IE LAA LAL LAA ease Riou a pate nut pune ‘teh a i rt nee 1 int in Spat HPA PN ei) ns ihe i PHT | Mi ish Ae out is = ——s < - ——— : ee Sst ager cit = 4 Leia i cue gl It ih 1M tei if Late } Hite fit i . = ¢ - > wt _ « bin 5 ve —,. T. Bak D-NOPES THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB, FOR THE STUDY OF ALI, SPECIES OF BIRDS IN FREEDOM AND CAPTIVITY —-— —< oO iS) VOLUME I.—SERIES III. Ee “ By mutual confidence and mutual aid, Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.” EDITED BY Meso enY LT. “PAGE, —F-Z-S., MeB:N.H:S. AuTHonr oF “ AVIARIES AND Aviary Lire” Eve. fy: [Am Coon} J. H. HENSTOCK, AVIAN PRESS, ASHBOURNE, 1918. Nh Al tl ee: HUT Ab MUSEUM HDT E I YROVEUN LAUT AL 1407 Sheth ens , ' ; Pras» c < a * ‘ , , x ru f i fc = ey, = aa my ye trond (By S. A:% ba ¢ " ‘ uy rly Pi aes Ss ~ i = ~ _,* + M Bas if Fy a as nN * —— ~ 8 ay a es + ‘ to j ‘ oy g * ' a : : ta . ¥ he , ’ ‘ f Ane QEAks ; cr ‘y f “S J 7 ° , é a : fi 4 i . “ : Contents. iil. Contents. PAGE. PIMGUEM PAGE, t2ii-ssccedets ane seveanetoes Wa ivisnsedavvorsaceaasecteawtieceretesces a SEGRETARWAS PIEPORT . sca coccmecsesstedesses osdaras dows nettaicsstoeauamsehers Ww. IETSRIORMPEATES | © scat acces tactconesnstan dsesetessotaccsecsaaetecece Jekeceks v. MEMUSTRATIONSEING DHE EXD) .trccsecesdunccesocss ccs vsce see etenapeceens vi. IND ESE TOM CONDRIRULORS) yawasccaececconssoernnss saceaemneccemeeenetes vil. SIREN IVUNGAZIINES steniscsntanesavaecesccceavawelsc sciotss- 00a) am cceseeeenteeseae se I GENERATMUNDEXGE honcecsccce mast se seas cncch canta vnccecesneumeeece cee 280 INDEXGTONGENERAWAND: SPECIES) o.c. cece ce-eees costes sesaceeeraedde eee 287 UINSIET Meee paees tees cose es coset aswicaeisnaceveceevcccseve asses caresauahe Pink Pages. WW. Secretary’s Report. Secretary’s Report. —_———_~<>—_—_—_ With this issue another volume of Brrp Notes is complete. | When compared with those which have preceded it, | think the members will agree with me, that such comparison is very favourable. To our Honorary Officers and principally the Editor Mr. Page, belongs the credit. With the strenuous times through which we have passed during the year, it has not been a pathway of roses for any of the club officials. Although at present we have not raised the annual subscription, being very loth to do so, I think it well to remind members that, owing to the large increase in the cost of production, their 10s. does not cover expenses. It is therefore up to the members who can afford it to contribute to the Illustration Fund. Like other similar societies many of our members, who were keen and generous supporters of the Club, have given their ‘lives for King and Country, and we need many others to take their places. 1919, we all hope, is to see peace signed and at.an early date. This means many will be returning to civilian life and their old hobby. If we all do what lies in our power I shall not have to again, I trust, send out a similar reminder circular to that which I have been obliged to send lately. Wake up F.B.C. members and let us pull through. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, List of Plates. v. List of Plates. Opposite Page GeO VEL seca coecsscs ee cinniusncnnncrednnerent-seesedeinesrsevisisesienr! airsusessacsse seas I (Giotidkesn, TEMG SGG5® hohadlbanegecegoctiendecs cb Coocococb oc aden on jo begeREBDEEE Ooo sb dNennben ean ecsCnHo 2 Nest and Eees of Jackson's Whiydalt 22.0... cin. secsccaececenserecsescesceeseennncs I5—© Jackson’s Whydah on its Dancing Ground .............:::cseeseeeeeeee eee eeeete 16 (Ginciaim, (CANTGIIEET IS) pa paassaboboot easepe coocpobCOD Petar Dupo o eee aBeusnudoab Houcur buCROnCUccooean 29 IPreayecrnnill IDYaRKGS, ccrbedeaetupscpsdedcles 600007 07-68 0hbe icp oEEeB Coc dba rnucoonlipnnactb as saaeaccy 40 pete din Ove OTUMINESE Gasecevaed.csesaaaseen ane’ cedar oc deldeeaenneteiatabsieleisloe celine: 41 Wounes Diwan (Ground) DOVE ..c.....ccsc..0.2.-+ccnsns++ccnasnesenenatesssecensesceecaen 42 Nulayclagaasterin IAORi@ITERCIS: ¢e5sehpapoqn¢ayone saya shenuo2seedeadesoooccod sonceNecosd.acuapaeeor 53 eeIZeeWan oe dD Ove! 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XC GNI cocqgstiagoosdneedodn oop eocondd cn ape oogpaBeerancdconcosasuceHocepeurooecne 8o STA MMB IO CCOCATe PUNGU DATING: 262 aeisne oneoelsccnss vss sceeemaaduaden cena eaiaas ses 101 IAC KSC CMHC INEST CUO) Greene. ste mwslecl coin saeo/ aeclanetdensme@mepeicaas eves e+ 102 estan dae Aesrotg Ol PMULy, SCCU=CATCT tiniidess-cores ose e-censienitecarrebechesense secs. 103 NGL cesar oti CA lCUU TAs. .starastccemabececeepesoocends «2s se+nsdesuaenssaeedtstnstevnec 107 MERE Sanleciinn Sal Git icles th aaesadctrennateec te tce sion ceesintio’aa aw oean seeenepaomanentcenescer sale 108 Marpac Ile Ge LEDid OVElsardesces sncnvaccesss sce ssesetoetomdrersesueceascesese 12 Beer Eire SPO Blak Rail... citscscccsecneseocsnieysieseve deco tesddvesnse decevtesene 125 crane TASK ECD OV CMM sii cch enc sertee ais wcsi4cuetcn cat cui aa «ose cacteeeebene tenes sto oe aovéascowsePueacuantiecsine si to 128 CCMA LOM AUVIACAW)= ls-consdcscotatesthertsscerstsvonsencodeqaumettdiensnslisaceses ane 128 SSC CM LUM GIES oer ems iccs bua ooa sense tereteaspeeesacncvsticsecs..asccseeeeretenneieeseesersaes- 149 ISveraleiiztegial SILGRIGINEGIS: sondnaser cacebclnndeecacot eee ohec ter EemeeR eon Eotocc caaccuneeeeaceneaer 101 Peete eam VEARAWSte tise) d- ic ct siecssusicoen as acuiuarcts.cartag cise. -oassdencemtecersadeuetieccecen 161 MEN toe lm CV CMM ce kucce ene Prc tices Weare lige des csv nas v«n ao NeMOPReR RRM CN eAa epson des 165 SA Cersmlear rest VAVIATY NINO. Al tentnnncntsee->onn sos sencosteeenteaeeeiesadssceasae 175 renincmoidnem Vir Paces, AwiariGS <..accecssrccscessas-escostereeetaatieascas oe sce on 177 PAPERS eANVIATICS; NOS: Ty 2peANG Bf suc eteeoicsvic-a.sseeceeereauernenetelsvesscnae 178 PumcyeNeltemrtdken from inside fioht) 2 ....cscce.c-+eecnrsnceetesr.cesendveseseses 179 Grimsonerin meds Wikty daly) ic..-sscesearecneoecest MMMM, «un vies ousceutheeuaeesmacee ess enasee 183 ETN MEO BENY DINAS Ey com iy caritdfesata sesso 25 —_——_ SPEKE’S WHITE-WINGED WHYDAH. Ge Copies, TAU a, Hats, Synonomy. Vidua eques. Hartlaub. P.Z.S, 1863, 106. Pl, 15, Whydahs. 13 Penthetria eques (Cab. 1878), and B.M. Cat. 220. Urobrachya eques (Fischer. 1885). Coliuspasser eques (Sh. 1886) and B. Afr. iv. 45. REFERENCES. Plate; see above (lVidua eques). Rance. E. Africa (Somaliland to Semliki Valley, S. to Uhehe). This eastern representative of the White-winged Whydahs is distinguished from the others by the yellow patch at the bend of the wing being bordered with chestnut. Neither it nor the Angola bird have, as far as | know, been yet imported alive. YELLOW-BACKED WHYDAH. Penthetriopsis macrura, H.L. v. 412. Synonomy. ii Yellow-backed Widow-bird; Yellow-mantled Whydah. * Long-tailed Grosbeak (Lth). II Loxia moineau. Mull. 1776. Vidua moineau (Gray. 1870). Loxia macroura. Gm. 1788. Vidua macroura. (Gray. 1849). Pentheria macrura (Bp. 1850). Penthetria macrura (Cab. 1850). Cohiostruthus macrurus (Cassin. 1859). Coliuspasser macrurus (Sh. 1886). Penthetriopsis macrura (Sharpe. B.M. Cat. xiii. 220). Fringilla flavoptera. VII. 1805. Fringilla chrysoptera. VII. 1823. Vidua chrysonotus. Sw. 1837. Penthetria flaviscapulata. Antinori (nec Rupp.) 1864. Rance. W. Africa (Senegambia to Angola). Equatorial Africa. E. Africa. REFERENCES. Butler. F.F. 293. Plate. d 9. -Cassell. 402 eomeniss a 218. El 75. Singv. 62. Pie27. Buatler.i. too: Gedney. ii. 131 Sh. iv. 49. The Yellow-backed Whydah is quite well-known as a cage-bird, and though never common has been at times imported 14 Whydahs. in fair numbers. I once had more than thirty at one time in the Gambia, where in a few localities they are quite common, but unfortunately lost the lot through an accident. In spite however of its comparative commonness, there 1s no record of its having yet been bred in captivity, and very little is known of its wild life. According to Butler, Reichenow’s account of the habits of birds observed at Accra would suggest that polygamy is not in this species the rule as it 1s with other Whydahs. He also quotes Shelley’s description of the eggs:—‘‘ pale green or greenish grey spotted with grey.”’ <> Penthetriopsis conradsi, Neumann. 1908. H.L. vy. 412. Rance. Victoria Nyanza (Ukerewe Peninsula). Another yellow-backed bird, of which I know nothing otc the above from the Hand List. =o YELLOW-SHOULDERED WHY DAH. Penthetriopsis macrocerca. H.L. v. 412. Synonomy. I Yellow-shouldered Widow-bird. Lichtenstein’s Yellow-shouldered Whydah. * Yellow-shouldered Oriole (Brown. 1776). Il Fringilla macrocerca. Licht. 1823. Vidua macrocerca (Des Murs 1845). Penthetria macrocerca (Cab. 1850). Colius- passer macrocercus (Sh. 1886). Penthetriopsis macrocerca Sharpe. 1900. (B.M. Cat. xiii. 223). Coliuspasser flaviscapulatus. (Rupp. 1835-40). Penthetria flavis- capulata (Bp. 1850). Penthetria flaviscapulata (Gray, 1875) Coliuspasser flaviscapulata (Blanf. 1870). Colius p fl lata (Blanf. 1870) REFERENCES, Sine@w. 63: | Plate, @272 SRusse eee Sly iv. DW. AywE a.oug +A, olor ‘TIepP ATA SMOsyoRe Jo sssq pure isan ‘SULON Guild + Whydahs. 15 Rance. N.E. Africa (Abyssinia, Shoa). A very occasionally imported species, of which Russ even had heard of only two specimens i: captivity in his time, and from the absence of records it does not seem to have got any commoner since. The plumage of the adult male is all black, set off by yellow patches at the angles of the wings. ——_——_>——— REICHENOW’S YELLOW-SHOULDERED WHYDAH. Penthetriopsis soror, V1.1. v. 412. Synonomy. Penthetria soror. Keich. 1887. Penthetriopsis soror (Sharpe. 1890. Cat. p. 223). Coliuspasser soror (Sh. 1896). Rance. Equatorial Africa (Victoria Nyanza). REFERENCES. Sh. iv. 53. Plate 24. @. This,Captain Shelley says, is the Equatorial representa- tive of the preceding, of which it is merely a smaller edition. It is not yet known in captivity, but appears to be common locally in its native country. ——_———_— JACKSON’S WHYDAH. Drepanoplectes jacksom. H.L. v. 412. Synonomy. Drepanoplectes jacksoni (Sharpe. 1891). Coliuspasser jacksoni. (Shelley. 1896). Coliuspasser jacksoni (Shelley. 1905). REFERENCES. Sharpe. Ibis. 1891. 246. Plate. v. Sh. iv. 55 RANGE. Equatorial Africa (Victoria Nyanza). British E. Africa (Machakos to Lake Baringo). Jackson’s Whydah is quite a recent addition to aviculture, as the first specimens to be imported alive into the United King- dom were those received by the Zoo in 1910. In spite of this however, there is a good deal more on record about it than there is about many of the other longer-known species. The dance and displays of the males, which take place in chosen spots in 16 Whydahs. the grass, where the ground soon becomes bare and trampled down with the jumps, gyrations and scratching of the birds, was first described by the discoverer of the species, in the /bis of 1899 (p. 599). This account Shelley gives in full and it is also quoted in Birp Nores, 1911. p. 301. Indeed so much well- deserved attention has this Whydah received in our pages, that I need do no more here than refer my readers to the various articles. With the account just quoted is given an excellent plain plate of the male in full colour, which shows well the cock- curved tail and the general look of the bird, while extracts from other writers in the /bis amplify Mr. Jackson’s notes. In the 1914 volume (p. 195), the Editor gave us a full account of the habits of the bird in captivity, of its dance, dancing places etc., as seen in the aviary. In 1915 we have some notes by Mr. Low accompanied by photographs (p. 228), while in the following year Mr. Shore Baily is able to record the successful breeding of the species in an article illustrated with photos of the bird, the nest and eggs. The latter are here described as “ greenish white, blotched and spotted with various shades of brown and Sreya The next genus Urobrachya is distinguished from the other Whydahs by the fact that there is no increase, or at least no marked increase in the length of the tail in the full-plumaged males, but like the other Whydahs and many of the Weavers the neck feathers elongate and can be erected into a sort of ruff during the breeding season. The adult males, when in full colour, are glossy black with red, orange or yellow shoulder- patches. The undress is of the usual Whydah and Weaver type, brown spotted with darker brown or black, alike in male and female, though the adults of the former are always to be dis- tinguished (Sh. iv. 59) by the bright rufous of the under wing- coverts, which is retained throughout the year. es NATAL FAN-TAILED WHY DAH. Urobrachya axillaris. H.L. v. 412. Hyg aloys “Al ONT ‘punoiy Sururg sit uo yepAT Ay §,uosyour ‘SALON aug Whvydahs. 17 Synonomy. I Red-shouldered Whydah, Red-shouldered Widow-bird. Short-tailed Whydah. “Flop ’* in Natal. bit Vidua axillaris. Smith 1838. Urobrachya axillaris (Bp. 1850). 6 Cat. 224. & Sh. B. Afr. Penthetria axillaris (Licht. 1854). Coliuspasser axillaris (Sh. 1886). REFERENCES. Smith. III. Zool. S. Afr. Aves. Plate. 17. freat)s ome. 64. Plate. 20. fig.229. Sh.iy.60; B.S.A. i. Paaeenuer i. IOl. Russidizar. Rance. S.E. Africa (Pondoland to the Zambesi). Stark writes as follows on these Whydahs. “ Like all the members of this genus they are polygamous in their habits, ‘“and in the spring the handsome males, looking very brilli- “* ant and spruce in their recently acquired plumage of velvety- * “black, with scarlet and orange epaulettes, may be seen “ flitting over the reeds or grass with a curious “ flopping ”’ “flight each one attended and closely followed in all his ““ movements by ten or twelve females, insignificant-looking “little brown birds, which nearly always keep close together ““in a “ bunch ’’ a few yards behind their lord and master. ““ About the beginning of November the females separate and “commence building their nests.’’ He goes on to say that each occupies a separate nest, the cock in the meantime taking no share in the business, except to watch for and give warning at the approach of intruders. The nest, he describes, as usually built in a tuft of grass, 8 to 10 inches off the ground, “‘ a beauti- “ fully light and airy structure, oval in shape and domed, with “a side entrance near the top; it measures about four inches “and a half in height, and three inches in diameter, is cons- “tructed of fine grass with the flowering tops attached, ““ woven in a sort of open network, so that the sides can be “seen through without any additional lining. The sides of “the nest are attached to many of the surrounding grass- ““ stalks, the blades and tops of the latter being bent over in “the form of a canopy so as to completely conceal it from ce iad 18 Whydahs. ~ above. “The -egesunane are three in number. They have a “highly polished surface of clear sea-green, marked with “ large spots and blotches of deep olive-brown.”’ In B. N. 1916, Mr. Shore Baily describes the nesting of his aviary pair of Red-shouldered Whydahs, which were prob- ably of this species, though received by him as Bocage,’s, which however, has orange shoulders. He gives a photo of the nest and eggs, which unfortunately is as far as the birds got, and which is the nearest to a breeding success that has so far been reached by any one in this country. Mr. Teschemaker tells us in the A. M. for 1910, that it has been bred in Germany. a ZANZIBAR FAN-TAILED WHYDAH. Urobrachya Juldebrandti. H.L. v. 413. Synonomy. Urobrachya sanzibarica. Shelley. 1881. & B. Afr. 64. U. hildebrandti. Sharpe. 1890. Cat. 225. U. phoenicea hildebrandti. (Reich. 1904). REFERENCES. Sh. iv. 64. Plate. 30 fig. 1. Rance. E. Africa (Witu to Kondeland). (To be Continued). SEK = Attempt to Rear Rheas with Turkey Foster-mothers. Byakers comm ViiiinRehEZnSe In 1916 I hada true pair of Rheas (South American Ostrich) and when the hen started to lay, it occurred to me that I might save the eggs and try if I could hatch them and rear the chicks by means of Turkeys. One usually finds that the first few eggs of ducks and geese are infertile, so I kept the first four merely for their shells. Later on, when corresponding with a friend on the subject he told me he found the first four or so always infertile and hard- boiled them for use as nest eggs. The next eight my keeper placed under a turkey hen, kindly lent by a lady in the Attempt to rear Rheas. 19 neig. bourhood. These eggs unfortunately proved infertile or were more probably fertile, but there being, perhaps, too many for the turkey to cover properly, may have got chilled. The result from the next seven, for which I also borrowed a turkey, was the same and out of the next six I managed to hatch but one chick with another turkey, and I therefore concluded I had given the birds too many eggs, though they appeared to cover them with ease. Anyhow, if experimenting further I would give eacu turkey only four eggs, so as to make sure the latter got a full share of heat. I succeeded in proving, however, that it is possible to get a turkey to sit on such large eggs and also, I think, successfully incubate them. Being much the same size as Emu’s eggs the lat- ter could also be tried. The advantages of using turkeys are that these can be set under cover, and also you have several nests instead of only one to depend on. These eggs take six weeks to hatch and it ‘s rarely that we get six weeks without a few heavy showers, and, if these are heavy enough to flood the nest, either the eggs get chilled or your Rhea forsakes and in either case you lose the entire clutch. Whereas even if a turkey does forsake, and that is very unlikely, you only lose a few eggs. The turkey was very pleased with her chick, which, of course was not unlike a young turkey, but much larger, and if the weather had been decent, I am sure we would have had no difficulty in rearing it; unfortunately it was, by this time, wet on in September and very cold for that time of the year, so that the little creature only lingered on for about a week and then died. We sheltered it as well as we could, but, as these creatures eat a great deal of green food, I felt I must keep the chick on a nice fresh grass run. My Rhea hen started laying about the second week in April, generally every third day, and laid 25 eggs, each weigh- ing about 18 ounces. These are a beautiful bright primrose yellow colour when laid, but fade in a few days to a washy yellow, even when brought into the house. The old_ birds I find quite hardy, for though they have a shed they never use it, preferring to sit out at night even in snow. Unforunately this spring my cock Rhea killed his mate and I have been unable to find another, and would be glad to hear of one for next season. 20 Attempt to rear Rheas. In conclusion it may be of interest to those of our mem- bers who are unacquainted with the breeding habits of these birds just to explain these briefly. The birds live in small flocks and when the breeding season arrives the male scrapes out a nest in the ground, lining it barely with straws and fine twigs Young Rhea (one week old). (probably only straws in his native country, which is the Pam- pas); he then induces some of the hens to lay there, and after he has collected from nine to fifteen eggs he sits on them, hatching and rearing the chicks himself. The hens meantime take up with another cock and so he also gets a batch of eggs to incubate, and this probably goes on all summer if the birds lay as well as mine did. My Pet T oucanette. 21 My Pet Toucanette. By K. Woopwarb. We all have our favourite bird and mine is a Toucan or Toucanette (Aracari) called the *‘ Gentleman ”’ and the freshest thing I ever owned. He is now biting the pencil and my fingers as I try to compose this letter, but if the Editor wants my unscientific jottings, let us start at the beginning. Looking around a shop fifteen months ago, acquaintance was first struck up by scratching his head through the bars. The price was ascertained and somebody nearly died right there, and it wasn't the bird, but yet I knew he would be mine and he was next day. As it was a new importation the bird remained in this store for seasoning and I used to play with him until one time the inspector, witnessing the exhibition and the crowd which had gathered, voiced his objections to a stranger playing with the firm’s property. Explanations were made and apologies accep- ted. The “‘ Gentleman ’”’ changed his boarding-house right there and then. The name was given by the butler who marv- elled at the variety and expense of his menu. One day he bit me, and made a wonderful job of it, as the nail of the first finger soon came off and I had “‘ some ”’ sore hand with a nasty saw cut across it. Petting ceased, and remained so for some months. He had my goat and | was afraid to touch him. Six months elapsed when out of a clear sky I see a title flashed on the screen of a lady who tames birds and then by the movies she proves it. You can imagine my excitement when her subjects were shown to be Toucans. Naturally, the ‘Gentleman ’’ went boarding out. He is back now and I am the boss, but what a bump of curiosity he possesses. Every- thing must be picked and pulled with his powerful beak and his investigations are liable to be very complete. Diamond rings, taking the finger along too, are his speciality. Watch chains and buttons are substitutes. Girls having none are not on his list of acquaintances. They are not, and are all afraid; further- more, the ‘* Gentleman ’’ knows it and goes for them. While I am shaving he sits on the arm of the mirror; eats his breakfast at the table, oatmeal, bread in coffee, fruit and butter balls. These latter he loves, and to take them away, slippery as they are, is 22 My Pet T oucanette. “some ’’ job. Gum, jam, and candy he will not eat. All the rest, including snakes and mice, if you gave them,—yes! To be scratched is wonderful and the operation is assisted by throwing out all the feathers that a fellow may have the full effect on his skin. Purring accompanies same. When harsh he is voicing displeasure, watch out or get nipped. That is what he is now doing on the pencil. It should be his, but as I can’t see it that way my fingers get it. When scolded he departs to the far corner to sulk (for a few seconds only). Curiosity is the greatest treat. Open a drawer and he must see what 1s therein. Must also help (?) in the morning when food for the day is being prepared, when cleaning cages, changing water, investigate your shoe laces and eyes. In short, all and every- thing. A white Java Sparrow, sharing his room, 18ft. x 12ft. x 8ft., is not molested, though finger tame and petted, the ‘* Gentleman ’’ is apparently not jealous. Not so with a troupial in a rather large brass cage. The door was one day left open, and Troupial was rescued minus his scalp feathers and considerably mussed and hurt in the leg. He dislikes the butler and, I believe, the reason follows : — Eating lunch one day of hamburger steak, bread and butter, apple from pie, etc., we were longer than the others and the table was cleared, all except the water glasses. When the first of these started to go, so did the ‘‘ Gentleman,’’ and he got what he went after, the butler’s hand, gripping and shaking it like a dog. The water remained and the butler departed, whereupon his highness took sundry and copious draughts, just an any regular bird should do with his meals! This is the only way I can account for the dislike, as formerly the butler stood in better than I did. These dark nights upon returning home I hold my hand under the electric light which I turn on in the hall and call the boy. Out he comes and lights on the wing for a worm or grape and a talk. The bird show is the ** Gentleman’s ”’ delight. Everyone pats him and the more the better, but home the day after,—not A Reminiscence. 23 the usual if any attention, then let any one go near him! Some savage, and remains so for a week or more. Has anyone tried this with their toucans? I know three that do it, and probably it is a common trait. Breathe on the hind quarter, just under and at the tip of the wing and watch him stand on one foot, cock his head, swell up and open, and place across his back the wing you blow under. This posture is held for a long tine and only relaxed gradually to normai. Then do it again. Brother, it’s fine. Has anybody got a mate, and if so could she be gotten over? 44 = A Reminiscence. By Miss A. BRUCE. The appeals of our Editor for copy for our Magazine, and a wish to help, in however small a way, to lighten his burden in connection with it, have prompted me to write a few reminis- cences of a bird-friend of pre-war days. The bird in question, a EuropEAN Brr-Earer, was not my property, but belonged to our member, Lady Kathleen Pilking- ton. I was, however, privileged to have an intimate acquaint- ance with him during the whole of his life in her possession. A letter arrived one morning from Messrs. De Von, offering a European- Bee-Eater. This sounded attractive, an answer was sent, and in due time the Bee-Eater arrived. Our knowledge of their habits at that time was nil; however, tempting insect food was placed in a large flight cage, and there also was placed the Bee-Eater. On a perch he sat, looking lovely, chirruping in a friendly manner when anyone came near, but he never came down from the perch or touched the food. Mealworms were put in the cage, but in vain. After some hours of this we became agitated. At last his owner had an inspiration and offered hima mealworm ona quill. This was greedily taken and the situation saved. Tor the first week he was fed with the quill entirely; mealworms, wasp grubs and gentles were administered in this manner. After a week he 24 A Reminiscence. partially fed himself, but he never did so willingly, and if he knew anyone was in the room, insisted always on being fed, giving plaintive, helpless chirps and fluttering his wings in a way that plainly intimated he was starving in the midst of plenty. He never touched any insectivorous mixture, but would take gentles and wasp grubs. Tis favourite food was mealworms of which he ate prodigious quantities; he has taken as many as 30 at a time from the writer’s fingers; this was in pre-war times! He was never seen to drink or bathe, though he always looked neat and trim. He also never came down to the ground; they are not addicted to running or hopping, but he used to fly a good deal in his cage. His chief and most attractive characteristic was his extreme and confiding friendliness; he depended on his friends for all the necessities of his life, and showed a helpless- ness which was most endearing. If anyone came into the room he would call loudly for attention, coming to the bars of his cage for conversation and a mealworm, and was without a trace of nervousness. After the food difficulty was settled he seemed quite easy to keep, and was always in the best of health and plumage, passing through the winter without any special care. When Lady Kathleen had owned him for over a year he met with his death owing to the carelessness of the writer, who left his cage door open. This had been done before and he had never shown the slightest wish to leave his cage. On this occasion the room was empty, the window open, and he got into the garden. He was in the garden two days, during which time he had no food, as, on any attempt to fly, he was at once mobbed by a crowd of vociferous sparrows, and driven back into the trees. On the topmost branches he sat, calling loudly and plaintively for help from his agonised friends below, but too helpless to come down to them, or his cage, and safety. On the evening of the second day a gardener marked him down in a tree, climbed it and got him, but whether he had caught cold, it was a wet day, or whether the sparrows had injured him, was not known; he never recovered from the effects of his adventure, and died after about ten days, to the great regret of his many friends. +440 Editorial. 25 Editorial. The times we live in forbid anything more than “ holding on,’’ nevertheless that is no reason why the pages of our Jour- nal, be they many or few, should not surpass any that have preceded them, nor the work of the Foreign Bird Club be less efficient than in previous years. What we are able to do should at least be well done. But if the work of the year, however limited its scope, is to be efficient, all must do their part. There must not be thoughtless slackness in the payment of subscriptions and the remittance of arrears, as these are the only means of meeting our financial engagements. In like manner all must do their part in supplyiny copy, that our pages may be filled with varied and interesting matter—- remember that quite a fair proportion of the articles of the last volume were writen by those serving at the front, in the intervals of duty or during their short leaves—they are proud of the Journal and are looking to those of us, whose sphere of service is at home, safe from the dangers and horrors of the various fighting fronts, to ‘‘ carry on.”’ If our aviaries are only partly stocked and so called eventful episodes but few, let us see that we are thorough to secure and record the most complete data possible. There are many of us, who can recall from the near past, many interesting events that have not been recorded, many of which should prove of practical interest to their fellow members, and help to fill the gap of the dull months before the events of spring and summer are coming in. There is a question many of us would do well to consider. Are we living up to the motto on the title page of each volume ? “ By mutual confidence and mutual aid, “ Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.’’ Surely there is room for progress in this direction whatever “the times ’’ may be! Your officers have sought to establish a regular sale and exchange system among ourselves, and up to the present but little progress has been made. Why? The reasons we think 20%) Editorial. are Somewhat as follows :— The notices respecting such are read and probably approved of, then promptly forgotten! Perhaps some may consider the method chosen neither the best nor the most practical one, yet are too slack either to make any suggestion or point out wherein it falls short! Shall this dilatory state of things continue, or shall there be progress in this direction during the year? Details of a scheme of Sale and Exchange will be formulated in next issue. Aviculturists generally have failed to perpetuate species in their aviaries, except perhaps in the case of the Budgerigar, so as to place us independent of outside sources. One reason of this lies in the above—we have not availed ourselves of oppor- tunity, and there is no sale and exchange method running, save advertising perhaps in the moment of need, and then too often failing to get what we want. And it is the rank and file of mem- bers that are chiefly to blame for this—they have had the means but failed to use it! Your officers, however great their energy or interest, can accomplish nothing apart from the loyal co-operation of every member. In other words, there can be no live society, unless each member is doing his or her part. All who trouble to read the monthly issues of our Journal, must be aware that the income of the club from subscriptions is insufficient for its effective working, yet most feel the annual subscription is as high as it ought to be! Yet many hinder by being slack in remitting their subscriptions and thus needlessly increase the working expenses of the Club and add to the work of our officers. Another way of improving matters is to increase our membership--yet how few assist in doing this! A glance through the coloured pages of the last five vols. of Brrp Norrs should come as a shock to all, when they realise how few have taken part in this important aid to our progress. The same might be pointed out as to contributing articles and illustrations to our Journal, and similarly so as_ to every Editorial. 27 feature of the Club’s work—each monthly issue should be a reminder to each reader of all that has been written above—war times, pre-war times or post-war times, if all be left to your officers, our success can only be partial. If all take a part and unitedly co-operate the result will be a live society in every feat- ure of its work. Shall this be so? More space has been occupied than can well be spared by the above, but the matter is an important one—whatever ‘‘ the times ’’ and they are difficult enough, the outlook is most hope- ful for success—our chief difficulties are caused by members’ slackness! The failure of members to do their part must act, to a greater or lesser degree, unfavourably upon the society, and, we earnestly commend the above to the consideration of our members—-the future of the Club is what you make it, there can be no standing still, it will either be progressive or retrogressive. The year marks a new era in our history, for the present issue is the first number of Vol. I. of a fresh series (Series III.), and we trust that one and all will do their part, that it will sur- pass in general merit and practical interest any that have pre- ceded it. — CONGRATULATIONS, 2@ Lt. L. F. Lovell-Keays, who has been gazetted Captain. Capt. E. C. Sprawson, who has been awarded the Military Cross for distinguished service. SS Correspondence. A LONG-LIVED NIGHTINGALE. Sir,—At the request of our esteemed Editor, I am sending these few notes on my old nightingale, “‘ Brownie,’’ who, if he live till next May will have reached the age of ten years, nine of which he has spent’ with me. I obtained him in May, 1909, adult and a glorious songster. He has won many first and third prizes at the big shows; his last appearance was at the Horti- cultural Hall where he was first in a large class. Since then he has developed a stiff joint and no longer sings much; however, I hope to get him out again this next spring in a garden-aviary, where, for many years, people used to come and listen to him from the road outside the garden. He always spent the winter indoors; is extremely tame and perfect in feather; is fed on “‘ Life ”’ and insects; has a bath daily and a fly round the room, to which I attribute his keeping in such good health. I certainly advise anyone who wants a tame pet bird and a songster, to 28 Correspondence. try a nightingale, always supposing they have the leisure to look after -it themselves. Portmant Sq., December 16, 1917. GWENDOLEN BOURKE: / AVICULRURE, IN) THE UES sae Sir.—One of your far-away members wonders if a letter from “ over here ’’ would be welcomed by the Editor, now that so many of the older and experienced writers have sterner duties to attend to. Aviculture as practised in England does not exist in this country. We have no large private aviaries, nO magazines, and no shows to speak of. Some people keep a bird or two, generally a canary. Some more than that, but those having twenty or over can be numbered. This year our show is off. War material has to be shipped and express companies are not guaranteeing the arrival of poultry at the exhibition, so the birds, cats and cavies, which are exhibited at the same time and place are knocked out. Nevertheless, our little display each year produced three hundred birds on the shelves, many roller collections and flight cages for exhibition. Ribbons were awarded in each class and trophies for the best bird and other specials. Breeding as you can imagine is not a_ thriving industry, not kept largely or out of doors in natural surroundings, only Zebra, Mina, Javas, Grass Parakeets, Japanese Nuns and the like are brought up in the bird room. My own birds, sadly depleted now that the war has stopped importa- tions, live in cages 6ft. x 6ft. x 4ft. and somewhat similar measurements, having twigs, nesting boxes, coco-nut husks, and bathing water all the time. It was in the above cage, with forty birds therein, that a Yellow Grass Parrakeet was reared by papa, the shock of its birth having killed mamma. How he did it with Rosellas, Love Birds, Weavers, and other inquisitive species, and in stich a crowded “* tenement ”’ has always mystified me. The only help father received was to have all the other birds, principally Japanese Robins, brushed away from six mealworms which were given every morning. This was the only time that father was ever tame. He can’t be caught now without a net anda fight. January and February, with snow outside and cold, was the time it happened. The little Finches in another cage lay fresh eggs all the time, but no one sits on same and the next party builds a nest on top until the box is full; house-cleaning is practised by me. The English aviaries must be wonderful. The pictures and lists of breeding results tell the story. I hope to see them some day. The shove does not apply to the Zoological Parks, but even here all the cities I have visited including Canada, never had any of the smaller birds except New York. The display at the Bronx Park is complete and tastefully shown. My birds are always exhibited under, “*KENWOOD KOLLECTION.” New York City, Dec. 6, 1917. K. WOODWARD. mm Oe tie | Paes . MEMADR HE UL © i fi PARERAU RIF ILI) as i 7 r PY , yy “a - . ‘ F ww My. 7 ey Ny > F ‘ ‘ nN + ? . 6 ,; 7 5 i 4 oe . . eo vaecglt: Pas gee NY) et bugil ’ Y i y ve | 4 ; hy ‘ yy ’ Me ‘ { 4 J f Ve. | ; nd . + ‘ A ' ' Say < r i a oy , Sy! ‘ 1 oF 4 = « iL ’ a ‘ bs ; ; ‘ i , - Li — hate 7 # a {) j } 5 a7 tA \ t es | | 4 ’ ay ¢ iy Ma Le | ri uy p i F Te rol ity = on ; \ ae ‘ ° y ie Te we Ce i f 4 ue, t lie | f q A * 4 yi MM ' ° é A - f > “ ; - - . . 2 ‘ ' vs % - 5 ¥ q a } ‘ ‘ A » ‘. S t , : : s } ; i ‘ ' ' | . “ r q ‘ ay ’ 4 ‘ | r ¥ E j rm a t #4 - - a os ' hi 1 . . iy . ‘ 4, ' . ‘ ‘sTRurpaeg uses) “SULON GUld All rights reserved. FEBRUARY, IQTS. BIRD NOTES: —— THE —— JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Aviary Notes for 1917, By Maurice Amster, M.B., F.Z.S. It is only a sense of duty to the Journal, which again forces me to manufacture some copy in order to satisfy the Editor’s insatiable appetite. He has reminded me more than once that I have written nothing during the past year, but, as the Foreign Bird Club numbers some four-hundred members, a very forcible retort would be that I am not the only defaulter ; anyone can seid in notes of breeding successes and failures for the past season, and this is all | am capable of doing myself—having unfortunately no startling episode to narrate. I have now a much diminished stock of birds owing to the difficulty if replacing voids produced, both by deaths and parting with birds which have proved either disappointing or undesirable. My Orcuarp Fincues (Phrygilus fruticeti) again reared young this summer and the offspring, a true pair, have gone to Mr. Shore Baily. who will give them an excellent home and the very best possible chance of reproducing their kind. I have hitherto failed to mention that the male of this species under- goes an autumnal eclipse, and that he dons the black gorget in the spring—the pearl grey breast of the winter plumage is to me more attractive than the somewhat severe nuptial plumage. GREEN CARDINALS (Gubernatrix cristata) reared three young; one of them I found had a broken thigh, high up near the hip, an accident which probably happened shortly after it left the nest by getting hung up in a forked twig or the wire netting. When I noticed the injury the fracture had already united and was in a very bad position, the hind toe pointing for- wards, I refractured the thigh-bone and was able to place its 30 Aviary Notes for 1917. leg in the correct position, but although the bird was caged and not allowed a perch, my splints did not do their work, and ten days later, on their removal, the limb was as deformed as ever. I therefore replaced him in the aviary to see how he would get on; although he had been absent a fortnight altogether its parents and brethren at once recognised him and gathered in a circle about him, making no end of a fuss over the prodigal’: return; oddly enough they all went through the same antics spreading out their wings, raising their tails and bending back their heads, uttering at the same time a note I had never heard before; this only went on for a few minutes, and was put an end to by the young bird flying off to feed; a few days later I picked him up dead. These Cardinals are very nice birds and much the freest breeders of their group; the Black-cheeked Cardinal,* of which | once had a pair, are my favourites however, but difficult to pro- cure. This pair lived with me for four years in perfect health but without showing any signs of nesting. One day I picked up the hen dead and egg bound. Her mate at once began to mope and although I took every care of him he also was dead within a week. I used not to believe any bird capable of this, (certainly not a love-bird) but my opinion was a little shaken on this occa- sion, and | now think there is such a thing as a “* broken heart.” Five pairs of ZEBRA FINCHES (Taeniopygia castanotis ) in the next aviary to the Cardinals and Orchard Finches have hardly reared enough young to cover their seed bill. I believe they would do better in a more confined space with sav, two nest boxes of the same pattern, to each pair—with me they do nothing but build, lay a few eggs and build again, so that at the end of the season the boxes are full of successive layers of hay and eggs. ORANGE-HEADED GROUND THRUSHES (Geocichla ciirina) in the same aviary did their best but hatched no young—my old cock, now five years old, is mated to his grand-daughter. Three clutches of eggs were laid and incubated for the full time, but not a single egg was even fertile; | cannot think that this was due to consanguinity, but rather to the male bird being too old. In the aviary adjoining the Zebra Finches and Thrushes I have a mixed collection and several odd birds, for which I could * Paroaria nigrigenis. Aviary Notes for 1917. ai not obtain mates; it is my best and most sheltered aviary and in it | bred nothing at all. Amongst the inmates was a pair each of Himalayan Goldfinches, Himalayan Siskins, a Cock Hooded Siskin mated to a British hen Siskin, whom he frequently fed, and a hen Lesser Saffron Finch mated to a Common Saffron Finch; the latter finally turned out to be a very bright coloured hen, so I naturally bred no hybrids! In the fourth large aviary I have a collection of Parra- keets, who seem to hit it off fairly well except for an occasional squabble over the possession of a certain perch or nest box Cockateets (Calopsittacus novae-hollandiae) laid four clutches and reared eight young during the season. Rep-rumps (Psephotus haematonotus ) had their first lot of eggs destroyed, I think, by the Swainson Lorikeets, which I removed at once to a separate aviary. The hen then laid again but died in the box egg-bound with her second egg, and was only discovered owing to the cock’s excitement and frantic cries—-he was soon consoled by the introduction of a new hen, and between them they reared two young—both hens—late in the season. A pair of Peacn-racep Lovestrps (A gapornis roseicol- lis) now in my possession for four years have laid some hund- reds of fertile eggs, but have never done more than hatch an occasional chick, which was never reared beyond a day or two several young have been obtained by placing the eggs under Budgerigars, who hatch them out and feed the young perfectly for three weeks, after which they desert, presumably because they discover that they have been deceived and that their large offspring are not of their own species. The Lovebirds have then to be hand-reared and some become delightfully tame and intelligent in consequence. One of these hand-reared Lovebirds which we had for nearly a year was most attached to mv wife and would follow her about everywhere, and was never satisfied except when sitting on her hand or shoulder—he was less fond of me, but would come to me in my wife’s absence as a pis aller. In cold weather this bird was never happy unless he could burrow up my sleeve inside my waistcoat, or down the neck of my wife’s blouse, from which point of vantage he would occa- 32 Aviary Notes for 1917. sionally peep out. Whenever he had misbehaved himself by giving too hard a nip he would say “‘ Naughty Joey ’’ quite distinctly. Alas! one day he was forgotten for an hour or two in the garden, where he often spent the afternoon, and although he was searched for high and low no answering cry came when he was called, and we have never seen a trace of him since. No doubt a wandering cat carried him off. N.B. There must be no cats here this year. Of four BLACK-CHEEKED LOVEBIRDS (A gapornis nigrigen- is) two have always been invisible, apparently spending their time in a nest box on eggs; innumerable eggs have been laid, but so far all have been clear, and I am not certain that I even have one true pair. The Swatnson’s LortKeets (Trichoglossus novae-hollan- diae) above referred to came to me in November, 1916, and spent the winter in a cage indoors. Here they were the greatest source of amusement to me by reason of their very unbird-like behaviour; when in a playful mood they remind one very much of a couple of puppies romping; first they would descend to the cage bottom and roll about, one on the top of the other, biting each others’ legs, wing-butts and bills—the male frequently dragging the hen about, and all in perfect good humour; then one would hang suspended head down from a perch and the other, with feet and beak, would climb up and down him and the biting process would be repeated. Even after a long bout of these frolics not a single feather of the wonderfully perfect plumage would be ruffled. The nest box again was a very favy- ourite place for these scuffles, one of which was the cause, I think, of the breaking of two eggs laid last spring. The birds have since then moulted completely I believe, but never at any moment has the plumage been in anything but perfect condition, so the process must be very gradual. In March I turned them out with a few other Parrakeets, and al- though their outward behaviour was good enough I suspect them of sampling the eges of smaller and weaker birds; anyhow on suspicion I put them in a small aviary to themselves where they spent the spring, summer and autumn, sleeping at night Aviary Notes for 1917. 33 in a large nest box—their only shelter, the aviary being quite open except for a wooden fence on one side. On November 4th, when about to cage the birds for the winter. I found the hen sitting on two eggs; as their milk sop was frozen each morning I risked moving the birds indoors and did so at dead of night, moving the box with the two Lorikeets inside. While being carried in they made violent attempts to get out, but settled down quite quietly after I had attached the box to the cage which was to be their new home. Much to my disappointment both birds were off the eggs next day and made no attempt to sit—after all it was to be expected, and I felt sure they would lay again soon; in this I was not disappointed, for on December 12th the hen was sitting. On the 15th she was off and looking mopy. On inspecting the nest I found only one egg, so caught up the hen and found her egg-bound. She was forthwith well lubricated and put in a small cage close to an anthracite stove and | was more than pleased the following e morning to find an egg on the cage bottom and the hen looking quite herself. I at once replaced her in her breeding cage with her mate—there was much jubilation on his part and pairing at once took place. The egg I placed in the nest box with its fellow, but the birds’ equanimity had been upset and they did not sit. The egg is white and extremely globular in shape. I believe two to be the full clutch. I am hoping that they will make one more attempt and be successful this time. The compartment of the breeding cage below that ten- anted by the Swainson’s contains a pair of RED-COLLARED Lorikeets (7. rubritorques). These are sitting steadily, in fact I discovered them on eggs on the same day as the Swainson’s started their last attempt. I hope for the best and am prepared for the worst. These loriculi appear to have more difficulty than have other Australian Parrots in accommodating themselves to the change of seasons of another hemisphere. An exceptionally fine pair of Rosrttas (Platycercus eximius), which spent last winter in the Parrakeet aviary, soon began to make themselves unpleasant with the advance of spring and were therefore removed to a small aviary, oft. x 3ft. x 6ft. high. On May 5th the nest box contained three eggs, and on 34 Aviary Notes for 1917. inspecting the box again some time later I was surprised to tind ten eggs. The young hatched out on or about June 15th; cne egg was addled and nine young were fully reared. These left the nest from July 15th onward. In the meantime I had provided another nesting box, and on July 20th the hen was again sitting, this time on five eggs. The male parent took charge of all the young and aiso had to feed the sitting hen, so he had a pretty strenuous time for the first few days until the young began to be independent: of the second nest four eggs hatched out and two of the young were taken to hand-rear when about fully fledged—the remaining two were duly brought up by their parents. This small aviary was, for a time, very suggestive of a dealer’s stock cage containing as it did thirteen full-grown Ros- ellas. I soon parted with the young but have retained the breed ing pair. I would advise all who breed birds and parrots in particular to mark their adult birds with rings when first they arrive, or they may one fine day send off a valuable breeder by mistake. I make a practice of placing a copper ring on all cock birds and a galvanised iron one on the hens. If one has two pairs of one species it is easy to ring one pair on the left leg and the other on the right. As it was, I nearly sent off my breeding hen, thinking she was a youngster and only discovered my mis- take in the nick of time. My last note is ona pair of YucATAN BLUE AND BLACK PIEs (Cissolopha yucatanica) kindly lent me for the season by Mr. Guy Faulkner. A fuller account of their breeding episodes will appear in the Avicultural Magazine. These birds came to me in March and were turned out in mid-April. They laid four eggs in a bare wooden box in early June, and I had to provide them with a Thrush’s nest. The hen did not mind my interference and sat out her full period of six- teen days, when two chicks hatched out; these were reared tc the age of seventeen days without the slightest trouble, when, owing to the collapse of the nest, one chick got out of the nest and died of cold, the other was subsequently neglected by both parents, who had been most devoted up to then, and I had to take it to hand-rear as the only chance of saving its life. It was Whydahs. 35 so weak, however, when I started, that it never had a real chance and died a few days later. In August the hen went to nest again; this time I had provided a half coco-nut husk cemented into a small box, in which she laid five eggs. I was away at the time the young were due, but I believe that all the eggs hatched on this occasion. On my return I only found one dead chick some five days old, and the remains of the egg shells lying about the aviary; shortly after this the birds began to moult. They have since then been presented to the Zoological Society by their late owner and can be seen in the Small Birds’ House. They are of course very rare in Aviculture and extremely handsome birds, hardly as striking as the Occipital Blue Pie, and less attractive than the Blue- winged Magpie, whose chief charm lies in its diminutiveness; still they make very charming pets, are extraordinary interest- ing, and I would have given much to have had another chance of breeding them successfully next season. ne > a Whydahs. By Dr. E. Hopkinson. D.S.O. (Continued from page 18). For meaning of abbreviations used in this list vide page 186 last Vol. HEUGLIN’S FAN-TAILED WHYDAH. Urobrachya phoenicea. H.L. v. 413. Synonomy. Coliuspasser phoenicea. Heugl. 1856. Vidua phoenicea (Gray- 1870). Urobrachya phoenicea (Cab. 1882) & Cat. Pen- thetria phoenicea. (Reichenow. 1887). Urobrachya phoenicea media. Reichenow. 1904. U. axillaris (nec. Smith). Reichenbach. 1861. Vidua axillaris (Heugl. 1867). Penthetria axillaris (Heugl. 1870). P. (Urobrachya) axillaris (Fisch. 1884). Colius passer axillaris (Sh. 1888). U. traversti (nec Salvad). Flower. 1goo. REFERENCES. Singv. 64. Plate. 29. fig. 228. Sh. iv. 65. Rance. N.E. & Equatorial Africa (White Nile, south to Uhehe), 30 Whydahs. This is another red-shouldered species very like U. awil- laris, which as a cage-bird is hardly known, and of which but little is as yet on record as to its wild life. Van Someren in the Ibis for 1916 reports them as being common in Uganda and British East Africa, where they breed in the tall rank grass of the swamps. The nest he describes (p. 417) as being made of coarse grass lined with finer, and the eggs as greenish with brown and ash-coloured spots. Urobrachya nigronotata. Sharpe. 1899. H.L. v. 413. A sub-species or local race of U. axillaris, which, however, both Shelley and Reichenow do not consider a separate species, but to be the same as U. hildebrandti. Its habitat is Witu in British East Africa. (H.L.). ——_~>———_ TRAVERS’S FAN-TAILED WHYDAH. Urobrachya traversu. H.L. v. 413. Synonomy. Urobrachya travers. Salvad. 1888, & Cat. 226. & Sh. iv. 67. U. phoenicea traversi. (Reich. 1904). Rance. N. E. Africa (Abyssinia. Shoa). This species has the shoulder-patches more orange than scarlet, and thus is intermediate between the red-shouldered axillaris and phoenicea and the yellow-shouldered form of bocaget. —)- MECHOW’S FAN-TAILED WHYDAH. Urobrachya quanzae. H.L. v. 413. Synonomy. Urobrachya mechowi. Cab. 1881. & Sh. iv. 68. U. phoenicea quanzae. Hartert. 1903. Rance. W. Africa (Coanza River, Angola). This Angola race resembles the preceding in its orange shoulder-patches. Urobrachya media. Sharpe. 1902. H.L. v. 413. Rance. Equatorial Africa {W. Ankole). This race is included by Shelley in phoenicea. Of its Whydahs. 37 habits, as is the case with so many of the other species mentioned above, | find nothing on record. ——_—<>—_——_ BOCAGE’S FAN-TAILED WHYDAH. Urobrachya bocaget. H.L. v. 413. Synonomy. I Bocage’s Widow-bird. Orange-shouldered Whydah. Il Penthetria axillaris (nec Smith) Bocage. 1867. Urobrachya bocagii. Sharpe. 1871. & Cat. 226 & Sh. B. Afr. Penthetria bocagti (Boc. 1877-81). Coliuspasser bo:- agit (Sh. 1886). U. affinis. Cab. 1881. U. mechowi. Cab. 1881. Rance. Angola, Benguela, Mossamedes. REFERENCES. Sh. iv.'70. & (affinis) Plate. 30. fig. 2. Bead. 130) Butler. i. 192. In this species the shoulder-patch is a rich orange shaded with yellow, and in some specimens wholly yellow. Such a variety is that of the plate given by Shelley, who considers it a colour variety of U. avillaris caused by a life in captivity. Little or nothing is known of its wild life but it is occasionally imported as a cage-bird. Shelley writes (p. 63) that the bird he figures was one which died in the Berlin Aquarium and that ‘* there are “two similar specimens in the British Museum, both of which “were cage-birds, one in the Zoological Gardens, London, ‘“ and the other in the possession of the well-known avicultur- * ist, Mr. J. Abrahams.”’ eK THE COMBASOUS. These differ from the other Whydahs in their smaller size, in the absence of any red or yellow in the breeding plumage of the adult male, in their nesting sites (usually holes in roofs etc.) and in their eggs, white and not coloured as in the other genera. In their general habits, however, they resemble the rest. One species is among the commonest of the small West 38 Whydahs. African cage-birds and has been known from the earliest days of bird-keeping, but for all that there are but few records of any of the Combasous having been bred in confinement. Like the other Whydahs they are polygamists, and I have seen it some- where suggested that they may be parasitic also in their nesting habits, as is probably the case with the Pin-tailed Whydah. However that may be, I do not think it is so, as a rule, at any rate with H. chalybeata, the common Combasou of the Gambia, where I know them well. In the Hand List the genus is divided into 9 species, but some of them can hardly have a right to even sub-specific rank, for their differences in many cases merely depend on variations (often very slight) in the colour of the gloss on the black of the adult breeding plumage, at the best a doubtful and frequently variable characteristic. Shelley distinguishes two groups, a northern anda southern, the former (chalybeata and ultra- marina) having the wing and tail a much darker brown than the latter (amauropteryx and its neighbours). oe 9) The name ‘‘ Combasou originally used by Vieillot in 1805 in his ‘* Oiseaux Chanteurs.’ From his time to date it has been and is the generally used name for these birds. In Senegal and the Gambia the Joloff name for the bird (1.e. for the black cock) is ‘‘ Koumba-suban,’’ which as evidently the origin of Vieiliot’s name. The other common native name in the Gambia for the male is the Mandingo “‘Sanna Fintong,’’ which means “‘ Black Sam.’’ The hens and out of colour cocks have no special native name, being merely classed with all other plainly clad small birds, as “ little birds.”’ is an old one, having been ? The generic name, Hypochera, is spelt either with a dipthong “ 2 ”’ or a long ‘‘e.’’ The latter would appear to be the more correct, as derived from the Greek ‘‘ Chera, Chere,’’ (a widow = vidua) and also the earliest. Ces ees THE COMBASOU. Hypochera chalybeata. H.L. v. 437. Synonomy. if Le Combasou. VII, 1805. Whydahs. 39 Green Combasou. Shining Weaver-bird. *Glossy Finch. Latham. (?). *Glossy Black Bengaly. old book name. Ultramarine Finch, occasionally for any Combasou. Atlas Finch, an occasional old dealers’ name. II Fringilla chalybeata. Muller 1776. Amadina chalybeata. (Gray. 1870). Hvypochaera chalybeata (Sharpe. 1871). Hypoc- hera chalybeata. (Reichenow. 1904) and Sh. iv. 6. Fringilla nitens. Gm. 1788. Lo-xigilla mitens (Lesson. 1831). Amadina nitens (Sw. 1837). Hypochera nitens (Bp.1850) Hypochaera aenea. Hartl. 1854. and Cat. 309. REFERENCES. Butler. F.F. 274. Plate. d_9. Russ. 1. 1698, 190: Pl. 7. Cassell. 402. Pl. p. 385. (more like ultrama fing). Butleri. 186. Gedney. it. 71. Sw.i.99. Sh. iv. 6. Rance. West Africa (Senegambia). This is the common Combasou of ‘‘ commerce.’ The black or rather dark blue of the male is glossed with green. in the Gambia, as no doubt throughout their range, they are very common, haunting the neighbourhood of the villages in com- pany with Firefinches and Senegal Sparrows. Their nests are usually found in holes in the grass roofs or the mud walls of the native huts, but they sometimes breed in trees, for Mr. van Someren in a recent /bis (1916. p. 426) writes of a nest “in z ‘“ thick spray of the Cape lilac, about seven feet from the ‘ ground ”’ in which were three white eggs. As this note refers to British East Africa the range as given above for this species must be extended, for in the note the strong greenish sheen, the special characteristic of chaly- beata is mentioned, and therefore the possibility that the writer is referring to u/tramarina or some other species excluded. This eastward extension of the range of Senegambian birds is com- mon, for many of the birds found in the Gambia are absolutely identical with those from Abyssinia and other parts of East Africa, and throughout the southern Sudan, which links up the two regions, west and east. 40 The Endurance of Birds. The only British record of its breeding in captivity that I can find is of ‘‘ one young one reared by Cordon Bleus (Boyd) in B. N. 1914. p. 338. Abroad Russ states that it was first bred by Tittel, and that he and others have also been suc- cessful. In Gedney we have one of the usual cheerful general statements of which he is so fond, about “‘ nesting regularly in aviaries without artificial heat.’’ (To be Continued). | a The Endurance of Birds. By Wirstnyal AGH HZ. seembnGs Continued from page 290, Vol. vi, N.S. There has been a break of a full year between the last instalment and this, and, perhaps, it would have been better not to resume same under the circumstances, and I am only doing so by request. New members might do worse than purchase the volume, and thus be able to read from the beginning, and to read the present and following instalments more understandingly. DOVES AND PIGEONS. BAR-SHOULDERED DOVE (Geopelia humeralis): Rs longuemareus. *Bishop ” ” episcopus. 50 Birds of British Guiana. Sabre-wing Humming Bird *+ Redd'sh Humming Bird Jacobin (or white-naped) Humming sird (honey-eater) Kmerald 7 White-vented Pilgrim (beggar) Ultra-green Pilgrim *+Spotted-tailed __,, *Bright-tailed 39 {+Copper-tailed Dainty *Green-vented Wood-beauty Red-throated Sapphire Blue-chinned Sapphire *+Forked-tailed golden dwarf (Mt. Roraima) {Festive Fork-tail Wood-Nymph 7+Waterton’s Humming Bird *+Ear-tufted Humming Bird (Mt. Roraima) Shade bearer Dolphin Ear-tufted Huniming B‘rd Fiery-tailed Avocet 7 Violet-tailed Torch Huniming Bird Green-throated Torch Humming Bird 7Gold-shining Mosquito Humming = sird +Emerald Teresa Greentail +Graceful Wonder King Topaz 7 Yellow-breasted golden-glory Golden Long-ear Tuft-crested Coquette + Rocket-tailed Quoit Campylopterus largipennis. i hyperythrus. Forisuga mellivora. Agyrtria whitelyi. leucogaster. #0 viridissimda. as maculicauda. 58 nitidicauda. Saucerotte cupreicauda. Hylocharis viridwentris. 3 Sap pirina. Chlorestes coeruleus. Chlorostilbon subfurcatus. Thalurania furcata. watertont. Petasophora germana. a6 delphinae. Avocethela recurvirostris. Lampornis violicauda. 40 gramineus. Chrysolampis mosquitus. Psilomycter theresiae. Polytmus thaumantias. T opaza pella. Heliodoxa xanthogenys. Heliothrix aurita. Lophornis ornatus. Discura longicauda. SWIFTS. The resemblance of Swifts to Swallows is only superficial. Anatomically, the difference is fundamental, and Swifts have been finally placed in the same sub-order as Humming Birds. They are emphatically birds of the air, performing all their func- tions on the wing and never resting except to roost. Like Hum- ming Birds they have enormous keels bearing the powerful muscles that sustain them in their continual flight. Their feet, unlike all other birds, except a few Night-jars are generally pamprodactylous, that is, all four toes are in front, Birds of British Guiana. 