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BULLETIN FREAD S.-

OF THE

PHILIPPINE: MUSEUM

No. 4

Issued May 15, 1904

RSUNIAN

Wecens

THE BIRDS OF CALAYAN -A A, BABUYAN GROUP

BY RICHARD C. MCGREGOR

MANILA
BUREAU OF PUBLIC PRINTING
1904

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6

PHILIPPINE MUSEUM

Nia.

Issued May 15, 1904

THE BIRDS OF CALAYAN AND FUGA, BABUYAN GROUP

BY RICHARD C. MCGREGOR

MANILA
BUREAU OF PUBLIC PRINTING
1904

15426

THE BIRDS OF CALAYAN AND FUGA, BABUYAN
GROUP.

By Ricuarp C. McGrecor.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

Due north of Luzon are a number of small islands known as the
Babuyanes, and north of this group are the Batanes. The small lot of
birds secured on Fuga Island by Mr. John Whitehead has been the
only collection known from any of these islands. In August, 1903, we
took a steamer to Aparri, in north Luzon, where after much delay we
secured a native boat to take us to the Islands of Fuga and Calayan in
the Babuyanes. I intended to visit Camiguin as well, but owing to
the light and variable breezes it was found to be impracticable.

The present paper deals with the collection of over 1,000 skins which
was made on Calayan and Fuga. A few species from Luzon and other
islands are also discussed in their proper order. Three species from
Ticao and one from Lubang, overlooked or not identified before, are
now recorded for the first time and may he added to my lsts from
those islands in former bulletins. The nomenclature of this paper fol-
lows closely that of Sharpe’s Hand List and the Catalogue of Birds.
Salangana has been substituted for Collocalia, and Otus for Scops. My
thanks are due to Secretary Worcester, who has continued to direct our
collecting operations, and to Dr. Charles W. Richmond, of the United
States National Museum, who has kindly identified a number of doubt-
ful species.

The following species are described as new:

Turnix worcesteri. Eudynamis frater.
Macropygia phea. Zosterops flavissima.
Otus cuyensis. Hyloterpe fallax.

Otus calayensis.

The following forms are new to the Philippines:

Sphenocercus formose. Acrocephalus sorgophilus.
Oceanodroma, species. Chelidon dasypus.

Sterna fluviatilis. Clivicola riparia.
Polionetta zonorhyncha. Astur cuculoides.

Mareca penelope. Turdus pallidus.
Spodiopsar sericeus. Antigone sharpei.
Chrysomitris spinus. Fringilla montifringilla.

Saxicola senanthe.
3

4

The following appear to be new to Luzon:

Pandion haliaétus. Locustella ochotensis.
Tachornis infumata.

Added to list of Ticao birds:

Charadrius dominicus. Heteractites brevipes.
Anthus gustavi. Circus melanoleucus.

Added to list of Lubang birds:
Spizaétus limnaétus.
LIST OF PLATES.

I. Fig. 1, Turnia worcesteri, new species, type 9; fig. 2, 7. whiteheadi Grant, @.

Il. Antigone sharpei Blanf.

III and IV. Peiecanus philippensis Gm.

V. Fig. 1, Hyloterpe albiventris Grant @; fig. 2, H. fallax, new species, type 9;
fig. 3, H. philippinensis Walden @.

g.
ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL NOTES.
FUGA.

The name Fuga is scarcely known among the natives at Aparri, and
on the island itself, as well as on Calayan, Fuga is known as “Babuyan.”
The round island marked “Babuyan” on the maps and situated about
30 miles to the northeast of Calayan is called “Babuyan Claro” by the
natives. Off Musa, marked on the map as the only town on Fuga, the
anchorage is poor, the ground being very foul. A sandy beach, sheltered
by the two small islands Bari and Rigatin (the latter marked “Mabac”
on my map), exists at the western end of the island, though there
are plenty of hidden rocks here as elsewhere about the island.

Fuga is a low, scantily wooded island 12 miles long by 4 miles wide,
distant about 18 miles from the nearest point of the Luzon coast. Along
the shore is a fringe of small trees and brush, while the low, rolling
ground of the interior is covered only with grass and a few stunted
guava bushes. The island is of coral formation, and along the northern
shore there are evidences of several elevations in steep coral cliffs, the
summits of which are 100 feet or more above the present beach. There
are no streams on the island. The seven days devoted to Fuga were
quite enough to determine the general character of its bird fauna and
to secure typical specimens of Hypsipetes fugensis, which were the main
objects of our visit.

The island is scarcely worth a visit, as there is no forest and few
birds. Besides the fruit thrush, Cinnyris and Hudynamis are the only
birds of interest. Grant records seven species from Fuga. These were
collected by Whitehead and are:

Megapodius cumingi. Endynamis sp. ine.
Carpophaga nuchalis. Hypsipetes fugensis.
Accipiter gularis. Oriolus chinensis.

Ninox japonica.

5
To these must be added Butastur indicus, Haliaétus leucogaster, and
Falco peregrinus, recorded by Whitehead in his Field Notes* on Phil-
ippine Birds. During our stay we observed 22 additional species, bring-
ing the number of Fuga birds up to 82.

UNRECORDED BIRDS OBSERVED ON FUGA.

Gallus gallus. Centropus viridis.
Streptopelia dussumieri. Corone philippina.
Chalcophaps indica. Calornis panayensis.
Charadrius dominicus. Munia jagori.
AXgialitis peroni. Anthus rufulus.
Orthoramphus magnirostris. Cinnyris whiteheadi.
Demiegretta sacra. Diceeum pygmzeum.,
Ninox japonica. Otomela lucionensis.
Eurystomus orientalis. Acanthopneuste borealis.
Halcyon chloris. Cisticola exilis.
Merops bicolor. Hirundo gutturalis.

Hudynamis frater.

All of these are Philippine birds or common migrants, except Hudy-
namis frater, which is here described from Calayan, and Hypsipetes
fugensis, which is of an Asiatic genus with representative species in
Japan, Loo Choo, and Formosa. The Fuga species is abundant on
Calayan. The only other species of interest is Cinnyris whiteheadt,
now recorded for the first time outside of Luzon. Zodlogically Fuga
must be classed with Calayan because of the occurrence of the three
species mentioned and the absence of all the pecuhar Luzon genera.

CALAYAN.

Calayan hes about 25 miles north of Fuga and is a little larger than
that island. It has a moderately high central ridge of hills. The whole
island is covered with heavy forest interspersed with occasional patches
of tall “cogon” grass. The natives told me that numerous species of
valuable timber trees abound. I know only that the woods are well
suited for woodpeckers, hornbills, etc. The absence of such birds was
a continual wonder to me. Along the beach just above high water is
a belt of large-flowered trees known locally as “butun”—Tagalo name,
“by-ac-to-ro.” Nothing of value in the way of birds was ever taken in
these butun trees except a small hawk, several specimens of which were
killed here and nowhere else. Wild guavas are abundant. An inferior
variety of banana is planted to a considerable extent, though it can
not be said that it is cultivated. Cocoanut trees exist in small patches.
Tobacco, corn, rice, and camotes are cultivated in quantities sufficient
for local use. JI understand that some rice is exported in case of a
large crop. I was told that a good quality of cotton is grown, but I
did not see any of it. Carabaos and pigs, both of which may have
escaped from domestication, appear to be the only wild mammals.

' Field Notes on Birds Collected in the Philippine Islands in 1893-1896 [part 1],
Ibis, 1899, pp. 81-111.

6

There are numerous small rivers on Calayan, four of them being
within a mile of the town. The island seems to have been pretty much
all under the sea, for I found coral limestone extensively over the lower
parts and at the highest points visited. Near the eastern point of
the island, however, there are fairly well-preserved basaltic columns.

The climate is excessively wet. During the time we were there
scarcely thirty-six consecutive hours passed without at least a shower.
In November and December there were continuous heavy rains, which
interfered seriously with our work. The strong northerly and north-
easterly winds reduced the temperature below the point of comfort. On
October 20 a typhoon, which destroyed the church and many houses,
eut down all of the bananas and ruined much of the rice, which was
nearly ripe. The natives told me that this was the strongest wind they
had ever seen. ;

Some 95 species of birds were noted on Calayan, of which the fol-
lowing are Philippine:

Leucotreron leclancheri. Uroloncha everetti.
Amaurornis olivacea. Cinnyris whiteheadi.
Podicipes philippinensis. Diczeum pygmeeum.
Salangana marginata. Zosterops meveni.
Eudynamis mindanensis. Pardaliparus elegans.
Corone philippina. Muscicapula luzonensis.

Oriolus chinensis.

The above species are enough to outweigh the presence of two Asiatic
genera (//ypsipetes and Sphenocercus).

Calayan, Fuga, and probably the other Babuyanes (Camiguin, Dalu-
piri, and Babuyan) belong zodlogically with the Philippines, but by
no means can they be joimed with the Luzon group. The genera [Hypsi-
petes and Sphenocercus, with representative species of Macropygia, Otis,
Eudynamis, and Hyloterpe, give Calayan a very distinct fauna. The
negative evidence is even stronger, for of the forty or fifty species
peculiar to the Luzon group only Cinnyris whiteheadt and Zosterops
meyent occur on Calayan. The following genera are altogether wanting:
Penelopides, Dicrurus, Dendrophila, Megalurus, Orthotomus, Cittocin-
cla, Pycnonotus, Artamides, Hypothymis, Rhipidura, Pitta; also all the
woodpeckers, parrots, sunbirds (but one), and flower-peckers (but one).
As we spent four months on the island there is little probability that any
of these forms occur and were overlooked.

A number of species added to the Philippine list from Calayan are
of interest, but as they are probably migrants they afford no evidence
as to the faunal relationship of the Babuyanes. It is probable that
most of them will be taken in Luzon.

NOTES ON THE SPECIES OBSERVED.

MecaApopius cuminet Dillwyn.
Abundant on Fuga, where several specimens were killed and many

i

more were seen. Few seen on Calayan, but many of the pinkish eggs
brought in by the natives during September and October. Small young
“tabon” were killed early in October. The Calayan name is “ou-cong.”

GALLUS GALLUS (Linn.).
Abundant on Fuga; rare on Calayan.

TURNIX WHITEHEADI Grant; Handbook Game Birds, II, 1897, p. 276.

