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Win tA

Copyright ~- 1920
by
Edwin H. Reiber

INTO BE ORO RT BS

BIRDS

e

——

*

IN

MY GRANDMOTHER'S GARDE
BY
BIRD MAN

The

ee SSE a a e Srp 5 ee

rit § Phd
wr ios ti Poy

MY) i Uh

TO MY GRANDMOTHER

I dedicate this book to you, be-
cause it was you who asked me
to write it for all lovers of gar-

dens, on that golden summer day
when you last walked amid the
fragrant flowers and listened to

the carols of the birds you loved.

iy .
=< SH 2
LIEN TA Slat ITOTUCAL EY Ct Lh DSc LLG TET LGU SA COLGATE TEAR

4 (GSS

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OTT TO

ay

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7 LET SL HUT

(WEY prT 3 My MOP eV ct WO VR pee MOIR.

nn

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Ti eliza

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ME

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oes
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aT ee
(aeor sole esate hee Y
inate! TES

Even the shyest of garden birds were
never disturbed by Grandmother's

presence.

Boho Ss AVN DD BE RRL E's
IN
MY GRANDMOTHER'S GARDEN

\ ORTHY, indeed, is the garden that is planted, not for
1 beauty alone, but for the welfare of Nature's children
} as well. Such a one brings greater pleasure to him who
ay gives and a goodly measure of comfort and enjoyment to
those exquisite, feathered creatures of the air - the
birds - that take. It throbs with joyous life and color and
rare music from scores of tiny throats when bright ber-
ried shrubs and simple flowers and the birds that love
them live within it. One who loves the flowers is sure to
love the birds, for are not they and the butterflies and
honeybees and the sunshine generally assembled together
in his mind when he dreams of the perfect garden?
Only one such garden have I ever seen; it lay on
the small plot of ground that surrounded my grandmoth-~

ers cottage. Remembering it as I first saw it, shining

in the early June sunlight, every leaf and bud a~sparkle,
warblers flitting about, robins scurrying over the grass,
and the sweet call of the oriole floating from the old
elm, | think it was the happiest conception of bird gar-~-
den possible. Surely beauty had not been sacrificed in
planning this refuge for the birds; indeed, it was quite the
quaintest and lovliest of gardens!

Only fleeting glimpses of its simple charm could be
had from the highway, for great clumps of bush honey-
suckle and red-twigged dogwood screened it from veiw,
giving it an atmosphere of intimate exclusiveness that was
most delightful. ' Roses and gilliflowers made the air as
sweet as the winds of Arabia; they grew profusely as did

Page Two

BIRDS &

all of Grandmother's flowers, and made the garden a pict=
uresque spot in J une. Dainty wallflowers clung to the
stone wall that marked the east side, while stately holly-
hocks and smiling sunflowers vied with each other in
trying to peep above the top. Clumps of Juneberry,
spice bush, Japanese dogwood,
and other varieties of shrubs
attractive to birds
grew about the old
well, beside the ar~
bor, and formed the
hedgerow back of
the garden. In the
spring they harbored
the white-crowned,
white-throated, and

fox sparrows, ~~ aris~

ni | let tocrats of the spar~
i ) row tribe; the lively
GF W a VA carol of the early song sparrow
fj { , ae ane blended delightfully with the
white-throat's clear, sweet,
whistle and many a duet did they sing together before
the latter departed for the North. A simple path fringed
with dainty columbine and larkspur guided one to the
cool moss arbor, where it was pleasant to sit on sunny
days and watch the bluebirds teaching their speckle-
breasted young to bathe in the bird-pool nearby, or see
the golden oriole feeding lucious cherries to his mate in
the pensile nest in the apple tree.
The low weather-beaten coftage itself, with its

Page Three

BERRIES

crannied nooks and crevices, was a haven for birds; it
seemed to breathe protection and contentment, so quiet
and unassuming were its soft gray walls adorned with the
delicate pink of sweet-briar blossoms in June. Phoebes
and swallows appropriated the corners under the eaves;
chippy birds and yellow warblers concealed their tiny
homes among the vines; ruby-throats visited the scarlet
fuchsias that grew in the lower casements and little swal-
lows fearlessly peeped in at those of the chambers above.
Two rugged pines, now faintly tinged with the golden
hue of their inconspicuous blossoms, spread their dark
branches, that sheltered the nests of kinglets and thrushes,
over the low roof of the cottage.

