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LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

no.66G - 99

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE

Diabrotica longicornis (Say), and the

Diabrotica virgifera LeConte
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae )

W.H. Luckmann - H.C. Chiang - E. E. Ortman - Martha P. Nichols

Biological Notes No. 90

ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY
Urbana, Illinois — April, 1974

STATE OF ILLINOIS

Department of Registration and Education

Natural History Survey Division

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1966
1970

Distribution of the Western Corn Rootworm
Diabrotica virgifera

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1970

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM
AND THE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM

W.H. Luckmann, H. C. Chiang, E. E. Ortman, and Martha P. Nichols

THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY is limited to papers dealing with
the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis
(Say), and the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica
virgifera LeConte. The 426 titles in the present list were
obtained primarily from standard reference sources and
the personal files of the authors.

The northern corn rootworm and the western corn
rootworm are major pests of corn in the corn belt region
of north-central USA. Distribution extends beyond this
area, but damage by the larva is usually negligible south
of latitude 30° N. The northern corn rootworm is most
abundant in North America in an area roughly extending
from latitude 37° to 45° N and longitude 80° to 100° W.
The western corn rootworm is dispersing to the east and
it is currently most abundant in an area roughly extending
from latitude 40° to 45° N and longitude 85° to 105° W.
Numerous isolated infestations of each species occur be-
yond these general boundaries south to the Mexican
border and into Ontario, Canada, with new infestations
reported each year. The two species are indigenous to
North America.

The western corn rootworm is a product of modern
agriculture. It intensified as a problem in irrigated corn
in Nebraska about 30-40 years ago. Up to 1955, the
‘western corn rootworm was found only in Nebraska and
portions of Colorado, Kansas, South Dakota, and western
Towa. Since then it has moved eastward and northward
into major corn-producing states. It developed resistance
to the cyclodiene soil insecticides in the 1950’s and the
distribution of the resistant strain expanded northward
and eastward.

The biology and behavior of the two species are very
similar. In nature, corn is probably the only host, though
it has been shown experimentally that the immatures of
both species can develop to varying degrees on certain
other species of grasses. Adults feed on the pollen, silks,
and kernels of corn and on the fruiting structures of many
jother plants, including weeds.

The northern and the western corn rootworms have
‘only one generation per year. Most eggs are laid in August
iin the soil in cornfields. The eggs are usually concentrated
jin the rows at the base of the corn plants in nonirrigated
‘fields and between rows in fields with irrigation. Most
yeggs of the northern corn rootworm will be deposited in
ihe upper few inches of soil. Ovipositional behavior of
he western corn rootworm is slightly different, as females
Pviposit many of their eggs between the plant rows and

}

This suet in the Biological Notes series, is published with special project
junds. Dr. W. H. Luckmann is head of the Section of Economic Entomology
it the Illinois Natural History Survey, and Professor, Illinois Agricultural
“Xperiment Station. Dr. H. C. Chiang is a Professor of Entomology at the
‘Jniversity of Minnesota. Dr. E. E. Ortman is Head of the Department of
Vntomology, Purdue University. Martha P. Nichols is a Research Associate,
jAternational Programs and Studies, University of Illinois.

eggs are often deposited at a greater depth in the soil.
Following oviposition, eggs develop slightly and diapause
through fall and winter. In the corn belt area of the USA
the eggs begin to hatch in June and the first adults ap-
pear in July. Some eggs will not have hatched by the time
the first adults appear. Thus, the egg stage lasts about 10
months, although, experimentally, a few eggs of the
northern corn rootworm have been shown to go through
two winters.

The larvae feed on corn roots and concentrate near
the base of the plant. The larvae consume the roots,
decreasing nutrition supplied to the ear, and in strong
wind and rain storms plants with moderate to severe
root damage may become lodged. The duration of the
larval plus pupal stages is about 1 month. In laboratory
cages, adult rootworm females will live about 2 months
and oviposit for about 3 weeks, during which time they
will deposit about 300-350 eggs. In the field, adult life
probably does not exceed 5-6 weeks. There is a pre-
oviposition period of 2—2% weeks. Northern corn root-
worms are very difficult to maintain in the laboratory,
and culturing has not been very successful. The western
corn rootworm can be cultured in the laboratory, but the
egg diapause does not permit continuous mass rearing.