Known only from three birds purchased in Manila by Mr. John
Whitehead. In August, 1902, we rediscovered this species in the Quinta
Market, Manila. The natives said the birds were caught at Paranaque,
which is a town on Manila Bay. In our series of twenty skins the sexes
constantly differ, and I add a description of the adult female, together
with a series of measurements:

Adult female—No. 1322, Philippine Museum Collection. Purchased
in Quinta Market, Manila, August 26, 1902. Probably from Paranaque.

Description.—Similar to adult male, but distinguished by a dark
chestnut collar, narrow on hind neck, wide on sides of neck. General
color of upper parts black; feathers of head broadly tipped with dull
chestnut; down middle of head from bill to hind neck a distinct line
of pale straw yellow, terminated by the cervical collar; remainder of
feathers on upper parts barred with dull chestnut; some of the inter-
scapulars edged with whitish; lateral feathers of lower back, rump, and
upper tail coverts broadly edged and tipped with dark buff. Primaries
light brown edged with paler; primary coverts rather blackish brown ;
bastard wing blackish brown, the largest plume broadly edged with
white externally; secondaries light brown with a mottled edging of
darker brown and whitish; tertiaries and scapulars much like the back,
the latter broadly edged with buffy yellow; secondary coverts mostly
dull chestnut, each feather with a large black spot and light buff edges.
Whole sides of face pale buff, most of the feathers black tipped, forehead
similar. Chin, upper throat, lower breast, and abdomen white; lower
throat and upper breast covered by a patch of dark buff, which also
extends over sides of these areas; some feathers on sides of these areas
each with a large black spot; a few feathers under wings largely dull
chestnut. Total length, 5.25 inches; wing, 2.26; tail, 1.02; culmen,
0.43; depth of bill at angle of gonys, 0.14; tarsus, 0.73; middle toe
with claw, 0.60.

Measurements of Turnix whitehead.

Sex. Wing. Tail. Culmen.| Tarsus,
JSR TEM eek Ta i oe A A De Se ee EAE eS RP 2232 0.90 0.40 0.72
IW e eek ES Seale LS «PTE EPID err I ee a 2.40 1.10 36 68
TR YO Sis 0 BRAS EES Se pS Ne NS AE Re hee 2.30 87 .40 65
JD) Sie he otek ka Ee ree a ine ee te ERPS er eee 2.32 66 . 40 70
VO fo pe ats Dot Se a 00 os TENT ee aoe a Senne ene ee Maram 223 80 . 38 65
PESTEST er iil fe secrete aera eee sure eetnacee Stoop cine ES UE clas EV 0 2.38 88 .41 72
TD YOR re A ae ar SE EP eee ee een ee eee PAB 85 39 66
UD) @) ress sen ede ae eR ee ee soph Sh ee a2 ee 2.36 80 .42 68
Wide Sus oe. aN Seen OE Sb ee ek ee ee eee aes 2.42 72 .38 68

8

Turnix whitehead: evidently begins nesting in August, for several
live birds from the market during that month contained eggs. Two of
these eggs we were able to preserve entire. As may be seen by the
measurements, they are rather short. The short diameter crosses the
long diameter near its middle, and the outline slopes gently to the
smaller end, producing a shape less pyriform than in the eggs of our
American partridges.

DESCRIPTIONS.

No. 1. August 26, 1902.—White with numerous obscure lilac-shell
markings; around the larger end a band of dark sienna 0.20 inch wide,
whose edges are ragged and near which are a very few brown spots.
The dark zone incloses a white and unspotted area 0.35 inch in diameter.
This egg measures 0.78 by 0.63.

No. 2. August 16, 1902.—Very similar to the other egg, but the dark
band more broken on margins and entire larger end to middle covered
with a dark-brown wash. The edge of this color area is well defined
and slightly irregular, a few fine specks along its edge; smaller end of
egg with a faint brown wash. This egg measures 0.79 by 0.65.

If egg No. 1 were half immersed in strong coffee it would be colored
nearly like egg No. 2. As these eggs were taken from the oviduct—
that is, before they were deposited normally—I am inclined to think
that they may be somewhat abnormal, or not fully colored, and No. 1
especially tends to confirm this idea.

TURNIX WORCESTERI, new species.

Type.—No. 1350, adult female, Philippine Museum Collection. Pur-
chased in Quinta Market, Manila, August 30, 1902. Probably from
Paranaque, Luzon.

Description.—General color above, black; on the forehead, spotted with
white; on crown and nape, feathers tipped with pale buff and some
edged with white, producing an incomplete white line on middle of head
(this lime may be perfect in a well-made skin); feathers on back and
rump barred and tipped with pale buff, on the interscapular area edged
also with white; feathers on sides of face mostly white with black tips;
lores white; feathers on sides of neck black, each with a wide subterminal
bar of white; a small black spot behind ear; breast and throat rusty
buff, extending up each side of the white chin area as rusty buff tips
to the feathers and bounded above by the black-tipped white feathers
of malar region; flanks, under tail coverts, and sides of abdomen and
breast are also rusty buff, but paler; center of abdomen white; a few
feathers on sides of abdomen are barred with blackish brown. Primaries,
their coverts, and secondaries blackish gray; four outer primaries nar-
rowly edged with whitish; secondaries barred with whitish on outer
web. Scapulars like the back but with wide edges of whitish buff.

((Q30NG3SY ATLHDINS) “4 IGVAHSLIHM ‘L ‘% $4 IWALSSOYOM XINYNL ‘L

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Secondary coverts blackish mottled and edged with pale buff. Tail
blackish, edged with pale buff. Bill pale bluish; legs flesh pink, nails
slightly darker; irides very pale yellow. Length, 5 inches; wing, 2.80;
tail, 0.93; culmen, 0.41; depth of bill at angle of gonys, 0.23; tarsus,
0.66; middle toe with claw, 0.71.

This bird is known to us from the type specimen purchased in the
market where it was found with others of the same genus. It is readily
distinguishable from any other Luzon Turnix by its very deep, short bill.

SPHENOCERCUS FOoRMOS Swinh.; Salvadori, Cat. Bds., X XI, p. 13, Pl. I.

Fairly abundant on Calayan, where it is ealled “pu-nai,” a name used
for Osmotreron in many of the Philippine Islands. This bird may be
distinct from the Formosa species, which is said to occur in the moun-
tains of that country, but I can find nothing in our series of a dozen
skins to justify a separation, and a comparison will be necessary for
final identification. The genus is new to the Philippines.

LEUCOTRERON LECLANCHERI (Bp.).
Three specimens from Calayan agree with some from Luzon and
Mindoro. Shy and difficult to obtain.

CaRPOPHAGA NUCHALIS Cab.; Grant, [bis, 1896, p. 487 (Fuga) ; White-
head, Ibis, 1899, p. 487.

Both Grant and Whitehead were very sure that the single specimen
which they had from Fuga was distinct from C. nuchalis of Luzon.
Our four skins from Fuga and Calayan are alike and have a dark-
purplish nuchal band. With no Luzon material at hand for comparison
it is necessary to let these stand as nuchalis. Fairly common on fuga
and abundant on Calayan.

About the middle of November these birds collect in large flocks, some-
times numbering 100 or more. They are easily killed if they happen
to pass near one, but when feeding or resting in trees they take fright
at the first sign of danger. All specimens killed were extremely fat,
so that good skins were out of the question. Name on Calayan, “balug.”

CoLUMBA GRISEIGULARIS (Wald. and Layard).
A. few were seen in the tops of the heaviest timber. One killed was
so fat that I made no attempt to get more.

MACROPYGIA PHAVA, new species.

Specific characters—Somewhat similar to M. tenwrostris Bp., but
larger and much darker; the inner webs of first three primaries uniform,
the others but narrowly, if at all, edged with rufous.

Type.—No. 3933, adult male, Philippine Museum Collection, Calayan
Island, Babuyanes, P. J. Collected November 18, 1903, by R. C. Me-
Gregor and A. Celestino.

Description—Upper parts, including wings and tail, blackish brown;
back and rump feathers with wide edges of very dark-bluish slate (these

10

edges are very obscure) ; entire head dark chestnut brown, a little lighter
on forehead, the occiput and nape dark; entire side of head below and
behind eye of same shade as forehead; the chin and upper throat light
chestnut, restricted laterally by dark sides of face; rest of lower parts
dark chestnut brown, minutely vermiculated with black, which is
heaviest on breast, where the black tends to form crescent marks; sides
of neck and top of head also finely vermiculated. Abdomen, under
tail coverts, and axillaries uniform dark chestnut (in one specimen the
black specks and vermiculations extend onto abdomen and under tail
coverts) ; breast and abdomen with a vinous wash; lining of wing dark
chestnut mixed with blackish brown. Upper breast, sides of neck, and
hind neck metallic green when held toward the light, metallic purple
when held away from the light. Wings uniform blackish brown above;
below the first three primaries are without chestnut margins; the inner-
most primaries are narrowly margined with chestnut on basal half.
From above the short outer pair of tail feathers chestnut, with a wide
blackish bar near tip; second pair mostly blackish with a wide diagonal
chestnut bar about 2 inches from tip; remaining feathers blackish
brown. Bill brown with reddish base; legs dark reddish brown, nails
brown; irides of three rings, outer crimson, middle black, inner straw.
Total length, 16.25 inches; wing, 7.78; tail, 7.80; culmen, 0.70; tar-
sus, 0.94.

Type of female.—No. 3714, Philippine Museum Collection. Calayan
Island, October 23, 1903. Collected by R. C. McGregor and A. Celestino.

Description.—Resembles the male, but feathers of lower throat exten-
sively black with chestnut tips; just posterior of the light chin spot
the feathers are almost solid black, some having chestnut bases and
others chestnut tips; the sides of neck are blackish with small chestnut
specks on feathers, behind ear coverts forming irregular bars. No metal-
lic gloss below and much restricted above where it is mostly green, only
a faint trace of purple being detected. Colors of bill, legs, and eyes
as in male. Total length, 16 inches; wing, 7.70; tail, 7.68; culmen,
0.70; tarsus, 0.85.

The present species seems to be one of the darkest forms yet described.
It is larger and darker than tenuirostris of the Philippines, which is
said to have the tail much darker chestnut brown than the allied phasea-
nella (Australia) and emiliana (Java, North Borneo, Lombok). It
certainly does not approach the wide ranging ruficeps (Java, Sumatra,
Borneo, and Malay Peninsula), which has the wing only 5.5—5.8 inches.
(Cat. Bds., Vol. XXI, p. 347.)