51 and in some examples even the toes are feathered. Their colora- tion is generally sombre, blacks and browns with sometimes white chins, breasts, or rumps, and markings of rufous, being the prevailing tints. They range all over the world except in New Zealand and some other islands, and in snow-bound lati- tudes. Their tails are generally forked; and in flight they resemble a bent bow. Their note is a shrill scream uttered continuously. The Collocalia make their nests of secretions of their salivary glands and from them the Chinese concoct excel- lent soup! None of these species, however, belong to the New World. Others make their nests saucer-shape, of twigs, straw, feathers, etc., which they catch in the air as they fly, binding the material together with saliva, and selecting such sites as the face Ora clit, the open branch of atree, palm leaves, ect. The Panyptila makes a huge nest entirely composed of seeds, glued together with saliva. The eggs are dull white like those of Humming Birds. They are in all nine genera and a hundred species, of which twenty-five belong to the New World. Swir7s—(Colonial). Cypselidae. *+The Belted Swift Chaetura zonaris. kt ., White-banded Swift 6 albicincta. *+ ,, Spiny-tailed 5 6 Spiicauda. Se ext eN: ar (?) 5 poliura. *+ ,, Ash-vented FF is cinereiventris. *; 5, Grey-breasted ,, ‘3 guianensis. + ,, Ruddy - (?) Cypseloides rutilus. ey. Black “A 5 niger. », smoky se Me funmgatus. ,, Palm Swift (Scaly) Claudia squemata. Cayenne Swift (Downy) Panyptila cayennensis. SWALLOWS AND MARTINS. These birds belong to the Order Passeriformes and are placed next the Swifts in this collection for the sake of compari: son. Like Swifts they are cosmopolitan and their habits are generally the same, feeding on insects which they catch with open mouth. They will alight on the bare branches of trees and are sometimes seen on the ground collecting mud to build their nests which may be cup-shaped or like a retort with a tube for entrance. They often form colonies of nests and hunt in com- 52 Birds of British Guiana. panies. In colour they resemble Swifts: blue blacks, with puff, and under-parts generally white; there may be chestnut or red- dish markings. They twitter or warble, both on the wing and at rest. The eggs, from four to seven, are white in Martins, and white with red spots or purple markings in Swallows. Martins are generally smaller than Swallows and the colouring is not so bright. Many of them are white-rumped. Sand Mar- tins build their nests on the face of cliffs, digging holes in the soft clay or sand; the Purple Martin of N. America, in holes of trees. There are in all thirteen genera, including more than a hundred and thirteen species, of which twenty-six belong to the New World. SwaLtows & Martins.—(Colonial) Hirundinidae. White-vented Swallow (Quick- flyer) Tachycineta albiventris. Chimney S-vallew (red-vented) Hirundo erythrogaster. Chatybeate Swallow (iron-biue) Progne chalybea. Brown Swallow » tapera. 7 Elegant-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata. Ash-tliroated 5 ,, melanoleuca. *+Dark-blue bright 55 5, cyanoleuca. +Capned 5 », . pileata. +Porked A », fucata. Red-throated (scraper-winged) Stelgidopteryx ruficollis. we 5 uropygialis. (To be continued ). 44 Blue Budgerigars. From the ‘‘ Yorkslure Evening Post,’’ Feb. 1, 1918. A RARE BIRD FOR LEEDS MUSEUM. Mr. John W. Marsden, of Harrogate, the son of a former Mayor of Leeds, has presented to the Leeds Philosophical Hall a stuffed specimen of the rare tribe of birds known as the Blue Budgerigar, which is a variant of the common green parrakeet of Australia. Mr. Marsden has succeeded after many years in breeding the blue variety, and the one which he has presented to the Philosophical Hall recently died in his aviary. There are not more than a dozen specimens in the country. BIRD NOTES, AVIAN PRESS PROCESS= Madagascar Lovebirds. Mrs. A. M. Cook, F.Z.S., exhibited in the After a miuature by Royal Academy, 1916. All rights reserved. Marcu, 1918. BIRD NOTES: —— THE —— JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. My Madagascar Lovebirds. By Mrs. A. M. Cook, F.Z.S. I have heard Madagascar Lovebirds called ‘““bad-tempered little brutes ;’’ with my pair this description applied mostly to the hen, for the cock had little time to be bad-tempered or anything else with his constant attendance on his dame. As a reward for his devotion, he often received a gentle scratching of his poll first on one side and then on the other (vide plate). This was pretty enough to watch, and in such moments they seemed to be living up to their name. For the rest he was humbly at her beck and call, and though they did not actually quarrel and often sat together very lovingly absorbed in themselves, there was much yet wanting to set them up as a model of congugal felicity. She was petulant, exacting, and impatient with him as a spoiled child, and, like many spoiled people, sometimes spiteful. His daily duty seemed to be to answer his lady’s two sharp notes, to fetch seed for her and be hurried up over it, too, by her querulous calls. Then they would sit quaintly feed- ing each other backwards and forwards. Whatever pleasure he may have found in the performance must have been modified by the fear that his toes might be well nipped by his uncertain spouse. Nor did the night bring him relief from her exactions, for her two sharp notes were often heard, followed by the scrambling of the husband down the wires to the seed-box like any old shuffler in his slippers at the bidding of a testy wife, then the sound of feeding and a little song in the darkness, 54 My Madagascar Lovebird: Then, too, she was unsociable. I introduced a pair of sudgerigars into their very large cage. These innocents were for taking things as they found them, enjoying life in their own way, living and letting live, but my Lady Lovebird, however largely she relied upon her Lord for food, found sufficient energy to flounce the intruders from the seed box, and make life an unhappy and difficult business for them. Personally, I was treated with a superior indifference, never the slightest approach to friendliness and finally made myself her life-long enemy by helping her over a serious ‘‘ egg- bound ”’ crisis. Other people she continued to ignore, but for me she seemed to have a positive hatred, which she showed by re reating to the other end of the cage and scolding loudly when- ever I approached. —— By WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., Etc. A gapornis cana is quite an old pal of mine; off and on I have kept the species quite a period of years, though they have now been absent from my aviaries for some five or six years. My first experience with them was not a very happy one, but it was at a period when I was as “ green ”’ concerning for- eign birds, as the plumage of the species I am writing about. On arriving home with them they were turned into a “ double- breeder ’’ cage, where they seemed quite happy and contented, but dashed about wildly whenever the cage was cleaned and food supplies were put in, but, nevertheless, they did well, kept fit and in good plumage in spite of their wildness. I made them a nice large cage (they were kept indoors), about 2% feet square by 4 feet high, and felt very pleased with myself when all was complete. I then lifted down their cage, opened the door, and so ran them into their new home; they appeared terribly scared and dashed about wildly, so I hastily closed the door and left them to settle down. In about an hour’s time I went down to see how they liked their new quarters. Alas! for my hopes, both lay dead upon the bottom of the cage, excitement followed by cerebral hemorrhage! Thus ended the tragedy of my acquaintance with the species for several years. My Madagascar Lovebirds 55 The time came when I started keeping birds in outdoor aviaries, and again I visited the local dealer and returned home with pairs of Budgerigars, Red-headed, and Madagascar Love- birds—profiting by my previous experience I carried the travel- ling cages into the aviary, placed them on the ground with the wire fronts a few inches away from the back of the aviary, opened the doors and left them. A little later 1 went down to the aviary and found all three pairs hopping (jumping) and climbing about the branches. This yarn only concerns A. cana and I shall keep to my subject. This pair lived with me five years, and did not interfere with the other occupants unless their preserves were poached upon. They did nothing else, however, save look pretty, never even chose a nest receptacle, and when they died I was again without the species for a year or so. Later two more pairs (costing 3s. 6d. per pair) were put into the aviary, and though both pairs chose nest-boxes, and carried into them a huge amount of rubbish, I never found any eggs, then one of the hens died and the cock mated up with an odd Budgerigar, and one young hybrid was hatched out, and lived to leave the nest; the next day it unfortunately got into the bath (a large shallow vessel only containing an inch depth of water) and was drowned. A little later (late autumn) a cock and two hens came into my possession leaving me with three pairs— however, two deaths occurred during the winter and the follow- ing spring both pairs went to nest, and one of them successfully reared three strong young birds, later in the season a second brood of four left the nest, all successfully passing the moult, and on one or two occasions since a few young have been reared. The following points may be of interest: They cut up bark and leaves into strips, tucked them between the feathers of their wings and lower back, and flew to the nest—many pieces were dropped on the way to the nest box, but in the course of a week quite a large amount of such rubbish was so carried and arranged round the nest receptacle; the interi- or of same being completely lined with bark, leaves and feathers. The hen alone incubates, the cock fed her through the hole in the nest-box, She comes off for an airing of about ten 56 My Madagascar Lovebirds minutes (does not feed), possibly daily, certainly two or three times a week, and usually after a mild fly sits beside the cock just outside the nest and is fed by him. I cannot give the incubation period with any exactness, and I do not care to guess, but, from the time when they ceased to carry nesting material to the first day I heard the faint hissing noise of young in the nest was twenty-five days, and I must leave the matter there—they are very secretive and it is almost impossible to tell when the first egg is laid, when incubation begins, or exactly when the young are hatched. The young are fed by regurgitation, similar to Budgeri- ears. IT was able to pick out the cocks in the nestling plumage, as their heads were a mixture of greyish-green and green—they donned the fully mature plumage at the first moult. The plumage of these handsome but well-known birds does not call for description, but for the benefit of new beginners I may briefly say that the hen is all green, and the male ciffers in having the head and breast silvery-grey. It is a native of Madagascar, but has been introduced into other neighbouring islands, and is very common and numerous. Mr. J. Sibree in ‘“ A Naturalist in Madagascar,”’ writes of them as follows: “ Until taking this journey I had not seen in any number the pretty little “ parrakeet of which Madagascar possesses a peculiar species (Psittacula “* nadagascariensis ). But we noticed a large flock of these birds one day, and “their light green plumage, with whitish breasts and greyish-white heads, “render them rather conspicuous. They go in large flocks, often as many “as a hundred together, and sometimes do considerable damage to the “rice crops. The two sexes of this parrakeet show great affection for each “other, the pair sitting close together on their perch, from which habit 6s they are often called love-hirds.”’ I will only add in conclusion that this species makes a pleasing addition to the small parrakeet aviary, and that my pairs have always been associated with Budgerigars and Passer- ine Paroquets. There was no serious quarrelling, occasionally a little “‘ sparring ’’ occurred, but a tragedy from this cause never happened in my aviary. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 57 Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By Dr. E. Hopkinson. D.S.O., M.A., M.B. lor a good many years I have been noting down records of the different species of birds which have been bred in captiv- ity, taking as my starting point the list given in Russ’ great work on ‘‘ Cage-Birds ’’—Then in 1914 appeared Mr. Page’s ** Species which have reared young etc,’’ which at once supplied a much larger volume of material and a record right up to the date of publication. In this comprehensive work the writer gives two lists, (1) ‘‘ Species reared in Great Britain;’’ (2) ** Hy- brids reared in Great Britain ’’ and an Appendix containing lists of species and hybrids reared abroad (1 and it), and (iti) canary crosses. These I have taken as my basis here and on them en- deavoured to build up a record as complete as possible to date, (the end of 1916), and at the same time to supply what was necessarily missing in them, namely, references to the events recorded which could be verified or the reverse. Whenever I have been able, the references I give are to the original account, but as in many cases such are unknown to me, I have had to content myself with the next best, a quotation from some book or paper referring to the event in question. Where I could, too, | give the reference to the first success, but a record of these, as such, has not been my real object, for this is, as indicated by the title, to make a record of the birds which have reproduced themselves in captivity at some time or other without any necessary reference to the first occasion or first breeder, though these particulars are of interest and are inserted where known to the writer. The plan of the record is as follows: First comes the English name, (the one in most general use), and then the Latin one, that used in the British Museum Hand List. The first entry of the name is in most cases the letters ‘** WTP,’’ which denote that the record appears in Mr. Page’s book. Next comes a reference to the breeding of the species in Great Britain. This is succeeded by the foreign record, in most cases from Russ, but in these I cannot claim even the attempt at completeness aimed at in the British records. The 58 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity second part of each head deals with the hybrids on the same lines. When the species under consideration is the male parent, the reference is given, but the opposite case is also for easy reference entered under each head, the name of the female par- ent coming first preceded by the sign ‘* x,’’ and followed by the male parent’s name in brackets. The record proper will b: found under this last name. In too many cases it will be seen that the desired parti- culars in the references are lacking, but in such the record stands vouched by the fact of its inclusion in Mr. Page’s list or else- where, as indicated by the abbreviations, WIP, WTP. C., Russ etc., as the case may be. A certain number (few I hope) of extremely doubtful re- cords will be found included, e.g. that of the Lyre-bird x Fowl cross, but my object has been to give as complete a list as I could of all records and let them stand on their own merits. There the records are. Let their relative values be a question for others, not forgetting ‘‘ that there are more things in heaven and earth etc.’’ It should be remembered too, that some of the older writers were delightfully vague and euphemistic (or perhaps I should say optimistic) on this matter of breeding. Gedney’s frequent cheerful remarks (without any confirmatory details) that such and such a bird has been bred or breeds freely may be instanced. A few, too, of the Hybrid records will be found to refer to wild-bred specimens, I expect. ” I must note that one or two cases of incomplete success are included, but these are distinguished by inclusion in square brackets. HAWFINCH. Coccothraustes coccothraustes. W.T.P. ist Teschemaker, 1911. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (3) iii. 28. oo 6.—YELLOW-BELLIED GROSBEAK. Pieuticus chrysogaster. ist Brook. 1916. See A.M. 1917. 28 oe ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. Zamelodia ludoviciana. W.T.P. ist Astley. 1911. A.S. Medal. See A.M. 1911. 333, 370; Abroad: Germany. 1st breeder, Russ 7Russ. 1912. 40. — 8.—BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK. Z. melanocephala. W.T.P. 1st Teschemaker. 1912. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1912. 328. ns BLUE GROSBEAK. Cyanocompsa cyanea . W.T.P. tst Teschemaker. 1909. See B.N. 1909. 228. Abroad: ist Russ ~Russ. SRE aE 10.—WHITE-THROATED FINCH. Sporopiila albigularis. W.T.P, Bred by Farrar, 1905. fA.G.B. i. 144. Abroad: ist Franken 7 Russ. Hyeprips. WHITE- THROATED FINCH x GREY FINCH. Ist Suggitt. 1914. See B.N. 1915. 95. > 11.—GREY FINCH. S. grisea. W.T.P. ist Page. 1912. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1912. 338. Abroad: 1st Russ +Russ. Hysrips. x Grey Finch (White-throated Finch), 5. 7. 9. 62 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 12,—EULER’S FINCH. S. superciliaris. Abroad: tst Russ 7Russ. ——E BLACK-HEADED SEED-FINCH. S. melanocephala. Abroad: 1st Russ Russ. >. 14.—GUTTURAL FINCH. S. cutturalis. W.T.P. ist Page 1912. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1912. 338. ee 13. 15.—BLACK SEED-FINCH. Jelopyrrha nigra. Ist Shore Baily. 1915. See B.N. 1915. 219. <> 16.—OLIVE CUBA FINCH. Luethia olivacea. W.T.P. “ According to Mr. L. W. Hawkins (A.M. (i) vii. 30) was first bred in Scotland’ (A.G.B. i. 150). Also bred by Mr. Seth Smith, (A.G.B.) and elsewhere, I believe (2.H.). Abroad. tst Frenzel 7Russ. Hysrips. x Olive Cuba Finch (African Silverbill). Ploceidae. ——— 17.—LITTLE FINCH. EL. pusilla. 1st Phillipps. 1900. See A.M. vi. pp. 191. et seq. a 18.—CUBA FINCH. L. canora. W.T.P. ist Hawkins. 1900. A.S. Medal. See A.M. vii. 29. Abroad: 1st Russ 7Russ. ‘‘ Easily bred ’’ (Russ). —_<__ 19.—DUSKY FINCH. E. bicolor. ist Willford. 1910. See B.N. 1910. 231. a ee 20.—JACARINI FINCH. Volatinia jacavini. W.T.P. Ist Suggitt. 1910. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1910. 363. Abroad: 1st Hagenbeck +Russ. To be continued. “Apmg atous “AL 9d “SHLON GUld “suNnOK pue sA0Gd pesular-veussy The Endurance of Birds. 63 x“ The Endurance of Birds. By WEsLeEy T. PAGeE, F.Z.S., Etc. Continued from page 44. BRONZE-NECKED Dove (Zenaida auriculata). A handsome South American species, which is somewhat similar in appear- ance to the Aurita Dove (Z. aurita), but on a close inspection differs materially in certain plumatic markings. The principal body colouration is brownish-olive, whitish merging into white at ventral region; head vinous, crown grey, with a black spot behind each eye and a similar black spot below the ear coverts; sides of neck glistening violet, metallic brassy in certain lights. In 1898 I received two young birds of this species, which passed a fairly hard winter out of doors without apparent dis- comfort, but on assuming adult plumage proved to be two males and became so agressive towards the other doves in the aviary, that being unable to procure hens I parted with them, really having too many species of doves for my mixed collection and accommodation. However, I opine that a true pair would not have proved so troublesome, and I also think had there been any odd hens of a near species they would have mated and settled down. As it was, their aggressiveness towards the males of the other mated species prevented any chance of suc- cessful breeding, so I reluctantly had to let these handsome birds go, for lack of accommodation to house them separately, till able to find them mates. BRONZE-WINGED Dove (Phaps chalcoptera). This very fine dove is a largish species, being some 15 inches in length, i.e. from tip of beak to end of tail (measurements are taken from skins and often are a little in excess of the living bird, owing to stretching during the process of preservation), it is also stoutly built; nevertheless there is nothing clumsy about it either in form or movement. The body colouring is a mottled arrangement of ruddy brown; forehead rich buff; crown olive; facial streaks purple above the eye and white below; sides of neck slate grey; breast 64 The Endurance of Birds. soft purple; wings very beautiful, having four rows of glitter- ing metallic feathers, varying from greenish gold, fiery copper, to rich violet, according to the play of light. It ranges over Australia and Tasmania and favours sterile plains, feeding almost exclusively on grass seeds; it nests in the holes of trees at a low elevation, or on the horizontal branch of a tree, and often on the ground. Two white eggs form the clutch. It is very hardy and also a free breeder in captivity, and is very amiable with other species of doves as a rule—frequent nesting notes have appeared in our pages, and there is no need for me to enlarge thereupon. It has bred several times in my aviaries. HaLr-coLLtaRED TurtTLE Dove (Turtur semitorquatus ). This is an African species about 12 inches long, strongly built but of fine form. General body colour rich vinous, pinkish on the breast; forehead whitish-grey. A black collar edged with grey above and below passes round the hinder part of the neck. These are very variable in demeanour in captivity, some pairs being very bold and somewhat pugnacious; others very timid and shrink from the other occupants of the aviary however small, but will turn and fight stoutly if ‘“‘ cornered.’’ As a rule all the squabs hatched out are fully reared. I have found it quite hardy. Its food in captivity is small grain and seed. Barpary TurtLe Dove (T. risorius). This commonly kept and well known species does not call for comment. Its hardiness and readiness to breed are well known, and I will only add that I have found them useful as foster parents to hatch out and rear the young of the rarer species of doves and I have, except in the very ancient past, only kept them for that purpose. SENEGAL TurRTLE Dover (T. senegalensis). This dove has a distinctly pleasing appearance, and is quite as easy to domesti- cate about one’s garden and grounds as the preceding species. During the nesting season it is aggressive, but at other times, The Endurance of Birds. 65 if let alone, it is not quarrelsome. It is a free breeder, but like many other species one may possess several pairs before secur- ing what may be properly called, a ‘‘ breeding pair.”’ I have found it quite hardy. European TurtLte Dove (T. communis). This pleasing species will be well known to my readers as a summer visitor to the British Isles—it is very similar in its habits, etc., to T. risori- us, but is the better for being taken indoors during the winter months, though an unheated room is all the protection it needs. It nests annually in the garden next door to mine in a huge pear tree, but though my garden supplies exactly similar accommoda- tion I am unable to trace its ever having nested therein. On one occasion young have been reared in my aviary. It is given to dashing about rather wildly in captivity and, unless the aviary is a large one, is rather disturbing to the other inmates, but my pair were not pugnacious, even to other doves, unless attacked, when it was well able to ‘* hold its own.”’ Vrnaceous TurtLe Dove (T. vinaceus). A very pleas- ing species, which, however, did not breed with me, though I once had a true pair, but there were too many species of doves at that time in quite a moderate-sized aviary, and the Vinaceous made no attempt to nest. It is a native of Tropical N. Africa. Its popular name aptly describes its principal coloura- tion—the general vinaceous hue is washed with pinkish on the head and neck, the back and wings are browner and the latter variegated to some extent with black; there is a broad black collar on the back of the neck, narrowly edged with whitish-buff above; the greater part of the lower plumage is white. It has bred freely at the London Zoo and is a good species for a mixed aviary, but it is very seldom imported and I had no opportunity of replacing my pair when an unfortunate accident gave them their freedom. They flew right away! RED GROUND OR PARTRIDGE Dove (Geotrygon montana) A pretty species, which spends nearly its whole time upon the ground, though with me it has always nested at as high an eleva- 66 Endurance of Birds. tion as the aviary permitted. It is a hardy species, but in conse- quence of its spending most of its time upon the ground, it usually loses several toes during a severe winter from frost-bite, but this does not, according to my experience, interfere at all with its productiveness. Two young were reared in my aviary last season and young have been reared several times in previous years. Full details have been given in Brrp Notes by Mr. R. Suggitt and others, so that I need not recapitulate them here. They are quite inoffensive in a mixed aviary. Neckiace Dove (7. tigrinus). This species is found in Burma, Malay Peninsula and adjacent islands and the Moluccas. I have not succeeded in breeding this species, and my experience has been confined to a single pair and a single season. Dr. A. G. Butler has bred this species, and a pair in Miss R. Alderson’s aviary were very prolific. Both Miss Alderson and Mr. W. Shore Baily have reared very beautiful hybrids between this species and the Senegal (T. senegalensis ). It is quite hardy, but must not be allowed to nest during the winter months, or egg-binding usually results. Jamatcan Pea Dove (Zenaida amabilis ). Almost a replica of Z. aurita, and an eaually pleasing species, is very ready to nest, and a good portion of the squabs hatched out are usually reared without trouble. With me it proved quite hardy and inoffensive. Our member Dr. Thwaites imported a few some years ago and kindly presented me with a pair. He succeeded in breeding several broods, an account of which was published in this Journal. My pair also bred, as indicated above. I have only possessed the one pair; an accident accounted for the hen, and as I had no Aurita hen at the time and another Pea hen being upprocurable, I parted with the odd male—they are very seldom imported. - PtumED GrounpD Dove (Lophophaps leucogaster). 1 have had several pairs but they never got as far as eggs with me. Lord Poltimore and, I think, Mr. H. E. Bright have successfully bred them, but success with this species is not common. I found BIRD NOTES, Photo W. Shore Baily. Necklace Dove brooding Young. BIRD NOTES. Photo H, Wallford. Plumed Ground Dove. Photo H, Willford., Senegal Dove on Nest, Ouails. 67 them hardy and amiable, but in exceptionally severe winters they are better for being taken indoors, as, spending most of their time upon the ground, their feet get frost-bitten. Their upper mandible often gets overgrown. Mr. Payne, the Austra- lian trapper, told me this could be obviated by having a few stones put down in the aviary and scattering seed thereon and in picking same from out of interstices between the stones they kept their beaks to normal dimensions. VIOLET OR WHITE-WINGED Dove (Leptoptila jamaicen- sis). This species has not bred with me, but I have only had one pair, which never properly settled down, and, as the cock spent most of his time fighting the other doves in the aviary and inter- fering generally with nesting arrangements, I parted with them. Among others both Miss R. Alderson and Mr. H. E. Bright have bred this species; perhaps one or both of them will kindly describe the doings of their pairs. To be continued. —$440— — Quails. By W. SHoRE BAILY The Quail family is a very numerous one, and although these birds are found in almost every country in the world, the habits of the various species are very much alike. This makes them ideal aviary birds, as, once an aviculturist has had experi- ence in keeping any one kind, he can safely keep another species from perhaps a totally different part of the world. The food requirements of all Quails are very simple. They will, in an aviary of mixed birds, practically keep themselves on the seeds that fall from the feeding tables. When they have young, live ants’ eggs and mealworms area help, but they are not abso- lutely indispensable. America has sent us the largest numbe- of species so far. The United States has about a dozen species, and sub-species. Central and South America probably have 68 Ouails. more. Those that have found their way into our aviaries or to the London Zoo are : — Californian Lophortyx californica Black-throated Crested Eupsychortyx leucopogon White-cheeked Crested Eupsychortyx nigrogularis Scaled Calipepla squamata Douglas Lophortyx douglasi Virginian Colinus virginiensis Cuban Colinus cubanensis Mexican Black-breasted Colinus pectoralis Massena Cyrtonix montezuma Bahama Ortyx bahamensis Spotted Odontophorus guttatus Sonnini’s Crested Eupsychortyx sonnini Mvuntain Crested Oreortyx pictus CALIFORNIAN QuatL. This is by far the most common member of our aviaries and has been frequently bred. The hens are very prolific, often laying fifty or more eggs in a season The young in a normal year are generally reared without diff- culty, and, if they can get shelter from the wet, will stand our winter very well. They have been turned out in different parts of the country, but the experiment does not seem to have been a success. I don’t know when they were first introduced into England, but Mons. Pichot tells us in the February number of the Avicultural Magazine that they were first introduced into France in 1896, when six cocks and five hens fetched the extra- ordinary price of £112. The American ornithologists claim that there is a sub-species of this handsome variety, which they have named Lophortyx californica valli. I can only say that I have shot many hundreds of these birds both in the mountains, foot- hills, and valleys, and have not noticed any difference in them but of course this sub-species may only be found in the more arid parts of the country that I did not visit. Their ege¢s, which vary a good deal, are buffish white, either spotted or blotched with reddish brown. They are not quite so prolific in the wild state as they are in our aviaries, but I have found nests contain- ine’ as many as twenty eggs. BLACK-THROATED CRESTED QuaiL. A rare species from Central America. It appears to have nested in Miss Baker's aviaries in 1907—-B.N. Vol. VI, first series—seven eges were laid, but young were not reared and, very few particulars were Bind NovEs. per aes a Photo H. Willfe ard. Califonian Quail Ineubating. ‘yienG uvusiojyyey) x eyeuenbs priqApy AYIM alouy “A, 010Ud ‘SHLON GuIg Ouails. 69 published. The Zoo also had a pair in 1911, but apparently met with no success with them. WHITE-CHEEKED CRESTED QuatL. A very pretty South American species, which was first bred by Mr. Teschemaker in 1910, and a full account, with photos, was published in B.N., Vol. I., N.S. The following season one of Mr. Teschemaker’s young hens, mated with an imported cock, hatched thirteen young ones from as many eggs in one of my aviaries. Unfor- tunately they all perished in a heavy thunderstorm. A year or so later I received two young cocks, as a true pair of another variety from Fockelmann, since when I have not seen any advertised on the market. The eggs are pale buff, heavily biotched with a darker shade. ScaLeD PartripGe. This species was, I believe, first bred at the Zoo in 1913—B.N., Vol. 1V.—but I am not certain whether any young were fully reared. In 1905 a hen squamata hatched eleven chicks out of thirteen eggs in Mr. Trevor Bat- tye’s aviaries, but none of them lived over ten weeks, so they can hardly be said to have been fully reared. In 1912 the writer bred some very pretty hybrids from a cock bird of this species and a hen Californian, see B.N., Vol III, N.S. The following year I had a good troup of young ones from a pair of them, thus proving the fertility of these hybrids. Eggs creamy white or pale buff, thickly covered with reddish brow” spots and blotches. Habitat: Southern U.S.A. and Northern Mexico. Dovuctas Quart. This handsome bird was first bred at the Zoo in 1912, see Avicultural Magazine, Vol. III. It has, I believe, bred there again since, but I can find no record of its having been kept by any of our members. Habitat: Central America. VIRGINIAN QuatL. It was first bred in an aviary in this country as far back as 1830. Nine chicks were hatched from twelve eggs. They were all fully reared but did not survive the winter. The nest was described in a London paper at the time as being like that of a Wren’s witha hole in its side!!! I cannot trace their having been kept in any of our members’ aviaries of 70 Ouails. recent years. These birds have been frequently turned down by sportsmen in different parts of the country, but for some un- known reason they have never established themselves here, and I believe, the results have been exactly the same in France where similar experiments have been tried. In many parts of the U.S.A. the bird has now become scarce. Their eggs, from twelve to sixteen in number, are white. CuBan QuatL. This is a very closely allied species to the preceding. A young bird was reared by Mr. Astley under a Bantam hen in 1911—B.N., Vol. II., N.S. It appears to be more freely imported than C. virginianus, as I have had them offered to me by dealers on several occasions. Ege simila: to the last mentioned species. BLACK-BREASTED Mexican Quait. Another very similar species. Young were hatched at the Zoo in 1912—B.N., Vol. II. N.S.—in an incubator, but [ do not know if any were reared. Three were reared in my aviaries last year, a cock and two hens. A full account of this event was published in the Avicultural Magazine for February, also see B.N., Vol. VIII, N.S., page 21. The cock, acting in a similar way to the eastern hemipodes, hatched and reared the young without any assistance from the hen. I think this a rather interesting occurrence. Ten white eges were laid, some of which showed faint buff and ash-col- oured stains. MAsseENA Quart. Another species from the Southern U.S.A., and Northern Mexico, which differs very substantially from any of the auails already mentioned. It has a very much fuller and heavier crest, and this is not nearly so erectile as in other American species. The shape of its body is more that of the common English Ouail, being squat and dumpy. In Texas and Arizona it is called by the cowboys the Fool Partridge on account of its stupidity. I rather think that its heavy crest inter- feres with its sight, as it not infrequently allows itself to be knocked down by a stick or stone. I can find no record of its having been reared in this country, but in France Mons. Pichot hatched three under a Bantam hen, one of which lived to be two months old. He tells us inthe Avicultural Magazine, February, 1918, that he found this variety distinctly delicate, and this was BrIRD NOTES. Photo W. Shore Baily. Black-breasted Mexican Quail, cock incubating. The grass stem AD. crosses the shoulders of the sitting bird, Whydahs. a just my experience with the two pairs I have kept, which only lived a few months with me. They are, however, interesting birds and when peace comes I shall try and secure another pair. The eggs are white. BauaAma QuaiL. A very rarely imported species. It nested in Mr. J. Lewis Bonhote’s aviaries in 1909—A vicultural Magazine, Vol. I., series 3. No particulars were published, as no young birds were hatched. I can find no record of their having been brought into the country since. Sporrep Quai. Was first imported from the Campeachy Coast in 1913 by Mr. R. Suggitt, and a very interesting article upon them, with photos, was published in B.N., Vol. IV., N.S. These birds did not attempt to breed and, I think that it is doubt- ful whether they were a true pair. SONNINI’S CRESTED QuaiL. This species has been kept at the Zoo. It is closely allied to E. leucopogon, and is a South American bird. It has not, as far as I am aware, been bred in this country. Mountain CrESTED QuatL. This is a larger and hand- somer variety of the Californian Quail, and is found in the mountains of the Pacific slope. It is a very rare bird in this country, but Mr. Astley appears to have had a pair in 1900—- B.N., Vol. 1., N.S.—but did not succeed in getting them to breed. I am well acquainted with this bird in the wild state, where its habits are very similar to those of L. californica. The eggs are buff and unspotted. (To be concluded) —— Whydahs. By Dr. E. Hopxinson. D.S.O. (Continued from page 4o) For meaning of abbreviations used in this list vide page 186, last Vol. NIGERIAN COMBASOU. H»hochera nigeriae. Boyd Alex. 1908. H.L. v. 437. Rance, R. Gongola, Nigeria, 72 Whydahs. LAKE CHAD COMBASOU. H. neumanm. Boyd Alex. 1908. H.L. v. 437. Rance. C. Africa (Lake Chad). > RHODESIAN COMBASOU. H. codringtont. Neave. 1907. PLaTE. Neave. Mem. & Proc. Manch. Lit. & Phil. Soc. Fl LOO. Rance. N. E. Rhodesia. These three are local races of the Common Combasou, which have been recently described and separated. ee BROWN-WINGED COMBASOU. Hypochera amauropteryx. H.L. v. 437. Synonomy. I Steel-coloured Widow-finch. Steel Finch. II Hypochaera nitens (nec Gm). Kirk 1864. Amadina nitens (Layard. 1867). H. ultramarina (nec. Gm) Gurney. 1860. & ? Reichenbach. Simevogel. H. ultramarina orientalis (Reich. 1894). H. chalybeata (nec Mull.) Barratt. 1876. H. amauropteryx. Sharpe. Cat. xiii. 308. 1890. Hypochera amauropteryx. Sh. iv. 12. H. funerea amauroptera. (Stark. 1900). REFERENCES. Singv. 54. Plate. 22. B.S.A.i.154. Sh. iv. 12, Butler ja: 186. Rance. E. & S. Africa (Equatorial Africa to the Zam- besi). Damara Land to the Congo. This, the first of Shelley’s southern group, is disting- uished from the other Combasous with light brown wings ete., by the steel green gloss on the black. Whydahs. 73 ULTRAMARINE COMBASOU. Hypochera ultramarina, H.L. v. 437. Synonomy. I Outre-mer. Buffon. Ultramarine Finch. Latham. Il Fringilla ultramarina. Gm. 1788. Hypochaera ultramarina (Cab. 1850) & Cat. 309. Hypochera nitens ultrama- rina. (Hartl. 1883). REFERENCES. Cassell. Plate. p. 385 (more like this species than chalybeata). Butler. i. 186. Sh. iv. 8. Rance. N.E. Africa (Nubia to Upper White Nile). West Africa (Gold Coast to Nigeria). This is another northern dark-winged Combasou, which differs “‘ from H. chalybeata only in the gloss on the plumage “* of the males being violet shaded blue, with no green ”’ (Sh). In the A.M. for 1917. p.go. Mr. Allen Silver describes the beak as coral red. He writes that he and others had previously imagined they had possessed Ultramarine Combasous, “‘ but ‘“ they were only very fine common Combasous......exhibiting ‘“ bluish rather than greenish sheen on their black plumage. “* H. ultramarina stands well away and quite distinct from the ““commoner species in having a bright coral red bill and feet, ‘“‘ whereas the bill of the latter, as everyone knows, is silvery ‘““ white. My bird assumed absolutely rich black plumage ““ with the brightest of Prussian blue reflections.’’ The bird he writes of was one of those imported in 1914 as ‘‘ Long-tailed Combasous ”’ (lidua hypocherina). Mr. Silver says that none of those which lived grew long tails and thinks that all of them were Ultramarine Combasous and that red bills are the leading characteristics of this species of Hypochera. I think there must be some error here, for no recent description gives the bill of this or any other Combasou as red, though it was so described by some of the earlier writers. As Dr. Butler remarks, this error can have easily been made when the birds were in winter 74 Whydahs. plumage and mixed up with I’. serena or other red-billed Why- dah, such as hypocherina. Mr. Silver’s birds may after all have been the latter, which for some reason or another could not grow long tails. The information on this point given by the various authorities may be summarised as follows: Butler says that all examples of the three imported types agree in having pale creamy-yellowish or ivory-whitish bills, and applies the epithet ‘‘ horny white ”’ to that of chalybeata, but of this species Shelley, quoting Hartlaub, writes ‘* bill and legs reddish,’’ that is of the male; of the female, he quotes Butler’s description ** horny white.’ That ** reddish ’’ must be a mistake everyone who has kept combasous must agree. Of H. ultramarina Shelley says that it agrees with chaly- beata in all points except in the colour of the gloss, and quotes various differing descriptions of the colour of the bill; “* whitish horn ”’ (Jackson), “* pale coral ’’ (Lovat of a full-plumaged male from Abyssinia), ‘* pinkish White ’’ (Pease, also from Aybs- sinia), and ** pale flesh colour ’’ (Ragazzi, of a full-coloured male from Shoa). The last named says of two females shot at the same time, that the bills were red and the feet pale flesh colour (Sh. iv. 9). Stark describes the bill of funerea as ** white ’’ and that of amauropteryx as ‘* whitish;’’ Shelley quotes Barratt’s des- cription as ‘‘ dark pink ”’ for the latter, and says that Layard described it as *‘ red,’’ though according to Stark all the South African forms have the bill white and the feet red. It will be seen that there is considerable divergence of opinion on this point, particularly as regards the species we are now dealing with, but on the whole one is inclined to believe that the opinion that all Combasous have white bills is the cor- rect one, and that the red-billed examples must belong to the genus l’idua. However, one must not be too certain on this or any other point in aviculture. Of this species Mr. A. L. Butler of Khartoum writes that there he has seen them in full plumage from August to March, Whydahs. 75 and wonders if they change after once assuming the black plumage. Dr. Butler has found it not unusual for the common species (chalybeata) to retain the summer dress for several yeas in succession. In the Gambia too, one sees all-black Combasous (chalybeata) still in full colour long after the breeding season proper and when all the otner Whydahs and Weavers have been in undress for months. The only attempt at a record of the Ultramarine Comba- sou’s breeding in confinement is the note by Mr. Teschemaker on p. &9 of the A.M. for 1910, that he had been informed that AH .ultramarina had been bred in Germany. The more commonly imported chalybeata may however have been meant, and this is the more likely as the note is in the form of a list of Whydahs reported to have been bred in captivity, in which the name H. chalybeata does not appear, as it should in view of Russ’s record, unless it is the species meant by the name u/tramarina. a MOURNING COMBASOU. Hypochera funerea. H.L. v. 437. Synonomy. I * ? the Black Linnet (Edwards. 1764) + B.M. Cat. Black Widow-finch. II Fringila funerea. De Tarrag. 1847. Tiaris funerea (Gray. 1849) Hypochacra funerea (Sharpe. Cat. xiii. 310. 1890). Hy pochera funerea (Sh. 1896) & B. Afr. iv. Aypochera funerea purpurascens (nec Reich). Neumann. 1900. Fy pochaera ultramarina. Hartl. 1857 . Hy pochaera nitens. Hartert. 1886. REPERENCES. Shi.iwigom B.SA. i) 153. Rance. S.E. & E. Africa. Equatorial Africa (Victoria Nyanza). W. Africa (Nigeria). This species Shelley describes as ‘‘ similar to 7. ultra- marina, but differing in the quills and tail being of a paler brown and in having more white on the undersurface of the wing; no 76 Correspondence. greenish-blue gloss on the plumage.’’ From this it would seem to take a place midway between this author’s two groups Hypochera wiisont. Hartert. 1901. H.L. v. 438. Rance. W. Africa (Borgu, River Niger). A local race of the preceding, which is included in that by both Shelley and Reichenow. 2 os BLACK COMBASOUF Hypochera nigerrima, H.L. v. 438. Synonomy. I Purple Widow-finch. II Hy pochaera nigerrima. Sharpe. 1871. and Cat. 311. Hypochera funerea ngerrima (Stark. 1900). Hypochera purpurascens. Reich. 1896. REFERENCES. “Shigive 11. ~BESeAuaransae Rance. S. W.& E. Africa. (Angola and lower Congo to the Zambesi, N. to Lindi). The Black Combasou only differs from H. funerea in having a duller gloss on the black plumage of the male. With this we reach the end of the 40 odd species and sub- species in the British Museum Hand-List, and nothing is left to do but to add the word FINIS. +44 Correspondence. MEMBERS’ SALES AND EXCHANGES AND THE PERPETUATION OF SPECIES IN OUR AVIARIES. Str,—I consider Lord Tavistock’s scheme in our last issue an excellent one. It will be a great boon to many to get odd birds or pairs from an English aviary. If the Register is started please put me down as a breeder of : Rosella and Stanley Parrakeets; Conures; Bronze-wing, and Brush-Bronze-wing, Necklace, and Daimond Doves. W. SHORE BAILY, BIRD NOTES. AVIAN PRESS PROCESS. From life by Mrs. A. M. Cook, F.ZS. Diamond Finches. (Steganopleura guttata). All rights reserved. APRIL, 1918. BIRD NOTES: —— THE —— JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. The Diamond Finch. (Steganopleura guttata). By WEsLty T. PAGE, F.Z.S.; Ere. The Diamond Finch, Diamond Sparrow, or Spotted-sided Finch has been known to aviculture for many years, and has been fairly frequently bred. It is a very handsome species, the charming contrast of the greys, browns, black and whites of its plumage are intensified by the brilliant carmine-scarlet of the lower-back and upper tail-coverts, and crimson beak, but it will be better to give a brief description, which, with the aid of Mrs. Cook’s characteristic drawing, will enable even the tyro to recognise this charming species at sight. Description: The general colouring is grey-brown (mouse-colour); head grey; rump and upper tail-coverts fiery carmine; tail black; under-parts white, with a broad band of black across the chest; sides black, regularly spotted with white, beak crimson (the hen has the base of her upper mandible rose- pink); lores black; eyelids crimson; legs grey. Hazits: Inits wild state (I am quoting Gould and North) it is widely distributed, is very common in South Austra- lia and N.S. Wales; passes most of its time on the ground, and feeds on the seeds of various grasses. Gould states that the nest 1s frequently built among the sticks forming the under- surface of the nests of the smaller species of Eagles, and that, too, during the time the Eagle is incubating, both species hatch- ing and rearing their progeny in harmony; this he witnessed 78 The Diamond Finch. several times, and took the eggs of the Eagle and Finch at the same time. North states the species is numerous in N.S. Wales and Victoria, and that the nest is composed of dried wiry grasses, etc., of a spherical form with an elongated neck for ingress and egress; it is usua'ly placed low down in the thick foliage of a Syncarpia, Eucalyptus, or Angophora in N.S Wales. . The clutch is five or six white eggs, rather elongate in form and nearly equal in size at both ends. September and the three following months constitute the breeding season. In Captivity: I have always found them amiable in a mixed series, providing the aviary was not over-crowded: though in other aviaries I have seen pairs which were said to be meddlesome and interfering with the smaller species, and I have heard of others, but I certainly consider them safe for the mixed aviary, providing there is ample room for all. One writer at least gives them the reputation of being easy to breed; they are certainly ready enough to go to nest, but it is not the general experience for many young to be reared; some have found them quite disappointing, and could get no results from them, though the accommodation was good and natural. Personally, I have had a good few pairs one time and another, and have found some pairs very unsatisfactory and others just the reverse. The only thing to do is, that if a pair did not rear young by the end of the third season, they should be got rid of- - they might do quite well in another aviary, but such pairs ought not to be sold without the purchaser being informed as to their lack of inclination to go to nest. I have seen pairs which have been quite prolific, seen their progeny too, but I never possessed such a pair, though youny have been reared in my aviaries on more than one occasion. Their call note is very plaintive and uninspiring, but is not unpleasing as part of the avian choir. In the aviary thev are interesting and attractive, nearly always ‘‘ in the picture.” Their love dance is very grotesque and interesting—perched on a stem he pulls himself very erect, the neck being stretched, chest and abdomen puffed out, and with straw in beak, head depressed and mostly turned a little aside, he bobs up and down uttering all the while his queer, plaintive little song. He is very oe The Diamond Finch. 70 energetic in so showing himself off to his mate, and during the breeding season is quite an amusing and entertaining little fellow. Mostly they prefer an artificial nesting site, their choice usually falling upon a Hartz travelling case, when such is avail- able, almost filling same with grass bents, feathers, etc. On one occasion a nest was constructed in a bush in my aviary; true it was a sphere, but with so many of the ends of the grass stems, of which it was formed, extending out like quills, or drooping downwards, that, at first sight, it appeared almost shapeless externally, looking like a mere untidy mass of dry grass; the entrance was only slightly extended—the hen would seldom, 1f ever, allow the cock in the nest, or if he managed to dart in he was quickly hustled out again; so much of this went on that I feared there could be no result, but in spite of my fears three strong young birds eventually left the nest. The young weie reared mainly on seed (Canary, Indian and white millet) and green food, though the parent birds did capture a few flies and other insects in the aviary; owing to the presence of several Soft- bills it was very rarely they managed to secure a mealworm. Both sexes share the duties of incubation—period 12-13 days--young leave the nest when about a month old. In the nestling plumage the underparts are greyish white, sides darb grey and without any spots; upper parts lightish brown, with a patch of red onthe rump. The passing to full colour is gradual; spots first appear on the sides, the black band across the chest and along the sides begins to appear, and the underparts slowly become more white, and the red on the rump becomes more in- tense; red begins to appear at the base of the mandibles, and gradually the full rich colour of the adult bird is reached. Its brilliant and pleasing appearance, interesting and attractive demeanour, though there are periods of listlessness, quaint love dance, and other alluring attributes certainly con- stitute them most desirable inmates for the mixed aviary. ena aataeee 80 Ouails. Quails. By W. SHore BAItLy. (Concluded from page 71). The Asiatic Quails are very much unlike their American cousins, being much smaller and having no crests. There appears to be about a score of species and sub-species, of which the larger number belong to the family of Hemipodes, which are really not true quails. Those that have been imported are : — Rock Bush Perdicula argoondah. Jungle Bush P. asiatica. Chinese Painted Excalfactoria chinensis. Rain Coturnix coromandelica. Greater Button Turnix tanki. Little Button L. dussumieri. Bustard T. pugnax Black-throated Bustard T. taigour The Rock BusH Quatr, a pretty little Indian bird, was first bred by Mr. Teschemaker in 1910; see B.N. (N.S.) Vol. 1 for a very interesting illustrated article. Some years ago they nested with me late in the autumn, but the male bird destroyed the eggs. I kept these birds in the same aviary as a pair of Painted OQuails. Thev agreed very well for a time, roosting together in a kind of hollow square, and looking very pretty with their four little heads all pointed outwards in different directions, but when the breeding season came along there were great fights amongst them, the hens being quite as pugnacious as the cocks, so | had to remove the Chinese to save them from being ‘““ strafed.’’ Their eggs, generally four or five in number, are buff. The JuncLE BusH Qualt, a very closely allied species, is not easily differentiated at the first glance. It also comes from India, but is found in a less rocky part of the country. It was, I believe, first bred by our Editor in 1914, but no account of its breeding seems to have been published. I have a cock and two hens. In the middle of last June I found one of the hens sitting upon five eggs. The curious thing about these eggs was that they were spotted with red, whereas their normal colour is white. However, this variation did not interfere with their hatching BIRD NOTES. Photo W. Shore Baily. Nest of Jungle Bush Quail. Photo W. Shore Baily. Jungle Bush Quail. Ouails. 81 as five little chicks, about the size of Bumble-bees, left the nest. Thinking that the cock and second hen might interfere with them, I removed these to another aviary, but I think that this was a mistake. The little ones did very well for a few weeks, when they began to die off, the last one living until two months old, at which time it was fully fledged, although not nearly as big as its mother. I was very busy with war work at this time, and I fancy that their dietary was neglected, or they would have been fully reared. The most noticeable feature of the young quails was their buff eyebrow streak, which was very marked at the time of birth. Late in October the hen again went to nest, and this time brought off four chicks from five eggs. These did better than the others for a time and I thought that I was going to rear them. The cock and second hen each took charge of a chick and brooded it day and night. However, some very heavy frosts, late in December, proved too much for them and they all died. They are pretty little birds and quite worth breeding. The Cuinese PAInteD Quatt has been bred in very many aviaries, and I do not know to whom the honour of first breeding it belongs*. It is, I think, quite the prettiest of all the little quails, and, as it becomes engagingly tame, it makes a nice pet. The hens are extraordinarily prolific in captivity, laying as many asa hundred eggs ina season. The young ones grow very fast, and, at five weeks old the cocks are in full colour and paving atten- tions to the hens. Their eggs are buff or pale drab, speckled with brown. Hybrids have been bred between them and Rain Quail. A very closely allied bird is found in Australia (E. lineata) and this was bred by Mr. Seth Smithin 1900. Africa also boasts of a member of the family (E. adamsoni), but it is doubtful whether either of these are true species. Needless to say, they will inter- breed quite freely. The Ratn Quai is another Indian species and one that is rather more freely imported than some of its congeners. It was bred by Mr. L. M. Seth Smith in 1903: Avicultural Mag- sine, Vol. 1, N. S., and was also bred in the same year by Mr. G. C. Swailes. It has also nested, not infrequently, in some of our other members’ aviaries. This bird is a rather small edition of the Common Quail, and does not weigh more than two * E.G.B. Meade-Waldo, 1808, vide Avic, Mag., Vol, V., page 1.—Ed, 82 Ouails. ounces. It owes its name to the fact that it migrates at the com- mencement, in India, of the rainy season, although it is found in some parts of that country all the year round. Its eggs, from eight to nine in number, are smaller than those of C. communis, and are very varied in colour, but this is usually buff or whitish, blotched or speckled with black, olive or purplish spots. The GREATER BuTTON QuaiL was first bred by Mr. D. Seth Smith in 1903, and a very full account, with an excellent coloured plate appeared in the Avicultural Magazine, Vol 1, N.S. These little Hemipodes are quite the most interesting of the quail family. With them the position of the sexes is reversed. The hens are altogether larger and handsomer than the cocks, which poor hen-pecked creatures have to do the whole of the incubating and family raising. The hen in the meantime wanders off and looks for another husband, and when she has found him lays him a clutch of four or five eggs and then starts husband hunting again, and so on ad infinitum. Another curious habit noticed by Mr. Seth Smith was the way in which the hen calls the cock, when she has found a tit-bit. Of her young ones she takes no notice, unless it is to kill off a troop when she feels in an evil temper. The eggs are creamy-white, speckled with buff or grey spots. The incubation period is very short, being about half the time of the little Painted Quails. The young are in adult plumage in about seven weeks. The LitrLte Burron Quatz, by far the smallest member of the family, appears not to have bred in this country, although in at least one instance eggs have been laid in a cage. Very few have found their way into our aviaries, but I do not think that it would be difficult to breed them. The Zoo have had them on two or three occasions. Their four or five dirty white eggs are thickly peppered with brown. The Bustarp QuaiL. This, the commonest of the Indian hemipodes, is somewhat smaller than the Common Quail and like the latter, is a great fighter. I have not heard of its having attempted to breed here. I saw some very tame specimens at the Zoo in, I think, 1913. The eggs, usually four in number, are large for the size of the bird, and glossy white, peppered all over with brown and blotched at the larger end. Ouails. 83 The BLack-THROATED BustaRp QuatL was kept by Mr. Seth Smith in 1903, but did not attempt to breed with him. The Zoo have also had it. This is another bird well worth a place in our aviaries, and one with which to win a breeding medal, too. The Quails of Australia number about fourteen species and sub-species, of which six belong to the Turnicidae. Of these only three species, as far as I have been able to ascertain, hav» reached this country, and all have been bred by that most suc- cessful of aviculturists, Mr. David Seth Smith. The Swamp QuaiL (Synoecus australis) was bred in 1905: see Avicultural Magazine, Vol 3, N.S. According to Gould four sub-species are foun din various parts of the Austra- lian continent, and they differ very little from each other. It isa free breeder in captivity, but does not very often come over. Its eggs are dull creamy-white, sometimes without markings, and somtimes minutely freckled all over with buff . The Srussire Quait (Coturnix pectoralis) very closely resembles C. communis, and its habits are exactly similar. It was bred in 1906—Avicultural Magazine, Vol. iv, N.S. Its eggs are indistinguishable from those of our common bird. The VarieGatEeD BustarD QuaiL (Turnix varia) is an interesting bird, whose habits are practically identical with those of the Indian Turnicidae already described. It was bred in 1905— Avicultural Magazine, Vol. 3, N.S. Its eggs, four in number, are glossy white, spotted and blotched, especially at the larger end, with slatey-blue, and speckled all over with minute specks of brown. Africa is the least favoured of the continents, outside of our own, as far as the family of quails is concerned. It posses- Ses three members of the Turnicidac, including the European species Turnix sylvatica, and four of the true quails including Coturnix communis. Of these only three seem to have been imported of recent years. These are: — The Cape Coturnix africana The Harlequin C. delegorguei. The Painted Excalfactoria adamsoni, 84 The Birds of British Guiana. The Cape Quatt has been kept at the Zoo, and I think that one or two of our members have also had it, but it is so much like our English bird as not to be worth importing. I can find no record of its having bred in captivity, but it is very likely to have done so. Its eggs, from six to twelve in number, are yel- lowish-brown, spotted and blotched with darker brown. The HarLeguin Quait was, I believe, first bred by Mr. Wormald in 1908—B.N., Vol. 7. It is a rather freely imported species, and has been bred on several occasions by different mem- bers of our Society. Its eggs are buff or stone colour, heavily blotched and spotted with brown. They number from six.to eight in a clutch. The PatntepD Quatt is found in West Africa, and has been not infrequently imported. As it would probably be sold by the dealers as the Chinese Painted Quail, it is quite likely te have been bred under this name. The difference between this bird and E. chiniensis is apparently very slight. 44. —— Birds of British Guiana. By Cuas. Dawson, S.J., M.A. (Oxon). (Continued from page 52) CHATTERERS. These are forest birds, feeding upon berries and _ seeds, with insects and even lizards. They are all peculiar to the Neo- Tropical regions and include some of the most gorgeously coloured birds in the world; such as the Crimson Cotinga, the Fire-Bird, the Pompadour Cotinga, the Purple-throated Chat- terer, etc.; and some of the most remarkable: as the Cock-of- the-Rock, Umbrella Bird, and the Campanero or Bell-Bird. They vary in size, the Bald Cotinga being as large as a crow and like it in appearance, others as small as a Sparrow. The Cock- of-the-Rock has the habit of displaying himself before the females after the manner of Galliformes, The Campanero, which lives in the tops of high trees, utters a double note, resem- bling the striking of a hammer upon an anvil, which may be heard for three miles. It has a hollow coruncle in its bill which it will inflate with air and erect for several inches; but this has nothing to do with its bell-like note. The Umbrella-Bird is The Birds of British Guiana. 