The adults may remain for a considerable time in the
field where they emerge. Later they disperse, seeking
pollen in late-maturing fields, alfalfa, and ornamental
plants. Northern corn rootworm adults congregate on
silks and in tips of ears of corn, whereas western corn
rootworm adults have less tendency to congregate and
they will be found on other parts of the plant as well as
the ears. Thus counts made in ear tips will show a pre-
dominance of northern corn rootworm adults, whereas
casual visual counts in the same field and at the same
time show a predominance of western corn rootworm
adults.

Northern corn rootworms and western corn rootworms
live together and have similar habits, and there is some
interaction between the two species. Several researchers
have reported a displacement of the northern corn root-
worm by the western corn rootworm. Interspecific
matings have been observed in the fields, and F, progeny
of crosses were produced in the laboratory. The F, adults
have the phenotype of the western corn rootworm.

Larvae of northern corn rootworms and western corn
rootworms are resistant to the cyclodiene insecticides over
much of their range. Organophosphate and carbamate
soil insecticides applied at planting time are used for
control. Rotating corn with other crops is a positive
means of control. Usually, only the larvae are damaging,
but adults congregating and feeding on fresh silking ears

can interfere with pollination, and in these instances
insecticides are applied for adult control.

The brief introduction above, providing some general
information about the western corn rootworm and the
northern corn rootworm was written to assist the student
and the researcher. All references in the bibliography
were examined, except those preceded by the symbol *.
A “Listing of References by Rootworm Species” has been
included, following the numbered bibliography entries,
so that users of the bibliography will be able to tell readily
which of the numbered papers deal with which species of
corn rootworms. A list of abbreviations used in the
bibliography appears at the end of the paper.

The search of the literature was assisted by Cindy
Leutloff and Susan Jarvis. O. F. Glissendorf, editor, Tli-
nois Natural History Survey, edited the manuscript. Their
collaboration is gratefully acknowledged.

This bibliography is a contribution of the Illinois

Natural History Survey and the Agricultural Experiment Out0 —G. J. Musick
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. ANonymous. 1926/1928. Injurious insects and other 19, _____. 1964. Rootworm resistant to insecticide.
pests. Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta. Dir. Rep. 1926/1928:67-82. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 574:21.

2... 1932/1933. Rootworm control frees corn crop 20. ______. 1966. Crop pests. Egg count determines rox
of costly hazards. Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Annu. Rep. 1932/ worm infestation. Crops & Soils Mag. 18(9) :24-25. :
1933: 138. 21. ______. 1968. Corn rootworm. Farm Quart. 23 (2):

3... 1933/1934. Proper rotation frees corn of illus.
danger from rootworms. Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Annu. Rep. 22. ______. 1968. Rootworms. Double band insecticide

1933/1934: 138.

4, SS 1952. You can control corn rootworm.
Wallaces’ Farmer & Iowa Homestead 77(5) :28.

5... 1953. Prevent damage by corn rootworms.
Wallaces’ Farmer & Iowa Homestead 78(6) : 14.

6, _______. 1953. Science stalks rootworm in the corn belt.
Co-op Grain Quart. 11(4) :49-51. illus.

7. ______. 1953. They stopped corn rootworms. Wallaces’
Farmer & Iowa Homestead 78(21) : 22-23. illus.

8. «1954. Head off those rootworms! Wallaces’
Farmer & Iowa Homestead 79(5) :37. illus.

9... 1954. Heptachlor for corn belt. Farm Chem.
117(12):24, 26. illus.

10, «1954. More about rootworms. Wallaces’
Farmer & Iowa Homestead 79( 22) :11. illus.

11, _____. 1955. Get the jump on rootworms! Wallaces’
Farmer & Iowa Homestead 80(7) :80.

12... «1957. Control corn rootworms. Wallaces’
Farmer & Iowa Homestead 82(8) :74-75.

13. _____. 1961. Apply chemicals this winter for 1962

com rootworms? Wallaces’ Farmer & Iowa Homestead
86(22):21.

14, __ 1961. Corn rootworm building up resistance to
chemical killers. Wallaces’ Farmer & Iowa Homestead
86(16) :40.

