he has had long experience and drill in Jhe suPP'y /

''10- business under T. (i. Newman & Son, before he purchased the rlA\ERlCAn ' y

f^^ BEE JOURiHAL., of which he is still editor and proprietor. y

%i A full assortment of /

f^ - /

% RooF^ B<?^-K«p<^r5' Supplks ||

%f'- *^^^

'4M. will be constantly on hand, for sale at catalog prices, and prompt service may be / ■

<^y had by addressing as above. /

% THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. /

Toropto Copveotioo Report Free-

A Full Report of the Proceedings of the North American convention held at Toronto, Canada,
will appear in the weekly American Boe .Tounal immediately after the meeting , Sept. 4, .5 and 6
The first installment will be in the number fur Sept. IS. If not now a subscriber, jou can have that
Report free, by sending $1.00 now for the American Bee Journal tor 1896, as we will " throw in " the
balance of the year 18v5, beginning with Sept. 18, to new subscribers. Think of it -over 15 months
( or nearly 70 numbers ) of the old .Vmerican Boe .Tournal for only #1 00 [

i^W" And, besides all that, each new subscriber will ro?oive a free copy of the 160 page book,
" Bees and Honey. " Better send your dollar at once, and join the procession. Please mention this
pajjer.

GEO. W. YORK &• CO., 56 Fiftb Ave., Chicago, IH5.

Getting t^cady ^' | ITAIIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

1896.

We are now making necessary arrangements
for manufacturing on a large suiile, Jtxtraciors,
Smokers and everything used by the wi.io-a-
wake )3ee keeper. We shall continue lo make
our F.VLCON POLISHED SECTIONS, wl,i<-h
are yet unequelcd. If you liave never iisecl any
of our goods it is time for you to do si>. 'I'hi y
are acknowledged to be unsurpassed by any
other maKe V>ur large new catalogue will be
out early in the year. Anything you want now ?
Write to us. Goods and prices guaranteed to be
satisfactory.
Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MAN' F'ti CO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.

FOIi 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. ItROWN,
l-S8-tf. Auffusta, Georgia.

BEE - KBERERS'

SUPRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N Y. City.

(SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

V

oe (i)ee-f\eepeps jAcviecLi

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR,
w. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL, VIM, FLINT, MICHIGAN, NOV, 10, 1895,

NO,

AVork at jVIidiigan's

Experimerital

^piarv.

R. L. TAYLOR, APIARIST.
COMPARISON OF SECTION COMB FOUNDATIONS.

TN making an
1 experimeut
with comb foun-
dation this j-ear I
have pursued a
course dift'erinnr
in some re? peels
from that pursu-
ed in former ex-
periments. In the
tirst place all the
s imples made hy
others (o lie used
in the experimeut were procured in
such a way that none of the manufacturers
could know that it was to be used by me
except the single one wiiich I have called
the Root-Given which I will explain here is
a foundation made by a machine got up by
the A. I. Root Co. to make foundation in
imitation of that produced by the Given
l)ress tliough the machine itself is a roller
mill. Then instead of using a single sample
of Given foundation of my own manufac-
ture for comparison as in former experi-
ments I used two— one was freshly made
from wax selected on account of its bright

yellow color and its hard brittle character
from a lot of wax which was mostly pur-
chased and perhaps from five to ten percent
of the selection was made frorri cappings.
On account of the character of this wax the
proper sheeting of it for use in the Given
press was decidely more difficult than is
ordinarily the case as the sheets were so
prone to crnckin cooling and when they did
not crack they were considerably inclined to
roll or crinkle. The other was made last
year and was from the lot used in making
the test a year ago. In the table the former
is simply d iuominated Given while the
hitter is called the Old Given. In addition
to the three mentioned I procured a sample
from each of the three following manufac-
turers viz. C. Dadaut ct Son, Hamilton, 111.,
the A. I. Root Co., Medina, 0., and M, H.
Hunt, Bell Branch, Mich. The method of
ompnrison puisued [was the same as was
emiiloyed in last year's trial. Sections
nine to the foot were used in cases holding
thirty t^ix such sections without separators,
the theory, I may repeat, being that the
kind of foundation best adapted to such use
would be worked first and drawn out far-
thest by the bees and so be found to contain
the most lioney. To make the test a fair
one each case was filled with one of the sorts
of foundation selected for the trial and the
other half with another sort, the two sorts
being made to alternate throughout.

As will be seen the Given foundation
made from the hard yellow wax is tiie kind
selected with which to compare each of the

810

THE B,E-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

other sorts. The table following in addition
to the distinguishing designation shows
in each case the number of pieces three and
three-fourths inches square to the pound, the
number of feet to the pound, and the weight
of eighteen sections. It is hardly necessary
to say that the record of each parcel of Given
foundation is placed next in position to the
record of that sort with which it was com-
pared thus that treated in the second line of
the table was compared with that in the
first line, that in the fourth line with that in
the third line and so on.

A word of caution may be necessary lest
on a cursory examination of the table some
should be misled into fixing the standing cf

pies of foundation were made. The hard
brittle character of the wax from which the
freshly-made Given foundation came guar-
anteed its inferiority. If this is true, and
t will hardly be questioned, the quality of
the wax used cuts as great a figure in the
quality of the foundation produced as does
the method of its manufacture, perhaps
more. This suggests important questions
for future experiments such as the following.
Whence does wax derive the undesirable
consistency referred to? Does it come
from the character of the honey from which
it is produced or from excessive boiling or
from some other occult cause? If the in-
jury is caused by boiling what amount of

TABLE SHOWING RESULTS OF COMPARISONS.

Designation.

No. of Pieces 3%

inches square to

thelb.

No of feet to
the lb

Weight of 14 case
of honey,
lbs. oz.

Per cent,
of excess

Per cent,
of deficit.

\ Dadant's

128
108
112
112

96
5 04
120
112-
100

96

12 49

10 54

10.9iJ

10.92

9-39

10 14

11.70

10.92

9 75

9. 39

11 11 ■
1.' 8

11 9
10 11

12 6
U 15
10 8

9 2
12
9 12

8

3.6
15
23

6-5

\ Root's

') Given

) Given

\ Hunt's ... .'

\ Old Given

"/ Given

the several foundations considered from
the column giving the weight of the honey
produced. For instance in the second line
of the table the Given foundation is shown
to carry twelve and a half pounds of honey
— the highest amount shown — but that this
fact should not be used as an argument in
favor of that foundation appears when it is
considered that other kinds figure in cases
generally less well filled as well as with dif-
ferent antagonists so to speak. The col-
umns containing the per cent of excess and
deficit as found from a comparison of each
with the " common term " furnishes a far
better criterion. By the use of this it ap-
pears that the old Given, though manufac-
tured at least a year before, easily leads all
the others in quality. But what is the
most remarkable is the great difference
shown in the quality of the two samples of
Given foundation and that this is in favor
of that sample which had been much the
longer made as well as somewhat lighter in
weight. No one was ever heard to affirm
that age improves the quality of foundation,
and with good reason, so the explanation of
the discrepancy must be sought elsewhere.
Undoubtedly it is to be found in the char-
acter of the wax from which the two sani-

heat is effectual in doing the injury ? Again ,
is there any way in which the quality of
such wax can be ameliorated? It has been
claimed that wax be " annealed " by a
proper attention to temperature at the time
of sheeting it. Is such claim well founded?

Nothing farther need be added in explana-
tion of the table and scarcely anything more
could be said to enforce its lessons.

Lapeek, Mich Nov. 2, 18%.

^t^^^^:^^:^

Notes From Foreign Journals.

F. L. THOMPSON,

Pnge 2(>4, column 1, paragraph 5, line fi,
re ;d " three " instead of " tho.ee. "

La Revue Internatianle.— The druggist
who contributed the method for testing wax
given last month says the statement should
have been made that 70 or 75 per cent alco-
hol should be used in the third stage of the
process. DO or 9.5 per cent alcohol would
lead one to suspect pure wax of being adul-
terated.

From another journal is taken a plan of
getting rid of drone brood by sprinkling it
with cold water before it is sealed, which

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

311

n.. .8 the bees to remove it. The sugges-
tion is made that this would be a good way
of treating brood in sections without ppoil-
ing them.

Pierre Odier gives an interesting account
of a visit to the apiary of a bee- keeper who
is blind and crippled, This man, Benja-
min Imseng by name, has never had any-
thing read to him about bees, but has gain-
ed a good part of his knowledge from his
own experience. He lives at the village of
Saas-Fee, Valais, Switzerland near a glacier,
at an elevation of iWi feet. His bees are
partly Carniolans, but mainly a cross be-
tween Caruiolans and natives. His pure
Carniolans swarm, but the hybrids very little.
He has tried Italians, but has found them
cross, and not well able to bear the cold
winters, 22" to 31^ F. below zero being not
infrequent, and the snow remaining on the
ground eight months of the year. Another
result of the altitude is that the wax-moth is
unknown.

His method of finding the queen to be kill-
ed when he wishes to unite two colonies may
be remembered as a variant in difficult
cases. The hive is first removed from its
place, then a frame filled with syrup substi-
tuted for one of the side frames, from which
the bees are shaken back into the hive.
When the comb containing syrup is covered
with bees, they are shaken off into the
colony with which they are to be united.
The remaining combs are treated in like
manner until the last is reached, on which
the queen is sure to be found, as she avoids
the one containing syrup. At this point his
blindness obliges him to kill all the bees on
the last comb, to make sure of the queen.

He judges of the amount gathered from
day to day by means of a very primitive
weighing-machine, with which he can esti-
mate weights as low as between three and
four ounces. A plank is balanced on a tri-
angular straight-edge. The hive is placed
on one end of the plank, and stones of known
weight near the other end, at a point which
is as far from that end as half the width of
the hive.

BiENEN — Vatee, — A clear case of two
young laying queens living peaceably to-
gether is given by Wilhelm Schultze. The
old queen was removed on the 12th of June;
queen-cells were built, and on the 7th of
July a young queen was laying. On the
28th of July two young queens were seen,
the hive being nearly full of brood. The

colony was then divided, with a queen in
each part, since which both queens have
continued to lay.

Two reversible extractors have lately been
illustrated and described in the Bienen-
Vater. Both have the motive power applied
below. When one stops to think about it,
the transverse bar at the top of an extract-
or is really a good deal of an annoyance.
To the operator standing in front of the
machine, with the axle which turns the cog-
wheel opposite his right hand, only one of
the baskets is presented in a convenient
position to receive the combs. The other
or others must be brought up to the proper
place, where they are not inclined to stay,
the weight of the handle impelling the reel
to its former position. Any object, such as
a piece of a comb, which accidentally falls
in the extractor, is not to be removed with-
out much stickiness and unpleasantness.
When the extractor is non- reversing and the
gearing above, the frames must be lifted
clear out to be reversed, whereas with no
gearing or central rod in the way they can
be reversed in the reel, without lifting
them up. The absence of a central rod, and
stays above, no doubt makes the lower parts
more expensive, in order to be sufficiently
solid; but with the above annoyance remov-
ed, one who extracts a ton of honey could
well afford to pay a little more.

The two extractors referred to are pro-
vided with legs which are long enough to
raise the can to the usual height above the
floor, to which they are screwed, and to be
fastened to both the upper aud lower rims
of the can; In this way they form a unit
with the can, and stay so, and make prob-
ably the simplest form of support. Rigid-
ity of the legs is secured, in one of the
machines, by making them of iron shaped
like T-tins; in the other, by making them of
wood.

Leipzigeb Bienenzeitung. — Herr Schlick-
um uses a " cement " press ( likely plaster
of Paris ) which consists of two leaves, pre-
sumably hinged together, each one having a
metal rim very slightly elevated above the
general surface. It is soaked in water for
five or six hours before using, then placed
on a table, which is kept constantly wet.
The melted wax is poured on the lower leaf,
and the upper one brought down by the left
hand without particular pressure, its own
weight sufficing. The press is then dipped
in water, laid on the table in the same po-

312

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE]^

sition, and opened. The sheet always ad-
heres to the lower leaf. It is removed by
passing a knife, held perpendicularly,
around three sides, and peeling off. The
press is dipped in water again and allowed
to drip for a moment. It is then ready for
the next sheet.

On page 250 of the American Bee Journal
of Aug. 2;], 1894, is an easy method of making
such a press, which is very cheap. The uni-
form answers to Query 988 in the A. B. .1.
are largely based on the cost of foundation
roller mills, and apply well enough to sur-
plus foundation and to brood foundation
destined to be sold, but furnish no valid
reason why brood foundation for home use
should not be made at home, thus saving
the difference between the cost of wax and
foundation, which may amount to a good
deal when one is increasing his colonies.
Little skill or time is required with a press
which uses melted wax, according to ac-
count; brittlenoss is avoided by making no
more than is used at once, while to poor
appearance, dark color, or uuevenness, the
bees make no objection

Akvada, Colo. Oct. 5, 1895.

-^j-^-^^V^I

Bee Escapes and Section Boxes — The
Possibilities of one-half Acre of Land.

B. TAYLOK.

v.t.

EXT after the
three great con-
veniencies mention-
ed in the October
Rev i e w , I give
fourth place to bee
escapes. I am puz-
zled over the fact
tha' there are people
who still decry es-
capes, <and I am
compelled, to regard
them as belonging to the class who refuse to
use washing machines and clothes wringers.
When I think of the battle I used to have to
get the bees from the section cases late in
the season, and the safe, quiet, speedy way
I do it now with escapes, I am compelled to
unconsciously exclaim " A great invention
indeed. " I regard the escape as now per-
fected, and but little if any improvement
possible. The Porter and the Handy escape.

as invented and made by myself, both work
as near perfect as it seems possible. Be-
tween these two escapes I see no difference
except that the Handy is the simplest in.
construction. Last fall I went to an apiary
of forty colonies that had been run for ex-
tracted honey. No honey had been removed
and the hives were tiered from two to four
high. An excluder had been used to keep
the queen in the lower hive, but all the hives
were filled with bees. The time was early
October and I expected trouble in getting
the bees out. We went to the yard one
afternoon and put under the escapes in an
hour ; six Porters and some thirty Handy
escapes being used. I expected to have to
leave them on several days, as there were
so many bees to get out. We stayed over
night and by nine o'clock the next morning
the honey was all off with not a quart of bees
in the whole lot. L have had similar expe-
riences before. I have now lost all interest
in the improvement of escapes. I know
there are persons who still honestly believe
au escape should have a large opening so
the bees can get out faster, but the Handy
escape is so small that but one bee can get
inside at a time, and 1 know it works better
than any escape with a large opening.

I have sometimes questioned whether
sections have made honey production more
profitable. I used to have neat boxes of
five, ten, and fifteen pounds capacity. I
used starters in them so there were just
three combs of equal thickness. They were
cheap, shipped well, looked very inviting,
and only lacked two points of superiority
given by the pound sections, viz : , the honey
can be cut from them by the consumer with
less daub than from the box, but the great-
est point with me as a honey producer is
the ease with which I can have sections
filled with combs one season and then
used to secure large yields of white honey
the next season, I know that Mr Vander-
vort and others claim that full sheets of
foundation will be finished as quickly as
drawn combs but I know my honey crops
for the last three seasons were obtained by
the use of drawn combs and that this year,
as in previous ones, there were many cases
in which the foundation had not been touch-
ed, but in the same cases the drawn combs
were filled and sealed with salable honey.

THE OKOP ON THAT ^.j AOKE.

Recently I received a letter from a bright,
iudastrious bee-keeper of long experience

I'niL tsElL-KEKPERS REVlJiJvy,

HVA

wlij is uow depeadinif ou the sale of houey
almost entirely for present support. His
apiary is in a yood location williin the cor-
porate limits of the city of Minneapolis.
He has a crop of 5,000 pounds of extracted
houey. He writes " I am very busy trjiny
to sell the honey. I have rented a room on

avenue and have a man to tend it when

I am out peddling, but the sales in both
ways do not average more than lour dollars a
day ; the people have no money as a rule and
cannot buy. I could ouly make fair wages
if the honey were given me. " Now friends I
have been for several years, telling you two
things, and I want you when you read this
to again read my o^)ening article in the
Review for December 1804. The two points
to which I wish to call your attention are,
first, that bee-keeping nlone is not a safe
basis to support a family, and, second, we
must turn our attention from the great
cities to our rural home markets to find sale
for our honey. The gentleman I have quot-
ed from is a good salesman and is in a city
where twenty-five years ago he could by
his present effort have sold one hundred
dollars worth a day. My honey crop is not
more than one-fourth of a crop, but I easily
sold it at fifteen cents a pound to special
customers that I have been making for sev-
eral years. There are no freight charges to
pay out of this, nor commissions to dispute
about ; I have all there is in it, and, besides,
I have the crop from my half acre and
shall not be pinched for food or raiment.
The }'^i acre farm was ouly opened up this year
and has not yielded nearly so much as I
shall expect next season when I hope to
have control of more water, but this year I
raised Ijo bushels of the nicest potatoes,
more fine hubbard squashes than any two
families can consume, ?> bushels of nice
beans, 1 bushel of peas, 10 bushels of sweet
corn, ;5 bushels of tomatoes, 3 dozen water
melons, many vegetable oysters, with lima
and other beans, peas, sweet corn, lettuce,
potatoes and other vegetables for summer
use, and I now have the finest strawberry
patch you ever saw planted with Bubach,
VVarfield, Haverland and Lovett's early,
capable of yielding 10 bushels of berries
for next year's use. If my friend had
the crop from my half acre he could
live even if he sold but a small part of his
honey.

FOBESTVILLK, MiNN.

Nov., 3, 1895.

Requisities for the Successful, Out - Door
Wintering of Bees.

I-. A. ASPINWALL.

TJRIEND Hutch -
1^ inson — before
proceeding with my
subject an apology,
or some explana-
tion should be
made as to the delay
in furnishing this
article — I certainly
promised it for
August or Septem-
ber. It is wholly
due to the intense mental strain which I
have been subjected to in developing the
Potato Digger which has been almost a life
work for me. Although the Planter occupi-
ed 20 years of my life before success was
obtained ; the digger has been the subject of
intense study along with other things for a
period of o5 years. At times my brain
power has com^^i^itely failed ; when all cor-
respondence and letter writing were quite
out of the question.

I also take this opportunity to otter my
deepest sympathy in your affliction. I refer
to the illness of your daughtar, and your
attack of rheumatism. It seems at times as
though our burdens were almost unbearable,
and were it not for our conceptien of the
Divine, they would be heavier still.

Although a degree of success attends the
wintering of bees in cellars, and out doors
in favored localities, under the supervision
of expert bee keepers, still, an all-purpose
method by which no skill or care is required
at the hands of the apiarist, aside from the
preparation necessary at the close of fhe
honey season, has not been p'resented to the
bee-keepers of oar country.

In treating this subject it may not be
amiss to consider briefly the two methods
now in vogue throughout the north, viz.,
that of cellar wintering, and the out door
method. The latest, which is primitive, and
with modern hives somewhat unreliable, is
less so as we advance to warmer latitudes.
There are inherent objections to cellar
wintering ; the most serious of which is the
long period of confinement. In extremely
cold winters this objection is less apparent.
When contrasted with colonies wintered in
the open air, especially when the opportu-
nity for flight occurs two or three times

314

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

which is not uncommon, the objection be-
comes real. All bee keepers recognize the
importance of flight after days and weeks of
food consumption. The quality of food
bears directly upon this point ; poor food
necessitates frequent flights, and the con-
verse is true when the honey contains no
foreign substances. Progress in the art of
wintering has not kept pace with that of
honey production, which either impoverish-
es the bees or leaves them supplied with
poor or unripened stores, especially in over-
stocked localities. We need a better method
than in the days of box hives and abundant
honey resources. Taking the question of
food into consideration, too much impor-
tance cannot be attached to the necessity of
unrestricted flight.

Another objection to cellar wintering is
the labor of handling our colonies twice a
year ; the matter of lifting an eight frame
hive is slight, but when a hundred or more
are to be moved they became a burden.
Furthermore, we are upon the dawn of an
era of non-swarming hives, which are nec-
essarily much larger, and will increase our
burdens if cellar wintering is depended
upon. The third objection I shall name is
that of temperature and ventilation, which
requires care and skill to maintain. Out of
this grows a fourth objection, viz , , the ne-
cessity for an attendant near at hand through-
out the season of confliiement.

Having set forth the objections to cellar
wintering, let us turn our attention to the
out door or natural method, and we will
find but one impediment to complete suc-
cess. I refer to the maintaiuance of a prop-
er temperature during a protracted cold win-
ter ; especially in hives occupied by small
colonies. Populous colonies well supplied
with honey utider favorable circumstances,
are almost certain to survive the winter.
However, the mere»survival of a cold win-
ter is not sufficient. We must not only in-
sure the small or less populous colonies but
have them well wintered — scarcely less pop-
ulous than they were in the Autumn.

Taking into consideration the several
objections to cellar wintering, compared
with but one in the out-door method, ( that
of temperature), whicTi is not inherent, we
may look for a solution of the problem in
the latter. This accomplished, and still main-
taining unrestricted flight, we will have all
that is desirable for every condition of cli-
mate.

In considering a method I have practiced
the last two winters (the last one being se-
vere), with unprecedented success, and hav-
ing wintered both in cellars and special re-
positories. I will, first of all, urge the im-
portance of a better supply of food in the
immediate proximity of the cluster. With
insufficient stores, no amount of precaution
will insure perfect success.

