TO | ! | i FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCrENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY cer BIRD NOTES. Fhith amp. GREAT OF GIANT BARBES Me galema virens rom a living specimsnin the possession of 5M. Townsend Esqre BIRD NOTES. = ? y - . ~~ ) THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB FOR THE STUDY OF ALL SPECIES OF BIRDS IN FREEDOM AND CAPYIIVITY. VOLUME VIII. * By mutual confidence and mutual ad Great deeds ave done and great discoveries made.’’ EDITED BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S. BRIGHTON W. T. MOULTON & Co., 4, CHURCH STREET’. 19C9. YRER ETL ENT XC Mura (AGIREM I” XhO1 ae TANYA to) aplete vai nae ie r 7 r 1 ‘ ve ; f ol ' ‘ om = rd S¥e0 War th = lee Seaham en ee ed Th SHAN wok nae SRO a ee Pe HV ha Se inky eee ¥ — Mee See, ri - We SA aereipenee < 2 OSH 103% v Ny . 1G > oly Leet ape ee * i eit Reo nae oh west Meee. SORES HS Derr Seen ke Oe ad — “> : 8S Meares ekobes to) rT * , Pa Py “ee hoe Eto Ge orcs eee ee 1235) Bei eeae SAE CD gh pill oa gt INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS, * The asterisk is affixed to those Contributions which appear as Correspondence. BAKER, Miss MAry E. The Breeding of Malabar Mynahs, 188 Briss, H. E. * A Private Consignment of South African Birds, Notes of Birds of Cape Colony, 57, 98 BROOK, EH, J. My Birds of Paradise, 123 * Birds of Paradise—A Warning, 172 * Nesting of the Black Lory, 268, 284 DEWAR, D., I.C.S., F.Z.S. Aviary Birds I have met in their Natural State, The Birds of India, 45, 64, 102, 202 Minivets, 151 DONALD: C. H.,- B:Z.S: The Golden Eagle, 242 * Falcons and Herons, 300 DRUMMOND, JAMES, F.I..S., F.Z.S. Bird Notes from Far and Near, 237, 301 DUNLEATH, Lady Miscellaneous Notes (1908) from the Ballywalter Park Aviaries, Duron, The Hon. and Rev. Canon Uveean Parrakeet, 217 EDITORIALS. Banana Crystals, 28 University of California Publications, 28 A Rare Arrival, 51 Nesting Notes, 52, 82, I12, 136, 160, 198, Our Vanishing Species, 53 Pied Ox or Buffalo Weaver, 54 Importing Foreign Birds. 54 British Bird Notes, 54 A Group of Interesting Acquisitions, 81 Nesting of the Grey-winged Ouzels, 111, 160 Nesting of Pope + Grey Cardinals, 111 29 9 227 I2 1v. Index to Contributors. EDITORIALS—continued. Y Kose tt A] The Uncertainties of Aviculture, 112 Live Gentles, 133 i ‘The Successful Breeding of Insectivorous Species in Captivity, 135 Green Glossy Starlings, 137 Zoo Notes, 138, 162 Marking Migrating Birds, 139 The Giza Zoo, 139 Isle of Wight Bee Disease, 140 A Unique Rarity, 140 Preservation of Raré Species of Birds, 161 Mexican Quail, 162 Nesting of Magpie Tanager, 162 An Unique Consigninent, 163 The Friar Bird’s Escapade, 163 Shining Flyeatcher, 164 The Black-sided Hanguest, 196 The Mexican Hangnest, 196 Birds of Paradise, 197 Mever’s Sickle-billed Bird of Paradise, 197 Superb Birds of Paradise, 197 Blue Birds of Paradise, 198 Princess Stephanie’s Bird of Paradise, 198 Bower Birds, 198 ; Mountain Cassowary, 198 Club Certificates, 228 A Young Oriole’s Experience, 266 A Persistent Robin, 266 Breeding Pin-tailed Whydahs, 267 Hybrids, 267 Crushed Hopes, 267 GoopDcHILD, H., M.B.O.U. A September Ramble in the Isle of Wight, 230 British Section, L.C.B.A., 279 GOODFELLOW, WALTER Further Notes on the Black-winged Lory, 207 Gray, H., M.R.C.V.S. Diseaszs of Birds, 285 Mange, Scabies, Scaly-leg, etc., 285 Body or Feather-shedding Mange, 287 HADLEY, I. R. Sexing Violet-necked Lories, 49 An Uncommon Acquisition, 155 Index to Contributors. v. HARPER, E. W., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. Flower-peckers, 240 HARTLEY, (Mrs.) E. A. H. * An Extraordinary Colour Change, 28 HEUMANN, G. A. Bird Notes from Far and Near, 113 HOPKINSON, E., D.S.O., M.A., M.B. The Birds of Gambia, 5, 35, 92, 125, 149, 177, 213, 261, 289 * Nesting of Grey Cardinals, 236 Howkg, F. Nature Notes—New Zealand, 142 The Great Grey Shrike in Captivity, 186 The Wryneck, 297 JOHNSON, H. V. Notes on the Ruddy Bunting, 192 * Hermaphrodite Bulbul, 299 LITILe, Miss C. ROSA Breeding Swainson’s Lorikeets, 186 MArHras, HAYWARD W. * Rings for Lovebirds, etc., 203 Breeding of Passerine Parrakeets and Black-clheeked Lovebirds, 245 A Belated Swallow, 265 NMARWELL, (C. I. The Cuban Trogon, 33 MILLER, TINNISWOOD, F.Z.S. A further account of the Yellow-winged Sugar Bird, 100 MILLSuUM, O. Parasitical Habits of the Silky Cowbird, 20 The Black-wing Tory, 175 PAGE, Miss F. B. (per) Bird Notes from Far and Near, 56, 113 PAGE, WESLEY T., F.Z.S., etc. The Genus Megalema, 3 Foreign Birds at the Crystal Palace, 22 Bird Notes from Far and Near, 30, 60, 83, I41 Mrs. Anningson’s Aviaries, 43 Leclancher or Rainbow Bunting, 61 An Easter Visit to Members’ Aviaries, 68 Bird Notes from the Zoo, 94 V2, Index to Contrtbrutors: PAGE, WrSLEY ‘l.—/continued). ; MEERA. Gt The Bullfinch, 106, 164 The Month’s Arrivals, 144, 204 The Nesting of the Grev-winged Ouzels, » 181 British Bird Notes, 201 The Flame-breasted Flower-peckers, 239 Visits to Members’ Aviaries, 250 A Pet Swallow, 265 Foreign Section, L.C.B.A., 271 PATTERSON, Rev. Jo Wt Aviary Notes for 1909, 226 * A Fertile Hybrid. 267 PERREAU, Capt. G. A., F.Z.S. Birds in and about the Station (Bakloh), 218, 282 SICH ey Iu * A Hybrid Grassfinch, 29 Sucerr’, R. Experiences of Foreign Bird Importation, 16 Nesting of Blackecaps and Snowbuntings, 127 British Bird Notes, 199, 228, 264 Redwing, The, 228 TESCHEMAKER, W. E., B.A. The Month’s Arrivals, 31, 58, 86,- 116, 172, 268, 302 The Rufous Tinamou, 8g The Nesting of the Dwarf Ground Dove, the Cinnamon Tree- Sparrow and Pelzelu’s Saffron Finch, 189 * Tits, Kestrels and Herons, 202 TOWNSEND, S. M. The Giant Barbet, 1 VERNON, Mrs. K. WARREN British Bird Aviary at loddington Manor, 105 British Birds—Field Notes, 109 Hand-rearing Flycatchers and Blackcaps, 169 WARD, Hon. Mrs. SOMERSE'T +5 Coaledhitsis 7a * Hawks and Herons, 172 WILLFORD, H. My Birds and their Doings, 119, 147, 193. , Hand-reariug Jays, 171 Index to Plates. vit. INDEX TO PEARES: * Denotes Coloured Plates, To face page. * The Great or Giant Barbet we ue .. Frontispiece. Cranes, Rheas, etc., at Ballywalter Park .. Be } 14 ‘The White Egret wie ae a6 a0 15 St Helena Seedeater x Canary Hybrid .. 96 oe 28 * The Cuban Trogon aie aa Ne 0 Pie 33 * Leclancher or Rainbow Bunting... ae 06 ne 61 Mr. I.ewis’s Aviaries a. 50 or ie Se 70 Mr. Willford’s Birdrooms a ae ee ac 71 Mr. ‘Yeschemaker’s Aviary in Winter Garb ae sits 88 Great ‘Tinamous P ae oe as 89 Bird of Paradise Flights a at the Lotter Zoo ve 94 The New Flights for the Birds of Paradise at the Wan eion Zoo ne 50 nc 95 The British Bird iran: at erpdatagton Wace aC 36 105 a riangular Spotted Wpigeous. Ca Cotterell’ ste a 105 7 // r. Willford’s. Ryinniee 2 inteor of No. 5 Be ae 118 Purple-capped Lories .. ee we «e BO 118 The Silky Cowbird laying in captivity .. e Follow in concrete floor, forming bath, with wasle pipe. handsome and well finished one—34 feet long, 6 feet wide, and 7 feet high at the eaves, standing on a bed of concrete 12 inches thick. It is divided into three sections: shelter 6 feet, covered flight 17 feet, open flight rr feet. The entire back and north end is close boarded; the front and south end is covered with half-inch mesh wire-netting; the roof has 6 feet boarded and felted, 17 feet covered with corrugated iron sheets and the remaining 11 feet with half-inch mesh netting. ‘The whole of the front is fitted with glazed shutters outside the wire netting, fitting closely into rebates and draught proof, so that, in severe weather, when these are shut the aviary is entirely enclosed, and all its inmates have to combat with is the low temperature. With such arrangements it seems almost superfluous to say that its occu- pants werein the best of health and condition, giving ample evidence that not only had they a sumptuous dwelling, but that they were also the re- Cipieuts of careful attention ; without the latter the best arranged and most 44 Mrs, Anningson's Finch Aviary. palatial aviary would be a failure, and with such some of the most simple and crude structures have given excellent results. ‘The portions of the structure not yet indicated consisted of well-made framing built up of 2-inch quarter- ing and I-inch tongued and grooved match-boarding. The occupants are many, interesting and varied. ‘The following were the more prominent: Glossy Starlings; Pekin Robins; Giant, Shaft- and Pin-tailed Whydahs; Scarlet and other Tanagers; White and Grey Java Sparrows ; Magpie and other Mannikins; Fire, Diamond, Ribbon, Gouldian, Zebra, Ruficauda, Quail, and other Finches; Grenadier, Orange and Mada- gascar Weavers; Zebra, Orange-cheek, St. Helena and other Waxbills; Bengalese; Spice Birds; Common and Green Avadavats; Cape, Peaceful, Zebra aud Diamond Doves; Yellow and Green Budgerigars; Red-faced, Peach-faced, Madagascar, and Black-cheeked Lovebirds ; Quails; Canaries; Virginian and other Cardinals. Also the following British species: Redpoll, Linnet, Yellow Bunting, Blue Tits, Blackcaps, Wagtails, Bramblings, Wrens, Gold- and Bull-finches, and many others. All the above were flying to- getherin perfect harmony, except the Glossy Starlings, which occupied the enclosure marked C on ground plan, this enclosure is lighted by windows on the east side or back of aviary. It certainly needs no words of mine to point out how charming was such a display, or how continuous a source of pleasure, interest, and care, such an avian family must be. Mrs. Anningson is the fortunate possessor of an intelligent maid, who appeared to be very interested in the birds, and an able assistautin the care of so large and varied a series. In spite of the variety, though Mrs. Anningson has shared the general experience of most aviculturists in 1908 being a bad year for breeding results, yet there are mostly a good number of young birds reared annually, but the birds have ample space and are not in the least crowded, though the list enumerated in these notes is not by any means a full one. I must also note, in passing, Dr. Anningson’s two fine ¢ Magpies, occupying a long flight with some Pheasants, having ample space to exercise their wings; it was an ornithological treat to watch these fine birds —nota feather out of place and as clean as if in the full enjoyment of liberty, with their plumage glossed with a satin-like lustre. ‘Those who are apt to speak of our avifauna as plainly clad, ete., im comparison with the birds of tropical climes, would need to recall their words after watching for half an hour these two grand and animated specimens of British feathered life. Lastly, I must briefly describe the Peach-faced Lovebird aviary. This is an octagonal structure, built on the same plan as the one already des- cribed, and can either be entirely closed or open according to the weather. Here amida mass of Fir and Box branches (frequently renewed) were a dozen or more of this exquisite species; one or more nests were in existence with birds incubating, but it was very late in the season, and I am doubtful as to whether they would yield any result. The Birds of India, 45 Since my visit, of which the record is now closed, another aviary on similar lines, constructed of double boarding, with felt between, and thesame arrangemient of glazed shutters has been constructed as a Tanager aviary, but this must form another story, as I hope to see it at no distant date. In conclusion, for the benefit of our members, I would ask Mrs, Anningson to kindly give some details of her methods of feeding and treatment, aud also to recall some nesting experiences for the general good, The Birds of Fndia. By Doucras DEwaR, I.C.S. [A Lecture delivered before the Indian Section of the Royal Society of Arts, and reproduced by kind permission of the Author and R.S.A.] From the Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, (Continued from page 289, Vol. VIZ.) ‘THE CHARM OF BIRDS. Mr. W. H. Hudson quotes Sir Edward Grey as saying that the love and appreciation and study of birds is something fresher and brighter than the second-hand interests and conventional amusements in which so many in these days try to live; that the pleasure of seeing and listening to them is purer and more lasting than any pleasures of excitement, and, in the long run, “happier than personal success.” Only those who have come under the sway of the charm of birds can appreciate to what an extent the joze de vivre is enhanced by an acquaint- ance with them. Interest in the feathered hosts, when once aroused in a man, will never flag or wane. Rather will it growin intensity with advancing years, so that many a man as “Swift to its close ebbs out life’s little day,” has been able to say, with the late Mr. R. Bosworth Smith, ‘ Birds have been to me the solace, the recreation, the passion of a life time.” It is not easy to describe in words the nature of the enduring happiness which the love of birds gives. This must, of necessity, vary with temperament. Says Gilbert White: “lo yonder bench, leaf-shelter’d, let us stray, ‘Till blended objects fail the swimming sight, And all the fading landscape sinks in night ; To hear the drowsy dor come brushing by With buzzing wing, or the shrill cricket cry; ‘To see the feeding bat glance through the wood; To catch the distant falling of the flood; While o'er the cliff th’ awakened churn-owl hung Through the still gloom protracts his chattering song; While high in air, and pois’d upon his wings, Unseen,'the soft enamour’d woodlark sings: ‘These, Nature’s works, the curious mind employ, Inspire a soothing, melancholy joy: As fancy warms, a pleasing kind of pain Steals o’er the cheek, and thrills the creeping vein.” 46 The Birds of India. ‘There are occasions on which watching birds has inspired in me “ a sooth- ing, melancholy joy.” But, asa rule, the pleasure which the feathered folk give me, is of amore lively and exhilarating nature, not infrequently cul- minating in mirth and laughter. For this, the birds of India are largely responsible. As I have said elsewhere, the man who can watch the doings of the Indian Crow for half an hour without being provoked to laughter should, without delay, apply for six monthis’ leave on medical certificate. I ain sometimes asked, Wherein lies the attraction of birds? The reply is: “In their sprightliness, their vivacity, their beauty, and their grace.” As Mr. F. W. Headley justly observes, ‘‘a bird seems to have more life in him than any other living creature.” In a sense birds stand at the head of creation. It is on them that nature has showered a double portion of her good things. ‘Their power of flight gives them a big advantage over their terrestrial fellow-creatures. “Birds,” wrote Professor Newton, “‘ have no need to lurk hidden in dens, or to slink from place to place under the shelter of the inequalities of the ground or of the vegetation which clothes it, as is the case with so many animals of similar size.” ‘This locomotive superiority, although it must add greatly to the happiness of the life of a bird has not been all gain. Animals are so constituted that it is only through intense struggle that they advance towards perfection. ‘The fowls of the air, safe in their power of flight, have not been obliged to use their wits to the extent that terrestrial creatures have. Instead of developing a large brain, they have dissipated their energy in flight, song, aud gorgeous plumage. Birds form a backwater in the stream of evolution. THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BIRDS. I have already dwelt upon the richness of the avifauna of India. It is this wealth in number and variety of species which makes it so valuable to the biologist. Grant Allen has said somewhere that there is no university like the tropics, that no mau can be said to be properly educated who has not passed the tropical tripos. It is significant that the idea of natural selection came to both Darwin and Wallace in the tropics. ‘his great hypothesis revolutionised biology. But since Darwin’s day the science has made comparatively little progress. ‘This appears to be in great part due to the comparative poverty of the European fauna. ‘The Americans are more fortunate in this respect. But in the New World the progress of biological science has been greatly hindered by the prevailing belief in America, not only that acquired charac- teristics are capable of inheritance, but that their inleritance has playedan important part in evolution. Whether or no the explanations I suggest are the correct ones, the fact remains that of late years biology has made progress commensurate with the impetus given it by the publication of Darwin’s “ Origin of Species.” The Birds of India. 47 Nearly half a century ago Jerdon wrote in the introductory chapter to his “Birds of India’’?:—‘‘The tendency of the present age is to accu- mulate facts, and not to generalise, but we have now a sufficiency of facts, and want our Lyall to explain them.” Since Jerdon’s day things have changed. At present we are almost overwhelmed by theories. Many of these possess little or uo value be- cause they are founded on an insufficient basis of fact. Day by day fresh theories are published which would not have been enunciated had their originators graduated in the University of the Tropics. As an example of the kind of absurdities to which theorising on in- sufficient evidence leads I may cite Dr. Jenner’s explanation of the parasitic habits of the Cuckoo. He suggested that the short stay which Cuckoos make in England is the true reason why they do not bring up their own young, as the parent birds would be impelled, by a desire to migrate, to quit their progeny before they were able to provide for themselves. Had that eminent medical man paid a visit to India, and studied the habits of the commonest Cuckoo, the Koel, he would not have formulated this theory. ‘he Koel stays for over six months in those localities where it breeds, so that there can be no question of its having sufficient time to rear up its young. NEO-DARWINISM. The growth of what is known as Neo-Darwinisin is a striking example of the modern tendency to theorise on insufficient evidence. A large school of biologists, headed by Dr. Wallace and Prof. Weismaun, declare that all the varied phenomena of the organic world can be explained by the action of natural selectiov on indefinite and indeterminate variations. I venture to submit that Wallace and Weismann would have but few followers had our European naturalists the advantage of an intimate acquaintance with the birds of India. Come with mein imagination to a wood on the Nilgiri hills and let us rest there a little, sheltered by the foliage from the rays of the sun, and listen to the voices of the birds. The joyous notes of the Bulbul (O/ocompsa Suscicaudata) fall unceasingly on the ear, forming the dominant note of the bird choir. Upon these are superimposed a tumult of other sounds—the curious call of the Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus horsfieldit), the mirthful tones of the Laughing Thrush (77ochalopterum cachinnans), the sweet little song of the White-browed Fantailed Flycatcher, the softer lay of ‘Tickell’s Flycatcher (Cyornts tackellt), the cheeping of the black and orange species (Ochromela nigrirufa), the feeble twitters of the grey-headed one (Czlicicapa ceylonensis), aud a multitude of other sounds. THE PARADISE FLYCATCHER. While we are listening a fairy-like bird flits silently into view and perches in a leafy tree. his is a Paradise Flycatcher—a cock in the full glory of his adult plumage. Jet black is his crested head, contrasting 48 The Birds of India. sharply with his snowy plumage. Two of his tail feathers, 12 inches longer than the others, hang down like satin streamers. The hen lacks this ornament, and is deep chestnut where her lord and master is white, While we are contemplating him another cock appears on the scene, but he, although possessing the two long tail feathers, is rich chestnut in colour, asis the hen. Heis in the second year of his existence, but, like his white neighbour, has a wife and a nest, on which he spends much of the day. Paradise Fycatchers are restless creatures, constantly on the move. These two are soon lost to view amid tlie green foliage. But another bird, in its way equally beautiful, has appeared on the scene. Having taken some tiny insect upon the wing, it has alighted on a horizontal branch, and is now bowing gracefully to right and to left, the while spreading out its tailinto a fan and singing its lay, which has been likened to the opening bars of the ‘‘Guards’ Valse.’ This is the White- browed Fantailed Flycatcher. We cannot say whether it is a cock or hen, for in this species there is no external difference between the sexes. But its habits are very similar to those of the Paradise Flycatcher, and, like that form, it builds an open cup-shaped nest. From the same tree a Grey- headed Flycatcher makes a sally into the air after the ‘‘ circling gnat.”” He must have been sitting there some time; but, being inconspicuous, he escaped our notice until he moved. Let us now saunter on a little, keeping our eyes open for other species of Flycatcher, because it is these we particularly wish to see. In one tree we notice, picking insects off the leaves, a flock of Minnivets (Pericrocotus flammeus), the cocks arrayed in black and flaming red, while the hens look equally gay in their gowns of black and bright yellow. On one of the lower branches of the same tree we notice a dumipy little bird with a short square tail, robin-like in colouring but very unrobin-like in shape. It suddenly takes to its wings, circles after some tiny insect, and returns to, its perch, and thus we are able to recognise it as the Black-and-Orange Flycatcher. The sexes being alike in plumage we cannot say to which one this individual belongs. A sharp “chick, chick,” followed by a little tune of six notes, betrays the presence of a Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher. Approaching softly the tree whence the song seems to come we soon discover the exquisite little, glistening blue, red-breasted songster. We have now seen all the common Flycatchers of the Nilgiris save the blue one(S/eparola albicaudata), aud it is not long before we come upon him. He is an indigo-coloured bird, with whitish underparts. Goinga little farther we come upon the brownish-olive hen, with three youngsters, , which are brown, spotted with yellow. (Zo be continued.) Sexing Violet-necked Lories. 49 Sering Wioletenecked Dortes. By ©: KR: ELADERY. Seeing the question of the outward sexual distinctions of this species has been raised in another journal, possibly the following details may be of some little interest to some of our members. I have made rough pencil sketches, as near life size as possible [reproduced half-size.—Ep.], so as to clearly indicate the distinctions given. They are both adult and appear to be of about equal age, and are thoroughly acclimatised. The ? has the purple band on the front of the neck slightly broader, the purple head mark more intense in colour ; the tail also is slightly longer than that of the male. Theis of slightly slimmer build and is more active looking. Eos riciniata. Reproduced half size from rough pencil sketches by the Author. The chief difference is in the head, that of the ¢ being more rounded, his beak is smaller and more rounded from side to side, that of the ? being more angular. I may further remark that the colour of the neck of the ? is quite distinct in intensity of colouring from that of the ¢. Her beak is long, slender, angular and yellowish in colour. Colouration, rich red, purplish neck and body band; black flights ; purplish tail ; the red wing bar is smaller in area; she is heavier in build and shows less thigh than the ¢. so male. 2 female. 50 Book Notices and Reviews. The beak of the ¢ is stouter and shorter than the ?. Colouration, rich red; violet neck; purple body band; black flights; purplish tail; shaped neck band; wing bars clear red and larger in area than those of the ?. [The above is of much interest, and if those of our mem- bers, who possess birds of which the sexes have been proved, would record sexual distinctions it would much increase the interest and practical utility of our Journal, there are many even well known species (Finches, etc., as well as Parrots), the out- ward sexual distinctions of which are but vaguely described—L would urge our members to send us many similar records to the above. Ep. | Book Wotices and Reviews. THE BIOTA OF ‘THE SAN BKRNARDINO MOUNTAINS, by JOSEPH GRINNELL. ‘The University Press, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. A glossary of contents was given in March: issue of this interesting work—of course it is the chapters referring to bird life and distribution that will appeal most to F.B.C. Members. The chapter entitled—‘‘ General Considerations. Bird Population and Its Modifying Influences ’”’—is of intense interest, though of course only a few broken quotations can be made therefrom in the space at our disposal. “Tn the coastal lowlands of Southern California, a condition manifests itself which has. “ been commented upon several times, but which, as far as I am aware, has not been ex- ‘plained. I refer to the almost universal exodus in July of many of the birds of the “ summer-visitant category, which have bred and raised broods during April, May and “June, Such as Bullock Oriole, Yellow Warbler, Lazuli Bunting, Parkman Wren, Black- “headed Grosbeak aud many others...... become scarce, or disappear altogether, towards “the end of July. Even resident species..... California Bushtit and Jay, Black Phoebe, Auna “ Humming-bird, aud others, are reduced in numbers, although they appear again in early ‘winter. The reason for the summer exodus is plain...... July to October constitute the “ winter season at the lower altitudes of Southern California as far as the food supply is “concerned, ...the May bird population, which is abundant cannot continue to be sup- ““ ported after this winter season sets in, and the result is, they must move elsewhiere...... ** where do our birds go?..... many species which bred far below us are now (August) moving “up the mountains...... Black-headed Grosbeaks, Bushtits, Western Guatcatchers, Wrens, “ Warblers, are moving up along the Santa Ana, where a mouth ago none of these species “were to be seen...... All this influx of population appears to be mainly due to the con- “spicuous abundance of both vegetable and insect food, particularly the latter.......... “Normally seed-eating birds are taking advantage of this supply, aud such species as the “ Western Chipping Sparrows and Lazuli Bunting are seen carrying larvee to their full- “ srown but teasing offspring...... All this invasion of the higher altitudes occurs when “ spring and summer are just dawning there, but when the foothills and plains below are “ become dry and barren under the July heat.’ Editorial, 51 Mr. Grinnell points out that when the food supply fails on the higher altitudes the birds return to the lowlands. ‘Towards the close of the chapter the author makes some interesting observations ve the great mortality among bird life and also the extent to which winter’s cold contributes to this, the following extracts will indicate the thoroughness of these observations. : “The vast mortality in even the more slowly reproducing birds is a result of the equally “large birth rate which is essential to provide the host of individuals factoring in this “‘process. ‘The phenomena of migration and limited habitats are results, as well as the “ evolution of new species through geographic variation because of isolation.’’......... *“The birds become at least doubly numerous from the last of July on, when the “families of young came into prominence. When and where does the pinch come which “reduces this great augmentation back to normal spring limits.’ “T have on many occasions from year to year, at Pasadena in December and January, “noted a great mortality among Audubon Warblers, here, of course, in their winter habitat. “This mortality occurs in dry, cold weather, the dead birds being found in the morning on “* side walks beneath trees, or along hedges where presumably the bird had gone to roost “ for the night...... the general impression being that they have been chilled to death by the EO ErOSt..-ce- But nothing has impressed itself more forcibly on my mind than the conclusion * that well-fed birds do not die from exposure to cold.* ...I have examined many...... invariably “found them emaciated and without a trace of fat...... they succumbed from ill-nourishment ** because of the scarcity of food to which they were adapted...... We begin to see, then, “what becomes of the yearly increase. Of course there are other factors..... enemies “among both birds and mammials...... There must be much variation in the individual *“‘ ability of birds to secure an adequate living when food is scarce. And, by the process “of natural elimination, it must be that species are becoming more and more intensely ** developed in their food getting ability, along the line of greatest advantage.”’ ‘Thus ends a chapter of great interest, which is but feebly indicated by the extracts given above. The List of Birds is very complete, and the notes on distribution, wild life, etc., of great interest. The whole fauna of the region is dealt with in a like exhaustive and thorough manner—the work is well illustrated with coloured maps and about 30 excellent photographic reproductions. It should form a welcome addition to very many of our niembers’ bookshelves. Editorial. A RARE ARRIVAL. Our esteemed member, Mrs. K. Leslie Miller, is the fortunate possessor of the only living specimen of Leclanche’s Bunt- ing (Cyanospiza leclanchert) which has so far reached this country. It is an exquisite species, rivalling the smaller Tanagers (Chlorophonia) for beauty and far more dainty and beautiful than the gorgeous and familiar Non- pariel Bunting. It belongs to the same genus as the well known Indigo and Nonpareil Buntings, and is described as the Rainbow Bunting by Mr. Beebe in ‘“ ‘lwo Bird Lovers in Mexico.” It is certainly appropriate and much more suitable for so dainty a gem than the formidable coguomen * The italics are mine.—Ep. 52 Fadttorial, given above. I refrain from further description at present as Mr. Goodchild is preparing a coloured drawing, which we hope to figure in our next issue. NESTING NOTES. So far noue have been sent in, and the only case worth noting iu my Own aviaries, so far, is that of the Grey-winged Ouzels, and though building a uest is only a small detail of the full pro- gramme of rearing young to maturity, vet it rouses hope and interest and has also brought to light several points of much interest. ‘the pair of birds in question were brought over for me in the Spring of last year by Captain Perreau: they did well, but were a long time coming into good plumage. Last Autumn they moulted and came into lovely plumage; in February the $ began to drive the ? about, giving her no peace, and I was contemplating asking one of my avicultural friends with large natural aviaries to take them over fora few mouths, as it seemed a pity to let the opportunity run to waste. However, my readers will hardly be surprised to hear that I finally decided to chance my luck, and (limited as is the accommodation of my aviaries and also overcrowded) to do what I could to induce them to nest under my own observation; so I wrote to my esteemed friend Mr. Teschemaker and asked him if he could get mea Blackbird’s or a Thrush’s nest, hoping they would appropriate it for the rearing of a family, and in preparation therefore I manufactured quite a thicket out of a bundle of pea sticks. Owing to the lateness of the season Mr. feschemaker found him- self unable to respond to my request immediately. In the meantime the birds settled the matter for themselves, my artificial thicket was despised and also all my other, as I thought, well planned out contrivances on their behalf. ‘The hen was seen stripping the bark off the aviary branches and carrying it in huge beakfuls under the roofed-in portion of their enclosure. I left them severely alone till a few days ago, when, having to go in for cleaning purposes, I found a typical nest, constructed of mud, bark, and straw, on the top of some nest boxes. On Saturday (April 3rd) Mr. Teschemaker kindly sent me the first Thrush’s nest for the season, from his district, and I at once fixed it in the artificial thicket and awaited the result. I will not trouble my readers with the argument that I credited those birds with, but they most certainly showed their contempt for all the devices their owner’s inventive genius could fashion for them by pulling to pieces the natural nest provided and ignoring every provision made for their comfort (?) ‘The points I have noted are as follows :— (1) ‘The nest constructed under such adverse conditions is a typical oue. (2) The hen alone collected all the building material. (3) The hen alone did the building. Now a few words as to the demeanour of the ¢ during these opera- tions—this may be tersely described as follows :— As soon as the hen commenced gathering nestiug materials he ceased to drive her about. Edttorial. 53 He guarded her carefully while she was collecting material and suffered no other bird to impede her movements. He followed her into the shed and stood on guard, on a near branch, while she was disposing of each instalment in the building up of the nest fabric, permitting no other bird to come near. It was of much interest to me to note, that, apart from the details given above, he had no part in nest coustruction. He has not been seen carrying a single straw, bent, or particle of mud during the whole period, not even when courting the hen. The hen not only collected the material, but searched for it as well; the male simply saw that she was not impeded. ‘The nesting site—this is well chosen, being as close under the roof as a good base permitted them to get, and when the nest is finally complete I should say it will be very difficult of access for marauders. It will be interesting to note the forces the male has had to contend against, viz..: Rosella Parrakeets, Jendaya Conure, Cockateels, Budgerigars, Rosy Pastors, Black-headed Sibias, and several species of Cardinals. He is master of all! All the above birds have been out of doors through the recent blizzards, and are in exquisite condition. I am hoping to be able to describe the eggs and callow young in our next issue. Will this hope be realised ? OUR VANISHING SPECIES. British birds come quite within our scope, aud our membership covering the whole British Isles, I think we might do much to aid apparently fast vanishing species of our nature avi- fauna from becoming totally extinct by say— (1) Refusing to acquire such when offered, even if we do lose choice ex- hibition specimens by so doing. (2) By reporting every known case of contravention of the Bird Protec- tion Laws to the Police, whether as affecting eggs, dead birds, or living specimens of such species. (3) By using our influence among our circle of friends and acquaintances for this purpose, even to the acting as a sort of Vigilance Committee over such species as are in danger in our own locality. Such a Society as ours, if fully alive to the need, should be able to do much in this direction, aud now the subject has been mooted, may I urge that those of our members acquainted with the subject will send in lists of species in danger in their district. Such lists to be published in Sz7d Noles so that none may plead ignorance. I feel that the above will commend itself to our whole membership, and thatall will render what aid they can, so that none of our native avifauna go under, save such as become exterminated by the inexorable march of bricks and mortar and the consequent absorption of their native wilds. We can do much by lending our influence and pecuniary aid (as individuals) for the provision of district sanctuaries, where at any rate a small number may be still retained. 54 Editorial. PIED OX OR BUFFALO WEAVER. ‘he accompanying plate calls for practically no description, save perhaps to remind our members that it reached our esteemed member, Mr. Millsum, via the Continent and arrived dead. It simply remains for me to say that with the exception of a few of the neck feathers, which are chocolate-brown, the light and dark areas shown in plate are white and black respectively. ‘This bird is yellow (see also “ Birds of Gambia,” page 39 of this issue). IMPORTING FOREIGN BIRDS. From a recent letter received from our esteemed member, Mr. Suggit, that as a result of the joint attempt to import rare foreigners (vide &.N. March issue) by Mr. Sutcliffe and himself, they have had a letter from the mate of the vessel that among others he has the following :—Noupareils, Partridges, Hangnests, Blue Buutings (Azulecos) [very probably Cyanospiza lazulina. Ed.], Stork, Thrushes, Mocking Birds, Violet anager, Dominicoes (S. arva). Wemust hope that the list will be still further added to and that they will all reach this country alive, as there appear to be several very interesting species among them. BRITISH BIRD NOTES. I have been spending the Easter at Stubbington, and the Isle of Wight, with our esteemed members Messrs. Mathias, Willford, and I.ewis, and my holiday has been the more enjoyable for avicultural gossip and viewing our members’ aviaries and birds ; but must reserve my notes of same for next issue. At Stubbington the variety and song of birds was little short of overpowering—the power of song especially in early morning was simply wonderful, and during my three days’ stay here I do not think the Lark was silent for more than ten ininutes at a time, between 5 a.m. and dusk— often a dozen carolling at once; while Thrushes, Blackbirds, Linnets, Acceutodrs, Robins, Wrens, and many others so dear to English hearts were in abundance and nests numerous on every hand. During a walk to Hill Haven, and while enjoving the prospect there, a local bird lover reported the first Swallow on April 7th, which was confirmed a little later on by Col. Delmé Radcliffe’s keeper. The next day I received a letter from my esteemed friend Mr. W. E. Teschemaker, from which I quote the follow- ing :— ““‘I'wo Swallows turned up on April 7th, many on the 8th, and a big “flight of Wheatears. Saw two Chiffchaffs and a Willow Warbler on “the gth.” It would thus appear that probably April 7th may be the date of first arrivals or, at any rate, an additional influx of Swallows and other birds on the South Coast. Photo by E. O. Page THE BUFFALO oR OX WEAVER—ABNORMAL PLUMAGE, 56 Bird Notes from Far and Near. Bird Wotes from Far and Wear. ABOU’) MY PENDULINE TIrMICH. From an interesting account by Frau Marie Assaulenko, in Die Gefiederte Well the following notes have been compiled. Of the many species of Tits the Penduline is one of the finest and most attractivein many features of the leading characteristics of these interesting birds; though so delicate and frail, that only a few very experienced bird-keepers succeed in keeping them for any length of time. 1 had been specially desirous for a long time for a pair of such birds, and although the Titmouse is a very frequent visitor, I could not satisfy my longing till last summer. .. . . The catching ef these birds, especially in their nest, is very easy and simple: one remembers a not too high hanging nest and when it is growing dark in the evening, you creep gently near and close up the opening of the nest: so has one for certain at once caught a pair, for the ‘itimice always sleep in the nest, even when it is only in a partly finished condition and eggs are not yet deposited. Unfortunately, however, Titmice caught in this way have only a short life in captivity .... all food which I placed before them, fresh ants’ cocoons, mealwormis, all other kinds of insects, as well as kitchen scraps, were dis- dainfully refused. . . . and to save their lives I had to speedily restore them Co libexty-neneneee My failure in this respect I have always attributed to the fact that I did not get the birds at the right time..... It is generally known that late caught birds, and birds caught on the point of breeding are much more difficult to accustom to captivity than those caught wild in spring. I did everything possible to acquire for my Titmice suitable pro- vision according to their needs, but unfortunately I have never succeeded, even with one single pair, to procure them at the right time..... Tit- mouse net, bird lime, everything was in train, the longing for the birds, but they were and still remain unobtainable. .... My patience was put to a severe test and my dream seemed likely a dream to remain, and yet, in spite of all this failure, I am at this moment the happy possessor of five Titmice, splendid and thoroughly good birds, which, in a large cage with Blue, Marsh and Fir Titmice, bustle about merrily and consume their mixed food very agreeably and with apparent pleasure. I am indebted to chance for my birds. . . . but before further description, I should like to say a few words about nests, especially the nest building of the Penduline ‘Titmouse, because I have just made careful observation of this species. No bird has ever excited in so great a measure my astonishment and admiration as these pigmies of the bird world. It seems almost incredible that this tiny, weak little bird should produce alone, with the help of his beak and feet, so artistic and completely woven a nest. ‘The building always begins from the top. . . . two thin willow (osier) or birch branches are wrapped round from the place, where the prong is formed, with long hemp and thread (fibre). . . .in order to make this fast the bird flutters and crawls hither and Bird Notes from Far and Near. 57 thither very cleverly on the pendulous branches, always holding the other end of the thread in his beak, whereby a network arises,—as soon as this is about two fingers wide, the bird entangles two or thiree convenient pendulous branches, each one separately with the nest materials, in order to connect them together at the ends; from this foundation now arises the real cavity, which is formed almost without exception of plant wool (osier wool). Now come the feet of the little architect into play; if the mest has reached about the form of a finches’ nest, one of the birds (so far as I could observe the male) remains continually inside sitting, receiving the material from its mate, who keeps him well supplied; this he places under his body and felts together with beak and feet. ... His movements are very droll, he flings himself about, scrapes with his feet and tugs with his beak, reminding one in his very lively movements of a great Owl bathing in the sand; with the cavity at last finished, the narrow sides are built up and interwoven, both birds take part in this work and the nest assumes the shape of a small basket, which should have a really wide handle. In such nests I have found from two to five eggs, and usually the first egg of the clutch is laid as soon as the back wallis finished. ‘he flying in tunnel or tube is constructed entirely by the male. However, it also happens that the little pair finish the nest mutually and only then commence actual breeding operations. In the course of the five vears my observations cover, I found three nests Which had two flying in tunnels, which were constructed opposite to each other on both sides of the nest. ‘This is evidence that the mates of sucha nest are unfaithful to one another and each on its side is seeking diversion: “that with such immoral ways of living each needs its separate entry” is quite clear, The clutch consists of ten to thirteen eggs, and both birds take part in incubation—both birds pass the night in the nest,—the period of incubation is twelve days and the callow young are assiduously cared for by their parents. Young Titmice remain an astonishingly long time in the nest, never make their appearance before twenty days, and are fed by their parents for a long time afterwards. In the first half of August they assemble together in small flocks, which enliven in a charming manner every tree and bush growing on the shore. In the second half of September not a single one remains. (Miss) F. B. Pacr. {It would be of much interest if some member would supply details f the European distribution of this interesting species.—ED.] NOTES ON BIRDS OF CAPE COLONY (ST. HELENA SEEDEATER X CANARY HYBRID. With reference to an interesting note on a St. Helena Seedeater x Canary Hybrid in the magazine for February, I saw one of these hybrids in Cape Town last January, bred by Mr. J. lempler a keen fancier there. The bird was hardly through the moult, and I am afraid I cannot remember the 58 The Month's Arrivals. colour sufficiently well to describe it, but in shape he closely resembled the one whose photo appears in this month’s 4i7d Noles. He was just com- mencing to sing and I had no difficulty in recognising the notes of the St. Helena Seedeater; the song was remarkably loud and clear. Thad a pair of these Seedeaters build in my aviary in Port Elizabeth a few yearsago. The nest, which was built about the beginning of October was a very neat structure, composed chiefly of fine dry grass and was built in some dry heather fixed at the back of the aviary. As the aviary was very crowded at the time, I removed the pair with their nest to a smaller one, but this quite unsettled them, and the hen, after laying two eggs on the ground, gave up all ideas of nesting, Unfortunately these birds escaped shortly afterwards, so I was unable to give them an opportunity of breeding, under more favourable conditions, the following season. In the Colony they are known by the name of ‘ Geel-saysie,’”’ but are often confused with Serius iclerus. Iu the neighbourhood of Port Eliza- beth they are most plentiful amongst the scrubby bush growing on the sand-hills near the beach. I found a nest early in December last, built in a fork of a low bush about three feet from the ground, close to the sea-shore. I discovered the nest from seeing the birds carrying nesting material in that direction and found that it was not quite completed. H. EH. Buss. The Month's Errivals. Mr, F. C. ‘Thorpe has recent!y imported some Godman Tanagers (Zuphonia godmant). This is one of the races of the well-known Violet Tanager (Zuphonra violacea), and closely resembles it in outward appearance, though it is much smaller. Those recently imported are not quite up to the standard measurements of this species but I think the identification is correct. It may be useful to distinguish between four species of Euphonza which resem- ble one another in colouring. ‘he smallest is the little Dwarf Tanager (Zuphonza minuta)— a very pigmy among Tanagers, a pair of which may be seen in the new Bird-house at the Zoological Gardens ; under tail-coverts white. Next in point of size comes the Godman. A little larger and with wide and heavy mandibles is the Thick-billed Vanager (# anizostris), also to be seen in the Bird-house. Iastly, the common Z. vzolacea, which needs no descrip- tion. Mr, Beebe met with the Godman Vanager in Mexicoand from his charming book (« ‘L'wo Bird-lovers in Mexico’’) I quote the following: ‘‘ Not far from camp were several groves of wide-branching wild fig-trees. These were the grandest trees in this part of Mexico, branching almost from the ground and stretching out their vast mass of foliage on all sides. Some ofthem measure fully ten feet through near the base. Their fruit is devoured by cattle, deer and birds, though in this locality it was not yet ripe......... Here we found the little Godman Euphonia in abundance—four inches of yellow and violet; the male with his bright yellow cap, breast aud under parts, and his mate of asombre greenish. ‘The voice of the Euphonia is out of all proportion to his size—a loud but slow and hesitating phe-tit ! phe-it!?? may add that the note of the Godman appears to me to be identical with that of Z. wrolacea. W.E. T. Post Mortem Reports. 59 The new Bird-protection Act has spread great consternation among the bird-dealers in Germany. One of them wrote to me lately, ‘Of course itis a crazy law, bnt none will dare to break it.”’ It is much more comprehensive than ours, extending from 1st March to 1st October, between which dates no European birds may be caught, sold, oreven advertized for sale. It is quite clear that we shall no longer be able to obtain such birds as Sprossers, Hoopoes, or Blue-throated Warblers from Germany, and this is the more to be regretted because the Germans are especially clever in their treatment of the insectivorous migrants. I have had Sprossers sent me from Germany, which, after a journey of forty-eight hours, were in infinitely better condition than anything I could get in London. ‘rheir method of packing isexcellent, Thetravelling cage hasavery large base and lowsidesso that it cannot beupset. ‘he wired portion over the food tins is uncovered and admits plenty of light. Large earthenware pots for water are provided. ‘Ihe soft food consists of scalded ants’ eggs and maw-seed with dead mealworms well mixed upinit. The London dealer usually sends out birds in a small cage, which is easily upset, wraps it in paper so that the inmates are in total darkness and throws in a handful of live mealworms which promptly make good their escape W.E. T. A relative has recently sent me from the Argentine four Great Tinamous (Riyncofus rufesceus), Which arrived in excellent condition in alarge crate. Two of them had lost a good many feathers from their backs when passing through the Tropics. Thisspecies is as large as a three-parts-grown Pheasant, rufous on the ueck and breast and handsomely barred with black and buffon the wings. I hear they are locally called ‘‘ Martinétas,’’ but the real Martineta Tinamou has a crest. Like the rest of the Tinamous this species is polyandrous, the male performing the entire duties of incubation and rearing the young. Eggs of this species have been several times hatched in this country and attempts have been made to acclimatise it in Essex and Hertfordshire. W.E.'T. Post Mortem Reports. (Vide Rules). For replies by post, a fee of 2/6 must be sent; this regulation will not be broken under any condition. H. W. Mathias and W. R. Temple answered by post. BIUE-WINGED LOVEBIRD. (H. W. Mathias). Cause of death, fatty de- generation of the liver. Wuypan. (H. V. Johnson). Cause of death, pneumonia and fatty de- generation of liver. BULBUL, REDPOLL aud GROSBEAK. (W.E. Teschemaker). Cause of death, in every instance was pneumonia and fatty degeneration of liver. WHITE-EARED CONURE. (Mrs. B.Croysdale). Cause of death inflammation of bowels and fatty degeneration of liver. The sex was a hen. BLACK-HEADED GOULDIAN FINCH (cock). (Dr. J. Easton Scott). Cause of death pneumonia and jaundice. RED-HEADED GOULDIAN FINCH (hen). (Miss Drummond). Cause of death, pneumonia and jaundice. A fairly matured egg was in the oviduct. Cock MADAGASCAR WEAVER. (H.V. Johnson). Cause of death, extensive double pneumonia, 60 Post Mortem Reports. BLACK MADAGASCAR WEAVER. (M. Lock). Cause of death, pneumonia. Your letter is very interesting. Why don’t you publish your ex- perience in 477d Noles, asl am sure it would be appreciated by the readers ? MANY-COLOUR PARRAKEET (len). (Hon. M. C. Hawke). Cause of death, apoplexy. AMAZON (hen). (TIT. R. Hadley). The whole of the ingesta was impregnated with a greenish material, even the seeds being intensely stained all through their substance. I am of opinion the cause of death was poisoning with some copper salt, probably arseniate of copper, but without a chemical analysis I am not certain. There was intense gastro-intestinal inflammation which gave rise to the symptoms you mentioned. BUDGERIGAR (hen). (J. H. Henstock). The cause of death was pneumonia, which has been so prevalent of late not only in birds but also in people. BUDGERIGAR. (Miss Procter). Cause of death, acute inflammation of bowels. SCALY-WING FINCH. (Mrs. Harris). Cause of death, inflammation of lungs and bowels. The longevity of birds would make an interesting theme. Any of the readers who have had birds in their possession many years should record their observations for the benefit of Ornithology. Also articles on the feeding and general mauagement of particular birds would prove instructive to the younger aviculturist. HENRY Gray, M.R.C.V.S. NEW ARRIVALS AT THE ZOO. Just on going to press we learn of two interesting arrivals, which we hope to note more fully in next issue. THE CARTARGENIAN Mornor (Momotus subrufescens). An interesting species, which has not been exhibited at the gardens for many years; it has miaiy interesting habits and traits. It is solitary and also of an indolent demeanour ; the long tail is swung, pendulum-fashion, from side to side and periodically jerked up over the back. The twoceutral tail feathers are much longer than the others, they are perfectly webbed immediately after the moult, but a little later the webs are bitten away by the birds, so that these two feathers become “racket shaped.’?’ THE CUBAN or BLACK-BROWED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes superctliaris). A very rare species, which has not I believe been previously exhibited at the gardens; it is a typical Wood- pecker in form and appearance, and is distinctly larger than our Greater Spotted Woodpecker. Its length over all is 11 inches ; the upper surface is barred black and white, the lower being tawny, with a large patch of crinison on the abdomen, the forehead, hind crown, and nape are crimson (the description is from memory). ‘This species is specially fond of fruit and will take any quantity of live insects. It is located in the Insect House and the former in the Western Aviary. or liti Huth imp LECLANCHE’S OR RAINBOW BUNTING. Cyanospiza leclancheri. ae in the possession of M=*5K. Leslie Miller All rights reserved.| May, Igo9. BIRD NOTES: — THE — JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Declancber or Rainbow Bunting. Cyanospiza leclanchert, By WrEsLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., &c. With two species of this beautiful genus we are well acquainted, viz., the Nonpareil and Indigo Buntings, ezr7s and cyanea ; but to most the species figured on our plate (declanchert), will be considered far more beautiful, even than the gorgeous Non- pareil, more especially so, as it is already evident that the lovely and chaste colouring of declanchert will retain its full beauty in captivity, and not fade as does that of czvts. It is the first living specimen of its kind to reach this country ; it was imported by the well known dealer J. D. Hamlyn, from whom it was purchased by our esteemed member Mrs. K. Leslie Miller, who is to be con- gratulated on the possession of so exquisite and unique an acquisition. Iwas unable to immediately respond to a kind invitation to call and see this rarity, but was enabled to name it for Mrs. Miller from Mr. Miller’s lucid description. I feel really at a loss for superlatives, with which to fittingly describe this lovely bird, without appearing extravagant. So few have ever seen a skin and fewer still have seen it alive, but the latter, at any rate, will fully appreciate my difficulty ; therefore I must merely describe its colouring as dainty, chaste, and exquisitely harmonised, in fact a ‘‘ dream of loveliness.” With this I must leave the reproduction of Mr. Goodchild’s admirable painting and the detailed description to adequately present this bird to my readers. I cannot however pass on without quoting, zz exfenso, from 62 Leclancher or Rainbow Bunting. “Two Bird Lovers in Mexico,” C. W. Beebe’s description of this lovely bird in its native wilds :— “The most beautiful of all the small birds was a Bunting. We “christened him the Rainbow Bunting, but the books call him the ““Leclancher Bunting. ‘hese little finches flitted through the underbrush in “pairs, searching for insects and seeds amoung the leaves or mounting tothe “top of a small bush and giving voice to their joy in a little ditty, the “attempt at which was most to be admired, for the twittering ended in “promise. Their beauty and vivacity evade all description. A photograph “ would convey nothing of their charm. ‘Try to imagine a little feathered ‘““ sprite, less than fiveinchesin length, with acrown of apple-green ; cheeks, “back, wings, and tail of turquoise-blue ; throat and underparts of clear “Jemon-yellow ; with a band of delicate orange across the breast! His “imate who follows him so faithfully and listens to his pitiful song so ‘“admiringly, has the greeus and yellows in softened, indistinct hues. ‘Altogether they are charming little birds, living in a region where their “beauty falls only upon such unappreciative eyes of those of Vultures and “Crows. Common in the Colima lowlands. Rare in the lower barraucas of ““ the volcano.” Prepared as I was by the above description to see a beautiful bird, the reality far exceeded what my imagination had pictured, and Mr. Beebe’s eulogy of this dainty species, is most certainly not exaggerated. From my own limited observations and a few notes, kindly supplied by its owner, I have gathered the following notes, which will briefly indicate its demeanour under the conditions of cage life :— At present it has not attempted anything in the way of song, only indulging in a faint chirp when spoken to. He is very fond of being noticed and inclined to sulk if neglected in this respect, this its owner finds to be characteristic of the Bunting family, under the conditions of cage-life, as the Nonpareil and Pileated Buntings, both of which she at present possesses, exhibit exactly similar features. He occupies a cage 18in. square and 22in. high ; bathes occasionally in his water pot, but so far refuses to take an orthodox bath. His diet consists of canary, white and Indian millet seeds, with about three mealworms a day, given at intervals, and which he is very fond of. Leclancher or Rainbow Bunting. 63 Apparently he is in perfect health and doing well; his plumage has become very tight and silken and the colouring has become much more intense. Beautiful as it is under the conditions of cage life it would be far more so in a garden aviary, where in flight and under the play of sunlight, its full beauty would be revealed, and one can only hope that the advent of this single specimen is but the precursor of many others, that this feast of beauty may be generally enjoyed. DESCRIPTION.—Adult male: Upper surface a combination of tur- quoise—and cobalt-blue, washed greenish on the upper back ; lesser and median coverts rich cobalt-blue ; greater aud primary coverts dusky, with their outer webs bluish-green, the primaries edged with hoary-whitish near the tips, inner secondaries edged yellowish at the tip; tail feathers turquoise-blue, greenish under some couditions of lighting ; crown, delicate apple-green ; lores and a ring round the eves rich golden-yellow ; ear- coverts and sides of neck rich cobalt-blue; cheeks and entire undersurface golden-yellow, washed with intense orange on the throat and breast; beak, upper mandible brownish horn colour, lower mandible pale pinkish-horn colour ; legs and feet pale brownish ; iris rich brown. Length 5 inches, tail 2}. Adult female: Very different from the male, the upper surface is dull olive greenish; rump bright olive-green ; upper tail coverts blue; wings dull olive-green, with the wing-coverts shaded with blue, tail pale blue ; head yeilowish olive-green ; lores, ring round eyes, cheeks and remainder of under surface yellow; ear-coverts dull blue; sides and back of neck greyish-green. ‘Total length 4? inches, tail 2 1-5th. Hapirat. Mexico. Only six skins are in the British Museum collection, 5 ¢ andr ?. Dr. Bowdler Sharpe in the B. M. Cat., Vol. XII., enumerates the following species, of which I give the principal colourative features of the males. cuts: Yhe well-known Nonpareil. Head purplish-blue; upper hack yellow ; lower back and upper tail coverts vermilion ; under surface bright vermilion. cyanea: The well-known Indigo. Upper and under surface bright blue. amena: Upper surface blue, mantle and upper back blackish; median- coverts white; foreneck, chest and sides of breast orange - rufous; sides of body pale orange-rufous ; breast and abdomen white. vosite: Upper surface bright blue; breast vermilion; abdomen and under tail-coverts salmon red. 64 The Birds of India. leclancheri: The Rainbow Bunting. Upper surface turquoise and cobalt blue; crown apple-green ; under surface bright lemon-yellow; throat and breast orange. versicolor (lazulina): Jazuline Bunting. Upper and lower surface mostly purplish-red, with the lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts and lesser wing coverts lilacine; crown vinous-red ; forehead lilac-blue; lores and base of cheeks black; ear coverts, cheeks and eye region lilacine ; tail feathers black edged with blue. Thus, there are yet three other species of which living specimens have not reached this country. Che Birds of Fnodia. By DouGLAs DEWAR, I.C.S. (A Lecture delivered before the Indian Section of the Royal Society of Arts, and reproduced by kind permission of the Author and R.S.A.} From the Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. (Continued from page 48, Vol. VIII.) THE INSUFFICIENCY OF NATURAI, SELECTION, Thus we have seen, living together in one wood, no fewer than six different species of flycatcher, of various sliapes and sizes; in some the sexes are alike, in others they display considerable difference. The feeding habits of all are very similar. All dwell in the same environment. There are, indeed, differences in their various nesting habits, but those of the paradise and fantailed species are identical, so that if the colouring of a bird is solely due to the action of natural selection, these two species should be almost identical in shape, size, and colouration. Obviously, then, natural selection fails here to accomplish all that the neo-Darwinians require it to do. It explains much, but not everything. It is but one of many factors in the making of species. INDIAN ROBINS. The Indian Robins present even greater difficulties to those who pro- fess to pin their faith to the all-sufficieucy of natural selection. Robins are found in nearly all parts of India, and fail into two species, the Brown- backed (Thamnobia cambaiensis) aud the Black-backed Indiau Robin (Zham- nobia fulicata). ‘Sie former occurs only in Northern India, and the latter is confined to the Southern portion of the peninsula. The hen of each species is a sandy brown bird with a patch of brick-red feathers under the tail, so that we cannot tell by merely looking at a hen to which of the two species she belongs. The cock of the South Indian form is, in winter, a glossy black bird, with a white bar in the wing, and the characteristic red patch under the tail. The cock of the northern species, as his mame implies, has a sandy-brown back, which contrasts strongly with the glossy black of his. head, neck, and under parts. In summer the cocks of the two species grow The Birds of India. 65 more like one another owing to the wearing away of the outer edges of their feathers; but it is always possible to distinguish between them ata glance. ‘he two species meet at about the latitude of Bombay. Oates states that in a certain zone, from Ahmednagar to the mouth of the Goda- veri valley, both species occur, and they do not appear to interbreed. It seems impossible to maintain that natural selection, acting on minute variations, has brought about the divergence between these two species. Even if it be asserted that the difference in the colour of the feathers of the back of the two cocks is in some way correlated with adaptability to their particular environment, how are we to explain the fact that in a certain zone both species flourish ? BULBULS. A similar phenomenon is furnished by the Red-vented Bulbuls. This genus falls into several species, each corresponding to a definite locality and differing only in details from the allied species, as, for example, the distance down the neck to which the black of the head extends. ‘There is a Punjab Red-vented Bulbul (J/olpastes intermedius), a Bengal (Molpastes bengalensis), a Burmese (Jolpastes burmanicus), aud a Madras (MJolpastes hemorrhous) species. It does not seem possible to maintain the contention that these various species are the products of natural selection, for that would mean if the black of the head of the Punjab species extended further into the neck the bird could not live in that part of the country. As there seems to be some intercrossing between these so-called species at places, such as Luck- now, where they meet, I am inclined to regard them as local races of a species, rather than as species of a genus. ‘This, however, does not affect the difficulty which they present to Wallace and his school. It is tempting to believe that these slight external differences are in some way Or other produced by the direct action of the climate to which the various forms are subjected. Unfortunately for this hypothesis, there is evideuce which seems to disprove it. For example, the common house- sparrow in India differs from our English sparrows in having white cheeks, but those Indian sparrows which are brought to this country do not lose the white cheek patch as they should do had it been the result of the direct action of the climate in India. THE RED TURTLE DOVE. The Red Turtle Dove (Oenopopelia tranquebarica) is another Indian bird of great interest to the biologist. It is widely distributed over the plains, and undergoes local migration. Its nesting and feeding habits are identical with those of the other doves common in India—the Ring, the Spotted, and the little Brown Dove. But, while in these species the cocks and the hensare alike in external appearance, the Red Turtle Dove displays considerable sexual dimorphism. So great is the difference between the 66 The Birds of India. cock and the hen that they have been mistaken for different species. Thus we have in India, living side by side, four widely distributed species of dove, all having similar habits, and in three of these species the sexes are alike in appearance, while, in the fourth, they display considerable differences. Why this should be so, no neo-Darwinian has attempted to explain. Facts such as these seem to be left severely alone by Weismann and his followers. SO-CALLED MIMICRY. The avifauna of India furnishes zoologists with what some of them, at any rate, are pleased to term a most striking case of mimicry. Among birds and beasts certain species have their doubles. Now, when two species, which are not near blood relations, are alike in appearance, and this like- ness appears to be advantageous to one of the two species, this latter is said, in biological parlance, to mimic the other. Suc! mimicry is, of course, unconscious. It is commonly supposed to have been brought about by natural selection. Now, there is in India, a cuckoo—the Drongo-cuckoo (Surniculus lugubris)—which resembles in appearance the common King- crow (Vicrurus ater.) Further the cuckoo is parasitic on the King-crow. Now, this last is, as we have seen, a very pugnacious bird, especially at the nesting season. It guards its nursery with great ferocity. I have watched a pair of these little birds attack and drive away a monkey which tried to climb into the tree in which their nest was placed. Indeed, so able a fighter is the King-crow that some other birds—notably orioles and doves, which also are very pugnacious, frequently build their nests in the same trees as the King-crow, in order to share the benefit of his prowess. It would be almost impossible to deposit eggs in the nest of a bird so pugnacious as the S58 King-crow without resorting to guile. But the Drongo-cuckoo is as like the King-crow in appearaice as one pea is like another. Both are small glossy black birds with a longish forked tail. Now, zoologists, seeing how the cuckoo profits by this resemblance, declare that it mimics the King- crow, and that this resemblance has been brought about by natural selection. The theory sounds very plausible, but close inspection reveals its weak points. The King-crow is no fool, so that in order that the cuckoo may delude him inte the belief that it is a fellow king-crow the likeness must be fairly close. But the average cuckoo is not in the least like the King-crow in appearance, so that no simall variation in the direction of King- crow appearasice would be of any use to it. Hence this remarkable resem- blance must in the first place have arisen fortuitously, or rather, causes similar to those which effected the nigritude of the King-crow must have made the ancestral Drongo-cuckoo black. But we are as yet more or less in the dark as to what has caused the King-crow to be black, so that we are not in a position to say how it was that this species of cuckoo came to resemble the drongo in appearance. In attempting to account for any characteristic of an organism by The Birds of India. 