A host of fruit-loving birds lived in the garden in
early summer. They feasted continually on choke and
wild cherries, and cloyingly sweet mulberries. Seldom
at any other season, did the shy, elusive cedar wax-
wings enter the garden, but love of the purple fruit of
the mulberry dispelled all fear in June. The bluebirds
and orioles were equally fond of it, but they must,
perchance, satisty their appetites with that which fell
to the ground, for the waxwings claimed the trees.

On quiet summer days the drowsy hum of bees
and the buzz of humming birds joined the chorus of bird
twitters. With incredible swiftness, the hummers dart-
ed from the honeysuckles to the gladiolas, sipping nectar
from their showy blossoms. On the shady side of the
cottage, ina cool, moist, spot beside a running brook,
grew a great patch of jewelweed; in August the dainty
orange flowers drooped like pendant ear-jewels from
pale translucent stems. This was a veritable paradise

Page Four

BIRDS &

for the hummers, and several came each day to banquet
there. The most exquisite bit of bird life I have ever
seen was that of a little mother hummer teaching her
tiny twins to feed at those golden horns - of - plenty.

Across the brook in an evergreen glade we wan-
dered in the early evening and list-
ened to the bells of the wood
thrush ringing in one of its tow-
ers. His exclusive cousin, the her-
mit, never graced the glade with his
ventriloquial music, but in the ear-
ly days when the cottage was
new and the evergreens stood at the
edge of a forest, his rare voice was
often heard. There was no need of
a bird garden then, for Nature
cared for all the birds around
the little gray house; only the
advance of civilization necessitated
the provision of food and shelter in
order to keep them there.

The darden was almost as

attractive in winter as in summer
and it was quite as interesting. The scarlet berries
of the bittersweet, black alder, and the barberry
mingled with the black fruit of the sheepberry, making
a pleasing picture in the snow; when a host of chickadees
and nuthatches came to feast on them, the hedge became
a thing of beauty. Chinese Christmas berry, arrow~
wood, Japanese silver thorn, mountain ash, woodbine and

Page Five

BERRIES

English privet were equally attractive, and the birds
found their shiny berries very palatable. Frost sweet-
ened the purple clusters of wild grapes on the arbor
and improved the flavor of the Indian currants.

Rare birds, driven southward by the icy winds
of the North, sometimes invaded the garden; among them
were beautiful pine and evening grosbeaks, strange A-
merican and white-winged crossbills, redpolls, and the
lovely snow buntings. They found food to their taste in
the mountain ash berries and fruit of the sumac, ever-
green buds, and seeds of various grasses. On cold stormy
nights these feathered visitors found warm sleeping quar~
ters in the clumps of thick-leaved evergreens -- red ce~
dar, cypress, arbor vitae, and juniper -~ which drew in
sheltered corners about the house and among the shrub-
bery.

Nothing gave Grandmother such pleasure during
dreary February days as the presence of these charm-~
ing winter birds about her home. The queer antics
of the chickadees and nuthatches, and peculiar habits
of the woodpeckers, furnished a never ending enter~
tainment; while the appearance of a strange bird in
the garden was an epoch making event.

Unlike that of the purely ornamental garden, its
greatest charm lay in its natural simplicity, the
hardy character of its lusty shrubs, and the luxuri~
ant growth of its wealth of simple flowers; while
the pulse of feathered life that beat within its bore
ders filled Grandmother's heart with Joy.

Page Six

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Wax reaP eR aR

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The autumnal tints of the Virginia
Creeper are bewitching and bewild-
ering, -- a confusion of rich scarlet and

crimson mingling with the soft blue of
the abundant fruit.

its;

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PLANTING FOR BIRDS
AND BEAUTY

HERE is a strong affinity between
flower lovers and bird lovers. He who
watches eagerly for the first bloom of
crocus or of anemone in the spring,
looks with equal eagerness for the
first flash of bluebird’s wing or trill
of robin's love song. Birds and flow-

ers and sunshine are So closely associ-

ated that they can never be separated.
A flower garden without bird life is an incomplete joy.

