Biodiversity research in the Laguna San Rafael National Park: programme review and forward planning Proceedings of the second workshop of the Laguna San Rafael National Park Biodiversity Research Programme WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE Coyhaique, Chilean Patagonia March 30th - April 2nd 1998 Workshop sponsored by S. Rose & S. Herrera Encina July 1998 historia natural Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/biodiversityrese98rose Biodiversity Research in the Laguna San Rafael National Park: programme review and forward planning Contents UNL OGUGTION DS See A rE rredsacnle seca eee aa cee TSE Tae eaten cnns be sanseotmaaneacs sored 5) Part I: Workshop - biodiversity surveying and information management in the Laguna San Rafael National Park (LSRNP) Session 1: Introduction and programme OVErVieWw................-e0sceceescerseecceeceeeneseescenaccnsscescsssceasesscessesees 6 Session 2: Biodiversity information management - the framework revisited ...........0..0.c1cc1ccecseeecreeeeeseees 8 SESSIONS PV OJCCL TCVLC Weeeenmeen sates see essere setts tnets cc tencantetnnssaesuanronsscannarsncacens snes aataeeasener=aneer cnserenaete 9 Session 4: Using a Geographical Information System (GIS) for the management of biodiversity EI OTIT LI OII open er ean tee tata ee ene eee Teter a steer etie ts sens cnc sac sas sivenetantenstacsareotsatcarsatsantan caster scene creas sac I] Session 5: Project review from CONAF'’S Perspective ..........cscsccscessescsssescsscessnseessesscseceecsccescnscasessenseess 14 SESSION: Op MESWGY (ANCA Aiea owe. wok tacneae so tace tere cae aa wear sat taco teense teen nanccdeneesense von vannssectersttstasnteans ots 16 SESSIONN/ = SUStdiningithe\ project. cek.cccdsctstte tet eces cotter taken oat ettoehnsaesaesnncacevessttnstsstertottstvasenest 18 Session 8: Summary, conclusions And Action Plan .........ceccececceseeseeseesetsetseecescesenscenceececcessesscsseseessnseeses 20 AT DENADXG Ex DASTO Ss POLILCL DOM Senerern rss ceecneeesacesnenescetnnc=ascacs-tearannccadeounccastansnarsusesnerassnserecentsersratsenteteeatans 22 Appendix 2: WCMC biodiversity information management Pres€NtAliONn.........02.c.0cceccecceserscecesseeseeeeees 24 Appendix 3: Summary of research projects undertaken in the first field S€ASON.........1....2:212000000e0e00eees 27 Appendix 4: Workshop QSSCSSMENL ........1.sscsccscesseccnsessescscessesceceascacesecaesaseacsscnsceeseasesecceeeseeeacsseseranassseeases 29 Appendix 5: Research publications relating to LSRNP..........2:..:.-0:sessscssseseesceseeseesseesesseessescesseseeseaseneens 30 Part II: Half-day environmental education workshop Introduction ‘and, Back grounde eines oss ke Mi oee taeettet ck onsen nan tobsaeceeetttoteoens cnaeostutsoetactuerceescei etn sceacnsterrte 35 RESULES OURS a Sete ee seer eae ERE BB cack tua ace vaaced aoe cneeee et colt eoateaatn crete ences 36 CONCLUSIONS ers se ccce te Bae ss APES wee tet Ue Nata nS eee on dns doe oR SE, ED ee 3 Sif Proélogo Entre el 12 y el 15 de Noviembre de 1996 se reunieron en Coyhaique, capital de la Undécima Regién de Chile, 25 inves- tigadores y administradores de recursos naturales, de Chile y el Reino Unido (UK). Su objetivo fue determinar una agenda ‘para un programa de investigaci6n sobre biodiversidad a desarrollarse en el Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael, un area silvestre protegida de 1,7 millones de hectareas. Este pro- grama esta financiado por la Iniciativa Darwin para la Sobrevivencia de Especies del gobierno britanico, y es una colaboracion entre Raleigh International, la Corporacion Nacional Forestal (CONAF), the Natural History Museum de Londres (NHM), el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Santiago (MNHN), y el World Conservation Monitoring Centre de Cambridge (WCMC). Este documento describe el segundo taller realizado en Coyhaique entre el 30 de Marzo y el 1° de Abril de 1998, que fue convocado para revisar el avance del programa y determi- nar su desarrollo futuro. Ademas de las actas del taller, este, documento entrega un resumen de los estudios realizados a la fecha.en este proyecto e incluye una completa bibliografia de las investigaciones relacionadas al PNLSR realizadas con anterioridad y un resumen de la evaluacion del taller. También se presenta el resumen de un breve taller, de medio dia, real- izado el 2 de Abril de 1998 con el fin de dar a conocer a la comunidad local el potencial de este programa para la edu- cacion ambiental regional. Para cada sesion del taller se esbozan los objetivos iniciales, seguidos por una sintesis de cada presentaci6n 0 ejercico realizados, incluyendo algunos resultados si corresponde. Luego, el texto se refiere a aquellos puntos clave que provo- caron alguna discusi6n particular. Por ultimo, se entrega un resumen de las ideas esenciales de la sesidn. Se han producido sendas versiones de estas actas, en castellano y en inglés. Las secciones de Prdlogo e Introduccién, asi como algunas figuras, han sido escritas en forma bilingiie, y la versidn completa en inglés puede ser solicitada a los coordinadores. Agradecimientos El apoyo continuo de Shell Chile ha permitido la participacién de investigadores de diversas instituciones de Chile. Agradecemos también al personal de las oficinas de CONAF Regional y de Unidad de Gestion Patrimonio Silvestre (UGPS), y de Raleigh International en Coyhaique. Ademas del financiamiemto principal de la Iniciativa Darwin, varias organizaciones del Reino Unido y Chile han apoyado este programa de investigacion durante el ultimo ajfio. Agradecemos sinceramente a las siguientes organizaciones por su importante colaboracién: People’s Trust for Endangered Species, UK; British Council, Chile; Natural History Museum, Londres; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago; Ernest Kleinwort Charitable Trust, UK; University of Durham, UK; Universidad de Chile; Universidad de Valparaiso. Chile; Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, UK; y British Airways. Foreword PR EREESESETIBEI SOOT ORE IEE rd Between the 12th - 15th of November 1996, 25 Chilean and UK researchers and conservation planners participated in a workshop in Coyhaique, the capital of Region XI, Chile. The aim of this meeting was to determine an agenda for a biodiver- sity research programme to be undertaken in the Laguna San Rafael National Park (LSRNP), a 1.7 million ha. protected area in Region XI. This programme is funded by the UK Government’s Darwin Initiative for the Survival of Species, and is a collaboration between the UK-based youth develop- ment organisation Raleigh International, Corporacién Nacional Forestal (CONAF) the Chilean forestry and protected areas authority, the Natural History Museum in London (NHM), the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural in Santiago de Chile (MNHN), and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) in Cambridge, UK. This document represents the proceedings of a second work- shop, which took place in Coyhaique from March 30th to April Ist 1998. This meeting was convened to review progress of the research programme and to determine its future direc- tion. In addition to the workshop proceedings, this document provides a summary of the research undertaken on the pro- gramme to date, a full bibliography of all research related to LSRNP and a summary of the workshop assessment. It also contains the proceedings of a half-day workshop to explore the potential for environmental education material which may be generated from the research. For each of the workshop sessions, the initial objectives are outlined, followed by a summary of any presentations or exer- cises undertaken, including results if appropriate. Any issues which provoked particular discussion or interest are then relat- ed in a 'Key discussion points’ section. Finally, a summary of the key findings or resolutions from the session is presented. While the first two pages of these proceedings, and some of the figures, are written in both English and Spanish, the remainder of the document is in English and a Spanish version is available on request. Acknowledgements We are very grateful to Shell Chile, whose continued support enabled the participation of researchers from a range of institu- tions in Chile. Thanks also are due to the staff at CONAF’s Natural Heritage (UGPS) and Regional offices, and to Raleigh International’s Field Base in Coyhaique. In addition to core funding from the Darwin Initiative, thanks are also due to the following organisations, whose support has enabled the programme to fulfill its potential during the last year: People’s Trust for Endangered Species, UK; British Council, Chile; Natural History Museum, London; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago; Ernest Kleinwort Charitable Trust, UK; University of Durham, UK; Universidad de Chile; Universidad de Valapaiso, Chile, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, UK; and British Airways. Figura 1 Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael y alrededores (Figure 1 Laguna San Rafael National Park and surrounding area) Isla Traiguén Archipiélago G de los Chonos { = Y a Bs) Estero Elefantes Q Pi ° sh - bs Peninsula de Taitao as Golfo Elefantes Bahia San Quintin Laguna San Rafael Gallo 50 0 50 100 Kilometros Leyenda (Key) [EE] Limites del PNLSR - aprox. (LSRNP Boundary - approx.) Areas prioritarias (Priority research areas) // Limite internacional - no oficial (Intl. border - approx.) /\/ Rios (Rivers) .»” Caminos (Roads) Hielo (Ice) (__] Cuerpos de agua (Water bodies) Areas prioritarias (Priority areas) 1. Golfo Elefantes a Laguna San Rafael y el Istmo de Ofqui \ (Golfo Elefantes to the Laguna San Rafael and the Ofqui Isthmus) \ 2. Lago Leones y alrededores (Lago Leones and surroundings) 3. Lago Presidente Rios 4. Area alrededor del glaciar Hualas (area surrounding the Hualas glacier) N 5. Area alrededor del glaciar Steffen (area surrounding the Steffen glacier) 6. Area alrededor del giaciar Soler (area surrounding the Soler glacier) WwW E 7. Valle Exploradores (Exploradores Valley) \ Punta Arenas Figure 2a) From Laguna San Rafael to Estero Elefantes, as seen from the Space Shuttle (NASA). v av “ev ov av uy ov wn ov ov ne Figure 2b) The Lago Leones priority area was the focus of an insect survey between January and March 1998. Programa de investigacién sobre biodiversidad en el Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael: introduccién MEER Este programa de investigacion se conoce como ‘Estudios de biodiversidad y manejo de informaci6n en el Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael’. Se presenta aqui un resumen de sus obje- tivos principales y se puede encontrar una completa descrip- cidn del proyecto, incluyendo antecedentes, objetivos e infor- macion sobre los colaboradores, en las actas del primer taller, que pueden ser solicitadas a los coordinadores del proyecto (ver direcciones en Apéndice 1). Objetivos El objetivo central de este programa de investigacion es obtener informacién sobre la diversidad biol6gica del Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael (Figura 1), que pueda ser utiliza- da por la Corporacion Nacional Forestal (CONAF) para su apropiada administraci6n y proteccién. Ademas de realizar estudios de linea base, también se incluyen programas de seguimiento y estudios ecoldgicos de especies seleccionadas que puedan ser indicadores del estado de salud de ecosistemas © que tengan problemas de conservacion. La capacitacién institucional es un componente esencial para que este proyecto se mantenga en el largo plazo, por lo que también forma parte importante de este programa el entrenamiento del personal de CONAF en técnicas de manejo de informacién y de monitoreo bioldgico. Manejo de informacién El manejo de los datos es crucial para que CONAF use y pro- duzca informacién en forma efectiva Abordando esta necesi- dad se ha implementado en la Unidad de Gestién Patrimonio Silvestre (UGPS) de Coyhaique un Sistema de Informacién Geografica, basado en el software ArcView 3.0a, que cuenta con un sistema paralelo en la Oficina de Proyectos de Raleigh International en Londres. Estas dos oficinas conforman el ‘coordinador central’ del proyecto. Colaboradores Raleigh International es una organizaciOn que apunta al desar- rollo de gente joven. En Chile, proporciona el apoyo logistico y de asistencia en terreno a la investigacion, y facilita la comunicaci6n entre las instituciones colaboradoras. En partic- ular, el coordinador basado en las oficinas de Raleigh en Londres, mantiene contactos con los investigadores britanicos y supervisa la planificacién del proyecto. El coordinador de CONAF, basado en la UGPS de Coyhaique, tiene la responsabilidad de contactar a los investigadores chilenos, colaborar en la organizacién de los proyectos y traba- jar en conjunto con el personal de Raleigh. El Museo de Historia Natural de Londres (NHM) y el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural en Santiago (MNHN), son las instituciones de donde provienen la mayoria de los investi- gadores. También colaboran profesionales de la Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Valparaiso y \a Universidad de Durham (UK). Finalmente, el World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), de Cambridge, UK ha facilitado los dos talleres realizados y ha proporcionado asesoria en el manejo de infor- maci6n sobre biodiversidad. Laguna San Rafael National Park biodiversity research The full title of this research programme is ‘Biodiversity Surveying and Information Management in the Laguna San Rafael National Park’. A summary of its main objectives is below and a full description of the programme, including background, objectives and project partner information is detailed in the proceedings of the first workshop, copies of which are available from the project co-ordinators (see address in Appendix 1). Aims The principal aim of this research programme is to obtain information about the biodiversity of the Laguna San Rafael National Park (Figure 1), for use by CONAF for management decision-making. In addition to undertaking baseline surveys of biological diversity, other objectives include monitoring programmes of selected taxa and ecological studies of particu- lar species, such as those which may be useful indicators of ecosystem health, or those which are threatened or endan- gered. Building institutional capacity - essential for the project to be sustainable in the long term - is also a major part of the programme and takes the form of training for office and field- based CONAF staff in appropriate techniques, including infor- mation management and biological monitoring. Information management Management of data is crucial in enabling CONAF to produce and use information effectively. For this project, a Geographical Information System has been established at CONAF’s Department of Natural Heritage (Unidad de Gestion Patrimonio Silvestre- UGPS) office in Coyhaique, with a par- allel system in the Raleigh International Projects Office in London. A co-ordinator is in each of these offices, and togeth- er form the central co-ordinating ‘hub’ of the programme. Project partners Raleigh International is a organisation which aims to develop young people through their involvement in conservation and community projects on expeditions world-wide. In Chile, Raleigh provides logistical and manpower support for the research, and facilitates links between collaborating organisa- tions. The Raleigh project co-ordinator maintains relationships with UK scientists and oversees project planning. CONAF’s co-ordinator is the locally based half of the hub, with responsibility for contacting Chilean scientific staff, undertaking project planning and management, and working closely with Raleigh’s field staff. The Natural History Museum, London (NHM) and the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural in Santiago (MNHN), are the two organisations where most participating researchers are based. Other collaborating research institutions include the Universidad de Chile, the Universidad de Valparaiso (Chile) and the University of Durham (UK). The final key project partner is the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), based in Cambridge, UK, who have facilitated both project workshops and have provided advice and expertise in biodiversity information management. Part I: Workshop - Biodiversity and information management in the Laguna San Rafael National Park Session 1: Introduction and programme overview Monday 30th March a.m. Led by Dennis Aldridge and Sergio Herrera (CONAF) Aims 1. To provide an overview of the research programme and to summarise achievements to date; 2. To present the timetable and objectives of the workshop; 3. To introduce the workshop participants; 4. To review the key objectives of the programme. Presentations ° Welcome speech by Dennis Aldridge, Head of CONAF UGPS Region XI. “The pressures facing protected areas here are very real, and there is a very apparent lack of information available to those who are trying to manage and administer them.” “The decisions that we have made so far are largely based on sentimentality... decisions should be firmly grounded in reality.” 