jansisendsiieyrerig iraepeanny 419 EN RAM HE WBA SLOT OLS LORI TL L EENEM PREM Sites sidainx teen at ay bare & Se eeaaeeee a 2a a a . ) er; e = = — * € r \ . & — 7. va os } ’ | ae 7 y == : / y s $ ] > j > - ~~ a t ‘ \ “) 7 = —~ a 4 y Fak 3 . te s my wis i = y — ~ a = : s ~ ot : ad y ea > y ‘ = £ EASTERN TURKEY Collected and mounted by Rufus kK. Winslow about 1840, in attitude shown in Audubon’s famous painting. 6SY C3 Wat 1G5O Bi ra THE CLEVELAND MusEuM oF NATURAL History — VOLUME X ne > BULLETIN NUMBER 2 — THE KIRTLAND SOCIETY SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS OF 5 ee Sea IssuED JUNE, 1950 Birds SMT PRINS PR of the ; i Cleveland Region : A Check List of Species Reported within approximately 30 miles of the Cleveland Public Square EDITED By Jatt ) ARTHUR B. WILLIAMS, Pu. D. THe CLEVELAND MusEuM oF NATURAL HIsToRY 2717 Eucitip AVENUE, CLEVELAND, OHIO ZHSON A | MAY 19 1954 — LIBRARY BIRDS OF THE CLEVELAND REGION Table of Contents CURES 5 S235 35-3 SA gig et aa ee CO No “LEE LSS SS TTE 2 Ero aR OD rs ov ee Peete ea ane SE INDAMEE TNO STO seh te Nae Mn gt at ee eM ct SETE TERI EMESH ne Ar ho ee Place Names Frequently Mentioned in the Text... Composite List of 106 Species Reported Seen on Christmas Bird Counts of 1910-1948. cc sssssssssscsssssnsese List of 1381 Species Observed in Downtown Cleveland.......... List of 115 Species Included in Breeding Bird RRMA RRESEMGIETE OR TLCEE CR if tcc path rh a BU te chased adctniuladots Index of Common and Scientific Name Srrcccccccccccccsssssssssccssssssssscssssssen 178-184 185-192 193-197 198-199 200-201 202-203 204-215 oc BIRDS OF THE CLEVELAND REGION Introduction By ARTHUR B. WILLIAMS MONG Clevelanders there has always been a lively interest in the bird life of our surrounding forests, fields and waters. The early pioneers who developed the infant city in the wilderness, in the years immediately following the first surveys of 1796, had an intimate acquaintance with the wild turkey and the passenger pigeon. They were familiar with the great flocks of migratory waterfowl which in spring and in fall blanketed the extensive marsh lands which then existed at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River—in those days right at Cleveland’s front door. Many of these birds represented a welcome source of food supply, and every young man was a hunter. Dr. Jared P. Kirtland, writing 54 years later*, gives a picture of the bird life of those times. Said he: ‘‘The rapacious family of birds was very strongly repre- sented. The Bald Eagle visited the premises of almost every farmer during cold weather. The Golden Eagle was not un- common, particularly along the shores of the Lake. Of the former a few remain at the present day; the latter has nearly or quite forsaken its former locations. The Red-tailed, Red-shouldered, Broad-winged and Cooper’s Hawks, might, in early days, be found nesting on almost every acre of the Western Reserve, and during the summer the beautiful Swallow-tailed Hawk visited here in consider- able numbers in pursuit of its favorite food. It might be seen moving in graceful circles at no great height, watching for the garter snake that then infested our meadows. Wild Geese, Swans, Ducks and wading birds literally swarmed about every lake, pond and creek, during Spring and Autumn. Many species also bred in the Reserve. The flocks of Wild Turkeys were more common and numer- ous than are those of the tame variety of the present day. The Partridge and Quail were not so very abundant. The * Family Visitor, Vol. 1, No. 1, January 3, 1850. 1 Pileated Woodcock was found on every dry tree. The sound of his heavy blows and loud note were heard on all sides; and many a decaying trunk was literally demolished by his labors. Turkey Buzzards and Ravens collected in numerous flocks about every dead carcase—while the crow was less abundant than it is in more recent times. The Crow Black Bird might be found nesting in almost every hollow and cavity in decaying trees. His habits in constructing his nest were different from his kin in the New England States, where it builds its nest exclusively on some fork of a limb of a live tree near its extremity. The Robin, Blue Bird, Thrush, Cat-bird, and many small species, have, perhaps, increased as our fields and orchards have been extended and afforded them favorite resorts.’ Since the early days of which Kirtland wrote, stupendous changes in the natural environment have taken place, profoundly affecting the bird life of the region. During this period also, bird study as a recreational hobby has developed to the point where it has produced a remarkable number of enthusiastic followers who are expert in the identification of birds in the field. All such persons are keenly aware that changes in the character of certain localities formerly affording sanctuary to many species of birds about Cleveland have come about even of late years, making many areas unsuitable to bird life. Nowhere is this more apparent than along the Lake Erie shore. Shorebirds are finding continually less and less to attract them within the limits covered by this list. In reviewing the records of the various species it is all too apparent that certain birds have been decreasing in numbers in the region in the last 150 years. Some have dropped out of the picture altogether. Those which have gone are the wild turkey, Carolina paroquet, Eskimo curlew, trumpeter swan, passenger pigeon and swallow-tailed kite. Shorebirds have been decreasing in numbers, but changes in habitat may account for much of this. Birds that have increased are those which have adapted themselves to the presence of man, his clearings, buildings and practices. Such are the robin, house wren, cardinal, meadowlark, bobolink, killdeer, and others. During this interval of over 150 years, although students of birds have been by no means lacking in numbers or in interest 2 in and about Cleveland, no inclusive and authoritative list of the birds of the Cleveland region has ever been published. The nearest approach to such a list is that of Ingersoll and Chubb, referred to on page 187. Meanwhile a vast amount of material bearing on the bird life of the Cleveland region has accumulated in scattered books, maga- zines, articles, reports, and personal records. Especially is this true of the records contained in the Cleveland Bird Calendar. This mimeographed bulletin alone, now in its 46th year, has pre- served thousands of records concerning the birds of this region. It was started in 1905 by Professor Francis H. Herrick of the Department of Biology of Western Reserve University. Until 1931 it was carried on by Dr. Herrick and a few friends, partic- ularly Professor W. H. Hulme and Professor C. M. Finfrock. In 1931 the Calendar became the joint project of the Department of Biology of the University, and the Cleveland Bird Club. Dr. S. C. Kendeigh of the Department of Biology represented both organizations as editor. Under this arrangement the scope of the Calendar was greatly enlarged and its field of usefulness cor- respondingly increased. Following Dr. Kendeigh’s removal from Cleveland in 1938, Dr. John W. Aldrich, then Curator of Ornithology of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, was appointed editor by a committee of the Bird Club, and the Museum replaced the University as a sponsor of the Calendar. Upon Dr. Aldrich’s removal to Wash- ington in 1941, Dr. Arthur B. Williams, Curator of Education in the Museum, was appointed editor by a committee of the Cleve- land Bird Club. In 1943, by agreement between the Cleveland Bird Club and the Kirtland Bird Club, an organization affiliated with the Museum of Natural History, the publication of the Calendar be- came the responsibility of the Kirtland Bird Club, in co-operation with the Cleveland Bird Club; the Museum continuing its spon- sorship of the Calendar, and Dr. Williams continuing as editor. It is the purpose of this check list to bring all these records together; to evaluate and consolidate them; and to present the results in the form of a simple statement of facts which will sum- marize our present knowledge of the occurrence and local distri- bution of each species of bird that has been authoritatively recorded from the Cleveland region. 3 Acknowledgments |i work of compiling the list and making the information available has been done largely by members of the Kirtland Bird Club. The plan of the work was first organized by Dr. Harry C. Oberholser in 1943. Inasmuch as it was a spare-time job, it took four years to complete the careful reading of all the books, mag- azines and published reports that might have in them possible references to the ornithology of the Cleveland region. The reduc- tion of these records to systematic accounts was begun in 1948. The editing of them occupied odd moments of most of 1949. A few records only are included beyond January 1, 1949. Members or former members of the Kirtland Bird Club who contributed time and effort to the production of the list are: John W. Aldrich Vera Carrothers Edith Dobbins H. C. Dobbins Elsie C. Erickson James 8. Findley W. Earl Godfrey Carl F. Hamann Raymond W. Hill Mrs. Luella Literaty Nadine Literaty Margarette E. Morse Donald L. Newman H. C. Oberholser Margaret E. Perner Jerry Piskae Marjorie Ramisch Raymond Roth William E. Scheele Ray Smiley Mildred Stewart Robert S. Smith Clark Tefft Harold E. Wallin Lida H. Whittier Arthur B. Williams Others who rendered special services are Mrs. William E. Hanna, who did much detail work for the editor; Dr. Lynds Jones of Oberlin, who was frequently consulted on early records; John E. Lieftineck of Akron, who persuaded us to recognize the Akron Lakes as a part