The species is rather abundant on Calayan, and its habits do not
differ from those of M. tenwirostris. Like Sphenocercus, it was feeding
on tree fruits when we reached the island in September, but a typhoon
during the latter part of October cut down most of the higher fruiting
branches with their protecting foliage and both these species of doves

11

were then found in small trees and bushes. Known to the natives as
“a-la-ga’-dang.”

With regard to the female plumage of M. tenuirostris, our specimens
tend to confirm the statements of Salvadori (Cat. Bds.) and Grant
(Ibis, 1895, p. 470) that the adult female differs in plumage from
the male. One of our specimens from Benguet taken May 1, 1903,
showed unmistakable signs of being a breeding female and resembles
the plumage described for young birds, including the “broad rufous-
cinnamon edges on the upper wing coverts.” A breeding male taken
at the same time and place has rufous-cinnamon edges to the wing
coverts. It seems probable that two or perhaps three seasons are required
for either sex of this species to attain the fully adult plumage.

STREPTOPELIA DUSSUMIERI (‘l’emm.).
Rare on Calayan, where it is called “pagau.”

ONOPOPELIA HUMILIS (Temm.).

One of a pair killed in a Calayan rice field November 13; no others
seen.

CHALCOPHAPS INDICA (Linn.).

This green ground dove occurs in its usual numbers on both islands
visited. One specimen from Fuga, where the species is rather more
common than on Calayan, is albinistic. A few feathers on the breast,
abdomen, shoulders, back, and rump and one tail feather are pure white.
(No. 2995, Coll. Phil. Mus.) On Calayan it is called “l-mu’-kin.”
SuLa suta (Linn.)?

September 7 as we were nearing the Island of Calayan a pair of
gannets circled about our boat. They were probably of this species, but
I never saw them again and in fact have never seen gannets near a
beach in the Philippines.

ANTIGONE SHARPE Blanf.; Sharpe, Hand List Birds, p. 178 (Malay
Peninsula, etc.).

Antigone antigone SHARPH, Cat. Bds., X XIII, p. 264.

This bird is well known to the Tagalos as “tipol,” but seems to be
unrecorded from these Islands. A mounted specimen said to have been
taken at Aparri has been received in exchange from Father Sanchez,
of the Jesuit Museum, Manila. Secretary Worcester had a live bird
of this species for some time, said to have been taken in Candaba swamp.
The bird is now in the Botanical Gardens, Manila.

Diss6uRA EPISCOPUS (Bodd.) ?
A large bird believed to have been of this species was occasionally seen
on Calayan.

POLIOLIMNAS (?) species.
Once or twice I flushed a small rail from a rice field on Calayan, but
could not be sure as to the genus. A liberal reward offered for a “‘took-

ling” resulted in the production of two black downy young on October
8, but no adults.

AMAURORNIS OLIVACEA (Meyen).
One specimen from Calayan; several others seen. ‘The local name is
“ba-na-ti-ran.”

GALLINULA CHLOROPUS (Linn.).
One immature specimen from Calayan.

PODICIPES PHILIPPENSIS (Bonn.).

There is no place on Calayan where one would expect to find grebes,
and I was surprised to get a specimen on the small river near town.
The specimen was taken November 15 and is in fall plumage, lacking
any trace of rufous. Skins taken by us at Jalajala, Laguna de Bay,
on January 5, 1902, have attained nearly the complete plumage of the
breeding bird.

OCEANODROMA, species.

On July 28 while our steamer was weathering a typhoon at Mariveles
near the mouth of Manila Bay I secured a single mangled petrel still
alive. ‘The native boy from whom I bought it said that two or three
had come aboard two nights before. The bird is an Oceanodroma of
the melania style of coloration, but the skin is in such bad condition,
lacking the tail altogether, that I can not make out the species. The
family appears to be unrecorded from the Philippines.

I believe Puffinus leucomelas is the only species of Tubinares so far
recorded from these Islands. I have not yet taken a shearwater here,
but more than once have seen them off the west coast of Luzon, and when
going from Aparri to Calayan in a native boat large Tubinares, certainly
of two species, were seen. One may have been an albatross.

STERNA FLUVIATILIS Naum.

October 21, after a strong typhoon, two terns appeared off the beach
at Calayan. One killed appears to be an immature male of the above
species.

ORTHORAMPHUS MAGNIROSTRIS (Vieill.).

Three specimens from Calayan and Fuga. Occurs sparingly along
the beaches of both islands. In Calayan known as “ta-ba-l4-lan.”
GLARIOLA ORIENTALIS Leach.

A few specimens taken on Calayan.

HYDROPHASIS CHIRURGUS (Scop.).

One killed December 5 on Calayan.

CHARADRIUS DomINIcus (P. L. S. Miill.).

Abundant in flocks on both Calayan*and Fuga. On Calayan it is
called “ca-sa-huit’.” We have a specimen in mottled plumage, a male,

PHILIPPINE MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO.

oes ea ee

ANTIGONE SHARPE}.

BULLETIN NO. 4, PL.

PHILIPPINE MUSEUM.

PELECANUS PHILIPPINENSIS.

13

which was taken on Ticao April 17, 1902. The species should be added
to the list of birds from that island.
ANGIALITIS DUBIA (Scop.).

Fairly abundant on Calayan.

ANGIALITIS ALEXANDRINA (Linn.).
Fairly abundant on Calayan.

ANGIALITIS PERONI (Bp.).
Fairly abundant along beaches on both Fuga and Calayan.

OCHTHODROMUS MONGOLUS (Pall.).
Two specimens from Calayan.

HETERACTITIS BREVIPES (Vieill.).

One killed on Calayan October 21 was the only specimen seen. A
. female was collected on Ticao May 27, 1902, and is to be added to the
Ticao list.

TRINGOIDES HYPOLEUCUS (linn.).
Abundant on Calayan.

RHYACOPHILUS GLARIOLA (Gm.).
One specimen from Calayan.

LIMONITES RUFICOLLIS (Pall.).
Very rare; one killed October 23 on Calayan.

GALLINAGO STENURA (Kuhl).

Snipe were abundant on Calayan, and the only one preserved is of
this species, of which the only previous Philippine record is Mindanao.
About Manila Gallinugo megala Swinh. is the common species. ‘Two
specimens of G. gallinago (Linn.) were taken by us at Pandacan, a
suburb of Manila, but stenwra appears to be rare.

Key to the Philippine species of Gallinago.

A. Tail feathers, 20 or more, the outer ones stiffened and very narrow; dark
bars on axillaries wider than the white bars.
a. Tail shorter, about 1.90 inches; outer feathers narrower__ G. stenura.

b. Tail longer, about 2.10 inches; outer feathers wider___--- G. megala.
B. Tail feathers, usually 14, normal; dark bars of axillaries narrow
ei ee e eee a2, G. gallinago,

NycTIcoRaAX NYOCTICORAX (Linn.).

A dozen or more roosted during the day in a thicket of trees near the
beach. A young bird was preserved. Another was killed as it sat alone
in some brush near a small stream. Calayan only.

MESOPHOYX INTERMEDIA Wagl.
One or two pairs on Calayan feeding in same fields as Bubulcus. One
female collected.

14

DEMIEGRETTA SACRA (Gm.).
Observed about the beaches of Fuga and Calayan.

BusuLcus coromMANDUs (Bodd.).
A small band always to be seen in company ean the cattle on Calayan.
Local name, “la-guac.”” The species was not noted on Fuga.

BUTORIDES JAVANICA (Horsf.).
Rare; one specimen from Calayan.

ARDETTA SINENSIS (Gm.).
From Calayan only, where a live bird was brought to us October 23.
Local name, “rat.”

POLIONETTA ZONORILYNCHA (Swinh.).

Anas zonorhyncha SAtvaport, Cat. Bds., X XVII, p. 211.

On December 7 a dozen birds of this species rested on a small river
near the beach, and a single female was killed. This is probably its
most southern capture. Bill jet black with a broad tip of bright yellow;
most of the nail black; irides tan brown; degs and feet light salmon ;
nails black; webs dusky.

QUERQUEDULA QUERQUEDULA (Linn).

A male in ragged plumage was collected October 29 on Calayan.
NETTIUM CRECOCA (Linn.).

Querquedula crecea WHITEHEAD, Ibis, 1899, p. 501 (Benguet Province).

Secretary Worcester killed two males in Bulacan, Luzon, in January,
1903. A male, October 26, and a female, November 10, were killed on
Calayan.

FULIGULA FULIGULA (Linn.).

Salvadori says of this species: “Accidental in the Malay Archipelago
(Philippines and Borneo).” I believe, however, that it is a regular fall
and winter visitant to our northern islands at least. We have specimens
from the Laguna de Bay, Luzon, and it was common on Calayan con-
sidering the secant accommodation for ducks. I have seen numbers of
them in Quinta Market, Manila. Parties of from two to five could
usually be found on a small river or some of the carabao wallows, where
they feed on small fresh-water mollusks or the larvee of frogs.

MARECA PENELOPE (Linn.); Salvadori, Cat. Bds., XX VII, p. 231.
A male from Calayan, } November 26. No more were seen. Previously
unrecorded from the Philippines.

SPATULA CLYPEATA (Linn.).
One specimen from Calayan. ‘“Dulumpapa” is the name used for
any species of the duck tribe.

PELECANUS PHILIPPENSIS Gim.
The Philippine pelican has been recorded but rarely from the Islands
and probably it is strictly confined to fresh-water marshes and lakes

“SISNANIddITIHd SANVO4 1Ad

oo ae |

"Al “1d ‘¢ “ON NIL3S11NG “WON3ASNW ANIddI Hd

15

of the largest islands. - Possibly it occurs on Luzon only. Whitehead
did not meet with it, and neither the Steere expedition nor the Menage
expedition obtained a specimen. A specimen of this species in the
Museum was killed by Secretary Worcester in Tarlac Province, Luzon,
February 22, 1904. The two accompanying plates of the pelican are
from photographs of a live bird owned by Secretary Worcester.

PHALACROCORAX CARBO (Linn.).

Calayan. The first specimen was seen and killed October 26. This
bird retains some white feathers of the young plumage, and another,
taken November 11, is nearly pure white below. After this date three
or four cormorants took up quarters along the river. Known as “casili,”
although this name belongs properly to the snake bird (Plotus). “Da-
lumpapa” and “papa” also are used as names for the cormorant by
people of Calayan.