Modern hives with their brood aud stor-
age apartments tend to deplete the brood
chamber of winter stores even when the
seasons are most favorable, unless great pre-
caution is exercised. We have guaged the
size of our hives according to the laying ca-
pacity of the queens, which, although favor-
able to a maximum production of market-
able honey, are not altogether adapted to
successful wintering. In box hives and
natural abodes, if sufficiently large, the
storage or winter supply is accessible to
the cluster. With these facts in view, let us
prepare our colonies for cold winters ; pre-
pare them to withstand a prolonged tem-
perature during which they cannot change
ranges of comb. Under such circumstances,
for this latitude, the central combs should
contain not less than 4 or 5 lbs. of honey
each, and a total of not less than 35 or 40 lbs.
The outside or heavy combs should never be
exchanged for those at the center ; such an
arrangement would destroy the contour of
the brood nest, and result in unfavorably
wintering.

The construction of frames bears directly
upon the subject of wintering, particularly
in regard to maintaining the requisite de-
gree of warmth. Closed end frames con-
serve the warmth of the colony in each range
to a greater degree than those with open
ends. They are in accordance with nature.
The comb structure, whether in a hollow
tree, or a box, or a straw hive, is such. My
experiments with artificial comb have served
to throw much light upon this feature in
frames as applied to wintering. Even with
closed ends, natural comb is seldom attach-
ed more that half way down, while the arti-
ficial combs are fixed closely the entire
length of each end bar. As a test of tem-
perature, I placed a thermometer in the
bottom of the tray containing saw dust,
locating it directly above the cluster, and
found the average in colonies containing
natural comb to range from oO" to 35° F,
while in the wooden comb it stood at G0° when
the outside temperature was zero. I made

IHE BEE-KEEPERS' BE VIEW.

S15

these experiments several times with the
same results. Furthermore, the comb
spacingsin my hives are I'g inches from
center to center. The artificial combs are
^s of an inch thicker, which limits the space
to ^li of an inch. Notwithstanding thicker
combs and narrower spaces, and, conse-
quently less bees occupying a given area, a
temperature of <>0 against;?")' is maintained,
showing conclusively the advantage of not
only having closed ends, but combs attach-
ed as closely as possible to the end bars.
By reference to the accompanying illustra-
tion, we find the average attachments and
passage ways.

ASPINWALL PLAN FOB OUT-DOOK WINTEBING.

Bee^ in their natural abodes seldom have
separate or store apartments : their stores
more thoroughly fill the brood combs, which
have additional security at the edges. We
seldom find them closely attached below the
honey line. In long perpendicular combs
the honey line extends proportionally lower
than in shallow ones. Such are more close-
ly attached, and are found in hollow trees
which are also favorable to wintering.

The second requisite in successful winter-
ing is, outside protection, or sufficient thick-
ness of the outer walls. Much has been
written relative to double walls and air
spaces ; suffice it to say that the elements of
success are not there. ( )ur friend Hutchin-
son has touched that subject thoroughly in
a previous number of the "Review." My
experience leads me to conclude, that with
two-inch spaces, most any material will

serve for packing. Dry leaves, chaff, plan-
er shavings, saw-dust or paper torn into
shreds, all answer equally well, if properly
packed.

Iq addition to the closed-end frames and
outside packing, I have added a vesti-
bule entrance, and dead air or refuse cham-
ber. The accompanying illustration repres-
ents the hive I use. The packing may bs
attached or removed either in part or whole
as the locality may demand. It will be seen
that the stand, sides and top are pack-
ed. (See letters P. P. P. P.) The vestibule
is iudicatad by the letter A, denoting the
air space through which a bridge two inches
wide atone side of the hive leads up to the
entrance, E. The incline prevents any clog-
ging. This entrance is }4 inch wide and
two inches long, arranged with a button
cover which is prevented by a stop nail,
from closing more than two-thirds of the
opening. This ^4 inch opening is all that is
allowed during cold weather. Below and at
the side of the bridge leading from the en-
tr.mce E, is an opening (), three or four
inches long and ^^ of an inch wide leading
into tiie dead air chamber D. A. Through
this opening the carbonic acid gas, and all
refuse is allowed to escape. The bees re-
move their dead and drop them through
this opening. All careful observers have
no', iced that a strong colony will remove the
dead as the weather permits, and when too
cold, are unable to carry them beyond the
entrance. This explains why the entrances
of so many strong colonies become clogged
with dead bees and accumulated moisture
from the hive walls. It is remarkable that
nearly all the bees which die during the win-
ter are dropped into the dead air chamber.
Tliis apartment is provided with a loose fit-
ting removable bottom, secured by buttons or
any other simple method. Its looseness
allows the poisonous gas to escape, and fa-
cilitates removal and cleaning in the spring.
The opening () is provided with a block for
closing it when the vestibule is removed.
The top is provided with a tray which ex-
tends over the sides affording most thorough
protection. The hive cover C, rests upon
and covers the opening in the tray. Un-
bleached muslin is secured within the bot-
tom of the tray, wiiich is filled with saw
dust, it being preferable to any lighter pack-
ing. The warmth of the colony is more
tlioroughly retained than with planer shav-
ings or chaff. Although the two latter get

316

THE Bj^'E-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

damp by reason of escaping moisture,
while the sawdust remains dry, the colonies
of each are equally dry. With sufficient
warmth no moisture is visible ; only the pass-
age of warm air through the cold shavings
causes condensation. Without sufficient
protection on all sides, including a vestibule
and dead air chamber to assist in maintain-
ing a proper temperature, moisture will
accumulate within the hive, necessitat
ing a slow upward current to carry it off ; in
which instance shavings would be preferable
to sawdust. Such an arrangement, however,
causes an expenditure of vital force of the
colony. A piece of muslin is placed over
the frames ; under it two small ^o inch sticks
are laid crosswise forming a passage way
for the bees. This is, practically speaking,
" Hill's device. " The muslin cover facili-
tates the removal of the tray for inspection
in early spring. I doubt very much the
value of a passage way above the frames,
with protection as afforded. Hope to test
both ways the coming winter.

Below the hive is about three inches of
packing, preferably leaves, which are usual-
ly left from year to year. With tlie vesti-
bule entrance having a small outer opening,
strong winds cannot penetrate the hive, and
with an opening located below the entrance
proper, leading to the filth chamber, no
clogging can occur, to interfere with the
passage of pure air from without. This
combination enables the colony to maintain
a much higher temperature, and in conse-
quence remain perfectly dry the entire win-
ter. The dead bees which are dropped into
the dead air chamber are also free from
dampness.

By reference to the illustration the reader
will observe I place my hives upon stands
with cast iron supports (wood will answer).
The stands are about nine inches alcove
ground and the vestibule entrance about It
inches. My system of wintering on the low
stands necessitated keeping the snow swept
from the entrance. As now arranged no
care is required through the entire winter.
High stands also facilitate a removal of
dead bees by the loose bottom in the hltli
chamber, (^wing to the contagion of bid
paralysis by reason of diseased bees crawl-
ing and entering neighboring hives I alf^o
prefer this arrangement. Furthermore, the
hives are much cleaner and dryer, and gr;iss
seldom interferes with the working of the
colony.

By this method of wintering, the loss of
bees from the individual colony is exceed-
iny;!}' smill — scarcely a tea cup full will be
the average ; and what is most gratifying,
no cloanitig of the bottom boards becomes
necessary in the spring — all is contained in
the dead air chamber.

This system is applicable to most hives.
The method of packing is unimportant,
provided ample security against rain is
afforded. A vestibule entrance can readily
be made with a passage way sufficiently in-
clined to prevent any clogging with dead
bees and attached by screws to the hive, A
dead air chamber can also be made with an
opening through the bottom board, partly
within the hive. We must understand the
arrangement of the inclined passage way
through the vestibule. It is located at one
side of the opening to the dead air chamber.
This arrangement enables the bees to pass
in and out without crossing the opening.
The bottom can readily be packed, and a
tray provided for the top. If I were to
choo-^e betsveeu side packing and a vesti-
bule with dead air chamber, especially in
closed-end frame hives, it would be in favor
of the vestibule. The question of a little
additional expense may arise. To this I re-
ply ; the additional security against loss
more than balances it ; to say nothing of
the superior condition of our colonies in
the apiary.

Jackson, Mich. Nov., 13, 1895.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W.Z.HUTCHINSOI, Editor and Proprietor.

Teiims : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$l.ttO; threo for $2.70; live for $4.00; ten or more,
7 t cents e;ich. If it is desired to liave the Revi iw
Biopped at tlie expiration of the time paid for,
tjleaso say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued

FL/VT, MICHIGAN. NOV. 10. 1895.

Thk Weic^ht oe a bee, of the load of nec-
t ir It can carry, and similar topics may be
interesting in a seienlific way, but I fail to
see how a discussion of such questions, or
even a correct decision regarding them, can
be of any practical benefit to a honey pro-
ducer.

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

317

" Feeding Back" has not proved success-
ful with G. M. Doolittle, l)ut nfter reading
his article on the subject, in Gleanings, I
can't discovern'7ij/ he failed-

Wm. F. Clarke, of Guelph, of Oat. has
published a pamphlet "Containing a Cheap
and Easy Cure of Foul Brood, also a De-
fense of Sugar Honey." Those interested
can send the author ten cents for a copy.

The Kansas Bee Keeper has had its name
changed to the Rural Kansan, and depart-
ments devoted to horticulture, poultry, live
stock, the home, etc. have been added. Mrs.
Miller, its editor, is a " clipper, " especially
in clipping short items from the other jour-
nals.

The Bkood nest must be full of brood at
the begining of the harvest, if the best re-
sults are obtained ; so writes Doolittle to
the American Bee .Journal, and, if necessary
to bring about this result he would reduce
the brood nest to only four or five combs.

•T. A. Geeen of Ottawa, Illinois, whose
contributions frequently enriched the pages
of the earlier volumes of the Review (before
he branched off into the bicycle business)
was married Nov. G, to Miss Alice May Olds
of Ottawa. Mr. Green is an unusually
bright, practical — yes, and good looking —
young man and the Review wishes him
and his bride a long and happy life.

California is a long ways from the honey
markets of the East, and the freight on
small lots of honey takes off all the profits.
Buyers take advantage of this to force down
prices. Different plans of co-operation
have been proposed, but the most feasible
appears to be that of several bee-keepers
joining together in making up a carload of
honey and sending it East in charge of a
competent man. This carload could be
followed by others if the man in the Eastpo
advised. If a competent man could be
found already in the East, and I guess there
could, it would save quite a little money in
car fare. The orange growers have solved
the problem by means of an " Exchange. "
Bee Kef psrs may do the ?ame.

Lysol has cured many colonies of foul
brood by simply being fed to them, if we
can believe the reports. It may cure for the
time being, but suppose there is old, infect-
ed honey sealed up in the hive, and, later,
this is unsealed and fed to the brood, foul
brood will be again developed unless my
reasoning is greatly at fault. How is this,
Lysol feeders ?

The Canadian Bee Journal is giving a
most excellent report of the Toronto con-
vention ; the Oct. and Nov. issues being giv-
en up almost entirely to this purpose and
the end is not yet. The report of the dis-
cussions is particularly full, the most so, I
think, of any report of the meetings of the
North Americans.

T. F. Bingham of smoker fame has moved
to Farwell, Mich., where he will continue
to keep bees and make smokers. A factory
for making the latter has already been
bailt. By the way, it will be remembered
that the Review was "to blame" for the
bringing out the Crane smoker, and I really
believed at one time that it had no superior,
but as the years go by I find myself using
the Bingham instead of the Crane.

Heddon's Quarterly has been reduced in
price to ten cents a year, and its editor ex-
pects to give all that is truly new and useful,
know7i to be such, point out such fallacies
as might lead the beginner away from prof-
itable bee-keeping, and have a good share of
the paper left for choice reading matter. I
think Bro. Heddon can come pretty near
doing all he promises, as the really " new
and useful " things in bee-keeping now-a-'
days are few and far between, bee keep-
ing has reached a stage where not many
startling inventions need be looked for.

FATHER LANGSTKOTH AND THE HEDDON HIVE.

Father Langstroth was a great admirer of
Mr. Heddon, his hive and his Quarterly. In
speaking of the latter, at Toronto, he said to
me, " It contains more vigor, force and
triUJi than all of the other journals, and the
way that it has been ignored is no credit
to the ones who have kept silent. " He
most earnestly desired to speak, at the con-
vention, of the Heddon hive, and had plan-

318

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVju

ned to do so the last afternoon, but mat-
ters were rushed through and no afternoon
session held, thus the old man lost his op-
portunity. Some of my readers may know
that father Langstroth, several years ago,
made Mr. Heddon a long visit, and most
thoroughly examined the Heddon hive and
its working in the apiary. After that he
■wrote a long article giving his views upon
the hive. It was favorable to the hive, he
considering it one step in advance of his
own invention. Since then there have been
vague reports that he had been " influenced, "
that he was an old man in his dotage and
had been persuaded to make the visit, and
then given presents, etc., etc., whereby he
was induced to make the report that he did.
Those who started such stories certainly
did not know father Langstroth. What he
particularly wished to do was to refute
these statements — to show that he was
wholly disinterested. When the convention
was over he said " Never mind, I can give
it through the journals," but he was called
away before doing so.

THE ILLNESS OF OUR DAUGHTER.

For quite a long time our daughter Ivy
has been suffering from a complication of
disorders ; and about September 1st. bilious
fever was added to the list. This was soon
overcome, and she was, apparently, better
than she had been in some time ; then, sud-
denly, there came a relapse accompained by
a brain trouble. For six weeks now I have
been by her bedside almost constantly —
soothing her when it was possible and at
times being compelled to use force in con-
trolling her. Only those who have passed
through such experiences know how terrible,
terrible they are. At present the symptoms
are less violent, but both mind and body
are yet in a very bad state, and it will require
weeks, perhaps months, of the most careful
watching, treatment and care to bring her
back to health.

Under the circumstances," getting out the
Review is a difficult matter. No one can
imagine the twists and turns that have been
made in getting out this issue. There is not
much chance of " catching up " until Ivy is
better. The twins work away bravely at
type setting whan they can get away from
the household duties that are now thrown
largely upon them, but there is no "papa"
with them to help and advise.

I would not trouble my readers with these
matters were it not that if the Review is late,
or lacking in any respect, I wish its readers
to be willing, as I trust they will, to
overlook the defects, and just as soon as I
can I will make it all up.

i^'jlK'm^^i^^^^M

HOFFMAN FRAMES.

Gleanings for Oct. W, contains nearly two
pages on this subject from Dr. Miller and
the editor. It is apparent that the doctor has
now used these frames long enough to dis-
cover what a really formidable glue trap
they are. He says there is such an accumu-
lation of propolis that each frame is practi-
cally 1-16 of an inch wider, making the total
extension of the frames, when together, }4
inch. This crowded things so that it was
difficult to get out the first comb and he
thought that it might not be a bad thing if
the hive were % of an inch wider to accom-
modate this widening of the frames from an
accumulation of propolis. He further says
that by squeezing long enough and hard
enough the V edges can be made to cut into
the soft propolis, and the frames thus brought
into place, but that such an amount of pro-
polis makes it difficult to pull them apart.
The editor admits some would prefer frames
a little less " fixed " in cool weather. In his
despair the doctor had some frames made
the same width all around, that is, top bars,
end bars and bottom bars all l^i inches in
width. To find some spacing device there
was a struggle that ended in the use "tem-
porarily, " of finishing nails— those naughty
nails that dull the honey knife and catch on
to everything, especially the wires of a
comb basket.

I don't wish to discourage the doctor nor
my good friends at Medina in their efforts
at improving our implements, but it has
always been a wonder to me how bright,
practical men like these could be led to
adopt the Hoffman frame. I know that
there are other bright practical men who
use this frame, and it may be that I am too
dull to discover its merits, but to me it
seems like a cross between the loose hang-
ing frame and the closed end frame, but
lacking the highest merits of both.

The doctor asks for advice in regard to
self-spacers. The most satisfactory with
which I am acquainted are closed-end
frames ; closed the whole length, plain and
smooth with the edges pressed so firmly to-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

319

gether that uo cracks are left in which to
put propolis.

«^rf»,<mir«.HMK

THE EFFECT OF MOISTUBE UPON HONEY 8E0EE-
TION.

For several years Mr. Sam. Wilson of
Tenn. asserted that he could forecaste or
foretell the honey season of a given locality.
He did not explain how he did this, and, as
he did not always " strike it right," the
matter was looked upon as visionary. Later
he explained that he believed that the secre-
tion of nectar depended not only upon the
weather at the time of bloom but upon the
weather or moisture of months previous.
If there were abundant rains the previous
autumn, and snow in winter, then a honey
crop might be expected. He now says that
he believes that one class of plants may
need moisture at a different period from
those of another class. Mr. Heddon devotes
a column of his last Quarterly to this subject,
and inclines to the opinion that here may
be found a solution of the cause of the poor
seasons, rather than in the fact that bass-
woods aud other honey producing plants
have been cut away. We all know that bass-
wood and clover often bloom most pro-
fusely at a time when, so far as we can
discover, all the conditions necessary for a
honey flow are present, yet there is no honey.
Mr. Wilson may be correct as to the cause,
but, if he is, about all we can do about it is
to wait until a good season does come.
There may be some satisfaction in knowing
why the blossoms don't secrete honey, but
unless we can supply a remedy we are no
better off. There is one point, however, in
this theory, if it proves to be a true theory,
that may be of some benefit. If we can
know in advance that no honey will be se-
creted, it will help us to plan accordingly.
"Forewarned in forearmed." It would
also be an advantage to know in advance if
a good season is coming, but it must not be
forgotten that the weather at the time of
bloom may oppose or destroy the beneficial
effect of previous months. Simply a change
of the wind will sometimes arrest or start
the secretion of nectar. In basswood time
I have seen bees "snooping" around and
trying to rob, and an hour later the whole
apiary be in an perfect uproar caused by
bees begining again to come in loaded.

To return again to the main subject : if it
is true that previous drouths affect a honey
flow— and this does not appear unreasonable

— then the question arises what causes the
drouths that come now almost every year ?
If they are caused by the cutting away of
of forests, the draining of swamps, and the
like, what hope have we ? If they are
brought about by some other cause, a sort
of chance, so to speak, if a few more turns
of the wheel of time will again show us the
" bow of promise, " then may we hope and
smile.

BEE JOURNALS AND THE SUPPLY TBADE.

Hasty touches upon the fact that Bros.
Root and York are in "cahoots," that the
latter will conduct a supply business for the
former, and he wonders, and wonders-
well look at his "view " for this month and
see what he does say. One or two other
journals have commented upon this point
and intimated that the "Old Reliable"
will have attached to it a " supply house tag. "
When Bro. York was here in September he
told me that there would be no connection
whatever between the journal and the Root
supply business — he was simply paid to
attend to the business. When I have written
this to some correspondent (several have
written me about the matter) he has replied
" yes, he may be at work for the Roots, but
it's probably on commission. " Probably
no amount of explanation or assertion will
convince some people that the American
Bee Journal is not now in some way con-
nected with the supply business ; but, no
matter what the arrangement may be be-
tween Messrs. Root and York, I am well
satisfied that the journal of the latter will
not suffer by that arrangement. Bro. York
does not claim to be a practical bee-keeper
and has nothing to say one way or the other
about hives, implements and the like, leav-
ing that entirely to his correspondents, and
it is not at all likely that he will now begin
to boom Root's goods— I know he won't.

Now that I liave commenced on this sub-
ject I may as well say a little more. I be-
lieve that the American Bee Journal is the
only bee journal in this country the editor
of which is not interested to some extent,
at least, in the sale of supplies. Perhaps
the editor of the American Bee Jorunal can-
not say that he is ivholly disinterested — he
will wish to sell as many goods as possible
for his employer— but this is getting down
to splitting hairs. I know how diificult it is
for the editor of a bee journal to keep en-
tirely free from the supply trade. I tried to

320

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

do so when I started the Review, but I did'nt
try hard enough to keep entirely out. I
was already in the queen and bee trade, and
old customers kept sending orders or asking
if T could supply them. Then some adver-
tiser wanted to pay his bill with goods (in
some cases had nothing else with which to
pay), and when goods were obtained in this
way they had to be sold. Then, again, I
frequently had an opportunity to secure
some article and pay for it in advertising,
when I would not otherwise get the advertis-
ing. Thus, in one way and another, I have
been led to dabble a little in supplies. I
don't know as there is anything especially
praiseworthy in an editor keeping out of the
supply businese, the only advantage being
that it leaves him free from that " uncon-
scious bias " — he is almost sure to favor the
goods he has to sell. Just see how long Mr.
Root clung to and advised the Simplicity
hive with its beveled joints, metal- cornered
frames and double-tier wide frames for sur-
plus. Perhaps he honestly thought it the be? t
arrangement, but it is possible that his hav-
ing it for sale helped him in his belief. (I
beg Bro. Root's pardon for using this as an
illustration. ) In justice to Mr. Root it must be
said that he allowed other hives and systems
to be described in Gleanings, but that " ever-
lasting foot-note, " as some have called it,
always seemed to kill the force of such arti-
cles, especially to those who were followers
of Bro. Root.

But there are journals and journals, each
having its own set of supplies, and if a man
reads several of them the teachings of one
will balance, or correct those of another.

Then again, the selling of supplies allows
the dealer to publish a journal at a lower
price. I believe that most of our bee-keep-
ing editors, if not all of them, are pretty
fair in allowing competing goods to be de-
scribed in their journals. There are no bee
journals that can be called "house organs, "
published simply to boom the goods of the
publisher. The worst features is that
the editor is seldom able, evefn if he tries to
be perfectly fair, to entirely free himself
from the " unconscious bias. " I do not
suppose that I shall ever " deal in supplies, "
as that term is understood, but I must ad-
mit that my views regarding a publisher
also being a dealer have been somewhat
modified since I have been able to look at
the subject from a publisher's standpoint.
/ don't want the supply trade, I prefer pub-

lishing pure and simple, but there is no use
disputing the fact that there are advantages
(not quite all of them) in the combination.