15. «1961. Stop damage from corn rootworms.
Wallaces’ Farmer & Iowa Homestead 86(6) :64. illus.

16. __. 1962. Rootworm control for 1962. Wallaces’

Farmer & Iowa Homestead 87(7) :44. illus.
17, _._.. 1963. Concern over corn insect damage.
Wallaces’ Farmer & Iowa Homestead 88(14) :32.
18... - 1963. Resistant rootworms reported for first
time in Kansas. Agr. Chem. 18(4) :88.

Stations of the University of Illinois, the University
Minnesota, and Purdue University in cooperation wit
USDA Cooperative States Research Project “Soil A
pods 316-15-97” and USEPA project “Bionomics 2
Management of Soil Arthropod Pests 802547-5.”
erating institutions and principal state investigators i
these projects are listed below:

Missouri — M. L. Fairchild, Principal Investigate
CSRS and USEPA Projects
A. J. Keaster

InpIANA — E. E. Ortman, Coordinator Corn Soil
sects Research
F. T. Turpin
Inunotis — W. H. Luckmann
Iowa — J. CG. Owens

Nesraska—Z. B. Mayo

treated fertilizer for com rootworm control. Crops é
Soils Mag. 20(7) :29.

23, _______. 1969. Furadan receives rootworm label. 4
Chem. 24(4) :45. illus.

24, «1971. Young Iowan uses math formulas
unlock rootworm problems. Agr. Chem. 26(3) :20, 31.

25. Armvsur, G. G. 1914. The westem com root worm. J
Econ. Entomol. 7(4) :322-324.

26. AnpERson, R. 1953. Chemicals pay off on com
worm. Farm J. 77(35) :35, 158. illus.

27. AppLe, J. W. 1957. Insecticide in fertilizer kills
worms. Hoard’s Dairyman 102:423. illus.

28. _____. 1957. Reduced dosages of insecticides for cor
rootworm control. J. Econ. Entomol. 50(1) :28-30. i
refs.

29, ______. 1960. Granular insecticides in the row for sO

insect control on corn. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol.
Amer. 15:86-89. illus. refs.

30. . 1961. Appraisal of insecticidal granules in
row against damage by the northern corn rootworm.
Econ. Entomol. 54(5) :833-836. illus. refs.

Slee _. 1961. Control of soil insects with A
insecticides. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agr. Eng. 4(2):175-176
178. refs.

32, ______. 1961. Physical characteristics for granula
insecticides for rootworm control. Proc. N. Cent.
Entomol. Soc. Amer. 16:30-31. illus.

ook . 1961. Rootworms keep chewing. Hoard
Dairyman 106:365. illus.

34, _______. 1962. Insecticidal granules in the row against

the northern corn rootworm. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entome
Soc. Amer. 17:43-44. illus. refs.
. (1962. Insecticides and corn culture. Pre
Annu. Hybrid Corn Ind.-Res. Conf. 17: 69-84. illus, ref

wo
ou

36.

]

37.
38.

) as

#1.
42.

RE

1964. Northern rootworm crisis. Hoard’s

Dairyman 109:554. illus. maps.
_____.. 1968. Cor rootworm insecticides in starter-
fertilizer. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 23(1) :
17-18.

_______. 1968. Corn rootworm insecticides in starter-
fertilizer. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 23(2) :
105-107. illus. refs.

1971. Gains from the use of carbofuran for

northern corn rootworm control. Proc. N. Cent. Br.
Entomol. Soc. Amer. 26: 26-28. illus. refs.

, and J. M. Farrer. 1962. Insect observations
in a vegetable garden adjacent to a blacklight insect
trap. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 17:41.
illus.

______, and K. K.. Pater. 1963. Sequence of attack by
northern corn rootworms on the crown roots of corn.
Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 18:80-81. illus.
refs.

_—_______, E. T. Watcensacu, and W. J. Knee. 1969.
Northern corn rootworm control by granular insecticide

application at planting and cultivation time. J. Econ.
Entomol. 62(5) : 1033-1035. illus. refs.
and . 1971. Thermal re-

quirements for northem com rootworm egg hatch. J.
Econ. Entomol. 64(4) :853-856. illus. refs.

. AryEo, W. T., G. T. Wreexman, and D. E. Lawson.