85 black and has a permament crest as described: the Green-heart Bird utters a triple ringing note that resounds through the forest. Some of the Cotinga have bare orbits or patches. There are some thirty genera including a hundred and sixty species. Little is known of their habits. The Cock-of-the-Rock makes its nest of stick and mud on some projections of rock within a cave and therein lays two eggs of buff, spotted with red and purple; others build in trees. CHATTERERS. Black-headed Cotinga *+Spy ” Rosy-throated *+Grey-throated green-backed Broad-billed Cotinga *White-vented i 7Ash-coloured » +Black 33 + Dark-coloured As Greenheart-Bird (shy-bird) *Wreathed Cotinga Grey Cotinga (flute playing, red- dish) *+Dusky Cotinga *+ Foul i Yellow-back Cotinga *+ Ash-breasted es Rufous a Fire Bird Cock-of-the-Rock Coral-billed Purple-breasted Cotinga Purple-throated ni (bush-lover) Pompadore 6 *+ White-white 4 (rusty- sided) Manakin Ap Small dusky + Crimson 5 Crimson-throated _,, Crimson-breasted *+Umbrella-bird * Bald Cotinga or Quow Blue-necked Cotinga (naked- throated) Bell Bird (hollow-beaked) Spotted hollow-beak (Colonial).—Cotingidae. Tityra cayana. 5, imqguisitor. Platypsaris minor. Pachyrhamphus griseigularis. A surimamus. oH cinereus. if niger. % atricapillus. Lathria cinerea. streptophora. Aulia hypopyrrha. Lipaugus simplex. ImmMuUnUs. Attila uropygialis. », Spodiostethus. », thamnophiloides. Phoentcocercus carnifex. Rupicola rupicola. Pipreola whitelyi. Cotinga cotinga. cayana, Xipholena pompadora. Todopleura leucopygia. Ae pipra. fusca. Haematoderus militaris Querula cruenta. Pyroderus oronocensis. Cephalopterus ornatus. Calvifrons calvus. Gymnoderus foetidus. Chasmorhynchus niveus. ” varie gatus, 86 The Birds of British Guiana. MANAKINS. These birds, closely allied to Contingidac, are little like them in outward appearance; they are all small birds, said to have the habits of the English Tit-mice. All belong to Neo- Tropical regions, numbering nineteen genera and some eighty species. Many of them have brilliant patches of colour; Pipra aureola, for instance, has a flaring red head, which, when the crest is erected, looks like a flaming torch; others have golden heads or yellow. They live among trees or shrubs and feed on fruit, berries, seeds and also insects. Their note may be loud or whistling; one species at least, (Chiroxiphia linearis) has the credit of displaying itself, and another of the same genus (caud- ata) of holding a concert, all listening while one sings. The females are generally dull green, or some other sombre hue. They make shallow nests of grass and tendrils which they hang from the forks of trees or shrubs, and lay eggs, yellowish or reddish white, mottled or blotched with darker colour. Manakins. (Colonial).—Pipridae. 7 Yellow Manakin Piprites chlorion. Green i . uniforms. Black 5 Nenopipo atronitens. Crested os Ceratopipra cornuta. Scarlet-crested Manakin (?) Af iracunda. Scarlet-headed a Pipra aureola. Golden-headed * » auricapilla. White-capped 5 5, leucocilla. Crested Ps .. comata. Blue-rumped = sn RENO ILE. Tricolour & black ,, ,, suavissina. +Spotted 0 » gutturalis. +Short-tailed ¥ (?) ., brachyura. *Cinnamon 99 Neopipo cinnamomea. Blue-backed, red-capped Chiroxiphia parcola. 9 caudata. Black and White Manakin Manacus manacus. +Dusky Manakin (Heteropelma) Scotothorus wallacei. Earth-brown Manakin % amazonum. Yellow-crested ,, an igniceps. Great 2 (?) Schiffornis major. Yellow-headed __,, (?) FHeterocercus flavivertex. Gold-fronted a Neopelma aurifrons, To be continued. Miscellaneous Experiences of Outdoor Aviculture. 87 Miscellaneous Experiences of Outdoor Aviculture. By WeEsLEy T. Pace, F.Z.S., ETC. The following rambling notes were written many years ago, but have not appeared in Birp Norers, and, as there is an enquiry for some notes on the more freely imported species I am inserting this paper, almost as originally written, simply deleting such items as later experience has proved erroneous, and adding one or two short sentences to bring other parts into line with latest data. The dates given herein, unless other- wise specified, all refer to the year 1901. A dream of my early days used to be a series of aviaries, each one to contain a single breeding pair, but this experience has proved to be a fallacy, and the best results, with me, have been in the general mixed aviary (not overcrowded), where a certain amount of contention goes on for nesting sites, special foods, ete., which comes nearer to their wild life than does absolute peace and plenty and isolation in separate aviaries. It must be clearly understood, however, that I am not advocating the in- clusion of such pairs as would cause the weak and inoffensive to go about in fear of their lives and uitiniately to succumb to continuous harrying. ““ Can much be done with only one aviary’’ ? is a question frequently asked. I answer most decidedly ‘‘Yes.’’ But in the first place the aviculturist must decide as to the course he intends to pursue. If breeding is to be his paramount aim, then he must content himself with small numbers and variety; say six or at most Seven pairs of birds, in an aviary of say 20ft. long, 3 to 4 ft. wide, and 6 to &ft. high. But even thus, the young must be disposed of as they assume adult plumage—or a second aviary of equal size, kept merely as a flight, erected for their accommo- dation—otherwise they will upset their parents’ breeding arrangements, in fact almost nullify them. On the other hand, if the aviculturist decides on number and variety; then he can have in the same space 50 or 60 birds. But while he will gather a lot of useful general information, his breeding experiences will be few and far between, though under such conditions, during the early years of my avicultural experience, I successfully reared numbers of Zebra and Ribbon Finches, Java Sparrows, Cockateels, and similar common stuff, with interest and pleasure, if not profit; but that is a minor matter with the earnest aviculturist; he is athirst for knowledge and counts not the cost of anything within his means, 88 Miscellaneous Experiences of Outdoor Aviculture Now as to variety, what may we keep together? What I am about to say, | am afraid many of our members will consider very unorthodox, if not rank heresy; be that as it may, I am simply stating what I have done, and to some extent am still doing. If others will adopt the same precautions, they will suc- ceed in the same, and possibly greater measure. Now for the birds | have kept, and still keep together in the same enclosure. Waxbills in variety including the small; (Sporaeginthus subflavus) a fairly representative series of Mannikins, Grass finches, Grey Java Sparrows, a few Buntings, and a pair of Cockateels. Methods of procedure: Do not get some of all the above, and loose them into your aviary straightway; this would simply invite disaster. Get first some Waxbills, and let them have the aviary to themselves for a month; by that time they will know their way about and take care of themselves. Next introduce a pair or two of Grassfinches, watching carefully those of larger size till their demeanour is ascertained. Mannikins may follow; these are generally quite harm- less, excepting the Magpie Mannikin (Amauresthes fringil- loides ) which had better be left out, unless the enclosure be very large, for although he seldom does much harm, in the event of a quarrel a blow from his powerful beak would be fatal, even to a bird fully his own size. Saffron Finches must be introduced with caution, care- fully watched, and at once removed if they become at all combative; and only one pair must be kept. But in spite of the evil reputation they enjoy, I had a very amiable pair for several years, which never did any mischief. The same care must be exercised as to Weavers, and, as they scarcely ever attempt to breed*, though they build numbers of their interesting and cleverly woven nests, it is well to limit the supply to one or two cocks, for instance Orange, Madagas- car and Red-billed varieties. * In a roomy natural aviary, not overcrowded, Weavers and Whydahs have in many instances successfully reproduced their kind, Miscellaneous Experiences of Outdoor Aviculture. 89 The Cockateels should be introduced the second year, then they seldom do any mischief; mine have never done any. Green Singing Finches and Pekin Robins are inveterate eve eaters, unless the aviary be very large; otherwise they are handsome and charming birds. Now I can almost hear someone saying, What about tragedies! ! Well I have never had any; not a single death which I could attribute to violence, excepting when I first turned the Cockateels in. No sooner had the larger finches got over the scare caused by the introduction of large birds into their midst, than they set to work to mob them, and a Saffron and Greenfinch were mortally wounded in the scrimmage. The next day there was a declaration of peace, which has not been broken since, though three years have run their course. Favourites: Well I suppose we ought not to have any, as aviculturists; however this may be, there are some that by their artless and confiiding ways insinuate themselves into a first place in our affections. At the head of these, with me, stand the beautiful little Zebra Waxbills, with their taking ways, funny little love dance, fearless, happy and confiding demeanour under all circumstances, coupled with their extreme hardiness and longevity. These qualities give them the first place with me. Silverbills: These are very pretty and entertaining birds, of quiet dainty appearance, having a soft, sweet running sort of song, quaint, ridiculous (from our standpoint) courting of the male, whilst their trustful and confiding demeanour cause them, I think, to win their way with all. I have been surprised to find these described as exclusive seed eaters, and as never, or scarcely ever, touching green-food Mine certainly eat mealworms, gentles and ants’ cocoons, and uso visit the soft food saucer, picking out some dainty tit-bit They also regularly eat a little greenfood, and eagerly search it over for aphides, of which they appear to be very fond. This causes me to infer that, in common with all finches, they largely rear their young on insect food. While, speaking in general, Waxbills, for obvious reasons, most readily win their way with us, I must confess to 90 Miscellaneous Experiences of Outdoor Aviculture. a strong liking (some will pe: naps think it depraved) for Munias. In a fair-sized aviary I find them quite active, entertaining, and full of interest with their quaint ways. The impudent, cheeky, self-assertive plebeian little Zebra Finch, so active in blowing his own little trumpet, is a favourite everywhere. There are many birds which, while lacking the seductive traits of those particularised above, command a place in our collections, by reasons of their rarity and little-known habits, striking and handsome plumage, or diversity between winter and summer dress. I will name a few, not going over a long list, but keeping in mind the aforesaid outdoor aviary mixed series. Indigo Bunting and Nonpareil Bunting: I have not kept these two together, but from one or more of our members’ experience, should think it possible to do so. Orange Weaver, Madagascar and Red-billed Weavers. The All Green Parrakeet may be kept in lieu of the Cockateels, if preferred, or a pair of each if the aviary is not less than 30 ft. long. I find I have omitted the beautiful little Chinese Quail; a pair of these should certainly be kept, they not only give variety, being ground birds, but practically live on the seed the other birds scatter on the floor, thus they not only charm, but help to starve out the mice. They also need soft food and a few insects. Winter: This is usually looked upon as a trying time for the outdoor aviary—so it is for the aviculturist attending to birdy wants in rough weather—but for the birds themselves I do not find it is so; the trying time is damp, wet weather, whether it occurs during the heat of summer, or cold of winter; dry cold does not hurt or cause inconvenience to the majority of foreign birds. At least they appear to feel it less than our native Britishers. The little Zebra Waxbills, during the sharp frosts and bitter winds of the past month (March, tgor), have been the merriest, happiest little creatures in my aviary, taking their morning tub as if it were mid-summer; spending their time cuddled up in a ball and shivering, Oh dear No!! but on the —_e Miscellaneous Experiences of Outdoor Aviculture. 91 go, flitting here and there, chirping and trilling from morn till night. The Zebra linch is, | know, noted for its hardiness, but one little fellow this year began to moult early in March last, and he has come triumphantly through it, and is now (April 3rd) as saucy and impudent as it is possible for a Zebra Finch to be. This might have passed my notice, for these cold wet days | have done little but just give them their necessary food and away again, but one of my sisters told me one of my Zebras was look- ing queer, so I went and had a look at him; he came at once to one of the front branches, and though looking out of sorts, blew his ridiculous little trumpet with all the assurance and cheek in the world. I saw at once what was the matter, gave him some strong insectile mixture and a few mealworms, and he was soon AI again. In looking through my notes, I find that on many occa- sions my birds have eaten the grass, etc. growing in the aviary. before the sun had removed the frost from it—our native birds do the saine, for most of their food must be covered with frost during many of winter’s days. I have also seen my birds partak- ing of seed that had stood all night in the aviary, and was thickly coated over with frost. [I also give my birds garden green-stuff, just as taken, during wet weather, and it is freely eaten with no harmful result. At the same time such must not be offered to birds in cage or indoor bird-rooms. Moulting and change of plumage. At this period I always increase insect food. All finches, aye and Waxbills too, seem glad of it at this time, and I am convinced the lustre ot their plumage is added to by its use. As regards Avadavats I have nothing further to add to what I have already stated; their time of moult and assumption of court dress has been as hitherto. I may say, in passing, that niy first pair have now spent six winters out of doors, and are still in perfect health and trim. My Indigo Bunting | have had with me but two winters; its time of moult and coming into colour is about the same as that of our native Chaffinch. It is now (April 3rd) just come into full colour, and is a perfect picture. When out of colour 92 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. there is a good bit of dull blue about the upper parts, and also subdued patches underneath. I cannot discover that any feathers are shed during the change from winter to breeding plumage. I may say that in my aviary, although the nest boxes only get an annual clean, red mite (the curse of indoor aviaries and cages) is unknown. On a second looking through my note-book I find an entry re the Chinese Quail to the effect that these pretty little birds seem semi-nocturnal in their habits. They certainly sleep during the heat of our summer afternoons, and are very active during the twilight of our summer evenings, and I also think during part of the night—for when I have gone, as I mostly do during summer, down the garden the last thing to have a look round, I have on many occasions seen them scuttling off to their shelter (a square patch of sand, raised 6 in. above floor level with a sloping board over it, leaving only the front open) at 12 midnight. I hope in this rambling avicultural chat there will be some items of interest for new adherents to aviculture. eS Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity By Dr. E. Hopkinson. D.S Os) MEAS Sie Be (Continued from page 62). For meaning of abbreviations used in this list vide pages 58—9. 21.—RED CARDINAL. Cardinalis cardinalis. W.T.P. Fairly commonly. For accounts see A.M. i. 124 and Gedney. ii. 159. Abroad: 1st Leuckfeld +Russ. ‘ Easily bred ”’ (Russ) . Hyprips. [RED CARDINAL x RED-CRESTED CARDINAL. See B.N. 1907. 222. ‘* One deformed young one lived seven weeks. ] RED CARDINAL x GREEN CARDINAL. W.T.P. SS 22.—BLUE CHAFFINCH. /vingilla teydea. W.T.P. 1st Meade-Waldo. See A.M. 1895. 103. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 93 23.—CHAFFINCH. F. coelebs. Croker. 1914. See record p. 341. B.N. 1915. Hyerips. ** See foot-note. CHAFFINCH x GREENFINCH. W.T.P. x BRAMBLEFINCH. W.T.P. Reeves, 1905. See B.N. 1907. 174. 0 x CANARY. W.T.P. x Chaffinch (Greenfinch). x Chaffinch (Bramblefinch). x Chafiinch (Goldfinch). ooo 24. BRAMBLEFINCH. F. montifringilla. Ist Suggitt, 1916. See B.N. 1916. 292. Hysrips. BRAMBLEFINCH x CHAFFINCH. W.T.P. Vale ‘‘ Said to produce fertile offspring ’’ + Vale. (? if this record does not refer to wild-bred hybrids. E.H.). x Bramblefinch (Chaffinch). i S 25.—_GOLDFINCH. Carduelis carduelis. W.T.P. Fairly easily bred. For an account see B.N. 1911. p. 352. Hypripbs. GOLDFINCH x HIMALAYAN GOLDFINCH. W.T.P. Vale. ‘‘ Fertile offspring ”’ (Vale). Recently bred by Paterson. See B.N. 1914. 267. GREENFINCH. W.T.P. Vale. JAPANESE GREENFINCH. Vale. CHAFFINCH. Vale. SISKIN. W.T.P. Vale. LINNET. W.T.P. Vale. RED POLL. W.T.P. Vale. CANARY. W.T.P. Vale. ‘‘ Hybrids fertile ’’ (Vale). 59 x BULLFINCH. W.T.P. Goldfinch (Chinese Greenfinch). Goldfinch (Siskin). Goldfinch (Twite). Goldfinch (Redpoll). Goldfinch (Canary). ———— ** At the C.P. Show, December 1903, a bird described as ‘‘ a hybrid Ienglish Chaffinch and American Nightingale, Hen, 1 year ’’ was exhibited. I remember it and noted at the time that it looked exactly like a common hen Chaffinch. ” xX X XX XK XK X xX X XX X 94 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 26.—HIMALAYAN GOLDFINCH. C. caniceps. Hypripbs. x Himalayan Goldfinch (Goldfinch). ———— 27.—SISKIN. Spinus spinus. W.T.P.. Hysrips. SISKIN x GREENFINCH. W.T.P. Vale. 4S x GOLDFINCH. W.T.P. Vale: OWiTE Webs LINNET. W.-T.P: Vale. SULPHUR SEED-EATER. W.T-P. ST. HELENA SEED-EATER. W.T.P. CANARY. W.T.P. Vale. “ said to produce fertile offspring ”’ (Vale). ; # x BULLFINCH. Vale. . x BLACK-HEADED SISKIN. DS ony OS BS OS x Siskin (Goldfinch). x Siskin (Twite). x Siskin (Redpoll). x Siskin (Green Singing Finch). x Siskin (Canary). eS 28.—CITRIL FINCH. S. citrinellus. Hynripbs. CITRIL FINCH x CANARY. ‘Tn evidence at the South Kensington Museum ”’ (Vale). 2) aes 29.—RED SISKIN. S. cucullatus. W.T.P. 1st Amsler. 1912. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1912. 338. Abroad. tst Heer 7Russ. ‘‘Easily bred’ 7Russ. Hypsripbs. TRUBID) SUISUN) 3 (CLNINNIROE, WY Age Commonly bred in the Canary Islands (E.H.). ee ee SIKHIM SISKIN S. tibetanus. Hysrips. x Sikhim Siskin (Greenfinch). + 31.—BLACK-HEADED SISKIN. 5S. ictericus. W.T.P. 1st Teschemaker. 1911. See B.N. rgrr. 238. Abroad. ist Kerfack Russ. + Probably Alario alario.—W.T.P. * In England by Capt. J. S. Reeve (1914)—Ep. 30. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 95 Iyprips. BLACK-HEADED SISKIN x SISKIN. W.T.P. ist Aronstein. 1910. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1910. 363. BLACK-HEADED SISKIN x CANARY. W.T.P. § OF 0 Xe CAREC ANIAIRY. Sai ol Eat This entry in Page's List probably refers to Russ’ “* Schwarzkopfige Zeisig XN. . .”’ This is the German name of the Alario Finch. The same may apply to the preceding record also and affect its validity as well. (E.H.). 2 32.—_AMERICAN SISKIN. Astragalinus tristis. Hysrivs. AMERICAN SISKIN x CANARY. W.T.P. a 33.—HIMALAYAN GREENFINCH. Hypacanthis spinoides. Ist Teschemaker. 1914. See B.N. 1914. 278., where the name used is ‘“Sikhim Siskin. C. spinoides.”’ —<>—___—__—— 34.—TWITE. Linaria flavirostris. W.T.P. Hysrips. TWITE x GREENFINCH. W.T.P. Vale. 5 x GOLDEINGH. WTP: — GOLDEN SPARROW. 4. euchlorus. Abroad. 1st Russ 7Russ. 46. a 47.—ALARIO FINCH. Alario alario. W.T.P. Ist Fillmer. See B.N. ii. 29. FHyprips. ALARIO x GREY SINGING FINCH. W.T.P. 5 x CAPE CANARY. Abroad +W.T.P. C. (? this way or vice-versa. E.H.). x CANARY. W.T.P. Vale. A.G.B. i. 109., and for an account of another success, see B.N. I915. 201. x Alario (Cape Canary). x Alario (Green Singing Finch). +. 48.—WHITE-THROATED SEED-EATER. Poliospiza albigularis. HypriDs. x White-throated S. (Sulphur Seedeater). ———_—_~>——__— Records of birds which have bred in Captivity. 105 49.—ANGOLA SINGING FINCH. P. angolensis. W.T.P. ist Teschemaker, 1907. A.S. Medal. A.M. (n.s.). V. 198. Zoo, 1909. (1). Abroad. 1st Franken 7 Russ. Hyprips. ANGOLA SINGING FINCH x CAPE CANARY. Abroad. fRuss. x Angola Singing Finch (St. Helena Seed-eater). — + 50.—GREY SINGING FINCH. P. leucopygia. W.T.P.. Bred by Erskine Allon. See A.M. iii. 147. Abroad. 1st Dorpmuller +Russ. Hyprips. GREY SINGING FINCH x GREEN SINGING FINCH. W.T.P. ee - p x LINNET. W.T.P. Vale. - 5 i) x CANARY. WHalPs SVale- x Grey Singing Finch. (Linnet). x Grey Singing Finch. (Alario). x Grey Singing Finch. (St. Helena Seedeater). x Grey Singing Finch. (Green Singing Finch). 51.—CAPE CANARY. Serinus canicollis. LY Hysrips. CAPE CANARY x ALARIO. A record in the A.M. (n.s.) iv. 134, but ? this way or vice-versa. (E.H.). Abroad +W.T.P. C. CAPE ICANARY «x Sil. HELENASSEEDEATER. fAG:B. 1: 105. ar 5 x CANARY. W-T-P. and see A-G.B. 1. 105. x Cape Canary (Black-headed Siskin). (?) x Cape Canary (Alario). x Cape Canary (Angola Singing Finch). ——_<>—_— 52._SULPHUR SEEDEATER. S. sulphuratus. W.T.P. 1st Shore Baily, 1914. B.N. 1915. 42. Its breeding in 1909 by Tesche- maker (B.N. 1909. 228) was recorded as the first and the entry in Page’s list referred to this event. Later it was found that what T. had bred were hybrids, Sulphur S. x White-throated Seedeater. See B.N. 1915 107. Hyprips. SULPHUR SEEDEATER x CANARY. W.T.P. ee x WHITE-THROATED SEEDEATER. Teschemaker, 1909, see above. x Sulphur Seedeater (Siskin). —————_ 53.—ST. HELENA SEEDEATER. S. flaviventris. W.T.P. See A.M. iv. 14. Abroad. rst Russ Russ. ‘‘ Easily bred”? (Russ). _ Hysrips, Y ” 106 Records of birds which have bred in Captivity. ST. HELENA SEEDEATER x CANARY. W.T.P. “ said to have crossed with a hen Canary ”’ (A.G.B. i. 106). For a recent record, see B.N. 1915. 206. ST. HELENA SEEDEATER x GREY SINGING FINCH. W-T:P: * iy 5 x ANGOLA SINGING FINCH. ist Chawner, 1916. ’.B.C. Medal. B.N. Feb. 1917. inset. ” ” % x SAFFRON FINCH. W.T.P. x St. Helena Seedeater (Siskin). x St. Helena S. (Cape Canary). x St. Helena S. (Saffron Finch). ——__—_—>————_ 54.—GREEN SINGING FINCH. S. hartlaubi. W.T.P. Abroad ist Russ jRuss. “‘ easily bred ’’ (Russ). Hyprips. GREEN SINGING FINCH x SISKIN. W.T.P. ” 09 x SAA RIO Ns Wied: ” ” 99 x GREY SINGING FINCH. W.T.P. o 5 * x (CANINA, Wel, 9° Walle. x Green Singing Finch (Grey Singing Finch). x Green Singing Finch (Serin Finch). a 55.—SERIN FINCH. S. serinus. W.T.P. And see A.M. iv. 14. Hysribs. SERIN x GREEN SINGING FINCH. W.T.P. * x CANARY W.T.P. Vae. “said to produce fertile offspring ”’ (Vale). To be continued. 44 Common _ Birds. By RoLanpD QUIN. Reprinted from “‘ B.N.,’’ November, 1901, page 29. I think the average foreign-bird-keeper is too much given to the pursuit of the rare. He does not care to buy any species he has already possessed. Consequently, having run through the list of the kinds always obtainable, his choice is restricted to the rarer birds, and each year he buys rarer and rarer ones, until he can get nothing which he cares to have, except at a very high “eqyno[ey aveut seingyn 4 SZ Hadi “MT 029%d ‘SHLON Culg Common Birds. 107 price, and, finding his hobby getting too costly, gives it up in disgust. The mistake he makes is in fancying that he has ex- hausted the possibilities of a species by the possession for a few years of one or two examples. There is not a single species which has yet been adequatel 7 studied. There is any amount of amusement and instruction to be extracted from careful observation of even the commonest bird. Let us take for example the Silverbill. Of this there are two species or varieties, the Indian and the African. Suppose the bird-keeper to purchase a dozen of the African (the common kind) and a few of the Indian. Let him keep some of them in an indoor aviary and some in an outdoor aviary all the year round, and some out-of-doors in summer and in-doors in the winter. Let him note under which conditions they thrive best. Let him experiment by feeding some on canary-seed alone, some on white millet seed alone, and some on spray or French millet alone, and some on two or more of these seeds. Let him endeav- our to find some certain means of distinguishing the sexes. Let him observe their nesting habits under differing conditions. Let him try the effect of crossing the two kinds, and ascertain whether the progeny are fertile.* Let him try whether it be possible by careful selection to improve the size of the race, or perpetuate any interesting “‘ sport ’’ which may occur among his birds. These are a few of the things he may do with a dozen or two of Silverbills—one of the very commonest of imported foreign finches. Is there not plenty here to occupy the avicul- turist for several years? 44 - Vultures near Calcutta. By E. W: Harpers F.Z:S., M.B:0.U. I am enclosing two snapshots I took a few weeks ago of vultures, about five miles outside Calcutta. The place is where all dead domestic animals from the city are taken. The bodies of horses and cattle are, after being skinned, converted into several times, and we have found the young hybrids fertile, both when paired among themselves or with the species,—Ed, 108 Vultures near Calcutta. manure in a factory erected for the purpose; while those of dogs and cats are thrown away. It is upon these that the vultures feed. At the time of my visit there must have been between two and three hundred of these revolting birds—in fact there were so many that they could not all be got into the picture at once. In No. 1 photo the bird nearest the camera is a King or Pondicherry Vulture, and another of this species is a little way behind it; but all the rest are what Jerdon calls the Brown Vul- ture, and Blandford the Indian White-backed Vulture (Pseudc - gyps bengalensis ). Not far away from the vultures, Pariah Kites, one or two pairs of Brahminy Kites, Crows, and a single pair of Adjutant Storks were to be seen. [The above notes have been extracted from a personal ‘etter dated lebruary 8th, 1918.—Ed. ] ——_++4)— The Endurance of Birds. By WEsLeEy T. PaGE, F.Z.S., ETc. Continued from page 67. FRINGILLIDZ. Possibly it will add to the value of these notes if I interpolate a few general remarks re breeding of finches, and proceed similarly with the later groups. First I will remark that each aviarist must largely be his (or her) own “‘ oracle ’’ as to what species may be kept safelv together, as the individualism of pairs, of the same species, is so varied that no general rule can be laid down upon this important point. For instance a pair, say of Red-crested Cardinals, may have proved quite safe in the general aviary of an aviculturist or vice versa, but this is by no means conclusive, as another pair of the same species may behave exactly opposite in some other aviculturist’s aviary, though the general character of both aviar- ies may be similar. What, then, can the tyro take as a guide? Well, if there be a general consensus of opinion, either for amia- bilit. or pugnacity, among the various aviculturist writers, then such may be taken as a guide and followed, but the tyro must “e BiRD NOTES. Photo E. W. Harper, F.Z.S8. Vultures near Calcutta, si “ws ——C_C_H_e_________eespsh eee The Endurance of Birds. 109 discriminate between those who are giving actual experiences, and those who are merely quoting a general reputation of any given species. With the most careful selection trouble may follow; thus the occupants of any given aviary must be kept under close observation, especially at the commencement of and during the breeding season; for, during this period the demeanour of indi- vidual pairs changes considerably, the erstwhile peaceful be- come pugnacious and even murderous. However, things soon find a level, and though the persistent bully must be removed, at the same time natural and reasonable contention must not be mistaken for unforgivable pugnacity. Proper discrimination upon these and similar points often means the difference between failure and success—the tyro too, must use a similar care when reading of others’ experiences- - locality, size and furnishing of the aviary, have a large bearing upon the results obtained—thus the experience given stands upon such conditions, and a similar result may not be achieved if these be seriously departed from. Thus if a given species be described as pugnacious, this can only be taken as being their demeanour under the conditions given which form (or should do so) the context of pugnacious or amiable as the case may be. My meaning should be clear, without further explanation, but the correspondence section of our Journal is open for the dis- cussion of such topics. Continuous alertness has checked many a threatened disaster. The dietary at this period should be the usual seeds, insectile mixture, ripe fruit and live insects—the latter is import- ant, for upon its judicious supply success or failure with many species depends. A roomy aviary, naturally planted and arranged, will make success more probable, as under such conditions the birds capture a certain amount of live-food; and also obtain that exercise, which is almost indispensable to full breeding fitness. To enlarge further would be to go outside the scope of this paper; other details will be given when dealing with the separate species. I had better remind new readers that this serial com- 110 The Endurance of Birds. menced in Brrp Notes of January, 1916, and a list was given of the species which the writer had kept at various times—marked up to indicate their endurance, under the three headings, viz: out of doors all the year round—out of doors spring, summer and early autumn only—kept indoors all the year round. And it is of the species given in the list, not all species of birds, that some indication, by request, as to their readiness to reproduce their kind in captivity is also given. Axvartio lincu (Alario alario). Nota brilliantly coloured species, but a very pleasing one; the colouration of its plumage were it not for its serin-like contour, might cause one to take it for a mannikin. Adult male. Head, throat, and stripe bordering breast and abdomen black; back, wings (excepting flights which are black) and tail cinnamon brown; remainder of underparts white; beak black. Alario Finch. Female. To some extent a washed out replica of the male, but lacking entirely his sharp and pleasing contrasts. Her The Endurance of Birds. 111 general colouration is greyish-brown, washed with cinnamon on the upper parts. She is smaller than the male and has a quiet demure beauty of her own. Nestling plumage. lesembles that of the female. I have found this species quite hardy in a roomy, naturallv planted garden aviary with a good shelter-shed attached thereto. It has proved ready to go to nest with me, the main difficulty being that very few hens are imported, and not many avicultur- ists have possessed pairs. It pairs readily with the domestic canary, but most of the resulting hybrids are not so pleasing as the species; however, the males are good songsters, which is also the case with the pure Alario. The majority in captivity usually choose a box of some kind as a foundation for their nest, but I had one nest, from which young emerged, built in a privet bush, about 3 ft. above the ground; it wasa fairly neat cup- shaped structure—a typical serin nest. A second clutch of eggs in the same nest were washed out during a violent thunderstorm. Another nest was immediately built in a box hanging in the shelter, but the hen died with her second egg. The young were mainly reared on seed and greenfood, but the parents were very keen on mealworms and captured a good many flies in the aviary. Pretty, amiable, and a sweet songster; submits to no aggression from any other occupant of the aviary. Avrora Fincu (Pytelia phoenicoptera). A very beautiful species; fairly hardy, but it should be taken indoors for the win- ter months. It has not proved a free breeder in captivity, and successful cases are isolated indeed. A nest was built in a large elder-bush in my aviary, from which one young bird emerged and though it lived for some weeks after it was able to fend for itself, it did not live long enough to moult into mature plumage. I can give no nesting data, as I only discovered the nest, 10 in. above the ground, the day before the young one made its exit. Description. Grey, finely barred with darker grey, washed with reddish on the back; flights and tail crimson; beak black. Butirincu (Pyrrhula europaea). When I kept British species I was sucessful in breeding quite a few of this, one of the showiest of our indigenous species, {12 The Endurance of Birds. Many years ago | kept this and other British species in roomy cages, small aviaries, and a little later in larger ones, but have not kept the species for twelve years or more. I successfully bred them under all the above mentioned conditions—at first there were many failures, and success was only finally obtained by supplying them with fresh wild seeds, buds, and unlimited greenfood—by fresh wild seed I mean gathering stems of the weeds in seed, tying them in bunches and hanging them up in any convenient position. Greenfood was also gathered so that the various kinds had flower buds, flowers and seeds, and was supplied fresh thrice daily. After this stage was reached my three pairs bred freely, and without other trouble reared most of the young hatched out. The chief difficulty with this beautiful species is its fond- ness for buds, and unless large bunches of twiggy branches are kept continuously in the aviary, deciduous trees and bushes planted therein have a very short life, and even with the above precaution such bushes do not flourish, but merely exist—com- mon laurel, Portugal laurel, aucuba and spruce fir resist their attacks as well as any. This beautiful species is hardy, providing the shelter attached to the aviary is dry and draught-proof, and the aviary large enough to allow of reasonable exercise. 31CHENO’S Fincu (Stictoptera bichenovi). I have written of this species recently, vide Brrb Norres, December, 1917, page 253, and must refer my readers thereto. It cannot be called a robust species, but in a dry locality (gravel district) it can be wintered out of doors. Hens are very subject to ‘‘ egg bind- ing,’’ especially during a wet cool summer. They will pass the winter comfortably in an unheated, well ventilated birdroom. Bis Fincuw (Spermestes nana). This is a charming and diminutive species, very little, if any, larger than an avadavat. Hardy. but if the locality is a damp one, with wet retentive soil, it had better be taken into the birdroom for the winter months but if this convenience be not available, the majority will survive out of doors, even in a damp locality, but every effort should be made to prevent early nesting under such conditions, Breeding the Spice Finches, Etc. 113 These wee Mannikins are not brilliantly coloured, but are a charming species for the mixed aviary, being nearly always ‘‘in the picture,’’ not combative, yet well able to look after themselves in almost any company—the latter, in the writer’s opinion, being a very desirable and interesting attribute. Most pairs are fairly free breeders, and the young are readily reared on the usual hard-bill menu. Nevertheless, some live insect food is desirable, making success more certain and their progeny vigorous and robust. (To be continued ). Se Breeding the Spice Finch, Etc. By Lapy DUNLEATH. Reprinted from ‘‘ B.N.,’’ December, 1901, page 52. I have had my pair of Spice Birds (Munia punctulata) for some years—since 1896, I think. In May of last year I turned all my birds out into a new outdoor aviary which I had made. In No. 1 Division I have Canaries, Ribbon Finches, Why- dahs, Zebra Finches, Waxbills, Avadavats, Nuns, Bengalese, Parson Finches, Saffron Finches, Bullfinches, Cockateels, Java Doves, Cordon Bleus, Spice Birds, Nicobar Pigeons, and one Scarlet Tanager, one Superb Tanager, one Fontonegra and one Mountain Finch, altogether 130 birds. Before I went to Scot- land this autumn I had only one pair of Spice Birds, and I noticed one of them sitting in a travelling box-cage which was hung inside the aviary cottage, from the roof by a long wire (to prevent mice from getting at the nest). I went away at the beginning of August, and on returning at the end of September I found two young Spice Birds flying about, with fluff still on their heads. They are now a beautiful rich brown, and more clearly marked than their parents. I also reared three Cordon Bleus, and they were fully fledged and flying about when I left home, but when I returned I could only see the parents, 114 Parrots. The great storm of wind and rain about the middle of November killed, I am sorry to say, my Superb Tanager, mv hen Cordon Bleu, two Pekin Robins, one Golden-breasted Wax- bill, and my Blue-winged Lovebirds—but all the rest look well. The only bird I have taken in for the winter is the Scarlet Tana- ger—I got him last November, and he has been out since May. The second Division of my aviary contains Pekin Robins, Indigo Buntings, Weavers, Green Singing Finches, Nonpareils, two Teal, Virginian Cardinals, Pope Cardinals, one each Ros- ella, Halfmoon, Indian Ring-necked, and Red-rumped Parra- keets, and Zebra Doves—26 birds in all. I am now enlarging the aviary and making a third division for the Virginian and Pope Cardinals. The only heat is from a small oil-stove and an oil-lamp, which are lighted at four o’clock in the afternoon and kept burn- ing all night. Since having the stove I have lost no small birds. The temperature goes down to 32 deg., and is never in winter above 50 deg. This is the second winter for nearly all the birds. I shut them in at night and on a very wet day. I had, in the Spring, nine Zebra Finches and now have thirty-two, twenty- three having been successfully reared. $4 Parrots. By W. Suore BAILy. AUSTRALIAN: Under this heading I am sending you a few notes as to the suitability for aviary life of the various Parrots, Parrakee.s. Conures and Lovebirds that I have kept from time to time with a few remarks on sexing them. With the exception of the little Budgerigar, the Austra- lian Broadtails seem to be far the most popular amongst our aviculturists, and in my view quite rightly so, as they are ex- tremely beautiful, and are free breeders in captivity without being niosy like their American and Indian cousins. They are, of course, more or less dangerous in the breeding season to other birds, but not more so than the other Parrots. Parrots. 115 Tue Rep Rosetta (Platycerus eximius) is the one most frequently kept, and it is, I think, the handsomest of the group, but amongst so many lovely varieties, this is a matter of individ- ual taste, The sexes are alike, or nearly so, the male being rather heavier in build with a larger head. A good deal has been written about sexing these birds. At one time it was thought that all hens had a green spot at the back of the head. Whilst it is true that some hens have this distinction, ] have had several that were quite as red-headed as the cocks. On the other hand, I have never hada male with the nape green. Another supposed difference was pointed out by our member, Dr. Lovell-Keays. He states in B.N. Vol. v. New Series that all hens are barred on the under-wing-coverts, and that the cocks are not. This may be true of adults, but I don’t think that it is with the young ones, as the last time I reared any number of them, I took particular notice of this and found that all the young ones had barred under-wing-coverts.* Of course, when you have a breeding pair it is quite easy to distinguish the cock from the hen. The diffi- culty arises when you have a single bird to sex and no others to compare it with. One of my hens is a very brilliantly coloured bird, and if put with a number of young birds, say under one year old, would be almost certain to be picked out as a cock, even by an expert. THe Pennant (P. elegans) is another lovely Broadtail. In this case the hen is distinctly smaller than the cock, her head markedly so. A good many years ago, some rather lively cor- respondence occurred in the Avicultural Magazine on the sexing of these Parrots. That very successful aviculturist, Mr. Farrar, laid down some very definite rules for picking out the sexes, based on his observation of some young birds he had bred. But it was afterwards proved that his young ones were hybrids be- tween the Pennant and the closely allied Adelaide (P. adeladiae ). Although I have had two or three pairs I have not succeeded in breeding them. THe Meatiy Roseia (P. pallidiceps) is a contrast in colour to the last species, but is equally attractive. Although frequently imported it is not so easy to secure true pairs. I have only had odd birds. Once I hada very good breeding hen, that * The young of many species resemble the adult female and this is the case with the Rosella.—Ed. 116 Parrots. nested several times, but having no male with her, of course their was no result. At the present time I have two cocks and no hens. From one of these I have bred some hybrids from a Red Rosella. These in their young bird plumage are indisting- uishable from the common kind. I am mating a young cock with a hen Rosella, and hope that he will not prove sterile. Tue Brut Bonnet (Psephotus haematorrhous) is a smaller bird. There are two kinds, the red-vented and the yellow-vented. I have kept the former. They are not so attrac- tive as the species already mentioned, and do not appear to be so easily bred. Moreover, being very active they are much more dangerous with small birds, such as Finches, Weavers, etc., and if kept should have an aviary to themselves, and in fact this is really the best course with all the smaller Parrots, if spare room is available. The female is slightly smaller and duller in colour than the male. Tue STanteEy PARRAKEET (Platycercus icterotis) may be described as a small edition of the Red Rosella, which it very much resembles in general appearance, although its colours are not so brilliant. It appears to bea free breeder. I have only had my pair a few months, so cannot write much about them. The hen is easily picked out, as she has far less red in her plumage. THE REpD-RuMP (Psephotus haematonotus) is another little Parrakeet in which the sexes differ markedly. They are also very free breeders, and will bring up their young in a large cage. I have never reared any of them in my aviaries, as I found them so extremely quarrelsome, that I did not keep them long. THE YELLOW-NAPED PARRAKEET (Barnardius semitor- quatus ) 1s another Australian but it belongs to a different group. It has much more green about it, than any of those already noted. My birds were. I believe, two hens, as I frequently saw them asking a cock Meally to feed them, which he rather reluc- tantly did. In their habits they are similar to the platycercinae, and would, I should think, be equally free breeders. THe CockatreL (Calopsittacus nove-hollandiae ) is per- haps the best known of all the Australian Parrots, and it is one of the most charming. Ifa good breeding pair is obtained they Hints for Beginners. 117 will bring up two or more families regularly every season. Care, however, should be taken to see that they do not go to nest too early in the season, as the hens are liable to egg-binding. The cock has a rather pleasant little song, and he makes a better cage bird than any other of the Antipodean Parrakeets. They appear to take little notice of the smaller birds, but in the breed- ing season are aggressive with other Parrots. To be continued. > Hints for Beginners. By Horatio R. FILLMER. Reprinted from “ B.N.,” October, 1901, page 14. It is quite true that foreign cage-birds are very delicate, and it is equally true that they are very hardy. These statements seem absolutely contradictory, but they are not. Foreign birds, when newly imported, are delicate, and in the case of some species the percentage of deaths is high. On the other hand, those which have survived for some months after importation are generally hardy, often hardier than our native birds. The beginner often invests in a few newly imported Waxbills, which have been taken out of a warm bird-shop, through the cold of an English March, and turns them into an all-wire cage in a draughty window. Within a fortnight half of them are dead. and the owner is disgusted with the ‘‘ delicacy’ of foreign birds. If he had been able to secure acclimatized specimens (and willing to pay a consequent higher price) he would have had fewer losses than with the same number of Goldfinches or Bull- finches. On the whole there is nothing like sand for the bottoms of cages and aviaries—not only in the case of seed-eaters, but for soft-food birds. For Lorikeets and Lories something more absorbent, such as sawdust or peat-litter, is required, and also for Toucans and other large soft-bills. But for small fruit- eating and insect-eating birds, sand is the best. I generally use common builders’ sand, and for seed-eaters throw in on the top 118 Hints for Beginners. a handful of fine flint grit, such as is sold for young chickens. Newly imported birds are better at first without grit, which should be given to them cautiously in very small quantities and in the form of rough sea-sand. The reason for this is that the birds have been kept without grit for months, and their internal organs have become soft and liable to be punctured by sharp flint. I have always been an advocate for giving the smaller birds a feed by artificial light in long winter evenings. Some people have emphatically denied the utility of this. I do not know that I, or anyone else, ever asserted it to be essential to the life or well-being of the birds—but I do assert it to be an aid in keeping them in health through the winter. My usual plan is to turn on an incandescent gas-light in the bird room for a quarter-of-an-hour or so about nine o’clock. When I turn it out I leave a smaller light burning for a time to enable the birds to find their perches. In the feeding of soft-billed birds, I really think the con- sistency of the food is quite as important as the materials of which it is composed. Birds will not thrive on a pasty mess, however rich it may be in ants’ ges and other good things. I believe this is the reason why birds often thrive better on one of the advertised foods sold 17 tins than they do on home-made food, although the bought food may contain a large proportion of German paste, crushed hemp, and other things of more than doubtful digestibility. It is never wise to moisten food by the addition of water, as one is very apt to make it too wet. It is far better to soften it by the addition of bailed potato or grated carrot—though I much prefer lard or dripping for the purpose. If you use potato or carrot, you must be careful to throw away the leavings from the previous day’s feeding, ant to put the fresb food in a clean pan. But the food mixed with s-ease will ker» good for weeks. Some people imagine that if a bird be fat it must be in zood health, and that the fatness is a proof that it has been fed on suitable food. Fatness is no more sign of health in a bird than in a man—and our aim should be to keep our birds in good Native Notes. 119 condition but not fat. A fat bird is seldom healthy, and always liable to go off ina fit. In the case of soft-billed birds excessive fatness is often caused by feeding on bread and other farinaceous food. $44 Native Notes. By J. Drummonp, F.L.S., F.Z.S. [Extracts from cuttings (per Mr. F. Howe) from the New Zealand press—Ed. ] Mutton Birps: The ancient art of mutton-birding still is popular with Maoris of the southern part of New Zealand. Many of them now are living on the islets off the coast of Stewart Island, making the annual toll of the thousands of petrels that burrow in the soft soil there. Years ago mutton- birding at the proper season was common in nearly all parts of this country where Maori settlements had been established, but, so far as I know, it is less popular in the North Island than formerly. In any case, modern appli- ances and ideas have improved upon the ancient methods, and a letter from Mr. J. A. Brooking, of Te Araroa, close to the Awatere River, south of the East Cape, supplying an account of his first expreiences with mutton-birders 60 years ago, has an historical, as well as ornithological, value. In 1857, when he was a lad of 15, he lived with his foster-parents in a wild and isolated part of Hawke’s Bay. European strangers seldom were seen there, but at a certain season of the year parties of Maoris came from a settlement near Taupo, some 60 miles away, and took up their abode in a large slab shed close to the house. They stayed there for about six weeks in order to kill and pre- serve mutton-birds, or, as they called them, titi. They brought with them five or six large gourds. They also had an old-fashioned iron crock. This was used for rendering the fat and cooking the flesh. Before this was done all the bones were extracted. When the flesh was sufficiently cooked it was allowed to cool, and then was packed tightly in the gourds, each gourd hold- ing the flesh of about 100 birds. The melted fat was poured in, covering the flesh and filling up the crevices. The mouth of the gourd was then plugge1 tightly, and the food was ready to be sent to Taupo. The homestead was in a wide valley, about 1500 ft. above sea level. This valley runs back, with few interruptions, 15 or 16 miles to the mountain In front of the homestead site the land declines gradually to the coast of the bay, which is in a straight line, about 35 miles distant. Close to the home- stead site there is a small conical hill, with a flat top, about one chain across. The hill was known as Puke-titi—the titi hill—and the Maoris stated that it was a celebrated place for the slaughter of titi, and had had its reputation for many generations. The valley, apparently, was in the direct course followed 120 Native Notes. by the birds in their flights from the sea to the mountains. They flew over the homestead in hundreds, always about an hour after dark, some of them making a peculiar laughing sound. The Maoris believed that these noisy birds were the leaders, and that they uttered their call-notes in order to keep the flocks together. On the first dark, cloudy night after the Maoris’s arrival Mr. Brooking was invited to take part in the killing, and he set out with a party of nine for the titi hill. Seven of the Maoris carried well-dried firewood. Each had a light pole about 9ft. long, a weapon with which Mr. Brooking also was armed. One Maori carried the titi net. This was made of flax. It was about 12{t. long and Oft. wide, and had a mesh of about 3in. Each end of the net was attached to a pole about 12ft. long. The top of the hill was reached about half an hour after dark. A fire was lighted, all the wood was piled on it, and soou there was a roaring blaze. Two Maoris raised the net by means of the poles, holding them upright four yards behind the fire. Another Maori sat on his knees, with his pole in his hand, on the right front of the net. Other members of the party sat three on ea~’, side of the fire, each about 6ft. from his neighbour. It could not have been more than 10 minutes after the com- pletion of the arrangements when the first signal of the birds’ approach was heard. This was a discordant laugh, repeated by members of the flock, until the sound was lost in the rear. Two of the leaders rushed headlong into the fire, scattering the embers in all directions. Others flung them to the ground, where they were quickly killed by the man on his knees. Members of the party stationed on each side of the fire in the meantime knocked down birds with their poles. The excitement continued for only a few minutes. The titi had passed on their way to the mountains. ‘‘ The fun’s all over,’ Mr. Brooking said to his neighbour. ‘‘ Oh, no,”’ he replied; ‘‘ that was only the advance guard ; the matua—main body—will be down on us soon.”’ They had hardly ceased speaking when they again heard the laughing notes of hundreds of petrels. The birds came in scores, with a force as if they had been shot from guns. The netting swayed backward with the impact. The Maori on his knees in front was kept busy killing birds as they were flung back. The other fowless did their part. The fire was at its height, lighting up the darkness for a score of yards around; then about a dozen birds flew into it, scattering the burning wood so that the fire was partially put out. At the same time the Maori on the right received a knock from a bird that struck him on the forehead; it it had flown 3in. lower its bill probably would have caused serious injury. That ended the first night’s sport. The rearguard—the hunuru or camp-followers, as the Maoris called them—were allowed to pass unmolested. One hundred and three titi were slain that night, and on the other side only one man was wounded. The time from leaving the house to the return to it was slightly less than an hour. Mr. Brooking states that Maoris killed the mutton-birds only on very dark, cloudy nights, preferably when there was drizzlix;: rain. The particular vecies of petrel he refers to is described by him as “‘ a bird marked distinctly Native Notes. 121 with black and white, about the size of a wood-pigeon, plump, rather shoct of wing, but exceedingly strong and fast in flight.’’ This evidently is Cook’s petrel (4istrelata cooki), but the Maoris seem to use the word “ titi’’ for several species of petrels, all of which were caught and preserved in the same way. Amongst these is the black petrel (Majaqueus parkinsoni), but Mr. Brooking maintains that this is not the true titi. He supples the Maori name of this bird as “‘ te kuia.’’ This is used also for still another mutton-bird, the brown petrel, which is grey above and white below. The cry of this bird has been described by some observers as like the bleating of a lamb. It belongs to the Southern Ocean, and is very common at sea from May to August, but retires to breed in September or October. It is the best diver of all the sea- going petrels. The black petrel has at least two Maori names in addition to the one mentioned by Mr. Brooking, namely, taonui and taiko. He states that is salted and is sold in large quantities as titi, being taken from many small islands, on some of which it breeds in thousands. He has known Maori boats bring away many thousands in one season from White Island, in the Bay of Plenty, alone. Two years ago he saw one boat bring from White Island to a comparatively small settlement no fewer than goo black petrels. He states also that Maoris pull them out of their burrows, and while they are still alive make a slit in the neck and tear out the crop. It is believed that unless this is done, the birds, two hours after death, w‘ll be unfit to eat. Bett Birps: A Christchurch resident, who recently spent a few days at Aicken’s, some eight miles west of Otira, reports that bellbirds there were very plentiful and very tame. They came in large numbers into trees close to the house, and were in evidence also in the forest. On one occasion he heard a fairly large number taking part in.a chorus, the different notes har- monising well. The songsters were in good plumage and were a notable feat- ure of wild life. Amongst other birds seen in the district were tomtits, which were characteristically friendly to visitors, and white-eyes. At night the notes of many moreporks were heard from the recesses of the forests, show- ing that these birds are also plentiful in the ditrict. Mr. W. Mansell, Cash- mere Hills, near Christchurch, states that bellbirds regularly visit a homestead at Puketohu, Middle Valley, about ten miles from Fairlie. They are heard there most frequently in spring and autumn months, and usually visit the homestead about 10 a.m. and in the afternoon. The notes are delightfully liquid. Mr. G. Simpson, of Christchurch, states that about seven years ago, when he made a bicycle journey in the northern part of the South Island, the members of his party saw and heard surprisingly large numbers of bellbirds in the Buller Gorge. The travellers sometimes rested under trees on the road, and gave themselves up to the pleasure of listening to the ringing notes, and of watching the graceful birds amongst the foliage. To be continued. ee hp 122 Correspondence. Correspondence. BREEDING NOTES IN 1915. Sir,—I am sending these few notes in response to your request for copy. In 1915 I had pretty good luck as regards breeding, especially so considering the crowd of birds I had in my largest aviary, which is only 15ft. long. In 1914 | had intended to build a large aviary when the autumn and great upheaval ’’ upset that “ winter months came along, but, of course, the idea. Anyhow I fixed up a few husks, barrels and boxes in the aviary and trusted to luck. This aviary measures 15ft. long, 5ft. wide and 7ft. high; one end for three feet is entirely covered, but has three windows; the other end for three feet is also covered in; the open part is partly covered with a roof about two feet wide—this allows the birds to get either sun or shade. In this aviary I had :— 1 pair Rosella Parrakeets (reared young). 1 pair Cockateels (reared young). 1 pair Madagascar Lovebirds (reared young). 7 pairs Budgerigars (reared about 25 young). 1 pair Blue-winged Lovebirds (Passerine Parrakeets), these did not nest, but spent the most part of their time inspecting the contents of the various nests, which the various owners did not seem to mind, ex- cept the Budgerigars. All went well, until one of the hen Budgerigars ran amok and killed another hen and the young in three Budgerigar nests ! Of course I had to remove all the young as soon as they could fend for themselves. This season I have had to give the aviary up to the Rosellas, as the cock bird turned very nasty, although previously he has been very docile and has never molested any bird before, not even small finches; the reason may be that he has a new mate, his former mate dying of old age last summer. One season | had Budgerigars, Ribbon and Zebra Finches in the aviary with this Rosella and his old mate—they all reared young and there was no quarel- ling, so, I think, the cock Rosella is upset at the loss of his old partner. It was very interesting to watch the Madagascar Lovebirds carrying material to their nests; they built in two barrels and one husk before thev settled down—eventually the hen laid in one of the largest barrels, and a brood of young were successfully reared, Correspondence. 123 I think the Marquis of Tavistock’s scheme a very good one, and f am looking forward to the time (when I have been able to collect a few birds and house them decently—when materials are procurable) that I shall be in a position to place my name on the List of Club Breeders—I have been sery- ing with the colours, but am now discharged. Streetly, April 30th, 1918. J. E. HAWKINS. eee HYBRID GREENFINCH x ROSEFINCH. RECORDS OF BIRDS WHICH HAVE BRED IN CAPTIVITY. Str,—As Dr. Hopkinson asks that members should enable him to make the above list as complete as possible, by forwarding particulars of any cases omitted, perhaps I may be allowed to draw his attention to a greenfinch x Siberian rosefinch cross which is not included. An account of the occurrence will be found in B.N. for 1916, pp. 206 and 256. Though the evidence was then stated to be not quite explicit enough, an inspection of the skin of the hybrid (which was unfortunately subsequently killed by another bird) satisfied the Committee, and a medal was awarded. (See B.N. 1916, pages 206, 256 and 1917 pink inset, pages 22 and 31. Iam Yours faithfully, Inyeresk, Midlothian, March 22, 1918. M. R. TOMLINSON. ——_<>——_ ARRIVAL OF SPRING MIGRANTS. The accompanying table shows that our visitors this spring were rath=r later than usual in arriving on our shores (Essex). This, no doubt, was owing to the bleak, not to say severe, weather prevailing in April till quite the end of the month. Cuckoo. 24-4-'18, 8 a.m., wind N.W., T. (Thermometer) 32. Among my records for 26 years the only later dates are 28-4-’03, 28-4-’06, 25-4-’03, 25-4-'10, 30-4-’15. Cuirrcnarr. 24-4-18, 9 a.m., wind N.W., T. (32). In 26 years he arrived later only in ’89, ’92, ’96, ’06, ’17. Tree Pirrr. 24-4-"18, 5 p.m., wind N.W., T. (42). In 10 years I have five earlier dates, viz: 20-4-’02, 14-4-’10, 21-4-’12, 22-4-’13, 12-4-’14, whilst in 1917 he did’nt arrive till May sth. SwaLLow. 27-4-"18, 11 a.m., wind N., T. (40). Arrived on same date in *92 and ‘02. Only one later date in 29 years, viz: 28-4-’08. NIGHTINGALE. 2-5-"18, 3 a.m., wind N. This is the latest date in 25 years, The two latest previously are 28-4-’03 and 28-4-’06. 124 Correspondence. GARDEN WARBLER. — 4-5-'18, I p.m., wind W., T. (52). Last year he arrived a day later. SporrreD FrycatcHeR. 6-5-'18, 2 p.m., wind W., T. (52). The only earlier date in 5 years is 4-5-'17. ReEDSTART. 6-5-'18, 2 p.m., wind W., T. (52). Later dates in 11 years are 10-5-'05, 9-5-'08, 7-5-'13. The earliest is 5-4-’07. LanpraiL. 8-5-'18, 9 p.m., wind W., T. (40). This is a little later than usual. Brackcap. 9-5-'18, 11 a.m., wind W., T. (50). I have no later date than this in ten years, but the date was the same in ‘og and ‘17. My earliest date is 14-4-"14. Lesser WHITE-THROAT. Q-5-'18, 11 a.m., wind W. T. (50). This is about the usual time, but I fear my records of the two species are rather mixed. My earliest date is 19-4-'05. Swirt. 9-5-'18., 1 p.m., wind W., T. (50). My records are all in the begin- nig of May, 6-5-’07 being the earliest. G. H. Raynor, Hazeleigh Rectory, 9-5-’18. SEES ca I have been unable to watch for the Spring migrants this season, but I heard and saw the ‘‘ Harbinger of Spring ”’ for the first time this year, on April 22nd, at 6-30 a.m., wind S.W.; cold, wet weather followed and the cuckoo was almost silent for several days; now, ‘ cuckoo ’’—‘ cuckoo ’’— ‘cuckoo '’ is the commonest bird-note of this countryside. Wisela bAGE: Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey, May 8th, 1918. SE IT am sending a few notes re Spring migrants, etc. April 9 Saw a bird of the Swallow family after five o’clock in the afternoon, believe it was a Chimney Swallow. , 1 Heard Chiffchaff. 21 Heard Wryneck. ,, 22 Heard Willow Warbler. 