67 means of natural selection we must be able to explain the utility to the organism of the character in question in its initial stage, and at each sub- sequent stage of its development. It is not sufficient to show that the character in its final and complete stage is of use to its possessor. ‘This is an important point, which biologists, especially neo-Darwinians, frequently seem to forget. The Black-and-yellow Grosbeak (Pycnorhamphus icteroides), a bird common in many parts of the Himalayas, resembles the Black-headed Oriole nearly as closely as the Drongo-cuckoo does the King-crow. But since the Grosbeak does not descend to the plains, and the Black-headed Oriole (Oriolus melanocephalus) does not ascend the hills, neither can possibly derive any benefit from the resemblance, which it should be added, extends only to the cocks. ‘Thus there is here no question of mimicry. Another Indian cuckoo, the famous Brain-fever Bird (Hierococcyx varius), displays a remarkable likeness to the Shikra (Astur badius), a sparrow-hawk yery common in India. ‘his is said to be a case of mimicry, because the cuckoo is supposed to derive profit from the resemblance. The Babblers (Craleropus canorus), which it victimises, are said to mistake it for a Shikra, flee in terror from it, and so give it the opportunity it requires to gain access to their nests. Itis quite likely that the cuckoo does derive benefit from the resemblance. But this is not sufficient to explain a like- ness, which is so faithful as to extend to the marking of each individual feather. When a Babbler espies a hawk-like bird, it does not wait to in- spect each feather before fleeing in terror; hence all that is necessary to the cuckoo is that it should bear a geueral resemblance to the Shikra. The fact that the likeness extends to minute details in feather marking points to the fact that im each case identical causes have operated to produce this type of plumage. WALLACEISM. It is thus obvious that the problem of evolution is far more complex than Wallace and Weismann would have us believe. Since their doctrine is widely accepted in England to-day, and is inculeated by Professor Poulton at Oxford, I have, in touching upon the study of the birds of India in its scientific aspect, thouglit fit to bring together a few facts which seemed to show that the Neo-Darwinism is untenable. I would add that I went out to India imbued with the teaching of Wallace, and have abandoned it with reluctance, owing to the many facts opposed to it that have forced them- selves upon my notice in that country. Iam not attacking the doctrine of natural selection, for I believe that selection is an important factor in the genesis of species. It is to the views of Wallace and Weismann, who have out-Darwined Darwin, that I ai compelled to take exception. It seems to me that Dr. Wallace preaches, not Darwinism, but Wallaceism, which is a very different thing. (Zo be continued.) 68 An Easter Vistt to Members Aviaries. Hn Waster Wisit to Adembers’ Hvyiaries. By WESLEY I. PAGE, F:Z.S. As asort of preface, I may be permitted to say that my visits com- menced at Stubbington, where I spent three-and-a-half days, aud had quite an interesting time among our British birds, which were very numerous in this locality, especially the Iark, as indicated in last issue. On the Monday I weut over to the Isle of Wight, spending two days there before returning to London. Without further preface I will now proceed to describe our Members’ Aviaries, taking them in the order of my visits, illustrating my notes with plotos and plans of same. % * % Mr. MA'THIAS’S AVIARIES: ‘These have already been described in this Journal (Vol. VI1.) and it will suffice to say that the flight of the Finch Aviary has been extended to 18}ft. by oft. part of which is planted with conifers, bainboos, etc., and to refer my readers to the plate of lis latest aviary, a handsome structure, of which the illustration gives such clear details that further description is not called for, save perhaps to say that, owing to the locality being a very breezy one, an arrangement of hinged franies of light wood, glass and roofing felt, so that either side or both can be closed according to the direction of the wind. This aviary should prove = 4) 0) G0) oacdine! Saecowe CO Retliag — fr Es f 5 1 5 ' o a 3 $ Roof boarded ! ‘ 2 ‘ | of ie} ' 3 Lo 4 a oI 7 i o 4 0 Fo 5 netting 2 g eis. Pete. [es | j 3 3 | ' \ _c aie ——_ Keneeors —— eM Cen GROUND PLAN. most successful as it is well arranged and gives the birds privacy, shelter, and yet an abundance of light and air. It contains three pairs Black- cheeked Lovebirds, pairs of Green and Yellow Budgerigars, Stanley, Pas- serine and Many-colour Parrakeets, Saffron Finches and Diamond Doves. In the Finch Aviary are Long- and Rufous-tailed Grassfinches, Crim- son Finches; Orange-cheek and Zebra Waxbills, Common Avadavats, Saffron Finches, Diamond Doves, Canaries (with voung), ete. The Budgerigar Aviary contained about six pairs, most of which were engaged in incubation, and were certainly a healthy and well-feathered 69 Mathiass Aviaries. Mr. ‘XIVIAY 4891] SBITIVW IW ee wwe NYE.2 0 = enn cS rarer a Fd SO oe lligmere cesses ore | Salon ae NN vas gene at | GARI = TREAT itis HN: NN ie Sil : WW PAN Wh 4) 1 BARW ‘ j CESAR i M4 IKK IX RRA RRA | , ASTER al Mn % Ms Ky PSSA KAP ARRDD WW he PPM PRPS x | PNAC . | KDA E j [| IX US we lg : — WY XAOS y aie TVS XX aes es k S Ut te m5 SS Wy wie | 4% : spree —————— 2a PE ELT esky wary Ae aa Y } by 70 An Easter Visit to Members’ Aviaries. stock. Last year was Mr. Mathias’s first year in Foreign Bird keeping, and he was very successful in breeding Grassfinches and four Crimson Finches, and with his increased accommodation should have equal if not greater success this coming season. He has the neuclus of au interesting series. My stay with him was particularly enjoyable and varied, for I had not merely avicultural and ornithological, but floral fare as well. Mr. Matthias being an enthusiastic cultivator of the winter-flowering or perpetual carna- tions, and also a noted exhibiter as well, having recently taken Gold Medals. at the Horticultural Hall on March 24th last, also at other similar exhibi- tions. I trust I may be pardoned this digression, but the flower is an old favourite of mine, and in the past I have been a small grower of the same, possessing sufficient knowledge to appreciate the lovely blooms displayed, though my visit was in what may be termed the offseason. The Gardener's Magazine ave honoured Mr. Mathias by publishing his portrait and short biograpliy, speaking of him as an exauiple of an amateur rising to the front rank of professionalism, and admirers of these grand flowers might do worse than send for his catalogue. I have already alluded to the ornithological treat I had among our native birds, such a treat as I have not enjoyed for several years, and must now, without further digression, pass on to a few notes of my second visit. Mr. LEwIs’s AVIARIES: The aviaries here are not indi- vidually of large size, but numerous, well planned and very practical; consisting, as will be seen from the accompanying plates, of shelter, covered and open flights, the latter portion being turfed and containing one or more growing shrubs. Mr. Lewis has found the handsome evergreen conifer Cupressus floribunda, not only a quick grower, but also to supply admirable cover for the birds, while adding materially to the general effect. The fittings and general arrangements are also good and well arranged, both so as to be readily accessible for the renewal of supplies and their contents not easily fouled by the birds. With the environment of a large country garden, the aviaries are not merely interesting but also very effective in appearance, especially the smaller aviaries, Nos. 1, 2 and 3. ‘The kindly courtesy and hospitality of Mr. and Miss Lewis made my visit a most enjoyable one, which, with avicultural gossip, viewing the aviaries and birds, made the time pass all too rapidly, and my visit very en- joyable and interesting. Aviary No. 1. The numbering of the aviaries coincides with the numbers placed on photographic reproductions, there- Briveal Who wes. Photo by Mrs. Lewts. Mr. Lewis's: Aviaries, Nos. 4.) 5) 6,°7 and &. “SZah e) TS 49 0404 WOAOINE JDL Wl ‘ON Al®BI AW $,SIMa’] 4W Bird Notes. Mr. Lewis’s Aviaries Nos. 1 and 2. ‘smoOOtpsalg S$,PLOJLLEM AW ‘profziia *H “9 40% e zs a ‘SOION p1ilg Mr. Lewis's Aviaries. 7 fore descriptions of the various aviaries will be unnecessary; the illustrations, with my opening remarks being self explanatory. This aviary is 18 ft. long, 4} ft. deep and 6 ft. high, and contains 1 pair Cockateels (Ca/opsittacus nove-hollandi@) and 2 pairs each Green Budgerigars (JJelopsittacus undulatus) and Madagascar Lovebirds (Agapornis cana), All being in the best of condition and giving indications of early broods. Aviary No. 2, 15ft. x 8ft. x 6ft.: Containing an interesting series of well known birds, all looking very fit and tight and sleek in plumage :— 4 Saffron Finches (Sycalis flaveola). Zebra m1 (Teniopygia castanotis). Ribbon p (Amadina fasciata). Pekin Robins (Lio¢hrix luteus). Pintail Whydahs (Vidua principalis). Paradise Whydahs (Stegunura paradisea). nN Red-headed Finches (Amadina erythrocephala), White Javas with young (Munia oryzivora var. alba). Be NHN N KY NN HN OW Tricolour Mannikins (Junta malacca), 2 Bronzewing i (Spermestes cucullata). 4 Avadavats (Sporeginthus amandava). 2 Cordon Bleus (Zstrilda phenicotis). 4 Bengalese (Uroloncha domestica). Pair Bramblefinches (Fr7zgilla montifringilla). $ Pintail Nonpareil (Zrythrura prasina). 3 Peaceful Doves (Geopelia tranquill). Pair Chinese Painted Quail (Zxcalfactoria chinensis). Quite an attractive crowd of the, so-called, common species; all looked very fit and should breed. The variety of form and colouring of such a series as the above makes an interesting and pleasing spectacle, especially when seen amid semi-natural sur- roundings; yet all are well known species and do not call for individual description in these notes. Aviary No. 3, 13ft. x 12ft. x 6ft.: A well arranged and handsome aviary (see plaée), with admirable shelter, a good portion of turf and a well grown bush of Cupressus floribunda, very dense and forming good cover, among which some of its interesting occupants should breed. Here were gathered together pairs of: Black-headed Gouldian Finches (Pephila gouldit). Crimson Finch (Meochmia phaeton). 72 An Easter Visit to Members’ Aviaries. Parrot Finches (Z7ythrura psittacea). Long-tail Grassfinches (Poephila acuticauda), Rufous-tail 3 (Bathilda ruficauda). Pectoral Finches (Muna pectoralts). Red-headed Lovebirds (Agapornis pullaria). Blue-winged es (Psittacula passerina). Diamond Doves (Geopelia cuneata). Harlequin Quail (Cotwrntx delegurguet). Another series giving a very fine spectacular effect, the beautiful plumage being admirably shown off against the green foliage. I shall expect to hear of breeding results from this series. Aviary No. 4: Contained a fine series of Yellow Fantail Pigeons, which are outside the scope of these notes. Aviary No. 5, 20 ft. x 1o ft. x 6 ft.: Containing three very fine Senegal Parrots (Pwocephalus senegalus), and an exceptionally fine pair of Golden Crowned Conures (Conurus aureus), living together in perfect amity. Most certainly outdoor life suits these species as their fine condition abundantly testified. Aviary No. 6, 16 ft. x 8 ft. x 9 ft.: Here were on view three Triangular Spotted Pigeons (Columba guinea), brought by Mr. Lewis’s son from Nigeria (six or seven hundred miles from the coast) early in 1908. ‘These birds are of very great interest, and though they have had to face the blizzards and severe weather of March, were in exquisite plumage and are certainly very handsome. This species ranges over Western Africa, Cen- tral Africa and extends up to Abyssinia, Sennaar and Kordofan. The general body colour is ashy-grey ; the neck is vinous- red,with the tips of the feathers bifid and hoary, glossed greenish ; the back and wings are mostly vinous-chestnut, the wings thickly spotted with pure white triangular spots; the tail is grey with a good portion of white on the outer webs; beak, blackish horn colour ; feet red; bare skin round eye, intense red. During the small time I was in the aviary, close observation was not easy, as though not wild, they were on the move most of the time, but I am of the opinion they are two males and one female. This species has successfully reared young on several occasions at the London Zoological Gardens. ‘This aviary also contained very fine pairs of Brush Bronze-wing Pigeons and Mr. Lewis's Aviaries. 73 Plumed Ground Doves, which from their fine condition should breed this season. Having been out of doors all through the past trying winter, the latter species can no longer be accounted either fragile or delicate. Aviary No. 7, 16 ft. x 12 ft. x 6ft.: This aviary contained | pairs of Red-crested and Green Cardinals, and odd males of Grenadier, Madagascar, Napoleon, and Half-masked Weavers, also a Red-shouldered Whydah. Most of my readers are well acquainted with these birds, and the Weavers when in nuptial plumage would make a grand display indeed, both these and the Whydahs having ample space for exercise, and they exhibit their full beauty under such conditions. Aviary No. 8, 14 ft. x 13 ft. x 6ft. This aviary is one of a series of eight which traverse the entire length of one side of the garden ; and, in spite of an easterly aspect, all the occupants appeared to be very fit and comfortable. Each aviary supplies ample shelter and nesting accommodation for their respective occupants without their crowding on one another’s preserves. Living together in amity were the following species :— Pair Many-Coloured Parrakeets (Psephotus multicolor). Pair Blossom-headed z (Pale@ornis cyanocephala). 2 pairs Black-cheeked Lovebirds (Agapornis nigrigenis). 2 pairs Yellow Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). These all appeared very fit, if alertness, tight and silken plumage, count for anything at all, and they certainly should breed. I have never seen finer specimens than the pair of Blossom-heads, their deep and rich colouring and lovely bloom over the whole plumage I have never seen surpassed; during my visit the weather was rather dull and cloudy, and they would appear more beautiful still under better weather conditions and bright sun- shine. Aviaries Nos. 9, ro and 11, each 20 ft. x 12 ft. x 6ft: Con- tained Silver, Gold, and Amherst Pheasants respectively. These birds, especially the Silver, were very rich in hue, the colours being very pure and the markings and pencilling very clear— they were a feast of beauty they breed annually. Mr. Lewis’s losses have been very few, it could not very well be otherwise considering the accommodation they enjoy 74 An Easter Visit to Members’ Aviaries. and the attention they receive, and also the pure air which they breathe. The small birds are fed on canary, white, brown and spray millet, green food, and mealworms regularly, for such as will take them, with soft food when they have young to feed. The larger species get mixed corn and seed and the Parrot tribe fruit as well. Mr. Lewis is to be congratulated on his interesting series of birds, which are seen to good advantage in his practical and well kept aviaries. Mr. WILLFORD’S AVIARIES: These have been already des- cribed to some extent in the previous Volume, but their extent has been but faintly indicated. The large area under wire might fairly and without exaggeration be termed a Bird Paradise; their natural condition, turfed and planted with evergreen and deciduous shrubs, creepers, etc., that their fortunate occupants practically enjoy natural conditions and the breeding results should be very large. In fact, while walking through the aviaries I noticed that nearly all the evergreen bushes had been used for nesting sites, and in several instances they had already got as far as eggs. A few days ago I received a card from Mr. Willford, “All my Australian finches are nesting”; and, after seeing the arrangements, the statement did not occasion me any surprise. It will be seen from the accompanying ground plan, that the aviaries succeed one another, having intercommunication, as well as separate entrances from the exterior. THE BIRDROOMS: Of these there are two, the birdroom proper (vide plate) is well arranged and fitted, many of the flights being sufficiently large for breeding purposes, and the smallest cages gave ample space for exercise. Light, ventilation, ete. appeared to be as near perfect as anything of the kind I have yet seen. A radiator large enough to keep up an even temperature during severe weather occupied a fairly central position. A glazed sink with water laid on completed the arrangements. The second room is a converted stable on the ground floor, with three tiers of roomy cages, standing on stages, round three of its walls. ‘WTI SOIVIAR JO JY SIOZ s ‘sate aAljoadsar at} 0} sv ‘ajyeuolziodoid Airey ynq ‘ayvos 0} Jou st ueTd dAoqe ayy, "AIVIAV IO JINSO[OUD YOV UL SpaysS 1d}]aYS oY} JUssaidai svaie papeys oy ‘YQ x ‘gi ‘xoidde zf pue 1€ ‘of $ ‘yz x *yS1 ‘xoidde 9z a ‘sends jjz1 xowddvi6e pur gc. le ve Sate oc eitd1 or “Sr “cr ‘11 “9 *Z sg RS ‘aienbs *yj0$ -xoidde $ s < ‘aienbs ‘yySz ‘xoidde Sz pue zz ‘61 ‘6 ‘P “e N ‘YQ x *ySe “xoidde € pure z ‘I sarielay S = ‘SHIUVIAV S,QYOATIIM ‘AN NVId GNAOUD S Ol oman i .\ (VY YW: aa 7 76 An Easter Visit to Members’ Aviaries. THE BIRDROOM PROPER OR UPPER BIRDROOM contained the following, taken in the order of a walk round, from left to right. The first flight, about 6 ft, 2 isefiteaomties contained a pair of Purple-capped Lories (Lorius domicella), in lovely colour and con- dition, and from the appearance of the hen she was evidently a) D Oni Om anya lee Willford has been UPPER BIRDROOM. very fortunate in hav- A. Flights. B. Sink. C. Gangway. ing some old fruit D. Radiator. trees, which had been grubbed out because they were exhausted; all these trunks had rotten cores and have supplied admirable material for natural nest logs, and each Parra- keet flight and aviary is well equipped with these. The next flight of similar size contaned a pair of Many-Coloured Parrakeets (Psephotus multicolor), fast coming into beautiful colour and con- dition. Now succeed more than adozen flights about 3 ft. square by about the same height, containing: pair Ariel Toucans, look- ing very fine and handsome in their contrasting and brilliant plumage; @ King Parrakeet (Apvosmictus cyanopygius), very beautiful ; one pair very brilliant Stanley Parrakeet (Platycercus icterotis), this is not merely a beautiful species, but for the avicul- turist one of the most interesting of the Platycerci ; one pair Brown’s Parrakeets (P. brvownz), very uncommon and a very handsome Broadtail, Mr. Willford is to be congratulated on the possession of so rare a species; two immature Crimson-winged Parrakeets (Psitles erythroplerus) ; abouta score of Bengalese and one very fine Lavender Finch; one pair Black-cheeked Lovebirds (Agapornis nigrigents) with young; 1 pair Blue-bonnet Parrakeets (Psephotus hematorhous) very beautiful; pairs each of Rosella (P. eximus) and Pennant’s Parrakeets (P. elegans) very rich in Mr. Willford’s Aviaries. 77 colour, will probably breed as soon as they are put out. In slightly smaller flights, about 2 ft. square and of similar height, were pairs of Ring-necked Parrakeets (Palwornts torguata), have never seen finer birds than this pair, either for colour or tight and silken plumage; Blue Mountain Lorikeets (77ichoglossus nove-hollandie), 2 Many-Colour, Olive Finch (¢), Scarlet Car- dinal (¢) and a pair of Quail Finches. In the LowkER BrrpDRooM the numerous flight cages contained, among others, the following:—Mealy Rosellas (P. pallidiceps), Rock-Pebbler Parrakeets (Polytelis melanura), very uncommon ; Red-headed, Olive Cuba, Parrot, Green Singing, Grey Singing, Spice, Saffron, Zebra, Ribbon, and White-throated Finches ; White-headed and Bronze-wing Mannikins ; Chopi and Mexican Glossy Starlings; Black Tanager, ¢ Dhyal Bird, Rufous- necked, Red-billed and Russ’s Weavers, Silky Cowbirds; Red- vented Bulbuls and Grey Java Sparrows ; all looking very fit and will show to much better advantage when turned out into the open, as soon as the respective enclosures are properly furnished for them. I have done but poor justice to these two rooms and their inmates, but these notes would be altogether too lengthy had I permitted myself to describe only the more uncommon species. We shall, however, hope during the season to get notes from Mr. Willford’s pen of many of the species so briefly passed in review above. Many of the outdoor aviaries numbered in ground plan are as yet unoccupied ; as soon as their planting and furnishings are complete and the weather fairly settled many of the species noted as occupants of the birdrooms will be turned out to the enjoyment of semi-liberty amid natural surroundings. Aviary No. 1: contained one of the finest pairs of Yellow- naped (Twenty-eight) Parrakeets I have seen; these should certainly breed. Aviary No. 2: Two pairs of Cockateels and a pair of Madagascar Lovebirds; one pair of the Cockateels were incu- bating and the others had young. Aviary No. 4: Crested Pigeons (Ocyphaps lophotes) had constructed a really artistic nest in a laurel bush and were in- cubating. Zebra Finches also had nests. 78 An Easter Visit to Members Aviaries. Aviary No. 5: This is really a grand enclosure, containing a large shelter shed, a large rustic summer-house and a fountain, the whole area is turfed and planted with laurels, conifers, spruce, while creepers adorn the standards supporting the wire-netting. Here were gathered a fine series of birds, very many of which were on nesting intent. I noticed Peaceful, Aurita, Passerine, Diamond and Dwarf Turtle Doves; Crimson and Green Car- dinals ; Green Singing finches; Waxbills in variety ; Combassous ; Spermophilee ; White-cheeked and Curl-crested Bulbuls, Saffron Finches, Black-headed Buntings, Chinese Painted Quails and many others. Most of the numerous bushes contained nests. Aviary No. 6: Here I noted Pileated Finches; Curl-crested Bulbuls; Aurora, Crimson, Pectoral and Red-headed Finches ;. Ruficauda and Long-tailed Grassfinches and a very interesting pair of Cuban Quails. All in the very best of health and most on nesting bent. Aviary No. 7: This contained a crowd of healthy and well feathered Green Budgerigars. Aviary No. 8: Given up to a pair of Stanley Parrakeets (Platycercus icterotis). Ihave never seen the brilliant scarlet of the male surpassed, it caught the eye on every side as the bird flitted to and fro in a very abandon of joyousness. Aviary No. 23: Devoted to a very fine pair of Red-rumps. —engaged in incubation. Aviary No. 24: Occupied by a crowd of richly coloured and well feathered Yellow Budgerigars. Aviary No. 25: Another very interesting group, consisting of pairs of: Chinese Spectacle Thrushes with nest; Red-crested Cardinals; Pelzeln’s Saffron Finches; Cinnamon Sparrows ; Ruddy-shouldered Troupials, Aurita Doves and White Java Sparrows. Aviary No. 26: An apparently very happy crowd, many of them singing the nuptial song, some already with nests and eggs. Masked Grassfinches; Pope Cardinals; Ringed, Striated and Cherry Finches; Cordon Bleus; Plumed Ground Doves (Lopho- phaps plumifera) and Green Singing Finches; the latter with nest and eggs. Book Notices and Reviews. 79 I trust the foregoing account of three of our members’ aviaries, though taking largely catalogue form, will not have wearied my readers. If they only give a tithe of the interest I enjoyed while gathering mental and written notes, they will not have been penned in vain. Just on completing the above a note comes to hand from Mr. Willford, giving a list of such of his birds as have already nests or nests and eggs. I quotesame without reference to what I have already written. Red-headed Finches, Pectoral Quails and Cockateels, all have young, while Gouldian Finches, Long-tail Grassfinches, Diamond Sparrows, Green Cardinals, Redrump and Stanley Parrakeets are all busy incubating. The first lot of Green Singing Finches’ eggs ‘“‘came to grief,” but they have domed their nest and are sitting again. Mr. Willford has promised nesting notes for a near, probably next, issue, which should contain many interesting details, and I trust he will also amplify and correct where necessary the very disconnected account of his aviaries given herewith, and I hope Messrs. Mathias and Lewis will do the same. Book Wotices and Reviews. THE BIRDS OF ‘THE BRITISH ISLANDS. By Charles Stonham, C.M.G., F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., with illustrations by L. M. Medland, F.Z.S. Parts IX., X., XII. and XIII. Royal Quarto. Grant Richards. The excellence of the earlier numbers of this beautiful work is even more than maintained in the parts under review. Mr. Stonham is an ornithologist of the painstaking type that leaves nothing of material interest untouched: his personal acquaintance with our British Birds might well be envied by the best of us; and moreover the pages of his classic give overwhelming evidence of his industrious research. Part IX. deals with our three Harriers, the Buzzards, the Golden and Sea Eagles, the Goshawk and Sparrow-hawk, the Kite, the Honey-Buzzard (Pernis apivorus), and the Greenland and Peregrine Falcons. In connection with the Marsh Harrier the interesting fact is noted that while the hen is incubating, the male bird feeds her by dropping food to her while he hovers in the air. Montagu’s Harrier has, it appears, a somewhat similar habit. When the male brings food the female rises to meet him, and catches the food in the air as he drops it, returning at once to her nest to satisfy her hunger. 80 Book Notices and Reviews. Miss Medland is as much at home in depicting the saturnine majesty of the Accipitres as she was with the silky gracefulness of the Warblers, and when we come to her drawings of the Hobby and Kestrel in PART X. we have a still further exposition of her powers of discrimination between the expressions of different birds of even the same genus. ‘The writer in his younger days has kept several specimens of both these birds in captivity, aud, on seeing the talented artist’s portraiture of them, well recalls the benevolent peusiveness of the Hobby as contrasted with the grim sternness of the Kestrel. After the Phalacrocoracide and Sulide, represented respectively by the Cormorant and Shag and the Gannet, we come to the Ardeide, among which we note an article on the Purple Heron, accompanied by a figure of the bird, thus evidencing the catholicity of our Author, which is even more emphatically shewn by notices and plates of the White Stork and Glossy Ibis, both of these being only occasional migrants to our shores. Part XI. has unfortunately not come to hand, so no notice of it can be given. Part XII. is particularly interesting to both the purely field naturalist and the peculiar compound so often met with as half naturalist and half gunner, in as much as it deals with about a dozen of the Anatide, beginning with the Ferruginous Duck and ending with the Smew. One of these birds, the Tufted Duck (Fuligula cristata), affords a remarkable instance of the changes that may occur in a bird’s habits and range. We all know—unfortunately—of those changes which take the form of nearly total extinction of a species, videlicel the Dartford Warbler and the Raven, but in this case itis the other way about. Whereas this duck was only first recognised as breeding on the lake at Port Hall, Nottinghamshire, some sixty or seventy vears ago, as many as forty pairs nested on this lake alone in 1906, and itis now found to breed in at least eleven other counties in England, besides being very commonly distributed in both Ireland and Scotland, where also it is increasing in numbers. The illustrations in this part are particularly pleasing. The duck on water, as we usually see it portrayed, is oly too often a beautifully modelled piece of wood. Miss Medland’s ducks are alive. In this number, which by the way closes VOLUME III., is published a provisional list of subscribers. These so far reach the goodly number of close on nine hundred, a result which shows how a really good book is appreciated, in spite of its not being issued at a popular price and advertized in the approved manner of the Zzes newspaper. Par’ XIII. opens with the Columbidae, a family which, as may be readily imagined, especially lends itself to the seductions of our artist’s brush. But she may fairly be said to have surpassed herself with the Sand Grouse, perhaps the most difficult bird in all creation of which to makea picture, which shall at the same time be absolutely true to nature and yet Editorial. 8I artistic. Following this bird come the Capercaillie, Black Grouse, Red Grouse, Ptarmigan, Pheasant, Partridge, French Partridge and Quail. Each and all of these birds are treated with Mr. Stonham’s usual carefulness and attention to detail, while the boldness and beauty of their presentments make for the opinion that each part of this valuable work exceeds its predecessor in interest. Editorial. A GROUP OF INTERESTING ACQUISITIONS: Our esteemed member Mr. O. Millsum has added to his already fine and large series of birds the following species, and to make the note of general interest I have added a few notes as to wild life, ete. BLUE-WINGED Siva (Siva cyanuroplera): It is now quite a number of years ago since I first noticed the pair of this species which my esteemed friend Mr. E. W. Harper presented to the Zoo. This pair were the first living specimens exhibited in this country ; beautiful as this species is the numbers which have since reached our shores could be counted on the fingers of one hand, which is a distinct loss to aviculture, as it is a most desirable species—beautiful, tame, and having the engaging Babbler habits or rather demeanour. Jerdon calls this the Blue- winged Hill Tit. It is ruddy fawn on the upper parts, light grey underneath ; top of head blue streaked with grey ; the larger wing feathers are blue, edged and tipped with white; tail mostly blue with white tips; beak horn grey, brownish at the base. Total length 6 inches, tail 23 inches. It is found in the Himalayas at an altitude of from 3000 to 6000 feet, and should do well in this country as they have to contend with a similar temperature. SILVER-EARED MEsIA (Mesia argentauris): This also was first introduced to this country by Mr. Harper, and I noticed it at the same time as the preceding species, and then described it asa ‘glorified Liothrix” and this term about meets the case. It is a bold, handsome and enduring species if properly treated. The silvery ear-coverts are lovely indeed, the colour areas, ex- cept for the head are very similar to those of the Pekin Robin, but the hues are more intense. So far they have not been bred 82 fedttorial. in this country, though two abortive attempts have been made at the London Zoo, the young being partly reared in each instance. It is found at a lower elevation than the Siva and needs more careful “ hardening off?’ Mr. E. W. Harper while in India kept Sivas, Mesias, Yellow-eyed Babblers, Sibias, and Common Babb- lers all in the same enclosure, so that in a suitable sized and constructed aviary these should agree well together, but they would require space in the breeding season. BLUE WHISTLING THRUSH (J/yiophoneus temmincki) : This is a truly grand species in its azure plumage for those who can give it roomy accommodation to display its beauties and sing its glorious song. Once over the hardships of the voyage to this country it is not difficult to keep fit (vide notes Vol. VII. of this journal.) ORANGE-HEADED THRUSH (Geocichla citrina) : This is not only a grand songster but a beautiful and really very desirable bird in every way. The upper surface is greenish-blue, while the head and undersurface is of a soft orange colour. When he is standing erect, as I saw him only a day or two ago at the Zoo pouring out his rich, full notes, he is a handsome fellow indeed and a centre of attraction in any series. Mr. Millsum is indeed to be congratulated on such lovely acquisitions, and it is hoped he will be able to arrange such quarters for the true pairs as will give them a reasonable chance to reproduce their kind. * * * NESTING NOTES: Very few of these have come to hand so far; those from Mr. Willford, who has certainly made a good beginning and appears likely to enjoy a very successful avicul- tural season (see end of ‘‘ Easter Trips, etc.”). My pair of Grey- winged Ouzels have been very busy, they have discarded the nest which I described in March issue, and have built a second nest, inside a parrakeet nest box, and now (May 3rd) have three eges, of which I have only had the merest glimpse; these appear to be greyish-green in colour, thickly speckled and blotched with ruddy-brown. ‘The hen is sitting closely, only leaving the nest at mealworm time. Diamond Doves are incubating, as also are the small S. American Ground Doves (Chambelia grisea), All Bird Notes from Far and Near. 83 these three instances show how readily most species adapt them- selves to a strange environment. In the natural aviaries of my esteemed friend Mr. Teschemaker, they refuse to avail themselves of any nesting receptacle, but build in the trees and shrubs; I noticed this was also the case in Mr. Willford’s aviaries, yet in ily aviaries where trees and shrubs are not available, after one or two experiments they have learned that to build in the branches is only to court failure, and for two seasons the Diamond Doves have nested in boxes and logs with large front openings. C. grisea, though only bred in Mr. Teschemaker’s natural aviaries last season, have availed themselves at once of a small square box, the front of which is almost entirely open. Mr. Teschemaker has had some very early nesting attempts, but, owing to the blizzards and severe weather, none of these have come to anything. Most of the birds are now, however, making their second attempt, and we shall hope to hear of many successes. in our next issue. * * % ERRATA: Two vexatious printer’s errors have crept into last issue, page 54, line 6, “ This bird is yellow,” should read The beak is yellow; page 60, New Arrivals at the Zoo, line 3, ‘‘ The Cartagenian Motnot” should read The Cartegenian Motmot. Bird Wotes from Far and Wear. A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAN AVIARY. In “ Bird Lore,” July and August, 1907, appears a very interesting account by H. L. Sefton, of the aviary of J. W. Sefton, San Diego, California ; the article is illustrated with three excellent photographic repro- ductions showing the aviary aud also its inmates, as well as illustrating the beauty of its semi-tropical surroundings. From this account I have compiled the following, which I am sure will interest many readers, as indicating the methods and experience of a Californian aviculturist. The aviary has a floor area 20 ft. by 4o ft., it is entirely open, save for the west and north end and a strip of roofing about 12 ft. wide, which runs the whole length of the building. The flight is constructed of framing and one-fourth inch square 84. Bird Notes from Far and Near. mesh wire netting ; a wire partition runs through the centre, separating the small birds from their larger kin. The arrange- ments and fittings appear to be as perfect as possible—pools of running water—low growing shrubs—swings and perches of every kind... By importing and other means, a large, varied and interesting series have been gathered together. The writer states: We have raised birds which the books say never bred in captivity; how? By anticipating their wants and giving them as near as possible a natural environment... Thus, some never carry twigs, therefore they don’t build nests. For those we supply trunks of trees cut in sections and hollowed out... We have reared hundreds of Grass Parrakeets. .. Rose Cockatoos have bred and reared a brood of five, which have since been followed by others. . . Cockateels are handsome grey birds and very prolific. We have also the brilliant King Parrot, a peace- able, elegant bird, the mischievous, gorgeously coloured Lory, with his acrobatic stunts ; the Pink-crested Cockaoto and other varieties. .. Among the larger birds we have Bronze, Crested and Bleeding-heart Pigeons. . . Of Doves we have the rare and beautiful Blue-eyed Zebra of Australia and the Pink-eyed Pekin of China, the latter is the smallest Dove known, being only about the size of a Norwich Canary, but having a longer tail. The Finches are a study in themselves. We have the Strawberry, Black-throats, and others too numerous to mention. The Black-throats* have bred, they fill a box with wild dried grass and build nest at one end, the eggs are usually four in number, the young stay in the nest until fully feathered, and never return to the nest after their first flight. “A friend said I see you have a Brazilian Cardinal ; does hesing ? I told him the bird was apparently dumb. Strange! he said. Why in their native home they are wonderful singers. . . then occurred a remarkable thing. The man, whispering to me to watch the bird, drew close to the wire, uttering a low, peculiar whistle. Instantly the Cardinal seemed to awaken, his crest lifted, he seemed to be whistling; then, as the whistle con- tinued, he answered sharply, eagerly, flew over to a perch by the side of the wire from whence came the whistle, and broke forth *? Bib-finches. W.T.P. Bird Notes from Far and Near. 85 into a perfect torrent of melody.” ... This occurred often during the traveller’s visits, but when these ceased the bird became silent again and in a few months died. The Redbird or Cardinal is remarkably handsome, but of a very jealous disposition. .. Two pairs cannot be kept in the same enclosure... The male is a fine songster, he is a Caruso. .. They build fine nests, lay eggs and hatch their young, but never raise them. “One can learn much from the study of birds. ‘They teach us virtue, generosity, kindness, gratitude—all those things that go to make living worth while. Many would glance at those birds, perhaps see nothing in them and pass on; others would be attracted by their plumage, by their song, by the beautiful whole of the great cage, with its topical setting fitted with life and song ; but the student, he who sits and watches and studies can learn much.” The birds do not, except on rare occasions, hybridise. Each stays by his or her mate, each bearing their share of the burden and responsibility of the family... They are generous to the stranger that alights on the wire... Surely it shows kindness to feed a nestful of half-starved babies they ever saw before, and I have seen that done; four young Linnets, half grown, some cruel boys had taken from their nest and left on the side walk to die, not knowing what to do with them I put them in the aviary and wanted to see what would happen. .. The young birds called and down came a [Linnet and examined them and flew to the food tray, ate greedily, and then fed those young birds till they were satisfied. . . They were reared to maturity. . . Could there be greater kindness than this ? *“ With over6o0o0 birds to feed, the question of proper food is no small one. We mix in large bins, built for the purpose, our own seeds, buying direct from the importers and accepting only clean, bright seed. We use mostly canary and millet, with a little hemp in winter (which is very fattening), some sunflower seed, wheat and cracked corn. We have little rustic tables on which twice a day the seed is placed, and each bird takes what best suits his fancy. We always have cuttlebone and crushed shell scattered about, aud once a week a little plate of raw ground beef is put on each side ; those that need the meat eat it, others leave it alone.” “Our family, large as it is, is a happy one; there is little or no quarrelling, for there is plenty of food and room for all,—only at eventide - . they scold a little... one unmindful of the rights of others, has chosen the limb or corner that belongs to someone else, and for a few 86 The Month's Arrivals. moments there is discord—for each bird has his or her sleeping place—but gradually there steals a silence, and as the night shadows creep softly, from out of the west comes a crescent moon, that, peeping down shyly through the branches of the camphor tree, sees only the great cage with no signs of life within.” ; The foregoing is only the briefest abstract from a most interesting article, which amply illustrates, that given plenty of space, Parrakeets, large and smal], can be kept together and will breed under such conditions. For instance here are two aviaries, or rather, one divided into two 20 ft. by 20 ft. each, and each con- taining about 300 birds, which are happy, thriving and well, so much that even in such numbers many of them reproduce their kind. Wi. eee Compiled from “ Bird Lore.” The Month's Arrivals. The most interesting event during the present month has been the arrival of Major B. R. Horsbrugh’s birds from South Africa, which reached the Zoological Society’s Gardens on 14th April. 1 well recollect the pleasure it gave me to examine the birds imported by the same aviculturist three years since. That importation was, however, to some extent a financial speculation and included a large series of such species as the Violet-eared and Black-cheeked Waxbills, Scaly-fronted Finches, Quail Finches, ete. The present collection is a much smaller one, and I understand that Major Horsbrugh is now goiug to reside in this country and will retain almest all his birds for his own aviary. Included in this collection are four very in- teresting species, all of which are probably ‘‘first arrivals.”’ We will take these first. Black-fronted Bulbul (2ycnonolus nigricans). This handsome Bulbul has been presented to the Zoological Society and may now be seen in the Western Aviary. It isa male and, in addition to the ordinary chuckling notes of the Bulbul family, has a rather pretty piping refrain. It closely resembles the Syrian Bulbul, but has a bright orange-red cere round the eye and the whole ventral region is of the same colour. The bird is in quite perfect condition and it was delightful to watch it singing and flitting about in thesunlight. Of the four South African Bulbuls two (P. ¢ricolor and P. layardt) have the eyelid feathered, and two (P. capensis and P. nigricans) have the eyelid bare and wattle-like. hey are far from popular in the Transvaal, where they do great damage to the fig and apricot crops. Habitat: Central Cape Colony. The Month's Arrivals. 87 Crested Barbet (Z>achyphonus cafer). ‘Yhis rareJand striking species is found onthe Crocodile River. It is about the size of a large Hawfinch, has a black crest, pale yellow beak tipped with dull red, a yellow throat, below which, across the whole width of the chest, extends a large black crescent. The abdomen is yellow, the rump red and the back black, spotted and barred with white. It has a low whistle. The two specimens now imported look like males and may be seen in the New Bird House. ‘The South African Barbets nest in holes in trees and lay white eggs. ‘They are chiefly insectivorous but occasionally consume fruit. The Cape White-eye (Zos/evops pallida). Of this family South Africa possess four species, two of which (Z. vivens and Z. capensis) are common. The resemblance of the South African to the Asiatic forms, such as the Chinese White-eye, is striking but, as it is an historical fact than an Aus- tralian Zoslerops actually succeeded in crossing the 1200 odd miles of open sea that divides Australia from New Zealand (where the species now flourishes), there can be nothing improbable in the conjecture that an Asiatic species may have found its way to the Dark Continent. Those of us who have kept Zos/erofps well know that they are delicate little birds, and I was notat all surprised to hear that Major Horsbrugh had lost three out of five on the way home. Z. pallida is dull olive-green ou the back and pale buff on the breast, only the throat and under tail-coverts being yellow. In the Central ‘Transvaal they may often be seen sipping the nectar of the flowers of the Eucalyptus, but they are also very partial to ripe fruit. Red-capped Lark (Zephrocorys cinerea). ‘Yhiis slim and graceful bird looks more like a Pipit than a Lark. Itis nowin the Western Aviary, where it may often be seen perched on the highest shelf of the brickwork. It is about the size of a Woodlark; crown, primaries and a singular crescent on each side of breast all rufous; a pale buff streak above the eye. Three Chestnut-backed Finch-larks (Pysvhulauda smithi). ‘These, together with two Quail-finches, have gone to Mr. St. Quintin. South Africa possesses three species of the Genus Pys7hulauda, uamely P. australis: ear-coverts black; P. verticalis : ear-coverts white, back grey; P. samithi: ear-coverts white, back dark chestnut. ‘These are charming little birds (I have two pairs of ?. verticalis in wy Own aviary) but they are not such good songsters as some of the Asiatic Finch-larks. ‘They feed on seeds, nest under tufts of grass and congregate in flocks in the winter. P. ssithi is fairly common in the neighbourhood of Brandfort, Orange River Colony. Two male and one female Violet-eared Waxbills (Granualina granalina): all three in good condition, but the female is absolutely the most perfect specimen I have ever seen. Two male and three female St. Helena Seedeaters (C. flaviventris). 88 Post Mortem Reports. One male and two female Alario Finches. Two Yellow-rumped Serins (Ser7mus angolensis). An absolutely perfect pair of Hooded Siskins (Chrysomitris cucullata). This of course is a South American species, but the pair were purchased by Major Horsbrugh at Tas Palmas on his way home. Not long since I was shown a consignient of no less than fourteen of these charming little birds, but not one was in good feather. One Yellow-backed Whydah (Peuthelriopsis macrura). ‘Two male White-winged Whydahs (Urobrachya albonotata). This is not a ‘first arrival,” although it is a very rarely imported species. In full plumage the males are black with a bright yellow patch on the wing-coverts, and below this a zone of white extending across the whole width of the wing. These two specimens are in half plumage. * % * * Since writing the above I have received a private letter from Major Horsbrugh, who tells me that the collection would have been larger had he not left S. Africa six months sooner than he anticipated. I also hear that some rare Weavers, including P. faha, should be added to the above list. Wie wile On the 29th April I noted the following species in the hands of some well-known Jondon dealers:—Masked Wood-Swallows, White-cheeked Colins, Green Sugar-birds, Blue Grosbeaks, a Diuca Finch, Blue-throated Warblers, and last, but by no means least, a Blue-winged Siva. W. KE. T. Post Mortem Reports. (Vide Rules). For replies by post, a fee of 2/6 must be sent; this regulation will not be broken under any condition. The Hon. Mary Hawke, Dr. Hetley, Lady Pennant and W. R. Temple answered by post. Cock WHI'TE-YHROA’T. (Mrs. Warren Vernon.) Cause of death, pneumonia and enlarged liver. HEN GREEN CARDINAL. (The Hon. M. C. Hawke.) Cause of death, pneumonia. ek aa’ Photo by W. EB. Teschemaker, B.A. One of Mr. Yeschemaker’s Aviaries in Winter Garb. Photo by W. E. Teschemaker, B.A. Crate. travelling: in (Rhyncotus refescens) Tinamous Great All rights reserved.| JUNE, Ig09. BIRD NOTES: —= FE — JOURNAL OF “THE ‘FOREIGN :BIRD CLUB. The Rufous Tinamon. (Rhyncotus riufescens). By W. E. TESCHEMAKER, B.A. Some years since I had an argument with a relative of mine, who has made his home near Buenos Ayres, he upholding the claims of the duck and game-shooting of the Argentine, and the writer maintaining that no game-bird to be found in any part of the world can give as good sport to the gun as our English Red-grouse or Partridge. The claims of certain Argentine “nartridges” were stoutly upheld, and finally my cousin was challenged to send some of the latter home so that they might prove their merits on English soil. Ithought no more about the matter until the 15th March last, when I found a letter on my breakfast table informing me that four ‘“‘ Martinéta Partridges”’ would shortly reach me. One evening, a day or two later, the * partridges” arrived and after dinner we went into the kitchen to have a look at them. Now the Argentine is a progressive country of large ideas and, knowing my cousin to be a man of large ideas even for the Argentine, I thought it probable that we should find them some- what more spaciously packed than the unhappy Tanagers and Cardinals which are shipped from South American ports in such quantities, but I was certainly not prepared for what I saw. There in the centre of my small kitchen, which it appeared to entirely fill, was a large packing case (see photo) wired in front, measuring 5 ft. by 3 ft. by 3 ft. and with a stout door securely fastened by huge padlock. Inside the packing case were four large Tinamous in fine condition and wonderfully tame. I was a little puzzled as to the species to which they belonged. It was obvious they were not the Martineta Tinamou, 90 The Rufous Tinamou. because this handsome species has a fine crest. These were nearly as large as a hen Pheasant, bright rufous on the sides of the neck, tawny on the breast, the crown with dark brown striations, the back handsomely barred with dark brown, each feather being margined with light buff, the markings being very similar to those of the Great Bustard. Ultimately they were identified as the Rufous Tinamou. The Tinamous are essentially ground-birds and rarely perch. They vary in size from that of a large Fowl to that of a Quail. Their wings are short, concave and rounded. The sternum is long and slender with a well-developed keel. Another characteristic feature is the elementary and functionless tail, which consists of ten weak feathers quite hidden by the tail coverts. The genus Zzzamus has ten members which range over almost the whole of South America from Mexico to the barren plains of Patagonia. These ten species differ considerably in their individual habits, some being solitary and some consorting in large coveys, but all are polyandrous. As with the Turnicidze and some of the Ratidze, we find the strauge condition of the entire duties of incubation and the care of the young being undertaken by the male. The female, after laying one clutch, pairs with another male and takes no further interest in her offspring. It is not at all easy to givea reason for this habit, but, if one were tempted to offer a conjecture, it would be that ground birds are exposed to so many enemies that nature finds it neces- sary to avail herself of every device to produce as large and as many broods as possible. For instance, the common Partridge, though neither polyandrous nor polygamous, will lay as many as twenty eggs and, if the female be destroyed, the male will suc- cessfully rear the young and even adopt and rear the young hatched by another pair. The Vinamous lay at almost any time of the year, run with extraordinary rapidity, and in the matter of “taking cover” they have nothing to learn from Baden Powell’s scouts. The species we are now dealing with is found in Bolivia, Braziland the Argentine, where it is sometimes called ‘ Perdiz grande” aud sometimes ‘Martinéfa.” It runs with extraordinary The Rufous Tinamou. gI speed through the tall grasses of the Pampas and is difficult to flush but, when forced to rise, flies powerfully and with strident whirring of the wings. The eggs are purple and, as with the rest of the Tinamous, so highly polished that they cannot be mistaken for those of any other genus. It is said! to utter some flute-like notes, almost worthy to be called a song, several in- dividuals combining in a kind of chorus. Some further data may be added here which I have ex- tracted from a private letter from Mr. H. F. Teschemaker, to whom Iam much indebted for the kind gift of the Tinamous. “They inhabit a large portion of the Argentine, though they are found chiefly on the flat country, in the Provinces of Santa Fé, Cordoba, Buenos Ayres, Pampa Central and San Luis. ‘There is another very similar species called the ‘‘ copeton”’ which carries a large crest and is more difficult to flush, running a long way before rising. This latter appears to be more numerous in the South of the Province of Buenos Ayres and in the hills in the North West, as I never saw one in the Province of Santa Fé during all the years I have been in Argentine. The birds I have sent you, which we call “ AZartinéfas,” have rather a slow flight, but get up quickly and give fair sport. Their eggs are very curious and have the appearance of finely glazed china. ‘They are oblong, shaped alike at both ends and in size about equal to a pullet’s. They have been fed on corn and turnips.” My four birds were in sound condition, but one was rather bare on the back and two others had also lost some plumage in the great heat encountered passing through the tropics. It is curious that these lost plumes had been replaced by a thick growth of almost white feathers which of course greatly detract- ed from their appearance. However, they gradually cast these and are now (26th May) ouce more handsomely barred. Shortly after their arrival they uttered some weird call notes but ever since they have remained absolutely mute. For two months the Tinamons were kept in a large loft, where they soon became wonderfully tame. They would feed from the hand and could easily be picked up and tucked under one’s arm to which position they resigned themselves with as much equanimity as the Flamingoes in that wonderful croquet- g2 The Birds of Gambia. match so quaintly described in ‘* Alice in Wonderland” They are now in a garden aviary where there are shrubs, small trees and long grass, and seem to be enjoying life. I have never yet seen them attempt to perch although there are plenty of low boughs which they could easily reach. If only the Rufous Tinamou could be easily bred in captivity it would make an interesting addition to any poultry yard and probably also show good sport to the gun. Eggs have been several times hatched in this country but I have no information as to whether young birds have been reared and apparently the adults turned down in Essex and Hertfordshire have not multiplied. Nevertheless I hope to turn mine out towards the end of the summer on some preserved ground in Devonshire. The Birds of Gambia. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. (Continued from page 42). STURNIDA. Lamprotornis caudatus. TONG-YAILED GLOSSY STARLING. Range. West and North-East Africa. (B.JZ. Cat.) Very common in the Gambia. Generally seen in flocks of about twenty or thirty. Common everywhere especially iu the rice fields. At the end of the rains, November and December, iu company with the other Glossy Starlings and Weavers, work havoc among the ripening millet. In most individuals the prevailing colour of the metallic gloss is. green, but in others it is distinctly blue. In two young ones I had alive in 1906 the crown was deep blue separated by a distinct margin at the occiput from the green of the nape and back, this is hardly marked in the adult. Native names: Weer-weer (Mandingo). Gulagul (Joloff). Lamprotornis chrysonotis. GOL DEN-HARED GLOSSY STARLING. Range. Senegambia (2.4f, Cal.) Described from Gambia, but it must be rare here. I have never seen it. A bird about the size of a Green Glossy Starling; the metallic gloss is greenish except on the throat where purple prevails, and there is a broad copper band across the chest, while the ear spots are bright bronze. Lamprocolius chalybeus, aud L. chloroplterus. GREEN GIOSSY STARLING. Range. All over West Africa. East Africa south to Zamibesi. (B.M. Cat.) L. purpureus. PURPILE-HEADED GLOSSY STARING. Range. West and Equatorial Africa. (&.J/. Cat.) The Birds of Gambia. 93 These three Short-tailed Glossy Starlings are all found in the Gambia. The latter is much the most common, and to be seen everywhere, often in enormous flocks. When the corn is ripening they eat large quantities of the nearly ripe corn, but at other times feed partly on insects and fruits of various bush trees. After a bush fire they find a bounteous banquet of half-baked grasshoppers, locusts, ete., and when a swarm of the latter appears they then too have au opportunity of gorging themselves on those insects. At times one sees them flycatching from the tops of trees, flying up and returning with their prey to their perch, as Sparrows do after daddy-longlegs in the summer at home. ‘Yowards evening they collect into flocks and fly to their respective roosting places, which are frequently in low trees near or over the water, where they collect for the night, mak- ing a great commotion and disturbance as the sun goes down, as they chatter and quarrel for their places. Of the three species, the first two show a prevailing gloss of green, in the third the chief colour is blue or purple. ‘he two green birds hardly differ except in size, the first being distinctly larger than the second, while the Purple Starling is in size midway between the two green species. Native names are Weer-Weer (Mandingo), and Yerayer ( Joloff ). The little boys who are out all day scaring birds in the fields catch them in large numbers during the harvest time, and I have kept a good miany at different times, but I do not find them very easy birds to accustom to cage life and food, though this caunot be the rule, as I have often seen both at home and out here at the seaports cages containing thirty or more all healthy and feeding well on a most uupromising looking food. As cage birds too they are not very satisfactory owing to their noisy chatter and huge appetites. Spreo pulcher. Range. North-east Africa to the Niger aud Senegambia. (&.M/. Cat.) A beautiful chestnut-breasted Glossy Starling, which I have so far never been fortunate enough to meet with since I have been in the Gambia. Pholidauges leucogaster. AMETHYST STARLING. Range. West and North-east Africa. Very common in the more wooded parts of the Gambia from about May till the end of the rains, while a smaller number remain with us all the year round, especially in the districts nearest to the sea. Generally met with in pairs, but in May and June are often seen in small parties feeding with Orioles and other birds on the Sotoes and other wild fig-trees. The male is a most beautiful bird, two-coloured, a lovely metallic puce-purple contrasting with the purest white. The hen is a plain brown aud white bird. In I906 I had two males alive, one of which I gave to the Zoo, where it still thrives. ‘They are, however, very rarely caught; these two were the only ones I ever saw in captivity, aud, although I have been trying to get others, I have never succeeded. In confinement I found them very easy to cater for. 94 Lird Notes from the Zoo. Buphaga africana. OXPECKER. Range. Nearly the whole of Africa. (2.47. Catz.) Very common in the Gambia, two or three to be seen with every herd of cattle. They are brown birds, intermediate in appearance between the Starlings and the larger Weavers, with vellow red-tipped beaks. ‘They live on the ticks and other insects which infest cattle. Mandingo name, Charra. (To be continued.) Bird Wotes from the Zoo. By WESLEY TJ. PAGE, F.Z.S. In these notes precedence must be given to the mucli anticipated aviaries for the Birds of Paradise, and to mention in passing that with other changes in the management, Mr. D. Seth- Smith has been appointed Curator of Birds and Inspector of Works. This is a change which all aviculturists will welcome, and the fine series of foreign birds should now receive that care and practical supervision which they well deserve. Onecan only hope that better supervision will be kept over the name tablets of birds on the various cages and aviaries, also that they will be correctly named, and that we may be spared such absurd popular titles as, for instance, ‘‘ Red-fronted Finch” to Sporvopifes frontalis; it is not even descriptive and the bird already possessed a des- criptive title, viz., Bearded Scaly-fronted Finch. While many aviculturists will be disappointed that the Bird of Paradise flights are not larger—but it must be noted that existing conditions and the necessity of making a display, from the spectacular standpoint were the main factors in deciding the dimensions, etc. of the respective flights—nevertheless much has been gained, and we shall doubtless hear of many species of of Grassfinches, etc.,if not the Birds of Paradise, breeding therein during the present season. Some of them are already building and others prospecting. It will suffice to say that however much aviculturists may privately criticise the new aviaries and regret their limitations, it will be seen from the photographic reproductions illustrating these notes, that they have a handsome appearance, are well arranged, have been carefully thought out, and the comfort of the birds studied to the utmost that the existing conditions would allow. ‘The illustrations make further description superfluous. ‘00Z UOPUO’T Bq] 1B SIYSIPY sstpeseg Jo pig ‘adnd 'O “AT 49 404d ‘OOZ UOPUO’T dt} ye aslpeleg Jo Spllg ay IO SyYSip] MAN sy ade “OH 49 040% ta — eee / | SSegemn wat res SSITON pilg Bird Notes from the Zoo. 95 It is too soon to speak yet as to the extent which the Birds of Paradise will display themselves to the public; as not only are many of tle species moulting and only in partial nuptial plumage, but they have not settled down to their altered surround- ings; nevertheless Count Raggi’s Bird of Paradise (7. vaggiana) is giving promise of what a fine show there will be ina few weeks time; these aviaries are sure to be a centre of interest, especially as anumber of gorgeously plumaged small tropical birds are en- joying semi-liberty with the Birds of Paradise. 