1964. The identification of Diabrotica species by chorion
sculpturing. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 37(1):9-11. illus.

. Barr, H. J. 1955. Corn rootworm control. Proc. N. Cent.

Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 10:13.

—_. 1956. Corn rootworm control for surface-
planted and listed corn. J. Econ. Entomol. 49(5) :709-
710. illus. refs.
_______.. 1957. On the biology and egg-laying habits of
the western corn rootworm. J. Econ. Entomol. 50(2) :
126-128. illus. refs.

. 1962. Insecticide resistance in adult western
corn rootworms in Nebraska. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol.
Soc. Amer. 17:48. illus.

. 1966. Rootworm alert system. No more sneak
attacks. Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Quart. 13(2) :2. illus.

. 1968. A five-year study of potential western
corn rootworm resistance to diazinon and phorate in
Nebraska. J. Econ. Entomol. 61(2) :496-498. illus. refs.
maps.

. 1968. Potential corn rootworm resistance to
diazinon and phorate in Nebraska. Proc. N. Cent. Br.
Entomol. Soc. Amer. 23(1) :21.

. 1969. Diurnal rhythm of sensitivity to diazinon
in adult western corn rootworms. J. Econ. Entomol.

62(5):1097-1098. illus. refs.

_. 1969. Topical toxicity of insecticides to
Diabrotica virgifera adults. J. Econ. Entomol. 62(5):
1172-1174. illus. refs.

. 1971. Laboratory observations on the daily
oviposition cycle in the western corn rootworm. J. Econ.
Entomol. 64(5) : 1319-1320. illus. refs.

. 1972. A system for recording activity of small
insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 65(1): 129-132. illus. refs.

. 1973. Western corn rootworm: A ten-year
study of potential resistance to diazinon and phorate in
Nebraska. J. Econ. Entomol. 66(5):1015-1018. illus.
refs.

_, and M. F. B. Cuaupuury. 1973. A sex at-
tractant of the western corn rootworm. J. Econ. Entomol.

66(5):1051-1053. illus. refs.

61.

62.

63.

64.

80.

________, and R. E. Hm. 1952/1953. You can control
corn rootworm. Nebr. Exp. Sta. Quart. 1(3) :3-4. illus.

, and G. T. WrerekMan. 1962. Insecticide re-
sistance in the adult western corn rootworm in Nebraska.

J. Econ. Entomol. 55 (4) :439-441. illus. refs.

, and ________. 1962. Western corn rootworm
resistance in Nebraska. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 8(3):
166.

, and . 1963. Differential resistance of
corn rootworms to insecticides in Nebraska and adjoining
states. J. Econ. Entomol. 56(5) :553-555. illus. refs. maps.

, and . 1963. Resistance of corn root-
worms to insecticides in Nebraska and adjoining states.
Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 18:82.

Barper, H. S. 1947. Diabrotica and two new genera
(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash.
49(6):151-161. illus.

Barton, H. E. 1969. Artificial diet and diapause studies
on corn rootworms. Ph.D. Diss., Iowa State University.
91 p. illus. refs.

. Berne, B. P. 1971. Pest insects of annual crops in

Canada. Part III: Coleoptera. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can.
78:71-124. refs.

. BerezaA, K. 1970. Northern corn rootworm. Ont. Dep.

Agr. Food Fact Sheet AGDEX 111(622). illus. maps.

. Biccer, J. H. 1932. Short rotation fails to prevent attack

of Diabrotica longicornis Say. J. Econ. Entomol. 25(2) :
196-199. illus. refs.

________. 1943. Insect resistance in com. J. Amer. Soc.
Agron. 35(8) : 689-694. refs.

________. 1960. New aspects in control of soil insects on
corn. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 15:85-86.
illus. refs.

. 1963. Corn rootworm resistance to chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides in Illinois. J. Econ. Entomol.
56(1):118-119. illus.

, and R. A. Brancuarp. 1955. Ecology and
control of soil insects attacking corn in Illinois. J. Econ.
Entomol. 48(3) :255-260. illus.

, and . 1959. Insecticidal control of
underground insects of corn. A report of a 5-year study.
Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 641. 28 p. illus. refs.