KEPOET OF THE COMMITTEE ON AMALGAMA-
TION.

To one who has labored faithfully to bring
about the union of these two associations,
the progress that can now be reported is
certainly encouraging. At the last meeting
of the North American a committee was
appointed to see what could be done in the
matter. This committee was to report as
soon as possible and then the report was to
be printed in the journals for the purpose of
allowing criticism. The committee is now
able to make the following report.

We, the Committee apointed at the
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
held at Toronto, Ont., on September 6th
1895, on the proposed consolidation of the
North American Bee-Keeper's Association
and the National Bee-Keepers' Union, repoit
as follows:

The duties and powers of the Committee
are clearly defined in the Resolution which
authorized the appointment of the Com-
mittee, which after prolonged discussion,
was unanimously adopted. This resolution
was as follows :

Resolved, That a Committee of seven be ap-
pointed to take into consideration the proposed
amalgamation of the National Bee-Keepers'
Union and the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association, and to arrange terms therefor,
with full power to perfect the same so far as
this Association is concerned ; and to report
through the bee periodicals as soon as possible.
The present President of this Association to be
one of tlie members of that ('ommittee.

The Committee met and organized, and
have unanimously adopted the following
address ;

To Officers and Members of the National
Bee-Keepers^ Union, geeeting:

Being co-workers in one common cause —
the welfare of the bee-keeping fraternity,
and the advancment and defense of the
pursuit of apiculture in America — we are
authorized by the North American Bee-
Keepers' Association to offer you the " hand
of fellowship, " congratulating you on your
efficient organization and successful work
during the 10 years of your existence.

As there is no necessity for the existence
of two organizations to accomplish the work
which can easily be done by one, we propose
a consolidation of our two Societies, for the
purpose of creating a closer " bond of union ' '
between apiarists, and saving them the
extra expense of membership in two bodies
in order to gain the benefits and advantages
which one can bestow, when united for
that purpose.

Ever realizing that " in union there is
strength, " we offer you any portion of our
name you may desire to appropriate.

ruE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW >

321

We ofifer you our graud history and work
accomplished during the past quarter of a
Century.

We offer you our members, in every
State, Province and Territory of North
America, and, so far as we can, we promise
their co-operation in all measures looking
to the advancement of the interests of the
pursuit, and a continuance of the glorious
record you have made in the 10 years of
your successful existence.

All we ask in return is, that you add to
your already efficient Organization, similar
annual conventions to those we have here-
tofore been holding, at some convenient
time and place, and that you devise if pos-
sible some equitable system of delegation,
so as to make such thoroughly representa-
tive, competent to act for the entire mem-
bership.

We desire that this proposition be sub-
mitted to your members, together with such
Constitutional Provisions as may be
necessary to effect the consolidation and
provide for annual meetings, so that a
full and free vote upon the same may be
taken at your next annual election of
Officers, and hope that this proposition may
be accepted — that being the only necessary
step to unite us both into one strong and
well-equipped organization. If the con-
solidation is effected, it would be desirable
for it to go into effect as soon as possible.

Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, 111.
F. A. Gemmill, Stratford, Ont.
J. T. CAiiVERT, Medina, Ohio
M. B. Holmes. Athens, Ont,
A. B. Mason, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene, Seoor, Forest City, Iowa.
R. F. HoLTEBMANN, Brautford, Out.

Personally, I see no fault to find with the
report. I regard it an perfect. If any of
my readers think otherwise I wish they
would write their objections and let them be
printed — that is why the report is printed,
to be criticised.

When the report is placed before the mem-
bers of the Union they can act upon it, and
to facilitate their action a new constitution
has been prepared for them to vote upon.
If the new constitution is adopted, the two
societies became one. This constitution is
really of more importance than the report
of the committee and is now made public
that it may be criticised. It is in drawing
up this that especial care is required. I see
no fault to find with it, and if I saw any I
should certainly point it out. I feel hopeful
that good will come from the union of these
two organizations. Here is the new consti-
tution that it is proposed to adopt. What do
you think of it ?

ARTICLE I.— Name.

This organization shall be known as the
"North American Bee-Keepers' Union,"

and shall hold meetings annually at such
time and place as may be designated by the
Board of Directors, due notice being mailed
to all members at least (iO days previously,
and published in the bee periodicals of the
United States and Canada.

ARTICLE II.— Object.
Its object shall be to protect the interests
of its members, to defend their rights, and
to disseminate apicultural knowledge
among the people.

ARTICLE III.— Officers.
Sec. 1 — The Officers of this Union shall
consist of a President, Vice-President, Sec-
retary, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer,
whose duties shall be those usually perform-
ed by such Officers.

Sec. 2. — The Secretary shall be General
Manager, and shall have charge of the ex-
ecutive work of the Union, under the advice
of the Board of Directors.

Sec. 3. — The officers shall be elected by
ballot, and hold their sei'eral offices for one
year, or until their successors are elected
and qualified.

Sec. 4. — Nominations for Officers shall be
sent to the General Manager before the
first day of November in each ye r, who
shall cause the same to be printed in tlie bee
periodicals — and shall be printed and mail-
ed by Dec. 1, with the necessary Ballots, to
every member who paid dues for the pre-
vious year.

Sec. ■'). — The Treasurer shall furnish a
bond of !f;2,000 ( to be approved and held by
the President ), for the faithful accounting
of the funds of the Union, and shall pay out
the funds only on vouchers signed by the
President and Secretary.

Sec.G. — The terms of office shall be for
the calendar year, and the polls shall close
on the last day of December.

Sec. 7. — Each annual meeting shall, by
majority vote, elect a Chairman and a Re-
corder from those present, to preside over
the meeting, and prepare a suitable Report
of the Proceedings for publication in the,
bee periodicals as soon as possible after the
close of the meeting. Any member (wheth-
er an officer of the Union or not ), shall be
eligible to these positions.

ARTICLE IV.— Board of Directors.

The Officers shall constitute a Board of
Directors, which shall determine what
course shall be taken by this Union, upon
any matter presented to it for action ; and
cause such extra Assessments to be made
upon the members as may become i eces-
sary ; provided that only one Assessment
shall be made in any one fiscal year, with-
out a majority vote of all the membfrs
(upon blanks furnished for that purpose),
together with a statement showing good
reasons for another Assessment.

ARTICLE v.— Memisers.

Any person may become a member by
paying to the General Manager an Entrance

322

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

Fee of $1.00, for which he shall receive a
printed receipt, making him a member of
the Union, entitled to all its rights and ben-
efits until the 31st day of December, follow-
ing. The Annual Fee of $1.00 shall be due
on the first day of January in each year, and
MUST be paid within six months in order to
retain membership in this Union.
ARTICLE VI.— Funds.

Sec. 1.— The Funds of this Union shall be
used for any purpose in the interests of the
pursuit of bee-culture, when such are ap-
proved by the Board of Directors ; and to
pay the legitimate expenses of the Union.

Sec. 2. — The Salary of the General Man-
ager shall be determined by the Board of
Directors, but shall not be more than twenty
(20) per cent, of the gross income for each
fiscal year.

ABTICLE VII.— Amendments.

This Constitution may be amended by a
majority vote of all the members ; provided
that all proposed amendments shall be
presented in writing, signed by three mem-
bers, and sent to the General Manager be-
fore the first day of November, so that they
may be incorporated into his annual Report.

EXXRMOXED.

A Symposinm on Winterine.

Symposiums are to be a feature of some
of the future numbers of Gleanings. They
were a special feature of the earlier volumes
of the Review. They were continued
monthly until some fifty topics had been
discussed, when it seemed as though there
were not a sufficient number of important
topics to take up one each month, and they
were introduced only occasionally — when-
ever circumstances brought some new topic
uppermost, or a new invenlion threw new
light on an old one, as the bee-escape did
upon the house-apiary. The last one ap-
pearing in the Review was in regard to the
" Amalgamation of the North American and
the Bee-Keepers' Union, " which now seems
in a fair way to bear fruit.

Gleanings for Nov. ir» has .one of these
symposiums on wintering whicli is contribu-
ted to by J. E. Crane, F. Greiner,.J. A. Green,
C. A. Hatch, P. H. Elwood, H. R. Board-
man, B. Taylor and S. T. Fettit — most ex-
cellent men. There is nothing ijarticulnily
new brought out, but excellent work done
in confirming what was already believed to
be true. It seems almost foolhardy to try to
give a summing up of these articles, so says
the editor of Gleanings, and I agree with

him, but he did attempt it, and here is a
part of the "attempt. "

"It is very encouraging to note, as one
reads over this series of very interesting
articles, that the 'wintering problem ' is not
such a serious one as it formerly was ; indeed,
it may almost be said to be solved if we may
judge from the unbroken records of success
of not alone the few who have given us their
views, but of the hundreds of bee-keeqers
all over our north lands where winter's
rigors hold full sway.

Not all of the writers above follow exactly
the same methods ; but it is significant that
they agree on all important essentials.

These, primarily, seem to be — good bees
of right age ; good food, and suitable pro-
tection. As to food, granulated sugar syrup
fed early enough to be well ripened seems to
hold the first place ; after that, good light
honey. For protection all are agreed that
outdoor colonies should be packed in double-
walled hives, and that those indoors should
be in a frost-proof room, generally under
ground, darkened, and capable of good ven-
tilation. It seems to be easier to control
temperature in the cellars than in the up-
ground structures.

As to ventilators for repositories : The
sub-earth do not receive much indorsement.
Mr. Pettit holds that the fresh air admitted
through underground tubes acquires an un-
due amount of dampness, and is, therefore,
detrimental. The ventilation that is pre-
ferred seems to be from doors and windows
that may be opened at intervals at night.

It is significant, too, that the ventilation
of the hive should be from the bottom, either
by leaving the bottom board off entirely and
piling the hives over the spaces of those be-
low, or of raising the hive up on a rim to
give air-spaces under the frames. So far,
then, indoor colonies should have tight cov-
ers.

When it comes to the outdoor bees, there
is a divided opinion as to the desirability of
a sealed cover.

All put their colonies into the cellar about
the middle of this month, or about the time
this journal reaches its readers.

As to ontdoor packing, planer-shavings
seem to receive a prominent recognition ;
and perhaps I might say in this connection
that we uow prefer them to chafi. They keep
drier, and are more easily obtained. "

Feeding^ Back for the Production of Comb
Honey.
" Feeding back " was for years a hobby
of mine, hence it was with more than usual
interest that I read the following from the
pen of ray friend E. T. Flanagan and pub-
lished by tbe Progressive.
"" I had a 'hankering' for a number of
years past to have a hand in feeding back to
fill out unfinished sections, but something
always prevented. Sometimes the sections
to till were not on hand at the right time ;
then, again, the extracted honey to fill them

HHJ BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW,

323

was lacking : aud whcu both were 'come-
at-able, ' lack of time, and other duties pre-
vented. At last, however, this season, the
fates were propitious, aud the experiment
was begun aud ended; and as it may interest
some that have the same idea in view, I will
give a brief account of how I succeeded.

Ten good strong colonies were selected,
bread-pan feeders procured and placed in
position, sections in supers i)ut on, aud the
work began. But there was too great a loss
of bees by drowning in the honey : so the
pans were dispensed with, aud the old Mil-
ler feeders and some of the old-style Heddon
feeders placed on the hives. These were
some better, but the loss of bees wasstiU too
great.

Then the latest improved Heddon feeders
were substituted, and they proved a perfect
treasure, as they could be filled without
disturbing the bees the least, and not a bee
was drowned or daubed with honey. There
was one slight draw-back, however, and
that was when it rained, the slide would
swell, aud it was almost impossible to draw
the slide back far enough to fill the feeders.
This was overcome, however, by dispensing
with the slide entirely and substituting the
the ordinary cover of the hive, in place of
the slide. Then ' all went merry as a mar
riage bell. '

The next trouble after the feeders were
satisfactorily working was, the bees began
to swarm. Several were put back but re-
fused to stay. Then the Alley drone traps
were put on, and the result was that in two
hours or less, two of the strongest colonies
were smothered, and off went the traps.
Then part of the queens were removed, but
in all such hives the bees sulked for days,
and did but little. Six of the ten we orig-
inally started with kept rigtit on and stored
and capped the honey all right, but were
exceptionally slow in capping the honey
completely, compared with that of natural
production — so much so that many of the
sections were travel-stained before comple-
tion. I kept a strict account of all fed
them and of all that was completed by them,
which I give below, and anyone that chooses
can figure out whether I made anything by
it or not. If one has time on his hands and
plenty of drawn sections ( or sections with
drawn combs or partly-filled combs,) and
plenty of cheap extracted honey, it may pay ;
otherwise, decidedly not.

Number of pounds of honey fed 1250.

Number of pounds capped lioney 6S0.

Of course the colonies used, have their hives
chock full of honey for winter, much more
than they will really need ; and as there were
originally ten of them, aud all have at least
thirty pounds each of honey, that should be
taken into account when the balance sheet
is made.

The honey was thinned by mixing a small
quantity of hot water with it at the time of
feeding.

The weather was all that could be desired
— dry and hot.

It took much longer for the bees to com
plete the job than 1 expected — something
over six weeks — and yet the feeders were
kei)t constantly full.

Tiiey took the feed greedily at first, until
the brood chamber was full aud the sections
nearly so. Then they laid off and completed
and capped the sections at their leisure.

From one to four supers were on at times,
but the best results were obtained when two
were used.

Brood rearing ceased when feeding began,
as all empty cells were filled at once, but
was gradually resumed until it became nor-
mal.

Three colouies of blacks, three of Italians,
aud four of hybrids were selected to ex-
p9riment with, but as two of the hybrids in-
sisted on swarming, and as one black and
one Italian were smothered, those left were
of the three strains, and were carefully
watched as to how they ditt'ered in their
work. The blacks and hybrids made the
whitest and most salable honey, and the
blacks capped theirs the soonest — much the
soonest — and, to my mind, for that work
are far ahead of both the Italians and the
hybrids.

Towards the last a few supers of sections
filled with starters full-sized and only one
inch, were used. They were a little longer
in being filled and finished but were the
nicest and most salable when completed.

One-half inch starters were used at the
bottom of nearly all the sections, and every
section was filled full, while those without
the starter at the bottom had a bee space be-
tween the honey and the bottom of the
section, aud were not so well finished.

There are other points in connection with
this experiment that I have failed to give on
account of lack of time, but I have come to
the conclusion that as a general thing it
won't pay to feed back. Keep your sections
that are partly filled for bait combs after
extracting the honey from them. They are
extremely valuable for that purpose, but
they musthe kept clean and free from mice
and dust and dirt, and don't you forget it. "

Belleville, Ills.

Commenting upon the above the editor of
the Progressive says :

" On page 24.3 will be found an article
from E. T. Flanagan on feeding back ex-
tracted honey for the production of comb
honey. In feeding back l'_'r>0 pounds, the
loss appeai-ed to be about oOO pounds. Mr.
Flanagan pertinently asks the question,
'Does it pay?' We think in some cases
it does pay to turn a cheap article of ex-
tracted honey into a fancy article of comb
honey on this basis. We think Mr. F. would
have had better success had he not added
water to his honey, as the weather was hot
at the time, and honey, no matter how ri-
pened, would have been thin enough for the
bees to handle, and the long delay in cap-
ping and the travel-stains would have been
obviated to a considerable extent. Mr. C.
F. Lane, of Paragould, Ark., has written us
that he has 4000 pounds of extracted honey

324

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVijijW,

that he will feed back to his bees to put in
sections. The number of colonies that he
will employ for this, will, he thinks, take
about six weeks to complete the job. Mr.
Lane has had considerable experience along
this line, and as he is a close observer, and
keeps account of the smallest details, we
will try to get him to report results for the
November number of the Progressive. "

When Bro. Leahy says there was a loss of
only 800 pouuds, he is, evidently, taking into
account the honey that was stored in the
brood nests. This is, of course, correct.
• I do not gather from the foregoing which
it was friend Flanagan used, partly finished
sections or those filled with foundation. As
near as I can make out, he used some of
both. But very little profit can be made in
"feeding back" unless there are partly
finished sections as a foundation. Sections
filled with undrawn foundation won't answer.
I can't explain why ; I simply know that too
large a proportion of extracted honey is re-
quired as compared with the amount need-
when partly finished sections are u^sed.
With plenty of these on hand, and the right
kind of bees, feeders and weather, there is
no question but what "feeding back"
may be followed with pleasure and profit.

First comes the selection of colonies.
Blacks are first choice, with hybrids a close
second ; next come dark Italians. No great
success can be made with light colored bees.
The brood nest must be contracted to not
more than five L. Frames, and better results
are secured if only three frames are left in
the brood nest, but the strength of the colony
is likely to suffer if contraction is carried
to this extent and very long continued. As
the work progresses, the work of each colony
must be watched and the poor ones weeded
out. It may not be best to keep the feeders
always supplied with food. Sometimes it
may be advisable to leave a colony unfed
two or three days, especially if it has a
case of honey ready to cap. A colony that
soon becomes " cloyed " — simply lives out of
the feeder and does little work — may as well
be abandoned. Swarming is something I
have never had to contend with, neither
have I been troubled by the bees clogging
the brood nest with honey. I think the
reason in both instances is that I have
always selected colonies having queens of
the current year. I regard this point as
essential.

It is important in securing a good yield
of comb honey that the bees be not crowd-
ed in the sections ; that they have plenty of

room to the very last. More honey will be
secured, but the sections will not be crowd-
ed so full and the number of unfinished
sections will be greatly increased. I think,
however, that this course results in jast as
much finished honey, and perhaps more,
than is secured by the crowding plan, while
we have a large lot of unfinished sections
into the bargain. There are two courses
open for their disposal—" feeding back, " or
extracting the honey, letting the bees clean
them up and use them the next year at the
beginning of the honey flow. For the ordin-
ary bee-keeper the latter course is prefer-
able. The expert will find it profitable to
secure the completion of all that are as
much as one-half finished. Those less than
one half finished may be extracted and kept
over. Of course there are many other
points in " feeding back " that I cannot give
here, but I have gone into detail in the sub-
ject in the book Advanced Bee Cultuke.

Feeding bees is one of the most neglected
branches of our pursuit, but, as the poor
years came and go with ever increasing
regularity it will probably be given more
attention.

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

In cahoots with the Roots — our friend
York. As we are inquisitive if not imper-
tinent folks we sneakingly wonder if Glean-
ings and the Old Reliable are henceforth
a voke of apicultural oxen, working on all-
pull-together principles. A journalistic
trust would doubtless be a temporary saving
of expenses ; but those of us who want to see
editorial competition, and the journals all
wide awake as a result of it, could hardly
think of anything more atrociously undesir-
able.

Did you notice query !l!)2, on selling other
people's honey, in the American Bee Jour-
nal y I did. It seems to preach a sermon
with several different heads to it. The 2i?t
of tlie query is " put my name on it, and
make my customers believe it is from my
apiary, " when it isn't. And seven of the
respondents say yes. The first head of the
sermon is, how many generally sensible
men will fail to understand a plain question!
A little close inspection will convince a body
that not nearly all of these seven persons

''HE BEE-REEPERS' REVIEW.

325

ku.iw what they are saying. For instance J.
M. llambatigh says, "Yes : If your neigh-
101 does not object. " As all men object to
fiil-e pretences, when the other fellow
inalves them,'he gives himself away— happi-
ly irives himself away— to the ett'ect that he
ir; not a rascal, but only a little heedless.
In fortunately we cannot get all of the seven
jtl iu that way. It gives me sincere pain to
juote ; and I am going to leave the names
oflF as I do so.

'• It is all right if you kuow tho honey is good
There is no deception about it, at least none that
aeed worry your conscience. "

Another says ;

" Nothing is wrong that harms no person. If
the honey is as good as your own no one would
be harmed, and it would not be wrong. "

Ah, but some one would be harmed ! We
should all be harmed— harmed more than
the total destruction of all the bees and
honey on this planet would harm us— if we
could no more believe the spoken and print-
ed words of our fellow men. There is no
other way to escape this sweeping, stifling,
demoralizing loss than to speak the truth
ourselves, and demand it of others ; and de-
mand it of them under pain of being classed
as criminals.

A third head of the sermon might be
based on the answer of R. L. Taylor ;

" It would be right to put your name on the
honey as a guaranty of its quality and parity,
but not in order to make your customers believe
Something tliat is not true. "

There are various ways that a name can be
put on. We may put it ; " Honey from the
apiary of— John JoNKS, " or. "Pure Honey

-John Jones i " or, " I guarantee the purity
of this and all honey which I handle— John
Jones." I presume we all would call the
third form O. K. if sufficient care in pur-
chasing were exercised; but a great many
buyers do not exercise that sufficient care.
3/os^ of Hs would surely call the first form
knavish, if Mr. Jones purchased the houey
of somebody else. Chance for preaching on
the second I reckon. It is a very common
form; also quite elastic, and capable of
several meanings ; also several of the respon-
ses seem to contemplate that style of label.
I can see in my mind's eye, a bee-keeping
son of Adam selling purchased honey with
that inscription. He inwardly hopes no
questions will be asked— dislikes to have it
known that he sells any other than the honey
from his own bees. After awhile somebody
does ask, and he evades : talks about some-

thing else and gets off. Now after three or
four such evasions, if he is like some sons
of Adam, he will fib a little when he is pen-
ned up tight. To be safe against a prevail-
ing sin it is often necessary to beware of
standing on the brink of it. Let this parson
advise to use only forms that tell their own
story— and that story a true one.