26 Heard Cuckoo. 27 Saw two birds, not well enough to properly identify them, but feel sure they were House Martins. 5, 30 Saw Wheater on the ground, attached to my cottage, for a few moments in the evening. May 2 Saw several Swifts. 5 3 Heard Nightingale—singing freely. J. WEtR, New Milton, Hants, 7-5-718, ] | he We ra * -! ai r ie - ene F a rea oan a ; ,) BUI et oe ) T t : vi 2 | , “ \ ‘ i . : ¥ AT fi 4 ‘ t 4 Ul ' “a \ ’ way i “+ ad 3 7 » a y A \ ' ‘ ‘J ' ‘ J i ' i iy + t, es i ‘ : b 4 1 | hi Soe j li be na cy cn i : id 7. e r ( , ifm! * “ P, a be , ¢ he : : yas a ‘ ; _ “{re ov oO S8Snr puv iso : CORE eHOUS sar aoe: sla arog vIqezZ X [njJoorag Sunoyx WG aloyg “Aq L104 ‘SGLON GUIg = ee All Rights Reserved. June, 1918. BIRD NOTES: —— THE —— JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Some Birds and their Nests in the Boyers’ House Aviaries. By W. SHorRE Batty. (Concluded from page 102). Weavers and Whydahs were also a complete failure. The Black-headed Weavers nested twice, but the eggs in each case were infertile. Jackson’s Whydahs also nested twice. The first time I failed to find the nest, but in the second nest the eggs were clear. I think that the season must have had something to do with the number of clear eggs. I fancy that there was a shortage of insect life last summer. There certainly was in the case of wasps. From some people’s point of view, this would no doubt be a blessing, but the aviculturist always welcomes the grubs, as they make such fine food for insectivorous birds. An account of the nesting of my Black-tailed Hawfinches and their lack of success has appeared in B.N. As I write, both birds are singing, so I hope that they will soon be nesting again. Parra- keets did very badly last year. ‘The Rosellas only reared one young one as against ten or a dozen in other seasons. My Ros- ella hen and Meally cock reared one young hybrid, which is still indistinguishable from a young common Rosella. None of the other Parrakeets did anything. Doves did a little better, although not nearly as well as in a normal season. Four Bronze-wings, three Brush Bronze-wings, six Diamond, and two Masked Doves, left the nest. Several Necklace and Senegal hybrids were reared, and I have put up a pair of these young ones to see if they will breed this season. The cock seems anxious to do so, but the hen does not respond so far. Two young hybrids were reared from a cock Peaceful and a hen Zebra Dove, the first time, I believe, that this cross has been 126 Macaws. recorded. The young are like the Peaceful father, and are, I believe, a true pair. If they prove to be, I shall try and breed from them also. One of my most interesting birds is the African Black Rail. This pretty little bird was unfortunately without a partner. Nevertheless, she nested three times. The first time the nest was built upon the ground in the long grass. The other two nests were suspended in the flags about a foot above the water. Five eggs were laid on each occasion. Latterly this little wader had made great friends with my Amazon Rail, a bird about twice its size, an account of which appeared in B.N., 1916, Vol. VII. Sad to relate, this, the most interesting and tamest bird I have ever had, met her fate by drowning a short time ago. I had put her into another aviary, in which the pond was deeper than in the one in which she had been living. She evidently got out of her depth, and having no feet was, I sup- pose, unable to swim, Many and various are the vicissitudes of bird-keeping. = $4 Macaws. By Joun W. Marspen, F.Z.S. Our editor has asked me for an article on Macaws. 1 fear very few members are interested in them, though anyone who has time and wants a real pal, cannot do better than get one ortwo. I| have kept a large variety of birds during the last forty years. When I was very young I had bantams and soon got foreigners of the common kind, but my favourites are Macaws and Water-fowl. The latter are about the least trouble to keep, and the large Macaws, to do them justice (unless kept in aviaries), the most trouble, or I should say take up most time. I consider them the most intelligent of all birds, not excluding even the Grey Parrot, and I have had a very clever one. You may as well keep a macaw chained to a stand all day and only feed it, as keep a dog chained to a kennel, they both spend a miserable existence and do not develop the intelligence they possess. Of course this does not so much apply to birds kept in public gardens where they see more to interest them, as when kept in private collections. I do not think the species of Macaw matters, but the individual. I have found good and a BIRD NOTES. Photo W. Shore Baily. Young Masked Dove. Photo W. Shore Baily. Black Rail. : ’ iy? “SO, Fee ‘ . ’ 4 , = , i . ‘ ' ’ re wh / ¥ ‘ wo > 4 + ~ s ; i - . ‘ ; ‘ . j . ae ‘ 5 a , ’ ‘ ® » ‘ : ‘ ‘ > { \ F J } " + i . s , : ’ ‘ ' . , Y ; ‘ ‘eS ‘ sn) 4 i : 0 * P é , ’ = , ' * t Le R, ¥ ‘ 14 ' ad 4 ‘ . ¥ AN . ‘ %) } i ‘ _- t 1 qs 4 4 4 : 7 we. halt ———_ SAFFRON FINCH x ARGENTINE SAFFRON FINCH. W.T.P. Butler in 1893 bred fertile mules. See A.G.B. i 103. Sp 5 x ST. HELENA SEEDEATER. W.T.P. ze , SL CANTATA Vain x Saffron Finch. (St. Helena Seedeater). x Saffron Finch. (Canary). a 58.—ARGENTINE SAFFRON FINCH. S. pfelzelni. W.T.P. Ist Teschemaker, 1908. B.N. 1908. 183. Hysrips. x Argentine Saffron Finch (Saffron Finch). ——— 59.—LEAST SAFFRON FINCH. S. minor. ist Amsler, 1915. See B.N. 1915. 320, 329. and A.M. 1916. 25. * As regards the first of these two recorded hybrids between members of the families Ploceidae and Fringillidae, Page qualifies his entry by the foot-note : “ Needs confirmation, though the correspondent in Cage Birds is very positive as to the parentage of the two young birds reared, viz., Orange Weaver x Canary.”’ 140 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 60.—YELLOWISH FINCH. S. arvensis. W.T.P. ~— 61.—SCARLET ROSEFINCH. Carpodacus erythrinus. Abroad W.T.P. C. 1st Russ fRuss. HyprIDs. SCARLET ROSEFINCH x GREENFINCH. 1st Tomlinson, 1916, F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1916, 206, 256. SCARLET ROSEFINCH x CANARY. Abroad. ‘‘ Mentioned authoritatively by Dr. Russ, writes Dr. A. G Butler.’’ Vale, in foot-note to his list. << fo 62.—PURPLE FINCH. C. purpureus. HYBRIDS. PURPLE FINCH x CANARY. W.T.P. Vale. —— 63.—MEXICAN ROSEFINCH. C. mexicanus. W.T.P. 1st Teschemaker, 1910. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1910, 363. Zoo, 1912, 1913 Hysrips. ; MEXICAN ROSEFINCH. x CANARY. W.T.-P. x Mexican Rosefinch (Greenfinch). a ee 63A.—PINK-BROWED ROSEFINCH. Propasser rhodopeplus, (or ? rhodochrous. E.H.). Ist S. Quintin, 1916. See A.M. 1917, 251. ee 64.—CROSSBILL. Lo-xia curyirostra. W.T.P. Reed, 1910. See Allen Silver, A.M. 1911. 109. —s_—— 65.—BULLFINCH. Pyrrhula europaea. W.T.P. For records, see Zoo, 1905., F.W. (hanson), 1896., A.M. i. 124. Hyepribs. BULLFINCH x CANARY. W:2.P. Vale. x Bullfinch (Greenfinch). Bullfinch (Goldfinch). Bullfinch (Siskin). Bullfinch (Linnet). sullfinch (Redpoll). Bullfinch (Mealy Redpoll). Bullfinch (Canary). POS OK, Now * The SIBERIAN or RUSSIAN BULLFINCH is P. pyrrhula. No doubt some of the hybrid records refer to this race, which is used to obtain the much desired size. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 141 65A.—RED-HEADED BULLFINCH. P. erythrocephala. 1st St. Quintin. 1916. See A.M. 1917, 250. ae 66.—PINE GROSBEAK. Pinicola enurieator. W.T.P. ist St. Quintin, 1906. A.M. (n.s.) 1v. 285, and y. 55 > 67.—REED BUNTING. Emberiza schoeniclus. W.T.P. 1st Teschemaker, 1910. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1910. 363. HysRIDs. REED BUNTING x YELLOWHAMMER. +Vale, who in his list gives “‘ Black-headed Bunting E. melanocephala,”’ but in a foot-note says that in all probability the REED BUNTING was meant. (BLACK-HEADED BUNTING, E. melanocephala. See above). a 68.—_ YELLOWHAMMER. E. citrinella. Hysribs. x Yellowhammer (Reed Bunting). a 69.—CIRL BUNTING. E. cirlus. W.T.P. 1st Teschemaker, 1908. See B.N. 1908, 128. aa 70.—MOORISH HOUSE-BUNTING. Fringillaria saharae. 1st Meade-Waldo, but I cannot find the record. It is included in Quin’s List of Birds which have bred in Great Britain. (B.N. Oct., 1910). Se 71.—BLACK CRESTED BUNTING. .Melophus melanicterus. Incomplete, De Quincey. See B.N., 1915, 261. (One young one lived till to days old). —_—__—>—- 72.—BLACK-THROATED BUNTING. Spiza americana. W.T.P. ist Teschemaker, 1911. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1911, 238, 268. —_{_____ 73.—SNOWBIRD. Junco htemalis. W.T.P. Zoo, 1913. Abroad. 1st Russ Russ. ————— 74.—WHITE-CROWNED SONG:SPARROW. Zonotrichia leucophrys. Hysrips, ; 142. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. WHITE-CROWNED SONG-SPARROW x CHINGOLO SONG-SPAR ROW. ~7;A-G! Bei 22. - Wee: Seth Smith (almost certainly the first). ee CHINGOLO SONG-SPARROW. Brachyspiza pileata. W.T.P. 75. 1st Teschemaker, 1907. A.S. Medal. A.M. (n.s.) vi. 26 and B.N. 1908 24 HyprIpbs. x Chingolo (White-crowned Song-Sparrow). <\ 76.—INDIGO BUNTING. Passerina cyanea. W.T.P. ist Farrar, 1900. A.S. Medal. See A.M. vi. 270. Abroad. 1st Russ fRuss. HyprIps. INDIGO x CANARY. W.T.P. Vale. Abroad’ Wei PCs Scottem thesUnsv Ansan Goo eminned INDIGO x NONPAREIL. Thomasset, 1915. See B.N. 1915. 261, 287; and 1916, 52. so 77.—NONPAREIL. C. ciris. W.T.P. Ist Farrar, 1899. A.S Medal. See A.M. v. 165. Abroad. 1st Russ ¢Russ. And Keulemans (Cage Birds, 87, p. 105) says that they breed freely in confinement and that he has known sever:l instances (presumably abroad) of their producing two if not three broods a year. HyprIbs. x Nonpareil (Indigo Bunting’). Se SSS 78.—VARIED BUNTING. ?. versicolor. Abroad. ist Schleusner Russ. >_< 79.—_TOWHEE BUNTING. Pipilo erythropthalma. Abroad. ist Landauer +Russ. oo ORCHARD FINCH. Phrygilus fruticeti. Ist Amsler, 1915. See B.N. 1915, 173, 319. <> 81.—DIUCA FINCH. Diuca diuca. W.T.P. ‘* Bred at the Zoo, 1887 and by Alderson, 1900. ¢A.G.B. i. 132. 80. Editorial. 143 82.—PILEATED FINCH. Coryphospingus pileatus. W.T.P. ist Williams, 1905. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (n.s.) iv. 30. Abroad. Lred once in Germany. ¢A.G.B. i. 132. = 83.—RED-CROWNED FINCH. RKhodospingus cruentus. Abroad. ist Harris }Russ. ‘‘ Easily bred,’ {Russ. a 84.—RED-CRESTED CARDINAL. Paroaria cucullata. W.T.P. Lovell Keays, 1914. B.N. 1915, 149. Abroad. In Florence, 1837 to —39. See B.N. 1909, 236. Ist Bodinus 7Russ, but the above record must antedate his by a long time. HyYsRIDs. RED-CRESTED CARDINAL x POPE. W.T.P. Zoo, 1914. RED-CRESTED CARDINAL x GREEN CARDINAL. W.T.P. ist Walker. 1910. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1910, 364 x Red-crested Cardinal (Red Cardinal). x Red-crested Cardinal (Pope). rr 85.— POPE. P. larvata. W.T.P. Ist Pennant, 1912. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1912, 335. Abroad. 1st Russ 7Russ. Hysrips. POPE x RED-CRESTED CARDINAL. W.T.P. | x Pope Red-crested Cardinal). —_———_p—-— 86.—GREEN CARDINAL. Gubernatrix cristata. W.T.P. Farrar, see A.M. iii. 192. Zoo, 1905, 1906. Abroad. tst Bodinus {Russ. HyYsrips. x Green Cardinal (Red Cardinal). x Green Cardinal (Red-crested C.). (To be concluded). ————++>— Editorial. NestinG Season: So far results have not been very encouraging, many first nests have been lost owing to the changeable weather of the early spring, possibly aided by the 144 Editorial. food difficulty. So far only a few brief notes have been sent in. The Marguis or Tavistock reports that he has voung Pileated, Barraband’s, and Indian Ring-neck Parrakeets in the nest. The Indian Ring-necks are from a hen lutino but all are green, as were some young Blossom-heads from lutino parents, which were accidentally crushed owing to the defective shape of nest-box. Stanley, Yellow-naped, and Queen Alexandra Parrakeets are incubating; the last named are not a model couple and their owner fears that, as the result of frequent disagreements the eggs will be infertile. Mr. H. E. Bricut reports both success and failure, but has the promise, at any rate, of a fairly successful season. Green Cardinals have reared two young birds the strongest of which disappeared after leaving the nest, the other, though very healthy otherwise, had deformed feet and had to be destroyed. Geoffry’s Doves have two young fully reared and flying strongly. Young Budgerigars are also fully reared. The following species are feeding young in the nest : — Peach-faced Lovebirds Long-tail Grassfinches Pope Cardinals Diamond Finches Zebra Finches Incubating clutches of eggs :— Masked (Cape) Doves Black-cheeked Lovebirds Diamond Doves | Cockateels Brush Bronze-wing Doves Green Cardinals Kked Mountain Doves Sydney Waxbills Yiolet Doves Most of the other pairs are nesting (some may have eggs); among which may be mentioned: Indian Bullfinches and Goldfinches, Olive Weavers, Red-headed Buntings, Bicheno’s, Ruficauda, Gouldian and Masked Finches. Hybrid Mannikins (reared last year) are paired up with a Chestnut-breasted Finch and a Magpie Mannikin, it remains to be seen whether they are fertile when paired back to species. In Mr. W. T. Pace’s aviaries Crimson Finches, Grey- winged Ouzels, and All-green Parrakeets failed to rear their first broods; all three pairs are now (June 8th) again closely incubating clutches of eggs. Cuckoos in May. 145 An odd Grey-winged Ouzel has mated with a hen Blackbird and a clutch of eggs (four, one of which has been broken) are being closely incubated. he Blackbird previous to laying was extremely wild and dashed about whenever the avairy was entered; now she still sits closely even when her nest is nearly approached. A Zebra Finch has mated with an aged Parson Finch and they are busy constructing a home. A pair of Indian Green-wing Doves will insist upon nesting on the floor of their shelter, as they did last year and failed to rear ,two eggs have been laid which soon disappeared. Further reports indicate that in various aviaries a fair number of young Budgerigars, Cockateels and Zebra Fiiches are on the wing. ee ae Cuckoos in May. THEIR SONG AND OFFSPRING. From a Correspondent Reprinted from ‘‘ The Times,” 2/v/18; cutting per Rev. G. H. Raynor, M.A.—Ep Cuckoos sing loudest and longest in May, when their full numbers have assem- bled in this country. and before their voices yet break and babble, except in moments of utmost excitement. May brings warmer twilights and earlier dawns ; and in districts where cuckoos are numerous, for human sleepers the hours when they do not sing are too few. There vociferation is often at its height in the early morn- ing, when, perched on some sloping bough of oak or elm, they will call 60 or 80 times without a break. And in these solitary hours, before man has arisen to claim his own, they draw much nearer to houses than they venture later in the day, Thick woods are not their favourite home, nor yet the dense green copses beloved ofthe nightingale. They prefer an open but well timbered pasture country ; and they are fond of the fringes of the moors, where the maybushes stand gnarled and few. Like many other birds, they provoke one another to sing in rivalry ; and six cuckoos in a parish make much more than six times the noise ofone. They have more than the usual incentive for such emulation, So far from the interference of cuckoos with other bird’s households being due to wanton naughtiness—as the older critics of their conduct generally assumed—it is closely bound up with a deep-seated misadjustment in their own affairs, Cocks outnumber hens among cuckoos by something like five or six to one ; and the fury of their shouting is an index of the rivalry induced by this disproportion So far as the inale cuckoo is concerned. he may be said to be an are dent champion o1 monogamy. He does his utmost to secure a single wife ; though it may be his fate to be restricted to a fifth or a sixth of one. Who can blame him 146 Cuckoos in May. if his voice soon grows strained and querulous, and he flits, before summer grows old from the scene of his blighted ideals ? All know the emulous cry of the male cuckoo ; but we have to listen more care fully for the compelling voice of his mate. It is a prolonged bubbling call, less loud than his own, and sounding as if she was imprisoned, like some genie, in a water- bottle. The call works on any male cuckoo within hearing with magical power. He follows it, cuckooing loudly, and at times lreaks from sheer excitement into harsh cackling notes which presage June. If asecond cuckoo answers the same call, he noise is trebled and quadrupled. It becomes a positive tumult of cuckooing and stammered cackle, stimulated anew by the bubbling cry of the hen, as soon as it showsany sign of dying down. The hen cuckoo solves all complicated questions of parentage by retiring from the post of parent. She cannot be said to be a model of the domestic virtues ; but she provides well for her young, in her own way, There is nothing to prevent her leaving eggs lying to becrushed turn or addle, like the sparrows’ and starlings’ eggs which we occasionally find on the tennis lawn. No doubt, if she did so, the species would become extinct ; but there would be nothing unprecedented én that. Unable to secure for her offspring the advantages of a respectable home in any other way, she places her eggs, one by one ina series of other birds’ nests. Instead of one- sixth of a mother, each cuckoo chick is thus ensured a whole one; and an absent father and irresponsible is exchanged for of the utmost attentiveness and affection If the hen cuckoo were to argue herself possessed by an exceptionally keen spirit of maternal devotion, it would be hard to refute her. Once she has transported her egg to the chosen titlark’s or hedge-sparrow’s nest— or whatever other species she may select—she feels her duty is complete. She bub- bles no more after May or early June, except in northern and upland districts where the whole scheme of nature is later. It is extremely rare for a cuckoo to show any interest in a young bird, either at its own or any other species. Cuckoo’s eggs are very small for the size of the bird ; for thy approximately counterfeit the eggs of the small birds which can be trusted to bring the young cuckoo its proper insect diet. The young cuckoo has thus to make its way in the worid at an abnormal pace. if it is to be fit to fly scuth in autumn. To attain this end an unusual capacity for self help must needs be combined with unusual powers of attraction; and the young cuckoo has both qualities in an extreme degree. Self help of no common order is shown when, on its second or third day, the soft, blind nestling turns its foster-broth” ers out of their nest by writhing beneath them and lifting them over the cdge with its hollow back. A Prussian virtue is applied with Prussian logic ; and if there are two young cuckoos in the same nest, the stronger throws out the weaker. Next comes into play the young cuckoo’s extraordinary power of exciting the affection of its foster-parents. Within the narrow limits of their intelligence—for birds pay no heed to their young shaken out of the nest, whether by a young cuckoo or agale—the measure ofa bird’s devotion in the nesting season is the extent of the needs of its young. The young cuckoo’s needsare enormous : and the old birds work to appease its appetite in a sort of ecstasy of service. This does not end when the expanding cuckoo has left, or rather burst, the nest. They will go on feeding it after it can fly, even if they can only reach its mouth by perching on its back, ee —ee 63.—MEXICAN ROSEFINCH. Mexican House Finch, Blood-stained Finch, Mexican Ruddy Finch. —— 70.—MOORISH HOUSE BUNTING. Sahara Bunting. — 72,—BLACK-THROATED BUNTING. American Black-throated B., Amer.- can B., ‘‘ Dickcissel ’? in America, 156 Species which have bred. 73.—SNOWBIRD. American Snowbird, Slate-coloured Bunting, Slate- col- oured Junco. ——— 74.—WHITE-CROWNED SONG-SPARROW. White-eyebrowed Song- Sparrow. ————— 75.—_CHINGOLO SONG-SPARROW. Pileated Song-Sparrow. eS 76.—INDIGO BUNTING. Indigo Blue Bird, Indigo Bird. a 77.—NONPAREIL. Nonpareil Bunting ; Painted Finch or Bunting (old ns.) a 78.—VARIED BUNTING. Varied Nonpareil, Many-coloured Nonpareil. ee ee 84.—RED-CRESTED CARDINAL. Grey Cardinal. EE ees Se: 86.—GREEN CARDINAL. Yellow Cardinal, Black-crested Cardinal. <> PLOCEIDA PIN-TAILED WHYDAH. Vidua serena (late principalis). W-T,P. Anningson, 1909 .fPage. See B.N., 1909, 257 and A.M. 1910, 254. <— 88.—PARADISE WHYDAH. Sieganura paradisea. Abroad. W.T.P. C. ‘* Has been bred in Germany.’’ A.G.B. i. 1869. <> 89.—LONG-TAILED WHYDAH. Duatropura progne. W.T.P. tst Teschemaker, 1909. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (3) i. 81. and B.N. 1909, 228. 87. < 90.—RED-COLLARED WHYDAH. Coliostruthus ardens. W.T.P. Ist Anningson, 1909. See B.N., 1909, 257. A recent account, (Shore Baily) see B.N. 1915, 239. Hysribs. x Red-collared Whydah (Crimson-crowned Bishop). — WHITE-WINGED WHYDAH. Coliostruthus albonotata. Teschemaker, 1915. See B.N. 1915, 261. Abroad W.T.P. C. 1st Schrodter +Russ. it Ne 92.—_JACKSON’S WHYDAH. Drepanoplectes jacksoni. 1st Shore Baily, 1916. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1916 211. eRe et 93.—COMBASOU. Hypochera chalybeata. 30yd, B.N. 1914, 338. “‘ one young reared by Cordon Bleus.”’ Abroad. W.T.P. C. 1st Tittel 7Russ. Also bred by Russ fRuss 91. Since the above list was compiled I have come across a note by Mr. Teschemaker in A.M, 1910 (p. 89) that he has been informed that the SHAFT Species which have bred. 157 TAILED WHYDAH (T. regia) and the RED-SHOULDERED (U. azxil- laris) have been bred abroad, the first by a German residing in Sydney, the second in Germany. In his informant’s list are also included S. paradicea, C. albonotata and H. ultramarina; of these, the first two are already entered in my record, while the last may refer to the Common COMBASOU, as that has been often called the ‘‘ Ultramarine Finch.”’ but only the other name mav make a new record for the ULTRAMARINE COMBASOU (H. ultramarina, ——__>—_—_. 94.—_CRIMSON-CROWNED BISHOP. Pyromelana flammiceps. Abroad. ist Russ +Russ. Hysribs. CRIMSON-CROWNED BISHOP x RED-COLLARED WHYDAH. Shore Baily, 1916. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N., 1916, 237 and the Feb inset, 1917. sl 95.—_BLACK-BELLIED BISHOP. P. nigriventris. Abroad. 1st Schrodter Russ. <> 96.—GRENADIER BISHOP. ?. orix. W.T.P. tst Shore Baily, 1915. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1915, 261, 295 Abroad. Ist Russ jRuss. “‘ Easily bred’’ (Russ). 98.—KAFFIR FINCH. P. capensis. Abroad. W.T.P. C. “ According to Russ is the easiest of all the Fre Weavers to persuade to breed in captivity.’ A.G.B. i. 193. a 99.—TAHA BISHOP. P. tala. ist. De Quincey, 1912. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1912, 338. 1x. 100.—NAPOLEON BISHOP. P. afra. W.T.P. 1st Poltimore, 1912. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1912, 328. Abroad. ist Russ 7Russ. <> 101.—POKERHEAD WEAVER. Quelea erythrops. Abroad. Ist Russ 7Russ. Se ee 102.—RED-BILLED WEAVER. 0. quelea. W.T.P. Abroad. Successfully bred in Germany. ¢A.G.B. i. 196. (To be continued), 158 Parrots. Parrots. By W. SHore_ BAILy. (Continued from page 138). THE YELLOW-HEADED CONURE (C. jendaya) is, in my opinion, the handsomest of the species. I have a delightfully tame specimen, with which I can do anything. It is, for a bird, extraordinarily affectionate. 1 am uncertain of its sex, but am inclined to think that it isa male. A second bird that I recently obtained to go with it, differs considerabiy in colour. My tame bird has an all yellow head, whilst the newcomer has a patch of orange-red round the eyes and also on the cheeks. It is also less bright in general body colour. They are quite friendly with each other, and as | shall give them an aviary to themselves they will have every opportunity of nesting if they feel so inclined. This completes the list of the Conures that I have kept but I ought perhaps to mention here a pair of their near cous ins, the LirrLE or SEVERE Macaw (Ara severa). These are a very fine pair of birds, and are very tame. Their dangerous looking beaks make one afraid of handling them, although I have no doubt that with a little care it would be safe to do so. They are exactly alike, but I can of course easily distinguish one from the other by the difference in their expressions, just as a shepherd can tell his sheep. Although they have had an aviary to themselves for some years now, they have made no attempt at nesting. I occasionally see them playing about in their nesting- barrels, but | am rather afraid that they are both of the same sex THE SPECKLED OR CUBAN CONURE (C. euops). This is a handsome bird that looks at its best when flying in a large natural aviary, at which times the brilliant scarlet of its under wing coverts shows to great advantage. I kept a pair of these birds for nearly three years, but they made no attempt at nest- ing. Nor have I heard of any one else having any success wit!) them. My pair were constantly kissing and preening, and often spent considerable time in their nesting box, but nothing came of it. The bird I thought to be a male was more heavily splashed about the head and neck with red than was the female. 1 was unable to note any difference in the shape of the beak. A capital Parrots. 159 coloured plate of the two of these Parrakeets appeared in B.N.., Vol. v., new series. Another large Parrot not infrequently kept by our mem- bers in the Australian Rosg-BREASTED Cockatoo (Cacatua roset- capilla). They are very handsome birds in an aviary, but are persistent screamers, and I found mine very destructive to woodwork. Mine did not nest, but I don’t think that I kept them long enough. I found them absolutely indifferent to cold, and have many times seen their backs covered with snow, when they have gone to roost outside. The sexes can be distinguished by the difference in the colour of their eyes. Another interesting group is that of the genus Kroto- gerys, These all make charming aviary pets. Here again the sexing question is a most difficult one, as there is no visible dif- ference in the plumage of the sexes. Tue ALL-GREEN ParraKkEET (Brotogerys tirica) is about the commonest, and has been bred in captivity. My hen did not live very long, and I cannot now remember whether it differed in any way from its mate. I was not particularly interested in the species and did not trouble to replace it. THE CANARY-WING PARRAKEET (B. chiriri) is a most charming little bird, its bright yellow-wing coverts contrasting prettily with the rich green of the rest of its plumage. I kept a pair of these birds for a considerable time, but although they were on very good terms with each other, they made no attempt to nest. Dr. Butler tells us that the female has a narrower beak than the male, and without the laternal angle at the end of the cutting edge of upper mandible, when viewed from above. I could see no difference in mine, atlhough I wasted a good deal of time in examining them. One that died proved to be a male. THe WaitE-WinG ParRRAKEET (B. virescens) is a much commoner bird, and is frequently sold as the Canary-wing. It differs in being of a more olive green body colour, and in having the bastard wing, and some of the flights white, the greater coverts only being yellow. I have had several pairs of these little parrots, but failed to get any of them to nest. I found this species delicate, as I lost several from pneumonia through turn 160 Parrots. ing them into outdoor aviaries too early in the season. Dr. Butler describes the female as having a thicker beak, witb less defined culmen, and without the defined angle at the end of the cutting edge of the upper mandible, as viewed from above. My first pair were of the thin narrow-beaked variety, and although they kissed and caressed each other and roosted in the nest box together, they did not lay. My second pair were of exactly the same type, and although one of these, as I was assured, had laid eggs in a cage, they did nothing with me. At last I secured a pair, one of which was of the thick-billed type, described by Dr. Butler as that of the female. Alas! this bird, whatever its sex may have been, proved a perfect little demon, and after it had murdered two of the others, I disposed of it and the survivors. Two that were post mortemed proved to be males. Tue Tovr Parrakeet (5. jugularis) I have had two specimens only, and I believe them both to have been males. At any rate one of them mated up with a hen Ringneck and she laid and incubated a nest of eggs for him, whilst he most care- fully guarded the nest. Nothing, however, came of this liason much to my regret. THe Tur ParraKeet (B. tui) is avery charming little bird, about the size of the Madagascar Lovebird, and of whict I think that there are two quite distinct species. Dr. Butler tells us that the hen differs from the cock by having no yellow streak behind the eye, and by having a narrower and shorter beak than the male. Now the first pair that I possessed were both adorned with the yellow eyebrow streak, and to all appear- ance were a true pair. If one was removed, the other was incon- solable, and they were altogether the most loving little parra- keets that I have kept. However, no eggs were laid, so 1 determined to try and procure one without the eyebrow streak. At last I succeeded in getting one, from one of our lady members, who assured me that this bird had laid eggs in a cage. On arrival I found that it was a slightly larger bird than either of my own; that its irides were white instead of brown, and that its beak was of a darker shade. When introduced to the others they would have nothing to do with it. Sometime afterwards I was at a large London dealer’s and there saw two pairs in fipwg aLoys *SMLOB M %0Ud W a19AIG ‘Ajwg a woug 4 ‘SPAIQeAoTT poorzpery M0104 ‘SALON Guid Parrots. 161 different cages. One pair had the yellow eyebrow streak and brown eyes, and the other pair no eyebrow streak and white eyes. I called the dealer’s attention to the fact that he had two males in one cage and two females in the other, and he assured me that this was not the case, as they were true pairs, and he had seen mating taking place, and that the lack of the yellow eyebrow streak was due to immaturity. Since then my pair have started to fight like demons, and I am now most strongly of the opinion that the dealer was right and that there are two distinct varieties. (Our member, Mrs. Burgess, has one of these little birds without the eyebrow streak mated to a hen Budgeri- gar, and I think that this is another proof that this mark has nothing to do with sex distinction. One of Mrs. Burgess’s birds that recently died in her possession, and which was without the eyebrow streak, was proved on dissection to be a male, whilst another that I submitted to a similar examination was found to be a hen! ! LOVEBLIRDS. THE BLUE-WINGED LovesirD (Psittacula passerina) is another delightful little parrakeet, and one which looks prettiest in an outdoor aviary where its blue wings and rump look gor- geous when in flight. Once acclimatized this is a hardy bird, and I have kept them out of doors throughout the winter. I have had a nest of young ones, but the cock died just when the young ones were ready to leave the nest, andthe hen then deserted them. They have quite frequently bred in other aviaries. . Tue GUIANA PaRROTLET (P. giianensis) is a much rarer bird. I found it delicate, my specimens only living a few months. It differs from P. passerina by having the back and rump green instead of blue. Tur Mapacascar Lovestrp (A gapornis cana) is another pretty little parrot, and it is sometimes to be purchased for as little as 2s. 6d. per pair. It will breed freely in the aviary, but I did not find the young ones that I reared very hardy, although some of them lived a year or two. They nearly all suffered from a species of asthma. If this bird was more highly priced, it would probably be valued by aviculturists, as the contrast in the 162 Parrots. plumage of the sexes is so striking. I found my birds peaceable with small birds, although I believe that this is not a general experience. Tue RED-HEADED Lovesirp (A. pullaria) is to my mind the prettiest of all the little parrakeets. It is, however, rather delicate, being subject to cerebral hemorrhage brought on, I think, by fright. I have lost two or three from this cause. It has nested with me, but unsuccessfully. I do not think that it has been bred in this country. Young Blackcheeks. Photo W. Shore Baily. Tue BLACK-CHEEKED LovestrD (A. nigrigenis) is prob- ably, in captivity, the freest breeder of any of the family, but here again the sex problem is a difficult one, and although | have bred some scores of young I am quite unable to pick out the sexes. The late Mr. Mathias claimed that he could do so by noting the difference in the colour of the eyes, but I think that, with these and many of the other birds mentioned in these notes, the only reliable way of determining their sex is to hold a post mortem upon their bodies, and this of course would be of little use to the aviculturist who wishes to breed from them. First Notes of the Season. 163 First Notes of the Season. By H. E. Bricut. At the Editor’s request I am jotting down a few notes of the early happenings in my aviaries, in the hope that they may interest fellow members. Quite early in the year the birds began to get busv and there were, to me, many very interesting nests, and also cross matings, mostly with odd birds. Alas! like many of the prom- ises of Spring, very few have matured, and, in the majority of instances all first clutches failed, but there were one or twe bright exceptions. After being housed indoors for the winter months the birds were turned into their respective summer quarters, 11. which they soon showed by their demeanour that the ** time o! the singing of birds was come,‘ and apparently settled down to their business in life—contention, buoyant joyousness, and re- producing their kiud. Speedily my groups of /ringillidac and Ploceidae were mated and busy seeking nesting sites or building their interesting homes of hay, fibre, etc. Among those of all groups so engaged I may enumerate the following: Green, Pope, and Red-crested Cardinals; Long-tailed Grassfinches; Zebra and Diamond Finches; Budgerigars; Cock- Long-tailed Grassfinch, 164 First Notes of the Season. ateels; Black-cheeked and Peach-faced Lovebirds; Sydney Waxbills; Masked, Diamond, Red-Mountain, Violet, Geoff: roy’s, and Brush Bronze-wing Doves, Indian Bullfinches, and Goldfinches; Red-headed Buntings, Bicheno’s, Ruficauda, Gouldian, and Masked Finches; besides several interesting cross-matings, of which more later. Very many of the above were soon busy, either incubating a clutch of eggs or feeding young in the nest, and though the actual results fall far beyond the hopes raised by their apparent earnestness and energy, yet one cannot see so much of the little life histories of a varied col- lection of birds without being greatly fascinated and perma- nently interested in their doings, however little they may interest others. All the above promise and energy has only resulted, to date (June 24th), in the following successes (i.e. young birds on the wing except where otherwise stated) : Long-tailed Grassfinches (Poephila acuticauda). 10 Zebra Finches (Tacniopygia castanotis) from three nests. 1 Green Cardinal (Gubernatrix cristatus ). 1 Pope Cardinal (Paroaria larvata). 4 Geoflroy’s Doves (Peristera geoffroyi), three of which are cocks. These are really beautiful doves, comparatively small and good breeders in an outdoor aviary. The cock is a beautiful light grey with three purple bars; the hen a pretty brown with three bars. Two more young in the nest. 1 Red-Mountain Dove (Geotrygon montana). Diamond (Geopelia cuneata) and 1 Masked Doves (Oena capensis) on the wing. Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), quite a number on the wing. bo A few remarks on the demeanour of the birds may be more interesting than the table of actual results. DOVES :— Tue Georrroy’s Doves did not agree with a pair of Peaceful Doves, but are at present in company with pairs of Violet, Green-wing, Masked, Diamond, Red-Mountain, and an odd Bleeding-heart. The other pairs are all breeding, gei- ting on well, and young should duly appear. ‘aAOq puotwIeId PION AL “HE 04g 7 = ~ 8 ‘SULON Gul First Notes of the Season. 165 In another aviary a pair each of Diamond (Geopeliz cun eata) and Masked Doves spoiled their first two nests by conten- tion and almost continuous sparring, though these two pairs dwelt together in harmony and bred in the same aviary last season. They have, however, settled their differences, and both pairs are now feeding young in the nest. The Masked (Oena capensis) built their nest right on the top of a clipped holly, absolutely unprotected, yet though we have had very cold. windy, wet weather, the nest was nearly blown out of the tree one night, they are still alive and almost ready to fly. This particular pair of Masked are very light in colour and much stronger than the smaller and darker pair in another aviary. VioLtet Doves (Leptoptila jamaicensis) have behaved badly so far, and neglected and lost their callow young in the first two nests. I found one just dead yesterday; it had been fed and was a few days old, but had slipped down, out of sight, between the sticks of a looselv made nest. BrusH BRONZE-WINGED Doves (Phaps elegans), also allowed their first two nests of young to die. It is wonderful how quickly doves recover. I found the hen of this pair hang- ing by her leg, which was badly broken and bleeding. 1 put it in splints and kept her quiet; in a fortnight she could walk; in a month she was practically all right, and to-day there is no trace of any injury. Rep-Mountain Doves (Geotrygon montana) have one youngster reared; the other pair laid, but broke their eggs, and have not laid since. Their nests have been built entirely of laurel leaves. I have never seen any doves that grow so quickly as does this species. SMALL BIRDS:— SypDNEY WaxBILLs (Aegintha temporalis) are a charming and prettily coloured species. Three pairs have nested, laid. and are sitting closely. I feel sure one or more of the pairs have young in the nest. Since writing the above, four young birds have left the nest. BrcHENO’s Fincues (Stictoptera bichenovi) are incubat- ing, and, I think, one pair have young, 166 First Notes of the Season. D1amonD Frncues (Steganopleura guttata) have young in the nest, but I do not know if one or two pairs had young. Yesterday, a very wet morning, I found one young one drowned in the bath. Goutpt1an Fincues (Peophila gouldiae), of which I have three pairs, are behaving in the same manner as last year, when three pairs nested, but only one youngster was reared. They are coming through a good moult and just beginning to get lively, and one pair are nesting. Himatayan R. H. BuLirincuEes (Pyrrhula erythroce phala) have been quiet and unenergetic, but are now beginning to show signs of definite nesting. They first nested (and hatched) about this time of the year last season. Parrot Fincues (Erythrura psittacea). I am afraid my two birds are both cocks. They are in perfect condition, but have only played at nest building. YELLOW-RUMPED MANNIKINS (Mumia flaviprymna) ar2 building. A Chestnut-breasted (M. castaneithorax) is sitting, paired to a last year’s Chestnut-breasted x Silverbill hybrid These hybrids have turned out very pretty birds; something like a large Silverbill with black bibs and crimson tails. Java Sparrows (Munia orysivora). One pair have just moulted and seem to be nesting in a box. Linep Fincnes (Spermophila pineola) are very pretty birds, and have finely contrasting plumage, principally glisten- ing black and white. They are a retiring species, keeping amid the foliage, and I do not often see them. Ruricaupa Frncnes (Bathilda ruficauda) promised well, but cold wet weather succeeded the hot spell, and both my hens died—they were nesting! MAsKED GRASSFINCHES (Poephila personata). A pair of this species are incubating. Pairs each of GotprincHes (Carduelis elegans) and PULLFINCHES (Pyrrhula europaea) have young nearly reared, First Notes of the Season. 167 YeLLow Buntincs (Emberisa citrinella). My pair of this handsome indigenoiis species are sitting. They fought badly with a pair of Red-headed Finches (Amadina erythroce- phala), which were nesting and drove them away. They have now quite settled down, I tried two cock Crrt Buntines (E. cirlus) with hens Golden-breasted Cape Bunting in two of my outdoor aviaries, but neither pair appear to be inclined to mate. 30th the hens have built and laid eggs in previous years without mates CARDINALS: Green and Pope Cardinals, as already stated, have fully reared one young bird each. Having odd birds I put together a Virginian cock with a Red-crested Grey hen, but she would not look at the Virginian and fought with the Pope Cardinals, through the wire-netting in the next aviary. A pair of Red-crests (Paroaria cucullata) are nesting My pair of Olive Weavers are slowly making a nest of long fine grass, I find them quiet and orderly in the aviary, 168 Endurance of Birds. though of largish size and with rather formidable beaks. ETCETERAS : My cock Bruce Rosin (Sialia sialis) looks lovely, but, alas! I cannot get a mate for him. Can any member loan or sell me a hen? CocxatEELs (Calopsittacus novae-hollandiae) have young in the nest, and there are a number of young Budgerigars about. Cockateel 9 photo E. O. Page. Both Preacu-FaceD (A gapornis roseicollis) and Btacx- CHEEKED Lovesirps (A. nigrigenis) failed to hatch out their first clutches, but are nesting again. My Btuve Jays also look lovely, and have done som? des- ultory building, but have not reached the egg stage yet. A few odd birds, such as Magpie Mannikins, and Tri- color x Bengalese hybrids about complete my list and notes to date, but every day brings some slight change. re | Endurance of Birds. 169 The Endurance of Birds. By WEsLEy T. Pace, F.Z.S., ETC. (Continued from page 132). Jacarint Fincn (Volatinia jacarini). This charming species is very hardy, but on wet clay soils it is best taken indoors during a really wet winter. The male has a refulgent garment of blue-black relieved with a pure white patch on each shoulder. The hen is earthy-brown, striated with darker brown, after the pattern of a linnet. In a roomy aviary they are taking birds indeed, full of vivacity and energy, frequently ‘‘in the picture,’’ darting in and out of leafy cover, perching moment- arily on the end of some twiggy branch, then darting off after some passing fly; they are very excitable, yet amiable birds, and most entertaining whatever the conditions they are viewed under. The nest is usually placed low down, at the foot of a bush if there be tall grass growing there, if not one to two feet above the ground. Once a bush is decided upon as a site for the nest the male will allow no other bird to rest in the lower part of the bush but savagely drives off all comers, even though they be twice his size. At this time they become very secretive in their movements and reach the nest by a roundabout way. sneaking thereto through the undergrowth. If a plentiful sup- ply of insects can be maintained any young hatched out are usually reared, and if the aviary be natural and roomy they will forage for insects from morning till night, needing only a few mealworms, gentles, or live ants’ cocoons to ensure the successful rearing of the young. When not feeding young they will do perfectly well ou canary and white millet, greenfood, and an occasional insect. The greatest obstacle to the breeding of this interesting species is the paucity of females, as but few of these are imported. In these war times with the cessation of importation of live birds, but few of these interesting birds are to be found in English aviaries, and I much doubt if a single female remains alive, 170 Endurance of Birds. Crimson Fincn (Neochmia phaecton). This beautiful finch adorns any aviary and collection, however select. ee Besides its well known popular name ‘‘ Crimson Finch ” it is also known as the Australian Firefinch, and Australian Fire-tailed Finch, but these names are seldom used in this country. The general colouration of the male is crimson, spotted with white on the sides of the body; the crown and back of the neck are dark slate-colour, and the back reddish-brown. It is of very elegant shape with a long drooping tail. The hen rufous-brown, with the sides of face crimson. They are somewhat delicate when first imported, but when once acclimatised are very hardy. They are seed-eaters, and require canary, white and Indian millet seeds and green food, with an occasional insect, but 1n a garden aviary the latter need not be supplied except when they are feeding young, when the supply should be ample They are ready enough to go to nest, but they are not prolific breeders, will nest several times in the season but seldom rear any young, usually throwing out their young when a day or two old, and then going to nest again. A pair in one of my aviaries, which have been out of doors for the past two winters, acted in this manner last year, and have already had two useless clutches this season, and have just hatched out their third brood, which from their behaviour there appears to be just a chance they may rear—I certainly hope so. They have an unenviable reputation for murderous pug- nacity, but I must speak of them as I find them, and in my large aviary (40 feet x 30 feet—8 feet to 10 feet high), with plenty of natural cover they have given no trouble whatever. However, there is no doubt whatever but that these exquisite birds are really dangerous in a mixed collection if space be at all limited. Cusan Fincu (Phonipara canora). Another very beautifui species, thick set, but very shapely nevertheless, and in some aviaries quite a prolific breeder. About the size of a Blue Tit, of stout build and has a short tail. Birdroom Notes. 171 In the breeding season some males, in spite of their small size, become very pugnacious, and are a nuisance and source of continuous disturbance to their fellow captives, sometimes worse—harrying and maltreating bisds double their size; other individuals are very amiable. Rather delicate when first imported, but after a few months in this country are hardy and enduring. The cock is mainly olive-green; fore-crown slaty; face mask black; commencing just above the eyes a band of golden yellow extends down the sides of the neck and across the lower throat, where it is bordered by a black band which merges into the green of the under parts. The female is similar, but easilv distinguished from her mate; she has no slaty patch on the fore- crown; the yellow band is less intense, and her face mask is brown; she also lacks the black border to the yellow band across the throat. It builds a spherical nest of the typical Weaving Finch type, with a circular opening at the front, and in my aviary had the habit of fastening leaves over the top during wet weather, allowing them to extend over the entrance, as a sort of porch, very effectively throwing off the rain. The young are reared on seed, greenfood and insects. Though they need to be kept under close observation till their temper is thoroughly well known, they are an acquisition to any collection, and form an attractive feature to any aviary. Oxtve Frncn (Phonipara lepida). A closely allied species, slenderly built and a very graceful bird. The general colour is dark olive-green, with a small streak of orange above and below the eyes, and a small bib of the same colour. Similar in demeanour and general characteristics as the preceding species and quite as ready to go to nest, but a little | less ready to rear its young, though it is not by any means a difficult species to breed. A fairly liberal supply of live insects | is essential for the successful rearing of the young. It is a hardy species, once it has past the first few weeks following importation. | (To be continued), 172 A Nursery of Buzzards. Birdroom Notes. By IsaBELLA WILSON. Concluded from page 148). Reprinted from “ B.N.,’’ vol. 1., page 325. Numbers of young Green Budgerigars have hatched this year in my bird-room, but my last nest, containing the extra- ordinary number of seven young, were all but one killed by the hen bird. It cost me some careful watching to find her out—i then had her caught and killed without any delay. The cock bird fed the remaining young one most carefully, and it is now a strong bird. What satisfactory birds Grey Java Sparrows are in an aviary! They are always in perfect feather, and never dull. I have five Javas flying with the rest of the birds, and yet all is peace. They are full of mischief, and have picked a hole in the bird-room wall, deep enough for them to sit in. I am sorry to say that though a pair, of the five, had a nest this season with young, they starved them to death; the young birds were nearly ready to fly, and in a few days would have been able to do for themselves. Nothing ever happens to the birds of the grey variety, but the White Javas (which are, I believe, a kind of artificial produc- tion), always appear to be in some kind of trouble: my last pair were drowned. I have always understood that they, the White, were easy to breed, but mine showed no inclination to do so. Wonderful bad luck attends my endeavours to breed Cockateels; four hens have died one after the other, leaving the cocks in robust health. My four hens all came from different places, so I cannot account for the mortality. Two out of the four had eges with young in them, and the parents were sitting, as I thought, steadily. Ido not think any buta really patient person should attempt bird breeding, British or foreign. It is the unexpected that so often happens, the unexpected being the loss, five times out of six, of a nest of birds to all appearances so flourishing that success seems certain. When I say “ to all appearances ” I do not mean that I ever see my young birds in their nests: | judge by the coming and going of the parent birds. It is only when I feel a conviction that something has gone wrong, that I ever look inside a nest. And it is impossible to do any good by interference, <—— oo 4 Nursery of Buzzards. 173 My Ribbon Finches had a nest, and the first I knew of it was seeing these young birds sitting on a branch and crying to be fed. 44 A Nursery of Buzzards. Reprinted from‘ The Times,” 28. v. 18.; cutting per Rev. G. H. Raynor, M.A.—Ed. From A CORRESPONDENT. * Rare Birps at Home: Natural history books still speak of the common buzzard, as though it were one of the familiar objects of the country, but in the experience of most people the epithet has a satiricai sound. Whatever the buzzard may have been in times past, he is far from common now. Game-preservers have persecuted him and driven him from his old breeding haunts, and what the game-keeper began the professional egg-collector has zealously continued. Let the eggs of any British bird once become entitled to the positive label of rare and they quickly progress, through the comparative very rare, towards the super- lative extinct. The kite, as a breeding species, trembles on the verge of this last, the buzzard is, perhaps, to be generally classified as Grade 2. n “ “Tn some parts of mid-Wales ,however, the buzzard holds his own, and even shows signs of increasing in numbers, but those who have the secret of a buzzard’s nursery are wise.y chary of imparting their know- ledge to a greedy and rapacious world. Hence the present writer does not intend to advertise the locality where he spent a day last week “In a wilderness of rounded hills, bright olive green now with the young leaves of whinberry, there lies a certain deep and narrow valley On one side the native rock crops out in a series of bold crags, so hot and sun-baked that, though they are a refuge for the coneys, the more meditative coneys must sometimes think of roast rabbit. From the foot of the rocks a moraine of slaty detritus slopes steeply to a little moun tain stream that foams down a succession of mimic waterfalls, through “cushions of mossy saxifrage and delicate fringes of Cystopteris fragilis “The place is a solitude given up to the mountain-sheep and the bees in “the whinberry blossom. “The valley is practically treeless, but, at one point where a smail “tributary runs down to the main stream, the hill-side on the left opens “unexpectedly and discloses a sheltered hollow, of considerable size, which “has once been planted with larch. This experiment in forestry has not “proved a sitccess, for not more than some 30 trees have survived, an “they are never likely to be worth felling as timber. They slope at odd “e 74 A Nursery of Buszards. angles, and are much gnarled and twisted, though now their deformity is concealed by a veil of freshest green. Cuckoos call vigorously from among them, each cuckoo attended by a pair of indignant titlarks, pos- sibly foster-parents of the very bird who rouses their anger to-day. -» wheatear, perched on a dead twig, joins in the scolding, at sight of human intruders, but no other bird-life is apparent till a swiftly moy- ing shadow passes over the bare hill-side. It is cast by a buzzard, soaring by with broad wings almost motionless that bend upwards at the tips in a singular way. His back is rich brown, but, as he banks, to use the language of the aerodrome, the May sunlight glitters upon the white markings of his breast and under-side, and he floats on the air as lightly and easily as a fritillary butterfly sails down a sunny glade. ** Presently he is joined by: his mate, alike in colour, but much larger in size, and the two begin to mew and cry to one another like seagulls. Often they rise to great heights ,and hang suspended, as kestrels might, and then circle round again, never approaching very close, but betraying their anxiety by every movement. “The reason for it is soon apparent. In one of the larch-trees there is a large nest, that looks from beneath like that of a carrion crow. The tree is not difficult to climb, though the young companion encounters a jagged spike, with disastrous results to his trousers, and the nest is soon “reached. It is solidly built of sticks and stems of dry bracken, an: con tains two young buzzards, thickly clad in down that is pale grey, almost white, with a shade of pink, and between them lies an unhatched egg that is just chipped and about to liberate a third. Small sprays of freshiy plucked larch have been arranged neatly round the nest—buzzards alway: indulge in this decorative habit—and the larder is well stocked. Ther: are the bodies of two voles, a shrew-mouse, a young rabbit, and che skir of another, but—game preservers please note—no trace of feather or of any winged prey. The baby buzzards are attractive little creatures with dark eyes and beaks and bright yellow ceres, and, at present, while the» assist to keep their unhatched brother warm, the nest is a niccure of peaceful content. It will not be so for long. “A dark mystery in the buzzard’s domestic economy has recenth been elucidated by the camera. Buzzards usually Isy three ege., but seldom rear more than two young, and frequently only one. Since the old birds begin to sit as soon as the first egg is laid, the young are hatched at intervals of several days, and, being naturally fierce and vora cious, carry out in practice the yarn of the Nancy Bell. The weakest is eaten first, the next in size follows, till the one survivor literally repi+ sents in himself the whole family. The writer possesses a photograph, taken in South Wales, of this fraticidal scene in progress, and it, no doubt, provides a third reason why the common buzzard so belies his name.’’ 60d “0 0d ‘T “ON ‘Adela p isosie'y] ‘SHLON GUI All Rights Reserved. Aucust, 1918 BIRD NOTES: —— THE —— JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. My Latest Aviaries and the Difficulties of War- time Construction. By WESLEY. PAGE, E.Z.S., ETC. It has been suggested to me that, with so many of our contributors serving with the colours, and a consequent shortage of copy, I should illustrate and describe the aviaries I put up afteremoving to Lingfield, and I am complying with the request, though personally, I greatly wish some other pen than mine had undertaken the task. The aviaries are not yet as complete as I had hoped to make them, neither are they quite what I intended on arrival here, but several things forced a modification of my plans, viz: shortage and costliness of material and the scarcity of labour. This necessitated much delay in the beginning, and compelled me merely to remodel and slightly increase the aviaries T brought with me from Mitcham, and forcing me to use timber. that under happier conditions I should have put aside as firewood. I was not even able to take all the wood out of the old aviaries that had began to decay. However, by cutting up the old shelter into sections I was able to contrive a_ really serviceable shelter for my large aviary (No. 4), and to utilise three small outhouses as the shelters of the three smaller aviaries (Nos. I, 2, and 3), but much labour was involved in getting an erection that would not be an eyesore to the garden, for here the aviaries must be in close proximity to the lawn and house. But I was repaid fully in the end by an erection which fits into its surroundings, and adds to, rather than mars, the general garden effect. I was compelled to erect myself with such aid as my brother could give me at week ends and holiday periods—the only hired labour I was able to get was the local 176 My Latest Aviaries, etc. builder to do the concreting of shelter floors, a little lime- washing and tarring; so that it is not surprising that eighteen months were occupied in erection and fitting up, as I could not by any means devote my whole time to it—the worst part of all was, perhaps, the excavation of the foundations and the getting of corrugated iron sheeting, two feet into the ground all round the flight, and though in the end this was. satisfactorily accomplished, I never want to undertake such a task again. The ground I was able to spare for the aviaries is about one fifth of the open space of my garden and the putting up of the aviaries involved much alteration of the garden arrangement, and to save the plants, etc., the two jobs had to proceed concurrently, and one had to pause in aviary construction to make good borders, etc. I had a piece of ground available about eighty feet lone by thirty-five feet wide, independent of the aforementioned outhouses, which, after careful consideration, I decided to utilise as shown on the Ground Plan. I finally decided to use natural wood with the bark left on for all framing standards, and, after much delay, secured a quantity of chestnut and oak, varying from 5 inches to 7 inches in diameter. After cutting these to proper length I stripped the bark off the portion that had to be sunk into the ground, and well soaked them in creosote ,and after procuring about 1,000 feet of 2in, by 2in. quartering and giving this two coats of creosote, I was ready to make a start on actual erection. Again I had carefully to consider matters, for there was a need to provide some accommodation for the remnants of my Mitcham collection of birds by a given date, and I finally decided to put up the three small aviaries first for this purpose, as I proposed using three standing outhouses, eacn 8 feet x 8 feet and 6 feet high, as shelters. Then I was faced with another problem—rats were continuously about the garden and in the outhouses, and the putting of corrugated iron sheets into the eround was not sufficient protection for this trio of aviaries. I came to the conclusion that nothing short of putting small mesh wire-netting under the whole area (360 sup. feet) of the flights War son 499 9 «F YP25 0} GOAT NW 1d GNNOYD Bsno4Uus3sLy BxXD 3 *3 8 %B AYPP4S £4)346 LADITI LHIITZ 1°ON P Age OW TiO Sued PATH GAR DEN ° so * or AHO 74 t ON PRR AR AN RN Ren se ws Peiverand Thern Hudgu Sarre GARDEN OF G1 AY)3YS My Latest Aviaries, etc. 177 would meet the case. I will not linger over the description of this part of my task; I did not enjoy it, but in the end it was accomplished—the ground was dug out and wire-netting laid down 12 inches below the ground level, carefully woven together and connected up to the flight framing and outhouse fronts, and the earth thrown in again—the netting was placed at this depth below ground to allow of the free planting of bushes on top of same, and to save labour I did the planting before filling in. simply placed the bushes in position and threw in the earth around them. With this introduction and some indication of the difficulties occasioned by war-time, I need only describe the aviaries ,and this is partly done by the Ground Plan and photos illustrating these notes. AVTARIES I, 2, AND 3.—I need only remark that I got the skeleton framing up and the netting stretched in due course, and then had the local builder in to clean down and lime-wash the outhouses and concrete the floors. In the first instance I merely used these aviaries as temporary accommodation for the birds I had retained from my Mitcham collection, but IT will describe the aviaries as they are now with their present occupants. I had better add here that in spite of all my care the rats got in and IT suffered serious loss before their entry was discovered—the brutes burrowed under eight feet of concrete till pulled up by the wire netting, then ate their way up through the interior posts, which went into the ground below the netting of flights and concrete floors of shelter. I had to cut through these posts just above ground level, hack out the portion sunk into the ground, filling in the holes with cement containing a good portion of broken glass, and I have not been troubled with these pests since. GUIDE TO GROUND PLAN. Drawn to scale of quarter-inch to the foot, but reduced one-eighth in reproduction. = [Indicates framing and internal standards. Dot-shaded areas indicate gravel. Trregularly drawn circles indicate position of shrubs and trees. Irregularly drawn ovals indicate clumps of green and golden privet, willow herb, raspberry canes, etc, 178 My Latest Aviaries, etc. The pergola between the aviaries is 6 feet wide, and along the aviary fronts is a narrow border of alpine plants, with a variety of rambler roses, which are already making good growth, and by this time next year, all the woodwork of flight framing will be wreathed with roses. The flower-borders along aviary sides are planted with bulbs and herbaceous plants, which give a continuous show of bloom from February till mid-December. NO. 1. AVIARY.