2 Project overview and summary of achievements, Sergio Herrera, Darwin Initiative Project Officer, CONAF. “Most people only see the Laguna San Rafael, they don’t know that it is a national park - there is more to it than just a spec- tacular glacier... last year approximately 20,000 people visited the Laguna San Rafael by boat, only 164 landed.” Key achievements of the last year: 1. Research Fieldwork since November 1996 has focused on the follow- ing taxonomic groups: IRR RAR * chironomid midges * crustaceans : * marine algae * polychaetes : * mammals (esp. Giifia i 3 and Huemul * molluscs (marine, freshwater and land): ° echinoderms * bryozoa choeeeonecensneeaneecagnonascasoosoosoaseacecneancceasoaneoncconceonooaaneacnnoRnOnonaaCos FH Se | Preliminary observations or collections have been made of: Cc :¢ ferns and liverworts * soil algae ¢ freshwater algae * amphibians * birds : *marine mammals = 6 2. Project statistics - 20 UK-based and Chilean biological scientists in the field; - a total of 85 scientist-weeks of fieldwork conducted; - around 250 Raleigh International Venturers and Staff actively involved in the research; - 4 seminars given by UK-based researchers in Chile; - more than 15 collaboration meetings; - at least 30 UK-based or Chilean researchers have been involved in the project to date; - and at least 17 different research, NGO, governmental or commercial institutions have a link with the programme. 3. Collaborations - Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (MNHN): A feature of the project is the strength of some of the collaborations which have arisen. In particular, the MNHN in Santiago has emerged as the key collaborating research institution in Chile, with some of their senior research staff undertaking fieldwork during the last year. - Specimens agreement: The directors of each of the five principal project partners have signed an agreement deter- Mining conditions for deposition of specimens and the dis- semination of information from this research programme. - The diversity of organisations linked to the projects ( at many different levels) is one of the key characteristics of this research programme. Figure 3 shows the network of inter-relationships co-ordinated from a central facilitating hub. Figure 3 A facilitated network showing the links between organisations involved in the research programme. Funding sources (e.g. Raleigh international 4. Additional support In addition to core funding from the Darwin Initiative, the following organisations have given financial assistance or supported the programme in kind (details in brackets): - Shell Chile (two workshops); - the Ernest Kleinwort Charitable Trust, UK (mammals and marine research); - the Natural History Museum, London (all projects); - the People’s Trust for Endangered Species (mammals); - the British Council, Chile (collaborations, marine research and mammals); - British Airways, UK (marine research); - the University of Durham, UK (mammals); - the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, UK (mammals); - Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (marine research); - Universidad de Valparaiso (lichens); - Universidad de Chile (marine research and mammals). Workshop Objectives RRO OORT ROOK — . To review research undertaken during the first field i season, paying particular attention to: how it relates to the priorities identified at the first workshop; col- laborations established; direct use of information obtained for the management of LSRNP; 2. To ensure that the programme is meeting all of the objectives specified in the initial Darwin Initiative grant proposal; 3. To determine research priorities for the 1998/99 field season; either building on existing research or initiating new projects; 4. To discuss how the research programme may be continued in a sustainable way past the lifetime of : the current grant (ends March 1999); i 5. To propose ideas for the dissemination of results i produced in the context of this programme, with a view to producing information which supports park management, research and environmental education. LORRI 2 Introduction to the delegates: each of the delegates presented themselves and their role or interest in the programme. In addition to key representatives from each of the five princi- pal project partners, CONAF was also represented by the head of UGPS (protected areas division) from Region X. Other Chilean delegates were from the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, the Universidad de Chile, the Universidad de Valparaiso and the Universidad Austral de Chile. The local branch of Servicio Agricola y Ganadero (the agricul- ture and wildlife service) was also represented. A number of delegates had worked in the field during the previous six months, including one each from the Natural History Museum, and the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural in Santiago. The full list is presented in Appendix 1. * Review of programme objectives by Dennis Aldridge and Jonathan Cook (Head of Planning, Raleigh International) This final part of the first session provided an opportunity to review and discuss some of the original objectives and issues defined in the Darwin Initiative proposal, all of which must be addressed by the end of the programme. The following points were raised: Dennis Aldridge, objectives: - Baseline surveys: essential; - Monitoring: crucial to show changes in biodiversity and ecosystem health; - Capacity building: training for CONAF and diffusion of information at a regional level; - Applying the WCMC information management model to other areas: this is a long term objective. Jonathan Cook, issues: - Management issues: for example, Raleigh has worked in LSRNP for years, but are only now providing information directly for management purposes; - CONAF as the client: the main criteria for success is whether the information will be useful for CONAF; - Focus on objectives: the stated objectives of the project must be addressed. For example, training, monitoring of indicator species; - Education: there is much potential, and it is very relevant to Raleigh volunteers; - How can the project be made sustainable? Summary * This session reviewed the key achievements since the pro- gramme’s inception and highlighted the fact that research undertaken to date has responded directly to priorities identi- fied at the first workshop. 2 The strength of collaborations and institutional links were recognised as a key feature of the research programme, but the need to maintain these links was stressed. ° The original objectives of the programme were reinstated and the importance of addressing each of these before March 1999 was recognised. Figure 4 Workshop participants outside CONAF's regional office in Coyhaique. Session 2: Biodiversity Information Management - the framework revisited Monday 30th March, a.m. Led by Donald Gordon and Javier Beltran (World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Aims 1. To revisit the biodiversity information management frame- work in the context of this research programme; 2. To determine how the information management system being developed supports this initiative. Presentations * Presentation of ‘Overview: Components of a Biodiversity Information Management System’ by Don Gordon and Javier Beltran of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The overheads used for this presentation are in Appendix 2. For more information, these consultants may be contacted at WCMC. Key discussion points Networks and partnerships - Networks and partnerships are increasingly being used to solve problems in conservation and the environment and rep- resent a move away from ‘technology’ as the answer to all problems. Technology is available and is very useful if man- power and other resources are available. But to make it work, people need to come together to collate, share and use information. This approach is ‘strategic’, based on partner- ships and sharing data, rather than a ‘tactical’ project system designed to address one specific problem. (See overheads 11 and 12 in Appendix 2). - Figure 3 is a good example of a ‘facilitated’ network, where a ‘hub’ facilitates links between all of the partner organisa- tions. In this case, CONAF’s UGPS office in Coyhaique and Raleigh’s Projects Office in London represent the hub, through which individual organisations have formed new links. One delegate observed that the network has a higher level steering committee in the five directors of the project partners who signed the specimens agreement, which is an influential front to the network’s activities. Custodianship - This issue relates to who is responsible for the information produced by the programme. Who will be the ‘custodian’ of the data? It might be the managing organisation or it might be a specific organisation agreed by all partners to be manag- er; for example, it might be the users (CONAF) or the pro- ducers (e.g. NHM or MNHN). Some countries define the custodian of such data by law. “There are two levels of custodianship, the scientists who have custody , or ownership of the data, and CONAF, who will be the users of the data.” - It was agreed that the project partners need to determine a set of rules which answer questions such as the following: Who are the custodians? What are the rules of access to data? What is the role of the user? What further research is needed to support the information gathered? Who are the partners supporting the programme? What are the conditions of data exchange between organisations? These rules may be set out in a Data Access Agreement, which was considered suitable for the present situation. A further discussion centred around the possible economic outputs which information and intel- lectual property can sometimes provide. It was agreed that this subject needs more consideration. Capacity building - If an organisation does not have the experience, staff or money to run and maintain a tool such as the GIS system, then serious consideration must be given to capacity build- ing. It was recognised that this is necessary for CONAF so that they can use and manage information produced effec- tively. In order to determine what actions are necessary to build CONAF’s capacity to a sustainable position, a set of ques- tions need to be asked, and the answers used to formulate a plan. These include: What is their capacity now? What needs are there? What resources are available? Are there areas which need consolidating and others which need starting? How can the research be integrated into a programme for increasing the capacity of CONAF? - One delegate observed: “some partners may be doing things themselves, so CONAF will not need to do it’. There is a need to use the network that exists (see above) and work with partnerships to use expertise efficiently. Data standardisation / management - A recurring theme throughout this session was the need to harmonise data into standard, comparable and globally acceptable formats, so that it may be shared effectively by the different people and organisations in the network. This not only applies to physical results, but also to documenta- tion. These issues will be considered in Sessions 6 and 7. - “Getting primary data sets is important’, but their combined use will be more powerful if they can be compared. “Following the comment of Dennis Aldridge, it is clear that there is a need to make decisions based on good information, rather than on sentimental attitudes.” The information cycle - The information cycle provides a framework for the develop- ment of a biodiversity information management system. The graphic below (Figure 5) shows first the need to determine key issues, then identifies information needs to address them. The issues and needs should be determined between the providers of data and the users of data; in this case between CONAF and the researchers. Information products are then designed to address key issues. A consensus was reached between delegates that products should be clear and simple, and it is hoped that the GIS will provide this sort of product helping CONAF to make decisions. - One delegate commented on the flexibility of the cycle, and observed that even if the priorities change after this work- shop, the process is ‘cyclical and adaptive’ and can vary where necessary. A further point was that the system could never be followed exactly - it is theoretical and is being applied to the real world - so should not impose constraints on any aspects of the project. For example one year ago mink was not stated as a problem, but it may now be neces- sary to find out more about it. Finally, different uses of the results were discussed. For example, species distribution data can be used by CONAF, or for environmental education. “The use of data is the important part, and everything below must lead to it.” Figure 5 The information cycle. Prioritise (identify issues) Analyse (information needs) Facilitate * cyclical Design e : (information (enable players adaptive paneer) Agree and plan (define roles, responsibilities, processes,...) Summary * The information management framework presented in this session was well received by delegates, and it was agreed that this system is not only a useful tool for this research pro- gramme but is also more widely applicable. ¢ A significant resolution from this session was the need to remain flexible when undertaking a programme such as this. Not only do issues and priorities change, but so do the sys- tems by which they may be addressed. ° This session highlighted the need to use the network of con- tacts which the programme has generated in order to make the most efficient use of expertise in producing information of use to park management. ¢ The rapprochement between scientists and CONAF was agreed to be highly beneficial to all parties. These links may lead to the development of different lines of research beyond the current Darwin Project. “Tt is a complex environment, with many different players and complex issues, all of which need good information - the basic technical information is essential..” Session 3: Project reviews Monday 30th March, p.m. Led by Sergio Herrera (CONAF) and Sam Rose (Raleigh International) SESE IEE Aims 1. To review research undertaken in LSRNP between October 1997 and March 1998 - the first field season; 2. To present the basic criteria against which new project pro- posals should be developed. LM LILLIE LLL LLL LENE EEL LRP ELLIE PEA ALE PAELLA PIPE ELLEAA The research completed during the first field season, (and one huemul survey undertaken in early 1997), has all been in direct response to priorities identified at the first workshop. Each researcher responded to the collective need by gathering information about their own taxonomic specialities, keeping in mind the relevance of the information collected to the manage- ment of the protected area. In addition to undertaking research into more than half of the 20 priority taxonomic groups identified at the first workshop, the programme of research and data collection has also proceeded along the lines outlined in the Action Plan. As more information is produced by the researchers, CONAF are able to specify more exactly how future work should be undertaken to address their management goals and priorities. Ed ‘ i : 3 ER Presentations Brief summaries of each research project undertaken last year were distributed to delegates at the beginning of the workshop. These are outlined in Appendix 3. Those delegates in atten- dance who had been in the field showed some results from their work. * Maria Eliana Ramirez (MNHN) presented details of the research into marine algae she undertook with David John in January and February 1998. This presentation is summarised as a case study on the next two pages. 