While I have my reproving clothes on I
guess I'll sail into my brother reviewer on
page 28() of the Review where we read ;

" One of his colonies gnawed away and in r-
porated the fibres of an old red woolen sliawcn -
to its brood combs, especially brood cappings,
which had been given it for a quilt. "

As our common schools teach grammar
and leave the youth to pick up rhetoric for
themselves, the idea obtains that rhetoric is
of less importance than grammar. Hardly a
correct idea. As it is better to be guilty of
a " bad spell " once in awhile than to mur-
der one's grammar, so it is better to sin
against grammar once in a while than to
tangle one's English all up into a snarl like
the above. There now, perhaps that's too
severe a dig at a yoke-fellow. Lots of good
company, dear pal. Quite recently, while
reading for some students in history, I
found a fair match for your sentence in a
standard encyclopedia. And of course the
writer of the above can write lucid English
when he will stop and take the requisite
pains.

This view is to be all Round Up ; so there
is no use to be looking for sub-heads.

Another man reports ten-frame hives as
doing all the swarming this year, on account
of the eight-frame hives nearly starving.
The smaller size led in number of swarms
previously. Gleanings, 694.

Rambler came across some grape juice
honey on its native heath among the vine-
yards of California. Thinks it would not be
called good table honey— grape juice still
with the distinctive raisin taste. Gleanings
097.

Even basswood is not a sure thing. W. S.
Fultz of Muscatine Iowa, reports that it
gives only about one yield in five years
there. >lo bloom this year : bloom last year
but no honey in it. Gleanings 700. Here in
Lucas Co. Ohio bloom sometimes yields al-
most nothing.

Prof. Koons of the Connecticut agricul-
tural college gives us a notable article on
the weights of bees and their loads, in
Gleanings (599. Having scales of amazing
delicacy that will indicate minute fractions

326

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

of a grain he just stupefies a bee and weighs
him as you would a hog. Weights are best
reported by telling how many it would re-
quire to make a pound. The heaviest drone
he caught was 1,808 to the pound, the light-
est 2,122, both more than twice as heavy as
workers. (By the way are we not still de-
stitute of weights on queens?) As to work-
ers his lightest in recent observations are
5,495 to the pound. Should fear that these
were dwarfs and unhealthy ones such as
the colony, when they feel like it, drive out
or kill. The heaviest workers were 3,680 to
the pound. The Professor must pardon a
shade of doubt as to whether they were not
carrying ijome honey. Under some circum-
stances bees will come out of the hive with
loads — notably when they have just been fed
inside — and it is possible that smoking the
entrance to make them forbear attacking
the experimenter might result the same
way. The excitement might lead to their
taking up more or less of a load ; and when
they had regained composure, excepting a
trifle of curiosity, they might go out still
carrying what they had taken. It is new
and interesting if normal bees vary as much
as this in their weights; and such things,
like patent medicine, should be well shaken
before being taken. Prof. Koon's average
is 4.800 to the pound, two or three hundred
lower than the current estimation. Strikes
me we ought not to put the standard lower
than 4,(!00 or 4,700 until considerable cor-
roboration arrives. Only one small apiary
was drawn on, and some of the hybrid col-
onies may be abnormally little fellows.

Had the same method been followed in
weighing loads of nectar the result would
have been more reliable, it seems to me : as
occasional bees coming in light could have
been detected by their individual weights
and thrown out. As it was, several dozen
incoming bees were captured and weighed
in a mass, the gross weight being divided by
the number of bees. Then several dozen
out going bees were treated in the same
manner. The difference between the two
results was called the average bee load for
that day and hive. I should call this a tol
erable accurate method for a time when the
honey flow was strong, but nearly worthless
at other times. Bees are coming in with
water, coming in from exercise, carrying
nothing, coming in from prospecting tours
in which little or nothing was found, com-
ing in with trifling weights of propolis ; and

ley^

to average such a lot with the few carry:
normal loads of honey and call the result
average bee load is not the thing — no beti
than guessing, if indeed it is as good, i^
his best result, a pound of honey to 10,1."
loads, is well worthy of a place in our mem
ories and record books ; but the other ex
treme, a pound of honey to 45,(i42 loads, i
mere smoke in one's eyes. It would beii
teresting to know what the average load i
when honey has to be struggled for long au
patiently, but some other way than thi
must be taken to get at it, methinks. Au
this defect in the method makes me stroc.
ly object to his proposed average of 20,0U. j,
bee loads to the pound.

Gleanings has a new and interesting cor
respondent in Belgium, Prof. Verlinden (itt
He churns his extracted honey when it be
gins to solidify ! The effect is to haster
the process, and to make the granules finer
and I suppose the finished product is dryei
and better looking. Gleanings 73t). As !
have but one customer who wants his honej
solid guess I won't humor him by churning |j,i

Dr. Miller finds that queens barred of
with zinc either above or below are verj
slow to get to laying again. Gleanings 739
How can you blame them ? The worken
can go where they like, and they stick to th<
old brood nest. Queen thinks she is shu
out of paradise, and feels dismal. But i
happens oftentimes that above the zinc
when no queen is up there, the workers pre-
pare and reserve a brood nest, ignorant o)
the fact that the queen cannot come. Jusi
you put her up there under such circiimstan-
ces and see if she don't go right to work.

Doolittle on page 740 of Gleanings gets
at a very important topic, how to keep from
having half your sections unfinished at the
end of the season. He conquers it ( after a
fashion ) but the amount of work required,
and the constancy of the attention called
for, seem to leave something more to be de
sired. If one wished to have as much of
his honey unfinished as possible, he could
hardly invent a system of procedure lend-
ing itself more easily to that result than
the one now in most common use — the one-
tier case adapted to tiering up. For years I
have had very little unfinished honey. As I
have done no work at all for that especial j,
purpose it looks as if my system — the dou- j,
ble tier wide frame, with the center of one-
frame baited clear to the top — was largely
the cause of this excellent showing. A long

sai

id

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

327

)ney season is part of it Another item is
Hving all honey on till it has to be taken
I— and that you think you couldn't abide,
oseof you that sell in the big cities.
In Progressive 22!1 a good old way of
isiug queens is bespoken— strong colony
queenlees and broodless awhile— chosen
(gs given them— finished cells transplant-
l to eight different frames— v;ait a bit—
,en divide the establishment into eight
lolei, giving frames of hatching brood
cured elsewhere to each.
Dayton in the American Bee .Journal 558
•ts in a shot for the ten-frame hive which
worth repeating.

'' Tlie 10-frame hive exceeds the S-lrame not
two sesiiients at the sphere's edge, like slabs
lich are sa s^ei from a loj;, bat it c;)rre3p:)Q<is
two perfect and complete planks from the
>art of the log. This would enhance the
reDRfhof the colony one-lmlf instead of oue-
urth, as may be supposed."
The latest percolator feeder for cold water
id sugar, as used at the head-quarters of
at sort of thing, the Gleanings' apiary,
IS an improvement. Instead of a plate to
ipport the inverted crock, with the bees
iming above to partake, a board is now
?ed with a three- inch hole in it, and bees
*ming directly up to the tlannel from
alow. Gleanings 745.
W. P. Faylor reared 29 " golden " queens,
ad sold nearly all of them; and so far as
3 knows not one of them originated a col-
ay that could go through the winter with-
3t the addition of other stock. A. B J. rA&.
The environs of Philadelpliia, within a
idius of 12 miles, produced 22,500 pounds
f honey, .\bout l,.5O0 colonies are kept. A.
. J. 534.

Pass it along 1 The motto sub-editor
bbott quotes from Mr. Pringle in A. B. J.
55. Never put any honey on (lie. market
hich is unripe, untidy or unclean.
Doolittle thinks % of the bees in the
Inited States died during the awful winter
:'K2-3. A. B..T. .-)<;(;.

Gallup had an experience with an apiary
1 a windy locality in which the lee side of
he yard got so many of the young bees that
ightfully belonged elsewhere that the
Isible strength of the colonies, and the
idney surplus, showed it very plainly. A.

$. J. me.

Dr. Miller objects to comparing hives by
he absolute cubic inches of solid contents.
Shape of hive and thickness of frame stuff
onnts too much. Square inches, or double
iqaare inches of actual comb surface should

be the basis. A. B. .T. 5(i7. May Ije he is
right.

.Tohn Clark, of Liberty Indiana, reports
that okl dirty comb, such as most of us who
have" been there" would burn up rather
than waste time on, can be thoroughly and
(juickly rendered into wax by steam at an
escape pipe. Big basket, in a big can, over
two inches of water, and blow the steam di-
rectly on the material. A. B. J. .5i;8. Rather
looks as though he had made a valuable
discovery. But isn't it better yet to so en-
tirely avoid the existenca of such intractable
material that there will never be enough to
pay for a trip to a steam boiler?

" Old bae-liunters who have taken trees with
larffB <iuaatitios of lioney in them, know very
well tliat none of it is any too ripe, Canadian
Bee Master, in A. B. .J. 5(50.

According to A. B. .T. 57:!. France in lUlKi
produced (;,4;'.2,(i07 pounds of honey, and
4,427,157 pounds of beeswax. Don't be-
lieve it. Something the matter with
those figures. My bees will not make 4
pounds of wax to each (! pounds of honey;
and I decline to believe it of the French bees.

0 yes ! honey matters are a little down at
the mouth ; but just rub a little on your
wife's c/ieefes, according to A. B. J, ,588 and
see how sweet and beautiful she looks next
day. Never mind that suggestion that crops
may get iHsi(,/f/cteu( to rub our faces with.

If we try to prevent after-swarms it is
worth something to have a means of know-
ing when the bees themselves have given up
theideT.of it. When they hefjin to carry
out immature drone brood, is a suggestion
credited to C. W. Stephens in Nebraska
Queen. Guess that would help us some-
times. Possibly they might sometimes
give up the intent to swarm without med-
dling with the young drones ; but after
they had begun to pull them out ( or drive
out the newly emerged ones, for that
matter ) I think we could safely trust them.

One place at least remains where we can
still see the bee-keeping world, not exactly
" before Meues reigned, " but before Lnng-
stroth reigned. It is Florence, Oregon.
There are 800 hives on a range 5 miles by 20
there, and fine crops, but no honey to speak
of shipped. Honey is harvested by fire and
brimstone, chopped and smashed up in a
barrel, the best that d'ains off eaten by the
family : balance fed to the hogs. See A. B.
J. 592,

Richards, Ohio ; Nov. 4 th 1895.

328

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ADVERTISEMENTS

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

B

Names of Bee - Keepers. I

TYPE WRITTEN.

Muth's :::

>NEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
»ld-Blast Smokers
Square Giziss Honey Jarj, Etc.

For (circulars, apply to Chas. F. Mdth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

l-04-tf. Pleas" ¥ nt:on the Revieiu.

KANSAS

Bee - Keepprs, save
freielit by bnying
supplies of Henry L. Miller, (successor to Miller
& Dunham I Topeka, Kan.

Write for catalopae, also free ci.py of his pa-
per the RURAL. KANSAN- about Bees,
Horticulture, Poultiy, Live Stock, Ths Aome,
etc.

BCBEIiEHEiBBBBEBEiBEEEEBBBEBiE

The names of my customers, and of those ask
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them

»2.00. VV. Z. HUTC;HINS0N. Flint, Mich.

1895

To my customers and friends :
Please remember that \V H.
Laws is a^ain headquarters for
Italian queens. I l)reed notliing
but large, well-developed queens, either (xolden
or Lsather-colored. My (xolden strain is from
Doolittle's original ONE HUNDRED dollah queen
sent me after he had reared over 1,000 queens
from her. For businei-s and beauty, my bees are
unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for
»4..50. Tested, $1.2o. Breeders, $-1 to $4. Ad-
dress
4 95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark.

Please niei. zn the Heuieiu,

Diroct-Draft Perfect PRICES Bin^^^therington Uncapping Knife,
BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

Patented May 20, 1870.

BINGHAM

Perfect h-hki and Honc| Knives.

PATENTED 3^78, 1S82 and 1S92.

D'ctor..

-3V2 inch Stove, per doz fl2,00--Mai],

11.00- ••

1.50

6 00 - "

• 1 00

4 7.^- "

.70

3 on- "

..50

7.00- "

.80

and Little
new impr(
LUTELY
patent <
2 9.'itf

-< 'onqucror 3

Large aX

Plain 2

Little Wonder 1%

Honey Knife

BEST ON EARTH.

The throe larger sizes have extra wide shields and double
C(dlo(l steel wire hanrllos. Tliese SHIELDS and H.VXDLESare
an AM.\ZIN(i COMFOKT-always cool and clean. The Plain
Wonder have narrow sliiolds anil wire handles. All Bingham Smokers for ISiiri liave all the
)vemonts, viz : Direct Draft, Bent Cap, Wire Handles, Inverted Bellows, and are ABSO-
PERFECT. All genuine Bingham Knives and Bee Smokers are stamped with date of
irculars sent free.

T. F. BINGHAM, Fai well, Michigan.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

329

SECTIONS, 0EE ilVES AND SHIPPING f ASES.

We make a S|iiH'ialt.\ of thi'so (iooils aiul defy Conipetition in

QXJ-A.3LiITir, WOK/KinvtA-lSrSHIP and FPilOES.

CS^ Write for free illustratod ('atalogue and Price List. T-GH-tf

G. B. LiEWlS CO., Watertouun, Wisconsin.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cat represents onr
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' nse in the
construction of their hives,
Ix sections, boxes, etc.

3-94.16t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,

Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

Plectse mention the Rcuiew.

W. H. BRIGHT'S

CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing
needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec-
tions, sprayinir pumps and Brighfs comb foun-
dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one
fioe.

WM. H. BRIGHT,
l-f3-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the R^uiew-

W. O. VICTOR, of Wharton, Texas, took

45,000 Pouods

Of honey in 1894, as the result of eleven years'
experience. He offers for sale good, old-style
honey .i-9.5-tf

Queens zvnd Bees

At the following prices :

1 Untested Queen, 75

13 '■ Queens, 7 ..50

1 Tested Queen, 1.50

12 " Queens, ]5 00

1 Single-frame Nucleus. IJ^ to 2 lbs bees

and Untested Queen, 1.50

12 Single-frame Nuclei, with bees & Qneens, 15.00
1 Two-frame Nucleus, 2]/& to 3 lbs. bees

and Untested Queen," 2 00

12 Two-frame Nuclei, with' bees & queens, 20.00
Prices on larger quantities given upon applica-
tion. One untested queen, if a first order, for 50 c

JUST RECEIVED,

A car load of Root's goods. Prices to suit the
times Reasonable satisfaction guaranteed.

— If you are going to —

BUY A BUZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

Largest Factory in the West. o...^Z:^:z:':Z...,...n.

We are here to serve you and will if you give na a chance. Cataloijue Free. Adderss,

LEaHY A\AWUPACTURIWG CO., Hi<'o:iosviII«, /v\o.

330

THE BEE-KEEPERS

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, IIIS. ^

'^1 J^^-^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Reuiem. ^^^^^^ [^^

i

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies ; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shippins point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 95.12t Indianapolis, Ind.

WHAT'S ~~ ^;

THE USE OF
KEEPING BEES

Ifyoudonot sell the honey r' That's what we
are here for. Get our high prices before selling.
C. R. HORRIE & CO., coaimission mer-
chants, 224 So. Water St., Chicago. Ills.

CAMERA "S..

By the way of a "dicker" I have come into
possession of a most excellent 5x8 camera and
the accompanying onlfit, that 1 would like to
sell. The lollowiiiR is alistof the article* and
what they cost wlien new.

("amera and Lens **ol^J{

Tripod '^•*^'"

Plate holders I throe at $1.50 each) 4.50

Pneumatic Shatter 4.50

Focusing ("ioth ^o

LevelopingTray '^

Fixing bath ^^

Graii uate ■}^

Liside Kit for making 4x5'8 -^o

Tlie following books : _.

Pictorial Effect in Photography 1 -w

Photograpic Instrnctor 1.50

Pictuie Making Ijy Pliotography t.OO

Total $12.95

Everything is in strictly first class condition,
just exactly as good as now, but 1 got tlie out-
fit at a bargain, and am willing to roU it at the
same, if I can get it in t.^ cash. 820-00 will
buy the entire outfit. I have used the insiru-
ment enough to know that it will do excellent
work— in fact, 1 will scuul a 8ami)leof the work
to anyone who really wi.'*lieB to buy

W. Z. HirrCHlNSON, Flint, Mioh.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

5 Ceots Per Pouod M

On Hunt's Foundation for the balance of the
season.

Root, s Shipping Oases for comb honey at his
prices. All other goods at reduced prices.
8-95-tf M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich .

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by ('. W.
Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Tlii!'3 Flat Bottom Foiuidatiou

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DEUSKN & SONS,
(SOLE MANUFACTUKERS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y

THE STK ATTOM

American

GUITARS »' MANDOLINES

ane HaNDlEO BY ALL TKt lEAOINC MUSiC STORES

Oott asn Birclseyo Maplo. Mahogany and Robowooa.

JOHN F STRATTON & SOV,

M aslcal Merclianclise.

aSa 48 WttlKO. St.. HEW VOOl*.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' Rfi:VIEW.

831

)" ~^ '^ ' ' ■ ^. ^ «, l,;o - kpop-^r. will find it to their interest to bay i

■ CANADIAN t.u.i.- sup'piic. of a.e Gooid. ,s^-pi«^ *,/^"^;,j^,^;' I

/ ^^^^' , .. . ,, , rir,..ilar free This firm also publishes a bnght, g
of Brantford, Ont.. ('auada C ncUa, tree^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ g^^_ |

/ progressive, illustrated monthly ^^^ liaest strain of bees in the country '--

/ plesfreo^ '':^!""; ^"TJT $'00 each for untested, and $2.00 each for tested. In

can be furnished in May at »i.uu eac.ii lui , ^_, . , -^ _ a tk I

/ Jane, untested, 75 c(s , tested. $1.50 ^^^^ C^ JOURNAL

; and the qaeens go to the United States free from dutj. l^ WWf

3 - Frame Nucleus and Italian
Queen ^ S2.5D.

Untested queens, 75 eta ; Six for $;^."iO.

Discount on quantities.

Full^Line^of^Supplies .

Circular free. I. J. STHINOHAM,

o.95.tf 105 Park Place, Now York C ity.

WRITE U5

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Ihe Southland Queen.

Bpfore ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

i 11^^1F=1 I

Also D T HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

Wo 'h'a'^e fv^Sng in tiptop order, and can
fill orders on short notice. Let us hear
from you for prices.

J. pORr*Ct?OOI^ & CO.,
Jan. let, 1894. Watertown, Wis.

Pleaf" mention *he Reuieui.

— If you wish the best, low-dprice —

TYRE - WRITER,

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

Send $1.00 for the Southland Queen. E ited
by the Atchley family. Plain, practiea , and
all fresh bee matter. Jennie Atchley is
now conducting a bee-keeping school that
began in the June number. \ou can get back

'^Ts'tlara bee-hive factory ; Root's goods :
Dadant's foundation.

THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO.,

l-95-tf

Beeville, Bee Co. Texas.

umstraiei Advertisements Attract Attention.

RI-P-A-N-S

The modern stand-
ard Family Medi-
cine : Cures the
common every-day
ills of humanity.

cuts Fnrnlsheil tor all Illustrating Pnrposes,

3aO THE BEE-KEEPERS' UEVIEW.

i:r-;i»;.»//,;ji:r';«V.*/;;;«:rV«/-^ ;•:'*•■•.■••■■ ■•:*••.'■•-■ >:*■••;.•■'-• •■>:..-,•

|?l7ase Bro5. pia^o <?o.,|

/T\ai)ufa(;turers of

^}1/1SE BI^05. a^d |1/^WEY

pi/^ffOS!

Bijy Direct ai^d 5aue Dealers' profits apd

/^^e^ts' QDm/T)issioQS. ^

'■'■'*■

Wl Muskegon, Chicago, S

ii Mich. Illinois. %

•-■ • • '

Dec, 1895.

At Fliqt, Micl^igaq. — Or\e Dollar a Year.

332

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

AlDVEt^TISIflG t^flTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

Ou 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Ltist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal ( 1.00)

{Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)... .
Apiculturist ( .75)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 1.30.
. 1.65,

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules :

Fancy. — All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there wiU be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark, " etc.

CHICAGO, 111.— Extracted h'^ney is plentiful
and the colored grades range in price from 45^
to 6 cts. per pound. We quote as follows : fan-
cy white, 15 ; No. I white, 13 to 14 ; fancy amber,
10 to 11 ; No. 1 amber, 7 to 9 ; fancy dark, 8 to 10;
No. 1 dark. 7 to 8. Beeswrx, 28 to >!0.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Oct. 9. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

BUFFALO, N. Y.-- The market is firm on aU
new, fancy stock, and we would advise ship-
ments. Buckwheat honey sells slowly. Bees-
wax wanted. We quote as follows : fancy white
16 to 17 ; No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; fancy dark, 10 to
11 ; No. 1 dark, 8 to 9. Beeswax, 28 to 80.
BATTERSON & CO..

Oct. 11. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows :
No. 1 white. 13 to 14 ; No. 1 amber, 11 to 12 ; No. 1
dark, 8 to 10. Beeswax, 22 to 25.

C. C. CLEMONS CO.,

Oct. 10 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. -We quote fancy
Minnesota White, one-pound sections at 14 to 15
cents. California extracted honey in 60-lb cans,
7 cents

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Nov. 21.

