16 www.biodiversityjournal.com ISSN 2039-0394 (Print Edition) ISSN 2039-0408 (Online Edition) with the support of bo \A/ r w o r I c biodiversity association o n I u s Pimelia grossa Fabricius, 1792 - Italy, Sicily, mouth of the Belice river Biodiversity journal SEPTEMBER 2014, 5 (3): 375-444 FOR NATURALISTIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES BIODIVERSITY JOURNAL 2014,5 (3): 375-444 Quaternly scientific journal edited by Edizioni Danaus, viaV. Di Marco 43, 90143 Palermo, Italy www.biodiversityjournal.com biodiversityjournal@gmail.com Official authorization no. 40 (28.12.2010) ISSN 2039-0394 (Print Edition) ISSN 2039-0408 (Online Edition) Cossyphus moniliferus Chevrolat, 1833. Italy, Sicily, Selinunte, under stones. Probations anthrax (Seidlitz, 1896). Italy, Sicily, Ficuzza woods, under barks of trees. The family of Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera). Over 20,000 species belonging to the family Tenebrionidae are part of the fauna of our Planet. They are present in all continents except the areas permanently covered by ice. For Europe, the most abundant faunas arc found in the Iberian peninsula and the Balkans, but also the fauna of Italy includes numerous species and subspecies, even endemic, mostly occurring in Sardinia and Sicily. Tenebrionidae arc extremely variable in size and shape, adapted to almost all terrestrial environments. There are species large and massive, as many Blaps Fabriclus, 1775 or Pimelia Fabricius, 1775, but also small and delicate, as Ammogiton Peyerimhoff, 1919, Eutagenia Reitter, 1 886 and most Alleculini; there are omnivores and herbivores specialized, for example fungivores as Bolithophagus Illiger, 1 798 and Eledona Latreille, 1 796. Many species are related to forest ( Allardius Ragusa, 1898, Helops Fabricius, 1775) or arid coastal environments {Ammobius Guerin-Meneville, 1844, Xanthomas Mulsant, 1854, ...) and can be found even in the deserts (Prionotheca Solier, 1836, Mesostena Eschscholtz, 1831, Adesmia Fischer de Waldheim, 1822, ...). Other Tenebrionidae live in the mountains at high altitudes, as some Pedinus Latreille, 1 796 and Heliopathes Dejean, 1 834, or take refuge in rotting trunks ( Iphthiminus Spilman, 1973) or shallow caves (Elenophorits Dejean, 1821). Some species arc myraiecophilous or anthropophilic, or still parasites of food, through which, taking advantage of humans businesses, spread throughout the world since very ancient times. Very interesting are the environmental adaptations of many species, especially those living in extreme environments, such as the hottest deserts of Africa, Australia or America. They overcome the risk of dehydration, not only limiting their activities to the twilight hours or at night, but also digging underground shelters (Pimeliini and Tcntyriini), or progressing high on their legs alternating them rapidly on the hot ground ( Onymacris Allard, 1885, Zophosis Latreille, 1802, ...), or by a small protective vesciele filled with air, located under the elythra (Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829). A few Tenebrionidae are good fliers, as Lagria Fabricius, 1 775, and all Alleculinae, but all the others are usually lacking, even in part, of functional wings, or show fused elytra, so their movements are very limited, or by passive transport. For this reason, Tenebrionidae are excellent biogeographical indicators. In Sicily, where there is about 50% of the taxa reported for Italy, 1 could see how the distribution of the Eastern Palaearctic, Afro- Mediterranean, European and Western Mediterranean species, exactly overlaps the tracks of human migrations which, over the centuries, often by successive waves, have affected the island where they fused in today's society that has strong trends of multicultural tolerance. Vittorio Aliquo. Via Umberto Giordano 234, 90 144 Palermo, Italy; e-mail: vitaliq@tin.it Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 377-386 Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran Floristic and Taxonomic Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India * Corresponding author, e-mail: arajendran22@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The present study deals with the implication of invasive plant species on the diversity of Bolu- vampatti forest range in Southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. A total number of 90 invasive alien species under 74 genera belonging to 37 families have been recorded based on field exploration and literature consultations. Among these, 53 species are being used by local inhabitants who reside in this forest range for medicinal purposes. Thirteen species have been introduced intentionally, while the remaining species established unintentionally through trade. The present study shows that a better planning is needed for early detection to control and reporting of infestations of spread of naturalized species to be scrutinized. KEY WORDS Ecosystem; field survey; invasive plants; natural habitat; diversity. Received 22.04.2014; accepted 14.06.2014; printed 30.09.2014 INTRODUCTION Understanding the diversity of nature in various forms is a fundamental goal of ecological research (Lubchenco et al., 1991). Apart from the immense economic, ethical and aesthetical benefits, it is es- sential for the ecosystem function and stability (Ehrlich & Wilson, 1991; Holdgate, 1996; Tilman, 2000). It has also attracted world attention because of the growing awareness of its importance on the one hand and the anticipated massive depletion on the other (Singh, 2002). Biodiversity hotspots around the world contain high degree of endemism and are undergoing exceptional loss of habitats (Myers et al., 2000). Moreover, plant diversity around the world is facing various threats and is re- ducing very rapidly (Dogra et al., 2009). The invasive species are widely distributed among all categories of living organisms as well as all kinds of ecosystems throughout the world. The invasion of alien plant species in the new regimes became a second highest threat to plant diversity after the habitat loss (Hobbs & Humphries, 1995). The spread of species beyond their natural habitats has always played a key role in the dynamics of bio- diversity, but the present rate of species exchange is unprecedented and has become one of the most intensively studied fields in ecology. Invasive species may displace or otherwise adversely affect native plant species. These species often produce prolific seeds that may disperse widely and remain viable in the soil for long periods of time (Drake et al., 2003). IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) defines Invasive Species as an alien species which becomes estab- lished in natural or semi-natural ecosystems or habi- tat, an agent of change and threatens native 378 Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran biological diversity. A taxon can be considered suc- cessfully naturalized after overcoming geographi- cal, environmental and reproduction barriers, while an invasive species requires, in addition, to over- come dispersal barrier within the new region (Richardson et al., 2000). They are noxious and cause negative impact in environment, ecosystems, habitats, native biodiversity, economics and even human health (Khanna, 2009). Introduction of these species may occur acciden- tally or through their being imported for a limited purpose and subsequently escaping or deliberately on a large scale (Levine, 1989). Many of these species have allelopathic potential and possess high tolerance to different abiotic conditions (Huang et al., 2009). Many people introduce non-native species into new habitats for economic reasons (McNeely, 2001) and most cases of invasive species can be linked to the intended or unintended conse- quences of economic activities (Perrings et al., 2002). The differences between native and exotic plant species in their requirements and modes of resource acquisition and consumption may cause a change in soil structure, its profile, decomposition, nutrient content of soil, moisture availability (Walck et al., 1999; Vila & Weiner, 2004). The biotic invaders tend to establish a new range in which they proliferate, spread and persist to the detriment of the environment (Mack et al., 2000). Invasive species has faster rates of growth and biomass production compared to native species, hi- gher competitive ability, high reproductive efficiency including production of a large number of seeds, efficient dispersal, vegetative reproduction, rapid establishment and other traits that help them adapt to new habitats (Simberloff et al., 2005; Sharma et al., 2005). Despite the recent recognition of the impacts caused by invasive plants worldwide (Mooney & Hobbs, 2000), there are still many regions in the world where basic information on naturalized plant taxa and plant invasions is only anecdotal or com- pletely lacking like Asia and neighbouring regions (Corlett, 1988; Enmoto, 1999; Meyer, 2000). In India, comprehensive studies on invasive species and plant invasions are still missing except a few studies (Reddy, 2008; Khanna, 2009; Singh et al., 2010; Chandra Sekar, 2012; Chandra Sekar et al., 2012). A large number of exotics are natu- ralized, affecting the distribution of native flora and a few among them have conspicuously altered veg- etation patterns of the country. There is an apparent need for a regional and national authentic database on invasive alien species for monitoring their spread and impact in various regions and for devis- ing appropriate management strategies. In view of these facts, the present study was conducted to ex- amin the implication of invasive plant species on the diversity of Boluvampatti forest range in South- ern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area The study area (Boluvampatti forest) is situated about 30 km west of Coimbatore city and is a con- tinuation of the Western Ghats lying North of Pal- ghat Gap and to the South-east of the Nilgiris (Fig. 1). The area comes under the Boluvampatti range of Coimbatore forest division which includes the villages of Irrutupallam, Sadivayal, Semmedu and Siruvani. It lies between 10° 56' and 10° 58' N lat- itude and 76° 42' and 76° 44' E longitude. The ele- vation of this area is between 625 and 650 m asl (Subramanian, 1959). The rock formation is of Ar- chaean age and consists of principally gneiss and its metamorphic variations. The gneiss foliated and is composed of quartz, feldspar and biotite (black mica) with an occasional admixture of garnet. The soil is reddish with irregular galleries filled with yellow clay running through and it has the property of hardening on to the air (Subramanian, 1966). The climate is cool and pleasant for the major part of the year except during the months of March to May when it is hot and dry. The difference in elevation between the plains and the hilly areas makes appreciable variations in climatic con- ditions. The temperature ranges from 21°C to 38°C and the mean annual humidity is 51%. The vege- tation of this area includes scrub jungle, moist deciduous and sub-tropical evergreen forests. These forests are subjected to extreme biotic influences and extensive areas near Sadivayal and Siruvani settling tank are planted with Eucalyptus, teak, bombax, etc. The natural regeneration of trees in these forests is very poor. Perhaps this may be due to excessive grazing and other biotic influences. There is a profound invasion of many non-native species on biodiversity of this area. Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India 379 Figure 1. Location of Boluvampatti forests in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Floristic study The present study was conducted during 2010- 2012 to compile a comprehensive list of invasive alien plant species. Intensive field studies were con- ducted in a planned manner repeatedly in different seasons in order to document maximum represen- tation of invasive plant species. During the repeated field visits, the observations on field characters such as habit, habitat, spread, important species traits as- sociated with invasiveness were made. Almost the entire forest area was surveyed in order to know the impact of invasiveness on native vegetation in the study area. During the course of study, the invasive plant species were collected in their natural habitats and filed numbers were assigned to each species. All the collected plant species were identified with the help of regional floras (Gamble & Fischer, 1915-1936; Matthew, 1983; Nair & Henry, 1983; Henry et al., 1987; Chandrabose &Nair, 1988). Plant species collected were dried and herbarium specimens were prepared by using standard methods as suggested by Jain & Rao (1976). The voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu for future reference. The nativity of the invasive plants has been recorded from the published literature (Chatterji, 1947; Maheswari, 1960; Srivastava, 1964; Matthew, 1969; Maheswari & Paul, 1975; Nayar, 1977; Hajra & Das, 1982; Sharma, 1984; Saxena, 1991; Pandey & Parmer, 1994; Reddy & Raju, 2002; Negi & Hajra, 2007). The modes of introduction of these species were documented from the published literature and categorized according to their eco- nomic uses as food, fodder, medicinal and orna- mental. Plants were also categorized by life form i.e., herb, shrub, climber and tree. Literature and local people were consulted for use value or an- thropogenic use, if any. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present study was undertaken to identify the diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest range, the Southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. A total number of 90 alien plants from 37 families belonging to 74 genera were documented from the study region. They are listed alphabetically in tabular form, followed by author’s abbreviation, name of the family, nativity, life form, habitat, uses and voucher specimen number (Table 1). Among these the dicotyledons are represented by 32 fami- lies, 67 genera and 83 species; monocotyledons by 5 families, 7 genera and 7 species. All the species listed in this study were also reported as weeds in other countries or as invasive alien plants in most of the regions, and are included in the Global Com- pendium Weeds (Randall, 2002). Out of 90 species, only 13 namely Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus spinosus, Asclepias curassavica, Cassia alata, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Ipomoea eriocarpa , Lantana camara , Mirabilis jalapa, Passiflora foetida , Portulaca oleracea and Solarium nigrum seem to have been introduced de- liberately and the rest of them unintentionally through trade exchange including grain import. Further, it has been observed that few species like Parthenium hysterophorus, Lantana camara , 380 Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran Eupatoriwn odoratum, Prosopis juliflora and Agera- tum conyzoides are highly invasive and have in- vaded on the fringes of forests as well as inside the reserved forests. On the basis of the nativity of the species, a total of 17 different geographical regions were recorded in the present study. In that, about 72% are contributed by five major geographical regions viz., Tropical America (59%), Tropical Africa (15%), Australia (3%), Europe (4%) and South America (13%) (Fig. 2). It is interesting to note that, most of the invasive species in the study re- gion owe their origin to tropical regions i.e., Amer- ica (72%), Africa (14%) and Europe (3%). The remaining 28% species were collectively contrib- uted by nine regions. Habit wise analysis showed that herbs with 70 species (78%) predominate, followed by shrubs (10 species, 11%), climbers (5 species, 6%) and trees (5 species, 5%). Annual plants comprise about 52% of the invasive species and the remaining are peren- nials. In terms of number of species, Asteraceae were found to be the most dominant family with 1 5 species among the reported invasive species fol- lowed by Amaranthaceae (6 sp.), Convolvulaceae (5 sp.), Caesalpiniaceae and Solanaceae (4 sp. each), Asclepiadaceae, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae and Lamiaceae (3 sp. each). The genera with the highest number of invasive species in the study area are Cassia and Ipomoea (4 sp. each), Cleome, Corchorus (3 sp. each), Alternanthera , Blumea, Calotropis, Euphorbia , Solatium and Tribulus (2 sp. each). Invasive alien plant species are used for a va- riety of functional and aesthetic purposes. Many people who seek to introduce a non-native species into a new habitat do so for an economic reason (McNeely, 2001) and most cases of invasiveness can thus be linked to the intended or unintended consequences of economic activities (Perrings et al., 2002). Commercial use of invasive alien plant species can contribute in uplifting the economic status of poor rural communities (Semenya et al., 2012). For example, Lantana camara is being used for basket-making and some other purposes. A search in literature and consultation with local people indicated that several of the invasive species are also used for different purposes for example, the stem of Malvastnim coromandelianum , Sesbania bispinosa and Sida acuta for fibre and Figure 2. Contribution of different geographical areas to invasive species in the study. Boras sus flabellifev for making hand-held fans (Sekar et al., 2012). Thirteen invasive species are under considera- tion for medicinal purposes (Table 2). Several of these are used for adulteration: for example, mus- tard oil is adulterated with extract from seeds of Argemone mexicana. Moreover, some of the species i.e. Parthenium hysterophorus, Lantana camara and Prosopis juliflora have high allelopathic poten- tial and are harmful to natural plant population. These invasive alien species are ready colonizers in disturbed areas and cause considerable ecological damages to natural areas. CONCLUSION The results of the present study have shown that most of the exotic plant species currently spreading were intentionally introduced. They have not only disturbed the environment and ecosys- tem but have also threatened the indigenous flora, as a number of plants are getting rare. There is every possibility that if the invasion of alien species will continue to operate unchecked, the en- demic species may get extinct and the germplasm of economic plants may become rare or even be exterminated. Therefore, it is very important to make an effective database for the management of invasive species, and improve the knowledge about their diversity, life form, habitat and uses for further studies. Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India 381 Name of the species Family No. Nativity Life form Habit Uses Acacia dealbata Link. Mimosaceae 1127 Australia Tree Perennial Fuel wood A canth o sperm um h ispid um DC. Asteraceae 1134 Brazil Herb Annual Medicinal Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae 1135 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Alternanthera pungens Humb. Amaranthaceae 1174 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. Amaranthaceae 1175 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal, Fodder Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae 1176 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal, Fodder Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae 1101 South America Herb Annual Medicinal Asclepias curassavica L. Asclepiadaceae 1150 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae 1136 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal, Fodder Blumea eriantha DC. Asteraceae 1137 Tropical America Herb Perennial Fodder Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. Asteraceae 1138 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae 1185 Tropical Africa Tree Perennial Fruit edible Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. Asclepiadaceae 1151 Tropical Africa Shrub Perennial Medicinal Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. Asclepiadaceae 1152 Tropical Africa Shrub Perennial Medicinal Cassia alata L. Caesalpiniaceae 1123 South America Shrub Perennial Medicinal Cassia obtusifolia L. Caesalpiniaceae 1124 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Cassia occidentalis L. Caesalpiniaceae 1125 South America Herb Perennial Medicinal Cassia tor a L. Caesalpiniaceae 1126 South America Herb Annual Medicinal Catharanthus roseus L. Apocynaceae 1149 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Chenopodiaceae 1180 Tropical America Herb Annual Fodder Chloris barbata (L.) Sw. Poaceae 1188 Tropical America Herb Perennial Fodder Chromolaena odorata L. Asteraceae 1139 Tropical America Shrub Perennial Medicinal Cleome viscosa L. Cleomaceae 1104 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Cleome gymandra L. Cleomaceae 1102 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Cleome monophylla L. Cleomaceae 1103 Tropical Africa Herb Annual Fodder Corchorus aestuans L. Tiliaceae 1110 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Corchorus tridens L. Tiliaceae 1111 Tropical Africa Herb Annual Fibre, Fodder Corchorus trilocularis L. Tiliaceae 1112 Tropical Africa Herb Annual Fibre Cro talari a retusa L. Fabaceae 1119 Tropical America Herb Annual Fodder, Ornamental Croton bonplandianum Baill. Euphorbiaceae 1181 South America Herb Perennial Fodder Table 1. List of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forests, Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. 