of our region, and who provided many records from these lakes; Frank M. Phelps of Elyria, who provided much helpful information from the western part of our region; and Mrs. Florence Wise, who copied the records from the Ohio Cata- ~ logue of Birds in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History collections. To Dr. John W. Aldrich of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a former member of the Kirtland Bird Club, we are greatly in- debted for the checking of all scientific names. The help of Miss Mildred Stewart of the Cleveland Public Library in looking up certain records in early publications; and of the Western Reserve Historical Society in unearthing biographical material relative to some of Cleveland’s early naturalists, is greatly appreciated. The special thanks of the editor are due Mrs. Lida H. Whittier for her careful checking of the copy and discriminating help with the editing of it. The Check List on CHECK LIST makes possible at least a tentative answer to certain basic questions regarding bird life in the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio. These are: What species of birds have been reliably reported as occur- ring in the Cleveland region? How common or uncommon are they? At what time of year may one expect to see them? Where may they be looked for? Where, and in what manner, do they nest? Questions such as these, simple as they may appear to be, can be adequately answered only on the basis of many years of ob- servation on the part of many people, and the conscientious preservation of these observations in the shape of written records. In these respects we are indeed fortunate, as we have indicated, in having a long history of bird observations in this area to draw upon as source material for this work. We believe this to be the first local list to attempt to supply quantitative information on some of the birds inhabiting a given area. This has been made possible because of the painstaking field work which certain members and friends of the Kirtland Bird Club have been carrying on since 1931. Including 1949, this work 5 has involved the study of no less than 51 separate typical breeding habitats, totaling in all, 1539.4 acres of land. These studies have been developed by 51 different people who have devoted 133 seasons of effort to their projects. The breeding activities of 9548 pairs of birds of 115 different species nesting in our region (See page 202) have thus been brought under close observation, and the results largely made available for study through publication in the Audubon Magazine and Audubon Field Notes. Also included are several seasons of weekly studies of wintering waterfowl along the Lake Erie shore, from the mouth of Rocky River to East 140th Street. The Herrick Ornithological Club (See page 191) conducted a series of such studies from November 1, 1939, to April 1, 1940, and again from December 22, 1940, to February 23, 1941. The following winter (October 5, 1941, to March 29, 1942) a more completely organized study of the same area was made by the Kirtland Bird Club under the leadership of Ralph A. O’Reilly, Jr., assisted by 14 other club members. The extensive tabulated results of these studies, published in the Cleveland Bird Calendar, are a tribute to the enthusiasm and persistence with which this sroup carried through these schedules of weekly observations in the bleakest part of the city, and the coldest parts of the day and year. Check lists such as this have been made for numerous localities. Two of special interest to us are ‘‘The Birds of the Chicago Region’’ (1934), by Edward R. Ford, Colin C. Sanborn and C. Blair Coursen, published by the Chicago Academy of Sciences; and ‘‘The Birds of Lucas County’’ (Ohio) (1940), by Louis W. Campbell, published by the Toledo Zoological Society. Such lists are useful to the beginner in bird study as a guide to what he may expect to see or not see in the region covered. To the more advanced student the list is a convenient standard against which to check his own observations, and a challenge to duplicate, or better, some of the records set forth therein. Thus he may be in a position to make important additions to the pres- ent knowledge of the bird life cf the region. We hope that this list may be of value to the professional orni- thologist as an aid to the study of the abundance, distribution and migration of birds throughout the country. 