2 Gerardo Acosta (U. Chile) presented results from the research into the giiifia undertaken with Ian Wyllie (ITE Monks Wood) between January and March 1998. This pro- ject is being supervised by Nigel Dunstone (U. of Durham). ° Mary Spencer-Jones (NHM) and Jaime Plaza (Raleigh staff) presented a summary of work undertaken on the marine bio- diversity project between January and March 1998. This pro- ject involved 10 researchers from the UK and Chile, includ- ing Maria Eliana Ramirez (see above). ¢ Sergio Herrera and Sam Rose briefly presented key points from the lichen project (Wanda Quilhot and Mats Wedin) and from the insects and diatoms research (Steve Brooks, Kelly Jackson, Eileen Cox, Peter Hammond and Jain Sime). Biodiversity and distribution of the marine benthic flora and fauna, and char- acterisation of biotopes in the Laguna San Rafael National Park (Aysén, Chile), and areas to the north Raleigh International expedition 98A, phase 1, 18th sere to 8th is Meer ee Particinants David John (Marine algae - NHM), David Reid (Molluscs - NHM), Nicholas Evans (Marine ecology - NHM), Cecilia Osorio (Molluscs - Universidad de Chile), Maria Eliana Ramirez (Marine algae - MNHN) and 16 Raleigh International Venturers and staff. General project objectives To provide information about the species and habitats present in the area of the Laguna San Rafael National Park, and locali- ties to the north of the park, to assist CONAF in developing a management plan for the area. Specific objectives 1. Identify the intertidal and subtidal zone flora and fauna of LSRNP and the sector to the north (from the Golfo Elefantes to Isla Traiguén); 2. Accomplish an inventory of all the taxa encountered and present this data in the form of checklists or illustrated cata- logues and in the latter case, to emphasise those species which are most representative of the area; 3. Classify, describe and map the marine benthic biotopes pre- sent in the area; 4. Identify potential effects of human activity on the marine benthic communities of the area and establish the status of conservation of the species and habitats; 5. Describe the distribution and abundance patterns of the marine benthic communities of the area and correlate with the main environmental variables. Results The preliminary results can be summarised as follows. 1. A total of 54 species of algae have been identified from an initial classification in the field: (32 Rhodophyta, 11 Chlorophyta, 1 Cyanophyta, 9 Phaeophyta and 1 Chrysophyta ) and 21 species of invertebrates (5 bivalves, 11 gastropods, 1 echinoderm and 4 crustaceans). 2. Around 34 biotopes have been identified and classified in the following way: A.- Zonal biotopes of rocky shores: 12 to 13 characterised by algae, 8 characterised by animals, 2 by algae & animals; B.- Azonal biotopes of rocky shores: 4 to 5 characterised by algae; C.- Biotopes of soft sediment shores: 1 characterised by algae; D.- Provisional biotopes: 6 characterised by animals. 3. The biotopes and the diversity of algal species (probably also of animals) show a clear decrease within Laguna San Rafael in comparison to the areas sampled further north. This correlates with the reduced salinity present in the Laguna (20 */») more than with the decrease in water tem- perature. 4. The three areas sampled in or near the Laguna San Rafael National Park (Laguna San Rafael; Estero Elefantes and Golfo Elefantes) show differences in the composition and patterns of diversity of algae and biotopes, with the Laguna being the least diverse, the Estero being the most diverse and the Golfo having intermediate diversity. 5. Localised differences found in the biotopes and the species composition correlate with physical factors (type of sub- strate, slope of substrate, light, temperature, amount of exposure to the air, etc.) and biological factors (herbivory, competition). 6. The biotopes situated in wave-exposed situations tend to be dominated by animals, while those in sheltered areas are dominated by algae. 7. Only two seaweed-dominated biotopes are unique to the Golfo Elefantes and Laguna San Rafael, the Mytilus- Adenocystis-Scytothamnus-Ceramium biotope and the Vaucheria biotope. 8. The Vaucheria biotope is associated with the saltmarsh-type habitat to the immediate north of the San Rafael glacier; this association is probably related to the presence of extensive banks of mud in the intertidal zone rather than to reduced salinity alone. Preliminary list of taxa of macroalgae collected along the approximately 187 km length of coastline samples in Region Aysén, from the Traiguén Island to Laguna San Rafael: 6.- Enteromorpha- : | Division Chlorophyta ( (green : algae) intestinales # 1.- Codium dimorphum 7.- Cladophoropsis # 2.- Ulva rigida brachyarta 8.- Prasiola tesselata 9.- Rhizoclonium ambiguum 10.- Cladophora sp 3.- Ulva lactuca ? 4.- Enteromorpha ramulosa 5.- Enteromorpha compressa Seronvorsennnnn0007073 ELLE poteonansncseiscy : Division Phaeophyta : (Brown algae ) 5. - Desmarestia 3 ligulata 6.- Scytosiphon lomentaria i 1.- Macrocystis pyrifera : 2.- Adenocystis utricularis £ 3.- Ectocarpus siliculosus i 4.- Desmarestia patagonica i, : 1.- Vaucheria sp Feoseonseccons < 7.- Petalonia fascia 8.- Halopteris sp 9.- Scytothamnus asciculatus 17.- Grateloupia intestinalis 18.- Prionitis lyalii 19.- Schyzymenia binderii 20.- Griffithsia sp 21.- Ceramium sp 22.- Catenella fusiformis 23.- Gelidium lingulatum 24,. Laurencia chilensis 25.- Heterosiphonia berkeleyii 26.- Myriogramme livida 27.- Pseudophycodrys phyllophora 28.- Cryptopleura sp 29.- Polysiphonia sp 30.- Bostrychia harveyii 31.- Porphyra columbina 32.- Hildenbrandia lecanellierii (red algae) 1.- Acrochaetium sp 2.- Nothogenia fastigiata 3.- Pugetia chilensis 4.- Callophyllis sp 5.- Corallina officinalis var. Chilensis 6.- Synarthrophyton patena 7.- Lithothamnion sp 8.- Mazzaella membranaceae 9.- Mazzaella laminarioides 10.- Iridaea tuberculosa 11.- Sarcothalia crispata : 12.- Gigartina skottsbergii © 13.- Ahnfeltia plicata © 14.- Ahnfeltiopsis durvillaei 15.- Ahnfeltiopsis furcellatus 16.- Grateloupia doryophora 3 = z Preliminary list of animal taxa 1.- Coelenterata: (medusas and actinias) 2.- Arthropods: (crustaceans; decapods, anphipods and cirripeds) : 3.- Annelids: (polychaetes) : 4.- Echinoderms: (asteroids, echinoids, holothurians, i ophiuroids) 5.- Brachiopods 6.- Sipunculas 7.- Molluscs: (Polyplacophoras, bivalves, gastropods) neneRORENROOS ooncenoconecceononnacnces seosenoens Additional research into the marine environments of the Laguna San Rafael National Park and its surrounding area was undertaken on the second and third phases of the same expedition (98A). coatonnoncanaansocoocenmanaansenecanenacnncones Summary * This session provided an opportunity to describe and review some of the research undertaken during the last field season. The main purpose was to review achievements to date and provide a context against which to make decisions regarding research to be undertaken in the next field season and in future; * The advantage of projects where fieldwork was undertaken by scientists from both the UK and Chile was recognised. This is particularly so where the local flora or fauna is more likely to be known by Chilean researchers; ¢ Although all of the research projects could offer some infor- mation which might be of immediate use to CONAF, it is clear that the next stage - the analysis of results and working up of collections - will be a lengthy process; * All but one of the principal project scientists wish to contin- ue their work should it suit CONAF. They each highlighted why this would be of benefit to the research programme and how it might be undertaken; * To support the last point, it was clear that much of the work undertaken so far is still preliminary, and would require con- tinuation to be most effective. 11 Session 4: Using a Geographical Information System (GIS) for the management of biodiversity information Tuesday 31st March, a.m. Led by Sam Rose (Raleigh International) Aims 1. To introduce the GIS - theory and background; 2. To show the potential of GIS as a tool for information man- agement, using the ArcView software as an example. Presentations ¢ Sam Rose (Darwin Initiative Project Officer - Raleigh International) gave a presentation about the use of GIS for the management and presentation of biodiversity informa- tion, drawing on examples of data gathered during the first field season. Key discussion points This presentation showed, by the use of examples, the possi- bilities made available using a GIS. Themes included: - Integration and analysis of data from a number of different sources. For example, digital spatial data from WCMC, fig- ures of visitor numbers from CONAF, or hand-input spatial data of study sites from the marine research project; - Overlaying of different data layers (such as individual giiifia home ranges) to show interaction between organisms; - Use of different spatial scales (Region, LSRNP and within- LSRNP) to show different properties of the data and; - The use of graphics to ease data interpretation. Summary and examples The installation of a basic, but useful and versatile GIS at the UGPS office in Coyhaique will be a crucial output of the pro- gramme. This system will enable CONAF to handle data pro- duced by scientists in the field and use it for management and environmental education purposes in a manner not previously possible. It will also provide a management tool beyond this research programme which will be compatible with the recently released CONAF produced Survey of the Native Forest Resources, a complete survey of Chile's vegetation resources, based on GIS. The following two pages illustrate examples of maps which may be created with a GIS by combining different data levels (data layers) to produce distinct information products. Figure 6 shows three different maps relating to the algal diver- sity of the region. based on data collecetd by Marja Eliana Ramirez and Dave John in January and February 1998. Although Map 1 clearly shows the increasing algal diversity towards the north, this information is also displayed in chart form on the same sheet, so as to emphasise the differences and provide more detail. Figure 7 shows the study area of the giiifia research project along with some initial results. Based on the information pre- sented in maps 1, 2 and 3, the fourth map on this sheet clearly shows how the home ranges (portrayed as minimum convex polygons) of all six tracked cats intersect in a small area cen- tred on the CONAF ranger station. Figura 6 Biodiversidad y distribucion de algas (Figure 6 Biodiversity and distribution of algae) Mapa 1: Biodiversidad de algas entre Isla Traiguén y Laguna San Rafael (Biodiversity of algae between Traiguén island and Laguna San Rafael) 74W 73°W Grafico de numero de especies de algas (Graph showing number of species of algae) 457 40+ p 35+ 30 + 25 + 20+ 15 + - 404 5 © Estero Cupquelan @ IslaTraiguén @ Laguna San Rafael § Golfo Elefantes @ Estero Elefantes (Saloads jo Jaquinn) saldadse ap oan Lugar (Area) Leyenda (Key) Numero de especies de algas (Number of algal species) 1-5 SAY 6-18 19 - 33 34 - 43 4 _Distribucién de Vaucheria sp. @ Distribucién de Macrocystis pyrifera fo} A Biotopo Mytilus-Adenocystis-Scytothamnus-Ceramium Biotopo Bostrychia harveyi 40 0 40 80 Kilémetros Hielo (Ice) Agua (Water) PNLSR limites - aprox. (LSRNP boundary - approx.) Mapa 2: Distribucién de dos especies de algas (Distribution of two species of algae) Mapa 3: Distribuci6n |. de dos biotopos marinos (Distribution} of two marine |x biotopes) gest SOyS =: EOACa! 3 ‘ = fees 30 0 30 60 Kildmetros 30 0 30 60 Kilometros a | Proyeccién UTM 12 WCMC Handbooks on Biodiversity NEW | Information Management Edited by J.H. Reynolds This eight volume series. developed for use by decision-makers. mid-career professionals. and interested parties, reviews the issues and processes involved in the management of biodiversity information to support the conservation and sustainable use of living resources. They also provide a framework for the development of national plans and strategies and for meeting reporting obligations of international programmes and conventions. The handbooks may be used as a training resource or, more generally, to support institutions and networks involved in building capacity in information management. Representing three-years work, this publication has been supported by the European Union, United Nations Environment Programme, European Environment Agency and through the United Kingdom’s Danvin Initiative for the Survival of Species. The handbooks have been published through the generous support of the Commonwealth Secretariat and are the net result of input by individuals and institutions around the world. Overall, the handbook series comprises: Companion Volume ISBN 0-85092-551-7, 1998 240x 165mm, ix + 17pp., figure Volume 1. Information and Policy ISBN 0-85092-544-4, 1998 240) x 165mm, ix ~ 29pp., boxes, figures, case studies Volume 2. Information Needs Analysis ISBN 0-85092-545-2. 1998 240 x 165mm, ix — 23pp., boxes, figures, table. case study Volume 3. Information Product Design | ISBN 0-85092-546-0, 1998 : 240 x 165mm, ix + 28pp., boxes. figures, tables, case study Volume 4. Information Networks ISBN 0-85092-547-9. 1998 240 x 165mm, ix + 32pp., boxes, figures, table, case studies Volume 5. Data Custodianship and Access ISBN 0-85092-548-7, 1998 240x 165mm, ix + 24pp., boxes. table, case study ; Volume 6. Information Management Capacity ISBN 0-85092-549-5, 1998 240 x 165mm, ix ~ 48pp., boxes. figures. case study, questionnaire Volume 7. Data Management Fundamentals ISBN 0-85092-550-9, 1998 240 x 165mm, ix + 33pp..boxes, figures, case study Published by the Commonwealth Secretariat. Sold as a complete set £22.50, USS33.75 Order no. B483 Also available in the United Kingdom from Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SWIY SHX Tel: +44 0171 839 341] Fax: +44 0171 930 0827 anuey HuUMOWUOI/ uoneaiasuoy DLION Order Form £/USS Total number of books ordered lhe seeeceeeeeeeene eee otal. costofipooks.ordered 9 9) | ) Bee sane. Less discount (if applicable)*> we eeeeeesesseeeeeeeee SUBTOTAL: _................ "A discount of 33.3% is available to booksellers ordering direct from IUCN, to IUCN members (please give the name of your organisation below to qualify), and bona fide students. “*A discount of 20% only is available on the special price for sets of “Coral Reefs of the World’ and 15% on “The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests — The Americas”. *** Postage will be charged on the actual weight of book. Postage and Packing: Add the following percentages to the total cost of books ordered before discount to cover postage and packing (tick appropriate box for postage required): C} 15% single, 10% bulk orders (UK) [.) 20% overseas surface mail LJ 30% airmail (Europe) [) 40% airmail (rest of world) eee. TOWAL: Wee Payment method: Please make payment (to IUCN) by: (]} cheque (.} international money order QO) Mastercard L) Visa L) American Express QQ Eurocard Please tick appropriate box. If paying by credit card, complete the following: | authorise you to charge my Visa/American Express/Mastercard (Minimum order £15, US$22.50) Card no: Please return your comp 3 oi der form to: IUCN Publications Services Unit, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, UK Tel: +44 1223-277894; Fax: +44 1223-277175; E-mail: info@books.iucn.org ‘TAS ETE \ Figura 7 Area de estudio del proyecto giiifia y resultados iniciales (Figure 7 Study area and initial results from the giiifia research project) Mapa 1. Area de estudios (study area) Pista de aterizaje (Airstrip) Guarderia Salton (Ranger station 'Salton’) Guarderia Calquén (Ranger station 'Calquén’') 0 0.4 Kilémetros ‘ = Laguna San Rafael Leyenda (Key) Senderos (Trail system) [J Rango de giiifia #2 - macho adulto (Range of kodkod #2 - adult male) Turbera (Salt marsh) HB Infraestructura (Infrastructure) [] Laguna San Rafael! GB Vegetacion mixta boscosa y arbustiva (Mixed forest and thicket vegetation) (99) Ladera pronunciada - bosque / arbusto (Steep hillside - forest/thicket) y la cria macho kitten) ry 13 Golfo Elefantes Laguna San Rafael Mapa 3: Rangos de hogar de los dos gatos hembras, (home ranges of the female cats, and the Mapa 4: Rangos de hogar de todos gatos, y el poligono de intersecci6én d (home ranges of all cats 0.4 0.8 Kilémetros and the polygon of ee | intersection) Mapa 2: Rangos de hogar de los gatos machos (home ranges of the male cats) 0.4 0.8 Kilémetros Sa es | Rango de giifa #1 - macho adulto (Range of kodkod #1 - adult male) Cd Rango de gilina #3 - macho adulto (Range of kodkod #8 - adult male) [J Rango de gilifia #4 - hembra adulta (Range of kodkod #4 - adult female) [J] Rango de gilifia #5 - hembra adulta (Range of kodkod #5 - adult female) [_] Rango de gilifia #6 - macho cria (Range of kodkod #6 - male kitten) {843 Poligono de interseccién de rangos de los gatos (Poygon of intersection of the cats’ ranges) 0.4 0.8 Kilémetros | Session 5: CONAF’s perspective Tuesday 31st March, a.m. Led by Dennis Aldridge (CONAF) Aims 1. To review project progress from CONAF’s perspective with particular reference to how the priorities identified at the first workshop have been addressed; 2. To define criteria by which projects proposed for the next field season should be developed. Presentations ¢ Sergio Herrera reviewed the priority needs, information products and the Action Plan resulting from the first work- shop. ¢ Dennis Aldridge presented CONAF’s perspective of the pro- ject, which focused on the following points: Information management - The WCMC information management