NEW YORK, N. Y.— There is a good demand
for comb honey of all grades. Extracted is in
fairly good demand, but the supply is large, be-
ing mostly from California. The quality is fine.
Beeswax dull and declining. We quote as fol-
lows : fancy white, 15 ; No. 1 white, 14 ; fancy
amber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 ; No. 1 darfc, 9. Bees-
wax, 27 to 28.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Oct. 10 120 & 122 West Broadway New York.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Our honey market is in good
shape, although, as with other products, the
prices are not high. Receipts are lighter than
last year, and there is a good steady demand, but
there is not a real scarcity of white honey. We
quote as follows : white clover, (comb) 15 to 16 ;
mixed, 12 to 14, dark, 9 to 11 . Extracted, White,
6^T,o 7 : amber, 5'/^ to 6 ; dark, 5 to 514,

H. R WRIGHT,

Nov. 9 Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

POTATO CRATES and Bee Hive.
are my specialties. I'rice list free. Address
J. M. KINZIE
1-95-12. Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

R-l-P-A-N-S

ONE GIVES RELIEF.

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS.

I have already bought in this way a guitar
and violin for my girls and a flute for my-
self. If you are thinking of buying an in-
strument of any kind I should be glad to
send you one on trial. If interested, write
me for desciptive cirular and price list, say-
ing what kind of an instrument you are
thinking of getting.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Pi^>:^V^^;g|;-C^^>:;^:<;^

'3

©

:©

:©

Is a book of nearly 100 pag-es that begins with The
Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they
ought to be cared for in the spring in order to secure the
workers in time for the harvest, Then Hives and Their
Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections. Supers and Sepa-
rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arrang-ing-
Hives and Buildings and Shading the Bees are described.
Varieties of Bees, Introducing Queens and Planting for
Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of
Bees, Increase, Its Management and Control, and Contrac-
tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which
Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising
of Good Extracted Honey, and "Feeding Back" are taken
up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the
Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Migratory
Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at
Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the
question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases.
The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature,
Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also
chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee -Keeping, Com-
forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee-
Keeping, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all.

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the

book for $1.25. Stamps taken, cither U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSOIM, Flint, Mich.

334

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

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The New Gorneil

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The Corneil smoker is a dandy with a big D. I havo been using it to day on
the Grossest colony of bees I ever saw. I think 1 could drive a bulldog with it.
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Price $1-10, postpaid, or 85c if sent by express or freight with other goods,

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

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If you have never seen
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send your address for a
Free Sample ; or better,
for 2.5c. a "'good taste,"
-17 numbers, 4 months-
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not try this trial trip ?

It is better than ever !
Dr. C. C. Miller has a
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and nearly all of best
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Address, GEH. \¥. YORK &, CO., 56 Fifth A^e., CHlCACiO, IL.L..

Getting t^eady

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Jpott 1896.

We are now making necessary arrangements
for manufacturing on a largo scale, Extractors,
Smokers and everything used by the wide-a-
wake bee keeper. We shall continue to make
our FALCON POLISHED SECTIONS, which
are yet unequeled. If yon have never used any
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Address,

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.Iamestown, N. Y.

ITALIAN OUtENS AND SUPPLIES

FOU. 1896.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BKOWN,
l-S8-tf. Augusta, Georgia.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SUPPLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N. Y. City.

(SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

ee-;\eepeP8 jACViecL-

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to tl^e Iqterests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.

w. z. HOTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL VIII, FLINT, MICHIGAN, DEC, 10. 1895. NO. 12.

Work at jVCich-igan's

Experimental

^piarv.

K. li. TAYLOK, APIABI8T.
HONEY AND HEAT.

pERHAPS no
1 fact is better
known to the
skilled bee-keep-
er than that hon-
ey is readily in-
jured both in
flavor and color
by over-heating it
and yet for want
of exact knowl-
edge of the point
at which heat l)e-
gius to be detrimental there is no question
that qualities of honey are greatly reduced
in value even by those who are well ac-
quainted with the general truth of the fact
referred to : of course with those who keep
but few bees and are content to neglect the
latest and best sources of information and to
accept the word of the bee-hunter and the
voice of tradition as all-sufficient to direct
in the management of the bees and their
product, the danger is greatly augmented.

What is the highest degree of tempera-
ture to which honey may be subjected with-
out receiving damage ? It is not necessary
to explain to bee-keepers how important

this question is. Before the invention of
the extractor heat was an effective assistant
in the operation of separating the honey
from the wax, and in case of honey candied
in the comb it was an indispensable assist-
ant ; and to tliose whose limited apiary and
slender resonrces do not warrant the pur-
chase of all the convenient appliances the
age of tlie extractor has not yet come. But
the coming of the extrctor has in fact ren-
dered the question still more important, for
it has to a degree revolutionized the busi-
ness of bee keeping by the ability it gives
the apiarist to readily remove the honey
from cotnbs without at all injuring them for
the use of the bees so that they may be used
over and over again for years ; and the
means thus secured of supplying the bees
with ready made receptacles for their honey
ha^ rendered the extractor vastly popular
but with it has come the magnified incon-
venit-nce of iiandling large quantities of
c.indiod or granulated honey which often can
only l)n done to advantage after securing its
liquificatiou by the use of heat.

I know of no thoroughly satisfactory way
of accomplishing the process of liquification.
Eitht-r tliH [)rocess is along and nice one on
account of the skill and care required to
keep the terniterature below the danger
point, as when the honey is to be liquified in
crocks, jars or other vessels in which it has
already been stored ; or else it must be
placed in the melting vessel after cutting it
out ot the one in which it has been stored, a
slow and trying labor if it has been allowed

3a6

THE BEE-KEEFEIiS is;^/.

to become thoroughly solidified, in which
case the use of a spade or even of an axe is
necessary in order to make any satisfactory
impression upon it and even then the same
skill and care are required unless tlie nieli-
ing-vessel is so constructed that the horn y
may run off as fast as it becomes liquified. I
have invented a vessel to accomplish this
which is made as follows : The outer vessel
(for it is double) is an upright cylinder as
large as desired and as the stove to be used
will accommodate, made of tin, galvanized
iron or copper : the inner one would better
be of tin, two or three inches lees in height
and four to six inches less in diameter than
the outer one. The inner one is to be
fastened on metal supports about an inch
above the bottom of the other and so that
the space between the two is equal on all
sides. Both vessels are to be perforated for
a spout to run from the bottom of the inner
one out through the outer one at a convenient
distance to allow the passage of the honey
as it melts to a receptacle to be i)rovided
for it at one side of the stove. The spout is
of course to be soldered in place. It should
be at least an inch in diameter and provided
with a guard over and at some little distance
from the inner end of very strong and some-
what open wire cloth or other equivalent to
prevent the passage of too much unliquified
honey. The honey as it emerges mustpa^s
into a strainer of cheese cloth or oti er mate-
rial to intercept grains of un melted honey
which are to be returned to the melting can.
The outer and the inner caii should each
have a cover of its own. In operation the
space between the two is filled with water
through which the heat is conveyed to the
granulated honey in the inner one. The
spout should also be provided with a fancet
or other convenient cut off at the outer end.
The most obvious way of effecting the
liquitication of honey is to put it in an earth-
en or other fire proof vessel directly uiion
the stove. This course would make the
honey liquid as quickly as • any but the
effect upon the honey would be disas-
trous. As candied honey is a poor con-
ductor of heat that lying at the bottom
of the vessel would become boiling hot or
even scorched before that two inches high-
er up in the vessel had become warm if the
fire were brisk and the whole in a short time
would be entirely ruined. The next method
that would be likely to occur to one would l)e
to raise the vessel some little distance from

the stove by means of brick. This would
render the process much slower and in a
corresjionJing degree safer but would still
be almost sure to do the honey more or less
injury and would prove to be on the whole
quite uusHtisfaclory. The next plan and in
the absence of an utensil made specially for
the i)uri)ose the best of all is placing the
ve.-sel containing the honey in a bath of
water which is to serve as a medium for
conveying the heat of the fire to the honey.
In this place the heat is equalized and
mollified so to speak and is under much
better control and yet as will be seen later
all danger is not thereby elimiated. An
improvement on this method could be made
by so constructing the vessel which is to
contain the honey that it may be from
time to time conveniently lifted out and
such portion of the honey as is sufficiently
melted poured or drawn ofif.

The results of an experiment which I re-
cently made is the best answer I can give to
the question of what degree of temperature
will honey endure without injury. For the
making of the experiment I used a tin can
about twenty inches deep and twenty five
inches in diameter. This containing a few
inches of water was put on the stove and
an ordinary crock to contain the honey was
set into the water but raised about an inch
from the bo'tom of the can by placing a few
pieces of coal under it. The only honey at
hand that would answer the purpose was
some partially filled sections of the crop of
1894. It was white and clean, gathered from
ba^swood and clover say two thirds from the
former to one third from the latter and
was about half granulated. The combs
were I)rnken out of the sections and put into
thti crock I ill it was nearly filled. Fire was
then put under and the temperature of the
honey gradiirtlly raised till it was at 14r)°F.
whan a considerable portion of the honey
h id disolved and separated from the comb
and tlie wax had begun to melt slightly. At
this stage tlio licniitied honey was drained off
and a sample of it secured. The heating
process then continued to be applied gradu-
ally to the remainder till its temperature
reached IGo F when both honey and wax
were melted and a sample of the honey was
again taken after the removal of the wax.
The temperature continued to be raised and
samples of the honey were taken at the tem-
peratures of 185° F. and 2()0"F. I then essay-
ed to raise the temperature still higher but

ijttA iit^i<. K^:ErKRS' REVIEW.

337

after a pretty strenuonfl effort failed to get
it more thau two degrees higher. The hon-
ey was theu removed aud another puiuijIo
takeu. Thus five samples of the houey
were secured at intervals of time amounting
to one hour or a little more each.

The color and tlavor of these samples are
the means we have of determining the ef-
fect of the different temperatures. In the
first sample I could detect notliiug either in
color or tlavor indicating the application of
heat. Between this sample and the next one
taken at Kjf)" the difference is slight. I
could distinguish between them correctly by
the taste blindfolded and by sight by hold-
ing them upside by side to the light. One
person used to the taste of honey could dis-
tinguish them neither by sight nor taste.
Another one thought the second one the
better flavored. Practically it would be
safe to say I think that they would be classed
as of the same quality. After going above
ICf)' the honey rapidly deteriorates both in
color and flavor The difference between
the second and third is twice as great as
beween the flrst aud second, that between
the third aud fourth twice as great as that
between the second and third and that be-
tween the fourth and fifth shows even a
more rapid rate of deterioration, though the
temperature was raised but a trifle showing
that simply the continuance of an unwonted
temperature causes injury. It is quite likely
that the continuance of a temperature so
low as l^.") would prove injurious. The rate
of deterioration in color corresponds well
with • that in flavor. The third sample
would still be classed as white honey while
the fourth is quite light amber and the last
just a good amber. *

In the absence of evidence that honeys
from different sources can safely endure
different degrees of temperature we may
assume that honey should not be subjected
to a temperature above 105' and at a tem-
perature so high as that for only the short-
est possible time.

Lapeeb, Mich. Dec, i;», IH'.lf).

A Lengthy Description of an Easily used
System of Apiary Kegister.

W. E LAMB.

Editor Review ; According to my promise
last month, I will give you a description of
the apiary register which I use. I find that

to give a comjilete description, which I
would like to before submitting it for criti-
cism, would require too much space, I
shall therefore have to give only the main
features, leaving many of the details to the
ingenuity of the reader.

The register consists of a blank book
about seven inches wide, and long enough
so that there are as many lines on two pages
as we expect to have hives the current year:
or, we can use four pages if necessary.
The lines should be rather close together.

Cut &% in. board a little larger than the
book when open, tack a narrow strip along
the upper edge to shove the book up against,
and make a spring clasp, of wire, to come
down from the top of the board and hold
the book open and in place ; I find it more
convenient, however, to slide the book along
so that the clasp pr3sse8 only on the right
hand page. Tack a long loop of soft leather
along the upper edge of the board, just large
enough to let a pencil slip in aud out easily,
Use a pencil having blue lead in one end,
and red in the other.

This board is to be attached to the handle
of the tool basket in such a way thdt i
forms a lid over one end ( the end contain-
ing the things most seldom used. ) It
should be attached in such a way that it can
easily be lifted off and hung up for refer-
ence.

Now take the book, and with the red end
of the pencil, divide each page into columns,
thus ;
May 17,

D.

e

.8

1

Sl.M

•I

w.

3

f.

4

m.2.5.

5

Q'

,

6

(;.

s.

s. •

The first narrow column is for the num-
bers of the hives, the next for Sunday, and
the wide columns for the other days of the
week. There is no need of writing the
names of the days over each column, but as
an aid to the eye, the line between Wednes-
day and Thursday should be made double.
Write the date on which Sunday falls close
up in the outside corner of the page. This
enables us to quickly find any date we wish.
You will see that with this arrangement we
have no trouble with keeping track of the
day of the month. We simply remember
what day Sunday fell on, and then make
our record in the column corresponding to
the day of the week.

838

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViJ^^,

The pages are to be ruled in this way for
each week of the busy season. At other
times, use a page to contain a month's re-
cord, dividing it into four columns, one for
each week.

Now, to show how to use the register we
will take a few examples, aiming not to
choose the most practical examples, but to
choose those which, in the least space, will
best show how to use the register.

Suppose that it is Monday, May 18th., or,
as we will express it, Monday of the week
beginning May 17th., We go into the apiary
with the intention of contracting the brood
nests of all hives that need it, — in other
words, putting in dummies. With the red
end of the pencil, we make a character rep-
resenting the word, dummy, at the top of
the line separating Monday from Sunday.
This line serves a double purpose. I regret
that I can not give here the system of short-
hand which I use. as so much depends on
having a good, but simple system of short-
hand. As the characters I use, can not bo
printed, we will represent nouns by capitals,
verbs by small letters, and adjectives by
italics. To return to the example, we will
now open hive No. 1. put in the dummies,
close it, and make the record by drawing a
blue line diagonally across the red line hav-
ing D at the top, making a sort of x ( not
shown here). Now, if we were to write out
in full the record made by this simple mark,
it would be ;— Monday, of the week begin-
ning May 17th., I put dummies in hive No. 1
Passing to No. 2, we find that it does not
need dummies, so we make the record by
drawing a mark as before, but with the jed
end of the pencil: In Nos. 3, 4, and 5, we
place dummies. When, as in this case, we
treat several consecutive hives alike, we do
not make the record after closing each one,
but wait till we get through and then make
all the records at once by drawing a waved
line back and forth across the straight line,
passing down through the spaces belonging
to the hives so treated. This can be done
quite quickly by placing the finger where we
want to stop, to avoid the liability of going
too far. In this respect, it is an advantage
to go through the apiary in regular order.
In all other respects, it makes no difference
how much we skip around ; the unmarked
spaces will always show us which hives we
have not examined. No. 0 does need con-
tracting, and we mark it the same as No. 2.
In going through this hive we find queen

cells in the 4th. frame. We express the fact
thus: — Cells in frame 4., which we reduce to
C F 4., or C 4,, or simply C, This is written
in blue. By looking at the cells, we decide
on what day it is best to begin to watch for
a swarm. Then, in the space belonging to
No. G and in the column belonging to the
day of the week we decide on, we write with
the red end of the pencil, the letters L. S.
( look for swarm ), or simply S. We will
write it here in the column for Tuesday. If
a swarm does not come out on Tuesday, nor
Wednesday, say, four or five days after, we
cross out the S by drawing a red line through
it. If a swarm does come out on Tuesday,
or a few days after, we cross out the S by a
blue line. Then we record the fact by writ-
ing s. ( the verb, swarm or swarmed ), in
blue in the proper column.

We will now take an example in the Thurs-
day column, supposing that the date at the
top of the page is Jun. 20. We want to ex-
tract from some hives, and put supers on
others, we will write e. ( extract ) in red at
the top of the first line dividing Thursday
from Wednesday, and S. ( super ) at the top
of the second. If we choose, we can make
two lines instead of one between all the
other days of the week, and three between
Wednesday and Thursday. If at any time
we need more than these, we can draw an
extra line at the time. Hive No. 1 has a
super on, and we put on another, and mark
the line under S with blue. We do not ex-
tract, so we mark the line under e with red.
The super that was already on, we find to be
three-fourths full which we express thus :
Super 1 ^4 full, which we reduce to S 1,%
and write it in blue. We will not go any
farther with thi^ example.

Let us now stop to observe the significance
of the two colors we use. Notice that all re-
cords of things that have actually been done,
or that have actually occurred, or of condi-
tions that actually exist, are made in blue.
All memoranda of things that we contem-
plate doing in the future, or that we expect
to occur, are in red. Blue is also used to
cross our former memoranda, when the
thing referred to has been done, or has oc-
curred ; and red, when we have decided not
to do it, or it has not occurred as we expect-
ed. As near as we can exqress it in brief,
the significance of red is, not done, not yet
done^ not : and of blue, done, or so. All
cross marks, whether drawn through a mem-
orandum, or through a line running down

ruJL B±JJL-KJ!.EPERS REVIEW,

339

*rom a memorandum, mean "satisfied."
Thus, if we have done the thing refe; red to
in the memorandum, we cross it out with
blue ; if we have definitely decided not to
do it, we cross it out with red. In either
case, we are " satisfied."

We will now take an example in the Fri-
day column, supposing that it is in the week
beginning Sept. 5. We are to examine the
condition of the colonies with respect to
wintering. We do not need to place any
character at the top of the line, but simply
go through and mark it in blue as we exam-
ine the hives. No. 1 we find in good condi-
tion, so we make no record, except the blue
mark. No. 2 is weak, and we write win the
space belonging to it. No 3 needs feeding,
so we write f, ( feed ) in red. No. 4 is not
quite strong enough, and we write m ( med-
ium ) in blue. W'e find that No. .G is queen-
less, and we write Q followed by the charac-
ter ( ' ). This character gives a negative
meaning to every noun, verb, or adjective to
which it is attached. In this case, Q' means
" no queen, "or, queenless. After we have
gone through all the hives we look at the
register, and decide how we want to double
them up, in order to make colonies of the
proper strength. Suppose we decide to
unite Nos. 2, i, and, 5 on the stand of No. 4.
In the No. 4 space, we write, in red, the No.
2 and 5 at the same time canceling the Nos.
2 and.') in the left hand column. We will do
no more to-day. On Saturday, we see the
Nos. 2 and 5 in red, in the No. 4 space, where
we wrote them the day before. We unite the
colonies as indicated, crossing out the mem
orandum with blue. Here the exact date on
which we did the work is of no consequence,
so we make no entry in the Saturday column
but simply cross out with blue our memor-
andum in the Friday column, indicating
that the work has been done, as intended.

Now in regard to using the register, our
aim should be not to see how much we can
put into it, but to see how little will serve
our purpose. To put down everything we
do would be a waste of time. Nothing
should be put down except what it is necessa-
ry to remember, in order to avoid future labor
or loss, and which we could not remember
without putting it down. Everything is to
be left to the memory without burdening it.
And when we make a record, it should be in
the fewest possible terms, and yet be intel-
ligible. Our principal dilticulity, which we
overcome by the use of the register in a very

satisfactory way, and with very little trouble,
is not to remember what operations w
have performed, nor when we performed
them, but to remember on which hives we
have performed them, which ones we have
found do not require them, and which ones
we have not yet examined.

With this register, we have no trouble
carrying the oook around or forgetting whtr e
we left it ; no opening it, finding the place
and feeling in our pocket for a pencil ; no
putting down numbers or dates, and, if we
have a good system of shorthand, no tedi-
ous writing. All our records, pertaining to
any day, or to any hive, are easily referred
to, and all our memoranda are sure to be
seen.

Ransomville, N. Y. Nov. 2, 18t»5.

Notes From Foreign Bee Journals.

F. L. THOMPSON.

Leipziger Bienenzeitung. — It seems like-
ly that the tariff on honey in Germany will
be raised, if it has not been already, from a
little over 2 to 4>2 cents a pound. This has
encountered much opposition, hitherto
without avail, from the manufacturers of
gingerbread, who have been using foreign
honey quite extensively for the purpose.
Though the movement is in the interest of
bee-keepers mainly, and has met with their
support, it is said to have been first started
by the firm of Langenluetje Brothers, in
order to get a monopoly for their own pro-
duct, viz. "artificial honey" manufactured
from sugar-leavings, which they claim can
not be distinguished from the foreign honey.
"When will the designation 'honey' be
only lawfully applied to nectar ? " asks Pas-
tor Fleishmann. Whatever may be thought
of the wisdom of opposing adulteration, all
will agree that this abuse of the word "hon-
ey " would be a detriment, in like manner
as if oleomargarine had been known as
artificial butter. There is some danger of
that in this country, for I have met several
customers who used the word " honey " in
that way.

H. Bollback, in proposing outside feeding
at home to deter the bees from visiting
candy-stands, speaks of a device which
promises to materially lessen what little
labor there i_ in outside feeding. A wooden
trough, several yards long, pitched in the
joint, has one end placed under a spigot

340

TBE BEE-KEEPERS REVlEyy .

that may be easily regalated to moisten the
whole length of the trough. By having a
cask of sufficient size, ttie daily filling of
vessels would be obviated. To make it still
more automatic, a vessel covered with wire
cloth under the other end of the trough
would prevent waste whenever the bee-keep-
er desired to be absent. The same arrange-
ment as a permanent fixture under a shed
during the spring, with just enough flow to .
keep a handful of bees busy, would be a
good prevention of foul brood, by using
thin syrup medicated with carbolic acid or
lysol.