4? >: ie ee uulieagar © zat AU usa Ai W tS) 2 Drawn from life by H. Goodchild. King Bird of Paradise g and 9. Cicinnusus regius. The new aviaries consist of five flights, and for purposes of description Iam numbering them 1 to 5, z.e. from left to right, as they appear on plate. I. This flight contains three King Birds of Paradise (Cicinnurus regius) neither of which are as yet in perfect feather, though the gorgeous crimson, metallic greens, etc. flashing in the sunlight, already indicate what a glorious spectacle they will 96 Bird Notes from the Zoo. make when in perfect plumage. In this flight are also to be seen the All Green Tanager (Chlorophonia viridis), Yellow-winged Sugar Bird (C. cyanea), Spotted Emerald Tanager (Cadliste guttata), Fire-red Finch * (Spermophila minuta), Guttural Finch * (S. gutturalis), Blue Wren (Malurus cyaneus) and Varied Hemipode (Turnix varia) ; the latter had quite an artistic nest at the foot of a Box tree, containing three eggs, when these notes were taken (May 2oth). The feature of this flight (at present) is the dainty little Australian Blue Wren. Its fearless demeanour, vivacity, aud the engaging flirt of its tail as it flitted in and out of the foliage was quite entrancing. This species has been bred in captivity: Mr. R. Phillipps several years ago achieved that dis- tinction. II. Containing Blue (Zanagra episcopus), Scarlet (XR. brastlius), and Black ‘Tanagers (Zachyphonus melaleucus) and Count Raggi’s Bird of Paradise (Pavadisea raggiana) ; this species so far makes the best display, one of the males being in perfect plumage and making a grand picture as he sat on the branches sunning himself. As the birds gain more confidence and get accustomed to their surroundings, they will use some of the lower perches and then be seen to better advantage. III. Contains eight Lawes’ Birds of Paradise (P. dawesz), none of which were in perfect plumage, though one of the males was very rapidly approaching that stage. From their demeanour during the hour in which I had them under observation, I fear that as soon as the males are in full nuptial plumage their num- bers will have to be reduced, as already they were living in any- thing but amity. IV. Here were gathered together quite an interesting series, viz.: Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise (V. hunsteinz); Blue- wing (C. cyanopteva) and Superb Tanagers (C. fas/uosa) ; Rufous- tailed Grassfinch (Bathilda ruficauda) ; Sydney Waxbill (4 gintha temporalis) ; Parrot Finch (A7ythrura psittacea) ; Chestnut-breasted Finch (A/unza castanetthorax) and Nutmeg Finch (A/. punctuata). Many of these were prospecting or carrying bents, etc. about, evidently enjoying their newly found liberty, and many of them will undoubtedly breed. These and the birds next door (flight * Vide coloured plate, opposite page 61, Vol. VI. Bzrvd Notes. Bird Notes from the Zoo. 97 No. V.) form quite an interesting crowd, containing among their number many species that are great favourites with aviculturists, and their doings will be watched with much interest, however limited the flights may be for the Birds of Paradise, the accom- modation for these small species is all that could be desired, the one thing lacking being perhaps a little more cover. Here, under alinost natural conditions, will be given the opportunity, for the first time to many, of seeing these interesting species feed their young, etc., also the various stages, from nesting to adult plumage. V. After the foregoing general remarks it will only be necessary for me to give a list of the species contained in this flight, viz.: Pin-tailed Nonpareils (A7ythrura prasina), Parrot Finches, Gouldian Finches (P. gou/dzz), Quail Finches ( O7tygospiza polyzona), Oven Bird (Dendroica discolor), Olive Finches (Phonz- para olivacea), Long-tailed Grassfinches (P. acuticauda), Zebra Finches (Z@niopygia castanotis), Grey-Singing Finches (Serzas leucopygius), Ringed Finches (Stictoptera anniulosa), Fire-tailed Finch (Zsérilda bella), Varied Hemipode (7urnix varia), Violet- eared Waxbills(Gvanatina granatina) aud Blue-breasted Waxbills (Estrilda angolensis). In my further peregrinations I noted in the Western Aviary (always an interesting place to the aviculturist), Sun Bittern (1 fear the stay of this bird will be a very brief one); Motmot, this interesting species favoured me several times with the pendulum like movement of the tail, from which characteristic it is also known as the Pendulum Bird. Ialso noted the following all look- ing very fit; American Robin (nesting), Nicobar Pigeon, Black and White Fantails, Coach-whip Bird (the realistic whip-like note of this species was uttered several times while I was in the aviary, Yellow and Red-headed Hangnests,White-collared Ouzels, Saturnine and Cuban Mocking Birds, Pied Grallinas, and the fine series of Weavers and Whydahs, mostly in nuptial plumage, the Weavers busily engaged in actively weaving their character- istic nests, several of which were of the complete type, as used for breeding in their native wilds. The Western Aviary always contains many interesting species and is the aviary for avicul- turists to give a good portion of their time to. 98 Notes on Birds of Cape Colony. These notes have become more extensive than I anticipated, and I must merely mention in passing one or two of the newer arrivals, leaving description, etc. till some future issue—one exception must however be made in the case of THE GREEN HANGNEST (Octinops viridis). This interesting and unique specimen (new to the collection) is immature, its size is about that of a moderate sized pigeon, bill over one inch long, pale yellow in colour with a large patch of orange on the upper mandible; the body plumage is mostly olive-green; the upper and under tail-coverts and ventral region are dark bronzy-chest- nut; tail feathers olive-green, with the exception of the outer oues, yellow and the central ones blackish; area of blackish- brown skin round the eyes; iris bright blue ; legs and feet blackish horn colour. Habitat: Venezuela. The bird is quite tame, allows itself to be handled by the keeper, and has the Starling character- istic of probing with his bill closed and then opening it out. It is located in the small Birds’ House. Wotes on Birds of Cape Colony. hy Jel, 85 IRIS. (Continued from page 58). In my aviary in Port Elizabeth the other birds that nested, or attempted to nest, besides the St. Helena Seedeaters were some Dufresne’s and St. Helena Waxbills and Alario Finches. The Dufresne’s Waxbills commenced building in June, but in was not until December that, feeling in the nest one day, I found it contained four or five eggs. The domed nest was built in a bunch of dry heather nailed rather low down in one corner of the aviary and was composed chiefly of lichen (in preference to moss which was also supplied) lined with soft grass and a few feathers. The eggs were hatched on the rgth December, but several days later I noticed the birds had deserted the nest aud I found the young birds had all disappeared; whether mice were the culprits, or some of the larger birds in the aviary, I never discovered. ‘These Waxbills moulted in January. The Alarios made several attempts to build during Sep- Noles on Birds of Cape Colony. 99 tember but never seemed to succeed in building a nest, and I found afterwards that a Red-headed Finch and a Red-billed Weaver were the cause of the trouble, for as soon as a nest was commenced they never rested until they had pulled it to pieces. I removed them to a small aviary containing Budgerigars where there were no nests to demolish, and the Budgerigars were well able to take care of themselves. In August of the following year I paired a cock Alario with a hen Canary and they reared three young—one cock and twohens. I kept the cock bird for several years ; he became very tame and was a great favourite and also a splendid little songster, his song being a mixture between that of an Alario and a Canary. I have made several attempts at keeping different species of Nectarinidz or Sunbirds in cages, but it was not until last year that I met with any success. When out catching Great-tailed Whydahs, one day I cameacross numbers of the Orange-breasted Sunbirds feeding on small flies and insects in a patch of bracken fern. Not being very successful that day at catching Whydahs, I thought I would try and secure one of these exquisitely coloured little Sunbirds, for it was some years since I had tried to keep one. It was not long before I had caught a young and an adult female, and having a two-mile walk across the veldt to the road and then eight miles on my bicycle, I started for home at once so as not to keep the birds longer without food and water than was absolutely necessary. From my observations of these little Sunbirds in their wild state, and from my limited experience of them in captivity, I find that they are constantly feeding all day, from sunrise to sunset, and that their being without nourish- ment for an hour or two whilst being conveyed home was the chief cause of my uot being successful in keeping them in captivity. As soon as I had got my two birds home and given them a more roomy cage, I supplied them with some ripe orange, water, milk sweetened with sugar, and a bunch of a species of heath which was very plentiful on the veldt and which they seemed to prefer to any other flowers. The young bird started to feed at once on the juice of the orange and the milk, but the adult hen was very wild and refused to touch anything, and 100 A further Account of the Yellow-winged Sugar Bird. seeing that in all probability she would not be alive the next morning I gave her her liberty. The young bird soon became extremely tame and would take flies from my hand without any hesitation or signs of fear. It was the 22nd November when I caught it. I kept it in perfect health in an ordinary Canary show cage until the middle of January when it died on the voyage to England. It was very fond of a bath and there were few days on which it did not take one. I found these birds comparatively plentiful in certain parts of the veldt where several species of heath grew in abundance. They take little notice of you, and on several occasions I have approached them within a couple of yards and listened to them warbling their sweet, but rather faint, little song. My brother writes to say he lately saw a yellow Wagtail near Port Elizabeth, and he understands this is the first time it has been reported as having occurred in the colony. It was afterwards procured for the Museum. It might be interesting to others, besides myself, to know if this bird occurs in any other part of South Africa, and if it is correct, that it has not pre- viously been found in Cape Colony. fleofurtber Eccount of the Wellowzwinged Sugar Bird. By TINNISWOOD MILLER, F.Z.S. Glancing through some of our back numbers the other day I came across, in the September issue, 1907, an account of our Yellow-winged Sugar Bird (Saz), and I wondered if our members would care to hear more about him, as he is still with us, and as close and brilliant as when Mr. Goodchild painted his portrait. Just before the account appeared, viz., in August, 1907, in an evil moment, we thought we would try him with some tiny young mealworms. He took readily enough to them, and, in fact, ate more than was good for him; the result being that he had a fit. A further Account of the Yellow-winged Sugar Bird. 101 By luck my wife was in the room at the time having tea, she immediately picked him up and placed his feet in as hof water as she could bear her hand in, at the same time wetting his head with some co/d water from a flower vase. He recovered from the fit, but it left him very weak and ill; he seemed to lose all sense of balance, he could not perch, and was constantly rolling about all over the floor of his cage. This sort of thing went on until the middle of November, during which time he lived almost entirely on black grapes, held in front of him to suck, as he was only with great difficulty able to feed himself; but he gradually got stronger, and in January, 1908, I changed his food, giving him Nestle’s milk with a little sponge cake and Mellin’s food in it. Itis quite liquid, about the consistency of thin cream, and this, with fruit (bananas and grapes) is what I continue to feed him on. He takes a good tablespoonful of the milk per day. He was a pitiable little object ; his body feathers all stuck together, and his flight feathers all broken through falling about his cage. _I often wished he would die and so end his miserable existence; he however thought otherwise, and noticing that he was trying to preen himself and get the old stumps out, I assisted him by pulling all the flight and tail feathers out, of course very gradually, only one or two a week. I also frequently washed him, sponging him all over in warm water, and afterwards rolling him up ina flannel in front of the fire to dry. From constant handling he lost all fear of me and I was able to do anything with him. The result of this drastic treatment was that, in April, he was quite himself again, singing, calling, and taking his daily tub. In August we showed him at the L.C.B.A. members’ show, where he took the prize as the best foreign bird in the show. He went out of colour in October, and came into it again at the end of February this year. The moral of this little tale is, never give a bird up while there is a spark of life in it. 102 The Birds of India. Che Birds of Fnodia. By DouGLAS DEWAR, I.C.S. [A Lecture delivered before the Indian Section of the Royal Society of Arts, and reproduced by kind permission of the Author and R.S.A.| From the Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. (Continued from page 67, Vol. VII.) ECONOMIC ORNITHOLOGY. ‘The economic aspect of the study of the birds of India is the one likely to commend itself most to the members of this Society. It is certainly the most important from a practical point of view. Unfortunately it is the aspect with which I am the least familiar, since I study birds purely as a hobby. I take it that all mem are agreed that birds as a whole are of incalcul- able value to man. Were they to disappear from off the face of the earth linman existence would be impossible. As things are, insects constitute the dominant group of organisms. “In number of species,’ writes Mr. Maxwell-Lefroy, Iiperial Entomologist to the Government of India, “in actual numbers or bulk, in the sum total of their activities, they outweigh all other forms of animal life at present on the earth.” ‘hey take toll of all other creatures. The birds aretheir chief foes. Itis due almost entirely to the efforts of the fowls of the air that insects are held in check. ‘To quote Mr. Maxwell-Iefroy again: “Birds are the fluctuating check on insect life, the safety valve as it were; thev congregate where they find insects, regardless of their species or habits, and constantly consume the superfluous and superabundant insect life.” But all birds are not equally useful to man. Some are commonly supposed to be positively harmful. Hence the economist does not look upon all with equal favour. He divides the fowls of the air into two classes—the friends and the foes of man. His policy is obviously to encourage the former and to repress the latter. Unfortunately, it is by no means always easy to determine into which category a particular species falls. A great many birds, as, for example, flycatchers, feed exclusively on insects, and siuce these latter may as a whole be regarded as man’s most deadly enemies, it follows that all purely insectivorous birds are his very good friends. On this point there can be no difference of opinion. Norcan any one doubt that those fowls of the air which subsist mainly on insects are of great utility to man. Mr. Maxwell-Lefroy writes in his ‘“‘ Indian Insect Pests’?:—‘‘A large number of birds are wholly insectivorous, a large number are partly so, and every one of these deserves protection and encouragement.” In other words, the great majority of birds are useful to man. FRIENDS OR IOS ? But there exists a multitude of feathered creatures that are not purely insectivorous. ‘here are the raptores, which devour other birds, small The Birds of India. 103 manimnals and reptiles; the vultures which eat carrion; andthe birds which feed largely on fruit, grain, or fish. How are these to be regarded? This is a question which can be satisfactorily answered only by considering each species separately, and ascertaining the nature of its food at different stages of its existence, aud under various conditions, as, for example, in seasons of drought or excessive rainfall, or at times when the country is invaded by some insect pest, such as the locust. Even when we lhave succeeded in ascertaining this, we are by no means always able to say whether the bird in question is a friend or foe. Tet us, for example, suppose that the species under observation lives chiefly upon grain crops, but that it feeds its young on harmful caterpillars. ‘The caterpillar is a voracious creature, which consumes several times its own weight of food in the course of a day. Thus, the devouring of a caterpillar is a work of merit, which will out- weigh the injury done by eating a considerable number of food grains, but who is to say how many food grains go to a caterpillar? THE SPARROW. a bird which has, of late, come in for ‘Take the common Sparrow much abuse in the columns of 7he Yimes. It is of great importance to determine the policy to be adopted towards him, for he has spread himself over the greater part of the world. In India he is almost as abundant as in England. If the question: Friend or foe? were determined by votes, I fear that the pushing little fellow would be condemined by a large majority, but I am not at all sure that his condemnation would be just. We must bear in mind that the Sparrow, as his scientific name, Passer domesticus, suggests, is a bird of towns rather than of the open country. Now a town Sparrow cannot do much damage to the crops, unless, of course (as many Londo Sparrows are said to do), he takes a holiday in the country at a time when the corn is ripening! SPARROW NES'TLINGS. We must not forget that young Sparrows in the nest are fed chiefly on insect food. Last year I placed in a cage in the verandah some baby Sparrows taken out of a nest in the pantry of my bungalow. The parents soon found them out, and fed them through the bars of the cage. I was able to satisfy myself that the young were fed largely on green caterpillars, which I believe were captured in the kitchen-garden. In each beakful of food carried to the young birds there were not less than three of these caterpillars. By watching the number of times food was taken to the cage, I calculated that the hen, for she does the lion’s share of the feeding, brought in something like 540 insects (chiefly caterpillars) per diem to her brood. She fed them on this diet for nearly three weeks, so that the young ones before leaving the nest liad swallowed between them several thousands of caterpillars. Now, we know that the rearing of a family seems to be the normal coudition of a Sparrow, so that this species performs a very great service to 104 The Birds of India. man in the form of insect destruction. Further, the adult birds sometimes eat insects, aud this they are likely to do whenever, from some cause or other, insects become unusually abundant, that is to say, precisely at the time when it is most important to man that his little six-legeved foes should be devoured. Asa set-off to this we must not forget the large amount of food grains that Sparrows devour. Moreover, were they less numerous, their place might perhaps be taken by birds of more undoubted utility to man. Probably the only method of arriving at the truth as regards the Sparrow is to exterminate him completely from a given locality, and watch the results. ‘This, I believe, was done about forty years ago in Maine and Auxerre, with the result that almost every green leaf was destroyed by caterpillars in the following year. It is thus obvious that the determination of the economic value of some birds is not by any means a.simple matter. One thing is certain, and thatis that no bird should be condemned as an enemy of man until a pro- longed and careful inquiry into its habits has been made. Running through the long list of Indian birds, we meet with some tweity species which the economic ornithologist might perhaps class as “doubtful” ; birds which certainly do devour food crops, aud which must consequently be classed as foes, unless they render some service to man by way of compensation for the damage they do. ‘These are the Sparrows, the various species of Crow, the Rose-coloured Starling, some of the larger Finches, the Paroquets, the Doves and the Geese. THE CROWS. With the Sparrow we have already dealt. ‘ie Crows look upon the ripening crops as a feast prepared for their benefit. But grain forms quite an insignificant portion to their menu. hey prefer thedustbin to the field, the town to the country. The covvi are a source of annoyance to mau rather tham an economic pest. ‘They are useful if impertinent, scavengers, and undoubtedly destroy alarge quantity of harmful insects. When a flight of locusts invades the land they, together with the Kites, render yeoman service to the husbandman. Even as a carcase attracts every vulture in the vicinity, so does a swarii of locusts bring together all the Crows of the locality. ‘They leave their ordinary occupations to dance attendance upon the devastating host, seizing the insects with their claws and conveying them to the beak in mid air. Each crow devours locusts until threatened by death from a surfeit of food. In a sense Crows and other omnivorous birds are more useful than the purely insectivorous ones. Like the careful housewife, they live upon whatever happens to be in season. If it be locusts, they have locusts for breakfast, locusts for lunch, locusts for dinner. ‘They, therefore, form a highly efficient corps of reservists, ready at a moment’s notice to wage war against insect invaders, (Zo be Continued). af) a 7 = Ei a Te ~~ Pen 7 Se _ : 94% 7 > s 7 > wee 7 ~ © oe. * aes ———> Bind) Notes: Photo by Mrs. E. Warren Vernon. The British Bird Aviary at Toddington Manor. Photo by Mrs. Lewis. Triangular Spotted Pigeons (Columba guinea). _ [See page 72]. British bird Aviary at Toddington Manor. 105 British bird Hyiarvy at Toddington Manor. By Mrs. E. WARREN VERNON. The photographic reproduction clearly shows the design of aviary,—which is home made. The measurements are as follows :—Brick base 3 ft.; wire from brick base to eaves 5 ft.; height of flight from ground to arch 9g} ft.; length of flight rr ft. Shed, 5 ft. long by 7 ft. wide. Shed floor, concrete; roof, cor- rugated iron; itis much higher than flight so as to encourage the birds to roost inside. Flight is covered with 3-inch mesh wire netting. Scrim curtains running on iron rods can be drawn at night over the top and round the sides, thus keeping away my great enemies—-the Little Owls. I have twice lost half an aviary of birds in one night through these birds. In the flight of the aviary are box trees, grass plots and fir poles with branches cut close, as perches, surrounded by a gravel path. It faces S.W., being quite shut in from N. and E. by high buildings round the stable yard. One side is against the garden wall; the shed end leans against an old brick building. Under the shed, all perches and food vessels are hung, and to prevent mice fouling the food, I have wood platforms with circular holes cut in them to receive the sinking glass vessels containing seed, etc., suspended by wire from the roof. The mice cannot get down the wire, and the birds readily find the food. All perches are swung in the same manner, as I find birds delight in a swinging perch. At present the aviary contains the following birds :—One pair of Bullfinches (hand-reared last year), the hen has a white head; pairs each of Greater Whitethroats, Black Redstarts, Stonechats, Tree Pipit and Yellow Wagtails. Shortly I intend adding Nuthatches, Nightingales, and probably many others. The Bullfinches have mated, and at the present time (May 6th) the hen is busily incubating four eggs. I had to make the nest for her, as she laid her eggs in a canary nest box, wood and zine lining; I put in the bottom of a Chaffinches’ nest, of which she evidently approved as she immediately settled down to incubate the eggs. 106 The Bullfinch. The SBullfinch. (Pyrrhula europea). By WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S. This is one of the most handsome of the British finches, and a general favourite, except with the fruit grower, who, in spite of its great beauty, destroys it on sight, because of its depredations among the buds of fruit trees in the early spring. It is still very numerous in many counties, and all lovers of our native avifauna will wish that it may long remain so; however, I will return to this point later under the heading of CNValid Meitex? IN CAPYIVITY It is kept under three conditions:—r. As an inmate of the aviary. I1. Asacage pet or room bird. m1. Asan exhibition specimen. I have known it from actual experience under the first two of these conditions, and under the last only as a frequent visitor to the various bird shows. I. Jt is as an inmate of the aviary that I know it best; losses are very numerous among newly-caught birds, principally, in my opinion, owing to an insufficiency of tender green food and supplying dry seed. The period when these birds are mostly caught is spring or autumn, when, either owing to heavy dews or rains, their natural food is in a more or less saturated condition, and the failing to supply soaked seed and a liberal supply of fresh green food causes the death of very many of these handsome birds. In the aviary, once settled down, their average life is about five years, though there are many instances in which this age has been largely exceeded. Many years have elapsed since I have kept this species, though when I did so I bred them freely, and I have been rather surprised at so many comparatively experienced bird-keepers failing to breed it. For a number of years I gave up British birds, then temporarily took them up again, and in this brief interval they bred again with me, though I only retained them one season, foreign species ultimately crowding them out of my aviaries. I must repeat again that with this species, tender fresh ereen food is a size gua non, both for keeping the adult birds fit and rearing the young. I should say that fully one-third of the The Bullfinch. 107 dietary of the young birds consists of green food, and till I solved this problem the result was always failure. The last occasion on which I bred them (about ten years ago) was in a portable garden- aviary-cage, consisting of three compartments, in the centre one of which a pair of newly-caught Bullfinches nested and reared two young; the compartment in question being only 18 x 18 xX 22 inches high. It had been previously used for a pair of Budgerigars and contained a husk in one corner. On the top of this the Bull- finches constructed quite an attractive nest, with fibre pulled from the inside of the husk and the stems of weeds and coarse grasses from among their green food; three eggs were laidand two young birds successfully reared, both of which ultimately came to an untimely end—one being murdered by a Saffron and the other by a Green Singing-finch. Carrying my memory much further back into the past, I may say that in the aviary they usually availed themselves of cover for their nest, such as under a narrow shelf or near the front of their shed, and, in the majority of instances, availing themselves of an artificial base on which to construct their nest. I can only recall two instances in which typical natural nests were built: one in a bush and the other in a faggot of pea sticks, and in both instances the voung were drowned during heavy rains. So far as I could ascertain the young were entirely reared on the usual seeds and green food, the quantity of the latter consumed being simply enormous. I did not find two pairs to agree in the same compartment, however large; instead of nesting they merely chased one another about. The young males donned their brilliant garment at the autumn moult, but it was not then of full intensity; this with several specimens I kept, increased in intensity for the two suc- ceeding moults, when they appeared at their best, being of not quite so rich a hue when they died at from two to three years later. I have not found this species spiteful with other birds, not even the smallest Waxbill, but they are very quarrelsome with their own kind, especially during the breeding season. ‘They should not, however, be associated with either Cardinals or the more robust foreign Buntings, because these will sooner or later kill them off, as also will the English Chaffinch; this has been the case on several occasions in my aviary. 108 The Bullfinch. This species can be established in any garden providing cover and nesting sites, such as thick bushes or hedge or two. From a recent letter of Mr. Teschemaker’s I quote the following interesting extract:—‘‘I find they can be easily established in any garden with a good thick hedge or two, by turning out one of a pair, keeping the remaining one in a cage hanging in the garden for a week. The one first liberated hangs about the place, so as to be near its mate, until it gets to know the locality, and should be supplied with hemp seed daily. Then liberate the other and both will stay and breed. I tried it one year (in the early spring) and they nested successfully. Next year I had so many Bullfinches in the garden that I had to shoot some, and then they all cleared off.” Will some of our members with large gardens, especially near London, make a similar attempt? they would probably spread and make a welcome addition to such of our Commons and Parks as provided suitable cover for them. 11. As a room bird or cage pet my experience has been but limited, and it isso far back that I scarcely care to quote my experience to any extent; but as a boy it was one of my favourite birds; I expect the rich red plumage of the under surface was the principal attraction. As a room bird, apart from its pleasing plumage, it possesses the attractive qualities of being intelligent, confiding, readily learning numerous tricks, such as feigning death, firing toy guns, etc., also it may be taught to pipe various tunes; such are called Piping Bullfinches, and are costly, but interesting pets, and quite an industry is made of training them in Germany—very few English birds are trained, so few that they need not be considered liere: ur. As an exhibition bird they are very popular, as the well-filled classes at our principal shows abundantly testify. It is quite instructive to walk round a class of Bullfinches and study them at close quarters. What an amount of variation there is in size, form and depth of hue; these points can only be studied under such conditions, when picked birds, coming from various localities (possibly covering the whole British Isles) can be compared side by side. Field study does not permit of this, though there we British Birds, Field Notes, etc. 109 may become acquainted with their interesting life history. I do not think I ought to generalise more upon this point, not being an Exhibitor I must leave it for others to touch upon such details. However, only steady, shapely and richly -coloured speci- mens should be chosen; a bird that is unsteady is likely to receive but scanty notice from the judge. (To be continued). British Birds, Field Motes, etc. ABNORMAL PuGNaACcITy: Have other members of the F.B.C. noticed an extraordinary amount of fighting between the male birds of almost all species this season ? A few days ago I watched two tiny cock Wrens fighting on the paths a few yards from where I was standing. So fierce was the battle that they actually allowed me to pick them both up. I had one in each hand, and on putting them close together they tried to continue the battle. On releasing the bold warriors they flew at once to a tree aud commencing singing, I conclude shouting defiance at each other. A few days before this, cock Chaffinches were also fighting. I drove the victor away ; he was sitting on the vanquished one’s body pecking his head, and the poor combatant was so injured as to be unconscious. I put him ina basket and after the night he flew away. I hope he had the good sense to keep away. Possibly there is a shortage of hens, as I see no other reason for so much warfare. The following birds arrived nearly together about April 26th :—Blackcaps, Redstarts, Greater and Lesser Whitethroats, Willow and Grass-hopper Warblers, Gold-crested Wrens, and Wagtails. E. WARREN VERNON. BLACKBIRD FEEDING THRUSH: On June Ist as I was cycling along one of our Derbyshire roads, I sawin an adjoining field a thrush and a blackbird. Both looked to be fully matured, the breast of the thrush being very golden in the sunlight, while the beak of blackbird was of the deepest amber. The thrush IIO Book Notices and Reviews. flew to the blackbird flapping its wings and the latter fed it as though it was either a young one or had paired with it. Unfor- tunately I could not stop just then to see what further happened, but I have never seen even cousins feeding each other before, though it may be common enough to regular observers. J. H. HENSTOCK. Book Wotices and Reviews. My LIFE AMONG THE WIID BIRDS OF SpaIn, by Col. Willoughby Verner. Sm. 4to., pp. 468. With numerous illustrations. Pub.: Bale, Sous and Danielsson, London. Price 21/- net. This interesting and comprehensive work might well have been called “Bird Nesting in Spain,” for it is practically au account of many years’ pursuit, accompanied with much risk and danger, of his favourite hobby. Bird nesting is always a fascinating theme both for author and reader, and Col. Verner has written a most readable and instructive book. Its scope is in some measure indicated by the following summary of some of its prin- cipal contents, Exhaustive description of ropes aud other necessary paraphernalia, and how to use them. Graphic word pictures of Spanish Wilds; haunts of Bustards, Cranes, Eagles, Vultures, Kites, Ravens, etc. Detailed accounts of collecting davs, specially valuable because of the thoroughness of detail. The photographic reproductions, drawings, plans, etc., complete a most valuable volume, which should be in the library of every field naturalist and bird-lover. BIRDS AND THEIR NESTS AND EGcGs. Found in and near great towns. By G. H. Vos, B.A. ‘Third series, Illustrated. G. Routledge & Sons, London. Price 1/- net, Yhe three parts already issued cover the work of three seasons in Ioudon and its neighbourhood. Fifty-two species are enumerated as having been met with and descriptive notes are given. The photographic illustrations of the birds though good, lose much of their value owing to most of them having been taken from stuffed specimens. ad Bird Notes. Photo by 15, (OF; B. Page. Nest and Eggs of Pope * Grey Cardinal. Paroaria larvata x P. cucullata. Editorial. Tier ditorial. NESTING OF GREY-WINGED OUZELS: After coming very near to success, I have after all to write failure after the attempt of this species to reproduce their kind in my aviary. Though in my avicultural experience I have had many severe disappoint- ments (these are the lot of all who attempt the breeding of un- common species, or the insectivora), the present instance is about the keenest I have experienced for many years, as success seemed almost assured with at least one of the young birds, which appeared to be very strong and robust, and up to ten days’ old was very vigorous and the parent birds most assiduous in feeding their offspring. On the eleventh day the parent birds were not so attentive, but they still fed it, but I do not think they fed at all on the twelfth day, on the evening of which it died. My business claims did not permit me to undertake hand feeding or the bird could easily have been reared, if it had been taken in hand on the eleventh day. The hen has began to incubate again and I shall hope for this occasion to be able to get a more varied supply of live insect food. NESTING OF POPE X GREY CARDINALS: Disappoint- ments never come singly, as the aviculturist of any lengthy experience knows only too well. The birds nested, laid four eggs, the ground colour of which was greyish-green, thickly marbled with reddish-brown, all were fertile as far as I have since ascertained, when just as the eggs were due to hatch the hen died ; she was evidently about to lay a second clutch by the side of the first and, before her condition was discovered, she died egg-bound (truly an aviculturist must indeed be a philosopher, or some would be giving up the hobby in disgust). The first intimation I got of her condition being the finding of the body, which con- tained an abnormally large and full shelled egg, which the un- fortunate bird had been unable to pass. ‘This is the first case of egg binding in my aviaries for six or seven years. A photo- graphic reproduction of the nest and eggs accompanies these notes, and, as the box was one of the few I use with fixed tops, this had to be removed to expose the nest and eggs. II2 Feditorial, NkstTInG Nores: Some of our members are meeting with good success with Grassfinches, ete., and others are having, like myself, a run of ill-luck, particularly with the rarer and insecti- vorous species. Just on going to press, news reaches me from one of our members that he has just lost a brood of Blue Gros- beaks, which were five days old and, up to that time, had given every indication that they would be reared; in this case there was both variety and quantity of live insect food; but the Gros- beaks were true to the reputation of this group in captivity and threw out or ate the young. From Mr. Willford I hear that he has had a most interesting experience in his aviaries, ViZ., COn- firmation of the parasitical habits of the Silky Cowbird (Wolothrus bonariensts), four eggs have been laid in the nests of various other species, but, unfortunately, none of these have hatched out. I refrain from giving further details as Mr. Willford is preparing a paper “Nesting Notes for the Present Season ’’—-which we shall hope to publish in our next issue. THE UNCERTAINTIES OF AVICULTURE: ‘There are certain species of foreign birds which can be relied upon to breed almost as freely as Canaries, such as Zebra and Ribbon Finches, White Java Sparrows, some Grassfinches, Budgerigars and the like, but with the rarer species and the insectivora, there are usually many failures before success is finally attained, and only ina few instances is it attained in the initial instance—so much is this the rule that when such occurs most experienced aviculturists are apt to attribute their success to a ‘t happy fluke,” even though every provision had been made to attain it. These remarks are general, and are the experience of those with almost unlimited accommodation, as well as those whose accommodation is very limited, and are written to prevent those of our members who are young in the fascinating pursuit of aviculture from being discouraged by initial failure. Bird Notes from Far and Near. 113 Bird Wotes trom jar and Wear. A FEW REMARKS ABOU’ THE WILD LIFE OF THE GOULDIAN FIncH (by G. A. Heumann). The following notes, which are compiled from the Dvze Gefiederte Welt, were incited by an article by Herr Pfarrer Blume in an earlier issue of the D.G.W. The very interesting article above referred to, I read with great interest and pleasure. .... I should like to impart to the readers of D.G.W. a few of my observations of the Gouldian Finch in its native wilds, made during my stay in Queensland. These beautiful birds, usually called here Red or Black Pointers, range over the entire north of Queensland, and indeed from Townsville northerly. During the breeding season, Sep- tember to December, they fly in pairs, afterwards in crowds of from five to six hundred head. But it is the details of pairing and incubation which-will doubtless prove of greatest interest, and I at once come to the much contested point—are the Red- headed a variety or a separate species ? In my opinion they are merely a variety, inasmuch that I have seen the Red-headed males paired with Black-headed females, and vice versa,—the broods of such are therefore mixed. Ihave often looked on and watched such pairs feeding their young, so that a mistake was quite impossible. The nest is usually placed in a low bush; it is spherical, with either a lateral or top entrance hole. Often, also, I have seen the birds weave up the butt end with upright long prairie grass, so that discovery of the nest is difficult indeed. The clutch consists of from four to six white eggs, how- ever I have seldom found more than three to four young in one nest. Yo fathom the colour of the young has not been possible. The young are fed solely on seeds, so far as I could observe, and I have never seen one of these birds feed their young with a caterpillar or soft food. These finches are caught, after they assemble together in flocks, with nets at watering places ; for these during the dry season are rare, and that explains also the circumstance that 114 Bird Notes from Far and Near. during the rainy season, December to March, none of these birds are on the market. Still another circumstance occurs to me out of the notes of Herr Pfarer Blume, viz., the difficulty of breeding these Amadinen. In Sydney, however, these dainty birds cannot live in the open, as the thermometer often falls in winter to + 8° Reaumur, but they are however much cultivated in captivity. A friend who annually breeds these lovely creatures related to me that he had only fed them, even when feeding young, with millet. He states the broods are very mixed, often a pair of Blackheads have Red-headed young, mixed, or all black; seldom all red. The proportion is mostly one red to three blacks and very often the colouration is something intermediate between the black and red, this I have also noticed among wild broods. I myself have never attempted to breed Gouldians, although I have from two to three hundred cage birds, mostly however foreign, therefore not Australian, Thus I have this year successfully bred the Crescent Widow Bird (Vidua | Penthetria | ardens), rearing two young from as many broods; the Sun Astrilde, also Queenslands (in three broods, 12 young) which are much daintier than the Gouldians, Schnurrbartchen, ete. 7 Compiled from Dze Gefiederte Welt, May 13th, 1909. (Miss) F. B. PAGE. We are indebted for the following cuttings from the Auckland Herald (by J. Drummond, F.L.S., F.Z.S.), on the Natural History of New Zealand, to our esteemed member Mr. F. Howe. NATURE NOTES—NEW ZEALAND. The gluttonous habits of the Long-tailed Cuckoo have become known far and wide throughout the bird-land in New Zealand. It is not at all surprising that the Tuis and other birds chase this marauder out of the bush whenever they have an opportunity of punishing it. There are many instances of its gluttony. Mr. G. Buddle, of Auckland, sent me two photographs some time ago of a Long-tailed Cuckoo that had half swallowed a fairly large lizard, and had been nearly choked by its effort. The lizard went down head first, but its fore-limb prevented the bird Bird Notes from Far and Near. II5 from taking in the whole body, and the reptile stuck in the Cuckoo’s bill until it was rescued. Mr. Buddle took a photo- graph of the bird with the lizard in its bill, and another one after the lizard had been removed, and in the latter picture the look of rage and disappointment is very strongly marked. Mr. A. Burrows, of West Oxford, North Canterbury, in a letter I received some time ago, states that in the crop of a Long-tailed Cuckoo, brought to hima few years ago, he found two young Goldfinches, two large lizards, and several beetles. The Gold- finches were fledged, and had been swallowed whole.—From the Auckland Herald. American Wood-Ducks, probably the most beautiful ducks in the world, thrive well in New Zealand. ‘The Canterbury Acclimatisation Society has conducted experiments with these surpassingly fine birds for two years, and it has been found that their introduction is very successful. ‘he imported birds are in the Society’s gardens in Christchurch, where they show every sign of robust health. In plumage the American Wood-Duck resembles the Mandarin Duck of China, to which it is closely related. It has been given its title on account of its habit of frequenting woods. As a second title it is known as the “Summer Duck,” because it is found in many parts of the United States in the summer season. ‘The gorgeous beauty of the male’s plumage and the female’s graceful carriage, and their gentle disposition, make them a popular favourite in America.— From the Auckland Herald. A correspondent in the North Island has made a suggestion in regard to the introduction of the Californian Quail. This bird has been liberated in many parts of New Zealand. At first it increased rapidly, but latterly its decrease is reported from a surprisingly large number of districts, especially those that adjoin towns or cities. The correspondent says that his experience shows that the Californian Quail should be liberated on fairly large tracts of country. It is better, he says, if the land is hilly, and is broken in places with bush or scrub. The Quail in his district, Ngatimaru, in the North Island, seem to get along very well on flat land if there is plenty of bush on it. If there is no bush they make a good start, but afterwards their numbers 116 The Months Arrivals. decrease, He can offer no explanation of this position.—From the Auckland Herald. A correspondent who writes from Helensville, Auckland, regretting the destruction of native birds, says that the first great enenly they had to face was the Norway rat. New Zealand birds, he believes, had no inherited instincts to teach them how to pro- tect themselves against those greedy invaders, and they fell easy victims. In recent years stoats and weasels have carried on the work. He states, in tones of regret, that the Kingfisher, the Fantail, the ‘‘ Morepork”’ Owl, the Cuckoos, and the Hawks are the only native birds left near his place. Amongst intro- duced birds, Pheasants have also decreased in a remarkable manner. Thirty years ago, he could get five or six brace in one day, but he can only get very few now, and he does not believe that there are a dozen on his farm. Kingfishers and Shining Cuckoos visit his garden in the summer, and do useful work fossicking for insects amongst the vegetables, and Fantails still find plenty of occupation among the moths and flies.—From the Auckland Flerald. The Month's Errivats. I recently noted at Mr. Iuer’s several specimens of the Greater and Lesser Rock Sparrow (Pelronia dentata), about half a dozen of the former and a dozen of the latter. A few of the latter species turn up every year among the so-called “Senegal birds” but I have never seen so many together before. ‘They come from Abyssinia and Northern Africa generally and, despite their English and classical names, are not generally found on rocky ground, as Haagner points out. An interesting point in connection with this species is whether it is really distinct from P. albigiularis, which has a white throat, P. dentata having a yellow spot in centre of throat. Dr. Butler considers they are distinct species because he had an adult female of each form which did not change colour during the whole time he had them. On the other hand Captain Shelley regards the former as the immature form of P. dentala. Undoubtedly some of the white-throated brown-headed individuals acquire yellow throats and grey heads when adult for our member, Dr. Hopkinson has seen them do so in his own aviary (see Vol. VIIL., p. 42). Personally I think it possible that the two types are variant forms of the same species for several reasons, which would occupy too much space if enumerated here. The two types pair and have the same The Month's Arrivals. 117 call-notes and song, and I have had a male P. dentala for four years which has quite lost the yellow spot. Of this last consignment one individual had just one yellow feather in the throat, the rest of which was white. I think Ihave probably had more representatives of this species than any aviculturist as I have always bought all those I came across. Collecting Rock-Sparrows is, however, not an expensive hobby, the price ranging between one and two shillings. hey are dangerous in an aviary and have nothing whatever to recommend them except the interest attach- ing to them from an ornithological point of view. W.E.Y. Mr. F. C. Thorpe has sent me a sketch and particulars, by request, of a pair of Central American Finches which he has just imported. He des- cribes them as being of the size of a common Sparrow and resembling the latter on crown, back and tail markings, though more grey; eyebrows and upper breast yellow; upper throat white; between throat and breast a black bib. I have very little doubt but that this is the Black-throated Bunting (Spiza americana), au inhabitant of the United States, but winter- ing in Mexico and Central America. It nests on the ground, and its song is said to resemble the Yellow Hammier’s. Although it has been seen once at all events at our Zoological Gardens, this is distinetly a rarely imported bird, and, if Mr. Thorpe has a true pair, he is to be congratulated. W.E.T. Reference was made some time ‘since in these notes to the sexual distinctions of the Green Jay (Xamnthura luxuosa). So far from having reached a solution of the matter, the problem seems to me to become more and more difficult. I have now come across four types or phases of plumage, not counting the form with deep rufous breast which I take to be another species. First thereis the type with the broad white frontal band, declared by a well known dealer to be distinctive of the male. Secondly the type with narrow frontal band, pronounced by the same importer to be a female, Thirdly the small specimen I recently described which has a bright green back without a trace of blue, aud with a different call-note. This bird, which I conjectured to be a female, is now in my outdoor aviary with two others but has so far given no indication of sex whatever. The other day another dealer proudly informed me that he had at last obtained two undoubted hens, and to my great surprise I was introduced to yet another distinct type. ‘These two birds looked so‘very distinct that at first I thought they must belong to another species, but, on closer examina- tion, I could only come to the conclusion that they were immature _Y. luxuosa. ‘Yhey were distinctly smaller, liglit chrome on the breast, instead of orange, and the tuft of feathers surrounding the nostrils was quite absent. ‘They were imported with five of the ordinary type. W.E.T. I have recently obtained from Austria a pair of Alpine Accentors (Accentor alpinus) and Snow Finches (/vimgitla nivalis), aud have been ex- . . . . bd . . - . . ceedingly interested in noting their habits in an outdoor aviary—in fact, 118 Post Mortem Reports. seeing that the four birds cost me in all less than the lowest price asked for a Tanager, I have asked myself once again why we buy costly foreigners when we have such delightful (and cheap) British and European species. That the Alpine Accentor is interesting may be inferred from the fact that it has been classed with the Darks, the Warblers, the Wagtails and the Accentors. Of the species practically nothing is kuown in this country from an avicultural point of view, and even its habits seem not to have been well observed; for instance it is said to run and not to hop, whereas ny birds hop and walk but do not run. My Snow-finches on the other hand run with great rapidity and do not hop. ‘This Accentor is delightfully tame and has a pretty, warbling song. For an account of its habits and nest- ing see Zool. 1893, p. 309, and 1898, p. 475. ‘The Snow Finch has a feeble song, but is a very handsome bird aud is constantly on the wing. W.E.T- The well-known dealer De Von has recently received a very fine pair of the rare Himalayan Blue Flycatcher. S.M.T. Just on going to press we learn that one of our members has been offered a White-eared Sunbird. W.T.P. Post Mortem Reports. (Vide Rules). For replies by post, a fee of 2/6 must be sent; this regulation will not be broken under auy condition. Answered by post: Miss Cope Proctor. Vurnow Wacralr. (H. V. Johnson). Cause of death, pueumonia. (W. J. I.ewis). Cause of death, pneumonia. HEN CANARY. (Miss M. Gibbons). Cause of death, Canary fever. WHITE Java. (Mrs. B. W. Hodgkins). Cause of death, pneumonia. CANARY. (Mrs. Rogerson). Cause of death, bird fever. HENRY Gray, M.R.C.V.S. Mis NAT fords Awigries Interior of No «. ‘(wpja91Mop sniio77) saiio’y paddes-alding ‘P4O{TIZM “HH 49 0704 SOJON piig All rights reserved.) JULY, 1909. BIRD NOTES: = He == VOURNAL “OF ‘THE “FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Mv» Birds and their Doings. NESTING AND OTHER NOTES FOR 1909. By H. WILLFORD. Breeding results with me this spring have been far above the average, but this may be accounted for, no doubt, by the extra space allotted to the birds, the more natural conditions prevailing in the aviaries, in the form of shrubs in which to nest, and lawns on which many of the birds disport and probably pick up numerous small insects, which help them to keep fit and in superb condition, which to my mind is the chief factor of suc- cessful breeding. Starting at aviary No. 6 (see plan May issue) which is about twenty-five feet square and is planted with yew, laurels, hollies, etc., the ground being turfed and having a bank running down one side on which the grass is allowed to run to seed, supplying the inmates with an ever ready larder in spring, summer and autumn, much to their liking. In this aviary the following birds have already reared broods, have young, or are sitting on eggs :—BLACK-HEADED GOULDIANS: four young left the nest on June ist. DIAMOND SPARROWS: four young left the nest May 28th. LOonc-’raILED GRASSFINCHES: three flew May 25th. RED-HEADED FINCHES: a young cock left the nest June 3rd; besides these a pair of CHESTNUT-BREASTED FINCHES have one young nearly fledged,* this latter I believe is seldom bred, and I think I have only read of one instance of its having done so before. One pair of RUFOUS-TAILED GRASSFINCHES have four young and another pair six eggs. QUAIL FINCHES have built in * This fledgeling left the nest June 26th. 120 My Birds and their Doings. the bank mentioned above and seem about to lay. A pair of PILEATED FINCHES also seem desirous to nest, but no sooner do they get the foundation of their home laid than they pull it down again, the cock gets very much boycotted by his wife who con- stantly chases him round the aviary, but, in spite of this, they seem fond of each other. With the exception of the GOULDIANS and the RED-HEADED FINCHES, which seem to prefer rush nest baskets under cover, all the other pairs have built in shrubs or in the grass bank, the usual domed nest of hay. The cock DIAMOND SPARROW seem to have taken upon himself the duty of looking after his young family, as the hen, having tidied up the nest and added con- siderably thereto, is now busily engaged in incubating her second clutch of eggs. Amongst the misfortunes (for although I have had good luck I have also had bad) occurring in this aviary, the first was the death of three young Red-headed Finches about eight days old, and the second of a hen Crimson Finch sitting on fertile eggs, picked up also dead beneath her nest. The only birds in this aviary that have not nested yet are: PEACEFUL DOVES, CRIMSON- WINGED FINCHES and PAINTED QUAIL. Proceeding now to the Wilderness aviary, No. 5 (no longer a wilderness, see plate), here are now congregated many odd birds and only a few pairs; the first to nest was an odd English THRUSH, she built a nest in a Laurel bush, laying four eggs, which being of course infertile, she was given four eggs from the nest of a wild bird, two of which she reared. Cow Brrps: One of the most interesting experiences I have had this year is the nesting of my Ruppy and SILKY Cow- BIRDS; towards the end of April a GREEN CARDINAL built a nest ina small Fir tree, and on the 29th I noticed she had two eggs; on the morning of the 3oth, when I again looked in the nest I found not only three of her own eggs but one of an entirely different colour: this latter was about the size of, or perhaps rather smaller than the Cardinals’ eggs, being as long but nar- rower, the ground colour was of a creamish pink, blotched at the large end with clear and frosted spots of reddish brown ; on the Bird Notes. Photo by H. Wll/ord. The Silky Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensts) laying in captivity. Two eggs deposited in nest of the English Blackird in Mr. Willford’s Aviary. Bird Notes. Photo by H. Wiilford. Ariel Toucans. Photo ly H. Willford Green Cardinals and Zebra Finches. Mr. WILLEORD’S AVIARIES. My Birds and their Doings. 121 2nd of May another of these eggs were laid in the same nest. By the r1th three young Cardinals were hatched, but not till the 14th did the Cowbirds’ eggs chip, and the Cardinals having grown so rapidly in the meantime, that, fearing it was useless to allow the Silky’s eggs to remain and hatch, probably only to be crushed by their larger companions, I removed the chipped eggs, and know- ing of a Starling just hatching out gave them into her care. On May 15th one egg was found hatched but the other was missing, the former did not have the appearance of having been fed, so it was again removed and placed with the young of the common Hedge Sparrow, but, alas! next day was found dead outside the nest, having been thrown out of the nest most pro- bably after death, as I have found the Hedge Sparrow an excellent mother, one I remember sitting on some Ring Ouzels’ eggs for several days until a Blackbird could be found to whom they could be given. In the meantime a Blackbird had built in the Wilderness aviary, and on May 6tha Silky Cowbird’s egg was found together with two Blackbirds’ eggs, and on the 8th the Blackbird was sitting on three of her own eggs and two of the Silky Cowbirds’ (see photo of eggs and nest) but again disappointment came, for on the following day the Silky’s eggs had been thrown out of the nest and were picked up some distance away broken. It will now be best to follow the doings of the Ruppy- SHOULDERED COWBIRDS. My first pair, which later proved to be two hens, built a nest, very round and rather deep inside, placed in a bush about three feet from the ground, the material used being hay and dried bents of grass. On May goth the first egg was noticed, but if others were laid they must have been eaten as no trace of them was found. I might here observe that one of these hens was constantly attended by a cock Bullfinch, and was often to be seen being fed by this admirer, so thinking he might be disturbing her proper nesting I removed him. On May 16th I found a second nest containing four Ruddy’s eggs; I then came to the conclusion that I had been trying to breed from two hens, so having an odd cock from a pair, the hen of which had died, I turned him in with the two hens; he immediately began to disport him- 122 My Birds ana their Doings. self, before one of the hens, cutting the most extraordinary antics dropping his wings and tail, and uttering the most peculiar sounds, and at last I felt hopeful, that if the hen would only lay again, of raising some young Ruddy-shoulders. Now, however, a pair of Saffron Finches came on the scene and, having selected a nest box, they built and laid one egg, but being rather busy at the time I did not look again until the 26th, when, to my astonishment, I found the Saffrons sitting on three Ruddy-shouldered’s and two Silky’s eggs, her own having vanished ; four of these eggs proved fertile, and the first hatched on June Ist, two more on the 2nd, and the last on the 3rd, but whether the Saffrons could not find suitable food for their adopted children or not I cannot say, anyway, sad to relate, on the 4th three died, and on the 5th the remaining one followed suit, none of them having been fed. The Ruddy’s next attemipt was discovered on the 26th of May, the nest being built between the boards of a shed and con- taining three Ruddy’s and two Silky’s eggs; these all hatched on the rith and 12th of June, but only lived two days. On the 17th of June yet another nest was built, this one being lined with mud and then hay, placed among some branches covered with hops. The first egg was laid on the roth and the second on the 20th of June. In the meantime the Silkies had not beenidle, as on June 8th one egg was laid in a Thrushes’ nest and promptly thrown out; on the 4th an egg was laid in the nest of a GREEN CARDINAL, the latter hatched on June 16th, giving an incubation of twelve days. Since its birth two GREEN CARDINALS have been hatched in the same nest; when seven days old they were all found dead, most probably owing to the heavy rains and cold winds which have predominated of late. PURPLE-CAPPED LORIES (Lovius domicella). These are now enjoying semi-liberty, having a spacious aviary entirely to themselves, in the hope of inducing them to breed. Two eggs were laid in a log, while they were in the birdroom enclosure, but these were eaten. The cock I am convinced was the culprit, for the hen sat steadily for more than a week after the eggs had disappeared. When not brooding both birds are so tame that they can be allowed their freedom out of doors without risk, but My Birds of Paradise. 123 when nesting they become really savage, especially the hen, They are most interesting, entertaining and beautiful birds (see plate). ARIEL Toucans (Rhamphastos ariel). Since I have put these out of doors in a large aviary to themselves they have much improved. A large rotten log has been fixed up for them in the hope that they will nest; they always sleep in the log. Visitors admire these birds more than any others of my large avian family; they are very funny with their quaint antics, and are really interesting to watch as they disport themselves among the branches of their enclosure. After a flight they alight with quite a thud, crane out their necks and utter their harsh bray; at other times they sit almost statue-like (see plate). (To be continued). My Birds of Paradise. By E. J. Brook. The Editor’s notes on the new aviaries for Paradise Birds at the London Zoo remind me that I am under promise to him to write something for Bzvd Notes on my collection of Birds of Paradise. I notice that Mr. Page rather regrets* that the new aviaries were not made larger. I am afraid if he saw mine he would think them far too small, as I think the compartments are con- siderably smaller than those provided in London. The aviaries of my Paradise Birds consist of an inner house with service passage at back. This house measures 6ft. by toft. and has a flight 6ft. by 15ft. with plenty of head room. The reasons I did not make these compartments larger were that so many of these birds cannot be trusted with others, even a cock and hen of some of the larger species are not safe together, also, with a large collection, space has to be considered, and, in small aviaries, birds are easier to watch. I am quite satisfied that these birds do not require much heat, but they do require a considerable amount of exercise and fresh air. Another matter I have noticed is the great dislike * I referred principally to the lack of ‘‘headroom.”’—Ep. 124 My Birds of Paradise. many of them have to a very strong light; in fact, to some, I believe a very strong sun is absolutely painful. It will be interesting to see how some of these birds, such as the Raggiana, get on with a mixed collection of small birds in the same aviary. My own Raggianas g and 2? I have to keep separate, the cocks (and I have had two) seem to be of rather a murderous disposition. The first I had tried to kill the hen and died himself from a wound received during the fight. While all these birds are both insectivorous and frugivorous some are dis- tinctly carnivorous; a Lesser Bird (P. minor) I have will eat nearly as many mice as you like to give him, and one day I found that a Willow Wren had found its way into the aviary, but only the wings were left to tell the tale. It is rather interesting to note how such species as the Kings and Hunstein’s, while in immature plumage, will move about and go into the open much more freely than when in full feather. Iconclude that the reason for this is that while in the sober brown of immaturity they are inconspicuous in any light; as soon as they have assumed adult plumage their bright colour- ing is only a protection if they keep quite still, and then they are just like the end of a shaft of sunlight penetrating high leafy trees. I have not found the Paradise Birds particularly difficult to keep in health. I have ten species, and in two years I have lost eight birds; one died from enlarged liver, possibly the result of over feeding, another caught cold, and all the rest from accident or tape worm, the parasite probably being in the bird before it left its native country. Many of the birds seem rather particular in their choice of fruit; all except the Addertisz will eat sweet orange, some even eating the skin, many will not eat sweet water grapes freely, the whole grape is too large to swallow, and a cut up one seems to be a bad shape to swallow whole. The sort of fruits they all appreciate are such berries as privet, elder, rowan, and anew American berry called Wonderberry ; these latter will, I think, be most useful, they are easily grown, and with a little management, the seeds can be sown at a time that will produce fruit when most required, Nearly all the Paradise Birds show a considerable amount Band. Notes: Ss Mie D’Albertis’ Bird of Paradise (Dvefanornis albertist) x i From The Cambridge Natural History (Vol. 1X., Birds.) By permisston of the Publishers, Macmillan and Co., Ltd. Wiecl IW Oteee S SS SSSR KZ Z s : os > SS SSS Drawn from life by H. Goodchild. I.esser Bird of Paradise (Paradisea minor). The Birds of Gambia. 125 “of intelligence and soon get very tame, the latter quality requires close watching, as the larger birds are apt to show their affection by a free use of their powerful beaks, and a blow on the face from the long hard beak of a ‘‘ Twelve-wired Bird” might be dangerous and is certainly painful. What the owners of Birds of Paradise are all looking for is, of course, the successful rearing of one of the various species in captivity. Ido not see why these birds should not breed in captivity given suitable surroundings, but my idea is that the whole of the aviary that they are expected to breed in must be under cover, and in this aviary there must bea thicket of growing plants. I propose making an attempt on these lines with a pair of Kings, both young birds that have moulted together, the cock now coming into full adult plumage for the first time. My collection consists of the following species :— Count Raggi’s (I pair), Red (1 ¢), Lesser (1 ¢), Twelve-wired (I ¢), King (2 pairs), Hunstein’s (I pair young, I pair mature), Lawe’s Six- plumed (1g and 2 ?), Superb (I young ¢), D’Albertis’ (I ¢ young?) aud Violet and Blue Manucode (1 pair). The Birds of Gambia. By E. Hopxinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. (Continued from page 94). ORIOLIDAR. Oriolus galbula. GOLDEN ORIOLE. Range. Nearly the whole of Africa. Occurs in Senegambia. (S/.) O. awatus. AFRICAN GOLDEN ORIOLE. Range. West, East and North-east Africa. (S/.) Golden Orioles are common in Gambia, where, I think, both of the above species occur. ‘he main difference between the two is that in the first the black loral band only extends from the beak as far as the anterior border of the eye, while in the latter this band extends through the eye towards the ear-coverts. The males are beautiful birds, bright yellow, set off by black wings and tail; the hens and young are olive with blackish wings and tail. The young take at least two years to get their full colour. In May it is quite common to see two birds, nearly all olive-coloured with but a few yellow patches, courting one another and obviously preparing to nest, They are particularly fond of the more wooded parts of the country; during the dry season are generally seen singly, but just before the rains, 126 The Birds of Gambia. when their numbers are considerably increased, one finds them in small parties or pairs, travelling about the forest and feeding on the larger fruit- bearing trees. Their note is a flute-like whistle. hey nest in the upper branches of tall trees. Native names: Katchaba (Mandingo); Ndukh and Katcha-Katcha (Joloff). ALAUDIDAS. There is but one species of Lark common in Gambia; this is Galerila senegalensis. SENEGAL CRESTED LARK. This species ranges from the Mediterranean to the Niger and Somali- land, and eastwards to China. (SA.) In the Gambia it is a common resident, but more often seen from about September to March, then during the other half of the year. It is particularly common on the road and flats near the sea at Bathurst. It is rather smaller than a Skylark and has a more noticeable crest, but its general markings are much the same as that bird. It never soars, and has no song to speak of, but is found in pairs or small parties, running about the ground and taking short flights from place to place. Pyrrhulauda melanocephala. WHITE-SHOULDERED SPARROW-LARK. Is described as ranging from Senegambia to the Niger and East to Khartoum, probably also occurs in the Gambia, as there are specimens in the British Museum from Senegambia and the Casamance, the two inme- diately adjoining counties to the north and south of us. However I have as yet never met with the bird here. MOTACILLIDA. WAGTAILS AND PIPITS. Anthus gould. Range. West Africa. The species is, I presume, the common Pipit of the Gambia. A pair shot (28/11/06) agreed well with the Catalogue’s description of A. gouldz. They are everywhere common; plain-coloured little birds, which any day miay be seen running about the fields or the edges of the swamp. They have a short song, which is delivered from the ground on the slight elevation of a tussock or small ant-heap. In the winter they collect in small parties, associating with Wagtails, and haunt the old corn-fields, When disturbed they take short flights, only to return as soon as possible to the point from which they were driven. Mandingo name: Jattolingo; one of the many small birds to which this name applies. Anthus trivialis. AVIS, IOVCAIEe Ranges from Europe to India and Africa. In May, 1907, I saw at close range a single Pipit in Bathurst, which I am almost sure was this Pipit; it certainly was not one of the common Pipits of the up-country (gou/di). There is one specimen of the Tree Pipit in the British Museum from Daka, the capital of Senegal, which is only 70 miles to the North of us. Nesting of Blackcaps and Snow Bunting. 