framework was acknowledged as an effective way of ordering and managing data, and essential for approaching the complex issues involved in this project. - However, it was observed that such models are usually devised outside of the countries in which they are applied where the amount of baseline data is much greater than in the case of Chile - and in particular this region. Priorities for research - The first workshop produced a long list of taxonomic groups, leaving the possibility of research into many different aspects of biodiversity. This lacked focus because the priori- ty needs were not clearly defined. In many ways the situation has not changed; CONAF still does not have specific priori- ties for the park, but need to know as much as possible. CONAF’s main criteria for choosing research projects for the next field season are summarised in the following box (Box 1). Dennis Aldridge identified two further criteria: - Existing information: There is information on plants and birds from the area, so it was suggested that delegates focus on groups for which there is little data, and; - Timescale: Because of the limited time remaining, CONAF requested that some specific projects be defined which can be carried out over the next six months. “The problem is difficult, rather messy in fact, it is a big park and there are lots of considerations - we are in a position where we need to give CONAF a steer on what to do.” Key discussion points This discussion centred on the criteria mentioned above, and others which might prove useful. Manpower - If there is nobody from the UK interested in a certain field, could a Chilean who is interested take the lead in the research? - Could Raleigh Venturers be used to undertake work for dif- ferent research projects at the same location? “One very important criteria is the availability of people to undertake the work.” 14 Box 1 CONAF criteria for future research proposals. CONAF criteria Key issues facing park management a) knowledge of biodiversity in and around the park b) understanding the ecology c) managing potential impact of people Criteria for selection of priority projects 1. studies to concentrate on biological aspects only (no socio- economic components) 2. baseline surveys in areas of priority concern (e.g. under potential use from human populations) should: a) include a range of taxonomic groups b) cover a range of ecosystems/habitat/biota (e.g. marine) c) consider species of conservation concern (e.g. threatened, endemics, medicinal) 3. there should be some continuity of lines of research . access and logistical problems should be addressed . any monitoring work should assess change in priority areas vis-a-vis tourism and in relation to global (climate) change . ecological studies (e.g. mink/other mammal interaction; population dynamics; distribution patterns) Combining the above, key information products could be the use of the GIS to prepare a series of map overlays to assist in drawing together a zoning/park management plan. Other prod- ucts could support use in scientific research and environmen- tal education. Existing information - Is the whole idea of prioritising to concentrate more on groups about which little or nothing is known, rather than groups such as the vascular plants about which much is known? - Perhaps alternative funding could be sought for work on groups about which a lot is already known, e.g. higher plants. “The problem is that we need some way of deciding how to go from here, one way is to see what already exists - in very general terms for mammals, birds and higher plants." Timescales - Because of the limited time available, is it possible to use a number of different techniques on each individual project? - Massive sampling at many places, of insects.for example, might be one way of getting information, but the amount of time it takes to work up the data is restrictive. - In order to produce results quickly, could organisms be iden- tified to a simple level (e.g. to family or genus)? “There is only so much that can be done.” Quality and productivity as criteria - Wanda Quilhot suggested that one criteria for which projects should continue might be to look at productivity of the researchers, to see how much work has been done in the first field season. This might be assessed by the number of papers produced, although it was recognised that papers can often take a very long time to reach publication. - In response, Ian Gauld stated that the Darwin Initiative was not really set up as a means of producing high quality papers - many of which have limited use in the context of biodiver- sity conservation - and that papers which give a scientist good recognition are not necessarily the sort of papers that produce the information needed here. “It is difficult to prioritise based on products because the pri- orities should be based on needs. If someone is unproductive, then the researcher should be changed rather than the project.” Specific problems - In order to produce a set of focused priorities, rather than the general set which emerged from the first workshop, CONAF should identify exactly what problems the park faces or will face in the future. - In response to this, Dennis Aldridge indicated that it is per- haps because the problems are not so clear at the moment that there is a need to get as much general information as possible in preparation for unforeseen problems. One such problem facing LSRNP which was identified dur- ing this session was the use of marine environments, particu- larly the route into Laguna San Rafael. A further potential problem facing the area is that of com- mercial activity, mainly tourism. Will any particular parts of the park be the focus of investment, and will any land be sold? In response to the first question, Dennis Aldridge com- mented that as yet there is little commercial activity of this type, but it is very likely in the coming few years. Regarding the second question, the possibility of park land being sold does not exist. From the discussions in this session,the delgates identified a number of additional criteria to be taken into account when proposing projects: * Logistical problems must be considered; ¢ Work should be done in priority areas; * Continuity of projects will lead to monitoring; * Ecological projects may not be achievable in the lifetime of this project. Summary * The cniteria presented by CONAF were well received and provoked discussion. The participants could readily see their use for making future project proposals. * One key conclusion was the identification of one specific problem facing LSRNP - that of marine environments - which the research can directly address. Marine environments: case study As can be seen from Figure 1, a sizeable area of the park is composed of water; parts of Golfo Elefantes, and Golfo de Penas, and all of Laguna San Rafael. Technically, these areas are within the park, and CONAF recognises their jurisdiction over these zones. Nevertheless CONAF has not exerted the same authori- ty over the marine areas as over the land. Following the Chilean Law 19,300 “Ley de Bases del Medio Ambiente" (1994), it is clear from articles 34 to 36 that CONAF is in charge of administering the system of protected areas, and is responsible for the management Figure 8 Marine research being undertaken in Laguna San Rafael of the aquatic bodies, seashores, rivershores and wetlands included inside the perimeter of a national park, without preju- dice to the corresponding authority of other government departments. Therefore there exists an overlap of functions which can lead to problems. CONAMA's document “‘National strategy for the conservation and sustainable use of the biological diversity in Chile” in its version of April 1997, says in paragraph V. 1,2 “The protected areas in aquatic systems represent types of in-situ con- servation, not only of the biological diversity associated to hydrobiological resources but also of the habitats and the eco- logical processes that maintain the structure and dynamics of the biological diversity components.” The 1989 Fishing and Acquaculture law (18,892) establishes three categories of acquatic protected areas, namely: areas of management and exploitation of benthic resources; marine reserves, which protect continental and marine waters; and marine parks which protect exclusively marine waters. Of these two last categories, the reserves refer to both terrestrial and marine water bodies, and the parks only to marine areas. The outlined programme of this document include, amongst other points, the identification of aquatic areas representative of biological diversity, which need to be incorporated into a sys- tem of aquatic protected areas, and delimitation of responsibilities and institutional roles on which the system is based. The workshop discussions about this important issue show that we are in a position to suggest a better delimitation of institutional roles in the case of LSRNP. We can also mention the importance of different marine ecosytems included within or associated to LSRNP which could form part of this system of protected acquatic areas. We need to address questions such as: are the biotopes found in particular areas? are they found both in protected and non-protected parts? Although this is a very complex issue because of the involvement of several different government offices, this research programme will provide CONAF with high quality information that can be used to sustain CONAF's interests in LSRNP and its marine areas. conecneonouacesonanooceconacceneaceoaccsoonccacenaenanaatas Session 6: The way ahead Tuesday 31st March, p.m. Led by Donald Gordon and Javier Beltrén (World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Aims 1. To determine a set of research priori- ties for the 1998/99 field season in The way Ahead LSRNP z Box 2 Guidelines for ‘the way ahead’ exercise. j Given the criteria identified for park management, construct the table outlined below. Presentations The goal is for each group to derive a short-list of priority.projects and provide justifica- ° Delegates were divided into groups for Jtion for their choice. It is suggested that each group spend the first 45 minutes ‘brain- this session and were asked to produce |storming’ potential projects, followed by a further 45 minutes to rate ideas using a lists of project proposals for research ranking system. Groups will then be asked to report back on their top project ideas in the next field season and beyond. _ e.g. six) for consideration by park management. Box 2 shows the guidelines used for this session, and reference material In preparing the table below, resources available to consult include the Darwin objec- was provided in the form of the project |tives to the project, Proceedings and Action Plan from last year, list of projects com- summary forms (listing projects #1-7, |pleted and identified criteria see Appendix 3) and bibliography of research connected with LSRNP (see Priority projects | Personnel Justification Appendix 5). 1 2 Tables 1,2 and 3 below show the results || 3 produced by each group. 4 Table | The Way Ahead - Group 1. Project Justification Logistical (relates to the problems criteria in Box 1) Guina Development zone of 1,3,4,5 and 6 (continuation) LSRNP Marine surveying More exposed parts of LSRNP 1,3,4,5 and 6 Difficult to access eee of #5) and Chonos Archipelago | Distribution of mink 1,2,4 and 6 Ecology of birds and The navigation routes towards 1,2,4 and 6 marine mammals Laguna San Rafael Checklist of terrestrial and |Soler, Neff and Steffen valley 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 Difficult to access aquatic invertebrates in |systems the priority areas (continuation of #3) Baseline studies of the Soler, Neff and Steffen 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 Difficult to access vegetation and fauna valley systems Table 2 The Way Ahead - Group 2. Projects and priority ideas Description Justification 1. Higher plants Integrate existing information into the database The information is hard to access 2. Insects Continuation of studies and broaden the spatial Species or groups that are and temporal coverage indicators of environmental change or quality ot 3. Marine biodiversity Concentrate efforts on the higher diversity These environments are widely marine environments distributed in LSRNP 4. Mammals Continue with the study into the kodkod, Species facing problems of in the same area and in other places conservation Table 3 The Way Ahead, Group 3. (Order of priority) Proposed Projects Justification Coastal ecosystems (2=) Molluscs and other phyla, Macroalgae, Macrophytes (3=) Freshwater and marine fish (2=) Marine mammals (6) Marine birds (except penguins) Pacific coast and the more, sheltered fjords and lakes in LSRNP and on the Peninsula de Taitao MNHN NHM U. de Chile U. Austral Improve the park's position as a marine protected area Terrestrial ecosystems (3=) Amphibians (7) Vascular plants (5=) Cryptogams (1) Mammals (6) Birds (outside of LSR in of cryptogams) Within the priority areas The baseline necessary for undertaking advanced biological studies the case Ecological studies (5=) Interactions between mink and other animals (4) Studies of other conspicuous species (e.g. guigna) * CONAF's response: Dennis Aldridge gave the following response to the proposed research priorities. Marine research - High priority given by all groups. This could be an important change of emphasis and focus for CONAF. Botanic information - Very important to access and utilise what already exists. This could be used as a baseline for other studies and for example, for development of environmental education products. Mink - Although mink will be a problem in the park, much is known about their population ecology and behaviour from other studies around the world. Moreover, little can be done about them in the context of this project, apart from recording pres- ence or absence in specific areas. For these reasons, the mink should be low on the list of research priorities. Insects - There is a keen desire to research the insect biodiversity - almost nothing is currently known about this group in LSRNP - and their use as indicator groups, although there is a need for a clearer definition of how this might be achieved. Multi-tasking - Could the scientist and Raleigh volunteer resources be used to better effect by undertaking more than one project in each area visited? Summary of research priorities for 98/99 field season The exercise described above was interpreted differently by each group. For this reason, and because each group com- prised researchers from different specialities, it is not possible to draw an objective comparison and determine an absolute list of research priorities. However there was some very clear correspondence between group outputs, and by drawing comparisons and taking note of CONAF’s response the following summary lists of priority projects have been created. Level of priority indicates the rela- tive level of endorsement for each of the different proposals. Priority areas (LSR, development zone) U.Chile. NHMN U. Austral U. Durham For research and environmental education ¢ Marine biodiversity and distribution of biotopes in LSRNP and the Chonos Archipelago. ¢ Biodiversity of mammals in LSRNP, with an emphasis on the giiifia. ¢ Species list of terrestrial and marine invertebrates in pri- ority research areas, with an emphasis on insects. ELLIS % i i AOE Medium priority steven * Cryptogams. ¢ Amphibians. * Marine mammals. * Baseline flora and fauna surveys in priority research Lower priority ¢ Freshwater fish. ¢ Marine and terrestrial birds. ¢ Distribution of mink in LSRNP. Higher plants. Pe MORRILL 2 z LOL DRL ILE L LE LE ELELELEL LAL LALLA LED Summary ¢ A number of common themes emerged in the priority lists produced by each group. In particular, marine research fea- tured highly, as did mammal biodiversity, and the focus on individual endangered species. e The lists produced give a clear and focused indication of what research might be undertaken during the next field sea- son, and beyond, should funds allow. ¢ There was a clear indication given by all of the groups that the continuation of existing research into the next field season and beyond would be beneficial. ¢ CONAF provided a very clear indication, based on the sug- gestions shown above, of how they would like the research te continue. 