6 nad gl as “: ae ie we a) eT Ulsy Cg (4NI7 ¥NOLNOD 1004 008) eT uosiopun g £G ANIWdYVDSS B9vLvOG Melnnees uospnyH : > s DIOFpa th eeamodeuantaueaerane : PrOFP uopieyD 3G RQ) 148d TH 189104 yaINy s,uiqqaisg =[¢ AIayaulary yey Suruso0y |} MITA 9ALT uinjaiog.y (ec aye] 1ayxeys uoploH IIOAIDSIY JUNOWIIe] UleJUNOW FIT 6F IJATY pueIg QF J[IAsouleg = /F Ioqiey wodiueyq oF yovag puowypry | Ct yooig xorg J yeg apem ye g Japjayoyooy yoorg urog yieg uopioy saye'] Uolyy YSILJY IOWUSIN FE uoIyV spuv[prayy IT[TASYIIIG IOIWIW SF JaATy esoyrany enjuryy ZF aienbs ITqnd Puesas[) Arenjours eioiny [} IOMO J, [RUTUIA [, puog eioiny | Sog uojos | Ov Jayemaspy uliseyy yINog GE (aye) AoppouTH Ato1e1oge’y PUIPI yorvasay DYV'T §, uleIqy Pld UIMpreg gg * alga ayvI Ary APOY uLIseYyD YON 1¢ PAIJ[SIIP[IQ OE yleq uot puog anse{D puog ae | 4 379 f aye y-at}-u0-u0A IPH 2718 a6 = GREG GEM GF 4O ah ee ae s a AquSnoypi ny Pe SNlaqvd V SVH 319YID SHL 3 M f JSUPL eT ° pera BN ett. GY NOIS3Y OGNV13A319 3HL GD spoom ATT JOATY ulseyy ¢¢ | eIIATA 42D pipny ZE IIATY YORIT AMO AGM IE Ure1O'T [PPMyYIOY syeYT OF . }sIOYULY YON IY 6G vey YaoID Joavag 06 61 81 LI 9T : v1 61 él IT OL aN OOH 2D © The Cleveland Region Fon THE PURPOSES of this list, the Cleveland region is defined as all territory lying in any direction within 30 miles of the Cleve- land Public Square (See map). This obviously cannot be consid- ered as a hard and fast limit, but an approximate one insofar as marginal territory may be concerned. To the south we have allowed for a bulge of approximately 10 miles to take in the Akron Lakes, which topographically belong to the region (See page 193, Akron Lakes). Compared with some other local lists, the Cleveland region, thus defined, is a relatively small area. Yet it includes about 60 miles of the southern shore of Lake Erie, in which lie the harbors of Fairport, Cleveland and Lorain. It includes most of the drainage system of the Black River; all of that of Rocky River, including both East and West Branches; the entire drainage of the Cuya- hoga, except a small portion of its headwater streams; all of the drainage of the Chagrin River, including both East and Aurora Branches; and approximately 14 miles of the Grand River from a point just east of Painesville to the river mouth at Fair- port. It includes about 1650 square miles of land and about 1180 square miles of Lake Erie—a body of water whose bird life we may explore more thoroughly some day than has been possible up to the present time. Familiar place names on or near the perimeter of this semicircle are Fairport, Painesville, Chardon, Burton, Mantua, Kent, Akron, Medina, Litchfield, LaGrange, Elyria, North Amherst and Lorain. The City of Cleveland occupies its mid portion. Included is all of Cuyahoga County and portions of the adjoining counties of Lake, Geauga, Portage, Summit, Medina and Lorain. The topography of this region is varied, and this contributes much to the interest of bird study within its limits. It so happens that Cleveland sits astride the boundary line between the Appa- lachian Plateaus Province (to the east) and the Great Central Lowlands Province (to the west). This is no imaginary line, but in most places is a prominent feature of the landscape. It is known to geologists as the Portage Escarpment. To the east and south 7 are rolling hills, cut by ravines, gorges and river valleys. To the north and west are lake plains and till plains forming relatively level country. The rivers mentioned have developed, in some eases, extensive flood plains. Coinciding with our 30-mile boundary to the south, the higher lands form the watershed between the Lake Erie (St. Lawrence Basin) drainage, and the Ohio (Mississippi Basin) drainage. This change in topography as between east and west also marks a change in climate between Atlantic Coastal and Interior Low- lands, which is reflected in significant changes in plant and animal life. The location is such that it becomes a veritable ecological crossroads. Inspection of the map will make these features plain. The original vegetation of the region was as varied as its topog- raphy. Following the retreat of the glacial ice some 25,000 years ago, a succession of boreal forest types occupied the land until the climate became such that the deciduous forest could compete with the evergreen trees. Then a gradual replacement of the evergreens by the broad-leaved trees began, which in our day has all but eliminated the forests of the colder climates. The few remaining hemlocks are remnants of those forests, as are such places as Lit- tle Mountain and Fern Lake (See page 195). When the City of Cleveland was first mapped in the wilderness in 1796, the dominant forest type over all the uplands was beech and sugar maple. Included within this forest in certain wet loca- tions were upland swamp forests dominated by American elm, red maple and black ash. Other wet locations supported dense stands of pin oak. On the Lake Plain were lowland swamp forests of American elm, silver maple and black ash. On the old lake beaches black oak, tulip, white ash and chestnut dominated the scene. To the south were great forests of oak, hickory and chest- nut, in which white oak was one of the most common species. The ravines and the escarpment edge were dark with hemlocks, and there were here and there small groves of white pine. In the river bottomlands sycamores, cottonwoods, and black walnuts grew to giant size.