382 Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran Name of the species Family S. No. Nativity Life form Habit Uses Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Cusutaceae 1158 Mediterranean Climber Annual Medicinal Croton bonplandianum Baill. Euphorbiaceae 1181 South America Herb Perennial Fodder Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Cusutaceae 1158 Mediterranean Climber Annual Medicinal Cyperus difformis L. Cyperaceae 1187 Tropical America Herb Annual Fodder Datura metel L. Solanaceae 1159 Tropical America Shrub Perennial Medicinal Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Amaranthaceae 1178 South West Asia Herb Annual Medicinal Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Poaceae 1189 South America Herb Annual Fodder Echinops echinatus Roxb. Asteraceae 1140 Afghanistan Herb Annual Medicinal Eclipta prostrata (L.) Mant. Asteraceae 1141 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal, Ornamental Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Asteraceae 1142 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Euphorbiaceae 1182 Tropical America Herb Annual Ornamental Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae 1183 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Evolvulus nummularis L. Convolvulaceae 1153 Tropical America Herb Perennial Fodder Gomphrena s errata L. Amaranthaceae 1179 Tropical America Herb Annual Fodder Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae 1170 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Indigofera trita L. Fabaceae 1120 Tropical Africa Shrub Perennial Fodder Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Convolvulaceae 1154 Tropical Africa Herb Annual Medicinal Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker.-Gawal. Convolvulaceae 1155 Tropical Africa Climber Perennial Medicinal Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. Convolvulaceae 1156 Tropical Africa Climber Annual Medicinal Ipomoea staphylina Roem. et Schult. Convolvulaceae 1157 Tropical Africa Climber Annual Fodder Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae 1168 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal, Ornamental Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae 1171 Tropical Africa Herb Annual Medicinal Malvastrum coromandelia- num (L.) Garcke Malvaceae 1106 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal, Fibre Martynia annua L. Pedaliaceae 1164 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae 1117 India Tree Perennial Medicinal Mikania micrantha Kunth. Asteraceae 1143 Tropical America Climber Annual Medicinal Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae 1128 Brazil Herb Perennial Medicinal Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctaginaceae 1173 Peru Herb Annual Ornamental Ocimum americanum L. Lamiaceae 1172 Tropical America Herb Annual Ornamental Opuntia stricta Haw. Cactaceae 1132 Tropical America Shrub Perennial Fruits edible Table 1. List of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forests, Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India 383 Name of the species Family S. No. Nativity Life form Habit Uses Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae 1116 Europe Herb Perennial Vegetable Parthenium hysterophorus L. Asteraceae 1144 North America Herb Annual Fodder Passiflora foetida L. Passifloraceae 1131 South America Climber Perennial Medicinal Pedalium murex L. Pedaliaceae 1165 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummit Acanthaceae 1166 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Physalis minima L. Solanaceae 1160 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Pile a microphylla (L.) Liebm. Urticaceae 1184 South America Herb Annual Vegetable, Ornamental Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae 1105 South America Herb Annual Medicinal, Vegetable Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Mimosaceae 1129 Mexico Tree Perennial Fuel wood Ruellia tuberosa L. Acanthaceae 1167 Tropical America Herb Annual Ornamental Scoparia dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae 1163 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) Wight. Fabaceae 1121 Tropical America Shrub Annual Fibre, Vegetable Sida acuta Burm. f. Malvaceae 1107 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal, Fibre Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae 1161 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal, Edible Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae 1162 Tropical America Shrub Perennial Medicinal Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Asteraceae 1145 Mediterranean Herb Annual Medicinal Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Solanaceae 1190 Tropical America Herb Perennial Fodder Spermacoce hispida L. Rubiaceae 1133 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. Asteraceae 1146 South America Herb Annual Fodder Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Verbenaceae 1169 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Stylosanthes hamata L. Febaceae 1122 Tropical America Herb Perennial Fodder Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Asteraceae 1147 West Indies Herb Annual Ornamental Tribulus lanuginosus L. Zygophyllaceae 1114 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae 1115 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae 1148 Central America Herb Perennial Medicinal Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Tiliaceae 1113 Tropical America Herb Annual Medicinal Turnera ulimifola L. Tumeraseae 1130 Tropical America Herb Annual Ornamental Typha angustata Bory et Chaup. Typhaceae 1186 Tropical America Herb Perennial Ornamental Urena lobata L. Malvaceae 1108 Tropical Africa Shrub Perennial Fibre Waltheria americana L. Sterculiaceae 1109 Tropical America Herb Perennial Medicinal Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae 1118 Australia Tree Perennial Fruits edible Table 1. List of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forests, Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. 384 Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran S.No. Name of the plant Part(s) used Medicinal uses 1. Ageratum conyzoides L. Leaves Leaf-juice used in healing the wounds, sores and skin diseases. 2. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. Whole plant Plants used in snake-bite. 3. Amaranthus spinosus L. Whole plant Plants used in snalce-bites, bowel and kidney complaints. 4. Argemone mexicana L. Whole plant Roots used in scorpion sting. 5. Asclepias curassavica L. Leaves and roots Roots used in curing piles. Leaf juice used for hemorrhages. 6. Bidens pilosa L. Flower Dried flowers buds used in toothache. 7. Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. Latex Latex used as disinfectant to wounds. 8. Cassia tora L. Leaves and seeds Leaves and seeds used as skin diseases. 9. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Root The roots are great commercial value in medi- 10. Celosia argentea L. Seeds Seeds used in blood disease and mouth sores. 11. Cleome gynandra L. Whole plant Plants used in scorpion-sting and snake-bite. 12. Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Flowers and seeds Flowers and seeds used in urinary troubles. 13. Eclipta prostrata L. Root Roots used as antiseptic to ulcers and wounds in cattle. 14. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Leaves Leaf-juice used in curing wounds and sore ears. 15. Euphorbia hirta L. Whole plant Plants used in bowel complaints for children. 16. Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Whole plant Plants used in the treatment of rheumatism and headache 17. Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl. Leaves Leaves used in the treatment of ulcers. 18. Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. Leaves Leaves used as an antidote to dog-bite; also used in boils. 19. Martynia arnrnva L. Leaves Leaves used in epilepsy. 20. Melia azedarach L. Leaves and seeds Leaves used as anthelmintic; seeds used in rheumatism. 21. Mimosa pudica L. Root Roots used in asthma, dysentery, etc. 22. Ocimum americanum L. Whole plant Plants used in fever. 23. Oxalis corniculata L. Leaves Leaves used in fever. 24. Passiflora foetida L. Leaves Leaves used in headache. 25. Pedalium murex L. Leaves and fruits Leaves used in gonorrhoea; fruits used in sper- matorrhoea. 26. Physalis minima L. Leaves Leaf juice used in earache. 27. Scoparia dulcis L. Whole plant Plants used in toothache. 28. Solatium nigrum L. Leaves Leaf-juice used in chronic enlargement of the liver and dysentery. 29. Spilanthes acmella (L.) DC. Leaves Leaves used to treat toothache and skin diseases. 30. Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. Whole plant Plants used in fever, rheumatism and dysentery. Table 2. List of medicinally useful invasive species in the study. Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India 385 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors are thankful to University Grants Com- mission (UGC), New Delhi for providing financial assistance (F. No. 39-422/2010 (SR) dated 7th January 2011) for the study. We are admiring the help provided by Botanical Survey of India, South- ern Circle (Coimbatore) in identification of various plant species. 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Effects of competition from introduced plants on estab- lishment, survival, growth and reproduction of the rare plant Solidago shortii (Asteraceae). Biological Conservation, 88: 213-219. Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 387-390 Measuring species diversity for conservation biology: incorpo rating social and ecological importance of species Dexter S. Ontoy & Roberto N. Padua Cebu Normal University, Osmena Boulevard, Cebu City, Philippines ‘Corresponding author, email: dexter_s_ontoy@yahoo.com ABSTRACT A new Importance-Diversity Index is proposed as an enhancement to the traditional Shannon diversity index. The proposed index incorporates an importance weight to each species of organisms found in an ecosystem. The importance weights are derived from four (4) main domains deemed important in conservation biology, namely: (1) species endemicity, (2) eco- nomic utility, (3) functional role in the ecosystem, and (4) risk status of the species (threatened or endangered). Scenario simulations show that the new index aids in conservation decisions particularly in cases where the Shannon’s indices of the ecosystems are equal or near equal or even in situations where the Shannon’s index clearly identifies a site but the relative im- portance of the species found in other sites is heavier. KEY WORDS Conservation biology; diversity-importance index; diversity index; Shannon Index. Received 24.04.2014; accepted 30.05.2014; printed 30.09.2014 INTRODUCTION Current competing uses of finite resources vis- a-vis protection of biological diversity has forced society to make difficult decisions in balancing species conservation and economic development. Given this situation, conservation biology has been in the forefront in the protection of biological re- sources, ecosystems and habitat against pressures imposed by economic progress and urbanization which often results into reduction of biological di- versity. Furthermore, decisions with regard conser- vation prioritizations depend on the biodiversity of the area. Several measures of biodiversity have been pro- posed and used with varying applications depend- ing on the level and scale of diversity. One of the most commonly used measures of biodiversity is the Shannon Index (Spellerberg & Fedor, 2003), wherein both the species richness (i.e. number of species) and species abundance (i.e. number of in- dividuals within the same species) are incorporated in the function. High Shannon Index value (highly diverse areas) are prioritized, less diverse areas are less prioritized or converted to other economic uses. Such mind set is acceptable if we assume that all species present in the area do not have additional im- portance values. However, there are species that are endemic (or rare), some are classified as either en- dangered or threatened, and others play important functions in the ecosystem (e.g. keystone species). Duelli & Obrist (2003) identified these as among the concordant indicators representing three value sys- tems, namely, conservation, ecology, and biological control. These values should be given considerations in measuring indices for conservation biology. On the other hand, the Shannon Index, as like most other indices of diversity existing to date, treats 388 Dexter S. Ontoy & Roberto N. Padua species equally and does not incorporate these “im- portant values”. Hence, the Shannon Biodiversity Index is not designed to detect the presence of en- demic (or rare) species nor is it sensitive to species that are classified as threatened or endangered. Con- sideration for “additional values” is imperative if we are to meaningfully protect our biological resources. This paper proposed a new index which incorpo- rates “importance values” in measuring diversity index for conservation of biological resources and habitats. It has immense policy implications particu- larly in making sure that species that have values, which are otherwise not being considered in other in- dices, be given priority for protection and conservation. The Shannon ’s Diversity Index A popular diversity index used in Biology is the Shannon’s Index given by: 1) #=-i*=i p i ln p i where P t is the proportion of individuals found in an ecosystem and R is the number of individual types. The index, therefore, takes into a count both abundance and richness (R) in the competition. To maximize H, we can either increase R or make the distribution of the individual types more even e.g. Pj = 1/R for all i. Thus: 2) H max 2] i—i r 1 n r — 1 n R Where H tends to infinity as R— ► oo. High val- ues of H indicate higher biodiversity while low val- ues of H reflect the opposite situation. As such, (1) is often used as a criterion for determining which of several competing ecosystems need to be pro- tected (conserved) and which can be developed. Ecosystems that have high biodiversity (H) are often declared as protected areas for conservation purposes. The general equation of diversity is often written in the form: i=i The term inside the parentheses is called the basic sum. Some popular diversity indices corre- spond to the basic sum as calculated with different values of q. For diversity of order one, an alterna- tive equation is: 'D = exp (- Y p: ln p ,- ) = exp (//’) i=i 1 1 where H' is the Shannon’s index as calculated with natural logarithms. Nonetheless, it is quite possible that an ecosys- tem, say A, has lower Shannon’s index than another ecosystem, B, yet A is the habitat of “important” biological species endemic in it. In this case, it may be preferable to protect A than B despite the higher Shannon’s index of the latter than the former. An index that incorporates the notion of “importance” is, therefore, a necessary tool for conservation biol- ogy- A Model for Importance Values In this Section, we define the notion of relative importance (Ij) of the j th species, (j = 1,2, ..., R) found in an ecosystem. Conservation biology liter- ature (Hurlbert, 1971; Duelli & Obrist, 2003; Spel- lerberg & Fedor, 2003; Jiang & Yin, 2013;) suggests four (4) domains of relative importance, namely: (1) Species endemicity, (2) Economic importance, (3) Functional Role, and (4) Species risk status (threatened or endangered). Species endemicity refers to a situation where a particular species of biological organism can only be found in a particular habitat and nowhere else. Species’ economic importance refers to the eco- nomic utility of the species. The species’ functional role in the ecosystem alludes to specific biological function of the organism viz. whether or not it is a keystone species. Finally, the risk status of the species refers to its being a threatened or an endangered species which necessitates protection and conservation. The domains are assigned individual weights, Wj, for the j th domain. A relative importance Ij score for the j th species is obtained from: 3) Ij — + W 2 T where: 0 < 7j < 1, 0 P 2>- •> P R- To each type of organisms, we assign relative im- portance weight 1 1 , / 2 , . . ., /r. Let: 4) qj = PjJp ,j= 1,2, ... R The equality in (4) is defined as the “basic di- versity-importance information number (DIIN).” Note that 0 < gy < 1 . Further, qj incorporates both the diversity mea- sure (Pj) and the importance measure (Ij). Using qj , we define the Diversity-Importance Index as: 5) DI = -J J R M qj\nqj. or: 6) - L" , (Pj if ) 1 n (Pj if ' ) , I \j Pj - 1 Equation (6) can be written in a more symmetric fashion as: Since 0 < Pj < 1 , 0 < Ij < 1 , it follows that DI > 0. Equation (7) is maximized when Pj = 1/R and Ij = 1/R for all j. In this case, (7) becomes: D^max = (r) h 1 n 2? [ 1 + ^ ] and: (j^) H — * 1 els R — ► o°, hence DI fnax — > oo. The function (8) monotonically increases with increasing richness R and uniformly equal impor- tance values. That is, an ecosystem that is diverse with equally important species composition will have high DI values. Scenarios and Illustrative Examples A maximum of five (5) species (R = 5) are ob- served in two (2) sites A and B. The purpose of the environmental assessment is to decide on which site to protect and which site is open for development. Three (3) experts were asked to construct the Relative Importance Table (RIT). The experts’ ratings were averaged out to produce the RIT as shown in Table 2. Domain Weight 1 . Species endemicity 0.40 2. Economic utility 0.30 3. Ecosystem Function 0.20 4. Risk Status 0.10 Total 1.00 Table 2. Relative importance table. Scenario 1: Equal Shannon ’s Diversity Index In this scenario, the traditional Shannon’s Index are equal for the two (2) sites (sites A and B) but the Diversity-Importance Indices are different. A specific illustrative numerical example is given in Table 3. 390 Dexter S. Ontoy & Roberto N. Padua Species IV Pi (A) Pi(B) a 0.40 0.25 0.00 b 0.20 0.25 0.25 c 0.20 0.25 0.25 d 0.15 0.25 0.25 e 0.05 0.00 0.25 Total 1.00 1.00 1.00 DI Index 1.20871 1.13997 H Index 1.38629 1.38629 Table 3. Illustrative Example for equal Shannon index. Since the Shannon index of two sites A and B are the same, traditional conservation principles will not be able to decide which site to conserve and which site to develop. However, since the Diver- sity-Importance (DI) index of site A is greater than that of site B in this case, this means that it makes more sense to conserve site A. Species a which has the highest importance value is not found in B but is found in A. Moreover, species e which is of least importance is absent in A but found in B. Scenario 2: Unequal Shannon ’v Diversity Index In this scenario, the Shannon’s indices are un- equal for the two sites which would have led to a decision to choose the site with greater H index for conservation, shown in Table 4. Species IV Pi (A) Pi(B) a 0.40 0.40 0.20 b 0.30 0.20 0.20 c 0.10 0.10 0.20 d 0.10 0.15 0.20 e 0.10 0.15 0.20 Total 1.00 1.00 1.00 DI Index 1.08585 1.07449 H Index 1.20323 1.28755 Table 4. Unequal Shannon index. The traditional conservation choice would be site B because of its higher Shannon index (H=l .28755). However, species a which has the highest impor- tance value is found in greater abundance in site A than in site B. For this reason, it makes more prac- tical sense to protect site A than site B as evidenced by the higher DI value of DI =1.085853 for the for- mer site than the corresponding DI value for the lat- ter site which is DI =1.07449. Scenario 3: Equal Importance Values If the species are of equal importance, then the de- cision criterion reduces to a decision based only on the Shannon index; see Table 5 for a typical situation. Species IV Pi(A) Pi(B) a 0.20 0.40 0.20 b 0.20 0.30 0.20 c 0.20 0.10 0.20 d 0.20 0.10 0.20 e 0.20 0.10 0.20 Total 1.00 1.00 1.00 DI Index 1.05951 1.11983 H Index 1.18823 1.28755 Table 5. Species with equal importance value. As expected, the Shannon diversity index is higher for site B than for site A. The DI index like- wise is higher for B than for A. In conclusion, the proposed Diversity- Impor- tance Index is an important aid to conservation biol- ogists in situations when the Shannon Diversity Index (based only on abundance and richness) pro- vides ambiguous or impractical results. REFERENCES Duelli P. & Obrist M.K., 2003. Biodiversity indicators: the choice of values and measures. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98: 87-98. Hurlbert S.H., 1971. The non-concept of species diver- sity: a critique and alternative parameters. Ecology, 52: 577-586. Jiang B. & Yin J., 2013. Ht-index for quantifying the fractal or scaling structure of geographic features. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Spellerberg I.F & Fedor P.J., 2003. A tribute to Claude Shannon (1916-2001) and a plea for more rigorous use of species richness, species diversity and the “Shannon- Weiner” Index. Global Ecology & Bio- geography, 12: 177-179. Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 391-396 Herpetofaunal inventory of Kuriat and Jbel islets (Tunisia) Pietro Lo Cascio 1 &Vincent Riviere 2 'Associazione Nesos, via Vittorio Emanuele 24, 98055 Lipari, Messina, Italy; e-mail: plocascio@nesos.org 2 AGIR ecologique SARL 147, anc. route d’Esparron, 83470 Saint Maximim-La-Saint Baume, France; e-mail: vincent. riviere@ agirecologique.fr ABSTRACT The present paper provides the results of the herpetological investigations carried out on the Kuriat Archipelago, in the Khnis Bay, and the islet of Jbel, off the harbor of Echebba. Six reptile species on the whole have been found on the studied islets. Tarentola fascicularis (Daudin, 1802), familia Phyllodactylidae, occurring on Great Kuriat, and Trachylepis vittata (Olivier, 1 804), familia Scincidae, detected on all the three islets, are recorded for the first time for the islands of Tunisia. KEY WORDS Reptiles; faunal list; new records; Tarentola fascicularis', Trachylepis vittata', islands; Tunisia. Received 04.06.2014; accepted 13.07.2014; printed 30.09.2014 INTRODUCTION Within the framework of the international pro- gram Mediterranean Small Islands Initiative PIM (www.initiative-pim.org), in 2014 March, we had the opportunity to take part to a scientific mission for the naturalistic exploration of the islets distrib- uted along the central sector of the Tunisian shore- line. During this mission were visited Great Kuriat (or Qurya El Kabira) and Small Kuriat (or Qurya Essaghira), that form a small archipelago in the Khnis Bay; and Jbel, in front of the harbor of Echebba. Except for the record of the nesting of logger- head sea turtle, Caretta caretta Linnaeus, 1758, (Reptilia Cheloniidae) on Kuriat Archipelago (Jribi et al., 2006), no data on their herpetofauna are given in literature. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide the first information about the occurrence of terrestrial reptiles on these islets, with some comments on their distribution. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area The Kuriat (Qurya, or Kuriate) Archipelago lies in the Khnis Bay, 1 6 km off the Cape of Monastir, and includes two islets: Great Kuriat or Qurya El Kabira (35 0 47’49”N, 11°02 , 01 ,, E) and Small Kuriat or Qurya Essaghira, also called Conigliera (35 o 46’06”N, 11°00’26”E). The surface is 2.7 and 0.7 km 2 respectively. Both are characterized by a flat morphology, with a maximum elevation of less than 5 m a.s.l., and are formed by limestone sub- strate overlain by calcareous and sandstone crusts (Oueslati, 1995). Along the coastline, there are also sandy dunes and thick deposits of organic matter (sea-grass litter). The islets he in the semi-arid superior bioclimatic belt, with an annual precipita- tion of 300-400 mm (Posner, 1988). Salt-marsh plant communities (Salicornietea) are widely dis- tributed around the low lands (sebkhas), alternated by bare sandy areas, while agarrigue with scattered 392 Pietro Lo Cascio& Vincent Riviere shrubs occupies the calcareous outcrops (Posner, 1988). Over-population of gulls and intense graz- ing, due to the massive occurrence of introduced goats (only on Great Kuriat) and rabbits (in both is- lands), seem to be the main anthropogenic factors which affected the structure of the vegetation. Kuriat are uninhabited, except for a small mili- tary out post in the light house of the larger island. However, several historical sources attest their more intense frequentation in past (Scalia, 1984), which is also evidenced by the ruins of a Punic port and of a fishermen settlement, respectively, on Great and Small Kuriat. Jbel (35°12’26”N, 11°10 , 00”E) is the outermost islet of a micro-archipelago located near the harbor of Echebba, which includes also the larger islet Gataya (where however no herpetofauna has been found). Jbel has a surface of 0.09 km 2 and a maxi- mum elevation of 2 m a.s.l. Despite its proximity to the mainland, from which is only 1.7 km, it is cer- tainly the less anthropized site among those visited and that characterized by a strong environmental homogeneity, due to the almost exclusive covering of halo-psammophilous vegetation and sea-grass litter on the sandy substrate. Kuriat and Jbel (Fig. 1) are continental islets and lie in the isopleth of -20 m, therefore their isolation from the mainland should be occurred in a very re- cent time (see Oueslati, 1995; Lambeck & Purcell, 2005). Field work Field work was done from 27 to 29 March 2014, spending one day on each island; furthermore, Great Kuriat was visited also noctumally. We car- ried out visual encounter surveys as well as active searching by lifting stones and by checking the po- tential shelters of animals. All the finding speci- mens have been identified, photographed and released at the place of capture. Species identifica- tion was done following the keys given by Schleich Figure 1. Geographical setting of the study area. Herpetofaunal inventory of Kuriat and Jbel islets (Tunisia) 393 et al. (1996). For Phyllodactylidae and Lacertidae were also used those given by Joger (1984) and Szczerbak (1989), respectively. Herpetofaunal data The nomenclature follows Sindaco & Jeremcenko (2008) and Sindaco et al. (2013), ex- cept for the species formerly included in the genus Mabuya Fitzinger, 1826, that according to Bauer (2003) is here referred to Trachylepis Fitzinger, 1843. RESULTS Species list Familia GEKKONIDAE Hemidactylus turcicus Linnaeus, 1758 This species has been detected in both the Kuriat islets. On Great Kuriat it seems widely dis- tributed in the calcareous outcrops which cover al- most one third of the island surface, while only one specimen was found on Small Kuriat, near the shacks on the beach that are used by daily visitors in summer. Familia PHYLLODACTYLIDAE Tarentola fascicularis (Daudin, 1802) The identification of this species was done ac- cording to the diagnostic characters reported by Joger (1984; see also Joger & Bshaenia, 2010) and was kindly confirmed by the colleague Wadid Tlili on the basis of detailed photos of some of them (Fig. 2). During the present research, it has been found just on Great Kuriat, which results to be the first record for the Tunisian islands (see Tlili et al., 2012). However, T. fascicularis certainly inhabits other insular areas, such as Djerba and Kerkennah (W. Tlili, unpubl. data), and its distribution on con- tinental Tunisia needs to be clarified. On Great Kuriat the species seems to be relatively common in the calcareous outcrops, where it is syntopyc with Hemidactylus turcicus. Figure 2. Tarentola fascicularis from Great Kuriat. Familia SCINCIDAE Chalcides ocellatus (Forsskal, 1775) This species has been found both on Small Kuriat and Jbel. Most of the observations were done in the proximity of the shoreline, where the Ocel- lated skink use as shelter the dry litter of sea-grass within the halophile scrubs (Fig. 3). Trachylepis vittata (Olivier, 1804) This species (Fig. 4) had never been previously reported for the Tunisian islands (see Boulenger, 1891; Escherich, 1896; Mayet, 1903; Lanza & Bruzzone, 1959; Schneider, 1969; Blanc, 1988; Blanc & Nouira, 1988; Schluter, 2002; Delaugerre et al., 2011). It has been found in all the islets inve- stigated during the present research, including the tiny Jbel, where together with Chalcides ocellatus resulted to be the only occurring reptile species. On these islets most part of the observations were done along the coastal belt, in the same habitat occupied by the Ocellated skink (see Lig. 3). Familia LACERTIDAE Mesalina olivieri (Audouin, 1829) This lizard (Fig. 5) has been detected only on Great Kuriat, where it seems relatively common mainly within the salt-marsh plant communities around the sebkhas. 394 Pietro Lo Cascio& Vincent Riviere Familia LAMPROPHIIDAE Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) During a 6-hours visit to Small Kuriat, we were able to find two individuals belonging to this species; one of them (Fig. 6) had the tail in necrosis, probably after being hit by gulls or rats. Some col- leagues who visit regularly the islets have informed us that gray-green snakes, probably belonging to the same species, would be present also on Great Kuriat. Nevertheless, we explored this islet for a whole day and even in the night, and we did not ob- serve any individual. DISCUSSION The herpetofauna of the studied islets includes six species of reptiles, namely five lizards and one snake. No amphibians have been found during the present research and, despite the occurrence of se- bkhas and few other wet microhabitats (such as the well near the lighthouse on Great Kuriat), the ab- sence of these animals seems likely probable. Species richness increases with the size of the islets and, consequently, appears to be related to their biotic capacity (see Table 1). The skink Trachylepis vittata is the most fre- quent species and occurs on all the studied islets, although its record represents the first known for the Tunisian islands. Furthermore, the syntopy of T. vittata and Chalcides ocellatus on the tiny islet of Jbel sounds quite interesting, as they share the same habitat and even overlap in access to the scarce trophic resources available in such small micro- insular environment. During the field work has how- ever not been possible to determine the eventual oc- currence of interspecific competition. According to Kalboussi & Nouira (2004a), both skinks are the most abundant lizards in the oases of Southern Figure 3. Habitat of Chalcides ocellatus and Trachylepis vittata at Jbel. Figure 4. Trachylepis vittata from Jbel. Figure 5. Mesalina olivieri from Great Kuriat. Figure 6. Malpolon insignitus from Small Kuriat. Herpetofaunal inventory of Kuriat and Jbel islets (Tunisia) 395 Species Great Kuriat Small Kuriat Jbel Hemidactylus turcicus * * Tarentola fascicularis * Trachylepis vittata * * * Chalcides ocellatus * * Mesalina olivieri * Malpolon insignitus ? * Table 1. Species distribution on the Kuriat and Jbel islands. Tunisia. It is likely anyway that in continental areas the resource partitioning among these species could be more balanced by their different foraging mode (see also Kalboussi & Nouira, 2004b) and by the wider trophic opportunities. Also Tarentola fascicularis has not been pre- viously recorded in literature for the Tunisian is- lands, even if unpublished data indicate its occurrence on Djerba and Kerkennah (W. Tlili, pers. comun.); there is also a record for Lampedusa Island, in the Channel of Sicily, that belongs to the African continental shelf (Harris et al., 2009). This taxon has been considered for a long time as sub- species of T. mauritanica, and its evolutionary relationships with this latter, as well as its taxono- mic status, are still under debate (see Joger & Bshaenia, 2010; Farjallah et al., 2013). The distri- bution of T. fascicularis includes the eastern North Africa and has its north-western boundary in cen- tral Tunisia, where it is sympatric with T. mauri- tanica (Tlili et al., 2012). On the basis of current information, this latter seems to be most common in coastal areas, while T. fascicularis has been found mainly in the inland ones. In this view, the occurrence of this species on islets such as Kuriat is not easily to be interpreted, and further investi- gations may clarify if it is effectively absent along the coast of Monastir. On the other hand, T. mauri- tanica is known to have recently expanded its distribution due to the anthropogenic dispersal (Aprea et al., 2011), therefore can not be excluded that the occurrence of T. fascicularis on Kuriat could has a relict significance. The only snake found during our visits was Malpolon insignitus, which has been observed on Small Kuriat and whose occurrence is supposed also for Great Kuriat. However, if confirmed by fur- ther investigations, the population of this latter islet should be presumably characterized by an ex- tremely low density. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to sincerely thank Awatef Abiadh, Hichem Azafzaf, Sami Ben Haj, John Borg, Laetitia Hugot, Imed Jribi, Jamel Jrijer, Aissa Moali, and Roman Sauve for their significant help during the field work; Wadid Tlili, for the useful information on Tunisian Phyllodactylidae and the identification of those from Kuriat; Michel De- laugerre and Philippe Geniez, for their invaluable collaboration; the Agence de Protection et d’ Ame- nagement du Littoral (APAL) for the logistical sup- port and the association Notre Grand Bleu for its commitment to the preservation of the Kuriat Ar- chipelago. The present research has beend one within the framework of the international program Mediterranean Small Islands Initiative PIM. REFERENCES Aprea G., Lo Cascio R, Corti C. & Zuffi M.A.L., 2011. Tarentola mauritanica (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Corti C., Capula M., Luiselli L., Razzetti E. & Sindaco R. (Eds.). Fauna dTtalia. XLV. Reptilia. 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Distributional review of the genus Tarentola (Reptilia, Sauria) in Tunisia (North Africa). Herpetology Notes, 5: 485-492. Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 397-420 The cave crickets of Greece: a contribution to the study of Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera), with the description of a new species of Troglophilus Krauss, 1 879 Claudio Di Russo, Mauro Rampini* & Marina Cobolli Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C . Darwin”,University of Rome “La Sapienza”,Viale dell’Universita 32,00185 Roma, Italy Corresponding author, e-mail: mauro.rampini@ unir omal.it ABSTRACT The taxonomy, geographic distribution and ecology of Rhaphidophoridae of Greece are updated herein. At present, 28 species of Dolicliopodo Bolivar, 1 880 and five species of Troglophilus Krauss, 1 879 are known to colonize Greek caves and, in a few circumstances, epigean habitats. Dolichopodci includes a high number of species and shows a wide geo- graphic distribution, including most of Greece. The genus diversity peaks in the Hellenic region, which hosts 28 of the 5 1 species described thus far. Most of the Dolicliopodo species show a high degree of endemism, being recorded from only one or a few caves in restricted geographic areas. The therm o-xerophilic climate characterizing most of the southern Balkan Peninsula and the high fragmentation of the Greek karstic areas could have played an impor- tant role in the reduction of gene flow among cave cricket populations, leading to strong iso- lation and multiple speciation events. A 11 the DolicllOpodCL species found in the area are highly dependent on caves and show clear adaptations to the subterranean ecosystems. Of the five Troglophilus species known for the area, only two occur in continental Greece, with a very scattered geographic distribution including a few mountain localities in northern and central Greece. The remaining three species are widespread throughout Crete and some Aegean islands. Finally the newly discovered Troglophilus Zoicii n . sp. from a cave on the western slope of Mount Parnassos (central Greece) is described. KEYWORDS D o lie h o p o d a in ae ; Tro g lo p h ilin ae ; cave crickets; Greece. Received 15.07.2014; accepted 26.08.2014; printed 30.09.20 14 INTRODUCTION In the Mediterranean area the family Rhaphi- dophoridae is represented by only two genera ( Dolichopoda Bolivar, 1 8 8 0 and Troglophilus Krauss, 1 879) with a fairly overlapping eastern Mediterranean distribution. Dolichopoda include:?, 51 described species in- habiting cave habitats from the Pyrenees to the Ca- spian reg io n in N orth ern Iran (Di Russo & Ramp in i, 2014). Troglophilus includes only 15 species dis- tributed from the Eastern Alps to the Anatolian Peninsula (Eades et al., 2014). The first species of the family to be reported for Greece was Troglophilus SpinuloSUS Chopard, 1921. Chopard (1921) based the description of the species on some specimens collected in the Sendoni Cave, Crete (Chopard, 1921; B oudou -S altet, 1 978). Some years later, 398 Claudio Di Russo et alii Werner (1927) described a second species of the same genus from Western Crete ( T. Weweri) while Menozzi (1935) reported TwglophilliS lagoi M enozzi, 1 935 from Rhodes and Chopard (1934) recorded both Dolichopoda hussoni and D. remyi from Macedonia. After these early studies, a great effort to improve the knowledge of the Greek Rhaphi- dophoridae was made by Chopard and Boudou- Saltet between 1950 and 1980 (Chopard, 1954, 1 955, 1 964; B o u d o u -S alte t, 1970, 197 1 a, 1971b, 1 972a, 1972b, 1 973a, 1 973b, 1 978, 1 980, 1 9 83 ), leading to the description of 16 new species. The first attempt to summarize the taxonomy and geographic distribution of Greek Rhaphi- dophoridae was published by Willemse (1984), in which he reported 17 species of Dolichopoda distributed from some Ionian islands (Corfu and Petalas) and the Peloponnese to Thrace (Thasos Island) and Crete, including a few localities in cen- tral Greece and Attica. Except for Naxos, no other sites were reported for the Aegean area. Willemse (1984) listed six species of TwglophiluS , three from Crete, one from Rhodes and T. cavicola and T. neglectus fro m cen tral Greece and Macedonia respectively. Kollaros et al. (1991), studying many TwglophiluS specimens from Crete, revised the systematics of the genus and concluded that Crete hosted only one species ( T. SpinuloSUS) . New re- search on the R haphidophoridae cave crickets from Greece starting in 2002 led to the description of several new species, in particular TwglophiluS VHCI- rinae Rampini et Di Russo, 2003 from a cave on Santorini Island and eight new species of Dolichopoda from Ionian and Aegean islands (Galvagni, 2002; Rampini & Di Russo, 2 0 03a; Rampini et al., 2008, 2012). The aim of this note is to update the knowl- edge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution of Greek R h ap h id o p h o rid a e species; some eco- logical information is also presented and discus- sed. MATERIAL AND METHODS All the studied specimens were collected during several field trips starting in 1980. Specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol and deposited in the col- lection of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Rome “La Sapienza” (MZUR) (Rome, Italy). Other typical material not examined by us is de- posited in the following institutions and collections: BM (NH) = British Museum (Natural History), London; MSNM = Museo Civico di Storia Natu- rale,Milan;MNHN = Museum Nationald'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; PC = Patrizi collection; ZMA = Zoological M useum, Amsterdam. The specimens were studied with a Leica MZ 12.5 s tere o m ic ro sc o p e . All measurements are in mm. Lor the concise description of the species we considered the following main morphological characters commonly used for taxonomic purposes in both Dolichopoda and TwglophiluS: tergum X, epiphallus, subgenital plate for males and subgeni- tal plate and ovipositor for females. Photographs were taken with a N ikon Coolpix 50 0 0 digital cam- era. The photographs and distribution map were processed using ACDSee Pro 7. RESULTS List of species and taxonomic notes The species listed here have been ordered following a North-South geographic criterion. Superfamily R H A P H ID O P H O R O ID E A Lamily R H A P H ID O P H O R ID A E Subfamily D O L IC H O P O D A IN A E Genus Dolichopoda B oliva r, 1880 Dolichopoda hussoni Chopard, 1934 Type locality. Greek Macedonia, Imathia, Naousa, Megalou Alexandrou cave, 2 5 .V III. 1 9 3 3 , P. Remy and R. Husson leg., 1 male, 2 females (MNHN) (Chopard, 1934). Other localities known. Imathia: Naousa, Pa- parados cave, altitude 335 m, 25.VIII.1933, P. Remy and R. Husson leg.; same locality, 24. V. 1 954, K. Lindberg leg.; Naousa, Apano Skala cave near the slaughterhouse, 2 6 .V III. 1 9 3 3 , P. Remy and R. Hus- son leg.; same locality, 24. V. 1954, K. Lindberg leg.; Naousa, Izborjia cave, 25. V. 1954, K. Lindberg leg. Examined material. Imathia: Naousa, Papara- dos cave, altitude 3 3 5 m, 04. IV. 1 990, M. Rampini leg., 1 female; Naousa, Esvoria, “The School of Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 399 Aristotle”, 09. IV. 1 993, M. Cobolli leg., 1 male, 1 female; N aousa, Apano Skala cave near the slaugh- terhouse, 07. VII. 1997, M. Rampini leg., 7 males, 1 female; Naousa, Izborjia cave, 10. VII. 1997, M. Rampini leg., 1 male (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size relatively big ranging between 20-22 mm. Ventral edge of hind femur unarmed. Tergum X with a curved ridge and two small rounded tubercles (Figs. 1, 2). Epiphallus very thin with acute and curved apex (Fig. 3). Female. Subge n it al plate triangularwith rounded apex. Ovipositor 17 mm long with 16 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda remyi Chopard, 1934 Type locality. Greek Macedonia, Imathia, Loutraki, Pozarska mala Pestera, 2 2 . V III. 1 9 3 3 , P. Remy and R. Husson leg., 1 male, 1 female (MNHN) (Chopard, 1934). Other localities known. Pella, Edessa,Boudl- jeva cave, 2 3 .V III. 1 9 3 3 , P. Remy and R. Husson leg.; same locality, 3. V. 1 954, K. Lindberg leg.; Imathia, Loutraki, Temma Pestera cave, 2 1 . V III. 1 9 3 3 , P. Remy and R. Husson leg.; Pella, Nissi, Kuradska Pestera cave, 14. VIII. 1933, P. Remy and R. Husson leg.; Pella,Agras, Pestera na Bujorcave, 16.VIII.1933,P. Remy and R. Husson leg. Examined material. Imathia, Loutraki, Pozarska mala Pestera, 06. III. 1991, M . Rampini leg., 1 male, 1 female; same locality, 07. VII. 1997, M. Rampini leg., 2 males, 2 females; Pella, Edessa, small cave below the big waterfall named Karanos, 07. VII. 1997, M. Rampini leg., 4 males, 2 females, 6 nymphs, 24. IV. 2006, M . Rampini leg., 3 males, 2 females; Imathia, Naousa, Apano Skala cave, under the slaughterhouse, 10. VII. 1997, M . Rampini leg., 2 males, 2 females (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size relatively big ranging between 20-23 mm. Species characterized by the occurrence of about 20 spines on the ventral edge of the hind femurs. Tergum IX strongly sinous. Tergum X with two pronounced rounded ridges (Figs. 4, 5). Epiphallus long, strength with acute apex (Fig. 6). Female. Subgen it al plate sub- triangular. Ovipos- itor straight 15 mm long with 18 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda annae Boudou Saitet, 1973 Type locality. Thessaly, Larissa, unnamed small cave, date not specified, 197 1, A. Petrochilos leg., 2 males, 1 female. Kind of type: unspecified primary type (B oudou-S altet, 1 973a). Examined material. Thessaly: Ampelakia, Tern pi Valley, railw ay tunnel, 25. V. 2007, M . Ramp ini leg., 2 males, 1 female; Agia Paraskevi cave, 25. V. 2007, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 3 nymphs; Kalipefki, Leptokaria, unnamed small cave, 25. V. 2007, M. Rampini leg., 2 males, 3 nymphs (M ZUR). Characters. Male. Size 20 mm. Tergum IX deeply incised in the middle. Tergum X with two folded ridges (Figs. 7, 8). Lobes of the subgenital plate triangular with two short styli. Epiphallus slender very curved with acute apex (Fig. 9). Female. Subgenital plate triangular, laterally thickened and rounded at the apex. Ovipositor 13.5 mm long, enlarged at the base. The inner valves with 17 denticles. Dolichopoda thasosensis Chopard, 1964 Type locality. Thrace, Thasos Island, Panaghia, Drakotripa cave, 15. VII. 1963, S. Daan and V. van Loarleg., 1 male, 1 female (ZMA) (Chopard, 1964). Characters (by Chopard, 1964). M ale. Size 21.0 mm. Tergum X with two diverging triangular lobes. Lobes of the subgenital plate with two short styli. Epiphallus strongly curved with a rounded apex. Female. Subgenital plate triangular lightly in- cised at the middle, it shows at the base a triangular protuberance. Ovipositor 12 mm long with the inner valves bearing 16 denticles. Dolichopoda graeca Chopard, 1964 Type locality. Epirus, Ioannina, Perama cave, 2 3 . V III. 1 9 62 , G. D’ Harvey leg., 1 male, 1 fern ale BM(N.H.) (Chopard, 1964). Examined material. Epirus, Ioannina, Perama cave, 10. IV. 1988, M. Ramp ini leg., 3 nymphs; same locality, 31. V. 1 989, S. Zoia leg., 1 nymph; same locality, 29. VI. 1991, M. Rampini leg., 2 males, 5 nymphs (MZUR). 