17 Session 7: Sustaining the project Wednesday Ist April, a.m. Led by Donald Gordon and Javier Beltrdén (World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Box 3 Guidelines for ‘sustaining the project’ exercise. Aims Sustaining the project 1. To discuss how the research programme might be continued past the end of Darwin The long-term sustainability and success of the programme being devel- Initiative funding; oped at Laguna San Rafael National Park is dependent on a number of key 2. To determine how acontinued research pro- | considerations. These include: gramme would be sustainable in the long- : term. ° Strategic development of research and long-term monitoring activities; + Information management to support park goals and objectives, scientific Presentations research and environmental education; * As for the previous session, delegates were * Capacity building of CONAF (and potentially other partners); divided into groups for this session and were | * Available funding. asked to discuss how to make the programme sustainable in the long-term. Box 3 shows the Each group is to prepare a Strategic Plan for the project covering the guidelines used for this exercise. aspects identified above. Each aspect could be presented along the fellow- ing lines: (for example, for capacity building) Boxes 4, 5 and 6 show the results from each group a) a short introduction / justification; b) priority activities (including timing and responsibilities) and process; c) implementation, outlining partnerships and potential sources of funding. Box 4 Sustaining the Project - Group 1. Strate inue research activities: 1. Create a consultative / assessment committee of scientists; 2. Continue with the administrative management of the research programme; 3. Extend the biological studies to include socio-economic aspects. Management of information: 1. Increase public awareness of LSRNP; 2. Involve other public institutions, organisations. Capacity building of CONAF: 1. Maintain and increase contacts with researchers; 2. Involve models from other national parks; 3. Improve contacts with UGPS of other regions. Box 5 Sustaining the Project - Group 2. 1. Fungi and terrestrial invertebrates: Introduction: Systematic and ad-hoc collections of different groups to constitute a collection in a known depository. Justification: Constitutes 95% of terrestrial biodiversity. Activities: Collection and conservation of specimens by MNHN, NHM, Raleigh Venturers, Guardaparques. Training of CONAF personnel in the collection of insects. Financing: Darwin, British Council, CONAF. 2. Comparative study of fjords: Introduction: Framework for the creation of a study area in marine environments in the south of Chile. Justification: Strategic, political and biological. Activities: Seek funds and prepare project proposals for the implementation of the idea. Financing: E.U., WWF, National Geographic, Packard Foundation, NINA, British Council. Responsible: Marine advisory group. 3. Organisation of information: Introduction: Someone to co-ordinate and integrate existing information which has been collected from LSRNP, and to create a database. Justification: It is necessary to arrange information in order to determine / address priorities. Activities: To create a long-term post for the management of information. This might be within CONAF or external. Financing: CONAF, British Council, WWF, etc. 18 Box 6 Sustaining the Project - Group 3 1 Development strategy for research activities and their continuation: Introduction / Justification - National parks are representative samples of ecosystems of national value; - National parks are standards for comparison and the source of diversity and genetic heritage; - LSRNP has international value as a UNESCO designated Biosphere Reserve, - Chile has made an undertaking for the protection of biodi- versity (Convention for Biological Diversity); - Geopolitical reasons. Activities - Complete baseline studies; - Establish priorities for ecosystem studies; - Monitoring of the baseline information (for natural or man-made changes). Implementation - CONAF; - Universities; - International Organisations (e.g. UNDP); - National institutions (e.g. FONDECYT); - Political support for funding specific projects; - Support of key people in the scientific world; - Sponsors (e.g. companies). 2. Management of information, scientific proceedings and environmental education: Introduction / Justification - Availability, access and security of the information.; Key discussion points relating to sessions 6 and 7 The Way Ahead - exercise - The diversity of solutions proposed to the tasks set was fasci- nating. The groups produced results at three very different levels, and although there are some important coincidences, they are each remarkably different. Biodiversity in Chile - Chilean biodiversity, in particular its insect fauna, is very dif- ferent to the rest of South America, with a large number of endemics. In conservation terms Chile should be a global priority, an issue of relevance at the national and internation- al levels. Tropical vs. temperate - There has been a long-standing bias towards researching bio- diversity in the tropics at temperate zones’ expense. This type of project will help to overcome this. Steering committee - This project has started a useful and productive process. To maintain this system, either a steering committee, or adviso- ry groups for research themes would be most beneficial. Key personnel - Importance was placed on involving strategic personnel in the project for political and for fund-raising support. The following two themes (discussed in detail earlier) were re- emphasised at this point: - Knowledge, value, respect, defence of biodiversity; - Dissemination. Activities - Compilation of information obtained from the work and from other sources; - Scientific publications and the dissemination of biodiver- sity information at different levels (primary, secondary, universities and scientists); - Workshops, seminars - meetings for the dissemination and integration of information. Implementation - same as for section 1. 3. Capacity Building of CONAF (and other partners): Introduction - Define the institutional status of CONAF - it is currently a “Corporacién de Derecho Privado", meaning a partially private corporation; - Define CONAF’s role in the administration of coastal or marine areas, without prejudice to the competence of other institutions. Activities - Achieve a protected marine area as an annex to LSRNP, or better, to obtain the guardianship over it; - Strengthen CONAF’s research and information manage- ment abilities; - Improve the administrative management of CONAF. Implementation - same as for section 1. 2 The importance of a central co-ordinator or hub to facilitate links between project partners; Capacity building for CONAF (staff and technology) as a means of making the project sustainable. Summary * This session emphasised aspects of the current research pro- gramme which are working well and should be continued: - It provided three very different perspectives on how the programme may be sustained in the long term - three frameworks for the future; - It provided a concise description of how a future research programme may take shape; - It shows the willingness by all parties towards continuation of the programme; - This type of exercise was effective in drawing on a wide range of skills and expertise to produce a variety of differ- ent possible scenarios; - The range of different ideas and possibilities for increasing the network and expanding the scope of the research pro- gramme was encouraging; - The importance of a number of key issues were re-empha- sised during this session: a steering committee or scientific advisory group for CONAF, and information management. Session 8: Workshop summary Wednesday Ist April, a.m. Led by Dennis Aldridge (CONAF) Aims |. To present CONAF'’s closing comments of the meeting; 2. To outline the key workshop conclusions; 3. To present an updated action plan. Closing remarks: Dennis Aldridge Information management (1) - Funding for both Darwin Initiative project co-ordinators is limited. CONAF have a real concern that the situation might revert to pre-Darwin Initiative once the funding runs out, and they might be left with sophisticated equipment on the table without the necessary expertise to use it. One solution might be the creation of a position to manage information at a regional level. It is possible that external funding could be sought for the position. . Information management (II) - One possibility would be for the MNHN to coordinate biodi- versity information, as the main depository of specimens. However, they do not currently have the resources to under- take this task. Collections - NHM and MNHN could combine to create a reference col- lection of specimens which could either reside in Region XI or be lent out from the museums as appropriate. Marine areas. - There is a strong desire to research the marine systems as a whole. This is not necessarily with the aim of creating new marine protected areas, but it is an area which needs further research and one for which bureaucratic issues could prove problematic. Baseline studies; invertebrates - There is a need to improve the knowledge of this group - par- ticularly the insects - in the region, and also to look at the way this research is undertaken. Steering committee / advisory groups - This is an excellent idea and might either involve people who have worked in LSRNP or just provide guidance to CONAF. This should really be operated CONAF-wide, but as it stands would probably only be able to be done for LSRNP. “What CONAF are doing here is good, and it would be impossible to go back to square one. The success of this locally is very clear” : 3 e # 3 Fs % % Es senescooneonneatoosanmnconsennnnenecsite pssonsaonosannensentets 20 Key workshop conclusions Collaboration and partnerships e It was clear that co-operation of personnel from a number of key organisations, each drawing on their personal and institutional specialities, was critical to the success of the project to date. * Direct collaborations in the field between Chilean and UK-based researchers were regarded as the most effective, and efficient, form of partnership, and should be encouraged wherever possible. It was also agreed that post-fieldwork meetings and seminars are very productive. Programme objectives ° It was concluded that although the programme is meet- ing the majority of the objectives outlined in the origi- nal Darwin Initiative proposal, some areas (notably training) need more attention. Information management : » Access to information produced by this programme is an issue needing further discussion and clear resolu- tion. Specific mechanisms for data access should be determined and all partners should agree terms. 2 @ The WCMC biodiversity information management framework was widely recognised as being a logical tool for application in this project and that it might be applied more widely. : It was agreed that the action plan proposed after the first workshop has been successfully implemented, but that the updated plan (see next page) should remain flexible and adaptive, in line with the biodiversity information management framework. _ 2 The need for capacity building within CONAF was recognised. In particular, immediate training is required to make effective use of the Geographical Information System. Long-term continuation ; ¢ There was unanimous agreement to make all possible efforts to maintain momentum and prolong the research programme beyond the lifespan of the Darwin Initiative grant. > @ A consensus was reached that this programme might be used as a model to apply to other protected area or other regions in Chile, resources permitting. Project Action Plan: December 1996 - July 1999 SRR R TORTOISE TEI OE IEE II TSOTSI The following schematic diagram shows a revised action plan, determined by CONAF and Raleigh staff as a result of discus- sions during this second workshop. Shaded boxes show work already undertaken, and actions in clear boxes provide a schedule within which to achieve the revised project goals, with milestones necessary for the successful completion of the research pro- gramme. The overall plan has not changed substantially from that produced from the first workshop, but builds on the work undertaken to date and includes some new, specific tasks. Support Activities Research Activities December | Research and prepare Establish and build Determine specific priority taxo- 1996 existing information collaboration nomic groups for research based on regarding LSRNP - between Chilean priorities identified at the workshop. both biological and and UK Identify groups and areas for first | Supporting data. researchers. field season. Establish GIS and P : internet link in CONAF eer review office, Coyhaique and Raleigh, London - to allow effective commu- nication and transfer of Prepare |<<—+| project pro- projects for first field season. posals. Plan logistical support needs. data between project partners. Implement first field => September [Build GIS from exist- season of research mare a 1997 ing data. Input new projects. Sn data from field work as oe available. Provide sup- port material for Review research projects. priorities & produce || Prepare Continue to build GIS | [Maintain col- | [Start dialogue ]| list for projects from existing data. laborations to obtain fur- || 2nd field |} for Peer review Add data from first field | | and contacts || ther funding : second project pro- season. at all levels. and continue field posal Produce outputs to Initiate new the research season. address problems iden- contacts. programme. tified at 2nd workshop. September |Undertake GIS training 1998 and capacity building in CONAF UGPS office. Implement second Establish biodiversity ; : field season of monitoring programme. ; research projects. Add data from first and second field seasons. Produce information products for manage- ment decision-making. Final workshop June / July Undertake post-fieldwork analysis of Produce P roducts for f 1999 (to be confirmed) in specimens and data. ESSERE and eave Chile. Main aim to disseminate] |Deposit specimens in MNHN with ronmental education. results and programme outputs | |replicates in NHM, and documentation Finalise GIS system for to CONAF Santiago and and data with CONAF. long-term CONAF use, Regional staff, and Chilean Publish research in scientific journals including data and man- research community. and newsletters. agement documentation. | 21 Appendix 1: List of delegates and project contact details Name Address Telephone Fax Email Gerardo Acosta J. Laboratorio Ecologia 56 2 681 5518 541 6840 Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias 56 2 273 4820 U. de Chile esc-vete @abello.dic.uchile.cl Av. Sta. Rosa 11.735 (subject: Gerardo) La Pintana Santiago, CHILE Dennis Aldridge V. U.G. Patrimonio Silvestre 56 67 237070 237070 CONAF XI Region ugps-xi @entelchile.net Bilbao 234, Piso 2 Coyhaique, CHILE Cristian Bain L. CONAF U.G. Patrimonio Silvestre 56 67 237070 237070 CONAF XI Region Bilbao 234, Piso 2 Coyhaique, CHILE Javier Beltran WCMC 44 1223 277314 277136 219 Huntingdon Road Javier.Beltran@wemc.org.uk Cambridge CB3 ODL, UK Ariel Camousseight Seccio6n Entomologia 56 2 6814095 6817182 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, acamousseight @ mnhn.cl Casilla 787, Santiago, CHILE Jonathan Cook Raleigh International, 44 171 3718585 3715852 27 Parsons Green Lane, London jc @raleigh.org.uk SW6 4HZ, UK Paula Cruces P. SAG, XI Region Aysén 56 67 231174 231174 Casilla 12-D Iperez @sag.minagri.gob.cl Coyhaique, CHILE (subject: Paula Cruces) Emma Elgueta Las Pircas 7390 56 2 211 3040 Las Condes Santiago, CHILE Gerardo Elzo A. U.G. Patrimonio Silvestre 56 65 290711 / 290712 CONAF X Regi6én Amunategui # 500 Casilla 792 Puerto Montt, CHILE Jan Gauld Department of Entomology 44 171 938 8809 938 8874 Natural History Museum idg@nhm.ac.uk London, SW7 SBD, UK Donald Gordon WCMC 44 1223 277314 277136 219 Huntingdon Road donald.gordon@wemc.org.uk Cambridge CB3 ODL, UK Sergio Herrera E. Proyecto Darwin 56 67 237070 237070 U.G. Patrimonio Silvestre CONAF XI Region, Bilbao 234, 2 piso Coyhaique, CHILE ugps-xi @entelchile.net Name Address Telephone Fax Email Fernando Jara Laboratorio de Ecologia Acuatica 56 65 255243 277141 Universidad Austral de Chile fjara@uach.cl Casilla 1327 Puerto Montt, CHILE Jaime Plaza 33 Beaufort Road 44 181 997 6524 London, W5 3EB, UK Jaime2312@hotmail.com Wanda Quilhot Universidad de Valparaiso 56 32 281952 973016 Escuela de Quimica y Farmacia wquilhot@uv.cl Casilla 92-V Valparaiso, CHILE Maria Eliana Ramirez Seccidn Botanica 56 2 681 4095 681 7182 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural mramirez@ mnhn.cl Casilla 787 Santiago, CHILE Sam Rose Darwin Initiative Project 44 171 371 8585 371 5116 Raleigh International sam @raleigh.org.uk 27 Parsons Green Lane London, SW6 4HZ, UK Mary Spencer-Jones Department of Zoology 44 171 9389302 9388754 Natural History Museum msj @nhm.ac.uk Cromwell Road, London SW7 SBD, UK J.C. Torres-Mura Seccién Zoologia 56 2 681 4095 681 7182 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural jtorres@mnhn.cl Casilla 787 Santiago, CHILE Acronyms: CONAF: Corporacién Nacional Forestal , Chile MNHN: Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile NHM: Natural History Museum, UK SAG: Servicio Agricola y Ganadero, Chile WCMC: World Conservation Monitoring Centre, UK CONAMA: Comisi6n Nacional del Medio Ambiente, Chile BC: The British Council, Chile ITE: The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, UK Contact details for more information about the project: Chile Sergio Herrera E., CONAF UGPS, XI Region, Bilbao 234, Piso 2, Coyhaique, Chile. Tel: +56 (0)67 237070, Fax: +56 (0)67 237070 Email: ugps-xi@entelchile.net UK Sam Rose, Raleigh International, 27 Parsons Green Lane, London SW6 4HZ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)171 371 8585, Fax: +44 (0)171 371 5116, Email: sam @raleigh.org.uk 23 Appendix 2: WCMC presentation Overview: Components of a Biodiversity Information Management System 30 March - | April 1998 Coyhaique, Chile Information in Support of Sustainable Development There is increasing pressure to make informed decisions on the basics of sound information, balancing conservation and resource use issues, and providing alternatives and options in support of sustainable development. Information for Decision Support decision suppont _ — timely, comprehensive and accurate information needed to solve problems — presented in an understandable form complexity of environmental issues — multiple agencies and multiple disciplines involved — difference between project-based (tactical) and decision- support (strategic) systems Key issues organisational/people issues need to be given priority development of collaborative arrangements and effective management of custodianship are vital data harmonisation, quality assurance and data documentation are also important Information Management Contexts Local planning and resource management National policy development and implementation Regional and international initiatives and conventions Local everyone is a decision maker information needs to be relevant at this level conflict between human need and environmental sustainability conflict between local resource requirements and national policy problems arising from cumulative impacts and ‘tyranny of small decisions’ National policy responses to needs from local to international scales level at which sovereignty over environmental resources is recognised policies and programmes provide framework for environmental management sustainable development is inhibited by a lack of strategic information infrastructure 24 International *conventions and agreements —obligations on states to report, leading to increased accountability —need to harmonise reporting obligations International Conventions provisions related to information management, training, technology transfer are outlined in Rio Declaration on Environment and Development Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Climate Change Ramsar Convention Example: CBD entered into force 1993 now ratified by over 170 countries objectives include “conservation of biological diversity” “sustainable use of its components” and support for decision-making Project (tactical) system promotes effective information management, capacity building Decision-maker level Information delivery Operational level Information technology Information delivery Processes for Managers and Decision-Makers Information Cycle *identify and prioritise issues demanding information * determine the information needs of decision-making audiences *design information products to address these needs *define data and processing needed *agree roles and responsibilities for information production *enable players to fulfil their roles *review performance Information Cycle The information cycle Priontise (identify issues) Analyse (information needs) Design (information products) 2 cyclical 2 adaptive Facilitate (enable players) ‘Agree and pla (define roles, responsibilities, Biodiversity Information Management System Information and Policy establishing the basics linking information management and policy development Biodiversity Information Management System (cont) Information Needs Analysis why the analysis is necessary how it is done Biodiversity Information Management System (cont.) Information Product Design what are good information products analysing data and processing needs developing and packaging products Biodiversity Information Management System (cont.) Information Networks network structures and operation roles and responsibilities 25 Information production Information product Packaging Interpretation Data storage/ quality-assurance Data collection Essential datasets Expected range of users Information Essential datasets Network architectures centralised fully distributed facilitated Centralised network Fully-distributed network Overview: Components of a Biodiversity Information Management System (cont) 5 Data Custodianship and Access — principles and management of custodianship data access agreements Custodianship what is it? — the custodian of a dataset is the agency, department, unit or individual best able to manage the dataset effectively custodianship can work at many levels Responsibilities of custodians to co-ordinate the development of a dataset (perhaps in partnership) to maintain a dataset (e.g. update, backup) to ensure the quality of a dataset (e.g. adherence to standards, documentation, audit trail) to advise on appropriate uses of a dataset to provide access to a dataset Rights of custodians to regulate access to a dataset (e.g. to prevent commercial exploitation or environmental risk) to safeguard intellectual property and copyright (e.g. acknowledgement by users, regulation of copying/ distribution) to receive feedback from users on data quality/ future requirements of a dataset (resource implications to be negotiated 26 Responsibilities of users give feedback on perceived quality/reliability give feedback on requirements anticipated in the future observe standards set by the custodian keep custodian informed of usage, products generated Access agreements access conditions for different classes of user (e.g. commercial, government, research, NGO...) details of any transaction costs permitted/ excluded uses how/ whether to distribute to third parties how to acknowledge a disclaimer Overview: Components of a Biodiversity Information Management System (cont) Information Management Capacity identifying strengths and weaknesses ity buildin; Overview assessment of current capacity analysis of needs planning (to strengthen capacity in areas identified as deficient) capacity building Assessment what to assess data resources facilities relating to information production (from data collection through to product packaging human resources institutional linkages/partnerships who to assess network members, ...others? For more information contact WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE Email: info@wemc.org.uk Appendix 3: Project summaries 1. Biodiversity of mammals in LSRNP, with a focus on the kodkod Principal researcher & institution Nigel Dunstone (University of Durham, UK). Associated researchers & institution Leon Durbin (ITE Banchory, UK), Ian Wyllie (ITE Monks Wood, UK), Gerardo Acosta (U. de Chile, Chile). Taxonomic groups Oncifelis guigna, mammals, birds. Study area Development zone of LSRNP. Dates October 1997 - March 1998. Project description * Over six months, six kodkod were captured using live-traps, marked with ear-tags and PIT tags and fitted with radio collars. Their activity and home ranges were monitored throughout the day and night. ¢ Faeces samples were collected and tissue samples taken from the cats for dietary and genetic analysis. ¢ Automatic camera traps were used throughout the study area to monitor mammal diversity and detect the activity of animals in diverse habitats. ° Some mist-netting of birds was undertaken in order to register the presence of species in the area and to examine the character- istics of individuals. Other meetings and / or contacts Agustin Iriarte( SAG, Chile), Jaime Rau / David Martinez (U. de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile), Juan Carlos Torres-Mura (MNHN) Seminars Nigel Dunstone gave a presentation called "Ecology and pest status of the American Mink in the British Isles", in the Facultad de Ciencias, of the Universidad de Chile on December 15, 1997. 2. Epiphytic macrolichens as a tool for the evaluation of forest biodiversity in LSRNP, and lichen collection for diversity and physiology studies Principal researcher & institution Mats Wedin (NHM, UK), Wanda Quilhot (Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile). Taxonomic groups Lichens. Study area Development zone of LSRNP and north side of Laguna San Rafael. Dates November 1997. Project description ¢ Mats Wedin sampled the Nothofagus forest to the north of Laguna San Rafael, in order to describeits epiphytic lichen flora. e Samples of lichens and lichenicolous fungi were collected from along a gradient from sea level to 250 metres altitude. « Wanda Quilhot collected samples of a few lichen species for the analysis of change in UV protecting substances. ¢ Prof. Quilhot also collected samples of lichens from a particular species of tree in order to compare biomass under different conditions of substrate and light. Seminars Mats Wedin gave a talk in the Escuela de Quimica y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaiso, titled “Phylogeny and evolution of Caliciales (Ascomycotina) using rDNA sequences", on November 25 1997. 3. A study of chironomid midges, diatoms and dragonflies in lakes and rivers of the southern Andes Principal researcher & institution Steve Brooks (NHM, UK), Eileen Cox (NHM, UK). Associated researchers & institution Kelly Jackson (NHM, UK), Iain Sime (NHM, UK), Keith Bennett (University of Cambridge, UK -(consultant). Taxonomic groups Chironomid midges, diatoms and dragonflies. Study area The Leones and Neff valleys, on the eastern side of the North Patagonian ice-cap. Dates January - March 1998. Project description « Samples of chironomids and diatoms were taken from distinct bodies of water at altitudes ranging between 200 and 1500m asl. * Adult chironomids were collected using hand nets, flight-interception traps and malaise traps; pupae were collected from the surface of the water using plankton nets; larvae were collected from the surface of rocks. Sediment samples were also taken by hand, with a corer and using an Ekman Grab. * Other aquatic insects were also collected using the same methods. * Measurements were taken of the physical and chemical properties of water, and water samples were taken and preserved for further analysis in the laboratory. ¢ Adult dragonflies were captured using hand nets. * Samples of diatoms were taken from the edge of lakes and from the surface of rocks in lakes and rivers. Other meetings and/or contacts: José Arenas (Universidad Austral de Chile), Chile. Patricio Rivera (Universidad de Concepcién, Chile). 27 4. A preliminary survey of the beetle fauna of the southern Andes Principal researcher & institution Peter Hammond (NHM, UK). Associated researchers & institution Kelly Jackson (NHM, UK). Taxonomic groups Beetles. Study area The Leones and Neff valleys, on the eastern side of the North Patagonian Ice-cap. Dates January - March 1998. Project description ¢ Samples of beetles were taken from distinct bodies of water at altitudes ranging between 200 and 1500 metres above sea level. * The beetles and other insects were collected using hand-nets, flight interception traps and Malaise traps. * Beetles were collected from trees and shrubs. 5. Marine biodiversity and the distribution of biotopes in LSRNP and the Chonos Archipelago Principal researcher & institution Gordon Paterson (NHM, UK), David John (NHM, UK). Associated researchers & institution Maria Eliana Ramirez (MNHN, Chile), David Reid (NHM, UK), Cecilia Osorio (U. de Chile, Chile), Nick Evans (NHM, UK), Mary Spencer-Jones (NHM, UK). Taxonomic groups Algae, molluscs, crustaceans, polychaetes, echinoderms, bryozoa and sponges. Study area Between the Laguna San Rafael (46° 40’S) and the Isla Traiguén (45° 40’S). Dates January - March 1998. Project description * Biotopes and marine habitats in the intertidal zones were surveyed using transects and quadrat methods. The subtidal areas near the shore were sampled with small grapnels and dredges. e Salinity, pH and temperature were measured in all of the study locations and hydrographic profiles were undertaken in specific areas in order to increase understanding of the biotopes and the marine system in general. ¢ Collections of marine algae and fauna were undertaken, with the aim of making an identification guide of aquatic biodiversity. ¢ Artificial substrates were located strategically for the long term monitoring of settlement and colonisation by organisms. ¢ Observation of marine vertebrates were made, in particular of: penguins; seals; otters; cetaceans; and land mammals. Other meetings and / or contacts Nicolas Rozbaczylo (Pontificia Universidad Catdlica de Chile, Chile). 6. Biodiversity of terrestrial and freshwater molluscs in LSRNP and the Chonos Archipelago Principal researcher & institution Sergio Letelier (MNHN, Chile). Associated researchers & institution David Reid (NHM, UK), Cecilia Osorio (Universidad de Chile, Chile). Taxonomic groups Land and freshwater molluscs. Study area Between the Laguna San Rafael (46° 40’S) and the Isla Traiguén (45° 40’S). Dates February - March 1998. Project description ¢ Terrestrial and freshwater molluscs were collected and their ecology studied throughout the study area. Other Meetings and / or contacts Nick Evans, David John, David Reid, Gordon Paterson, Mary Spencer-Jones (NHM, UK). 7. Diversity of copepods in LSRNP Principal researcher & institution Geoff Boxshall (NHM, UK). Associated researchers & institution Paul Clark (NHM, UK). Taxonomic groups Copepod crustaceans, decapod crustaceans and other marine taxa (see #5). Study area Laguna San Rafael, Rio Negro, Bahia San Quintin and Golfo San Esteban. Dates February - March 1998. Project description ° Copepods (in all life stages) were collected from a number of different habitats, including: freshwater; glacial water; brackish and cold-water brackish; and marine. * The marine surveying described in project #5 was continued in the area of the Bahia San Quintin - previously unexplored. * Copepod parasites were collected from fish and invertebrates. Meetings and / or contacts Doris Soto (Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile), Fernando Jara, Carlos Jara (Chile), Pedro Baez (MNHN, Chile). Seminars Geoff Boxshall gave a talk called “Advances in the biology and control of sea lice” in the Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt on March 4. Paul Clark gave a talk “Larval rearing iechniques for decapod crustacea” in the MNHN on March 9 1998. 28 Appendix 4: Workshop assessment Participants completed an assessment form, prepared by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, at the end of the workshop. This appendix summarises the results of the evalua- tion, and some key responses and suggestions provided by del- egates: Part 1. General evaluation of the workshop In response to the question: Have you enjoyed the workshop?, 100% of participants answered “yes”. The following table summarises an evaluation of the workshop based on a rating system (1 = excellent, 2 = very good, 3 = good, 4 = fair / poor, 5 = very poor). Overall the workshop was rated between excellent and very good by participants. Evaluation criteria Average score (n=12) Quality of instruction / facilitation Workshop content Range of topics covered Duration of workshop Quality of supporting materials Relevance to the general project Overall Average Additional comments from participants after scoring the work- shop indicated that the overall feeling was of a fruitful exercise - of a type which should be held more often - and of satisfac- tion in having exchanged ideas and gained knowledge. Part 2. Specific feedback questions Delegates were asked to respond to the following 8 questions. Their combined answers have been summarised into a para- graph following each question. 1. Did the workshop accomplish its objectives? Please com- ment. Summary: The majority of participants indicated that the workshop had achieved its aims, although some comments indicated that a number of outcomes could have been made more explicit - perhaps achieved by having more time. Several delegates thought that the workshop had not quite achieved its aims, one person indicating confusion as to whether the aims were to clarify needs for the park or to propose new projects. An interesting comment was “Yes, [the aims were met] but it is up to CONAF to put the discus- sions to use, and in their turn, each delegate should improve their personal capacity to confront similar situa- tions” 2. Which aspects of the workshop did you like the most? Summary: Amongst a variety of responses, one aspect which stood out was the successful application of informa- tion management theory to the project; “... the success of the idea of information management’. Working in groups 29 was also well received, as was the structure and organisa- tion of the workshop and the demonstration of the GIS. Finally, the informal atmosphere and interactions between delegates from different institutions were highly regarded. 