—______, and G. C. Decker. 1966. Controlling root-
feeding insects of corn. Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 716.
24 p. illus. refs.

, and W. P. Friinr. 1939. Studies on the effect
of crop rotation on some insects infesting corn roots in
Illinois. J. Econ. Entomol. 32(4) :565-571. illus. refs.

, and H. B. Perry. 1965. Insect infestation of
corn roots in Illinois. Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 704. 8 p.
illus.

76. Briatr, B. D. 1964. Studies of northern corn rootworm

adults resistant to aldrin. Ph.D. Diss., Ohio State Uni-
versity. 41 p. illus. refs.

___, and R. H. Davison. 1966. Susceptibility of
northern corn rootworm adults to aldrin in Ohio. J.
Econ. Entomol. 59(3) :608-610. illus. refs.

me _., C. A. TripLtenorn, and G. W. Ware. 1963.
Aldrin resistance in northern corn rootworm adults in
Ohio, J. Econ. Entomol. 56(6) :894. refs.

. Bovine, A. G. 1927. Description of larvae of the genera

Diabrotica and Phyllobrotica, with a discussion of the
taxonomic validity of the subfamilies Galerucinae and
Halticinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Proc. Entomol.
Soc. Wash. 29(9):193-206. illus. refs.

Branpner, L. 1954. Corn enemy to watch in 1954. Kans.
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on

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Chile

Obt

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ie

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6

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Branson, T. F. 1970. Differential reaction of larvae of
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neae. Ph.D. Diss., South Dakota State University. 88 p.
illus. refs.

. 1971. Resistance in the grass tribe Maydeae to
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, P. L. Guss, and E. E. Ortrman. 1969. Tox-
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, and R. D. Jounson. 1973. Adult western corn
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, and E. E. Orrman. 1966. Host range of larvae
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, and 1967. Fertility of western corn
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, and . 1967. Host range of larvae of
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, and . 1967. Host range of the north-
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, and . 1969. Feeding behavior of lar-
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, and . 1970. The host range of larvae
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________.. 1937. Damage to ears of corn by the corn root-
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Brooks, H. L. 1967. The effect of planting date, irriga-
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1889. On certain injurious insects of the
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_______. 1890, Report on Nebraska insects. U.S. Dep.
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. 1891. Report on Nebraska insects. U.S. Dep.
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Bryson, H. R., D. A. Wirgur, and C. C. BurkHar
1953, The western com rootworm, Diabrotica virgif.
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com rootworm in Kansas in 1953. J. Econ. Entome
47(4) :691-696. illus. refs.

. 1954. Control of injury by westem com
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1955. Band versus broadcast treatment
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—________. 1962. Cor rootworm control results — Kane
sas, 1961. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 17:
46. illus.
________. 1963. Corn rootworm resistance and da
in Kansas — 1962. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol.
Amer. 18:82-83. illus.

, and H. R. Bryson. 1955. Notes on distributie
of the western com rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera Le
in Kansas. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 28(1) :1-3. refs. map

, and M. L. Famrcuip. 1967. Bioassay of field
treated soils to determine bioactivity and movement 6
insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 60(6) : 1602-1610. i
refs.

, and L. irra 1961. Corn rootworm damage

31-32. illus.
Carxrns, C. O., and V. M. Kirk. 1969. Effect of winter
precipitation and temperature on overwintering eggs of
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62(3) :541-543. illus. refs.

, J. W. Matteson, and W. L. Ho
1968. The effect of com silage remov. al on corm roo
oviposition. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc.
Pea} (il) ere)

es: ee
Early cutting of com as a method of reducing po}
tions of corm rootworms. J. Econ. Entomol. 63(3):9
978. illus. refs.

of mating and oviposition by the adult western com root
worm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte. Ph.D. Diss., Uni
versity of Nebraska. 99 p. illus. refs.

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carriers when used for corn rootworm control. Proc. N.
Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 17:48-50. illus. refs.
_______. 1962. Resistant insects meet defeat. Crops &
Soils Mag. 14(8) : 10-11. illus.
_,: 1964. Future of soil insect control on corn in
Nebraska. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 19:
84-85.

. 1965. The corn rootworm situation in Ne-

braska. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 20:63-64.