—The shelter 8 feet x 8 feet and 6 feet high has an open doorway (no door), but, though facing north it is well sheltered, and the mortality among a mixed series of Fringillidae and Ploceidae was very low during the winter of 1917-8. In early spring all these were transferred to No. 4 Aviary, and this aviary now contains a cock Himalayan Grey-winged Ouzel (Merula boulboul), a hen Blackbird (Merula merula)—these mated, and a clutch of four greenish-blue eggs were laid, but deserted after five or six days’ incubation; the eges were thickly, but obscurely, marked with reddish—a cock Chaffinch (Fingilla coclebs), and a Bank Mynah (Acridotheres ginginianus ). The flight, 12 feet square, is planted, and contains two golden privet bushes, a cupressus, small-leaved berberis, and Japanese honeysuckle; the herbage consists of coarse grasses, indigenous weeds, meadow sweet and wild geums. When “ the times ”’ permit, this promises to make a useful aviary for six pairs of birds of finch size. NO. 2 AVIARY.—The shelter is similar to that of No. 1 in every respect, except that the small window is in the back. This flight is only 12 feet x 8 feet and 6 feet high, and being intended for parrakeets was not planted; the ground herbage consists of nettles, grasses, various weeds and cereals. It contains, at the present time, 1 pair Red Rosella Parrakeets, 1 pair Cockateels and a cock Blue-bred Green Budgerigar. NO. 3 AVIARY.—Shelter similar to the preceding, but it contains no window, although the open doorway admits ample light. The flight, 11 feet x 12 feet, is treated similarly to No. 2. Its present occupants are pairs of Blossom-headed, All-Green and Red-rump Parrakeets; two pairs of Blue-bred Green Budgerigars and one pair Yellow Budgerigars; and a Scaly- breasted Lorikeet, probably a hen, BIRD NOTES, Photo Bb, O. Page. BIRD NOTES. Photo EO. Paye. Aviary Shelter, taken from inside flight. Photo I. O. Page. Aviary Shelter. taken from inside flight. My Latest Aviaries, etc. i79 This series of aviaries has inter-communication (vide vround plan) to facilitate attendance. NO. 4 AVIARY .—-This is my largest aviary and contains NO. 4 ’ Pa) d my general collection, and will, | think, prove quite a success when properly stocked with true pairs of birds. The shelter is a dual one, each section is independent of the other; the large section is arranged so that it can be used as 1 bird-room during the winter months, and its occupants either Photo E. O. Page. Aviary Shelter, taken from inside Flight. confined altogether or allowed the use of the flight during suitable periods. The small section of shelter is for the use of those birds who are allowed the freedom of the whole aviary all the year round. The shelter is of the lean-to type ,and is 6 feet high at the back rising to 10 feet at the front. It is well lighted by large windows on all its four sides, and so far it has answered its purpose well. In front of the shelter is a patch of gravel (some 200 superficial feet) which is partly roofed in, 180 My Latest Aviaries, etc. enabling the birds to be in the open and yet get some protection during inclement weather. The flight is roomy and naturally planted, and is 7 feet high, at the sides and front end, rising to 10 feet in the centre. The main width 1s 25 feet, but against the shelter, for a depth of twelve feet, the width is over 30 feet (vide Ground Plan). The whole of the framing standards (external and internal) have climbers planted at their bases, viz: rambler roses Forsythia, weigela, honeysuckle, Polygonum, convolvulus, and clematis. The shrubs consist of cupressus (5), euonymus, bamboo, spruce fir, Portugal laurel, small-leaved berberis, golden and evergreen privet, with a standard ash in the centre of the flight. Most of the shrubs were six feet and over (bushy in proportion) when planted, so as to afford immediate cover. The herbage consists of coarse grasses, cereals, iris, docks, willow-herb, dandelion, wild parsley, marguerites, perennial asters, etc., beneath which there are small patches of bare ground all over the flight, whereon the birds can forage for insects. The general arrangement is indicated on Ground Plan. The floors of the shelters are concrete, and all round the fight corrugated iron sheets are let into the ground to a depth of two feet, and so far the rats have been kept out. The occupants are a very mixed war-time lot, with very many odd birds, and as near as I can call them to mind are as follows: Green-wing Doves (Chalcoptera indica), 19, 2d. Go 1 Red-Mountain Dove (Geotrygon montana) 3. 1 Cape Dove (Oena capensis) 9. 1 pair Grey-winged Ouzels (Merula boulboul). 1 pair Crimson Finches (Neochinia phaeton). 1 Cherry Finch (Aidemosyne modesta) 2. 1 Pekin Robin (Liothrix luteus) ¢. 1 Virginian Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) 3. This bird is 17 years old. very rich colour, and showing no signs of age—is often mistaken for a young bird. My Latest Aviaries, etc. 181 1 Green Cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata) ¢. 1 Himalayan Siskin (Hypacanthus spinoides) ¢. t Parson Finch (Poephila cincta) 9. > Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) 3. 3 Gouldian Finches (Poephila gouldiae) 9. 1 Grey Finch (Spermophila grisea) 1 Pileated Pinch (Coryphospingus pileatus) 3. 1 Napoleon Weaver (Pyromelana afra) 3. 1 Speke’s Weaver (Hyphantornis spekei) 3. 1 Malabar Mynah (Poliopsar malabarica) ¢. Queen Whydahs (Vidua regia) 3. to Hybrids, Him. Siskin x Canary. One of these hybrids is clear yellow— not a lutino—males, fine songsters. NI 4 Hybrids, Tri-Colour Mannikin x Silverbill. 1 Black Tanager (Tachyphonus melaleucus) 3. to pairs Chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs). 1 Linnet (Linota cannabina) 3. a Himalayan Goldfinch (Carduelis indica) ¢. 1 Grey Java Sparrow (Munia oryzivora) &. 1 Red-headed Finch (Amadina erythrocephala) Q. 1 Accentor (Accentor modularis) 9. There are others which I cannot call to mind at the moment of writing. One of the saddest of my avicultural experiences occurred recently. Going into the aviary one morning in mid-June to renew food supplies I picked up 4 cock (Grouldian Finches 2 Melba Finches, 2 White-eyes ,and 2 hen Zebra (inches—the preceding day had been tropical, but during the night there was a severe frost, so severe that all my early French beans were cut to the ground beyond recovery—all were acclimatise1 birds and in perfect plumage and condition! This account is inordinately long, and I must leave remarks on nesting attempts, demeanour of the birds, the pleasures of aviculture, and notes cf my two pheasant runs for future papers, 182 Colour Changes of Whydahs. The Colour-changes in Crimson-ringed and Jackson’s Whydahs. By W. SHORE BAILY. The bi-annual changes of colour in the Whydahs and Weavers have always been to me extremely interesting. These changes are sometimes spoken of as seasonal ones, but at any rate in captivity our seasons seem to have little to do with it; in fact, in some seasons the change does not take place at all. Nor does the lack of these so called nuptial plumes in any way interfere with their breeding operations, although I have no doubt that the males are more attractive to the hens when they have all their war-paint on. Very little seems to have been written as to the time these changes of plumage take, and, of course, it would be difficult to note this in their countries of origin; so, perhaps, these few notes on the two species I am at present keeping may be of interest. Last season my Crimson-ringed (Coliostruthus laticauda ) cock was out of colour on April 28th. On May 15th its long black tail was beginning to appear, and by the end of the month it was fully grown. On June 12th a black patch was showing on each thigh; on July 17th there was a black spot on throat and down centre of breast; on the 30th it was showing red on head and throat, and a week later it was in full-colour. During this time it had built two or three nests and regularly displayed to the three hens in the aviary with it. It will be observed that for over a month it wore a long black tail, with its plain brown uniform as shown in photo (vide plate). It remained in full plumage until the end of February in this year, when its face and head gradually became brown. By March 14th, brown patches were showing on the flanks, and the crimson on head and throat was getting pale. Three days later the crimson had entirely disappeared, and a large part of the body had changed to brown. On the 24th it shed its tail, which had not changed colour. A line down the centre of the breast, and a few feathers on back, Binp Nov ss. Photo W. Shore Baily. Crimson-ringed Whydah. In partial breeding plumage. Colour Changes of Whydahs. 183 were the only spots of black now noticeable, and a few days later it was entirely out of colour. Almost immediately a new black tail began to grow, and by the roth of April it was fully erown. For nearly three months now it has sported this appendage, without any other black feathers about its body, which seems to me a rather curious occurrence. Last season my Jackson Whydah (L’replanoplectes jacksoni) commenced showing colour in the middle of June. On the 23rd its tail was growing, and on the 2o9th it was in half-colour, and one of its hens was already sitting. By the 7th of July it was in full colour, and shortly afterwards the second hen was sitting. This spring it commenced going out of colour on March Ist, shedding its tail ou that day; on the 4th brown feathers were showing on the head and wings. On the 13th there was a large patch of brown down the centre of its breast; on the 18th half its body was brown, and on the 26th there were a few black feathers left on the shoulders only. This change of colour was effected largely by moulting, although an examination of the moulted feathers showed that most of them had begun to turn colour. In the case of the Crimson-ringed Whydah fewer feathers were shed and the change of colour was caused by the loss of pigment. At the beginning of this month (June), the Jackson had already constructed a playing ground, and was busy dancing, it then being in complete eclipse plumage. On the 5th its tail was beginning to grow, and by the 14th it was in half-colour. At the time of writing, June 24th, it is practically in full-colour. Young Whydahs apparently come into colour in their second year. Two hybrids bred here have done so. Unfortunately my young Jackson’s cock died last winter, before attaining his breeding-dress. When a year old he built himself a playing ground, and regularly danced to the hens, looking very funny in his plain brown feathers and short tail. Strange to say, he proved to be the master over the old male, and gave him very little peace. 184 The Endurance of Birds. Since writing the above I have lost my little flock of these interesting birds. The cock must have found some hole in the wire, which up to the present, although I have searched diligently, I have been unable to locate. Through this he must have enticed his mates, and they are now enjoying freedom. The last time I saw them they were feeding on some growing oats in a near-by rickyard. Strange to say, none of the small English birds in the aviary with them have yet found their way out. August 5th: Iam pleased to state that I have now recaptured the Whydahs, and they are none the worse for their short spell of liberty —W.S.B. —<>+4+-— The Endurance of Birds. Bhs WVansinioe 1D, IBNei, IE Z.S;., nsitey (Continued from page 171). Parson Fincn (Poephila cincta).—This species is very similar in colouration and markings to the Long-tailed Grassfinch (P. acuticauda), but may be easily. distinguished therefrom by its slightly stouter-build and shorter tail. It has been known to aviculture much longer than acuticauda, and at one time was fairly frequently imported and in fair numbers, but with the advent of acuticauda there was a falling off in the numbers to be met with on the market, and it became almost uncommon. In the past, when fairly numerous, instances of the successful rearing of young were pretty common, but of late years the few pairs in the hands of aviculturists have not proved prolific breeders, and it has been only a pair here and there that has yielded any result. One pair nested twice in the same year with me, and successfully reared the young, but this has been my only success with this species, but I have only possessed about three adult pairs in my avicultural experience. and, when I kept them in the earlier days my accommodation was limited and usually overstocked, and not calculated to encourage them to reproduce their kind, It is, however, a + The Endurance of Birds. 185 species with which one may reasonably expect success in a roomy, naturally planted aviary. It is a very pretty species, hardy and enduring, and adorns any aviary. It has rather a reputation for pugnacity, but this has not been my experience; nevertheless, it is a species to be kept under close observation till the character of any individual pair be ascertained, especially if the aviary or birdroom be rather small and fully stocked, though much depends upon the amount of cover. In its native wilds it frequents open, grassy areas, and builds its nest among the long grass. In captivity it usually builds in a bush a few feet above the ground, or constructs its nest ina box or husk. The nest is a rough, rather untidy sphere with an entrance hole at the front. The hens are rather subject to egg-binding. Sexes are much alike in plumage and not easy to determine, but the hen has a smaller bib and the grey of head of a slightly darker hue than that of the male. It is a native of North-Eastern and Southern Australia. Grey Fincu (Spermophila grisea). The small grosbeaks Spermophilae and their near allies have interested me greatly; though not of showy plumage, they yet are very neat, attractive and pretty birds, moreover most of them are sweet songsters and hardy—my original male is still living and has been out of doors all the year round since he first came into my possession in IQIO. They are not free breeders; very few species of Spermophila have been bred in captivity, and that mostly in isolated instances, but I must state that, except for the White- throated and Guttural Finches, this group has never been common in our aviaries. [ first bred the species in 1911, when two young were reared, but the following year two broods of three each were fully reared. Three eggs formed the clutch on each occasion. One nest was placed in a privet bush—the nest was a deep 186 The Endurance of Birds. substantial, cup-shaped structure—well sheltered by a densely foliaged hazel bush. The incubation period was thirteen days and for the first week the young were apparently fed entirely on live food, but on the tenth day I observd the parent birds go straight from the soft-food dish and feed their progeny. The young birds were very precocious and were soon fending for themselves (vide Birp Noves for 1913, p. 139). The second nest was placed in the flowering head of a large dock, and the details were much as above, but the young birds only survived their exit from the nest about one month The autumn and early winter of 1912 was very wet, and it proved very fatal to many young birds in my aviary, besides the Grey Finches, and, when one of the Zoo-keepers assisted me in the usual Spring clean in the following year, many bodies were taken from nest-boxes and small barrels, including those of several Grey and Guttural Finches. Hasirat: British Guiana to Venezuela; Trinidad and Colombia, extending to Panama. GuttuRaL Fincu (S. gutturalis). This pleasing species is dull olive-green above ,and yellowish-white beneath. My pair of Gutturals bred successfully, also in 1912, and the nesting data were similar to those of S. grisea and need not be repeated (vide Brrp Nortes for 1913, p. 142). I did not find the Guttural Finch so hardy as the Grey Finch, but a severe dry winter did not appear to cause them any discomfort or hurt, but a mildish wet one certainly did, and, if not given dry (artificial heat not required) indoor accommoda- tion promptly, soon succumbed, mostly from pneumonia. Hasrrar: Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, extend- ing to Panama, Ecuador, and Peru. The Spermophilae are seed-eaters, but are very keen on live insects, of which they take as many as they can get; but. except when feeding young, their visits to the soft-food dish are very occasional. (To be continued.) > f é \ ‘, = e i a . 1145._DIAMOND SPARROW. Sieganopleura guttata. W.T.P. “ often.’ fFillmer. Waxbills, etc., p. 43. Abroad. tst Russ 7Russ. Hyprips. DIAMOND SPARROW x ZEBRA FINCH. Abroad. W.T.P. C. In Australia, { Butler. A.M. (n.s.) iv. 347: ——————_—_<>_—___— 116.—PAINTED FINCH. Einblema picta. W.T.P. tst Willford, 1910. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1910, 363. See 117.—MELBA FINCH. Zonogastris melba. tst Willford, 1915. See B.N. 1915, 324. << 118.—AURORA FINCH. /yfclia phoenicoptera. W.T.P. A free breeder with Erskine Allon. +Fillmer. Abroad. ist Russ +Russ. ——<~—_____ 119.—ZEBRA FINCH. TJaeniopygia castanotis. W.T.P. Easily bred. Abroad. tst Viellot +Russ. Hyprips. ZEBRA FINCH x BICHENO FINCH. Abroad. W.1T.P. C. See Butler. A.M. (N-S.) iv. 350. 190 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity JAONRUN IMON(EISE Se JIM EANIN| SME WADE IIEME, NAD 1. x LONG-TAILED GRASSFINCH. Rice. See Bani on, 280: a Se SN ISN BIEIDINUA WWMM IE, \WVan Ie (C. x Zebra Finch (Diamond Sparrow). x Zebra Finch (Bicheno Finch). x Zebra Finch (African Silverbill). x Zebra Finch (St. Helena Waxbill). St BIE 120.—BICHENO FINCH. Stictoptera bichenovii. W.T.P. Wiener 7Fillmer. See also A.M. vi. 35. Abroad. ist Russ +Russ. Hyprips. BICHENO FINCH x ZEBRA FINCH. 3red in London about 1888. ¢A.G.B. i. 171. (Skin sent by Abrahams to Butler). PNipscoynil, Wahl, (C, x Bicheno Finch (Zebra Finch). 121.—BLACK-RUMPED BICHENO. S. aniulosa. W.T.P. Moward Williams. 1902. A.S. Medal. A.M. viii. 264. ee ae 122._AVADAVAT. Sporacginthus amandava. W.T.P. Ist Farrar, 1895. 7Fillmer. Waxbills, etc. 25. Abroad. 1st Bodinus +Russ. Hyprips. AVADAVAT x ZEBRA WAXBILL. tst Easton Scott, 1910. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1910, 364. x Avadavat (Zebra Waxbill). — 123.—ZEBRA WAXBILL. S. subflavus. W.T.P. Dutton. (incomplete). B.N. Jan. 1902. Abroad. ist Russ 7Russ. Hyprips. Wieaes (Co = Recorded) by, Russi. ib utilenageAr Mae (ese) eave) 2? which way (Butler). x Zebra Waxbill (Tirefinch). LE BIA] WARBIICIET 5a GRIEG. WVEAONGTS Te 16 pele eee om x AVADAVATD, ~~ WiDzP: Abroad. Recorded by Russ 7Butler 1. c. ZEBRA WAXBILL x FIREFINCH. x Zebra Waxbill (Avadavat). ee 122.—ORANGE-CHEEKED WAXBILL. S. mclpodus. W.T.P. ist Alderson, 1901. A.S. Medal. A.M. viii. 65. “‘in a cage.” A GB. i. TSS. Abroad. 1st Russ Russ. Also bred in Madeira; see A.M. iii. 184. Hyprips, Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 191 ORANGE-CHEEKED x ST. HELENA WAXBILL. Abroad. W.T.P. C. Recorded by Russ. (Butler. 1. c.). ORANGE-CHEEKED x GREY WAXBILL. W.T.P. Abroad. “* Recorded by Russ.” Butler. 1. c. x Orange-cheeked (Grey Wawbill). ——_—_—_<____—_ 125.—_JAVA SPARROW. Wunia oryzivora. W.T.P. Frequently bred, especially the white (domesticated) variety. Abroad. ist Stolcker Russ. ? where were the first white bred? Japan or China probably. Hypribs. JAVA SPARROW x CUTTHROAT. W.T.P. Mr. Abrahams told me he had seen this cross.’’ Butler, A.M n.s. 352. (? which way was it ?). JAVA SPARROW x AFRICAN SILVERBILL. W.T.P. Drummond, 1907. See B.N. 1908, 24. One was exhibited at the F.B.C. Show, December, 1903. See B.N. ii. 273. This hybrid is also mentioned by Butler. 1. c. supra. x Java Sparrow (Cutthroat). x Java Sparrow, White (Red-headed Finch). x Java Sparrow (African Silverbill). eS a MAJA FINCH. 1. maja. Abroad. W.T.P. C. ist Russ +Russ. 126. HysriDs. MAJA FINCH x CUTTHROAT. W.T.P. 9 x STRIATED FINCH. Abroad. W.T.P. C. Probably = Maja x Bengali, (U. striata var). fButler. A.M. 1. c. MAJA FINCH x CHOCOLATE MANNIKIN. Abroad. W.T.P. C. And see Butler tr. c. MAJA FINCH x CHESTNUT FINCH. Abroad. W.1.P. C. And see Butler A.M. tr. c. MAJA FINCH x PARSON FINCH. Abroad. W.T.P. C. And see Butler r. c. Maja Finch (Chocolate Mannikin). Maja Finch (Chestnut Finch). Maja Finch (Striated Finch). Maja Finch (African Silverbill). Maja Finch (Parson Finch). a Oe OOS 192 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 127.—TRICOLOURED MANNIKIN. J. malacca. Hypsripbs. TRICOLOURED MANNIKIN x BENGALESE. ist, Bainbridge: see B.N. 1915, p. 15. a 128.—_CHOCOLATE MANNIKIN. WV. atricapilla. W.T.P. Ist Easton Scott. 1912. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1912. 338. Abroad. Ist Russ 7 Russ. Hysribs. ‘CHOCOLATE MANNIKIN x MAJA FINCH. Abroad. W.T.P. C. ‘ Recorded by Russ. . . and more recently one offered for sale by Mr. Harper.’’ Butler. A.M. nis. iv. 352. CHOCOLATE MANNIKIN x CHESTNUT FINCH. Abroad. W.T.P. C. ‘“ Recorded by Russ {Butler 1. c. x Chocolate Mannikin (Maja Finch). x Chocolate Mannikin (Chestnut Finch). x Chocolate Mannikin (Indian Silverbill). a 129.—CHESTNUT FINCH. JW. castaneithorax. W.T.P. “Dred by Osbaldeston and ? Gedney ”’ +Fillmer, p. 57. Abroad. 1st Linden 7Russ. Hyprips. ‘CHESTNUT FINCH x MAJA FINCH. Abroad. W.T.P. C. and see Butler, A. AM. 1. c. ‘(CHESTNUT FINCH x CHOCOLATE MANNIKIN. W.T.P. C. (A) op 132.—PECTORAL FINCH. JW. pectoralis. W.T.P. Howard Williams, 1905. A.S. Medal. See A.M. n.s. iv. 68. Sh 133.—STRIATED FINCH. Uvoloncha striata. W.T.P. Willford, 1909. See B.N. 1909, 328. Abroad. ist Russ 7Russ. Hyprips. STRIATED FINCH x CHESTNUT FINCH. Abroad. W.T.P. C. ~ Recorded by Russ’ 7Butler. A.M. nis. iv 351 STRIATED FINCH x SHARP-TAILED FINCH. W.T.P. and see Butler. A-MiT. c. . x BENGALI. W.T.P. Teschemaker, fertile hybrids, {A/G:B. i. 177. (But theses would not be true hybrids if, as is probable, the BENGALI is a domesticated STRIATED FINCH. See Butler. A.M. nis. iv. 351 STRIATED FINCH x MAJA FINCH. ’ Abroads) Wi). Ps (Gs) > sRecordediihy Russ iGo Utlen suc: STRIATED FINCH x NUTMEG FINCH. Weadinlee Abroad, “ Recorded by Russ ’’ +Butler. 1. c, . Records of Birds, Etc. 213 SLR IAD ED PINCH x ATRICAN SILVERBILL: Wie ade Abroad. *‘ Recorded by Russ’ 7Butler. 1. c. STRIATED FINCH x PARSON FINCH. Abroad. W.1.P. C. “ Récorded by Russ ” 7 Butler 1. c. Striated inch (Bengali) See above. STRIATED x BENGALI. Striated Finch (Maja Finch). Striated Finch. var. (Maja inch). Striated Finch (Chestnut Pinch). Striated Finch (Nutmeg Finch) Striated Finch (African Silverbill). <> 134.—BENGALI (probably U. striata. var. See above under STRIATED FINCH x BENGALI). W.T.P. Frequently bred. Abroad. First bred in Japan ~Russ; and see Gedney: Trans. C. B. Club, vol. i. Hyprips. KK OS OE ON BENGALI x SHARP-TAILED FINCH. W.T.P. x STRIATED FINCH. W.T-P. (and see above under STRIATED FINCH x BENGALI). 56 x« NUTMEG FINCH. W._D-P- is x BRONZE MANNIKIN. Abroad. Baldelli in Italy, fertile hybrids. +Butler. 1. A.M. 1. c. BENGALI x BIB FINCH. Poltimore. See B.N. 1914. 14. BENGALI x CHESTNUT FINCH. “ Recorded by Hawkins,” Butler. A.M. I. c. BENGALI x CANARY. See note at end of CANARY Hybrids. x Bengali (Bronze Mannikin). ; Bengali (Bronze Mannikin—Bengali Hybrid). Bengali (Magpie Mannikin). Bengali (Tricoloured Mannikin). Bengali (Sharp-tailed Finch). Bengali (Striated Finch). See under STRIATED FINCH x BENGALI Bengali (Nutmeg Finch). Bengali (African Silverbill). Bengali (Parson Finch). Bengali (Chestnut Finch). oo 135.—_SHARP-TAILED FINCH. U. acuticauda. Suggitt, 1914. See B.N. 1915, 282 and January inset. Hypribs. Ps OS OS Oe PSP PX tS OS 214 Records of Birds, Ete. SHARP-TAILED x STRIATED FINCH. W.T.P. and see Butler. A.M. n.s. iv. ‘352. SHARP-TAILED x BENGALI. W.T.P. Bred by Butler. {A.G.B. 1. 177. SHARP-TAILED x AFRICAN SILVERBILE. W.T.P. and see Butler A.M. 1. c. x Sharp-tailed Finch (Striated Finch). x Sharp-tailed Finch (Bengali). x Sharp-tailed Finch (African Silverbill). a 136.—CHERRY FINCH. Aidemosyne modesta. W.T.P. By Cronkshaw, 1895. See A.M. ii. 30. Abroad. ist Bargheer 7 Russ. HysRIDs. CHERRY FINCH x MASKED GRASSFINCH. W.T.P. See See 137.—INDIAN SILVERBILL. A. malabarica. W.T.P. Teschemaker, 1895. fA.G.R. i. 174. Abroad, ist Bolle +Russ. “‘ easily bred ’’ Russ. Hysribs. INDIAN SILVERBILL x BIB FINCH. WVanale, Tskehdlse, ANGIE, ite, INDIAN SILVERBILL x CHOCOLATE MANNIKIN. W.T.P. In The Feathered World, August 30, 1901., 2 broods are recorded. x Indian Silverbill (African Silverbill). Indian Silverbill (Bib Finch). x Indian Silverbill (Chestnut Finch). es 138.—AFRICAN SILVERBILL. A. cantans. W.T.P. By Farrar. 1896. See A.M. ii. and A.G.B. i. 174. Abroad. ist Bolle Russ. “ easily bred’ {Russ. HysriDs. APRICAN SILVERBILE urhood for a very considerable time afterwards. On one occasion I noted a martin flying about over the stretch of trenches in which I was, for quite ten minutes, during a gas atiack (lacrimatory gas on this occasion) and seemingly none the worse for its experiences. This attack took place just as it was becoming dusk, and the bird only disappeared with the growing darkness. Small mammals such as rats, polecats, and weasels similarly do not appear to be subject to the baleful effects of gas to any large degree, judging from the numbers of these creatures which always infest the trenches. [It would be of interest if Mr. Rattigan would extend these notes to include the species of birds noted in the shell zone just behind the lines.—-Ep. ] $44 236 Zebra Finches bred in a Cage. Zebra Finches Bred ina Cage. By Dorotny M. PErHier. The Editor has asked me to write of my success with the common but pretty and entertaining Zebra Finch. This happy event occurred some years ago, but remember fairly well all the details concerning this, to me, interesting episode. I hada flight cage, 30 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 18 inches deep, with a dome to it. There were 1 pair each Zebra Finches, Silverbills, and Common Waxbills in it. and I always kept coco-nut shells hung in the four corners for them to sleep in; these they freely used. They had plenty of hay to play with and greenfood. The Zebra Finches had often raised my hopes by laying eggs, sitting for a day or two, and then throwing them out, or moving into an untenanted shell. One day, there was a fearful scrap in the early hours, which woke me up, as they were kept in my room; of course the Zebras won, they evicted the Silverbill from their coco-nut shell domicile and dared them to return, while one fetched hay fron. the other shells. Then the hen began to lay, and when ther2 were six eggs she sat steadily, and was not a bit disturbed at being cleaned and fed, though I used to bang the cage on the floor to get the stray seeds out, she only looked up with her little beady eyes. One day, about fourteen days after incubatior commenced, a little girl was cleaning them out, and she called to me and told me there were,some young ones!! Mamma Zebra Finch, however, resented our curiosity and spread herself out over them. There were six of them at first, but a little later two more hatched out, and eight was rather a tight fit for their coconut shell, so the three top ones were moved to 2 shell in the dome, when I can’t think, as they were there quite early one morning; about three davs after the other three were moved I put a clean shell in. Six were fully reared, and grew to be fine healthy birds, five ¢ and one 2. They were reared on seed, though the parents had access to soft food and plenty of ereenstuff. As soon as they could fend for themselves I trans- ferred them to another cage, and a terribly quarrelsome company they were. I sold them after a time, and the parents too; now I regret having sold the latter acutely, but it’s “‘ too lates ee os Brrp Notes. From life by Mrs. A. M. Cook. Cockateels ¢ (tip fig.) & 2 All Rights Reserved. NOVEMBER, 1918. BIRD NOTES: —— THE —— JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. The Cockateel. (Calopsittacus Novae-Hollandiae ) By WesLEY 13 PAGE? E.Z.S:;, ETC: Our member, Mrs. A. M. Cook, having kindly sent me a drawing of a pair of this well known species, for use in the Club Journal, the following notes are written to accompany same. The Cockateel, the Budgerigar and the Zebra Finch are perhaps the most commonly kept species of foreign birds in this country, and of the trio the cockateel is a good second. All are prolific breeders, and of all alike it must be said that there are individual pairs which, if not barren, are either bad parents or only play at housekeeping, and do not go beyond the laying ofeggs. Such cases occur with the “‘ old hand ’’ as well as with the tyro in aviculture—there is no remedy save to part with such unnatural pairs and procure others, hoping that the ‘‘ chance of luck ’’ may bring along a ‘‘ breeding pair.”’ The Cockateel is almost too well known to need a description of its plumage, but the new member is ever with us, and this had better be just indicated- The two main colours in both sexes are grey and white, the grey deepening to blackish in parts. Inthe male the sides of the face, forehead and fore- crown are primrose-yellow, with a brick-red patch just below the eye. The female’s face is only tinged with yellow, but she has a greyish-red patch below the eye; her tail too differs from the male, being barred black, white and pale yellowish. These features are well shown in the plate. 238 The Cockateel. Though only a common bird the Cockateel is a handsome fellow, and if a good part of his garment is composed of sober grey, the whole colour plan of his plumage is so contrasty as to be both striking and pleasing, and his most pronounced detractor could never dub hima sombre hued bird. The female is no less pleasing though not so brilliant a bird as her mate. Usually they live together on very affectionate terms with each other, are active and alert, and their general demeanour in the aviary is interesting and pleasing. Canary and white millet seeds with a few oats, and green- food meet its simple needs; when they are feeding young I always keep a saucer of broken biscuits in the aviary, but these are not usually largely partaken, still, if there’s a large family, it makes the parents’ task of rearing them a little less arduous. | have had a good few pairs of this species in the course of my avicultural experience, and have reared a good few young ones, for I rather like them, and 1f cleared out to make room for rarer species, their absence is usua‘ly only a temporary one. Possibly some cause for the failure to breed successfully is their disatisfaction with the nest provided. The Parrot tribe like plenty of room in their nest and the nest should be of good size ,especially in depth, that is length from front to back. It is a good plan to take out the front of any small barrel you intend using and add a sort of entrance passage, thus making it of dcuble depth. A box would do, but towards the back the bottom of same must be concave. The Cockateel is a native of Australia, where it nests in holes in the branches of trees, usually having two broods a year, but in the aviary its fecundity is much greater. A very handsome log-nest can be made by getting a piece of a tree trunk about 15 inches in diameter and 2 feet long; bore a 12 inch hole rizht through it, block up the two ends, boring a 2 inch hole in one of them near the top, and hang it up, leaving the birds to do the rest. ‘The bark should be left on the piece of trunk and wood with bark on should be used for stopping up the ends, * Joseph.” 239 I have found the Cockateel quite amiable and_ this without exception, though I have possessed many since I first started keeping foreign birds. But I must add that others have not been so fortunate and I have heard of many who gave trouble to their owners. They are mischievous and curious, and are apt to annoy and disturb other birds, especially passerines if they are kept with them; not by attacking the birds, but by nibbling at their nests, often continuing this annoyance (pleasantry perhaps from their standpoint) till the structure drops a shapeless wreck to the ground. However, nothing is perfect, virtue and vice (failings at any rate) abound in every form of creature life, and the Cockateel is not perfect, but an all round good fellow never- theless. But I must not yarn on, as this species has been much written about, and if any reader wants more details I must refer them to back volumes: +4 “Joseph.” By Tue Marguis oF TAVISTOCK. The autumn of 1914, of evil memory, placed me, and no doubt many other members also, in a position where aviculture was altogether out of the question; but finding myself, some months later, in London in more commodious quarters than a bell-tent, I was tempted to keep at least one bird to remind me of my favourites, the beautiful Broad-tailed Parrakeets of Australia. An offer of a cock Yellow-mantled Parrakeet (Platycercus splendidus) was accepted, and in due course Joseph arrived; he was in very good plumage for a newly- imported bird, partly, no doubt, owing to the fact that he had been on the show-bench in his native land and was quite 240 OSCR im steady in a cage, though not finger-tame. (The term “ finger- tame ’’ as applied to a cock Broadtail, means “‘ ready to come up and bite your finger severely ;’’ when tame they are seldom, or never, affectionate towards human beings!) Joseph soon made himself fairly at home in a wire netting cage, about 32 feet 6 ‘nches x 2 feet 6 inches x 3 feet, which gave him more room han an ordinary parrot cage; but it was some time before he would venture right into his bath, and he spent a lot of time trying to splash himself from outside. The greenfood I stuck in a vase about the same height as the perch; in this way it kept fresh a long time and he hardly ever pulled it all out or upset the water, contenting himself with nibbling. off just what he required at the time. He had several whistling calls, some very musical and none really unpleasant, so that he was quite an unobjectionable inmate of the drawing room; only on one occasion he rather seriously undermined the gravity of a Y.W.C.A. prayer meeting my wife was holding, by the emphatic way he interjected musical comments at all the most inappropriate and solemn moments. I have noticed that, whereas there are a few calls uttered by all the members of a particular species of Platycercus, each individual seems to have a few extra ones, wholly, or almost, peculiar to himself. Thinking that he would like a mate, I obtained Joseph a hen Mealy Rosella as a companion, putting her in a cage close to him until they had had time to get used to one another. He seemed pleased to see her, at which I was not surprised, as for some time past he had shown signs of being in breeding condition; she seemed equally pleased to see him, and both got half frantic if they were placed out of sight of one another . But there was a surprise in store; when I let the Mealy walk -into Joseph’s cage, he dashed away from her, and appeared terrified, although she made no attempt to molest him, and, in fact, was more than ready to make advances herself. Day after day | tried the same experiment with the same result; if the Mealy was taken out of the room, Joseph fluttered against the wire and called distractedly, but once she entered ‘* Joseph.” 241 his cage he seemed just as anxious to escape from her society as he had formerly been to rejoin her. Finally I gave it up as a bad job and sent the Mealy Rosella away, replacing her by a hen Stanley, who, from close confinement and lack of green food, had developed into a feather-plucker, and was the most wretched object imaginable. | Joseph, however, seemed more attracted by her than he had been by the Mealy, and when she was introduced to him later he made himself very agreeable, and started to feed her. Strange to say, however, when she began to fly about the cage, his old nervousness returned, and it was some days before he was entirely at his ease. I can only account for his curious behaviour by the suggestion that he must, some time, have been caged with a very spiteful bird, and that the bullying he received left such an impression on him that the attractions of female society could hardly overcome his inherent dread of another occupant of the same cage. People are often abominably careless about keeping quarrelling birds together, and the cruelty thus inflicted is very great. Before L had had her many weeks the Stanley surprised me by showing signs of a desire to nest, scratching energetically on the floor of the cage. Accordingly I fixed a nest-box on the outside, making a hole in the wire for the birds to enter; they took to the box at once, Joseph spending a lot of time sitting at the entrance whistling and waggling his tail, while the Stanley rummaged and scratched inside. About this time Joseph began to resent what he suspected to be interference with his family affairs. If a hand was placed near his cage he would sidle up and attempt to inflict a bite, especially if he thought the owner was just turning away. At such times he would often utter a querulous whining noise, which clearly meant ‘‘ For goodness’ sake clear off and leave us in peace! ”’ There was absolutely no aggressiveness about his attack—in fact, at the actual moment he lunged forward to bite, a slight squawk of fear would sometimes escape him; his whole manner reminded one of a person with difficulty screwing up his courage to perform a dangerous and unpleasant duty, and was as different as possible from the truculent and cheerful fury he displayed when a strange Parrakeet was shown to him; at such times his rage was so great that he would even attack his wife if she got in his way. 242 ** Joseph.” The Stanley spent more and more time in the nest until she began to sleep there also, and a day or two later the first egg appeared. The following morning, however, the hen did not look well, and it was evident that egg-binding was imminent. Next day she appeared very weak and ill and I was obliged to take her away to another room and put her in a cage in front of the fire. She never passed the egg, but grew slowly better after a few days, and was quite herself again at the end ofamonth. In June I moved to the country where Joseph and his mate were accommodated in a nice large aviary, much to their satisfaction—in fact Joseph, who was beginning to moult, stopped casting his feathers for a bit and actually came back into breeding condition. In September I took the Stanley away and gave Joseph a hen Rosella in her place. He took to her quite readily, having previously spent some days in solitude. This Rosella, though tame, was rather a poor specimen, and became seedy during a spell of severe weather that winter. I therefore took her in and gave Joseph a fine Tasmanian hen in her place—the largest and brightest female Rosella I have ever seen, though easily distinguishable from a male to a practised eye. (The presence of tiny greenish feathers at the back of the eye is a useful indication of sex in adults. Cocks never have them; hens always, or almost always, have). In the spring I released the tame Rosella in the garden with a new cock; Joseph was not at all pleased to see his former wife again, and, warned by the maledictions he hurled at her, she gave the aviary a wide berth; the cock, however, used to fight Joseph through the wire, no damage, however, resulting to either. In early June the Tasmanian hen began to spend a good deal of time in the nest box, but no eggs were laid till the following season, when she produced three, one being very small. She sat very steadily, but to my disappointment the egos were all clear. This year four eggs were laid, and in due course a squeaking inside the box disclosed the presence of a youngster. He tumbled out while still unable to fly, but did not seem any the worse. A week or two later he left the nest for good, but presented a very odd appearance as his mother had nibbled all the feathers off his head, neck and back. Whether Joseph was annoyed at the disfigurement of his ose pie 243 offspring, I do not know, but for several weeks he was extremely snappy with his wife, though he cared for the young bird most devotedly. One morning, however, I noticed that the latter was not looking quite up to the mark, though he did not seem seriously.ill; so | watched him. [le climbed on to a ledge near the wire and when I put my hand up to him he took no notice. Then suddenly he gave a slight cry and fell backwards, clung for a moment to the netting and dropped to the ground, and after one or two convulsive flaps, was dead! His parents dashed up excitedly as soon as the spasm seized him and followed him to the ground. Once Joseph touched his beak and whistled softly to try and rouse him, but there was no response, and realising that all was over he flew up to the perch again. ‘lhe post mortem report was pleurisy and pericarditis; I had expected apoplexy from the symptoms. A few weeks later I decided, after a good deal of consideration, to give Joseph and his wife their liberty. Joseph was getting on in years, and it did not seem probable that he would be of much more use for breeding in confinement. Moreover, I had the offer of other Yellow-mantles, which I hope to secure before long. One evening, therefore, I had the wire netting removed from part of the flight. For some time the inmates did not realize that their captivity was over, but finally the Rosella flew into some bushes close by and began to climb about and nibble the leaves. Joseph called to her, but did not follow, and fearing that he might decide to spend the night in his oid quarters, which were now open to invasion by cats, I drove him gently out. He only went a few yards, and at first seemed scared by his unaccustomed surroundings, but later in the evening he had gained confidence and was whistling in his usual way before going to sleep. I put food on the top of the aviary, expecting that the birds would come down to feed as soon as it was light. When I went out next morning, however, the food was untouched, and later I discovered the pair in a different part of the garden. All their domesticity had slipped away from them and they were flying restlessly from tree-top to tree-top in a way I did not altogether like. When evening came there was no sign of Joseph, and I began to 244 Joseph. bitterly regret that I had not adopted the usual precaution of letting one bird get accustomed to its freedom before its mate was allowed to join it. Joseph seemed such a staid old fellow that I never imagined he would leave the home where he had spent three years, in the independnt fashion of a newcomer from the Australian bush. Next morning, however, the first sound that greeted my ears, on waking, was Joseph’s well-known whistle and his mate’s reply. On going out later there was no sign of either, and I consoled myself by thinking that they would again come back to roost. But next day I neither saw nor heard them, and the two following days gave us no clue to Joseph’s whereabouts. My fears revived; I had many rarer and more valuable birds in my collection, but I had grown fond of Joseph for association’s sake, and his loss annoyed me extremely, especially as I felt that with better management he might not have strayed. On the fifth morning, however, the gardener brought me the good news that Joseph and his wife had been spending most of the previous day in the orchard, and almost at the same moment a Pennant in an aviary near by flung himself against the wire, calling in wild excitement as the two Rosellas swept gracefully over the house and settled in a tree above our heads. A few minutes later they were down on the feeding tray, and | knew that all was well. Subsequently we learned that Joseph had spent the first days of his liberty feasting on the apples in a neighbour’s garden. Fortunately the neighbour was hospitable and knew Joseph, and the amount of fruit consumed was not great. For some time we saw little of the pair, and it seemed difficult to realize that the bird of which we caught occasional glimpses as he darted across the sky and vanished behind the tree-tops was the same truculent Joseph of the aviary on the north lawn. Sut gradually his old character began to reassert itself, and he also spent more time at home. Liberty and unlimited wild food had again brought him back into breeding condition, and although both were moulting, I saw him feeding the Rosella. He soon began to explore the chimney-stacks for a nesting site, and fearing that he might come to an untimely end by descend- ing a chimney, I fixed up his old nest-box under the roof, which he often visits, though naturally, considering the time ot year, Brrp Nores. ay From life by H. Goodchiid. Group of Spermophilae. Plumbeous Finch (Top Fiy.) Lined Finch (Left Fig.) White-throated Finch (Upper Right Pig.) Bluish Finch (Bottom Fig. on Right.) The Endurance of Birds. 245 his wife takes but a perfunctory interest in his proceedings. Some days ago I let out the cock Pennant already referred to, whose mate was also free. The following morning Joseph had the gratification of indulging in a form of entertainment, beloved of his sex and race, to which he had been long an unwilling stranger, viz: a good set-to with another cock Broadtail. The first battle left the Pennant with the honours of war, but subsequent engagements appear to have gone in Joseph’s favour, for his rival now makes way for him when they meet. I fear, however, he will have to take second place if a pair of Blue-bonnets I am releasing should stay, for few Parrakeets are a match for the vicious little monkey in brown and blue, whom even an owl will not tackle. 44 The Endurance of Birds. ByvaWeEstny DPAGH Hs. Si. ebnc. (Continued from page 233). BLACK-HEADED LINED FincuH (Spermophila ocellata). All the species of this genus I have kept (some 20) are great favourites with me. They are wee grosbeaks of dainty form and of pleasing if not gorgeous plumage. They are good songsters and make charming cage pets and most desirable aviary birds. Ocellata is glistening greenish-black above and white beneath; with a black gorget and half collar, two white patches on the lower face and a white wing speculum. The female differs entirely from the male, being dull olive above and buffish-white beneath. Total length 4% in., tail 134 in. So far as I remember this species has not been bred in captivity. BiutsH inca (S. caerulescens). Somewhat similar to the White-throated Finch but is a little smaller and has a black chin-patch. It has not bred in captivity in this country. FrRE-RED Fincu (S$. minuta). This dainty finch is one of the gems of the genus; trim and tightly feathered, and almost ‘always uttering his sweet little song. A grand aviary bird, full 246 The Endurance of Birds. of vivacity and altogether charming as he disports himself amid the foliage of a garden aviary. The male has head, nape, back of neck, upper half of back, wings and tail a soft brown, the remainder of its plumage being deep rufous-chestnut. Total length 4 in., tail 14 in. The female is dusky olive-brown above and buffish-white beneath, washed in parts with buffish-ochre. LAVENDER-BACKED FINcH (S. castaneiventris). A most interesting and charming species. The solitary male | have possessed was a treat to watch in my garden aviary, where it lived happily all the year round for tour years, but during the last winter, a very wet one, it died suddenly. Its body was plump and the plumage tight and silky- The male is lavender-grey, with the throat, breast, and centre of abdomen, and under tail-coverts ruddy-chestnut. Total length 3% in., tail 13¢ in. The female is principally brown above and buffish-ochre beneath. It has not been bred in captivity in this country. It makes a fascinating cage-pet. Mrs. K. Leslie Miller had one which lived 10-12 years in a cage and was always in exhibition form up to within a year of its death. LinepD Fincu (S. lineola). This is very similar to ocellata, but has a broadish white band running from the base of the upper mandibie across the centre of the crown of the head. Equally peasing as the foregoing, and its contrasty and glistening plumage makes it a very pleasing and noticeable bird in the aviary. I am not aware of its having been bred in Great Britain. Total length 43% in., tail 1% in. ReppisH Fincn (S+ nigroaurantia). A very pleasing finch with a sweet but not very sustained song. The male is sandy cinnamon, variagated with blackish above, and white patches on the wings. Total length 3% in., tail 1% in. The female is olive-brown above, much paler below, with centre of abdomen yellowish-white. The Endurance of Birds. 247 I have successfully wintered all the foregoing species out of doors, but consider this risky during wet seasons, and on wet retentive soils. They can be wintered indoors in a roomy flight-cage in an unheated room without difficulty. With few exceptions the Spermophila have not been’ largely kept; in fact, have not been much asked for, their attractive qualities and characteristics not being surtace ones. Diuca Fincu (Diuca diuca). This is a very nice species indeed, and a very handsome bird in its well-contrasted plumage of grey and white. In appearance and form it is very similar to the Grey Cardinal, but has a grey instead of a red crest. It has never been a common species in aviaries, only appearing on the market at intervals, but it has bred in English aviaries On one or two occasions. It can be wintered out of doors. It should be treated similarly to the cardinals and must have a liberal supply of live-food when it is feeding young. PatntepD Fincu (Emblema picta). A beautiful Australian species, which has never been common, though at one period quite a few pairs were imported by Messrs. Payne and Wallace, and distributed among English aviculturists. Their cost was £5 per pair. I obtained one of these pairs, but owing to their cost and rarity I did not risk them out of doors, but kept them in a roomy cage in the birdroom, against my own judgment, and paid the price of my folly by losing the hen from liver trouble. She laid one clutch of eggs before her decease. Our member, Mr. H. Willford, successfully bred the species in his Isle of Wight aviaries, and others all but succeeded. I do not think a single living specimen of this superb species now exists in this country. It should be wintered indoors, but heat is not required. A coloured plate and descriptive article has appeared in this Journal (vide Vol. vii., first series, page 241). (To be continued). 248 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B.: (Continued from page 214). For meaning of abbreviations vide pages 58-59. 138.—AFRICAN SILVERBILL. 4. cantans. W.T.P. By Barrar. 1806. See A.M. i. and A-G.B. 1. 174: Abroad. ist Bolle 7Russ. “* easily bred ’’ 7Russ. Hysrips. AFRICAN SILVERBILE x OLIVE FINCH. (Euethia Fringillide ). tst Easton Scott. See B.N. 1910. 230. AFRICAN SILVERBILL x INDIAN SILVERBILL, Wise. Abroad +Russ. ?which way (A.G.B.). APRICAN SIEVERBIEL > SHARP-TAILE D SINGH: W.T.P. By Dell +Butler. A.M. 1. c. AFRICAN SILVERBILL x JAVA SPARROW. Abroad. W.T.P. C. and 7 Butler. 1-¢: “ Great Nigerian Yellow Weaver, Transvaal Weaver.” Shore Baily; 1913. See B.N. 1913, 214. ? species; the hen is probably one of the CAPE GOLDEN Weavers, the cock 7. (1¢.F1.). In the B.N. account it is stated that the cock caine from Nigeria and was ‘* about the size of an English Thrush. The general body colour is deep yellow; the back and wings greenish yellow, barred with a slightly deeper colour; front of face dusky ; yd 66 (cic Wiltte eas line henicamettomiuthe Dransvaal and is the size of a Saffron Finch, and very much resembles the cock Saffron Finch in colour. Neither bird has had any seasonal change of colour since I have had them.” oS 161.—SPOTTED-BACKED WEAVER. H. spilonotus. Hysrips. x Spotted-backed Weaver (Rufous-necked Weaver). a 162._BLACK-HEADED WEAVER. Sifagra melanocephala. W.T.P. ist Poltimore, F.B.C. Medal, 1912. See B,N. 1912, 338. Abroad. W.1.P. C. 254 WKecords of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 163.—CABANIS’ WEAVER. S. cabanisi. Abroad. ist Schrodter +Russ. <> 164.—LITTLE MASKED WEAVER. S. luteola. 1st Shore Baily, 1914. See B.N. 1915. Jan. inset. Abroad. Ist Russ 7Russ. “ easily bred’ Russ. 165. BLACK-FRONTED WEAVER. 5S. velata. W.T.P. Zoo, 1892.. >. 1665.—HALF-MASKED WEAVER. 5S. vitellina. Shore Baily, 1915. B.N. 1916, 25. Abroad. W.T.P. C. 1st Russ Russ. “ easily bred ”’ +Russ. eS CAPE GOLDEN WEAVER. 5S. capensis or olivacea. ? “ Transvall Weaver,’ see o. 160. Abroad. ist Wiener 7 Russ. 167. + — 168.—_MADAGASCAR WEAVER. foudia madagascariensis. Abroad. W.17.P. C. ist Russ Russ. ~ easily bred” #iRuss: ee 169.—_ BAYA WEAVER. Ploceus baya. Abroad. ist Russ 7Russ. SS 170.—BENGAL BAYA. ?. bengalensis. Abroad. W.T.P. C. 1st Russ 7 Russ. <>—— 171. MANYAR WEAVER. P. manyar. Abroad. W.T.P. C. ist Russ 7Russ, Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 255 ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH NAMES. 90.—RED-COLLARED WHYDAH. Red-throated Whydah, Crimson-col- lared Whydah. 93.—COMBASOU. Ultramarine Finch, Shining Weaver B'rd, Atlas Finch, occasional dealers’ and book names. 94._CRIMSON-CROWNED BISHOP. Crimson-crowned Weaver. (and ‘“ Weaver ’’ also commonly used instead of ‘‘ Bishop” for all this _ genus). ‘‘ Firefinch,’’ “‘ Soldier Bird,’’ W. Afr. pop. names. 96.—GRENADIER BISHOP. Oryx Weaver, Oryx Bishop, Red Bishop, Cape Red Bishop, ‘‘ Red Kafhr Fink,” in S.A. 98.—KAFFIR FINCH. “ Kaffr Fink,’ ‘‘ Yellow Kaffir Fink,’ in S.A., Cape Black and Yellow Bishop. 101.—POKERHEAD WEAVER. Red-headed Weaver. 102._RED-BILLED WEAVER. Waxbill Weaver, Red-beaked Weaver, Common Weaver, Black-faced Weaver. 103.—_TWO-COLOURED MANNIKIN. Cape Palmas Finch. 105.—BIB FINCH. Dwarf Finch; African Parson Finch, Amadine Fnch, the two last occ. dealers’ names. 106.—_BRONZE MANNIKIN. Bronze-winged Mannikin, Hooded Finch. 107.—_MAGPIE MANNIKIN. Giant Mannikin, Magp‘e Finch, Giant Mag- pie Finch, Pied Grassfinch. 110.—FIREF!INCH. Common Firefinch, Senegal Firefinch, African Firefinch 112.—_GREEN AVADAVAT. Green Waxbill, Green Munia. 113.—_CUTTHROAT. Ribbon Finch, Coral-neck. 115.—_DIAMOND SPARROW. Spotted-sided Finch. 117.—MELBA FINCH. Melba Waxbills, Crimson-faced Waxbill. 118.—AURORA FINCH. Crimson-winged Waxbill, Crimson-winged Fincn 119.—_ ZEBRA FINCH. Chestnut-eared Finch. 120.—BICHENO FINCH. Double-banded Finch. 120.—BLACK-RUMPED BICHENO FINCH. Black-rumped Double- banded Finch, Black-rumped Finch, Black-ringed Finch. To be continued. 256 The Birds of Tasmania. The Birds of Tasmania. By WeEsLEY |. PAGE, F:Z.S. Fre: (Concluded from page 227). Tue Lake Disrricr: Mr. Geoffrey Smith describes this district as being 3,000 feet above sea level, and bleak and barren. It is used by the stock-owners, as what little grass there is remains fresh and green when that of the lowlands is all parched and dried up, but I had better tuily quote the Author. ** Whenever the sandstone prevails among the lowland hills the ‘country is open, and thmly timbered with Gums, Wattles, and Honey- “ suckles, with rich grazing land spread out under them; but on ascending ‘the lower tiers the bush becomes thicker, and the unprofitable nature of ‘the greenstone is shown by the vast tracts of unreclaimed forest country, ‘ stretching for miles in all directions. The undergrowth in these gum forests is never very dense and there are large upland plains between ‘the tiers covered with coarse sedges; one is at once struck with the ‘ quantity of Crows and Crow-shrikes that haunt these regions, the Jet- ‘black Crow (Corvus coronoides), whose cry is raucous; the Black Magpie ‘ (Strepera fuliginosa), a large black bird with some white tail feathers, * which is very common here and nowhere else, though it is found rarely in south-eastern Australia; and the White Magpie with its curious bell-like call. In the forest country, too, large flocks of noisy, inquisitive Miners are met with, and the noisy Wattle-bird (Anthochaera inguris), another of the Weliphagidae or Honey-eaters, is very common in summer time. This extraordinary bird, the largest of the Honey-eaters, being about ‘the size of a pigeon, slaty-grey in colour, and with a very long tail, is ‘confined to Tasmania, and receives its name from the yellow fleshy “ pendants which hang down from the ears; it emits the most extraordinary ‘cry of any bird, being comparable to a man drawing a cork out of a ‘bottle and then being violently sick.” Tue Nortu AND THE WeEst Coasts: The Author states that the west coast country exhibits the finest scenery and some of the most interesting natural products of the island. The principal features are its mountainous character and dense forests. ‘The bird-liie of the myrtle forests is not nearly so rich as in the ‘eum forests, largely due no doubt to the absence of the gum-flowers ‘ Robins ’ of various species are very abundant, and I saw here (Waratah) ‘ several Pink-breasted Robins, the male of which has the breast of a ‘which attract so many insects and insectivorous birds. The native — es Swan-Geese. 257 “beautiful claret colour . . . . Certain features in this region, though “ few actual species, are of course shared in common with the rest of “ Australia: the prevalent Eucalypti, the Honey-eaters and Parrots, etc.”’ I have, from space exigencies, purposely refrained from giving more than the barest indications of the nature of the country and scenery, and though the bird notes of these two sections of the book are very few, I trust that as a whole, they my interest our readers as much as they did myself. 44 . Swan-Geese. Reprinted from Country Life, October 26th, 1918, with apologies and best thanks.—Ed., B.N. ““Sir,—Three years ago, on the river Kelvin, which at this point “forms the boundary between the City of Glasgow and Dumbartonshire, “4 Black Australian Swan (Cygnus australis) mated with a Canadian Goose (Bernicia canadensis). A fine healthy hybrid was produced, and this bird is at present preserved in the Zoo at Edinburgh, where it has been a source of much interest to ornithologists and others. The following year the same birds mated again; the eggs this time were collected, as it was feared that they might be destroyed by rats, and under a hen one hybrid was hatched out and that also went to the Zoo. The mother, after her first clutch of eggs had been taken from her, laid again and reared four hybrids as a second brood. During the following winter two of these hybrids were despatched to Kdinburgh. In July of this year it was noticed one day that instead of two hybrids wont to be seen on the river, three were swimming about together. Enquiry was made of the Zoo authorities in Edinburgh, and it was ascertained that two of n their birds had escaped when they were attempting to catch them in order to clip their wings. One was recovered from a neighbouring farm, the other flew home, a distance of about fifty miles, and took up its residence on the home river just as if it had never been away. I think your readers may be interested to hear about the facts mentioned above, for surely such a homing instinct in a bird half a swan and half a goose, , ‘‘in itself a great rarity, is very interestitig. If any of your readers who may have heard or had an experience of a siinilar occurrence would make it known through your correspondence columns, it would be of great interest.—G.I.C.”’ - - 258 Correspondence. Correspondence. DETAILS IN ARTICLES. Sir,—There is every probability that after the war there will be many members of the l.B.C., now without birds, who are anxoius to begin again with their hobby, and who may take the opportunity for branching into pastures new, and to do this it will be necessary for them to have some experience, and this will have to be acquired from others. I would therefore suggest that a series of articles be written by members who have had experienge, in which they give particulars of various types of birds. I for one propose to start one or more (the latter 1 fear) aviaries for parrakeets, but before I do this I will have to profit by the experience of others if I am to have any chance of success in my proposed undertaking, ‘and more important still with fairness to the birds. Our object shouid be not so much the keeping of the birds alive, but keeping them in a manner which will provide comfort for the birds, and at the same time supply them with conditions most likely to produce breeding results. As at present.no birds are being imported, and even if they were it is better to be, to as large an extent as possible, self-supporting ; this will mean a larger number of birds for sale which are healthy, and should induce dealers to bring their birds over in a more hygienic manner than at present. To resume: before I can start with parrakeets I must learn some- thing about them and their peculiarities one with the other, so have laid down for myself a type of bird to keep and stick to this until 1 know more. Despite very interesting articles by the Marquis of Tavistock in particular and also others, | have not been able to glean the information | require, and I take it that others are in the same predicament. I want to keep only the smaller species of this type (psittaci), taking the red-rump as the largest size, or birds very near to that, and adding just a pair of birds (which will agree) of the Rosella type, but I do want to keep birds likely to breed. With this object in view I seek for the following information ; Correspondence. 259 Birds which will agree, which will probably breed, and also the numbers of each for any individual aviary. If one were to take a standard aviary of, say 30 feet x 30 feet, and ask members what can be kept in that, we could easily reduce or increase according to the size of aviary we had. 50 | would suggest that the article took some such form as this : Aviary 30 feet x 30 feet. The following could be kept : eis ten. List 2. Where two pairs of birds of nearly related species do not agree a foot- note could be inserted to the effect that bird A could be substituted for bird 2. Then to follow a list of the various birds, the following particulars to be given of each. SIZE: 2. Approx. price. 