* * The Native Forests of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, by Arthur B. Williams, Scientific Publication of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Vol. IX, 1949. 8 There are now but a few remnants of these old forests left in the region. Greater Cleveland, with its solidly built-up business sections; its large manufacturing areas and its far-flung suburban communities east, west and south, occupies a large section of the area to which we have limited this list, thus reducing greatly the areas which are attractive to birds. This means that, although there is still some open country to be found within our boundaries, a large part of the land is devoted to the sites of cities, towns and villages, including manufacturing plants, mills, airports, railway yards, shipping and other indus- tries. Compared with these evidences of human occupancy, farm- ing takes a relatively minor position. The region is situated on that portion of the Atlantic Flyway used in fall by ducks and geese coming from western Quebec and Ontario, Hudson Bay, and northwest Canada, as described by Lincoln.* Certain routes tributary to this flyway converge toward the western end of Lake Erie, thence turn directly east to cross northern Ohio on the way to wintering grounds along the south- ern Atlantic coast. The Lake Erie shore line also constitutes a definite migration route for many of the smaller species of birds. Our regional limits necessitate the omission from detailed con- sideration of the regions of Sandusky Bay, Pymatuning Reser- voir, and Mosquito Creek—places to which Cleveland bird students constantly go. Here occur concentrations of water birds during migration periods, such as we no longer see within our regional boundaries. Our local records now include only the fringes, so to speak, of these great flocks. Yet there are, within our limits, some choice places for the study of bird life. Since these are constantly referred to in the following pages, it will be useful to identify them at the back of the book so that extended reference to them here will be unneces- sary (See pages 193-197). * The Waterfowl Flyways of North America, by Frederick C. Lincoln, U. S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 342, January 1935, pp. 3-4. Definitions and Explanations es ORDER in which the species are listed is that of the Check List of the American Ornithologists’ Union, 4th Edition, and sup- plements. The scientific names have been brought up to date as far as possible, and have been revised by Dr. John W. Aldrich of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The necessity for the employment of subspecifie names in many cases in this list poses a problem in treatment which, in the present state of our knowledge, is difficult of satisfactory solution. In the following pages we have adopted the policy of using sub- specific names when specimens of the subspecies, taken in the region, are at hand; or, in the absence of specimens, when the region is included in the breeding range or usual migration route of such subspecies. When two or more subspecies may possibly occur in the region, and no specimens are at hand, the species name is used. Rare or accidental visitors, not recognizable in the field as sub- species, in the absence of specimens, are listed under species names. In all cases of important records, references are given. If, in such cases, no reference appears, it is understood that its source is the Cleveland Bird Calendar. An exception is made in the case of first and last dates of occurrence. These may be based upon Cleveland Bird Calendar records or other sources. When no spe- cific locality is given, it is understood that the Cleveland region, as defined on page 7, is indicated. The status of the species in the region—that is, its abundance or rarity—is, of course, a matter of opinion based on experience. We hope the following definitions may make clear the terminology adopted for this important information. In this connection, one needs to keep in mind the fact that most birds prefer certain kinds of habitats, and, during the breeding season at least, are usually not found outside the limits of their habitat preference. In such places they may become locally abundant or common, though rare or absent elsewhere. Definitions ABUNDANT—Present in such numbers that the bird can hardly fail to be noticed ; requiring no effort or special search to find it. Example—robin. 