________, and H. J. Batt. 1963. A portable electrically
operated collecting device. J. Econ. Entomol. 56(5):
708-709. illus. refs.

, and D. E. Lawson. 1963. Adult emergence of
corn rootworms at selected sites in 1962. Proc. N. Cent.
Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 18:99.

and) 19635 Chemical control. tot
rootworms in Nebraska. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc.
Amer. 18:82.

. Wetts, A. L., and G. Guyer. 1964. Control of the north-

ern corn rootworm in Michigan. Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta.
Quart. Bull. 46(4) :518-526. illus. refs.

Wuire, R. E. 1969. Populations of the northem corn
rootworm. Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 19(8) : 112-113. illus.
maps.

Wirz, G., H. C. Cutane, E. T. Hipss, and D. E. Law-
son. 1972. Variations in egg hatch among western and
northern corn rootworms from six midwestern states. J.
Kans. Entomol. Soc. 45(2) : 259-263. illus. refs.
Winpr, G. E. 1969. Evaluation of corn rootworm control
in Kansas in 1968. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc.
Amer. 24(2) :133-134. illus.

. 1971. Temperature effect on development of

western corn rootworm eggs. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.
44(2):185-187. illus. refs.

. Witson, R. L. 1971. A search of plant introductions as a

source of corn rootworm resistance. Ph.D. Diss., Iowa

State University. 142 p. illus. refs.

. Wotr, D. C. 1952. New insecticide treatment that stops

rootworm. Country Gent. 122(12) :26. illus.

H. B. 1965. A resume of soil insect control
studies in southwestern Ontario. Proc. N. Cent. Br.
Entomol. Soc. Amer. 20:161.

. ZEMAN, L. E. 1964. How to cope with new corn root-

worm problems. Successful Farming 62(1) :48-49, 102-

103. illus. maps.

1968. Evaluations of corn root systems
under various environments. Proc. Annu. Hybrid Corn
Ind.-Res. age 23:67-75. illus. refs.

G. J. Musick, and M. L. Farcuirp. 1971. A
method of eoaIDRiie corn strains for tolerance to the
western corn rootworm. J. Econ. Entomol. 64(6) :1514-
1518. illus. refs.

Ls

LISTING OF REFERENCES BY ROOTWORM SPECIES

I. Northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis
(Say)
4, 14, 17, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64,
65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80,
88, 91, 93, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 112,
1145 U6; Ui, WIS OS TAN 22 23s 2a Ib 26 sie
128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142,
143, 145, 147, 148, 154, 155, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 178, 179, 180, 189,
194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 207, 208, 211, 212, 214, 215,
216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 234, 235,
237, 238, 240, 241, 243, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 255,
256, 257, 258, 259, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272,
273, 278, 285, 286, 293, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301,
302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312,
318, 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329,
BIL Bebe Cees Selo weiy BR BREA BER eer Bren oho
346, 347, 348, 349, 352, 353, 354, 355, 357, 358, 359,
361, 363, 364, 369, 370, 371, 372, 374, 375, 376, 377,
378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389,
392, 393, 394, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405,
406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 413, 416, 417, 418, 420, 422,
4235 424.

II. Western
LeConte
1, 4, 14, 17, 18, 21, 23, 28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 42, 44,

corn rootworm, WDiabrotica virgifera

PERIODICAL ABBREVIATIONS

Agr. Chem. — Agricultural Chemicals.

Agr. Tec. Mex. — Agricultura Tecnica en Mexico.

Agrichem. Age —Agrichemical Age.

Agway Coop. — Agway Cooperator.

Amer. Entomol. — American Entomologist.

Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. — Annals of the Entomological So-
ciety of America.

Annu. Rev. Entomol. — Annual Review of Entomology.

Breeder’s Gaz. — Breeder's Gazette.

Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. — Bulletin of the Entomological So-
ciety of America.

Bull. Ill. State Natur. Hist. Surv. — Bulletin of the Illinois State
Natural History Survey.

Can. Entomol. — Canadian Entomologist.

Can. J. Genet. Cytol. — Canadian Journal of Genetics and
Cytology.

Coleopt. Bull. — Coleopterists’ Bulletin.

Colo. State Entomol. Cire.— Colorado State Entomologist
Circular.

Commer. West — Commercial West.