Crrcus sprLonotus Kaup; Sharpe, Cat. Bds., I, p. 58.

About a dozen marsh hawks were collected on Calayan. Two of these
are nearly adult and seem to be C. spilonotus. Some of the young birds
agree with Sharpe’s description of the young of C. wruginosus, but after
reading what Grant says I believe these birds are the young of spilonotus.
(Cf. Grant, Ibis, 1895, p. 437.) A small Circus from Ticao and three
from Calayan are probably immature examples of C. melanoleucus,
though we have no description of the young bird.

PITHECOPHAGA JEFFERYI Grant.

The Philippine Museum has acquired by exchange a male of this fine
eagle. It is said that the bird came from Albay Province, Luzon. Senor
Andres Celestino tells me that it was taken alive and kept for some
time in a cage. This seems quite probable, as the tail is badly broken
and the primaries are clipped. Chord of culmen, 2.90; depth of upper
mandible at base of culmen, 1.46; width of upper mandible where cere
meets tomium, 0.66; tarsus, 3.88; tail, about, 13; wing over, 20. I feel
reasonably certain that I fired at a bird of this species at irisan. I
believe there is no positive record of its having been taken in Luzon.

ACCIPITER GULARIS (Temm. and Schl.).

This little hawk was fairly common on Calayan and easily killed in
the fringe of “butun” trees along the beach. 'The species seems to have
been migrating, as I saw none after October 4. One of these birds
killed September 22 had met with a curious accident. A twig about 5
inches long and one-eighth inch in diameter had passed through a fold
of skin back of the wing and about an inch of the twig protruded above.
I imagine the stick was picked up when the hawk struck at some bird
or lizard.

ASTUR CUCULOIDES (Temm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. Bds., I, p. 115, Pl. IV, fig. 2;
McGregor, Bull. Phil. Mus., No. 3, p. 15.

‘ 16

As this species seems to be new to the Philippines I should state that
the record is based upon a single specimen from Cagayancillo Island
identified for me by Dr. Richmond. Bill blue black, greenish at base;
cere orange; feet light orange; nails black; iris very dark brown. The
stomach contained a lizard. .

SPIZABTUS LIMNATUS (Horsf.) ; Sharpe, Cat. Bds., I, p. 273.

A male specimen killed by us on Lubang in November.

SPIZAETUS PHILIPPENSIS Gurney; Sharpe, Cat. Bds., I, p. 261 (foot-
note).

This species is to be added to list of Irisan, Benguet, birds. At Mari-
veles also we collected a male in February, 1902. In the description in
Catalogue of Birds, fourth line from bottom, “thighs and toes” should
read “thighs and tarsi.”

BUTASTUR INDICUS (Gm.).

Abundant on Calayan. On September 18 and again on the 22d there
were large flocks of this species sailing and circling overhead fully 200
yards high. Over forty were counted in one flock. Before these dates
none had been seen. On October 14 I noted numbers flying low down,
and killed one. Again on October 17 and 18 great numbers passed
overhead in long, straggling bands flying in one direction. After this
the species was often seen, and one bird was taken in a trap set for

fruit thrushes. Native name, ‘“‘coo-yab’.”

FALCO PEREGRINUS Tunst.
A female from Calayan; others seen. This, like the various species
of Circus, is called “ma-ma-éo.”

PANDION HALIAETUS (Linn.).

A female taken at Puerto Galera, Mindoro, in December. A mounted
specimen in the Museum was taken in the vicinity of Manila. Secretary
Worcester killed another over some marsh land near Manila. This
species seems to be unrecorded from Luzon.

HALIAETUS LEUCOGASTER (Gim.).
Observed on Fuga and Calayan.

NINOX MINDORENSIS Grant.

No. 1767, adult male, Philippine Museum Collection. Puerto Galera,
Mindoro. Collected December 2, 1902, by R. C. McGregor and A.
Celestino.

Description.—Top of head, neck, and sides of neck narrowly barred
with buff; feathers of throat with broad blackish shaft stripes; a large
and conspicuous white area on each side of throat. Most of the under
parts tawny buff with narrow brown bars and touches of white; lighter
and whiter posteriorly; under tail coverts white. On scapulars and
greater coverts large white spots, roundish in form on the latter. Tail
dark brown with about eight narrow buff bars. The feathers below eye

17

and of ear coverts are elongated and decomposed, the tips of longest
feathers being merely hairs. Wing, 6.30; tail, 3.50; tarsus, 1.19; cul-
men, from base of bill, 0.76.

This example appears to be the second known specimen of Ninox
mindorensis. The type, a female, was collected by Whitehead “in the
lowlands about the base of Monte Dulungan, in Mindoro.” Judging
from Grant’s description of the female (Ibis, 1896, p. 463), the sexes
of this species are similar. The bird is so different from N. philip-
pinensis that I took it to be a young bird at first. Dr. Richmond
examined our specimen and confirmed my identification.

NINOX PHILIPPINENSIS Bp.
An immature male from Aparri, August 8, appears to be of this
species. The bird came aboard our steamer in the evening.

Ninox Japonica (Temm. and Schl.) ; Grant, Ibis, 1896, p. 141 (Fuga).

Several specimens from Calayan, where it is called “cok-cok,” are
identical with three from Fuga and with one from Cuyo, the latter iden-
tified by Dr. Richmond.

OTUS! CUYENSIS, new species.

Scops sp. MeGrecor, Bull. Phil. Mus., No. 3, p. 15.

Type.—No. 1900, adult male, light phase, Philippine Museum Col-
lection. Cuyo Island, Paragua Province, P. I. Collected January 12,
1903, by R. C. McGregor and A. Celestino.

Description.—Feathers of head and neck heavily streaked with black-
ish brown, the edges more or less notched with whitish and light rufous;
“horns” also blackish, but edges rufous; back dark rufous, finely speckled
with blackish, clearer rufous on upper tail coverts. Each outer scapular
with a large white spot on outer web followed by a blackish spot on tip
and bordered toward base by a dark brown line. Chin and upper throat
whitish with narrow brown shaft stripes, the webs marked more or less
with cinnamon; remainder of under parts dark cinnamon, more or less
cross-barred with white and dark brown, each feather with a blackish
brown shaft stripe; the coloration is heaviest across the upper breast
owing to the greater width of the shaft stripes and reduction of the
white areas; middle of abdomen almost pure white; the flank feathers
with narrow shaft lines and wide white bars; thighs rufous brown;
wings mostly sandy cinnamon more or less mottled with brown; outer
web of primaries regularly notched with five or six spots of white
or whitish cinnamon bordered with dark brown; similar notches on
secondaries but less prominent owing to darker color of spots. Quills
below brownish with slightly lighter irregular and almost obsolete bars.
Bastard wing with similar light notches on outer web; on the first

1 Otus, Pennant. Cf. Stone, Auk, 1903, p. 275.
15426——_2

18

feather the notches are white. Coverts generally uniform, but some
feathers of median series with large white patches on outer webs. Tail
about the same as back with about eight irregular and almost obsolete
cross bars. The short plumulaceous feathers’below and behind the eye
are finely mottled with pale cinnamon, brown, and whitish. Behind
ear the feathers of incomplete ruff broadly tipped with blackish brown
forming a prominent dark band on side of head. Bristly feathers of
lores whitish at bases; tips blackish brown; the longest about 0.80 of
an inch; anterior bristles pale cinnamon. ‘'Tarsi feathered to bases of
toes. Bull, cere, and feet dirty brown; nails, horn brown; irides, yellow.
Total length, 9.25 inches; wing, 6.68; tail, 3.25; culmen, 0.89; tarsus,
1.38; middle toe with claw, 1.30.

Type.—No. 2185, adult female, light phase. Philippine Museum
Collection. Cuyo Island. Paragua Province, P. I. Collected March 5,
1903, by R. C. McGregor and A. Celestino.

Not essentially different from male, but white notches on primaries
and bastard wing with a cinnamon wash. Total length, 9.25 inches;
wing, 6.90; tail, 3.27; culmen (tip broken), 0.83; tarsus, 1.38; middle
toe with claw, 1.26.

No. 1912, January 12, 1903, red phase-—The pattern of coloration is
the same as in the light phase; white and whitish markings nearly all
replaced by rufous; chin and upper throat and modified feathers below
and behind eye almost clear rufous; blackish brown markings on breast
very wide. A few whitish bars on abdomen and flanks.

I have been unable to define the specific characters for this owl, as
we have on hand none of the other species except O. longicornis, with
which of course this has nothing to do. Dr. Richmond, who examined
specimens, writes: “Apparently new. Does not belong to the lempigi
group, but more inclined to the menadensis style of coloration.” This
bird is abundant on Cuyo and is known as “bu-cad.” The female type
was flushed from the end of a hollow horizontal limb where she probably
had a nest with eggs, as the ovary contained one egg soon to be deposited.
I greatly regretted that we had to leave Cuyo the next day and were
thus unable to get the eggs.

OTUS CALAYENSIS, new species.

Type.—No. 4058, adult male, ight phase. Philippine Museum Col-
lection. Calayan Island, P. I. Collected December 15, 1903, by R. C.
McGregor and A. Celestino.

Description.—Lower parts dark cinnamon finely mottled with brown
and white, a few feathers on throat and breast with dark-brown shaft
stripes or spots; abdomen, flanks, and under tail coverts extensively
white with very little cinnamon and the brown mostly reduced to fine
speckles; thighs and tarsi cinnamon with cross lines of dark brown.
Upper parts dark rufous finely mottled with blackish brown, producing

19

a rather uniform coloration; lores, continuous with a line above eyes,
white; tips of nasal and loral bristles dusky brown or cinnamon, the
longest about 0.80 of an inch. Modified feathers of ear-coverts and
below eye finely speckled with white and dark brown; behind this the
incomplete ruff forms a conspicuous rufous band along side of head, but
most of the feathers tipped with dusky brown. Feathers of “horns”
dark rufous with irregular blackish spots toward tips. Wings coverts
and scapulars about same as back, some of latter with a large white area
on outer web. Exposed surface of quills and tail similar and a little
lighter than back; tail crossed by several irregular lighter bars. Quills
dusky brown; outer webs of outer primaries notched with pale cinnamon ;
inner webs of quills crossed by pale cinnamon bars which become very
wide on secondaries. Tarsi feathered nearly to toes. Bill, feet, and
nails brown, the feet with a slight green wash; irides bright yellow.
Total length, 8.50 inches wing, 6.66; tail, 3.35; culmen, 0.84; tarsus,
1.23; middle toe with claw, 1.13.