127 Anthus campestris. TAWNY PIPIYT. Range. Europe; Asia; southward to the Gambia and Somaliland. (Sh.) I have never to my knowledge seen this species in the Gambia. Macronyx croceus. YELLOW-THROATED LONG-CLAW. Range. Africa, south from Senegal, etc., avoiding the actual forest. (Sh.) In Gambia.it is locally common, found generally in pairs in the long grass near swamips and rice fields, and is particularly partial to the matted tussocky grass which grows on the saltish soil at the edges of mangrove swanips. It is a beautiful bird, about the size and shape of a Skylark, marked like that bird above, but below having the throat and breast in both sexes a brilliant yellow. The name “Longclaw” is given to it owing to the extreme length of the claws on the hind toes, a Lark-like feature, which must be of service to the bird in facilitating its progress over down-trodden or storm-laid grass. It is generally met with in pairs, and occasionally in family parties of half a dozen; when disturbed, but then not till they are nearly stepped on, they rise like Larks, but never attempt to soar, and drop into the grass again at the first opportunity. I once found a nest, merely a hollow (a hoof-mark) lined with a little grass, which contained four cream- coloured eggs spotted with brown. (To be continued.) Westing of Blackcaps and Snowbunting. By R. SuGerrr. For the first year of their aviary life, some species of British birds do not appear to become thoroughly accustomed to their surroundings ; if, however, one is fortunate enough to keep them in good health through the winter, they will usually make some attempt to reproduce their kind the following spring. I selected a pair of Blackcaps out of several young ones in immature plumage which I caught in August, 1907. They were in the outdoor aviary in the spring and summer of 1908, but although the male often carried pieces of fine hay about, there was no serious nesting that year. I caged them for the winter, and turned them out again in April of the present year. Towards the end of May I noticed both birds carrying nesting material about, and on June 2nd I discovered their half- completed nest. It was situated on the thin horizontal branch of an apple tree, about three feet from the ground, and was 128 Nesting of Blackcaps and Snow Bunting. supported by one or two twigs which were woven into the sides. The nest was fairly well screened with ivy and was strongly built, but of very light material. Both male and female worked on its construction, and it was amusing to see the roundabout way in which they conveyed the material to the nest, always taking cover, as though anxious to avoid the observation of possible enemies. While building they were constantly calling to each other with a low, twittering note. On June 6th, the nest contained three eggs; in the after- noon I saw the male incubating. Incubation was equally shared throughout the day by both sexes; they relieved each other frequently, but never appeared to leave the nest unoccupied for a moment. I was not able to ascertain which of them incubated at night, as I did not care to risk disturbing them at dusk, and the nest was rather difficult to see at a little distance; on one occasion I saw the male on the nest at 7.30 p.m. Little notice was taken of other birds perched near the nest, with the exception of Whitethroats which were savagely driven away. It was not until June 19th, when I saw the female come off to drive away a Whitethroat, that I had another peep into the nest and IJ found that young were hatched, probably that morn- ing, as I could see two unhatched eggs as well as the young ones. This gives thirteen days as the incubation period. The next day all the eggs were hatched, but the chicks appeared to be very weak. On the 21st three were left, on the 22nd one, and the morning after the nest was empty. I suppose the food (gentles and small mealworms), was un- suitable for the nestlings, which died one by one and were thrown out of the nest by the parents. The failure was certainly through no fault of the old birds, for they worked incessantly to provide for their brood. They have built another nest at the top of a thick hedge and have now (June 2gth) probably laid again. * * * A hen Snow Bunting in my aviary, unable to finda suitable place in which to make her nest, laid three eggs in a Pied Wagtail’s Book Notices and Reviews. 129 nest, which the latter had built in a small heap of bricks. After laying her third egg she completely disappeared. This hen, last year, paired with a cock Reed Bunting in another aviary, laid a clutch of eggs and sat for a fortnight ; but the eggs were infertile. In the “ Zoologist” the following references to this species appears :— 1875. p. 4290: Stevenson of Norwich, nest destroyed. a p. 4380: F. Nicholson, Chester, 3 eggs one year, 3 young the next year, but they died in nest. 1887. p. 391: J. E. Harting writes: A pair in Elgin Museum. Female—laid two eggs, but was disturbed and eggs addled. In Mr. St. Quintin’s aviaries, this species has nested on several occasions, but no young have been reared. Early in June of the present year they were again incubating, but at time of going to press result was not to hand. Book Wotices and Reviews. BRITISH BIRDS FOR CAGES, AVIARIES AND EXHIBITION, by Sumner W. Birchley. Sherratt & Hughes, 33, Soho Square, London, W. In two vols., 25/- nett. The books on British Birds are legion, and it would seem that the ground was fully covered, but Mr. S. W. Birchley has given us a very comprehensive and practical treatise of such species as are usually kept in captivity. It runs into two hand- some volumes of over 300 pages each; each species is well- figured on full page half-tone plates; the text well and clearly printed on good paper with wide margins. It is concise, com- prehensive and interesting, each species being dealt with under the following headings :—Description ; Habitation ; Nest and Eggs ; Countryside Notes ; Catching ; Hand-rearing ; Meating-off ; Steadying and General Feeding; Exhibiting and Attractive Qualities. It is a book which we can cordially recommend to all lovers of our native avifauna. By the courtesy of the Publishers we are permitted to reproduce one of the illustrations (Reed Warbler), which with the account of same, reprinted in full, will indicate the character, scope and interest of the work. 130 Book Notices and Reviews. “REED WARBLER. Description of Parent Birds. Length about five and a half inches; bill slender, medium length and straight; head, neck, back and upper tail coverts a warm chest- nut-brown; shading to a lighter hue on the wings; tail light brown ; wing quills dark brown; edged with a paler shade; a pale sulphur streak extends from the gape over the eye; chin and throat}!white ; breast, belly and under tail-coverts buffish- white. Female: very similar indeed to the male, perhaps a shade smaller and paler in back colouring. ‘“‘ Habitation. Generally common in the Southern, West- ern and Midland Counties of England and Wales, on the banks of rivers, lakes and streams where reeds abound. “ Nest and Eggs. The former is almost a work of art, being most ingeniously woven into the stems of reeds, to thus hold it secure in case of storm or flood. It is very deep and cup like in formation, and is composed of dried grass, moss and bents with lining of finer materials. Four eggs are the general number to a clutch, of a greenish-white colour, heavily mottled and spotted with a darkershadeofthesame colour. Time: June and July. “ Countryside Notes. In the tall reed beds at the side of some friendly river the Reed Warbler makes his home, and is seldom seen or heard many many yards away from his little abode, although occasionally he crosses to the other side, think- ing perhaps to find some nice plump grub on yonder reeds, “ He is practically unknown in Scotland and Ireland, but why this should be, other than unsuitable climate, I cannot say, “« Often when I have sat by the river as a disciple of Izaak Walton, his curious little notes have rung out from the reed beds in front of me, when, but for the moving of the reeds, you would never know he was there, for he is for the greater part of his life hid from view, and it is no easy task to get even a glimpse of him, always creeping mouse-like from reed to reed, first head downwards, then holding on to two reeds at once, presently turn- ing almost a somersault from the upper part of the stem to the lower. Constantly, as he moves along, he chatters away with great gusto, as if well pleased with himself and those depending on him. Bird Notes. The Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus stréperus). From British Birds for Cage, Aviary and Exhibition, By permissson of the Publishers. Book Notices and Reviews. 131 ‘Catching. The taking of this birdis a most difficult task. I have only had the luck to catch one in my life, and that was done in rather a simple way. I was having a day’s fishing in the Severn, beyond Tewkesbury, and took three rods with me. It was a glorious day, in fact rather too much so from an angling point of view. I rigged up two of the rods first, and left the third in the case thinking I would see what was going before I used the third. Fishing is, at the best of times, a tame job, and that day it was particularly so, and if it had not been for the bit of life that a Reed Warbler in some reeds close by, added to the quietness of the scene, I should certainly have gone to sleep (like a great many anglers do I believe). However, the little chap kept on chattering to himself, till at last I thought I would see if Icould get him, which, by the way, I should not have done had it not been well on in August and the breeding season over. I went a yard or two down the bank to see what chance there was of securing him. I noticed a gap in the reeds, which were not very wide at that spot, wherea barge or a punt had apparent- ly been standing. It was in this opening that I placed my other rod, with the top joint for about a foot down, nicely laid with lime, which I always carry with me. I baited this by pinning a gentle in the midst, and in less than half an hour the little chap was mine. He was a beautiful specimen, and lived a long time in the cage I constructed on purpose for him. “ Hand Rearing. Do this by all means if you have the good fortune to get hold of a nest of young. Take at nine or ten days, nest and all, and treat the same as recommended in the the case of the ‘Gale.’* “ Meating off, Steadying and General Feeding. Follow out * Too lengthy to reprint herein full . .... having got your prize home, keep them near the kitchen fire (this is within reason), and at night cover thei right over with cotton wool—draughts must be avoided at all costs. Prepare a food of two parts live ants’ eggs (soaked and dried in a towel), hard boiled egg and grated carrot two parts, make into a stiff paste aud feed every hour and half, supplying water from a quill three or four times a day. A plentiful supply of live food must be given during the moult.” 132 Book Notices and Reviews. the instructions given for the Sedge Warbler and your bird will thrive. “Exhibiting. Although the Reed Warbler is but rarely shown, I know of no reason why, but the fact that it is diffi- cult to obtain. A good one should take a lot of stopping if in good feather and condition. In a show specimen you need as large a bird as possible, of a rich colour throughout, markings on the head distinct, the eye streaks prominent and free from breaks. “ Attyactive Qualities. A sweet bird all over is the least that can be said of the Reed Warbler, for he is of graceful shape and most comely in appearance. I have not found him difficult to cater for, and if well fed will often please you with his curious little song in the spring and summer. I made quite a pet of the only one I ever caught, it became remarkably tame and fearless, and always seemed quite at home.” There are also chapters on Common Ailments, The Moult, The Bird Room and Cages, Aviaries and Utensils, with good figures of almost every type of cage required and also in- and outdoor aviaries. It should prove a welcome addition to the bookshelf of every British bird keeper. THE MAKING OF SPECIES, by Messrs. D. Dewar and F. FInn. J. Lane, The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, London, W. 7s. 6d. net. Our esteemed members have produced a book which will charm the thoughtful reader, and direct attention to many un- solved or wrongly solved problems of evolution. It has come to hand too late for review in this issue, but there are several features which may be briefly referred to. They insist and, in the writer’s opinion, rightly so, that : “ natural selection, although a most important factor in evolution, is uot an indispensable one.” “evolution is possible without natural selection.” * “ Stock mixture: two parts best ants’ eggs, one part each of Osborne biscuit and hard boiled egg (fresh), moisten same with a little grated raw carrot, or boiled potato, and serve fresh every morning—about half-a-dozen | mealworms should be given daily—spiders, green caterpillars aud various flies, likewise wasp grubs aud scalded geutles will be appreciated, but do not over-do your bird with insect life one day aud nothing the next.” Editorial. i3 “The real problem, is the cause of variations aud mutations, or in other words, how species originate.” They support their conclusions, by bringing impartially together all available facts bearing upon the subject discussed, but we must leave further remarks till our next issue, To the aviculturist, it will be of great interest, and should set him thinking, if so, he will see many ways, in which by studying his birds, and the keeping of careful notes, he will be able to throw some light upon the intricate, but fascinating problem of evolution. Westrongly recommend all our members interested in the Origin of Species to procure THE MAKING OF SPECIES at once. a Birp News. This isa new bi-monthly magazine, pub- lished by the Avicultural Society of California, edited by F. W. D’ Evelyn, whom many will remember as a former editor of The Condor.’ No. 3 of the first Vol. is to hand, and already there are signs of progress. No.1 consisted of only eight pages; the present issue contains twelve pages of interesting articles and notes. H. L. Sefton continues his article on ‘ Raising Wild Fowl on a Southern Californian Ranch”; ‘‘ Protection of Birds in Japan”; “Raising Californian Valley Quail” (W. N. Dirks) ; “Humming Birds as House Pets”? (Mrs. Emerson-Crowell) ; “Commercial Feather ‘ Breeding ’—Ostrich Farming”; and “The Pekin Nightingale” (Dr. S. R. Jacobs). With such beginnings we may venture to say that the success of the first Avicultural Journal across the Atlantic is assured. We wish the Society (a Society with aims similar to our own) all success and an increasing sphere of usefulness. Lditorial. Live GENTLES: ave they safe for nestlings ? It is a well known fact that these have been looked upon with suspicion by many aviculturists for some time past, and though evidence at present is not by any means conclusive, it would yet appear that there are strong grounds for these suspicions. So far as my experience goes—which certainly is not great, as living in London makes gentle breeding almost an impossibility for me—it leads 134 Editorial. me to the conclusion that providing they have been well scoured, these larvee are a safe article of diet for adult birds of all species, and also for those with young, which feed from the crop, or habitually kill their live food before swallowing; but that for such species as supply such food alive to their young they are unsafe and very probably the cause of the loss of many promising fledgelings. I consider the matter well worth consideration, and hope that those of our members who use these larvee, will record their experience and also take observation of results if they have not already done so. I wish to draw attention to the following facts :—In last issue I recorded the failure of the attempt of my Grey-winged Ouzels to reproduce their kind in captivity. In the interval a second brood has been hatched, one young bird reaching the age of nine days, the other disappeared on the second day; it was very strong and lusty and I had great hopes of its being success- fully reared. Owing to the kindness of our esteemed member, Mr. R. Suggitt, I received a supply of well scoured gentles to assist towards this end; these were supplied to the birds on the evening of the third day, and all went well up to the end of the eighth day, when I formed the conclusion that the nestling was not calling so lustily when feeding time came round, and this was more apparent the next day for I scarcely heard it at all, though I saw the hen bird feed, or attempt to do so, more than once. On the morning of the tenth day, neither of the parents being near the nest, I put my hand in, and finding the fledgeling quite cold, removed it from the nest and found its crop and throat full of live geutles. The parents were most assiduous in feeding their young, and it is quite possible that they fed after the digestive organs had ceased to act from some unknown cause, but the facts are these :—When I examined the body the throat of the fledge- ling was full of live gentles, with their jaws stained red, feeding on the interior of the mouth and throat; as to whether they were the actual cause of death I cannot say, but it seems very probable that such was the case. The Ouzels do not kill their live food before swallowing, except in such cases as large earthworms, and the maggots having been dropped alive into the youngsters throat had crawled Editorial. 135 o back again, as there were none present in the nest, only im the throat of the fledgeling. I have used living gentles before on many occasions, but it has been with such species that either feed from the crop or kill their live food before swallowing, and there has been no harmful effect; neither have I found any ill effects from using these larvee with adult birds, though I did have a Chinese Quail which almost lived on mealworms, all of which he swallowed alive, die somewhat suddenly after a period of screaming: two hours after its death mealworms crawled out from the eye and ear apertures. In response to my enquiries as to his experience with live gentles, Mr. Teschemaker replies as follows :— “‘T have always been rather suspicious of them, because I have found them alive in the crop of nestlings twenty minutes after feeding; still I certainly reared one nest of Virginian Cardinals on gentles alone, and I have hand reared Stone- chats and Ring Ouzels on gentles and an ordinary soft food mixture.” While, as already intimated, the evidence cannot as yet be con- sidered conclusive either one way or the other, yet it appears that it would be a wise precaution to first kill gentles by sudden immersion in boiling water or some other speedy means just before supplying to the birds. I hope very many of our members will respond and place on record their experience on this topic, as such will certainly be profitable, practical and interesting. THE SUCCESSFUL BREEDING OF INSECTIVOROUS SPECIES IN CAPTIVITY: Recently we have seen it stated that the young of such species can be successfully reared without an unlimited supply of live food. So far as my experience goes this is not in accordance with the weight of evidence. Take my recent failures with the Grey-winged Ouzels: in the enclosure they occupied food was in sufficient variety to keep the insectivora, granivora and frugivora in health and vigour, yet this did not suffice, and I failed because my business engagements did not permit me to be on hand every hour to supply live food. The general experience of large aviarists who attempt to breed the insectivora 136 Lditorial. and even the partial insectivora, is that, though the adult birds are quite content with soft food mixtures and a small quantity of live food, they will not feed their young thereon. You can hand rear the young of insectivorous species on artificial food, but the parent birds will not rear their young thereon. Moreover, I ama frequent visitor to the Zoo, and know from conversation with the various keepers, as well as from personal observation, that the young reared in the Gardens have been reared on unlimited live food; and this seems to be the general experience. I hope the above notes will call forth a general response, that many will record their experience and some practical data should be the result. NESTING NoTss: In far away India, our esteemed member Capt. G. A. Perreau, who only returned there last March, is already getting good breeding results. He set out about mid- February on his return journey, after a twelve month’s vacation in this country, with over 130 finches, parrakeets, etc., including such as Firefinches and Cordon Bleus, and landed the whole, with only three losses, in good condition at Bakloh. Surely this amply indicates that Firefinches and Cordon Bleus could be brought over in good condition, if proper attention were paid to feeding and sanitation. Short as the period is since his arrival at Bakloh, Capt. Perreau has young of Zebra,, Ribbon and Bib Finches, Rufous- and Long-tailed Grassfinches, Green and Red Avadavats, while the following are engaged in the duties of incubation: Crimson Finches, Gold-breasted Waxbills, Bengalese, Cordon Bleus; also the following parrakeets: Mealy Rosella, Red-rump, White-eared Conures and Black-cheeked Lovebirds have both eggs and young. Miss M. E. Baker writes me (June 29) she has a nest of MALABAR STARLINGS, seven days old, apparently very strong and vigorous, but they have not been closely examined for fear of causing their parents to forsake them, but they are certainly very lusty judging by the way they call for food. Miss Baker is supplying soft food and an unlimited supply of live insects; there appears to be very good prospect of them being success- Editorial. 137 fully reared as the parent birds are very tame and will take food from the hand, which makes keeping them supplied with live food a much easier matter. Mr. H. W. Mathias also writes (June 29) that he has three young BLACK-CHEEKED LOVEBIRDS (A gapornis nigrigenis) on the wing, they are well feathered, very vigorous, and also tame. Details as to incubation cannot be given, as fear of disturbing the birds kept curiosity in check; however, the whole period covered can be given: they commenced nesting on April 16th and the young left the nest on June 26th, a period of ten weeks. Apart from Canaries and Budgerigars, the only other birds nesting are RuFICAUDAS (Bathilda ruficauda) and a second pair of nzzgrigents, but Stanley Parrakeets (Platycercus icterotis) are about to lay, and Parrot FINCHES (£7ythura psitiacea) are carrying nesting niaterial. Mr. W. E. Teschemaker has RUFOUS-BACKED MANNIKINS on the wing; this I believe to be the first instance of their suc- cessful breeding in the British Isles. Many nests have been lost owing to the cold and damp, among which may be mentioned Red-whiskered Bulbuls, Pekin Robins, Blue Grosbeaks and many others. In many districts it will be only late broods, that will save the season from being one of the worst known from a breed- ing point of view. Just on going to press, we learn that Mr. Teschemaker has young of Blackcaps and Blue Grosbeaks doing well; Jerdon’s Accentors incubating : Black-headed Siskins and Violet Tanagers building ; we can only hope all these will successfully rear their young. In the North things are but little better. Mr. Suggitt writes me that so far he has only had young from Red-headed Finches and Long-tailed Grassfinches. GREEN GLOossy STARLINGS (Lamprocolius chalybeus) : Our esteemed member, Mr. Bush, informs me that this species has bred freely in his aviary and that he was surprised to find the nestling plumage glossy..... We hope to give a detailed account of this most interesting event in our next issue, which I believe to be the first occasion on which this species has reared young in this country. 138 Editorial. Zoo NotsEs: These could be made quite lengthy, but our space is already occupied and a full reference thereto must be left tillnext issue. A young Black Tanager has been reared and is now on the wing in one of the new flights outside the Small Birds’ House. This species was first reared by our esteemed member, Mr. W. EK. Teschemaker, in 1906. The following have also been reared :— Two Australian Rails (Radlus pectoralis) ; fifteen English Partridges ; two Hybrid Pectoral x Rain Quail and one Willow Grouse. Malabar Mynahs have young not yet out of the nest. I also noted quite a number of recent arrivals, all I believe new to the collection. One pair Black-sided Hangnests (Leterus abezlliz). One pair Mexican Hangnests (/eterus parisorune). One pair Mexican Rosefinches, a really charming species ; the general body plumage of the male being rich brown ; frontal band, upper eye streak and rump brilliant crimson. The female is brown above ; pale buffish beneath, with distinct Thrush-like striations. One pair Mexican Siskins. The male is deep black above, with white wing bars; rich sulphur yellow below. The female is dusky-olive above and yellowish, slightly tinged with green below. Two White-backed Lories (Hos fuscata.).. A very hand- some species, too much variegated for word painting—the upper surface is black with a bronzy tinge, varied with patches of subdued mahogany colour and red in various shades to a bright patch of golden-bronze on the front of crown ; the under- surface is lighter and of a brighter hue, crossed and scaled with red, blue and orange. The above two birds are very probably a true pair. Two Black-winged Lories (#os cyanogenys). Distinctly rare, I only know of two others at present in this country, one in the possession of Mr. E, J. Brook, and the other adorns the collection of Mr. O. Millsum, the latter will be figured in colour in a near issue of ‘ Bird Notes” so refrain from further notes here. Apparently a true pair. Editorial. 139 There was also a very handsome Weaver, sent by our esteemed member, Dr. E. O. Hopkinson ; nutmeg brown above, with the throat and breast rich red, and the upper abdomen and sides thickly spotted with white on a black ground. A pair of Grey-winged Ouzels in one of the paddocks opposite the Apes House have hatched out, but the young were unfortunately drowned during the recent heavy rains. MARKING MIGRATING BirDS: We have been requested to draw attention to a scheme for marking migrating birds; we have much pleasure in doing so, and hove all of our members who can will lend their co-operation. “A short while ago a Stork was shot in Rhodesia bearing upon its leg a metal ring, which proved that the bird had been marked in Prussia, when it was a nestling, by the Rossitten Bird Observatory, while more recently a Stork similarly ‘ringed’ in Hungary was shot in the Kalahary Desert. Mr. H. F. Witherby, the Editor of British Birds, is inaugurating in connection with his Magazine a scheme for marking birds in a similar way in this country. It is hoped hy this means to gain a more exact idea of the movements of individual birds than has ever been possible by any other method, and this should not only throw light upon the more general aspects of migration, but it should tell us a great deal that is at present obscure with regard to particular points. For example, while we may know the general distribution of a species in winter and summer, we do not know the extent of the migration of individual birds ; or, indeed, whether in such cases as the Song-Thrush and Robin, certain individuals migrate at all. The movements of sea-birds are very little understood, aud much might be learned from marking a large number. ‘his plan might also tell us what influence age has upon plumage, etc.; where a young bird, whose birthplace is known, breeds; whether individuals return to previous nesting hauuts, and whether pairs come together again in successive breeding seasous. A number of the readers of 4ritish Firds are taking the matter up, and it is expected that a large number of birds of all kinds will be ringed this summer. Therings are extremely light and do not in any way interfere with the bird’s power of flight ; each is stamped ‘ Witherby, High Holborn, London,’ and bears a distinctive numiber, which in the smaller sizes is stamped inside the ring, and it is hoped that anyone into whose hands should fall a bird so marked will send the bird and the ring, or, if this is not possible, then the particulars of the number on the ring, the species of bird, and the locality and date of capture to the address given.” THE GiIzA Zoo: We have received the Annual Report and List of Animals of these well-controlled Gardens. The 140 Editorial. collection is a large and representative one and evidently well housed and cared for. The Director of the Gardens is our esteemed member, Capt. S. S. Flower. We note, that, quite a large number of Mammals were bred, also the following birds have successfully reared young: Zebra Finches, 7 ; Java Sparrows, 6; Dongola Sparrow, 1; Pelicans, 5 including 1 hybrid, probably P. onocrotalus + P. rufescens; Buff-backed Egrets, 5; Barbary Dove, 1; Bocage’s Red-eyed Dove, 1; Egyptian Palm Dove, 6; Dongola Palm Doves, 4; Barred Doves, 5; Egyptian Partridges, 6; Purple Coots, 3. The management are to be congratulated on such results. We hope to note some of the special features of the Report, which is very comprehensive and well illustrated with eight excellent photographic reproductions, in our next issue. IsLE OF WIGHT BEE DISEASE: By request we bring the following to the notice of our readers: The Board of Agriculture and Fisheries desire to warn all bee-keepers that an outbreak of disease, believed to be identical with the Isle of Wight Bee Disease, has occurred in several hives in Buckinghamshire. This disease—which has destroyed almost all the bees in the Island, from which it takes its name—is due to a bacillus closely re- sembling the bacillus of Plague, and no remedy for it is known, It is of the utmost importance, therefore, that bee-keepers should take every precaution to prevent the disease spreading, and they are strongly advised to keep a careful watch for any sign of its appearance. A full description of the disease was published in the Journal of the Board of Agriculture for February, 1909, and bee-keepers who find symptoms of disease corresponding to the description there given should communicate with the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, 4, Whitehall Place, London, S.W. A UNIQUE RARITY: Our esteemed member, Mr. O. Millsum, is the happy possessor of an Orange Pericroctus (Pericroctus flammeus): vide p. 48 of current vol. ERRATA: On page 98, line 5, for Octinops read Ostinops. Bird Notes from Far and Near. 141 Bird Wotes from far and Wear. HumMiINnG Brrps as House Pets (Mrs. Emerson-Crowell, | California). One of the most wonderful of nature’s works is the ' “hummer.” Its breast covered with iridescent plumage; its wings of gauze hovering hither and thither over the bright | blossoms in search of sweets, hidden in the depths of each corolla. When the cup is drained, with a quick dart he is away to other fields of luxury. ! I had often wished to companionize them, and in the spring of 1882 my son and I found a nest of Allen’s Humming Birds (Selasphorus allent), with the young just about ready to fly. I carried them home and fed with moistened sugar...... they were soon taught to thrust in their bills into a glass filled with syrup .... soon they learned to go to their cage and feed them- selves, they were allowed to fly about the rooms through the day, as screeus at the doors and windows prevented their escaping ... very soon they would come to my call and feed from my lips.... I have often seen both making short turns, and not stop until one or other made captive a fly.... When their food was gone they would poise themselves in the air close to my mouth and thrust their bills between my lips, then fly back to their empty cup, then back to my mouth, repeating it until I answered their demands .... they were taught to gather honey from flowers, by putting some scarlet geraniums ina vase on the table, I called my pets, holding out my brush on which they alighted, then placed a drop of syrup in the centre of each blossom, then putting their bills in the drops of sweets, which they sipped greedily, trying each flower hovering in the air as we see them out of doors .... there was no need to repeat the lesson, for whenever flowers were brought into the room there was a gleaning without delay They were very apt in learning and fond of caresses, allow- ing me to stroke them and turning their heads to one side as if listening to my words.... ‘There isa sad ending to this charm- ing little story....when about three mouths old, the smaller and brighter of the two alighted on the head of a friend and remained there till I called it, and as it flew to my lips for sugar, finding none, hastening to its cage; as it was alighting, its 142 Lird Notes from Far and Near. companion who was at the cup, gave it a sharp pick on the head which stunned the little fellow, and it dropped to the floor. I picked it up and placed it on the perch by the food, it would not eat, seemed dazed and died on the following day. The remain- ing one went from room to room, calling most pitifully for its mate, refused to eat, and after the second day it died.... I can- not express how I missed my pets....we had learned so much of their ways and habits, their happy chirpy notes, quick flights, winsome manners, etc., were as a golden ray of sunshine to brighten our every day life of cares, and I am just humane enough to say I missed my little friends and mourned for them, many and many a summer day. From Bird News. We LB: NATURE NOTES—NEW ZEALAND. TEN DAYS ON THE WEST COAST. By James Drummond, F.L,.S., F.Z.S. NESTLING KINGFISHERS: One day, when I was tramping through the forest near Mr. Gates’ house, south of Hokitika, I heard a sound that attracted my attention by its strangeness. It was loud enough to make me stop and listen. It was of a buzzing and wheezing character, and it continued without a break, and in the same monotonous tone, like the chorus of the cicada. Peet ogi Tracing the sound for about ten feet, I came to the decayed stump of an old white pine, riddled and rotted with the operations of the borer. The stump still stood upright, but the elements had claimed so much of it that only fifteen or twelve feet were left. The sound came from inside the stump, about half-way up itslength. Drawing nearer, I saw a hole in the side of the trunk. The interior was dark, and the hole seemed to be filled with the sound, I inserted my hand, and withdrew it again with a fluffy, long-beaked, large-headed Kingfisher, which had not yet learnt to fly, but which evidently had a grievance against its parents, as when I took it out into the daylight and subjected it toa careful examination, it kept opening and shutting its bill and giving out its mournful and miserable cry. It did not resent my interference. It took no more notice of me than it would have taken of its parents. It only cried all the time, presumably for food, and voiced its deep-seated grievance Bird Notes from Far and Near. 143 There were four chicks in the nest, but all except the one I handled were as silent as the grave. They were exceedingly ugly. Their plumage gave no promises of the gaudy colors it has assumed by this time, when the adult stage has been reached. It was streaked with white, and the bills seemed to be / so much out of proportion to the bodies that the heads hnng forward, as if they were too heavy to be raised. The nest was unlike the nests of other Kingfishers Ihave seen. Apparently an old hole had been used. It was only a few inches deep in the wood, but it had been hollowed out in order to make one large chamber. There was notunnel. The entrance was straight on to the chamber, which was so small that the chicks were huddled together very uncomfortably. At daybreak next morning I visited the nest, expecting to see the parents, but I saw nothing of them on that occasion or at any other time, although I watched at all times of the day. The condition of the chicks showed that their wants had been carefully attended to, and I came to the conclusion that they must have been fed at night. From the V.Z. Herald. per F. Howe. FANTAILS take advantage of suitable trees near the banks _ of the Mahinapua creek to build their nests and rear their young. I have never seen Fantails in larger numbers than near Hokitika. Both the Black and the Pied species showed themselves at all times of the day. I do not intend to enter just now into the con- troversy that has been carried on in ‘“ Magister’s” column in the Otago Daily Times as to whether the Black and the Pied are two true species, but I was impressed with that fact that I never saw two black or two pied fantails together; the pair always consisted of a representation of each colour. Nature, as a rule, is very fair in her gifts. Sheseldom gives many in one direction. This seems to account for the fact that although the Fantail’s appearance and manner are charming, itis utterly devoid of song and has a rather unpleasant squeaking note, in which there is absolutely no music. There is no native bird that has the same pretty little flight. It alights silently on a bough or a twig, opens and shuts its fanlike tail, turns round several times, and then takes a short but remarkably rapid dive into the air, and up it comes again, to light once more on its bough and show off its 144 The Month's Arrivals. handsome tail. Its habit of drooping its wings when it spreads its tail adds toits appearance. It occasionally hangs on its bough for a second, with its head downward, like the whitehead of the North Island, before it dives into the air. It is never ungraceful, never intrusive, never wearisome, and never unwelcomie to those who go into the forests for either business or pleasure. From the N.Z. Herald. per F. Howe. The Brown Creeper, a bird about the size of the sparrow and witha costume as plain and sober, is very plentiful in the Hokitika district. It is seldom seen except in large flocks, which usually fly amongst the trees on the edges of the forest. From a purely musical point of view the great charmer is the Grey- warbler, which is specially well represented. It is an incon- spicous, plainly-clad, delicate-looking little bird. It illustrates my previous remark in regard to the distribution of Nature’s gifts. There is nothing attractive in its appearance, but it has surpassing musical talent. The silvery notes of its song are not loud—they might lose in quality if they were—but they are so clear that they travel for a long distance. Sometimes the song comes from an invisible bird up in the trees. A few minutes later a rustling in the leaves shows that the singer has come nearer, and its grey body is seen. It may stay for five or even ten minutes. It is then lost sight of, and the plaintive notes are heard fifty or sixty yards away coming down from the pine-tree tops. From the V.Z. Herald. per F. Howe. The Month’s Arrivals. THE VERDITER FLYCATCHER (Stoparola melanops). Just a bare notice was given this interesting arrival in our last issue. Flycatchers are perhaps not easy birds to keep in captivity: they need careful feeding, roomy quarters and watchful attention, at any rate till they are established, but seeing that they are found in such parts of India, where the climatic conditions are very near akin to those of England, there should be no difficulty in keeping them in finest condition during the summer months, in an outdoor aviary, where their flycatching propensities would reveal, in allits fulness, their marvellous beauty. There would also be a strong probability of their breeding, if the aviary provided suitable cover. The Month's Arrivals. 145 It is impossible to paint, in a few brief words, a picture of this ex- quisite species, neither can a full description be given in this column; it must suffice to say that they have passed into the possession of our esteemed members Mr. and Mrs. Miller. Mr. Miller kindly sends me the following brief notes :— “They are really not in good enough plumage to state what their “true colours and markings are, and will not be so until they have moulted. “Tn size and build they are about 4} to 5 inches long, slight, and well “set up. “The beak is short, with a wide base, having a few black hairs grow- “ing round it, and reminds one of a Barbet in this respect, as does also the “form of the head. “The colour of the male is of a greenish blue, much the same shade “as the Blue Sugar-bird (Dacnis cayana), witha dark eye patch and dark “markings on the wings. “The female is a paler shade, the breast feathers having a shimmer of “silver; the wing markings are similar to those of the male; but she has “no, or a very slight, dark eye patch. It is difficult to describe the colours “Cas they vary so according to the angle of light from which they are “viewed. ““They are very tame and were so from the first, taking food from the “hand, the hen will allow my wife to pick her up. “We have been feeding them so far on Galloway’s mixture ‘ Life,’ “‘adding some live ants’ eggs thereto, also a few small mealwormis. As the “male bird is inclined to bully his mate we have caged them separately.” Flycatchers are never numerous on the market aud are an acquisition of which any aviculturist may well be proud. We dee: A PRIVATE CONSIGNMENT. To the great disappointment of our esteenied members, Messrs. Sutcliffe and Suggitt, their expenditure of time and money has not resulted in the arrival of anything actually new, neither have any Tanagers been landed. After the weeks of expectation this is disappointing indeed, but I expect it is largely due to the fact that ship’s duties and bird collecting do not amalgamate, the former mst be attended to, aud consequently theseries of birds got together is often disappointing, nevertheless some interesting birds are to hand. ‘The list is as follows :— 14 Indigo Buntings (Cyanospiza cyanea) with one exception, all are in immature plumage. 2 Nonpareil Buntings (Cyanospiza civis) ¢ and ¢?. 2 Catbirds (Galeoscoptes carolinensis) $ and ¢?. 1 *Yellow Hangnest (/clerus aanthornis) immature. 4 Parva Finches (Spervmophila parva) 1 $ and3 ¢. I Olive-backed Thrush (species ?) ¢ *Vide plate and ariicle, Bz7d Notes, Vol. VIL., p- 53: 146 Post Mortem Reports. I Mexican Rail. I Parrakeet, imimiature. 2 Cinnanion Teal. I Quail, uot yet identified; this bird was so wild and its plumage so damaged during the voyage to this country that identification is not possible at present. It is a female and fully as large as the Californian Quail, to which species I am inclined to think it belongs. Hearing that the above consignment was expected, I went up to Grimsby for the week end, spending two days with Mr. Suggitt, having a most interesting time, observing his and Mr. Sutcliffe’s aviaries and birds, but these must form another story in a future issue. Unfortunately the con- signment did not get in till late on Sunday night, so that my time for examination of the birds was but brief. The Indigo Buntings—well-known, but very uncommon since the stoppage of the importation of birds from the United States—were a nice healthy looking lot, the conditions of light and the wildness of the birds, on being removed from their travelling cages, made a close examination almost impossible; all immature but one, but I am of the opinion that there are one or two of some other species among them; if this should prove correct, these should be very rare, as all certainly belong to the genus Cyanospiza. Yhe Catbirds (a true pair) are very interesting. The Rey. C. D. Farrar has bred this species iu captivity, and I shall hope to make further comments in our next issue. We ees Mr. HAMLYN among a recent consiguiment, has the following, of which I can only make bare mention: Orange-breasted Toucan, Black and Amber Troupial, Red Oven Bird, Red-crested Tyrant Flycatcher, Yellow- shouldered Meadow Starling, Yellow-breasted Marshbird, Red-bellied Thrush, Mexican Blue Thrush, Great Saltator, Rainbow Bunting, and others. Several of the above are rare, others uncommon, and all are interesting species, but further notes must be deferred till next issue. Wir wlecwkee Post Mortem Reports. (Vide Rules). For replies by post, a fee of 2/6 must be sent; this regulation will not be broken under auy condition. Answered by post: O. Millsum and W. R. Temple. BLACK-CHEEKED LOVEBIRD. (W. J. Lewis). Cause of death, pneumonia. NAPOLEON BisHop. (H.V. Johnson). The cause of death was an enlarged liver. Hen YELLOW WacraIL. (H. V. Johnson). Cause of death, pneumonia. (Continued in Inset). All rights reserved.) AUGUST’, 1909. BIRD NOTES: == THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN’ BIRD CLUB. Wy Birds and their Doings. NESTING AND OTHER NOTES FOR 1909. By H. WILLFORD. (Continued from page 123). Since writing my last notes some little time has elapsed and many birdy events have occurred ; the RUDDY-SHOULDERED CowBIRD hens have both built, laid again and sat steadily, each on three eggs for some time, but neither have succeeded in hatching any young, for which I am inclined to think the weather is largely responsible. No more S1LKy Cowsirp’s eggs have been hatched, and, as I have found occasionally eggs of small birds destroyed, I have now given up further hope of rearing either of these Cowbirds this year, so have entirely cleared the Wilderness Aviary (No. 5 on plan) preparatory to stocking with a few special pairs. I shall have to write this down as my Australian year, owing to the good fortune I have experienced with most of the little Grass-finches. In aviary No. 6, DIAMOND SPARROWS and RUFOUS-TAILS have each a second brood nearly fledged, while from another nest of RUFOUS-TAILS four young have flown, and the old birds have laid again in the old nest; the LonGTaILs also have two more young on the wing, PEACEFUL Dovss have laid, but have actually been driven from their nest by a hen PILEATED FINCH, who is now busy incubating their eggs, becoming so tame that she can be almost touched without taking alarm. In the same bush a pair of CRIMSON-WINGED FINCHES are sitting on three eggs, and not far distant in the long grass of a bank the CHESTNUT-BREASTED FINCHES are, I think, looking forward to the day when their three loud-voiced youngsters will leave the nest. 148 My Birds and their Doings. In aviary No. 7, three young PELZELN’S SAFFRON FINCHES have been out of the nest some weeks, and a second brood of four left the nest July 24th, these birds although of somewhat sombre appearance are beautiful little singers. The only other birds that have succeeded here are a pair of AuRITA Doves, their first egg hatching on July 27th. CINNAMON SPARROWS have gone as far as building, but no eggs have yet been laid. It is with a sad heart I have to record the death of my most robust hen PAINTED FINCH; she laid her first egg on May 16th in a rush nest, and on the three succeeding days completed her clutch of four eggs, on which she took turns with the cock in incubating, but all to no purpose, as on inspection the eggs proved infertile, and so were removed. On the 29th of May the hen laid the first of four more eggs, but incubation again found the eggs clear, so I then removed the cock and replaced him with another that I was fortunate to procure through the kind- ness of one of our members. At first the hen rather resented the introduction of her new mate and took some little time to settle down, but by the 14th July she had apparently forgotten her lost love and was busily engaged with the cock constructing a nest. Their first attempt was rather a failure, it was only supported by a single twig and fortunately collapsed before any eggs were laid; the hen then resumed possession of her old nest in the basket and on the 18th laid her first egg, to be again followed by three others. All seemed to go on well, and on the 24th they were sitting tight, but on the 25th not having seen either cock or hen I had a peep inside the basket only to find the little hen dead on her eggs and the cock close by on a branch bemoaning her loss. This is one of my bitterest disappointments as there is no bird I would sooner have bred than the litthe PAINTED FINCH; this last clutch of eggs proved fertile. MASKED GRASSFINCHES hatched out four young on the 22nd of July, in a nest built at the root of a large thistle, these appear to be doing well in spite of the heavy rain which has predominated of late. Inthe same aviary one pair of CORDON BLEeUS have reared a brood and another pair are incubating; The Birds of Gambia. 149 Common SAFFRON FINCHES are sitting, and a pair of SENEGAL DovEs have reared four young, and are now incubating their third clutch of eggs. In the next aviary a pair of RINGED FINCHES are incubat- ing five eggs in a rush basket. One pair of CuBAN FINCHES built in a large laurel, laying four eggs, white spotted with light brown, and on the top of their nest a pair of Diamond Doves laid and reared one young without appearing to disturb the occupants of the ground floor, but, like so many others this season, all the Cuban’s eggs were infertile. ‘They built a second nest in a bush and the hen is now incubating another clutch of four eggs; they are, I think, quite the most quarrelsome of any of the small birds, and, a pair of Dusky FINCHES got so persecuted by the cock Cuba that the former have had to be removed. A hen CuBa mated to a cock OLIVE FINCH has laid, but again the eggs proved infertile. Two pairs of BLACK-CHEEKED LOVEBIRDS went to nest early in the year, in large cages in the birdroom and were seldom seen for the best part of six weeks. I then thought it advisable to at last inspect the interior of their nests, which consisted solely of spray millet stalks, carried into an apple log; on opening the logs they were both found to contain eggs, with dead chicks in the shell about just due to hatch, and also a second clutch of eggs just laid. Both pairs were then turned out of doors and are now busy incubating. (To be continued). Tbe Birds of Gambia. By EK. Hopxinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. (Continued from page 127). MOTACILLIDA. Motacilla alba. Yhe WAILTE WAGYAIL. Range. Europe and Asia; Africa as far as the Equator from October to May. (Sz%.) Yhis is the common black and white Wagtail of the Gambia. Thev are very numerous in Bathurst fro October to the end of April, and are to be frequently met with further inland during these months, though never in 150 The Birds of Gambia. such large numbers as JZ. flava. An occasional pair 1s often seen after the last date, but they do not breed here. Joloff name, Ntchabet. M. melanope. GREY WAGTAIL. Range. Europe. Migrates to N. Africa; the most southern known range on the west is the Gambia, where Rendall records it as a rare visitant. (SA.) This is the long-tailed, yellow-bodied Wagtail with a grey head and white eyebrow. I think I once saw (March 1907) a single example of the species in Bathurst. M. campestris. YELIOW WAGTAIL. The common summer Yellow Wagtail of England. Range. Europe and the whole of Africa. (Sh.) Occasionally found in the Gambia. (Rendal/.) In March 1906, there were a few particularly bright yellow birds among the flocks of M/. flava in Bathurst, which I thought were MM. campestris, but I caunot be quite sure of this. M. flava. BILUE-HEADED YELLOW WAGYTAIL. Range. Europe and Asia; Africain Winter. (Sh.) This is by far our commonest Wagtail. They arrive in the country about October Ist (the earliest date on which I have noted the presence) and remained in flocks till the end of March, after which, till May when they disappear; they are generally found in pairs only. During the winter in Bathurst they on many days literally swarm on the sands and rough grass- land behind them along the shore, while up-country they haunt the old cornfields and clearings, especially those places whiere the cattle are tied up at night, where flies and other insects are naturally particularly abundant. PARIDA. Parus leucomelas. BI.ACK TIT. Range. North Tropical Africa from 16 N. Lat. to Angola, with a sub-species, ?. gwineensis, a sinall race confined to Senegambia. (S.) This, the only Tit found in Gambia, is a black bird a little smaller than the European Great ‘Tit, with white wing patches which are very conspicuous when the bird flies. It is not common, but is occasionally met with in pairs in or near thickish bush. Parisoma plumbeum. PIUMBEOUS HILL-TIr. Range. Southward from Gambia to Natal. (S/.) A small bird (53 inches in length) with grey upper surface, whitish belly and a black and white tail, which I do not know and therefore do not think I have ever seen here. ZOSTEROPIDA. Zosterops senegalensis. SENEGAL WHITE EYE. Range. Senegambia and Liberia and across the continent between V7 IN. Wateande7) S) Wat. (Sz): Alinivets. ; I51 Of this family the above is the only species found in the Gambia, where however it is distinctly rare. I have only seen them about three times, and then they have been in small parties feeding with other birds on ripe Soto trees, where their actions reminded me forcibly of the Goldcrests, as like them they are particularly fond of hanging and hopping upside down below the twigs, which they are searching for insects among the clusters of the small green fruits of the tree. NECTARINIIDA. Sunbirds are in many places numerous, and from the lovely metallic plumage of many of them, very noticeable, especially so in the gardens at Bathurst, where they flit from shrub to shrub or climb like Tits about the branches, calling to each other continually with short sweet chirps. Four species at least are quite common here, but the others are much rarer, and niany of these I know only from descriptious, though I have doubtless seen some of them without recognising them. Joloff names for all the Sunbirds are Maramluslus, Temtem, Temiteman, Wéf. Hedydipna platura. YELLOW-BREASTED LONGTAILED SUN- BIRD. Range. West Coast from Senegal to Sierra Leone. (Sh). In this species the male is a metallic green bird with a bright yellow breast. In the adult the two central tail feathers are elongated and expanded at their tips, but these are either lost every year, or do not reach full length in the first year, as one often sees the birds with these feathers either absent or only just projecting beyond the rest of the tail. In December, 1904, I have a note, ‘‘Many have lost their long tails,” and again in November, 1905, which would be just after the end of the breeding season, another. ‘“‘ McCarthy Island: many have no long tails now, or only very short ones.’’ The female, as in most species of Sunbird, is a plain coloured bird, a dull brown and white with a faint tinge of yellow below. In Gambia I have never seen this bird in Bathurst, but at McCarthy Island and at other places up the river it is quite comumion. (To be continued). Miunivets. BY) DEWAR ILCiS.) HZ9: Were a beauty competition of the birds of India held I am sure that the Minivets would be well in the running for the first prize. To say this is to bestow high praise, for India teems with beautiful birds. All the colours of the rainbow appear in the bird population of that naturalist’s El Dorado. The greens are represented by the Paroquets, the Chloropses, the Fruit 152 Minivets. Pigeons, the Bee-eaters, and the Barbets; golden yellow by the Orioles, the Ioras, and one of the Grosbeaks; blues by the King- fishers, the Roller, the purple Porphyrio, and some Flycatchers ; metallic hues by the Sunbirds, the Pheasants and the Peafowl. The Minivets sport the reds and the yellows. The cocks of the various species of Pericrocotus display red, each his own especial shade of that colour. Bright scarlet is most in favour, but two species wear crimson, others exhibit deep rose colour, flaming red and orange red respectively. The hens are similarly a study in the various hues of yellow. But I am not going to write a monograph on these airy- fairy little birds. I propose to deal with one species—THE ORANGE MINIVET (Pericrocotus flammeus)—of which one of our members, Mr. O. Millsum, is the fortunate possessor of a speci- men. This species is found in the beautifully wooded Nilgiri Hills and in the luxuriant forests that clothe the hills of Travan- core. I made the acquaintance of this species some five years ago when spending a month’s leave at Coonoor, near Ootaca- mud. The ORANGE MINIVET isa bird about the size of a Sparrow, but much more elegantly proportioned and with a considerably longer tail. The head and back of the cock are black. The wings are black and flame-coloured red, the red being so arranged as to form a band along the wing during flight. The tail feathers are all red save the two median ones which are black. During flight the brilliant red seems to crowd out the black, so that a number of cocks as they flit about amid the foliage look, as Major Roden says, like sparks driven before the wind. In the hen the flaming red colour is replaced by bright yellow. -It is thus evident that ‘‘ orange” is not the correct adjective to apply to this bird. I think that a literal translation of its Latin name —the Flame-Coloured Minivet—would be more appropriate. The cocks and hens seem to vie with one another as to which shall look the most brilliant; so that in this species, at any rate, the sexual dimorphism caunot have any connection with the supposed necessity to the hen of a greater degree of protective colouration. In the Minivets red seems to be a mascu- line attribute and yellow a feminine one. As Mr. Finn and I Minivets. 153 have suggested in Zhe Making of Species, we must look to the principle of the correlation of organs for the explanation of many, if not all, instances of sexual differences in colouring. The beauty of the Minivet is not merely that of colour. The elegance of its slender, well-proportioned form rivals that of the Wagtail. Minivets are veritable Wandering Jews. They seem never to remain for many hours in any one locality, except when nest- ing. They go about in little flocks, which are usually composed of both cocks and hens, sometimes, however, of one or other sex only. They are here to-day and gone to-morrow, so that one never knows when one is going to meet them. During a walk in a Nilgiri wood one always has the pleasure of looking out for these Cardinal Birds as they are sometimes called. The little companies pass from tree to tree, flitting among the leaves, seek- ing for insects, now on the topmost branches where the dainty forms of the birds stand out sharp and clear against the azure sky,—the sky is usually azure in “ The Gorgeous East ’’-—now lost to view amid the denser foliage. Few are the lurking insects that escape the sharp eye of the Minivet. Even an insect on part of the tree where a bird cannot obtain a foothold does not escape, for the Minivet flies up to it, and seizes it while hovering in the air on vibrating wings. Sometimes, in order to reach a tiny victim hidden away on the underside of a leaf, the Minivet will hang by its feet, like a Titmouse, from the slender branch that bears the leaf. At times the Minivet will indulge in a little zig-zag flight among the green branches, and it is on such occasions that the cock utters his feeble, but pleasing little warble. The uest of a pair of Minivets is a work of art. Itisa neat little cup, about three inches in diameter, composed of small twigs and grasses, and covered outside with moss and cob- webs, so that in colour and general appearance the exterior is exactly like the bark of a tree. The little cup is often placed on a bough; if this happens to be a thick one the nest is totally invisible to any person look- ing into the tree in which it is placed. If the branch happens to be a thin one, the nest looks from below like a knot or swelling 154. Minivets. in the branch. Thus, unless one actually sees the Minivet sitting, or climbs the tree, it is practically impossible to locate their nest. It is not difficult to discover the tree in which it is situated because the parent birds make a great commotion at the approach of human beings. I have not seen the eggs of this species, but Oates states that they are pale sea-green marked with pale yellowish brown. %* * * In response to my request Mr. Millsum sends the follow- ing :— “ Our worthy Editor requests me to send him a few notes on one of my latest acquisitions—the Indian Flycatcher. I can only say the notes will be few, I have not had the bird a sufficient length of time to watch its mannerisms or study its habits. At present I cannot definitely give its species*; at first it was supposed to be P. flammeus, but in Gould’s Century of Birds another bird, agreeing very closely with P. flammeus, is shown P. brevirostris, which it undoubtedly is if its tail grows long. At present its tail is broken and so I await results. It isin any case a very rare specimen and one of which Iam proud. When I received it the wing fiights were rough, also the tail, and it was not at all bright or active in its manner. Great care has met with its due reward, for it is to-day cheery and bright, a beautiful bloom is already showing on its plumage, and it is one of the most charming of my pets. He is the first to call me with his sweet call note when he hears my footsteps outside the birdroom ; and when I am about the house, if I imitate his call sufficiently loud for him to hear he never fails to reply. Altogether he isa most charming little chap in his suit of orange-red and blue- black. His sole diet is my own soft food mixture and a few insects. * Just on going to press we are informed that it is P. brevirostris. An Uncommon Acquisition. 155 Hn Uncommon Hequisition. THE PECTORAL TANAGER. (ELuphonia pectoralis). JEy7 0, Isl, Jel uoynayig, Seeing an advertisement of this bird, and not knowing the variety I obtained a pair upon approval, and was so taken with the wonderful condition of the plumage of the cock bird and his confiding ways that I immediately decided to purchase. A FORTUNATE RECAPTURE: Within ten minutes of arrival the cock bird escaped, and darted through an open door. Not being blessed with a garden I was in fear that, as is usual with with my escapes, he would at once disappear; but when I went outside I found him clinging toa creeper and in no way alarmed ; he allowed me to walk to within a foot of him before I discovered him, and was perfectly unconcerned. I at once took out the hen bird in a cage, and an additional cage with a banana inside. He flitted continually from place to place, at times getting out of sight, but always returning either to the creeper or aviary; eventually he went into the cage and was recaptured. Immediately the cage door is opened he comes down, and is with difficulty kept inside; bathes continually, hence no doubt his wonderful condition. He is quite fearless, aud constantly sings a very scrappy song, ending with one or two snaps of the beak. In size, he is rather larger than the Violet Tanager, and decidedly more slimly built; shape somewhat curved. Bill black, with slate-coloured base; legs and feet black. Plumage, abso- lutely sleek and glossy throughout. Head, rich dark navy blue; back and upper parts dark greenish blue; breast, navy blue, sides of breast rich saffron yellow. Abdomen and under tail- coverts rich copper beech, or chestnut, shade. Primaries black, dark bluish edges. Secondaries blue-black, edged with olive. Tail blue-black, the feathers being decidedly soft and pointed. The hen is very similarly coloured to the hen Violet, the under parts being rather more yellow. 156 Book Notices and Reviews. Book Wotices and Reviews. THe MAKING oF SpKcIEs. By D. Dewar and F. FINN. London: JOHN LANE. 7/6 net. In our last issue a brief reference was made to the remark- able (for it is this) book our esteemed members have produced. The views presented are certainly original, and are supported by an array of facts amply proving the authors to be thorough and capable investigators, the said views and facts being pre- sented with a fearlessness very nearly bordering on audacity. Their two-fold purpose in producing this book is clearly stated in the preface: “In the first place we have attempted to place before the general public “‘in simple language a true statement of the present position of biological “science. In the second place we have endeavoured to furnish scientific “men of the day with food for reflection.” This purpose they have certainly achieved, and also have declared in no faltering manner their opinion of the status of present day biology, as the following quotations amply show :— ““We fear this book will come as a rude shock to many scientific men. “. . . . We are endeavouring to save biology in England from com- “mitting suicide, to save it from the hands of those into which it has “fallen. . . . . it is not Darwinism we are attacking, but that which “4s erroneously called Neo-Darwiuism. Neo-Darwinisim is a pathological “growth on Darwinism, which, we fear can be removed only bya surgical “operation.” We are glad to note, that though apologetic for the fre- quency of their quotations from popular writings, they pertinently remark ‘‘ that a popular work is not necessarily inaccurate in tts information” {the italics are ours.—ED. | The following glossary of chapters will indicate the lines of this practical and interesting work. I. Rise and subsequent development of the Theory of Natural Selection. II, Some of the more important objections to it. III. Variation. IV. Hybridism. V. Inheritance. VI. Colouration of Organisms. VII. Sexual Dimorphism. VIII. The Factors of Evolution. The space at our disposal does not permit of anything like as thorough a review as the book deserves, but we must, we fear somewhat disjointedly, briefly indicate some of the conclusions reached. Re Natural Selection.—After an exhaustive consideration Book Notices and Reviews. 157 of objections and facts, the conclusion is reached that few, if any, organisms exist, which do not possess some feature, which this theory utterly fails to explain. They certainly clearly indicate their own leanings, viz., that all species throw off very distinctive variations at greater or less periods, and that upon these variations natural selection acts. Hybridisation and the fertility of hybrids.