10 Common—Present in lesser numbers than indicated by ‘‘abund- ant’’, yet so numerous that it can always be found by looking for it in its preferred habitat. Example—catbird. Nor uncommMon—Present in lesser numbers than indicated by ‘‘eommon’’, not always to be found when searched for, but persistent effort will usually result in finding it. Hxample— pileated woodpecker. UncommMon—Present in such small numbers, either as a perma- nent resident, migrant, or occasional visitor, as to make its appearance uncertain or irregular. Examples—ruffed grouse, upland plover. RarRE—Present only occasionally and so limited in occurrence that its appearance cannot be predicted with certainty. Examples—- red ecrossbill, Bohemian waxwing. ACCIDENTAL—Present so irregularly as to be accounted for only as the result of accidental causes. Examples—gannet, little gull. Terms expressing relative abundance may be limited by locality (as hooded warbler—a summer resident species), or by time (as olive-backed thrush—a migrant). It may be useful also to define a few other terms used in the list, such as the following: THE LETTERS CMNH stand for Cleveland Museum of Natural History. AVERAGE—The word ‘‘average’’ as applied to dates of arrival or departure means average first or average last date over a period of years. Very early or very late dates, although given for the sake of the record, are relatively unimportant, since they are not typical of regular migratory movements. The height of abundance or time when the species is regularly present in maximum numbers is far more significant. PERMANENT RESIDENT—The species is present throughout the year, although migration may also take place. Example—blue jay. SuMMER ResipeENt—Present as a breeding species throughout the summer, as well as a migrant in spring and fall. Example— redstart. Micrant—Present only in spring and fall as a transient. More or less regular in occurrence, however. Example—whistling swan, hermit thrush. Visitror—Present more or less as a wanderer. May be regular in occurrence (as tree sparrow), or irregular (as Iceland gull). 11 W: MAKE NO APOLOGY for the inclusion of many sight records herein. The editor is of the opinion that the time has long since passed when a good sight record of a clearly recognizable species must be ignored because the bird in question was not shot and reported ‘‘collected’’ as a spe duly identified by a profes- sional ornithologist. Modern bird study in the field nh produced, in the case of many amateurs, a truly amazing facility in the identification of living birds in their native haunts. Equipped with modern binoculars and ‘‘spotting’’ telescopes; aided by authoritative handbooks; and qualified by much field experience, many amateurs have developed techniques and skills in the identification of birds in the field that were unknown a generation or so ago. Their carefully considered reports, we think, are worthy of credence. Good examples of such reporting in this book are the records of the yellow-crowned night heron (page 20) and the little gull (page 70). Fortunately, Cleveland has a remarkably able corps of amateur bird observers, many of whose names appear frequently in connec- tion with the records given herein. W;: PREDICT a long period of usefulness for this list. While we cannot claim that it is by any means complete at the present time, we can say that it does represent a careful compilation and inter- pretation of all available records. Considering the number of people who are, or have been, students of birds in the Cleveland region, we are reasonably sure that there must be many an inter- esting or important record which has not come to our attention. The editor, or any officer or member of the Kirtland Bird Club, will welcome at any time suggestions or important additional records from anyone interested in making a future edition of this list more complete and authoritative than the first issue. Holding strictly to the answering of the questions set forth on page 5 has precluded descriptive writing. It has been difficult at times to keep descriptive matter out, particularly in connection with nesting data. The opportunity to do this is reserved, we hope, for some future publication on the nesting habits of the birds of the Cleveland region, a project in which the Kirtland Bird Club solicits the cooperation of all bird students within the region. NorE—A_ historical summary of ornithological interest in the region will be found on pages 185 to 192. 12 Birds of the Cleveland Region Order GAVIIFORMES Family GAVIIDAE (Loons) GREATER COMMON LOON-Gavia immer immer (Brunnich) Two forms of the common loon (this and the following) occur in the region. Since they are practically indistinguishable in the field, we include here all records for ‘‘common loon’’ not verified by specimens, which we have. Status—Common migrant; uncommon winter visitor. EARLIEST SPRING DATE—March 1, 1947. Prax or NumBErs— cichsscstuccn ee 30 MALUA MOOT ceccssssrrsssssssseee 31 UOUSINEVUG —iccvecssncun eee 31 B Bald pate sicccccscscsscccnciioce a 27 Bartramia longicauda veces 56 Bittern, AMEVICAN ........ccccccscccsseee 20 Frastern Least occ 21 Blackbird, Rusty «...c.