Gonn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Connecticut Agricultural Experi-
ment Station Bulletin.

Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. — Cooperative Economic Insect Report
(USDA).

Co-op Grain Quart. — Co-op Grain Quarterly.

Country Gent. — Country Gentleman.

Crop Qual. Counc. Ext. Conf. Rep. — (Exact source unknown).

Crop Sci. — Crop Science.

Crops & Soils Mag. — Crops and Soils Magazine.

Doane’s Agr. Rep. — Doane’s Agricultural Report.

Entomol. Soc. Ont. Annu. Rep. — Entomological Society of
Ontario Annual Report.

Ext. Serv. Rev. — Extension Service Review.

14

46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59%
60, 61, 62, 64, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89)
90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108,
110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123,
125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 133, 135, 136, 143, 147, 148
149, 152, 153, 154, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 17%
178, 179, 180, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190,
192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203,
205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215,
219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 232, 233
235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 247,
250, 251, 256, 257, 258, 261, 263, 267, 269, 270,
275, 278, 282, 284, 287, 288, 289, 291, 293, 294,
296, 297, 298, 299, 301, 303, 312, 313, 315, 318,
330, 334, 335, 336, 337, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347,
349, 350, 351, 355, 359, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 36
367, 368, 370, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379,
382, 383, 385, 386, 387, 388, 392, 393, 394, 406,
408, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 418, 420, 422, 4
425, 426.

Ill. Diabrotica spp.
2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 22, 24, 26, 3%
45, 69, 92, 113, 120, 134, 140, 144, 146, 150, 151, 156,
157, 175, 181, 182, 184, 201, 210, 230, 231, 245, 2G
253, 260, 262, 265, 266, 274, 276, 277, 279, 280, 281
283, 290, 292, 314, 316, 317, 322, 332, 356, 390, 391,
395, 396, 397, 419, 421. ;

FAO Plant Prot. Bull. — FAO (Food and Agriculture Organi
tion of the United Nations) Plant Protection Bulletin.

Farm Chem. — Farm Chemicals.

Farm J.— Farm Journal.

Farm Quart. — Farm Quarterly.

Folia Entomol. Mex. — Folia Entomologica Mexicana.

Geigy Agr. Chem. — Geigy Agricultural Chemicals.

Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Annu. Rep. — Illinois Agricultural E:
ment Station Annual Report.

Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. —TIllinois Agricultural E
Station Bulletin.

Ill. Dep. Agr. Circ.—TIllinois Department of Agricul
Circular

Ill. State Entomol. Annu. Rep. — Illinois State Entomol
Annual Report.

Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. — Iowa Agricultural Experiment S$
tion Circular.

Iowa Farm Sci. — Iowa Farm Science.

Iowa State Coll, Agr. Ext. Serv. Pamph. — Iowa State Coll
Agricultural Extension Service Pamphlet.

Iowa State Coll. J. Sci.— Iowa State College Journal
Science.

Iowa State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. Pamph. — Iowa State U
versity Cooperative Extension Service Pamphlet.

Irrig. Farmer — (Exact source unknown).

J. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia — Journal of the Academy
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

J. Agr. Food Chem.— Journal of Agricultural and F
Chemistry.

J. Agr. Res. — Journal of Agricultural Research. iT

J i

J

. Amer. Soc. Agron. — Journal of the American Society of
Agronomy.
. Econ. Entomol. — Journal of Economic Entomology.

:

J. Insect Physiol. — Journal of Insect Physiology.
J. Invertebr. Pathol. — Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. — Journal of the Kansas Entomological
Society.
J. Minn. Acad. Sci. — Journal of the Minnesota Academy of
Science.
Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta. Dir. Rep. — Kansas Agricultural Experi-
ment Station Director’s Report.
Kans. Farmer — Kansas Farmer.
Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Kentucky Agricultural Experiment
Station Bulletin.
Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. — Memoirs of the Entomological So-
ciety of Canada
Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta. Quart. Bull. — Michigan Agricultural
Experiment Station Quarterly Bulletin.
Mich. State Bd. Agr. Annu. Rep. — Michigan State Board of
Agriculture Annual Report.
Mich. State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. Ext. Bull. — Michigan State
University Cooperative Extension Service Extension Bulletin.