—Here of course at present only provisional conclusions can be drawn, yet this chapter is one of the most interesting of the whole book. When considering the colouration of organisms Messrs. Dewar and Finn are very definite, almost aggressive (72 the writers opinion, rightly so) as to the superiority. of the theories or conclusions drawn from Field and Forest observations, over the emanations from study and museum. It certainly must be obvious that the dead body can reveal little beyond osteological and general anatomical data, and that other deductions drawn therefrom are limited indeed as factors of biological research. Again I must express the regret that our space does not permit of the review we fain would give, but we must quote the pertinent (foraviculturists) paragraphs with which they conclude their book: “The real makers of species are the inherent properties of protoplasm “and the laws of variation and heredity. These determine the nature of ‘the organism; natural selection and the like factors merely decide for ‘each particular organism whether it shall survive and give rise to a ““ species. ““The way in which Natural Selection does its work is comparatively ‘easy to understand. But this is only the fringe of the territory which “we call evolution. We seem to be tolerably near a solution of the “problem of the causes of the swsvival of any particular imitation. ‘This, ““however is merely a side issue. ‘he real problem is the causes of ‘variations and mutations, or, in other words, how species oviginale. At “present our knowledge of the causes of variation and mutation is prac- “tically 277. We do not even know along what particular lines mutations “follow. We have yet to discover whether one mutation invariably leads “to another along the same lines—in other words, whether mutating “organisms behave as though they had behind them a force acting ina “definite direction. The solution of these problems seems afar off. ‘The “hope of solving them lies, not in the speculations in which biologists of “to-day are so fond of indulging, but in observation and experiment, “especially the last. 158 Book Notices and Reviews. “* The future of biology is largely in the hands of the practical breeder.” [The italics are ours.—ED.] There will be a large divergence of opinion on the con- clusions reached, many of which are however supported by field notes (these form one of the most valuable features of the work), much avicultural data also apparently tends in the same direction, and we opine that the future will be more fruitful in this direc- tion than in the past. Though in accord with much that it expresses we consider the preface needlessly irritating in its phraseology and calculated to hinder with some an unprejudiced reading of the book. We strongly urge our members to procure this intensely interesting book and venture to prophecy that it will set its thoughtful readers observing and experimenting along new lines, in such case much interesting data should result. BRITISH BirRDS: August issue is to hand, and contains a truly photographic supplement of photos by Miss E. L. Turner, all of which were taken in a very brief period. They are as follows :— III. Water Rail: Running to the Nest. IV. i ee Chipping the Shell to assist the chick. We *5 5 Brooding. VI. 5 50 Removing first chick. VII. A a Removing second chick. VIII 6 55 Removing third chick, still in the shell. IDX 5 5 Removing fourth chick in the shell. X. oo . Removing addled egg. These birds were under constant observation, and in spite of every precaution had been much disturbed, as the following quotation shows :— “As arule the Water-Rail is one of the most wary of sitters—more keenly “alert and sensitive to the slighest sound than any bird I know; but on “this occasion she more than once allowed me to change my plate with- “out disturbing herself in the slightest. The nervous anxiety she did “display was purely maternal; wrapt in her own meditation, she seemed “lost to outside influences. ca “T asked Vincent (the keeper) to examine the eggs and report pro- “gress. ‘lwo of the young were out, and he removed the broken shells. “Then the excitement began. ‘The female returned, stood on tip-toe, ““ peeped into the nest, and quick as thought seized one youngster by the Book Notices and Reviews. 159 “neck and carried him off. So rapid and unexpected was this manceuvre “that I had barely time to secure my picture (Plate VI.), but the attitude “in which she is caught shows to advantage the real elegance of the “ Water-Rail, for on the nest she fluffs herself out and looks twice her “‘natural size, whereas she is really slim and dainty. No sooner had I “changed miy plate than she was back again, and this time seized the “second unfortunate and bedraggled-looking chick by the head, and ““whisked him off (Plate VII.). She then returned for the third, not yet “out of the shell, aud seizing him by the shoulder removed him shell ‘and all (Plate VIII.), and the fourth also in like manner (Plate IX.). “There remained only one addled egg, but though this formed a very “difficult task, after several unsuccessful efforts she succeeded in getting “a firm grasp of it (Plate X.), and disappeared. All these five photographs “‘were taken in less than ten minutes. “After this the bird returned twice and just peeped into the nest, *‘and, thus apparently satisfied as to its emptiness, we saw her no more. “We diligently searched the reeds for the missing birds, but found “only theaddled egg, some eight feet away, and one half-fledged chick, “that must have been in the water many hours, evidently one of those “removed from the nest on the 27th. We replaced the egg, covered up “the nest and went away, hoping that, like the Great Crested Grebe and ‘Coot, the Water-Rail would bring back her young to the old homie fora ‘day or two; but on the 29th the nest was wet ana cold, evidently there “had been no return; and though we made a long search in its vicinity, ‘no trace of the birds, old or young, could be found. “T can give no explanation of the cause of this behaviour on the part “of my Water-Rail, and do not know whether it is ordinary or extra- “ordinary ; the fact that two young ones disappeared before the 28th “seems to show that these birds are in the habit of removing their newly- “hatched or partly-fledged young. . . . Perhaps another season, by “carefully watching and not attempting to photograph the Water-Rail, “some further light may be thrown upon this very interesting point.” We do not know of any such habit having been previously noted. The photos are certainly unique. There is also an intensely interesting paper by F. J. Stubbs on “Red Grouse, Heather and Crowberry,” which is worth careful reading and further observation on same lines, as it may probably be a step toward the elucidation of the cause of Grouse Disease. Other interesting Notes and Records complete one of the most important numbers yet issued of this interesting and re- liable Magazine. British Birds: Witherby & Co. Monthly, 1/- net. 160 Editorial. A List OF THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS OF THE WORLD. By Capt. S. Flower. This List appeared first in the Zoologist for May, I9g09. It is very comprehensive, interesting, practical, and will undoubtedly be much used for reference. In most instances the name of the Gardens, management and Superintendent are given. It is illustrated with two good photos of views in the Giza Zoological Gardens, of which the author (our esteemed member) is Director. Loditorial. THE NESTING OF GREY-WINGED OUZELS: At the third attempt my pair of this species has successfully reared two strong young birds, which as I write this are enjoying their initial flights. I am of the opinion that this is the first time they have been successfully reared in captivity, though probably Mr. H. D. Astley may have scored over me by a day ortwo. The Zoo, Mr. H. D. Astley and myself all procured pairs from Capt. G. A. Perreau last summer, all three pairs have made several abortive attempts this season, but as regards actual success I think I am ahead of the Zoo, but do not know at time of writing how Mr. Astley has fared with the species. I shall hope to give a full account in next issue.* NEsTING Nores: Better results are coming in from members at present, though disappointments are still very numerous, owing to the inclement weather and heavy rains. Mr. W. E. Teschemaker has successfully reared Blue Grosbeaks, Rufous-backed Mannikins, Jerdon’s Accentors and Blackcaps, all, I believe, for the first time in this country; also the Sul- phury Seedeater, and has young broods of Grey-headed Sparrows and Giant Whydahs. Mr. R. Suggitt has also bred the Blackcaps, two strong voung birds being on the wing about a fortnight later than Mr. Teschemaker’s. ‘These were reared entirely on live gentles, but since they have been on the wing have been fed on fruit also. * Just on going to press we learn that the Zoo has also bred this species, two young left the nest on August the 4th, two days later than my pair of fledgelings. Mr. Astley has had no success with his pair, which nested aud laid but did not hatch out. Editorial. 161 Mr. Mathias is also getting fair results; he sends me the following characteristic post card (I wish many more members would do likewise). “30/7/09. J.atest Bulletin ! “White Java Sparrow.. 7 eggs = 7 Birds (just hatched). “* Canaries es 50 Al op Aas (2 dead). “Diamond Doves ae 2 , = Nil (dead in shell). “Ruficaudas .. us Young birds in nest. ““ Long-tail Grassfinches Sitting. “* Blue-wing Lovebirds.. 4 eggs I young (out to-day) ! “‘ Black-cheek Lovebirds (No. I pair) 4 eggs Sitting (already reared one brood). e “a 5 (No. 2 pair) ? ,, 2 young birds fully reared (probably more). ce A a (No. 3 pair) No present signs of nesting.” So far Mr. Mathias’ Stanley and Pennant Parrakeets have not nested, though the latter are showing indications of doing so; he has young Budgerigars galore—his success with the Passerine Parrakeets (Blue-wing Lovebirds) is distinctly uncommon. Miss M. E. Baker writes me that her young Malabar Mynahs are now quite independent of their parents; it will be remembered that in 1907 Miss Baker came just short of success with the same pair of birds, though the Zoo have bred this species more than once and have young in one of the aviaries at the present time, their nesting in captivity is very uncommon. Mr. Suggitt also has a pair of Indigo Buntings (C. cyanea) busily incubating, one of the pairs quite recently imported. The species has been bred before in this country. Mr. EK. J. Brook has a young Black Lory (C. afer), which is doing well and promises to be fully reared; if so this will be the first record not merely of this species, but of a true Lory having been reared in captivity. We certainly hope it will be fully reared and tender Mr. Brook our warmest anticipatory congratulations. All the above members are promising fuller notes, for a near issue, which should prove of great interest. THE PRESERVATION OF RARE SPECIES OF Birds: Our esteemed member, Mr. W. J. Lewis, sends me the following cutting, which I am sure will meet with the approval of all our members. “The Australian Government has informed Mr James Buckland that 162 Editorial. a Customs proclamation has been issued prohibiting the importation into the Commonwealth from the territory of Papua of Birds of Paradise, Goura Pigeons and Ospreys, ‘or of the ‘skins, feathers, or plumage of any such bird.’ Importation is allowed when the written consent of a principal Customs officer of Papua has been obtained, but consent is only given when the birds or plumage are for a museum or a purely scientific purpose.” MEXICAN QuaIL (Philortyx fasciatus): A few of this species have recently been on the market; it is very uncommon and not often to be obtained. It is an interesting species, some- what resembling the Californian Quail. The upper surface is olive-brown, washed with rufous on the crown and greyish on the neck and mantle; the lower back, wings and tail are barred and blotched with black and buff; the crest is blackish and tipped with red; the throat and underparts are white, spotted and barred with black on the chest, and the feathers of the sides and flanks have rusty margins. It is an inhabitant of South Mexico. A pair of this fine species have come into the possession of our esteemed member Mr. W. J. Lewis. Zoo Nores: A. Pam, Esq., who during the past two years has donated so many birds to the Society, including many rare species, has still further enriched their collection with the following among others :— 2 pairs Hooded Siskins. 2 Shining Tanagers. 3 Pileated Finches. 3 Blue-winged Tanagers. 2 Talpacoti Doves. 1 All-green Tanager. 2 Brazilian Hangnests. Palm ‘Tanager. I *1 Grey-backed Ouzel. I Blue ‘Tanager. Tt Black-faced Tanager. 1 Black-headed Sugar Bird *3 Flycatchers. 2 pairs Yellow-winged Sugar Birds. The following species have either hatched or reared young ;— 1 Angolan Seed-eater. 2 Malabar Mynahs. I St. Helena Seed-eater, 1 Indian Mynahi (just left nest). 2 Long-tailed Grass Finches. 2 Grey-winged Ouzels (just left nest) 6 Australian Rails. NESTING OF MAGPIE TANAGER: In the aviaries of Mr. H. D. Astley a pair of this species have nested and hatched out one young bird, but, unfortunately, when it was four days old it disappeared from the nest. This is the first occasion on which this species have hatched out in this country. *New to collection. Editorial. 163 AN UNIQUE CONSIGNMENT: Just on going to press we learn that Mr. E. J. Brook has received the following, which have been collected and brought over by our esteemed member, Mr. W. Goodfellow. Mr. Brook informs me that they are all in excellent condition : I pair Bluebirds of P. (vudolpht.) 2 $ 1 3 A. subularis. 3 ¢ 2 & Epimarcus inryert. 1 Young Mountain Cassowary. 3 ¢ 4 ¢ Astrarchia stephanie. 3 Victoria Lories, (Oveopsitiacus grandis) I ¢ Greater Bird of Paradise. 1 pair Wilheliminas Lory. 2 pairs Superb Bird of Paradise. 4 Stella Lories. 3 Fair Lorikeets. I ¢ Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise. 1 Forsten’s Lorikeet. 1 Loria mariae, young. 3 curious Honey Suckers. I pair ? In the Spring of this year, our esteemed member, Mr. and I can therefore only generalize. Millsum, very kindly let me have three pairs of Black Cheeks; of these, two pairs settled down (perhaps they were old stagers), almost at once, but the third pair, after fussing about a good deal, apparently made up their minds that my modest attempt at a ““ Rhodesian Forest” was not to their liking, for they declined to make themselves “at home.” I, therefore, came to the con- 248 Breeding of Passerine Parrakeets, etc. clusion that the hen was a barren bird, and I recently parted with the pair to a friend, who asked me for ‘‘attractive” birds for his aviary, and who did not care whether they were breeders or not. To show the contrariness of the lady, my friend recently informed me that very soon after the arrival of the Black Cheeks they had taken possession of a husk and had started building operations, and I hope that in due time more young Black Cheeks have come into being. Perhaps the ‘‘contrariness” evinced by this pair may explain the disappointment I understand that a good many aviculturists have experienced with their Black Cheeks this season, for it rather points to the fact that for refractory pairs change of quarters may conduce to successful breeding opera- tions. As to my other Black Cheeks. One pair took possession of a cocoa-nut husk the day they arrived, and I jumped to the conclusion they were nesting: but no such thing! They simply made it their place of refuge, and it was not until about a month later that I had the satisfaction of seeing millet heads carried into the husk, and, in due course of time, four youngsters (as like their parents as “two peas”) made their appearance in the aviary. The second pair, after worrying around the rest of the husks, finally took to a large hollow trunk I had cut from an old apple tree. This trunk was placed in a horizontal position on a shelf in the nesting quarters, and the Black Cheeks proceeded to fill up the ez¢ive hollow with millet heads, making therefore an enormous nest. One end of the hollow tree trunk had been stopped up, by nailing a piece of board across it, and, as I shall show later oun, it was at this far end that the actual nest was placed. This pair also produced, as their first effort, four young- sters, so I have every reason to be satisfied with the result of the first round—eight birds from the eight eggs laid. The young birds from both pairs used the husk and log in which they were respectively bred as their ‘‘ home,” and I soon found that pair No. 1 had lined another husk, and that the lady had laid five eggs, from which, in due course, five young made Breeding of Passerine Parrakeets, etc. 249 their appearance (one fell out of the nest and was killed), This pair is nesting again. The second pair (the log nesters) apparently liked their quarters, for very soon after their young were on the wing they both disappeared, and I saw nothing of them for some days, but the young birds continued to go in and out of the log as usual. Becoming anxious, I determined to see if either or both of the old birds had died, and I therefore knocked off the end of the log with a hammer, and there were both the old birds and their four youngsters—azd the hen upon four eggs. It seems extraordinary that birds whichare so very wild in the aviary should be so docile as these were, for if anything is calculated to disturb birds, one would think that knocking out a piece of wood nailed firmly to the end of the log would have done so. In point of fact, although the old cock and the young, finally escaped up the tunnel of the nest and so into the aviary, I had to take the hen off the nest in order to see whether she was crippled or not, and the reward I got for my pains was a very shrewd nip from her powerful beak! I find Black Cheeks decidedly interesting birds to keep, and the way in which they dive into their nesting places is quite comical. They certainly, when disturbed by strangers, shriek a good deal, but the noise is not an unpleasant one, and they take little or no notice of my gardener or myself when we are in the aviary. Black Cheeks are easy to keep (mine feed principally on millet sprays) and, so faras my experience goes, are hardy; but, of course, I do not know what disappointments the writer may have in store, since all my birds are kept in unheated aviaries. For productiveness, Black Cheeks compare quite favourably with Budgerigars, as from my two pairs I have, or had, on the wing, fifteen birds out of sixteen hatched. Both pairs are again upon eggs, and since I notice that egg shells have been carried out to the opening of the log nest, young birds are certainly there, while the ‘‘cocoa-nut huskers”’ will, I have little doubt, add to the aviary population when their eggs are due to hatch. 250 Visits to Members’ Aviaries: Wisits to Members’ Hviaries. By WEsLEY T. PaGsE, F-Z.S. It will be seen that the round of aviaries made during the summer, though not a lengthy one, includes both Southern and Eastern Counties. Mr. SuGcirrs AVIARY AND BIRDROOM. The locality is Cleethorpes, Liucs., and the situation an exposed and bleak one; nevertheless all the birds do well and only those showing dis- conifort from cold, etc., and known delicate species are wintered indoors. The outdoor aviary is a large one, containing plenty of cover, with the usual shelter shed and covered flight attached to the open natural flight... . The accompanying plan (from memory) will indicate the arrangements, as also will the photo illustrate how ample and excellent is the natural cover provided. The photo, if giving but a poor idea of the aviary generally, will indicate what a natural kind of little paradise the birds have to disport themselves in. GROUND PLAN. Mr. SUGGITYT’S AVIARY. A&B. Shelter Sheds. ( Covered portion of flight. D. Grass plot with raised bank at E. F.F.F.F. Privet hedge running whole length of Aviary. G. Thicket of growing trees. H.H.H.H. Gravel Walk. Frequent notes of breeding successes have appeared from time to time under “‘ Editorial Notes,” etc., there is therefore no need to recapitulate here ; nevertheless I must note the laying of Bird Notes. hrush. ked T a s « a ee = dn 0 n u a A The Olive-bac Bird Notes. Interior of Flight—Mr. Suggitt’s Aviaries. x Site of Blackcaps’ Nest. MM. Suggit?s Aviary and Birdroom. 251 a clutch of eggs by the Snow Buntings, successful rearing of Blackcars, and a brood of Indigo Buntings which only came just short of success. . .. . Quite a number of young birds have been reared among the commoner species, such as Red-headed Finches, Long- and Rufous-tailed Grassfinches, and others. The effect of such aviaries as these, also the others to be described in this article, is very fine, and the birds nest and can be studied under almost natural conditions. In this aviary are to be seen foreign and British species ‘*hobnobing” together in comparative amity, and indulging to the full in their natural habits, they however often choose an artificial nesting site, in or on which to construct their nest. I was a delighted observer of the following species as they so disported themselves, and found the two days of my stay all too short for adequate observation :—Red-headed, Aurora, Goul- dian, Pileated, and Slaty-backed Finches; Long- and Rufous- tailed Grassfinches ; Red-whiskered Bulbuls (nesting): perfect specimens of the uncommon Indigo and Nonpareil Buntings; Ruddy Buntings ; Pintailed Nonpareils ; very interesting pair of Carolina Cat Birds; pair of very rare and as yet unidentified Olive-backed Thrushes ; several species of Whydahs in exquisite condition, and having a very fine effect as they soared about with their long caudal plumes streaming behind; Waxbills of all sorts ; Gold Sparrows, Diamond Doves, and Harlequin Quails. Of British species, among others, there were the following :—Cirl, Reed and Snow Buntings; Blackcap Warblers; White-throats ; Lesser Whitethroats; Willow Wrens; Wheatears; Whinchats ; Pied Wagtails; Siskins; Goldfinches; Linnets and Twites. To an enthusiast in aviculture like myself, it was a surfeit of good things; moreover, I was able to study many of the British species named, at closer quarters than had been my privilege for many years. The advantages of such an aviary cannot be overestimated, and, so long as the number of birds is kept down commensurate with the limits of the aviary, a very fine and natural effect will be maintained, but Parrakeets of any kind must not be introduced, or bushes and trees will soon disappear. 252 Visits to Members’ Aviaries: Mr. SUCLIFFE’S AVIARY: (Locality, Grimsby, Lincs.): This consists of a shed 14ft. by 64ft., covered flight raft. by 7ft., and open flight 34ft. by rqft. It runs along one end of a walled- in garden, and is a well sheltered, arranged, and constructed aviary; the flight consists of a gravel walk along front, lawn with border at back, planted with conifersand other evergreen bushes, the back wall being thickly covered with ivy; the shed is a sub- stantial brick structure, well-lighted, and practically filled up with branches, forming a dense thicket, and, considering the admirable arrangements both indoors and out, I cannot help feeling sur- prised that breeding results are not much more numerous than they have been; two causes have mitigated against this, I think, viz., the number of species kept together (not overcrowded though) and the inclement season, of which the Eastern Counties appear to have felt the full effect. I omitted to make notes of nesting birds, merely taking a list of its occupants, and some few months having passed since my visit, I can only call to mind actually seeing young of Green- finches, White Java Sparrows, Long- and Rufous-tailed Grass- finches, but there were nests galore, many of which unfortunately got no farther than eggs. Here, also, there was a penchant for. indigenous species, especially the more uncommon and insecti- vorous species; in fact, they were quite numerous, and were mostly in perfect condition. I was a delighted spectator as I watched many species at close range, of which one only getsa distant view, or merely a passing glimpse, when observing them in their native haunts. However, much as I would like to enlarge upon these, space will only permit me to give a mere list, hoping that at some future time Mr. Sutcliffe wiil write us a paper on the Rarer Softbills in captivity. Mingling with the foreign species, and making the whole most charming and varied, were to be seen: Yellow Wagtails, Hawfinches, Willow Warb- lers, Spotted Flycatchers, Whitethroats and Lesser ditto, Wheat- ears, Whinchats, Bullfinches, Greenfinches (with young), Gold- finches, Linnets, Twites, and several species of Buntings. Of foreign species I noticed the following—the majority of which were in perfect condition, in fact there was scarcely a sorry looking specimen amoug them—Gouldian, Pectoral, Crim- Mr. Willford’s Aviaries. 253 son, Diamond, Chestnut, Red-headed, Zebra, Ribbon, Slaty- backed, Yellow-rumped, Pileated and Parrot Finches; Grey and Green Singing Finches; Masked, Long and Rufous-tailed Grass- finches; Common and Green Avadavats, Waxbills in variety. Indigo and Nonpareil Buntings, these species have been so un- common for many years, (z.¢. since their importation ceased) that it is always a great pleasure to come across as well-coloured specimens, of these exquisite species, as these were. The Tanagers formed an imposing group, flashing to and fro in the sunlight like bejewelled gems, with a brilliance that practically beggars description . . . The species represented were: Superb, Blue, Scarlet, Olive, Archbishop and YTricolour. Nearly all imported species of Mannikins were to be seen, including the Rufous-backed ; several species of Bulbuls were also included in the series (some nesting); Swainson’s Sparrows ; Pelzeln’s Saffron Finches; Spotted Ground and Peaceful Doves; Harlequin and Chinese Painted Quails. While inasmall Birdroom were several well-conditioned birds, such as Amazon Parrot, Pileated and other Parrakeets, Shamah, Hangnests, Black-cheeked Lovebirds, etc. I fear many rare species have passed unnoticed, owing to the excellence of the cover and the shortness of my visit. I may say, in conclusion, that the whole formed a series of some 200 birds ; a collection of which any aviculturist might well be proud. Mr. WILLFORD’S AVIARIES (Havenstreet, I. of W.) A description is not needed here, as photos, plans and “ Notes of Breeding Results” have appeared in the course of the current volume. It was however my first opportunity of seeing the aviaries in summer garb, and the effect was very fine; especially in aviary No.5, which is 50 feet square, a Laurel hedge runs round three sides of the same, relieved with nasturtiums and single white chrysanthemums in flower, while all the standards were clothed with hops in full fruit; the fourth side was a grass bank left to run wild, the whole area of centre of aviary being a well kept lawn, adorned with a fountain and numerous conifer and other evergreen shrubs; the effort being such as can not be adequately described in a word picture, ‘Che amount of insect life im this enclosure was very large; I saw several species of 254 Visits to Members’ Aviaries: butterflies and moths, innumerable flies, and by the captures made by various inmates beetles, earthworms and the like were evidently unlimited. It was in this aviary that I sat almost immovable for fairly long periods on several days, during the course of my visit, and it is scarcely necessary to say that I was intensely interested in watching the demeanour of the various species under what were practically natural conditions ; many of them came almost up to my feet and remained searching about for insects, etc.—words fail me to paint how charming was the picture of many species thus hopping about the grass, slipping up and down and in and out of the hop tendrils and other creepers, all busy, happy, active and apparently without a care; there was business about the method of many of them too, for they were foraging to meet the needs of a family. Under these conditions, I think I have realised for the first time the full beauty of a Lavender Finch, with other birds such as Bichenos, Ringed, Zebra, Cherry, Aurora and Cuban Finches, feeding from a bunch of millet scattered over the grass a few feet away, quite near hand too were fruit and comb containing wasp grubs; how busy round this (and with what fearlessness they went to work), were the lovely Silver-eared Mesias, Blue Grosbeaks, Jerdon’s Accentors, an English Robin and the charming Yellow-bellied Liothrix; how interesting, too, to watch the demeanour of such species under such conditions. From these my eye was distracted to a group of Waxbills, just a little disputing, but all evidently very happy, for there was food and room enough for all; how exquisite they were—Commion and Green Avadavats (the latter with young), Orange-cheek, Zebra and Grey Waxbills, Cordon Bleus, etc., now in the grass, now demolishing the millet spray. I had a comfortable chair and soft cushions, but it was not rest, every sense was exercised, now on the ground, now in the air, some evolution of the bird population was going on. Thus passed before me, besides those already mentioned : Olive and Cuba Finches, Indigo and Black-headed Buntings, Red-headed and Dusky and Saffron Finches; White Java Spar- rows, Diamond Sparrows, Crested Pigeons; Diamond, Passerine and Aurita Doves, and very many others. To vary the experience and stretch the limbs a stroll was Mr. Lewis's Aviaries. 255 taken round the aviary; here on the grass grown bank were the squatting grounds of the Quail Finches, with some of this quaint little species squatting thereon—one passed from bush to bush, almost each one contained a nest with either eggs or young, and some fresh feature of the economy of bird life was revealed, as the busy population pursued their avocation of reproducing their kind. Mr. Willford in his ‘‘ Nesting Notes,” has made it unnecessary for me to go too close into detail, besides want of space cramps my pen and thoughtfulness for my readers prevents further digression. So without further description of my wanderings in the other aviaries and the impressions gathered there, I will merely remark upon one instance which interested me greatly and which I think will be of fairly general interest. In one or two enclosures devoted to Green Budgerigars, I noticed several young and almost self-coloured Yellows. Seeing no adult birds of the Yellow variety about, I made enquiries both of the aviary attendant and Mr. Willford, and found that nearly all Mr. Willford’s stock had been crossed more or less with the Yellow variety, though he has preserved no Yellows this season. I gathered that they had been produced (mostly single birds in a brood) in consecutive broods and from more than one pair. Though I have bred, and inbred them too, also crossing Greens and Yellows, and mating up the progeny, yet I have never had a Yellow produced in my aviary other than from Yellow birds. I shall be much interested in hearing from other members if they have had similar occurrences in their aviaries, and I hope Mr. Willford will catch one or two of them up to see if they have pink eyes, and also inform us to what extent the pure light yellow colouring is retained after the moult. I must reserve other memories of these extensive aviaries and their inmates for stray notes as opportunity offers. % * * Mr. LEwIs’s AVIARIES (Ryde, I. of W.): Here again no description is necessary, as the aviaries were figured and fully described in May issue of current volume. Breeding results here have been very few, and very many aviculturists have fared the same, though this ill luck has not been along well-defined lines, as it has been very variable with aviculturists in the same area— 256 Visit to Members’ Aviaries : suffice it to say, attempts at nesting have been very numerous, actual successes but few—it is very difficult to give a reason for the following causes: young dead in shell, or forsaken by their parents when almost fledged—as variety of food and attention leave nothing to be desired ; the losses through egg binding have also been very numerous ; undoubtedly the weather has played a large part in these failures, and, contrarities in the same area, may possibly be accounted for by the fact that probably some aviaries have come in the full range of the wind and rain storms, etc., while others in the same locality have just escaped, or partially so, the full force of same. Bethis as it may, all the birds, and a numerous and interesting series are represented here, were in excellent fettle and a credit to any aviculturist. As regards some of the individuals I have never seen better specimens of the respective species, notably Crimson and Gouldian Finches, Fire Finches, Cordon Bleus, and the like. A Jist of Mr. Lewis’s birds have already been given, and I was much interested in this second look round ; quite an interesting series of Whydahs are located in these aviaries, some handsome pairs of Parrots and Parrakeets, notably Senegals, Ring-necks, Gold-fronted and others, all in lovely plumage. Of Cardinals, too, there are a goodly array, and though they have not bred, this certainly has not detracted from their appearance. Mr. Lewis, after many failures, had at last got some Harlequin Quails hatched out and doing well; it was possible to observe them closely within the confines of the coop, and most interesting minute creatures they are too,—even within the small compass of the coop, tiiey had to be looked for. There appeared every prospect of them being reared, as there was a good supply of live ants’ larvae near at hand. The interest Mr. Lewis took in his birds, as well as the care he lavishes upon them, was aniply illustrated in the plans which he had matured for their well-being during the inclement winter season; this was very evident as he talked them over with me. 7 a re Mrs. ANNINGSON’S AVIARIES (Cambridge): As regards the Finch Aviary and Parrot House but little more need be said as they were fully dealt with in Vol. VII.; at the same time to Mrs. Anningson’s Aviaries. 257 fully illustrate Mrs. Anningson’s method of closing her aviary up during the winter months I have reprinted an illustration figuring this, which appeared in quite an early volume of our Club journal. This will give a clear indication of the construc- tion of the aviary, and its almost entire lack of what we call natural conditions, a plot of grass, weeds, trees and bushes. The only plant life in the aviary were a few evergreens in large tubs— at the same time the furnishings are admirable and evidently carefully thought out, full of cover as the aviary is, the centre is left free and unobstructed, and yet here, in an aviary quite dis- similar from the orthodox breeding aviary, I met with unexpected results. BREEDING THE RED-COLLARED WHyYDAH (Penthelria ardens). This is the first time that this species has been bred in this country, and our esteemed member is to be congratulated on so unique an event; but I had the satisfaction of getting a glimpse of the young birds, which were very vigorous and strong on the wing, resembling the female parent. The nest, a spherical one, with a sort of porch or lobby entrance, was woven to some branches close under the roof. Unfortunately, until the young were seen, it was not known that they were nesting, and so details as to incubation, etc. cannot be given. However, a close watch is being kept so as to see at what age they assume adult plumage. This success entitles Mrs. Anningson to the Club certificate and medal, BREEDING THE PINTAILED WuHyYDAH (Vidua principalis). This is another first on record, I believe, and equally unique, unless my memory is playing me false; the only regrettable part of these episodes being the entire lack of breeding data, but in each instance it was seeing the young that announced the success, all we can hope to gain from these interesting occurrences is the age and method at and by which they assume adult plumage. Another certificate and medal. All the Weavers appear to have been indefatigable nest builders, as the branch in photo amply illustrates, and I under- stand there is one brood at least of Red-billed Weavers (Quelea quelea) all but fully reared. he year 1909, whatever its weather record may have been, must ever stand out notable as the year in 258 Visits to Members’ Aviaries: which three different species of Whydahs, viz., the Giant, Red- collared, and Pintailed, have been bred for the first time in the British Isles. THE REARING OF HysBrips: With most aviculturists these occur from the chance mating of odd birds of different species ; this has been the case in these aviaries, and as the result two very interesting hybrids have been bred, viz.: (1) WHITE-HEADED MANNIKIN + CuTrHRoAT (Munia maja + Amadina fasciata). (2) NurmEG FincH + BRONZE MANNIKIN (JZunia punctulata + Spermestes cucullata). In each instance a very pretty hybrid is the result. (1) This hybrid has a white back and head, and the other portions of the body marked and coloured like the Cutthroat, but no sign of a crimson collar. (2) The body colour of this hybrid is brown, with a spangled ruff all round the neck and shoulders (very similar in its mark- ings to the breast of the Nutmeg Finch). The above two cases also gain the Club’s certificate. SEXING BANKSIAN CocKaTroos: Mrs. Anningson’s speci- men, the well known and much admired visitor to, and winner at, many shows. It will be remembered that a-few years ago, many of those acquainted with this bird in its native wilds, denied the correctness of the recorded descriptions of the sexes, main- taining that the said descriptions were transposed and affirming erronously that Mrs. Anningson’s well-known and beautifully spangled specimen of many shows was a male; others holding the opposite view, and in October 1908, when I had the pleasure of looking over Mrs. Anningson’s collection of birds, she assured me that, judging by its demeanour, she felt certain it was a male, Other owners of this grand species were of the same opinion. Well! the question has now been settled once for all. Mrs. Anningson informing me, when visiting her on October 23rd of this year, that her bird had laid an egg (2” x 12”), and this morn- ing I received a letter saying that the bird had laid another egg, slightly larger than the first; thus, for those who were in doubt, the plumage question of the sexes is now definitely settled. It may be of interest to state that for a week preceding the “ATAL ‘sSunung Ostpuy jo sunox pur ‘SOLIRIAY §,41183NG ‘SOUVIAY S,UOSSULUUY “SIyAT 1SAN SIdARI\\ ‘SISON “I 9 0704] oe ‘SOHBIAY S,UOSsUIUTY ‘sIfy JO OMT i) uosSsuLuUu BY *tCT XQ oJoud ‘SOION pillg Mrs, Anningson's Aviartes. 259 laying of the egg, the bird went off its food, was mopish, and apparently indisposed. Before passing on, I must make mention of Dr. Anningson’s Magpies and Jay. Never have I seen finer specimens, and when kept under such conditions, many of our well-loved native avifauna do rival for beauty many of their tropical cousins. We reproduce herewith a photo showing two of Mrs. Anningson’s aviaries, which are attached to the house, and, instead of being an eyesore, are an ornament. The photo was taken in coronation year with the house in gala attire. The aviary on the left of the photo is given up to Rosy-faced Love- birds (A gapornis roseicollis) of which Mrs. Auningson has been quite a successful breeder during the several years she has kept this species. The sashes of this aviary are so arranged that, though one is continually open for ventilation, the wind never blows directly into it. It is kept closed at night and during severe weather. THE TANAGERS’ AVIARY: This is an erection of the year, and is the only one of Mrs. Anningson’s aviaries that has not a concrete base, but it is a well-constructed and arranged aviary ; the shed is well lighted, the roof and walls constructed of double boards with several thicknesses of felt between them; it can be closed entirely during severe weather. The flight is planted with Tamarisk and other evergreen bushes, and the ground over- grown with grassand weeds. The following ground plan* and end elevation will indicate its arrangement, etc. better than pages Of text. Here amid all the inclemencies of this summer (a specially trying one for fragile or delicate species) the undermentioned species have disported themselves amid the foliage (often sodden with wet) and have thriven in a surprising way. Here were a lovely pair of Necklace or All Green Tanagers (C. viridis) in exquisite condition and evidently quite happy and contented in their surroundings—I saw them on a recent sunny October morn- ing, following days of pouring wet and raw cold—Mrs. Anningson tells me it is one of the prettiest sights she has ever had under *See next page. 260 Mrs Anningson’s Aviaries. observation, to watch these birds in early mornings searching over the Tamarisk bush for sinall insects, turning over the leaves i eager activity to secure as much of nature’s provision as Cir- cumstances allow; it certainly was most interesting to watch how keen this species and others were to secure all the insect life obtainable. Other dainty creatures were a pair of Yellow- winged Sugar Birds, most certainly looking none the worse for having spent one of our most inclement summers out of doors. Those who are only acquainted with such species in cages would hardly know them amid their natural surroundings, so alert and iat sf OX Q) ie ‘Ss RS Vy » 2 mr) a WY Ke we fx A. Ground Plan. B. End Elevation. full of vivacity and robust health are they. In this enclosure were also to be seen Olive, Violet, Scarlet and Archbishop Tana- gers; Red-vented Bulbul, Gold-fronted Bulbul (C. azazfrons) and a pair of Parrot Finches; the effect of so many gorgeously apparalled birds flitting about together in the sunshine being very fine. * % * I venture to hope the foregoing will be found of interest, and also of some little assistance in planning, furnishing, stock- ing and managing existing or contemplated aviaries. The Birds of Gambia, 261 The Birds of Gambia. By E. Hopxrinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. (Continued from page 217). Malaconotus poliocephalus. GREY-HEADED BUSH-SHRIKE. Range. Senegambia to Cameroons, (4.Z.) A strongly built bird mostly bright olive-green above and yellow beneath, with a blue-grey head sharply demarcated from the green of the back and the yellow of the throat, while the lores are a clear fawn. ‘The beak, which is a powerful one and strongly notched towards the tip, is black, the feet grey and the irides burnt sienna brown. Length about ten inches. These large ‘*Katchabas” are not uncommon throughout the Protectorate and are to be met with all the year round, generally singly or in pairs in the larger trees. In such a position the bird’s colouration makes it extremely difficult to see, even when one hears it’s constantly repeated call-note, a drawn-out sweet, but rather monotonous double whistle, to guide one. The Mandingo names for the bird are Katchaba and Bubu- Kila. ‘The first is also applied to other yellow birds, particularly to the Golden Oriole, for a large edition of which it may well be taken when seen among the branches at some little distance. ‘the second name means ‘* Bubu ”’-caller, and is derived from its note, which to the Mandigo ear at any rate suggests the word “ Bubu.” M. sulphuretpectus. ORANGE-BREASTED BUSH-SHRIKEHE. Range. Senegal to Loaugo, Equatorial Africa. (4.Z.) This is our second ‘*‘ Katchaba ” Shrike, and is much rarer than the above, than which too it is much smaller, being only some seven inches long. ‘The head and face are yellow shading into greenish on the crown, and crossed at the sides by a black moustache-streak, the mantle is grey, the rest of the upper parts olive green ; below it is yellow deepening into orange on the breast. Bill and legs black, iris brown. Young birds are duller in colour and have a white instead of a yellow throat. ‘hey pro- bably only visit Gambia to breed during the rains, at any rate the few occasions on wkich I have come across them have been at that season. PRIONOPIDA. Prionops plumatus. WHITE-PLUMED HELMEY-SHRIKH. Range. Senegambia to Nigeria. (4.ZL.) A black and white bird, about the size of a Starling, with a long white crest and a circular pale yellow wattle round the eye. ‘hey are very common in the Gambia, where one meets with them in small flocks of 12 to 20 flitting (this word exactly expresses their movements) from bush to bush generally moving in a straight line across country. ‘They search every part of the bush they are on for caterpillars aud other insects, aud then one leaves for the next bush or tree, where it will be soon joined by its com- 262 The Birds of Gambia. panions, which follow one by one, chattering and calling to one another as they go, the last to leave generally making more noise and fuss than the others, as if calling to them not to leave him behind. ‘hey must breed quite early in the year, as I have had a young bird nearly fully feathered brought to me in April. Their Mandingo name is ‘ Allala-Nansingo ”’ (Allah’s little boy), aud it is considered by the Mahomadan blacks very wrong and unlucky to kill one of these birds. CAMPEPHAGIDZE. Three species belonging to this family should be found in the Gambia, although I have so far to my knowledge never seen one of them. Their characteristic feature is the stiffening of the shafts of their rump feathers and general looseness of the plumage elsewhere. ‘The bill hooked at the tip, is comparatively small and weak in Campephaga, stronger in Graucalus. ‘Yheir food consists of caterpillars and various insects. Campephaga phoenicea. CRIMSON - SHOULDERED CUCKOO- SHRIKE. i Rauge. West and North-East Africa, Uganda. (4.ZL.) In this species the male is glossy Blue-black with crimson shoulder- patches, the female brown above barred with black, white spotted with black below. Length eight inches. C. xanthornoides. Range. North-East and West Africa. (/4.Z.) Resembles phoenicea, but has yellow shoulder-patches. Graucalus pectoralis. BLACK-CHESTED CUCKOO-SHRIKE. Range. ‘Tropical Africa. (4#.Z.) This bird is considerably larger than those of the preceding genus, being 93 inches long. It is light grey above, a very pale grey below, with a blackish throat and chest. It is said to much resemble a Cuckoo when seen flying. CRATEROPODIDA. Hypergerus atriceps. ORIOLE BABBLER. Range. Senegambia to Nigeria. (/7.Z.) A small bird about 7} inches long with olive-green upper parts, yellow under surface and a black head, each feather of which is margined with white, so that a scaly appearance results. The bill is black, the legs dull yellow, the irides brown. ‘These Babblers are not very commion in the Gambia, but are, I think, resident all the year round. Whenever I have met with them they have been in pairs in the moderately thick bush which usually borders the Mangrove swamps. I had known the bird long before I was able toidentify it from one of a pair shot at Essau in June, 1907, and till then had always called them in my own mind “ Olive Bulbuls,” as in their actions and ways they are most Bulbul-like. The Birds of Gambia. 263 Crateropus platycercus. BROAD-TAILED BABBLER. Range. Senegambia to Gold Coast. (4.Z.) C. reinwardti. BI,ACK-CROWNED BABBLER. Range. Senegambia to Gold Coast. (4.ZL.) C. atripennis. BLACK-WINGED BABBLER. Range. Senegambia. (A.Z.) C. leucocephalus Range. N.E. Africa; Senegambia. (A.Z.) These four Babblers are probably all found in the Gambia, but only the first two are common; of the third I think I have once seen a small party, but the last I do not know at all. The two first, platycercus and rveixwardti are common throughout the Protectorate from the outskirts of Bathurst right up the river. Both species are very social in their habits and go about in parties of about a dozen. In June, 1907, I shot a specimen of each, which I was able to identify from the Catalogue descriptions, and in the previous January I got at Koina, our most inland town, a young bird of C. platycercus, which I kept for a short time on white ants and similar food, but it did not survive long. C. vzeimwardti, easily distinguished by their dark heads are perhaps more partial to the neighbourhood of the river or the sea and to thicker bush than their cousins, platycercus, and though neither species can be called silent birds, they are certainly more noisy than they are, and well merit their native name, “ Sonka-sonka,” the Quarrellers, as this they always appear to be doing, if one can judge from their continual scolding chatter, ‘The following description of the differences between the three species I know, I take from the British Museum Catalogue :— Bill horn or blackish, Breast uniform light ashy-brown (like the rest of the under surface), head and ear-coverts black, forming a distinct cap, which contrasts with the ashy-brown back. General colour above ashy- olive brown. veimwardt: (length 9g inches). Breast with rounded ashy margins to feathers, these edges still more distinct on the throat. General colour above brown with indistinct pale feather edges. plalycercus (8.7 inches). Bill yellow. Abdomen maroon-brown, head, throat and chest pearly grey forming a distinct mask. General colour above purplish brown. aliipennis (9 inches). (To be continued.) 264 British Birds. BRITISH BIRDS. Rearing and Westing of Pied Wagtails, (Motacilla lugubris). By R. SuGGrrr. On the 23rd May, 1908, while cycling through a village five or six miles from home, I saw a Pied Wagtail disappear into a hole in the side of a straw-stack with food in its bill, With the aid of a handy ladder I peeped into the hole which was about eight feet from the ground, and there sure enough was a family of six young Wagtails, almost fully fledged, and just the proper age to rear by hand. I decided to secure the lot, and when I repassed the spot on my way home, I took out the nest, tied it up in my handkerchief and thus overcame the difficulty of transit Probably everyone who has undertaken the task of rearing a nest of young birds finds that the most unpleasant part of the undertaking is, that, the lusty demand for food commences at daybreak, and as the sun rises pretty early in May, I put the youngsters into an old hat and placed them on a chair by the side of my bed, each morning they woke me at the first sign of day, and at disgustingly frequent intervals afterwards. I cannot imagine a more effective alarum than six young Pied Wagtails. My food mixture consisted of equal parts of best ants’ cocoons, very finely ground silkworm cocoon, and crushed biscuit, mixed into a paste with cream, and in addition scalded gentles, half mealworms, and spiders. They were left in capable hands during the day time, and made splendid progress. They were practically independent at the end of a fortnight and I put them into the outdoor aviary where they fought savagely and mutilated each others plumage. Owing to various causes, chiefly accidents, their number was reduced to two in the spring of the present year, but these two were a pair and on very friendly terms. About the end of May the male commenced to carry hay into a corner of the shelter shed, and a day or two later he was assisted by the female. The two of them accumulated a huge bundle of hay in the corner, but, after a week of hard work it did not bear the slightest resemblance to a nest. I placed a small heap of bricks British Birds. 265 in another corner of the shelter and advantage was at once taken of a suitable cavity which I had arranged in the pile. A typical, broad, shallow Wagtails nest was built, but the hen, instead of laying eggs in it, commenced to mope and have fits; she eventually recovered, but abandoned the idea of rearing a family, and as recorded on page 128 of the current volume of Bird Notes, a hen Snow Bunting laid three eggs in the nest with- out a protest from the Wagtails. The cock makes a pretty and interesting display to the hen, walking round her and singing with his bill almost touching his breast, and his wings and tail spread to their fullest extent, the latter trailing on the ground. Both birds are at the present time in splendid plumage, and if the coming winter does not prove too much for them, I am almost sure they will nest successfully next spring. A BELATED SWALLOW: It may interest readers to know that I saw asingle Swallow here (Stubbington, near Lee-on-the- Solent), on November 3rd, hawking over a stretch of swampy ground adjoining the beach. It struck me as remarkable, for we had several degrees of frost that morning and the weather was both cold and stormy. I have not seen it since. H. W. MAratas. A Prr SWALLOW: Our esteemed member Mr. Millsum has a pet Swallow, which I had the pleasure of seeing on November 13th. It is a vigorous specimen, in good feather and condition, still in nestling plumage, and does not yet show any indication of the moult. I gleaned the following facts :— It was taken from the nest, when about three days old, about the middle of August. It was reared on Mr. Millsum’s usual soft food mixture, ground to flour and moistened to a pasty condition—it was fed from the end of a quill—for the first ten days no live food was given, afterwards chopped mealworms, but it was7soon able to take these entire. For two months it was regularly fed by hand, even after it was able to fend for itself. Atthe present time it is fed on the usual insectile mixture, supplemented with a few mealworms. Wd P. 266 Editorial. Editorial. A YOUNG ORIOLE’S EXPERIENCE (Mell Rice. Los. Angeles Cal.) While on the Piazza on June 6th there happened to be in front of me a young Oriole, just out of the nest, on the ground not far away. It did not seem able to fly, was hopping about and trying to use its wings. It was very fascinating, and I sat down and watched. ... Presently its male parent came and fed it, this was not easy as a pair of Mocking Birds, which had a nest in a tree close by, persecuted both parents and young—driving away the parents when they came to feed the young and only my interference prevented them maltreating the youngster. After about twenty minutes the male parent came again, appear- ing very excited and did not attempt to feed the young bird—he cooed to it in a very excited manner and suddenly turned its tail towards the little bird, when to my great astonishment it hopped on. The parent then proceeded to drag the little one away from the dangerous vicinity of the Mocking Birds. After being so dragged for about a foot, the little one slipped off, when the parent bird went through the same procedure and again turned his tail for the baby to hop on, which it did—at this juncture the Mocking Birds again swooped down, driving away the parent, and only my interference prevented their maltreating the young bird. At last the young bird managed to mount up the sloping branch of an acacia tree and to reach a secluded spot, but even here it was not safe from the Mocking Birds, and again I had to interfere. I continued to keep guard for another half-hour. During this period the parent birds managed to coax their little one to a sycamore tree some fifty feet away. Here the Mocking Birds left them alone and I left them to their fate. Compiled from ° Bird Lore,” July and August, 1909. A PERSISTENT Ropin (fs. E. J. Walker, North Java, NV.Y.) I have a Robin that comes regularly every year and builds under my verandah in an American ivy, on the identical spot every time. I remove the old nest when empty. In. 1908 she began the first nest April 14th, the second June 4th, and the third July 21st. The last bird flew away August 24th. I suppose someone killed the male bird while the female was sitting the Editorial. 267 last time, as I never saw him after that ; the female raised her last brood alone. From “ Bird Lore,” Fuly and August, 1909. BREEDING PIN-TAILED WHYDAHS (Vidua principalis) : On another page is an account of Mrs. Anningson’s success in breeding this species. I do not know of any actual record of its having been previously bred in this country, though the late Herr. Wiener states in his book ‘“‘it is said to have been bred,’ but this is very vague and indefinite and if nothing more authentic can be found Mrs, Anningson will be entitled to the record. Hysrips: If any meutber knows of any instance of the undermentioned crosses having been previous reared in captivity, will they kindly inform me of same of once? White-headed Mannikin xX Cutthroat. Nutmeg Finch x Bronze Mannikin. CRUSHED Hopes: Froma recent letter I gather, that Mr. Mathias’ hopes of rearing Blue-breasted Waxbills and Cordon Bleus were dashed to the ground, by that terrible storm of wind and rain on October 15th; the felting along one side of the aviary was displaced and the rain beat in and soaked the box in which the hen was incubating her eggs—she sat bravely through it all, though the nest was quite sodden ; the birds with their nest box were removed to a cage—they very naturally deserted—there were four eggs, one broken, two infertile and one containing a young chick. Though accounted delicate neither of them appear any the worse for their rough experience. Correspondence, A FERTILE HYBRID, Sir,—I saw yesterday a bird which interested me greatly, as it was the first instance I had actually verified of the progeny of a fertile hybrid. A hybrid Dove, between a Turtle Dove anda Ring Dove was the father, This bird bears many of the markings of both parents and has the hooked beak of the Turtle Dove. It paired 268 The Months Arrivals. with an ordinary Ring Dove, and all the eggs the first season were clear. The second summer the pair built in a tree in the garden, and one egg in the first nest was fertile and hatched out. The young bird shows a few of the markings of the Turtle Dove, but has not the hooked beak. Have you ever heard of this double hybrid being produced before ? * (Rev.) JoHN M. PatrERSON. NESTING “OF THE BLACK “LORY, S1r,—My young Black Lory (C. ater) is now fully reared and quite independent of the old birds. It is a very well grown bird and except for the white skin round the eyes and below the beak a casual observer would not distingnish any difference between it and the parent birds. The young Lory has however some small blood red feathers in the neck. ‘These feathers seem to mark the young Of Gear The period of incubation was about twenty-one days, and the bird remained in the nest fully two months. When it left it was fully fledged and able to fly fully about two days after. This bird was reared on my usual food, viz. : sop made of milk and barley water in which is mixed “ B.C.’ food, with occasional biscuit or bread for a change. ‘This is the first true Lory ever reared in confinement, and you may think it worth while to publish these notes. E. J. Brook. The Month's *Hrrivals. ‘THE BLACK-CHEEKED LOVEBIRD. About a year ago the suggestion was made in this column that this species would prove as easy and as profitable to breed as the Budgerigar. A short time since I spent an afternoon in the aviary of a well-known aviculturist who had bred about a score of young, commencing with three adults only. There has been a fall in the market price of course, the retail price in the German bird-market at present being 30/- per pair and even less in our own imarket. Other breeders have, lhow- ever, not been equally successful. W.E. YT: *%f I remember rightly Mr. Newman has met with a similar success with crossed birds in his aviaries. It would be of great interest if he would kindly supply a few notes.—ED. The Month's Arrivals. 269 AN INDIAN CONSIGNMENT. A large consignment from Calcutta has recently reached the Continent. I was offered Mesias, Dhyals, Sibias, Cuckoos, Fruitsuckers (Chloropsis auritfrons), two species of Hornbills and rare Shrikes. Some of these have found their way to the London dealers, At Mr. Hamlyn’s I saw two Indian Cuckoos which, though not easy to identify in a dark cage and minus tails, appeared to be Eudynamis honorata. ‘he male of this species is jet black with a green bill and pink eye; the female is speckled with white. It is parasitic on the Crow. Mr. Hamlyn’s two males with their stout beaks, cobby shape and short tails look at first sight like some new species of Bower-bird. Mr. De Von had some Shamias and a nice Mesia. Curiously enough just two days before I came across this Mesia, one of our members asked me if I knew of one for sale, aud as I had not seen any in the trade for years past, this seemed quite a coincidence. I notice, however, that one never has similar luck im coming across the bird one wants oneself. W.E.T. * * * A RARE BLACKBIRD. On the same date (21st October) Mr. De Von called iny attention to some ‘South American Blackbirds.” ‘hese were just like an English cock Blackbird except that they had bright orange shanks auda different note. ‘They were so extremely dirty that it was impossible to even ascertain their real colour, still, as there was an apparent hen amongst them and the price was extremely moderate I speculated in a pair and hav- ing weshed them well and wrung them out they proved to be something new—the Argentine Blackbird (Turdus fuscatus). When I say “uew” I mean that I personally have not come across them before; they may have been previously imported. ‘The male is a brilliant intense black; his beak, feet and evelids the brightest orange.’ The female is dusky or sepia, with brown throat, aud eyelids of flesh-colour. The call-note begins with a tuck-tuck, identical with that of our Blackbird, but ends with a curious high whistle. W.E.Y. * % * Melophus melanicterus. Mr. Cross recently sent me for inspection two Buntings which he called ‘‘Latham’s Buntings.’”? When I came to examine them they had been placed in a rather dark cage high up on the wall of the bird-room and appeared to me, coming indoors from the strong sunlight, to be rufous, but in otler respects remarkably like the Hair-crested Bunting, a pair of which I had the pleasure of seeing in our Editor’s aviary some time since. As TI could not identify them I consulted our long-suffer- ing Editor who, with his usual urbanity, proceeded to investigate various works of reference, but in vain. All that he could discover was that “Tatham’s Bunting” was a synonvin for the Hair-crested. ‘Then and not till then did Iexamine the birds again and was immensely chagrined to find that they were not rufous but black, streaked and splashed with cinnamon- brown—in fact they were immature males of Jf. melaniclerus. ‘Yhe moral of this appears to be, firstly, before attempting to identify a bird, have a good look at it in a good light, and, secondly, do not worry the Editor or 270 Post Mortem Reports. anyone else unnecessarily. Nevertheless the Crested Bunting is a very interesting species and very rarely imported. It is common in China and breeds in the Himalayas up to a considerable altitude, but seldom descends to the plains. The female is very unlike the male, being dark brown with some black striations and having only an insignificant crest. From Die Gefiedrle Well, of 16th September, I extract the following: ‘They are only seen in the bird market now and again; Gotz offered sonie for sale in the spring. I havea nice male bird, which is very lively aud graceful. Like the rest of the Buntings, he eats mostly mixed seeds also soft-food but has a great preference for mealworms. He is not quarrelsome but some- times likes to tease. You can always tell when he is angry or pleased by the way lhe raises or lowers his crest. The call note is long drawn and shrill. His song consists of four or five different notes and is chiefly heard in the early morning. Itis a pity one cannot obtain this species more frequently as it is quite an ornament in an aviary.’’ The illustration in D. G. W. is entitled ‘““Hlaubenammer,”’ but in the letterpress it is called ‘‘“Schopfammer.”’ Both these names mean the same thing, namely Crested Bunting. Av THE ZOO. ‘Lhe beautiful little Flower-pecker (Dicaeun ignicolle) is coming into much better colour; it apparently eats nothing but fruit. ‘The new Greater Bird of Paradise, presented by Sir W. Ingram, is a very big bird, but not yet in colour, and therefore hardly replaces the late lamented male. ‘There is a very interesting Egyptian Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus stentoreus) in the Bird-house deposited by Mr. Bonhote, about which an interesting paragraph appeared recently in the /ze/d. I cannot, however, quite follow the writer when he says that it is “scarcely distinguishable from the Great Reed Warbler.” A. stentorevs lias a remarkably long beak aud its breast is dull greyish buff, whereas A. ¢urdoides has the breast bright buff. W.E.T. Post Mortem Reports. (Vide Rules). For replies by post, a fee of 2/6 must be sent; this regulation will not be broken under any condition, Canary. (M. Lock). Cause of death, enlarged and fatty liver and pneumonia. AVADAVA’ and young ZEBRA FINCH. (K. Brotherton). Both died from pneumonia, ‘Lhe seed was in excellent condition. BUDGERIGAR. (Hayward W. Mathias). Cause of death, pneumonia. YORKSHIRE Cock CANARY. (W. Smith). Cause of death, pneumonia. GREENFINCH. (Miss Brickwood). Cause of death, pneumonia. WHITE JavA SPARROW, STEEL FINCH and WAVER. (Mrs. B. W. Hodgkin), In each case the cause of death was pneumonia. VIOLEY ‘YANAGER. (H. V. Johnson). Cause of death, pneumonia and enlarged kidneys. Cock ZEBRA Fincw. (I. R. Hadley). The intestine was ruptured, probably by an injury. H. Gray, M.R.C.V.S. Bird io) Notes. Drawn from life by H. Goodchild Some Notable Exhibits at the L.C.B.A. Show. Hunstein’s Magnificent Bird of Paradise. Golden-shouldered Parrakeet. Exhibited by Mr. O. Millsum., Red-frouted Jory. All rights reserved. | DECEMBER, 1909. BIRD NOTES: JOURNALS OF ThE ROREIGN .BIRD’, CLUB. foreign and British Birds at the 1.C. 6.4. Sbow. BOK EH VGN Ss E.C TLON. By We dha PAGE, EZ S: This, the coming-of-age Show of this enterprising Society, was well ahead of its predecessors and left nothing to be desired in the way of management, while the classification was the most liberal ever offered. This paper might well have been headed ‘“Our Members’ Birds,” for out of 120 entries practically 100 were from F.B.C. members. By far the finest, rarest, and most uncommon series of foreign birds were gathered together, that have ever been seen of recent years. Mr. H. D. Astley judged, and on the whole his awards were well received, and, in the opinion of the writer, were consistently placed. Mr. Millsum was the exhibitor of most of the actual novelties; Mrs. K. L. Miller’s lovely Rainbow Bunting (see coloured plate in May issue of current volume), came in for almost as much notice as the Birds of Paradise; in fact it was equally beautiful aud rare, if not the actual rarest bird in the show. Mr. Maxwell’s beautiful series were almost all unique specimens, but have been shown by him for several seasons. Mr. Yownsends’ was a similar case, his Great Barbet being in even better condition than when previously shown. The condition of the whole of the exhibits exemplified how great has been the strides made in the conditions of foreign bird keeping, and the extent to which their requirements are now understood, nevertheless, there yet remains much to be learned regarding many species It will, I think, be best to take the Classes in proper sequence, and not merely place those contain- ing the novelties first. 