-<.0ee 152 Bluebird, Hastern. .....0..ccscscccccc 115 Bobohink (i... 5.0.0 148 Bobwhite, Eastern ou... 46 Bomby calla COArOLWM. .eccssssee 119 GArrUlUs PALlrArCePS recess 118 Bombyeillidae. ............22=ee 118 Bonasa umbellus monticola...... 46 Botaurus Lent GanOsus .eccosssorn 20 Brant, American %,.....2.2 24 Branta dernicla Wrotd.ccccrcom 24 CANACENSIS UNEECTION casseesssssseeen 23 Bubo virgimanus virgimanus 78 204 Bucephala Ald Cola rrcescsssssssssssssseee 33 CLAN GUA AMETICANG ooecessssscsssoe 32 MPEG (Ecchi chan ctsnees 33 coeppienecad: ee 33 Bunting, Eastern Snow........... Live 2) Co) gee ee 157 oT gee aie a 164 Buteo jamaicensis borealis...... 41 LAG OPUS S. JORANNAS. .ecvrsscrsssssssee 42 VAMCATUS UNECATUS ceesessssssssssseee 41 platypterus platypterus......... 42 Butorides virescens virescens 19 4 Calamospiza melanocorys .....164 Calcarius lapponicus 2 176 2 ES ee 176 Calidris CONUTUS PUP Acces 59 Ee ae 31 Capella gallinago delicata........ 5D oan oh 82 Caprimulgiformes oe 82 Caprimulgus vociferus a 82 Cardinal, Hastern 2000 155 Carpodacus purpureus Se a 159 Casmerodius albus egretta..... 17 LIE ea eee 109 Cathartes aura SEPTENELIONGIIS rcreessssssssssssie 38 A 2 hi ae 38 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus TOSS Groce 58 Centurus carolinus zebra........... 87 Certhia famiiaris americana 103 Page @erthnidiaer ee 103 CAaCEULA PELAGICA cevcessssrsssssssssseee 83 Charadrindge 028. 2. 51 Charadrinitormege 2452.3. 51 Charadrius hiaticula SOMMUPALINATUS oorsccercssssorcssssones 52 melodus circumecinctus ......... 51 VOCUFETUS VOCIPETUS cesses 52 Chat, Yellow-breasted. .............. 143 Chen COCTUleSCONS veces 25 hyperborea hyperborea......... 25 Chickadee, Eastern Black- (Fe 0) 0110 [ERAS art Nenu Cor Nt 101 Northern Carolina. ................. 101 Chlidomas niger surinamensis 72 Chondestes grammacus I GIVUONGOUS Ss lsesiestrsnsteosorioeasit 168 Chordetles minor minor.......... 83 TUVIUON SOCMVOEEUD. ooccccssssssrsssriossscess 83 CXCOMIMGAC cere ts ccs ianiin ue 21 CICOMITEOTIM ES io occectecel see 17 Circus cyaneus hudsonius..... 44 Cistothorus platensis SUCHGUIS . tccrtit teks 108 Clangula NyYeMalts wcrc 33 Coccyzus americanus GNUCTICCTAUS) 2 ei ccciascdesesncs 76 CLYERTOPTNAMUS cressssssssssesesssssees 76 Colaptes auratus borealis......... 86 GWGUUS VUECUS ceerscssscsessssssssessees 86 Colinus virgimanus VU GUNAGIVUS cevsssssssssssssssssssssrsssees 46 COVA, COUT: evecsscssesssssosssssossssessizee 73 MCNAIR AS sc cscssssacnalondacsbsssnsittec 73 COLELOT IMCS coascscctensdacssnssosocsnsssvese 73 (312) 5 2111 3) (6 | eater 14 (300) 5g 11) 078 0) 9 1 Se 14 205 Page B Page ColyMdus AUTUUUS ecssecsrsssssserssee 14 Dendrocopos pubescens caspicus CalifOrnicus seem 15 Rene snnnsssdonbensses 89 grisegend ROLDEWLE surinomnnne 14 VULOSUS VITLOSUS ceescsrsrrssmsssionsese 89 ae : 94 Dendroica auduboni ed ae ce OUAUDON, ois pe 4 Conuropsis carolinensis caerulescens caerulescens 131 POVUCUONUS saassenonenessssssscoessseen 75 ete COSTONCE Piscine 136 Coot, y ee ae wae 51 COPULCD echo 133 COvAaCH LOTS ecccsscsscssscssssssesssssesen 85 caronata coreiett ae 131 age Northern COTONAEA NOOVETA cecsssresssssereeee 132 | OUble-Crested. woes 16 discblor: diseplor ae 138 COPVIGAC ernnnennnnnnnenninnnnns 99 BOMIUNACA ALD WOT, csssrreresesssseee 134 Corvus brachyrhynchos FUSCA cevissscissssennncnce 134 URC CRIDIITCNES testieas 100 BIHAR nnn 137 COPAL PYUNCUPAIS smn 100 WG TOU secoscccnec 130 Coturnicops noveboracensis WAGTCSCONS Soorrircossertscncte 132 NOVEDOLACENSIS caessosssssssssssessees 50 palmarum. PALMALTWM. vce 138 Cowbird, Hastern wenn 153 PONSYLUDMACA ceescsrsecrsssrtsresrtrsen 135 Crane, Sandhill 2.02 cee 48 MeteChid, WESTHVG -ecmesossmnneee 130 Creeper, Eastern Brown.........103 UMUS PUNUS ceesrsrsetscrsrsrsrsrenenes 136 Cr OCOTR IG CLD cereccssesecrcssssssnsssseesenre 64 striate’ Lc 136 Crossbill, Eastern Red........... 162 TCUQT UNG cesisresisecsssnerssaaict eee 131 NVihite-waneed) | ese se 163 Ps es ae sie i Gaye aatern eeene t ae 100 ickcisse senna : DolachonyX OTYZWOPUS rseossereee 148 Cuckoo, Black-billed uu... 76 Dove, Eastern Mourning 74 Yellow-billed nnn 1% Rock 73 Cuculidae ta .5 Ge eee 76 Dowitcher, Hastern ...cccccccecc 61 Cuculiftormes: 42... ee 76 Dryocopus pileatus abieticola 86 Curlew, Eskimo vemmnnecnnnee 56 Duck, Black Sa eae 26 GUI 56 Pea SCAT ener cence “ L billed 56 Lesser S@aWp. csnccus:nsmeeene 32 ong ille oe vasa Ringaecked 30 Cyanociita cristata bronua..... 99 Rudy cetacean 36 CY GNUs DUCCUNAEON rrsesessssssressn 23 Wood .......0-e 99 COLUMDUANUS cessssrsssssssssserssssssssssssee 22 Dumetella carolinensis onc... 109 206 . 22 EA 510) (6 (os 1 43 Merener Bald - 0 43 Ectopistes migratorws ccc. 75 Meret, American en... 17 SLA ae 18 Rider, American .........