Minn. Agr. Ext. Fact Sheet Entomol. — (Exact source un-
known).

Minn. Farm Home Sci. — Minnesota Farm and Home Science.

Minn. Sci. — Minnesota Science.

Miss. Ext. Serv. Circ. — Mississippi Extension Service Circular.

Mo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Missouri Agricultural Experiment
Station Bulletin
N. C. Dep. Agr. Bull. — North Carolina Department of Agricul-
ture Bulletin
N. Dak. Farm Res. — North Dakota Farm Research.
Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Annu. Rep. — Nebraska Agricultural Ex-
periment Station Annual Report.
Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Nebraska Agricultural Experiment
Station Bulletin.
Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ext. Circ. — Nebraska Agricultural Ex-
periment Station Extension Circular.
Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Quart. — Nebraska Agricultural Experi-
ment Station Quarterly.
Nebr. Ce Sta. Quart. — Nebraska Experiment Station Quar-
terly
Nebr. Farmer — Nebraska Farmer.
"Nebr. State Bd. Agr. Annu. Rep. — Nebraska State Board of
! Agriculture Annual Report.
Nebr. State Entomol. Bull. — Nebraska State Entomologist
Bulletin.
Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Ohio Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion Bulletin.
Ohio Agr. Res. Develop. Center Res. Circ. — Ohio Agricultural
Research and Development Center Research Circular.
' Ohio Rep. Res. Develop. — Ohio Report on Research and De-
velopment.
Ohio State Univ. Agr. Ext. — Ohio State University Agricul-
tural Extension.
Ont. Dep. Agr. Food Fact Sheet AGDEX — Ontario Depart-
ment of Agriculture and Food, Fact Sheet AGDEX.
Pestic. Inst. News — The Pesticide Institute News.

Plant Dis. Rep. — Plant Disease Reporter.

Pract. Entomol. — Practical Entomologist.

Proc. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia — Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Proc. Annu. Hybrid Corn Ind.-Res. Conf. — Proceedings of the
Annual Hybrid Corn Industry-Research Conference (Ameri-
can Seed Trade Association).

Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. — Proceedings of the Entomological
Society of Washington.

Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. — Proceedings of the Indiana Academy
of Science.

Proc. N. Cent. Br. Amer. Assoc. Econ. Entomol. — Proceedings
of the North Central Branch of the American Association
of Economic Entomologists.

Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. — Proceedings of the
North Central Branch of the Entomological Society of
America.

Proc. Symp. Physiol. Ecol. Plants Anim. Extreme Environ. —
Proceedings of the Symposium on Physiological Ecology of
Plants and Animals in Extreme Environments, Dubrovnik,
Yugoslavia.

S. Corn Impr. Conf. Rep.— Report of the Southern Corn
Improvement Conference.

S. Dak. Farm Home Res. — South Dakota Farm and Home
Research.

S. Dak. State Coll. Agr. Ext. — South Dakota State College of
Agriculture Extension.

Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc.— Transactions of the American
Entomological Society.

Trans. Amer. Soc. Agr. Eng. — Transactions of the American
Society of Agricultural Engineers.

25th Corn Sorghum Res. Conf. — 25th Corn and Sorghum Re-
search Conference.

U.S. Commr. Agr. Annu. Rep. — United State Commissioner
of Agriculture Annual Report.

U.S. Dep. Agr. Agr. Handb. — United States Department of
Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook.

U.S. Dep. Agr. Bull. — United States Department of Agricul-
ture Bulletin.

U.S. Dep. Agr. Div. Entomol. Bull. — United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Bulletin.

U.S. Dep. Agr. Bur. Entomol. Circ. — United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Circular.
U.S. Dep. Agr. Div. Entomol. Bull. — United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Bulletin.
Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. — University of California Publi-

cations in Entomology.

Univ. Ill. Coop. Ext. Serv. Cire. — University of Illinois Co-
operative Extension Service Circular.

Univ. Nebr. Agr. Ext. Serv. — University of Nebraska Agricul-
tural Extension Service.

Va. J. Sci. — Virginia Journal of Science.

Va. Polytech. Inst, Ext. Leafl. — Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Extension Leaflet.

Wis. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Wisconsin Agricutural Experiment
Station Bulletin.

(27723—2000—4-74)

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