272 Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. BUDGERIGARS, LOVEBIRDS, ETC. (14): I, ‘townsend, Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot ; 2, Mrs. K. L. Miller, Peach-faced Lovebirds ; 3, F. Howe, Black-faced Jovebirds; V.H.C., Maxwell, Black-faced Iovebirds; Miss Greeven, Red-faced Lovebirds ; H.C., Mrs. K. L.. Miller, Guiana Lovebirds ; Sladden, Passerine Parrakeets; C., Mrs. Hodgkin, Budgerigars; Watts, Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot. Nothing actually novel in this class, but all the prize winners were exceptionally good, of rich colour and very tight in plumage. Mr. Townsend’s Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot being quite one of the finest ever exhibited. Mrs. Miller’s Guiana Lovebirds were the most uncommon, The pretty Black-faced Lovebirds having in the short space of little more than a year become quite common. PARRAKEETS, LORIKKETS AND LORIES: I, 2 and 4, Millsum, Goldenu-shouldered Parrakeets, Brown’s Parrakeet and Red-fronted Lories ; 3, 5. Beaty, Pileated Parrakeets ; V.H.C., Oakey, Crimson-wing Parrakeet ; Maxwell, Elegant Grass Parrakeet ; Rev. Raynor, Blue-bonnet Parrakeet ; H.C., Mrs. Miller, Purple-naped Lory; Maxwell, Brown’s Parrakeets; C.; Miss Francis, with Ring-necked Parrakeet and Pair of Cockateels. A very fine series of rare and uncommon species, of which Mr. Millsum’s Golden-shouldered Parrakeets (Psephotus chrysop- terygius) were the only actual novelty, it being the first time a male of this species has appeared on the show bench, though Mr. Maxwell exhibited two females at the Palace Show 1898, and one female at the Balham Show in November 1899, and Mr. Hawkins also exhibited a female of this species at the Crystal Palace Shows of Nov. 1900, Feb. and Nov. 1901, and Feb. 1go2, and Mr. R. Phillipps possessed a pairin 1897, but did not succeed in breeding them. I had the privilege of seeing Mr. Millsum’s birds during a week end visit I paid him about a fortnight previously, and they struck me as being rather a fragile species, but very beautiful as to colouration and of graceful form, The description of the male is as follows: Frontal band and eye region light yellow ; crown black; upper surface greyish-brown ; rump and upper tail-covers light blue; tail dark olive green, dark blue, and tipped with black; a large golden-yellow patch adorns each wing, sides of face, neck and breast light blue, some portions of which are tinged with brilliant green ; abdomen and thighs white, barred with brick-red. Slenderly built, length just Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. 273 over nine inches. Brown’s Parrakeet (Platycercus brownit), a beautiful specimen of a rare species and in perfect condition. Red-fronted Lories (Chalcopsittacus scintillatus), a very fine pair, but not vet used to the narrow compass of a show cage—this species has only once previously appeared on the show bench— a grand trio. Other notabilities were a lovely Elegant Grass Parrakeet in beautiful plumage and very richly coloured, a most elegant and graceful species of which Mr. Maxwell may well be proud. Mr. Beaty’s Pileated Parrakeets were very fine, but though they have now been used to cage life for several years, are still very unsteady; this I presume accounted for there being a solid top to their cage, which made it very difficult to observe them ; they appeared to me to be two males, but a close scrutiny was not possible. Other good birds were the Rev. Raynor's Blue-bonnet, Mrs. K. L. Miller's Purple-naped Lory (which I did not see, as owing to ill health it had been removed before these notes were made). PARRO'S, COCKATOOS AND MACAWS (9): I, Sp., S. Beaty, Hawk- headed Parrot; 2, Rev. Raynor, Mever’s Parrot; 3, V.H.C., Mrs. K. L. Miller, Cuban Amazons (pair) and Hawk-headed Parrot, in the order given ; V.H.C., Mrs. Cooper, Black-headed Caiques; C., Miss Francis (3), Blue-faced Amazon, Lemon-crested Cockatoo, and Grey Parrot; C., T. Miller, a good Grey in beautiful plumage. The prize winners were all very fine and all really un- common species, but being well known, though not often to be obtained, do not call for description here. The Hawk-heads, Cuban Amazons and Meyer’s Parrots (@) are very beautiful and were all in exquisite condition. There was a coloured plate of the Hawk-headed Parrot in Vol. VI. Bisd Notes. VARIOUS (NAMED) COMMON SEEDEATERS (15): 1, Sp., Watts, a fault- less pair of Golden-breasted Waxbills; 2, 3, H.C., respectively F. Howe, good pairs of St. Helena, Golden-breasted Waxbills and a fine Green Avadavat; H.C., Row, good Orange-cheeked Waxbills ; no less than seven C’s in the Class ; Row, pair Cutthroats ; Sladden, Orange-cheeked Waxbills ; Botting (3), Golden-breasted Waxbills ; Green Avadavats, and Zebra Finches; Mrs. Maher, Ribbon Finch ; S. Beaty, Nutmeg Finches. Though calling for but little comment or description, there is always a great attraction in this class, as illustrating what a beautiful series may be got together of the freely imported (so- called common) species, and for so little cost, and how beautiful 274 Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. they are. I know no more attractive spectacle than an outdoor aviary, with growing bushes and other plant life, stocked with Waxbills and the small Ornamental Finches. RARER WAXBILLS, ETC. (6).: I, Sp., 2, Maxwell, Violet-eared Wax- bill and a Black-faced Waxbill, both absolutely perfect ; 3, Willford, good Melba Finch ; V.H.C., Miller, nice Violet-eared Waxbill ; C., Miss Greeven, Lavender Finch. A very beautiful series, all well-known species, in perfect condition. One cannot help being surprised that this class was was not better filled. GRASSFINCHES, WEAVERS, EC (16): 1, Mrs. K. L. Miller, exquisite pair of Painted Finches, very much improved since last shown, and abundant proof that birds can be healthy and contented in cages if well eared for ; 2, C. ‘I. Maxwell, seme species not so good as the preceding ; 3, C. H. Row, Parrot Finches, very tight and good colour; 4, Mrs. Galloway, very rare Bearded Scalv-fronted Finches (Spovopipes frontalis), very fine pair but one of them was looking very seedy on Friday, but improved greatly the next day, their rarity merited a higher position ; V.H.C., Meadows, Mrs. Galloway and Stockley, Parrot and Black-headed Gouldian Finches respectively; H.C., C. YY. Maxwell, Jlong-tailed Grassfinches; C, Rattigan, Parrot Finch; Row, Black-headed Gouldian Finches; Mrs. Hodgkin, Rufous-necked Weaver. An interesting class, of which the more notable species were the Bearded Scaly-fronted Finches and Painted Finches, the former, I think, has only once or twice previously appeared on the show bench. This species and the Scaly-crowned Finch should make good subjects for the aviculturist, neither of them having yet been bred in this country. GROSBEAKS, ‘TRUE FINCHES, EC. (5): I, 3, Mrs. Miller, one of the attractions of the Show, a beautiful Rainbow Bunting, 1st and medal for best members’ bird in eleven classes, 3, Hooded Siskin, might have been placed before 2; Mrs. Galloway, Black-faced Serin ; V.H.C., Townsend, Rock Bunting ; H.C., Mrs. Hodgkin, Pileated Finch. A small class, but made notable by Mrs. K. L. Miller’s beautiful Rainbow Bunting, which was one of, if not the rarest bird in the Show. It does not call for description here, as it has been figured in colour and fully described in the current volume ; suffice to say that, now it has safely passed the moult, it 1s more beautiful than ever, and that the colours are richer and deeper in hue than figured on our plate; it thus possesses a decided advan- ete Bord ie . > = - = peaes is) — Bird Notes. Drawn from life by H. Goodchild Some Notable Exhibits at the I.C.B.A. Show. Black-faced Serin .. 50 Exhibited by Mrs. Galloway. Ruby-throated Warbler Xe ,» Mrs. K. J.eslie Miller. Spotted Emerald Tanager .. 5p ,» Mr. C. I. Maxwell. White-eyebrowed Wood-Swallow - » Mr. S. M. Townsend. Oe Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. 275 tage over that old favourite the Nonpareil Bunting, as it does not lose the richness of its hues in captivity. Another beautiful species, which also has been previously described in our pages, was Mrs. Galloway’s Black-faced Serin, in the writer’s opinion the most beautiful of all the Serins, really a much to be desired species; the same may be said for Mrs. Miller’s fine Hooded Siskin. ‘TANAGERS (8); Only a small number of entries, but nearly every one of them unique, although they have all been on the bench one or more seasons and consequently have already been described in our pages. Mr. Maxwell carried off most of the honours here, viz.: I, Sp., 2, and 3, with four really grand birds, beautiful beyond description—Rufous-throated, Black-throated, Spotted Emerald and Maroon ‘anagers in the order given ; V.H.C., Mr. Townsend and Mrs. Maher, faultless Magpie and Tricolour Yanagers respectively; H.C., Mrs. K. L. Miller, beautiful Striated Tanager, not yet moulted out its tail or would have been higher, very uncommol. SuGaAR BIRDS, HONEYEATERS, ETC. (9): 1, V.H.C., H.C., Townsend wonderful Yellow-winged Sugar Bird ; V.H.C., Red-eared Bulbul and H.C. Black-faced Sugar Bird (?); 2, Millsum, Blue-winged Bulbul; 3, Black- faced Sugar Bird; V.H.C., Mrs. Galloway, Blue Sugar Bird; H.C., Rattigan, hen of the same species ; C., Puck, Gold-fronted Bulbul. All truly gorgeous birds, but Mr. Townsend’s Yellow- winged Sugar Bird is one of the richest coloured specimens I have ever seen, its condition faultless, too beautiful for descrip- tion; it is now in its fourth season. Very welcome was the re- appearance of the Blue-winged Bulbul, a species which has not been seen on the bench for some years, and Mr. Millsum is to be congratulated on so beautiful a possession. All the genus Chlor- opsts (Green Bulbuls) are unsurpassed as cage-birds, and are equally beautiful and desirable in the aviary.* Equally beautiful were the other exhibits and all in most excellent condition. A.O.S. SMALLER THAN KING BIRD OF PARADISE (14): One of the most interesting Classes seen for many years, containing many unique and beautiful birds. 1, Sp., Millsum, a Levaillant’s Barbet, unique on the Show bench, and one of the only two ever imported; 2, 3, Maxwell, White- capped Redstart and Great-billed Flycatcher, two perfect specimens ; 4, Dewhurst, pair of Coleys; V.H.C., Puck, good Shama; Miller, Verditer Flycatcher (?), a great rariety; Mrs. Miller, Ruby-throated * Of course they must not be associated with small species. 276 Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. Warbler, a rare and beautiful bird ; Mrs. Maher, Japanese Red-sided ‘Tit ; Millsum, Indian Nuthatch, unique and interesting ; Townsend, a charming specimen of the White-eyebrowed Wood Swallow Shrike, the delicacy of coloration and sheen of plumage of this bird has never been surpassed . H.C., Mrs. Maher, good pair of Pekin Robins, but quite outclassed amoung so many rarities. Mr. Millsum’s Levaillant’s Barbet (Zyvachyphonus cafer) is a most interesting species, with strangely and quaintly marked and mottled plumage; of bold and fearless demeanour, readily becomes tame and is really a most desirable species. It is a native of the Transvaal. Description : Excepting the crest, which is black, most of the feathers of the head are pale yellow, finely margined with red and having a small blackish patch in the centre of each; upper back and wings black, sealed and barred with white; lower back, rump and upper tail coverts yellow, much mixed with blackish, and the tail coverts tipped with red; tail black, barred and tipped with white; the undersurface is yellow, with a black band across the chest and anumber of red striations on the breast. Mr. Maxwell’s Great-billed Flycatcher and Mrs. K. L. Miller’s Ver- diter Flycatcher (?) are both unique to the show bench, and great rarities, the former is a beautiful bird, a typical Flycatcher as to form; its upper surface is a pleasing soft cobalt blue, underneath it is deep buffish-yellow; the latter is a pale bluish- silvery-grey, would have made a grand exhibit if the cock bird had lived. Mr. Millsum’s Indian Nuthatch was another unique exhibit, a typical Nuthatch in form and demeanour, with plumage of French- grey above, chestnut beneath, and white facial patches. Other interesting exhibits were Mrs. Maher’s Japanese Red-sided Tit; Mr. Maxwell’s lovely White-capped Redstart, and last, but not least, Mr. Ttownsend’s lovely Wood Swallow Shrike, which for purity of colour, silky and sleek plumage has never been surpassed. A.O.S. LARGER ‘THAN AND INCLUDING KING BIRD OF PARADISE (9) : All that has been said of the previous Class may be repeated here with eniphasis with the three prize winners standing well ahead of all other competitors. 1, Sp. for best foreign bird in the Show. Millsum, Huustein’s Bird of Paradise, another “ first appearance”? on the Show beuch, and a greatsensation; 2, Maxwell, King Bird of Paradise, now in its third show season, and in the most superb condition ; 3, Townsend, now well known, Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. 277 but unique Giant Barbet, very tame and much improved ; V.H.C., Sandy Mexican Green Jay; H.C., Dewhurst, Glossy Starling; C., Shepherd, Greater Hill Mynah ; Rattigan, nice Red-headed Starling. The outstanding feature of this class was the Birds of Paradise; these were the great attraction to the visiting public, having been noticed in the daily press, numbers visited the Show simply to see these, but the aisles occupied by the foreign birds were all largely patronised. The sensation was Mr. Millsum’s unique Hunstein’s Magnificent Bird of Paradise (Diphyllodes magnifica). It is a native of the Malay Archipelago; beautiful and unique as this bird is, I only purpose giving a brief description here, as Mr. Goodchild is preparing a coloured drawing, and it will appear in an early issue of Bizd Notes with a full description. The plumage is very silken and lustrous, and its hues change materially under the play of light. Description: The top of the head is golden-brown, with the extreme tips of the feathers picked out in dusky or ruddy- bronze; the upper back is scarlet, passing into the brown of the middle and lower back; the mid-back is variegated, with some golden feathers tipped with brown; at the bottom of the nape of the neck a lovely double cape of straw-yellow lies upon the scarlet of the upper back; this cape it has the power of raising, at such times it appears like an out-spread fan growing out of the nape of the neck; the wings are rich-brown and golden- orange; the tail, apart from the two wires is insignificant, the feathers being barely an inch long, the two wires are metallic green and webbed only along the inner edge; they cross each other, curl outwardly and then inwardly again, forming almost complete circles on either side; the under-surface is purplish- brown, the shield over the throat and breast is metallic green, changing under the influence of light to purplish or bronzy ; down the centre of this shield, extending down the throat to top of the breast is a narrow strip of scaled feathers of the richest of peacock-greens, glistening like the scales of a snake; the breast shield is narrowly edged with peacock-blue. Total length, excluding the tail wires about 73 inches. The King Bird of Paradise is of quite another type of beauty ; it is nowin its third season, and Mr. Maxwell is to be congratulated on keeping it in such exquisite and flawless con- 278 Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. dition. Its beauty cannot be described,—never has a bird been shown in better condition,—it has been described on several occasions, and it must suffice to tamely say, that the glistening and glowing scarlet of the upper surface, and the spotless purity of the white of the lower surface, relieved by its orange bill and cobalt legs and feet, attracted for this regal bird universal admiration. Mr. Townsend’s fine specimen of the Great or Giant Barbet has much improved since last season, it was in grand feather and very steady, in fact, very tame for this species. It was figured in colour in No. 1 of current volume, and therefore does not call for further comment here. I hope I have not wearied my readers with these notes, but my leisure has been so limited that I have had to write them and leave them without any revision whatever. One could write pages without exhausting the subject, but I must perforce leave it for some more fitting opportunity to enlarge upon their wild life, food, treatment, &c., and their demeanour under the con- ditions of aviary life. In conclusion, I must congratulate the L.C.B.A. upon the huge success which has attended their enterprise, and also our membersand the other exhibitors upon the truly ‘“ great” series of birds got together (which I fear must stand unsurpassed for some time to come), not merely upon their rarity, but upon the generally excellent condition of the whole of the exhibits. * * * The Club Medals and Specials were awarded as follows :-— Cup Medal .. .. Hunstein’s Bird of Paradise .. O. MILLSUM. Club Silver Medal .. Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot... S. M. TOwNsSEND ‘ 35 5 .. Rainbow Bunting .. we .. Mrs. K. L. MILLER. Specials given by Members of F.B.C.: Silver Model of Cockatoo .. Hawk-headed Parrot.. Se Os DEAD: Medal or 5/- cash .. .. Golden-breasted Waxbills ,. R. J. Warts. Medal or 5/- cash .. .. Violet-eared Waxbill.. ve) (Cele MIAR Wt ize China Bowl .. Bo .. Levaillant’s Barbet .. .. O. MILLSUM, Gold Centre Silver Medal .. Rufous-throated Tanager .. C.. MAXWELL. L.B.C.A. Diplomas: Rainbow Bunting .. ae 5c On Mrs. K. I... MILLER. Yeliow-winged Sugar Bird re ae S. M. ‘TOWNSEND. Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. 279 BIR WM GCICS IBE IICIR ID) Sia (CaP i OUKke By H. GoopcHILp, M.B.O.U. While the “ Open Foreign Bird Section ” was an unqualified success, the British Bird Section, if nota failure actually, was, with a larger entry, not up to the standard that the generous classifi- cation provided by the management might have warranted one to expect. Speaking asa member of the British Bird Club, and also as an Ornithologist, I cannot but regret that several of the classes which would have been of the greatest interest to Ornith- ologists, had to be cancelled owing to a paucity of entries. Thus, three classes for Insectivorous Bird, A—Resident (Class 144), Hen birds (Class 148), and all other species (Class 147) were lost. The class that, asa student of Palzearctic bird-life in its broader sense, as distinguished from a British bird student pure and simple, would have interested me most, was that for ‘* Any species of European bird not included in the National British Bird Club’s list. Such aclass might have included many birds of great interest,—birds that have rarely, if ever, visited our shores (where they would almost certainly be shot on sight if they were seen by collectors) but which might be characteristic of many a beauty spot on the continent of Europe. Of the eighteen classes which remained (totalling less than 200 entries) after the cancelling had been done, only a few were of any special interest to Ornithologists, as the first ten (classes 128 to 137 inclusive) were devoted to the commoner species of seed-eating birds; the only class in the series of interest to Ornithologists being that devoted to Hawfinches, containing eight birds (class 129). ‘These ten classes contained some hun- dred birds, and while I cannot help admiring the skill, patience, and knowledge—not to say love,—that the exhibitors show in bringing wild caught birds into such perfect condition and tame- ness, I cannot, asa xafuralis/, but deplore the tendency to mar the natural tints of our native birds by the internal dyeing called ‘‘colour-feeding.”’ Where this treatment is resorted to in order to vefain the natural colour either of the plumage or the soft parts (as I am assured by experienced exhibitors is necessary in the case of the bill of the Chough and the male Blackbird) 280 Foreign & British Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. one can commend it, but where the effect is to turn the pure yellow of a Siskin, Greenfinch or Yellow Bunting into a sort of orange, there the effect is au eyesore to one who is a naturalist and an ornithologist. Of the remaining classes, that for “All other species of Finches, Buntings, or Grosbeaks, Resident or Migratory ” (Class 138) contained a nice Lapland Bunting, shown by Mr. Francis, which was awarded third prize; a charming Cirl Bunting, belong- ing to Mr. V. Wynn, who makes a speciality of Buntings, albeit this was the only one he showed in this class; a Snow Bunting, for which Mr. Lowne was awarded second prize; a Reed Bunting (Mr. R. J. Howe’s); while our member, Mr. S. Beaty, got first prize with a Corn Bunting. The class for all species of Hens of the Fyringillide, (No. 139, with 17 entries) contained a Crossbill, which won third for Mr. Lowne (who also showed a Snow Bunting) ; a Mealy Redpoll, three Hawfinches, a Siskin and a Brambling, while Mr. Wynn showed hens of the Snow, Reed, and Yellow Buntings. Passing to the section for insectivorous birds, containing less than sixty entries, we find the most interesting birds in the Show. Class rgo (with 9 entries) for Song Thrush, Blackbird, or Starling, calls for no special remark; but Class 141, for “ All Species of Larks or Pipits, Resident or Migratory’”’ (with ro entries) contained a Rock Pipit, which was too wild to be quite satisfactory asa caged bird, shown by Mr. R. J. Howe; a Shore Lark, nice and tame (awarded second prize and exhibited by Mr. Lowne); several Tree Pipits and Skylarks. The Class for Chough, Jay, Magpie, or Jackdaw, had one Chough (Mr. C. T. Maxwell, awarded first prize), two Magpies and two Jays. The colour of the beak of the Chough seemed to me too intense and deep to be natural, although the bird was in the beautiful condition usual with this exhibitor’s birds. The Class for Albino and Pied or ‘‘rare-feathered”’ British Birds, contained a beautiful Starling, of a pale silvery grey colour all over, with the spangling white, and which one could not but admire: while Mr. Maxwell’s white Robin was absent, and our genial member, Mr. W. Swaysland, showed a Silver Lark. Class British & Foreign Birds at the L.C.B.A. Show. 281 145, for Blackeap or Nightingale, had but one Blackcap, but was compensated by the presence of no less than seven specimens of the ‘Queen of Song.” Class 146 was saved from cancelling by the five entries it contained. Amongst these ‘‘ Migratory Insect- ivorous Birds,” first and foremost came the Grasshopper Warbler, probably the most interesting British bird in the Show, from an ornithological standpoint, exhibited by Mr. S. L. Cocks, of Peterboro’. This bird was perfectly tame and steady, and not even the intent gaze necessary to sketching its portrait towards the close of the Show, seemed to disconcert it. The cage it was in, with the perches put low, enabled one to see how this bird is used to walking amongst the undergrowth of tangled brambles and herbage, as the bird seemed to simply bend down and slide underneath them with no discomfort or inconvenience. Mr. C.T. Maxwell showed a beautiful Black Redstart and a Yellow Wag- tail, the latter seeming to me to be one of those birds which had been ‘‘colour-fed.’ Mr. Lowne showed a charming Pied Fly- catcher, and he also had a Black Redstart in this class. The Classes for members of the London Cage Bird Associa- tion were but poorly patronised; the only Finches or Buntings worthy of note were the Hawfinch, and the Snow and Cirl Bunt- ings in Class 157, while in the class for the smaller insectivorous birds, Miss Shepherd had entered a Pied Flycatcher and a Bearded Tit, but both were absent. The birds one missed were the Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, Tree Creepers, Shrikes and Tits, that in other Shows had adorned the benches; but as the Show as a whole was a great success, and considerably in advance of any previous year in the matter of entries, we may hope to see the next one with the British birds present in hundreds, of a quality to vie with the magnificent display of exotics that graced the benches at the “coming of age” show in November, 1909. 282 Birds in and about the Station (Bakloh). Birds mn and about the Station (Baklob). By Capt. G. A. PERREAU, F.Z.S. THE INDIAN WHITE-EYE. (Continued from page 221.) The attempt to meat off the first pair was made at first with live mealworms, insect food and ripe wild cherries. Cherries only were eaten and apparently this was not enough, for the hen died. I noticed that the cock drank a good deal, so I took away the water, substituting bread and milk. He took to the milk at once and when he found that the milk-soaked bread was good and later that sponge cake was better still, I had no bother with the other White-eyes. They are very amusing to watch at the start of a shower. I have several nice tipari (Cape gooseberry) bushes in the aviary. The leaves are fairly large and somewhat hairy and so hold water fairly well. At the first few drops, down come the White-eyes and suck the water off the leaves. I don’t know whether the leaves impart any flavour to the water or not. As the leaves get wetter the little birds have a regular bath on them. My Passer- ine Parrakeets and Hanging Parrakeets also make good attempts at following their example, but the leaves are hardly strong enough. Only the latter suck the water off the leaves. There is nothing strange in this method of bathing for Parrakeets, but I was surprised to see White-eyes doing it, more especially as I have often seen them both in freedom and captivity taking a bath in the ordinary way. My present birds do not seem nearly as keen on insects as my old ones, which is a pity as regards taming them. They simply disregard my presence in the aviary, but show no signs of greeting me as a tit-bit giver, as most of my insectivorous birds have done in a very short time. I ought perhaps to have kept them caged longer. Probably too, the hill White-eyes are less insectivorous than the Plains ones, simply from force of circumstances. They seem to be fairly frequently imported, but few people seem to have them. Last year at home I sawa good many birds, but only two of this species; they were beauties. They look such delicate little birds (which they are not, according to my Birds in and about the Station (Bakloh.) 283 experience) that I can hardly help thinking that many, like my hen, fall victims to ‘higher aviculture,”’ being given a diet of mealworms and a powerful insect food. My present birds get bread and milk, cake and fruit, if there is any to be had. Of course they pick up a few live insects for themselves, but not many I faney, and they get practically nothing from the net- sweepings as they never come down for them and the flock of breeding Grass-finches and Waxbills leave few escapes and those the Quail soon bag. By the way, were I a grasshopper I could imagine no worse death than to be eaten piecemeal by a Waxbill. Of course the conditions under which they are usually shipped are enough to make any bird delicate. In May last, Mr. Kennedy saw many cages of this bird about to be exported. They were dreadfully overcrowded, dozens almost hundreds to a China bamboo cage. I have watched the advertisements in the home papers, but fancy very few arrived and those would probably be in poor condition. I wonder common sense does not stop this over-crowding. Even the Pekin Robin cannot be benefited by it. In a cage my diet would probably require supplementing occasionally with live stuff, but I do not recommend meaiworms in this case. Hard boiled egg would probably be appreciated and prove sufficient. My old birds were very fond of maggots, the small variety. It would be hard to get more fascinating pets than these dainty little mites. I hope I shall not run short of phrases like this as our Indian Soft-bills require them. Anyhow our little friend with his soft pleasing call-note with which he can express so much can hardly be over-praised. HANGING PARRAKEETS. On going over some old Bombay Natural History Society Magazines I came across a letter which may interest some of our members. I quote it in full. “it they? Bauna of British India,’ , Parasitical Habits of the Silky Cowbird, 20 Parrakeet, Passerine, Breeding of, 245 ” ” or Uvoean, 217 Post mortem Reports, 32, 59, 88, 118, 146, 206, 238, 270 ” 99 . Inset, 30, 40 R. Ruddy Bunting, Notes on, 192 Se. ‘ September Ramble in the Isle of Wight, A, 230 Sexing Violet-necked Lories, 49 Shrike, Great Grey, in Captivity, 166 Sugar Bird, Yellow-winged, A further Account of, 100 WA Tinamou, Rufous . 89 ‘Tree-Sparrow, Cinnamon, Nesting of, 189 Trogon, Cuban, 33 U Uveean Parrakeet, 317 V. Visits to Members’ Aviaries, 250 W. Wryneck, The, 297 Ar) 308 lndex to Genera and Speties. INDEX. 20 GENERA AND: SPEGIES. atte! A. Accentor alpinus, 117 Acrocephalus palustris, 295 aA slentareus, 270 5) strepa/ us, 130, 295 turdotdes, 270 acuticauda, P. 72, 97, 199 adelberti, C. 179 Aedon galactodes, 295 i gintha temporalis, 96 @nea, H. 7 Afer, D. 214 ap UM DiS Afra, C. 213 a Lee) Affinis E. 42 Africana, B. 94 Agapornis cant, 71 +3 nigrigents, 22, 73, 76, 137, 195, 199, 247 in pullaria, 72 A gelasticus thilius, 173 Aidemosyne cantans, 227 Alaudid@, 126 Alba, M. 149- albeulli, J. 138, 196 albertist, D. 124 albvcapilla, C. 293 albtcollis, S. 294 albifrons, P. 294 albicaudata, S. 48 albigula is, P. 116 allenz, S. 141 alpinus, A. 117 Amadina erythrocephala, 29, GI 5 fasciata, 36, 71, 226, 258 amandava, S, 71, 222, 226, 227 Amblyornis innornata, 163, 198 a2 subularis, 163, 198 americana, S. 117 amena, C. 63 analis, S. 19. 25, 174 Anaplectes melanotis, 39 Andropadus latirostris, 290 virens, 290 angolensis, E. 97 < S. 88 annulosa, S. 97, 194. Anthothreptes gabonica, 180 Pe Ay podila, 1 79 5 longuenartt, 179 Me rectirostris, 179 Anthus campestris, 127 5 gouldit, 126 55 trivialts, 126 apivorus, P. 79 apoda, P. 204 i ict 210, l A prosmictus cvanopyg oius, "33, 76 Aquila chrysaétis;242 | a elided, “24D v1)~tniteaks Ardea cinerea, 205 eo? elt, 15 wae ee pai 205 fg TERS tel ardens, C.7,'29) + «© seas Tha! 5 p 25a ae Mi Be), Ge. a4 251 argentaurts, oe argoondah, fF son! 305 | astatica, P. 304, 305 Ea artel, R. 123 raerish vb Aster budius, 67. 505% wile Astrarchia stephanie, 163, 68 oe E. 227 ater, C. 161, 2113 2215, 228, 267, 284 a 0. 66 oe », 47. 204 OTe ct 50 LOX 205 ates abata, P. 294 atricapilla, S. 199, 201, 228, 296 atriceps, C. 263 i atricollis, 36 atripennis, C. 263 | aurantirostris, S. 173 auratus, O. 125 aurens, C. 72 aurifrons, C220; 260, 268 australis, P. oi aoe “e badius, A. 67 ba barus, L. 215 Bu batula, 5 etPyeys barbatus, P. 289 C. 291 Bathilda ruficauda, 72, :96,'137, 194, “199, 227 bava, P. 222 ih bella, LE. 97 : bellus, Z. 24 wv bengiurlensts, M . 65 bicolor, N. 3 of emit S. a6 Bleda leucopteura, 290 bonariensis, M1, 20 bonelli, P. 296 boulboul, M. 18k meceeul brachyterus, H, 39 brachvura, P. 12 brasilins, R. 196 Pied brevirostris, P. 154 b-ownt, P. 76, 2B brunnetcaudata, Z, 205 brunniceps, L. 31 Buphaye africana, 94 Index of Genera and Species. 309 (es cachinnans, T. 47 cafer, 1. 87, 276 Calenas nicobarica, 14 Calliste cvanopiera, 96 » fastuosa, 96 » guttata, 96 na thoracia, 25 Calopsittacus nove-hollandi@, 13, 71, 226 Calorhamphus, 5 Camaroptera tincta, 297 cambatensts, 7. 64 Cumpephaga authornoides, 252 3 phoenica, 262 campestris, A, 127 ae JT. 150 cana, A. 71 canicapilla, P. 42 5 Xa 290)” canora, P. 194 canorus, C. 67 cantans, A, 227 » WEBS capensis, P 86 3 WARY) capistratas, S. 25 carbonaria, M. 205 Carduelis elegans, 226 Carpodacus ervthiinus, 222 An MeXICANUS, 32 car olinensts, G. 145 castaneithorax, M. 96 castaneo fusca, C. 41 castanotis, T. 13, 97, 226, 227 caudatus. L. 92 cavana. D, 145 Cereotrichas podobe, 292 ceylonensts, C. 47 Chalconutra adelberti, 179 * fulginvsa, 179 senevalensts, 178 Chalcopsittacus ater, 161, 211, 227, 228, 267. 284 AG scintillatus, 177, 210 , 273 Chamepelia grisea, 82, 83 a griseola, 190 BS passerina, 228 Charmosvna stella. 2%0 Charmosyvnopsts pulchella, 210 Chera procue, 29, 31, 198 chinensis, B.71 Chlorophania spiza, 26 Chlo ophonia viridis, 96, 259 Chloyopsts aurifrons, 26, 260, 268, 275 An malabarica, 26, 275 chloropterus, L. 92 chloropvgins, C. 178 Chotorhea, 5 Chrysomitris cucullata, 88 chrysonotus, L. 92 : chyysopteris, EB. 31 chrysopterygius, P- 272 Cephalopterus ornalus, 205 Cictnnu us regius, 95, 204 cinera, A. 205 a 2a. Bil a Ss BII9) a hes ty) cinnamomeus, P. 190 Cinnamopteryx castaner/usca, 4t Cinnyris chloropygius, 178 Pe cuprens, 178 Me Splendidus, 178 ae venustus, 178 crris, C. 145 Cisticole, 206 Cisticola evythrops, 296 a lugubris, 296 cttertor, P. 38 citrina, G. 82 Cerebs cyanea, 32, 99 Cerebas, 32 caerulescens, E. 37 Coliopasser ardens, 7, 29, 31 macrurus, 8 5 muarcrocercus, 18O collurio, L. 169 ‘ Columba guinea, 72 A intermedia, 223 Conorus aurens, 72 Copsychus saularis, 1O Coractas tndica, 10, 224 Coract foymes, 298 coronulatus, P. 204 corvina, C. 215 Corvus scrpulatus, 213 Corvinella corvina, 215 Coryphospingus pileatius, 193 Cos ypha albicapilla, 293 ms ver ticallis, 293 Coturnis delegorgnel, 72 Crateropus atripennis, 263 CANONS, 67 leucocephalus, 263 platycercus, 263 : reinwardatt, 263 Criniger barbatus, 291 » flavicolly. 290 » gvaciliivos/yis, 29% » olivaceus, 291 cristata, F 80 Cryptorhina afra, 213 cyvplopvyvha, T. 29% Cuculiformes, 298 cucullata, P. 236 x Se Ao yin PSS cucullatus, H, 40, 41 Cullicicapa cevlonensts, 47 cuneata, G. 72, 199 cup ens, C. 178 cyanea, C&. 32, 96 0 Cy. or 63, 96, ‘145, 146, 161 ” ” ” 3 310 Index to Genera and Species, cyanens, M. 96 cyanucephala, P.73 cyanogenys, E, 23, 128, 175, 176, L775, 207 Cyanamitra verticalis, 179 Cyanops, 305 eS lineata, 204 cyanoptera, C. 96 a S. 81 cyanopvgius, A. 23, 76 Cyanospiza amenn, 63 na ct ts, 61, 63. 145 - cyanea, 61, 63. 145, 146, 161, 199 Be lazulina, 54. 64 - le lanchert, 51, 61, 64 = rosite, 63 versicolor, 64 Cyornis tickelli, 47 D. Dacnis cavana, 145 Daulias luscinia, 292 Dendroica discolor, 97 dentata. /’, 42, 116, 117, 304 Diceidia, 239 Duaeum alexandri, 239 aS cruentatum, 240 a envthrorynchus, 240 “ zgnicolle, 204, 239, 241, 270 a pulchrius, 239 < rubs ifrons, 239 riubrocoronatum, 239 Dicurus afer, 214 5 ater, 66 5s ludwigii, 214 diffusus, P. 42, 199. 228 Diphyllodes magnifica, 277 discolor. D. 97 domestica, U. 71. 227 domesticus, P. 103 domicella, L, 23, 76, 132 Drepanis, 239 Drepanornis albertist, 96, 163 on hunmstetnt, 124 Dryoscopus gambensts, 216 Jufresni, L. 3% EK. elegans, C. 226 eA 12, GS Emberiza affinis, 42 ba chrysopterus, 31 AS nivalis, 302 33 rutila, 173, 174, 192, 193 Eophona melanura, 32 Oy personata, 32 Eos cyanogenys, 23, 138, 175, 176, 177, 207 , fuscata, 138, 208 >, viciniata, 49 Epimarchus meyert, 163, 197, 199 episcopus. T. 19. 96 Lremomela lutescens, 297 As pusilla, 297 50 vu itflava, 297 eryth tnus, C. 222 ervthrocephata, A. 29, 71 erythrogenys, P. 26 erythrops, QO. 35 99 C. 296 ervthroplerus, > 76 Erythrura prasina, 71, 97 psittacea, 72, 96, 137 Esty da angolensts. 97 aA astrild1, 227 3 bella. 97 21 cimerea, 37 os cerulescens, 37 7 melpoda, 37 < phenicotis, 12, 36, 71, 194, 227 subflava, 37 eucadori, JE 2 ELudvnamis honorata, 268 Euphonia godmanit, "58 35 ‘Tanith ostris, 58 et minuta, 58 pectoralts, 155 Aa violacea, 19, 58 europer, P. 106. 164 Excalfactoria :hinensis, 71 excnbitor, L, 166, 169 eximus, P. 76 Be Jasciata, C. 36, 71, 226, 258 op he KOR} fasciatus, P. 162 fastuosa, C. 99 Ficus smithi, 215 Jlammeus. P. 48, 152, 154 flummiceps, P. 8 flava, MM. 150 firvevla, S. 13, 71 fiavicollis, C. 290 fluviventris, S. 87 formosa, S. 195 franciscana, fer, 33 fringilla montifringilla, 71 Be ntvalts, 117, 302 Fringillaria seplemstriata, 42 Fringillid@, 41, 250 fringilloides, S. 36 frontalis, S. 38.94, 274 SJulicata, 7. 64 fuliginiosa, ©. 179 Fuligula cristata, 80 Furnartus rufus, 173 fuscata, E. 138 Juscatus, T. 269 fuscicaudata, O. 47 Index to Genera and Species. 311 G. gabonica, A, 180 Gaculus pectoralis, 262 galactodes, A. 295 gubula, O. 125 Galerita senegalensis, 126 Galeos: optes carolinensis, 145 galyulus L, 23 gambensis. D. 216 Geocichla citrina, 72, 199 Gevpelia cuneata, 82 - trangquilla, 7% godmani, E. 58 goliath, A. 205 gouldi, A. 126 gouldii, P. 7G 97 Grantina grantina, 87, 97 grandis, O. 163. 198 grisea, C. 82, 83 grisevla, C. 190 guinea, C 72 guituta, C. 96 pa S. 226 gutturalis, S. 96 Gymnbucco, 5 13(c hematina, S. 38, 180 har tlaubs, S. At Hedvmeles luaovicanus, 32 Heltobucce, 5 Hemignathus, 239 heuglini, H. 40, 41 hiemalis, J. 303 Hiervcoccyx varius, 67 Himiatone, 239 Hodydipua platura, 15% hemuatorhous, P. 76 hoemorrhous, MM. 55 honvrata, E. 268 horsfieldt, P. 47 hunsteint, D. 96, 163 Hyper gerus atriceps, 262 Hyphantornes, 5 Ayphantornis cuculatus, 40, 4t s heuglint. 40. 4t 9 melanocephalus, 40, 41 a3 vitellimus, 40, 41 Fivphanturgus brachyterus, 39 hypochila, A. 179 Hyochera eeu, 7 Aypauharmosyna wilhelmine, 210 Aly polais vpaca. 296 », polyglotta, 206 I. Lanthocincla ocellata, 26 icteroides, P. 67 icterotis, P. 23, 76, 78, 137 Icterus alberllt, 138, 196 » parisorum, 138, 196 50 xanthornis, 145 icterus, S. 58. 227 zoniculle, D. 204, 239, 270 wliacus, T. 228 indica, C. 10, 224 i UL 11 indicus, L. 283. 284 inornata, A, 163, 198 intermedia, C. 223 intermedius, M1 65 Lynx tor quilla, 297 Jefferyi, P. 205 Junco hiemakis, 303 I. laevis var. columbe, 287 6 » galling, 287 ns », phasiana, 287 Lagonosticta, brunniceps, 31 F duf esni, 31 a3 minima, 31 9 2ubsicuta, 29, 31 9 rufopita, 38 +5 senevala, 37 vinacea, 38 Lamprocolius chalybeus, 92, 137 5 chlor upterus, 92 pur pureus, 92 Lamp? otcrnis caudatus, 92 » chrvsonotts, 92 Laniarius barbarus, 215 35 turat, 216 Lanius collurio, 169 5 excubitor. 166, 169 55 minor, 169 »> mubius, 215 », pomeranus, 169, 215 larv ita, P. 13 lativostvis, A, 290 lawest, P. 96 layardi, P. 86 lazulinu, C. 54, 63 leclunchert, C. 51, 61, 64 leucocephalu 5G 263) leucogaster, P. 93 leuccmelas, P. 150 leucopleura, B. 290 leucupyeius, S. AT, 97 leucorrhoa, S. 294 lineata, C. 204 Liothrix luteus, 7% Lobornis, 239 longicauda, P. 163 longuemarit, 179 lophophaps plemigera, 78 Lophophorus refulgens, 225 Lophorina superba, 197 312 Index to Genera and Species. lophotes, O. 77, 195 Lortt marie, 163 Loriculus galgulus, 23 _ indicus, 283, 284 a, veynalis, 283, 284 Lorius domicella, 23, 76, 122 Loxvtodes, 239 Loxops, 239 ludovicanus, H, 32 ludovicana, P. 303 ap C. 296 ludwigit, D, 214 lugubris, S. 66 at M. 264 3 S. 66 luscina, D. 292 luteola, S. 39 lutescens, EB. 297 luteus, L. 7% luxuosa, X. 117 M. macrocercus, C. 180 macrura, P. 88 macrurus, C. 8 maculatus, O. 204 magnifica, D. 277 maji, M, 258 malabaricus, P. 190 malaconatus pollocephalus, 261 xe Sulphuretpecius, 261 Melanerps supercitiaris, 60 mualabarica, C. 26 malacca, M, 71 Malurus cvaneus, 96 Manncodia ater, 204 maria, L. 163 marshallorum, AM. 3, 4 Megalema, 5 on wiréus, 1. 4 j marshallorum, 3, 4 melanicterus, 269 melaleucus, 7. 97 melanocephala, P. 126 melanocephalus, H. 40, 41 09 ONGT Melanochar's, 239 melanope, M. 150 melanops, S. 144 melanotis, melaubucco, 5 melanura, £. 32 Melopus melanicterus, 269 Melopsittacus undulatus, 71, 226 es var. luteus, 73 Melospiza fasciata, 303 melpoda, E., 37 melpodus, S. 227 Merula boulboul, 181 _ car bunerta. 205 Mesia argentaurts, 85 Mesolucco, 5 mesoleucus, P. 292 - mertcanus, C. 32 meyert, E, 163, 197, 199 ~ % meyert, P. 24 ) minima, L. 31 minor, L. 169 py ae NB » Py. 297 \ minula, E. 58 a S. 96 , Molothi us, bonartensis, 20, 112 ; molpastes, bengalensts, 65 : “6 bur mantcus, 65 55 hemor hows, 65 } a interm:- dius, 65 ; Motacilla alba, 149 Ke 5h cam pesirts, 150 Monwtus subs ufesceus, 60 montifringilla, 7% Motacilla flava, 150 3 lugubris, 264 z x melanope, 150 i multicolor, ?. 73, 76 Munta castanetthorax, 96 »- maja, 258 ,, malacca, 7% », pectoralis, 72 » punctuara, 96 5, punciulata, 13, 258 » oryztvora V. alba, 71, 199, 227, mutans, S, 285, 287 Myiatestes townsendt, 37 Mytophoneus temmincki, 82 mystacea, P. 297 . N. Nectarinia pulchrella, 077 Neochmia pheton, 71, 194 Neophema petrophila, 23 micobarica, C. 14 nigricans, P. 86 nigriceps, S. 228 nigrigenis, A. 22, 73, 76,137,195, ~ 199, 247, 259 nigrigularis, T. 23 nigrirufa O 47 Nigrita bicolor, 35 Nilans afer, 215 nitens, P. 164 nivalis, F. 117. 302 nove-hollandi@, C. 13, 71, 226 me a Is Gfaf sieeis) nubicus, L. 215 Nymphicus uveensts, 196, 217 O. ocellata, J. 26 Ochromela nigrirufa. 47 Ocyphaps lophotos, 77, 195 Oceuopepelia tranquevarica, 65 é olivacea, P. 97 /udex to\.\Genera olivaceus, C. 291 onocrotalus, P. 140 opaca, H. 296 Orevcharts, 239 Orehesticus ater, 205 Orevpsittacus grandis, 163, 198 Ortolid@, 125 Orivlus auras, 125 ss galbula, 125 ne maculaus, 264 melanocephalus, 67 ornatus, C 205 on pheus, S. 296 Ortygospiza atricollis, 36 “ polvzona, 97 oryzivora Vv. alba, A. 71, 199, 227 Oryszoboride, 17 Oryzvburus, 19 torridus, 304 Ostinops viridis, 9S Otocompsa fuscicaudata, 47 12 Pale@ornis cyvanocephala, 73 me longicauda, 163 torquata, 17; 223 pallida, Z 87 pallidiceps, P. 77 palpebrosa, Z. 9, 218, 221 palustris, A. 295 paradisea, S. 7, 71, 227 aS VA Sig Up 5 apoda, 204 3 lawest, 96 ; minor, T24 FALLIANA, 95, 96 Paradisornis rudul phi, 163, 198 Pardalotus, 239 Parisoma plumbeum, 150 parisorwn, £. 138, 196 Par mophila. 239 Paroa ia cucullata, 236 A larvara, 13 parva. 5.19, 54, 174 Parus leucomelas, 150 Passer cinnamomeus, 190 », dentata 42, 116, 117, 304 » aiffusus, 42, 199, 228 » domesticus, 103 passerina, A, 72, 199, 245 5 C. 228 Pastor roseus, 200, 222 pectoralis, M. 72 x G. 262 5 R. 138 Pelicanus onocrotalus, 140 op rufesceus, 140 pelios, T. 291 peizelni, S, 191 Penthetria avdens, 257 Penthetrivpses macrura, 88 aud Species. 3 Penthol@ea albifvons, 294 a atva, 294 Pevdicula aygvondah, 304, 305 5 astatica, 304, 305 Pericrocotus brevirostrts, 154 flammens, 48, 152, 154 . Pernis apivorus, 79 personata, E. 32 es P..194 Petronia alligularts, 116 Fp dentata, 42, 116, 117 pelrophila, N. 23 Pheenopepla nilens, 164 phaeton, N. 71, 194 phaeopygius, 7. 173 phenicoplera, P. 38, 193 Philortyx fasciatus, 162 phoenica. C. 262 phenicoptera, P. 193 Pheenicurus mesoleucus, 292 PAECHICUIUS, 292 pheenicolus, P22 0re71, e194, 227 Pholidanges leucogas'er, 93 Phonr ipara canora, 194 olivaced, 97 Phylloscopus bonellit, 296 20 minor, 297 5 sibtlator, 296 55 trochilus, 297 pileatus, C. 193 Pinaroloxias, 239 Pinicola eucadort, 32 Pithecophaga jeffert, 205 Pilla brachyura, 12 Platicercus brownt1, 75 56 elegans, 76 - eximus, 76 - icterolis. 23, 76, 78, Dt pallidiceps, 77 platycercus, C. 263 Pliolidornis, 239 ploceide@, 7 ploceipasser super ciliosus, 39 Ploceus baya, 222 plumatus P. 261 podobe, C. 292 Pecephalus meyert, 24 senegalus, 72 Poephila aculicaudata, 72, 97. 199\) » gouldit. 71, 97 09 “personala, 194 De ees: MT. 26 Poliopsar malabarieus 188 Poliospiza canicapilla, 42 polyglotta, H. 296 Polytelus melanura, 77 polizona, O. 97 pluimbenm, P. 150 Lomatorhinus horsfieldi, 47 : erthrogenys. 26 schisticeps, 26 pomeranus, L. 169,215 314 Porphy ocephalus spurius, 23 Prinia mystlacea, 297 prasina. &. 71, 97 Pratincola rubetra, 294 6 vubicola, 294 principalis, V 7, 71, 257, 266 Prionochilus, 239 Prionops plumatus, 261 Prionolelus temnurus, 33 Pristorhampus, 239 procne, C. 29 31, 168 Psephotus chrysoplerygius, 272 oF hemator hous. 76 5 multicolour, 73, 76 Psithrostra. 239 psiltacea. E. 72, 96, 137 Psillacula passerina, 72, 199, 245 Psitles erythro’ terus, 76 Plilopus coronulatus, 204 pullaria, A. 72 pulchella, C. 210 9 N. 177 pulcher, S. 93 punctulata, M. 13 puncltuata, M. 96, 259 pur pureus, L. 92 pusilla, E. 297 Pycnorhamphus tcleroides, 67 Pyconotus, barbatus, 289 . capensis, 86 » layardi, 86 +0 nigricans, 86 e tricolour, 86 Pyranga ludoviciana, 303 Pyrenestes sanguinens, 36 Pyromelana afra. 8 re Jlammauceps, § 5 SJranciscana, 8 Pyrrhulauda australis, 87 3 melanocephala, 126 -. smitlht, 87 r verlicalis, 87 Pyrvhurus scandens, 291 Pytelia cilerior, 38 phenicoplera, 38, 193 O. Quelea erythrops, 35 » gutelea, 8, 257 Sp ALSST, 185 R. vaggaina P. 95, 96 Rallus pectorvalis, 138 veclivoslyis, A. 179 vefulgens, L. 225 vegius, C. 95, 204 veimwardli, C. 263 Rhamphastos ariel. 123 Rhamphocelus brasilius, 96 /ndex to Genera and Species. Rhampbhocharis, 239 : Rhyncotus rufescens, 59, 89 vubricala, L. 29. 3% vitfescens, P. 140 ” y R. 59, 89 vudol phi, P. 163. 198 voeseus, P. 200, 222 rosile, C. 63 rubelia, P- 294 vubicola P. 294 ~ 2ufa S. 294, rvuficauda, B. 72, 96. 137, 194: 199, 227 vufiollis, 7. 25 vufiventyis, 7. 172, 173 viufopicla, L. 38 vufus, F. 173 vusst, QO. 35 vulila, E. 173, 174, 192, 193 S. Sallator auvantrivostris, 173 sanguinenus, P. 35 Sarcoptes laevis var. columbe, 287 galling, 287 » ” phasiaua, 287 *n miulans, 285, 287 Saulavis, C. 10 Saxicola leucorrhoa, 294 ” 7Ufa, 294 scandens, P. 291 scapulatius. C. 213 schisticeps. P. 26 scinlillalus, C. 177, 210, 273 Selasphorus allent, 141 semplemstrviata, F’. 42 senegala, 1 37. 38 senegalensis, C. 178 ” ” 6 G. 127 9p 7. 39 38 Z. 150 senegalus, P. 72 7. 236 Sevinus angolensis, 88 0) capistvalis, 25 » flaviventris, 87 Lf harllaubt, 4t on ACLEVIUS 58227 sh lencopvetus, At. 97 5; sulphuratius, 228 sibilator, P. 296 Simlorhis, 5 simplex, S. 296 Silagrva luteola, 39, 41 Siva cyanoplera, 81 smilhi, F. 215 PO) Spermestes bicolor. 36 Ae cucullala, 36, 71, 255 Sringilloides. 36 5 NIgViceps, 228 Index to Genera and Species. Spermophila analis, 19, 25, 174 : gulluvalis, 96 OF miniula, 96 - ” parva, 19, 54, 174 : Spermopil@, 15, 19, 25 R Spiza americana, 117 Pn 26 splendidus, C. 178 Spermospiza hematina, 38, 180 Sprveginthus amandava, 71, 222, 226, 227 melpodus, 227 Spovopipes frontalis, 38, 94, 274 Spreo pulcher, 93 Spurius, P. 23 Steganoplena guttata. 226 Steganura paradisea, 7, 71, 227 stella, C. 210 slephanie, A. 163, 198 Stenloreus, A. 270 Slitcolema, 5 sticoplera annulosa, 97. 194 Stictospiza formosa, 195 Stoparola albicandata. 48 0 melanops. 144 Slreperus, A. 130, 295 striata, U. 221 sub-alpina, S, 296 subflava, E. 37 subrefescens, MM. 60 subularis, A. 163, 198 sulphuratus, S, 228 sulphurerpectus, M. 261 superba, L. 197 superciliaris, Af, 60 superciliosus, P. 39 Surniculus lugubris, 66 Sycalis Hlaveola, 13. 7% » pelzelni, 191 Sylvia atvicaptlla, 199, 201, 228, 296 3» cinerea, 296 », orvpheus, 296 » simplex, 296 », sub-alpina. 296 syndaclyla, X. 290 1. Tachyphonus cafer, 276 - melaleucus, 96 Taha, P. 88 Zanagra episcopus, 19, 96 a vyuficollis, 25 Taentopygia castanotis, 13, 97, 226, 227 Telephonus senegalus, 216 lemmencki, M. 82 temnurus, P. 33 lemporalis, 42. 96 Lephrocorys cinerea, 87 Textor senegalensis, 39 Thamnobia cambaiensis, 64 3 Julicala, 64 thilius, A. 173 thoracia, C. 25 lickelli, C. 47 7inamus, 90 tincta, C. 297 Zinnunculus. 300 lorquata, P. 77, 223 turridus. O. 304 townsendt. M. 30 Zra hi phonus cafer, 87 tranquilla. G. 71 tranquebarica, O. 65 Trichoglossus nigviularis, 23 315 = nove-hollandie, 77, Tricholema, 5 tricolor. P. 86 trivialis, A, 126 Trochalopterum cachinnaus, 47 trochilus, &. 297 tuvan. 216 turdoides. A. 270 Lurdus cryplopyrrha, 291 » fuscalus. 269 3, tlacus, 228 9 pelts, 291 » phaeop\ gius, 173 » wvufiventyis, 172, 173 ZTurnix varia, 96, 97 U. unaulalus, M 71, 226 oF, v. luteus, Al. 73 Upupa indica, 11 Orobrachya albonotala, $8 Uvobrachye, 180 Urocharis, 239 Uroloncha cautaus. 36 i domestica, 71, 227 - slriala. 228 nuveensis, IV. 196, 197 V. varia, 7. 96, 97 varius, Hf. 67 venuslvis, C. 178 vernalrs, L. 283. 284 versicolor. C. 64 verlicalis, C. 179, 293 9 125, thy) Vesharia, 239 Vidua ardens., 29, 31, 114, 257 » paradisea, 7. 71 5. principalis, 7, 71, 257, 266 vinacea, L. 38 violacea. E. 19, 58 vaens, A. 290 186 316 Index to Genera and Species. vivens, M.1,4 xanthornoides, C. 262 sul eo Sy] Xanthuva luaxuosa. 117 viridiflava, E. 297 Xenvechla canicapilla, 290 viridis, C. 96, 259 ae syudactyla, 290 vitellinus, Hl. 40, 41 Vultuvid@, 242 Vb. Ww. Zoneginthus bellus, 24 Zoslerops capensis, 87 wilhelmine, FH. 210 ie byunniicaudata, 205 ey pallida. 87 X. sh palpebrosa. 9, 218, 221 . » senegalensis, 150 Xantholema, 5 : a virens, 87 axanthornis, L. 145 u ( INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES 317 OF - BIRDS. A, Accentor, The, 54, 202 se Alpine, ee Jerdon’s, 137, 160, 191, 228, 254 Avadavat, The 14, 24, 44, 68, 71, 136, 222, 226, 227. 253, 254 ” Green, 24, 44, 136, 195, 253, 254 273 B. Babbler, The, 67, 82 = Black-crowned, 263 winged, 263 ” ” ] A Broad-tailed, 263 * Oriole, 262 Rg Rusty-cheeked Scimitar, 26 a Zee 47 as Slaty-headed Scimitar, 26, 2 = Yellow- eved, 21, 82 Barbet, The, 1, 152 ” Crested, 87 5 Giant, 1, 271, 277, 278 “fy Great Chinese, 4 s » Himalayan, 4 “ Levaillant’s, 275, 276 “= Lineolated, 204 Bee Kater, ‘he, 152 Bengalese, ‘The, 13, 14. 44, 71, 76, 136, 227 Bird of Paradise, ‘Ihe, 74, 94, 123, 162, 172, 204 Black Manucode, 204 Blue, 163, 197 ” ” ” ” ” ” Blue Manucode, 125 oF Count Raggi’s, 95, 96, 124, 125 “5 oF D’Alberti’s, 125 oO ay Greater, 163, 204. 270 as ae Hunstein’s, 96, 124, 125, 163, 276, 277 ” = King, 26, 27, 95, 124, 204, 270, 277 oy ' TLawes, 96 e a 5, Six-plumed, 125 AF =F Lesser, 125 Be on Manucode, 204 es ES Meyer’s sickle-billed, 196 a i Princess Stephanie’s, 198 “4 55 Red, 125 = oe Superb, 125, 162, 196 Poe 7 ‘Twelve-wired, 125 a5 a5 Violet, 125 Bishop, ‘The, 6, 180 os Crimson-crowued, 8 Rs Orange, 8 3 Napoleon, 8 Bittern, 302 Blackbird, The, 54, 109, 121, 202, 232, 235 : 279, 280 Argentine, 269 Blackcap, ‘The, 44, 109, 127, 137, 160, 170 199, 201, 228, 281, 296 Black-headed Caique, 273 Blue Bird, The, 163 Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot, 272 Bower Bird, he, 198, 238, 269 a », Gardener, 198 5 Orange-crested, 198 Brambling, ‘The, 44, 71, 280 Budgerigar, ‘he, 14, 22, 53, 107, 137, x8r, 187, 226, 268 os Green, 44, 68, 71, 78, 254 Yellow, 44, 68, 73, 78, 254 ” Bulbul, The, 14, 47, 65 3 Black- fronted, 33 Blue-winged en 275 +3 Chestnut- tailed, 290 i Curl-crested, 78 8 oe Dusky, 289 ph Fraser's, 201 Be Goid-fronuted, 260, 275 ae Grey- headed, 290 a5 Malabar, Green, as Moustached, 290 = Red-vented, 65, 77, 260 ~ 53 Red-whiskered 32, 137, 228, 251, P 275 - Syrian, 86 5 White-cheeked, 78 9 White-bellied, 290 rH Yeliow-necked. 290 -throated, 291 Bullfinch, “The, 44, 105, 106-109, 121, 164, 202, 252; 285 Bunting, Black-headed, 78, 254, 303 Pe Black-throated, 117 of Blue, 54 ee Cape Kock, 25, 274 za Chinese, 192 Wa Cirl, 189, 202, 251, 280, 281 = Corn, 202, 222, 280 3 Golden-breasted, 42 Be Indigo, 17, 18, 25, 61, 145, 146, 161, 199, 251, 253, 254 - Japanese Red-headed, 192 es Latham ’s (or Hair-crested), 269 By Lapland, 280 53 Lazuli, 50, 64 - Leclanche or Rainbow, 51, 61, 146, 271, 274 a Nonpareil, 18, 51, 61, 62, 145, 251, 253; 275 ¥ Pileated, 62 a Pintailed, 251 on Red-winged Rock, 42 Ar Reed, 129, 251, 280 oa Rainbow, 51, 61, 146, 271, 274 as Ruddy, 173, 192, 251 - Snow, 127, 128, 251, 265, 280, 28r, 302, 303 aa Yellow, 44, 202, 232 S browed, 25, 31 Bustard, The, 110 Great, go Buzzard, "rhe, 79 7 Houey, 79 Cc, Canary, The, 9, 12, 14, 20, 21, 44, 68,137, __ 161, 166, 187, 199, 226, 227 =" Belgian, 2 ae Norwich. 84 Capercaille, The, 84 Cardinal, ‘Ihe, 20, 44, 107 A Black-throated, 206 = Brazilian, 84 a Crimson, 78 318 Index to English Names of Birds. Cardinal, Dominican, 13, 14 Green, 14, 24, 73, 78, 79, 120, 122 ay Grey, 111, 236 Pope, 78, 111 Red-crested, 73, 78 > > Virginian, 32. 44, 135, 206, 302 Caryamas, Burmeister’s, 206 Cassowary, Mountain, 163, 198 Catbird, The, 145, 146 ay Carolina, 251 Chaffinch, he, 107, 109, 202 Chat, Senegambian black, 204 3, White-fronted Black, 294 Chat-Thrush, Lesser White-eared, 203 White-crowned, 293 Chiff-chaf, The, 54, 297 Chloropsis, The, 151 Blue-winged Green, 275 Gold- fronted, 26 Chough, 279, 280 Clarionet Biri, The, 30 Coachwhip Bird, The, 97 Cockateel, The, 13, 14, 53, 71, 77, 79, 84; 195, 220, 272 ” Cockatoo, Banksian, 258 Great Black, 204 Lemon-crested, 273 Pink-crested, 84 Rose, 84 Coleys, 27, 275 Colins, White-cheeked, 88 Combassou, 5, 7, 42, 78 Couure, Brown-cheeked, 206 a Golden-crowned, 72 . Jendaye, 53 ; White-eared, 136 Coot, The, 159 3, ._ Purple, 140 Cordon Bleu, 5, 12, 36, 42, 71, 78, 136, 148, 194, 227, 228, 254, 256, 267 Cormorant, The, 80 Cowbird, The, 173 Ruddy, 206 -shouldered, 20, 21, 120, 121, 147 ¢ Silky, 20-22, 77, 112, 120, 121, 147 a Yeilow-shouidered, 206 Crane, The, 110, 301 Crowned, 14 Demoiselle, 14, 206 Gigantic, 301 Great Grey, 301 4) sarus, 14 Creeper, Brown, 144 Crescent Widow Bird, 114 Crow, ‘he, 62, 104, 232, 234 Carrion, 213, 233, 234 Indian, a > King 66 5 izal, 20 Cuckoo, The, 47, 116, 269 Drongo, 66 Indian, 269 Long-tailed, 114 Pheasant, 206 Shining, 116 Curlew, The, 233, 234, 301 Cutthroats, The, 14, 36, 226, 258, 273 » ? ” 99 cE 4 ” Dy Maye! Bird, ‘The, 10, 77 Javan. 204 Dove, “The, 14, 17; 44, 233 Aurita, 78, 148, 254 Barbary, 140 Barred, 140 Bocage’s Red-eyed, 140 Brown, 65 a Dove, Cape, 44 x, Diamond, 44, 68, 72, 78, 82, 161, 1900, 251, 254 » Dongola Palm, 140 x» Dwarf Ground, 189, 190 a 77) eburtliog 7s >» Egyptian Palm. 140 x, Ground, 82, 253 x5 Passerine, 78 228, 254 x» Peaceful, 44. 71, 78, 120, 147, 253 s; Piumed Ground, 7 3, Red Turtle, 65 1,5 Ring, 65, 268 » Senegal, 149 + Spotted, 65, 263 9, stock, 234 3, Valpacoti, 162, 190 » Turtle, 268 >» Zebra, 44, 84 Drongo, Fork-tailed, 214 is Square-tailed, 214 Duck, American Wood, 115 3, Garganey, 14 x» Mandarin, 14, 115 x, Lufted, 80 3» Whistling ‘Tree, 114 E. Eagle, The, 110 », Golden, 79, 201, 242-245 3, Imperial, 242 + Monkey, 205 1, Sea, 79 Egret, Buff-backed, 143 ., White, 14, 224 Emu, 206 F. Falcon, Greenland, 79 » Peregrine, 79, 203 Falcons and Herons, 300 Fantail, The, 116 A Black, 143 New Zeaiand, 238 Ne Pied, 143 Finch, Alario, 29, 88, 98 3, Aurora, 38, 78, 193, 251 Australian Fire-tail, 24, 97 Bearded, Scaly-fromuted, 38, 4, 274 x, Bib, 136 >», Bicheno, 14, 254 Black-throated, 84 Butterfly, 194 Cartagenian, 19 ” Cherry, 29, 78, 254 Chestnut-breasted, 96, 119, 147, 253 Crimson, 24, 68, 70, 71, 78, 120, 136, - 194, 252, 256 Crimson-winged, 120, 147, 193 » Cuba, 194, 254 Diamond, 44, 226, 252 Diuca, 25, 88 Dominican, 19, 54 »» Dusky, 149, 254 Fire-red, 96 3, Gouldian. 14, 24, 44, 71, 79, 97, 113, 119, 120, 251, 252, 256. 274, 285 ” » Green, 280 — x Green-singing, 41, 77; 78, 79; 107, 227, 253 » Grey 9 41, 77; 97; 253 Grey- “headed Yellow, 206 Guttural, 96 Indian Olive, 206 Kaffir, 8 Index to E-nglish Names of Birds. 210 Finch, Lavender, 37, 76, 254, 274 » Masked, 14 » Melba, 24, 25, 274 » Mexican Rose, 138 » Nutmeg, 96, 258, 273 » Olive, 149, 254 ., Olive Cuba, 25, 77,97, 149 » Painted, 24, 25, 148, 274 » Parrot, 24, 72, 77, 96, 97, 137, 199 206, 253, 260, 274 » Parson, 24, 206 + Parva, 145 +» Pectoral, 14, 78, 252 ., Pelzeln’s Saffron, 78, 148, 180, ror, 255 ., Pileated, 78, 120, 147, 162, 193, 251, 274 . Pink-browed Rose, 191 +» Quail, 36, 44, 77, 86, 87, 97, 1°9, 255 », Red-headed, 14, 29, 31, 70, 77, 78, 79; 119, 120, 137, 251, 253, 254 » Ribbon, 44, 70, 77- 112, 130, 253, 273 + Ringed, 78, 97, 149, 194, 254 ., Rose, 206, 222 », Saffron, 13, 20, 68, 70, 78, 122, 149, IQI, 192, 254 » Scaly-crowned, 86, 274 », Slaty-backed, 251, 253 +» Slaty-grev, 25 = Snow, 117 » Spice, 13, 77 » Strawberry, 84 » Striated, 84, 228 ;, Tropical Seed, 304 » White-throated, 19, 25, 77 » Yellow-rumped, 253 » Zebra, 13, 14, 24, 44, 70, 77, 97: 112, 136, 140, 226, 227, 253, 254, 273 Firefinch, Common, 5, 7, 14, 31, 37, 38, 44, 136, 256 Fr Spotted, 38 Vinaceous, 5, 38 Flamingo, The, 14, 91 Flower-Pecker, Flame- breasted, 204, 259, 270 ay Scarlet-hacked, 239, 240 = ‘Tickell’s, 23g, 240 Flycatcher, The, 152, 162 i Black and Orange, 248 5 Black, 214 a Blue, 48, 118 ve Great-billed, 275 P5 Grev-headed, 48 r Indian, 154 = Paradise, 47, 48 - Pied, 281 nS Red-crested Tyrant, 146, 206 - Shining, 164 a ‘Vickell’s S, 47, 305, 5 Verditer, 144, 200, 275 Ss White-browed Fantailed, 47; 48 White eye-browed, 206, 27 Friar bird, The, 163 Fowl, 285 » Guinea, 285 Fruitsucker, Blue-winged Green, 275 a Gold-fronted, 26, 269 G, Gannet, The, 80 Ghost birds, 301 Goldfinch. ‘he, 44, 115, 166, 202, 233, 251, 252, 285 Goshawk, ‘he, 79, 283 Geese, African, 14 », Barred, 14 Gnatcatcher, Western, 50 Grassfinch, ‘The, 70, 283 Grassfinch, Longtailed, 68, 72, 78, 79, 97, 119 136. 147, 161, 162, 206, 227, 252, 253, 274 A Masked, 78, 148, 104, 253 A Pectoral, 72 Rufous-tailed, 14, 44, 68, 72, 78, 96, 119, 136, 137, 147, 161, 194, 199, 200, 227, 251, 252, 253 Grallinas, Pied, 97 Grebe, Great Crested, 159 Greenfinch, The, 166, 167, 202, 252, 280 Grosbeak, ‘The, 19, 32, 152, 173, 174 ne Black-headed, 50 55 Black and Yellow, 67 + Blue, 88, 112, 137, 160, 228, 254 a Rose-breasted, 32 Grouse, ‘The, 203 rr Black, 81 Br Red, 81, 89, 150 - Sand, 80 “Willow, 138 Gull, The, 232, 234 H. Hanguest. The, 18, 5', 253 s Black--ided, 138 4 Brazilian, 162 FF; Green 98 3 Mexican, 138, 196 Red-headed. 97 Yeilow, 07, 145 Harrier, The, 79 or, Marsh, 79 Montagu's, 79 Hawfinch, ’ rhe, 59, 206, 270, 280, 281 3 Black-tailed, 32 5 Japanese, 25, 32 Hawk, The, 6, 172, 214 a GOST », Hobby, 80 ;, Kestrel. 80, 172, 202 Sparrow, 79, 233 Hemipode, Varied, 90. 97, 196 Hermaphrodite Bulbu!, 299 Heron, ‘The, 2, 172, 202, 205, 233, 234; 302 » Goliath, 205 Purpie, 80 » White, 237 Honeyeater, The, 200 Honeysucker, The, 209 Hoopoe, The, 50, 206 Hornbill, he, 269 Humming Bird, The, 141, 303 FP) > Allen’s, 141 Fi Ama, 50 ” HYBRIDS: Alario Finch x Canary, 99 Nutmeg Finch x Bronze Mannikin, 258, 207 Pectoral x Rain Quail, 138 Spice Finch x Bengalese, 13 Fe x Black- headed Nun, 13 St” Helena Seedeater x Canary, 57 x Saffron Finch, 195 ” ” ‘Turtle Dove x Ring Dove, 267 White-headed Mannikin x Cuttthroat, 258, 267 I Ibis, Glossy, 80 Indian Crow, The, 46 “ Hoopoe, Ir Pittay 125027, ce Roller, 10, 224 Toras, 152 ie Jackass, The Laughing, 3or Jackdaw, Albino, 32, 206 Jay, The, 2, 50, 171, 232, 233, 234, 250, 280 oy eles To; 224 py) CECE 7A », Mexican Green, 27, 117, 277 ;, Peruvian Green, 206 . Pileated, 206 K. Kingfisher, lhe, 116, 142, 152, 224 Laughing, 26, 27 Kite, The, 79, 104, I10 Kittiwake, The, 232, 234 Koel, ‘The, 47 i, Tark, The, 54. 202, 280 aS Chestnut-backed Finch, 87 A Red-capped, 87 5 Senegal-crested, 126 55 Shore, 280 3 Sky, 126, 280 5 Silver, 280 fs White-shouldered Sparrow-, 126 Wood, 87 Leatherhead, 301 Linnet. The, 32, 44, 54, 166, 251, 252 Liothrix, Yellow-bellied, 254 Lory, Black, 161, 211, 227, 228, 268, 284 5 3 -winged, a 138, 175, 207-212 Blue- streaked, is Dusky, 208, 212 55 Fair, 210 5 Purple-capped, 23, 76, 122, 176, 105 53 oy -naped, 272, 273 - Red, 212 -fronted, 272, 273 ” ” “3 Stella, 163, 210 aa Victoria, 163, 198 = Violet-necked, 23, 49 Pe White-backed, 138, 208 Wilhelmina’s, 163 Yellow- streaked, 210 Lorikeet, Black- throated, 23 55 Blue Mountain, 77 cS Forsten’s, 163 - Red Collar, 23 an Sealy-breasted, 206 Swainson’ S, 23, 186 Lovebird, she p22523 cf Black- cheeked, 22, 44, 73, 79, 136, 137, 149, 161, 195, 190, 203, 245, 249, 253, 268, 272 Pe Black-throated, 23 af Blue-winged, 72, 161, 199, 245 5 Brown-cheeked, 23 Pe Guiana, 272 fF Madagascar, 28, 44, 71, 77 i Peach-faced, 259, 272 rs Red-faced, 23, 44, 272 a Red-headed, 72 3 Rosy-faced, 259, 272 M. Macaw, The, 23 BS Blue and Yellow, 206 as Illiger’s, 206 5 Military, 206 Index to E-ngiish Names of Birds. Magpie, The, 44, 233. 234, 238, 253, 259, 280 55 Robin, ro, rr Mannikin, The, 14, 44, 305 69 Bronze, 5, 30, 71. 77 ee Magpie, 5, 26, 44 Rufous-backed, 137, 160, 228, 253 53) ‘Tricolouved, 71 * Two-coloured, 36 i White-headed, 77 Marshbird, Yellow-breasted, 146 Martin, Phe, 232 Mesia, Silver-eaved, 81, 82, Minivet, Phe, 48, 151 Klame-coloured, 152 - Orange, 152 Mocking-bird, The, 17, 18, 54. 266 A “5 American, 206 Cuban, 97 ” Saturnine, 97 Moorhen. The, 233 Motmot, Cartagenian, Mouse Birds, 27 Mynah, Greater Hill, 277 a Indian, 162 A Malabar, 138, 161, 162, 188 206, 254, 269 »” ” ‘The, 60, 07 N. Native Companion, 301, 302 Nightingale, Che, 105, 281, 202 Niltava, Rufous-bellied, 27 Nonpareil, The, 14, 17, 54 - Pintail, 71, 97, 285 Nun, The, 13 » Black-headed, 14 Nutcracker, ‘he, 32 Nuthatch, The, 105 Indian, 205, 276 O. Oriole, The, 0, 152, 224, 206 », African Golden, 125 ;, Black-headed, 67 Bullock, 50 s Golden, 125, 206, 261 », Maroon, 205, 206 » Spotted, 204 Osprey, he, 162 Ouzel, Grey-backed, 162 5 Grey-winged, 52. 82, 111, 134, 135, 139, 160, 162, 181, 205, 228 » Himalayan, 236 » Ring, 121, 135 » White-coloured, 07 Oven Bird, The, 97, 173 a A Red, 146 Owl, ‘The, 57, 224 3 Little: 105 », More-perk, 116 Oxbird, ‘The, 39 Oxpecker, he, 94, 214 Pe Parrakeet, ‘he, 16, 253, 285 All Green, 206, 223 ay Barnard’s, 206 es Blossom-headed, 73 5 Blue Bonnet, 76, 206, 272, 273 Pa Broadtail, 76 - Brown's, 76, 272, 273 as Canary-winged, 206 Crimson-winged, 76, 272 Index to English Names of Birds. BO) Parrakeet, Elegant Grass, 272, 273 re Gold-fronted, 256 a Golden-shouldered, 272 » Grass, 84 pS Hanging, 283, an King, 23, 76, 84 m1 Lineolated, 23 fe Many-Coloutr, 68, 73. 76; 77 Mealy Rosella, 77, 136 Passerine, 68, 161, 245 Pennant’s, 76, 161, 199, 200 Pileated, 23, 253, 272, 273 Red-rump, 78, 79, 130 Ring-neck, 77, 256, 272 Rock Grass, 23 Rock-Pebbler, 77 oA Rosella. 53, 76 is Rose-winged, 223 +5 Senegal, 256 5 Stanley, 23, 68, 76, 78, 70, 161. 199, 240 a ‘Tovi, 206 A Tui, 206 SS Uvoeen, 195, 217 Yellow-naped, 77 Parrot, The, 16, 23, 285 Ba Amazon, 253 Blue-fronted, 24, 273 » “5 Cuban, 273 > Black-headed Caique, 24 + Blue-crowned Hanging, 23, 272 »» Heclectus, 209 os - Red-sided, 206 » Grand EKclectus, 206 » Grey, 24, 273 > Hawk-headed, 273 » Indian Rock, 187 3 Mever’s, 24, 273 = See a 24 5 Senegal, Partridge, The, He 81, 89, 138, 285 3 evptan, 140 “s French, Peafowl, ‘The, 152, i Pekin, Pink- éved, 84 Pelican, The, 140! 302 Pendulum Bird, 97 Peregrine, ‘The, 203 Pericrotus, Orange, 140 Pheasant, lhe, 44, 90, 152, 224, 232, 234, 285 ” 2 3 Amherst’s, 73 3 Golda, 73 a Monal, 225 Silver, 73 Phoebe, Black, 50 Pie, Senegal, 213 Pigeon, Black Fantail, 97 a Bleeding Heart, 84, 204 » Blue Rock, 223 aS Bronze, 84 >» Brush Bronze-winged, 72, 238 » Crested, 77, 84, 195, 254 “ Fruit, 151 - Goura, 162 ha Lilac Crowned Fruit, 24 - Nicobar, 14, 97 F Plumed Ground, 72 o Squatter, 238 FP ‘Triangular Spotted, 72, 206 cA White Fantail, 97 7 Wild, 238 » Wood, 233 z Wonga Wonga, 238 ns Yellow Fantail, 72 Pipit, ‘he, 87. 126, 280 » Rock, 280 » Tawny, 126 » tree, 105, 126, 280 » Yellow-throated Long-claw, 127 Pitta, ‘he, 224 Porphyrio, ‘The, 152 Ptarmigan, The, 81 Oe Quail, The, 12, 20, 44, 81, 146, 223, 395 ys Argoondah, 304 », Californian, 115, 146, 162 » Chinese, 135, 304 » Cuban, 78 +» Harlequin, 72, 251, 253, 25° » Indian Bush, 305 ». Jungle Bush, 304, 305 ., Mexican, 162 a Rainted, 25) 715170; 29,253 s, Pectoral, 7 », Ratt, 304 -, Rock Bush, 305 R. Rail, Australian, 138, 162 », Mexican, 146 > Water, 158 Raven, lhe, 110, 201 Redpoll, The, 44 ie Mealy, 280 Redstart, he, 109, 292 - Black, 105,-281 a Plumbeous, 27 A White-capped, 26, 206, 275, 276 Redwing, Ihe, 228 Rhea, ‘The, 14 Robin, ‘The, 54. 139, 230, 233, 234, 254, 205 ,, American, 97 ,. Black-backed, 64 ,, Brown-backed, 64 » Indian, 64 », Pekin, 14, 15, 44, 70, 81, 137; 174, 275, 283 Roller, he, 152, 214, 224 » Blue, 206 Rook, The, 233, 234 Rosy Pastor, he, 50, 200 Ss. Saltator, Great, 146 Sandpiper, The, 235 Seedeater, Augols 162 a Helena, 87, 98, 162 - Silomaiw, {60, 228 Serin, Black-faced, 25, 274, 275 » Yellow- rumped, 88 Shag, he. 80 Shama, The. 10, 27, 30, 253, 260 Sheldrake, Commiou, 14 . Ruddy, 14 Shikra, The, 67 Shrike, Barbary Bush, 215 cf Black-crested Cuckoo, 262 aS Black-headed Bush, 216 ie Crimson-shouldered Cuckoo, 262 45 Great Grey, 186 eS Grey-headed, 261 = Longtailed, 215 7 Masked, 215 5 Orange-breasted, 261 3 Puff back, 216 as Red-backed, 166, 215 White-plumed Helmet, 261 Sibia, Black- headed, 27, 53, 82, 206, 269 Silverbill, The, 6, 36, 227 Siskin, The, 202, 251, 280 322 Index to English Names of Birds Siskin, Black-capped, 206 of headed, 137 Himalayan, rgt Hooded, 88, 162, 206, 274, 275 = Mexican, 138 Siva, The, 82 » Blue-winged, 27, 81, 88 Skylark, The, 17, 233 smew, The, 80 Soldier Bird, 301 Snow Bird, 303 Solitaire, Vownsend’s, 31 Sparrow, The, 9, 17, 65, 103, 152 Be Cinnamon, 78, 148, 189, 190 AN Diamond, 24, 79, 119, 120, 147, 254 Dongola, 140 Gold, 251 Greater Rock, 116 Grey-headed, 42, 160, 199, 228 =A Hedge, rar a Indian, 65 Java, 140 » Grev, 44.77 As White, 44, 70, 78, 112, 161, 199, 227, 252, 254 = Lesser Rock, 42, 116 - Rock, 304 Melodious, 303 rs Savannah, 303 » Swainson’s, 253 ‘Tree, 189 Western Chipping, 50 spectacle Bird, ‘he, 9 Spice Bird, ‘The, 14, 44 Sprosser, The, 59 Starling, The, 188, 229, 280 33 Amethyst, 93 = Chopi, 77. 206 Glossy, 14, 27, 44, 77, 92, 277 Golden-eared Glossy, 92 Green Glossy, 92, 137, 206 - Long-tailed Glossy, 92 Malabar, 136 Purple, 93 Purple-headed Glossy, a2 Red-headed, 277 Rose-coloured, 104, 222 Short-tailed Glossy, 93 Yellow-shouldered Meadow, 146, 173 Stock-whip Bird, jor Stonechat, he, 105, 204 Stork, The, 54, 302 0 White, 80 Sugar Bird, The, 26 Black-faced, 20, 275 ei aA re headed, 26, 162, 206 a », Blue, 26, 145, 206, 275 5 Green, B8 Yellow-winged, 26, 32, 96, 100, 162, 260, 27 ” ” ” ” oi) Sulphury Vyrant, 206 Sunbird, The, 99, 151, 152, 259 Beautiful, 177 Buff-breasted, 178 - ,, throated, 178 Ao Carmelite, 178 ia Copper, 178 i Ehrenberg’s, 292 x Green-headed, 179 Little Brown and White, 179 Orange-breasted, 29, 37, 99 Scarlet-collared, 178 es os chested, 178 Splendid, 178 ‘Tropical- “collared, 179 Violet-backed, 179 White-eared, 118 Yellow-breasted Long-tailed, 151 chinned collared, 179 ” Sun Bittern, 97 Surprise Bird, rr Swallow, The, 54, 232, 234, 265 Masked Wood-, 88 Tr. ‘Tanager, ‘he, 18, 29, 44, 54, 173, 303 » All Green, 96, 162, 259 os Archbishop, 25, 206, 253, 260 os Black, 77, 96, 138 55 5 clieékedaizs a ;, faced, 162 Be 3, leaded, 205 5 », throated, 25, 275 2 Blue, 9, 25, 96, 162, 253 oA Blue-wing, 96, 162 A Dwarf, 58 ES Emerald, 25 as Godman, 58 ep Magpie, 25, 162, 275 vy Maroon, 275 +3 Olive, 253, 260 ie Olivaceous, 25 Palm, 162 Pectoral, 155, 206 its Red-throated Blue, 25, 275 ay Rufous-throated, 25, 275 . Scarlet, 20, 21, 25, 44, 96, 253, 260 a Shining, 102 Spotted Kmerald, 26, 96, 275 Striated, 275 on Superh, 25. 96 “ ‘Thick-billed, 58 *h Tricolour, 25, 253, 275 55 Violet, 19, 58, 137, 155, 206, 260 Veal, Ihe, 146 Thrush, The, 17-20, 22, 54, 109, 120, 139, 173, 202, 220, 235 1 Ethiopian, 291 1 Biue-whistling, 82 nF Chinese spectacle, 78 A Laughing, 47 ” Mexican Blue, 146, 206 no Missel, 232, 234 a) Olive-backed, 17, 19, 145, 251 we Orange-headed, - Red-bellied, 146, 172 a Rufous-chinned Laughing, 27 a » -winged, 292 ay Sone, 280 3 Senegambian, 291 on White-crested Jay, 206 » Spotted Laughing, 26 Vinamou, Great, 59 o Martineta, 89 ; Rufous, 89 Sits The, 56, 235, 281 Aa Bearded, 281 5, Black, 150 », Blue, 44, 56, 235 », Californian Bush-, 50 3, Coal, 171, 203 ye Elite 56 », Great, 150 5, Japanese Red-sided, 276 », Marsh, 56, 203 5, Penduline, 56 » Piumbeous Hill, 150 ‘Youcan, lhe, 1 55 Aviel, 76, 123 an Orauge-breasted, 146 a4 Sulphur-breasted, 27 ‘Youraco, Vhe, 27 ‘Treecreeper, 281 Trogon, Cuban, 33-35, 224 ‘Yroupial, Black and Amber, 146, 206 ay Ruddy-shouldered, 78, 206 Index to English Names of Birds. B28 ‘Turkey, 285 ‘Twite, 202, 251, 252 Wie Umbrella Bird, 205 Uvoean Parrakeet, 217 Vie Virginian Nightingale, 14 Vulture, The, 62, 110, 242 W Wagtail, The, 17, 44, 109, 126, 153, 234 an Blue-headed Yellow, 150 ” Grey, 750 ae Pied, 128, 264 ~) White, 149 oe Willie, 238 ” Yellow, 100, 105, 150, 252, 281 Warbler, Audabon, 51 as Blackcap, 251 “A Blue-throated, 59, 88 9 Boneili’s, 296 ¥ Buff-frouted, 296 es Chiffchaft, 205 ne Dartford, 80 “6 Egyptian Reed, 270 “7 Garden, 296 ah Grasshopper, 109, 281 7 Grey, 104 _ Long-tailed, 295 75 Marsh, 295 Melodious Tree. 296 oF Orphean, 296 4 Reed, 130-132, 205 re Ruby-throated, 275, 276 ; Rufous, 295 Ay Sedge, 8, 132 aa Short-winged, 295 “ty Sub-Alpine, 296 » Willow, 50, 109, 295, 207 fn Western Olivaceous Tree, 299 x Wood, 296 Yellow, 50, 295 Water Hen, 232 Waxbills, The, 5, 13, 14, 78, 180 on Black-cheeked, 86 - » -faced, 274 “5 Blue-breasted, 97, 228, 267 ne Dufresne’s, 29, 31, 98 Golden-breasted (or Zebra), 24, 37) 445 68, 136, 254, 273 ” Grey, £3, 37, 254 a Melba, 38 Orange-cheeked, 6, 13, 24, 37, 44, 226, 254, 273 Rose-breasted, 226 AN Ruddy, 29, 31 =F St, Helena, 13, 24, 98, 273 ay Sydney, 96, 206 5 Violet-eared, 25, 86, 97, 274 Weaver, The, 5, 14, 180, 222 “y Black-headed, 40 7 Blue-billed, 180 » Buffalo, 5, 54 ae Gaboon, 24 + Grenadier, 44, 73 * Half-masked, 40, 73 », Madagascar, 44, 73 1H Napolean, 73 “1 Orange, 44, 180 s, Paradise, 6 , A Red-billed, or Waxbilled, 8, 77, 257 ee Red-headed, 35 + Rufous-necked, 274 ” Russ’s, 35) 77 Scaly-crowned, 24 Ay Scarlet, 227 F; ‘Textor, 5 sf) Yellow. 