Type of female-—No. 4077, Philippine Museum Collection. Calayan
‘Island, P. I. Collected January 2, 1904, by R. C. McGregor and A.
Celestino. In every way similar to the male. Total length, 8.00 inches;
wing, 6.48; tail, 3.20; culmen, 0.83; tarsus, 1.24; middle toe with claw,
1.12. In the red phase the white markings except a few bars and freckles
on abdomen and flanks are replaced by rufous.

This species is common enough on Calayan, but like all the small owls
rather difficult to obtain. We took a pair in the light phase and a pair
in the red phase of plumage. They were often heard calling in the woods
and one flew into our house early one morning. Known to the natives
as “cok-cok babuy,” or pig owl, from a notion that it follows the wild
hogs. Its call may be written “cok-cok,” but Ninox, to which the natives
apply the name “cok-cok,” was silent except for a low chattering as it
flew goatsucker-like after beetles. Otus was often found about houses
_near the forest. Its food was beetles and locusts.

EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS (Linn.).
Abundant on both Calayan and Fuga. Known as “ta-ga-tac.”

ALCEDO IsprpA Linn.

Rather scarce along the beach and rivers of Calayan. The native
name given me for this kingfisher is “ma-min-di’-ta.” Ceywx is lacking
on Calayan.

HALcyon coromMANDus (Latham).

More common on Calayan than on any other island we have visited.
This species was found in deep woods and thickets, where it fed upon
land mollusks and small land crabs. Known as “sa-luc-sac.”

HALCYON CHLORIS (Bodd.).
Seen on Fuga only.

20

HALCYON LINDSAYI (Vigors).
One of my hunters killed a male of this species at his home in Silang,
Cavite Province, Luzon, and brought it to Manila.

Merrops BicoLor Bodd.
Several seen on Fuga.

CAaprIMULGUS JoTAKA Temm. and Schl.; Bourns and Worcester; Minn.
Acad. Sci., Oc. Papers, vol. 1, p. 42 (Palawan).

One female from Calayan, where it is extremely rare and shy. In
Bulletin No. 1 I described the female plumage of Caprimulgus griseatus.
I have now received from Mr. William Eagle Clarke his fourth paper on
Negros birds and find that he had already described this plumage.

SALANGANA? MARGINATA (Salvad.).

Collocalia marginata McGrecor, Bull. Phil. Mus., No. 1, p. 9; ibid, No. 3, p. 9.

This little swift, previously beheved to be extremely rare, was abun-
dant on Calayan during our entire stay. During the stormiest weather
it was feeding for many hours and often in company with the smaller
swallows. If the weather was calm large parties of swifts hawked high
about the trees or played among the tree tops, occasionally turning a
somersault with no apparent reason. At other times, when the wind was
strong off shore, they were found hunting low near the beach, thus
securing the protection of a thick fringe of trees which grew just above
high water. During such times it was an easy matter to get near them,
as they had little fear. I caught one with a butterfly net on a stormy
day. ‘Two were brought me alive which were said to have entered houses.
Local name, “nido”; also called by some “sa-lum-pi-ping-au,” but the
latter name refers more strictly to the various species of Hirundo.

In September most of the birds had the first primary but partly grown
and this is true of a few up to the middle of November or later. Speci-
mens with flesh-colored feet, which I take to be young of the year, do
not differ from the adult in plumage, nor is this peculiar, for the nestling
of S. linchi is almost exactly like the adult. In these two species a
single plume grows from the upper side of the hind toe, the tip of. the
plume reaching about middle of claw.

Measurements of Salangana marginata.

No. Sex. Locality. Date. Wing. | Tail.

888331) Male 22 =e Calavem: ess oe ee ee eee Sept. 29 4,12 1.59
3465 |----- Oe Sees CL es EES 2 2 ant eee Oe 4.03 1.56
S003 3/22 GG): 22h2 SSE eas (Ol oyMaee — RS SATE epee esse ere ere SESE E en so Oct =s 4.03 1. 66
pr eens (6 Vo pee oe | PEK oe, (0 Ko pee ie SE ioe ae Se Ne ee a Oct. 25 4,20 ~ 1.80
3944 |_____ dG 2e 2 RE CO) eee aE oe Sap a ee See Noy. 19 4.08 1.59
3285 | Female ~_____|____ CO ee ae he es ee Ee ee eee Sept. 24 4.10 1.63
3464 |_____ On See eee AO oe ae 8 ae ee ee Se i a ee Oct. 4 4.15 1.63
3505 |_-__ doe 2 aa Oe ee Se ee Oct. 7 4.00 1.64
Lay Alls eee ee Ons Se OO 2 he PO a Ee oe ree Oct. 17 4.04 1.65
8913 |-_--_ 0 Fo puma ee Baty. GOT MASTER ae eee ee ees ae ee ee Nov. 15 4.06 1.60

1 Salangana, Geoffr. St.-Hilaire. Cf. Richmond, Proc. U. 8. N. M., Vol. XXV,
p. 301.

21

CHA@®TURA, species.

Large swifts were seen a few times on both Fuga and Calayan. Dur-
ing a heavy rain I saw a party flying low, but to my disgust they all
took to the hills before I could come within range.

TACHORNIS INFUMATA (Scl.); McGregor, Bull. Phil. Mus., I, p. 5
(Ticao).

During a recent trip to Anao, Tarlac Province, we were fortunate in
killing a bird of this species. A few others were seen, but it was by
no means common. This fork-tailed swift is now recorded from Luzon
for the first time.

EKupDYNAMIS MINDANENSIS (Linn.).

Occurs on Calayan in same localities as the following species, but is
much less common. The two species are known to the natives as
“tu-aod.” Probably occurs on Fuga also, but during our short stop
there we got samples of the larger species only.

There seems to be much variation among the females of this species
as stated by Captain Shelley (Cat. Bds., XIX, p. 317). None of our
female specimens is barred with white on upper tail coverts and tail as
described by Shelley and they are probably young birds. However, that
the very young female bird is black there is no doubt, as our series from
Calayan contains females in which the black and spotted plumages are
variously mixed. For example, a female taken October 2 has seven tail
feathers uniform black and three tail feathers black barred with rufous
buff. The uniform feathers are evidently of the old plumage. We have
others in which the wings and body feathers show similar mixtures.

Whitehead got one male Hudynamis on Fuga which Grant was unwill-
ing to refer to any described species, pointing out, however, that it was
larger than H. mindanensis. On Calayan we found both large and small
_birds of this genus, the large ones being by far the more common. For
this species I propose a new name.

ENDYNAMIS FRATER, new species.

EHudynamis sp. inc. GRANT, Ibis, 1896, p. 125 (Fuga).

Eudynamis mindanensis WHITEHEAD, Ibis, 1899, p. 394 (Fuga).

Specific characters Similar to H. mindanensis (Linn.), but much
larger, the female more nearly uniform black above and with head more
rufous.

Type—No. 3697, male, Philippine Museum Collection. Calayan
Island, Babuyanes, P. I. Collected October 22, 1903, by R. C. McGregor
and A. Celestino.

Description.—Entire plumage glossy blue-black. Bill dusky greenish ;
irides crimson; legs and feet dark steel blue; nails brown. Total length,
19.25 inches; wing, 9.52; tail, 9.34; exposed culmen, 1.24; bill from
nostril, 0.87. ;

22

Type.—No. 3201, female, Philippine Museum Collection. Calayan
Island. Collected September 18, 1903, by R. C. McGregor and A.
Celestino. :

Description of female-—Above dark brown with a faint purple gloss
on wing coverts and scapulars. Top of head, neck, and sides of face
with shaft stripes of rufous; back, rump, and wings with small spots
of tawny rufous. Quills and tail barred with same color. Lower parts
buff (inclining to white on middle of breast) barred with black. A
more or less distinct white band from base of bill to below posterior edge
of ear coverts, wider posteriorly; below this a wide band of dark rufous
mixed with black; ear coverts similar; chin and throat striped with
black and tawny buff. Bill dusky greenish; irides crimson; legs and
feet steel blue; nails brown. ‘Total length, 19.25 inches; wing, 9.45;
tail, 8.94; exposed culmen, 1.25; bill from nostril, 0.88.

Habitat—Calayan and Fuga, Babuyanes group, P. I.

Measurements of Eudynamis mindanensis.

|

| : , Cul- Bill

No. Sex. Locality. Date. Wing.;| Taii. an a from
* | nostril.
1765 | Male ___| Puerto Galera i Bee 8. 22 7.93 LOS Ones
iifitz( |e oye do soe ht 7.68 1. 06 .74
1906) (=e Ole | CUYOLese ee = - 8.34 1.19 1.06 wD
1972 |___do___| Cagayancillo_ 7.75 7.80 1.14 76
D149) Sedo= sae do 7.62 1.30 1.20 85
1217 |____do ___| Masbate 8. 46 7.94 1,20 . 80
7O2) Saeed Oe ||Licao: 8.00 | 7.82 1.14 .78
3182 |____do ___| Calayan Peso Medeniett ipa by . 76
31414 Eaeido 2 Sees to) 7.45 7.15 1.16 .70
3270) |= =adoe2 |e do 7.90 7.44 1.10 . 80
3402) Sedge | Saeee do 7,25 7.18 nia tit Ath)
8444 does do 7.88 7.38 1.08 .80

i}
Measurements of Eudynamis frater.