3. Easily obtainable or otherwise. 4. Easy to breed or not. 5. How to sex, if sexes are similar in plumage. o. Treatment and food if at all out of the ordinary. Delicate or otherwise. Whether peaceful or not—I would personally like to know this with regard to the following : ee Lovertrps.—Black-cheeked, Peach-faced (Rosy-faced), Red-faced (Red- headed), and Blue-winged. ParrakrEETS.—Rosella, Mealy Rosella, Cockateel, Blue-winged Grass, Quaker, and many others of a similar size, such as Budgerigars, Hooded, Tovi, etc. The same or similar information could, with advantage, be given with regard to Finches, Doves, Quail, Softhills and Weavers. This information would be extra useful if, in the latter four cases, it were added whether saitable or not to keep with finches, but I would suggest in this case the size of aviary should not be larger than 20 feet x 20 feet. W. A. BAINBRIDGE, Captain, A-S:C€. [It has been frequently urged that authors, when writing of any given species or a breeding success, should give the fullest details their experience covers, and at the same time include size and description of aviary and a list of inmates. However, much of this information can be “ dug out ’’ of back vols. of ** B.N.”"; nevertheless, if those members keeping parrots, parrakeets, lories, lorikeets, and lovebirds in groups, would kindly write an article on the lines of Capt. Bainbridge’s letter, they would confer a boon on many of their fellow members—we should welcome same.—Ep1Tor. | ; 260 Correspondence. BIRD NOTES OF NEW MILTON DISTRICT. Sir,—I am sending a few notes hoping they may interest such of our members as take a pleasure i our own avifauna. There has been quite an increase of Jays and Magpies about this neighbourhood, which, | hope, will be continued, and the birds unmolested, as it is delightful to hear and get occasional glimpses of them. I-saw, the other day, a bird going through some most interesting evolutions in the air; | watched it for some time with great fascination. It may have been a falcon, but I could not place it; it did not hover as the kestrel does—it may have been a sparrow-hawk, but | have very little acquaintance with this bird. I have an idea that the Little Owl has come into this district. I have heard a new cry at dusk lately, and once saw a smallish bird, about the length of a blackbird, on the roof of my bird-house. One note is something between a puppy's bark and a whistle; another is a chattering note. Goldfinches seem plentiful here, but the Stonechat, Cirl Bunting, and one or two others are scarcer, possibly through the gorse being cut and burnt. A Snipe, for the past two seasons, has used a marshy spot near, for a short time, possibly before leaving for its breeding haunts. I have not heard any rednolls here for certain yet. I had them roosting close to me, when in camp on special service, near St. Olave’s, in Suffolk. I have heard recently a thrush-like note once or twice after dark, possibly a redwing or a migrating thrush. Upper Ashley, New Milton, Hants., October 26th, 1918. Tis WEESTERE oe OUTPEQUIUL YOU HY a[( Uveley ‘KIM asoys * Af 0104 ‘SHLON Gulg All Rights Reserved. DeceMBER, 1918. BIRD NOTES: JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. British Birds in and around my Aviaries. By W. SHoRE BaILy. The title of this article may be deemed a strange one. “Around my aviaries ’’ might very well mean a pretty large tract of country, and, it is of course obvious that all the birds found therein must be British. As a matter of fact the birds referred to in these notes were all seen within one hundred yards of the aviary walls. These aviaries are from many points of view very well situated. On the north side a shrubbery, containing some large and ancient trees, provides shelter from the winter winds; on the south, a small but rapid stream runs within twenty yards of the largest of them; to the east is a paddock, also well sheltered by shrubbery, which is used for tlie Geese, and on the remaining side is a large pond, the subject of an article already published in B.N. These surroundings naturally lend themselves to bird-life, but for some reason very few of the more uncommon species make their permanent home here. At any rate I have never succeeded in finding their nests. The most interesting visitor this season has been the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker. I have not actually seen it, but its call, somewhat resembling that of its larger cousin, the Green Woodpecker, is quite unmistakable. The latter bird I have seen here, but only on one occasion. A far commoner bird and one that is with us all the year ‘round is the Nuthatch. A pair can be heard most morning's directly the sun is up, hammering away at the half-dead trunk of a lofty acacia. 262 British Birds in and around my Aviaries. Another uncommon visitor is the Crossbill, one of which was found on the lawn one summer, with a damaged wing. It lived for some time in one of the aviaries. Wagtails are very numerous, and either Pied, Grey, or Yellow are nearly always to be seen running about the lawn, or over the wires of the aviaries, on which they seem to find a plentiful supply of food. One day this year, a strange bird was seen bathing in a pool of water, left after rain on a sheet of galvanized iron, on the top of one of the aviaries. This proved to be an immature specimen of the Common Sandpiper, a bird not infrequently seen on the afore-mentioned stream, but always in adult plumage. On another occasion great excitement was caused amongst my children by the advent of a Little Grebe on the lawn. Numbers of them are bred every year on the pond, but how this one arrived on the lawn I cannot say. I was surprised to find how quickly it could run—or rather waddle, but it was quite unable to get on the wing. Needless to say, Moorhens are very numerous, and in hard weather they even venture into the stable yard. That gorgeous fellow, the Kingfisher, can be seen every day, but that still more interesting bird, the Dipper, only visits us at long intervals. I always thought that this bird entered the water by walking into it, but one day this summer I was able to watch one at very close range, feeding in water about a foot deep, and found that it dived in, taking a complete header, in face: Amongst the birds of prey, the harsh voices of two species of Owls—the Barn. and the Brown, are to be heard most nights, and one sometimes gets glimpses of the birds themselves. Owls seem very plentiful these war times. I was covert shooting in the neighbourhood one day this week (November) and saw three species, the two already mentioned. and the Little Owl. There was quite a flock of the Brown Owl, a bird not usually spared by game preservers, but the absence of gamekeepers at the front has given all these birds a chance British Birds in and around my Aviaries. 263 now of increasing. The Kestrel I have seen once in a while, hovering over the aviaries, and a Sparrow Hawk, one day this week, nearly knocked my gardener’s hat off, as it swept around the corner in pursuit of a Blackbird. We have also had one or two visits from a Merlin, but, as far as I know, no damage has ever been done to the aviary occupants by any of these birds. Another visitor I must note is the Nightiar, whose weird ery can often be heard in the dusk of the evening. When disturbed, it has a peculiar habit of flying a short distance, and then alighting on the road or path, with its face towards its disturber. I have often wondered what these birds do for food ina hard winter. Do they hibernate? One that was brought to me, unable to fly, lived for an extraordinary length of time without food (several weeks), and when it finally ‘* gave up the ghost,’ its body did not decay. They are interesting birds, and have, I believe, been successfully kept in captivity. Other attractive birds that visit us in the summer months are the Redstart and the Spotted Flycatcher; from three nests of this latter bird young were reared, within fifty yards of the aviaries this year. Of the birds in my aviaries, I will mention those first that find their way in of their own accord. One large aviary is covered on the top with 2-inch wire-netting, the sides and ends, with a view to keeping out rats, being of %-inch mesh. The most welcome visitors to this one are a pair of Kingfishers, who, attracted by the Sticklebacks that breed in the pond, are often to be found fishing there. Whilst they find their way in through the 2-inch mesh easily enough, they generally have a little difficulty in finding their way out, so one gets a good view of them as they circle around. Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings, and many others visit the pond here for bathing, and it is a pretty sight to watch them on hot days, all splashing in the water together. The neighbouring aviary is covered with 5<-inch mesh netting, and through this the following birds have at different times found their way—Golden-crested and Willow Wrens, also Chiffchaffs, the latter in considerable numbers. After a 264 British Birds in an around my Aviaries. few days they generally make their way out again. The latest 7 7 Sd », 2 S visitor is a cock Great Tit, and it looks as if he is going to remain a prisoner. All the other aviaries are covered with %-inch mesh netting, and the only bird that has been able to get through this is the Common Wren, and it is of course possible that it may have got in through a broken mesh. This bird lived in cap-ivity for nearly a year, becoming very tame. The British birds I have introduced myself are the Field- fare (an account of the nesting of this species appeared in B.N. last year) the Redwing, the Nuthatch, the Cirl Bunting, the Reed Bunting, the Brambling, the Greenfinch and the Hawfinch. Of these, the only ones that nested this year were the Bramblings, Greenfinches, Cirl, and Reed Buntings. The Greenfinches were two hens, but they mated with an odd cock Chinese Greenfinch, and had several nests, half a dozen fine youngsters being fully reared. These resembled their male parent. Inthe first nest of young ones, a cock Yellow Weaver took a great deal of interest, and although I never actually saw him feed them, he was nearly always near them, and he occupied a good deal of his time in weaving a wind screen and cover to the nest (vide plate), the mother finch in no way objecting. The Bramblefinch hen built a very pretty nest (vide frontispiece) in a willow, and hatched out four young ones Unfortunately an invasion of rats at this time made it necessary for me to have some men into the aviary to block up their holes. These idiots elected to hang their coats on the willow in which the nest was situated, and, as they were there nearly all day, it caused the len to desert. The next day I found the day-old young ones stone cold, but thinking that there might still be some life in them, I put two into a Greenfinch’s nest, containing one young one about a week old, and two into another finch’s nest containing infertile eggs. One young one was alive the next day in each nest, and they survived several days longer, but made no growth, so I don’t think that they could have been properly fed. The hen Brambling disappeared, but whether she fell a victim to the rats, or died of a broken heart, I can’t say. Brirp NOTES. Photo W. Shore Baily. Hybrid Greenfinches on nest. Note canopy and wind screen worn by cock Weaver. BIRD NoTss. Shore Baily. Photo W. Cirl Buntlug incubating. ‘sunok SuUIpoorq Suyung poserf Aymg atoyg “Al 010% ‘SALON Gulg British Birds in an around my Aviaries. 265 The Cirl Buntings nested early in the year, choosing a bush growing against the wall as a site for their nest. Tour eves were laid, prettily streaked and blotched in the way typical of this bird’s eggs. The hen sat very closely for over two weeks, but the eggs were infertile. The second nest was in a low hedge. This time the eggs were white with a ring of black spots at the larger end, and were quite unlike any of the Buntings’ eggs that 1 have seen. These also proved infertile, and although the hen made yet another attempt, no young were hatched. The Reed Buntings were more lucky, as they hatched out three little ones. Queer little dusky objects they were too, and, with both parents feeding them steadily, they grew rapidly, but when about ten days old they disappeared, and as there were rats in the aviary at this time, I suppose they fell victims to these brutes. The nest was situated in a conifer about three feet from the ground, and was'‘neatly constructed of bents and grasses, and lined with feathers. The young ones were fed, as far as I could see, entirely on insects, which the old birds caught principally upon reeds in the pond, but I also saw them taking aphidze on some blighted larch trees. Their second attempt was also a failure, their eggs disappearing after a week’s incubation. The rats again in all probability! I always thought that these birds nested on the ground, and, I believe, that they do so in many instances, but mine, in both cases, selected a small black spruce for their building sites. The Hawfinches did not nest. These appear to be very shy birds, and they are not very satisfactory in the aviary, as unlike their handsome eastern cousins, the Black-tailed Hawtinches, who are always to be seen, and are not at all shy, these spend all their time out of sight in the densest cover that they can find. The Redwings were also defaulters, much to my disappointment, and, as I was unable to get another hen Fieldfare, | had no chance of breeding this variety either. 149, 206 Records of birds which have bred in Captivity Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopxinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. For meaning of abbreviations vide pages 58-59. > ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH NAMES, continued. 121.—AVADAVAT. Amaduvyad and various other spellings. Red Munia, Red Waxbill, book names. Firefinch, Indian Firefinch, Tiger Fincn, Strawberry Finch, dealers’ names performing the function of a brace- bird. 123.—ZEBRA WAXBILL. Golden-breasted Waxbill, Goldbreast, Orange- breasted Waxbill. 126.—MAJA FINCH. White-headed Nun, White-headed Mannikin. 127.—TRICOLOURED MANNIKIN. Three-coloured Mannikin, Three-co1- oured Nun, White-chested Nun. 128.—_CHOCOLATE MANNIKIN. Black-headed Mannikin—Nun—Munia —Finch. 129.—_CHESTNUT FINCH. Chestnut-breasted Finch. 131.—NUTMEG FINCH. Spice-bird, Bar-breasted Finch, Barred Munia, Spotted Munia, Nutmeg Bird, Spice Finch. 132.—PECTORAL FINCH. White-breasted Chestnut Finch. 136.—CHERRY FINCH. Modest Grassfinch, Plumhead Finch, Plain-col- oured Finch. 137.—INDIAN SILVERBILL. Malabar Silverbill. 139._SYDNEY WAXBILL. Temporal Finch, Red-eyebrowed Finch, Aus- tralian Waxbill. 140.—RUFOUS-TAILED GRASSFINCH. Rufous-tailed Finch, Ruficauda Finch, Red-tailed Finch. ‘‘ Red-tail,’’ ‘‘ Star ‘‘ Finch,’’ in Australia. 142.—PARSON FINCH. Banded Grassfinch. 145.—PIN-TAILED NONPAREIL. Pin-tailed Parrot-Finch, Javan Non- pareil, Indian Nonpareil. 148.—TRICOLOURED PARROT FINCH. Three-coloured Parrot Finch (the better name, as there is a Erythrura tricolour, as well as E. trichroa, this species). CRIMSON FINCH. Australian Firefinch, Australian Blood-finch, Ruby Finch. 150.—ST. HELENA WAXBILL. Pheasant Finch. 151.—GREY WAXBILL. Common Wawxbill, African Waxbill, Senegal Wax- bill, Records of Birds which have bred m Captwity. 267 152._CRIMSON-RUMPED WAXBILL. Sundevall’s Waxbill. 153.—LAVENDER FINCH. Lavender Waxbill, Cinereous Waxbill. 154.—_CORDON BLEU. Crimson-eared Waxbill. 155._BLUE-BREASTED WAXBILL. Angola Cordon Bleu. 158.—_CHESTNUT-BACKED WEAVER. Chestnut Weaver, Chestnut and Black Weaver. 159.—RUFOUS-NECKED WEAVER. Rufous-throated Weaver. 162. _BLACK-HEADED WEAVER. DBlack-hooded Weaver. 164.—_LITTLE MASKED WEAVER. Dwarf Weaver. 165.—BLACK-FRONTED WEAVER. Masked Weaver. —<+4+-—__ TANAGRIDAE, 172.—B!ISHOP TANAGER. TJanagra episcopus. (* Blue Tanager "’) W.T.P. ist Easton Scott, 1911. See B.N. 1911, 238, 1912, 66. Te WESTERN PALM TANAGER. 7. palimaruim melanoptera. W.T.P. ist Pennant, F.B.C. Medal, 1912. B.N. 1912, 338. 173. ea 174.—_SCARLET TANAGER. Khamphococlus brasiliensis. W.T.P. ist Itaston Scott, 1912. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1912, 338. Zoo, 1912 Abroad. Qst Princess Croy 7Russ. <>. 175.—_BLACK TANAGER. Tacliyphonus rujus. W.T.P. Ist Teschemaker, 1906. A.S. Medal. A.M.-n.s. iv. 331. Zoo, 1909. > 176.—MAGPIE TANAGER. Cissopsis leveriana. W.T.P. Zoo, 1912, but the young died after leaving the nest, therefore unless the record indicated by *‘ W.T.P.” be accepted, this entry will have to be included in brackets to mark an incomplete success. ——_—___<>—___—_ YELLOW-WINGED SUGAR-BIRD. Cyanerpes cyancus. Chawner records almost complete success both in 1915 and 1916, the young living a fortnight on each oceasion. See A.M. 1916, 270 and 1917, 57: 208 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH NAMES. TANAGRIDAE 172.—BISHOP TANAGER. [Episcopal Tanager; Blue Tanager. 173.—WESTERN PALM TANAGER. 174.—SCARLET TANAGER. Red and Black Tanager. Black-winged Tanager. Brazillian Tanager; Lrazilian Searlet T.; ee ICTERIDAE. 177.—RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Agelaeus phocniceus. W.T.P. ist Zoo, 1912. Also in 1913. ———>— 178.— PURPLE GRACKLE. Abroad. ist Wentko. Quiscalus quiscalus. ior atstoy GPA ioleh. ahh, 2gy. a ee ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH NAMES. ICTERIDAE. 177.—RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Redwing, Marsh Blackbird, Blackbird Starling ; (Popular names in America). Red-shouldered Blackbird, Red-shouldered Starling, Red-shouldered Marsh-Starling ; Red-shouldered Oriola; Red-shouldered Troupial ; Red- winged Starling, etc. 178. PURPLE GRACKLE. Crow-Blackbird. (U.S.A.). ee STURNIDAE. 179. STARLING. Sturnus vulgaris. W.T.P. i 180.—ANDAMAN STARLING. tst Farrar. A.S. Medal, 1901. HyBRIDs. Spodiopsar andamanensis. W.T.P. See A.M. vii. 192. ANDAMAN STARLING x MALABAR MYNAH. Zoo, 1905. (2). x Andaman Starling (Malabar Mynah). 7Page, see note to next entry. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 269 181.—MALABAR MYNAH. Spodiopsar malabaricus. W.T.P. Zoo, 1904 (4); and Farrar ¢A.G.B. ii. 41. Also by Wiener 7Russ. ? whether in the United Kingdom or abroad (2...) Hysribs. MALABAR MYNAH x ANDAMAN STARLING. W.T.P. Thus given in Page's list. ? whether it refers to the cross the other way already given under Andaman Starling, or to a different event. x Malabar Mynah (Andaman Starling). a 182._ PAGODA MYNAH. TJemeniuchus pagodarum. W.T.P. rst Marrar, roor. A.S. Medal. See A.M. vin. 107. eS 183._COMMON MYNAH. Aeridotihercs tristis. W.T.P. Zoo, 1905. a 184.—INDIAN MYNAH. 4. gingianus. W.T.P. Zoo, 1909. —————_<+-__—_ 185._BROWN MYNAH. Aethiopsar fuscus. Abroad. “Bred in the Berlin Zoo, one young one reared.’ A.G.B. ii. 46. > 186.—CRESTED MYNAH. 4. cristatellus. Abroad. By Wiener +Russ. But Butler (A.G.B. ii. 46) writes, ‘‘ Russ states that Wiener bred the species successfully in 1875; but if he did he has not mentioned the fact anywhere that I am aware of.’’ (In Russ’ list is also included the ‘* Red-billed Crested Mynah (Sturnus cristatetelloides : Hodg).’’ This is probably A. cristatellus. E.H.). = 187. GREEN-WINGED GLOSSY STARLING. Laniprocolius chalybeus, or more probably the more commonly imported West African species, L. chloropterus. W.T.P. London Zoo, teste Wiener, jRuss, (A.G.B. ii. 36), 270 The Endurance of Birds. 188.—PURPLE GLOSSY STARLING, L. purpureus. In the London Zoo, {Russ ,but Butler says that he can find no record of the fact in the Proceedings. ‘* Wiener says, “ young were hatched there in 1871 and 1874.” A-G.B. it. 35. In his list Russ also gives the ‘* Schillernder Glanz Star ”’ as having been bred in the Berlin Aquarium. The particular Glossy Starling meant. I cannot say. E.H. — ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH NAMIES. STURNIDAE. 180.—ANDAMAN STARLING. Andaman Mynah. 181.—MALABAR MYNAH. Grey-leaded, Pagoda-Starling, Grey-headed Mynah. 182.—PAGODA MYNAH. Pagoda Starling, black-headed Mynah. 184.—INDIAN MYNAH. Bank Mynah. 185._BROWN MYNAH. Jungle Mynah. CORRIGENDA: Page 94. First footnote not wanted. Has slipped in by mistake obviously. The dagger here and elsewhere = ‘“‘ on the authority of ’’ and cannot therefore be used as an extra asterisk. Page 95. The two foot-notes are not really needed, as the entry (31) is that of S. ictericus, and the note under B.-H. Siskin x Cape Canary, W.T.P. says that the alario was probably meant. (lo be continued.) = ot The Endurance of Birds. By Wrstny D2 PAGE E25 Ene (Continued from page 247). Quait Fincu (Ortygospiza polyzona). These spend most of their time upon the ground, and in consequence should not be wintered out of doors. and Whydahs, 125 | Whistling Dick, 225 | White-eve, Indian, 198 Whydah, Angola White-winged, 12 3 Bocage’s Fan-tailed, 37 af Crimson-ringed, 182 35 Heuglin’s Fan-tailed, 35 5 Hybrid, 229 53 Jackson’s, 15, 182, 196 a Mechow’s Fan-tailed, 36 9 Natal Fan-tailed, 16 > Queen, 201 i Red-collared, 255 General Index. 287 Whydah, Beichenow’s Yel.-shl., 15 Wren, Blue, 224 ey Speke’s White-winged, 12 ,, Common, 264 . Travers’s Fan-tailed, 36 ,, Golden-crested, 263 : White-winged, 11 » Willow, 263 5 Yell.-backed, 13 Yell.-shouldered, 14 | Y. Zanzibar Fan-tailed, 18 Yellow-hammer, 141 Whydahs, 11, 35, 71 | Z | Woodpecker, Green, 261 Lesser Spotted, 261 Zebra Finches Bred in a Cage, 236 9? 288 Index to Genera and Species. Index to Genera and Species. A. Acanthochaera inguris, 256 Acanthorhynchus, 22 Accentor modularis, 181 Acridotheres gingianus, 269 5 tristis, 269 acuticauda, Poe. 164, 231, 249 ap Uro. 213 adamsoni, Exc. 81, 83 Aegintha temporalis, 165, 249 aeruginsosus, Con. 136 Aestrelata cooki, 121 Aethiopsar fuscus, 269 5) cristellatus, 269 afra, Pyr. 157, 181 africana, Cot. 83 A gapornis cana, 54, 161 % nigrigenis, 162 90 pullaria, 162 5 roseicollis, 31, 168 Agelaecus phoeniceus, 267 Agyrtria leucogaster, 50 on maculicauda, 50 ni nitidicauda, 50, 5 viridissima, 50 55 whitelyi, 50 Aidemosyne cantans, 214, 248 ‘3 malabarica, 214 5 modesta, 180, 214 Alario alario, 104, 110 albicincta, Cha. 51 albigularis, Pol. 104 9 Spo. 61 albiscapa, Ri. 225 albiventris, Tac. 52 albonotata, Col. 11 alexandri, Pal. 207 amabilis, Zen. 66 Amadina erythrocephala, 167, 181, 189, 272 ai fasciata, 188 amantium, Ery. 103 Amauresthes fringilloides, 188 amauropteryx, Hyp. 72 amazonica, Sco. 86 americana, Spt. 141 andamanensis, Spo. 268 angolensis, Pol. 105 ” Ura. 252 annulosa, Sti. 190 antoniae, Thr. 49 Aprosmictus cyanopygius, 207 Ara severa, 158 arcuatus, Pas. 103 ardens, Pen. 229, 230 argoondah, Per. 80 arvensis, Syc. 140, 232 asiatica, Per. 80 Astragalinus tristis, 95 cstriida, Esti 251 asynumetrura, Col. 12 atricapilla, Mun. 192 n Pac. 85 atricollis, Ort. 188, 271 atronitens, Xen. 86 Atticora cyanoleuca, 52 is fasciata, 52 ie fucata, 52 - melanoleuca, 52 50 pileata, 52 Attila spodiostethus, 85 », thanmophiloides, 85 », uropygialis, 85 augusti, Pha. 49 Aulia hypopyrrha, 85 aureola, Pip, 86 auricapilla, Pip. 86 auriculata, Zen. 63 aurifrons, Neo. 86 Auripasser euchlorus, 104 Me luteus, 104 aurita, Hel, 50 Ze OO Index to Genera and Species. 289 australasiana, Mel. 224 Calyptorhynchus stellatus, 207 australis, Cyg. 257 yf xanthonotus, 206 axillaris, Uro. 16 Calvifrons calvus, 85 Avocethela recurvirostris, 50 calvus, Cal. 85 Campylopterus hyperythrus, 50 B. Ay largipennis, 50 cana, Aga, 54, 161 bahamensis, Ort. 68 canadensis, Ber. 257 barnardi, Bar. 207 caniceps, Car. 94 Barnardius barnardi, 207 canicollis, Ser. 105 sf semitorquatus, 207 ; canicularis, Con. 137 FA sonarius, 207 cannabina, Lin. 95, 181 barrabandi, Pol. 206 canora, Eue. 62 Bathilda ruficauda, 166, 249, 272 ms Pho. 17 baya, Plo. 254 cantans, Aid. 214, 248 bengalensis, Plo. 254 capensis, Oen. 42, 165, 180 Bernicia canadensis, 257 a EA seal bichenovi, Sti. 112, 165, 190 3 Sit. 254 bicolor, Eue. 62 capistrata, Lio. 227 th Lep. 187 Cardinalis cardinalis, 92, 180 | bocagei, Uro. 37 carduelis, Car. 93 boulboul, Mer. 180 Carduelis caniceps, 94 bourcieri, Pha. 49 bourkei, Neo. 206 i carduelis, 93 a elegans, 166 Brachyspiza pileata, 142 * indica, 181 brachyura, Pip. 86 carnifex, Pho. 85 brasiliensis, Rha. 267 Carpodacus erythrinus, 140 Brotogerys chiriri, 159 Pe mexicanus, 140 . jugularis, 160 3 purpureus, 140 be tirica, 159 castaneifusca, Mel. 253 s tui, 160 castaneithorax, Mun. 166, 192 ve virescens, 159 castaneiventris, Spe. 246 browni, Pla. 207 castanotis, Tae. 30, 164, 181, 189 caudata, Chi. 86 Cc. cayana, Cot. 85 Tit. 85 cabanisi, Sit. 254 cayennensis, Pan. 51 Cacatua roseicapilla, 159 Cephalopterus ornatus, 85 caerulescens, Est. 252 Ceratopipra cornuta, 86 ;, Lag. 273 aD iracunda, 86 3 Spe. 245 Chaetura albicincta, 51 caeruleus, Chl. 50 0 cinereiventris, 51 californica, Lop. 68 % guianensis, 51 Callipepla squamata, 68 Af poliura, 51 Calopsittacus novae-hollandiae, 31, 116, As Spinicauda, 51 168, 237 BS zonarius, 51 2090 Index to Genera and Species. Chalcophaps indica, 43, 180 chalcoptera, Pha. 63 chalybea, Pro. 52 chalybeata, Hyp. 38 chalybeus, Lam. 269 Chamaefelia grisea, 42 9 passerina, 42 56 talpacoti, 43 Chasmorhynchus nivens, 85 variegatus, 8 on chiriri, Bro. 159 chinensis, Exc. 80 Chiroxiphia caudata, 86 it pareola, 86 Chlorestes caeruleus, 50 chlorion, Pip. 86 chlaris, Lig. 60 chloropterus, Lam. 269 Chlorostilbon subfurcatus, 50 chrysogaster, Phe. 61 Chrysolampis mosquitus, 50 cincta, Poe. 181, 184, 249 cinerea, Est. 251 . Lat. 85 cinerciventris, Cha. 51 cinereus, Pac. 85 cinnamomea, Neo. 86 cinnamomeus, Pas. 103 cirts, Cya. 142 cirlus, Emb. 141, 167 Cissopsis leveriana, 267 citrina, Geo. 30 citrinella, Emb. 141, 167 citrinellus, Spi. 94 Claudia squamata, 51 Coccothraustes coccothraustes, 61 codringtoni, Hyp. 72 coelebs, Fri. 93, 181 Coliostruthus albonotata, 11 ie asymmetrura, 12 ‘9 eques, 12 = laticauda, 12 Collinus cubanensis, 68 a pectoralis, 68 a virginiensis, 68 Colluricincta silbit, 225 Columbula picui, 43 comata, Pip. 86 _conumunis, Tur. 65 conradsi, Pen. 14 Conurus aeruginosus, 136 Bh camicularis, 137 | | a euops, 158 | yf haemorrhous, 135 a jendaya, 158 , nenday, 136 | Af ocularis, 136 | a pertinax, 137 | cooki, Aes. 121 | cornuta, Cer. 86 | coromandelica, Cot. 80 coronoides, Cor. 256 Corvus coronoides, 256 Coryphospingus pileatus, 143, 181 | Cotinga cayana, 85 9 cotinga, 85 cotinga, Cot. 85 Coturnix africana, 83 * coromandelica, 80 5 delegorguet, 38 cristata, Gub. 29, 143, 164 cristatellus, Aet. 269 cristatelloides, Stw. 269 cruenta, Que. 85 cruentus, Rho. 143 cubanensis, Col. 68 cucullata, Par. 143, 167 cucullatus, Hyp. 253 a6 Spe. 187 Spt. 94 cuneata, Geo. 41, 165 cupreicauda, Sau. 50 curvirostris, Lox. 140 cyanea, Cya. 61 ny IE 1 Cyanerpes cyaneus, 267 | cyanocephala, Pal. 134, 207 cyaneus, Mal. 224 7 Cya. 267 Cyanocompsa cyanea, 61 cyanoleuca, Att. 52 “cyanopygius, Apr. 207 = Index to Genera and Species. 201 Cyanospiza ciris, 142 Cygnus australis, 257 Cypseloides fumigatus, 51 , Cyrtonyx montezuma, 68 niger, 51 rutilus, 51 delphinae, Pet. 50 dentata, Pet. 103 diffusus, Pas. 104 Discura longicauda, 50 Diuca diuca, 142, 247 docilis, Pal. 135, 207 domesticus, Pas. 103 douglasi, Lop. 68 Drepanoplectes jacksoni, 15, 183 dussumieri, Tur. 80 elegans, Cur. 166 ” ” Neo. 4 Pha. 165 Pla. 115, 207 Emberiza cirlus, 141, 167 ” ” ” citrinella, 141, 167 melanocephala, 141 Schoeniclus, 141 Emblema picta, 189, 247 enucleator, Pin. 141 Eophona melanura, 61 episcopus, Pha. 49 ” Tan. 267 eques, Col. 12 erythrinus, Car. 140 erythrocephala, Ama. 167, 181, 189, 272 ” PY TAT erythrogaster, Hir. 52 erythrops, Que. 157 erythrophthalma, Pip. 142 Erythrospiza amantium, 103 ” githaginea, 103 Erythrura pealei, 250 prasina, 250 Erythrura psittacea, 166, 250 -. trichroa, 250 Estrilda astrilda, 251 ae caerulescens, 252 5 cinerea, 251 ee rhodopyga, 252 euchlorus, Aur. 104 Euethia bicolor, 62 ” canora, 62 ns olivacea, 62 i pusilla, 62 euops, Con. 158 Eupsychortyx leucopogon, 68 ap migrogularis, 68 .; sonnini, 68 europaea, Pyr. 111, 140, 166 Excalfactoria adamsoni, 81, 83 i chinensis, 80 F lineata, 81 eximius, Pla. 33, 115, 207 F, fasciata, Ama. 188 5p Att. 52 ty meal TA fanuniceps, Pyr. 157 flaveola, Syc. 139, 232 flavigula, Pti. 224 flaviprymna, Mun 166 flavirostris, Lin. 95 flaviventris, Pla. 206, 226 9 Ser. 105 flavivertex, Het. 86 foetidus, Gym. 85 Forisuga mellivora, 50 formosa, Sti. 188 Foudia madagascariensis, 254 franciscana, Pyr. 157 Fringilla coelebs, 93, 181 iy montifringilla, 93 teydea, g2 Fringillaria, saharae, 141 Fringillidae, 108 fringilloides, Ama. 188 fucata, Att. 52 292 fuliginosa, Str. 256 fumigatus, Cyp. 51 funerea, Hyp. 75 furcata, Tha. 50 fusca, Tod. 85 on 1A Bg fuscus, Aet. 269 G. Geocichla citrina, 30 geoffroyi, Per. 164 Geopelia cuneata, 41, 165 a0 striata, 41 . tranquilla, 40 Geotrygon montana, 65, 164, 165, 180 gingianus, Acr. 269 githaginea, Ery. 103 Glaucis hirsuta, 49 gouldiae, Poe. 129, 166, 181, 250 gramineus, Lam. 50 Granatina granatina, 252 grisea, Pas. 104 SIDES TOIn TOs H SyOs (ont griseigularis, Pac. 85 ' griseola, Cha. 42 Gubernatrix cristata, 29, guianae, Pha. 49 ; guianensis, Cha. 51 i Psi. 161 guttata, Ste. 77, 129, 166, 189 guttatus, Odo. 68 gutturalis, Pip. 86 56 Spe. 186 56 Spo. 62 Gymnoderus foetidus, 85 Gynmorhina organicum, 222 143, 164, 181 H. Haematoderus militaris, 85 haematonotus, Pse. 31, 116, 207 haematorrhous. Pse. 116 haemorrhous, Con. 135 haemotodes, Tri. 207 jendaya, Con. 158 Index to Genera and Species. hartlaubi, Ser. 106 heckei, Poe. 231 helvetica, Squ. 1 Heliodoxa xanthogenys, 50 Heliothrix aurita, 50 Femustephania johannae, 49 hiemalis, Jun, 141 Heterocercus flavivertex, 86 hilderbrandti, Uro. 18 hirsuta, Gla. 49 Hirundo erythrogaster, 52 Hypacanthis spinoides, 95, 181 hyperythrus, Cam. 50 Hyphantornis cucullatus, 253 9 Spekei, 181 HF Spilongtus, 253 Hylocharis sappirina, 50 409 viridiventris, 50 Hypochera amauropteryx, 72 5 chalybeata, 38 . codringtoni, 72 rp funerea, 75 oe neumanni, 72 56 nigeriae, 71 13 nigerrima, 76 | i ultramarina, 73 hypopyrrha, Aub. 85 I. ictericus, Spi. 94 | icterotis, Pla. 116, 207 | icterus, Ser. 130 igniceps, Sco. 86 mmunus, Lip. &5 indica, Cha. 43, 180 inguris, Aca. 256 inquisitor, Tit. 85 | lodopleura fusca, &5 ‘5 leucopygia, 85 Ff pipra, 85 iracunda, Cer. 86 J. jacarini, Vol. 62, 169 | jacksoni, Dre. 15, 183 jamaicensis, Lep. 67, 165 Index to Genera and Species. 203 johannae, Hem. 49 jugularis, Bro. 160 Junco hiemalis, 141 K, kawarhiba, Lig. 60 L. ; Lagonosticta caerulescens, 273 oF nunima, 271 or senegala, 188 “a rhodoparia, 188 Lampornis gramineus, 50 - violicauda, 50 Lamprocolius chalybeus, 269 he chloropterus, 269 54 purpureus, 270 largipenms, Cam. 50 larvata, Par. 143, 164 Lathra cinerea, 85 », streptophora, 85 laticauda, Col. 182 lepida, Pha. 171 Lepidopygia bicolor, 187 9 nana, 187 5 nigriceps, 187 Leptoptila jamaicensis, 67, 165 leucocilla, Pip. 86 leucogaster, Agy. 50 a Lop. 66 leucophrys, Zon. 141 leucopogon, Eup. 68 leucopygia, Iod. 85 : Pol. 105 leucopygius, Ser. 129 leucurus, Thr. 49 leveriana, Cis. 267 Ligurinus chloris, 60 35 kawarhiba, 60 A sinicus, 60 Linaria cannabina, 95, 188 is flavirostris, 95 Pe linaria, 102 A rufescens, 103 lineata, Exc. 81 lineola, Spe. 166, 246 Linota cannabina, 181 Lioptila capistrata, 227 Liothrix luteus, 180 Lipangus immunus, 85 a simplex, 85 longicauda, Dis. 50 longicaudatus, Mal. 224 longuemareus, Pha. 49 Lophophaps leucogaster, 66 Lophornis ornatus, 50 Lophortyx californica, 68 i douglasi, 68 Loxia curvirostris, 140 ludoviciana, Zam. 61 lunulata, Ore. 225 luteola, Sit. 254 luteus, Aur. 104 e . Ltowaso macrocerca, Pen. 14 macrura, Pen. 13, 230 maculicauda, Agy. 50 madagascariensis, Fou. 254 maja, Mun. 191 Majaqueus parkinsoni, 121 major, Sch. 86 malabarica, Aid. 214 a Pol. 181 malabaricus, Spo: 269 malacca, Mun. 192 Malurus cyaneus, 224 aA longicaudatus, 224 Manacus manacus, 86 Manorhina obscura, 223 manyar, Plo. 254 melaleucus, Tac. 181 melanicterus, Mel. 141 melanocephala, Emb. 141 49 Sit. 253 $0 Spo. 62 5h Zam, 61 melanoleuca, Att. 52 204 Index to Genera and Species. Melanopteryx castaneifucsa, 253 Neochmia phaeton, 170, 180, 250 melanura, Eop. 61 Neophema bourkei, 206 melanurus, Pas. 103 : elegans, 4 melba, Zon. 189 n petropivila, 5 Meliphaga australasiana, 224 é venusta, 4, §, 206 , ee Se dag he Veopipo cinnamomeus, 86 Meliphagidae, 223, 256 ; ; rae eine For. es : Neopelma aurifrons, 86 Melophus melanicterus, 141 nepalensis, Pal. 134 - Melopsittacus undulatus, 164, 207 neumannt, Hyp. 72 Melopyrrha nigra, 62 niger, Cyp. 51 melpodus, Spo. 190 ay a. ISS Merula boulboul, 180 a 2g mexicanus, Car. 140 nigeriae, Hyp. 71 militaris, Hae. 85 nigerrima, Hyp. 76 minima, Lag. 271 nigra, Mel. 62 minor, Pla. 85 | nigriceps, Lep. 187 SVG. 220 | mgrigens, Aga. 162 minuta, Spe. 245 nigroaurantia, Spe. 246 mirabilis, Poe. 250 nigrogularis, Eup. 68 modesta, Aid. 180, 214 | nitidicauda, Agy. 50 modularis, Acc. 181 - novae-hoilandiae, Cal. 31, 116, 168, 237 monachus, Myo. 136 AG Mel. 224 montana, Geo. Geo. 65, 164, 165, 180 ” ” Tri. 32, 207 montanus, Pas. 103 montezuma, Cyr. 68 montifringilla, Fri. 93 mosquitus, Chr. 50 multicolor, Pse. 206 Muma atricapilla, 192 », castaneithorax, 166, 192 , flaviprymna, 166 Odontophorus guttata, 68 oO. obscura, Man. 223 ocellata, Spe. 245 ocularis, Con. 136 5, maja, I91 : | Oena capensis, 42, 165, 180 +3 malacca, 192 5, oryzivora, 166, 181, 191 », pectoralis, 212 » punctulata, 113, 149, 212, 232 olivacea, Euc. 62 1 Sit. 254 Oreocincla lunulata, 225 » xanthoprymna, 192 Oreortyx pictus, 68 Myopsittacus monachus, 136 OTE Pyr. 157 ornatus, Cep. 85 94 Lop. 50 oronocensis, Pyr. 85 Ortygospiza atricollis, 188, 271 nana, Lep. 187 i heriec ere Ortyx bahamensis, 68 i) IDEN Le nenday, Con. 136 oryzivora, Mun. 166, 181, I9QI P. Pachyrhamphus atricapilius, 85 cinereus, 85 5 griseigularis, 85 on niger, 85 ” Palaeornis alexandri, 207 surinamus, 85 nf cyanocephala, 134, 207 ‘a docilis, 135, 207 e fasciata, 134 =i nepalensis, 134 9 rosa, 134 An torquata, 134, 207 pagodarum, Tem. 269 pallidiceps, Pla. 115 palmarum-melanoptera, Tan, 267 Panyptila cayennensis, 51 pareola, Chi. 86 parkinsoni, Maj. 121 Paroaria cuculiata, 143, 16 “ larvata, 143, 164 Passer arcuatus, 103 » cinnamomeus, 103 , diffusus, TO4 ., domesticus, 103 grisea, 104 4, melanurus, 103 iy niontanus, 103 Passerina cyanea, 142 i versicolor, 142 passerina, Cha. 42 of Psi. 161 pealei, Ery. 250 pectoralis, Col. 68 a Mun. 212 pella, Top. 50 pelzelni, Syc. 139, 232 Penthetria ardens, 229, 230 pa macrura, 230 Penthetriopsis conradsi, 14 ‘i macrocerca, 14 macrura, 13 - soror, 15 Index to Genera and Species. 295 | Perdicula argoondah, 80 | asiatica, 80 Peristera geotfroyi, 164 personata, Poe. 166, 231, 249 pertinax, Con. 137 Peiasophora deiphinae, 50 kp germana, 50 Petroica fusca, 22 be phoenicea, 225 ‘Petronia dentata, 103 petrophila, Neo. 5 Phaethornis augusti. 49 An Retncee: AQ “f episcopus, 49 ‘3 - guianae, 49 A longuemareus, 49 * rupurini, 49 if Ssuperciliosus, 49 ‘phaeton, Neo. 170, 180, 250 ‘Phaps chalcoptera, 63 ,, elegans, 165 -Pheuticus ciirysogaster, 61 pepoemicea: Pet, 225 95 Uro. 35 ‘phoeniceus, Age. 268 iPhoenicocercus carnifex, 85 ‘phoenicoptera, Pyt. 111, 189 jphoenicotis, Ura. 252 ‘Phonipara canora, 170 ng lepida, 171 \Phrygilus fruticeti, 29, 142 ‘picta, Emb. 189, 247 ipictus, Ore. 68 ipicui, Col. 43 partie; Att. 52 4 Bra. 142 ‘ ‘ ij | Uilcatus, Cor. 143, 181 ‘Pinicola enucleator, 141 Pipilo erythropthalma, 142 ‘Pipra aureola, 86 ,, duricapilla, 86 », brachyura, 86 ., comata, 86 » gutturalis, 86 : ,, leucocilla, 86 296 Index to Gencra and Species. Pipra serena, 86 », suavissima, 86 pipra, Tod. 85 Pipreola whitelyt, 85 Piprites chlorion, 86 Be uniformis, 86 Platycercus browni, 207 i elegans, 115, 207 eximius, 33, 115, 207 > flaviventris, 206, 226 . icterotis, 116, 207 cy pallidiceps, 115 50 splendidus, 207, 239 Platypsaris minor, 85 Ploceus baya, 254 56 bengalensis, 254 a manyar, 254 Poeocephalus senegalus, 135 Poephila acuticauda, 164,, 231, 249 9 cincta, 181, 184, 249 5 gouldiae, 129, 166, 181, 250 55 hecket, 231 ~ nurabilis, 250 personata, 166, 231, 249 Poliopsar malabarica, 181 Poliospiza albigularis, 104 a angolensis, 105 leucopygia, 105 poliura, Cha. 51 Polytelis barrabandi, 206 Polytmus thaumantias, 50 polyzona, Ort. 188, 270 pomadora, Xip. 85 Porphyrocephalus spurius, 207 prasina, Ery. 250 Progne chalybea, 52 ” tapera, 52 Propasser rhodopeplus, 140 Psephotus haematonotus, 31, 116, 207 va haematorrhous, 116 a multicolor, 206 Ps pulcherrimus, 4 Psilomycter theresiae, 50 psittacea, Ery. 166, 250 Psittacula guianensis, 161 Fe passerina, 161 Ptilotis flavigula, 224 pugnax, Tur. 80 pulcherrimus, Pse. 4 pullaria, Aga. 162 punctulata, Mun. 113, 212, 232 purpureus, Car. 140 of Lam. 270 pusilla, Eue. 62 Pyroderus oronocensis, 85 Pyromelana afra. 157, 181 se capensis, 157 on flammiceps, 157 a franciscana, 157 as nigriventris, 157 o orin, 157 nf sundevalli, 157 » taha, 157 Pyrrhula erythrocephala, 140, 166 * europaea, 11, 140, 166 Pytelia phoenicoptera, 111, 189 Q. quanza, Uro. 36 Quelea erythrops, 157 » quelea, 157 Querula cruenta, 85 Quiscalus quiscalus, 268 recurvirostris, Avo. 50 regia, Vid. 18t Rhamphocoelus brasiliensis, 267 Rhipidura albiscapa, 225 rhodoparia, Lag. 188 rhodopeplus, Pro. 140 rhodopyga, Est. 252 Rhodospingus cruentus, 143 risorius, Tur. 64 rosa, Pal. 134 roseicapilla, Cac. 159 roseicollis, Aga. 31, 168 rubritorques, Tri. 33 rufescens, Lin. 103 . ruficauda, Bat, 166, 249, 272 Index to Genera and Species. 207 ruficollis, Ste. 52 soror, Pen .15 rufus, Tan. 267 spekei, Hyp. 181 Rupicola rupicola, 85 Spermestes cucullatus, 187 rupuruni, Pha. 49 ” nana, 112 rutilus, Cyp. 51 Spermophila caerulescens, 245 = castaneiventris, 246 s. 4. grisea, 181, 185 ng gutturalis, 186 saharae, Fri. 141 " lineola, 166, 246 sapparina, Hyl. 50 ” minuta, 245 Saucerottea cupreicauda, 50 ” nigroaurantia, 246 Scardafelia squamosa, 42 ” ocellata, 245 Schiffornis major. 86 spilonotus, Hyp. 253 schoeniclus, Emb. 141 spinicauda, Cha. 51 Scotothorus amazonum, 86 spinoides, Hyp. 95, 181 é. igniceps, 86 Spinus citrinellus, 94 6 wallacei, 86 », cucullatus, 94 semitorquatus, Bar. 116, 207 1» ictericus, 94 * Tur. 64 5, Sspinus, 94 senegala, Lag. 188 », tibetanus, 94 senegalensis, Tur. 64 Spisa americana 141 senegalus, Poe. 135 splendidus, Pla. 207, 239 -erena, Pip. 86 Spodiopsar andamanensis, 268 Serinus, canarius, var. domesticus, 138 De malabaricus, 269 - canicollis, 105 spodiostethus, Att. 85 a flaviventris, 105 Sporaeginthus amandava, 190 », hartlaubi, 106 » melpodus, 190 - icterus, 130 » subflavus, 88, 190 ‘A leucopygius, 129 Sporophila albigularis, 61 is serinus, 106 ” grisea, 61 r sulphuratus, 105 1 gutturalis, 62 serinus, Ser. 166 + melanocephala, 62 severa, Ara, 158 re superciliaris, 62 silbii, Col. 225 Sporipipes squamifrons, 252 Sialia sialis, 168 spurius, Por. 207 simile, Tra. 227 squamata, Cal. 68 simplex, Lip. 85 9 Cla. 51 sinicus, Lig. 60 squamifrons, Spo. 252 Sitagra cabanisi, 254 squamosa, Sca. 42 », capensis, 254 Squatorola helvetica, 1 », luteola, 254 Steganopleura guttata, 80, 129, 166, 189 5, melanocephala, 253 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis, 52 » olivacea, 254 es uropygialis, 52 », velata, 254 steilatus, Cal. 207 » witellina, 254 Stictoptera annulosa, 190 sonnini, Eup. 68 + bichenovi, 112, 165, 190 208 Stictospiza formosa, 188 Strepera fuliginosa, 256 streptophora, Lat. 85 striata, Geo. 41 5 (Oks ZU, 22 Sturnus cristatelloides, 269 * vulgaris, 268 suavissima, Pip. 86 subflavus, Spo. 88 subfurcatus, Chl. 50 sulphuratus, Ser. 105 superciliaris, Spo. 62 superciliosus, Pha. 49 surinamus, Pac. 85 Sycalis arvensis, 140, 232 », flaveola, 139, 232 OL, UEKO) ,, pelzelni, 139, 232 T. Cachycineta albiventris, 52 Tachyphonus melaleucus, 181 pe rufus, 207 Taeniopygia castanotis 30, 164, 181, 189 taha, Pyr. 157 taigour, Tur. 80 talpacoti, Cha. 43 Tanagra episcopus, 267 - palmarum-melanoptera, 267 tanki, Tur. 80 tapera, Pro. 52 Temenuchus pagodarum, 269 temporalis, Aeg. 165, 249 Textor mger, 253 teydea, Fri. 92 Thalurama furcata, 50 4 waterton, 50 thamnophiloides, Att. 85 thaumantias, Pol. 50 theresiae, Psi. 50 Threnetris antoniae, 49 a0 leucurus, 49 tibetanus, Spi. 94 Index to Genera and Species. tigrinus, Tur. 66 tirica, Bro. 159 Tityra cayana, 85 5, mquisitor, 85 Topaza pella, 50 torquata, Pal. 134, 207 tranquilla, Geo. 40 traversti, Uro. 36 ‘Trichoglossus haemotodes, 207 s novae-hoilandiae, 207 96 rubritorques, 33 ‘trichroa, Ery. 250 tristis, Acr. 269 of Ast. 95 Trochalopteron simile, 227 tui, Bro. 160 Turnix dussumieri, 80 » pugnax, 80 , taigour, 80 ,, tanki, 80 Turtur communis, 65 » risorius, 64 4, senmitorquatus, 64 » senegalensis, 64 » tigrinus, 66 1» vlnaceus, 05 U. ultramarina, Hyp. 73 undulatus, Mel. 164, 207 unifornus, Pip. 86 Uraeginthus angolensis, 252 phoenicotis, 252 Urobrachya axillaris, 16 op bocagei, 37 he hiidebrandti, 18 af phoenicea, 35 a6 quanzae, 36 55 traversil, 36 Uroloncha acuticauda, 213 3 striata, 212 0 a5 var. 213 uropygialis, Tod. 52 rs Ste. 85 32; Index to Genera and Species. 299 V. valvus, Cal. 85 variegatus, Cha. 85 velatus, Sit. 254 venusta, Neo. 4 5, 206 versicolor, Pas. 142 Vidua regia, 181 vinaceus, Tur. 65 violicauda, Lam. 50 virescens, Bro. 159 virgimiensis, Col. 68 viridissima, Agy. 50 viridiventris, Hyl. 50 vitellinus, Sit. 254 V olatinia jacarini, 62, 169 vulgaris, Stu. 268 WwW. wallacei, Sco. 86 watertoni, Tha. 50 wihitelyi, Agy. 50 5 Pip. 85 xX. canthogenys, Hel. 50 xanthonotus, Cal. 226 | xanthoprymna, Mun. 192 Xenopipo atronitens, 86 Xipholena pompadora, 85 Y. yucatanica, Cis. 34 Zamelodia ludoviciana, 61 _ melanocephala, 61 Zenaida amabilis, 66 a auriculata, 63 a aurita, 66 gonaris, Cha. 51 | zonarius, Pla. 207 Zonogastris melba, 189 Zonotrichia leucophrys, 141 President : Tur Lapy DUNLEATH. , Vice-Presidents : H. R. Fitemer. E. Horkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. E. J. Broox, F.Z.S. Council ; “Tue CounTEss OF WINCHILSEA Carr. Putte Gossr, M.D., M.B.O.U. . nf Weh|, VASE, ; /ADY KATHLEEN PILKINGTON» Carr. L: F. Loveri-Keays,) M.B., G i R.A.M.C., '¥.Z.S. » Tue Hon. Mrs. G. Bourke Dr. N. S. Lucas Mrs. C. ANNINGSON Dr. J. E. R. McDonacu “Mrs. A. E. H. Hartiry Dr. J. Easton Scorr ‘Dr. M. Amster Rev. G. H. Raynor, M.A. _W. Snore BaIty W. T. Rocers 7 es. W.A. BAINBRIDGE Ser.-May. R. Suacitr /, BAMFORD ; Se.-Lr. A. Sutciirre H. Bricut W. R. Tempce “E. W. Cuap.in oct H. Witirorp Hon. W. B. Wrortestey, F.Z.S: Hon. Editor: — Westey T. Pace, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey. \ Hon. Seeretaries : Hon. Treasurer and Business Secretary: Stoney Wirutams, F.Z.S., “ Oakleigh,”’ 110, Riverway, Palmer's Green, London, N, 13. . H on. Exhibitional Secretary: Stantey M. Townsenp,>3, Swit Street, Fulham, London, S.W. ‘Hon. Solicitor : H.R. Firtwer, Church Street, Brighton. Hon. Photographer : H. OND Upland View, ee abies Ryde. Oe ne Th ail ey eee Roll of Members. : | Honorary Member: Firmer, H. R., (Founder), Brendon, 22, Harrington Road, Brighton. SS Acron, G. H., Bytham, Kidmore Road, Caversham, Reading (February, 1914). i Atperson, Miss R., Park House, Worksop, (March, 1909). : Autan, J. W. Bondgate, Alnwick. _ (April, gg1r). Atmonp, The Rev. F., Dormant. © (February, 1906). Art, Mrs., M.,. 28, Melrose Gardens, Hammersmith, London, W. (April, 1914). ; x Ames, Mrs. Hozart, North Easton, Massachussetts, U.S.A. (March, 1913). 7 | Amor, STANLEY, 29, Shelly Road, Bath. (February, 1916). ae Amster, Dr. Maurice, Eton Court House, High Street, Eton, Windsor. — (March, 1909). $ : Anperson, J. H., Dormant. (February, 1914). Anprews, F. J., Gordon House, Woodbridge. (December, 1911). Awnnincson, Mrs., 4, The Cresent, The Park, Plymouth. (December, 1901). 4 ’ Apptesy, K. A., Dormant. (October, r9ro). De : Armstronc, Mrs. A. M., Newton Purcell Rectory, Buckingham. (Novem- ber, 1915). Arnotp, R., Tower House, Leigham Court Road, Streatham, ga ot S.W. 4 (March, 1912). Arnott, Peter, Grant Street, Alloa. (December, 1913). Arricui, L. J., Harrison View, Watson Cresent, Edinburgh. (March, 1908). Aston, Capt. S. Witrrep, Dormant. (September, 1975). — ATTWELL, HArotp E,, Cassia Grove, Halfway Tree, P.O., Kingston, ‘Jamaica, B.W.I.. (March, 1910). Austin, W. E., Wandsworth Public Libraries, Allfarthing Lane, Wandsworth, London, S.W. | (April, 1909). Avery, Mrs. A., 63, Windsor Road, Forest Gate, S.E. (March, 1917): Bappetry, A., Dormant, (July, 1912). 3a1Ly, W. Snorer, Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts. (June, 1909). Barseripce, Lieut., W. A., Hazelwood, Thorpe, Chertsey. | (September, 1912). ; = _ Bares, R., 6, Toronto Street, Monk’s Road, Lincoln. (February, 1916). ~Baxer, Mrs. H. G., Dormant. (December, 1914). 4 Bamrorp, Wm., Fhe Coppice, Werneth, Oldham. (June, 1904). : ‘Bamryive, The Hon. Mrs., Whitechapel Manor, South Molton, North Devon, (July, 1911). _ Bartow-Massicks, Mrs. C., Dormant. ~ (November, 1911). ~ Barnany, Miss ALISON, Oak Lodge, Bitterne, Southampton. (August, 1912): — Barnarn, T. T., Kempston Hoo, Bedford. (July, 1915). _ Barrets, O., Esq., ‘‘ Orchida,’’ Mayne, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. January, 1917). » Barry, Lieut., W. R., 15, Alexandra Road, Southport. (October, 1915). Beary, S., Strathnarn, Elm Grove, Alderley Edge, Manchester. (March, 1908) Brazor, Rev., J. T. A. Loverr, The Nest, Bicclescombe Park, Ilfracombe. a (April, Ray _ Berere, C. W., Curator of Ornithology, New York Zoological Park, New York a City, U.S.A. — (July, 1911). _ Bentrey, Ernest E., St. Mary’s'Lodge, Louth. (March, 1914). R: IEESS sc Eds 16 Address Unknown. (January, 1903). Boynore, Jala Esqua MUA:. -H:Z.S., Dormant. (May, 1916). s - Borne, H., Address unknown. (December, 1908). * Bourke, Hon. Mrs. Gwenpoten, Hitcham Vale, Taplow, Maidenhead, and 75, Gloucester Place, Portman Square, London, W. (December 1909). _ Bousrietp, Miss M., Avon Court, Southborne Road, Bournemouth. (Janu- ary, 1908). 5 _ Bowerman, F., 12, Wellington Street, Swindon. (September, 1914). ’ _ Bowrnc, Miss Crara, Ascot Heath Lodge, Ascot, Berks. (July, 1914). -Branroor, B., Dormant. (November, 1912). ; Brion, Hersert, Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. (Oc- tober, 1911). a I | ~ Brook, E. J., F.Z.S., Hoddam Castle, Ecclefechan. (March, 1908). _ Brown, Mrs. C., Dormant. (May,‘1910). ~ _ Browninc, W. H., 16, Cooper Square, New York, U.S.A. (February, 1910). ~ Browne, ‘Capt. A. E., Belmont, Muree, Punjab, India. © (March, 1912). _ Bruce, Miss A., Chevet Park, Wakefield. (March, 1909). . 2 iY _ Burton, Recinatp P., Dormant. (Janwary, 1913). Burcess, Mrs., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, Redlands, Bristol. (Sep- tember, 1915). Ppurnnan, Joun B., Dormant. (March, 1913). , a: Busn, W., The County Bor. of Newport School of Art, Clarence~ Street, ¥ Newport, Mon. (May, 1909). * ' - Carvert, Mrs. H., The Ridge, Kasuli, Punjab, India. (July, 1915). .. CHAwNER, Miss E. F., Forest Bank, Lyndhurst, Hants. (July, 1910): ~Cuirron, Lord, Dormant. (October, 1905). Capoaan, Lt. Com. Francts, F.Z.S., etc., ‘‘ Marshall Ney,’ c/o G.P.O., London, E.C.,1t., and at Hallicrop Castle, Fairford, Glos. (August, 1917) Carvocarest, P. J., Holme Hay, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. (October, 1916) Camppett, Mrs., Constance, 192, Walpole Road, Wimbledon, London. S.W. Camrs, H. T., F.Z.S., Linden House, Haddenham, Ely. (Orig. Mem.). Carern, F., Lewin's Mead, Bristol. (October, 1907). a Carr, F: J., St. Aidan’s, Alnwick. -(April,! 1914). Rey’ Carr, J. T., Blythewood, Deramere Drive, Malone Road, Belfast. (Septem- ; ber, 1912). 3 Cartwricut, Mrs. E. The Hawthorns, Tickhill, Rotherham. (January, 1912) CasteLto, Ps M., 20, Chalfont Court, London, N.W. (November, 1916). Castie-Gant, Mrs. A., Dormant. (June, 1915). fe Crartin, Mrs. DrumMonp, Government House, Salisbury, Rhodesia. (July, 1914). ; Cuapriin, E. W., The Firs, Great Amwell, Ware. (September, 1903). Cuarves, J., Dormant. (February, 1914). . Cuarteswortu, Miss Aupry, Marnhull Rectory, Sturminster Newton, Dorset (July, 1914). Cuatrerton, Mrs., 11 Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N. (January, Bt. 1915). Cuick, Hersert, J., Dormant. (March, 1914). Curistir, Mrs. G., Kellas, By Elgin. (January, 1913). t Crare, Miss Lypia, The Hollies, 194, Coombe Lane, Wimbledon, London, S.W. (March, 1910). hi : Yh eae Crark, W. G., Hummers Knott, Windsor Road, Slough. (January, 1915). Criarke, S., Dormant. (August, 1911). CLeepurG, Cnas., junr., 16, Lockerbie Road, Dumfries, N.B. (December, — 1916). Cotton, R., 0, Birkendale Road, Sheffield. (February, 1913). Py Connett, Mrs. Kwnatcusutit, The Orchard, Brockenhurst, Hants. (July, 4 1912). j 4 Constasir, Rev. W. J., Dormant. (February, 1912). a. Cook, Mrs. A. M., F.Z.S., 21, Oxford Road, Kilburn, N.W. (February, 1916) Crocker, Chas. E., Burrow Inch, Lower Bourne, Farnham. (October, 19t Cronxsnaw, J., 7, Harcourt road, Accrington. (November, 1901). Cross, R., Dormant. (January, 1914). Crow, C. F., Lindsey Bank House, Grimsby. (Qctober, 1915). Cixrte, J., 128, Willowbrae Road, Edinburgh. (August, 1913). Cusnuny, Charles, ¢/o Messrs. Neish, Hawell, and Haldane, 47, Watling Stx St. Paul’s, E.C. (Orig. Mem.) f Darrett, Dr .H. W., Dormant. (September, 1908). tember, 1908). “Davison, Mrs., Dormant. (April, 1911). Davis, Mrs, M. H., Daresbury Hall, near Warrington. (January, 1914). ~ Dawson-Suitu, Lt. F., Nash Reetory, Stony Stratford, Bucks. (March 7 1912). 5 b Deux: C. E., 12, High Strect, Harlesden, London, N.W. (January, 1914). Dennis, Mrs. Harouv, St. Leonard's Park, Horsham. (January, 1904). ; - Dewar, D., 1.C.S., F. ZS. 33; Sheepcote Road, Harrow. (June, 1907). 4 ~ Dewar,-J. F., 2, St. Patrick’s Square, Edinburgh. ~(Orig. Mem.). De Yarrure-Bateson, The Hon. Litta, Heslington, York. (June, 1903). _ Dickinson, Mrs. E.; Welbeck Estate, Lovedale, Nilgiris, S. India. (Janu- ary, 1918). ; - Dircurtetp, F., 37, Nugget Street; Oldham. (April, 1914). ~ Dospir, J., Waverley Works, Leith, Edinburgh. (April, 1906). Dossox, W. B. C., Bindown, Hampton Wick. (April, 1914). . - Drummonn, Miss, Mains of Megginch, Errol, Perthshire. (November, 1907) a Donkey, Mrs. H. F., Dormant. (February, 1915). Dunieatn, The Lady, Bally water Park, pos, co. Down. » (No¥ember, | ; IQOI). * : MP eee vs Hon. and Rey. Canon, “ oer see ” Grafton Road, Chelten- - (May, 1906). eta ie R. A., Freeford, Lichfield. (November, 1912). Fare! Ae Hunson, Newgate House, Cottinham, Hull. (March, r1g14). Esprit, W., “ Greenville,’’ South Circular Road, Limerick. (April, 1906). ; _ Epunps, W., Coombe Farm, Langton Matravers, Wareham. (November, a 1909). , : a Evms, &. F. M., Rosebank Cottage, Carshalton Road, Sutton, Surrey. (June, 1910). 2 Ezra, A., F.Z.S., 110, Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, London, W.1. (Jan- Ng [hse . ary, 1911). ; } Sone Bran Dz, 3, Kyd Street, Calcutta, India. (August, 1912). ; er icicnin. Guy, The Coltape: Belton, Uppingham. (November, 1916). | Fasey, Wittram R., The Oaks, Holly Bush Hill, Snarebrook, N.E. (Janu- nt ary, 1903). hi 4 Ferran, B. D., F.Z.S., Dormant. (December, 1912). Finer, W. H., ‘The Bush Hotel, Farnham. (May, 1908). _ Fisner- Rowe, H. M., St. Leonard's Grange, Beaulieu, Brockenhurst, Hants. : (January, 1911). t, Fianvery, ‘M. J., Dormant. (January, 1909). iad , 8 Frower, Capt. S. S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Keedah House, Zoological Gardens, 4 Gizeh, Beit! Mer at 1909). el Forster, W. L., Smithfield, Orange Free State, S. Africa. (May, Ba: Foster, T., Fairlight, Babbacombe, Devon. (March, 1914). ‘ py Foster, Miss If. M., 35, High Street, Huntingdon. (January, 1909). - Fower-Warp, Dr, F., 4o, Berners Street, Ipswich. — (October, 1913). FRrEVILLE, Miss M. N. de, Welbeck Estate, Lovedale, Nilgiris, Sidndiat sae (January, 1916). t Frost, W. J. C., 13, Fairlawn Avenue, Chiswick Park, London, W. | (August, 1913). Frosticx, J., Dormant. (December, 1909). Gattoway, Mrs. E., Fernville, Fortis Green Road, East Finchley, London, Ne (November, 1907). GaLtoway, P. F. M., Dormant. (November, 1907). Garcke, Mrs. C., Wye Lodge, Maidenhead. (June, 1916). x Garpiner, Mrs. Stantey, Bredon House, Selwyn Gardens, aged (Jan- — uary, 1913). : GERRARD, Miss M., 31, Via Sarto Spirito, Florence, Italy. (June, 1914). _ Gopry, Epovarp, Dormant. (January, 1912). eee - GoopcuiLp, H., 59, Leslie Road, East Finchley, London, N. (July, 1903) GoopcuHIib, J., ‘Oiares Suffolk. (January, 1913). ater” Gooprrttow, W., Dormant, (October, 1908). GorRINGE, The ee REGINALD, Manston Rectory, Sturminster Newton, Dor- = set. (December, 1902). q Gosse, Capt. Puinip, M.D., M_B.O.U., Curtlemead, Beaulieu, Brockenhurst, Hants. (April, Pouey, 3 GraHam, JoHN, Rainbow Hotel, Kendal. (February, IQII). i, Gray, H., M.R.C.V.S., (Hon. Veterinary Surgeon), 23, Upper Phillimore y Place, Kensington, London, W. (May, 1906). a GREENALL, Miss Susan, The Manor, Carlton Scroop, Grantham. (May, oi GREEVEN, ‘Miss M., Address Unknown. (October, 1907). Grossmitu, J. L., The Grange, Bickley, Kent. (January, 1913). Gurney, G. H., Keswick Hall, Norwich. (June, 1913). Hacerr, Miss E., Brumcombe, Foxcombe Hill, Oxford. Coe 1910). E HALE, CLINTON, B., Pedrogosa and Laguna, North West Corner, Santa Bar- bara, Galitorntas U:S.A.: (April, 1912). Hatxes, T. C., The Limes, 141, Monks Road, Lincoln. ey, 1916). Hamitton, H. V., The Rest on the Hill-side, Hythe, Kent. (April, 1916). ‘ Hansson, Mrs. Vera Hirst, The Low Hall, Killinghall, Harrogate.’ (Jan uary, 1918). “ss Harzsorp, Miss M. L., qoiega Park House, Lorton, Cockermouth. (April, 1916). h ye Pa io oct tt ee | 4 Ye ST cas Pes ? % Si aa y es 1 ; oh s q ¢ , w ie ; $7, \ = ’ i. , i : _ Harcourt, The Rt. Hon. Lewis, P.C., 14, Berkeley Square, London, W. 7s y (April, 1914). a © Harper, E. W-., F.Z.S.,.M.B.O.U., 17519, Old Court House Street, Calcutta, ‘f - India, (October, 1907). ; is | Harris, Cuas., 114, Bethnal Green Road, London, N.E. (April, 1910). s Hartiey, Mrs. E. A., Lynchfield, Deuek 2 Lydeard, Taunton. (September, Aa zg: 1907). » Harvey, P. T., 55, St. Albans Road, Seven Kine Essex. (June, 1915). ~ Hawke, The Hon. M. C., c/o Miss B. Harrison, Manor House, Otton, ‘lad- caster. (November, 1902). ; - Hawkins, J. E., Belvedere, Streetley Lane, Four Oaks, Sutton Coldfield. 274 ‘ ; (April, 1915). 4 _ Hawkins, L. W., Estrilda, New Clive Road, West Dulwich. (Orig. Mem.). ~ Hess, T., Brooklea, The Downs, Luton. (August, 1913). - Ba inc: Mrs., W. F., Moorfield, Upper Claremont, Newcastle-on-Tyne. (November, 1908). _ Henperson, J. Arex, Dormant. (August, 1913). . '. Henstocx, J. H., Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire. (March 1907). Loge Hersert, Lieut. Epwarp GReVILLE, 60 Squadron, R.F.C., B.E.F., France, " . and Hemingford Abbotts, St. Ives, Hants. (January. 1915). : _ Hewirr, F. W. G., The Old Halli, Weelsby, Grimsby, (April, 1909). ' - Hrvcks, Miss EM. Baron's Down,, Dulverton, Somerset. (December, 1904) f ~ Hopexin, Mrs., Dormant. (February, 1908). Oe HocG, The Hon. Norau, 53, Lancaster Gate, London, W.2. (March, 1917). - Hotpen, Raveu, A., F.Z.S., 5, St. John Street, Bedford Row, London, W.C. i and Harpenden, Herts. (July, igrt). ye, - Houtis, Mrs., The Aviaries Coppice Drive, Harrogate. (February, 1915) Hooper, Miss G. M., Dormant. (May, 1903). } i - Hopkinson, Emitus, D:S.O., M.A., M.B., een, Bathhur st, Gambia, West > Africa (October, bey, : es Horne, A., ‘ Boun-na-Coille,”” Murtle, Aberdeen. (August, 1917). ) ” Horton, Miss M., Mascalls, Brentwood, Essex. (November, 1915). _ Hourton, Miss K., Dormant. (April, 1914). _* Houwrron, Cuaries, Dormant. (November, 1901). _ Howe, Frank, 54, Thomas Street, Wellingborough. (February, 1902). _ Huszarp, Mrs. D. L., Dormant. (January, 1905). Hume, James, Hepscott, Morpeth. (June, 1903). - Humpnreys, Russert, Present address unknown. (July, 1902). _ Hype, Water, eeiotsn Park, Sunbury-on-Thames. (June, 1915). S ; Isaac, Cuas., Brockley House, Slough. (March, 1gr1). - Jarpine, J., Castle Inilk, Lockerbie, N.B. (August, 1913). _ Jeaxins, A, E., Winscottie, Simla, India. | (April, 1916). _ Jenxs, H., Dormant. (August, 1913). ° __ Jersey, The Countess of, Middleton Park, Bicester. (November, 1912), 4 p i ae ey af ey OT ae, PP ie PP ay 4 wpe te, , Jounson, Miss L. Srurron, Orotava House, Ore, Hastings. (September, p 1910). 4 Jounson, Major, F., Melrose, Wilbury Roadit Hove, Brighton. (August, 1911). % ‘iy Jones, W. Yarworrn, Villa d’ Arno, Kingston-on-Thames.*’ (Augtst, 1915). Jorvayx, W., Hill House, Palmer's Green, London, N. (April, 1916). Kennepy, Capt. G., c/o Mrs. Kennedy, 7; Albion Road, Sutton, Surrey. ' (May, 1908). Kenwortny, J. M., Address Unknown. (June, 1909). " Kewtey, Mrs. M. A., Batts’ Hotel, Dover Street, London, W.1. (September 1910). i Kine, Franx, Dormant. (March, 1909). ines Kine, H. T., Dormant. (April, 1914). i Hey 1914). . Krre, E. Bacsuor, Haines Hill House, Taunton. (February, 1912). , @ Knope, Miss E. Maun, 32, Tavistock Square, London. W.C. (Deeatbent = IQI1). # Komyakorr, ALrexis, Novinsky, Boulevard, 109, Moscow, Russia. (ieceai-4 ber, 1912). . Lamp, E. J., Alverstone, Thetford Road, New Malden, Surrey. (May, 1906). — Leacu, C. F., Vale Lodge, Leatherhead. (July, 1914). ‘ 4 Lecu pe Leen, Dr. H., Redcar, Yorks. (April, 1911). Litrorp, The Lorn, Lilford Hall, Oundle, Northants. _ (January, 1914). Lonepen, Mrs. D. A. S., Dormant. (February, 1914). Lonepon, Mrs. C. A., Arreton, Epsom Road, Guildford.’ (February, 1909). Lovett-Keays,, Capt. L. F., R.A.M.C., Endsleigh, East Hoathly, Halland. © (March, 1913). Low, G. E., 14; Royal Terrace East, Kingstown. (May, 1914). Lowe, A. J. C., Present address unknown, (January, 1912). ‘ Lucas, Miss Emma, Bramblehurst, East Grinstead, Sussex. (September, 1913). Lucas, N. S., M.B., F.Z.S:, 19, Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park, London, W q (January, 1914). ¥ i Lynam, C. C., M.A., Bardswell Road, Oxford. (September, 1913). - Lytucor, G. W. F., Dormant. McCuttoucn, J., Dormant. (January, 1914). hs McDowacn, J. E. R., MR.CS., L.RCP., F.ZS., ieee 4, Wimpole St London, W. | (January, 1903). McDonatp, D. D., Atholl Arms Hotel, Blair Atholl, N.B. (October, 1915). | Mackness, Mrs. N. Cypress Road, Church End, Finchley, N. (June, 1916). Macreapy, F. W., 39, George Street, Stranraer. (July, 1916). Ma.pen, Viscountess Evettne, Great Bookham, Leatherhead. (August, 1909) Mattert, E. A., M.A., Great Wishford, Salisbury. (September, 1911). MannerinG, R., Knoll Cottage, Noah Hill, Essex, (February, 1912). L A \ M Appin, STANLEY, 12, Albert Hall Mansions, Kensington Gore, South Ken- ‘sington, London, S.W. (February, 1911). ~ Marmont, W, B., The Firs, Amberly, Stroud, Glos. (October, 1908). | Maxspen, J., F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. (March, 1914). ALason, D., The Maisonette, Broadstairs: (April, 1914). Master, G., M.B., B.C., 86, Guildhall prreet, Bury St. Edmunds. | (Novem- _ -ber, 1903). ~ Maxwett-Jackson, Miss Mg, C Cowhill, Butland Road, Harrogate... (January, § 1913). ee | Maxwett, C. T., 1, Sharderoft Aven, Herne Hill, S.E. (December, 1908). a “Mravows, Nees we 19, Cardiff Road, Luton, (February, 1908). ~ Meakin, Lah Dormant: (January, 1904). * Mituer, Mrs. K. Lestiz, Dormant. (January, 1903). 4 ~ Muasum, O. , The Firs, Westwood, Margate. (July, 1907). Y vixens, Mr., Dormant. (July, 1914). ~Mitenerr, H., 6a, Brunswick Terrace, Hove, Sussex. (September, 1903). 4 Money, Sir L. G..Cutozza, M.P., The Grey House, Hampstead Lane, Lon- ; don, N. (October, 1910). | Moxnace, G. R., 63, Croxted Road, Bulwich, S.E. (February, 1909). _ Montcomery, W. O., c/o. Mrs. Hulse, Alexandra Road, Hornsea, Hull. _ (January, 1913). ~ Morrison, The Hon. Mrs. McLaren, Queen Anne’s Mansions, St. James’ a Park, London, S.W. (November, 1906). a ‘Mortimer, Mrs. Wigmore, Holmwood, Dorking. (Orig. Mem.). - Munpy, Miss ‘SyBIL, Shipley Hall, Derby. (August, 1911). : Murvox Marsuatt, ‘Osborne Villas, Neweastle-upon-Tyne: (August, 1913). B NayYLor, Mrs. F.M., “ Vermont,” Grappenhall; Warrington. (October, 1915) _ Newson, Mrs. L., The Wych, Sandbanks, Parkstone, Dorset. (September; 1916). _ Newtey, R. A., Dormant. (December, aaah Newman, fight RY Spec tae M.B.O.U., Newlands, Harrowdene Road, Wembley, Middlesex. (July, 1903). , ~ Oaxey, W., The Anglers’ Inn, Pole Street, Preston. (Orig. Meim.). - OpeRHoLsER, Harry C., 1,444, Fairmount Street, N.W., ‘Washington, Diez _ U.S.A. (December, 1903). pO" DonneLt, O, Hyntle Place, Hintlesham, Ipswich. (August, 1912). O' Retry Nicuotas, S., . Eastern Road, Kent mown Srighton. (Orig. 2 Mem.). : ; Ornssy, Miss E., The Cottage, Silver Field, Harrogate. (June, 1917). nsLow, The Countess of, Dormant, gue 1913). 1 a PAGE, Wi oR Zs, hore Editort, Datkewene: iA # Surrey. 1905). Pacer, Miss, 30, Heueley Square, London, W.,1. (March; 1917). Panter, V. Kenyon, bekes: Ohio, U.S.A. (November, 1910). ~ PARMINTER, Miss ‘B.S.-P., eS Hall, Roydon, Essex. “December, 1916). a “Parerson, Rey. J., Marievorr, The Baronet Senieer Kashmir, India. (November, 1908). - reheat ) ria ew INN ry ~ > ay Pauwers, Roperr, E., (September, 1909). y Poruey, Henry Le, L.C. & M. Bank, Guernsey. (October, 1916): PercivaL, W. G., Nanga, Chania Bridge, British East pola. + January 1915). ee Perkins, E., Chester Hill, Woodchester, Stroud, Gloucestershire. ° “(ebruary a 1903). oe Perreau, Mrs. G. A., Bakloh, Punjab, India. (September, ig06) ; Perreau, Mrs. R. A, D., Treffgarne Hall, Treffgarne, Pembrokeshire. (September, 1908). N Perrine, C. S. R., Dormant: — (October, 1902). Puair, H. J., Broad Street, Alresford. (January, 1912). Puiiues, E. Ag 12, Waltham Terrace, Blackrock, Ireland. ‘(September SP | Pickarp, H. K., 298, West End Lane, Kilburn, London, N.W. (October, © 1901). Pe eh des BS). Pickies, W. H., Stonyhurst, Morecambe, Lancs. . (May, 1904). Pixe, L. G., ¥.Z.S., King Barrow, Wareham. (December, 1910). Pitxinron, Lady Karuceen, Chevet Park, Wakefield. (September, 1908). Piruir, Miss D. E., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Hants. (rejoined, Jane P| nary, 1918).< } Po.rack, A. J., Loretto House, Heston, Bradford. (August, 1917). Portimore, Lady, Dormant. (August, 1911). Ponp, Mrs. T., 174, Upper Parliament Street, Liverpool. (Novetunet! 1902). 