3. Which aspects of the workshop did you find least useful? Summary: Three of 12 delegates didn’t answer this ques- tion, while another stated that they could not identify any aspects of this type. Other responses were varied, ranging from the practical “too much time was taken up in doing translations” to remarks that some sessions were unneces- sarily long, including the introductions, some explanations of methodology and the use of the GIS. One delegate observed that “there was excessive introduction in order to arrive at the key point’. 4. What suggestions do you have for improving the efficiency of these types of workshops? Summary: Several participants suggested better time-keep- ing and one delegate suggested clearer chairmanship - although they did recognise that this might compromise the informal atmosphere. Other suggestions included more con- cise presentations, clearer objectives and the preparation of proposals and ideas prior to the meeting. For the purposes of this workshop it was suggested that “...there could have been more researchers [present]who were in the field...” One delegate remarked that “the meeting was sufficiently efficient’ (translation). 5. Please indicate in which form do you think the workshop has contributed to: a) The overall success of the project. Summary: Delegates were generally very positive in their response to this question and the most common theme which emerged was that the workshop had established pri- orities, and provided the project with focus, direction and an action plan for the way ahead. The workshop also provided an opportunity to review work undertaken, integrate ideas and results, and enable project weaknesses to be discussed. Underlying this, many delegates indicated that the interac- tion and contact between scientists was fundamental to the overall success of the project and this workshop had allowed that to occur. One participant remarked “[The workshop] helped to co-ordinate, inform and integrate the results, achievements and advances, and lead towards the development of future objectives’. b) The improvement of relations between institutions. Summary: The overwhelming response to this question was that the workshop was a very positive experience in improving relations between institutions, at both the indi- vidual and organisational level (nationally and internation- ally). Several delegates indicated that this was one of the most positive aspects of the workshop, and helped to iron out any misunderstandings which might be present. One delegate stated that the workshop “emphasises the need to co-ordinate individual efforts”. c) Serving as a model which might be applied in other regions in Chile and / or other countries. Summary: Almost all delegates stated that this workshop, and the model developed for the project, would be applica- ble more widely - one participant commented that the process adopted might prove to be one of the most interest- ing outcomes of the project. However, another delegate observed that for the model to be applied more widely, a high level of interest would need to be expressed by CONAF staff nationally. 6. Which topics should be covered in a future workshop? Summary: Although four delegates did not answer this question, those who did focused on the following: the need for more detailed discussions on obtaining funding; the interpretation of information generated by the project (and application of the database for sustainable park manage- ment); the interactions between institutions; and integration of socio-economic themes. On a more technical note, one delegate was keen to discuss the “effects of habitat frag- mentation” at a future date LR RRE OE RTE Appendix 5: Bibliography of research in LSRNP Ahumada,R. 1996. Concentracion de metales traza en sedi- mentos y organismos recolectados en la region norte de los . fiordos y canales del sur de Chile. En Resultados Crucero CIMAR-FIORDO 1. Resimenes Ampliados. Comité Oceanografico Nacional-CHILE. *Aldridge,D. et al. (eds.) In press. Laguna San Rafael National Park, Chile. The natural history of a Patagonian wilderness. CONAF and Raleigh International. Intercept. Aniya,M.1985. Aerial photographic surveys over Soler, Nef and San Rafael Glaciers. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (C. Nakajima, ed.) pp. 88-93. Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. Aniya,M.1985. Landform in the proglacial area of Soler Glacier. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (C. Nakajima, ed.) pp. 80-87. Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. Aniya,M.1987. Aerial surveys over the Patagonia Icefields. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:157-162. Aniya,M.1987. Moraine formation at Soler Glacier, Patagonia. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:107-118. *Aniya,M.1988. Glacier inventory for the Northern Patagonia Icefield,Chile, and variations 1944/45 to 1985/86. Arct. Alp. Res. 20:179-187. *Aniya,M.1992. Glacier variations in the Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile, between 1985/86 and 1990/91. In Naruse,R. and Aniya,M. (eds): Glaciological Researches in Patagonia, 1990 (130 p.): 53-60. *Aniya,M. and Enomoto,H.1986. Glacier variations and their causes in the Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile, since 1944. Arct. Alp. Res., 18: 307-316. 7. Final comments from the delegates included the following: “It was an excellent opportunity to integrate skills and knowledge” “Ensure participants are committed to active involvement in the project, in all aspects” “[{The workshop] demonstrated the importance of meetings of this type” “Ensure CONAF maintain leadership of needs and objectives” It was also pointed out that the results of the project are impor- tant, as are discussions of future strategy and the continuation of this initiative. It was recognised that much had been accom- lished in the project in a short time. PREIS IIASA TR Aniya,M. & Naruse,R.1985. Structure and morphology of Soler Glacier. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (C. Nakajima, ed.) pp. 70-79. Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. Aniya,M. & Naruse,R.1987. Structural and morphological characteristics of Soler Glacier, Patagonia. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:69-78. Aniya,M and Wakao, Y.1997. Glacier variations of Hielo Patagonico Norte, Chile, between 1944/45 and 1995/96. Bulletin of Glacier Research 15:11-18. Araya,R.,P.1990. La vegetacion de los Parques Nacionales y de las Reservas Nacionales de Aisén y Magallanes. Estudios realizados y situaci6n actual. Documento de Trabajo # 134. CONAF, Gerencia Técnica. (cf. CONAF,1990) Avaria,S., Cassis,D., Mujfioz,P. y Vera,P.1996. Distribucién del microfitoplancton marino en aguas interiores del sur de Chile. En Resultados Crucero CIMAR-FIORDO 1. Restimenes Ampliados. Comité Oceanogrdafico Nacional- CHILE. Balbontin, F. y Bernal, R.1996. Distribuci6n del ictioplancton en la zona sur austral de Chile. En Resultados Crucero CIMAR-FIORDO 1. Resimenes Ampliados. Comité Oceanografico Nacional-CHILE. Balmelli U.,H.1980. Actualidad del Istmo de Ofqui. Trapananda, Afi II, (3) 89-91. Coihaique. Bonert A.,C.1996. Hidrocarburos Clorados en Sedimentos. En Resultados Crucero CIMAR-FIORDO 1. Resimenes Ampliados. Comité Oceanografico Nacional-CHILE. Branney, M.1992. Origin, transport and deposition of ice- bearing lahars, 1991 eruptions of Volcan Hudson, Chile. In Preliminary Scientific Reports, Raleigh International, Chile 92A Expedition. (Sin informaci6n sobre el PNLSR). 30 Casassa,G.1985. El hielo Patag6nico Norte. Trapananda, Afio VII, (5) 176-192. Coihaique. Casassa,G.1987. Ice thickness deduced from gravity anomalies on Soler Glacier, Nef Glacier and the Northern Patagonia Icefield. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:43-58. Casassa,G. & Marangunic,C.1987. Exploration History of the Northern Patagonia Icefield. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:163-175. Clément,A., Rojas,X. y Lembeye, G.1996. Distribuci6én y abundancia de fitoplancton: énfasis en especies nocivas. En Resultados Crucero CIMAR-FIORDO 1. Resimenes Ampliados. Comité Oceanografico Nacional-CHILE. Colombi,A. and Unda, P. et al. 1992. Preliminary results of the gravity and geostructural research in Laguna San Rafael, southern Chile. En Preliminary Scientific Reports, Raleigh International, Chile 92A Expedition. CONAF (Corporacion Nacional Forestal). Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael. Brief information leaflet for visitors. CONAF. 1979. Tipologia de la vegetaci6n y caracterizacion de la fauna del Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael, de Caleta Huillin a Laguna San Rafael. Informe Cientifico, Departamento de Biologia, U. de Chile (Valparaiso). 100 pp. CONAF. 1982. Evaluacion y catastro de recursos de parques nacionales y reservas forestales XI regién. Reserva Forestal Peninsula de Taitao y Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael. ICSA Ingenieros Consultores. 222 pp. CONAF.1984a. Antecedentes para el uso publico de las areas silvestres protegidas en la XI regién Aisén del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo. (documento técnico UGPS). CONAF.1984b. Guia de manejo Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael.Documento de Trabajo N°13, CONAF XI Regi6n. D. Aldridge, N. Alvear, A. Espinosa, auts. CONAF. 1986. Informe: Estudio de los recursos naturales pre- sentes en el Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael. Jorge Vera M. e Isaias Coliboro C. Oficina Provincial Aysén. CONAF.1990. La vegetacién de los Parques Nacionales y de las Reservas Nacionales de Aisén y Magallanes. Estudios real- izados y situaci6n actual. Documento de Trabajo # 134. CONAF, Gerencia Técnica. P. Araya, aut. (cf. Araya,P.1990). CONAF.1992. Informe de Practica Profesional: “Andlisis de Fragilidad y Habitabilidad en Area de Desarrollo Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael’. Juan A. Fuentes M. Oficina Provincial de Puerto Aysén. CONAF. 1994. Plan de desarrollo e implementacién para el uso publico del Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael. (docu- mento técnico UGPS). CONAF.1995a. Guia de Parques Nacionales y Otras Areas Protegidas de Chile.263 pp. CONAF. 1996. Libro Rojo de los Sitios Prioritarios Para la Conservaci6n de la Diversidad Biolégica en Chile. Mujfioz, M., Niiez, H y Yafiez, J. eds. 204 pp. 31 CONAF.1997. The Guide to Chile’s National Parks and Other Protected Areas. 122 pp. Crosby, M.1992. A preliminary survey of the mosses of the Taitao Peninsula, Chile. En Preliminary Scientific Reports, Raleigh International, Chile 92A Expedition. De Vidts, E.(1910).1980. Estudios del Proyecto Ofqui.1910. Trapananda, Ano II, (3) 92-99. Coyhaique. Davenport, J.1993. The biology of the Laguna San Rafael (southern Chile):ice scour and opportunism. Unpublished(?)preliminary report on the scientific survey undertaken in Operation Raleigh 93A expedition. Davenport, J. and Innes, J.1995. Ornithology of San Rafael and the Taitao Peninsula. En Laguna San Rafael National Park, Chile. The natural history of a Patagonian wilderness. In press. Davenport, J. and Manly, R.1995. The marine ecology of the Laguna San Rafael and Golfo Elephantes. En Laguna San Rafael National Park, Chile. The natural history of a Patagonian wilderness. In press. Davenport, J and others.1995. The Marine Ecology of the Laguna San Rafael (Southern Chile): Ice Scour and Opportunism. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 41: 21-37. Duncan, K.1992. Studies on the ecology of the Chilean Nothofagus forests of the Taitao Peninsula. En Preliminary Scientific Reports, Raleigh International, Chile 92A Expedition. Dunstone, N.1997. Mammalian biodiversity in the Valdivian forests of southern Chile. Report and internal proposal for LSRNP Darwin project. Enomoto,H & Nakajima,C.1985. Recent climate-fluctuations in Patagonia. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (Nakajima,C., ed.). Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice,. 7-14. Fifield,F. and Manly, R.1992. Characterization of the waters of the Lago Presidente Rios and the Laguna San Rafael, Taitao Peninsula, southern Chile. In Preliminary Scientific Reports, Raleigh International, Chile 92A Expedition. Fujiyoshi,Y. et al.1987. Characteristics of precipitation and vertical structure of air temperature in the northern Patagonia. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:15-24. Fujiyoshi,Y. et al.1987. Cooling of water and overlying air by melting ice at Lagoon San Rafael in the Northern Patagonia. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:97-102. Fukami,H. & Naruse,R.1987. Ablation of ice and heat balance on Soler Glacier, Patagonia in 1985. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:37-42. Fukami,H. et al.1987. Meteorological measurements at Soler Glacier, Patagonia, in 1985. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:31- 36. Fukami,H. & Escobar,F. 1987. Hydrological characteristics of Soler Glacier drainage, Patagonia. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:91-96. Galloway,D.J.1990. Report on lichen collection made in the XI Region, Chile. January-February, 1990. Proyecto de terreno de Operation Raleigh 90A. Informe no publicado. Galloway,D.J.1992. Lichens of Laguna San Rafael, Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael, southern Chile: indicators of environmental change. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters. 2: 37-45. Galloway, D.J.1995. Lichens. En Laguna San Rafael National Park, Chile. The natural history of a Patagonian wilderness. In press. Harrison,S.1992. A large calving event of Ventisquero San Rafael, southern Chile. J. Glaciol. 38 (128): 208-209. Harrison,S., Winchester, V. and Warren,C.199S. Fluctuations of outlet glaciers in the Laguna San Rafael area, North Patagonian Icefield. In Laguna San Rafael National Park, Chile. The natural history of a Patagonian wilderness. In press. *Hernandez E.,M.1978. Prospecci6n extensiva del sector com- prendido entre Laguna San Rafael y Bahia San Quintin. Trapananda, Ajo I, (2) 78-88. Coihaique. *Heusser,C.J.1960. Late-Pleistocene environments of the Laguna San Rafael area, Chile. The Geographic Review 50(4): 555-581. *Heusser,J.L.1964. Some pollen profiles from the Laguna San Rafael Area, Chile. Ancient Pacific Floras. Univ. Of Hawaii Press:95-115. Hirakawa,K., & Zama,A.1985. Zooplancton investigations in Lagoon San Rafael and Elefantes Fjord. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (C. Nakajima, ed.) pp. 115-120. Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. Innes,J.L.1992. Structure of evergreen temperate rain forest on the Taitao Peninsula, southern Chile. Journal of Biogeography 19: 555-562. Inoue,J.1987. Wind regime of San Rafael Glacier, Patagonia. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:25-30. Inoue,J. et al.1987..Summer climate of the Northern Patagonia Icefield. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:7-14. *Instituto de Recursos Naturales, IREN.1979. Perspectivas de Desarrollo de los Recuros de la Regién Aisén del General Carlos Ibaiiez del Campo. Publicacién 26. Santiago, Coihaique. Kobayashi,S. & Saito,T.1985. Heat Balance on Soler Glacier. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (C. Nakajima, ed.) pp. 46-51. Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. Kobayashi,S. & Saito,T.1985. Meteorological observations on Soler glacier. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (C. Nakajima, ed.) pp. 32-36. Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. Kobayashi,S. & Naruse,R.1987. Ice avalanches on Soler Glacier, Patagonia. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:87-90. Kohshima,S.1985. Patagonian glaciers as insects habitats. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983- 1984 (C. Nakajima, ed.) pp. 94-99. Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. Kondo,H. & Nakajima,C. 1985. Characteristic features of the cloud distribution over the Northern Icefield in December, 1983. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (C. Nakajima, ed.) pp.15-21. Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. *Kondo,H & Yamada,T.1988. Some remarks on the mass bal- ance and the terminal -lateral fluctuations of the San Rafael Glacier, The Northern Patagonia Icefield. Bull. Glac. Res. 6, 55-63. Lawrence,D.B. and Lawrence,E.G.1959. 