Cul- Bill

No. Sex. Locality. Date. | Wing.| Tail. aan from
* | nostril.
30821) Malle 22s ehup a: (ali ino@)) a ee ae Sept. 1 9.36 8. 80 1,26 0.85
8183542 does | 7 Calonveme (albim 0) eee eee ne Sept. 17] 10.25 9.00 1.28 93
S09 fel == Os. "| Calavann((type)ies=ss een eee see Oct. 22 9. 52 9, 34 1,24 . 87
ISI pean OO ae eee CQ Siew See eee ae Seas ee Sept. 15 9.44 8.90 1,24 . 87
BoUSn| ane O ee | Soe 0 ee eee Sept. 25 9.19 | 10.00 1532 .85
ys) | ESAs Kos GOzEEs Se eee ee ope ee es Oct. 12 9,55 9. 00 1.16 . 89
S628 42 aan Osas| ree Oe ere eo ae rn ee eee one Oct. a3 9.08 9.08 1.25 .93

In spite of the great variation in the size of these cuckoos, as shown
by the accompanying tables, I believe the large birds represent a distinct
species. At least some of the variation in wing and tail measurements
is due to the more or less incomplete growth of these parts. This spe-
cies has a strong tendency to albinism. The following specimens are
interesting :

No. 3140, male, Calayan, September 15, 1903.—In left wing one of
the greater coverts and tip of longest primary white. In right wing
white spot on one short tertiary and on one primary covert. One white
feather on abdomen. One buff barred feather on abdomen.

23

No. 3612, male. Calayan, October 12, 1903.—Abdomen and side of
hind neck each with one white feather.

No. 3032, male. Fuga, September 1, 1903.—Except wings and tail
entire plumage with many white feather, sides of neck, breast, and
abdomen more than half white. Six tail feathers more or less white
toward base. Wings black except primary coverts, which are all white
on one wing; nearly all white on the other wing; some of primaries
mottled with white. One secondary pure white in each wing.

No. 3183, male; Calayan, September 17, 1903.—White much as in
No. 3032 except wings and tail, which are normal except one partially
white feather in right wing. Many feathers of abdomen and thighs and
sides of breast black barred with buff. This seems to be an aberrant
specimen.

No. 1703, female; Puerto Galera, Mindoro, November 22, 1902.—Is
a specimen of Centropus mindorensis with a white feather in crown and
two or thrée white feathers in breast. Captain Shelley notes a similar
albinism in the British Museum specimen. Steere (List of Bds. and
Mams. Philippines, p. 12) says of this species: “All black with bronze-
green reflections. Head duller black. Wings slightly shaded with
rufous, more apparent on edges of primaries.” In this specimen of ours
the head is quite as green as any other part and there is no rufous what-
ever on wings.

CucuLus canorus Linn.
Five skins from Calayan, where the species is not rare. A half-grown
female taken October + seems to indicate a late breeding season.

CENTROPUS VIRIDIS (Scop.).

Rather rare and shy on Fuga and Calayan. Usually travels through
the tops of thick clumps of brush or hides in bamboo thickets. Local
native name, “si-ga-cok’.”

CORONE PHILIPPINA Bp.

Abundant on Fuga and [ scarcely ever saw so many before as there
are on Calayan. It is known as “uac-uac,” and this name seems to be
applied to the species in all the Islands. The above spelling is according
to native style. In English I would write “wak,” the “a” broad. Uni-
versally hated, as it spoils corn, eats small chickens, and carries off any
fish or meat left unguarded. I have seen crows carry off young chickens,
but can not say how much they injure crops.

CALORNIS PANAYENSIS (Scop.).
A flock of fifteen or twenty on Fuga, but curiously this common bird
was not once seen on Calayan.

STURNIA VIOLACEA (Bodd.).

Abundant on Calayan for a short time. First seen October 8, when
a flock of fifty or more were feeding in a fruit tree. Small parties also

24

feeding in fruit-bearing bushes. None were noted after October 16.
Local name, “bilit china.”

STURNIA SINENSIS (Gm.).?
One specimen killed September 15 is paces of this species, but
lacks the tawny buff color of our Luzon specimen.

SPoDIOPSAR SERICEUS (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds., XIII, pp. 44 and 665.

Heterornis servicea Cassin, U. 8. Japan Exp., Vol. LI, p. 238, pl. 5, 1856.

A specimen from Calayan seems to be some sort of Spodiopsar, and
ath the above me a plumage. The back of our bird is brown,
not “light ashy-gray.” Otherwise it agrees with the description in the
Catalogue of Birds and with the plate referred to above, which is omitted
from the synonyms in the catalogue.

ORIOLUS CHINENSIS Linn.

Recorded from Fuga by Grant, where we found it abundant. Also
conspicuous on Calayan, where it is called “kee-ai,” in imitation of
its cry.

Munia Jacort Martens.

Rare on Fuga and Calayan. In this species there is much variation
in the extent of black on the lower parts and in the color of the neck.
In No. 529, Mariveles, Bataan Province, Luzon, the black is continuous
from chin to belly, the breast having only the sides chestnut; head and
neck are almost uniformly blackish brown, the forehead black, however.
In No. 2862, Ivison, Benguet Province, the black of breast and belly
are separated by the chestnut for a quarter of an inch and the neck is
brown, not blackish. This is the most usual style of coloration and the
variations may be due partly to age. At present I refer all of our speci-
mens to M. jagorv.

UROLONCHA EVERETTI ('Tweed.).

Occurs sparingly in Calayan, where it is known as “‘bi-lit.”
YMBERIZA SULFURATA T'emm. and Schl.

First seen on Calayan early in November, during which month five
were collected. Very few others were seen. It was difficult to get, as

it frequented low brush and was put up more by accident than otherwise.
Whitehead collected this species in Luzon.

FRINGILLA MONTIFRINGILLA Linn.; Sharpe, Cat. Bds., XII, p. 178.

A rare migrant to Calayan, where three males in winter plumage were
taken. First seen October 29, when two were killed. The third one
killed November 30. A few others seen. The genus is new to the
Philippines.

CHRYSOMITRIS SPINUS (Linn.).

Two males and two females killed on Calayan November 27. No

others were seen. This genus appears to be new to the Philippines.

25

MoracrLLa OCULARIS Swinh.

The specimen recorded from Lubang (Bull. Phil. Mus., No. 3, p. 10)
is a young female in first winter plumage with the crown like the back
and the white frontal band just indicated. We now have a female from
Calayan in second winter plumage, killed October 10. In this specimen
the black forms a narrow crescent on the breast.

MOracILLA MELANOPE Pall.
Common along the streams of Calayan. Sometimes found about
towns.

Moracitua FLAVA Linn.
Usually in flocks in clearings or open grassy spots. Taken on Calayan.

LIMONIDROMUS INDICUS (Gm.).

A female specimen from Calayan October 7. Measurements: Wing,
3.10; tail, 2.80; exposed culmen, 0.50; tarsus, 0.86. Balabac appears to
be the only previous Philippine record for this species.

ANTHUS GUSTAVI Swinh.

Specimens from Calayan, where it is not common. Found only in
woods or thickets and never in flocks. Among our birds from Ticao I
find a specimen of this species in fresh spring plumage. It was killed
April 30.. Omitted from list in Bulletin No. 1.

ANTHUS MACULATUS Hodgs.

- A single male in fresh fall plumage was taken November 19 on Cala-
yan. ‘This specimen is more strongly olive above and the spots below
are heavier than in April specimens from Benguet, Luzon. The spotted
pipit has been recorded from Palawan and Luzon.

ANTHUS RUFULUS Vieill. -
Specimens taken on Fuga and Calayan.

ANTHUS CERVINUS (Pall.).

This species has been recorded from Balabac, Luzon, and Mindanao.
We now have a large series from Calayan, showing all stages of fall
plumage. Some of these lack any trace of the fawn color and others
have the color covering the whole side of the face and extending well
onto the breast. Red-throated pipits were first detected November 3, but
were probably present much earlier. They were found invariably in
small flocks near town, squatting low in the short grass or feeding on
refuse thrown out from the houses, where they perhaps picked up bits
of meat and rice.

CINNYRIS WHITEHEAD! Grant.

Abundant on both islands visited. During September found feeding
in the bananas and cocoanuts and difficult to kill. Later, however, with
the flowering of various small bushes, this fine species was found to be
abundant and numbers were obtained without trouble. Calayan and

26

Fuga specimens are in every respect like those of Luzon in the Museum.
Males in immature plumage were found during our entire stay and
enable me to trace the plumage development with some certainty. In
young birds the plumage is much like that of the female, with the
upper parts grayer and lacking much of the olive green.

The brilliant adult plumage is first indicated by a few scattered red
feathers on belly, metallic purple feathers in throat, black feathers of
back, and metallic green of rump. These areas do not develop with
any great regularity or in fixed sequence. In one specimen, with but
a touch of red on each side of forebreast and three or four green feathers
in rump, the purple along sides of chin and throat and black on side of
neck is developed far in advance of others, with the belly very extensively
green. The first new feathers, however, usually appear somewhere in
the large red patch of breast and the green of rump, then the throat,
black of back, and lastly top of head. The molt of wing can not be
followed with much satisfaction and seems to bear but a general relation
to molt of the body plumage, but there is usually considerable red in
the breast before any new wing feathers show. ‘The coverts appear to
be first to change, followed by the inner secondaries, though in some
the inner primaries change earlier than the secondaries. The tail molt
is usually under way before that of the wing. One female has a single
bright red feather on side of breast. There is no doubt as to the sex
of this specimen. The Calayan name for Cinnyris is “sa-uit’ sa-uit’.”

Dica#um pryemaum (Kitt.).
Fairly abundant on both Calayan and Fuga.

ZOSTEROPS MEYENI Bp.

Abundant on Calayan, going about in small parties in the brush or
at other times feeding in the high trees. There is some variation in
the extent of yellow on the breast, but this is largely due to season. A
skin from Benguet is very dingy, showing contact with smoke or burnt
timber, just as has been observed in many United States birds. Name
in Calayan, “ti-tit.”

ZOSTEROPS FLAVISSIMA, new species.

Zosterops sp. inc., McGrecor, Bull. Phil. Mus., No. 3, p. 11.

Specific characters —Similar to Z. aurevloris Grant, but larger; upper
parts lighter, top of head and sides of head and neck yellower.