Pastor Fleishmann does not see how the
question of overstocking can be solved by
statistics. (See Review, page 238. ) It is
self-evident that in most cases statistics are
worthless for the purpose. But the fact
that a limitation by law of the number of
colonies was thought of indicates that in
that case the authorities thought they had
something to go on. Such a presumption
might be furnished by a uniform propor-
tion of the forage area to total area, togeth-
er with a uniformity of the forage area it-
self. A known ar ja of alfalfa, for example,
which was never cut before a certain time,
with no vield from wild flowers, would
leave- but one element of uncertainty, viz.,
the annual variation of nectar-flow ; and
this would be eliminated by taking the re-
sults of a term of years. My own locality
would be a good one for comparison, if the
alfalfa were cut regularly. In a circuit of
23-2 miles (12,5(jr. acres) there are nearly
1000 colonies, perhaps 15000 acres of alfalfa,
and no outside source of supply that cuts
any figure. My observations during the ten
years I have been here tally with the words
of Mr. James M. Marvin, as reported by Mr.
Heddon in the Review for 1891, page 326 :
" When the season is poor for 200 colonies, it
is poor for four, and when good for 200, it is
good for GOO, all in the same yard. " No one
expects statistics to " solve " the question of
overstocking ; but they may throw some
light on it. If they do no more than prove
the certainty of the uncertainty of this
question, that is something, for some, in
their eagerness to prevent the spread of bee-
keeping, think they can judge of overstock-
ing by the crop of a single year.

The decision referred to was not confirm-
ed by the goverment, it seems, and migra-
tory beekeeping is still unimpeded on the
Rhine.

L' Apioulteur.— Maurice Bellot has very
often succeeded in preventing second
swarms, when artificial swarming has been
practiced, by giving the old colony a queen-
cell which will hatch in two days ; when
natural swarming is allowed, by giving the
old colony a virgin queen just emerged or
about to emerge, which is caged for twenty-
four hours.

Several members, at the congress of Api-
culture in July, cited facts showing that
calcareous soils are superior for the pro-
duction of honey, both in quality and quan-
tity.

The following resolution was unanimous-
ly adopted by this Congress : Art. 1. The
Congress expresses the wish that in what
concerns the installation of hives and the
distances to be observed in their sites, bee-
keepers shall have the advantage of liberty
and common law, it being understood that
the said bee-keepers assume the whole re-
sponsibility in case of accidents.

Art. 2. In default of common law, the
Congress requests that the prefects, before
fixing in their decisions the distances to be
observed in the installation of hives, get
the opinion of the societies of apiculture of
their respective departments, and of all
other interested societies.

Art. 3. In case the apiaries are surround-
ed by buildings, walls or full hedges of a
metre and a half in height, no distance
shall be expected.

Art. 4. In the Rural Code project before
the Chambers, the Mayor shall not be grant-
ed the power of causing hives to be closed
on pretext of preserving the safety of fruits.
BiENEN- Vatee.— At the Leipzig convention
an extractor was exhibited in which each
comb-basket turned on its axis at the same
time the whole reel did, so that both sides
were extracted at once. The reporter doubts
whether it is of practical value. An ingen-
iously constructed uncapping machine was
exhibited, which worked satisfactorily,
though somewhat slowly.

There are exceptions to the rule that a
first swarm always builds worker comb at
first, says Alois Alfonsus. During a heavy
flow two first swarms built almost entirely
drone combs. These were cut out. During
the more moderate flow which followed the
bees replaced them with worker combs. He
alludes to other cases which were reported
years ago.

.'iiA BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

341

He had a colony which swarmed the next
day after all its brood was taken away (the
brood combs being replaced with alternate
combs and full sheets), because he had
allowed a young queen to remain with it,
which emerged during the process. The old
queen went with the swarm. Her antipathy
to the queen cells could not have been the
immediate cause in the case.

L'Apicoltoee.— Mr. Pettit's article on
" Smoke Better than Bee-Escapes " has giv-
en more than one foreign writer the im-
pression that bee-escapes are going out of
use in America. The reverse is the case.

The editor quotes the following passage
from Baron Ehrenfels, an old bee-writer :
" Among the wintering experiments tried,
was that of employing artificial means of
heat, and placing hives in heated rooms.
The bees, kept in activity by a suitable de-
gree of heat, consumed honey without de-
siring to fly, befouled each other with their
excrements, wintered worse and ate more
honey than those wintered in the open air
in perfect repose. " One would like to know
whether they had to be confined to the in-
side of the hives, by wire c'oth or other-
wise, on account of the disturbing influence
of light.

The same writer (his date is not given)
mentions that his assistants used to sweet-
en their coffee with fresh honey which they
extracted from pieces of comb by rotat-
ing them.

It seems that Dr. Dabini has never seen a
single bee on his ordinary strawberrie-,
which yield him fruit duriug nine mouths of
the year, and only rarely on a peculiar lart'e
kind, which he calls annnas (pine-apple)
that only bears fruit in the spring.

Australian Bee-Bulletin.— Extracted
honey has been found more profitable in
Australia. Some prefer small tin packages,
others larger ones.

" Bombus" raises his voice loudly against
"the wholesale initiation of novices into
this art or science [of bee-keeping] in every
town and district where lectures are being
delivered." "Presently" he says "we
shall raise enormous quanties of honey,
and then comes the cry ' WHERE can we
sell it ? ' and ' WHAT can we get for it ? ' "
" My motto is 'The greatest good to the
greatest number. ' I fancy that those who
keep bees solely for the honey they produce
are in the majority. " He invites discussion.
I recommend him to read the fifth section

of Mr. R. L. Taylor's essay at the last con-
vention, published, in the American Bee
Journal, page Giy.

" Any hive on the ' long-idea ' principle
is the only kind which seems to suit the
Carniolan or Carni-Italian bees andi)revent
their swarming propen-ities. Put them in
any other hive and swarm they will. But
with the ' long-idea ' hive swarming is prac-
tically under control and large yields of hon-
ey are the result, lam an admirer of the
Carni-Italians, though I have more Italians
than them at the present time, but next
season things will be reversed. They are
more prolific than Italians and there is no
spring dwindling about them, which I can-
not say for Italians. " — " Loyalstorie. "

By a supply advertisement I see that the
Rietsche foundation press is kept for sale
in Australia, why not in this country, if it is
made plain that it is not for section founda-
tion ?
Akvada Colo. Nov., 20, 18'Jo.

How to Feed Bees Profitably.

H. K. BOAEDMAN.

T sold my crop of
i comb honey this
year at 14 cts. per lb.
delivered at my R. R.
station. I bought
granulated sugar at
4^4 cts. per lb. Isn't
there a good margin
of profit here? Many
a careful business
man has lost his head
over a much smaller
margin than this in
business transactions. It only remains to
determine how much labor and expense
comes between the raw material and the
finished product.

The rapid breeding in the early part of
the season uses up the stores in the hive and
very frequently leaves the combs empty at
the beginning of the honey harvest, and
they will be filled with the choicest honey
from the flowers before the sections will re-
ceive any attention from the bees ; and
sometimes, in a poor season, this takes
about all of the honey that the bees are able
to gather and there will be nothing for the
bee keeper to show but stings.

This has seemed to me to be a grand op-
portunity for successful and profitable feed-

342

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEVi^.

ing, and I have made it an opportunity for
exchanging sugar for honey by feeding the
bees liberaly at this time, filling their store
combs with sugar syrup for winter stores,
and getting in exchange the choicest honey
from the flowers in the sections. By this
plan there is a possibility of some surplus if
any honey is gathered from the field.

Of course there is a premium on this ex-
change, just how much depends on several
things.

A part of the feed given at this time will
be converted into young bees which will be-
come a part of the working force to gather
the surplus honey, and a part will be sealed
up in the store combs for winter stores.
The part that becomes winter stores is with-
out doubt a safe investment. The part
which is consumed in rearing brood, raising
more bees to gather more honey, is, I am
sure, still better.

Sugar and water in about equal parts
thoroughly dissolved is all that is needed.
Don't try to fix it up or doctor it in any way,
let the bees do that themselves. Don't im-
agine thr.t you can help the bees in their
work of ripening the feed at any time by
making it thicker.

You will only hinder instead of helping
them. Don't feed too fast ; about 3 lbs. of
sugar per day is enough.

The wide-awake farmer feeds and cares
for his horses to increase their working
ability ; his cows for the milk and butter ;
his sheep for thewool and the poultry for
the eggs. No sensible-up-to-the-times-
farmer would think of making his business
profitable without he did this, and yet. there
are very many bee keepers who seem to
cling to the uncertain possibilities of the
bees working for nothing and boarding
themselves ; of getting a crop without any
outlay.

Bat suppose the season should be a fail-
ure, how aie you going to get your money
back that you have paid out fur sugar, I
have been asked. My bees will be ready for
business when the next season opens, instead
of hovering on the ragged edge of starvation
for half the year and then have to be fed
to be worth anything.

Of course, there may be, and probably
are, some localities where Nature is so
bounteous in her yield of sweets that the bees
will never need feeding, — but I am speaking
in regard to my own locality and I am con-
vinced from the reports that there are plenty
of others as poor as mine.

The kind of feeding which I have describ-
ed is, I think, the most profitable kind of
feeding ; but there is another kind of feeding
which claims some attention, viz., feeding
back to get unfinished sections completed.
I have had considerable experience in this
direction just how much does not matter,
but I could give some figures showing the
actual results of some experiments that I
have made that would look very fiattering.

Some of my experiments in feeding back
have been profitable and some have not.
Those which have not I think are in the ma-
jority. Of course, I am better prepared now
to avoid the mistakes and blunders that have
made this work unprofitable; but I am not
as enthusiastic over this subject as I once was.
If properly conducted and the conditions are
favorable, without doubt it might be made
profitable in the ri{]ht hands ; but with the
average bee-keeper I am sure it would re-
sult in disappointment and loss.

A synopsis from my experiments may
furnish some valuable hints to those who
may wish to try their hands at this kind of
feeding.

Feeding back should be begun as soon
as possible after the honey season closes.
The weather will be likely to be more favor-
able and the bees will be in better condition
than later. Of course, the crop of honey
must be taken off and graded before the un-
finished sections can be got at, but the less
delay the better in getting the bees to work
upon them. The extracted honey which is
to be fed back should be fed as soon as pos-
sible after it is extracted, while it is new,
for a change takes place in it very soon
which will cause it to granulate in the combs
after it is stored and sealed over by tlie bees.
I liuve had a good deal of trouble of this kind.
In fact, tlio d fficulty of getting a choice
grade of honey has been one of the most
serious draw backs with me. All sections
to be finished should be uncapped otherwise
they will have a patchy look when finished.
Considerable comb may be built during the
feeding if there is space for it.

The most successful plan, and the one I
should recommend, is to shake or drum out
the bees from a strony heavy colony with
plenty of brood, upon empty frames with
only starters, and begin feeding at once,
and as soon as the queen has commenced to
lay in the new combs, which will usually be
in 24 to 48 hours, put on the sections ( as
many as it is expected to finish ) at once

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

343

nnd continue feeding rapidly enough to
complete the work in _'."> days. This gets all
of the work at the stai t in the sections, just
where you want it, and liaviug once begun
there the bees are more disposed to continue
the work than to go below. The brood
combs will be built slowly and tilled with
eggs as fast as built, therefore there will be
very little room for the feed in the brood
chamber.

This method prevents any trouble from
swarming, which is sure to occur if feeding
is done with old colonies having full combs.
It is the only plan that has been even fairly
successful with me. If increase is not
wanted, unite back with the old colony with
the young queen when done feeding.

Does feeding interfere with the field work
when bees are able to get honey from the
flowers ? This was a question of much im-
portance with me, and one over which I was
considerably disturbed when I was feeding
100 or more colonies, but I am satisfied
that the bees give the nectar in the flowers
the preference at all times. Let any one
who thinks differently try feeding in the open
air during a honey flow — even the choicest
and most tempting bits of honey will be re-
fused for the nectar in the flowers. In order
to satisfy myself on this point I left on sev-
eral feeders until the height of the honey
yield. As the flow of honey increased they
received less attention, and finally were
abandoned entirely.

The feeder is the first and most important
consideration in the work of feeding bees.
A proper feeder should not require the open-
ing of the hive, or cause any disturbance of
the bees in feeding or re-filling the feeder.
There should be no daubing or smearing of
bees, not even of their feet. " No admit-
tance except on business, " should be the
notice for the benefit of robbers. Outsiders
should not be able at any time to even sam-
ple the feed. Rain or wet should not be able
to affect the feed or the feeder. The feed
should be in sight to enable the bee-keeper
to see at a glance just what each colony
is doing. If feeding cannot be done with-
ont exciting the bees to robbing or maraud-
ing, it will surely be unprofitable and would
better not be done at all. I have never been
able to make feeding a practical business
until I succeeded in devising a practical
feeder with the requirements I have describ-
ed.

East Townsend, Ohio. Dec. 4, 1895.

Swarming, its Causes and Control.

K. O. AIKIN.

VTTHE swarming
\L question will
not down. Many
theories as to its
cause, and many
plans to control it,
have been advanc-
ed. We evidently
do not know all
the factors, or else
we are not able to
apply the remedy.
There are known
methods by which we can control swarm-
ing but they are hard to apply.

In the American Bee Journal, Nov. 14th
18;)r), page 731, I find the following sentence
by Mr. Adrian' Getaz : " Excepting the
case of loss or failure of queen, queen cells
are constructed only when three conditions
are present, viz. : 1st, a honey flow ; 2ud, a
number of young bees ; and ord, the laying
of the queen restricted by either the lack of
space (or rather, empty combs), or a fail-
ure in the fecundity of the queen. " In the
article from which I quote, he advances the
theory that the bees have a surplus of larval
food which is used in the construction of
queen cells, hence swarming results.

But what causes this surplus of larval
food ? I can see a reason in the activity
and stimulus of the honey flow, the greater
number of nurse bees, and the surplus
augmented by a decreased amount of brood
caused by crowding the queen ; but, if these
are the causes of the building cells, why do
they not continue to build them till the close
of the flow ?

Extended observations prove, that if the
colony can be gotten safely past the first
part of the flow (or through the first ten
days or two weeks) without swarming, we
may have present all the conditions named,
and swarming will decrease 25 to 75 percent.
Mr. Getaz mentions my own experience,
when my flow came in Aug. and Sept., that
I had very little swarming ; but when the
conditions changed (in the same locality),
so that I had a flow in June — white clover — ,
swarming became very troublesome. Mr.
Getaz's three conditions were all present in
those fall flows, and usually some of the hot-
test weather of the season ; yet, with all the
flow, many young bees, and the crowded

344

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlJfivk.

condition of the brood nest in vei-y populous
colonies, swarming was easily .TO to 75 per-
cent less than with a June flow.

As an influence in swarming, I do not
know what difi'erence there would be as be-
tween old and young bees, for I have not
observed on tliis point. I do know that
heat bears no little influence. For the
whole of my apicultural life, it has been my
custom to discourage swarming. Before
the flow and when they are not making a
living, if I can keep them with just enough
stores to keep brooding going on nicely, I
have very little swarming, even though the
colony be strong and weather hot. The
same conditions with plenty of stores, will
increase the swarming probably 2.5 percent.
Add, next, nectar from the fields, in plenty,
and the swarming fever goes up to a high
pitch.

Many bees, much brood, abundance of
nectar, a crowded condition, and hot weath-
er, will bring about swarming in a high de-
gree if the time be May or June, a slight
decrease for July, and rapidly diminishing
toward the close of the summer. The ab-
sence of any one of these factors lessens
swarming. Take away the surplus of bees,
and you take away swarming. Leave the
bees and take the brood, and you stop it.
Leave both bees and brood and take away
the feed, and there is no swarming. Abun-
dance of old stores will be a stimulus to
swarming in about 2.'j to .TO percent as com-
pared with nectar gathering. All the other
conditions present and temperature below
normal, will retard swarming 20 to 2r> per-
cent, as against excessive heat. A crowded
condition with all the other factors present,
will augment swarming 20 to 40 percent.
Giving full sets of extracting combs and
abundance of room, will decrease swarming
much more than the same room if they have
to build the comb. Any managment that
takes the bees out of the brood chamber
will decrease swarming. Giving full sets of
comb thus making it so convenient for the
bees to congregate in the super, is why those
run for extracted swarm less than those run
for comb. It relieves the pressure of both
bees and honey in the brood-nest.

Bees, brood and nectar are the 8 prime
factors necessary to swarming. Crowding
and heat are secondary factors. The 1st,
3rd and .^th factors are necessary in the
production of extracted honey, and the 1st
8rd, 4th and rAh in comb production. To

rob the colony of brood, allows us to pro-
duce either comb or extracted and no
swarming. Mr. Getazis evidently wrong in
his theory that a surplus of larval food
causes the building of queen cells, and so
causes swarming. Take from the most
prosperous colony all its brood, and you at
once take away its swarming too ; yet such
a procedure ought to leave the colony with
a superabundance of larval food, and no
whereto use it.

A wise Creator has planted within the bee
the instinct to swarm, that thereby they may
iucrease and perpetuate the race. The
cause of swarming is the instinct, and the
conditions necessary to arouse the instinct
appear in the foregoing, and all experienced
apiarists are familiar with them. Some of
these factors may be absent, and yet swarm-
ing occur ; but the whole five factors are
necessary to the full measure of swarming.
We might say there are H factors, putting
season of the year as 4th.

To control swarming we must remove
one of the priv/ie factors. Brood is the only
factor we can remove and not defeat our
object — honey. The removal of brood in-
stead of decreasing the honey yield rather
increases it. We may remove the brood by
direct confiscation, or we can do it more
gradually by the removal of the queen. The
first method would be better where the flow
is very short and profuse, the second better
where the flow lasts 40 to GO or more days.

The removal of brood leaves the colony
in a natural condition. It is not unnatural
to be without brood, for all are broodless a
part of the year, and all swarms are so for
a time. Removing the queen does not
leave them in (/iitVe so natural a condition,
and does not so quickly take out the swarm-
ing fever ; but they will not swarm without
the queen, and the fever passes off by the
time the brood is all hatched. The dilficul-
ty in this method comes in the plurality of
queens in the effort to requeen. Perhaps
you will say that the queen should be count-
ed as one of the prime factors in swarming.
Not so : The presence of o7ie queen is not
an exciting cause ; but the presence of a
plurality of queens is. The removal of the
queen by the apiarist or by accident, forces
a plurality and may not properly be called
a factor.

An apiary with queens of all ages and
grades, will have quite a percent of swarm-
ing that is not normal, and not subject to

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

345

the foregoing rules. There will be an effort
to supersede the poor queens with no thought
of swarming, yet when the time for the
young queens to hatch arrives, the plurality
will excite to swarming with almost every
other favorable condition absent, and the
more so if the old queen has passed away in
the mean time. To keep only the best of
queens, means that the swarming will come
almost all at the same time, provided other
conditions are right. In case of superseding
usnally only one to three or four cells are
built ; but in building for swarming, from 5
to 15 or 20 ; aud under forced conditions
from 20 to 50. Cells for swarming and for
superseding are built in the most favorable
places, as the edges of the combs, while
those built under forced circumstances may
be found any where on the comb, and of
almost any size and shape.

The cause of swarming is instinct ; its
control, broodlessness. Other methods at
times seem effective, but the only method of
controlling swarming that is at all times a
success, is broodlessness.

LovELAND, Colo. Nov. 25, 1898.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HDTCHDJSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms :— $1.00 a year iu advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five f i)r $4.00 ; ten or more,
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the REVlffiw
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued.

FLINT, MICHIGAN. DEC. 10. 1895.

J. A. Lamon, a honey dealer of Chicago
made an exhibit of honey at a pure food
show held in that city during the first 19 days
of October. A lady in attendance put a
spoonful of honey on a cracker and passed
it to the visitor who ate the whole thing.
From ."> to 5 gallons were used in this way
each day. A colony of bees in a glass hive
was on exhibition and prizes offered for
guessing the number of bees. One man
guessed 40,055 and guessed only five too
many. Wonder how they counted them ?
Did they have to kill them ? One large,
general merchandise store in Chicago has
commenced a similar exhibition. All this I
learufrom the American Bee Journal.

Clubbing Rates will be found on the first
inside cover page of the Review. In tak-
ing advantage of these clubbing offers the
editor to whom the subscription is sent gets
full price for his paper, while the " other
fellow " tries to be content with getting only
his lowest clubbing rate. You will now un-
derstand why, in clubbing the Review with
other journals, it will be considered a favor
if the subscription is sent to this office.

Ivy is still confined to the bed most of the
time and requires constant attendance and
much care, but she is slowly improving —
especially mentally, and as her mind be-
comes clearer it is easier to treat her bodily
ailments. The doctor says she will eventu-
ally recover but it may take a long time. I
wish to thank the many friends who have
written letters full of sympathy and encour-
agement.

ViEGiN Queens will not take their bridal
excursion so long as unsealed brood is pres-
ent says Gravenhorst — he has known of only
a single exception. I have known of
thousands of exceptions. My queen rearing
nuclei are never without unsealed brood, yet
the queens mate all right. Of course, in
natural swarming there is no unsealed brood
in the hive at the time the young queen
mates, but I doubt if its presence would
have any effect in deterring her.

Feeding Bees in Winter is a difficult
thing to do successfully. Ed. Jolley tells
the American Bee Keeper how he fed a few
destitute colonies by laying eight or ten
sections of honey flat on their sides over
the brood nest, and tucking all up warm
and snug with quilts and cushions. When
there came a warm afternoon the quilts were
removed, the cappings on the upper surfaces
scored with a fork, when the bees came up
and removed the honey to the brood nest.

Excellent Abtioles are on hand from J.
E. Crane, Eugene Secor. E. France, L. A.
Aspinwall. C. P. Dadant and others. They
were intended for the Dec. Review, but
there was not room for them. I intended to
put in extra pages, pictures, etc. as is usu-
ally done at this time of the year, but sick-
ness has prevented. If my subscribers will
only bear with the Review's short comings

346

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW.

for a month or two, until Ivy is better, I
promise them that my best efforts shall be
used in making the Review brighter and
better than ever before. It is my life-work
and I love it, and I shall be only too glad
when I can again feel that I am really back
in the harness.