The following list then, is to assist bird lovers and
flower lovers so that they may best combine their pleas-
ures; so that when they plant a flower, it will be not for
their gratification only, but also for the benefit of the
birds. Indiscriminate planting may be changed into spec=
ialized planting that shall have for its object the attrac-
tion and feeding of birds: and no part of the beauty of
shrubs or flowers will be sacrificed.

When the thrushes and chickadees sing their thanks
for the wood-bine, or whole hosts of birds praise your
generosity in planting a mulberry tree for them, the bird
and flower lover will be repaid for the fore-thought and
care that provided shrubs and plants which not only have
beauty of foliage, fruit and bloom, but give the birds a
feast for many days.

Page Eight

BIRDS &

White-crowned Sparrow
This beautiful bird brings a bit of the northern
forest into the garden when he stops to rest there for
a few days in spring and fall. He will prolong his visit
wherever he is provided with a generous supply of

elderberries.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Tiniest of birds and dainty as
the flowers from which they feed,
are the hummers. They love the
sweets in red and orange col-

ored flowers and are always
to be found near the haunts
of the jewelweed, cardinal
flower, bush honey~suckle,
wild bergamot and trumpet~
vine. They are also fond of
the nectar of salvias, cannas,
nasturtiums, gladiolas, colum-

bine, fuchsias and tiger lillies.
Cedar Waxwing

Shy, reticent cedar birds are lured near human hab-
itations by choke cherries and mulberries. For days be-
fore the fruit is ripe, flocks of these crested birds may be
seen in the trees anxiously watching for the first tinge of
red on the green berries. Barberries, wild cherries, wild
grapes, elderberries, hackberries, and Juneberries, poke-
berries and the fruit of buckthorn, red cedar, dogwood,
juniper and mountain ash also aftract them.

Page Nine

BERRIES
Robin

No bird enjoys greater popularity, or receives a
heartier welcome in the spring than the American robin.
His one iniquity, however, that of destroying quantities of
luscious strawberries, cherries and other varieties of gar~
den fruit, has given him many enemies. Much of this loss
would be prevented if wild fruits, such as mulberries,
choke cherries and wild cherries were grown among the
cultivated varieties, for all birds prefer the greater acid~
ity of uncultivated fruit. Robins are also very fond of
sour gum, barberry, bayberry, mountain ash, red cedar,
bush cranberry, dogwood, hackberry, juniper, buckthorn
and elderberry.

White-throated Sharrow

The musical voice of the white-throat makes him
an ever welcome visitor. He likes the fruit of mount-
ain ash, barberry, black cherry, bush cranberry, dog~
wood, and elderberry, and both common and Japanese
millet seed; if a copious supply of these is provided he
may be induced to spend the winter months north of his

usual winter range.

Mockingbird

The “Nightingale of America’ as he is sometimes
called, feeds on the dried berries which cling to the
branches of the holly, dogwood, smilax, Virginia creeper,
black alder, juniper, barberry, buckthorn, elder, bitter-
sweet and bayberry. Like the brown thrasher he seeks
the protection of thickets and shrubbery.

Page Ten

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Planted in a corner of the garden or
along a stone wall, the Climbing Bitter-
sweet will brighten the winter landscape
with its beautiful orange and scarlet
berries.

Baltimore and Orchard Orioles

Beautiful, sweet voiced orioles love the scarlet fruit
of the choke cherry and purple mulberries. Either is
eaten in preference to ox-heart or other garden cherries.
Juneberries, wild blackberries and elderberries, also, are

greatly relished.

Goldfinch

In late summer goldfinches frequent that part of
the garden in which the suntlowers grow. They like the
black and white seeds befter than any other food, and
feed on them throughout the fall and winter. No pret~
tier sight can be seen, im early fall, than that of a flock
of these bright yellow birds clinging to the brown faces
of the great blossoms. When sunflower seeds are not
obtainable, the seed of bachelor's buttons, chickory, cos-
mos and hollyhocks calls them.

Fiiicker

This golden-winged member of the woodpecker
family is fond of a large variety of fruit. In late summer
he may be found feeding on choke cherries and sour gum,
while the berries of mountain ash, bayberry and wax
myrtle are greatly enjoyed in winter. Barberry, buck-
thorn, red cedar, black cherry, choke cherry, Virginia
creeper, dogwood, elderberry, wild grape, sour gum, hack-
berry, hawthorn, holly, J uneberry, juniper, mulberry,
pokeberry, smilax, spicebush and sumac are eaten at

various seasons.