Type.—No. 2110, male in freshly molted plumage. Philippine Mu-
seum Collection. Cagayancillo Island, Paragua Province, P. I. Col-
lected February 7, 1903, by R. C. MeGregor and A. Celestino. Upper
parts bright olive green, perhaps slightly more yellow on crown and
neck, the upper parts exactly as in Z. meyeni in fresh plumage. Lower
parts rich golden yellow, of the same color as the chin and throat in
meyenr, slightly paler posteriorly; sides of head and neck like crown,

(ag30naay) “4 SISNANIddIMIHd *H ‘6 $4 XV1IW4‘H ‘S $4 SINLNSAISTY SdYSLOTAH ‘1

——______—_

“A “1d “+ “ON NIL311N9 “WNASNW ANiddIIIHd

27

flanks washed with olive; quills and coverts edged with same bright
olive green as back, except first long primary and large feathers of
bastard wing, which are blackish brown; inner webs of quills margined
with white; under wing coverts white with pale, yellow wash; axillaries
and edge of wing yellow, the latter darker; tail brown, edged above
with olive green, the inner webs with narrow whitish margins. From
gape to and below eye a black line; circle of eye feathers silky white;
across the forehead and reaching eye on each side, a band of golden
yellow shading into the color of the crown. Measurements of type:
Length, 4.50; wing, 2.20; tail, 1.74; exposed culmen, 0.43; bill from
nostril, 0.32.; tarsus, 0.65. Female like male, possibly a trifle lighter
below.

Measurements of 20 skins of each are as follows:

Males: Wing, 2.14-2.29 (average, 2.22); tail, 1.60-1.80 (average,
1.69; exposed culmen, 0.40—-0.47 (average, 0.44); bill from nostril,
0.29-0.35 (average, 0.32) ; tarsus, 0.62-0.74 (average, 0.68).

Females: Wing, 2.11—2.27 (average, 2.17) ; tail, 1.58-1.75 (average,
1.65); exposed culmen, 0.40-0.46 (average, 0.43); bill from nostril,
0.30-0.34 (average, 0.32) ; tarsus, 0.63-0.80 (average, 0.68).

This species appears to be most nearly related to 7. aureiloris, but is
distinguished by its larger size. I have compared flavissima with a
March specimen of aureiloris from Mariveles and the two species are
distinct. Our few skins of Z. nigrorum are in bad plumage, but that
species is evidently much darker and greener than the new species.

Grant gives the following dimensions for Z. awreiloris :

“Adult male.—Total length about 4.5 inches, wing 1.85-2.05, tail
1.4-1.5, tarsus 0.6.

“Adult female-——Total length about 4.5 inches, wing 1.95-2.05, tail
1.4-1.5, tarsus 0.6.”

Abundant on Cagayancillo, where it is known as “tammig.”

PARDALIPARUS ELEGANS (Less.).
A number of skins from Calayan.

SAXICOLA @NANTHE (Linn.) ; Seebohm, Cat. Bds., V, p. 391.

A male bird killed near our house on Calayan October 24 is probably
of this species in winter plumage. I believe this genus is unrecorded
from the Philippines.

HYLOTERPE FALLAX, new species.

Specific characters——Nearly related to H. philippinensis Walden, but
at once distinguished by the paler and less extensive yellow on under
. surface and the heavier shaft streaks on throat.

Type.—No. 4040, adult male, Collection Philippine Museum, Cala-
yan Island, Babuyanes, P. I. Collected December 9, 1903, by R. C.
McGregor and A. Celestino.

28

Description—Head above grayish brown, very slightly olive; the rest
of the upper parts, including tail and exposed edges of all wing feathers,
dark olive green; ear coverts and region around eye grayish brown, a
little lighter than top of head (in many specimens, probably immature,
this area has a faint reddish wash) ; chin and throat white with distinct
dusky shaft lines, bordered posteriorly by an obscure crecentric, dusky
band; sides of breast and flanks dusky olive green; breast, abdomen, and
under tail coverts yellow; anteriorly paler, but on under tail coverts
nearly as rich sulphur yellow as in H. philippinensis; thighs yellow;
edge of wing, under wing coverts, and axillaries white, washed with
yellow; inner edge of quills edged with white. Bill black, legs plumbeous
blue; nails flesh. Total length, 6 inches; wing, 3.19; tail, 2.60; tarsus,
0.83; exposed culmen, 0.60.

Type.—No. 3485, adult female, Collection Philippine Museum. Cala-
yan Island, P. I. Collected October 6, 1903, by R. C. McGregor and
A. Celestino.

In all respects like the male. Total length, 6 inches; wing, 3.12; tail,
2.70; tarsus, 0.88; exposed culmen, 0.56.

Ten males measure: Wing, 3.11-3.30 (average, 3.19) ; tail, 2.57-2.84
(average, 2.64); exposed culmen 0.55—0.63 (average, 0.59); tarsus,

.77-0.88 (average, 0.83).

Ten females measure: Wing 3.00—3.28 (average, 3.14) ; tail, 2.48-2.80
(average, 2.60); exposed culmen, 0.54-0.62 (average, 0.58); tarsus,
0.76—-0.89 (average, 0.82).

This well-marked race was perhaps derived from H. philippinensis.
The latter species, however, has the entire lower breast, abdomen, and
under tail coverts rich sulphur yellow. A comparison with H. albwentris
is unnecessary, as that species has the posterior under surface white,
with but a faint wash of yellow on under tail coverts. The majority of
our specimens, which I take to be slightly immature, have the bill dark
brown, the lower mandible a little the lighter. The variation in plumage
is slight, consisting in the sides of face and breast band being washed
more or less with faint reddish and in a slight variation in the strength
of shaft streaks on throat. Some examples have a little more olive on
crown and in others the exposed margins of inner primaries are washed
with reddish brown, both of which points I take to be signs of slight
immaturity.

This new form was abundant on Calayan and was found in thickets
along the beach as well as in the deepest forests. Occasionally seen
singly, but more often in bands of four to six or seven. Numerous
specimens were secured without difficulty, as it was quite fearless, passing
from the ground or low brush to the high trees and down again with
little regard to the collector’s presence. It was often killed by mistake,
as it had a habit of perching motionless in low, thick brush or on the
branch of a tall tree, when its plain colors made it difficult to identify.

29

For this reason I think its name appropriate. The native name is
“sa-mot ba-sit’,’ which means “little Hypsipetes.”

OTOMELA LUCIONENSIS (Linn.).
Abundant on Fuga and Calayan. On the latter island known as
“ta-lal’.”

ACANTHOPNEUSTE BOREALIS (Blas.).
Occurs on both Fuga and Calayan, but not common.

ACROCEPHALUS SORGOPHILUS (Swinh.); Seebohm, Cat. Bds., V, p. 94
(Amoy).

A little reed warbler collected at Taguig on the Laguna de Bay,
January 19, 1902, is probably of this rare species known only from
China. Dr. Richmond says that the specimen comes nearer to A. sorgo-
philus than to anything else he can find. Actual comparison with the
type is probably necessary. The bird was killed in a bunch of reeds
over the water and others could probably be found in the same locality.

ACROCEPHALUS ORIENTALIS (Temm. and Schl.).

Chinese reed warblers were very abundant on Calayan. September 25
and for a week after the guava and pangdan bushes were fairly alive
with them. We have other specimens from. Pandacan, a suburb of
Manila (identified by Dr. Richmond), and from Taguig, on the Laguna
de Bay.

LocusTELLA ocHOTENSIS (Midd.).

Recorded from Marinduque by Steere and from Mindoro by Grant.
In January, 1902, we got two specimens in rice fields at Pandacan.
These were identified by Dr. Richmond. On Calayan we secured fifteen
examples.

LOCUSTELLA FASCIOLATA Seebohm, Cat. Bds., V, p. 109, Pl. V.
One specimen from Calayan is referred to this species.

HORORNIS SEEBOHMI (Grant).

We found this bird not uncommon at Irisan, where we took eight
specimens. The young plumage is undescribed.

Juvenile—No 2615. Sex? Philippine Museum Collection. Irisan,
Benguet. Collected May 14, 1903, by R. C. McGregor and A. Celestino.
Similar to the adult, but entire upper parts including head of a uniform
olive rufous (in the adult forehead and crown are dark-russet brown
without the olive wash) ; superciliary stripe, sides of face, and entire
under parts strongly suffused with dirty olive, paler on chin and throat,
and with a slight rufous tinge on posterior parts. Wings and tail as
in the adult.

‘HoRORNIS CANTURIENS (Swinh.).

Dr. Richmond identifies a skin from Mariveles as of this species. Pre-
viously recorded for Luzon, but rare. We got about a dozen specimens
on Calayan.

30

HororNIs MINUTA (Swinh.), Sharpe, Hand List Bds., IV, p. 236.
Cettia minuta Sresoum, Cat. Bds., V, p. 141.
Four specimens from Calayan are closely related to this species, but
without other specimens I can not make a positive identification.

CHIMARRHORNIS BICOLOR Grant; McGregor, Bull. Phil. Mus., No. 3,
p. 2:

In my last paper I noted a pair of this rare species. My native
hunters, who remained in Benguet for some time after my return to
Manila, brought down two additional specimens. An adult male was
taken June 22. The plumage of the other is worth noting, as it is a
young male of the year.

No. 2900, Irisan, Benguet, June 9, 1903.—The plumage is dark slate,
almost dead black, a little paler on abdomen; wing coverts and feathers
of lower parts tipped with gray; tail and wings are new and like those
of the adult. New adult plumage shows in a few new feathers on head,
back, breast, and abdomen.

CISTICOLA EXILIS (Vigs. and Horsf.).

Occurs on both islands visited. On Fuga it was found in dry, grassy
fields and killed in small guava bushes. On Calayan it is confined to
the rice fields and is known by the name “tic-tic-ri-bo,” the first half
of which is probably derived from its song.

TURDUS PALLIDUS Gm.; Sharpe, Hand List Bds., IV, p. 138.

Merula pallida Sresonm, Cat. Bds., V, p. 274.

One specimen from Calayan agrees fairly well with a single skin from
the market at Nagasaki, Japan. The species is at once distinguished
by the pale breast and flanks and the broad white tips of outer tail
feathers.

Turpus CHRYSOLAUS Temm.; Sharpe, Hand List Bds., IV, p. 139.

Merula chrysolaus Sresoum, Cat. Bds., V, p. 275.

First observed November 28, when one of my hunters managed to
mangle a specimen. After this date numbers were seen, usually in
guavas and other thick brush. Extremely wild, so that only a dozen
or so were secured. Known to the natives as “pir-pi-ru-ca.”

TurDus oBscuRUS Gm.; Sharpe, Hand List Bds., IV, p. 140.
Merula obscura Serponm, Cat. Bds., V, p. 273.
But two specimens of this paler species were killed on Calayan.

PETROPHILA MANILLA Bodd.
In Calayan this species is fairly common about town, perching on
stone walls, fences, or buildings.

CALLIOPE CALLIOPE (Pall.).