Pkompt Renewals will be greatly appreci-
ated this year. Heretofore! have not been
so very particular if the money only came
in sometime during the year but the long
continued illness that we have been having
has not only kept me from my work but has
greatly increased the expenses, as every one
knows who has " been there " and a dollar
now will do me twice the good it will in three
or four months from now. Of course if you
haven't the $1.00 to send at present, I shall
be glad to continue the Review just the
same, but, if you have it to spare, I shall
most thoroughly appreciate the kindness if
you will send it promptly.

THE OHIOAGO CONVENTION.

A meeting of the Illinois State Bee Keep-
ers' Association will be held in Chicago Jan.
9 and 10. This Association is really the old
Northwestern, or rather the Northwestern
and Illinois State merged into one. This
meeting will occur during the week of the
National Cycle Show when rates of one and
one-third fare may be obtained, by the
certificate plan, on the railroads. The
meeting will be held at the new Briggs
House, corner of Randolph and Fifth Ave.
This will undoubtedly be a good convention.
Chicago is the place for a bee convention,
and quite a number of prominent bee-keep-
ers have promised to be present. I hope to
be there, but it will all depend upon how
rapidly Ivy improves in health. At present
I could not leave.

The Sugab Honey bill of Canada, or the
" Pure Honey Bill, " as its friends prefer to
call it, receives attention this month from
Bro. Hasty. I have never thought of it, but
I believe the wording of the bill would allow
the punishing of the bee-keeper who fed his
bees sugar for winter stores, although I do
not think this was thought of when the bill
was drafted. I believe that the friends of
this bill feared that the fair name of their
product was in danger, but the fear was
groundless and the bill will probably never

become a law. Heretofore Canadian bee-
keepers have been given every law that they
asked for, but it seems that the legislature
could see no necessity for this law — and
there isn't. Probably little if any sugar
honey has been produced in Canada ; if there
has it is doubtful if it could have been dis-
tinguished from floral honey ; or, if it could,
there is already a law that covers the case —
unless is should he proved that sugar honey
is genuine honey when, of course, it could
not be called an adulteration and some sort
of a new law might be needed.

PEOriT IN FEEDING BEES.

I look upon Mr. Boardmau's article in
this issue as one of the most valuable and
practical that has appeared in the Review
in some time. There is no use of denying
it, or dodging it, or ignoring it, in many parts
of the country there must come a radical
change in bee-keeping. I have an article
from Eugene Secor touching this point that
will appear in the Jan. Review. Many bee-
keepers must change their location, go to
the flowers, or change their methods of
management. The bee-keeping public says
at present, and perhaps always will say,
that sugar honey must not be produced, but
there is no objection to bees living on four-
cent sugar instead of fifteen-cent honey.
It has been estimated, and I think fairly,
that a colony of bees consumes 60 or 70
pounds of honey during the year. If a good
portion of this can be cheap sugar instead of
high priced honey it may make all the differ-
ence between a fair profit and a serious loss.

A change to a better location is prefer-
able, if a change can be made, as there is
more profit in plenty of honey from natural
sources than in exchanging sugar for honey
in a poor locality, but there are many in the
latter kind of locality who can't well change
their place of residence but can still keep
bees at a profit, if not so large a one, by
pursuing tactics similar to those followed by
our practical friend of East Townsend, Ohio.

EXXRMOXED.

Will the Good Tears Come Aerain 1

There is no question in which I am more
deeply interested than in the future of bee-
keeping. Since this subject was discussed a

i'iiii BEE-KEEFERS REVIEW.

347

year ago in the Keview I have read with
avidity the occasional articles that have
appeared in the other journals. It is evi-
dent that many bee-keepers are beginning to
realize that, for them, bee-keeping is not
what it was onco. It is not the province of
a bee journal to discourage but rather to
enthuse and encourage, but not at the ex-
pense of the truth. If bees in large num-
bers can no longer be kept at a profit in
some localities, the sooner the bee-keepers
of those localities learn that fact, the better
it is for them — but I won't " steal any more
thunder " from the article that I am going
to copy from the Progressive. It was
written by Dr. Miller aud is well worthy of
consideration.

" Some seem to have settled into the be-
lief that the forests have been cut away,
cultivation has destroyed the wild flowers,
and that as a consequence we are never
again to have such yields of honey as in the
past. Others come up smiling at the close
of each year of defeat, prophesying good
things to come, and hopefully recounting all
the omens for good.

I think there is no denying the fact that
in general the past few years have not been
as good as formerly for the majority of bee-
keepers. And I plainly confess that I don't
know anything about the future of bee-keep-
ing. But I incline rather to join the ranks
of the optimists. The wise man says: 'Say
not thou. What is the cause that the form-
er days were better than these ? for thou dost
not inquire wisely concerning this. ' But I
suppose I may be allowed to discuss some-
what the reasoning of those who do inquire.

As already mentioned, it is thought by
some, perhaps by a good many, that the
advance of civilization and cultivation has so
changed the flora that no further explanation
is needed for the falling off in honey crops.
There may be something in that in a certain
locality. A good deal in some. For where
linden has been a chief source of nectar and
the trees have ail been cut down, there can
be no question as to the result. But lindens
are not found everywhere, and in many
places they have not been cut down, and
failures have occurred in their presence.

The destruction of wild flowers by the
plow doesn't cut so great a figure as many
imagine. Look over the list of wild flowers
that yield great crops of honey, and that are
destroyed by the plow and tell me what they
are. Such plants as fire weed are not great
in number, and are found only in a few
regions. Besides, in largei areas such as the
state of New York and parts of some other
states, all the wild flowers were gone years
ago just as much as they are now. The
disappeareance of its crops didn't occur
along with the disappearance of the wild
flowers, but some time after.

Again, the failures of recent years are
attributed to climatic, electric or other occult

influences. It may be. Who knows ? I'm
sure I don't. The weather is responsible
for a good many things, and quite possibly
it may be the guilty party.

Bat 1 fancy I hear some one say : ' Sup-
pose you do locate the place, what are you
going to do about it ? ' Well, nothing I sup-
pose. ' Then whafs the use talking about
it'? Well, now, there may be some use in
talking about it, even if we can't do any
thing about it. A good many of us do a
good deal of thinking about it. We've got
to — can't help ourrelves. After running
bluntly up against partial or total failures,
for a number of years, we can't help but
think about the question whether it is wise
to continue making pre{)aratious for crops
that never come. And a thing that's worth
thinking about ought to be worth talking
about. For myself, if the past two seasons
are to be an index of the future, the sooner I
get out of bee-keeping the less I'll lose by it.
And I'd give something to know what the
next five or ten years will bring in the way
of pasturage.

Notwithstanding the fact that my bees
have given me no surplus for two years, I'm
putting them into winter quarters with a
good bit of the same hopefulness I had in
years gone by after a good season. I'll tell
you a little how it looks to me. If it's the
presence or lack of bl(jssoms, I don't see any
reason why there may not be as many blos-
soms next year as there were ten or fifteen
years ago. My chief, indeed my almost
sole source of surplus is white clover. Some-
times plants aud blossoms are scarce, some-
times bloom is abundant. I don't know any
great reason why next year may not be one
of their abundance.

If it's electric or other conditions tha
make the trouble, no one that I know of can
tell much about them, and as the whole mat-
ter lies in the region of uncertainty, why
not expect good conditions as well as bad
for next year ? The weather with all its
appurtenances and belongings is proverbial
for its changeableness. We've had changes
for the worse, are we not just as likely now
to have them for the better ? Two years of
total failures is a somewhat remarkable
thinff. It would be still more remarkable if
we should have three.

Notwithstanding the many failures, there
are also successes. This year is reported by
some as the best year ever known. May it
not come our turn next year '? I think I
never knew a better fall yield, in ray locality,
than the present year. Although it gave me
no surplus, it was still valuable, for it saved
feeding for winter. Now if the bees took a
fresh grip on the harvest, why may they not
do it on the next white honey harvest V

There is also a possibility of increased
acreage of honey plants in the future. Rape,
alfalfa, crimson clover, sweet clover and
perhaps other things are talked of as prom-
ising foraee plants where they are now little
known. Who knows what possibilities there
may be in that direction ?

On the whole, I think I'll not brimstone
my bees yet. "

348

THE BEE-KEEPERS JR,EV1&\.

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

Gleanings has a new humorist, Skylark by
name. Wants us to blow him up, because
an ancestor received the thanks of Congress
for blowing him up in the harbor of Tripoli,
and descendants were advised to follow his
example. As for me I haven't much of an
idea of a skylark that can't get up without
being " blowed up." His - arguments,
moreover, do not sound light and feathery,
as becomes a child of the sky, but more
like those we would expect from a hippopot-
amus. Listen to him about California
matters on page 842 ;

" More than two million pounds of extracted
honey have been sold on this coast this year for
3V^ cents"—

Therefore glucose at two cents on the Mis-
souri river cannot be carried to California
(at a freight charge of 1>2 cents) and mixed
with honey there to any protit. Sounds
conclusive ; but don't tumble too recklessly.
The only sample of California honey I ever
sent for was dark in color, and too queer in
flavor and other characteristics to sell at all.
Perhaps mixing in a fine quality of glucose
would make it sell. At any rate if the
adulteration is actually done it is of small
moment to "we-uns" where it is done.
Once again, prove to the railway magnates
that your freight cannot stand the charge
and a special reduction is not unthinkable.
How about glucose at 1^ cents with freight
reduced to a half cent, and a salable product
made of a previously unsalable one ? When
plausible argument collides well authenti-
cated fact the argument has to give way. It
is quite imaginable that friend Dayton had
such an inside view of things as enabled
him to give us the authentic fact when he
said that half California's product left the
state in an adulterated condition.

Editor Holterman makes a curiously in-
teresting statement in the Nov. No. of the
Canadian— all the more interesting from
being the outcome of meditations on a sick
bed. It applies to conventions, particularly
to those held in Canada —

" Many of our readers have no idea that for
years at almost, every convention there has been
a battlefield, which has disgusted many, who
have decided not to return until a different state
of feelings prevail, or different men attend the
convention. "

The confession is no more remarkable than
is the remedy which friend Holterman
proposes. It is to stop covering up the
squabbles, and report them to the bee-keep-
ing public with relentless truthfu Iness,
until the offenders are shamed into decency,
or their friends shamed into muzzling them
some way. It is hardly necessary to add
that Mr. Holterman has grown some inches
in my estimation by this courageous para-
graph. Perhaps he will esteem it poor pay
for me to say what I am moved to say in
addition. It would help some toward peace
if Canadians would cease trying to get a law
passed for the purpose of persecuting their
neighbors. The sugar-honey law, which
has been offered to two Parliaments in suc-
cession, gives itself away by its wording —
evidently not so much intended for general
enforcement as for a handy club to hit
prominent heretics. Legislate ten years
imprisonment for sneezing, and you have
things in shape so you can put whom you
choose in prison, and leave whom you
choose at large. The act in question is so
draconically worded that the most innocent
bee-beginner in the land could be put in
prison under it, for no greater crime than
feeding sugar to his starving bees to keep
them alive over winter. It is not merely
selling but producing sugar honey that is
made penal: and manifestly every one who
feeds syrup early enough to have it finished
and sealed produces the article.

In Heddon's Quarterly I find that I mark-
ed for use, but think I have not used, the
statement of a queer little kink in regard to
changing from one kind of work to another.
If you begin the season by giving them sur-
plus combs for extracting it is not practical
to change over that season to section honey
— bees pretty sure to sulk and waste time —
but you can take away the sections and give
a super of empty combs for extracting any
time you choose. In other words bees are
not offended by being required to leave ofif
comb building ; but they are offended when
a plentiful supply of empty comb is taken
away and they are suddenly required to
commence comb building. I think this is
about in accord with bee nature as we usu-
ally find it. But if you have an extra-strong
colony and want to grab a little soft maple
honey ( or any other early flow ) by means
of it, I hardly think they would lay up spunk
against you, provided the extra combs were
taken away again a week or two before the
time to put sections on.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

349

Dr. Miller's way of wetting sections, given
in Progressive ;!02. is worth repetition lor
the rest of you. ( Doubtful if I get to try
it, its so wholesale and hit-or-miss. ) Just
take a box of r>00, tear off the two proper
sides of the crate, and mount it edgewise so
you can see under it. Now from a tea-kettle
partly full of boiling water pour a steady
stream the size of a goose (juill, and slowly
travel over the three rows of holes that ap-
pear on top of the stripped package. Time
your effort so iis to have quite a bit of the
water come through and out the bottom.
He says it's lovely.

Mrs. Hallenbeck in Progressive, 200, gives
us a fact pertinent to the blood and origin
of the five banded bees. She had a queen-
less colony of them that raised a batch of
cells. Several of these were saved, and in
due time sent forth young queens. One of
these proved the blackest bee she ever look-
ed upon.

About the danger of getting useless con-
sumers just as the main harvest is over there
is a liability to go too far, as S. E. Miller
points out in Progressive, 192. A bee too
young to go to the fields itself can take the
place of one that is just coming old enough ;
but without the young bee the older one
might have to keep on at in-door work.
Sound as a bell.

Frank Benton of Washington D. C, in
his occasional publication "Bees, " ( repub-
lished Progressive 24(> ) writes quite entic-
ingly on a subject most of us have nearly
given up as hopeless, planting for honey.
He is into it on quite a large scale, furnish-
ing the ground, and using out-of-hours time
on it — doesn't ask Uncle Sam to pay for
this part of his service to apiculture. The
government employe who will do this de-
serves to turn up something. The especi-
ally hopeful part of his work is that given to
plants which furnish both forage for stock
and honey for the bee, such as sulla clover,
serradella clover, and some others. He got
buckwheat to fill when sown in June ; but
having few acres and many bees he has to
admit that not much buckwheat honey was
visible in the hives.

I had written a great lot about E. T. Flan-
agan's attempt to feed back honey and so
stack money, and lo, Review arrives with
the whole thing copied and commented on.

Doolittle in Gleanings «^r)() holds forth on
the same subject. His experiments were

long ago, but he says more recent ones turn-
ed out nearly the same. While Flanagan
got more than half of his honey into the
desired shape Doolittle in getting Vl}4
pounds there, fed 42 pounds. At pulling
out foundation and storing honey in it the
result was still worse ; to get i:^ pounds of
the finished product 184 pounds had to be
fed. In this case there were 49,^2 pounds of
unfinished sections. The other 71,^2 pounds
were either stored elsewhere, or eaten, or
wasted, or due to the chemical loss incident
to rectifying. Who knows what does become
of all this honey? At building comb with-
out foundation fid storing honey in it noth-
ing was finished at all. Doolittle's climate
is cooler than Flanagan's, and his bees are
pretty deeply Italians, circumstances quite
sufficient to account for his worse results.
The following is my condensation of the
chapter on feeding back in Advanced Bee
Culture.

1. Early — between basswood and fall flow.

2. Simon pure blacks if you can get them.
?>. First put the cases on other hives awhile :

then carry them bees and all to the se-
lected colonies.

4. Have not niore than five combs below —
and they not old black ones, else your
sections will show color.

5. Use the new Heddon feeder.

C. One quart of boiling water to ten
poinds of hin^y.

7. The first feed must be given at dusk ;
but afterward this is not absolutely
necessary.

8. Hard to make them finish capping.
Intermit and taper off the feeding ; or,
better yet, interpose a case with plenty
of empty comb between the cases and-
the feeder.

9. After a while they will plaster wax
around unless allowed to build some
comb.

10. Except to prevent wax daubing, and
to hasten capping, it never seems prof-
itable to have the comb built outright
when feeding back.

11. At best this kind of product is a little
oflf flavor, and candies in the comb
worse than ordinary section honey.

12. It may be called good ( backed by an
experience of 18,000 pounds ) if three
pounds extracted make two pounds of
comb ; but it has been done at the rate
of four pounds from five.

350

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW-

H. C. Osborne in the American Bee
Keeper, page 289, warns against making the
entrance too small when a colony is strug-
gling against an attack by robbers. Practi-
cally the same thing as shutting the hive up
tight, and speedily reduces the defenders to
such a state of panic that there is no more
fight in them Guess he is right. I have
found a big apiary-sheet thrown over the
hive, and quickly turned the other side up
every few minutes, the best first move in a
bad case. If this is done skillfully very few
robbers succeed in getting in, and all that
will come out are soon outside. Then you
are ready to adopt what further means you
deem best. Practically most robbing afifairs
result from opening hives ; and the apiarist,
if he knows his biz, will usually see what is
going on soon enough to stop it by the con-
venient piling up of wet grass or hay.

Here is a strong sentence from J. E. Pond,
found on page 209 of the American Bee-
Keeper ;

" Any preparation in the fall that will allow a
colony to hold its cluster, and still be able to
reach its stores will enable.it to live through
any degree of cold that I liave ever known in my
locality ; and 20 degrees below zero F. is not un-
common. ■'

Doolittle's method of filling combs for
feeding bees, given in the American Bee-
Keeper 2^\r>, is especially worthy of atten-
tion— all the more so as that style of feed-
ing is quite off the ordinary track. I feel
quite impressed with the idea that the gen-
eral adoption of comb feeding, and a rele-
gation of the feeders to the rubbish heap
would be a decided gain to the fraternity.
And I would by no means except the case
where a lot of colonies have to be fed for
winter. I rarely feed at all ; but when I do
this has long been my way of doing it. An-
other method of filling has been published
which friend Doolittle does not allude to
( and which I have never tried ) which strikes
me as likely to prove one of the best. Sub-
merge the empty combs in warm honey ;and
rub the honey in ( or rather rub the air out )
with the hand. Whether the comb should
be horizontal with the honey an inch or so
deep over it while the air is rubbed away,
or whether a deep utensil like a wash boiler
should be used, in which the comb could
stand vertically during the process, I am
not able to tell. Possibly a little implement
like a tiny hoe would carry off the bubbles
of air better than the hand. Little streams
falling a foot or so formed the basis of the
Doolittle methods.

Nature inclines to render abortive organs
that are not used ; and this is a standard
argument against clipping. Dr. Miller
makes an unusual and forcible rejoinder on
page .599 of the American Bee Journal. He
asks how about the case where a queen lives
three years without once using her wings,
would cutting the wings away render the
disuse any more complete? Although I am
a fanatical anti-clipper I don't think the
danger in this direction is very great. I
understand that in many species of ants and
termites the workers themselves remove the
queens' wings as soon as they become fertile
— and you know Dr. Franklin gave up his
six-weeks-old doctrine that it was wicked to
eat fish when he observed that fishes ate
each other — and he smelled the tempting
odor of fishes browning in the spider.

I failed to notice friend York's disclaimer
of the A. B. J. losing any part of its inde-
pendence, else most likely I should not have
written the inquisitive part of last View.
See A. B. J. page G20.

Auent the controversy of large brood
chamber versus small ditto, Langstroth, in
one of the last articles of his life, puts him-
selfs pretty decidedly on the side of large
hives for extracting — not merely ten frame
hives but thirteen frames. A. B. J. fiSl.

In Query 990 of the A. B. J., page 643, the
questioner wants to know about the safety
of letting the queens fight it out when col-
onies are united. It of course occurs to an
intelligent beginner that both might be kill-
ed, or the survivor seriously injured. About
1.') out of 2() give answers that show that they
think the danger either slight or non-exis-
tent. None give evidence of any serious
percentage of colonies so united turning up
queenless. Several speak of the danger
that both queens might be balled aud killed,
or one killed and the other injured. Quite
likely that danger should be kept in mind in
spring and summer : but in the fall, with
the uniting properly done, it ought not to
occur. It has long been a " notion " in my
mind that fall unitirg furnishes about the
only way we have to discover which of
several queens is really the best— best queen
sure to be the first one to get infuriated ;and
her antagonists are stung and dead before
they get their fighting trousers on. I like
to unite a half dozen or more colonies into
one great one with just this object in view,
to discover an extra nice queen.
Richards, Ohio. Dec. 4th 189.5,

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

351

A Good Companion.

A companion, evor (lpli«litful and ever wel-
come, is found in Thk Voinu.s CoMrANiON,
established IS'.'T, yot growing more vigorous each
year. Its Announcements for the coming twelve
months are well worth reading Never before
have titty two such treats as The ('ompanion
has in store for its readers daring is;t6 been
provided by a single publication in a single year.

The remarkable weekly circulation of The
CoMPANio.N testifies to the general appreciaiion
of its worth, to the pure and elevated tone of
every thing it prints, as well as of its thrilling
interest for boy and girl, father and mother.
alike. Every subject likely to interest the vari-

ous members of the family is treated by the
best writers of the day.

Triose who make the acquaintance of The
Youth's Companion for the first time this year
will find that this veteran among publications is
indeed a companion, entertaining, instructive,
generous and healthful. Those wlio for many
years have received its weekly visits will find in
it an old and true friend, more welcome than
ever.

To all new and renewing subscribers. The
Companion sends free its handsome four-page
calendar for 1896. The four seasons have been
appropriately pictured in water colors, repro-
duced by lithography, size of each page 7x10 in-
ches Address The Youth's Companion, 195
(^olumbus Avenue, Boston.

Gcperz^i Index to Volun)e VIU.

INDB2C TO SXJBJEOTS.

Advertising needs Attention 71

Air as a ('onductor of heat 133

American Bee Journal 10

Amalgamation of the North American and the

Bee Keepers' Union 199, 206 229, 236, 293,

320.
Amalgamation not Desirable as the two

Societies are of a Different Nature . 230
Amalgamation, Report of the ("ommittee on, 320

Apjf uge . . 205

Apis Dorsata Wanted, is, . 26.i

Apis Dorsata Might be of Value in this Country

132.