400 Claudio Di Russo et alii Characters. Male. Size 21.5 mm. Tergum X with two evident conical tubercles and trapezoidal lateral lobes (Figs. 10, 11). Subgenital plate with triangular lobes and bearing two cylindrical styli. Epiphallus quite large at the base, cylindrical and rounded at the apex (Fig. 12). Fem ale. Subgenital plate triangular w ith a rounded apex slightly incised in the middle. Ovipositor 12 mm long with 15 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda kiriakii Rampini et Di Russo, 2008 Type locality. Epirus, Preveza, Parga, cave near Agia Kiriaki, altitude 270 m, 24. IV. 2006, L. Lustri leg., 3 males, 4 females (MZUR) (Rampini et a 1 . , 20 0 8). Characters. Male. Size 18-19.5 mm. Tergum X with two evident cylindrical tubercles with rounded apex and two wide lateral lobes (Figs. 13, 14). Epiphallus almost large at the base, long and acute at the apex (Fig. 15). Lobes of the subgenital plate with two short cylindrical styli. Fem ale . S ubgenital plate triang ular w ith thickened lateral edges and a rounded apex. O v ip os it or straight, 14 mm long with 18 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda steriotisi b oudou-Saitet, 1972 Type locality. Ionian Islands, Corfu, Periste- rotrypa cave, August 1 970, 4 males, 2 females. Kind of type: unspecified primary type (Boudou- Saltet, 1972a). Examined material. Corfu: Klimatia, Antro- pograva cave, 10. IV. 1980, M. Rampini leg., 2 males; same locality, 21. IV. 1987, M. Rampini leg., 8 nymphs; same locality, 12. IV. 1 988, M. Rampini leg., 13 males, 4 females, 2 nymphs; same locality, 12.VIII.2006,C.Di Russo leg., 1 male, 1 female, 1 nymph; Megali cave, near Loutses, 07. IX. 1 985, F. Gasparo leg., 1 male (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size large (23 mm). Tergum X with two small conical tubercles and squared lateral lobes (Figs. 16, 17). Subgenital plate wide with triangular lobes holding short styli. Epihallus slender strongly curved and acute at apex (Fig. 18). Female. Subgenital plate triangular posteriorly enlarged by an ovoid stripe. Ovipositor 14 mm long with 21 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda gasparoi RampinietDiRusso, 2008 Type locality. Ionian Islands, Lefkada, Evghi- ros, Kirospilia cave, altitude 150 m, 03. IX. 2004, F. Gasparo leg., 1 male, 4 nymphs; same locality, 28. V. 2006, P.M . Giachino, D. Vailati leg., 1 male, 3 females (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 2008). Characters. Male. Size 18.5-19.5 mm. Ter- gum X with two little evident crests which link the posterior edges of the two large lateral lobes (Figs. 19, 20). Epiphallus lengthened and narrowed towards the base, very arched and acute at the apex (Fig. 21). Lobes of the subgenital plate triangular with two short styli. Female. Subgenital plate large, triangular with the rounded apex, sides with two protrusion diverg- ing at the base. Ovipositor 13 mm long uniformly curved along its entire length, the inner valves have 1 6 denticles. Dolichopoda giachinoi RampinietDiRusso, 2008 Type locality. Aetolia-Acarnania, Monastiraki (M ount Serekas), M egalo Spilio cave,altitude 100 0 m, 29. V. 2006, P.M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 1 male, 5 nymphs; same locality, 03. VI. 2007, P.M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 4 nymphs; same local- ity, 02.11.2007, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 1 female, 1 nymph (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 2008). Characters. Male. Size 18-20 mm. Tergum X with two evident tubercles cone-like connected by a thick crest on the upper margin (Figs. 22, 23 ). Epiphallus slender and long with an acute apex which curves cephalad (Fig. 24). Lobes of the sub- genital plate without styli. Female. Subgenital plate shaped as a flattened triangle with thickened lateral edges and apex. Ovipositor 15 mm long almost straight, the inner valves with 20 denticles. Dolichopoda ithakii RampinietDiRusso, 2008 Type locality. Ionian Islands, Ithaca, near Vathy, M arm aro s p ilia cave, altitude 180 m, 16. VI. 2004, F. Gasparo leg., 1 male, 3 nymphs (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 20 0 8). Characters. M ale. Size 15-16 mm. Tergum X sim ilar to D. gaspawi but w ith the tubercles cone- like and bigger (Figs. 25, 26). Epiphallus slender, curved with a pointed apex (Fig. 27). Lobes of the subgenital plate without styli. Female unknown. Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 401 Figures 1-3. Dolichopodci hllSSOni: Fig. 1) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 2) tergurn X posterior view, Fig. 3) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 4-6. D. retnyi: Fig. 4) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 5) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 6) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 7-9. D. CUinae : Fig. 7) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 8) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 9) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 10-12. D. gmeCCL: Fig. 10) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 11) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 12) epiphallus dorsal view. 402 Claudio Di Russo et alii Figures 13-15. Dolichopoda kiridkiv. Fig. 1 3 ) terg um X dorsal view, Fig. 14)tergum X posterior view. Fig. dorsal view. Figs. 16-18. D. Steviotish Fig. 16) terg um X dorsal view. Fig. 17) terg um X posterior view, Fig. dorsal view. Figs. 19-21. D. gcispciwi : Fig. 19) terg um X dorsal view, Fig. 20) terg um X posterior view, Fig. dorsal view. Figs. 22-24. D. gidchitioi: Fig. 22) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 23) tergum X posterior view, Fig. dorsal view . 1 5) epiphallus 1 8) epiphallus 2 1 ) epiphallu s 24) epiphallus Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 40 3 Dolichopoda pavesii Gaivagni, 2002 Type locality. Ionian Islands, Cephalonia, Drakotripa cave, altitude 300 m, cave above the lake Avithos at Agios Nikolaos, X II. 1 9 9 5 /V. 1 99 6 , M. Pavesi leg., 2 males, 12 nymphs (MSNM) (Gai- vagni, 2002). Examined material. Cephalonia, Sami, Drogarati cave, 13. VIII. 2003 C. Di Russo leg., 7 males, 3 females, 2 nymphs; same locality, 15. VI. 2004, F. Gasparo leg., 2 males, 4 females, 3 nymphs (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 20-23 mm.Tergum X with two conical tubercles, squared lateral lobes (Figs. 28, 29). Fobes of the subgenital plate with two developed cylindrical styli. Epiphallus enlarged at the base, long, slender, with an acute apex which curves cephalad (Fig. 30). Female. Subgenital plate triangular, thickened, rounded at apex with a large sclerotized protuber- ance deeply incised in the middle. Sternite VII has a prominent cone-like protuberance. Ovipositor 12 mm long, basally large but more curved in the first proximal portion, the inner valves with 19 denticles. Dolichopoda patrizii Chopard, 1964 Type locality. Ionian Islands, Petalas, Akra cave, 17. VII. 1956, S. Patrizi and F. Baschieri leg., 1 male, 1 female (PC) (Chopard, 1964). Examined material. Ionian Islands, Petalas, Akra cave, 28. IV. 2007, V. Sbordoni leg., 1 male im - mature (MZUR). Characters. M ale. Size 19 mm.Tergum X with two elevated and thickened ridges (Figs. 31, 32). Sub- gen it al plate shows a deep median incisures. Epiphal- lus thin, straight and acute at the apex (Fig. 33). Female. Subgenital plate triangular rounded at the apex with a very small indented protrusion. Ovipositor slightly curved, 13 mm long with 17 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda lustriae Rampini et Di Russo, 2008 Type locality. West Greece, A etolia-A carnania: Chalkiopouli (M ount Pselovuni),Agios Andreas cave, altitude 1150 m, 09. II. 2007, M. Ramp ini leg., 1 male, 2 females, 1 nymph (MZUR) (Rampinietal., 200 8). Examined material. Central Greece: Phocis, Mount Vardousia, cave unnamed, altitude 1110 m, 10. VI. 2005, P. M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 5 nymphs; Dafni, A th an a sio s -D iako s , Dafni cave, 2 0.X .2 00 8, C. Di Russo leg., 1 male (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size relatively big (20-23 mm). Species characterized by the occurrence of about 23 spines on the ventral edge of the hind femurs. Tergum X with two tubercles enlarged, cylindrical and diverging, rounded at the apex con- nected by a thickened upper edge (Fig. 34). Epiphallus elongated cylindrical and very arched forwards with an acute apex which widens at the base (Fig. 35); basal lobes developed, the posterior ones wing-like in shape. Subgenital plate wide and convex with a deep median incision; lateral lobes are triangular with two large cylindrical styli. Female. Subgenital plate triangular with rounded apex. Ovipositor 19 mm long, uniformly curved upwards and slender at the apex, the inner valves with 20 denticles. Dolichopoda matsakisi b oudou-Saitet, 1972 Type locality. Peloponnese, A chaia, Kalavrita, Ton Limnon cave, H. Dalens and J. Matsakis leg., date not specified., 2 males, 4 females, 1 nymph. Kind of type: unspecified primary type (Boudou- Saltet, 1972b). Examined material. Peloponnese, Achaia, Kalavrita, Ton Fimnon cave 24 . V III. 1 9 9 0 , C. Di Russo leg., 2 males, 3 females, 4 nymphs; same lo- cality, 14. VIII. 2005, M . Ramp ini leg., 1 male, 1 fe - male; same locality, 26. IV. 07, V. Sbordoni leg., 2 nymphs; A chaia, Pititsa, Ana lip si cave, 13.VIII.2005, M. Rampini leg., 2 males, 2 nymphs; same locality, 04. IV. 2005, V. Sbordoni leg., 2 nymphs (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 20 mm. Tergum X with two pyramidal tubercles, squared lateral lobes (Fig. 36). Fobes of the subgenital plate triangular with two long styli. Epiphallus slender and curved with acute apex, the lobes of the basal process few developed, and wing-like in shape (Fig. 37). Female. Subgenital plate small, triangular, thick- ened at the rounded apex with a light incision in the middle. Ovipositor 15.5 mm long, slender, almost straight, the inner valves with 18 denticles. 404 Claudio Di Russo et alii Dolichopoda dalensi b oudou-s aitet, 1972 Type locality. Peloponnese, Argolis, Kefalari, K ephalovrissi cave, date not specified, H. Dalens and J. Matsakis leg., 1 female. Kind of type: un spec- ified primary type (B o u d o u -S aitet, 1972b). Examined material. Peloponnese, Argolis, Kefalari, K ephalovrissi cave, 1 8 .V III. 2005 , M. Rampini and C. Di Russo leg., 2 males, 4 nymphs (M ZU R ). Characters. Male. Size 21-23 mm. Tergum X with two evident tubercles, pyramidal in shape, trapezoidal lateral lobes with sinuous posterior margins (Fig. 38). Lobes of the subgen it al plate with two well-developed and pubescent styli. Epiphal- lus narrow, elongated, curved forwards, lobes of the basal process well developped and wing-like in shape (Fig. 39). Female. Subgenital plate large, triangular, thick- ened at the apex with a light incision in the middle. Ovipositor 19 mm long, basally large and curved along its entire length, inner valves with 16 den- ticles. Dolichopoda vandeli b oudou-s aitet, 1970 Type locality. C entral Greece, Boeotia, Orkome- nos, Dionysos, Hermes cave, 09. IV. 1 969, P. Saltet leg., 4 males, 7 females, 19 nymphs. Kind of type: unspecified primary type (B oudou-S aitet, 1970). Examined material. Central Greece, Boeotia, Orkomenos, Dionysos, Hermes cave, 04. XI. 1987, M. Rampini leg., 3 nymphs; same locality, 18. XI. 1989, M. Rampini leg., 5 males, 13 nymphs; 05. XI. 2005, M. Rampini and G.Allegrucci leg., 1 male, 2 females, 4 nymphs; Boeotia, Orchomenos, Akontio, cave of the Kopais Lake, 19. VI. 2004, P. M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 5 nymphs; Mount Elikonas, Agia Triada, cave I, 09. X. 2008, M. Rampini leg., 2 females; same locality, 21. IV. 2013, C. Di Russo leg., 1 male, 1 female (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 24 mm. Tergum IX triangular with the posterior edge rounded covering the tergum X. Tergum X with two diverging very elongated lateral lobes (Fig. 40). It appears flattened and sinuous at the apex. Lobes of the subgenital plate aim ost triangular with two short styli. Epiphal- lus slender slightly curved and at the apex barely b ifid (Fig . 4 1). Female. Subgenital plate trapezoidal and strongly bilobate. Ovipositor 12 mm long, curved at the apex with the inner valves bearing 16 denticles. Dolichopoda insignis chopard, 1955 Type locality. Attica, Athens, Mount Imittos, Koutouki cave, altitude 490 m, 18. IV. 1 954, J. Petrochilos leg., 1 male (M N H N ) (Chopard, 1 955 ). Other locality known. Attica, Marathona, Pan cave (prehistoric cave), 2 9 . V III. 1 9 7 1 , P. Boudou-Saltetleg. (Boudou Saltet, 197 1b). Examined material. Attica, Marathona, Pan cave (prehistoric cave), 15. XI. 1989, M. Rampini leg, 2 males (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 17-18 mm. Species characterized by a tergum IX showing a long median process rounded at the apex. Tergum X with two very elongated lateral lobes extended and sinuous at the apex (Fig. 42). Lobes of the subgenital plate triangu- lar with two very small styli. Epiphallus large flat- tened with a wide bifurcation at the apex (Fig. 4 3). Female. Subgenital plate elongated, triangular with the posterior edge strongly bilobate. Oviposi- tor 14 mm long slender and curved along its entire length, the inner valves with 19 denticles. Dolichopoda petrochilosi Chopard, 1954 Type locality. Attica, Athens, M ount Parnitha, cave of Pan, 23. XI. 1952, K. Lindberg leg., 1 male, 1 female (MNHN) (Chopard, 1954). Other localities knwon. Attica: Athens, Mount Imittos, Koutouki cave, altitude 490 m, 18. IV. 1954, K. Lindberg leg.;Athens, Nea Penteli, Daveli cave, altitude 650 m, 17. IV. 1954, K. Lindberg leg.; Athens, Mount Rakhi (Northern Imittos) altitude 490 m, 13. IV. 1 954, K. Lindberg leg. (Chopard, 1 955). Examined material. Attica, Athens, Mount Parnitha, cave of Pan, 07. IV. 2013, F. Ballarin leg., 1 male; Attica, Nea Penteli, Daveli cave, 09. XII. 2005, M. Rampini and A. Roverelli leg., 2 females; same locality, 09. XII. 2013, S. Alexiou leg., 3 nymphs (MZUR). Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 405 Characters. Male. Size 17 mm. Tergum IX trapezoidal, wide with the rounded posterior edge covering the tergum X. Tergum X with elongated lateral lobes not diverging and truncated at the apex (Fig. 44). Lobes of the subgenital plate almost trapezoidal with two prominent styli. Epiphallus slender and curved, with acute and b ifid apex (Fig. 45). Female. Subgenital plate rounded, slightly in- cised in the middle. Ovipositor 12 mm long with 16 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda makrykapa Boudou -Saitet, 1980 Type locality. Central Greece, Euboea, Makrykapa, Pigi Nyphi cave, date not specified, 1 97 8, T. Skouras leg., 2 males, 4 females, 4 nymphs. Kind of type: unspecified primary type (B oudou-S altet, 1980). Examined material. Euboea: Lamari, Paralia Chiliadou, cave near Paralia, 22. V. 2006, C. Di Russo leg., 3 males, 2 nymphs; Kato Seta, Agia Triada, cave unnamed, 23. V. 2006, C. Di Russo leg., 3 males; Tharounia, Kakalitsa, Skoteini cave, 2 9 .III. 2 0 13, F. B allarin leg., 1 m ale (MZUR). CHARACTERS.Male.Size21 mm. Tergum IX trape- zoidal wide covering the tergum X. The lateral lobes of the tergum X are elongated and acute at apex (Fig. 46). Lobes of the subgenital plate rounded with two very short rounded styli. Epiphal- lus triangular, slender apically, apex slightly bifur- cated, the basal lobes are developed (Fig. 47). Female. Subgenital plate wide, globular, trian- gular in shape, the posterior edge is rounded and deeply incised in the middle. Ovipositor wide at the base, 12.5 mm long, the inner valves with 20 denticles. Dolichopoda cassagnaui b oudou-s altet, 1 9 7 1 Type locality. Central Greece, Euboea, K ary s - tos (Mount Ochi), Agia Triada cave, 30. VII. 1970, B o u do u -S altet leg., 9 males, 3 females, 5 nymphs. Kind of type: unspecified primary type (Boudou- S altet, 1971a). Examined material. Central Greece, Euboea, Karystos (Mount Ochi), Agia Triada cave, 16. XI. 1989, M . Rampini leg., 1 female; same local- ity, 08. XII. 2005, M. Rampini, A. Roverelli leg., 3 males,4 females (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 21.5 mm. Tergum X with lateral lobes elongated, wide at the base and acute at the apex (Fig. 48). Lobes of the subgenital plate rounded with styli elongated. Epiphallus short, massif, with a typical X-shape, the apex is strongly bifurcated and curved forward, the basal lobes are very reduced (Fig. 49). Female. Subgenital plate rounded and slightly incised in the middle. Ovipositor 11.5 mm long, the inner valves with 19 denticles. Dolichopoda ochtoniai b oudou-s altet, 1983 (nomen nudum) Locality. Central Greece, Euboea, Ochtonia, cave, date and collector not specified (Boudou- S altet, 1 983). Remarks. For this taxon the formal morpho- logical description is not available, therefore we consider here only its nomen nudum . Dolichopoda saraolakosi b oudou-s altet, 1983 (nomen nudum) Locality. North Sporades Islands, Skyros, cave, date and collector not specified (Boudou- S altet, 1 983). Remarks. For this taxon the formal morpho- logical description is not available, therefore we consider here only its nomen nudum. Dolichopoda unicolor Chopard, 1964 Type locality. Peloponnese, Laconia: Selinitza, Katafigi cave, 29. VII. 1956, S. Patrizi and F. Baschieri Salvatori leg., 1 male, 1 female (PC) (C hopard, 1 964). Examined material. Peloponnese: Laconia, A g io s Dim itro s, Katafigi cave, 28. III. 2005, V. Sbor- doni leg., 1 male, 1 female; Mount Taigetos, EOS Shelter, small cave, 18. V. 1989, S. Zoia leg., 1 female, 6 nymphs; same locality, 10. IX. 1 995, L. 406 Claudio Di Russo et alii Dell'Anna leg., 2 nymphs; Kafiona, Megalo Spilio, 09. IX. 1995, L. Dell'Anna leg., 3 males, 2 females; Dirou, Dirou cave, 29. III. 2005, V. Sbordoni leg., 1 male, 1 female; same locality, 1 5 . V III. 2 0 0 5 , M. R am p ini leg., 4 nymphs; Tripa, Kaiadas cave, 21. III. 2013, F. Ballarin leg., 1 male, 2 females, 2 nymphs (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 16 mm. Tergum X without tubercles and the rounded lateral lobes strongly protruding (Fig. 50). Subgenital plate strongly incised in the middle; the lateral lobes are rounded with convex margins and short styli. Epiphallus wide, flattened and little acute at apex, basal process poorly developed (Fig. 51). Fern ale. Subgenital plate rounded little indented in the middle. Ovipositor slightly curved, 12 mm long with 17 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda naxia b oudou-Saitet, 1972 Type locality. Cyclades Islands, Naxos, Filotas, Zeus cave, September 1971, Boudou-Saitet leg., 2 males, 1 females, 2 nymphs. Kind of type: un- specified primary type (Boudou-Saitet, 1 972a). Examined material. Cyclades Islands, Naxos, Filotas, Zeus cave, 08. IV. 2007, V. Sbordoni leg., 2 m ales (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size relatively large (19 mm). Tergum X without tubercles and two short lobes (Fig. 52). Subgenital plate wide with rounded lateral lobes holding two evident styli. Epiphallus moderately flattened, slightly curved and with rounded apex, basal process poorly developed (Fig. 53). Female. Subgenital plate wide posteriorly rounded and moderately incised in the middle. Ovipositor 11. 5 mm long, slender and elongated, the innervalves have 16 denticles. Dolichopoda calidnae Ram pini et D i Russo, 2 0 1 2 Type locality. Southern Aegean Islands, Ka- lymnos, Pothia, Seven Virgins cave, 28. III. 2004, M . Rampini and C. Di Russo leg., 2 males, 5 females; Skalia, unnamed cave near Skalia (Mount Flaska), 28. III. 20 0 4, M. Rampini and C. Di Russo leg., 3 males, 5 nymphs (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 2 0 12). Characters. Male. Size 17.5 mm. Tergum X shows on the posterior edge two large lateral lobes, triangular in shape, with rather rounded apex (Fig. 54). Subgen ital plate globular at the bottom, with a deep middle incision that runs for half of the total length. Lateral lobes trapezoidal, with two short conical styli. The epiphallus is sclerotized and shows a median process relatively long, lightly flat- tened and acute apically. In lateral view, it appears large at the base and uniformly curved; the basal processes poorly developed are squared and slightly divergent (Fig. 55). Female. Subgenital plate triangular with two moderately incised lobes in the middle. The ovipositor has an average length of 11 mm, it is enlarged at the base and regularly curved on the superior edge, the inferior valves have 15 den- ticles . Dolichopoda kalithea Di Russo et Rampini, 2012 Type locality. North Aegean Islands, Samos, Mount Kerkis, Kakoperato canyon, altitude 660 m, Kakoperato cave, 05. IV. 2008, C. Di Russo and M. Rampini leg., 7 males, 1 female, 2 nymphs (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 20 12). Examined material. M arathokam bos, Vot- salakia, Sarantaskaliotissa cave altitude 320 m, (near Pythagoras cave), South-Eastern slopes of Mount Kerkis, 05. IV. 2008, C. Di Russo and M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 2 females, 3 nymphs (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 16.5 mm. Tergum X has two triangular lobes quite developed and sepa- rated by a large concavity (Fig. 56). The subgenital plate shows two trapezoidal lobes, straight on the posterior edges and separated by a relatively short incision; the lobes hold two prominent cylindrical styli. The epiphallus is sclerotized and shows a quite flattened median process with an enlarged base, basal process poorly developed; laterally, it appears rather thick at the base and strongly arched distally (Fig . 