3 Pops, Mrs., Howden. Tiverton, Devon. (February, 1914). ye e 4 POWELL, Miss M. M:, Eiwthionh House, Oakhill Park, Old Swan, Liverpool. (May, 1914). Puck, Orro, Dormant. (May, 1912). baie : Putvar, Lawrivce, H. F., F.Z.S., Dunbarnie Cottage, Bridge of Earn, - Perthshire. (October, 1913). PA: eth am pans Quincey R. de Quincey, Inglewood, Chislehurst, Kent. (August, 1910). Ratusorne, tl. B., Dreenan, Letter, Co. Fermanagh. (November, 1915). Rattican, G. E.,°Lanarkslea, Cornwall Gardens, London, | Si _ (March, - 1909). opis +! Raven, W. H., 239; Derby Road, Nottingham. , (October, Kenai. ee Raynor, Rey. G. H., M.A., Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, Essex. (December, i! 1909), ; iy ‘a Capt. J. S., F.Z.S., Dunheved, Caterham, Surrey, (March, 1908). rant, J. A., 82, Cambridge Street, Birmingham. (November, 1903). a Eas. G., Clayquhat, Blairgowrie. (July, 1902). OBBINS, Ha 37, New Oxford Street, London, W. (October, 1908). Rosson, J., 28, Camden Grove, Peckham, 5.E. (December, 1909). ; OGERS, W..T., 21, Priory Villas, New Road, Brentwood. (October, 1907). ocerson, Mrs. Fleurville, Cheltenham. (February, 1903). otn, Prep, G. R., Sherwood Place, Englewood, N.J., U.S:A.. (November, 1908). Roturr went, James E.,.153, Sewell Avent Brookiva: Mass:, U.S.A. *) (Feb- » - ruary, 1911). - Rourn, Col. J. J:, 2, Beechworth Villas, Cheltenham, (January, 1912). ~ Row, C. H., Dormant. (December, 1905). _ Rosisey, Lacy, 23, Rua de Terpa Pinto, Villa Nova de Gaya, Oporto, Portu- ~ gal. (October, 1911). yan, G. E., (Bar-at-law), 28, Cleveland Square, Hyde Park, London, W. 12, i Laie TOLZ) os \MUELSON, tala Hitchtora Park, Cobham, Surrey. _ (July, 1916). Scuvyi, D. G., 12, Toe-Haringylist, Rotterdam, Walland: (January, 1914). _ Scort, Lieut. B, Hamitron, Hamildean, Ipswich. (July, 1910). 4 *Scorr, A. H., Waterside Copse, Liphook, Hants. © (October, 1915). » _Scorr, J. Easton, M.B., Bifrons, Albany Road, Fleet, Hants. . (March 1908). ) Scorn, Mrs. J. Easton, Bifrons, Albany Road, Fleet, Hants. — (March, 1908). ~ Scort- Miter, R., Greenoak Hill, Broomhouse, Glasgow. (May, 1913). SeBac-Monrertore, Mrs. East Cliffe Lodge, Ramsgate. (May, 1914). HERLOCK, Rev. W. J..R., Dormant. (January, 1916). ‘Surproy, Aut; Claudesdale Road, Balham, London, $.W. (April, 1913). Sicu, H. L., Corney House, Burlington Lane, Chiswick, London, W. — (June ~ 1908) Sipesorrom, Mrs. E. / Harror, Etherow House, Hollingworth, Cheshire. : (February, 1908). he Sus, Artuurk, 260, Loughborough Road, Leicester. (January, 1911). Simpson, R. E., 1, Highthorne Grove, Ridge Road, Armley, Leeds. (Dee- ie ember, 1907). =~ ce Cep]e, 234, Milton Road; Fitzhugh, Southampton. (lebruary, 1915). Sarra-Ryvanp, Mrs., ‘Barford Hill, Warwick. (April, rgog). MiTH, J., Woodlands, Kendal. — (Janmary, 1910). MytTH, Miss. Aerepa, Priory House, Priory Road, Kew Gaidens: Surrey. (January, 1911). Rear. font Leamington Road, Bidbarn: (March, 1911). OAMES, Rev! H. A., M.A., F.L.S., Dormant ’ (Rejoined, January, 1914) omirs, Lieut. F. WAV C., TR, 66, Francis Street, Leeds. (January, ry 21907) :, Sourucomse, S. L. Hightands, Ash, Martock, Somerset. (September, 1910). akER, Mrs, Avice, Gifford Lodge, Twickenham. (April, 1915). PRANKLING, E., Dormant. (February, 1908). et it Sprawson, Capt. 1. C., R.A.M.C., 68, Southwood Lane, Highgate, London, © N. . (October, 1913). ; ce Sproston, Mrs., The Elm House, Nantwich. (January, 1911). SRE ey . | Steavenson, Mrs. Pacer, Dormant. | (January, 1915). a | (January, 1915). + wre re % Stéep, B., Be gs (May, 1914). ’ a Strrmscuen, W. E., The Bungalow, Contanchey, Gaerne (Febr uary, 19H) Srepaens, A. J. ., 22, Coventry Road, Hford. (Mebruary, 1914). : Srewarr, B.T., Glenhurst, The Crosspaths, Radlett, Herts. (February, 1914) 4 _ STOREY, ies. A., Summer Hill, Tarporley, Cheshire. ever ees uate: i Stort, A. E., 15, East, Parade, Leeds. (January, 1915). 4 Street, E., The Poplars, Oatwoods, Anslow, Burton-on-Trent. (lay, 1909) Q Srricktanp, E. A., 16,,Alma Road, Windsor. (May, 1912). ; StronG, Hersert, Redlands, Chislehurst Road, Bickley. (April, 1913). Sucerrr, R., Suggitt’s Lane, Cleethorpes, Grimsby. (December, Kee i Suagirr, W. E., Suggitt’s Lance, Cleethorpes, Grimsby. (January, 1915). Surenrerr, Aubert, Mairholme, Welholme Road, Grimsby: | (May, 1907). y Swayne, Henry, A., 29, Perey Place, Dublin. (January, 1913). ent pars a . « a Swaystanp, W., Dormant. (Original Member). a wane 3 : wy Sykes, ]., 16, Shorthope Street, Musselburgh. Piet tie Ries : : a0 ] . TAINTEGINES, BARONNE LE, CLEMENT, Db, » Cleveland oo (August, 1913). i wi Tavistock, The Marquis of, 19, Hanover Square, London. Wii anuary, - 1913). 1 TEMPLE, W. arene Datchet, Windsor. (December, oy ais ates W. . B.A., Ringmore, Teignmouth. (March, 1907). Tuomasset, B. a f SZOSe: “The Manor House, Ashmansworth, eer ‘ (July, 1912). a Tuompson, M., 4, William Street, Roslyn, Dunedin, New Zealand. ane y ? IQI1). MAAN Tnorsurn, Miss C. W., 99, Edge Lane, Liverpool. (March, 1910). Tuwarres, Dr. Girsert, B., 94, Beaconsfield Road, Br ighton. 4 (May, 1910). Tiprey, J. W., Dormant. | (January, 1912). ie Tintey, G. D!, F. New) York; ZS), Darien, Connecticut, U.S.A. (January, 1913) ; j Tomasst Batpetii, La Countessa, G., 4, Via Bien Pelico, Florence, Italy. (December, 1901). Wh Tomiinson, Marcoim, R., Shepherd’s Hotse, erate Midlothian. (April, a 1913). : ie: Tossizza, Baron .M., 15, Rue de Lubecke, Paris, France. (Maret 1916). Townsenp, ‘S.-M., (Hon. Exhibitiqgal Secretary), 3, Swift Street, (Fulham, | S.W. (Original Member). : : , Tracy, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Shaldon, Te ignmouth. @ealuien ona Travers, Mrs. Jonnson, Fern Hill, Clonakilty, co, Cork, (December, 1903). Travis, Mrs., Pedmore Grange, Stourbridge. (January, 911). f 13 NER, Herpert, 2 Tremadoc, Keyberry Road, Newton Abbott. (Febru- ary, 1915). , Turner-Turner, Mrs., Abbey Spring, Beaulieu, B rockenhurst, Hants. (Nov- ember, ahs Ul “Urv JRWwicK, D.R., St. Cross Mill, AV incuNane® (March, 1913). 4 ee avis’ 8, Broadway, Woodford, London, N.E. (May, 1943). WVarentine, E., 7, Highfield, Workington. | (December, 1911). ‘Versrranten, Mons., fugusta House, Belle Vue Road, Ramsgate. (April, 3 My 1916). Ni vy : VADDELL., Miss E. ‘G R. Peppre, 4, Crake Stuart Street, Edinburgh. (Feb- ruary, 1909). Wave, L. M., Oakhill Road, Ashstead, Surrey. (September, 1913). Jtt, Miss L -M.,-St. A., 12, Rosary Gardens, South Kensington, London, S.W. GDaccmabey, 1907). ; JALKER, Carr, Tyrie, West Park, Headingley, leeds. (March, 1916). Wattacer, Norman H. ., Ard Brugh, Dates, Co, Dublin. (June, 1917). Warp, Hon. nes Somerset, Greenmount, Newcastle, co. Down. (October, 1905). ° i Warnate, H., ae (May, 1903). Watson, S., 37, Tithebarn Street, Preston. (September, 1910). Warts, Ruporen, Dormant. (November, 1906). Wess, ‘Miss Katuarine, Dormant. (July, 1909). _ Wener, E., Kingscote, Trinity Road, Wood Green, London, N. (February, * 1915). -Werr, J. Douglas Cottage, Upper Ashley, New Milton, Hants. (December, r 1912). ; /Wesrtacorr, H., Wellington Hotel, Minehead, Somerset. . (September, 1907). Wertuey, Mrs. R. E., Lehden, Coatham, Redcar. (July, 1911). Wauistier, Huen, I. te c/o. Mrs. Whistler, Caldea House, Battle, Sussex. ; (January, 1913). mite, A. [., Gleshire, Barroby Road, Grantham. (November, 1916). HITLEY, H., Primley Hill, Paignton, S. Devon. (January, 1916). ~Wittrrorp, Hieway (Hon. Photographer), Uplands View, Haven Street, Ryde July, 1908). WititaMs, Stoney, F.Z.S., (Hon. Treasurer and Business Sberdtneyy ** Oak- : ae ?) leigh,” 110, Rincay: Palmer's Green, London, N: 13. (October, 1910) WILLiAMs, Mrs, C. Bs Emanuel Vicarage, Exeter. (January, FQII). wy PTS OF, THE: , 604, Prospect Avenue, South Pasadéna, California, J ‘POMS. A, as 917). V ViLSON, Miss F. M., 35, Emanuel Avenue, Acton, Middlesex. (March, 1906) Witson, T. bat . M.A., Harrow. Lodge, Bransgore, ‘Christchurch. (January, 1902). 41 ‘th put. SEA and Nortingnam, The Countess of Haverholme Priory, Sleaford, et fh 1903). Gant, Ei6y: pny & Winpuam, Lady E., Soham House, Newmarket, uly, 1908). ee : she WIMBLE, CHas., Thitlmere. South End Road, Beckenham: Dien I Woop, L. W., Dormant. Vatoe 191i). Woopwarp, Kernnern, N.,.1, Madison Avenue, ae York, U. iS" A. ruary, ae Workman, W.-H.,).1.Z.S;, 5 Ne B O. U,, Lismore, Windsor Relfast, 1912). ape Wricut, G. B., c/o. G. Heaton, Church Hill, Handsworth, Birmingham va (June, *1908). 4 Wricut, H., Newcombe, LL.B., Dormant. ancag. at} rab an ; Wrorttesiey,. The Hon. Wanter, B., IeZisy seisdae, inlet aa Hawkhurst (December, 1902). ‘3 -YRALLAND, James, Binstead, Ryde. (September, EQOO): elk eae re it Younc, Miss Constance, Thornhill, Alnwick. (October, 1911). Younc, Rev. IH. W., Stone Vicarage, Aylesbury, Bucks. gener 1917). Yue, Lapy, Hanstead House, Bricket Wood, Herts. Cantey, roa ae Z 7 ZOOLOGICAL ‘Soci ty, The New York, 185th Street and Southern eulevard, New York, bh Se Be (March, 1917). The Hon. Business Secretary requests that he Sich be promptly informe Of ‘any errors in the above List. Z Be Rte Bae i ’ , y se THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. _Tytropucinc New Memprers: Once more, at the commencement of another volume, we urge all to make an effort to propose at least one new _ member during the year—there are still many bird-keepers and: bird-lovers, who neither know of our Society nor its Journal, and it is impossible for _ your officers to reach more than an infinitesimal part of them—we earnestly “urge you to make Birp Norrs and The Foreign Bird Club known to every one in your locality, who is in any way interested in birds or aviculture, and so assist in increasing our usefulness and filling the gaps in our roll, caused by those who have fallen in this terrible war. 5 : Tue ILLustraTion Fund: Owing to so many of our members having been called up and consequéntly compelled to remain dormant for a time, our income, never adequate for bur needs, is still further reduced; more, there has ¥ quite recently been a still further increase in the price of blocks, etc., and we urge ali to do their utmost to send some donation, however small, to enable us, im some measure, to retain this feature in our Journal and to reduce our deficit. Moreover, we desire to arrange that those who have had to give up ~ the Journal free while thus serving; but this must entirely depend upon your response to the above fund. CoRRESPONDENCE: Owing-to war work the Hon. Secretary is quite unable to acknowledge communications and remittances as promptly as usual, _ but all receipts, etc. will be sent out with as little delay as possible. For the _ same reason, will new members kindly accept receipt of Brrp Notes as noti- fication that they have been duly elected? This will help to make the secre- arial duties as light as possible. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. Pee SIE Deficit and Illustration Funds. ; Owing to the exceptional times, increase in cost of paper, blocks, _ labour, etc., these two funds greatly need all. the help members can give good positions to serve in the Forces, and must be dormant, should receive — 16 them during the present year. The Committee gratefully acknowledge the following donations : Bo Suns Bariabys ings .% ecssens. +. vegeaie merieersd ey Ces SUG Ey IVLISS. dae. Levent etek ec ceclete Be 3 ches aoe 179 Orso Cis chet Be [ene Maa Cee Ren eh ste staal ickicns > Beg tes GUrsle ys wick aa bakers ude sete ae eee eee 42 370.12 eo Gorringe, Rev’ IRE P rea enka eas 87020 On 0 Harbord,: Miss ie sieeept essen hae OV TINO! CEB witht SD, O00 ic, 2 cae ee Reno O11 Oo Teach wy (Pst 2) eee. Rea ee eee 010 0 Millen: FR: SCQtt orice, see tis eaeee ee seal 0 10 0 Minnidiy;> WMissGS aah \. ..vecanctiaeiunradaneg 25 SO Sy Col nit foal DR Ces in on re HAULS oo / 010 0 Votttis|< Maisstahcoccan sacthae aut scece ene sene 010 0 ah eat A ee » Proposed for Election as Members. _ Mrs.-V. Hirst Hasson, The Low Hall, Killinghall, Harrogate. By J. W. Marsden. ie : ——_—_>——_— The Bird Market. — , nea Memprers’ Rares: Tour words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- members and displayed rates on application. — » MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS FOR SALE: Pair Californian Quail, 15s; hens, Gees Bishop, 38., Saffron | Finch, 3s. 6d. WANTED: Hen Cuban Finch and pair Rufous-tailed Grassfinches—R. Suggitt, Suggitt’s Lane, Cleethorpes. WANTED: Breeding pair of Cockateels, and two Yellow Budgerigar hens, or would exchange Yorkshire Canaries for same—Mrs. Mackness, 22, Cyprus Road, Finchley, N.3. ; WANTED: About 80 yards din. mesh wire netting—A. Scott, Waterside — Copse, Liphook, Hants. WANTED: Cock Leadbeater’s Cockatoo, also hens Crimson-wing and ~ Barnard’s Parrakeets—C, c/o Editor, Bird Notes, Langstone, bingield, f Surrey. 3 WANTED: Really good Roller Canary, cock, low, sweet song, young bird preferred. Cash or exchange—J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, Ashbourne. a DR. ICK-HEWINS, of Manaia, Taranaki, New Zealand, would be glad to — hear of second-hand Vols. of Birp Notes, or other illustrated Books on Birds for sale at a reasonable price. t t FEBRUARY, 1918.. The Foreign Bird Club. eA (Continued from page 1). Magazine Committee : | Dr. M. AMSLER ; Captain L. Lovett-Krays, M.B., o R.A.M.C., F.Z.S. 5 W. Snore Bairy Dr. J. E. R. McDonacu oe Lt, W. A: BAINBRIDGE, A:S.¢. Rev. G. H. Raynor, M.A. | ; Cart. Pritiip Gosse, M.D., M.B.O.U.Dr. J. Easton Scorr 4 RifMC. , __H. Gray, M.R.C.VS. - Ser,-May. R. Succitr gy Dr. N.S. Lucas, R.A.M.C. : H. WILLFoRD Show Committee : | «Lr. W. A. Batnsriper, A.S.C. Tue Hon. Mrs. G. Bourke Lavy KATHLEEN PILKINGTON Stantey M. Townsenp, (Hon. Sec. ): Social Committee : Mrs. C. ANNINGSON \ W. BAMrorp ; How. Mrs. G. Bourke W. T. Rocers (Hon. Sec.) Mrs. E. A. H. Hartrey “ Se.-Lz. A. Sutciirre ih W. R. TEMPLE 4 ay Awards Committee: © Hon. W. B. Wrottestey, F. ZS E. W. CHaPiin , —_— _ THe Countess or WINCHILSEA Auditor. Scrutineer. sa C. F. Crow. E, E, Benttey, HH. Bricut =~ He Sen.-May. R. Sucertr (Hon. Sec.) ‘ 18 a | Rules. | 1. The objects of ‘‘ Tur Forercn Brrp Crus”’ shall be the mutual encouragement and assistance of the members in keeping and breeding all species of Birds, and the exhibiting of Foreign Birds and the improvemeni of Shows in regard to them. 2. The Club shall be composed of members. Every member shall pay an entrance fee of 2s. 6d., and an annual subscription of ros. Sub- scriptions shall be due and payable in advance on the rst of January in each year. If any member’s subscription shall be more than three months overdue, he shall be suspended from all benetits of the Club, and if more than nine months overdue, notice of ltis having ceased to be a Member of the Club} and of the cause, may be published in Notices to Members; and on such notice being published he shall cease to be a member accordingly, but his hability for overdue subscriptions shall continue. 3. New Members shall bé proposed in writing by a Member of the Club; and the name and address of every person thus proposed, with the name of the person proposing him, shall be published in the Notices to Mem- bers. Unless the Candidate shall, within fourteen days after the publication P of his name, be objected to by at least two Members, he shall be duly elected. If two or more Members shall lodge with either of the Secretaries objections to any Candidate, he shall not be elected, but the signature to the signed objections must be verified by the Scrutineer. The Secretaries and the Scrutineer shall not disclose the names of the objectors. 4. Any member wishing to resign at the end of the current year of the Club shall give notice of his intention to one of the Secretaries before the 31st of December, and in default of such notice he shall be liable to the following year’s subscription. 5. The Officers of the Club shall be elected from the Members, and- shall consist/of a President, one or more Vice-presidents, an Auditor, a Scrutineer, one or more Secretaries, a Treasurer, a Veterinary Surgeon, a Council of Twenty-four Members, and such number of Judges as shall from time to time be determined by the Council. The Editor, Secretaries, Treas- urer, and Veterinary Surgeon shall be ex-officio members of the Council. Three Members of the Council shall retire annually by seniority, but are eligible for re-election. The Editor, Secretaries, and Treasurer shall be elected trienially. The Council and Judges shall be elected in a manner heren:- after provided. The other officers shall be elected annually at a meeting of : 4 the Council, immediately after their own election, ; Oe id ile ¥ sae a "mat 19 Aq 6. The election for the three annual vacancies on the Council, and the | Judges, shall take place every year between the 15th November and the sth December. The Secretaries shall ascertain which of the Members are willing ~ members, showing the offices for which they are respectively seeking election. | Each Member shall make a (x) opposite the names of those for whom he _ desires to vote, and shall sign the paper at the foot, and send it in a sealed | The Scrutineer shall prepare a return of the officers elected, showing the _ number of votes recorded for each Candidate, and send it one of the Secre- | taries for publication in the Notices to Members for December. The Scrutineer shall not reveal to any person how any Member shall have voted. _ In the event of an equality of votes the president shall have a casting vote. 4 7. Dealers in birds shall not be. eligible for election to any office in Bs: the Club, except that of Judge. For the purpose of this rule, any Member who habitually buys birds with the intention of selling them again, shall be 4 deemed a bird dealer.. Before the annual eection of officers, the Secretaries shall submit to the Council the list of Members willing to stand for election to the Secretaryship, the Treasurership, and the Council; and the Council "shall remove from the list the name of any Candidate who shall be, in the ~ opinion of the Council, a dealer in birds, within the meaning of this rule. The 7 decision of the Council or of any Committee to whom the Council shall a delegate its power under this rule, shall be final. When a dealer is proposed | ' “as a Member of this Club, the fact of his being a dealer shall be stated in _ the Notices to Members. ‘ 8. It shall be lawful for the Council to delegate any of its powers to q a committee. E. 9. The Council may appoint an Arbitration Committee, which may decide questions at issue between Members, when requested to do so by both parties. Any decision of such Committee shall be final. , Except to the extent permitted by this rule, the Club and its officers shall decline to concern . themselves with disputes between Members. 10. The Council shall have power to alter and add to these Rules, but shall give the members notice of any proposed alteration or addition, and in the event of six members objecting thereto within fourteen days, the proposed alterations or additions shall be submitted to the votes of the Members. 4 Failing such objection the alteration shall date from its “adoption by the - Council, . ! . 2 or about the 15th of November a voting paper containing a list of all such Ty ~ OF at Re eee Ae ee ee ee ——as at. a 20 d 12: Neither the office of Scrutineer por that of Auditor shall be held for two consecutive years by the same person. The Scrutineer shall mot be a Candidate at any Election at which he acts as Scrutineer. : 13. If any office becomes vacant at any time other than the end of the current year of the Club, the Council shall have power to appoint any Member to fill the vacancy. 14. The decision of the majority of the Council shall be final and binding on the Club, but a resolution passed by the Council shall not be acted upon unless there be an absolute majority of the Cotncil (and not merely of those voting) in its favour. Bitlet eR) AL, Rules Governing Club’s Patronage at Shows. 1. The patronage of the F.B.C: is given at all OPEN SHOWS, provided the ~ following conditions are observed. (a) At least three classes must be provided for FOREIGN BIRDS (excluding local and members’ classes, in which no bird competing for 4 F.B.C. patronage may be shown). (b) The classification and name of the judge must be submitted by «Show Secretaries, when applying for patronage. , pe $ ; (c) Those societies obtaining patronage must print in the schepule that the section is under the patronage of the F.B.C. (d) That no alteration (amalgamation or cancellation) of classes must be made, or the judges changed without giving notice to he Hon. Show Secretary of the F.B.C., in which case the original patronage does not hold good. ; All MEDALS are awarded to BEST BIRDS (but the Committee have the right to award extra medals for special purposes) and no silver medal is granted where less than six classes are provided. iS) Dy 3. Members of the F.B.C. must place F.B. €. after each entry on Mie forms, and should request show secretaries to print these initials in their catalogues. 4. No Member can win more than two medals in a season, i.e.; one silver and one bronze, or more than one medal at the same show. rae 21 % The London Silver Cup is offered for competition at all Shows under patronage in the London Postal District, where ten or more classes are _ given, and the Provincial Silver Cup at shows outside this area, for points gained throughout the season by nominated birds. aa. These Cups become the property of those who have won them three times “eh (not necessarily in succession), and only three birds at each Show can be nominated, which is done by writing the word “Cup ”’ after the entries on entry form. If members nominate more than three birds they will be disqualified for that show. BZ These conditions only hold good where Show Societies and Members observe the rules. Failure to conform annuls all offers, and the birds of a member whose subscription is unpaid at the time of making an entry are ineligible to compete. Points for the Cup to count as follows: ist, 7 points; 2nd, 6 points; and one point off for each lower award. Should a tie take place, the member taking the most prize money to win. 9. Any item not herein provided for, may be dealt with at the discretion of the Show Committee. Sane Rules re Breeding Medals. The F.B.C. Medal for Beene a Speciee or Hybrid for the first time in - captivity in Great Britain, will be awarded on the following conditions only : ; (a) As detailed ‘am account of the success as possible must be sent for publication in Birp Norrs as soon as the young can fend for themselves. (5) The Awards Committee, whose decision shall be final, to make the awards trom the Secret tary’s data, and the published articles record- y ing successes. (c) The.awards will be made, and the medals distributed at the close of each successive season, or as soou afterw ards as the publication of said articles permit, , : ge _ 22 2. SPECIES: The young must be reared to be independent of their parents. be the record is not eligible for the medal; except in the case of parasitic species. : : : ' 3. HYBRIDS: For any cross not previously reared in captivity, between any two species—the domestic Canary as one of the parents alone being excepted. A crosssbetween any two species is only once recognised, e.g., Parson Finch x Long-tailed Grassfinch, and Long-tailed Grass- finch x Parson Finch ave reckoned as the same Hybrid for the pur- poses of this award, and whichever was secured first would hold the record. The eggs must.be incubated and the young reared by the pair of birds producing the eggs, or the record will not be eligible for a medal. St aS Notices to Members. : New Mempsers are requested to accept receipt of Brrp Notes as notifi- cation that they have been duly elected, and remit their subsription and entrance fee to the Hon. Treasurer. Wants: Copy for the Journal, new members, and donations to the Deficit and Illustration Funds.. Members are pressingly requested to assist ~ to their uttermost in each of these three important needs in these abnormal times. ' SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. 4 WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. t oo, ‘Deficit and Illustration Funds. These two funds are in great need of all the support members can giv them. The Committee acknowledge with best thanks the following donations : i es cnde Anonymous. +i.33//. Bena yhenesyae ies Dea Uns Sid Doles an 0 5 0 Bright), Ty Ay Seite Smartt ac aeaceroapiee ta erannn teas 1) fie) ‘Above list is incomplete, omissions will be included in newt issue, 23 Proposed for Election as Members. Case, Mrs. A. M., Holmbury, Silverdale Road, Eastbourne, By Mrs. Chatterton. Gregson, Mrs. C. B., c/o Messrs. Andrew Yule and Co., 8, Clive Row, ~ Caleutta, By E. W. Harper. ue ~~ 4 pie, Aaa ? New Members Elected. 4 Mrs. V. Hirst Hansson, The Low Hall, Killinghall, Harrogate. —_—_ —— Errata Re Roll. “ Hogg, Hon. Norah,” should read, Hogg, Hon. Norah Mégarel. ” ** Malden, Vicountess,’’ should read, Essex, Countess of ““ Sprawson, Capt. T. C., R.A.M.C.,”’ should read, Sprawson, Capt. BE. CG, MC, RAM. Perreau, Mrs. G. A:, to Bakloh, Punjab, India. Sprankling, E., to Brookland Cottage, South Road, Taunton. ——————— / The Bird Market. MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS plumage, has reared five broods.—Miss M. Drummond, Mains of Meg- ginch, Errol, Perthshire. ; : 5 WANTED: Hens, Zebra and Fire Finches, to purchase or in exchange for fe cock, Canaries, splendid songsters.—J. Smith, Woodlands, Kendal. . WANTED : Cock Leadbeater’s Cockatoo; also hens Barnard’s and Crimsor® wing Patrakeets—Miss L. Clare, The Hollies, Coombe Lane, Wimble- don, London, S.W. _ WANTED: Hens: Green Cardinal, Black Tanager, and cock Cape Dove.— c/o Editor, Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey, “i -¢ d : pte eee THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. List of Coloured Plates : which have appeared in Brrp Nores, the Journal of the Club. Bie 1 a AL Pian ; . Gold-and Green Tanager Flame-breaste Flower-pecker Orange-flanked Parrakeet A Beautiful Aviary ‘Vinaceous Firefidch * Stellas’ Lories . Yellow Sparrow »Blue-billed Weaver a Three-coloured Tanager Black and Yellow Creeper 4 * Cornish Chough - .. Uveean Parrakeet 4 Indian Roller Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon , Blue Budgerigar Black-backed Tanager Loo Choo Robin 4 * Golden-crowned Conure Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- — Senegal Parrot catcher Sepoy Finch * Queen Alexandra Parrakeet’ ; Waxwing ; Crimson-ringed Whydah q Gouldian Finch Indian White-eyes | Bronze Cuckoo _ Fairy Blue-Bird — Superb Tanager Blue-rumped Parrot Haw-headed. Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Group of Spermophila Red-breasted Flycatcher Green-billed Toucan Large Niltava Yellow-winged Sugarbird Red-spotted Conure Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Colombian and Hooded Siskins Blue and Black, and Vieillot’s Tana- * Mexican or Green Jay gers Black-cheeked Tanager Jerdon’s Green Bulbul Violet or Dusky Parrot Malabar, and Gold-fronted Green Painted Finch Bulbuls ; Great or Giant Barbet Red-billed Blue-Pie Cuban Trogan Red-tailed Muila Rainbow Bunting 3 Brown-backed Robin Black-winged Lory ’ A Sunbirds OPT sia ce al < Price 1/6 each, except those marked * which are 1/- each. Postage 1d. extra. <> ' Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtaine:l from the Publisher, J. H. HENSTOCK,- Tue Avian Press, ASHBOURNE, DERBYSHIRE, - "25 MARCH, 1918. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. et re 9 oe ne A RR NaN ae Sane Notices to Members. Prates IN Last Issur: We regret that, with one exception, the names of the photographer were not included by the printer—they were as follows: Green Cardinals—photo H. Willford. Peaceful Doves—photo E. O. Page. Diamond Dove on Nest—photo H. Wiliford. Memesers’ SALES AND EXCHANGES AND PERPETUATION OF SPECIES IN OUR Aviaries: We-would draw attention again to the scheme brought forward 7 by the Marquis of Tavistock on pages 45-—8 of last issue. If any members having pairs which may reasonably expect to breed this season, from the fact that young were reared in 1917, will send in their names and a list of such species in accordance with the above, a tentative list, at any rate, could appear: - in April B.N. We trust there will be a good response, as, some such scheme should be a boon to members generally. Tue Macazine: The Editor solicits copy from members, so that the contents of the Club Journal may be varied and of practical interest to all on avicultural topics of the moment. We are disappointed that our Corres- pondence pages are not more extensively used—these are open to members to discuss ayiculture generally, and it would add to our interest if avicultural doubts, difficulties, successes, failures, etc., were freely discussed here. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. Errata re Roll. The following entries in roll should be as under and not as printed : Miss L. Nelson (not Mrs. as in list). Mrs. A. L. Tracy, Halsham, Teignmouth, S. Devon. Changes and Corrections of Address. Lt. W. A. Bainbridge to Keyneston Manor, Tarrant Keyneston, Blandford. Proposed for Election as Members. Harrison, T. O., 127, Hastings Road, Sunderland, By S. Wiliams. ' Goytino, J. P., 820, Summit Avenue, Los Angeles? California, U.S.A., By Lk, i ltcenbon- : Ayton, Edward, 71, Grosvenor Street, London, W., 1., By the Hon. Editor. Snape, Major Ay og) RE a Malvern, Churchfields, Salisbury, By S. Wilhams. i = New Members Elected. > ; ) Case, Mrs. A. M. Holmbury, Silverdale Road, Eastbourne. Gregson, Mrs. C.B., c/o Messrs. Andrew Yule and Co., 8, Clive Row, Calcutta, India. Deficit and Illustration Funds. These two funds urgently need all the help members can give them. The Committee acknowledge with best thanks the following donations :— ©£s. d: Barnaby Massie: cen ashietae sp ccn-aeteateeeenee tastes O35 a40 Calv.oconesst Pgh, |e wee cnt wanvannc neds Reatcees 2) 2D Chiistic, Mes. (Gu este a sniaat ou atten Prat ; harper pds;, SV Al satis sie tec anens coe eeeeeraneteeeaes ps) 1 kORNG Pha wikis; S) aug tact ckecsinv craters denies ERR pe each 010 0 E¥ebhy Libs. 2 Soe a A cst ttnsnaseemueun 010 0. Marsden) i) SAWWIN pk wens teen nen teeth etgelteveds eaeecee 010 0 Rothwell: jv.2/7 (Smiru, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season's successes: but members may make prospective bookings with +them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus ys may reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members _ will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early -as possible. . The Bird Market. Members’ Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS \ WANTED: One hen, and possibly another couple, Gold-breasted Waxbills; ‘ also the same of Blue-breasted Waxbills.—P. Calvocoressi, Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. ’ WANTED: One hen Yellow Budgerigar, and two cock Green Budgerigars for breeding in outdoor aviary. Fags Montefiore, East Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. WANTED: Hen Blossom-headed Pac ithet. and a B. H. Gouldian Finch Y cock. FOR SALE: Hen Cockateel. -—Bright, Lynton, Eaton Road, '__ Cressington Park, Liverpool. ; . WANTED: A cock Cockateel, adult bird; also breeding hen Yellow Budgeri- gar.—Mrs. Wethey, Lehden, Redear. WANTED: Pairs, Green or Yellow Budgerigars; Diamond Doves; Red- _Tump Parrakeets. —Turner, Tremadoc, Newton Abbot. A ~ ——ow -- sar ee 30 FOR SALE: Breeding pair of clear Yellow Budgerigars, also a cock Zebra Finch:—Mrs. Chatterton, 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N. ®. | WANTED: Hens, several Zebra Finches, Black -Tanager, and Green Cardi- nal; also cock Cape Dove. FOR SALE: Several cock Zebra Finches.— Page, Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey. SS THE FOREIGN: BIRD CLUB. LIST OF COLOURED PLATES which have appeared in Brrp Nores, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. " Orange-flanked Parrakeet A Beautiful Aviary Vinaceous Firefinch * Stellas’ Lories Yellow Sparrow Blue-billed Weaver Three-coloured Tanager : Black and Yellow Creeper * Cornish Chough Uveean Parrakeet Indian Roller Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise is Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Blue Budgerigar Black-backed Tanager Loo Choo Robin * Golden-crowned Conure Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- Senegal Parrot Tee catcher Sepoy Finch * Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Waxwing 5 Crimson-ringed Whydah Gouldian Finch Indian White-eyes © Bronze Cuckoo Fairy Blue-Bird Superb Tanager Blue-rumped Parrot Haw-headed Parrot Melba, and Red- faced Finches. Group of Spermophila Red-breasted Flycatcher Green-billed Toucan . Large Niltava Yellow-winged Sugarbird : Red-spotted Conure Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Colombian and Hooded Siskins * Blue and Black, and Vieillot’s Tana- * Mexican or Green Jay gers ; Black-cheeked Tanager Jerdon’s Green Bulbul Violet or Dusky Parrot | Malabar, and Gold-fronted Green Painted Finch Bulbuls Great or Giant Barbet Red-billed Blue-Pie Cuban Trogan Red-tailed Muila Rainbow Bunting Brown-backed Robin Black-winged Lory Sunbirds Price 1/6 each, except those marked * which are the each. ' Postage 1d. extra. Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtained from the Publisher, J. HW. HENSTOCY, The Avian Press, Ashbourne, Terbyshire. 2 31 MAY, 1918. A THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. Important; In these days of paper shortage we cannot repeat notices tion Fund, etc., all of which are highly important, especially so in view of the _ increased postal rates, which will shortly come into force. .. \ 4 es . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: These re general enquiries, remittances, etc., _ will be dealt with as promptly as possible, but it is impossible to attend to _ them with pre-war time precision. ‘ “SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. E ; see, Se Deficit and Mlustration Funds. These two funds are in great need of all the support members can give ein Su, id SRM oat A). 2 i223) ease Suc sas sone daveb nek 2 0°0 _ Henderson, Mrs. W. Ee Rien on aeton buses yeahs OeLE oO Obituary. ' Miss L. B: Nelson, The Wych, Sandbanks, Parkstone, Dorset, deceased April, 1918. ee Ae Rae Nott, Changes and Corrections of Address. Mrs. Naylor, to Alton House, Mersey Road, Aigburth, Eieracal. ’ Ae ee ee --. 7 sae ag ee eo et hoe Ss * 32 New Members Elected. Anson, E. R., The Manor House, Aldingbourne, Chichester. H. G., The Duchess of Wellington, Ewhurst Park, near Basingstoke, Hants. Dickinson, Mrs. W. G., Welbeck Estate, Lovedale, Nilgiris, S. India. Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N. , page 98). THE MARQUIS OF Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants. Stanley Parrakeets. ; ar . Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves . Conures Necklace Doves v4 Diamond Doves 4 a Bricut, H. E., Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington. Park, Liverpool. - 4 ' Cockateels Green Cardinals Budgerigars Doves, Violet Peach-faced Lovebirds A Diamond — Pope Cardinals » Red Mountain Long-tailed Grassfinches - Pigeons, Geoffry’s : Diamond Finches Zebra Finches . ——_ Buxerss, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, Redland, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars a Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. Cuatrerton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8 Cockateels ' Budgerigars wo Catvocoressi, P. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. Zebra Finches. me UR Pa ] seta J., F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. Hiue-bred Green Budgerigars. yt rie: 4 / 33 Smita, J., Woodlands, Kendal. ’ Stanley Parrakeets, Many-colour Parrakeets. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon _ the season's successes; but members may make prospective bookings with _ them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus -may reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members ; will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. FSI e The Bird Market. : ’ : Mempers’ Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- - members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent ~ to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS '_ FOR SALE: A good talking Lemon-crested Cockatoo, exceptional bird; also a Yellow-fronted Amazon, says a few words. Fuller particulars from Mrs. Yealland, Binstead, Isle of Wight. ; ' FOR SALE: 2 hen Barbary Doves, 3s. each, or exchanges for a cock of any species, or would buy a cock.—Mrs. ee ada ar Hawthorns, Tickhill, : Rotherham. FOR SALE: Pair of Jendaya Parrakeets, acclimatised and in good condi- ; tion, from outdoor aviary. WANTED: Hen Zebra Finch.—Hawkins, Belvedere, Streetly Lane, Sutton Coldfield. _ WANTED: Pair Blossom-headed Parrakeets, also pair of Malabar Parra- keets, or would buy cock or hen of either species; also wanted Blue Budgerigars.—Hebb, Brooklea, Downs, Luton, Beds. WANTED: Cock Gouldian Finch. hat Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressing- ton Park, Liverpool. WANTED: Hen Budgerigar, or sell cock, which won Ist in open show.— _ Shipton, 71, Cloudesdale Road, Balham, London, S.W. _ FOR SALE: Three fine *‘ Palace ’’ aviary cages.—Mrs. Nelson, The Wych, S Sandbanks, Parkstone, Dorset. ; - WANTED: Pairs of brightly plumaged Seed-eaters, also cock Blue Tanager, must be acclimatised specimens. —Capt. J.S. Rees; Dunheved, Caterham, Surrey. - WANTED: Light, Riear Yellow Batecret hen.—J. Marsden, Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. a oe ~ Fe eT ae ee esa Ve eee, 34 THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. LIST OF COLOURED, PLATES: which have appeared in Brrp Nores, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Thrée-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory * * Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas’ Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uvean Parrakeet Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. ' Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs*) Blue and Black, and Vieillot’s Tana- ~ gers Jerdon’s Green Bulbul Malabar, and Gold-fronted Green Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds Price 1/6 each, except those marked * which are 1/- each. Postage Id. extra. s <>. Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtained from the Publisher, J. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, ASHBOURNE, DERBYSHIRE. ‘ 35 JUNE, 1918. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. é Notices to Members. THE MaGazine: The cost of production still increases, postal rates also ae again advanced, and we must urge a larger number to respond to the appeal for donations to the Illustration and Deficit Funds; moreover in these days of recuced credit, a strong effort should be made to clear off our deficit, which un- fortunately has been increased by a fairly large amount of unpaid subscriptions ; doubtless some of this will be ‘forthcoming when our surviving members return to civilian life again ; but, we think, in spite of ‘‘the times,” we should each do our for ever to this hindrance to the Club’s efficiency and well-being. Again, so few think that any part:in the club’s work falls upon them ; true, our thoughts have been much occupied with weightier things, hut, we think without shirking in the least the call of Country and National Service, etc , some little thought can be giver to the supply of copy for our Journal, and lightening the burden of our officers—will those tho have wt yet paid their subscriptions kindly take this hiut 2- by doing alittle to make a difficult task as little hurdensome as possible, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer, WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. a! REE ENS Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., pame 98). Tue Marouis or Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants. Stanley Parrakeets. ’ BatLy, W, SuHore, Boyers House; Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures ~ Necklace Doves Diamond Doves Team Ne : Bricut, H. E., Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. Cockateels Green Cardinals Budgerigars \ Doves, Violet Feach-faced Lovebirds ~ hes Diamond Pope Cardinals nS Red Mountain Long-tailed Grassfinches Pigeons, Geoffry’s Diamond Finches Zebra Finches part, even to the point of sacrifice, to at once contribute our utmost to put an end - 36 Burcess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, Redland, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. = , Carterton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8. Cockateels Budgerigars ' i Catvocoressi, P. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. * Zebra Finches. ; 4 ¥, J ‘i *i Marspen, J., F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. : / we SMITH, J., Woodlands. Kendal. ae Stanley Parrakeets. : Many-colour Parrakeets. _ It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depenu upon the season’s successes ; but members may make prospective bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may reasonably he expected to do so a- gain. It ishoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A deserintive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. > Illustration & Deficit Funds. These two funds need a lthe help members can give them, the smallest con-* tribution will be thanyfully received by the Hon. Treas. The Committee acynow- ledge with best thanys the following donations : Ao steeds Chaplin, Lady on me 2-020 Chawner, Miss E, bas PER. 010 0 Edmunds, W. matt am ATE TOS! Henderson, Mrs.- © - ai Sea OTTO White, A. I iv cs Oh Oe td “ AIRED ar DRIES 1h Proposed for Election as Members. W. A. Brackenbridge, 525 Orange Grove Avenue, South Passaden, California, U.S.A. By T. F. Williamson. Dr. J. E. Sidgwick, 95 Lawsone Road, London, 8. F., 15. By the Hon. Editor. 37 Changes and Corrections of Address. PUN ah CE Maa The Bird Market. Memepers’ Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- "members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent ' to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. \ MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS . _ FOR SALE: 2 hen Barbary. Doves, 3/- each, or exchanges or a cock of any species, or would buya cock. — Mrs. Cartwright, ‘Hawthorns, Tickhill. ¥ ‘ Rotherham. ; : “WANTED: Hen Zebra Finch.— Hawkins, faglvedare: Streetly Lane. Sutton ; Coldfield S WANTED : Pai Blossom—headed Parakeets, also pair of Malabar Parra:- _ keets, or would buy cock or hen of either species; also wanted Blue Budgerigars.— Hebb, Brooklea, Downs. Luton, Beds FOR SALE: 3 fine “Palace” aviary» cages. Mrs. Nelson, The Wych, Sandbanks, Parkstone, Dorset. ‘ er “WAN TED: Light, clear Yellow Rudgerigar hen —J. Marsden, Thornhurst. ‘Dewit Park, ~ Harrogate. WAN’ (RD: Hen Yellow Budgerigar from outdoor aviary. FOR SALE: Cardinal... Mrs. Wethey, Lahden, Redear, Yorks. pair; also young Yorkshire Canaries.—Mrs Mackness, 22 Cypress Road, Finchley, London, N., 3. FOR SALE: 2 Breeding pairs African Ring-neck Parrakeets, £4 per pair W *NTED: Hen Bourke’s Parrakeet, to purchase or on loan for breed- ing.—M arqnis of Tavistock. W arblington House, Havant, Hants. FOR SALE: Handsome Goldfinch x Bullfinch Hybrid cock, 50s. ; Goldfinch x Redpoll hybrid cock, 30s.—E. Lamb, Alverstone, New Malden, ‘Surrey. > WANTED: Genuine blue-bred hen Green Budgerigar.—Hon. Mrs. Bourke’ - Hitchin Vale, Taplow. q WANTED: pairs, White-eyes, Y ellow- wing Sugarbirds, Cirl Buntings, hen 7 Blue ‘Tanager. FOR SALE: Perfect. finger- tame Senegal Parrot, £4 10s. Od.—Captain J. 8. Reeve, Dunheved. Caterham, Surrey ) ee bing ee Finger tame St. Thomas’ Conure, talks a little, a great pet Pair of Severe Macaws, very tame, £10: Tui Parakeets, £4; Red., hhonded Lovebirds, £4 ; Green Fruit Pigeons, £3: Green-winged Doves. £3; Bronze-winged Doves, £25 Masked Dov es, £2: Peaceful Doves, £1; Hybrid Necklace x Senegal Doves, £1 ; all out of doors and in fine con: dition. —W. Shore Baily, Boyers House. Westbury, Wilts. 1G ¥ « POR SALE: A few pairs of very fine, young Green Budgerigars, 15/6 per tT ASS -~ a ee ~ ee : : | 38 THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. LIST OF COLOURED PLATES. which have appeared in Brrp Nores, the Journal of the Club. * Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory * * Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas’ Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uvean Parrakeet ; Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-tilled’ Fily- catcher Queen Alexandra Parakeet. Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher — Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot’ s Tana- gers | Jerdon’s Green Bulbul Malabar, and Gold-fronted Green Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie te Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds Price 1/6 each, except those marked * which are 1/- each. Postage 1d. extra. - ——_ <> Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtained — from the Publisher, J. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, ASHBOURNE, DERBYSHIRE. JULY, 1918. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. ee Notices to Members. . Donations and Unparp SuBScRIPTIONS.—Donations are much needed to keep Club affairs in good order; té counteract the still increasing cost of producing Brrp Notes and dormant members, and all are urged to do their utmost in this matter. We regret that at time of going to press no notices have been received from the Secretary—these will appear next month. It is “pressingly urgent that all unpaid subscriptions should be remitted at once, _. and we ask that those in default will send same to the Hon. Sec. at once, and thus save the Club funds the cost of further postal notification. Tur Macazine: The Hon. Editor needs copy on all topics of Avicul- ture ; also notes of all species of birds in their native haunts. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. 7 igs Ans. Y, RDB Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98): Tue Marguis or Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants. | Stanley Parrakeets. Saree ; *, re , Fs y Batty, W,, SHore, Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets . Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets . Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures Necklace Doves { Ro eaiy Diamond Doves fee b Bricat, H. E., Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. Cockateels” Green Cardinals ; Budgerigars Doves, Violet _ Pearh-faced Lovebirds igh Diamond _, ~ Pope Cardinals y Red Mountain _ Long-tailed Grassfinches + Pigeons, Geoffry’s Diamond Finches ay Zebra Finches Sy ee ee eh = 4 40 Burcess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, Redland, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars / Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. ———_—_-_-_—— CuatTerton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8. Cockateels 5 Budgerigars ee es 8 Catvocoressi, P. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. — Zebra Finches. - - Marspgn, J., F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. woe SmitH, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. - Many-colour Parrakeets. — It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register ,and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season’s successes; but members may make prospective bookings with them. All have pairs’ which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. pi . > Illustration & Deficit Funds. _ These two funds néed all the help members can give them, the smallest contribution will be thankfully received by the Hon. Treas. The Committee acknowledge with best thanks the following donations : St ‘ d. Sid Swick:t Drain ceisih tesmen-ntenntdarcpeseasaees Oe 7 ao NI ‘ te Proposed for Election as Members. W. A. Brackenbridge, 525 Orange Grove Avenue, South Passaden, California, TF SeAy ° Dr. J. E. Sidgwick, 95 Lawsone Road, London, S.E., 15. gic a eee ee eee 38 The Bird Market. Mempers’ Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- ~ members and displayed rates.on application. Advertisements should be sent _ to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. } oe ‘ MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS WANTED: Hen Zebra Finch.—Hawkins, Belvedere, Streetly Lane, Sutton Coldfield. FOR SALE: 3 fine “‘ Palace’ aviary cages.—Mrs, Nelson, The Wych, Sandbanks, Parkstone, Dorset. - WANTED: Light, clear Yellow Budgerigar hen.—]. Marsden, Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. - WANTED: Hen Yellow Budgerigar from outdoor aviary. ine SALE: Cardinal. Mrs. Wethey, Lahden, Redcar, Yorks. | WANTED: Genuine blue-bred hen Green Budgerigar—Hon. Mrs. Bourke, Hitchin Vale, Taplow. _" WANTED: Pairs, White-eyes, Yellow-wing Sugarbirds, Cirl Buntings, hen Blue ‘Tanager. FOR SALE: Perfect finger-tame Senegal Parrot, £4 10s. od.—Captain J. S. Reeve, Dunheved, Caterham, Surrey. _ FOR SALE: 3 young Rosellas, fine, strong, healthy birds, 35s. each; one, very fine, cock Red-rump, 35s.; one cock Pennant’s, has reared young, 65s. ; one, very fine, cock Crimson-wing, an extta fine bird, £7.—T. Hebb, Brooklea, The Downs, Luton, Beds FOR SALE: Breeding pair Red-rumps, £5 ,5s.; 2 adults, cocks, Blue x Green Budgerigars ; Champion bred Italian Greyhound pup bitch, golden- fawn, 44 Ibs. WANTED: Rare Parrakeets.—Miss L. Clare, 194 Coombe Lane, Wimbledon, S.W. FOR SALE: A few lovely Bengalese, 20s. each; hen Vinaceous Firefinch, 30s.—Mrs. Galloway, Fernville, Fortis Green, East Finchley, London, N. FOR SALE: 1 African Green Singing Finch, hen; 1 cock Zebra Finch.— Miss E. Ormsby, Silverfields, Harrogate. FOR SALE: A cock Yellow Weaver, large, with black head, in finest plumage, from outdoor aviary.—Mrs. Storey, Summerhill, Tarporley, Cheshire. TOR SALE: 4 adult Green, Blue-bred, Budgerigars; 1 hen Virginian Card- . inal, has laid, £4 1os.; 1 cock Red-crested Cardinal, £4; 1 breeding par . Red-rumps, £5. EXCHANGE, or for the following: sale, or hens for cocks: 1 hen Long-tail Grassfinch; 1 hen Rosella, has laid eggs; stamp reply will oblige—Mrs. Burgess, Kingsweir, 52 Clarendon Road, Redland Bristol. / , ) 3 : Als \ 42 WANTED: True pairs of any Weavers, particularly Orange and Madagas a car Bishops. Good prices. given for healthy acclimatised birds. —Duchess. ° of Wellington, Ewhurst, Basingstoke. WANTED: Hen Pennant’s Parrakeet; can any member sell me a good specimen in thie hope of breeding ?—O. Millsum, The Firs, Westwood, Margate. a WANTED: 2 hen Zebra Finches.—Major A. E. Snape, R.A.F., Malvern, Churchfields, Salisbury. WANTED: To purchase a hen’Zebra Finch, or would give an accl’matised — cock Firefinch in exchange for same.—J. Smith, Woodlands, Kendal. THE ROREIGN BIRD CLUB. List of Coloured Plates which have appeared in Bird Notes, ‘the J ournal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. Orange-flanked Parrakeet A Beautiful Aviary Vinaceous Firefinch * Stellas’ Lories Yellow Sparrow Blue-billed Weaver Three-coloured Tanager Black and Yellow Creeper * Cornish Chough ‘ Uvean Parrakeet / Indian Roller Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Blue Budgerigar Black-backed Tanager Loo Choo Robin a * Golden-crowned Conure ; ‘Purple Sunbird and Great billed ak Senegal Parrot catcher Sepoy Finch * * Queen Alexandra Parrakeet — Waxwing Crimson-ringed Whydah Gouldian Finch Indian White-eyes Bronze Cuckoo » Fairy Blue-Bird Superb Tanager Blue-rumped Parrot Haw-headed Parrot Melba, and Red-faced. Finches. Group of Spermophila Red-breasted Flycatcher _ Green-billed Toucan Large Niltava Yellow-winged Sugarbird Red-spotted Conure Blue, and Maroon Tanagers ( Parrot Finches (7 figs.) : Colombian and Hooded Siskins Blue and Black, and Vieillot’s Tana- _ * Mexican or Green Jay gers Black-cheeked Tanager Jerdon’s Green Bulbul 7 Violet or Dusky Parrot Malabar, and Gold-fronted Green — Painted Finch Bulbuls Great or Giant Barbet Red-billed Blue-Pie Cuban Trogan ‘Red-tailed’ Muila ays Rainbow Bunting Brown-backed Robin die Black-winged Lory gyigunbirds i Pap ‘ Price 1/6 each, except those marked* which are 1/- each. Postage 1d extra, Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured Plates, can be obtained Eee the Publisher, J. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, ASHBOURNE, Dikevonene a ee 43 THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. Correction.—The heading Proposed for Election as Members, in last issue was an error, it should have rad NEW MEMBERS ELECTED. ; Tue Macazine: Copy is ‘still needed to keep our contents varied and ‘of general interest. Nesting Notes and attempts are of much interest, and if, in these war-times, we have no, rarities much to write about, it is a good opportunity to tabulate and put on record as full data as possible concerning the better known species. : SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. , WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. Gy Eee Register of Club Breeders. ; -(For regulations vide B.N., page 98). * Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to be moved. * Tus Marouts or Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., Stanley Parrakeets. SMES Th SRR * Barty, W., SHore, Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts. + * Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures Necklace Doves . Diamond Doves a ‘Bricut, H. E., Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. Cockateels Green Cardinals Budgerigars Doves, Violet : Peah-faced Lovebirds Pope Cardinals an Red Mountain Long-tailed Grassfinches Pigeons, Geoffry’s Diamond Finches Zebra Finches Ne Diamond * Burcess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, Redland, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. AUGUST, 1918. 4 eae te eo Be ne eee 44 . * Cuatterton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8 | Cockateels Budgerigars * Catvocoressi, P. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. Zebra Finches. | pe ee * Marspen, J., F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. / * SmitH, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. , Many-colour Parrakeets. ‘ See Saee ct See * Pirute, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth. Zebra Finches. : eS * WetHey, Mrs. E. M., Lehden, Coatham, Redcar, Yorks. Yellow Budgerigars. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. ee eee ee * Monteriore, Mrs. H. SepaG, West Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. i ae OE 2 It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register ,and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season’s successes; hut members may make prospective bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as ’ possible. ‘, SRE TaN cara a i ; / i, Illustration & Deficit Funds. These two funds need the utmost help members can give them. The _ ) Committee acknowledge with thanks the following donations : | ey ere Garckey, Ming, eee ee sales oe tGiceemannaae Piet 0 N50 Platts.) aikdh Goucnsvstes states sooptstr sme atan secre eae On IG Sidebottom Mis ee retee.decbeh ay seeaerasse hea 05 0 Snapes, Mayon eat: cikssaee cy -casetecbevcinsadeaeen 010 6 Snape, Major (Magazine postage) ......... OT 6 45 Changes and Corrections of Address. Herbert, 2. G., to c/o Messrs. Cox and Co., R.A.F. Branch, 111, St. Martin’s Lane, London, W.C., 2. . BR aE hcl The Bird Market. Memsers’ Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS FOR SALE: 3 fine ‘‘ Palace’ aviary cages——Mrs. Nelson, The Wych, Sandbanks, Parkstone, Dorset. i. WANTED: = Light, clear Yellow Budgerigar hen.—J. Marsden, Thornhurst, ~ Tewit Park, Harrogate. WANTED: Genuine blue-bred hen ad Budgerigar.—Hon. Mrs. Bourke, Hitchin Vale, Taplow. WANTED: Pairs, White-eyes, Yellow-wing Sugarbirds, Cirl Buntings, hen Blue Tanager. FOR SALE: Perfect finger-tame Senegal Parrot, £4 tos. od.—Captain J. S. Reeve, Dunheved, Caterham, Surrey. WANTED: ° True pairs of any Weavers, particularly Orange and Madagas car Bishops. Good prices given for healthy acclimatised birds.—Duchess of Wellington, Ewhurst, Basingstoke. WANTED: Hen Pennant’s Parrakeet; caf any member sell me a good a! specimen in the hope of breeding?—O. Millsum, The Firs, Westwood, Margate. WANTED: 2 hen Zebra Finchese Maur A. E. Snape, R.A.F., Malvern, Churchfields, Salisbury. WANTED: To purchase a hen Zebra Finch, or would give an accl'matised cock Virefinch in exchange for same.—J. Smith, Woodlands, Kendal. FOR SALE 4 Hand-reared Jays, feed from hand, in perfect condition, 10s each; 2-Canary X Green Singingfinch hybrids (cocks), 10s, each.—H. J. Phair, Alresford, Hants FOR SALE: Very tame Lemon-crested Cockatoo, good talker, in splendid plumage, £5 ;. Amazon Parrot, good plumage and a talker, £3 10s.; either sent on approval to members.—Apply Mrs. Yealland, Binstead, Isle of Wight.’ FOR SALE: In one lot, 3 cock and 1 hen Cordon Blues; Golden-breasted Waxbill (cock); St. Helena Waxbill; Grey Waxbill; 1 pair Orange-cheek Waxbills ; Firefinch (cock); Bib Finch; 1 pair Zebra Finches and 3 Black- headed Nuns.—Apply c/o Mrs. Bainbridge, Keyneston Manof, Tarrant, Keyneston, Blandford. b ~~. ae ees Se ee eee — oe eee, ee ee eee ee, et = 46 FOR SALE: About 40 birds, consisting of Paradise Whydah, Red-hilled _ Weaver, Bronze-wing Mannikin, Cordon Bleus, Silverbill, Ribbon Finch, Avyadavats, Zebra Finches, St. Helena Waxbills,- Gold-breasted Waxbill, Orange-cheek Waxbill, Pink-cheek Grey Waxbills, Bib Finch, Green Singing Finch ; all outdoor aviary, some ayiary bred; also outdoor aviary, splendid condition, substantially built, in sections, easily re-erected, com- prising shelter, covered flight, and open flight; measures 13 feet long, 6 to 7} feet high, 34 to 53 feet deep; materials alone cost about £8 ios. i TQ1S... d’rice 30) the lot or near offer; or might’ separate. Preference given where delivery of birds taken by hand in London, E.C., or Seven Wings districts. Buyer’s risk if sent by rail—Particulars from Harvey, 55, St: Albans Road, Seven Kings, Essex. ni We Pk aaeto ass THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. List of Coloured Plates which have appeared i in Pird Notes, the beth of the Club, Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary * Stellas’ Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager i aos oe re oe 7") a Ne See ee eg ne eR mee * Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins * Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory Price 1/6 each, except those marked* which are 1/- each. Postage 1d ba e Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured Plates, can be obtained from the Publisher. es Ed HENSTOCK, AVIAN PREss, ASHBOURNE, DERBYSHIRE. Uvean Parrakeet Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Hiya catcher , Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird —— Blue-rumped .Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher | ; Large Niltava. Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) — Blue and Black, and Vieillot’ s Tana 3 gers Jerdon’s Green Bulbul Malabar, and Gold- fronted Green Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie - Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds . 47 | | SEPTEMBER, 1918. THE FOREIGN. BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. Owing to extreme pressure upon the time of “Editor and Secretary the / Club Notices. Acknowledgements, etc, are unavoidably held over till next a yo oe ee | Changes and: Corrections of Address. | a Gi Register of Club Breeders. ‘ (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). _ * Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to be moved. ~ * Tue Marguts or Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., a Pad ee ae ge ae Seay Parrakeets. 7? TF : BE Rocklla iBarralkeeta Bronze-wing Doves _ Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves - Conures Necklace Doves Diamond Doves ‘a : _ Bricut, H. E., Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. Cockateels Green Cardinals Budgerigars - Doves, Violet ' Peach-faced Lovebirds ed Diamond . oe Pope Cardinals Red Mountain ie - Long-tailed Grassfinch es Pigeons, Geoffry's Diamond Finches . Zebra Finches 48 * Burcess, Mrs. M., Kifigsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, Redland, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars F Ey Green Budgerigars ve Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. \ é SLARE, Miss L.‘ The Hollies, Coombe eo Wimbledon, London podeer igars, Blue x Green. “* Carnot Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8 © ; Cockateels ’ Budgerigars * Catvocoress!, P. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. Zebra Finches. ’ * Marspen, J., F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. of ae ey * SmitH, J., Woodlands, Kendal. “ Stanley Parrakeets.. - eae Many-colour Parrakeets. uh é ele 4 \ * Pirie, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth. ; 15) 7 ‘1 Zebra Finches. * Wetuey, Mrs. E. M., Lehden, Coatham, Redcar, Yorks. Yellow Budgerigars. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. * Monteriore, Mrs. H. Srsac, West Cliff lodge, Ramsgate. > \ 4 Green Budgerigars. ujorvnl Cockateels. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register ,and — that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the _ season’s successes ; hut members may make prospective bookings with them, 2 All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may — reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as ~ possible. f phe ce 49 The Bird Market. Memeers’ Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- “members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent eee Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. Re MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS FOR SALE : Five pair Red-fronted, New Guinea Leries, very rare and very fine birds, £12.—T’. Hebb, Brooklea, The Downs, Luton, Beds. Me FOR SALE—2 Young hand-reared Bullfinches, 5s. each, or exchange for youn s then Diamond Dove or offers.—Mrs. Cartwright, Hawthorns, Tickill, scape boys “FOR SALE: Tame Severe Macaw £4. ; Red-faced Love-birds (cock) £2. : i Tui Parrakeet £2.: Pairs: Rosell Parakeets 50s. ; Bronze-wing Doves 50s. ; Seneg: al-Necklaced. Doves 20s. : and Peaceful Doves 30s. per pair. —W. Shore Baily, Boyers House, Westbury. Wilts. I, FOR SALE: Budgerigars—pair adnlt Greens 30s., two pairs young (blue- *~. bred Greens 30s. per pair, two pairs young Yellows 25s. per pair, all out-door aviary bred.