Calayan is the first island where we have found this species. On
November 8 our first specimen was taken in a trap by a native boy. A
few days later it became abundant. In the early morning and for a

dl

short time before dark its whistling call was heard on every side. Though
common this species is by no means easy to secure in good shape, as it
stays in heavy underbrush and is constantly on the move. If the hunter
waits patiently near a patch of guavas or bamboo thicket he will hear
a rathér low but clear two-syllable whistle. This may be rendered by
the Tagalo name “‘piloy” perhaps as well as by any other word. This
is repeated four or five times with great deliberation, then follows a low
throaty “chuck,” also repeated several times. Calliope has a pretty, low,
warbling song, but does not often favor the listener with his song. Even
the “piloy series may not be repeated by the same bird for half an hour.
However, another bird at some distance will answer with this plaintive
and far-carrying call note. To get sight of one means a long wait, and
then it is not at all likely that you can more than see the bird. At the
least noise it flies into the thickest part of its retreat. I was unable to
find anyone on Calayan who had a name for the species. A specimen
was purchased in Quinta Market, Manila, February 29, 1904.

HYPSIPETES FUGENSIS Grant; Grant, Ibis, 1896, p. 113.

Grant’s statement that “the top of head and neck are brown, like the
back, instead of dark, slate gray” is misleading. The back is brown, the
feathers faintly edged with dark olive brown, and while the head and
neck are brown the feathers are edged with dark slate-gray, which makes
considerable contrast between neck and mantle. The birds of Fuga and
Calayan are identical, except that the latter have slightly longer bills.
Bills from nostrils, in eight males from Fuga, measure 0.63—0.71 (aver-
age, 0.68). In the same number of males from Calayan I find 0.69-0.78
(average, 0.72). Ten specimens of each sex from Calayan taken in
October yield the following measurements:

Males: Wing, 4.70-5.10 (average, 4.93); tail, 4.50-5.04 (average,
4.80); culmen, 1.02--1.10 (average, 1.07); tarsus, 0.82-0.97 (average,
0.91).

Females: Wing, 4.64—4.80 (average, 4.73) ; tail, 4.35-4.64 (average,
4.53); culmen, 0.98-1.10 (average, 1.02); tarsus, 0.84-0.94 (average,
Or):

A specimen from Fuga has two white feathers in the crown. No.
3797, a male from Calayan, has the lower parts except chin and throat
crossed by narrow obsolete light bars and the mantle and back are simi-
larly barred. Otherwise the plumage is normal.

The molt of body plumage was about over when we reached the
Islands, but the wings and tail often contained both old and new feathers
up to the first of November.

The illustration of the “foot of Hypsipetes psaroides, to show tarsal
envelope without scutes” (Cat Bds., VI, p. 35), by no means represents
the condition in H. fugensis, for the tarsi of this species are certainly
scutellated in the specimens of our large series. Four specimens of H.
amaurotis from Nagasaki, Japan, also show scutellated tarsi. According

32

to the key to genera of the sub-family Brachypodine (t. ¢. p. 2.), this
character puts these species in the genus J/xocincla. Neither can Hypst-
petes and Jole be distinguished on the character of strongly or scantily
developed rictal bristles. The tarsi of the latter, at least in the species
mindorensis and philippinensis, are booted, which is perhaps enough to
separate that genus from Hypsipetes.

Common on Fuga and even more abundant on Calayan, where the
species fairly swarms. Wherever there are bushes or trees fruit thrushes
may be heard on every side. Their song differs considerably from that
of Jole philippinensis and is pitched in a higher key. They have harsh
eall and alarm notes similar to those of Jole. During October and
November this species forms an important item of food for the people
of Calayan. They are easily trapped, especially if the fruit of a small
red pepper, of which these bulbuls are especially fond, is used for bait.
They feed extensively on guavas during December and January. One
native easily took 15 to 20 birds in a forenoon, but if the traps are not
visited often the trapper finds nothing but a pair of legs for his pains.
The crow is commonly reputed to be the culprit, and with good reason
I believe. We caught a crow in one of our traps and at another time a
hawk, Butastur indicus. I found these bulbuls an agreeable addition
to my table in an island where fresh food is scarce at the best. Its
name among the people of Calayan is “samot.”

PERICROCOTUS CINEREUS Latfres.
One specimen, October 23. Calayan. Rare and hard to secure, as it
travels in the highest trees and is always on the move.

HEMICHELIDON GRISEISTICTA (Swinh.).
A few specimens from Calayan, where it is rare.

MUSCICAPULA LUZONIENSIS Grant.

A few specimens from Calayan, where it is rare and shy. Mr. Rich-
mond has called my attention to a misprint in the tarsus measurements
of this species, which is given as “1.7” in the original description (Ibis,
1894, p. 506). For two males from Irisan, Benguet, I find this measure-
ment to be 0.70 and 0.72 of an inch, respectively. Females measure
about the same. Grant (loc. cit.) states that the upper parts are “without
any trace of bluish.” All of our specimens are certainly blackish blue
above.

Juvenile plumage.—No. 2878, female, Irisan, Benguet, June 7, 1903.
No. 2939, male, Irisan, June 17, 1903.

Description of young male——Upper parts dusky brown, each feather
with a rusty yellowish buff spot, on the top of head and nape rather
‘ streaked; upper tail coverts rusty; sides of head like top without any
indications of the adult markings; wings brown, the coverts bluish, each
feather with a large buff spot; chin, throat, and upper breast white with ~
a wash of buff; breast more heavily washed with buff, each feather with

3d

black edges, producing a more or less striped effect ; belly and under tail
coverts white; lining of wing, axillaries, and flanks yellowish buff. In
the back of this specimen there are several new bluish slate feathers of
the adult plumage.

The female specimen is very much like the male, but upper parts
slightly dull olive and washed rather than spotted with rusty buff. The
tail is brown like the wings. Bill dusky above, lighter at tip, lower
mandible and angle of mouth yellowish; legs white, nails light gray.

CHELIDON DASYPUS Bp.

Two specimens from Calayan. 'These agree well with Sharpe’s descrip-
tion of Japanese birds (Cat. Bds., Vol. X, p. 93). Both our birds are
females. In one of October 31 the feathers of hind breast and belly
have narrow but distinct dusky shaft stripes. In the other of November
2 these feathers are pure white with a shght gray wash along sides. In
both the rump feathers show dusky shafts. Bill black; irides dark
brown; legs pale flesh; nails light brownish.

This species was rare on Calayan and seemed to affect the company
of Hirundo striolata, sailing slowly about usually well out of reach. It
was only by extreme patience that the two examples were taken.

CLIVICOLA RIPARIA (Linn.).

Two specimens from Calayan, taken October 30 and November 6
respectively, are undoubtedly of this species, which seems to be a new
record for the Philippines. Both are immature birds, showing the
whitish to wing coverts, secondaries, upper tail coverts, and rump said
to be characteristic of the young (cf. Ridgway, Man. N. A. Bads.,
p-. 463, 1887).

HirRUNDO GUTTURALIS Scop.

Obtained on Fuga and Calayan. On the latter island it was abundant,
hawking from early morning till late in the evening and in all weathers.
“Salumpipingau” is the native name of the swallow on Calayan.

HIRUNDO STRIOLATA (Boie)..

Seen only near the town on Calayan, where it appeared irregularly.
Two or three were seen October 15, but on the 17th during a light rain
50 to 100 flew low about the church and rested on the roof. The next
day and for several days not one was seen. Again on the 29th several
were collected, and so on during our stay; at times feeding over rice
fields or open grassy places at considerable altitude; rarely resting on
the ground. On one such occasion I killed seven with a single load of
No. 12 shot.

I am following previous Philippine records in referring the mosque
swallow of Calayan to H. striolata, but there are several points in which
our birds do not agree with the description. In the key to the species
of Hirundo, japonica and striolata come together under “stripes on rump

15426 3

o4

very distinct” (Cat. Bds., Vol. X, p. 125), but on page 162, where the
type of striclata is described, we find “lower back and rump light chest-
nut rufous with narrow blackish shaft lines, not very distinct.” Now
in all of our twenty-five adult birds the black shaft lines are very distinct.
The wing measurements are intermediate between those given for japo-
nica and striolata, thus being near [Hirundo substriolata Hume. It is
also stated that striolata has “no rufous on base of forehead.” In our
specimens there is a narrow but distinct frontal line of rufous passing
back over lores and eye to large triangular patch on side of head. Phuil-
ippine birds need to be compared with typical specimens.

No. 3788, immature male—Calayan Island, P. I., October 31, 1903.

Pattern and color same as in adult, except back and top of head
browner with less metallic blue; chestnut patch on side of head lighter ;
rump creamy white with three or four chestnut feathers of adult plum-
age; tail and wings browner and lacking blue gloss; tertiaries and coverts
more or less tipped with whitish; the ground color of under parts is
not much different from the adult, but the characteristic shaft stripes
are everywhere lighter and greatly reduced, becoming obsolete on under
tail coverts and absent on axillaries and lining of wing, except along
edge of wing where there are a few narrow lines. Bill, legs, and nails
black.

Measurements of FHirundo striolata,

No. Sex. Locality. Date. Wing. | Tail. | Tarsus,

= i — | = eS
SSI || MMiailes===ees == Calay ants: f so 2 Buse oes ee ee | Oct. 17 | 4.64 3.724 0. 54
3696 |_____ ae DES |S (oj Rate alae eee lence es Oct. 22] 4.82] 3.98 60
BAG Eee (5 Kaye oe | OO ate ee eee ee ee Oct. 29 | 4: Fail eat teen .61
BUA | eee (Voy sees 8 Oy SEER oe i a he Sey, = Oeste Aoe 3.95 ~ oD
3672) Wemale= sy" 2 )-- CO 2 ee a St ee ee rOct. 17 | 4.72 5. 7) 61
GLOWS), | Ee (6 Xo egress ( CORES eee eS ee eee eee 106 (0) Se 4.76 3.65 58
337/010) eee (50) oer ee ee (50 Yee Se a PE i SE PE eo ee LS Oct. 29 4.75 3. 84 . 60
S9D7 |e 2es (oKaye ees cere Ramen ae (a KO ae ee, rm ee a iii ee wy ee | Noy. 21 4.79 3.79 . 60
8908" eae (0 oy Saeed COS eee re eee ed Ones spn0e 3. 86 .59

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