5 7). Female. Subgenital plate rounded and slightly incised in the middle. The ovipositor has an average length of 12.0 mm, rather enlarged at the base and regularly curved on the superior edge. The superior valves have a pointed apex and curves upwards, the inferior valves have 14 denticles. Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 40 7 Figures 25-27 . Dolichopodci ithakii : Fig. 25) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 26) tergurn X posterior view, Fig. 27) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 28-30. D. pcivesik Fig. 28) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 29) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 30) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 31-33. D. pcitrizih Fig. 31) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 32) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 33) juvenile genitalia. Figs. 34, 35. D. lllStriae : Fig. 34) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 35) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 36, 37. D. YYlCltSClkisV. Fig. 36) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 37) epiphallus dorsal view. 408 Claudio Di Russo et alii Figures 38, 39. Dolichopoda (Icilensi. Fig. 38) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 39) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 40, 41. D. VCmdeli. Fig. 40) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 41) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 42, 43. D. MSlgTlis : Fig. 42) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 43) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 44, 45. D. petwchilosi: Fig. 44) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 45) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 46, 47. D. makrykapa: Fig. 46) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 47) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 48, 49. D. CCLSSCLgnClui : Fig. 48) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 49) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 50, 51. D. WlicoloT : Fig. 50) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 51) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 52, 5 3. D. nCLXiCL : Fig. 52) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 53) epiphallus dorsal view. Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 409 Dolichopoda giulianae Ramp in ietDiRusso, 2012 Type locality. North Aegean Islands, Samos, Pythagorion, Panagia Spiliani cave, 2 1. VIII. 2002, F. Gasparo leg., 1 female, 5 nymphs; same locality, 04. IV. 20 0 8, M. Rampini and C. Di Russo leg., 5 males, 2 females, 3 nymphs (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 20 12). Characters. Male. Size 14.5 mm. Tergum X shows two prominent lobes on the posterior edge, almostsquared at the apex (Fig. 58). The subgenital plate, globular at the bottom, shows two triangular lateral lobes, holding two short conical styli. The epiphallus is sclerotized and shows a long flattened median process, acute at the apex, basal process poorly developed; from the side, it appears uni- formly curved (Fig. 59). Female. Subgenital plate trapezoidal with two rounded lobes. The ovipositor has an average length of 11.0 mm, and 15 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda paraskevii b oudou-Saitet, 1973 Type locality. Crete, Heraklion, Skotino, Agia Paraskevi cave, September 1971, Boudou- Saltetleg., 1 male, 2 females, 12 nymphs. Kind of type: unspecified primary type ( B o u d o u - S a lte t , 1 973b). Examined material. Crete, Heraklion, Skoti- no n, Agia Paraskevi cave, 09.VII.1995, M . Rampini leg., 2 males, 7 females, 6 nymphs; same locality, 04. VI. 2002, F. Gasparo leg., 3 nymphs; Lasithi, Milatos, Milatos cave, 09. VII. 1995, M. Rampini leg., 6 nymphs;Lassithi,Adrianos,Atziganospilios cave, 14. VII. 1995, C. Di Russo leg., 1 nymph; same locality, 18.X.1997,M.Rampinileg.,2 males, 1 fe - male, 10 nymphs (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 14.5 mm. Tergum X with triangular lobes rounded at the apex (Fig. 60). Subgenital plate wide with rounded margins and two short styli. The epiphallus is sclerotized and shows a broad and flattened median process, lat- erally it appears few curved; the basal processes are few developed (Fig. 61). Female. Subgenital plate wide and bilobate. Ovipositor 11-12 mm long, light curved with 13 denticles on the inner valves. Dolichopoda sp. In this section we report the list of the localities where immature specimens were collected and deposited in the MZUR collection. Epirus: Arta-Athamania, Mount Athamano, Athamanio, altitude 1 000 m (epigean), 29. V. 2005, P. M . Giachino, D. Vailati leg. A e to lia- A c arn an ia : Nafpaktos, Rigani (3 Km before), unnamed cave, 31. V. 2005, P.M . Giachino and D . Vailati leg . Thessaly: Magnesia, Orkomenos, Megali spilia, 22. V. 1989, S. Zoia leg.; Mount Ossa, Larissa, Kok- kinovramo cave, 25. V. 1989, S. Zoia leg.; Karditsa, Belokomiti, Gakicave, 12. VI. 2008 and 01. VI. 2011, P.M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg. Phocis: Delfi, Mount Parnassos, Korycian An- dron cave, altitude 1400 m, 30. IV. 2007, V. Sbordoni leg.; Ano Polydrossos, Kontylo cave, altitude 700 m, 09. XII. 2013, C. Di Russo and L. Latella leg.; Amfissa, Prosilio, Agios Athanasios cave, altitude 1160 m 21.V.2014,C.Di Russo and M. Ramp ini leg. Euboea: Steni Dirfios, Mount Touria, unnamed cave, 05. VI. 2010, P.M . Giachino and D. Vailati leg. Peloponnese: Korinthia, Mount Killini, Hermu cave, 28. IV. 1984, M. Zapparoli leg.; Likouria, un- named cave, 06. VI. 2008, P. M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg.; Arcadia, Vitina, Drakotripa, 16. V. 1989, S. Zoia leg.; Laconia, Areopoli, Limeni, 08.09.1 985, L. Dell'Anna and S. Zoia leg.; Mount Taygetos, Varvara cave, 02. VI. 2 0 05, P.M . Giachino and D . Vailati leg . Subfamily T R O G L O P H IL IN A E Genus Troglophilus Krauss, 1879 Troglophilus ( Paratroglophilus ) neglectus K rauss, 187 9 Type locality. Istria, (date, collector and exact locality not specified) (Krauss, 1 879). This species, widespread from Southern Austria and North- eastern Italy to Southern Balkan, was reported also for a cave near Naousa in Greek Macedonia (M aran, 1 95 8). Characters. Male. Size 15-19 mm. Fore, mid femurs and mid tibia lack of spines. Tergum X char- acterized by two protruding triangular lobes (Fig. 62). Copulatory organ membranous, triangular in 410 Claudio Di Russo et alii shape. First article of the metatarsus with 8 spines on the upper margin (Fig. 63). Female. Subgenital plate short trapezoidal with a straightposteriormargin (Fig. 64). Ovipositor 8- 9 mm long with acute apex. The inner valves have 12 denticles (Fig. 65). Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) cavicola (Koiiar, 1 8 3 3) Locus ta cavicola K ollar, 18 3 3 Troglophilus cavicola Karny, 19 07 Type locality. Austria, Baden, Schelmenloch cave. This species, widespread from Southern Aus- tria and Northeastern Italy to Southern Balkan, is reported for Greece by Brunner von Wattenwyl ( 1888) from an unnamed cave on Mount Pa rnassos and by Chopard (1932) from Mount Oiti nearYpati (W illem se, 19 84). Characters. Male. Size 15-20 mm. The fore and mid femurs lack of spines. Species character- ized by tergum X showing two expanded lobes rounded at apex and separated by a deep incision (Fig. 67). Epiphallus evident rather sclerified has a tipical Y-shape, long and slender, arched, and acute at the apex. First article of the metatarsus with 11 spines on the upper marg in (Fig. 68). Female. Subgenital plate large trapezoidal with the posterior edge moderately incised (Fig. 69). Ovipositor elongated and narrow, 9-10 mm long, rounded at the apex. The inner valves with 16 den- ticles (Fig . 7 0). Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) zoiai n. sp. Examined material. Holotype female: Boeotia, Arachova (Mount Parnassos), Dragon cave, altitude 1813 m, 23. VI. 1 989, S. Zoia leg.; paratypes: same locality and date, 2 females. Same locality, 22. V. 2014, C. Di Russo and M. Rampini leg., 2 fe- males. Other locality: Phocis, Mount Vardousia, Kokkinias, forest on the northern slope at 1 390 m, 08. VI. 2006, P. M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 1 female and several nymphs (MZUR). Description of Holotypus. Size relatively small; colour brown, with all the tergites finely spotted. Tergum X almost narrow, transverse, slightly concave in the middle (Fig. 72). Legs rather elongate, fore and mid femora unarmed. Hind femora with 0/1 short spines on the ventral margin. Fore tibia with 8/10 spines on both sides of the ventral margin. Mid tibia with 10 spines on both sides of the ventral surface and 1/3 short spines on the dorsal surface. The hind tibia is longer with 69/75 spines of varying lengths on both sides of the dorsal surface and 26/3 5 homo- geneous spines on the ventral margin. First article of hind tarsus laterally compressed and armed with 9/11 strong spines (Fig. 73). The subgenital plate is large quite squared with a complete concave pos- terior margin (Fig. 74). The ovipositor is relatively short resulting almost entirely enlarged from the base to the pointed apex; at the bottom the lower edge appears strongly curved. The inferior valves are narrow and sclerotized showing 11-12 strong denticles (Fig. 75). Measurements (in mm): body 14.6; pronotum 4.0; fore femur 9; middle femur 8; hind femur 15; fore tibia 10; middle tibia 9.0, hind tibia 18.0; hind tarsus 6.3; l SI article ofhind tarsus 3.2; o v ip o sito r 1 0 . Etymology. The new species is dedicated to our friend and colleague Stefano Zoia who collected the first specimens in 1989. Biology and Distribution. Troglophile species inhabiting both natural caves and mountain epigean habitats. The species is limited to a restricted area of central Greece (Mount Parnassos and Mount Vardo u sia) . Type locality: Dragon cave is located close to the chapel of the Mountain Refuge in the Parnassos Ski Centre, (Arachova). The cave is at a height of 1813 m a.s.l. on the western slope of the Mount Parnassos. Comparative notes. Troglophilus zoiai n . sp. differs from the other two Balkan species T. Cavi- Cola and T. TieglectUS by the large quite squared subgenital plate with a complete concave posterior margin. The ovipositor has a typical shape almost entirely enlarged from the base to the apex. For these two characters T. zoiai shows a certain affin- ity with the South Anatolian species T. OZeli Taylan, Di Russo, Cobolliet Rampini, 2012 and T. bicakdi Rampini et Di Russo, 2003 (Rampini & Di Russo, 2003b). The new species differs from the Aegean species for the lacking of spines on the fern u rs . Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 1 Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) marinae Ramp ini et Di Russo, 2 0 03 Type locality. Cyclades Islands, Santorini, Kamari, Zoodochos cave, 27. V. 2000, M . Rampini, C. Di Russo leg., 3 males, 7 females. Same local- ity, 10. IX. 1 9 8 8, M. Cobolli leg., 7 nymphs; 23.X. 1999, M. Cobolli leg., 2 males, 3 females, 1 nymph; 06.IX.1999,M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 1 fe - male, 5 nymphs; same locality, 02. X. 1 999, M. Rampini leg., 1 female (MZUR) (Rampini & Di Russo, 2003a). Characters. Male. Size 24 mm. Fore and mid femurs with a series of short spines. Tergum X little depressed medially, lateral lobes short and slightly rounded, posterior margin slightly concave in the middle (Fig. 76). Copulatory organ symmetrical membranous similar to T. SpinuloSUS. Subgenital plate wide and trapezoidal in shape with short sub cylindrical styli. First article of the metatarsus with 5 spines on the upper margin (Fig. 77). Female. Subgen ital plate wide at the base, trian- gular and slightly incised at the apex (Fig. 78). Ovipos- itor wide and short, 10 mm long acute at the apex. The inner valves with 9 denticles (Fig. 79). Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) lagoi m enozzi, 1935 Type locality. Southern Aegean, Rhodes, Afando, Paradiso cave, 1934, C. M enozzi leg., 1 male, 1 female. Kind of type: unspecified primary type (Menozzi, 1 935). Other localities known. Rhodes, Mount Profeta Elia (altitude 802 m) and Mount Attairo (al- titude 1000 m), 1934, C. Menozzi leg. (Menozzi, 1 935). Examined material. Rhodes, Rodini Park, Tolomeo Tomb, 23. V. 1994, M. Rampini leg., 5 males, 11 females; same locality, 1 5 . V III . 1 9 9 4 , Rampini, C. Tedeschi leg., 1 male, 2 females, 1 nymph; 10.IV.1995,M.Rampinileg.,2 males, 1 fe- male; 07. VII. 1996, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 1 fe- male; 2 8 .V III. 2002 , C. Di Russo leg., 3 females, 1 nymph (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 15-16 mm. Hind femur without ventral spines. Tergum X with re- duced lateral lobes separated by a slight concavity, medially presents a shorttri angular plate (Fig. 80). Copulatory organ membranous similar to that of T. neglectus. Subgenital plate wide and truncated at the apex with evident sub cylindrical styli. First ar- ticle of the metatarsus with 8 spines on the upper margin (Fig. 81). Female. Size 18-19 mm. Sub- genital plate triangular rounded apically (Fig. 82). Ovipositor short and wide, 8 mm long. The inner valves with 8 denticles (Fig. 83). Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) spinulosus c hopard, 192 1 Type locality. Crete, Gonia, unnamed cave, 23. III. 1 904, D .M .A . Bate leg., 1 male immature BM (NH) (Chopard, 1921). Other localities known. Crete: Dicteon Andron, 07. V. 1955, K Findberg leg.; Katholiko cave, 21. IV. 1 955, K Findberg leg.; Achyrospilio cave, 21. IV. 1 955, K Findberg leg. Examined material. Crete: Heraklion, Kama- raki, M arm aro sp ilia , altitude 560 m, 31. III. 1 989, V. Sbordoni leg., 1 female; Heraklion, Marathos, Doxa cave, 01. V. 1994, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 1 female; same locality, 08. VII. 1 995, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 2 females; Chania (Akrotiri penin- sula), Moni Gouvernetou cave, 20. X. 1997, M. Rampini leg., 1 female; Chania, Katholiko cave, 7. VII. 1 995, M. Rampini leg., 1 female; Fasithi, Milatos, Milatos cave, 08. VII. 1 995, C. Di Russo leg., 2 nymphs; Omalos, Fakki, unnamed cave, 07. VII. 1995, C. Di Russo leg., 1 male; Sitia, Micro Katafigi, 8. VII. 1 995, M. Rampini leg., 1 female; Adrianos, Zena,Atziganospilios cave, 25. IX. 2005, F. Gasparo leg., 1 female (MZUR). Characters. Male. Size 20-21 mm. Fore and mid femurs with a series of short spines. Tergum X slightly concave in the middle with two small lateral lobes (Fig. 84). Subgenital plate trapezoidal with an indented posterior margin. Styli conical and elon- gated. Copulatory organ symmetrical membranous. First article of the metatarsus with 7 spines on the upper margin (Fig. 85). Fern ale. Subgen ital plate wide at the base, trian- gular and slightly bilobated (Fig. 86). Ovipositor 12.5 mm long acute at the apex. The inner valves have 8 denticles (Fig. 87). 412 Claudio Di Russo et alii Figures 54, 55 . Dolichopoda CalidflCie : Fig. 54) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 55) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 56, 57. D. kalitheci : Fig. 56) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 57) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 58, 59. D. giulicincie : Fig. 58) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 59) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 60, 61. D. pClfClskeVU: Fig. 60) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 61) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 62-66. Troglophilus ( P, I) neglectus: 62) male tergum X dorsal view, 63) male 1 st article of hind tarsus, 64) female subgenital plate, 65) o vipo si tor w ith inner valve, 66) fern ale tergum X dorsal view. Figs. 67-71. T. (T.) CCLVicolci : 6 7) male tergum X dorsal vie w , 68) m ale 1 st article of hind tarsus, 69) fern ale subgenital plate, 70) ovipositor w ith inner valve, 71) fem ale tergum X dorsal view. Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 3 Figures 72-75. Troglophilus ( T.) Zoitti n. s p . : Fig. 72) male tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 73) male 1 st article of hind tarsus, Fig. 74) female subgenital plate, 75) ovipositor with inner valve. Figs. 76-79. T. (T.) fncifincie: Fig. 76) male tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 77) male 1 st artic le ofhind tarsus, Fig. 78) fern ale subgenital plate. Fig. 79) ovipositor with inner valve. Figs. 80- 8 3. T. (T.) Idgoi. Fig. 80) male tergum X dorsal view, 81) male l st article ofhind tarsus, 82) fern ale subgenital plate, 83) ovi- positor with inner valve. Figures 84-87. T. {T.) SpinuloSUS: Fig. 84) female tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 85) fern ale 1 st article of hind tarsus, Fig. 86) female subgenital plate. Fig. 87) ovipositor with inner valve. 414 Claudio Di Russo et alii Troglophilus sp. In this section we report the list of the localities where immature specimens were collected and deposited in the MZUR collection. Boeotia: Mount Elikon, Elikonas, altitude 990 m a.s.l., 09. VI. 2005, P. M . Giachino, D. Vailati leg. Phocis: Stromi, Mayer’s cave, altitude 1 352 m a.s.l., 07. XII. 2013, C. Di Russo leg., same locality, 22. V. 2014, C. Di Russo leg.; Amfissa, Prosilio, Agios Athanasios cave, altitude 1160 m a.s.l., 21. V. 2014, C. Di Russo, M . Rampini leg. Sou them Sporades: Tilos, 27. III. 1989, R.Argano, A. Vigna leg.; Kos, Paleo Pyli, cave IV, 25. III. 1989, V. S bordoni leg . Eastern Macedonia: Drama, Mount Falakron, altitude 1 765 m a.s.l., N 41° 18’- E 25° 05’, 20.X/7.XI. 1 992, P. Wolf leg. In the appendix the key of the R haphidophori- dae species known for the Greece is reported. DISCUSSION At present, 28 species ascribed to the genus Dolichopoda an d five to the genus Twglophilus are known for Greece (Table 1). Dolichopoda has a wide geographic distribution, encompassing most of Greece, with a large number of species (Fig. 88). The diversity of the genus in terms of number of species reaches its peak in the Hellenic region, where about 50% of the described species (28 of 5 1) are found. This supports the hypothesis that the ancient Aegean plate was a primary area of disper- sal for the genus (Ruffo, 1 955). In Greece, Dolichopodci has been classically divided on morphological grounds into three sub- genera: Dolichopoda , Petrochilosina Boudou-Sai- tet, 1 980 and Chopardina U varov, 1921. Nevertheless the morphological grounds for the dis- tinction of Chopardina as a distinct subgenus (pres- ence of spinulation on the ventral side of the hind femur) are considered rather weak and of low taxo- nomic value. In fact, members of this subgenus show a disjointed geographic distribution with an- other four species in the Italian Peninsula, Sardinia and Corsica (Casale et al., 2005). Furthermore, as outlined by Sbordoni et al. (2005), Chopardina is a poly phyle tic grouping; the presence of spines on the hind femur could be strongly influenced by envi- ronmental factors and their absence represents an adaptation to cave life. Therefore, as discussed by us for the Italian species (Rampini & Di Russo, 20 1 2), the division o f Dolichopoda in to subgenera can be abandoned and only the existence (when possible) of species groupings sharing some mor- phological characters should be considered. The geographic distribution of Dolichopoda in Greece includes localities in the northwest (Epirus), several Ionian islands, central Greece, Attica, the Peloponnese, Macedonia, Thrace, Crete and some Aegean islands. On the basis of this distribution and the main morphological characters used in this study, we can tentatively recognize the following g ro up in g s (Fig . 8 8): 1. Northeastern species characterized by curved ridges on tergum X (Figs. 2, 5, 8); 2. Ionian species mostly characterized by ter- gum X with two pronounced tubercles (Figs. 11, 14, 1 7, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32); 3. Central Greece-N orthern Peloponnese species characterized by pyramidal tubercles on tergum X and the basal lobes of the epiphallus wing-shaped (Figs. 35, 37, 39); 4. Attica species characterized by a bifurcate epiphallus (Figs. 41, 43, 45, 47, 49); 5. Southern Peloponnese-A egean species with basal process of the epiphallus poorly developed and median process quite broad and flattened (Figs. 5 1, 53, 55, 57, 59, 6 1 ). D. thaSOSensis, endemic to Thasos Island (Thrace), does not fall into any of the above groups, showing a very peculiar shape of ter- gum X . A similar grouping was proposed by Allegrucci et al. (2 0 0 9), who used sequencing of mitochondrial genes to infer phylogenetic relationships among Greek Dolichopoda species. The altitudinal distribution of Dolichopoda species in Greece ranges from sea level to 1400 m a.s.l. for the Korician Andron Cave (Mount Parnas- sos). Most of the Greek species are geographically restricted to only one or a few caves (local e n - demisms). This distribution pattern contrasts with that of the nine species found along the Italian Peninsula, most of which have a wider distribution often including several caves. While we cannot ex- clude that this contrast might be partially biased by a general lack of detailed studies on the distribution of Dolichopoda in continental Greece, the fact re- mains that a number of Ionian and Aegean insular Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 5 geographic region/ species Mace- donia Thes- saly Thasos Epirus Ionian Isl. A.Acar- nania c. Greece Pelo- ponnese Spora- des Cycla- des Rhodes Crete DOLICHOPODA D. hussoni X D. rernyi X D. annae X D. thasosensis X D. graeca X D. kiriakii X D. steriotisi X D. gasparoi X D. giachinoi X D. ithakii X D. pavesii X D. patrizii X D. lustriae X D. matsakisi X D. dalensi X D. vandeli X D. insignis X D. petrochilosi X D. makrikapa X D. cassagnaui X D. ochtoniai X D. saraolakosi X D. unicolor X D. naxia X D. calidnae X D. kalithea X D. giulianae X D. paraskevii X TROGLOPHILUS T. (P.) neglectus (?) X T. (T.) zoiai X T. (T.) marinae X T. (T.) lagoi X X T. (T.) spinulosus X Table 1. List ofRhaphidophoridae presently known in Greece. (?) refers to the uncertain presence of T. (P.) neglectUS in Greece. 