—Mrs. Mackness, 22 Cyprus Road, Finchley, _ London, NG: a: "OR SALE ; Young Green Budgerigars from blue-bred parents--out door aviary — —fine large birds, perfect feather, 14s. 6d. each . July hatched, 10s. each or 18s. per pair.—Hfon. Mrs. Bourke, Hitcham Vale, Taplow. | Ww ANTED : Hen Avadavat:—Hon. Norah McGaul Hogg. 53 Lancaster Gate | Beaten, W2 I WAN TED : Any copies of Avioutiiea Mag: (preferably unbound) prior to 1911-12); also wanted Hen Crimson-wing and. other |Parakeets'—Miss _ Money. The Grey House, Hampstead Lane, Highgate, N. _ ANTED: Cocks, King Patakeet and Violet-eared Waxbill. FOR ~ SALE: 3 Adult Blue x Green Budgerigars, and one pair of Yellows! breeding cock Peach-faced Lovebird ; champion bred Italian Greyhound led year old, 43. Ibs —Miss Clare, ‘The Hollies, Crombe Lane, Wim- edon, ~ FOR SALE: Paik Zebra Finches, 30s.; two odd hens 17s. 6d. each, bred from unrelated parents. WANTED : hens, Cuba Finch, and White- es cheeked Finch-lark.— R. Suggitt, Suggitt’s Lane, Cleethorpes. THE FOREIGN BIRD 50 CLUB. —————>—— LIST OF COLOURED PLATES. which have appeared in Brrp Norzs, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager * Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager * * Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager . Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins * Mexican or Green Jay- Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch ' Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory * Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas’ Lories Blue-billed Weayer Black and Yellow Creeper Uvean Parrakeet Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet | Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot’s Tana- gers Jerdon’s Green Bulbul Malabar, and “rold-fronted Green a Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds ° ‘ PAAR MARS J. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, AsHBourNE, DERBYSHIRE. Price 1/6 each, except those marked * which are 1/- each. Postage 1d. extra. Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be Uheanie, ye from the Publisher, Notices to Members. es Tue Macazine :—Owing to having the indices to prepare for the current vol. the Editor will have his time fully occupied therewith, and he will be grateful for all the help as to,copy and illustrations members can give him, so that he may not be called upon to bear the additional burden of having _ to fill gaps in the November and December issttés of the Journal. For copy om ‘to be of real help in the way of saving Wis time, so that he may be able to concentrate on the indices, it should be sent in at once. All who can help in this direction are urged to do so. Articles, upon any topic of aviculture, both as to British and foreign species of birds, are what are required to main- _ tain general interest. The Editor is of the opinion that reprints from other ty Us as to the habits of birds in their native haunts, not otherwise easily obtain- s able. Members resident abroad can greatly help by sending us field notes of the birds of their locality, so that as far as possible the contents of our : Journal ued consist of first hand information. ? SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. Deficit and Illustration Funds. These two funds, for obvious reasons, need all the help members can _ give them—the committee thankfully acknowledge the following donations :— SSaEN Gas Burton, Rieke oa ot eRe er 8 1.0.0 Burgess, Mrs. (BLN. portent RF eee erect Pe tes) her Walicer VIR yo. urea eee eect, TO ‘oO Soya Gase; Mrs, (BN. gidstare) > S-.2 inns. y cleviven: I 6 Chawner, Miss (BN. postage) ...t.....00000.c. ese r'<6 Davies, Wis. We» see as at adee betes en Fp Drummond, Miss M. ........ eB Maer Se RL iP Oe 7 (ES, oe SIR 22 t "Ag304°0 Henderson, Mrs. .........- Pk Bae ae sata D tO! 2.0 PRSETS AVG Meise) hemes eb 0, ah 10. 0 Scott, DreandMrsar Ju Bastonh oh 72. .-. cos: 1, .0'*o Siete Ree site. sie... CRE ee a es 1 0 0 Tavistock, The Marquis of ..........ce0cs0s0.-0- rs eae Oke) = | , PS AT SR eke Z see es a ee ed tall Sy we ee 52 Changes” and Corrections’ of Adireés.; R. Scott- Miller to Cly deneuk, Uddingston. een Lt. R. P. Bufton, Caerhyn, Llandrindod Wells, Radnorshire. rete G. A. Perreau to 5, Lansdown Parade, Cheltenham. J. W. Marsden to ¢/o Mrs. Raby, 90 Regent Road,” Morecambe, W.E. Mrs. Sebag Montefiore, East Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. P.-T. Harvey to***'Fafleigh;' Sidgwick, Dr> J. E., to Shirley Dene, Hildenborough, Ket T. FF. Wilhiamson. i. | Proposed for Election as Members. L. Hyde Clarke, Woodlands, St. Olave’s, Gt. Yarmouth, By Dr. M. Amsler. A. Freeman Ford, 215 South Grand Avenue, Pasadena, California, U:S.A., By ee rere 4 | Erratum. Pink page 4o under New Members Elected, “‘ W. A. Brackenbridge ” should read W. A. Brackenridge. a Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). * Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to be moved. * THe MArguis oF Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., Stanley Parrakeets. * Batty, W., Saore, LBoyers House, Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets Stanley Parrakeets Conures - Bronze-wing Doves Brush Bronze-wing Doves Necklace Doves . f Diamond Doves Bricut, H. E., Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. : Cockateels Budgerigars Peach-faced Lovebirds Pope Cardinals Long-tailed Grassfinches Diamond Finches * Burcess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Green Cardinals Doves, Violet és: Diamond fe Red Mountain Pigeons, Geoffry’s Zebra Finches . Clarendon Road, Rvuland, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. ‘ * Old Leigh Road, Westcliffe-on- -Sea, Essex. Davies, Mrs. M. H., to St. Ann’ s, Tintern, ‘Chepstow. 4 ; * CLARE, Miss Le The Hollies. Gasiible Lane, Wimbledon, Bondon ‘ Budgerigars, Blue x Green, LGo tinea Budgerigars- ithe F fe as Be Maspex, J., F,Z.S.,.Thornhurst, Tet Pack Harr beste Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. t ee * Suirn, J., Woodlands, Kendal. - Stanley Parrakeets: se IRS “84 Many-colour Parrakeets. _ * Prime, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth. ; Zebra Finches. 3 ere, Mrs. H. Sepac, West Cliff Toles. Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. \ It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register ,and that with the exception of the first ‘named, these Club Breeders may not have ; ga stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the _ season’ $ successes; hut members may make prospective bookings with them. _ All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may _ reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will wy The Bird Market. Members’ Rates: / Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- eae ~ members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent | to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS ts FOR SALE: Young Zebra Finches, outdoor aviary bred, 20s. per pair.— Mrs. Tracey, Halsham, Teignmouth. 4 FOR SALE: Pair Black East Indian Ducks with ees young, 30s., or would © exchange for a pair of Japanese Teal.—Mrs. Williams, 49 Oakhampton ome Exeter. ‘ nat ae the two; Pope Sek hen ce and laid, £2 5s.; hen Rosella Parrakeet, laid and sat, £2.108.; Green Budgerigars, 25s. pair, Yellows 30s. pair; hen Indian Parrakeet £2 10s. ; young cock Roller Canary, 45s.; ga few Roller i hens, also Cinnamon and Cin. marked cocks and hens.—Mrs. STRESS, ise Clarendon Road, Redland, Bristol. ra «', i ree a register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as — Sig. Sere eect om 3 te PS eG. SNP ee LEE asin ast. eel = A; Pg i frsk Bae se ten oe BAe i ty Sh mi 54. WANTED: Male Cockateel, two year old bird preferred, would exchange Green or Yellow. Budgerigars. FOR SALE: Budgerigars, one pair, adult Yellows, 30s.; one pair adult Greens, 20s.; young Greens, 12s. 6d. - pair; young Yellows 20s. pair. All large healthy birds hred in outdoor * aviary.—Mrs. Mackness, 29 Cyprus Road, Finchley, London,"N., 3. FOR SALE: Hen Cherry Finch 20s.; believed hen Marsh Tit 1os.—Capt: Dunheved, Caterham, Surrey. Pairs Red-faced Lovebirds, Reeve :, FOR SALE’: and Rosélla Parrakeets; cock Cockateel ; several pairs Zebra Finches and Avadayats, hen Cordon Bleu, ete.$ all acclimatised and in out-door aviary Miss K. ‘A’ Oakshott,Bar-- Fan House, East Hoathly, Sussex. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. List of Coloured Plates which have appeared in Biro Noves, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager * Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager * Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager | Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary , * Stellas’ Lories ‘ 4 Blue-billed Weaver 5) % Black and Yellow Creeper ae Uvean Parrakeet Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise. Blue Budgerigar _ Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed hh catcher * Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes rf Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot’s Tana- gers Jerdon’s Greer Bulbul - Malabar, and ‘sold- fronted Green! Bulbuls © Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds a Price 1/6 each, €xcépt those marked * which are 1/- each. Postage 14d. extra. ~ Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured Plates, can be obtained from’ J. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, AsHpourne, DERBYSHIRE. NOVEMBER, 1918. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. ae eben ee see Notices to Members. Imrortant: _ Almost simultaneously with this issue, members will a “receive a circular, appealing to them to make one big effort to wipe out the entire deficit, and put the Club on a sound financial basis. Once this is - accomplished, our strength of membership assures us of a very prosperous and useful future. a ‘ With the gladsome news of complete victory ushering in a new era ’ ; vin the world’s Lacaage let us, as a club, make ARs for the coming year and ane Bbjeets” known to all bird- Aenea and those interested in bind life. The closing down of the year is a specially good time for recruiting new members, and we trust all will make an effort to introduce at least one new member. ms ; SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treas. , WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. \ | 5 Y Deficit and Illustration Funds. These two funds, for obvious reasons, need all the help members can ve them—the committee thankfully acknowledge the following donations :— Oe BS prey cs Pere SAIOP A WT iso. uid ceecVavedaneinae ss PIAA by Bi sO 0 SMP E DEAE YT Orltoaneencc yi)... Agee eas. ES Bh Boling TA sBonkes Phe: ban. > Mis elise clei lek BO 10 Reem OUSiieh de EM ISSN. yt... sacle heres ees ccels ee 200 Meier Ror emgriak: Yi ck), Supra a lieca oh Tea ee waa tric, Piette eC Th (0-6 iy ; LSI} 9] 18 6 CRC Benne oY a 5 0 ; Me Dongen Wr [xB Rie keto, IS ak TOV 0 ‘ Macdomaldy lc L):)) hs. /00.7 aes ee, ok We 100 ¢ , IMB CGS) SD (oe OP IPR, aM A I o©rro Bir anre a Master, Dr iGih aeaars ee ihci sc aleny eee eae taE ees 10 oO aa Mortimers’ Mrs.) 0 be aN oasnten Le eae TATA SLOTS YoMNES 1 Lah Pe tdaee as owes ities eee ereee a peeee Zi) OleOle Aiderson, Miss (postage) ...........6. Ay LAO saleieatle heuer aS) i Bainbridge,’ Capt. W. A. ..:....... rel Beta) Pr 110 0 Gonnell) Mrs: “‘Kwatchbull) + 20365 aes 10.0 inches eaMiss, ese pects ee eee 240) so Mackness; (Mire. oo tien cos bits ae sce stan eee unin 10 O07 Pope) Mts ex en hath spon eae eee Lal? Toby Of Pollack yi ead Ree eae ee ee UE Nps PS Os ant Southcombe, ei Us, Saeecae oes eae Qj OPO Prk Wait, Mass Strat ge ein ee eo nreea CSUR vaca aria ; it De \ f Changes and Gartectiane of Address. Marsden, J. W., to The Bungalow, Banks Lane, Heysham Harbour, Morecambe. fF 9 Chas. Cleeberg, jur., to Bellevue House, Duntfries. Proposed for Election as Members. Carr, Perey, Ormond Lodge, Newbold-on- ‘Stour, Stratford-on-Avon, By the Hon. Editor.- : : , ; pa ! New Members Elected. —_. L. Hyde Clarke. Woodlands, St. Olave’s, Gt. Seance A. Freeman bord, 215, South Grand Avenue, Pasadena, California, ‘USA. 4 Obituary. Ee aa W. H. Pickles, Stoneyhurst, Morecambe—died June 27th, 1918. rs ; aed Register of Club Breeders. ~ — * (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). * Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to be ‘moved. * Tur Marguis or Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., Stanley Parrakeets. Saasclia’ ‘Purrakeners Bronze- -wing Doves f Stanley Parrakeets . Brush Bronze-wing Doves es ud ate Necklace Doves ng By Diamond Doves Bricut, Hy E, , Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. 4, * - Cockateels iy _ Green Cardinals - Budgerigars : . Doves, Violet Fearh- faced Lovebirds rs Diamond i Pope ‘Cardinals 5, Red Mountain Long-tailed Giceinthes Pigeons, Geoffry’s ‘ parenend Finches ee Finches Gree (Blue-bred) Badgereears Ne Green Budgerigars i : Yellow Budgerigars ane Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. > gees ote Blue x Green. Cuarrerton, Mrs. A.; , Fairfield Rodd. Crouch End, uandor Aas oie Cockateels Bae ry at Ee Zebra atinehee, Morse, J.. F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. { sie Diet: bea ee iii al Mei ates es ay calour Parrakeets. ITHIE,. Muss Ds 68, ‘Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth ‘ : Zebra F inches: : oh ONTEFIORE, Mrs. H. Seuac, West Clift T.odge, Ramsgate. Greer Budgerigars. * Cc Sa siae 8 ‘ Tt must ben loticed, this is the commencement of the above register ,and "8 successes ; but neces may make prospective bookings with them, ave pairs which have bred during fast and other seasons, and thus may eascnably be expected to do'so again. It is hoped many other members will register : as Club. Peds: A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as ' * 58 The Bird Market. Mempers’ Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- “members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. : Viger UR a MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS — FOR SALE: Cock Blossom-head Parrakeet, young bird just in full colour; Scaly-breasted Lorrikeet, believed hen.—Page, Langstone, Lingfield, | Surrey. as FOR SALE: Marsh Tit, believed hen, 1os.—Capt. J. S. Reeve, Dunheved, Caterham, Surrey. a FOR SALE: Zebra Finches, outside aviary “bred, what Silene: —Le Pelley, Midland Bank, .Guernsey. " FOR SALE: Bitd Notes, 1913 to 1918 inclusive, cash offers cited siateo five hen Stanley Parrakeet.—J. Smith, Woodlands, Kendal. Ree FOR SALE: 31 vols. Avicultural Magazine, 1894-1918 inclusive, 26 bound in art cloth with gold block official binding. 17 vols. Birp Nores, 1903-18 inclusive, 15 vols.“bound in art linen official binding. Foreign Finches in Captivity, by A. G. Butler, illustrated by Frowhawk, 60 plates, coloured by hand, handsomely bound. All clean and_ perfect, Ris ore ae , 4 \ Cronkshaw, d-tareount Road, Accrington, ; WANTED: Male cieteat two years old preferred, route exchange Green or Yellow Budgerigars. FOR SALE: DBudgerigars, 1 pair adult | Yellows, 30s.; 1 pair adult Greens, 20s.; young Greens, 12s. 6d. pair ; young Yellows, 20s. pair. All large healthy birds, bred in outdoor aviary. —Mrs. Mackness,'29 Cyprus Road, Finchley, Loridon, N. 3.. WANTED: Cock King Parrakeet; hen Many-colour, and any other rare Parrakeets. FOR SALE: 2 cock adult Blue x Green Budgerigars. — WANTED: Blue Budgerigars. —Miss Clare, The Hollies, Combe Pavey Wimbledon, S.W. FOR SALE: Pair Diamond Doves, 40s. ; cocks Abyssinian Weaver, and Red Sparrow; hens Black Seedfinch, and Dwarf Weaver, all 20s. each.—W. Shore Baily, Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts.” FOR SALE: Some pure bred Flemish, and Belgian Rabbits, adult stock does and their youngsters, all in perfect condition, list sent. Also a pair 0: Cxquisite Toy Dogs, Prince Charles Spaniels.—Mrs. Travis, Pedmore © Grange, Stourbridge. .%; a 4 CRISS state ‘DECEMBER, 1918. _- THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. BPN Notices to Members. Dericrr ORD We regret that we have up to the present been ‘unable to get the whole of the circulars out, but we trust that members will _Tespond: as soon as possible when they receive thein. ; ” ‘ Tue Pon “Owing to the pressure of ‘ the times, we fear it will “not be possible to publish our ro!l in the January issue of Birp Noves, but we hope to have it thoroughly revised and complete for the February issue. _ New Mempers: ’ We shall need quite an influx of these and urge all mbers to do their utmost to every bird-keeper and bird-lover. Either » Hon. Editor or Secretary will be pleased to send specimen issues to any dresses sent to them; or on request will send specimen copies to any died who can make profitable use of them. The trite and well worn aying “‘ if each member would introduce one new member during the year ’ very much to the point, and if carried into effect would more than rabid membership, for some members could easily introduce several, and we press this point upon Lhe attention. i -. SIDNEY WILL IAMS, Biaaitseeu ana V Tide, WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. porch. and Illustration Funds. These two funds, for obvious reasons, need all the help members can them—the committee thankfully acknowledge the following donations :— e.St.d i Bamhatey talent. .0sohess OC RARE aa Se 3 10 0 ee irate rtO my MES eas dsc ceabebe anh Segoe cna Be ert: PO Hane MISS MONE ies tei tales cues T2050 SST STENTLESS SAG SASS CR EC OA Bee “0 10 0 Bienen Bi ALi or cay Dunes ty 0 10 0 : Fea Mipsis Bae C8 2 96 Pp aban Aa Cis. tNy Nuon a ty IN 1, 3110 LEI ong iia CSOs ek 2 Opera be ASMA CA et Seam a Mitte) SPMOMEL SOM Heady, 125! ea chor his ecene Pa amc te Snape, Major, R. ALP seeseaseees wat Boteasncal As Re WNT (Gh PCOS TOT VIMORS cin ays HL oases Na ea Bees Osta} Stephens, A. A Leta ueeon NR ARB) NL MB Ae a 010 0 « \lnisiirg aha ed St Gg PSN ais Mise FOE SAR AP Ta GAGIO: TOO a Taye Rasy pw —— <_< wo nd py ag A eg ee, ae ee he 61 * SmitH, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. - Many-colour Parrakeets. * Pirnie, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth Zebra Finches. * Monreriore, Mrs. H. SezaG, West Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. * Tracey, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Teignmouth, Devon. Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register ,and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season’s successes; but members may make prospective bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. The Bird Market. Mempers’ Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- — members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS’ SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS FOR SALE: Marsh Tit, believed hen, 10s.—Capt. J. S. Reeve, Dunheved, Caterham, Surrey. FOR SALE: 31 vols. Avicultural Magazine,. 1894-1918 inclusive, 26 bound in art cloth with gold block official binding. 17 vols. Brrp Notes, 1903-18 inclusive, 15 vols. bound in art linen official binding. Foreign Finches in Captivity, by A. G. Butler, illustrated by Frowhawk, 60 plates, coloured by hand, handsomely bound. All clean and perfect, particulars.—J. Cronkshaw, 7 Harcourt Road, Accrington FOR SALE: Scaly-breasted Lorikeet, believed hen. Also pedigree Flemish Rabbits, 11 weeks old.—Page, Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey. Changes and Corrections of Address. 3. Simpson to c/o Mrs. Allcorn, 2 Railway Cottages, Bottesford, Notts. . Stephens, to 86 Balfour Road, Ilford, S.E. . oy . Oberholsa, 2805, 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., U.S. A. fedge to Thorpedale Cottage, Chorley Wood, Herts. "New Member Elected. , Carr, Percy, Ormond Lodge, Newbold-on-Stour, Stratford-on-Avon. . ; Register of Club Breeders. a. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). af J uy x * Indicates ability to. supply as soon as young are old enough to be moved. P 5 -* Tue Marouis or Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., ie a Stanley Parrakeets. i? + Batty, W., Sore, Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts. 4 : Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves of Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves 2s Conures Necklace Doves ce 5 Diamond Doves 1 Bricut, H. E.,; Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. ¢ _ Cockateels Green Cardinals i, _ Budgerigars ‘ Doves, Violet erm Peach-faced Lovebirds “ Diamond C Pope Cardinals 4 a Red Mountain s Long-tailed Grassfinches Pigeons, Geoffry’s a4 Diamond Finches Zebra Finches ; _ * Burcess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, Rv land, Bristol. ‘ey Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars / Green Budgerigars m), Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. ce 3 Crare, Miss L., The Hollies, Coombe Lane, Wimbledon, London. : eae r Budgerigars, Blue x Green. e * Cuatterton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8 4 Cockateels ei - Budgerigars | Fi * Carvocoress!, P. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. - Zebra Finches. k # Marspen, J., F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. z Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. 15 LIST OF COLOURED PLATES, which have appeared i in Brrp Notes, the Journal of the Club, Gold and ee Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay - Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory * * Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. _A Beautiful Aviary ‘ Stellas’ Lories » Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uvean Parrakeet aoe Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise Blue Budgerigar f Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and epi Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Panueede Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure | Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot’s Tana- gers Jerdon’s Greer Bulbul Md ‘Malabar, ‘and old-fronted Green Bulbuls al a Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds rata J. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, ASHBOURNE, DERBYSHIRE. Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates carr be obtained from the Publisher. Price 1/6 each, i} except those marked * which are 1/- a Postage 1d. extra. » ¢ < Gf Series 111. JANUARY, 1918, Vol. I, No, 1. _ 2 iu Sih 77 \ ag ® Zz My, wl Annaal 5 ubscriprron. | fo non-members, 15% Price 16. SS — > > i) ee clourna) ake 7 THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB” Lake) eby- Wesley T. Page, FZS.ece. : UG Zz ‘ Pabliske? abou the 155 ‘ox each monha, ( J oY < (Ar = ; = =< SS Wes: 2) WE = VA ' i vA Wc ) NS \ aii (wi) ASHBOURNE , Printed end Prbiished by J. B. HENSTCCK. Avian Press ee ‘CONTENTS. —<— The Grey Plover ss.sssssevsssevsssevsssssssessessBY W, SHO} EpiroriaL— 1918. CoRRESPONDENCE—A Long-lived Nightingale; A iS :7, a ROLL oF MEMBERS. POST MORTEM REPORTS. Suspended for the present. Will 2, resumed as 5 sor can be found to Mr. Gray. a é CBSA as FEBRUARY, 1918, Vol, 1, No, 2, OTT May bly FEA Paice Ve. Anncal as eae Com TS fo NOn-MeMLE?PS, [54 ————— BIRD # NOTES The eournoa) ae ‘THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Ldrhed oby- is F: — F.Z.5. ete, ASHBOURNE Printed and Pyblished by J. H, HENSTOCK, Avian Press CONTENTS. on The Endurance pe Birds .........By Westey T. Pie, sor can Be found to Mr. Gray. ee fh! Vy | _MARGH, 1018, Vol. 1, No, 3. t IF ee ee 7 > SSS x : meee Price 16. Annual Subseriphion WS es non-meméers, /54 BIRD > NOTES © The clourna) Raid 7 THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Lobe oby- Wesley T. Page, FZS.ce SS BM WY [pc WIN Ch / SE ; RAS yi My ¢ , ==. ASHBOURNE Printed and Prblished by J.-H. HENSICCK. Avier Press CONTENTS. —O— My Madagascar Lovebirds ... By Mrs. A. M. Cook, F. q: a Wes :ey T. Pace, F.Z‘S., Etc. Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity ...... By Dr. Hopxinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. ; . The Endurance of Birds ...... By WESLEY T. PacE, F.Z . Whydans ...cc1000046 By Dr. E. Hopxrnson, D.S.O., M.A. Miscellaneous Experiences of Outdoor Aviculture T. Pace, F.Z-.S., Etc. ‘petuation of Species in our Aviaries. INSET. a POST MORTEM REPORTS. sas dlp piesa Buspénded for the present. ‘Will be resum med ‘as“toon as'a ‘a ‘sor can be found ‘to Mr. Gray. MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. —++4— = ~ Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the lst January im each year. 2, A new Volume commences every January. A ' All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 13 A All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market, ” “i and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, fa Page, F.Z.S., etc., ‘‘ Langstone,”’ Lingfield, Surrey. ' 3 All enquiries as to the treatment ‘of ‘Birds should be sent ‘to ‘the following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. ‘Camps, F.Z.S., 4 4 _ Sal Sets ‘Hadderiham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and ‘Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., ‘‘ Langstone,”’ Lingfield, ae ; Surrey. . Se All Letters ciiaeeing to'the above, identification of birds, eto., = Bin ‘contain’a periny stamp for reply. a 3 All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should _ be sent to Mr. 8. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent é _ to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F. A S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOCK, ‘Avian Press,’”’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders hos back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. 4 ‘ All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H 4 Z -HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. ; An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing ___ the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by ay the Hon. Treasurer. Le Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month thould'at’ oncé write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. ?. i. > ee ; BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now __ ready Cases 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- _ Plete for 3s. 9d. post free. ‘a The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club > eae Cases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. = o Ror . > ae a aac BOUND VOLUMES OF ‘“ BIRD NOTES.” S++ - Volume 1. is out’ of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates (each) ...5...ceiscss.sesesesconvevcnevenenteen Volumes. IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates. (each) .......5...:.cccscecstveseusesves To pOthers 55308 eens ado) as eos pe Oe oe cee Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ..........ecesscecssceceeessnotes To}, Others. ae ee taeda ov ene PBR eat eT NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. ‘ios Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) ..... SER Thee Oo ale ees aegkd ae To \Others: 1.) Uitte. 3. -.n juices Ree te Cases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (ola Series) may be price 2s. 3d. post fray! : Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obts from the Pabbaher! ‘Os. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Honstees, ‘““ Avion Press,’? Ashbourne; “will pleased cm Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. 9d., including Cover return postage. . eer SPECIES ‘t** Reared Young and . ; HYBRIDS vie oe Been Bre in Captivity in Crea Briksin: BY 2 WESLEY © ¥. “PAGE, “Fe Zisg M: BN. JH.S.5) Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow’ Classification slightly revised. i ILLUSTRATED. IN CERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo. 6d., Net. By Post yy 9 : T tH. Senesrock Tus Avian’ Press” Y hauteur - MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. SS A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY iams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 13 bet 4 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, : roposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘The Bird Market,’ nd claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Hditor, 7. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.S., _ Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, end Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., “ Langstone,’”’ Lingfield, :. “Surrey. RG All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, ete., just contain a penny stamp for reply. rats ~ All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should ve sent to Mr. 8S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W Sot eae All other Correspondence, Changes of Addr ess, etc., should be sent the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 10 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOCK, ~** Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. _ All correspondence, MSS., ete., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected erewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. x Tay _ Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each eee = "should ae once write the Pouaee complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready Cases 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- plete for 3s. 9d. post free. th The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club re ses or any other ae of Binding as May be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF “BIRD NOTES.” =~ Volume 1. is out of print. . Volumes IT. and III., there remains only a few copies ; to ran Members. and Associates (each) .......:.5:c.scseccvebsdicseyerscaneende 2 Os Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates ;— ~ nie To Members and Associates (each)....... La saan eae seaeeaee ae To}: Obhers. (ss; ,. Saeaaeseemneaa ce .. Vee lavea ve... cs dedee eee be alaee pees ae Volumes VI., VII., and VIIL., with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ....... EEE PR Goo 15 0 To: Qthere!™\. Sota. . |. Janes eee aes 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. ee Volumes Hi. ‘to VILL, to Members (each): civcicvtee,sssissceeeneeeacetens 17. Game | To, Others <)> -02Age eae |... aie eae ee 23 Osa Bad Cases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old eerie) may be had, — price 2s. 3d. post free a | Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3,4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henan: ‘“ Avian Press,” Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. 9d., including Cover and — return postage. ; oe ae SPECIES whi! Reared Young and HYBRIDS. Yk" Been Bred | in Captivity in Great Britain. WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.HLS,, a Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's — Classification slightly revised. pS ee ILLUSTRATED. INTERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo. 2s. 6d., Net. By Post 2s. Od. J . Wenerock Tue Avian Pruess,” AsHBourNe APRIL, 1918. Vol, 1. No. 4. All_ Rights Reserved. ~ Price 16. Annaal Subscriphron sae «= J non-memésers, /5% iy The Sourna) Rake Y THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Ldrked c4y Wesley T. Page, EZS.ee 1, op f ‘ ASHBOURNE. * Printed and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, | CONTENTS. 2 ICA PRR Panes > NGS RPP R 2 5 By W. Snore BalLy. so The Birds of British Guiana ... By Cuas. Dawson, S:J., M.A., i (Oxon). vi Miscellaneous Experiences of Outdoor Aviculture ae Wesiey T. PacE, F.Z.S., Etc. ri ap ga Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity ... By Dr. E. Rh: Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. The Mischievous Parrot. Members’ Sales and Exchanges and Perpetuation of Species in in our Aviaries. ~ CORRESPONDENCE—M embers’ Sales and Exchanges and Perpet a uation of Species in our Aviaries. ~ 4 INSET. POST MORTEM REPORTS, er ———$4++4+. Suepended for the present. Will be resumed as econ as a succes sor can be found to Mr. Gray, x DAV AT Ra - Series III. MAY, 1918 Vol. 1. No, 6. vt All Rights Reserved. Wr, Price 16. Annaal SubscripHron Sa = non-meméers, /5% Bay The clourna) ox? Wg THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB og Lorked eb) Wesley T. Page, FZS.etc. , Publisked aboub fhe 15% o7%~ eack montA, ASHBOURNE. Printed and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, YRAREIG Te aay ‘CON TENTS. —S— Some Birds and their Nests in the Boyers House Aviaries ... By W. SHore BAILy. <3 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity ... By Dr. E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. vr Reprint from B.N sSUNOOE Ie ca is ss. .sengeeconmemremeas By RoLanp Quin. Vultures near Calcutta... By E. W. Harper, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. The Endurance of Birds ...... By Westey T. Pace, F.Z.S., ETC. Oe ies co ee Reprint from B.N., 1QOP oo x.-.:...:.0oseseesear By Lapy DUNLEATH. ee (PAYT OLS i Sete ee By W. SHORE BAILY. Reprint from B.N., QOL w.cs......s0ceness By Horatio R. FILLMER. Reprints from New Zealand Press. CoRRESPONDENCE—Breeding Notes in 1915, Arrival of Spring Migrants. . - INSET. cath ees “a RS DMD eRAiton wine shit nage 203" POST MORTEM REPORTS. a O64 bal ee dae a) oe ee Suspended for the present. Will be resumed as soon as a succes: : sor can be found to Mr. Gray. i) Vein of ei ben Rerkes 111. JUNE, 1918, Vol, 1. No. 6. =a) Ay: All Rights Reserved. aN N Price 16. Annaal Subscription a. que fo Non-~MeMLers, IS4; ) NOTES The eourna) .o Rake D i ap FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Ldrked oby- Wesley i. Page, F.Z.S. ere. 427 Lid VPP” A m i ane Qt ce ASHBOURNE. Printed and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, RARB I? CONTENTS. ~o— y of Some Birds and their Nests in the Boyers’ House Aviaries....By W. SHore Balty. al Sah pL Wine at tall item tie aerengpntinl sid he cy ae m MM al OUR Aeo ss Sah een eer + By JoHn W. MarsDEN, ZS. The Endurance of Birds ...... By. WesLey T. Pace, F.Z:S., Etc. Nate Notes...) n.c awe By J. Drummonp, F.L.S., F.Z.S. Parrots er Oct eke «> oF gape By W. SHORE Rae Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity gaat By Dr. E. Hoprxinson, D.S.0O.,M.A.,M.B. Editorial. Cuckoosin May neers. os ctgeomes FROM A CorRESPONDENT. CorRESPONDENCE—Badly Feathered Young Budgerigars; Nest- al ing of Fieldfare in England. Birdroom: Notes’ vis vestsaaayie vo ns 05040 RL By IsaBELLA WILSON. INSET. See POST MORTEM REPORTS. ———_++—_——_ ‘Buapended for the present. Will be resumed as soon as a succes 4 eor cari be found to Mr. Gray. * MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. rn os af Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the lst January im each year. A new Volume commences every January. ' All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY ‘Williams, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 18 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market,’ ‘and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. — 4 All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the _ following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.S8., _ Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and _ mall Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, ete., must contain a penny stamp for reply. a All applications for Show Medals and enquiries-re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W a All other Correspondence, Chenges of Address, etc., should be sent _ to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, _ 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. Mr This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOOK, _ ** Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all ordera for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready Cases 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- 3 plete for 3s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Cases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF “ BIRD NOTES." >> Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to i Members and Associates (each) ..........2..ceseecccseeenstenenceaeece 21 @ Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ..........ccccecsececsereeveceens 10 0 To Othera sooo. Aotaceeten ih. os ade rece acne aoe 16 0 Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) .........cccccececcecsceee eae 15 0 To {Others so. 2s beh ae AN cra eee 2 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) ..........ccsecsecceccuecees ice ed To ‘Others = 2) ncndtaneians coe vueacae each eee ee anor ee 23 0 Cases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 3d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 3d. post free. The. Publisher, J. H. Henstock, ‘‘ Avian Press,’’ Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at’3s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. : SPECIES whic? Reared Young and HYBRIDS ‘Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. | BY . 8 . WESLEY T. PAGE, F.ZS., M.B.N.A.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow’s — Classification. slightly revised. —— ILLUSTRATED. IN fERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8yo. 2s. 6d., Net. By Post 2s. Od. J Vt. Uensrock “THe Avian Press,” ASHBOURNE . MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS, —$+4+-— i > Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the lst January os a. in each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY e Williams, F. Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 13 ; All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market,” and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, _ W.T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., ‘‘ Langstono,”’ Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the x ‘following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., _ Dinden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and _ ~ Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.8.,-‘‘ Langstone,” Lingfield, ‘Surrey. eet. All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, éte., must contain a penny stamp for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOCK, «* Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H _ HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month ‘should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. £ BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready Cases 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- plete for 3s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Cases or any other style of Binding as May be desired. —. os BOUND VOLUMES OF ‘ BIRD NOTES." Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates (each) ......c.ccccsesececssscaccsceverncevens 21 0 Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ...........c.ccececececerceeenes 10 0 To Others. .9<. tO cased. ...suhavieeneetee eee ee 16.-0..% Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ...........ececececeveccecsvecees 15 0. To. Others 4 6-292 ee sae. 2 eee 2 9 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes IT. to VIII, to Members (each) .............2.cseceecsecnecectonees ¢:¢ To Qthors o iickdicwseh desde boo ve tsbae teks ene pen ee 0 Cases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) Beery ; price 2s. 3d. post nee a | Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, ‘‘ Avian Press,’’ Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. ee ahve pl SPECIES yi Reared Young and t HYBRIDS ‘eve Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.HLS., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow’s Classification slightly srevised. ———— 7 ILLUSTRATED. INTERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8yo. 2s. 6d., Net. By Post 2s. 9d. J H, Menerock Tue Avian Press,” ASHBOURNE MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. ——_$44-—— , ~ Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the let January jim each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Sts ea should be sent to the Hon. ae SIDNEY All MSs. ‘sia cheaee in Bird Notes, and nadie for mae _ Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market,”’ ' and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, | W.T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the lowing gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.S., nden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, aaa : 3 Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ eee fox All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent This Magazine is ee and b ipnahied by J. H. HENSTOCK, * Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders i All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) Siaitng to Ae “TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H _ HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected _ therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. s An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing _ the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides _ for, The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month - should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready Cases 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- plete for 3s. 9d. post free. =x The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club 3 Cases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF “ BIRD NOTES." | : —_— -- 2 Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates (each) ..........cccsceceececcecnreereeeeen 2k. O Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ........c.cscecsseneeeeeerereeee 10 O,. To® Others) sccce SOG edo hcas 5 os oe eae Ee tse eae 15 0 Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates ; _ To Menibans and aerate (each); 34 Si e.ie tice 15 0 To Others <°' ital eel 2 5 Se aerate he ied | 5 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) .........ccsccccceseeeeeencreeeers 17 € To Others’) <.S378 UE 8. eee ee 23 «0 Cases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be hed, — price 2s. 3d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained © from the Publishers Qs. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, ‘‘ Avian Press,’’ Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. SPECIES ¥ Reared Young _ and HYBRIDS ‘ive Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. Ta 2 WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.HLS., | Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. o—— iLMLUSTRATED. IN FERLEAVED. IN CLOTH.” MEDIUM 8yo. s. 6d., Net: By Post 2s. Od, Ho OensrocK Tue Avian Press,” ASHBOURNE itso AS ee th JULY, 1918. Vol. 1. No. 7. sets ss All_Rights Reserved. a" lj " Price 16. Snnaal Suvbscrip/ron oem 0 non-meméers, /5% The clourna) or : ay Gy THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Lda7ke8 ob Wesley T. Page » F.Z.S.ete.. ASHBOURNE. Printed and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, INSET. PTE oh a) AUGUST, 1918), : Vol. 1. No, 8. oe All Rights Reserved. Wh Price 16. Anncal Subscriplron ™ eae. /0 non-members, /54 ———————— BIRD NOTES i) if oy eee The clourna) or” Yigy THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Lord ob) Wesley 3 Be Page, F.Z.S. ere. IN, GN CANWS a | MG I Nai. 8 wm 4 mo ° Buu; ae ASHBOURNE. Printed and Published by J. H, Henstock, Avian Press, Y RARBG CONTENTS. _—oO— My Latest Aviaries and the difficulties of War-time Construction By WEsLEy T. Pace, F:Z.S., Etc. The Colour Changes in Crimson-ringed and jackson Whydahs By W. SHORE Batty. The Endurance of Birds ...... By Wes ry T. Pace, F.Z.S., Etec. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity ...... By Dr. E. Horxinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. CORRESPONDENCE: Two Suggestions; Hedge Accentors and Blackbird; The Calling of the Cuckoo. INSET. POST MORTEM REPORTS, +444 Suspended for the present. Will be resumed as soon as & succes sor can be found to Mr. Gray. SEPTEMBER, 1918. Vol. 1. No, 9, ee Ve. Annaal Pe %, pa mn fon-memsers, 15% The clourna) or? ’ THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Lorked oby- Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S. ete. Ya uggs i “3 i oid ; ASHBOURNE. 3 Printed and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, ‘CONTENTS. -oOo-— The Pleasures of Aviculture... By WESLEY T. PacE, F.2.5y, ETC. Nesting Nates, Ete: 2.0... By TEE Margulis oF TAVISTOCK. Records of Birds which have bred im Captivity ...... By Dr. E. Hopxtinson, D.S,O., M.A., M.B. Bird Life on the Western Front By Lt. GERALD E. RATTIGAN. Breeding Shamahs—A Tale of Woe ........... By G. E. Low. Zebra Finches Bred in a Cage ...... By Dorotnie M. PETHIE. CORRESPONDENCE—T he Season’s Results. IwSeET. > ————— Ee: 2 é é POST MORTEM REPORTS. 4-4 Buspended for the present. Will be resumed as soon as a succes 5 se sor can be found to Mr. Gray. MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. es Annual! Subscriptions to See 10s., due on the lst January ‘ip each year. A new Volume commences every January. ; All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 13 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market,’ and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, Ww. T. Page, F Z.8., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, {dentifcation of birds, ete., must contain a penny stamp for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Chenges of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. _ This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOCK, ‘* Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS8., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose. of increasing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. he A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now _ ready Cases 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- e _ plete for 3s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF ‘ BIRD NOTES."' Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes JI. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates (each) ..........cc.cccchcceecccerecactenseecs 21 0 “Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— ; To Members and Associates (each) .............cccecuceccetaereeees 10 0 To. Others =” yc eo ea ck ee ea 2 Sea 165 & Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates ; — : To Members and Associates (each) ...........c.cceceeceeets 2 ie 156 0 fh To WObh erg cd io oe Nahe bel aaa bee eae erinee ae 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. q Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) .............ccceceeeceececceves viele ; To. Others oi Ra ee tao te Ge Sa 23 Cases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be OP price 2s. 3d. post free, Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Feanieek, ‘ Avian Press,’’ Aotbourage will be pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. Qd., including Cover and return postage. : SPECIES "ie? Reared Young and HYBRIDS "Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. — RY WESLEY T. -PAGE, “E25. M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. & ILLUSTRATED. IN FERLEAVED. IN CLOTH MEDIUM 8yo. 3s, 6d., Net. By Post 3s 10d. 4 J HW. Mensrock Tue Avran Press,” ASHBCURNE MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. nen oe Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the lst January dm each year. A new Volume commences every January. , All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, Lotidon; N., 18 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market,” ‘and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., _ Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and _ Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z. 8., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, : Surrey. All Letters referring. to the above, identincation of birds, oto,, must contain a penny stamp for reply. y All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. : This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HEN STOOK, * Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (alao remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith, Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon: Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready Cases 2s. 8d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- plete for 3s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Cases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF ‘ BIRD NOTES." Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and II., there remains only a few copies; ite Members and Asioauien (GACH) 7: csaacocsn eee ntnarte} teas pose eauaes 21 @ £ Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coioured Plates :— £- To Members and Associates (each) :......... sah kles 44s-5 sehen 10. Ox # Ta: Othergr se iio eee SS POE a < 16 Ceres Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ..........cccececsecesesectenenee 16 0 To: Others a0 5 ees ae ee oS OS OF NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) ........csesescecessessetenneeeter 17 6 To Othets 7. 35, aie se ee ee ee ee, 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 “‘(oia Series) may be had, price 2s. 3d. post frees : Z Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained. eee from the Publisher, ‘Qs. 3d. ce free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, “Avian Press,’ Ashbourne; ‘will be ’ pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 33. 9d., including Cover and return postage. * 3 SPECIES which Reared Young | and . 3 ag hich ; : r HY BRI DS shee Been Bred : in Captivity in Great Britain. ] * BY : ’ \ WESLEY... Ts (PAGE, Fda. -M.B.N.HLS., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow’s — Classification slightly revised. s Se? ILLUSTRATED. INTERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. — MEDIUM 8vo. fe 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s, 10d, J WH. Mensrock “Tue AVIAN Press,” ASHBOURNE MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS, | —~44—— Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the lst January in each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 18 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market,” and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, _W. T. Page, F.Z.8;, etc., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. - All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the ‘following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. : All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, eto., must contain a penny stamp for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W i All other Correspondence, Chenges of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOCK, ** Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all ordera for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. Ail correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. © Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready Cases 2s. 8d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- plete for 3s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Cases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF “ BIRD NOTES.” Volume 1. is out of print. ~ Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates (each) .......c.ccccececbcsevcecsseeduveceapen 21 6 Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ............ccceceesersceessaeuee 10 0 To Others): (cide aes i ee 15 6 Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) .........ccececssccereceseeneeee 15 0 To -Othensi ooh 0. STARR Rees Rola. cinta eee 0G : NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. . . Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) .............csecceecneceeuter Pere: & aay | To sOthers:: 3! soci 50g Shee teed oe cone ee 23 0 Cases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 3d. post bee: Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 8, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publishers om 3d. post free. ; The Publisher, J. H. Hensrneks “Avian Press,’’ Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. — SPECIES ‘rave Reared Young and HYBRIDS ‘tie’ Been Bred in Captivity m Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. =PAGE, “E2553. BAN ies Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's , Classification slightly revised. e ILLUSTRATED. IN FERLEAVEDL. IN . CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo. 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. 10d. J Ho Mensrock “Tus Avian Press,” ASHBOURNE OCTOBER, 1918, Vol, 1. No. 10. AlL Rj ights Reserved. Price 16. Annas Subscriphion Seaaes /0 nNon-memsers, /5% es he clourna) oy? ; THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB LOrked ob Wesley Es Page, F.Z.S. ete. AP, fait Shee INNS oI Xs = ASHBOURNE. printed and Published by J. H. Henstook, Avian Press, Oe this % CONTENTS. -Oo— Patagonian and Egyptian Geese ....scccccesee By W. Shore Baily. The Birds of Tasmania ..... chu Sher By W. T. Page, F.Z,S., ete. ~ The Black-headed Sibia in its Native Woods ... By H. Whistler, | Ei ZeScB} The Endurance of Birds ~ pret By W. T. Page, FZS.. ete. Bird Life on the Eastern Front ...... By Lt. Gerald Ee Rattigan. Zebra Finches bred in a Cage Sent By Dorothy M. Pethie. Inset. | | 5 a ne SE rs a 2 POST MORTEM REPORTS. $44 Suspended for the present. Will be resumed as soon as & succes 4 sor can be found to Mr. Gray. f NOVEMBER, 1918. Vol. 1. No. 11. All_ Rights Reserved. Price 16. Annaol Subseriphron. . Sos 10 rnon-meméers, /5% Up an Pablisked about He 15% oO @ack mona, AK Cr 4 \ i i Fe % ns | IN wri! ? —= Pa < LS &? ~ rN 44 ASHBOURNE.. Printed and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Prese, CONTENTS. 7 Rae 4 The: Gocrgreed +. scott tent By Westey T. Pace, F. ZS. Ete. | VRLOS AMM a Crarce dec emt R cae tee gs By THE MarQuis OF Tavistock. i The Endurance of Birds ..2..c6..06.4 By W. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. © Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. ...... BY Dr. EL. Hopxtson, D,S.O., M.A., M.B. a The Birds of Tasmania .........5..... By W: T. Page, F.Z.S., ete. : SWAN Gees ees svesttet ss; REPRINTED FROM “‘ Country Life.” CoRRESPONDENCE—Details in Articles; Bird Notes of New / Milton District. | INSET. POST MORTEM REPORTS. SE ee Suspended for the present. Will be resumed ‘Qs BOON a8 & succes . sor can be found to Mr. Gray. _ ; DECEMBER, 1918, Vol. 1. No, 12- All’ Rights -Reserved. ee ae ue - } ~ é Y (iT) 8 ‘ ) S7 ; “Gy Price 16. Annaal Subscriphron soa =f non-memésers, /5 = —— — The clournal ox? THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Lorked chy~ Wesley T. Page, FZS.ete x Pablisked. abou He 15% of? exeh mont. en =e a ASHBOURNE. Printed and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, CONTENTS. -_~oO— British Birds in and around my Aviaries ... By W. SHORE BAILY. Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity ... By Dr. E. Hopxtinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. The Endurance of Birds ...... By WESLEY T. Pacg, F.Z.S., Ete. Birdroom N otes—i918 ©... cise spcsseceocacencenes By Mrs. BurcgEss. Swan-Geese Hybrids .......ccc0000 REPRINTED FROM Country Life. EDITORIAL. INDICES TO VOLUME. INSET. POST MORTEM REPORTS. +444 tuspeaded for the present. Will be resumed as soon as @ succes sor can be found te Mr. Gray. MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS, —~+>>—_ Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the Jet January im each year. A new Volume commences every January, All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 18 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘The Bird Market,”’ and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon, Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., “ Langatone,”’ Lingfield, Surrey, All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T, Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.9., « Langetone,”’ Lingfield, Surrey. _ All Letters referring to the above, Identincation of birds, ete,, must contain a penny stamp for reply. r > All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOOK, ** Avian Press,” Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders _ for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MS§., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month should at ones write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERs, A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready Cases 2s. 8d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com. plete for 3s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Cases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF ‘ BIRD NOTES.” $++o— - Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates (each) ..........ccescreceecssecteresnsceesse 21 0 Volumes IV. and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— : To Members and Associates (each) ...........c0cecccecneceencesecns 10 & To; Others: a soosusae eeaoees Soe ok eer pee eee 15 % Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Pilates :— To Members and Associates (each) ............cec0ceeceeeeernee aes 15.7 0. To: Others. 765 2 pet Lo rea mae an cna anes 20. 6 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II..to VIII, to Members (each) ...........ccccccsecceceecvactece A Yee To Others. 5.282. siete ek See ae ore cee 23° 0° Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 3d. post free: Oases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 8, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 3d.post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, ‘‘ Avian Press,’’ Ashbourne; will: be- » Pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. ; SPECIES ‘ave Reared Youn and - HYBRIDS ‘xc Been Bred: | in Captivity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B:N:HiS. Systematically arranged according to Dr, Gadow's. — Classification slightly revised. ee ILLUSTRATED, . INTERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8yvo 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. 10d. 4 J. H. Henstocxk ‘Tee Avian Press,” ASHBOURNE ¥ Te ee ee a ts " Pa ’ a ee ke ee i ~~ : vedas = eet ae MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. —++4+4+—— Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the lst January im each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 18 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market,” ‘and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, sto., must contain a penny stamp for reply, All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Chenges of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOOK, ** Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all ordera for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. Ail correspondence, MSS., ete., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer, Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready Cases 2s. 8d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- plete for 3s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF ‘ BIRD NOTES." ; Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates (each) ............2.sccecceceeeececteeneesees 21 © Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) .................cesceceeeneeeees 10 0 To*-Others 6728 a Sa, ee ee 15 9 Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates - — To Members. and Asabelates (each) ca24 cA rete 15 0 > To? Othang oe 55 he ee a ees 2 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes IT. to VIII, to Members (each) ..........0c..cccceceneceneceeeee elie To Others oo ieesc eke. tons. be ee Oe 23 0 Cases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 3d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher’ ‘Qs. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Hepatick “Avian Press,’’ Ashbourne; will be. pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. : SPECIES ‘have Reared Young and HYBRIDS ‘a Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow’s Classification slightly revised. o—— ILLUSTRATED. INTERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8yo 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. 10d. J. H. Mensrock ‘Tue Avian Pross,”’ ASHBOURNE MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. to Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the lst January im each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon, Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 18 All MSs. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for ‘‘ The Bird Market,” and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., ‘‘ Langstone,’’ Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the following gentlemen: Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W.-T. Page, F.Z.8., ‘‘ Langstone,’”’ Lingfield, Surrey. All Leitere referring to the above, identification of birds, ete,, must contain a penny stamp for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W ~ All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent ~ to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOCK, ** Avian Press,’’ Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc.; (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. ; Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each month should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now _Teady Cases 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume com- plete for 3s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF ‘ BIRD NOTES.” $44 - Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there regs only a few copies; to Members and Associates™Qeach) .......0....ccccecnceteeceseceeeaverans 21 & Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates :— To Members and Associates (each) ...........c.:cceceeeecseeeeretee 10 0 To VOCROr es, 7.4, SB Beene DE oe eae 16 9 Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand- coloured Plates :— To Morahers, and Watocintes (Sac e e e ee 16 0 Pe OCHELB., a ecu ta > o Sactc MeL ae bore clan 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each). ............ccceccecceceecneressseee 17 @& Te> Others x. 5 geen oo ee eR eee 23. 0. Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 3d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained: from the Publisher, 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, ‘‘ Avian Press,’?’ Ashbourne; will be, pleased to Bind Members’ Copies at 3s. 9d., including Cover and: return postage. fe — nS ORES SS OTE EM ES TE SR SPECIES ‘2% Reared Young Aa HYBRIDS.‘ Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. BY? WESLEY: Ts. PAGE, -F.Z:8:;, MB Se Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow’s Classification slightly revised. Se Se ILLUSTRATED. INVERLEAVED. “SIN “CLOTH: MEDIUM | 8yo. 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. 10d. tT WH Sensrock ‘Tee Avian Pruss,” ASHBOURNE Bete eae PER | 0, oe pc aE 0 A a Meta el TOT 100217449