5, 29,3 ” Yellow- Ghomidered, 180 Whieatear, Ihe, 54, 251. 252 7 Black-eared, 294 Russet, 295 Whinchat, 251, 204 White-eye, he, 9, 87, 218, 222, 237, 282 5 Brown-tailed, 205 = Indian, 218-221, 282 Senegal, 150 White-eyebrowed Wood Swallow, 276 Whitethroat, The, 128, 201, 296 AA Greater, 105, 109, 251, 252 Lesser, 109, 201, 251, 252 Whydah, Whey 5; 180, 251 Giant, 31, 44, 160, 198, 228 ba Great- tailed, 29, 99 AO Paradise, 7, 8, 14, 70, 226 on Pintailed, 7, 29, 31, 42, 70, 257, 258, 267 > Red-collared, 6, 29, 31, 257, 258 fe Red- shouldered, 73 Se Red-throated, 7 SS Shaft-tailed, 44 a White-winged, 88 - Yellow-backed, 6, 8, 88 Yellow-shouldered, 14, 180 Willow Wren, 295 Woodchat, 215 Woodpecker, Lhe, 2, 281, 298 x Cuban, 60 Great Spotted, 60 Wren, The, 44, 54, 109, 232, 233, 239 55 Blue, go ny Gold-crest, 109, I50 Parkman, 50 rr Willow, 124, 201, 251, 252 Wryneck, 281, 297, 298, 299, 302 ” Y. Yellowhammier, The, 42, 117, 222 Rie! * i a faa A , SATAN ATA. yh TS Se ate = eee ais Peptee duper . i . ab ES . a Te . = ON entre : =~ MARCH, 1909. The Foreign Bird Club. 9 9 THRE LADY DUNY,EATH. VICE-PRESIDENTS: C. CASTLE-SLOANE, F.Z.S. H. R. FILUMER, KF. HOPKINSON, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. COUNCIL : YHr COUNTESS OF WINCHILSKA Fi GRAY, |) MoRSC.V:S: Mrs. EK. WARREN VERNON W. BAMFORD Miss M. E. BAKER E. W. CHAPLIN Miss ROSA LITYLE J. H. HENSTOCK THe Hon. W. B. WROTTESLEY IVAN D. MURRAY DR. MCDONALD, F.Z.S., F.1.S. | W. EF. TESCHEMAKRER, B.A. MAGAZINE COMMITTEE : Dr. McDONALD. Mr. GRAY. Mr. HENSTOCK. Mr. TKESCHEMAKRER. SHOW COMMITTEE: Miss ROSA LITTLE. Mr. BAMFORD. Mr. TOWNSEND. AWARDS AND ARBITRATION COMMITTEE: THe Counress oF WINCHILSEA. Mrs. EK. WARREN VERNON. Miss BAKER. Mr. MURRAY. HON. SECRETARIES: Editorial WESLEY IT. PAGE, ¥.Z.S., M.B.N.HS., 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, W. Lahibitional: S. M. ‘YOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, S.W. HON. TREASURER: VINNISWOOD MILLER, F.Z.S., 27, Belgrave Road, London, S.W. HON. VETERINARY SURGEON. H. GRAY, M.RC.V.S, 23, Upper Phillimore Place, London, S.W. AUDITOR : SCRUTINEER : Mr. H. W. MATHIAS. Mr. A. SUTCLIFFE. JUDGES: Mr. CAMPS. | Mr. FINN. | Mr. SWAYSLAND. Mr. FILLMER, | Mr. HUMPHRYS. | Mr. TOWNSEND March, 1909. Roll of Members. Es HONORARY MEMBER: FILLMER, H. R. (founder) 52, Ship Street, Brighton. AITCHESON, A., M.A., F.J,.S., Drummioir House, Bournemouth. (Jan., 1906). ALMOND, The Rev. F., Branxholme House, Tincoln Road, Peterborough. (Feb., 1906). ANDREWS, F. I*., Superintendent’s Office, Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park, Loudon, N.W. (Sept., 1908). ANNINGSON, Mrs., Walt-ham-sal, Barton Road, Cambridge. (Dec., Igor). ARONS'TEIN, MARKS, 30, Grand Parade, Cork. (March, 1906). ARRIGHI, I. J., Harrison View, Watson Crescent, Edinburgh, N.B. (March, 1908). BAKER, Miss M. E., Granite House, Mount Sorrell, Loughborough. (Sept., 1902). BAMFORD, WM., The Coppice, Werneath, Oldham. (June, 1904). : Beaty, S., Strathnarn, Elin Grove, Alderley Edge, Cheshire. (March, 1908). Briss, H. E., bhe.Croft, Wallingford, Berks. (Jan. 1903). Borrinc, H., Mountside, Harrow Road, Dorking. (Dec., 1908). BOUSFIELD, Miss M., The Rest, Riclimond Park Road, Bournemouth. (Jan., 1908). Boyb, Haron, Barton House, Didsbury, Manchester. (April, 1903). BRANNEKER, BARON DB, 8, Passage Bonado, 4 Pau, Basses Pyrenees, France. (Feb., 1908). BRIDGEWATER, F. M., ‘errier’s House, High Wycombe, Bucks. (March, 1907). BROOK, E. J., Hoddom Castle, Ecclefechan, N.B. (March, 1908). BROMWICH, Miss VERA, Pegsden House, near Hitchen, Herts. (Mar., 1907). BROOKSBANK, Miss E., Bawtry, Yorkshire. (Nov., 1902). BUSLEED, Miss, 32, Charleville Mansions, West Kensington. (Sept., 1903). Camps, H. ‘I. ‘I., F.Z.S., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely. (Orig. Mem). CAPERN, F., Avenue House, Cotham Park, Bristol. (Oct., 1907). CaS'TLE-SLOANE, C., F.Z.S., Oat Hall, near Crawley, Sussex. (Nov., 1902). CHAPLIN, E. W., The Firs, Great Anwell, Herts. (Sept., 1903). CHEETHAM, J., Lhe Hawthorns, Brighouse, Yorks. (Oct., 1908). CLIFron, Lord, Cobham Hall, Gravesend. (Oct., 1905). Conway-Gornpon, Miss V., Longley House, Rochester. (Oct., 1906). . CopE-Procror, Miss M. E., 19, St. George’s Square, Stamford, I,ines. Feb., 1909). CowPpER-COoPER, Mrs. 36, South Parade, Southsea. (Nov., 1907). Creasy, B. H., 48, Albert Road, Longsight, Manchester. (April, 1908). ° o Crisp, R. L., 58, Elm Park Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. (Feb., 1909). CRONKSHAW, J., Peel Mount, Burnley Road, Accrington. (Nov., 1901). CROYSDALE, Mrs. B., Hawke House, Sunbury-on-Thames. (Jan., 1908). CULLEN, J. W., St. Nicholas Works, St. Nicholas Square, Leicester. (Nov., 1908). CusHNY, CHARLES, c/o Messrs. Neish, Howell and Haldane, 47, Watling Street, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. (Orig. Mem). DARRELL, Dr. H. W., Adelaide House, All Saint’s Green, Norwich. (Sept., ; 1908). DENNIS, Mrs. HAROLD, St. Leonard’s Park, Horsham, Sussex. (Jau., 1904). DELACOUR, J., F.Z.S., 76, Eaton Place, London, S.W. (Feb., 1909). DrEnron, W., Eastfield, Claremont, Halifax. (March, 1999). DEwaR, D., c/o Messrs. Grindley & Co., 54, Parliament Street, London, S.W. (June, 1907). DEWAR, J. F., 2, St. Patrick’s Square, Edinburgh. (Orig. Mem.) DE YARDBURGH-BATESON, The Hon. L1Lia, Heslington, York. (June, 1903). DoBBIE, J., Waverley Works, Leith, N.B. (April, 1906). Dogson, Mrs. K. E., The Quarries, Chapel Allerton, Leeds. (June, 1908). DONALD, C. H., c/o The Alliance Bank of Simla, Ltd., Simla, Punjab, India. (Sept., 1908). DRUMMOND, Miss, Mains of Megginch, Errol, N.B. (Nov., 1907). DUNLEATH, The Lady, Ballywater Park, Ballywater, co. Down. (Nov., 1901). Dunn, Lady ELLEN, Fair View, Riverside, Taplow. (Nov., 1907). Duron, The Hon. and Rev. Canon, Bibury, Fairford. (May, 1906). EBRILL, WM., 14, Victoria Terrace, Limerick. (April, 1906). EDMUNDS, J. I., 66, Cowley Road, Swindon. (May, 1908). EL.is, Jas. V., 23, Baronsmead Road, Barnes, London, S.W. (July, 1908). FASEY, WILLIAM R., The Oaks, Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrooke. (Jan., 1903). FINN, FRANK, B.A., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., 29, Chalcot Crescent, Primrose Hill, N.W. (Sept., 1903). FISHER, W. H., The Bush Hotel, Farnham, Surrey. (May, 1908). FLANNERY, M. J., Barrack Street, Nenagh, co. Tipperary, Ireland. (Jan., 1909). Foster, Miss E. M., 35, High Street, Huntingdon. (Jan., 1909). FOSTER, WILLIAM HILL, 164, Portland Street, Southport. (Nov., rgoT). GaLLoway, Mrs. H., 50, Clarendon Road, Bedford. (Jan., 1908). GALLOoway, Miss N., 50, Clarendon Road, Bedford. (Sept., 1908). GaLLoway, P. F. M., Durban, St. Peter’s Avenue, Caversham, Reading. (Nov., 1907). GERRARD, JOHN, M.B.O.U., Worsley, Manchester. (June, 1g05). G1BBONS, Miss M., Boddington Manor, Cheltenham. (Dec., 1904). GOODCHILD, H., M.B.O.U., 66, Gloucester Road, Regent’s Park, N.W. (July, 1903). ee W., Montrose, New Park Road, West Southbourne. (Oct., 1908). 4 GORRINGE, The Rev. REGINALD, E. P., Maxey Vicarage, Market Deeping, Northants. (Dec., 1902). GOURLAY, H., Kempshott Park, Basingstoke. (Nov., 1907). GRay, H., M.R.C.V.S., (Hon. Veterinary Surgeon), 23, Upper Phillimore Place, W. (May, 1906). HADLEY, T. E., 29, 30 & 31, Princess Street, Burton-on-Trent. (Mar., 1908). HARPER, E. W., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., 55, Waterloo Road, Bedford. (Oct., 1907). HARRISON, J. H., Ellerslie, East Beach, Lytham, Lanes. (Dec., 1901). HARTLEY, Mrs. E. A., St. Helen’s Lodge, Hastings. (Sept., 1907). Harvey, Lady, Langley Park, Slough. (June, 1908). Ha'rCHER, J. F., 168, Upper Thames Street, E.C. (June, 1903). HAWKINS, I. W., Estrilda, New Clive Road, West Dulwich. (Orig. Mem.) HEALEY, Mis., 12, Rossetti Gardens Mansions, Cheyne Walk, S.W. (Feb., 1903). HENDERSON, Mrs. W. F., Moorfield, Upper Claremont, Newcastle-on-Tyne. (Nov., 1908). HENSYocK, J. H., Market Place, Ashbourne, Derby. (March, 1907). HEtLkEy, Dr. HENRY, Beaufort House, 114, Church Road, Norwood, S.E. (Jan., 1908). HopGKIn, Mrs. B. W., 6, Priory Terrace, Kew, London. (Feb., 1908). HOL!INS, Miss, Greyfriars, Preston, Iancashire, (Feb. 1906). HOLLins, B., 9, George Street, Hull. (May, 1903). HOPKINSON, EMILUS, D.S.O.. M.A., M.B., Oxon., Bathurst, Gambia, West Africa. (Oct., 1901). Horvron, J,. W., Hill House, Compton, Wolverhampton. (Sept., 1902). HoSsForD, S. R.. Highfield Avenue, College Road, Cork. (Nov., 1906). Hourron, CHARLES, J.aburnuin House, Denton’s Green, St. Helen’s, Lanes. (Nov., 1901). HowWEk, FRANK, 65, Thomas Street, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire. (Feb., 1992). Howe, Mrs. JAMES, Moss Lodge, Ashton-uuder-Lyne, Lanes. (July, 1903). Hoyrr, P. S., Plymouth & Stonehouse Gas Light and Coke Co., Engineer’s Office, Coxside, Plymouth. (May, 1908). HUBBARD, Mrs. D. L., Casa Sta. Monica, Bordighera, Italy. ( Jan., 1905). HUME, JAMES, Hepscott, Morpeth. (June, 1903). HuMPHRYS, RUSSELL, Southborough, Bickley. (July. 1902). HUXLEY, A. J.. 57, Bradford Street, Walsall. (May, 1908). JAMRACH, A. E., 180, St. George’s Street, Iondon, E. JARDINE, Miss FE. J.., 15, Baskerville Road, Wandsworth Commion, Tondon, (Dec., 1902). S.-W. JEFFS, W., Pensarn Villas, Victoria Road, Darlaston. (Oct., 1904). Jounson, H. V., 18, Chambres Road, Southport. (Nov., 1908). KENNEDY, Lt. G., 2/4 Gurkha Rifles, Bakloh, Punjab, India. (May, 1908). I.AMB, E. J., Alverstone, Thetford Road, New Maldon. Surrey. (May, 1906). 5 IAN, Miss, The Deanery, Rochester. (April, 1905). I.HwIs, J., Corstorphine, Ryde, Isle of Wight. (June, 1908). I,Tr’TLE, Miss C. Rosa, Baronshalt, ‘The Barons, East Twickenham. (Nov., 1902). LONGDON, Mrs. C. A., Arreton, Epsom Road, Guildford. (Feb., 1909. LYTHGOE, G. W. F., 25, Stanford Street, Old Trafford, Manchester. (Nov., 1906). MACARTHODR, J., 19, Wharton Road, Peckham Rye, Ionudon, S.E. (Sept., 1907). McDonacGu, J. FE. R., M.R.CS., U.R.C.P., F.Z.S., F L.S., Kettlewell, Swanley, Kent. (Jan., 1903). McIAREN, The Hon. Mrs. Morrison, Kepwick Park, Northallerton, Yorks. (Nov., 1996). McL«rop, Miss M. F., Beechcroft, leignmouth, S. Devon. (Oct., 1908). MCWILLIAM, Miss, 5. Deu Crescent, Teignmouth, S. Devon. (Nov., 1907.) Marmon’, W. B., ‘he Firs, Amberley, near Stroud. (Oct., 1908). Master, G., M.B., B.C., 86, Guildhall Street, Bury St. Edmunds. (Nov., 1903). Merapows, J. C. W., 17, Cardiff Road, Inuton, Beds. Mararas, H. W., Lucerne, Stubbington, Farelain, Hants. (Oct., 1908). MAXWELL, C. T., Southlawn, Acre Tane, Brixton, London, S.W. (Dec., 1908. MELLOoR, Mrs., Fair Lawn, Lytham, I.anes. (July, 1904). MILLER, Mrs. K. LESLIE, 27, Belgrave Road, S.W. (Jau., 1904). MILLER, TINNISWOOD, F.Z.S., (Hon. Treasurer), 27, Belgrave Road. Iondou, S.W. (Sept., 1907). MiILLsum, O., Regent Street, Swindon, Wilts. (July, 1907). MITCHELL, H., Holinfield, Lyndhurst, Hants. (Sept.. 1903). MON'TAGUE, G. R., 63, Crosted Road, West Dulwich. (Feb., 1909). MorGAN, Miss H. J,., 108, Craiglea Drive, Edinburgh, N.B. (March, 1907). Mortimer, Mrs., Wigmore, Holuiwood, Surrey. (Orig. Mem.) MORTIMER, Miss, Wigmore, Holmwood, Surrey. (Nov., 1908). Murray, A. 1,. Keira, 1, Chudleigh Villas, Bideford, N. Devon. (April, 1908). Murray, IvAN D.. foddington Park, Dunstable, Beds. (June, 1906). NEWBOULD, ‘I., Avoca, J.inthorpe, Middlesborough. (Dec., 1902). Newnan, T. H., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Newlands, Harrowdene Road, Wembley, Middlesex. (July, 1903). Oakky, W., 34, High Street, Leicester. (Orig. Mem.) OBERHOLSER, HARRY C., 1445, Girard Street, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., (Dec., 1903). O'REILLY, NICHOLAS S., 81, Marine Parade, Brightou. (Orig. Mem). PAGE, W. ., F.Z.S., (Hon. Editor & Secretary), 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd's Bush, W. (May, 1995). PARTRIDGE, Mrs., Joxia, Richmond Road, Worthing. (Dec., 1905). 6 PATERSON, Rev. J. MAaplErort, St. John’s Vicarage, Hollington, St. Leonard’s-on-Sea. (Nov., 1908). PAYNE, H., The Little Zoo, Lyncombe Hill, Bath. (May, 1907). PENNANT, Lady EDITH DOUGLAS, Soliam House, Newmarket. (July, 1908). PERKINS, E., Chester Hill, Woodchester, Gloucestershire. (Feb., 1903). PHRREAU, Capt. G. F., F.Z.S., 2/4 Gurkha Rifles, Bakloh, Punjab, India. (Dec., 1903). PERREAU, Mrs. R. A. D., 11, Douglas Crescent, Edingburgh, N.B. (Sept., 1908). PERRING, C. S. R., Melie House, Waldegrave Road, Teddington. (Oct., 1902). PICKARD, H. K., 10, Sandwell Crescent, W, Hampstead, N.W. (Oct., Igor). PICKLES, W. H., Stoneyhurst, Morecombe, I,ancs. (May, 1904). PILKINGTON, Lady KATHLEEN, Chevet Park, Wakefield. (Sept., 1908). Ponp, Mrs. ‘l. A., 174, Upper Parliament Street, Liverpool. (Nov., 1902). PORTEOUS, JAMES T., Io, Alexandra Terrace, Hexham. (Sept., 1903). PYKE, W., 106, Church Street, Preston, Lancs. (Oct., 1907). Quai, Mrs. WoRTLEY, St. Brannock’s, Mundesley, Norfolk. (April, 1908). REEVE, Capt. J. S., Jeadenham House, Lincoln. (March, 1908). RESYALL, J. A., 82, Cambridge Street, Birmingham. (Nov., 1903). RHODES, F. W., M.S.A., Roseleigh, Armley, Leeds. (Oct., 1908). RICE, Capt. G., Clayquhat, Blairgowrie, N.B. (July, 1902). RILEY, K., 16, Talbot Road, Old Trafford, Manchester. (March, 1goo). ROBBINS, H., 25, Campden Hill Square, London, W. (Oct., 1908). ROGERS, W. I., Weald View, Ongar Road, Brentwood, Essex. (Oct., 1907). ROGERSON, Mrs., Feurville, Cheltenham. (Feb., 1903). RorcuH, C. D., Suunycliff, Cholmondley Road, West Kirby, Cheshire. (Orig. Mem.) ROTH, FRED G. R., 31 West I29th Street, New York, U.S.A. (Nov., 1908). Row, C. H., Chapel House, Jong Melford, Suffolk. (Dec., 1905). Sr. A. Wart, Miss Loutsa, 12, Rosary Gardens, London, S.W. (Dec., 1907). SAVAGE, A., 3, Rue Bihorel, Bihorel, Rouen, France. (Dec., 1905). SCHERREN, H., F.Z.S., 9, Cavendish Road, Harringay, London, N. (July 1908). Scorr, J. Easton, M.B., Birdhurst, Woodcote Road, Wallington, Surrey. (March, 1998). Sicu, H. L., Bepton Rectory, Midhurst, Sussex. (June, 1908). SrIpEBo''roM, Mrs. E. HARRop-, Etherow House, Hollingworth, Cheshire. (Feb., 1908). SILVER, ALLEN, II, Foulser Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. (Orig. Menu.) Srmpson, R. E., 9, Christ Church Avenue, Armley, Leeds. (Dec., 1907). SLADDEN, J. H., 14c, Denmark Road, Lowestoft. (Oct., 1908). SmIrH, W. S., 24, Jubilee Street, Luton, Beds. (Dec., 1908). SNELL, S. H., M.D., 261, ‘Trinity Road, Wandsworth, S.W. (March, 1904). th SOMERS, FRANK, M.R.C.V.S., 66, Francis Street, Leeds. (Jan., 1907). SPRANKLING, E., Brookland Cottage, South Road, Taunton. (Feb., 1908). STOCKER, J. M., The Villas, Stoke-on-Trent. (Nov., 1908). STOREY, JAMKS, 107, Boundary Road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. (Orig. Mem.) SturrocH, J. P., M.D., Midlothian and Peebles’ Asylum, Rosslynlee, Roslyn Castle, N.B. (Oct., 1908). SUFFOLK and BERKSHIRE, Countess of, Charlton Park, Malmesbury. (Feb., 1909). Suceirv, R., Suggit’s Lane, Cleethorpes. (Dec., 1903). SULCLIFFE, ALBER'T, Field House, Grimbsy. (May, 1907). SWAYSLAND, W., 47, Queen’s Road, Brighton. (Orig. Mem.) ‘TEMPLE, W. R., Ormonde, Datchet, Bucks. (Dec, 1908). TESCHEMAKER, W. E., B.A., Ringmore, leignumouth, Devon. (Marchi, 1907). THOMSON, JOHN, Officers’ Quarters, Powder Mill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex. (Feb., 1908). YOMASSI BALDELLI, Ia Countessa G., 4, Via Silvio Pelico, Florence, Italy. (Dec., Igor). TOWNSEND, S. M., (Hon. Exhibitional Secretary), 3, Swift Street, Fulham, S.w. (Orig. Mei.) ‘Tov, Mrs. M., Stanhope, Bideford, N. Devon. (Nov., 1go!). eng Miss ANNETTE, Kingcraigee, Courtmacsherry, co. Cork. (Dec., 1903). ‘TROWER, I. R., 442, Caledonian Road, London, N. (Feb., 1908). TURNER, THOS., Cullompton, Devon. (May, 1908). VERE, The Very Rev. Canon, 2tA, Soho Square, London, W. (Nov., 1903). VERNON, Mrs., ‘Toddington Manor, Dunstable, Beds. (Oct., 1905). VOLLMAR, PAUL, 68, Fenchurch Street, London, E.C. (Feb., 1909). WADDELL, Miss E. G. R. PEDDIE, 4, Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh. (Feb. 1909). WALKER, A., M.A., B.Sc., M.D., ‘he Chestnuts, Westbourne Road, Sheffield. (Dec., 1907). WALSH, J., 159, Dukes Row, Blackburn. (Dec., 1908). WARD, Hon. Mrs. SoMERSH’r, Carrowdon Castle, Donaghadee, co. Down. (Oct. 1905). WARDALE, H., Willington House, Willington Quay, Northumberland. (May, 1903). Warts, RUDOLPH, Wilmar, Wiggenhall Road, Watford. (Nov., 1906). WEBB, W., 1, North Road, Surbiton. (Jau., 1904). Wesvacorr, H., Wellington Hotel, Minehead. (Sept., 1907). Weston, G. E., 45, Clevedon Mansions, Iondon, N.W. (July, 1908). WHITTAKER, I. H., The Laund, Accrington, Lancs. (Dec., 1903). SS aa ae P. Vicor, Hinstock Hall, Market Drayton, Shropshire. (Dec. 1909). ey HENRY, Uplands View, Haven Street, Isle of Wight. (July, 1908). 8 WILson, Miss F. M., 34, Charrington Street, London, n.w. (March, 1906). WILson, IT. N., M.A., Oak Lodge, Bitterne, near Southampton. (Jan., 1902). WINCHILSEA and NOVrINGHAM, The Countess of, Harlech, Merioneth. (June, 1903). Woopatt, R. M., M.R.C.S., I.R.C.P., Hetton-le-Hole, co. Durham. (Feb., 1909). Woopmass, Mrs., Southwell Gardens, London, s.w. (Feb., 1908). WoRMALD, HuGu, Heathfield, East Dereham, Norfolk. (Jau., 1908). Wricut, G. B. c/o G. Heatu, Church Hill, Handsworth, Birmingham. {June, 1908). WROTTESLEY, The Hon. WALTER B., F.Z.S., Seisdon, Apsley End, Hemel Hempstead. (Dec., 1902). nase The Hon. Editorial Secretary requests that he may be promptly advised of any errors or omissions in the above list. March, 1909. ‘Roll of #ssociates. "Os Acurr, J. Goodrest, Manor Road, New Melton, Hants. (July, 1907). BRICKWOOD, Miss Epi’rH, 3, Ladies Lodge, Dunstable, Beds. (May, 1907). GREEVEN, Miss M., 29, Queensborough Terrace, Hyde Park, w. (Oct. 1907). HALLIDAY, CHARLES, Bridge Street, Banbridge, co. Down. (June, 1903). HARYON, Miss E., 53, Goldhurst ‘Terrace, South Hampstead. (Nov. 1903). Hawkk#, The Hon. M. C., Wighill Park, ‘adcaster. (Nov. 1902). HEN’scH, W. J., Douglas Villa, Acacia Grove, New Malden, Surrey. (Jan. 1904). HINCKS, Miss E. M., Baron’s Down, Dulverton. (Jau., 1903). Hype & Co., Ltd., R., Harold Street, Camberwell, s.&. (May, 1902). I,uk, Miss Constance, Budleigh, Salterton R.S.O. Devon. (Dec., 1904). IocK, Miss M., 84a, Salisbury Road, Broudesbury, London, N.w. (Feb. 1906). MARTIN, Mrs. HORACE, 13, Hillside, Wimbledon, Surrey. (May, 1904). Smrru, J. Woodlands, Kendal. pes~ The Hon. Editorial Secretary requests that he may be promptly aavised of any errors or omisstons in the above list. 10 Rules. "Ss t. ‘The objects of “HE FOREIGN BrrD CLUB” shall be the mutual encouragement aud assistance of the members and associates in the keeping, breeding, and exhibiting of Foreign Birds, and the improvement of Shows in regard to them. 2. The Club shall be composed of members and associates. Every member shall pay an entrance fee of 2/6 and an annual subscription of 10/-. Every associate shall pay an entrance fee of 2/6 and au annual subscription of 5/-. Associates shall have such of the privileges of members as the Council shall from time to time direct. Subscriptions shall be due avd payable in advance ou the Ist of March in each year. If any member’s or associate’s subscriptions shall be more than three months overdue he shall be suspended from all the benefits of the Club, and if more than nine mouths overdue, notice of his having ceased to be a member or associate of the Club, and of the cause, may be published in the Notices to Members; and on such notice being published he shall cease to be a member or associate accordingly, but his liability for the overdue subscriptions shall continue. 3. New menibers shall be proposed in writing by a member of the Club and new associates by either a member or an associate; and the name and address of every person thus proposed, with the name of the person proposing him, shall be published in the Notices to Members. Unless the candidate shall, within fourteen days after the publication of his name, be objected to by at least two members, he shall be duly elected. If two or more menibers lodge with either of the Secretaries objections to any candidate he shall not be elected, but the signature to the sigued objections must be verified by the Scrutineer. ‘The Secretaries and the Scrutineer shall not disclose the names of the objectors. Associates desirious to become members shall go through the same form of election as other candidates but shall not pay an eutrance fee. 4. Any member or associate wishing to resign at the end of the current year of the Club shall give notice of his intention to one of the Secretaries before the Ist of February, and in default of such notice he shall be liable for the following year’s subscription. 5. ‘Ihe officers of the Club shall be elected from the members and shall consist of a President, one or more Vice-Presidents, an Auditor, a Scrutineer, one or more Secretaries, a Treasurer, a Council of twelve members, and such number of Judges as shall from time to time be determined by the Council. ‘The Secretary or Secretaries and the Treasurer shall be-ex-officio members of the Council. he Secretary or Secretaries. and ‘treasurer shall be elected triennially. he Council, aud the Judges shall be elected annually by the members in mauner hereinafter provided. The other officers shall be elected annually at a meeting of the Council imuiediately after their own election. 6. ‘The election of the Council and Judges shall take place every year between the r5th of January and the 5th of February. The Secretaries shall ascertain which of the members are willing to stand for election to office, aud shall send to each member of the Club, on or about the 15th of January, a voting paper containing a list of all such members, showiug II the offices for which they are respectfully seeking election. Each member shall make a cross (X) opposite the names of those for whom he desires to vote, and shall sign the paper at the foot and send it in a sealed envelope to the Scrutineer, so that he may receive it before the 5th of February. The Scrutineer [shall prepare a return of the officers elected, showing the number of votes recorded for each candidate and send it to one of the Secretaries for publication in the Notices to Members for February. The Scrutineer shall not reveal to any person how any member shall have voted. In an event of an equality of votes the President shall have a casting vote. 7. Dealers in birds shall not be eligible for election to any office in the Club, except that of Judge. For the purpose of this rule, any member who habitually buys birds with the intention of selling them again shall be deemed a dealer in birds. Before the annual election of officers, the Secre- taries shall submit to the Council the list of members willing to stand for election to the Secretaryship, the Treasurership, and the Council, and the Council shall remove from the list the name of any candidate who shall be, in the opinion of the Council, a dealer in birds within the meaning of this rule. The decision of the Council, or of any Committee to whom the Council shall delegate its power under this rule, shall be final. When a dealer is proposed as a member of the Club, the fact of his being a dealer shall be stated in the Notices to Members. 8. It shall be lawful for the Council to delegate any of its powers to a Committee. g. The Council may appoint an Arbitration Committee, which may decide questions at issue between members and associates when requested to do so by both parties. Any decision of such Comittee shall be final. Except to the extent permitted by this rule, the Club and its officers shall decline to concern themselves with disputes between members. 10. The Council shall have power to alter and add to the Rules, but shall give to the members notice of any proposed alteration or addition, and in the event of six members objecting thereto within fourteen days the proposed alterations or addition shall fe submitted to the votes of the members. Failing such objection the alteration or addition shall date from its adoption by the Council. 11. ‘he Council shall have power to expel any member or associate at any time. 12. Neither the office of Scrutineer nor that of Auditor shall be held for two consecutive years by the same person. The Scrutineer shall not be a candidate at any election at which he acts as Scrutineer. 13. If any office becomes vacant at any time other that at the end of the current year of the Club, the Council shall have power to nominate any meniber to fill the vacancy. 14. ‘The decision of the majority of the Council shall be final and binding on the Club, but a resolution passed by the Council shall not be acted upon unless there be an absolute majority of the Council (and not merely of those voting) in its favour. NOTICES TO MEMBERS. SUBSCRIPTIONS: We have sent this issue to all members, whether their subscriptions have been paid to the Hon. Treasurer or otherwise. May we ask that these may be promptly sent in, so as to prevent any unnecessary drain on the time of the Honorary Officers or the funds of the Club. THE MAGAZINE: ‘This issue ushers in another Volume, and if this is to equal or surpass its predecessors, such can only be possible by the co- operation 6f all. Copy must be sent freely. We wish to be very clear upon one point: the Magazine will not meet the needs of all if only rare birds and aviaries are dealt with; if we are to be really comprehensive the following subjects must all have a place in its pages :— British Birds—Foreign Birds, common (:-. freely imported) and rare species —Out-door Aviaries——Cages and Birdrooms—— in fact every aspect of AVICULTURE must be dealt with, if the need of our increasing and varied membership is to be met, and the tyro as well as the experieuced aviculturist find pleasure, assistance aud interest in the pages of the Club Journal. We want an increased number of contributors, and in this connection we wish to emphasise that—zothing 1s trivial—nothing 1s common—niore, niany records are annuaily lost to aviculture owing to many assuming that their facts are too common aud too well known. We desire to urge upon all members to keep a book of records and to let their fellow members have the benefit of it from time to time through the pages of the Magazine. We are in want of copy for April issue; will some of our members who keep their birds in cages and have met with partial or full success in the keeping or breeding of their avian captives send us accounts of same? Such papers would be novel, very practical and intensely interesting, and we especially urge members with such experience to send us articles as above. May we ask that all who have had partial or full success with the breeding of WAXBILLS during 1908 to send us in accounts of same? We should like to see Correspondence a more prominent feature ot the Magazine. We have this month inaugurated our long promised innovation— bird Noles from Far and Near—and we hope this will increase in interest and usefulness mouth by month. ‘The idea is to embody items of Foreign and European aviculture under this heading, culling same from the foreign press and per members and members’ friends residing abroad. We ask for and feel assured of the hearty co-operation of all. WESLEY T. PAGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. 13 New Members Elected. The Countess of SUFFOLK and BERKSHIRE; Charlton Park, Malmesbury. Mrs. C. A. LONGDON; Arreton, Epsom Road, Guildford. PaurL VOLIMAR; 68, Fenchurch Street, ondon, B.C. R. J. Crisp; 58, Elm Park Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. J. DELACOUR, F.Z.S.; 76, Eaton Place, S.W. R. M. WoopaL., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.; Hetton-le-Hole, Co. Durham. Miss E. G. R. PEDDIE WADDELL; 4, Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh. A. K. JAMRACH; 180, St. George’s Street, Jondon, EK. Miss M. 2. Copx-PROocCTOR; Ig, St. George’s Square, Stamford, Ines. G. R. MonvraGur ; 63, Croxted Road, West Dulwich. Transfer from Associates to Members’ Roll. LYTHGOE, G. W. F. MrEapows, J. C. W. Proposed for Election as Members. K. R1LkKy, 16, lalbot Road, Old rafford, Manchester. by G. W. F. LYTHGOR. G. E. RarriGan, “ Janarkslea,’’ Cornwall Gardens, London, S.W. éy H. ROBBINS. Capt. S. S. FLowkr, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Kedah House, Zoological Gardens, Giza, Egypt. by H. R. FILLMER. Dr. MAURICE AMSLER, High Street, Etou, Windsor. by W. R. TEMPLE. Miss R. ALDERSON, Park House, Worksop, Notts. by H. WILLFORD. Miss A. BRUCE, 42, Hill Street, Berkley Square, London, W. éy Lady KATHLEEN PILKINGTON, KING, Frank, High Holm Nurseries, Louth, lines. by R. SUGGITT. W. Cook, 24, Hyde Park Gardens, Iondon, W. W. Denon, EKastfield, Claremont, Halifax. by the Hon. Editor. tite Illustration Fund. The Council thankfully acknowledge the following donations towards the Illustration Fund. £4 Ss. d. Mrs. ANNINGSON ... ed 1 1 G) W. BaMForDdD nce y. ; 1 (fa) J. V. Evvis ; ® 10 oO W. M. FasEy 3 ‘ (ye OY Te) W. B. MARMONY Ae tea OL 5am 20 Dr. G. MASTER : ; Oo 5 (0 H. I,. SICH 3 : , iO 10% LO Mrs. M. ‘Toye ; A Ch meS hl ets) Miss L. M. St. A. Wait Oo 10; 6 H. WILLFoRD Act es : ft, Oo >'o Miss F. M. WILSON mae : oF ©) “X0) 0 Mrs. W. F. HENDERSON } Subscriptions OW ono Mrs. PERREAU } overpaid oY Oh =6 14 THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month. Charge: Members’ advertisements, four words a penny; Non-Menibers, three words a penny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PLATES: ‘The following are in stock: Vinacious Finch, Orange Flanked Parrakeet, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, Tri- coloured Tanager, Waxwing, Sepoy Finch, Senegal Parrot and Gouldian Finch. ‘These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each. Any others which have appeared in 477d Noles, cau be coloured to order and supplied at the same rate. AZply The Hon. EDITORIAT, SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound copies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply Vhe HON. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. ON SALE FOR BENEFIT OF ILLUSTRATION FuND:— Feathered Friends, Old and New, Dr. W.T. Greene, 2/6; Reports of the U.K.C.B. Club, 1892-3, 1893-4 & 1894-5 (unbound) 1o/- the three sets. All in new condition ; offers invited; donated by Mr. N. S. O’Reilly. Apply The Hon. EDITORIAT, SECRETARY. EXCHANGE WAN'TRD—Adult Cock Rosella Parrakeet for adult hen, from outdoor aviary; or would sell the latter. PAGE, 6 Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, w. African Red-headed Finches, perfect condition; kept in cold room; cheap to clear; 12/- pair; on approval. H. KE. Briss, The Croft, Wallingford. From Cold Aviary : Large house-moulted Bramble Finch 2/-; Rosy Pastor (believed hen) 10/-; pair Senegal Doves 12/6; pair Chinese Quails 25/6; pair Ruficaudas 15/6; cock Parson Finch 8/6 aud Nonpareil cock 5/6, both bred in heated aviary; 1 Goldfinch mule (good songster) Io/-; several Bullfinches (house moulted) both sexes; Weavers, Red -billed, Madagascar and Orange; I Pintailed Whydah (nearly full colour) 6/6; and Budgerigars; seen any time. Mrs. HODGKIN, 6, Priory Terrace, Kew Green. Pair Black-cheeked Lovebirds £3 3/-; Mocking bird 20/- Lady E. PENNAN’T, Newmarket. Mrs. MILLER has Blue Mountain Lory for sale, perfect health and plumage, first prize winner; also Virginian Cardinal (cock) acclimatised and cage moulted. 27, Belgrave Road, S.W. When corresponding with advertizers please mention ‘' Bird Notes,’ Natural, History LIBRARY—Principally Ornithological; many old and rare. Thousands of engravings and coloured illustrations; full List being printed. On approval to members. Breaking up Library on account of going abroad. : Mr. J. DoBBIk, 12 Inverleith Gardens, Edin. PIGKONS.—Pure white Fantails (Scotch type) same true bred strain for 30 years. No better blood, great style and action, large tails. ‘Three pairs (all breeding) 2 guineas per pair, or 5 guineas to one buyer. Rare opportunity for any fancier taking up this breed and starting on right lines; approval with pleasure. Mr. J. DoBBIE, 12 Inverleith Gardens, Edin. NON-MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. German hand-reared, reed taught, piping Bullfinches £3 each, Chinese Spectacle ‘Thrush 20/-,Cardinals, 5/-, Black-Throated 5,-, Adult breeding Budgerigars, selected pairs 6/6, Hens 3/6, Yellows 8/o pair, Madagascar Lovebirds 3/6 pair, Moustache Parrakeets o/- pair, White Javas 8/6 pair, cock California Quail 8/-, Silky Cowbird 6/- each, small Foreigners from 2/- pair, Rosey Pastors 9/-, Scarlet Weavers 5/6, Great Spotted Woodpeckers cage moulted, 20/-, Corn Bunting 3/-, Snow Bunting 5/-, British Finches from 1/- pair Small pet animals: Squirrels, Monkeys, Kittens, Dogs, Puppies, etc. Mealworius 1/6 tooo, 5/- |b., 7/- quart. Husks for Budgerigars 5d. each, 3/6 dozen. Aunts’ eggs, Flies, Egg and all other Foods. “ Insectovine’”’ high-class Softbill Food, x/6 1b. “Larkine”’ Softbill Food, 6d.lb. ‘‘ Frusectovine,’’ finest food for Tanagers, 1/6 lb. Millet Sprays, 50 1/6, Full price list free. ’ Miss ALICE Rosny, ‘‘ Rosemary ” House, Seaside Road, Eastbourne. When corresponding with advertisers please menticn ‘ Bird Notes. 16 POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS. Yhe conditions upou which these will be made by Mr. Hy. Gray: M.R.C V.S., 23, Upper Phillimore Place, Kensington, W., are as follows, (1) The birds must be sent IMMEDIATELY after death. (2) Taney mast be packed in a box. (3) Zhe letter accompanying them must Nov be placed in the box along with the bird. (N.B. Unless the above conditions are complied with the package will be destroyed without examination). (4) ‘The letter must detail as far as possible all particulars as to (a) date of death, (6) length of illness, (c) symptoms of illness, (d) lodgment and feeding of birds, and (e) especially as to whether egg food or inga seed has been given. (5) he work will be done gratuitously, and a report published in *‘ Bird Notes,” but wader no circumstances whatever will a report be sent by post unless a fee of 2/6 accompanies the letler and bird. Pressure of work compels Mr. Gray to make this an invariable rule, and it applies to all members whether they are personally acquainted with him or not. ————————— BOUND VOLUMES OF “BIRD NOTES.” Volume J. is out of print. Of Volume JT. there remain only a few copies, to Members and Associates - - - 10/- to others - - - = - - 126 Volumes III., 1V. & V. wth hand-coloured plates to Members and Associates each 106 to others - - - - *) 15/- Volume VI. & VII. with hand-coloured plates to Members and Associates each 15/- to others - - - - - a 20/- Cases for binding Vols. I., II., III., 1V., V., VI. and VII. mav be had, price 1/3 each post free. Application for Bound Volumes and cases must be made to the Publishers. Gases for binding Vol. VII. now ready, to be obtained of the Publishers. The Publishers will be pleased to bind member’s copies at 2/9 each ineluding Cover and return postage. Afi APRIL, 1909 Che foreign Bird Club. 9 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. Will those members whose subscriptions are still unpaid, please remit to the Hon. Treasurer at once? We announced last year a competitive scheme (suggested by Mr. W. EK. Yeschemaker) for the purpose of increasing our tembership. This is now put into force, viz. THAT THE MEMBERS PROPOSING THE GREATEST «NUMBER OF MEMBERS DURING ‘THE YEAR, PROVIDING THE NUMBER BE NOT LESS THAN SIx, HAVE THHIR SUBSCRIPTION FOR THE CURRENT YEAR RETURNED. We venture to hope that all members will enter into the spirit of the competition and that the result will be au influx of members. May we still urge upon all members who can possibly do so, to supply Notes, Cuttings, etc., for the ‘Bird Notes from Far and Near Column.” WESLEY TT. PAGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. Illustration Fund. The Council thankfully acknowledge the following donations towards the Illustration and Deficit Fund. foo es Ob Baldelli, I.a Contessa TI... ae he on OPO Beaty, S. 0 10 O Castle-Sloane, C. ie ats ae f, (Y Gray, H., M.R.C.V.S. (Post mortem fees) .. ae On 4510 Hubbard, Mrs. D. H. Bia an a Gr iSmao Lewis, W. J. is oe aC oe 36 nO. Mathais, H. W... 60 5° Oe 5 00 Murray, Ivan (overpaid Subscription) fe OL .0n 6 O'Reilly, N. S. (Sale of Feathered Friends, Old & New) a Az Pickles, W. H. (overpaid Subscriptions) .. 070,56 Scott, J. Easton, M.B. .. nc te 010 O Vernon, Mrs, Warren (overpaid Subscription) 0 Oo 6 18 Changes and Corrections of Address. Miss M. BOUSFIELD, Avon Court, Southbourne Road, Bournemouth. G. B. Wricut, clo G. Heaton, Esq., Church Hill, Handsworth, Birmingham. E. RILEy, 66, Talbot Road, Old Trafford, Mancliester. D. DEwar, Cottfield, Montague Road, Datchet, Bucks. A. SAVAGE, 16, Rue Gibert, 16, Rouen, France. E. W. HARPER, 6, Ashburnham Road, Bedford. Transfer from Associates to Members’ Roll. HINCKS, Miss FE. M. New Members Elected. E. RILEY, 16, Talbot Road, Old Trafford, Mancliester. G. E. RaYrrican, ‘ I,anarkslea,” Cornwall Gardens, London, S.W. Capt. S. S. Fnowrr, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Kedah House, Zoological Gardens, Giza, Egypt. Dr. MAURICK AMSLER, High Street, Eton, Windsor. Miss R. AI,DERSON, Park House, Worksop, Notts. Miss A. BRUCE, 42, Hill Street, Berkley Square, London, W. KING, FRANK, High Holm Nurseries, Louth, J.incs. W. Cook, 24 Hyde Park, Gardens, london, W. W. Dinron, EKastfield, Claremont, Halifax. Proposed for Election as Members. W. E. Austin, Wandsworth Public libraries, Allfarthing Lane Branch, Wandsworth, S.W. by the Hon. Editor. Mrs. COCKBURN, Sutton Rock, Chesterfield. Mrs. SMITH-RYLAND, Chateau Mer et Monts, Mentone, France. by the Hon. M. C. HAWKE. T. W. G. Hewrrt, The Old Hall, Weelsby, near Grimsby. by R. SUGGITT. . 19 THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements, four words a penny; Non-Members, three words a penny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PLATES: ‘The following are in stock: Vinacious Finch, Orange Flanked Parrakeet, Yeliow Sparrow, Indian Roller, ‘Tri- coloured Tanager, Waxwing, Sepoy Finch, Senegal Parrot aud Gouldian Finch. ‘These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each. Any others which have appeared in irda Noles, can be coloured to order and supplied at the same rate. AZgply The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound copies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply The HON. KpDITORIAT, SECRETARY. ON SALE FOR BENEFIT OF ILLUSTRATION FUND :—S4ird Notes, Vol. Il, 10o/-; Reports of the U.K.C.B. Club, 1892-3, 1893-4 aud 1894-5 (unbound), Io/- the three sets. All in new condition; offers invited; donated by Mr. N. S. O’ Reilly. Apply The Hon. EDITORIAL, SECRETARY. EXCHANGE WANED: Adult Cock Rosella Parrakeet for adult hen, from outdoor aviary, or would sell the latter. PaGH, 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, W. For SALE: Two vols. Bird Noles, Vols. II. and III., unbound, complete, price 6/- each; handsome pair Moustache Parrakeets 25/-; Mocking Bird 20/-, rather rough but healthy, both acclimatised. Miss PEDDIE WADDELL, 4, Great Stewart Street, Edinburgh. WANTED: Blue Sugar Bird, cock, in colour, louse-moulted preferred. M. ARMS’KIN, 30, Grand Parade, Cork. WANTED: A hen Virginian Cardinal for outdoor aviary. Miss E. M. FosTk&r, 35. High Street, Huntingdon. ARE YOU INTERESTED in Insectivorous, Frugivorous and Pollen Eating Birds? If so it is to your interest that your birds should have “BANANA CRYSTALS,” the ideal food made from pure ripe Bananas and NEW LAID EGGS, ¢his I guarantee. Write for sample lb. 1/-, post free, small sample free upon request. MILr.SuM, Swindon, Wilts. Borzoi Puppies. ready shortly, first rate pedigree, by Clayton-Priuce £2 2s. to £5 5s., exchange for first-rate Parrakeets or Lories, mutual approval HaDLEy, Draper, Burton-on-Trent. When corresponding with advertisers please menticn ‘* Bird Notes. 20 Yellow-vented Blue-bonnet, winner over 50 prizes and specials, 50/-; lovely Many Colour, 2nd Nottingham, ete., a gem, £2 2s., or purchase first- rate hens; Magpie Tanager 35/-; Archbishop 30/- ; winners repeatedly ; cock Rufous-back Mannikin 10/6; pair Peaceful Doves 6/-. HaDLeEy, Burton-on-Trent. For SALE: Pair Yellow Budgerigars, perfect, 12/6; cock Green Budgerigar 4/-- For EXCHANGE: Cock Zebra Dove for hen, or hen Diamond Dove for cock. Capt. REEVE, Leadenham House, Lincoln. For Disposar: Greater Nightingale, Lesser White-throat and Virginian Cardinal (lovely colour), all house-moulted, splendid songsters, perfect condition; also two cock Yellow-winged Sugar Birds, superb speci- mens, faultless, and pair Red-headed Gouldians, have bred in captivity. WESYON, 45, Clevedon Mansions, London, N.W. NON-MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS German hand-reared, reed taught, piping Bullfinches £3 each, Chinese Spectacle Thrush 20/-,Cardinals, 5/-, Black-hroated 5,-, Adult breeding Budgerigars, selected pairs 6/6, Hens 3/6, Yellows 8/6 pair, Madagascar Lovebirds 3/6 pair, Moustache Parrakeets 0/- pair, White Javas 8/6 pair, cock California Quail 8/-, Silky Cowbird 6/- each, small Foreigners from 2/- pair, Rosey Pastors 9/-, Scarlet Weavers 5/6, Great Spotted Woodpeckers cage moulted, 20/-, Corn Bunting 3/-, Snow Bunting 5/-, British Finches from 1/- pair Small pet animals: Squirrels, Monkeys, Kittens, Dogs, Puppies, ete. Mealwornis 1/6 1000, 5/- lb., 7/- quart. Husks for Budgerigars 5d. each, 3/6 dozen. Ants’ eggs, Flies, Egg and all other Foods. ‘ Insectovine ’ high-class Softbill Food, x/6 1b “Tarkine”’ Softbill Food, 6d. lb. “ Frusectovine,’’ finest food for Tanagers, 1/6 Ib. Millet Sprays, 50 1/6, Full price list free. ; Miss Arick Rosey, “‘ Rosemary ’’ House, Seaside Road, Eastbourne. When corresponding with advertizers please mention ‘' Bird Notes.’’ 21 MAY 15th, 1909. The foreign Bird Club. 9 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. UNPAID SUBSCRIPTIONS: ‘There are still members who have over- looked the fact that subscriptions became due on March Ist. May we ask that such may be sent in at once, so that neither the officials time or the Club’s funds may be used in making written application for same. Netw MEMBER COMPETITION: At a recent Council Meeting it was agreed to alter this scheme slightly by removing the limit entirely for this year, hoping thereby to induce all members to enter into the competition. The conditions of the competition will be simply THAT THE MEMBER PROPOSING THE MOST NEW MEMBERS DURING THE YEAR, HAS HIS SUB- SCRIPTION FOR THK CURRENT YEAR RETURNED. We repeat tle hope expressed in our last issue that all will enter into the spirit of the competition that the result may be a large influx of members. Mr. G. EK. Weston (London, N.W) asks me to state that owing to a very sudden family bereavement he was unable to give attention to the replies received to his advertisement in last issue of Bird Votes. He has since been absent from Iondon for a time. The above arrived too late for insertion elsewhere. Mr. Weston has our deep sympathy in his sad bereavemient. WESLEY T. PaGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. New Members Elected. W. E. Austin, Wandsworth Public Libraries, Allfarthing Lane Branch, Wandsworth, S.W. Mrs. COCKBURN, Sutton Rock, Chesterfield. Mrs. SMITH-RYLAND, Chateau Mer et Monts, Mentone, France. T. W. G. Hewrrr, The Old Hall, Weelsby, near Grimsby. 22 Proposed for Election as Members. VINCENT E. BurLER, “Ingomar, Chepstow Road, Newport, Mon. Mr. BusH, The Art Schools, Dock Street, Newport, Mon. Mr. Groves, The National and Provincial Bank, High Street, Newport, Moun. éy the Hon, Editor. D. CROISDALE-KIRK, Blair Athol, Ilanishen, near Cardiff. by ‘T. MILLER. KENNETH BROTHERTON, 5, ‘ullibody Road, Alloa, Clackmannanshire, N.B. éy Mrs. B. W. HODGKIN. Dr. ALEX. E. BOSWELL, Ashbourne, Derbyshire. by J. H. HENS'TOCK. E. STREET, 75 aud 76, Horninglow Street, Burton. éy IT. R. HADLEY. Changes and Corrections of Address. N.S. O’REILLY, 2, West Terrace Mansions, The Leas, Folkestone. Lieut. KENNEDY, c/o Mrs. Kennedy, 7, Albion Road, Sutton, Surrey. Mrs. SMI'’TH-RYLANDS, Barford Hill, Warwick. FrED. G. R. ROTH, 27, Morse Place, Englewocd, N.J., U.S.A. re Illustration Fund. The Council thankfully acknowledge the following donations towards the Illustration and Deficit Fund. fi Ss Capt. Flower Be a CO ¥ © A Friend ne ns (Guarantee) 5 oe) ©) H. Gray a re (P. M1, Fees) o12 6 1. Miller No as (Guarantee) Eyemte) 90) A. oe Keith Murray oC we I °o .S. O’Reilly (sale of 3 sets U.K. C1 B.A., deficit) 010 O W. T. Page ae °° (Guarantee) 5 0 0 Lady Edith Pennant Ao a oy) TONG Capt. Perreau .. a .. (Deficit) o1I0 oO H. Wardale 36 ae fe ae (oi aie). (0) Hon. W. B. Wrottesley 010 0 23 THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements, four words a penny; Nou-Members, three words a penny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PLATES: ‘The following are in stock: Vinacious Finch, Orange Flauked Parrakeet, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, ‘Tri- coloured Tanager, Waxwing, Sepoy Finch, Senegal Parrot and Gouldian Finch. These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each; and also all of more recent issue. Apply Yhe Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound covies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply Yhe HON. HprrortaL SECRETARY. ON SALE FOR BENEFIT OF ILLUSTRATION FUND,:—4ird Notes, Vol. II., 10/-, donated by Mr. N. S. O’Reilly. Apply The Hou. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Male Blue Robin and pair of Olive Finches. Miss Watt, 12, Rosary Gardens, Loudon, S.W. Rare Jamaica and Cuba Birds: private consigument: Cuba Finch and Nigreta (cocks), pair Jamaica Sugar Birds, Grey Grosbeaks, Unknown Warblers, Dusky Finches, Mocking Birds (Antillean) Colins (Florian, 2 hens, 1 cock) White-fronted, White-winged, White-crowned and Aurita Doves. Price and particulars on application. WANTED: hens Cockatiel and Bleeding Heart Pigeon. Crested and Senegal Doves for disposal. Miss R. ALDERSON, Park House, Worksop, Notts. WANTED: Cock Crimson Finch, cock White Java Sparrow, cock Diamond Dove; hen Long-tailed Grass Finch, hen Rufous Vail. For SaLE’ OR EXCHANGE: hen Diamond Doves 6/-; cock Long-tailed Grass- finches 6/-; cock Rufous ‘Tails 6/-; cock Blue-wing Love-birds 5/-; all from outdoor aviaries. MAarHias, Stubbington, Hants. WANTED: One pair Cockateels, unrelated, adult, outdoor, aviary bred. M. J. FLANNERY, Barrack Street, Nenagh, co. Tipperary. Will any member give a home (in aviary only) to a pair each of Green Budgerigars and J,avender-headed Lovebirds? Perfectly healthy birds wishing to nest. Mrs. MILER, 27, Belgrave Road, 5.W. ARE YOU INTHRESTED in Insectivorous, Frugivorous and Pollen Eating Birds? If so it is to your interest that your birds should have * BANANA CRYSTALS,” the ideal food made from pure ripe Bananas and NEW LAID EGGS, this J guarantee. Write for sample lb. 1/-, post free, small sample free upon request. MILrI,SUM, Swindon, Wilts. When corresponding with advertisers please menticn ‘‘ Bird Notes. 24 Stanlev Parrakeet (P. tcterortis) £4 4/- pair; then Many Color £1 I0/-; Diamond Doves I5/- pair; Peaceful Doves to/- pair; Brouzeneck Doves 41 5/- pair; 1 Sulphur Crested White Cockatoo, from the nest, talking, price £3 I0/-; all acclimatized; also 1 Great Bower Bird’s bower, complete £3 Io/-. PAYNE & WALLACE, [ttle Zoo, Bath. NON-MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. Rosellas 30/- pair, Pennants 30/- pair, Barnards 40/- pair, Cockateels 12/- pair, Rosy Cockatoos 8/6 pair, large Lemon-crested Cockatoos 25,;- each, Piping Crows 30/- each, Hoopoes 25/-, Blue Rollers 30/-, Wrynecks 15/-, Great Black Woodpecker 35/-, Green Woodpecker 17/-, Great Spotted Woodpecker 15/-, Middle Spotted 15/-, Lesser Spotted 17/-, many other European birds end of May. Adult breeding Budgerigars, selected pairs 7/6, Yellows 8/6 pair, Madagascar Lovebirds 3/6 pair, Moustache Parra- keets o/- pair, White Javas 8/6 pair, small Foreigners from 2/- pair, Scarlet Weavers 5/6, Corn Bunting 3/-. Small pet animals: Squirrels, Monkeys, Kittens, Dogs, Puppies, etc. Mealwornis 1/6 1000, 5/- Ib., 7/- quart. Husks for Budgerigars 5d. each, 3/6 dozen Ants’ eggs, Flies, Egg and all other Foods. “ Insectovine’”’ high-class Softbill Food, x/6lb. ‘‘ Larkine’’ Softbill Food; 6d.lb. ‘ Frusectoviue,’’ finest food for Tanagers, 1/6 lb. Fox & Co.’s pure Egg and Biscuit 6d. and 1/- per tin. Millet Sprays, 50 1/6. Full price list free. Miss ALICE ROSEy, “‘ Rosemary ”’ House, Seaside Road, Eastbourne. When corresponding with advertizers please mention “' Bird Notes,”’ 25 JUNE 15th, 1909. The Foreign Bird Club. 9 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. IMPORTANT.—At a recent meeting of the Council it was proposed to alter the Club year from— eas at present March Ist to February 28th, TO JANUARY Ist ‘O DECEMBER 3Ist. The present arrangement of overlapping into two years, causes much con- fusion among many of the members, besides increasing the work of the Hon. Secretary and ‘Treasurer, and they strongly urged the change. As the proposed change was au important one, and would involve the current volume being two numbers short, nine instead of the usual eleven, a vote of the whole Council was taken on the question. ‘The result is as follows :— For the change 10; Against 8. Thus by a large majority the Council have decided in favour of the change and the Club year will, in future, commence on January Ist aud terminate on December 31st of each vear. We would point out, that though this change means two numbers short for current volume of Bird Noles, if copy is to hand, the volume will be but little, if any, smaller than its predecessors in bulk, and the full number of coloured plates will be issued. EXHIBITIONAL, ‘here was also a strong desire expressed to do more to encourage the exhibition of Poreigu Birds; after much discussion it was generally felt that in the present financial position we could not draw on the regular funds for this purpose; however, it was unaminously decided to have two silver cups to be competed for among the mem bers—one for Lon- don, the other for the Provinces ; two members of the Council promising one guinea each towards the cost. As regards the conditions of competition I have received the following from Mr. Townsend, Hahibitional Secretary :— 26 “« Delete rule 7 and add in place : “The London Silver Cup, value £4. 4. 0., will be offered for com- “petition at any Londou Show having our patronage, where ten or *“miore classes are given.” “The Provincial Silver Cup, value £2. 2. 0., will be offered for com- “petition at any Provincial Show having our patronage, where six or “more classes are given; for the best Foreign Bird in the Show “exhibited by a member. No member can win a Cup more than “once in a season. No Medal or Cup shall be awarded at any Show ‘unless three members compete, and the Cup will not be awarded if “more than one class is caucelled.” Members are supposed to know this rule as it will not be published in Schedules advertising the Cup, and it also remains for memPers to get their Show Secretary to apply for same, We shall be glad to receive donations to make up the cost of these Cups, four guineas being still required. The Magazine Committee much regret the irregular and tardy appearance of the last (May) issue—the issue was ready and the uncoloured series issued on May 15th; but owing to an unforseen and unavoidable delay arising in connection with the colouring of the plates, some portion of the edition was not despatched till May 28th. WESLEY T. PAGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. Illustration Fund. The Council thankfully acknowledge the following donations towards the Illustration Fund and Deficit. PESELS (Gl. Dr. Alex. Boswell .. ite 60 GD Ono H. Gray, M.R.C.V.S. ae .. (P.M. fee) 0) 526 Mrs. W. F. Henderson 5 re oc 010 6 Dr. A. Walker... (overpaid subscription) 0) 0 "6 27 New Members Elected. VINCENT E. BuriLerR, “Ingomar,” Chepstow Road, Newport, Mon. Mr. Busy, The Art Schools, Dock Street, Newport, Mon. H. M. Groves, ‘the National and Provincial Bank, High Street, Newport, Mon. D. CROISDALK-KIRK, Blair Athol, Ilanishen, near Cardiff. KENNETH BROTHERTON, 5, Sullibody Road, Alloa, Clackmannanshire, N.B. Dr. ALEX. BOSWELL, Ashbourne, Derbyshire. EK. SvrREEHT, 75 and 76, Horninglow Street, Burton. Proposed for Election as Members. J. M. KeEnwor'rny, Meadowcroft, Windermere. by S. BEATY. Sir WILLIAM TRELOAR, Bart., Grange Mount, Norwood, Surrey. éy TINNISWOOD MILLER, F.Z.S. W. SHORE BAILY, Boyors House, Westbury, Wilts. dy the Hon. Editor. I,. J. Dosprk, Moorland House, Heswall. Cheshire. Proposed and seconded by W..R. TEMPLE aud Dr. AMSLER. Changes and Corrections of Address. Dr. MCDONAGH, 65, Elsham Road, Kensington, London, W. Gro. W. IyvrHGor, 76, Shrewsbury Road, Old Trafford, Manchester. D. DEWAR, Cottfield, Montagu Road, Datchet, Bucks. +34 THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements, four words a peutry; Non-Members, three words a peuny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PLATES: ‘The following are in stock : Vinacious Firefinch, Orange Flauked Parrakeet, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, Tri- coloured Tanager, Waxwing, Sepoy Finch, Senegal Parrot and Gouldian Finch. ‘These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each ; and also all of more recent issue. Apply The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound copies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply Yhe HON. KDITORIAL SECRETARY. ON SALE FOR BENEFIT OF ILLUSTRATION FUND.:—4ird Notes, Vol. IL., 10/-, donated by Mr. N. S. O’Reilly. Apply The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. When corresponding with advertizers please mention ‘' Bird Notes,’’ 2) The Publishers have kindly donated their file copy of Vol. I. Bird Notes to the lustration Fund—Bound, slightly soiled. Offers invited. Apply The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. Hen Cinnamon Sparrow 4/-; cock Madagascar Weaver 3/6: cock Combassou 2/6. WANTED: hens Long-tailed Grassfinches. . H. Borrine, ‘‘ Mountside,’’ Harrow Road, Dorking. FoR SALE: From outdoor aviaries—Chinese Quails 20/- pair; Silver Pheasants 15/- pair ; all in fine condition. DouGLas KirK, Llanishen, near Cardiff. For SALE: Bixd Notes, Vols. Il, III. and IV.; also Lloyd’s Natural Ffistory, Vols. J. and II., bound, perfect condition. Crimson-crested Cardir:al 10/6, 2 years, a beauty ; pair of Coral-necks, bred in cage, 7/6 JAMES STOREY, 124, Boundary Road, N.W. Borzois: several first rate puppies for disposal, straight, sound, well-grown, and the best of breeding. Would exchange for first rate foreign birds, mutual approval, or sell, £2. 2. 0. upwards Also cock Yellow-vented Blue Bonnet, winner of overs5o firsts and specials, and cock Many-colour, living gems; or would purchase hens. T. R. HapLey, Burton-on-Trent. Offers wanted for two cock Scarlet Tanagers and hen Bourke’s Parrakeets, all acclimatized, fine plumage, Gouldian Finches wanted. CREASEY, 48, Albert Grove, Longsight, Manchester. Stanley Parrakeet (P. zcterortis) £4 4/- pair; 1hen Many Color £1 10/-; Diamond Doves 15/- pair; Peaceful Doves Io/- pair; Brouzeneck Doves Al 5/- pair; I Sulphur Crested White Cockatoo, from the nest, talking, price £3 Io/-; all acclimatized; also 1 Great Bower Bird’s bower, complete £3 Io/-. Payvng & WALLACH, Little Zoo, Bath. NON-MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. June 2nd. Arrived by the S.S. Wilcannia. direct for D. De Von & Co., 2453 pairs Budgerigars, 1616 pairs Zebra Finches, 91 pairs Diamond Doves anda quantity of Blue Bonnets, White-crested Cockatoos, Rose Cockatoos and Corallas. Call and see the stock or send for price lists. Also every other variety of birds for show and aviary. D. DE Von. 114, Bethnal Green Road, London. ‘Telephones :5489 Lon- don Wall, and 7708 Gerrard. Telegraph : ‘ Oiseaux,’ London. Rosellas 30/- pair, Pennants 30/- pair, Barnards 40/- pair, Cockateels 12/- pair, Rosy Cockatoos 8/6 pair, large Iemon-crested Cockatoos 25/- each, Piping Crows 30/- each, Hoopoes 25/-, Blue Rollers 30/-, Wrynecks 15/-, Great Black Woodpecker 35/-, Green Woodpecker 17/-, Great Spotted Woodpecker 15/-, Middle Spotted 15/-, lesser Spotted 17/-, many other Kuropean birds end of May. Adult breeding Budgerigars, selected pairs 7/6, Yellows 8/6 pair, Madagascar Lovebirds 3/6 pair, Moustache Parra- keets o/- pair, White Javas 8/6 pair, small Foreigners from 2/- pair, Scarlet Weavers 5/6, Corn Bunting 3/-. Small pet animals: Squirrels, Monkeys, Kittens, Dogs, Puppies, etc. Mealworms 1/6 1000, 5/- Ib., 7/- quart. Husks for Budgerigars 5d. each, 3/6 dozen. Ants’ eges, Flies, Egg and all other Foods. “ Insectovine”’ high-class Softbill Food, x/olb. © Larkine’’ Softbill Food, 6d. 1b. ‘ Frusectovine,’’ finest food for Tanagers, 1/6 Ib. Fox & Co.’s pure Egg and Biscuit 6d. and 1/- per tin. Millet Sprays, 50 1/6. Full price list free. Miss Arick Rosky, “ Rosemary ’’ House, Seaside Road, Eastbourne. When corresponding with advertisers please menticn “ Bird Notes. 29 JULY 15th, 1909. The Foreign Bird Club. 9 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. IMPORTANT.—In the rules, re Cup Competition (in June issue), there was a printers’ omission, which I failed to note when reading the proofs. To prevent confusion the rules in full are as follows: “Delete rule 7, and add in place: “The London Silver Cup, value £4. 4. 0., will be offered for com- “petition at any London Show having our patronage, where ten or “more classes are given.” “The Provincial Silver Cup, value £2. 2. 0., will be offered for com- “petition at any Provincial Show having our patronage, where six “or more classes are given; for the Best Foreign Bird in the Show ‘exhibited by a member. No member can win a Cup more than “once in a Season.” “The Cup must be won three times (not necessarily in succession) “before becoming the property of the winner. “No Medal or Cup shall be awarded at any Show unless at least “three members compete, and the Cup will not be awarded if more “than one class is cancelled.” May we again be permitted to urge upon each individual member, the importance of each making known the Foreign Bird Club and its objects, to all interested in birds in their locality. If this were really done, we should double our membership in a few months, awd we venture to strongly urge all to do what they can, so that this may be brought about. We shall be pleased to supply specimen copies for this purpose, or to send them to prospective candidates on request. We urge all our members to send us records of their birds, nesting notes (mere attempts often supply useful data), descriptions of aviary, rare acquisitions, etc., of either Foreign or British species. Will members residing out of England kindly send us Avicultural and Field Notes of the birds of their locality ? By all assisting in this manner, the contents of our Magazine will be kept varied, interestiag and practical ; but this can only be accomplished by the co-operation of all. WESLEY T. PAGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. 30 Post Mortem Reports continued. PENNAN''’S PARRAKEE'’. (Mrs. B. Croysdale). The bird was suffering from a caseous nodular disease of the skin. PaRROY FincH. (Mrs. C. A. Longdon). Cause of death, pneumonia and enteritis. It isa very common diseased condition arising during wet changeable weather. Cock GOULDIAN FINCH. (B. H. Creasey). Cause of death, pneumonia. Cock NorwicH Canary. (Kenneth Brotherton). The liver was under- going atrophic fatty degeneration ; there were immense fatty deposits between and around the abdominal viscera. Cock GREY SINGING FincH. (R. E. Simpson). Cause of death, pneu- monia. Cock PARADISE WHyDAH. (R. E. Simpson). Cause of death, pneumonia. Hen J,EADBEATER CocKa'roo. (Miss Drummond). Cause of death, enteritis. How long had the bird been in your possession? If recently acquired will vou kindly tell me where it was purchased ? Bird Fever vas been raging for the last two or three months; it has decimated many bird-rooms and in every case encountered by the writer the disease was introduced by a newly-purchased bird. Bird fanciers should be very cautious in purchasing at this time of the year birds from dealers and even unscrupulous bird fanciers, who, as soon as they find they have disease in their bird-room dispose of their stock even to their fellow fanciers! Freshly purchased birds should be isolated for at least six weeks. HENRY GRay, M.R.C.V.S. Illustration Fund. The Council thankfully acknowledge the following donations towards the Illustration Fund and Deficit, hs. de C. Cushiny Ty ae H. Willford ak ot sie La fe) The Publishers a (Sale of File copy, Vol. T.) 17 N.S. O'Reilly .. (Sale of Vol. IL., 217d Notes) 10 Rev. R. E. P. Gorringe Mrs. E. A. Hartlev .. I,, W. Horton 30 Capt. J. S. Reeve H. Wardale Miss Drummond Dr. Hetley 40 50 Hon. L,. de Yardburgh Bateson W. Pyke fe) ooo 000000 © 0 Re oo NAnHOVOWVDIAeDDOAAO O NnNOMN | ONT a 4 aS 5° L> 31 New Members Elected. J. M. KENwor'ruy, Meadowcroft, Windermere. Sir WILLIAM TRKLOAR, Bart., Grange Mount, Norwood, Surrey. W. SHORE BaILy, Boyors House, Westbury, Wilts. lL. J. Dosre, Moorland House, Heswall, Cheshire. Proposed for Election as Members. J. HicruBorHam, Hyde House, Crescent Rise, Luton, Beds. by J. C. W. MEADOWS. Miss G. ANDERSON, Clopton Cottage, Bury-St.-Edmunds. éy Dr. G. MASTER. Miss KATHERINE WEBB, 35, Barton Road, Cambridge. éy Mrs. C. ANNINGSON. Changes and Corrections of Address. Miss Bus’EKD, 62, Comeragh Road, West Kensington. Mrs. COWPER CooPHR, Ernery Down, Lyndhurst, For H. M. GROvES, under ‘*‘ New Members ” in last issue, read H. M. GROVE. et THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements, four words a penny; Non-Members, three words a penny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PILATES: ‘The following are in stock : Vinacious Firefinch, Orange Flanked Parrakeet, Hawk-headed Parrot, Violet Parrot, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, Tri-coloured Tanager, Black-cheeked Tanager, Superb Tanager, Blue and Maroon Tanager, Giant Barbet, Mexican Trogon, Rainbow Bunting, Painted Finches, Waxwing, Senegal Parrot, Gold-fronted Parrakeet, Sepoy Finch, Group of 4 Spermophila, Group of Siskins, Green-billed Toucan and others. These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each. Apply The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. &= When corresponding with advertizers please mention “Bird Notes.” p 32 WANTED: Bound copies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply ‘The Hon. EDITORIAL, SECRETARY. WANTED: King Parrakeet. Hon. Lady HARVEY, Langley Park, Slough. FOR SALE: One Mexican Rail, privately imported, species not yet ascertained, in perfect condition, quite tame, 35/-. R. Suceirr, Suggitt’s Lane, Cleethorpes. Doves, Violet or White-fronted, Aurita, White-winged Bronze-necked; at very low prices as room is wanted. WANTED: Two Yellow Budgerigars (heus). Miss R. ALDERSON, Park House, Worksop. Offers wanted for two cock Scarlet Tanagers and heu Bloodrump Parrakeet, all acclimatised, fine plumage. Gouldian Finches wanted, CREASHY, 48, Albert Grove, Longsight, Manchester. WANTED: Hen Californian Quail, adult. Mrs. CROYSDALK, Hawke House, Sunbury-on-Thames. Stanlev Parrakeet (P. ccterotis) £4 4/- pair; 1 hen Many Color £1 Io/-; Diamond Doves 15/- pair; Peaceful Doves Io/- pair; Bronzeueck Doves 41 5/- pair; 1 Sulphur Crested White Cockatoo, from the nest, talking price £3 10/-; all acclimatized; also 1 Great Bower Bird’s bower, complete £3 Io/-. Payne & WaLLACK, Little Zoo, Bath. NON-MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. Out-door bred Budgerigars 5/6 pair, Yellows 8/6, Hoopoes, Blue Rollers, Green Woodpeckers, Great Spotted Woodpeckers, Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, Creepers, etc. Foreign Aviary Birds in great variety from clean, well-kept aviaries Full price list issued fortnightly, post free on application. Smal! pet animals of every description, Mealworms 1/6 1,000, 5/- lb’ Husks for Budgerigars, ready for use, 3/6 doz., 5d. each. ‘‘Insectovine,’’ high-class softbill food, 1/- 1b. Foods and Seeds of every description. Miss ALICK ROSEY, ‘‘ Rosemary ’’ House, Seaside Road, Eastbourne. When oorresponding with advertisers please menticn ‘‘ Bird Notes.”’ AUGUST 16th, 1909. The Foreion Bird Club. 9 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. SUMMER NUMBER: A new departure has been made with this issue and for the first time an August number is issued; we purposed issuing a coloured plate with it, but Mr. Goodchild has unfortunately been unable to coniplete same in time. We hope the issue will become permanent, and this should be so, providing our membership continues to increase ; to this end, we venture to urge once more upon all the importance of making the Club and its Magazine known to all keepers of Foreign Birds. The Hon. Editorial Secretary will have much pleasure in sending a specimen copy and particulars to anyone at the request of a member. We specially urge upon the attention of every member the Notices in July issue and request the co-operation of all that our aspirations may be fully realised. WESLEY T. PAGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. Illustration Fund. The Council thankfully acknowledge the following donations towards the Illustration Fund. osu de eet tS Camnips o¢ 3E re fe 010 0 O. Millsum ete re as 30 O10 0 Lo fo) New Members Elected. J. HictnsoruHam, Hyde House, Crescent Rise, Luton, Beds. Miss G. ANDERSON, Clopton Cottage, Bury-St.-Edmunds, Miss KATHERINE WEBB, 35, Barton Road, Cambridge. Proposed for Election as Members. _G. M. BROTHERSTON, 23, Jeffrey Street, Edinburgh. é6y JAMES F. DEWAR. THOS. COCHRANE, Iinden Lea, St. Boswells. EVELINE MaLcHu, Wragmore, Southbury, Leighton Buzzard. H. B. LaRNER, Holt, Norfolk. éy the Hon. Editor. Change of Address. Miss KE. L. JARDINE, Zungew, Northern Nigeria. 