Page Twelve

BIRDS @
Bluebird
The gentle bluebird, true harbinger of Spring, re~

turns to his summer home so early in the season that of-
ten the only palatable food to
be relied uponisthe dried and
shrunken fruit that still clings to
the bifer-sweet, juniper and su-
mac. The garden in which these
attractive shrubs are planted
is sure to harbor bluebirds

ta) aga ad Alpes ata

8 perchance, there are mulberries,

mountain ash trees, red cedars, choke
cherries, bush cranberries, Virginia creeper,
dogwoods, elderberries, hackberries, June-
berries, partridgeberries, smilax, pokeberries
and holly growing there too, the bluebirds
will know where to find food for them-
selves and their young all summer.

Brown Thrasher

The lively and varied song of the brown thrasher
endears him to all who know his vocal powers. He is,
however, naturally rather shy and timid and can best be
induced. to take up his abode near the garden, if hemp-
seed, oats and wheat are scattered ina quiet corner in
the early spring. A few tangled brush heaps and thick,
thorny shrubbery in a sheltered spot may induce him
to spend the summer, and will aftract thrushes, yellow-
breasted chats, wrens and other birds as well.

Page Thirteen

BERRIES

Cuckoos
Both the black-billed and the yellow-billed cuckoos

are of great economic importance because of the many
injurious larvae that they destroy. They are fond of
mulberries.

Hairy Woodpecker

As the hairy woodpecker is resident throughout his
range, he may be aftracted in both winter and summer.
The fruits of barberry, bayberry, wild blackberry, blue-
berry, black cherry, choke cherry, woodbine, dogwood,
elderberry, wild grape, sour gum, Juneberry, mulberry,
pokeberry, spicebush, wild strawberry, sumac and vie
burnum are relished.

Downy Woodfecker

The friendly downy feeds on mountain ash, bay-
berry, bittersweet, wild blackberry, blueberry, red
cedar, woodbine, dogwood, elderberry, sour gum, June-
berry, mulberry, pokeberry, wild raspberry, smilax,
wild strawberry, sumac and viburnum.

Phoebe

Because the phoebe destroys sucha large number of
injurious flies, weevils, beetles and other small insects,
he is regarded as a bird of much benefit to man. He
varies his insect diet with wild blackberries, black cher

ries, elderberries, mulberries and juniper.

Bobolink
This bird of field and meadow will be aftracted to

Page Fourteen

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No cultivated fruit tree is more
beautiful in SRugust than a
Wild Cherry decked with its

shining fruit.

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the garden in which he finds the birds’ favorite fruit --

mulberries.

M. eadowlark

These larks are wintering more and more in the
northern states. In certain localities, where food is pro-
vided for them, they are quite numerous and become very
tame in cold weather. Buckwheat and small grain scat-
tered on the snow seldom fail to attract them.

Pine Grosbeak

These beautiful birds appear in flocks in winter
when they come southward in search of food. Mountain
ash and red cedar berries are favorite fruits.

Crossbi/]

Erratic and irregular winter visitants are the cross-
bills. Some years they are quite numerous and in others
do not appear at all. They are seen usually in the vi-
cinity of coniferous trees, as they feed on the seeds of
pines, larches, spruces, etc. Their bills are peculiarly
adapted to prying the scales from the cones of these trees
enabling them to secure the seeds. They are quite fear-
less and will allow one to approach within a few feet.

Redfoll

Flocks of these rosy birds appear in January. They
are fond of the seeds of the gray birch but may be
attracted to one’s doorstep with millet, chaff and other
small seeds.

Page Sixteen

BIRDS &
Pine Siskin
Pine siskins are fully as gregarious in their habits
as the redpolls and crossbills. As they feed on the
seeds of conifers, large flocks are usually to be seen in

localities where these trees are abundant. Chaff and
small seeds also attract them.

Snow Bunting

The lovely snow bunting is the true bird of win~
ter. Delighting in the snow and cold, his buff and white
plumage blending perfectly with the winter landscape,
and usually appearing with the first snow flurry, he is
more closely associated with this season than any other
bird. Most of his food is gleaned from weeds and stub-
ble but he may be aftracted to one's garden by millet,
chaff and wheat.