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Oceanographic fea- tures and a proposal for the circulation of some southern Chile inlets between 41°20’S and 46°40’S. Revista de Biologia Marina, Valparaiso 30(2):207-254. Silva S.,N., Maturana,J. y Ramirez,B.1996. Evaluacion del contenido de carbono, fdsforo y nitrogeno en los sedimentos de la zona de canales, entre Puerto Montt y Laguna San Rafael y la deteccidn de posibles zonas contaminadadas. En Resultados Crucero CIMAR-FIORDO 1. Resimenes Ampliados.Comité Oceanografico Nacional-CHILE. *Steffen,H.1947. Patagonia Occidental. Las cordilleras patagonicas y sus regiones circundantes. Vol. II. Ediciones Universidad de Chile: 445-510. Sweda,T.1987. Recent retreat of Soler Glacier, Patagonia as seen from vegetation recovery. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:119-124. Sweda,T. & Inoue,J.1987. Dendrochronologies of San Rafael and Soler areas, Patagonia. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:125-132. Valenzuela A.,E.1996. Estudio de los sedimentos recientes: caracterizaciOn del sustrato. En Resultados Crucero CIMAR- FIORDO 1. Resimenes Ampliados. Comité Oceanografico Nacional-CHILE. *Vergara,Z.1916. Fauna de Taitao. Bibl. Museo Nac. His. Nat. 9,163-165. Santiago. 34 *Vildésola, Y. M.1981. Programa de Interpretacién en Area de Desarrollo del Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael. Corporaci6n Nacional Forestal XI Region Aysén. 115pp. Vogel,A.1996. Observation of regeneration pattern of vegeta- tion damaged by volcanic ashfall of Volcano Hudson, southern Chile. Arbeiten aus dem Institut fiir Landschaftsokologie. Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier (Hrsg.). Band 1:107-114. Warren,C.1992. Twentieth century oscillations of San Rafael glacier, Chilean Patagonia: The role of calving dynamics. En Preliminary Scientific Reports, Raleigh International, Chile 92A Expedition. *Warren, C.R.1992. Iceberg calving and the glacioclimatic record. Progress in Physical Geography 16: 252-282. Warren,C.R.1993. Rapid recent fluctuations of the calving San Rafael glacier, Chilean Patagonia: climatic or non- climatic? Geografiska Annaler 75A (3): 111-125. Warren,C.R.1995. Glacier Calving Dynamics. En Laguna San Rafael National Park, Chile. The natural history of a Patagonian wilderness. In press. Winchester, V. et al.1991. The San Rafael glacier: recession and rates of ice movement. Operation Raleigh Science Project. Chile 91A Expedition. Informe no publicado(?). Winchester, V. and Harrison,S.1992. Examination of environ- mental and climatic changes on the North Patagonian icefield, the San Rafael and San Quentin glaciers, southern Chile. En Preliminary Scientific Reports, Raleigh International, Chile 92A Expedition. Winchester, V. and Harrison,S.1995. The Climate of Western Patagonia. In Laguna San Rafael National Park, Chile. The natural history of a Patagonian wilderness. In press. Yamada,T.1987. Glaciological characteristics revealed by 37.6-m deep core drilled at the accumulation area of San Rafael Glacier, the Northern Patagonia Icefield. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:59-68. Yamada,T. et al.1987. Ice core drilling operations in the Northern Patagonia Icefield. Bulletin of Glacier Research 4:151-156. Zama,A.1985. Fishes collected in Lagoon San Rafael, with some notes on some biological observations. In Glaciological Studies in the Patagonia Northern Icefield, 1983-1984 (Nakajima,C., ed.). Data Center for Glacier Research, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice, pp. 107-114. *Zamora,E y A.Santana.1979. Caracteristicas climaticas de la costa occidental de la Patagonia entre las latitudes 46° 40‘y 56° 30’S. Anales Inst. Patag. 10:109-144. * These papers are not available at UGPS. Part II Half-day Environmental Education Workshop April 2nd 1998, Coyhaique, Region XI, Chile Introduction “Ignorance is one of the most important causes of environ- mental impoverishment. With an adequate system of informa- tion, we can learn not only not to repeat the mistakes of others but also to benefit from others’ achievements” Mustapha Tolba, ex-Executive Director UNEP (1980) One of the key objectives of the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1992, was to increase awareness of biodiversity and the environment. Correspondingly, one of the aims of this Darwin Initiative project, part of a scheme which originated from the same conference, is to provide information which may be used for educational purposes within Chile. To meet this aim, a half day workshop was convened in Coyhaique, by CONAF’s regional Environmental Education Co-ordinator and facilitated by Donald Gordon and Javier Beltran from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. This meeting directly followed the LSRNP biodiversity research programme review workshop and involved teachers with an interest or speciality in environmental education from the com- munities in and around Coyhaique, CONAF rangers and dele- gates from CODEFF (an environmental NGO). This document outlines the proceedings of the workshop and summarises the outputs. Our thanks go to the delegates, and in particular to Maria Jimena Rojas the CONAF Environmental Education Co-ordinator who brought the meeting to fruition. Background to the project Since its inception, this biodiversity research programme in LSRNP has brought 20 scientists from the UK and Chile to study a wide range of taxonomic groups in the park. These range from the threatened wild cat - the giiifia - to beetles, lichens and sea lice. Moreover, a comparable amount of research is yet to be undertaken before the project reaches its end. The information being generated from this research is new to the region and each individual project has aims which fall into one or more of the following categories: describing the diversity of life; understanding the behaviour of organisms; monitoring change in ecosystems. These categories are all fundamental to understanding the wider environment, and the information resulting from each apply not only to LSRNP, where the work was done, but also regionally (e.g. the giiifia is found throughout region XI), nationally (e.g. certain species of algae might only be found in this part of Chile) and internationally (e.g. lichens may help to monitor change in UV radiation levels). 35 One of the possible uses of this information is in the prepara- tion of ‘information products’ which may be used by teachers to increase the knowledge and awareness of children about their local biodiversity and environments, and about national and international issues, such as the thinning of the ozone layer. This information may also be used in support of envi- ronmental decision-making by future generations. As mentioned, one objective of the Darwin Initiative biodiver- sity research programme in LSRNP is to produce material of this type, responding directly to local needs. This half day workshop was the first stage of a consultative process to iden- tify local priorities for educational material based on the infor- mation provided by the research in LSRNP. Workshop aims 1. To instil awareness of the research programme in the local teaching community; To determine the extent of environmental education resources available in Region XI; . To find out how the information being produced from this research might be useful to teachers in Region XI; . To create a list of priority educational information products. 2. 4 Presentations ¢ Welcome and introduction to the meeting by Maria Jimena Rojas. ¢ Slide presentation and project overview by Sergio Herrera. Key points included: LSRNP: not just the Laguna San Rafael The Darwin Initiative: an international collaboration Biodiversity of LSRNP: very little is currently known Local knowledge: essential to complement research Information: can be used at many different levels Interpretation: how to translate scientific information for use at primary or secondary school levels Goal of workshop: to find out from the delegates what is needed This presentation also included maps produced by the GIS system, which may be used to produce information products for educational purposes. See pages 12 and 13, for examples. It was remarked that slides of the flora and fauna, such as shown during this presentation, would be a useful resource. “The technology and basic information is available.....we need to take scientific information and develop it for use by in an educational context.” e Discussion on current status of environmental education in Region XI - key points and comments: - Environmental education has only very recently been built into the curriculum. Because of this its potential is yet to be properly explored; - “There is information, but nothing of much use’’: there is a need for material which will capture the imagination, and which is colourful and interesting. For example, there is a basic guide / checklist of the flora and fauna of the region, but it is completely unsuitable for school use; - There is information but no easy means of accessing it; - Information which is available is often at a level which is too technical for children; - CONAF have obtained sponsorship from a local company to produce a 24 page colour leaflet about the shrubs and tree flora of the area, including basic information such as common name, scientific name and description of the species. * Most of the rest of the afternoon was taken up by a brain- storming session to produce concrete ideas for educational material. This session was led by Donald Gordon and Javier Beltran, WCMC. LICHENS AND FORESTS Issue: Knowledge of forests and their influence on the cli- mate/environment. Content: Information about the variety of trees, and shrubs in the area, and the dominant forest types. Activities or information products: Look for material from the literature, show slides about the region, and videos of the study area. Visit the park. Exhibition by project professionals. Evaluation: Produce a folder with material obtained from the work, including a commentary about the visit and a display with work and samples. Issue: Lichens as a tool for the evaluation of forest biodiversity. Activities or information products: Make a collection of local lichens. Have a visit to see lichens around Laguna Toro y Escondida and to compare them with lichens in the city. Issue: Biodiversity of forests in LSRNP. Lichens. Content: interrelationships for the protection of species. Activities or information products: Talks, field trips and videos of a diverse range of species and habitats. Issue: Lichen physiology / environmental change. Content: The changes in UV radiation protecting substances in lichens. Activities or information products: Collect and identify lichens with accompanying material. Issue: Lichens as a tool for the evaluation of forest biodiver- sity. Activities or information products: Identification in the field, leaflets with common and scientific names. GENERAL Produce a written document and audio-visual material about all of the projects undertaken in LSRNP for environmental education. vation and other subjects. Content: Distribution, conservation status, diet and other bio- Activities or information products: Video and talks with Content: Investigation, place, condition, abundance, conser- Each delegate was given information about the projects undertaken in LSRNP. From this, they each devised one key idea for useful products, drawing on the following questions: ¢ What are the issues needing information? ¢ What should its content be? ° What activities or information products are needed to pro- duce required information? Each idea generated was written onto a label and stuck to a board. The ideas were then grouped together by issue for ease of interpretation and for discussion, as portrayed in the boxes below. ANIMALS Issue: Biodiversity of mammals with emphasis on the guina. logical aspects. slides. Issue: Guina and beetles. Content: Habitats. On what do they feed? What predates on them? Type of reproduction. Activities or information products: Method of presenta- tion: video. Issue: Biodiversity of beetles. Activities or information products: Field trips , collect and identify their location in the habitat. Issue: Guina. Content: The difference between the domestic cat and the guina, focusing on the natural history and behaviour. Activities or information products: Videos, slides, poster, leaflets etc. Issue: Guina. Content: Could they be in our fields and houses? Where are their habitats? Could they live with people? How do you react in front of a guina? Activities or information products: Video including inter- view with scientists and people from the countryside about the giifa. Issue: Biodiversity of mammals (glia and zorros). Content: What there is, how they live and why they are important. Activities or information products: Production of leaflets and posters. Issue: Guina. Content: How could the guina help control the hanta virus. Or which other species could do this. Habitat. Activities or information products: Audio-visual display. 36 Other ideas for information products - Slide pack: the flora and fauna of LSRNP and Region XI, with complete set of notes and descriptions. - Visits for children to Laguna San Rafael with accompanying scientists and teacher. - Talks and presentations on issues by relevant scientist or expert to groups of teachers. - Annotated map of the protected areas of Region XI, with accompanying information about each area. Summary The ideas produced by the delegates had some common themes. In order of preference the main issues were: : 1. The giiifia and other mammals = 2. Lichens (including their relevance to UV radiation) 3. Forests 4. Beetles z ae ee ASIA SARL IAA RERROALEE SESE DEERE OLS RAL LEE LALLA The preferred methods of communication were: a 1. Video 2. Field trips 3. Talks (with slides) 4. Leaflets / posters weeenonenennenopeeeenerehes agent] Conclusions * The day established a new network between CONAF (main office and guardaparques) and environmental education teachers and instructors. Maria Jimena Rojas will act as the link between each group and the Darwin Initiative research programme. CONAF already have links of this type and are keen to see them expanded. » The meeting proved useful in raising awareness of the research programme amongst the teaching community in Region XI. * The delegates generated a wide range of interesting ideas for potential educational products and expressed clear indica- tions of the methods in which they would wish to see this information communicated. ° The issue-driven approach to the generation of educational material was new to many of the delegates, and was a pro- ductive and interesting exercise. The next steps 1. The project co-ordinators will use the concrete ideas gener- ated by this workshop to prepare funding proposals. 2. Immediate steps will be taken to prepare an initial educa- tional tool (e.g. a set of annotated slide packs of the local flora and fauna) which will be a resource for teachers avail- able through CONAF. 3. Should funding proposals be successful, a further workshop will be convened to determine exactly how available resources should be spent. 37 os LALA RP POL LOPES ELSESE SED SELES SES ELE SSSES SODA PPSEE? z % z 2 snmnenenannnnncesnnnnnccnennnnts z Z H Ei Name |Workshop participants — neeneneneacnnereuncenerenecnienh School / Org. Address, Tel Emma Elgueta Instituto Chiloé : Héctor i Caballero | Maria Jimena E Rojas Alicia Pinuer G. : Ana Maria : Pino H. / Elba Gonzalez José Cayun : Pedro : Guerrero A. = : Antonio Saez Nora Contreras R. Hipdlito Medina ? Hern4n ae elasquez : Don Gordon / Javier Beltran iseveio Herrera E. Darwin Project Co-ordinator Sam Rose Darwin Project Co-ordinator LOOM ALONE ENON GNOME OSHA NADINNSONA ANANDA + For further information, please contact Sergio Herrera E. or 4 x la Ecologia CONAF CONAF Escuela Diferencial Espafia Liceo Josefina Aguirre Escuela Nieves del Sur Escuela Pablo Neruda Escuela Canada Escuela Rio Claro Escuela José A. Silva Ormefnio CODEFF Aisén Reserva Nacional, Tamango World Conservation Monitoring Centre CONAF Raleigh International Sam Rose at the above addresses yee OEM ENOLIEMNIEOENENIEOMNEDEIEDEDIETDD ENN RII NSCabNNebbibinebbibeastasesncibbeneaseneeseeseesenacetabions Senda Darwin, Ancud, Region X 65 622744 Bilbao 234 Coyhaique Region XI 67 237070 Av. Ogana 1060 Coyhaique, 231065 Los Manios s/n Coyhaique 235912 Ibanez 15, Coyhaique 233517 Los Pinos s/n 232070/ 231530 Carretera Austral Km 32, Coyhaique, Region XI | Prat 139, Coyhaique 231384 Camino Aerédromo, Tte Vidal, Coyhaique 231399 J. Steffens 85,Balmaced. Region XJ 272114 Bilbao/12 de Octubre, Coyhaique 234451 Rio Neff 417, Cochrane, Region XI 522164 Cambridge UK Bilbao 234 Coyhaique Region XI 237070 27 Parsons Green Lane London SW6 4HZ, UK 44 171 371 8585 rl 15 a ee mest moyhcay caer vo eatsly ta a idole!” og ‘Sealie| ait» eel aie eS plc Doelatt ode. 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