416 Claudio Di Russo et alii Figure 88. Geographic distribution of Dolichopoda in Greece. Black circle: present distribution of known species; asterisk: Dolichopoda sp.; the numbers refer to the geographic grouping of the species. Figure 89. Geographic distribution of TwglophilllS in Greece. Black circle: present distribution of known species; asterisk: TwglophiluS sp.; white circle: localities of historical records. Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 7 species are naturally restricted to small islands. Fur- thermore, the therm o-xerophilic climate character- izing most of the southern Balkan Peninsula and the high fragmentation of the karstic areas in Greece could have played an important role in preventing gene flow among cave cricket populations, leading to strong isolation and ultimately multiple local spe- ciation events. This scenario is further supported by the fact that all the G reek Dolichopodci species are highly dependent on caves, as indicated by a suite of m o rp ho -p h y sio lo g ic al traits. The hind femur/ pronotum length ratio, commonly used as a mea- sure of cave specialization (Leroy, 1967; Di Russo & Sbordoni, 1998), is on average 6.7, substantially higher than the corresponding values for other groups of species (5.91 for Italian peninsular species and 4.67 for the trans-Caucasian species). O n ly tw o of th e fiv e species of TwglophiluS are present in continental Greece, with a very scattered geographic distribution including a few mountain localities of Nor them and CentralGreece (Fig. 89). The remaining three species are widespread throughout Crete and some Aegean islands. As re- ported in the previous taxonomic list, T. cavicolu and T. neglectus, two typical Balkan species, are cited for single localities in the continental part of Greece. However, on the basis of our investigations and the results reported herein, we would refer the historical records of T. CCtvicolct for Mount Parnas- sos (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888) and Mount Oiti (Chopard, 1932) to the new species T. ZOicii, here described from the Dragon Cave on the slope of Mount Parnassos and from the nearby Mount Vardousia. The new species can be readily distinguished from T. cavicola by the shape of the female sub- genital plate and ovipositor. Furthermore, the fe- male tergum X lacks the two expansions typical of b o th T. neglectus (F ig . 6 6 ) an d T. cavicola (F ig . 7 1 ) . On the other hand, according to the illustration of the male tergum X reported by M aran (1 95 8), the record of T. UegleCtUS from Naousa should probably be assigned to T. ZOTae, recently described for some localities in Macedonia and Serbia (Karaman et al., 2012). All the Aegean species form a homogeneous group inhabiting caves on the islands of Crete, San- torini and Rhodes and sharing some morphological characters with the southern Anatolian species such as the shape of the male tergum X and the female ovipositor. However, they are all clearly differen- tiated by the shape of the female subgenital plate and, as in the case of T. SpinuloSUS and T. marinae , the femur armed with a series of spines. The latter character is also present in one Anatolian species, T. ferzenensis, recently described for Southern Turkey (Taylan et al., 2012). Interestingly the two genera Dolichopodci and TwglophiluS inhabit the same caves in some localities of Crete, e.g. the Milatos and A tz ig an 0 sp ilio s caves in the eastern part of the island. As reported in a phylogenetic anal- ysis conducted on most of the known species (Ket- maier et al., 2002, 20 1 2), all the Aegean species of TwglophiluS cluster in a basal monophyletic clade. This suggests, as already found in Dolichopodci , a first center of dispersal corresponding to the ancient Aegean plate. Karaman et al. (2012) reached the same conclusion but also hypothesized a second center of dispersal in the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula (Macedonia and Serbia). APPENDIX Key of the Greek Rhaphidophoridae 1 M eta tarsus of the hind legs w ith an apical spine.. 2 Metatarsus of the hind legs without an apical spine; hind legs and palps very long Gen. Dolichopoda 2 Knees of the hind and middle legs without a mo- bile spine Gen. TwglophiluS Genus Dolichopoda 1 Hind femur with numerous spines (20-25) on ventral edge 2 Hind femur without spines on ventral edge 3 2 Tergum X with two enlarged tubercles; basal process of epiphallus w ing-shaped...Z). lustriae Tergum X with two pronounced rounded ridges; epiphallus long with acute apex D. rernyi 3 Epiphallus bifid at the apex 4 Epiphallus not bifid at the apex, long and cylin- drical, basal process developed 5 Epiphallus not bifid, quite flattened, basal process poorly developed 6 418 Claudio Di Russo et alii 4 Rounded tergum IX covering tergum X D. vandeli Trapezoidal tergum IX covering tergum X; lat- eral lobes of tergum X truncate at the apex D. petrochilosi Trapezoidal tergum IX covering tergum X; lat- eral lobes of tergum X acute at the apex D. makrikapa Tergum IX with long process rounded at the apex, epiphallus large and flattened with a wide bifurcation at the apex D. insigllis Epiphallus short, massive, with a typical X- shape D. cassagnaui 5 Tergum X with two evident tubercles of differ- ent shape 7 Tergum X with elevated ridges 8 6 Epiphallus quite wide and flattened, tergum X w ith rounded lateral lobes D. UTlicolOT Tergum X with squared lobes D. gililioTLOe Tergum X with triangular lobes..../). pOTOskevii Tergum X with triangular lobes separated by a large concavity D. kolitheo Tergum X with short triangular lobes, epiphallus moderately wide and flattened, rounded at the apex D. Yiaxio Tergum X with large triangular lobes, epiphallus moderately wide and flattened, acute at the apex D. calidnae 7 Tergum X with two evident conical tubercles, epiphallus large at the base D. gTOCCO Tergum X with two conical tubercles connected by a crest D. giochinoi Tergum X with two small conical tubercles, epiphallus slender and acute at the apex I). steriotisi Tergum X with two larger conical tubercles, subgenital plate w ithout styli D. itJlClkii Tergum X with two cylindrical tubercles, epiphallus large at the base D. kiriokii Tergum X with two cylindrical tubercles, squared lateral lobes D. pOVesii Tergum X with two pyramidal tubercles and squared lobes, basal lobes of epiphallus poorly developed and wing-shaped D. Iliotsokisi Tergum X with two pyramidal tubercles, trape- zoidal lobes with sinuous posterior margins, basal lobes of epiphallus well developed ... D. dalensi 8 Tergum X with two folded ridges, tergum IX deeply incised D. 00006 Tergum X with two curved ridges, epiphallus thin and acute D. hllSSOVli Tergum X with two small crests linking the pos- terior edges of the lateral lobes ...D. gO.spO.Toi * Due to the lack of recent material useful for a correct comparison with the other species, D. thoSOSensis is not included in this key. Genus Troglophilus 1 Middle tibia with spines on the dorsal side Subgenus Troglophilus 2 Middle tibia without spines on the dorsal side; tergum X characterized by two protruding triangular lobes, copulatory organ membra- nous, triangular in shape, first article of the m etatarsus w ith 8 spines on the upper m arg in ; female subgenital plate short and trapezoidal, ovipositor 8-9 mm long with acute apex and 12 denticles on the inner valves T. ( Paratroglophilus ) neglectus 2 Fore and middle femora with a series of short spines 4 3 Fore and middle femora without short spines Male tergum X short with reduced lateral lobes separated by a slight concavity, first article of the me ta tarsus with 8 spines on the upper mar- gin; female subgenital plate triangular and rounded apically, ovipositor 8 mm long with 8 denticles on the inner valves.... T. (T.) logoi Female subgenital plate squared with a concave posterior margin, ovipositor relatively short (10 mm) and almost entirely enlarged with 11-12 strong denticles on the inner valves T. (T.) zoiai Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 9 4 M ale tergum X short, first article of metatarsus with 5 spines on the upper margin; female subgenital plate triangular, wide at the base and slightly incised at the apex, ovipositor wide, 10 mm long with 9 denticles on the inner valves T. ( T. ) JflCirinClC Male tergum X short with a wide concavity in the middle, first article of the metatarsus with 7 spines on the upper margin; female subgen- ital plate triangular, slightly bilobate, ovipos- itor 12.5 long with 8 denticles on the inner valves T. (T.) spinulosus ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are very grateful to all the people that contrib- uted to this study. In particular we thank Sotiris Alex- iou (Wild Greece Editions,Athens, Greece), R ob erto Argano (DepartmentofBiology and Bio technology “C . Darwin”, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Italy) , Francesco Ballarin (Museum ofNaturalHis- tory, Verona, Italy), L uigi D ell’ A nna (R eg ione L azio , Rome, Italy), Laure Desutter (National Museum of N atural History, Paris, France), Pier M auro Giachino (Torino, Italy), Leonardo Late 11a (Museum of N atural History, Verona, Italy), Lucilla Lustri (Speleo Club Roma, Italy), Giorgio Pintus (Speleo Club Roma, Italy), Alessandro Roverelli (Telecom Italia s.p.a., Rome), Valerio Sbordoni (Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy), Augusto Vigna Taglianti (Zoological Museum of the Univer- sity of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Italy), Josef Turn brinck (NABU-NRW, Dussendorlf, Germany), Dante Vailati (Brescia, Italy), M arzio Zapparoli (Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy), Stefano Zoia (Milano, Italy). Finally we thank Valerio Ketmaier (Depart- ment of Biology and Biotechnology “C. 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Four new species of DolicllOpodci Bolivar 1 880, from Southern Sporades and Western Turkey (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae, Dolichopo- da i n a e ) . ZooKeys, 201: 43-58. Rampini M. & Di Russo C ., 2012. Famiglia Rhaphi- dophoridae Walker, 1871. In: M assa B ., Fontana P., Buzzetti F.M ., Kleukers R. & Ode B ., 2012 (Eds.). Fauna d ’ Italia. Orthoptera. Vol. 48. Calderini. Bologna, pp. 312-327. Ruffo S., 1 955. Fe attuali conoscenze della fauna caver- nicola della regione pugliese. Memorie di Bio- geografia A driatica, 3 : 1-143. Sbordoni V., Allegrucci G. & Cesaroni D., 2005. Popu- lation structure of cave organisms. In: D. Culver and W. White (Eds.) “The Encyclopedia of Caves”, Else- vier Academic Press, pp. 447-455. Taylan M.S., Di Russo C., Cobolli M. & Rampini M., 2012. New species of the genus TwglophilllS Krauss, 1 879 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) from Western and Southern Anatolian caves, Turkey. Zootaxa, 3597: 33-40. Werner F., 1927. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna Griechen lands (Reptilia-Amphibia-Scorpiones-Or- thoptera-Isoptera-Apterygota).ZoologischerAnzeiger, 70: 1 35-1 5 1. W illem se F., 1 984. Fauna Graeciae I. Catalogue of the Orthoptera of Greece. Hellenic Zoological Society, Athens, (pp. 88-92), 275 pp. Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 421-424 On the presence of Buprestis ( Ancylocheim ) cupressi Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera Buprestidae) in Sicily, Italy Calogero Muscarella Cooperativa Silene, Via D’Ondes Reggio 8A Scala G, 90127 Palermo, Italy; e-mail: calogero@silenecoop.org ABSTRACT Buprestis (Ancylocheim) cupressi Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera Buprestidae) had already been reported in the past for Sicily (Italy), but it had been excluded from more recent catalogues because of lack of evidence. In the present paper the occurrence of the species in Sicily is confirmed by some findings in Vendicari (Siracusa province). Moreover, it is emphasized the importance of the dunal environments of Vendicari as regards the preservation of the insect fauna. KEY WORDS distribution; Buprestidae; Sicily. Received 04.08.2013; accepted 31.08.2014; printed 30.09.2014 INTRODUCTION Buprestis (Ancylocheim) cupressi Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera Buprestidae) is a species with an East European geographical range (cf. Kuban, 2005), already known in Italy for Liguria, Veneto, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Latium, Campania, Apulia, Basilicata and Tuscany (Porta, 1929; Luigioni, 1929; Gerini, 1953; Gobbi, 1970; 1983; Curletti, 1984; 2006). Regarding Sicily, there were only old, generic and never proved reports (Bertolini De, 1 872; 1 899; Heyden et al., 1883, 1891; Porta, 1929). B. cupressi was first mentioned for Sicilian fauna in the “Catalogo sinonimico e topografico dei coleotteri d'ltalia” by Bertolini (1872: sub Ancylo- chira cupressi Germ., Si[cilia]). Bertolini, in his work (1872), refers to Sicily as the only Italian region where B. cupressi can be found, wrongly mentioning or even overlooking the type locality indicated by O.G. Costa (1839) for Ancylochira mutabilis. Describing this species, later reduced to synonymy with B. cupressi by Kraatz (1857), O.G. Costa (1839) indicates San Cataldo near Lecce as the collection area: “ Trovasi sul Giunipero Sabina presso Lecce. L’ho raccolta nelle macchie di S. Cataldo .. .” De Marseul (1865) wrongly cites the location area indicated by O.G. Costa (1839) reporting: “ Terre d’Otrante, Sabina pres Lecce, sur le Genevrier” ; in fact in Costa’s note “ Sabina ” is not a location near Lecce but refers to “ Giunipero Sabina ” which is the Cupressacea Juniperus sabina L. (see also Ragusa, 1893). Ragusa already thought that Bertolini’s record, used by Heyden et al. (1883, 1891) as well, could be the outcome of a misunderstanding; in fact in his “Catalogo ragionato dei Coleotteri di Sicilia” (1893) he wrote: “... Nel catalogo del de Bertolini e in quello di Berlino [Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae: Caucasi Et Armeniae Rossicae” di Hey- den et al., 1891], troviamo pure la B. cupressi Ger- mar al sinonimo mutabilis Costa, citata di Sicilia. Dubito sia un errore avendola il de Marseul citata 422 Calogero Muscarella di Italia, solamente di Sabina, presso Lecce” . Ragusa (1904) confirmed his opinion later “ Dissi gia (cat. rag.) che / ’Ancylochira cupressi Germ.fu citata di Sabina presso Lecce e non di Sicilia ”. These observations were acknowledged by Lui- gioni (1929) who removed B. cupressi from Sicilian fauna, but not by Porta (1929) who insisted report- ing the species for Sicily. Later, other authors men- tioned B. cupressi for Sicily (see also Zocchi, 1956; Acatay, 1961; Browne, 1968), we don’t know whether according to the original wrong report or to never recorded evidence. Currently, B. cupressi is excluded from the more recent catalogues for lack of sure evidence (Curletti, 1984; 2006; Gobbi & Platia, 1995; Curletti et al., 2003; Kuban & Bily, 2004; Kuban, 2005). In the present paper we report new findings of the species in the “Riserva Naturale Orientata Oasi Faunistica” of Vendicari (Siracusa, Sicily, Italy). Buprestis (Ancylocheira) cupressi Germar, 1817 in Sicily Examined material. Italy, Sicily, Siracusa, Vendicari, Lat. 36°48T3"N, Long. 15°5'49"E, 19.VII.20 14, leg./coll. C. Muscarella; idem, 26.VII.2014 leg./coll. I. Sparacio. The specimens (Fig. 1) were collected in-flight or on the juniper foliage (Fig. 2), in the sun, during the hottest hours of the day, behind the coastal dunes in Vendicari (Siracusa, Sicily, Italy). This en- vironment is characterized by the “macchia-foresta” Figure 1 (upper). Buprestis {Ancylocheira) cupressi from Vendicari, Sicily, Italy. Figure 2 (right). Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa (Sibth & Sm.) Ball, from Vendicari, Sicily, Italy (photo by Michele Torrisi). (maquis-forest) vegetation, with a prevailing occur- rence of Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa (Sibth & Sm.) Ball., Pistacia lentiscus L. and Ephedra fragilis (Federico, 2006). This is the typi- cal habitat in Italy for B. cupressi (Tassi, 1 962), mostly comprising the thick shrubs of Juniperus , main source of nourishment for the species both at its larval and adult stage (Gobbi, 1986). Anyway, B. cupressi also adapted to various allochthonous plant species including Cupressus sp. and Cedrus sp. (Zocchi, 1956; Tassi, 1962; Gobbi, 1970; 1986), widely spread as ornamental in parks and cemeter- ies, thus moving far away from its usual Mediter- ranean area (Gobbi, 1986; 1992). Targeted studies on both cypress grooves and suitable habitats in Sicily, aimed at collecting B. cupressi specimens, have given negative results until now (Sparacio com. pers). The cause of this supposed rarefaction of the species can be found both in demographic fluctuations, due to pullutants able to cause serious damage to cultivated Cupres- sacee (Zocchi, 1956; Acatay, 1961; Browne, 1968; Covassi et al., 1998), and, mostly, in the degrada- tion of the typical habitat. The phytocenosis of Ephedro-Juniperetum macrocarpae Bartolo, Brullo et Marceno 1982, was typical of the dunal system in almost all Sicilian sandy shores until the first half of 1900, but it has been gradually destroyed and reduced into small relict areas (Riggio & Massa,1975; Lapiana & Sparacio, 2008) by the massive anthropic interfer- ence and the overbuilding of the shores. The finding of B. cupressi confirms then the im- portance of Vendicari reserve as a refuge area for On the presence of Buprestis (Ancylocheira) cupressi Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera Buprestidae) in Sicily, Italy 423 many umbrella-species of insects - elsewhere hea- vily decreasing (Sabella, 1993; Bella et al., 2009; Petralia, 2010). Moreover, it plays an important role in the characterization of this important fauna of biotope, being B. cupressi, as already stated before, connected to juniper, one of the most typical and most threatened plants of the Sicilian dunal system, for its life cycle. CONCLUSIONS Present documented evidence let us include B. cupressi among the Sicilian buprestid fauna, for which the Buprestis Linnaeus, 1758 genus is repre- sented in Sicily also by B. ( Ancylocheira ) haemor- rhoidalis araratica Marseul, 1 865, B. ( Ancylocheira ) novemmaculata Linnaeus, 1767 and B. {Buprestis) aetnensis Baviera et Sparacio, 2002 (Curletti, 1984; Gobbi & Platia, 1995; Curletti, 2006). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to Ignazio Sparacio (Palermo, Italy) for support in the field and during the prepa- ration of this paper. I am also grateful to Maurizio Gigli (Rome, Italy), Maria Teresa Calafato (Nonan- tola, Italy), Michele Torrisi and Michele and Fede- rico Antibo (Palermo, Italy). REFERENCES Acatay A., 1961. Uber einige Zedernschadlinge in der Tiirkei. Anzeigerfur Schadlingskunde, 34: 1-6. Bella S., Parenzan P. & Russo R, 2009. 1 Macrolepidot- teri della Riserva Naturale Regionale di Vendicari (Sicilia Sud-orientale). Contributi alia conoscenza della lepidotterofauna siciliana XI. Entomologica, Bari, 41 (2008-2009): 113-193. Bertolini De S., 1872. Catalogo sinonimico e topografico dei coleotteri d'ltalia. Tipografia cenniniana, Firenze, 116 pp. Bertolini S., 1899. Catalogo dei Coleotteri d’ltalia. 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I Coleotteri Pselafidi della riserva naturale di Vendicari. Atti e Memorie dell’Ente Fauna Siciliana, 1: 79-94. Tassi F., 1962. Appunti per una migliore conoscenza dei Coleotteri Buprestidi del Fazio. Bollettino dell'Asso- ciazione romana di Entomologia, 17: 25-27. Zocchi R., 1956. Insetti del Cipresso. I. II Gen. Phloeosi- nus Chap. (Coleoptera Scolytidae) in Italia. Redia, 41: 129-225. Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 425-428 A new record of the Red swamp crayfish, Pro cambarus dark (Girard, 1 852) (Crustacea Cambaridae), in Sicily, Italy Chiara Di Leo, Francesco Paolo Faraone & Mario LoValvo* Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy ■"Corresponding author, e-mail: mario.lovalvo@unipa.it ABSTRACT The Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), is a decapod crustacean native of the United States and Northern Mexico that was introduced in several countries of the world. This species are known to have detrimental effects on invaded ecosystems. The Red swamp crayfish was found for the first time in Sicily in 2012, inside the Nature Reserve “Lago Preola e Gorghi Tondi” (Trapani province). This paper describes the discovery of a second population of this species at the “Rosamarina” reservoir (Palermo province), whose origin appears to be independent of the first one. This new finding emphasizes the need for extensive survey in Sicily and the development of an adequate action plan for containment or eradication of this species. KEY WORDS monitoring; wildlife management; protected areas; mapping. Received 06.08.2013; accepted 26.08.2014; printed 30.09.2014 INTRODUCTION The Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), is a decapod crustacean belonging to the Cambaridae family; it is native to the South- ern and Central United States of America, and to Northern Mexico (Souty-Grosset et al., 2006). Because of its frequent use for fishery production and pet/aquarium trade, in the last decades it was introduced in several South-American, African, Asian and European countries (Hobbs et al., 1989). In Europe, the species was first introduced in 1973 in southern Spain (Ackefors, 1999; Souty- Grosset et al., 2006). It soon became widely spread in the whole Iberian Peninsula and was then intro- duced in France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Czech Republic, United Kingdom and, probably, Cyprus (Souty-Grosset et al., 2006). In Italy, the first reproductive population of the species was found in Piedmont in the early ‘90s (Del Mastro, 1992); afterwards, it successfully invaded most of the Italian Peninsula and Sardinia (e.g. Froglia, 1995; Mazzoni et al., 1996; Aquiloni et al., 2010). In Sicily, the first record of a naturalized popu- lation of the Red swamp crayfish was reported by D’Angelo & Lo Valvo (2003) for the Nature Reserve “Lago Preola e Gorghi Tondi” (Trapani province). There, despite several attempts aimed at the eradication of this population, the species is still present with a thriving population. RESULTS In October 2012 a single, gravid, P. clarkii fe- male was collected by an angler (L. Sapienza, pers. 426 Chiara Di Leo et alii comm.) in the “Rosamarina” reservoir (Palermo province, UTM WGS84 33S 381200 - 4201700), a large man-made lake located approximately 95 km NE of the only other known Sicilian occurrence site of the species (D’Angelo & Lo Valvo, 2003) (Fig. 1). “Rosamarina” is a mesotrophic canyon reservoir, characterised by sulphate-rich waters and scarcely pronounced water-level fluctuations (Naselli-Flores et al., 2003), it was built between 1972 and 1992 through the damming of “San Feonardo” river, and it has a maximum surface area of 5.5 km 2 , with a mean depth of 19.2 m and a maximum depth of 61m (Naselli-Flores et al., 2003). Following the first sighting of a Red swamp crayfish in “Rosamarina” reservoir, an ex- ploratory trapping campaign was carried out be- tween November and December 2012, but no crayfish was captured nor observed. For the cap- ture was used a home-made funnel trap measuring 25x30x70 cm, baited with fish fillet and canned tuna. The trap was positioned at the same point of first observation, at approximately 70 cm deep in a muddy bottom. In May 2013 some remains of a preyed crayfish were found near the first observation site (F. Sapienza, pers. comm.) and a second sampling ses- sion was thus carried out. The trapping campaign was conducted near the first observation site, in a second site located approximately 1 km SW from the first and in a third site in “San Feonardo” river. The trapping area covered the whole length of the lake (approximately 6 km). In the frame of the sec- ond session four individuals of Red swamp crayfish (2 males and 2 females) were trapped in all the three Figure 1. Records of Red swamp crayfish reported in Sicily: 1. Nature Reserve “Lago Preola e Gorghi Tondi” (D’Angelo & Lo Valvo, 2003); 2. “Diga Rosamarina“ (present work). Date E N 1 gravid female* 20/10/2012 33S 381046 4200869 Remains 26/05/2013 33S 381304 4201154 1 male, 1 female** 31/05/2013 33S 381220 4201072 1 female** 07/06/2013 33S 381010 4200181 1 male** 14/06/2013 33S 377762 4196287 Table 1. Observations data and geographic coordinates (UTM WGS84) of Red swamp crayfish in the "Rosamarina" reservoir; *first observation, * individuals detected during the trapping campaign. points (Table 1). Their size ranged from 98 to 115 mm in total length. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of several individuals in a wide area of the lake suggests the presence of a natural- ized population of Red swamp crayfish. This popu- lation probably derives from a different introduction event from the one which originated the other pop- ulation known for the island (D’Angelo & To Valvo, 2003). Aquatic non-native species are known to have severe adverse effects on invaded ecosystems, as it was verified in Sicily for the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) (Fillo et al., 2011). Red swamp crayfish is a polytrophic species (Ilheu & Bernardo, 1993; Momot, 1995; Gutierrez -Yurrita et al., 1999; Salvi, 1999), that may lead heavy modifications in food webs and specific richness (Statzner et al., 2003; Creed & Reed, 2004). Fur- thermore, negative effects of feeding behaviour of non-native Cambaridae are known on macrophytes asseblages, amphibians, fish, crustacean and mol- luscs (Seroll & Coler, 1975; Fodge & Forman, 1987; Fodge et al., 1994; Diamond, 1996; Gherardi et al., 2001; Renai & Gherardi, 2004; Gherardi & Acquistapace, 2007). The strong burrowing activity of the species is known to cause damages on agri- cultural areas, dams, dykes, riparian vegetation, and it increases water turbidity (Huner, 1988; Correia & Ferreira, 1995; Anastacio & Marques, 1997; Fon- seca et al., 1997). Keeping in mind the invasiveness and the pos- sible negative effects of the Red swamp crayfish on the already threatened Sicilian autochthonous A new record of the Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Crustacea Cambaridae), in Sicily, Italy 427 biota, this new finding stresses the need for the real- ization of sound monitoring of the species through- out the island, and the advisability of the planning of adequate management plans. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Luca Sapienza for letting us know the first and the second observation of P. clarkii in the “Rosamarina” reservoir and Federico Marrone (Palermo, Italy) for his valuable advice during the writing of the manuscript. REFERENCES Ackefors H., 1999. The positive effects of established crayfish introductions in Europe. In: Gherardi F., Holdich D.M., 1999. Crayfish in Europe as Alien Species (How to make the best of a bad situation?). Crustacean issues 11, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp. 49-62. Anastacio P.M. & Marques J.C., 1997. Crayfish, Procam- barus clarkii, effects on initial stages of rice growth in the lower Mondego River valley (Portugal). Freshwater Crayfish, 11: 608-617. Aquiloni L., Tricarico E. & Gherardi F., 2010. Crayfish in Italy: distribution, threats and management. Inter- national Aquatic Research, 2: 1-14. Correia A.M. & Ferreira 0.,1995. Burrowing behaviour of the introduced red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Portugal. Crus- tacean Biology, 15: 248-257 Creed R.P. & Reed J.M., 2004. Ecosystem engineering by crayfish in a headwater stream community. Jour- nal of the North American Benthological Society, 23: 224-236. D’Angelo S. & Lo Valvo M., 2003. On the presence of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Sicily. II Naturalista Siciliano, 27: 325-327 . Del Mastro G.B., 1992. Sull’acclimatazione del gambero della Louisiana Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) nelle acque dolci italiane (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae). Pianura, 4: 5-10. Diamond J.M., 1996. A-bombs against amphibians. Na- ture, 383: 386-387. Fonseca J.C., Marques J.C. & Madeira V.M.C., 1997. Oxygen uptake inhibition in Procambarus clarkii, red swamp crayfish by biodegradable surfactans: an ecotechnological approach for population control in rice fields. Freshwater Crayfish, 11: 235-242 Froglia C., 1995. Crustacea Malacostraca III (Decapoda). In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (Eds.). Check- list delle specie della fauna italiana, 3 1 . Calderini, Bologna. Gherardi F., Renai B. & Corti C., 2001. Crayfish preda- tion on tadpoles: a comparison between a native (Au- stropotamobius pallipes) and an alien species (Procambarus clarkii). Bulletin Franqais de la Peche et de la Pisciculture, 361: 659-668. Gherardi F. & Acquistapace P., 2007. Invasive crayfish in Europe: the impact of Procambarus clarkii on the littoral community of a Mediterranean lake. Freshwa- ter Biology, 52: 1249-1259. Gutierrez- Yurrita P.J., Martinez J.M., Bravo-Utrera M.A., Montes C., Ilheu M. & Bernardo J.M., 1999. The sta- tus of crayfish populations in Spain and Portugal. In: Gherardi F. & Holdich D.M. (Eds.). Crayfish in Eu- rope as alien species. How to make the best of a bad situation? Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, pp. 161-192. Hobbs H.H., Jass J.P. & Huner J.V., 1989. A review of global crayfish introductions with particular empha- sis on two North American species (Decapoda, Cam- baridae). Crustaceana, 56: 299-316. Huner J.V., 1988. Procambarus in North America and elsewhere. In: D.M. Holdich & R.S. Lowery (Eds.), Freshwater Crayfish: biology, management and ex- ploitation. London, Chapman and Hall, 239-261 pp. Ilheu M. & Bernardo J.M., 1993. Aspects of trophic eco- logy of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard) in Alentejo, South Portugal. Actas VI Con- greso Esparto 1 de Limologia, pp. 4 1 7—423. Lillo F., Faraone F.P. & Lo Valvo M., 2011. Can the introduction of Xenopus laevis affect native amphib- ian populations? Reduction of reproductive occur- rence in presence of the invasive species. Biological Invasions, 13-7: 1533-1541. Lodge D.M., Kershner M.W., Aloi J.E. & Covich A., 1994. Effects of an omnivorous crayfish ( Orconectes rusticus ) on a freshwater littoral food web. Ecology, 75: 1265-1281. Lodge D.M. & Lorman J.G., 1987. Reductions in sub- mersed macrophyte biomass and species richness by the crayfish Orconectes rusticus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 44: 591-597. Mazzoni D., Minelli G., Quaglio F. & Rizzoli M., 1996. Sulla presenza del gambero della Louisiana Procam- barus clarkii (Girard, 1852) nelle acque interne dell’Emilia-Romagna. In: Atti Conv. 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Atlas of Crayfish in Europe, Museum national d’Histoire naturelle (Patrimoines naturels, 64), Paris, 187 pp. Statzner B., Peltret O. & Tomanova S., 2003. Crayfish as geomorphic agents and ecosystem engineers: effect of a biomass gradient on baseflow and flood- induced transport of gravel and sand in experimental streams. Freshwater Biology, 48: 147-163. Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 429-442 Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family Vittorio Aliquo 1 & Fabien Soldati 2 'Via Umberto Giordano 234, 90144 Palermo, Italy; e-mail: vitaliq@tin.it 2 Office National des Forets, Laboratoire National d’Entomologie Forestiere, 2 me Charles Peguy, 11500 Quillan, France; e-mail: fabien.soldati@onf.fr ABSTRACT The authors update their recent work on Italian Tenebrionidae. At first, they present main taxonomic changes, new taxa to Italian fauna and new faunistic data, secondly they present an up to date check-list of Italian Tenebrionidae, including Sardinia and Sicily. KEY WORDS Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae; Italy; updated check-list. Received 06.08.2014; accepted 18.09.2014; printed 30.09.2014 INTRODUCTION A few years have passed since the publication of the CD-rom on the fauna of Italy for Tenebrion- idae Latreille, 1802 (Aliquo et al., 2007) and still some new data, new studies and the emergence of new ideas lead us to publish these update notes that can integrate our previous work and make it more useful to those who wish to consult it. We are not, of course, sorry for these contingen- cies, but rather comforted to see how rapidly knowl- edge progress and many scholars devote themselves to the very same arguments that have fascinated us and filled our lives. Also, we do not exclude to re-publish, in the next future, the CD in a more complete form, perhaps taking advantage of the techniques for comparison and determination expe- rienced in the latter CD of the series. This paper is divided into two distinct parts. The first one includes “addenda et corrigenda” to the previous CD, excluding the numerous system- atic and taxonomic changes reported in the Cata- logue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Lobl et al., 2008). The second part is the complete checklist of Tene- brionidae fauna of Italy updated from the taxo- nomic point of view, based on the work of Lobl et al. (2008), and including all new entities listed in the first part. I-CD-ROM Update Akis Herbst, 1799 Akis tuberculata Kraatz, 1865 is considered as a species distinct by A. bacarozzo (Schrank, 1786) by Ferrer et al. (2008). Although not reported for Italy by these authors, is probably frequent in Sardinia as it occurs throughout Corsica. We do not agree with the same authors for the synonymy of A. italica Solier, 1837 and A. barbara Solier, 1837 with A. trilineata Herbst, 1799. Alphitobius Stephens, 1829 M. Violi reports the presence of Alphitobius dia- perinus (Panzer, 1796) at Lampedusa (www.ento- mologiitaliani . it) . Alphitophagus Stephens, 1832 It is reported the presence of Alphitophagus 430 Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati bifasciatus (Say, 1824) also for the Marche (Gio- vagnoli et al., 2012). Ammobius Guerin-Meneville, 1844 Findings have been reported for the Marche, thus confirming the previous indication of the presence of Ammobius rufus (Lucas, 1846) in that region (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Asida Latreille, 1802 To this genus must be added the new species of Asida, all endemics of Sardinia and strictly local- ized, described by Leo (2009): Asida (A.) dry as (Fig. 1), A. (A.) anachoreta and A (A.) solieri ssp. caroli and by Leo (2012): A. (A.) androgyna, A. (A.) nurrae and A (A.) paulae. At present it is reported the presence of A. dryas in the area of Capoterra and S Sulcis, and E and SE of Cagliari; of A. ana- choreta on Mount Linas (at Medio Campidano); of A. solieri caroli on Mount Arci at SW of Oristano, being A. solieri solieri limited to the coast around Gonnesa and Teulada, while in the islands of San Pietro and S. Antioco is found A. solieri fancelloi Leo, 1984. Additional new species are strictly local- ized as well: A. androgyna at the Southeastern end of Sardinia, in the southern part of the massif of Sarrabus including Monte dei Sette Fratelli; A. nur- rae at Argentiera on the S coast of the Stintino peninsula and A. paulae in the same peninsula and in the islands of Piana and Asmara. Blaps Fabricius, 1775 Findings from precise locations of the Marche are reported, thus confirming the previous indica- tion of the presence of Blaps gibba Laporte de Castelnau, 1 840, B. lethifera Marsham, 1 802 and B. mucronata Latreille, 1804 in that region (Gio- vagnoli et al., 2012). Boromorphus Wollaston, 1854 Gardini (2010) describes Boromorphus italicus, the first representative for Italy of the genus and Boro- morphini tribe, present in Calabria and Basilicata. Corticeus Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783 The presence of Corticeus fasciatus (Fabricius, 1790) is reported for Marche, moreover is con- firmed, in the same region, the occurrence of C. uni- color Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783 (Giovagnoli et al., 2012 ). Dendarus Dejean, 1821 To Dendarus ( Pandarinus ) peslieri Soldati, 2012 (Fig. 2), described from Ionian Greece, should be attributed all populations from Apulia so far indicated as belonging to D. coelatus Brulle, 1832 (Soldati, 2012). On the contrary, this latter is en- demic to the Peloponnese. In addition, findings of Dendarus ( Pandarinus ) dalmatinus (Germar, 1 824) are reported as new record for the Marche (Gio- vagnoli et al., 2012). Diaclina Jacquelin du Val, 1861 The presence of Diaclina fagi (Panzer, 1799) is reported for the Marche (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Diaperis Geoffroy, 1762 Findings from some locations of the Marche are reported, thus confirming the previous generic re- port on the presence of Diaperis boleti (Linnaeus, 1758) in that region (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Dichillus Jacquelin du Val, 1861 Must be added the new species described by Leo (2008): Dichillus ( D .) tyrrhenicus (Fig. 3) and D. ( D .) tapinomae, this latter endemic to Sardinia, known at present only of the beach and the dunes of San Giovanni di Sinis, where it lives in the nests of the ant Tapinoma simrothi Krausse, 1911. D. tyrrhenicus is spread throughout the island. All quotes of D. corsicus (Sober, 1838) and D. pumilus sensu Auctores nee Sober, 1838 for Argentario, Elba and Tuscan Islands should be referred to D. tyrrhenicus. Whereas reports of other Dichillus from Calabria, Basilicata and Campania should instead be referred to D. corsicus (Sober, 1838). Elenophorus Dejean, 1821 In Lobl et al. (2008) Elenophorus Dejean, 1821 is replaced with Leptoderis Billberg, 1 820, without any explanations in the introduction to the Cata- logue. If the reason is, as indicated by Silfverberg (1984), only the priority of the name, we do not agree. According to the article 23.9 of the Interna- tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), Leptoderis should be considered “nomen oblitum”, as probably never used after its original Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family 431 Figure 1 . Asida dryas. Sardinia, Cagliari: Domusdemaria, Pixina Manna, 9.VI.2003, L. Fancello leg. description, while Elenophorus, which has been used consistently by all subsequent authors, should be considered “nomen protectum”. Eutagenia Reitter, 1886 The presence of Eutagenia aegyptiaca tunisea Normand, 1936 is reported also from Lampione islet (Lo Cascio & Pasta, 2012). Gonocephalum Sober, 1834 A record from the Marche is reported, thus con- firming the previous indication of the presence of Gonocephalum (G.) granulatum nigrum (Kiister, 1849) in that region (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Latheticus Waterhouse, 1880 It is reported the capture of Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse, 1880 in Piedmont (Evangelista, 2011). Leichenum Dejean, 1834 Is reported the presence of Leichenum pictum (Fabricius, 1801) also for the coast of Marche (Gio- vagnoli et al., 2012). Melanimon Steven, 1829 Is reported the presence of Melanimon tibiale Figure 2. Dendarus peslieri. Apulia, Lecce, Meledugno, S. Foca-Torre dell'Orso, 25-28.VI.2007, R. Lisa leg. (Fabricius, 1781) also for the coasts of Marche (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 Is indicated the presence of Nalassus ( N .) der- mestoides (Illiger, 1798) also for the Marche (Gio- vagnoli et al., 2012). Odocnemis Allard, 1876 Is reported the presence of Odocnemis exaratus (Germar, 1817) also for the Marche (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Opatrum Fabricius, 1775 G. Altadonna reports and documents the capture of Opatrum ( Colpophorus ) validum validum Rot- tenberg, 1871 (www.entomologiitaliani.it), on Mount Etna, E side, at Milo, thus confirming that the species is still present in Sicily, place of origin of some specimens of the typical series. Opatrum dahli Kiister, 1849 indicated in the CD as endemic to Sardinia and Corsica, on the contrary is not present on the latter island, where is replaced by O. malgorzatae (Feo et al., 2011). Pentaphyllus Dejean, 1821 Is reported the presence of Pentaphyllus tes- 432 Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati taceus (Hellwig, 1792) in Piedmont (Evangelista, 2011 ). Phaleria Latreille, 1802 Actually, the photo of Phaleria provincialis ghidinii Canzoneri, 1961 in the paper by Aliquo' et al. (2007) is of Phaleria acuminata Kiister, 1852. The distribution shown for the latter species in- cludes, incorrectly, Liguria, Emilia Romagna, Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia, regions for which there are no reliable reportings. Phylan Dejean, 1821 Phylan (P) poggii Ferrer, 2013 is described from Ischia and Southern Italy (Ferrer, 2013). Pimelia Fabricius, 1775 Pimelia bipunctata papii Canzoneri, 1963, re- ported from Liguria and Tuscany, is synonymous with the typical form of P bipunctata Fabricius, 1781. Its subspecies P. bipunctata cajetana Senac, 1887 is instead a valid species of Central and South- ern Italy (Ferrer & Castro Tovar, 2012). Also the photos in the CD are to be interpreted in this way. Probaticus Seidlitz, 1896 Sparacio (2007) described Probaticus cossyren- Figure 3. Dichillus tyrrhenicus. Sardinia, Nuoro: Villanova Strisaili, altitude 1000 m, 23. V. 1974. sis (Fig. 4), an endemic species from Pantelleria is- land, to which should be attributed the specimens from the same island previously reported as P. an- thrax (Seidlitz, 1896). Scaphidema L. Redtenbacher, 1849 Is reported the presence of Scaphidema metal- lica (Fabricius, 1792) for the Marche (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Scaurus Fabricius, 1775 Is reported the presence of Scaurus striatus Fabricius, 1792 and of S. tristis A.G. Olivier, 1795 also for the Marche, for populations which, how- ever, might result from accidental importation (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Stenosis Herbst, 1799 Stenosis angusticollis elongatissima Koch, 1940 is to be considered a synonym of S. angusticollis (Reiche, 1861) (Leo, 2008). Findings are reported from some locations in Marche, thus confirming the previous generic indication of the presence of S. intermedia (Sober, 1838) in that region (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). Tentyria Latreille, 1802 Tentyria ramburi is attributed to the subgenus Figure 4. Probaticus cossyrensis, paratypus. Sicily, Tra- pani: Pantelleria, VIII. 1987, V. Aliquo leg. Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family 433 Subtentyrina Lobl et Merkl, 2003 (Leo, 2009). Ac- cording to the same author, T. (I) rugosa Gene, 1836 is a valid species, not subspecies of T. (S'.) ramburi Sober, 1835, and to T. ( T.) rugosa belong the subspecies floresii Gene, 1836 and cassolai Ar- doin, 1973. Uloma Dejean, 1821 It is reported a record from Marche, thus confirm- ing the previous indication of the presence of Uloma culinaris (Linnaeus, 1758) in that region (Giovagnoli et al., 2012). II - UPDATING OF THE CHECKLIST OF THE FAUNA OF ITALY For many years, Tenebrionidae of Italy were grouped only by tribe, according to an ancient tra- dition that has its best expression especially in the Tables of the monumental book "Fauna coleoptero- rum italica" by Porta (1934), for over half a century a true "summa" of the Italian systematic entomol- ogy, which made it easily accessible, by translating and adapting them, the most classic studies of nearly one hundred years before (between 800 and 900) and, for Tenebrionidae in particular, numerous papers by E. Reitter and H. Gebien. The order of presentation is very similar to that of the more recent check-list by Gardini (1995), which has been widely used and also followed in the preparation of the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy (Aliquo et al., 2007). In the 70s and then more frequently from the late 80s of the last century, many studies appeared dealing with systematics of Tenebrionidae (Watt, 1974; Doyen & Lawrence, 1979; Kwieton, 1982; Doyen et al., 1989; Lawrence & Newton, 1995, and subsequently in particular Aalbu et al., 2002; Bouchard et al., 2005; Aalbu, 2006;), in the light of which the overall picture of the Family can be said to have been profoundly changed, with the grouping of tribes in subfamilies according to dif- ferent schemes which, over time, have been widely accepted. An authoritative version is given in the recent fundamental catalog of Palaearctic Coleoptera pub- lished by Lobl & Smetana (2008), written, of course, with the help of leading specialists in the world. At the same time the opinion that Tenebri- onidae comprise the old families Lagriidae and Alleculidae is now accepted by almost everyone. Even the inclusion of the genus Myrmechixenus Chevrolat, 1835 (considered, at times, to belong to Mycetophagidae or Colydiidae or to other families) with a 4-4-4 tarsal formula (which is not the Heteromera kind) is not so surprising, because one may find Bolitophagini or Phrenapatinae with a not Heteromera-type tarsal formula. So it’s no longer justified not to draw the appropriate con- clusions, and a new edition of the CD should be completed including also the species belonging to the subfamily Alleculinae (Fig. 5). Following the approach adopted by Lobl et al. (2008), the list of Tenebrionidae of Italy and of the species and subspecies definitely present in Italy or reliably indicated by catches in the Italian territory, should be updated as follows. The updated checklist includes 387 taxa, as some species includes one or more subspecies. All endemic taxa of Italian fauna are 139, species and subspecie, and they are indicated with [E]. When the nominal form of a species is not present in Italy, although substituted by one or more sub- species, it is reported within brackets []. New taxa at the species or subspecies level published after the CD-Rom by Aliquo et al. (2007) are mentioned in bold. Figure 5. Isomira melanophtalma. Corsica, Mausoleo, 16.V.2003, F. Soldati leg. 434 Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati TENEBRIONIDAE check-list L AGRIIN AE Latreille, 1825 Belopini Reitter, 1917 Centorus Mulsant, 1854 ( Centorus ) crassipes (Fischer von Waldheim, 1844) (Centorus) proceroides Leo, 1984 [E] [( Belopus ) elongatus (Flerbst, 1797)] ssp. ecalcaratus (Seidlitz, 1896) Cossyphini Latreille, 1802 Cossyphus A.G. Olivier, 1791 (Cossyphus) moniliferus Chevrolat, 1833 (Cossyphus) tauricus Steven, 1832 Laenini Seidlitz, 1896 Laena Dejean, 1821 viennensis (Sturm, 1807) Lagriini Latreille, 1825 Lagria Fabricius, 1775 (Apteronympha) rugosula Rosenhauer, 1856 = glabrata A.G. Olivier, 1797 (Lagria) atripes Mulsant et Guillebeau, 1855 (Lagria) hirta (Linnaeus, 1758) PHRENAPATINAE Sober, 1834 Penetini Lacordaire, 1859 Clamoris Des Gozis, 1886 crenatus (Mulsant, 1854) PIMELIINAE Latreille, 1802 Adelostomini Sober, 1834 Machlopsis Pomel, 1871 doderoi Gridelli, 1930 Akidini Billberg, 1820 Akis Herbst, 1799 bacarozzo (Schrank, 1786) barbara Sober, 1837 italica Sober, 1837 subterranea Sober, 1837 trilineata Herbst, 1799 tuberculata Kraatz, 1865 Asidini Fleming, 1821 Alphasida Escalera, 1905 (Glabrasida) gross a (Sober, 1836) [E] ssp. sicula (Sober, 1836) [E] [( Glabrasida ) puncticollis (Sober, 1836)] ssp. moltonii Canzoneri, 1972 [E] ssp. tirellii (Leoni, 1929) [E] Asida Latreille, 1802 (Asida) anachoreta Leo, 2009 [E] (Asida) androgyna Leo, 2012 [E] (Asida) argentierae Leo, 1980 [E] (Asida) australis Baudi, 1875 [E] (Asida) bayardi Sober, 1836 [E] ssp. blaptoides Leoni, 1909 [E] ssp. leosinii Leoni, 1909 [E] (Asida) calabra Leoni, 1909 [E] (Asida) combae Gene, 1839 [E] (Asida) Corsica Laporte de Castelnau, 1833 ssp. genei Sober, 1836 [E] (Asida) dejeanii Sober, 1836 (Asida) doderoi Leoni, 1910 [E| (Asida) dorgaliensis Leoni, 1911 [E] ssp. montalbica Reitter, 1917 [E] (Asida) dryas Leo, 2009 [E] (Asida) fascicularis (Germar, 1817) ssp .fiorii Leoni, 1909 [E] (Asida) gestroi Leoni, 1910 [E] ssp. capraiensis Gridelli, 1972 [E] ssp. gardinii Lo Cascio, 2000 [E] ssp. lanzai Leo, 1998 [E] ssp. tyrrhena Leoni, 1910 [E] (Asida) glacialis Gene, 1839 [E| ssp. barbaricina Leoni, 1911 [E] ssp. rustica Gene, 1839 [E] (Asida) goryi Sober, 1836 [E] ? (Asida) incerta Leoni, 1910 [E] (Asida) ligurica Baudi, 1875 (Asida) longicollis Sober, 1836 (Asida) lostiae Allard, 1888 [E] (Asida) luigionii Leoni, 1910 [E] Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family 435 ssp. doriae Leoni, 1910 [E] ssp. insularis Leoni, 1910 [E] ( Asida ) lulensis Reitter, 1917 [E] ( Asida ) minima Reitter, 1917 [E] (Asida) novasiriensis Grimm, 1985 [E] (Asida) nuragica Leo, 1985 [E] (Asida) nurrae Leo, 2012 [E] (Asida) paulae Leo, 2012 [E] (Asida) piligera Leoni, 1909 [E] (Asida) pirazzolii Allard, 1869 [E] ssp. sardiniensis Allard, 1869 [E] (Asida) sabulosa (Fuessly, 1775) (Asida) sardoa Leoni, 1910 [E] (Asida) schusteri Reitter, 1917 (Asida) solieri Gene, 1836 [E] ssp. caroli Leo, 2009 [E] ssp.fancelloiLQO, 1985 [E] (Polasida) poneli F. Soldati et L. Soldati, 2001 Boromorphini Skopin, 1978 Boromorphus Wollaston, 1854 italicus Gardini, 2010 [E] Cnemeplatiini Jacquelin du Val, 1861 Cnemeplatia A. Costa, 1 847 atropos A. Costa, 1 847 Elenophorini Solier, 1837 Elenophorus Dej ean, 1821 collaris (Linnaeus, 1767) Erodiini Billberg, 1820 Erodius Fabricius, 1775 [(Erodius) audouini Solier, 1834] ssp. destefanii Failla Tedaldi, 1887 [E| ssp .peiroleri Solier, 1834 (Erodius) siculus Solier, 1834 [E] ssp. neapolitanus Solier, 1834 [E] ssp. dalmatinus Kraatz, 1865 Pimeliini Latreille, 1802 Pimelia Fabricius, 1775 [(Pimelia) angusticollis Solier, 1836] ssp . punctatorugosa Reitter, 1915 [E| ssp. sulcitana Leo et Pisano, 1978 [E| (Pimelia) bipunctata Fabricius, 1781 =papii Canzoneri, 1963) [E] (Pimelia) cajetana Senac, 1887 [E] (Pimelia) goryi Solier, 1836 [E] ssp. cassolai Ardoin, 1973 [E] (Pimelia) grossa Fabricius, 1792 (Pimelia) payraudi Latreille, 1829 ssp. subalpina Ardoin, 1973 [E] (Pimelia) rugulosa Germar, 1824 [E] ssp. apula Gridelli, 1950 [E] ssp. sublaevigata Solier, 1836 [E] (Pimelia) undulata Solier, 1836 [E] Trachyderma Latreille, 1 829 (Trachyderma) lima (L. Petagna, 1819) Sepidiini Eschscholtz, 1829 Sepidium Fabricius, 1775 siculum Solier, 1844 [E] Stenosini Lacordaire, 1859 Dichillus Jacquelin du Val, 1861 (Dichillus) corsicus (Solier, 1838) =pumilus Solier, 1838 (Dichillus) minutus (Solier, 1838) (Dichillus) socius Rottenberg, 1871 [E] (Dichillus) subtilis Kraatz, 1862 [E] (Dichillus) tapinomae Leo, 2008 [E] (Dichillus) tyrrhenicus Leo, 2008 (Dichillocerus) pertusus (Kiesenwetter, 1861) Eutagenia Reitter, 1886 [aegyptiaca Reitter, 1889] ssp. tunisea Norm and, 1936 elvirae Marcuzzi et Turchetto, 1982 [E] Microtelus Solier, 1838 lethierryi Reiche, 1860 Stenosis Herbst, 1799 angusticollis (Reiche, 1861) = elongatissima Koch, 1940 brenthoides (Rossi, 1790) brignonei Koch, 1935 [E] consiglioi Canzoneri, 1976 [E] freyi Koch, 1 940 intermedia (Solier, 1838) melitana Reitter, 1894 sardoa (Kiister, 1 848) ssp. ardoini Canzoneri, 1970 [E] 436 Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati Tentyriini Eschscholtz, 1831 Imatismus Dejean, 1834 villosus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1870) Pachychila Eschscholtz, 1831 [( Pachychila ) crassicollis Kraatz, 1865] ssp. cossyrensis (Ragusa, 1875) (Pachychila) frioli Solier, 1835 (Pachychila) germari Solier, 1835 (Pachychila) sewillei (Solier, 1835) (Pachychila) tazmaltensis Desbrochers des Loges, 1881 (Pachychilina) dejeani (Besser, 1832) ssp. doderoi Peyerimhoff, 1927 Tentyria Latreille, 1802 (Tentyria) grossa Besser, 1832 ssp. angustata Kraatz, 1896 [E] ssp. sommieri Baudi, 1874 [E] ssp. sardiniensis Ardoin, 1973[E] (Tentyria) italica Solier, 1835 (Tentyria) laevigata Steven, 1829 [E| (Tentyria) rugosa Gene, 1836 [E] ssp. cassolai Ardoin, 1973 [E] ssp .floresii Gene, 1836 [E] (Subtentyrina) ligurica Solier, 1835 ssp. confusa Ardoin, 1973 [E] ssp. pseudorugosa Ardoin, 1973 [E] (Subtentyrina) ramburi Solier, 1835 = maillei Solier, 1835 Zophosini Solier, 1834 Zophosis Latreille, 1 802 (Oculosis) punctata Brulle, 1832 TENEBRIONINAE Latreille, 1802 Alphitobiini Reitter, 1917 Alphitobius Stephens, 1829 diaperinus (Panzer, 1796) laevigatus (F abricius , 1781) Diaclina Jacquelin du Val, 1861 fagi (Panzer, 1799) testudinea (Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783) Blaptini Leach, 1815 Blaps Fabricius, 1775 (Blaps) gibba Laporte de Castelnau, 1 840 (Blaps) gigas (Linnaeus, 1767) (Blaps) lethifera Marsham, 1802 (Blaps) mucronata Latreille, 1804 [(Blaps) nitens Laporte de Castelnau, 1 840] ssp. mercatii Canzoneri, 1969 [E] Bolitophagini Kirby, 1837 Bolitophagus Illiger, 1798 interruptus Illiger, 1800 reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1767) Eledona Latreille, 1796 agricola (Herbst, 1783) Eledonoprius Reitter, 1911 armatus (Panzer, 1799) serrifrons Reitter, 1890 Helopini Latreille, 1802 Accanthopus Dejean, 1821 = Enoplopus Solier, 1 848 velikensis (Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783) = dentipes (Rossi, 1790) Allardius Ragusa, 1898 oculatus (Baudi di Selve, 1876) [E] sardiniensis (Allard, 1877) [E] Catomus Allard, 1876 (Catomus) consentaneus (Kiister, 1851) (Catomus) rotundicollis (Guerin-Meneville, 1825) Gunarus Des Gozis, 1886 parvulus (Lucas, 1846) Helops Fabricius, 1775 (Helops) caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Helops) rossii Germar, 1817 Italohelops Espanol, 1961 subchalybaeus (Reitter, 1907) [E] Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 (Nalassus) aemulus (Kiister, 1850) Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family 437 ssp. calaritanus Leo, 1985 [E] ( Nalassus ) alpigradus (Fairmaire, 1883) ( Nalassus ) convexus (Comolli, 1837) ( Nalassus ) dermestoides (Illiger, 1798) ( Nalassus ) dtyadophilus (Mulsant, 1854) ( Nalassus ) ecoffeti (Kiister, 1850) =picinus (Kiister, 1850) (Nalassus) genei (Gene, 1839) ssp. melonii Leo, 1982 [E] (Nalassus) pastai Aliquo, Leo et Lo Cascio, 2006 [E] (Nalassus) planipennis (Kiister, 1850) [E] (Nalassus) plebejus (Kiister, 1850) (Helopondrus) assimilis (Kiister, 1850) Nephodinus Gebien, 1943 = Nephodes Blanchard, 1 845 (Nephodinus) metallescens (Kiister, 1 846) Odocnemis Allard, 1 876 (Odocnemis) clypeatus (Kiister, 1851) [E] (Odocnemis) exaratus (Germar, 1817) (Odocnemis) osellai (Gardini, 1979) [E] (Odocnemis) ruffoi (Canzoneri, 1970) [E] Probaticus Seidlitz, 1896 (Helopotrichus) gibbithorax (Gemm inger, 1870) [E] (Helopotrichus) sphaericollis (Kiister, 1850) [E] (Helopotrichus) tomentosus (Reitter, 1906) = siculus (Canzoneri, 1960) [E] (Pelorinus) anthrax (Seidlitz, 1 896) [E] (Pelorinus) cossyrensis Sparacio, 2007 [E] (Pelorinus) ebeninus (A. Villa et J.B. Villa, 1838) ssp. cassolai Ardoin, 1973 [E] Raiboscelis Allard, 1876 azureus (Brulle, 1832) Stenohelops Reitter, 1 922 (Gunarellus) carlofortinus Leo, 1980 [E] Stenomax Allard, 1876 (Stenomax) aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) (Asyrmatus) foudrasii (Mulsant, 1854) (Asyrmatus) piceus (J. Sturm, 1 826) Xanthomus Mulsant, 1 854 pallidus (Curtis, 1830) = ghidinii Canzoneri, 1959; residuus Canzoneri, 1959 pellucidus (Mulsant et Rey, 1856) grimmi Ferrer et Whitehead, 2002 [E] Melanimini Seidlitz, 1894 Cheirodes Gene, 1839 (Cheirodes) sardous Gene, 1839 (Pseudanemia) brevicollis Wollaston, 1864 Melanimon Steven, 1829 tibiale (Fabricius, 1781) Opatrini Brulle, 1832 Ammobius Guerin-Meneville, 1 844 rufus (Lucas, 1 846) Clitobius Mulsant et Rey, 1859 (Clitobius) ovatus (Erichson, 1843) Dilamus Jacquelin du Val, 1861 (Dilamus) planicollis Fairmaire, 1883 Gonocephalum Sober, 1834 (Gonocephalum) assimile (Kiister, 1849) [E] (Gonocephalum) costatum (Brulle, 1832) ((Gonocephalum) granulation (Fabricius, 1792)] ssp. meridionale (Kiister, 1849) ssp. nigrum (Kiister, 1849) (Gonocephalum) lefranci (Fairmaire, 1863) (Gonocephalum) obscurum (Kiister, 1849) (Gonocephalum) perlexum (Lucas, 1846) (Gonocephalum) pygmaeum (Steven, 1829) (Gonocephalum) rusticum (A.G. Olivier, 1811) (Gonocephalum) setulosum (Faldermann, 1837) Opatroides Brulle, 1832 punctulatus Brulle, 1832 Opatrum Fabricius, 1775 (Opatrum) asperidorsum Fairmaire, 1878 (Opatrum) dahli Kiister, 1849 [E] (Opatrum) italicum Reitter, 1904 [E] (Opatrum) obesum A.G. Olivier, 1811 (Opatrum) sabulosum (Linnaeus, 1760) ssp. lucifugum Kiister, 1849 ssp. sculptum Rey, 1892 (Opatrum) sculpturatum Fairmaire, 1860 ssp. capraiense Razzauti, 1919 [E] ssp. igiliense Razzauti, 1919 [E| 438 Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati ssp. ilvense Razzauti, 1919 [E] ssp. urgonense Razzauti, 1919 [E] ( Opatrum ) verrucosum Germar, 1817 {Colpophorus) emarginatum Lucas, 1846 ( Colpophorus ) nivale (Gene, 1839) [E] {Colpophorus) validum Rottenberg, 1871 [E] ssp. marcuzzii Canzoneri, 1972 [E] ssp. rottenbergi Canzoneri, 1972 [E] ssp. schlicki Gebien, 1906 Sclerum Dejean, 1834 armatum (Waltl, 1835) multistriatum (Forskal, 1775) Sinorus Mulsant et Reveilliere, 1860 colliardi (Fairmaire, 1860) Palorini Matthews, 2003 Palorus Mulsant, 1854 depressus (Fabricius, 1790) ratzeburgii (Wissmann, 1848) subdepressus (Wollaston, 1864) Ulomina Baudi, 1876 carinata Baudi, 1876 Pedinini Eschscholtz, 1829 Allophylax Bedel, 1906 ( Allophylax ) brevicollis (Baudi, 1876) [E] ( Allophylax ) picipes (A.G. Olivier, 1811) {Allophylax) sardous (Baudi, 1876) [E] {Phylaximon) costatipennis (Lucas, 1 846) ssp. godenigoi Canzoneri, 1970 [E] Bioplanes Mulsant, 1854 meridionalis Mulsant, 1854 Colpotus Mulsant et Rey, 1853 godarti Mulsant et Rey, 1853 strigosus (A. Costa, 1847) [E] ssp. ganglbaueri D’Amore Fracassi, 1907 [E] ssp. oglasensis Gardini, 1975 [E] ssp. ragusai D’Amore Fracassi, 1907 [E] Dendarus Dejean, 1821 {Dendarus) carinatus (Mulsant et Rey, 1854) {Dendarus) coarcticollis (Mulsant, 1854) = tristis sensu Laporte de Castelnau, 1 840 {Paroderus) lugens (Mulsant et Rey, 1854) {Pandarinus) dalmatinus (Germar, 1 824) {Pandarinus) peslieri Soldati, 2012 Heliopathes Dejean, 1834 {Heliopates) avarus Mulsant et Rey, 1854 ssp. donatellae (Canzoneri, 1970) [E] {Heliopates) neptunius Baudi, 1875 [E] Leichenum Dejean, 1834 pictum (Fabricius, 1801) pulchellum (Lucas, 1846) Pedinus Latreille, 1796 {Pedinus) fallax Mulsant et Rey, 1853 {Pedinus) femoralis (Linnaeus, 1767) {Pedinus) helopioides Germar, 1814 {Pedinus) longulus Rottenberg, 1871 [E] {Pedinus) meridianus Mulsant et Rey, 1853 {Pedinus) punctatostriatus Mulsant et Rey, 1853 [E] {Pedinus) sicanus Canzoneri, 1984 [E] {Pedinus) siculus Seidlitz, 1893 [E] {Pedinulus) ragusae Baudi, 1876 =jonicus Kiesenwetter, 1880 Phylan Dejean, 1821 [{Phylan) abbreviatus (A.G. Olivier, 1795)] ssp. italicus (Reitter, 1904) [E] {Phylan) poggii Ferrer, 2013 [E| Psammoardoinellus Leo, 1980 sardiniensis (Ardoin, 1972) [E| Scaurini Billberg, 1820 Scaurus Fabricius, 1775 aegyptiacus Sober, 1838 = giganteus Kiister, 1 848 atratus Fabricius, 1775 striatus Fabricius, 1792 tristis A.G. Olivier, 1795 uncinus (Forster, 1771) =punctatus Fabricius, 1798) Tenebrionini Latreille, 1802 Neatus J.L. Le Conte, 1862 noctivagus (Mulsant et Rey, 1853) picipes (Herbst, 1797) Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family 439 Tenebrio Linnaeus, 1758 {Tenebrio) molitor Linnaeus, 1758 {Tenebrio) obscurus Fabricius, 1792 {Tenebrio) opacus Duftschmid, 1812 {Tenebrio) punctipennis Seidlitz, 1896 Triboliini Gistel, 1848 Latheticus Waterhouse, 1880 oryzae Waterhouse, 1880 Lyphia Mulsant et Rey, 1859 tetraphylla (Fairmaire, 1856) Tribolium W. S. Mac Leay, 1825 castaneum (Herbst, 1797) confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1861 madens (Charpentier, 1825) Ulomini Dejean, 1821 Uloma Dejean, 1821 culinaris (Linnaeus, 1758) rufa (Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783) DIAPERINAE Latreille, 1802 Crypticini Brulle, 1832 Crypticus Latreille, 1817 {Crypticus) gibbulus (Quensel, 1806) {Crypticus) quisquilius (Linnaeus, 1760) ssp. aprutianus Gridelli, 1949 [E] Lamprocrypticus Espanol, 1950 alpinus (Comolli, 1837) Oochrotus Lucas, 1852 unicolor Lucas, 1852 ssp. ardoini Canzoneri, 1961 [E] ssp. moltonii Canzoneri, 1961 [E] Pseudoseriscius Espanol, 1950 griseo vest is (Fai rmai re, 1879) helvolus (Kuster, 1852) ssp. adriaticus (Espanol, 1949) [normandi (Espanol, 1 949)] ssp. pacified Leo, 1982 [E] [olivierii (Desbrochers des Loges, 1881)] ssp. sardiniensis Leo, 1982 [E] Diaperini Latreille, 1802 Alphitophagus Stephens, 1832 bifasciatus (Say, 1824) Diaperis Geoffroy, 1762 boleti (Linnaeus, 1758) Gnatocerus Thunberg, 1814 {Gnatocerus) cornutus (Fabricius, 1798) {Echocerus) maxillosus (Fabricius, 1801) Neomida Latreille, 1829 haemorroidalis (Fabricius, 1787) Pen taphyl l us D ej e an , 1821 chrysomeloides { Rossi, 1792) testaceus (Hellwig, 1792) Platydema Laporte de Castelnau et Brulle, 1831 europaea Laporte de Castelnau et Brulle, 1831 violacea (Fabricius, 1790) Hypophlaeini Billberg, 1820 Corticeus Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783 {Corticeus) bicolor (A.G. Olivier, 1790) {Corticeus) bicoloroides (Roubal, 1933) {Corticeus) fasciatus (Fabricius, 1790) {Corticeus) fraxini (Kugelann, 1794) {Corticeus) linearis (Fabricius, 1790) {Corticeus) pini (Panzer, 1799) = leonhardi (Reitter, 1906) {Corticeus) suberis (Lucas, 1 846) {Corticeus) unicolor Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783 {Corticeus) versipellis (Baudi, 1876) Myrmechixenini Jacquelin du Val, 1858 Myrmechixenus Chevrolat, 1835 picinus (Aube, 1850) subterraneus Chevrolat, 1835 vaporariorum Guerin-Meneville, 1843 Phaleriini Blanchard, 1845 Halammobia Semenov, 1901 pellucida (Herbst, 1799) 440 Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati Phaleria Latreille, 1802 (Phaleria) acuminata Kiister, 1852 (Phaleria) bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1767) = marcuzzii Aliquo, 1993 ssp. adriatica Rey, 1891 (Phaleria) insulana Rey, 1890 [(Phaleria) provincial is Fauvel, 1901] ssp . ghidinii Canzoneri, 1961 [E] ssp. intermedia Schuster, 1930 (Phaleria) reveillierei Mulsant et Rey, 1858 Phtora Germar, 1836 (Phtora) crenata (Germar, 1836) Scaphidemini Reitter, 1922 Scaphidema L. Redtenbacher, 1 849 metallica (Fabricius, 1792) Trachyscelini Blanchard, 1845 Tr achy seel is L atrei lie, 1809 aphodioides Latreille, 1809 ALLEC ULINAE Laporte de Castelnau, 1840 Alleculini Laporte de Castelnau, 1840 Allecula Fabricius, 1801 (Allecula) morio (Fabricius, 1787) (Allecula) rhenana Bach, 1856 (Upinella) aterrima (Rosenhauer, 1847) Hymenalia Mulsant, 1856 rufipes (Fabricius, 1792) Hymenophorus Mulsant, 1851 doublieri Mulsant, 1851 Prionychus Sober, 1835 ater (Fabricius, 1775) fairmairei (Reiche, 1 860) lugens (Kiister, 1850) melanarius (Germar, 1813) Gerandryus Rottenberg, 1873 aetnensis (Rottenberg, 1871) Gonodera Mulsant, 1856 luperus (Herbst, 1783) metallica (Kiister, 1850) Isomira Mulsant, 1856 (Isomira) anaspiformis Weise, 1974 [E] (Isomira) genistae (Rottenberg, 1871) [E] (Isomira) hypocrita Mulsant, 1856 (Isomira) icteropa (Kiister, 1852) (Isomira) marcida Kiesenwetter, 1863 (Isomira) melanophthalma (Lucas, 1 846) = ferruginea (Kiister, 1850) (Isomira) murina (Linnaeus, 1758) = semiflava (Kiister, 1852) (Isomira) ochropus (Kiister, 1850) =parvula (Rottenberg, 1870) (Isomira) parvuloides Weise, 1974 [E] (Isomira) testacea Seidlitz, 1896 =paupercula( Baudi, 1883) (Isomira) umbellatarum (Kiesenwetter, 1863) (Danielomira) scutellaris (Baudi, 1877) [E] (Heteromira) costessii (Bertolini, 1 868) (Heteromira) moroi Holzel, 1958 Pseudocistela Crotch, 1873 ceramboides (Linnaeus, 1758) Mycetochara Berthold, 1827 (Mycetochara) axillaris (Paykull, 1799) (Mycetochara) flavipes (Fabricius, 1792) (Ernocharis) flavipennis Reitter, 1908 [Ej (Ernocharis) humeralis (Fabricius, 1787) (Ernocharis) maura (Fabricius, 1792) = linearis (Illiger, 1794) (Ernocharis) pygmaea (L. Redtenbacher, 1874) (Ernocharis) quadrimaculata (Latreille, 1804) (Ernocharis) thoracica (Gredler, 1 854) Cteniopodini Sober, 1835 Cteniopus Sober, 1835 (Cteniopus) neapolitanus Baudi, 1877 [E] (Cteniopus) sulphureus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rhinobarus) sulphuripes (Germar, 1824) Heliotaurus Mulsant, 1856 (Heliotaurus) distinctus (Laporte de Castelnau, 1840) Megischia Sober, 1835 curvipes (Brulle, 1832) Megischina Reitter, 1906 armillata (Brulle, 1832) Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family 441 Omophlus Dejean, 1834 (Euomophlus) rugosicollis (Brulle, 1832) (Odontomophlus) dispar A. Costa, 1847 [E] {Odontomophlus) fallaciosus Rottenberg, 1871 [E] (i Odontomophlus ) flavipennis Kiister, 1849 (i Odontomophlus ) infirmus Kirsch, 1869 ( Odontomophlus ) lepturoides (Fabricius, 1787) ( Omophlus ) longicornis Bertolini, 1868 {Omophlus) proteus Kirsch, 1869 {Paromophlus) hirtus Seidlitz, 1896 ( Paromophlus ) lividipes Mulsant, 1856 {Paromophlus) picipes (Fabricius, 1792) {Paromophlus) pubescens (Linnaeus, 1758) = betulae (Herbst, 1783), rufitarsis (Leske, 1785) Podonta Sober, 1835 italica Baudi, 1877 [E] nigrita (Fabricius, 1794) STENOCHIINAE Kirby, 1837 Cnodalonini Gistel, 1856 Iphthiminus Spilman, 1973 italicus (Truqui, 1857) Menephilus Mulsant, 1 854 cylindricus (Herbst, 1784) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are very grateful to our dear colleague and friend Dr. Marcello Romano (Palermo, Italy) for the photos of this paper. REFERENCES Aalbu R.A., 2006. 2006, where are we at: assessing the currents state of Tenebrionidae systematic on a global scale (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). 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