Slate-colored JS unco

The slate-gray and white plumage, pink bill and
bright eyes of this plump li@le bird make him one of the
handsomest of our sparrows. Blackberries, buckthorn,
elderberries and wild strawberries aftract him.

Song Sparrow

No sound is more warmly welcomed in the early
spring than the canary-like warble of the song sparrow.
It is at this season, when there are few other bird voices
to be heard, that his song is most appreciated. The fruits
of bayberry, woodbine, wild blackberry, blueberry,
black cherry, elderberry, mulberry, wild grape, wild
strawberry, wild raspberry and pokeberry are eaten.

Page Seventeen

BERRIES
Fox Sparrow

Blackberry, blueberry, red cedar, elderberry, eu-
onymus and pokeberry are the fruits chosen by this large
and richly plumaged fellow.

Towhee

The towhee or chewink is very exclusive in his
breeding habits, always selecting a dense thicket in a
quiet place for his nesting site. During the migrating
season, however, he is quite social and may frequently
be seen in the shrubbery about villages and towns. Chaff,
hemp and small grain scattered under a brush heap or
thicket will usually aftract him at this season.

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

In certain parts of his range, this beautiful bird
seems to have a fondness for the obnoxious potato beetle,
an injurious insect eaten by comparatively few birds. He
also relishes wild blackberries, elderberries, and wild
raspberries, but when these are not obtainable, the fruits
of mountain ash, buckthorn, black cherry, dogwood,
Juneberry, mulberry, pokeberry and sumac are eaten.

Cardinal

Flowering dogwood, wild grape, wild blackberry,
mulberry, hackberry, wild raspberry, blueberry, buck~
thorn, red cedar, black cherry, choke cherry, holly and
spicebush furnish food for the flaming cardinal, In
the spring he seeks weed seeds and dried berries under
thickets and shrubbery. Wheat, oats and especially
corn, scattered in such places seldom fail to aftract him.

Page Eighteen

Tie Daa

1 ARTA

ip a TE TO Ha TR

Evergreen spires of Red Cedar have

possibilities and create

great landscape

a pleasing contrast when planted among

deciduous trees and shrubs.

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Scarlet Tanager

Wild blackberry, Hf uneberry, mulberry and wild
raspberry are relished by this brilliantly plumaged bird.

Red-eyed Vireo

Wild blackberry, dogwood, elderberry, mulberry
and wild raspberry will bring the red-eyed vireo to
your garden where his incessant warble may be heard
throughout long summer days.

M. yrtle Warbler

The bayberry is the favorite fruit of this warbler.
Red cedar, black cherry and juniper also furnish him
with food.

Catbhird

The catbird is almost as gifted as his cousin, the
mockingbird, in imitating the songs of other birds. Be-
cause his songs are so varied, he is a desirable specie
in the garden. He too, likes the protection of thickets
and is attracted by shrubbery and underbrush. He is
fond of the wild blackberry, blueberry, black cherry,
choke cherry, elderberry, mulberry, pokeberry, wild
raspberry, buckthorn, woodbine, dogwood, sour gum,

smilax and sumac.

Chickadee

The friendly chickadee lives almost entirely on in-
sects. In winter, however, when the branches of trees
are covered with ice and snow and a sufficient supply of
these cannot be found, he lives on the fruit of bayberry
and sumac.

Page Twenty

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The hardy, prolific character of the
Frost Grape, and the decorative value of
its abundant foliage and clusters of pur-
ple fruit, make it an admirable utility vine.

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Wood Thrush

The liquid notes of this thrush are almost as sweet
as those of his cousin, the hermit: and as he is not so re-
tiring in disposition, his song is more frequently heard.
He is nesting more and more in large shade trees on sub-
urban lawns and in thickets, shrubbery etc., 1n settled
communities. He likes the fruit of wild blackberry, red

cedar, juniper, mulberry, wild strawberry and. viburnum.

Hermit Thrush

The fruit of the Japanese barberry, viburnum,
woodbine and bush honeysuckle aftract the retiring
hermit in spring and autumn. In summer he retreats to
dark pine and spruce forests where few beside his mate

ever hear his renowned voice.

Quail and Partridge

The lives of many of these game birds might be
saved every winter by the provision of buckwheat,

wheat, oats and other small drain.

Page Twenty-two

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This book was designed
and done into print at
Reiber Bird Reserve
West Webster, N. Y.

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