Artificial Increase of Colonies 200

Associations, Co-Operative 162

Basswood from the Seed, (irowing 239

Bee Keeping of the Future, Differ from that of

the Past, Will the, 13

Bee Keeping of the Future, 13,72

Bees, Management necessary for Securing tfie

best l-'4

BinghamT, F. 317

Box Hives as Breeders, Keeping Bees in Large

208.
Brood Chamber, the part that Locality Plays in

Deciding upon the best size Cor the 38

Candy for Queen Cages.... 170

Catchers and the use to Which they may be put.

Swarm 195

California Honey Market 317

Canadian Bee Journal 317

Class Journalism 73

Conser Hive 6.3

Covers, Hive 169

Color in Italian Bees and What it Indicates. 293
Comb Honey, the best and Surest way of Secur-
ing a Crop of 170,290

Comb than Extracted Honey, Why there is more

Profit in Raising 9G

Combs, Size and Shape of 45

Conditions that Bee Keepers Will be Compelled

to meet, . . . . 35

Commission men (live Quotations on Honey, In

What way shall 129

Condensed View of t'urrent Bee Writings. 31, 48,

76. 104, 138, 174, 310, 240, 268, 296, 324.

Crimson Clover :235, 266, 267

Crimson Clover is not a success in Mich 266

Cuba, Bee Keeping in 10

Dead Air Space ._ 501

Discussions, ("utting off 288

Divisible, Brood-Chamber Hive. B. Taylor De-
fends and Explains his Position Regarding

the . 160

Drone Comb, Swarms Building 169

Economy of the Hive 227

Editor, Versatility of the 133

Escapes, Bee 11,209,312

Escapes for Removing Combs, Smoke and Ma-
nipulation Better than 209

Experiment Stations, how Bee-Reepers might

Receive More Benefit from 281

Experiment Stations and the Difficulty of Secur-
ing Recognition, Apicultural 18

Festening Foundation in Sections 284

Feeding, Stimulative 6

"Feeding Back" 12,132,322

Five-Banded Bees 64

Foul Brood Germs in Foundation 6

Foundations, (^omparision of Section .... 309

Future of Bee Keeping 67

Given Foundation is Brittle, Why 27

Green's J. A. , Marriage 317

Hives, Size of ^ ... 170

Hives and Spring Feeding may Lead to Success,

How Small 136

Heddon Hive, Father Langstroth and the... 317
Hives a Necessity When Bees Gather no Honey

for ten Months, Large 131

Hives of Different Styles and the Conclusions

Drawn from an Experience With Them. . ..39

Hives and the Number of Bees, Small .. ...102

Hives and Their Relation to Non-Swarming and

Out-Door Wintering ... 1 25

Honey Boards, Dispensing With 236, 259

Honey Boards vs. big top Bars ...266

Honey to Gather, If Oops are Grown in the

Future there will also be 65

Honey Knife Sharp, Keeping the 264

Honev Secretion, the Effect of Moisture upon

319.
Hoffman Frames 318

352

THE B^E-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Horrie & Co , C. R 288

House Apiary that is a Success 293

Illness of Oar Daughter 318

Improvements will Enable Specialists iu Bee

Culture to^Romain Such 65

Importing Queens .... . 132

Inventions, Useful Aoarian 282

Invention, who Shall have credit for an 45

Introduction of Queens 158, 208, 291

Journals and the Supply Ti ade, Bee 319

Judging Honey at Fairs 170

Laying Capacity of Queens 75

Langstroth is Dead, Father 289

Less Honey per Colony may be Secured in the

Future bnt Improvements will Lessen the

Cost .43

Locality and the Part that it Plays in Deciding

the best size for a Brood Chamber 38

Locality and the Part it Plays 102

Lysol Curing Foul Brood.. 317

Magazine Article on Bee Keeping ...134

MailingJlQueens Long Distances, Selection of

Workers in 265

Michigan's Experimental Apiary, 5, 12, 33, 63, 90,
• "3119, 155, 189, 227, 255, 281, 309.

Mice in Cellars 11

Mistakes of Bee-Keepers and Bee Journals. . .291

Moisture in Wintering Bees, the effect of 6

Moisture upon Honey Secretion, the Effect of

319.
Moisture and its Relation to the Wintering of

Bees 169

Monopoly in Inventions 43

Mutual Admiration Society ... 205

Nature has Developed in Bees the most Desirable

Characteristics 93

Nineteen Years of Successful Bee Keeping . . .7
North American Devotes too Much Time to

Primary and Dollar and Cent Questions. .191
Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. 69, 127, 165,

202, 233, 262, 286, 310.

Non-Swarming Hive, A 11

North American has Become its Greatest

Attraction, the Social Feature of the. . . 207

NumberinglflHives 235, 259, 265, 285 289

Organization Among Bee Keepers, Factors to be
Observed and Methods to be Followed in Secur-
ing Better 197

Organization Needed Among Bee Keepers, Bet-
ter 171

Organization, Necessity for 260

Organization of Bee Keepers Needed for their

best Interests, a Thorough Practical ...230
Out-Door Wintering of Bees, Requisities for the

Successful . .313

Organization, the Class of Bee Keepers Needed

in Perfecting . . . 192

Ontario Bee Keepers' Convention .15

Packing of Bees, Spring 189

Package in which to Retail Extracted Honey,

Necessity for a Cheap — 102

Patents, Objections and Difficulties in Regard to

Making ('laims against 98

Patents, Rights of a 101

Paralysis, Bee ..11,121

Paralysis, ('auses and Treatment of 46

Paralysis Not ('ontagious but Hereditary— Salt

an Apparent Cure .. .67

Paralysis the Result of In-Breeding Aided by

Climatic C'onditions, Bee 99

Photographs of Honey Plants 170

Possibilities of Vi Acre of Land 312

Protection, Spring ._ 206

Preventives and Management of Swarming. . .33

Pringle's Essay on Education 72

Quarterly Heddon's 317

Queen or the Beee in Determining the Amount

of Brood, which has the Greatest Influence

the 130

Queens may be too Prolific or Prolific at the

Wrong time 174

Queen Rearing 205

Queens from the Egg, Reariilg 95

Registers, Honey 289

Ro-Queening an Apiary, Cheap, easy and Quick
MethodoF 7

Selling Honey 290

Section Boxes 312

Section Holder vs. T, Supers 205

Sections, Folding 205

Size and Shape of Brood Nests 235

Size of Brood Nest and Locality 239

Size of Hives and Prolificness in Queens . . 173
Side-Issue, Is Bee Keeping Becoming a ..135
Small Hives are the Most Profitable, Why. 73
Specialty or a Side-Issue, Shall Bee Keeping be a

238.
Specialty and the Future of Bee Keeping — 133

Specialist, a Word in Favor of the 135

Specialists Will be Compelled to go to the
Flowers or make of Bee Keeping a Side-
issue ... . . 42

Starved Brood in a hive Containing Plenty of

Stores 267

Sugar Candy for Winter Stores 45

Sugar Cakes and the Winter Problem 163

Swarming, Prevention and Management of. .33

Swarming, Management of 63

Swarming, Non ..125

Swarming, Prevention of 169

Taylor B. and the Heddon Hive 192

Taylor is Asked to do More Talking, Experi-

mentor 209

Toronto (Convention ... ..290

Twenty-flve Years of Experiments in Bee Keep-
ing 8

Uniting Bees 267

Uniting Weak Colonies 132

Union Show up Frauds and Swindlers, Shall the

Bee Keepers' 163

Veil, Doing without a 235

Weighing Colonies 169

Winter Experiments 91,119,155

Wintering, Symposium on 322

Wintering, Out-Door 125

Yellow Bees not an Imqrovement 93

Yellow Bees not the Equal of the Darker Va-

ieties. the Bright 19

Yellow Bees do not Always Contain Cyprian
Blood and may be Gentle and Good Workers,
All 20

Mex to CorresDOienls.

Abbott E. T. 163, 20S.

Aikin R. C 42, 96

Aspinwall L. A 65, 125, 158, 200,

Averill B. F

Bingham T.F

Boardman H. R

CasB J B 163,

Clarke Wm. F

Crane J. E

Davenport C — . . 136,

Dayton C. W • • ■ •

DaggittA. E

DadantC. P 37

Deadman G. A ■

Doolittle G. M 20, 35, 75, 174

"Enthusiastic" 7,

Flanagan E. T 135,

FordT. 8

Gates Jno. F

Getaz Adrain

Hand J. E .

Hasty E E., 21, 48, 76, 104, 138, 174, 210, 240,
296, 324.

Heddon Jas 46 98,192,

LambW. E

Marks W.F

Mason A. B

McKnightR

McEvoy Wm

Miller C. C

Millers. E

Newman T. G

Norman Chas

Pettit S.T

Pringle .\llen

Quigley E. F

229
,102
313

99
.43
.73
230
,191
.38
173
284
260
, 65

43
267
131
322
121
208
..46
239
268

238
285
162
256
.201
.257
269
.19
199
..95
209
.197
...7

:iii'. iiEE-Kh;EPJb:RS KtJVit^w.

353

Root K. K

Salisbury F. A
Socor KuKoiie . .

ShoaJ. A

Taylor H.

209, 322
.... 293
....'203
....129
S. 39, 93. 133, 160, 195. 282, .12

Taylor K. L , 5, IS, 33.(53, 91, 119, 1.55. 189, 227, 255

281, 309.
Thompson F. L., 69, 127, 130, 1(55,202, 233, 262, 286

310.

Bees Scooped !

I have at last eucceedod in buying all tlio bees
within tYi miles of my lioinc ai)iary, except five
colonies, and these 1 have Italianized and have
permission to control their drones. This prac-
tically gives mo a clear field for breeding pure
Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's
experience in breeding and experimenting with
Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for
business" from my own importations and Doo-
little's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift.

One colony of Italians in single story, S-frame,
D. 'I', hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, $27.50 ; 10 colonies,
,50 00; one frame nucleus, $1,('U; two frame,
1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to
the above. During March and April, one tested
qi>ia. 2.00. Select tested queen, $3 00. After
May Ist, one tested queen. |l 50; 3 for $4.00; 6
for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens
as early as the season will permit of their being
reared, one for $1 00 ; 3 for $2.25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 12
for $6 75. I have over UX) tested queens reared
last summer and fall that will be taken from full
colonies tf) fill extra early orders.

(jontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan-
tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them
with tested or untested Italian queens on reason-
able terms.

2 95 12

JOHN /n- DAVIS,

Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FODIATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat Bottom FoniKlatlou

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN UKUSKN & SON.S,

(SOLE MANUFAOTORERS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING

FOR 1896.

Rich and rare is the Bill of Fare,

The caterer is about to fix.
And the Table of (Contents to prepare,

Of (iood Housekeeping for '96.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

$2.(K) a year : $1.00 for six months ; .50 for three
months ; the latter concession being made in
order to introduce (iood Houskeeping as widely
as possible into homes where it has not been
known, its business history having demonstra-
ted that it holds well its place, wherever it once
gets a foothold.

For $2.25. (iood Housekeeping for one year,
and " Catherine Owen's celebrated New Cook
Book" oilcloth binding, will be sent, postpaid.

For $3.00, Good Housekeeping and "Miss
Parloa's Kitchen Companion, " $2.50, 966 pp,.
the largest and best work of its distinguished
author.

This gives a rare opportunity to secure the
best work of two of (iood Housekeeping's old-
time and favorite contributors— books of rare
value, widely recognized and commended, both
for their domestic and literary merits and
excellence.
CLARK W. BRY.XN & CO., Springfield, Mass.

12 95 3t Please mention thi Retieui.

If the Review is mentioned when answer-
ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor
is conferred upon both the publisher and the
advertiser. It helps the former by raising
his journal in the estimation of the adverti-
ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to
which advertising mediums are most profit-
able. If you would help the Review be sure
and say " I saw your ad in the Review."

ALL READY FOR 1896.

.\ppreciating the advantages for securing basswood lumber, and the s{)lendid sliipping facilities
of Marshfleld, we have established a factory for the manufacture of

Orie - DPiece 3ectio2::i.s-

We have all of the new and up-to-date macliinery for the manufacture of one-piece sections.
We also have a saw mill in connection with our factory, and saw our own lumber, thus enabling us
to secure the finest material at the lowest price. We guarantee satisfaction in every particular.
Write us for prices before purchasing rlscwliprc. as we can make it an ol).iect to you to give us your
trade: Sample section free. MARSHFIELD Mfg. CO., Marshfleld. Wis.

12-94— tf Please mention the Heview.

354

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW,

ECTIONS, 8EE ilVES AND SHIPPING CASES.

We make a Specialty of these Goods and defy Competition in
QTJ-A-lLiITY", 'WOR.ICl^^^ftuDSrSIIIF a-nd FK,IOE3S.

'^ Write for free illustrated Catalogue and Price List. 7-95-tf

G. B. LiEWlS CO., Watet^touun, Wisconsin.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

••"'Vc^^lY.- Combined

This cut represents our
Circular and

Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for

' >' S.T" " 'f-^M \i Bee Keepers' use in the
/ k.^ - if~I g construction of their hives,
P--' "^<^- 'IL^ sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-16t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PKIOKS, ETC.,

Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

Please mention the Review.

W. H. BRIGHT'S

CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing
needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec-
tions, spraying pumps and Briglit's comb foun-
dation, sold at bottom prices. Sond for one
fiee.

WM. H. BRmHT,
l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Feuiew.

\ 580 • Colonies i

Will be the number with which
I shall begin the season of 1866.
Enough will be used for queen
rearing and nuclei to meet my
growing trade. The remainder
will be run for comb and ex-
tracted honey.

The A. I. Root Co.'s supplies
at their prices with 50 cts. per
100 lbs. added to cover car load
freight.

W.O. VICTOR, Wharton, Texas.

— If you are going to —

BIJY a BIJXZ - SAW,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by tolling you the price at
which ho would sell it.

Largest Factory in the West.

COMPLETE STOCK.

Good Supplies and Lio'w Prices, t)ur Motto
, We are here to serve you and will if you give us a chance. Catalogue Free. Adderss,

LEAHY /«\Af«UPaCTURiyHG CO., Hi«>">'insvill«, r\o.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

355

Life:'

Why it is best of all, and all about how
to make and use it, in a 22 page pamphlet,
free on application.

DOWAGIAO, MiOH.

Please mention the Reuiew.

Muth's ::

lEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
>Id-Blast Smokers
S^u&re GIz^ss Hooey J^<■r^, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

7-94-tf. PleasP- Mention the Reuiew.

*^ /| It f ^J. /I /|^ Bee - Keepers, save
rKr^iyi^rK^ freieht by buying
supplies of Henry L. Miller, (successor to Miller
& Dunham) Topeka, Kan.

Write for catalogue, also free copy of his pa-
per the RURAL. KANSAN-ahont Bees,
Horticulture, Poultry, Live Stock, Ths Aome,
etc.

Please mention the Review

QQiaQQfaiaQiaiaQtaicuiQiQiaaiaasiiaQiciaaia

Names of Bee - Keepers.

TYPE WRITTEN.

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
$2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

A Q 11 /• To my customers and friends :

I /\ V4 ■% Please remember that W. H.

I ll if II Laws is again headquarters for
Italian queens. 1 breed nothing
but large, well-developed queens, either Golden
or Leather-colored. My Golden strain is from
Doolittle's original ONE hdndbed dollar queen
sent me after he liad reared over 1,000 queens
from her. For business and beauty, my bees are
unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for
$4..50. Tested, $1.25. Breeders, $-i to $4. Ad-
dress

4-95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark.

Please men..zn the Review,

Direft-Draft Perfect

BINGHAM

Bee Smoker

PRICES

OF

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knife.

Patented May 20. 1870.

BIN&HAM

Perfect Bee-Smoker and Honef Knives,

PATENTED 1878, 1882 AND 1892.

doctor -31/2 inch Stove, per 3, $2,7.i--Mail, $1..W

Conqueror 3 " " " .. 1.50- " 1.10

Large :^j^ " " " .. 188- " 1.00

Plain 2 •' " " 119— " .70

Little Wonder .. .1% " " " .. 8.'— " .HO

Honey Knife ... " " " .. ■ 1.75— " .80

BEST ON EARTH.
The three larger sizes have extra wide shields and double
coiled steel wire handles. These SHIELDS and H.WDLES are
an .VM.VZlN(i COMFORT-always cool and clean. The Plain
and Little Wonder have narrow shields and wire handles . All Bingham Smokers for 1895 have all the
new improvements, viz : Direct Draft, Bent Cap, Wire Handles, Inverted Bellows, and are ABSO-
LUTELY PERFECT. All genuine Bingham Knives and Bee-Smokers are stamped with date of
patent. Circulars sent free.

'"' " T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, Michigan.

»56

THE BKK-KEKl^EKS- HKVlEVv

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no su[)erior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, illS.

--^1 lai 4-94-l2t Please mention the Rei

I

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate; and dheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 9r).12t Indianapolis, Ind.

WHAT'S ^J

THE USE OF
KEEPING BEES

Ifyoudonotsell the honey? That's what we
are here for. (let our high prices before selling.
C. R. HORRIE & CO., co;i mission mei-
chants, 224 So. Water St., Chicago. Ills.

CAMERA "2^.=,

By the way of a "dicker" I have come into
possession of a most excellent .'ixS camera and
tlie accompanying oulfit, that 1 would like to
sell. The ollowingisalistofthe articles and
what they cost when new.

( 'amera and Lens S'-*!i.()0

Tripod 3t)0

Plate holders (three at $1.50 each) 4.50

Pneumatic Shutter 4.50

Focusing Cloth 35

Loveloping Tray 75

Fixingbath 45

(Iraduate ... ^^

Inside Kit for making 4x5's )lh

The following books :

Pictorial Effect in Photography 1..50

Photograpic Instructor 1.50

Pictuie Making by Photography 1 .00

Total $4:i.fr)

Everything is in strictly iirst class condition,
just exactly as good as new, but I got the out-
fit at a bargain, and am willing to sell it at the
same, if I can get it int.) cjish. $20-00 will
buy the entire outfit . I have iihcu thu iustu-
mont enough to know that it will do excellent
work— in fact, 1 will send a Haniple of the Work
to anyone who really wishes to hii.v

W. Z. IIUTCUINSON, Flint, Mioh.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

iipi

Have it Doqe at the Review.

5 Cenls Per Poond Off"

On Hunt's Foundation for the balance of the
season.

Root.s Shipping Cases for comb honey at his
prices. All other goods at reduced prices.
8-95-tf M. H. HUNT, Boll Branch, Mich.

Ph

nention tht' Rt'

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, matle by C. W.
Costellow. and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

The Southland Oueen.

You ought to know what yon are missing, by
not reading the Southland Queen, the only bee-
journal published in the south, and the only
bee keepers' school known is taught through its
columns by that WORLD RENOWNED teacher
Mrs. Jennie Atchley. How to raise queens, bees,
and honey, and in fact how to make bee-ktep-
ing a success is taught in the school. One sin-
gle copy is worth more to beginners than the
subscription price for a year, $1.U0. .\ steam
hee-hive factory, and all bee-supplies. You all
know where to make arrangements for your
queens and bees for '!•(>. If you don't, send to us
for a free catalog, that tells ;ill about queen
rearing, and a isamole journal

THE JENNIE ATOHLEY CO.,

12-95-tf

Beeville, Bee Co. Texas.

Please mention the Reuiew.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

357

>iCS^.-^^^s^';^^^?^\^ri«^^^s^^:<^^r<^^:^^\<^^t;^^^,<^^^

i

CANADIAN

bee - keepers will find it to their interest to buy
their supplien of the Goold, Shapley & Muir Co.,
•;< of Brantford, Out., Canada. C'ircular free. This firm also publishes a bright,
•^ pi'Ogressive, illuHtratoii inontl)ly CS C" CT journal at $1,00 per year. Sain-
yf. pies free. Italian (jueeus from tli(» ^^ limm tmmm fiunst strain of bees in the country
!'• can be furnished in May at $1.00 each for untested, and $2.tK» each for tested. In
^ June, untested, 7.5 cf.s , testeil. Sl.liO. l-tenieniber, the l^^l I^^IK.1 i\ I

y, and the queens go to the United States free from duty. iJ \J imJ IX 111 A\ Lm

4

3 - Frame Nucleus and Italian

Cniested queens, 75 cts ; Six for 83.50.

Discount on quantities.

Full^Line^of ^Supplies .

Circular free. I. J. STHINGHAM,

2-95-tf 105 Park Place, New York City.

Phase mention the Review.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send f 1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee- Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Phase mention the Review.

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur
Bee-Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse.
Price 25c., by mail 28c. The little book and the
Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28
page monthly journal) one year 65c. Address.
any first-class dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G. CO.. Hiqginsville. Mo...

Please mention the Review

Ulnstrated Adverllsfimenis Attract Attention.

Cuts Fnrnlsned for all lllnstratlnE Purposes.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip-top order, and can

till orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

Jan. 1st, 1894.

J. pOI^flCtlOOI^ 8l CO.,

Water town, Wis.

Pha?" mention *he Review.

— If you wish the best, low-dprice —

TYPE - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

RIPA-N-S

The modern stand-
ard Family Medi-
cine : Cures the
common every-day
ills of humanity.

358 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

':•■^•/•J'/•;>:■•^■^■••^;:*:>"V••^;••:•• ••;■•■• ■.••••'•w/••^;:•:■•^^

I ^\)^B^ Bro5. Piapo ?o., |

/T\aoufa(;turers of

^)^/^SE Bl^05. ai>d li/^QKUV

pi/^flOS!

Bijy Direct ai^d 53v/e Dealers' profits apd

>l?l

p^e^ts' (^om/T)issioQS.

11

^/? Muskegon, Chicago, M

M Mich. Illinois. 18

y*?i

:i'VVi|>it! ! ■v-lt

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iiii

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