34 THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements, four words a penny; Non-Members, three words a peuny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PLATES: The following are in stock : Vinacious Firefinch, Orange Flauked Parrakeet, Hawk-headed Parrot, Violet Parrot, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, fri-coloured ‘fanager, Black-cheeked Tanager, Superb Tanager, Blue and Maroon Tanager, Giant Barbet, Mexican ‘trogon, Rainbow Bunting, Painted Finches, Waxwings Senegal Parrot, Gold-fronted Parrakeet, Sepoy Finch, Group of 4 Spermophila, Group of Siskins, Green-billed Toucan and others. These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each. Apply Yhe Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound copies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply Yhe Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Black or Red-headed Gouldian cock, and hen Crimson Finch, state price; will exchange Brazilian Black-headed and British Siskin hybrid, 3 monthis old. M. ARONS'TEIN, 30, Grand Parade, Cork. Stanley Parrakeet (P. zcterotis) £4 4/- pair; Diamond Doves 15/- pair ; Peace- ful Doves to/- pair; Bronzeneck Doves £1 5/- pair; 1 Sulphur Crested White Cockatoo, from the nest, talking, price £3 10/-; all acclimiatized ; also 1 Great Bower Bird’s bower complete £3 Io/-. PavNnE & WALLACE, I.ittle Zoo, Bath. NON-MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. Out-door bred Budgerigars 5/6 pair, Yellows 8/6, Hoopoes 20/- each, Blue Rollers 25/- each, Crossbills 5/- pair, Golden Orioles 30/-, Archbishop ‘Tanagers 20/- each, Sugar Bitds 25/- each, Bluish ‘anagers 20/- each, Red-crested Cardinals 5/6 each, Black-throated Cardinals 5/6, White Javas 8/6 pair, tame Canary-wing Parrakeets 15/- each, a large number of Biahops, Weavers, Whydahs now coming into colour, fully acclimatised. Foreign Aviary Birds in great variety from clean, well-kept aviaries. Full price list issued fortnightly, post free on application. Smal! pet animals of every description. Mealworms 1/6 1,000, 57- lb‘ Husks for Budgerigars, ready for use, 3/6 doz., 5d. each. ‘‘Insectovine,’’ high-class softbil! food, 1/- 1b. Foods and Seeds of every description. ‘ Miss ALICE ROSEy, ‘‘ Rosemary ’’ House, Seaside Road, Eastbourne. D. DEVON, Lrp., 114, Bethnal Green Road, London, E. Telephone 5489 wall. Telegraph ‘ OrsEAUXx,’ London. LARGEST STock of adult breeding Budgerigars in Europe. 27 CASES OF RARE BIRDS and animals to arrive direct from our catchers in South America Aug. 13th. Write for Price List: When corresponding with advertisers please mention ‘‘ Bird Notes.”’ 35 SEPTEMBER 165th, 1909. Che Foreign Bird Club. 9 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. THE MAGAZINE: The present, profusely illustrated issue must not ' be taken as a precedent, as our funds would not permit such oftén—it is to meet the special requirements of what may be termed a ‘ BREEDING RECORDS ISSUE ”’—some of the plates are given. BRITISH BIRDS: We hope members will support this innovation and that any who keep indigenous species will contribute liberally to this section. While our main object is to deal with them aviculturally— Migration Notes, Interesting Occurrences, aud General Field Notes will also be greatly appreciated, The success of this or any other feature lies with each individual member; aud we hope each member will thus see their share of responsibility to the Magazine. The Illustration Fund is still open, and contributions will be grate- fully acknowledged by the Committee., Your attention is drawn to the Notices, ete., of the Exhibitional Secretary on page 37. WESLEY T. PAGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. New Members Elected. G. M. BROTHERSYON, 23, Jeffrey Street, Edinburgh. THOS. COCHRANE, I,inden Lea, St. Boswells. Viscountess EVELINKE MaLDEN, Wragmore, Southbury, Leighton Buzzard. H. B. LARNER, Holt, Norfolk. Proposed for Election as Members. ROBERT E. PANWELS, Everberg par, Cortenberg, Belguim. éy Mrs. KE. WARREN VERNON. Sir CHas. T,AWES-WITTEWRONGE, Bart., Studio, Chelsea Gardeus, London, S.W. by ‘T. MILLER, F.Z.S. Changes and Corrections of Addresses. EVELINE MALCHU, under ‘Members proposed,” should read Viscountess E. MALDEN, Wragiiore, Southbury, Leighton Buzzard. JAMES P. SturRRocK, M.D., Northcote, Edinburgh Road, Perth. Miss M. A. MCWILLIAM, 61, Elm Park Mansions, london, S.W. Dr. J. HE. R. McDonaGu, 19, Harley Street, London, W. 36 THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorfal Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements, four words a penny; Non-Members, three words a penny, 2 MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PILATES: ‘The following are in stock : Vinacious Firefinch, Orange Flanked Parrakeet, Hawk-headed Parrot, Violet Parrot, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, Tri-coloured Tanager, Black-cheeked Yanager, Superb Tanager, Blue and Maroon Tanager, Giant Barbet, Mexican Trogon, Rainbow Bunting, Painted Finches, Waxwinugs Senegal Parrot, Gold-fronted Parrakeet, Sepov Finch, Group of 4 Spermophila, Group of Siskins, Green-billed Toucan and others. These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each. Apply The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound copies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply The Hon. HDITORIAL SKCRETARY. FOR SALE: Complete sets and in new condition Bizd Noles, unbound. Vol. I., 21/-5 Vol: Wy wi6s Vols. Ill. DVevand Vers /omesehr Vols. VI. and VII., 12/6 each. A near offer would be entertained for the complete set. Vols. I. to VII. Apply to Vhe HON. EDITORIAL SFCRETAY. 6. Rvlett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, W. FOR EXCHANGE: Fight pairs full grown Yellow Budgerigars. out door aviary. Hon. Lady HARVEY, Langley Park, Slough. WANTED: Pair Black- and Red-headed Gouldian Finches; hen Rufous- tailed Grass-finch; hen Longtailed Grass-finch. BOUSKIELD, 58, Southbourne Road, Bournemouth. BLACK-CHEKK J,OVE BIRDS: Mr. MatTHats, Stubbington, Hants, has voung birds. bred this vear in his outdoor aviary, at 21/- each —strong, healthy, and in fine plumage and condition. Doves: Violet (or White-fronted) 18/-; Aurita 9/6; White-winged rr/6, all per pair; Hen Red Mountain-dove 15/-. Miss R. ALDERSON, Park House, Worksop. NON-MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. Out-door bred Budgerigars 5/6 pair. Yellows 8/6, Hoopoes 20/- each, Rlue Rollers 25/- each, Golden Orioles 30/-, Red-crested Cardinals 5/6 each, Black-throated Cardinals 5/6,a large number of Bishops, Weavers, Whydahs vow coming into colour, fully accli- matised. Foreign Aviary Birds in great variety from clean, well-kept aviaries. Full price list issued fortnightly, post free on application. Smal! pet animals of every description, Mealworms 1/6 1,000, 5/- Ib* Husks for Budgerigars, ready for use, 3/6 doz., 5d. teach. ‘‘Insectovine,’? high-class softbill food, 1/- lb. Foods and seeds of every description. Iarge Millet Sprays 1/6 bundle. Miss ALick Rosky, ‘“‘ Rosemary ”? House, Seaside Road, Eastbourne. 37 THE SHOW SEASON. Regulations as to Club Medals and Cups Made by the Show Committee of the Council, All Medals aud Cups shall he given for the Best Bird. Members exhibiting at Shows where Club Medals are given, must place the initials ‘‘ F.B.C.” after each entry on the entry form, and request the Secretary to insert the same in the Show Catalogue. No member shall win more than Two Medals in one season—one silver and one bronze—or more than ONE Medal at the same Show. No Medal shall he given at any Show, unless the Classification and the name of the Judge be first submitted to and approved by the Com- mittee. Preference shall be given to Shows at which the Club’s Classification is adopted and one of the Club’s Judges appointed. No Medal shall be given at any Show, where less than THREE Classes for Foreign Birds are provided, and no Silver Medal where less than stx Classes. The Show Committee reserve the right of waiving this number at their discretion. Medals given at OPEN SHOWS only. Birds in Members’ Classes shall not compete. (a) The Iondon Silver Cup, value £4. 4. 0., will be offered for com- petition at anv London Show having our patronage, where ten or more Classes are given. (6) The Provincial Silver Cup, value £2. 2. 0., will be offered for com- petition at any Provincial Show having our patronage, where six or more classes are given; for the Best Foreign Bird in the Show exhibited by a member. No member can win a Cup more than once in a Season. (c) Lhe Cup must be won three times (not necessarily in succession) before becoming the property of the winner. (@) No Medal or Cup shall be awarded at any Show unless at least three members compete, and the Cup will not be awarded if more than one class is cancelled. The Show Committee have granted our patronage to the following Shows. Other Shows receiving same will be announced in due course. As has already been announced, through the kindness of some of our members, we have now two Silver Cups for competition: one for loudon and one for the Provinces, and it is hoped that these will induce more of 38 our members to exhibit. Several Provincial Shows have already shown an enterprising spirit in increasing their classification to six classes in order to have the Cup for competition at their Shows, and it is hoped that members will do their best to support them. . The Show Committee wish to point out to members that by exhibit- ing at Shows advertised in the Magazine they are helping the Club, as all these advertisements are paid for, Members are reminded that they must put ‘“F.B.C.” after KACH eutry, as it is not possible for a Secretary who does not know anything about our membership to give a complete list to the Judge otherwise. Rochdale. October 22nd and 23rd. Classification for six classes for Foreign Birds. Silver Cup (see rules), winner to receive a Bronze Medal in token of having won the Cup ouce. Judge, Mr. C. A. House. Schedules from Mr. J. BurreERWORTH, 28, Smith Street, Rochdale. Burton-on-Trent. October 23rd. Classification for four classes for Foreign Birds. One Biouze Medal. Judge, Mr. J. Rosson. Schedules from Mr. J. ELLiorr, 69. Queen Street, Burton-on-Trent Manchester. October 29th and 3oth. Classification for six classes for Foreign Birds. Silver Cup (see rules), winner to receive a Bronze Medal in token of having won the Cup once. Judge, Mr. C. Hourron. Schedules from Mr. G. W. F. LYTHGOE, 76, Shrewsbury Street, Old Trafford, Manchester. 3, Swift Street, S. M. TOWNSEND, Fulham, S.W. Hon. Exhibitional Sec. 39 OCTOBER 16th, 1909. The Foreign Bird Club. 9 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. THE MaGAZINE: The present issue is the first of the current Vol. which has appeared with only a single illustration, we however hope it will not prove the least interesting. We lad hoped to have issued a coloured plate, but the artist has been unable to coniplete, it will however appear in next issue with other illustrations. THE MONTH’S ARRIVALS: Mr. ‘Seschemaker, who usually supplies these, has been taking holiday and away from his library and dealers’ establishments, he has been unable to contribute any notes this month, and, owing to business pressure I have found it quite impossible to fill the gap. I may however say that practically the whole of the list given in September issue are still on sale. THE Councir,: The present Club year terminates on December 31st and the Hon. Editorial Secretary will be glad to hear from any member willing to serve on the Council for next vear, so that voting papers may be distributed in accordance with the Club rules. We desire to express our sincere thanks for the hearty support that has been given to the Illustration and Deficit Fund, thereby enabling the present standard of the Club Magazine to be maintained. The Balance Sheet (somewhat belated owing to extreme business pressure preventing my getting the accounts ready for audit) is published in this issue, and we feel sure it must be a cause of congratulation for all, that with our small membership, so good a result has been obtained. The attention of our exhibiting members is drawn to the Notices and Show Advertisements on page 42. WESLEY T. PaGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. 40 Post Mortem Reports continued. LAVENDER FINCH. (Miss M. Greeven). Cause of death, pneumonia. Birds often die in a convulsive fit when suffering from pneumonia or sonie other complaint. VIOLET-BACKED ‘TANAGER CocCK. (Miss Drummond). Cause of death, pueunionia. Sick birds very often pick at food which they do not seem to eat and yet appear very ravenous. I am of opinion it was a coincidence that your birds seem to go offand die when you stopped giving them oranges for a few days. HEN CUBAN FINCH. (Dr. J. Easton Scott). I amof opinion exposure for the night was the cause of death The lungs were congested. HEN BARNARD PARRAKEE'. (J. C. W. Meadows). ‘The cause of death was pneumonia. The condition of being ‘‘stuck in the moult” is generally due to ill-health or improper food. GREEN ConurRk. (W. IT. Page). Cause of death was fatty and atrophied liver. Answered by post: J. R. Hadley; W. R. Temple; The Countess of Winchelsea; G. Rattigan; H. Robbins. HENRY Gray, M.R.C.V.S. New Members Elected. ROBERT E. PANWKLS, Everberg par, Cortenberg, Belguiim. Sir CHas. LAwkS-WITTEWRONGE, Bart., Studio, Chelsea Gardens, London, S.W. Proposed for Election as Members. JAMES YHKALLAND, Pondcast l’arm, Haven Street, Isle of Wight. J. SUMMER MARRINER, 4, The Drive, Ben Rhydding. éy The Hon. Editorial Secretary. Major B. R. HORSBRUGH, Alkham Vicarage, near Dover. by W. E. ‘TESCHEMAKRR, B.A. W. H. RAVEN, 239, Derby Road, Nottingham. Mrs. B. DOHERTY, Vernon House, Weston, Bath. éy the Hon. and Rev. Canon Durron. Changes and Corrections of Addresses. I). DEwarR, Allahabad, U. P., India. E. Hopninson, D.S.O., etc., Gambia, West Africa. 41 THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements. four words a penny; Non-Members, three words a penny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PLATES: The following are in stock : Vinacious Firefinch, Orange Flanked Parrakeet,” Hawk-headed Parrot, Violet Parrot, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, ‘Tri-coloured Tanager, Black-cheeked Tanager, Superb Tanager, Blue and Maroon Tanager, Giant Barbet, Mexican Trogon, Rainbow Bunting, Painted Finches, Waxwings Senegal Parrot, Gold-fronted Parrakeet, Sepov Finch, Group of 4 Spermophila, Group of Siskins, Green-billed Toucan and others. These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each. Apply The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound copies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply The Hon. HDIrvoRIAl, SECRETARY. FOR SATE: Complete sets and in new condition Bixd Noles, unbound. Vol, Il, 17/65. Vols. TIl., FV. and V.. 8/6 each ;; Vols. VI. «and VII., 12/6 each. SNOILVALSOIT] ALIN A\ 29 MOVIE 6061 7 radoid ssaz7 oli eG Og = sored 40S WZ JUaND Surmo[oo-pury pue SUNULIg ‘Sato}G JO ay ‘say ,s}sjy ISHLWId GHUNO'IOD 60, ‘q2.J 0} gO, “AVI ‘SaoNy Pag Suyutig (g-Lo61 JIOyap) 191nsva1y 0} snp sdUR[e_ OL ad ‘606F “ISS Adenaqeay Sulpua avak ayy soy ‘GND CUIM NOITNOd 243 JO LAATHS FAONVIYA NOVEMBER 15th, 1909. Che Foretan Bird Club. » 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. THE COUNCIL: ‘This is not vet complete, a list and if necessary voting papers, will be included in uext issue. The attention of members is directed to the notices of the Exhibitional Secretary on pages 47 aud 48, these being of much import to exhibitors this month. WESLEY T. PaGH, Hon. Editorial Secretary. Change and Correction of Address. N. S. O'REILLY, 80, Marine Parade, Brighton. New Members Elected. JAMES YRALLAND, Pondeast arm, Haven Street, Isle of Wight. J. SUMMER MARRINRR, 4. The Drive. Ben Rhydding. Major B. R. HorsBruGH, Aikham Vicarage, near Dover. Proposed for Election as Members. LORD WILLIAM CECIL, 23, Queen’s Gate Gardens, London, S.W. dy YINNISWOOD MILLER F.Z.S. W. EpmMuNDs, Coomb Farm, Langton Matravers, Dorset. NEVILLE WILLFORD, Havenstreet, Isle of Wight. 6y H. WILLFORD. 46 THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements. four words a penny; Non-Members, three words a penny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PLATES: ‘The following are in stock : Vinacious Firefinch, Orange Flanked Parrakeet, Hawk-headed Parrot, Violet Parrot, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, Tri-coloured Tanager, Black-cheeked Tanager, Superb Tanager, Blue and Maroon Tanager, Giant Barbet, Mexican ‘Trogon, Rainbow Bunting. Painted Finches, Waxwings Senegal Parrot, Gold-fronted Parrakeet, Sepoy Finch, Group of 4 Spermophila, Group of Siskins, Green-billed Toucan and others. These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each. Apply Vie Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound copies or complete sets of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply Vie Hon. EDrrortaL SECRETARY. FOR SALE: Complete sets of loose parts. Vol. I. and II., 21/- each; Vol. VII., 12/6. New condition. Apply to Yhe Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. FOR SALE: TYhe Bird World, 12 parts, all issued, as new, 3/6 lot. Apply to The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY, 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, W. FOR SALE: Jamacian Hanguest, in good condition, been in birdroom 2} vears. PAGE, 6, Rvlett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, Iondon, W. FOR SALE: Six pairs adult Yellow Budgerigars 7/- from out-door aviary; I cock Blue-Bonnet Parrakeet 25/-; wanted 1 Silver Hen Pheasant. Hon. Lady HARVEY, Langley Park, Slough. WANTED: Certain cock Peach-faced lovebird. W. R. TEMPLE, Ormonde, Datehet, Bucks. FOR SALE: Young Himalayan Grey-winged Ouzel, aviary bred, make good songster, 35/-; also adult hen Rosella Parrakeets, 3 years in out- door aviary, 20/- each, or would exchange one for adult male. PaGH, 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, Loudon, W. Silver-eared Mesias, true pair, large size, absolutely hardy, shown sigus of nesting, perfect but not in show form, £5 5/-; Many-colour Parrakeets, exquisite pair, finest possible order, constant winners, have wintered out £4 4/-; Borzoi (Russian Wolf-hound) Dog-pup, age 7 months and stands over 29 inches already, wonderfully fine head, dense coat, straight and sound, finest possible breeding, £6 6/-. T. R. HADLEY, Burton-on-Trent. * NON-MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. Pine Grosbeaks 15/- pair; Siberian Bullfinches, cocks 7/6, hens 4/6; German Bull-finches, cocks 3/6, hens 16; Goldfinches, Siskins 3/6 pair; Nightjar 20/- ; outdoor Budgerigars 5/- pair; Yellows 8/- pair Mealworms 1/6 1,000, 5/- b., 7/6 quart; Husks for Budgerigars 5d each, 3/6 dozen ; Auts’ Egg 1/6 lb; Insectovine, finest insect food, 1/- |b; WLarkine 6dlb; Large Millet Sprays 50 for 1/6 Full price list free Miss Anice RosEy, ‘“‘ Rosemary ’’ House, Seaside Road, Eastbourne. 8a When corresponding with advertisers please mention ‘“ Bird Notes.’’ 47 THE SHOW SEASON. The Show Committee have granted our patronage to the following Shows. Other Shows receiving same will be announced in due course. Members are reminded that they must put ‘‘F.B.C.” after EACH entry, as it is not possible for a Secretary who does not know anything about our membership to give a comiplete list to the Judge otherwise. L.C.B.A Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster. November 26th to 29th. Classification for twelve classes for Foreign Birds and one Foreign Birds selling class. Silver Cup (see rules), and three Silver Medals. Judge, Mr. Huser? I). Astiey. Schedules from Messrs I'yson and MuGForRD, 73, Cloncurry Street, Fulham Palace Road, London, S.W. Brighouse. November 27th. Classification for six classes for Foreign Birds. Silver Cup (see rules), winner to receive a Bronze Medal in token of having won the Cup once. Judge, Mr. F. Howe. Schedules from Mr. F. MrrcHELL, 9, Marion Street, Brighouse, Yorks. Luton. December 8th. Classification for five classes for Foreign Birds. One Bronze Medal. Judge, Mr. 4. Sinver. Schedules from Mr. E. CHERRY, 4, Peel Street, Luton, Beds. Gateshead. December roth and rrth. Classification for four classes for Foreign Birds. One Bronze Medal. Judge, Mr. Dewar. Schedules from Mr. G. Buck, 3, Keswick Street, Gasteshead-on-Tyne. Edinburgh. Scottish National Show. December 31st and January tst. Classification for six classes for Foreign Birds. Silver Cup (see rules), winner to receive a Bronze Medal in token of having won the Cup once. Judge, Mr. C. T. Maxwell. Schedules from Mr. JAMES WINTER, II, Parkside Street, Edinburgh. The Show Committee wish to call attention of members to the very liberal classification given by the L..C.B.A. at their forthcoming Show. the largest that Foreign Bird Exhibitors have had for many years. ‘The last class ‘‘ Any other species”? has been divided into two sections (see schedule) as in previous years many deserving birds have been passed over as it was impossible to give prizes to all. It is hoped that exhibiting members will support this, as the Show authorities caunot be expected to extend their classification without support. The Show Committee also wish to thank two more members, besides those announced last month who have given Specials, viz.: 5/- or a Silver Medal for the Rest Bird in the Common Sead-eaters class; 5/- or a Silver Medal for the Best Bird in the rarer Waxbill class, and 5/- for the Best Bird 1n another class. 48 If members are in doubt as to which class to enter a bird, if they will write to me enclosing a stamped envelope I will do my best to assist them. The following results are to hand regarding the Provincial Silver Cup and Medals. ROCHDALE. Mr. O. MILLsum, Cup, with Brown’s Parrakeets. NEWCASTLE, Not awarded, only two members competing. BURTON-ON-TRENT, Mr. T. EB. HADLEY, Bronze Medal, with Chattering Lory. MANCHESTER. Mr. J. H. HARRISON, Cup, with Black-faced Sugar Bird. IMPORTANT. L.C.B.A. Show. ‘There is an error in Schedule as to the allocation of F.B.C. Specials: it should read— Spec. No 144 A handsome silver medal for the best bird shewn by a member in classes 160—163 145 Ditto ditto in classes 164—167 146 Ditto ditto in classes 168—17I A handsome china bow] for the best bird in classes 169—170 excluding the cup winners. 3, Swift Street, S. M. TOWNSEND, Fulham, S.W. Hon. Exhibtitional Sec. 49 DECEMBER 15th, 1909. The Foreign Bird Club. 9 9 NOTICES TO MEMBERS. IMporTANT. With this issue ends our eighth volume and also my teri of office (tliree years) as Hon. Editor of the Magazine expires. Under these conditions I trust I may be pardoned if the following notices are of a somewhat personal nature. In taking a brief review of this period, it is encouraging to note the fact that our increase has been substantial and progressive all through, moreover it still continues; nevertheless, Iam bound to admit failurein one respect. viz., I had hoped our increase would have been sufficiently great for income to have covered the cost of the enlarged Magazine this has not been achieved and to this extent I have to record failure; this necessitates the keeping open of an ‘Illustration Fund” till such time as our income covers expenditure .... I trust all will join in one united effort to this end, that no retrogressive step may be necessary. In my opinion, if we are to grow, the ‘ progressive policy’ ust be continued, at the same time it may be taken that our expenditure has reached the maximum; in fact. certain economics will be possible, with the altered conditions and consolidation which will come into force with our next volume. The prospects of the Club were never brighter, in spite of the difficulties of finance, and with one united two-fold effort—that is as regards the Illustration Fund and the seeking of new members —this, the only cloud upon our horizon, will soon disappear. As regards the vol. just completed, we feel that all will be agreed that it is fully equal to any of its predecessors, and that the special features which were indicated in the opening issue, have been given practical effect to and, judging by correspondence received, the result of the mutual help of the members, through the pages of the Magazine, has been eminently satisfactory. As regards the comiug vol., all present features will be retained; several coloured plates are already in hand, which promise to surpass Mr. Goodchild’s previous efforts; also series of articles ou special groups are in contemplation. As already intimated, my term of office as Hon. Editor expires on December gist next. I am willing to undertake the office for a further period of three years, providing I am assured of your continued sympathy, 50 support and: aid, in the performance of a really ardous and anxious task (low ardous few realise). Given this I feel assured that the steady progress of the past three vears will be maintained—but this can only be, by the anited effort of all, vour officers alone cannot achieve it. Judging by the experience of the past I am convinced this will be given. In conclusion I would desire to thank all for their support and co- operation in the past, whether in contributing to the Magazine, supplying financial help, or as colleagues in office, for it is only by this combined aid that the progress of the past has been achieved. We are again indebted to Mr. Henstock for preparing the whole of the indices, save that relating to ‘Genera and Species,” and we tender him our best thanks. We also tender our grateful thanks to Mr. W. E. Teschemaker for his iuteresting series of notes ‘the Month’s Arrivals,” and trust these will continue in the coming volume In like manner we gratefully acknowledge our indebtedness to Mr. Gray for his work as Hon. Vety. Surgeon during the year. To those mem- bers retiring from the Council and office we tender onr grateful thanks for valuable help and co-operation, ungrudgingly rendered during the vear. WESLEY T. PAGH, Hon, Editorial Secretary. The following have kindly consented to serve on the Council during the coming year, aud as the number is but 18 no election will be necessary. The Countess of WINCHELSEA. Dr. H. HHTLEY. Miss M. E. BAKER. Dr. EASrton Scorr. Miss Rosa IAL. d MiniHR,) LZsse Hon. W. B. WROYrTKSLEY, F.Z.S. W. R. TEMPLE. Dr. MCDONAGH. H. W. MATTHIAS. H. GRAY, M.R.C.V.S. W. T. ROGERS. W. BAMFORD. J. H. HARRISON. KE. W. CHAPLIN. A. SILVER. Mrs. C. ANNINGSON. R. SUGGIYL’. Hon. Treasurer and Business Secretary : H. WILLFORD. Change and Correction of Address. Major B. R. HORSBURGH, A.S.C., Morriston Biller, Newbridge, co. Kildare. G. E. Weston, 66, Woodsome Road, Highgate Road, London, N. W. W. GOODFELLOW. Mount Fleuri, Southbourtie Grove, Bournemouth. JAMES YELLAND, Havenstreet, I. of W. ~ 51 New Members Elected. NEVILLE WILLFORD, Havenstreet, Isle of Wight. W. EpmMuNDsS, Coomb Farm, Iangton Matravers, Dorset. LORD WILLIAM CKCIL, 23, Queen’s Gate Gardens, London, S.W. * J. H. RAVEN, 239, Derby Road, Nottinghim. Proposed for Election as Members. H. D. ASTLEy, M.A., F.Z.S., Benham Park, Newbury, Bucks. J. Rosson, 28, Caniden Grove, Peckham, S.E. by S. M. TOWNSEND. Hon. GWENDOLEN BourRKk, Glenorintten House, Oban, Argyleshire. by W. TESCHEMAKER, B.A, Rev. G. H. RAYNER, Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, Essex. by T. R. HADLEY. CHAS. WINDLE, Thirlmere, South End Road, Beckenham. by Mrs. E. A. H. HARTLEY. Miss VERA WILLFORD, 6, Wellington Square, Chelsea, Loudon, S.W. H. G. JEFFREY, 75, Ryle Street, Newport, I. of W. by H. WILLFORD. J. FROSTICK, 137. Endleshain Road, Balham, S.W. by the Hon. Editor. +e THE BIRD MARKET. All advertisements must be prepaid and reach the Editorial Secretary by the roth of the month Charge: Members’ advertisements. four words a penny; Non-Members, three words a penny. MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS. COLOURED PLATES: ‘The following are in stock : Vinacious Firefinch, Orange Flanked Parrakeet, Hawk-headed Parrot, Violet Parrot, Yellow Sparrow, Indian Roller, Tri-coloured ‘Tanager, Black-cheeked Tanager, Superb Tanager, Blue and Maroon ‘Tanager, Giant Barbet, Mexican Trogon. Rainbow Bunting, Painted Finches, Waxwings Senegal Parrot, Gold-fronted Parrakeet, Sepoy Finch, Group of 4 Spermophila, Groun of Siskins, Green-billed Toucan and others. These can be supplied to members uncut, for framing, at 1/- each. Apply Yhe Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY. WANTED: Bound covies or complete set of loose parts of Vol. I. Apply Vhe Hon. HDIrroRIAL SECRETARY. FOR SALE: Complete sets of loose parts. Vol. VII., 12/6. New condition. Apply to Yhe Hon. EDITORIAL, SECRETARY. . * Omitted tn November tssue. 52 FOR SALE: The Bird World, 12 parts, all issued, as new, 3/6 lot. Apply to The Hon. EDITORIAL SECRETARY, 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, W. FOR SALE: Jamacian Hangnest in good condition, been in birdroom 2} years, 35/-; | young Himalavan Grev-winged Ouzel, aviary bred, make good songster, 35/-; also hen Rosella Parrakeets, 3 vears in outdoor aviary, 20/- or would exchange one for adult male. PAGE, 6, Rylett Cresceut, Shepherd’s Bush, Iondon, W. FOR SALE: Reasonable offers requested. Silver-eared Mesias. true pair acclimatised, absolutely hardy and have shown signs of nesting; Many-colours, perfect pair in exquisite condition, have wintered out (cock bird twice), winners repeatedly. T. R. HALDEyY, Burton-on-Trent. Pair aviary bred Red-headed Gouldian, vear old, hen laid this year, £5. Miss GiBBons, Boddington Manor, Cheltenham. + Ht THE SHOW SEASON. The Show Committee have granted our patronage to the following Shows, Other Shows receiving same will be announced in due course. Members are reminded that they mzs¢ put ‘‘F.B.C.” after KACH entry, as it is not possible for a Secretary who does not know anything about our membership to give a complete list to the Judge otherwise. Edinburgh. Scottish National Show. December 31st and January tst. Classification for six classes for Foreign birds. Silver Cup (see rules), wiuner to receive a Bronze Medal in token of having won the Cup once. Judge, Mr. C. ‘I. MAxwkELuL. Schedules from Mr. JOHN WINTER, II, Parkside Street, Edinburgh. If any members are desirous of presenting special prizes at the forth- coming Crystal Palace Show, will they kindly let me know in time to get them announce in the schedule. The following results are to hand regarding the Silver Cups and Medals. NORWICH. Not awarded, only two metibers birds competing. NOTTINGHAM, Mr. J. H. HARRISON had the first and second best bird, but he having previously won the Cup this season, it was not awarded. L.C.B.A. Mr. O. MiiisuM, the London Silver Cup, with Hunstein’s Bird of Paradlse. Mrs. K. LESLIE MILLER, Silver Medal, with Rainbow Bunting, Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, Silver Medal, with Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot. 3, Swift Street, S. M. TOWNSEND, , Fulhain, S.W. Hon. Exhibttional Sec. Dike SS PUBLISHED ABOUT THE. 18th OF EACH MONTH a mr er RR NE: ESE ALE RIGHTS RESERVED. ; Prioe of this Issue: 2s.6d. ~ Members Annual Subssnptien! 108. Od. ; _Birp NOTES: THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. EDITED BY. WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S:; = Vole Vilt:. No. tS MARGH, 1909. CONTENTS, ? 3 The Giant Barbet (with Soares AU LAG re _S. M. Townsend The Genus Megalema -<. i Rey W. T. PAGE, F.Z.S.. Lhe Birds of Gambia. *, B E. HOPKINSON, D.S.0., M.A., M.B ‘2 Aviary Birds 1 have met in thew Natural State D, DEWAR, I.C.Si, F.Z.S, Miscellaneous Notes (1908) from Ballywalter Park Aviaries (with plates) *: LADY DUNLBATH . Experitnces of Poign Bird Impor tation “ .. . R.Sueerr? Parasiticat Habits of the Silky Cowbird. . fe «> O, MILrsuM Foreign Birds at the. Crystal Palace we & W.-T, PaGk, F.Z.S. EDITORIAL: - Banana Crystals ; University. of California Publications. « St. Helena Seedeater +- Canary, Hybrid. CORRESPONDENCE : An Bete dPAa Colour Change; A Britaie ~~. Consignment. of S. African Lirds ; A-Hybrid Grassfinch (a correction). BIRD NOTES FROM FAR AND Near: My Clarino. “. Tum Monty’ s ARRIVALS. Post Moarsit Rurorts.. ("
SAMPLES bin 4 Large Stock kept of Mealwortis, Ants’ Eggs, Dried Flies, s aud a Choice election of all kiuds of Food for Iusectivorous Birds. When corresponding: with advertisers please mention‘ Bird Notes.”’ : a= YOU like——— HY DE’S Bird Seeds - Have you tried their Dog and Puppy Cakes? te Ask your Order them “Dog. at your ~~ about them. » Stores. HYDE’ GS YVITAZ Ks ae FOOD AND SPICE, - Invaluable. for ese in Cold aE pew Weather. ai 2 SOLD H@ EVERYWHERE ENG. 5 PACKETS. ; RB HYDE & Oa., eta _ SPECIALISTS, CAMBERWELL SE pele oo ‘When. corresponding with advertisers pleas mention “Bird Notes “BCS BANANA CRYSTALS. | A valuable food for the basis of your Iisectivorous soft food mixture: Will keep perfectly fresh and wholesome alyess indefinite period. aes A COMPLETE FOOD (when boiled with Milk) FOR ALL POLLEN EATING BIRDS: . : LORIES, LORIKEETS, HANGING PARRAKEETS, Eto. THIS I GUARANTEE. Made from Ripe Bananas and New Laid Eggs, | BANANA CRYSTALS is nota Banana Meal, but a food conceived for. the requirements. of my own collection of ® Frugivorous and Insectivorous | Birds, and» -@ offered to fellow. fanciers after a-letigthy and most successful. period with i.::....)) £ TANAGERS TOUCANS ~ Mee pas SUGAR BIRDS JAYS bed FRUIT SUCKERS LORIES ~ ns HANGNESTS | ~~ LORIKEETS 6 THRUSHES HANGING Se ae - DRONGOS ; PARRAKEETS, Ete: 4, . % e “B.C.” is prepared in my own kitchens; and abaolute annie and quality of ingredients guaranteed, Our. worthy Editor -has experimented -with, aud still ‘uses. Banana Crystals, aud has pronounced it . ; “ INVALUABLE, AND ALL» YOU CLAIM FOR IT.” Introduced: at only the, price -of a good biscuit Od. per tb. | "Fibs. bag S/S ie ise Request. “ “PUBLISHED ABOUT THE 46th OF EACH MONTH “ALL RIGHTS RESERVED: — Price Monthly, 19d. ri -.-- Members Annual! Subscription: 10s. Od. BIRD NOTES: Vea - es THE JOURNAL OF ie THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. EDITED BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S. = Vel. Vin. No. 2. we APRIL, 1909. ‘CONTENTS, The Chars 7 rogon n (with coloured plate) GT... MAXWELL & W. 1. Pace, F. ZS. | “ahe Birds of Gambia Wty Mai E. HOPKINSON, D.S.O,, M-A., M.B. . 4 Mas. Anningson’s Finch Aviary (illustrated) e W.. ‘Tt. PaGk, F.Z.S. ‘Birds of india (a. leclure) re i bya Ds DEWAR, -2.C,S; : - Sexing Violel-necked Lories Gllustrated dee SS fags ee HADLEY, ae . Boor. Notices AND REVIEWS. : EDITORIAT, A Rare Arrival ; i Nesting” Notes ; Our Vanishing Species Ry British Bird Notes ; A Pied Ox 0+ Buffalo Weaver (illutsrated). Biep Novus FROM FAR AND NEAR: Penduline Zits ; _ Birds of Cape “Colony. © Tam Mowre’s. aGnivkr a: Mgrs es CASS o> @RIGHTON: “- Printed sind Publishod by W. T. MOULTON & Co., 4, Ohureh Strest, _ MEMORANDA FOR: MEMBERS. ee: : All subscriptions Sisnad ‘be ‘sent to the Hou toe ix TINNISWOOD MILLER, 27, Belgrave Road, Joudon, SW. ~ All dead birds for post mortem examinations should be vento. pe H. Gray, M.R.C.V.S., 23, Upper Phillimore .Place,. London, W : All MSS, for publication in “Bird Notes,” atid Books ieee proposals of new menibers and associates, notices of change of address, and advertisemeuts for “The Bird Market” should be sent to the Hon: Eprror; 6, Rylett Crescetit, Shepherd’s Bush, London, W. We All queries ast 6 the treatment of Parrots and Parrakeets shonld,. be sent to H.T. T.-Camps, Linden House, Haddeuhani, Tsle of My. All queriés:as to the treatment of iusectivorous and frnit-eating — birds should be seut to RussEnr, HUMPHRYS, Southbore’, Bickley.» iy ent. we All quéries as to the treatwent of suall’seed- eating birds should, Sie be.seut to H. R. Fim_MErR; 52, Ship Street, Brighton, oak a‘, Any letlers about the trealment. or identification of binds SoG. Should contain a penny stamp for reply. ma All applications for Show Meédals, aid other carréspondeirce - ce iu relation to Shows, should be sent to S./M. TOWNSEND, a Suite: aie Street, Fulhaim;-S. We Si An Tlustration Band is Kept open for the purpose of. pe pat ere ao the nupiber of plates other ‘than the’regular income of the Cinb ~~ provides for. The smallest donation will be ee received for this object by the Hon. *Treasurer, te Members or Associates not receiving ited mhagizines Yegular iG ers should notify the Hou. Editorial, Secretary. yee ms All orders for back numbers or extra copies of ‘ Bird Noles; < and a2 “trade advertisements, sliould- be sent-to the “Publishers, We Re Ree ee Mour/ron.& Co., 4, Church Street, Brighton. vss TROWER & ong WHOLESALE SEED MERCHANTS pe AND. “BIRD FOOD SPECIALISTS, ae 442, CALEDONIAN ROAD, LONDON, hogs “EXTRA LARGE SPANISH CANARY SEED. CHOICE GERMAN SUMMER RAPE SEED. _. AND ALL KINDS OF eee FINEST SELECTED SEEDS for SHOW BIRDS BRITISH, FOREIGN 4np CANARIES, &s supplied by us te the leading Fanciers’ and Exhibitors at the Bisstat i : fron Palace and other Shows, “= “PRICE LIST, SAMPLES FREE. oe ind NR A Large Stock kept of Mealwormis, Aunts’ Eggs, Dried Flies, welt and a Choice election of all kinds of Food. for es Iusectivorous Birds. When corresponding with a dcortteore eens sont ‘ Bird Notes. fa ee sa === You like=—= HY DE’S | Bird Seeds ek you tried their eae Ask your ak Order them eA “Dog. at your oS about them. ig Stores. HYDE’ S sig ViTAZ st. ‘POULTRY FOOD AND SPICE. Chaeaiuatie: for Hens in aoe or Datip Weather: SOLD @ vervwanee ee ee: | PACKETS. WHOLESALE oF . mR. HYDE Se Co., Ltda, SPECIALISTS, VABEERIVELT S.E The oudt vious pou which thee will be made by: Mr. Hy. GRAY, ah f M.R.C V.S., 23, Upper Phillittore Place, Kensington, W,,-are as aha ge a) The birds inust be sent IMMEDIATELY after death. be chan 7 (2) Taey must be packed in a box. OS) ag EASY a gr (3) Lhe letter accompanying them meeest 2 NOt’. be placed th the box along : with the birds ~ oo sa (N.B. Unless the above: Souci ous are gomplied with, the «package will be.destroyed without exainination),° (4) “The letter innst detail as far as 5, possible all particulars as to! (a) “date of death, —~. fo eae eae (6) length of illness, — pct aa oS is (c) syimptoins of illness, fine “ RRs soe TY bs ({d) Jodgnient and feeding of birds, rr BERD TE ees | aioe (é) especially as to whether egg food or inga seed: yaa Beek ivan’: Mes (5) The work will be done: gratuitously, and a report published i in “Bird Notes,» but ugder no circumstances whatever will a report be sent tee post unless & fee of 2/6 accompanies the letler. and bird. Pressure it wotk compels Mr. Gray to make this an. invariable rule, and it: applies to all iuenibers wiccnee yee are epee uery acqnapiied: with - him. or Bee ; : uv y BOUND. VOLUMES OF “BIRD NOTES.” Vatu I. is out. of print. ‘ehen seis Of Volume II. there remain. ouly ae cw: copies, : to Members aud Associates Pirly tia We potas to. others Beats Aiea ane ona Volumes LIL. IV. & V. with jek coset plates eS to Menrbers and Associates Sy COCs to others Ai ur ROME Lee aR eT lees ee Voinnie VI. & VI. with: hand-colouved pia nds A eee to Members aud Associates each Tee a to others cae is To poe = oe ne ye se orice 1/3 each post ‘free. he 2 Application f for’ Bound Volumes ‘and eases mist te aad. to the : : wan Sa Publisers.. ~~. cae eons Cases ti binding Vol. VII. now ready, to be obtained of the. 3 Publishers. “the Publishers will be pleased to bind ‘member's ipopias at. hig ma th each Berar e: RONOE ‘cit return. di te? a ate peek r PUBLISHED ABOUT THE 16th. OF EACH - MONTH LI, RIGHTS RESERVED. - é Price Monthly, 19. 6d. — Members Annual Subscription: 10s. Od. _Birp NOTES: “THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. BDITED BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F,Z.S: Mel. Vi. No.3. = MAY, 1909. CONTENTS, 2 Leclancher or r Rainbow intine US Sa baioubed plate) 3 Ber Fe WESLEY T.. PAGE, F.Z.S,: ; Birds of India (a lecture) eae 4 =a D. Dewar, L.CS. ; WHSLRE Pah F.Z.S. ae AND Ruvinws. — - A Group of: Interesting. Acquisitions ; — Nesting Notes ; ¥ _ Errata. we ee: Brnp Monin! FROM FAR AND NEAR: A: Southern Californian Aviary. z a Se -> BRIGHTON? "> Printed and Published by W. T. MOULTON & Co,, 4, Ohursh Street, MEMORANDA FOR ‘MEMBERS. All wabact pends should be sent ko tees Hon. Misaue TINNISWOOD MILLER, 27, Belgrave Road, London, SW. nt All dead birds for post-mortem examinations should. pesentto H. Gray, M.R.C.V.S5 23, Upper Phillimore Place, London, W. | ES All MSS. for publication in ‘‘ Bird Notes,”:and Books for review, . proposals of new members aud associates, notices of change of © address, aud advertisements for “The Bird Market” sliould be sent ~ to the Hon. Evior,; 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, WW, All queries as to the treatinent of Parrots aud Parrakeets should: a be sent'to H. IT. ’f. Camps Linden House, Haddetham, Isle of Hly. All queries as to the treatment of isfsectivorous and fruit-eating : e birds should be sent to RusseLL HUMPHRYS,’ Sonik berg pRiekiey,) EF Keuit: All queries as to the treatinentof small seed: cutie birds ‘should = iS be sent to H. R. Fin_MER, 52, Ship Street, Brighton: »*y: Any letlers about the treatnent or identification. of ae should contain a penny stamp for reply. rie All applications for Show Medals, and ether cortespondence Ps in relation to Shows, should be sent to >) M. Saas ae 25 dies eas Street, Fulham, $.W. eis eas An Tilustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of. isarenaGe Nos the number of plates other than the regithar income of the Club > © provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully secetven ror. fig this object by the: Hon. Treasurer. ; : 4 Meurhbers or Associates not receiving their magazines ceyullaily ie should notify thie: lions Editorial Secretary. 3 All orders for back tumibers.or-extra copies of * “é Bird Notes, rs aug £5 : trade advertisements, should be sent- to the LEDS Cra W. Mourron & Co.; 4, Church Street, telat LNG Poe. TROWER & oo WHOLESALE SEED. MERCHANT on) AND - BIRD FOOD. SPECIALISTS, ae 442, CALEDONIAN ROAD, LONDON, NS _ EXTRA “LARGE SPANISH CANARY. SEED. eS CHOICE GERMAN SUMMER RAPE SEED~ AND ALL KINDS. OF FINEST SELECTED SEEDS. for SHOW BIRDS BRITISH, . FOREIGN,’ aNd |CANARIES. As supplied by us to the leading. Fanciers and Exhibitors at the Crystal aa Palace and other Shows. © PRICE LIST, SAMPLES FREE, : A Large Stock kept of Mealworms, Auts’ Eggs, Dried oe: 2) aud a Clioice election of all kids of Food for = | we a Iusectivorous Birds... (9 9 4: When corresponding with advertisers please mention “Bird Notes.’ bes mae ey 3 hike HYDE’S ede Seeds » Have you tried. their Ask your Order them Dog's ; at your about them. Stores. HYDE’ S. 6 VITAZ “ POULTRY FOOD AND SPICE. Be ‘Invaluable for Hens in noe Cold or cpa ee sop EVERYWHERE See IN sg PACKETS. - WHOLESALE. OF. : : Zs Rm. HYDE & Go., ‘Lta, _ SPECIALISTS, CAMBERWELL S.E ee ie ein ade: with advertisers please mention “Bird Notes’! POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS. — oe The cohiditions upon Sehich these will be ane oy Mr. Hy, meres M.R.C V.S., 23, Upper Phillimore Place, Kensington, W., are as ons: ti (1) The birds must be sent IMMEDIATELY aged death. (2). Taney stst be packed in a box. (3) Zhe letter accompanying them sts 2 Not b¢ placed in the box along a with the bird: (N.B. Unless the above conditions are complied. with the package will be destroyed without. examitation), R (4) The letter must detail @s far as pais all particulars asto. (a) date of death, - : ate (6) length of illness, (c). symptoms of illness, (d) lodgment and feeding of birds, and : ASO (e). especially as to whether egg food or inga ‘seed thas ate piven: fe ~Hp oe (5) ‘Lhe work will be doue gratuitously, and a report published i in “Bird cs Notes,” but under no circumstances whatever will a report be sent by ee? post uniess a fee of 2/6 accompanies the letter and bird. Pressure of work compels Mr. Gray to make this an invariable rule, and it = applies to all members whether ihe are personally. acquainted ity | = hint or not. BOUND VOLUMES. OF “BIRD NOTES.” Volume FI. -is out of print. , Of Volume IL there remain only a few copies, — SUSE cae oe to Members and Associates - = -) + 10j- to. others: ene 7a EE - 12/6 Volumes TIT. IV. & V. with and colabtal plates i = to Members and Associates each 10/6 toothers ~—- - =e egy 8 TSleer Volume VI. & VII. with hand-coloured plates : ee Cg Nahe as to Members and Associates each 15/- | ge to others: =. Geos ie eg) aOf= : Cases for binding Vols. 1., {1., IIl., IV.j V., VI. atid VIL, ey be: ar had, price 1/3 each post free, Application for Bound Volumes and cases must be made to the All MSS. for publication in “Bird Notes,” and Books for review, eS proposals .of: new imetibers and associates, notices of change of - address, aud advertisements for." The Bird Market” should ‘be sent to. the Hon. Epiror, 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, WwW... a; All queries as to the treatment of Parrots and Parrakeets ‘should — be sent to H. T.'T, Camps, Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of. Ely. © All-queries as to the treatinent of insectivorous and frait-esling birds should be sent to RUSSELL HUMPHRYS,. ‘Southboro’,’ Bickley, Kent: es All queries as to the Srestineit of sunall seen! -~eatiug ] birds should “be sent to H. R. FILLMER, 52, Ship Street, Brighton. » Any letters about the treatment’ or idenbifrcation of birds should contain a penny. stamp for reply. All applications for Show Medals, and other correspondence _ in relation to Shows; -should be seut: to Ss: M. TOwneR Tec % Srdft Street, ‘Fulham; S.W. An I)lustration Fund is s kept opel fot the purpose of ireniwie! the nuuber of plates otler-than™ the regular income of the Club =~ provides for. The- smallest douation will be dae ison received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Bas CE Sa Members or Associates ot receiving, their magaziites regalatly should notify the Hon. Editorial Secretary. All orders for back nuutbers or extra copies of “Bird Notes,” pong : trade - advertisements, should- be sent to tlie as es Wd: ig Mouton & Co., 4, Churelr Street, Brighton. : SARC AEE ie pee TROWER & CH @ WHOLESALE SEED MERCHANTS 4ND BIRD FOOD SPECIALISTS, 442, CALEDONIAN ROAD, LONDON, Ne EXTRA. LARGE. SPANISH ‘CANARY “SEED. ee CHOICE .GERMAN - SUMMER RAPE. SHED AND ALL KINDS OF © FINEST: SELECTED. SEEDS for. SHOW. BIRDS. BRITISH, FOREIGN. anp. CANARTES. | Ke supplied by us to the 1éading Faneiers and Exhibitors at the Crystal’ = = e ~! Palace and other Shows. PRICE “List. SAMPLES FREE, A Large Stock kept of Mealworms, Auts’ Huh: Dried Flies, s ‘and a Choice sélection of all kinds of Food for’ a a i Iusectivorous Birds. PIG het ase ie oe When corresponding with advertisers please iikhicn “Bird Notes." het Fs Nan oo sol tf ph eee HYDE’s Bird Seeds i Xe = =——— Have you tried their | - Dog and Puppy Cakes ? ask a i : Order them ee | Dog | ; at your eZ about. them. Stores. “HYDE'S s VITAZ 2 POULTRY FOOD AND SPICE. = 3 Anvaluable for Hens in se Cold or Damp Weather. SOLD ~ EVERYWHERE ee SIN ‘> PACKETS. < HYDE & ‘Co, Ltda, ‘ "SPECIALISTS, CAMBERWELL SE ~ POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS. - The Soiiditions upon wen. these will be anade by. ‘Mr. Aye Guin. ESS M.R.C V.S., 23, Upper Phillimore Place, Kensington, W., are as seh, (1) The birds nist be sent IMMEDIATELY | uit Gea eee (2). ‘Taey must be packed iu “a box. ig 2 eo eee e (3) The letler accompanying them must Now be Placed 3 in the bax along. 21th the bird. : : (N.B, Unless the above apudituione are. coiled. with, he package will be destroyed without examination), ; (4) “The letter must. detail as far as possible aly particulars a as = to (a) date of death, ~ * 3 (6) lJength of illness, ; (c) syuiptoms of illness,) sec ‘(d) lodgment and feeding of birds, and Res Sa aa (2). especiallyas to whether egg food: or inga seed has: plies nen (§) ‘The work will be done gratuitously, and a report published in “ Bird Ba be. “Notes,” but ander no circumstances whatever wilka report be sent ieee post unless a fee of 2/6 accompanies the letter and bird: Pressure 3 gts work compels Mr. Gray to make this au invariable rule, ‘and. ees applies to all menibers whether they are pevanelly pees with a him ‘or ‘not. se ee. ies ig eas eae fsck inrrepa : s ‘BOUND VOLUMES OF “BIRD. NOTES.” ~ Voluute i, is out-of print, Of Volume II, there remain only a ee copies, age to Menibers and Associates - _: oh me “1c to others. >- tra ig tis S98 eke ee, Volumes III. IW. & Vv. with. Kipiacieieed plates’ sete Pe to Meinbers and Associates Re “each SOjf6 = > :%% $08 to others ys tise ee ae ue eae an) a a: VI. & VIL. with hand-coloured plates — ty * to Members aid Associates. each 2 apie Age to others Sie sis Sh Si ~ 20) =? Cases for binding ‘Vols: I., IL; Ill, TNG VI. valid vu, may be had,’ price 1/3 each ‘post free. eet a a Application for popee Volumes and cases inust We. made to othe j Publishers. ee oot = dine Cases for binding Vol. ‘Vil. now ready, to be obtained ot the + _ Publishers. - a = rR, = PUBLISHED ABOUT THE 46th OF EACH MONTH > . a RS "ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Price Monthly, 1s- 6d. 2 Members Annual Subscription: 10s Od. BirD NOTES; us ‘SHE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. ; EDITED BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S; 1909. _ “Wet. vin, ‘No. 5. JULY, caeverst Se .» H.- WILLFORD. .< Iie S Tee .. J. EB. BRoox. 5 Re BIS ..E. 0. Hopkinson, D.S.O., ete. = Nating of Blackeaps and Snow Bunting... EOFs »» -R. Sueerrr. _ Book Noricxs AND REVIEWS. are 2 they-safe for Nestlings ? The successful | itasiag - Insectivorous Species tu Captivity; Nesting Notes ; _ Zoo Notes; Marking Migrating Birds: The Gita Zoo; Isle. of z " aorek my Disease.” MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. = All- subscriptions shotld -be- sent to the Hous Treasures, TINNISWOOD MILLER, 27, Belgrave Road, london, S.W. = All dead birds for post mortem -exaniinations should. be sent to. : H. Gray, M.R.C.V.S., 23, Upper Philliniore Place; London, W.. All MSS. for publication in “ Bird Notes,’’ and Books for review, eee proposals of new metnbers and associates, notices of change of address, aud advertisements for ‘The Bird Market” sould be sent ey e to the Hon. Eprror, 6, Rylett Crescent, Sheplierd’s Bush, London, W é All queries as to the treatment of Parrots and Parrakeets ghéuid pe be sent to H. I. ‘r; Camps, Linden Honse, Haddenhaui, Isle of Ely. oie i All queriés-as to the treatitent of insectivorous and fryit-eating: birds should be sent to Russe. HumPurys, Southboro’,, Bickley,. 2 Kent... Ra? All-queries as to the treatinent of surall seed- -eatiig birds: should 4 - be sent to H. R. FILiMER, 52, Ship Street, Brighton: »*» Any letlers about the treatment or identification + birds. “as should contain a penny stamp for reply: 5 ig All applications for Slow Medals, aid other Spiternondean in relation -to Sliows,- should be sent ‘to: S. M. TOWNIEN®, 3S Swift t Street, Fulham, $.W. An Illustration Fund is‘kept: open fot the purpose of i increasing ocd the number of plates other than the regular income of the Clb ~ provides for, The smallest donation will be ‘Han kingy received: Led : this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Members or Associates. uot receiving tieir bb oS ‘regulatly. z should notify the Hou. Editorial Secretary. All orders for back numbers or extra copies of “ ‘Ried Notes, rs apd ; trade advertisements, should be «sent ‘to the Puplsliersy We: Moour/ron & Co.,:4, Church Street, Brighton. eae T BOWER. & 0. . WHOLESALE SEED MERCHANTS: ay AND BIRD FOOD SPECIALISTS, 442, CALEDONIAN ROAD, LONDON, nN EXTRA LARGE SPANISH CANARY SEED. - CHOICE GERMAN SUMMER RAPE SEED — -AND ALL KINDS OF - 3 FINEST SELECTED SEEDS for SHOW BIRDS BRITISH, FOREIGN Anp_ CANARIES.. As supplied by us to the leading’ Fanoiers -and exktblioce atthe Crystal Palace and other Shows. PRICE LIST... SAMPLES FREE. A Large Stock kept of Mealwortus, Ants’ Eggs, Dried ices and a | Choice selection of all kinds. of Food for 2, sls vy } Tusectivorous Birds. ee eee eA When corresponding with advertisers x a 23) mention ‘Bird Notes! eee Sake liike—— HYDE’s Bird Seeds Have you tried their Order them at your Stores. z BS ihisbis! for rere in bald. or pase Weather. x aD, j EVERYWHERE TEF —q{ ‘IN Y SPI CE..§ ne POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS. The conditions upon which these will be made by Mr. Hy. GRAY, - M.R.C V.S., 23, Upper Phillimore Place, Kensington, W., are as. se at 2 $3 (1). The birds must be sent’ IMMEDIATELY after. death, ‘ : (2) Tney must be packed in a box. Tyce . (3) The letter accompanying them must NOY be placed 5 im the box along a with the bird. (N.B. Unless the above couditidis are sda with vate package oh will be destroyed without examination), ; (4). The letter must detail as far as possible all particulars: as’ to ie (a) date of death,’ eT (6) length of illness, (c) “syniptonis of illness, (d)- lodgment and feeding of birds, and . (e) especially as to whetlier egg food or inga seed has heen ‘eves re (g) The work will. be done gratuitously, and a report published in “ Bird 8 Notes; but under no circumstances whatever will a report be sent by vn posi.sunless a fee of 2/6 accompanies the letter and bird, Pressure of ~ work compels Mr. Gray to make this an invariable rule, aud it- >. applies to all members whether Sea! are eperanally senate with Bs hii. or not, y fs Volume I. is out of print. ; See OF Volume HI, there reinain only a few copies, rene ‘to Members and Associates -. 9 -| +.) Toj- to others - : < - >: . 12/6 sh Volumes III, IV. & V. with hand-coloured plates Lae eee to Members aud Associates ~eanh: 40/6, © Sect, % to others 9 ra my Saks pi ms tyr Se ce a ee Volume VI. & VII. with hand-coloured plates OEE to Members and Associates ; each Be to others sie eS ie oh Hy a ASS Sy RieOpe ees “Cases for binding Vols. I., its IIT, IV., V., VI. and. vit. may he. ‘had; price 1/3. each post free. Application for Bound Voltiines and Cases must: ‘be made to the a eRe, Publishers. ree fi Cases for binding Vol. VII. now ready, to ‘be obtained ofthe — ss Publishers. ‘ The Publishers will be pleased to bind member's copies at : ae ; ee 2/9 each pcre aye Cover at return. LPOPAES, er AE SESE PUBLISHED ABOUT THE 15th OF EACH MONTH. ‘RIGHTS RESERVED. Rte as ; Price Pahokehin. 1e- ea. Members Annual Subsoription 10s. Od. % EDITED. BY _Wes.ey T. PAGE, F.Z.S, > AUGUST, 1909. — x es hits sehr iL WILLFORD. sei Sy . 0. HOPKINSON, D.S.O., ete. Piatt CIS. ECTS, WAR A Cio Re aS ‘Noricxs AND: Reviews. DITORIAL : SF he: Nesting of Cock witeel Duele: Mihg Notes; 7: he -Preser vation. ofRare Species of Birds ; i Mexican Quail ; Zoo Notes ;: Bi a's ees: Shining Flycatcher (with plate). Great ‘Bay: Shrike in Caphvity, FE. Hows ; Hand-rearing Fily- catchers and Blackcaps, Mrs. EB. WaRREN VeRNoN; Hand-rearing — Says ie oe) i Winurorp. BOOT eon Waco )ENCE : Birds of Paradise = a eee a ee H.. APES et Nesting of Magpie Tanager ; Wik Unigué Consignment °° The Friar’ = i The Bullfinch (with plate), Wusiuv ‘Y. Pace; The MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. - All. subscriptions should “be sent. to nes Hori, ‘Treasurer, TINNISWOOD MILLER, 27, Belgrave Road, London, S.W. - All dead birds for post mortem examinations should be sent to H: Gray, M.R.C.V.S., 23, Upper Phillimore Place, London, WwW. ; All MSS-for publication in “ Bird Notes,” and Booksforreview, proposals of new mentbers and associates, notices of change of address, and advertisements for “The Bird Market” should be sent to the Hon. Epiror, 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush;London, W- All queries as to the treatment of Parrots and Parrakeets should — # be sent to H.. Ff. 1. Camps, Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Kly fe All queries as to the treatment of insectivorous and fruit-eating pe should be sent to Russ#1.1, HOMPHRYS, Southboro’, Bickley, ent, op All queries asto the treatnient of small seed- -eating birds should be sent to: H. Re Fi,.MER, §2, Ship Street, Brighton. a» Any letters about the treatment or. identification of birds a should contain a penny slamp for reply. x All applications for Show. Medals, atid other per apegdcnce a in relation to Shows, shonld be sent to Ss. bs “TOWNSEND, 3: ‘Swift Street; Fulhan, S.W: i aes An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates other than. the regular, imcome of the Club- provides for. the sinallest donation will be thank fully received for this object. by the Hon. Treasurer, Members or Associates not receiving their magazines regularly. £ should notify the Hon. Editorial Secretary. E All orders fot back numbers or extra copies of ‘Bird Notes,” and trade advertisements, -should be sent. to the Publishers, Ww. ”. x MouLTONn & Co., 4, Church Street, ‘Brighton: . SEI BLASS. NE NIE BE EI, TROWER & CO. WHOLESALE: SEED ieee oni i “AND BIRD FOOD SPECIALISTS, pe 442, CALEDONIAN ROAD, LONDON, Ne EXTRA LARGE SPANISH CANARY SEED. A: CHOICE GERMAN SUMMER “RAPE SEED AND. ALI, KINDS OF’ RGEC, FINEST SELECTED SEEDS for SHOW BIRDS sea BRITISH, FORKIGN ‘aND CANARIES, ~ Be reat Aes supplied by us to the leading Fanciers and Exhibitors at the Crystal Pee Patace and other Shows. PRICE. LIST. SAMPLES FREE. A Large Stock kept. of Mealwortits, Auts’-Eggs, Dried Flies, _ =< i and a Choice selectiot of all kinds of Food for Fei 5 Iusectivorous Birds. ; pte Hee hos ts When corresponding with advertisers please mention “Bird Notes.” . a WYDE’S Bird Seeds See “Have you tried their Dog and g epey Cakes? Order them . Dog at your bs ‘about them. ~~ Stores. a: es t 5 ha2.> ) Pa iy Pes “ ara ~. Invaluable tor teh in. Cold or Damp Weather: — ‘HYDE & Co., Lta., a SPECIALISTS, CAMBERWELL S.E Vhen corresponding with advertisers please mention “Bird Notes” an Y ree Sparrow S| me Gietsiods 82 Fe Nesting x io aie 6 eda sie busta’. W. T. Pack, F.Z. S:, eters oe aay sith PUBLISHED» ABOUT THE 45th OF EACH uGhts BOITED: BY. ‘WESLEY vi PAGE, F.Z.S; SEPTEMBER, 1909. ; : oO. MiLtsom. =e 0. HopKInson, D.8.0., ete, Pe Ewe .s Miss C. Rosa LivtyR. ee Fe a Miss M. OF Baker. lates W. Be ~ascinRaTARE RE, B, AL - BYE, Sage G et Baas Vv. ‘Jounson. eS Be, cro. Ses. ~~ birds should be sent ‘to RUSSELL STUMPHIESE, Sonthboro’ ae Bickley ALL srtecr pio anéutd “be gent: to the. “Ho d TINNISWOOD MILLER, 27, Belgrave Road, ‘London, S/W. é All dead birds for post mortem exaniinations should be. sent ~ H. GRAY, ‘M.R.CV:S., 23, Upper: Phillimore. Place, london, W. All MSS. for publication in “ Bird Notes,” and Books for review, proposals of new members and associates, - notices of change of. address, aud advertisements for “The Bird-Market”? should be sent to the Hon. EDLror, 6, Rylett Crescent, Sllepherd’s Bush ,Londou, We All queries as'to the treatment of Parrots and PatrakeetS should be sent to-H:L.4 -Cames Linden House, Haddenham, Isle’ of Ely: All queries as to the treatineiit Of insectivorous aud fruit-eating Keut: All quéries as to the treatment of small sced-eatinig birds should be sent to H.R, FIniMER, 52, Ship Street, Brighton.~ = «*, Any letlers ahout the treatment or identification Gh bore nt should contain a penny slanip Sor reply. Ss All applications for Show Medals, and other earceeande e in relation to’Shows, sliould be seut to. Ss. MM: page 3 3 Swift Street, Fulham, S.W. ¢ “An Ilustration Fund is kept open for the purpose a fects g the nuiiber of plates other tham, the regular ticoine of the Cab — “provides for. Tlie sinallest-donatiow will be wane received IE this object bythe How. Treasurer.) —=-~ = ey . Meuibers or Associates uot receiving: iste: magazities. rey should notify the Hon. Editorial Secretary. = : = AH orders for back s1umibers or-extra copies of “ Bird Notes” % and - trade -advertisements, “should- be sent to the Pee oe: W Mourton & Co., 4, Church Street, ee haa big ae "WHOLESALE SEED NBRSH ANTS! AND _- BIRD FOOD. SPECIALISTS, | ws 442, CALEDONIAN | ROAD, LONDON, Ne EXTRA LARGE “SPANISH “CANARY SEED. = CHOICE GERMAN SUMMER | RAE EE SEED AND ALI, KINDS.OF ~ FINES’ r SELECTED: SEEDS for: SHOW BIRDS BRITISH, FOREIGN anv. CANARIES: a - 4s supplied by us to the leading Fanciers © and Exhibitors: at the ae Palace and other Shows, ss PRICE: -LIST, ee SAMPLES FREE, 2 See _A Tatge Stock kept of Mealworuts, Ants’ Eggs, Dried Flies, and a Choice selection of all kinds of Food for Tusectivorous Birds. ——-You oy es HYDE’S j Bis | Seeds Have ‘you tried their Order them — at your — Stores. ae? las titi tor’ en in Es Cold or ay Weather. ‘SOLD. § EVERYWHERE IN. ue Att sonore Price Monthly, te: 6d. “iS a "Members Annual ‘Subsoription ‘108. Od. eee, THE JOURNAL, oF cg eS THE FOREIGN | BIRD CLUBL- = 5 8 a “epITeD 1 BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.8. 1. ls bade oe = ee 3 - OCTOBER, 1909. Swarrin Gooprernow. f “Gambia (with plate)’ Pee Q. Hopxinson, D.S.O., ete. e cake me a8 ‘The Hon. and Rev, CANON Durron. © ae Birds in dd about the Station (Bakiohy eos G: A. PHRREAU, F.Z.S. aS ir 1s of. India (a lecture concluded) +. Di DEWAR, LCs. xs ay ry . Notes fe sid istotss @ zi oe Bis Rev. J. M, PATERSON. a Isle of Wight (Ht. “Geopeet.0); ; clad ceil rearing of young by ‘uni ated hees: (SV, Py 3 % “- MEMORANDA FOR - _MEMBERS. All subscriptions’ should’ be - sent to the Hon. Treasurer, TINNISWOOD MILLER, 27, Belgrave Road, London, S.W. =~ : All dead birds for post morien examinations should “be ‘sent te : H. Gray, M.R.C.V.S., 23, Upper Phillimore Place, London, W.. ~ All MSS. for publication in ‘ Bird Notes,’ and Books for review, i proposals of new menibers and associates, notices of change of .- address, aid advertisements for-“‘The Bird Market” should be sent © to the Hon. Eprror, 6, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, London, WR os All queries as to the treatnrent of Parrots and Parrakeets'shonld be sent to H..1. Sf. Camps ‘Linden House, Haddeuhait, Isle ‘of Hy. ee.” All queries as to the treatnient of insectivorous aud fruit-eating on should. be sent to RusskELt, HUMPHRYS, Southboro’, Bickley, Sees ent. pes a All queties as to-the treatment of stall seed-éating birds should be sent to H.R. Fu, LMER, 52, Ship Street, Brighton. : : o*s Any lellers about the treatment or tema of birds : se should contain a penny stamp for reply. All applications’ for Show Medals; aud other, correspondence ae in relation. to Shows, should be sent to S. M. TOWNSEND; 3 Swift” ore Street, Fulham, S.W. An Illustration Fund is. kept open for the purpose of iadesdatnal © the number. of plates otlrer than the regular-income of the Club provides for: The smiallest donation will. be fipnietaly received’ fors* 5 3 this object by the Hou. Treasurer,” Meiibers.or Associates not receiving Lae DSErTHies -segihatiy ee should notify the lion: Editorial Secretary. » -Alborders for back numbers or extra copies of “Bird Notew Hs and trade advertisements, should be sent. to the Fee yeaah Cy We Mouton & Co.; 4, Church Street, Boe ; TROWERB & 0. WHOLESALE” SHED MERCHANTS | “AND BIRD FOOD SPECIALISTS, 442, CALEDONIAN ROAD, LONDON, Ne EXTRA LARGE SPANISH CANARY. SEED. | CHOICE GERMAN SUMMER RAPE SEED ‘ AND ALL KINDS OF FINEST SELECTED SEEDS for SHOW BIRDS BRITISH, FOREIGN: .aAND CANARIES. As supplied by us to the leading Fanciers and Exhibitors at the Crystal Palace and other Shows: PRICE “LIST, SAMPLES | FREES: £ A Large Stock kept of Mealworms, Ants’ Eggs, Dried Flies, : and a Choice selectiou of all kinds: of Food age 9 3 Tusectivorons Birds. ; ; When corresponding with advertisers please mention “Bird Notes." a HYDE’S ‘Bird Seeds “Have you tried. their eS ‘Dog and Puppy Cakes? E “Ask your Order them oe eae : at your” Stores: “about them. Anvaluatile for Hens” in . Cold or Damp Weather. SOLD 4%] EVERYWHERE py IN ( aueres pa oR. (HYDE & Co. Lta, satniiden sees SPECIALISTS, CAMBERWELL S.E_ fone corresponding with advertisers please mention “Bird Notes" - Price Monthly, 1s: 6a. Pak “Members Annual ‘Subscription : 10s. Od. a eers oe THE JOURNAL, ie THE: FOREIGN — BIRD CLUB. ‘EDITED. BY WESLEY oT rt F.Z.S, oy "hrs “NOVEMBER, 1909. - : Neo, 9r>> CONTENTS. — casted Mini pees (with coloured plate) ~ W..B, Pacer, F. ZS. Soe conte eae: Gites aC H: Donat, Pe: howe Martutass. = BaD ne WD spy wires Eptvontan > a Yaans. Griotié bes A. Persislent Robrn € hg - ited Whydahs ; Hybrids ; Crushed Hopes. is , ; oe A Fertile qt; ~ "Nesting of Black Lore: “BRIGHTON eee, ye e me es : yw T. MOULTON: & Co., 4 Ohuroh Street. "MEMORANDA. FOR ‘MEMBERS. All subscriptions should: be ‘sent to the Hon. ‘Treasurer, TINNISWOOD MILLER; 27, Belgrave ‘Road; Tondo, $:W. : All dead birds for post mortem examinations should be ae to. H. Gray, M.R.C.V-S., 23, Upper Phillimore Place, London, W. — All MSS. for publication i in “Bird Notes,” and Books iomnctaases proposals of new members and associates, notices of change of — address, and. advertisenients: for “The Bird Market ” should be sent to the Hon. Eptror, 6, Rylett Crescent; Shepherd’s Bush;Loudon, WwW. All queries as to the treaturent of Parrots and Parrakeets should be sent to H. fT. 1. Camps Liuden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely. - All queries as to the treatment of iusectivorous aud fruit-eating pete should be sent to Russe, Humpurys, Southboro’, Bickley, ent. peers All queries as to the treatment of sniall seed- cating birds should be sent to H.R, FILLM#ER; §2, Ship Street, Brighton. »*» Any letters about the treatment or identification o birds. should contain a penny stamp for reply. : All applications for Show Medals, aud other cap cpoeneaes in relation to Shows, should be sent to S. Mu TOWNSEND, REY. Speke Street, Fulhain, S.W. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates other than the regular income of the Club - provides for. The siallest donation will be ium srd received. OAS this object by the Hon. Treasurer, Members: or Associates not receiving their magazines. regularly. should nofify the Hou, Editorial Secretary. All orders for backwumrbers or extra copies of “Bird Notes,” Mee , trade advertisements, should- be sent to the Publishers, wW.Y. Movur‘on & Co, 4, Chureh Street, Brighton. see TROWER & CO. WHOLESALE SEED MERCHANTS x AND BIRD FOOD SPECIALISTS, 442, CALEDONIAN ROAD, _ LONDGN, ree EXTRA LARGE SPANISH CANARY SEED. CHOICE GERMAN SUMMER RAPE SEED AND ALL, KINDS OF FINES T SELECTED SEEDS. for SHOW. BIRDS BRITISH, FOREIGN. axp CANAKIES. As supplied by us to the leading Fanciers and Exhibitors at the Crystal Palace and other Shows. PRICE LIST. SAMPLES FREE. iP A Large Stock kept of Mealworus, Ants’ Eggs, Dried Flies, : ae aud a Choice selection of all kinds of Food for Insectivotous Birds. When corresponding with advertisers please mention “Bird Notes. sy rey Seven Hig HBYDE’S 5 Bird said - ses you tried their Ee .. 4 Ask your . Order them. Dog. at your : about them. Stores. —onype’s “-vrraz” ne, FOOD AND SPICE. } = SOLD : ' EVERYWHERE : IN PAOKETS. _ WHOLESALE OF - R. HYDE & Co, Lta, SPECIALISTS, CAMBERWELL S.E é tes "When corsespondiog with advertisers please mention.‘ ‘Bird Notes” te PUBLISHED ABOUT THE 18th OF EACH MONTH Ny % nr a cS ee awe ; 4 3 ALL, RIGHTS RESERVED. Price of this issue is 2s. 6d. : : : BIRD NOTES: : THE JOURNAL OF . THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. “EDITED BY WESLEY T. PAGS, F.Z.S. Vet. Vin. No. 105 “3° : a DECEMBER, 1909. CONTENTS. +e G B. A. Show—Foreign Section (with platesy .. WT: PAGE, F.Z.S, British Section .. a “H. GoopcuinD, M.B.O.U. “Birds in and about the Slation (Bakloh) —.. © Capt. Gs A. PERREAU, F.Z:S. ; Nesting of the Black Lory (with Bete) a ve .. HE. J. Broox. © Diseases of Birds. aes os rah ... H. Gray, MCR.C.V.S. é Birds of Gambia. +? ae ..—. QO. Hopkinson, D.S.0., ete. % ‘BRITISH Brrps: The Wryneck (F. Howe). : : ; / CORRESPONDENCE : Hermaphrodite Bulbul ; Falcons and Hevons. -Brirp. Nores FROM FAR AND NEAR: The Birds of Two. Countries. ; “Monrr’s ARRIVALS. to: ‘Post Monta REPORTS. - ey : BRIGHTON ) 2 &_-Printed and Published by W. T. MOULTON & Co., 4, Ghureh Street. ud ue He af Pi Pia ye en { Pale by tl 100217444 |