—...... 34 _ US eee a 34 Elanoides forficatus forficatus 39 Empidonax flaviventris ......... 92 7 TT ee a eee 93 UE 0) a 93 ise eee 92 Eremophila alpestris alpestris 95 GUPESETAS ROYER onecccssssssssssssscsseree 95 Apestrrs PrAtrCOla. .ecessossssesreee 96 BUPPMMEECS MBUTE ..ccccscseccissssisssncccn 62 EE a he 62 Erolta al pind pact ficd.eccoccoeecee 61 Rr Ws 3 oY 60 INE sctnesecoste intestine 60 A a D9 OE Es ee ee 60 MMMM ccc hasctasinscipsskpvninrsasobl 61 EUphagus COPOUNUS rrceossssseeen 152 F Falco columbarius COPUTUDOTV US: ssccstrssocssossovrssesesi 45 PEL EGTINUS CNAEWIN eesssssrsssseee 45 SPATVETIUS SPATVETIUS wesssesen 45 8 2 i ee 45 Os 38 Finch, Eastern Purple................ 159 A 86 _ ES [one 86 Florida caerulea caerulez......... 18 Page Flycatcher, Acadian... 92 NTO re Man S oc eescactcacscccet 93 LI SETS ee er Sern tee Weer 93 Northern Crested. ou... 91 Olarve-side hg. cstec sacstcelinc ue 95 Welllow-belllted. .ncsnecece.c. 92 Bieimontladaer ccc4. 2s. ee aes 155 Fulica americana DMN OTVCHWG srcscsteesccscraents 51 G Grady las oe a 26 Galitormese Wee 46 Gallinula chloropus CUCTUNTMINS: ncn 50 Gallimule, Morida -..4..6..— 50 GLa bs Sues testers note hashes 16 GAVIA UNME C1ASSON,. vercrssssverseeeee 13 UNINC VINAMET. occcosccsosstecccransctoe 13 SEOUUREO. ee eed oats 14 Caitd der ret ne iene Ue 13 GaviiOrmes fe. 13 Gelochelidon milotica aranea T1 Geothlypis trichas DIOCRAACEYLO aseeveessssssssssvsssees 143 Gnateatcher, Blue-gray .......... 116 Godwit, Hudsonian ...wu000.. 63 Wirepledeer wes at on Bo. ie 63 Goldeneye, American. ................. 3y4 ELITR ORVB) estes sos ettesiceel svete set 33 Goldfinch, Hastern wees 161 (ES Of; (ceeat lb Sa ren vee en ee ea 25 GE SSCL OMOW ec dccstsnsntos ee. 25 Wrreava Canada oc csscccccsscsss 23 VITO EV OMT oi ciscscsccscsnnscecsectes 24 Goshawk, Hastern .0....ccccssssen 39 207 Grackle, Bronzed wuss: 152 Grebe, HaPOM :.csccccissessiaceoasten te: 3155 Hotboell’s 208 eee 14 15: (C0) a6 nae eo eae cree 14 Pied-billled (i203... eee il Grosbeak, Canadian Pine .....160 Hastern Blue 3222 156 Eastern Evening ou. 158 Rose-Dreasted oo.cceecccccccssssscsssseseeee 156 Grouse, Appalachian Ruffed 46 Gruidae 2.52 n ts ok Cline 48 Gruitormes ..0u0se e 48 Grus CANAAENSS FADIA. ..cccecce 48 Guraca caerulea caerulea.....156 Gull, American Herring......... 68 Bonapartess essen 8 hades 70 Arey rs Kel Taha aes i eae 69 GiaCOUS fuk een arnee 67 Great Black-backed................ 67 HMC EGR ai te re ee anaes, comer 70 Northern Iceland 0000000. 67 hine-billeds ae ese eee 69 Sabie eo he alee ee a H Haliaeetus leucocephalus WOASNANGTONA cooscssssvrrssseessersessee 43 Hawk, American Marsh.......... 44 American Rough-legged ..... 42 Broad-WiN Ged ccecssscsssccctessssssseee 42 COOD Eris oii ae 40 I BDU) epeuers nena openviesc Marae nen tet OE 45 Master Pigeon 2.02. 45 Eastern Red-tailed 000000... 41 Hastern Sparrow occ 45 Northern Red-shouldered...... 41 Sharp-shinned ........ccccsssessn 39 Page Helmitheros verMmivo rus. cccon 127 Heron, Black-crowned Night 19 Eastern Great Blue................. 17 Haastern GYeen wien 19 Little Blute .........:0.e 18 Northern Yellow-crowned Night ...iscc.i00.0 20 Hesperiphona vespertina VESPCTIING .......42.25 ee 158 Himantopus Mexicans occ. 64 Hyundimdae 5 eee 96 Hirundo rustica erythrogaster 98 Hummingbird, Ruby- throated 0... 0.23 84 ETYArOPTOGNe CASPIA werreesseeein {2 Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens. ......0: ee 114 fuscescens SalicrCOld eccecoo. 115 guitata faxonr.........0ee 12 MANVING MAMMAL rvvvrrsssssssereresseee 114 MUSECUING ooccccccnteesctc 112 ustulaia alae... 114 USTULATA SWAINSONA aoc 113 I Ibis, Eastern Glossy... 22 W000 vice. oe 21 TCbert VITENS VITENSvrrccccsssseessee 143 Teteridae «sic. 148 Teterus QQU0UWE. cicnc.sueeeeee 151 SPUTIUS inimont 150 Tridoprocne DrCOlOr wrrrrcrecssssssssee 96 Taobrychus exrlrs C2 0las.rrcueonn 21 J JACLEL, PALASITIC ....ccccesssssssssssnneesee 66 Poma4Tine ..icicaccskecte ee 65 208 Jay, Northern Blue.................. 99 Junco hyemalis hyemalis........168 TOE CER OTR Rennes ae 169 ame OTePOR. 2) sic clon 169 eiebee COIOPEGy hl sco. 168 K Killdeer, Northern wu... 52 Kingbird, Arkansas... Sit _ i So ee ee nee 90 Kingfisher, Eastern Belted...... 85 Kinglet, Eastern Golden- ee 116 Eastern Ruby-crowned .....117 Kite, Swallow-tailed ow... 39 Kittiwake, Atlantic wo. 70 2 ee 59 L 0 4S Se 119 Lanius excubitor borealis.......119 lUudovicianus MAGTANS 0.0.1... 120 Ji Re ee 67 Lark, Hoyt’s Horned................ 95 Northern Horned 0... 95 ueiia oaaligit te 96 Larus argentatus SMUENSONVANUS veessrsessssssssssssre 68 DOLAWOATENSAS essrrsvcssesssssssesccersesssese 69 hyperboreus hyperboreus 67 leucopterus leucopterus ...... 67 ELE SO SE ee ee 67 OE ee 70 EL LT 70 TOSS | a ee en ee 69 Leucophoyz thula thula........... 18 Inmnodromus griseus griseus 61 Page TA MNOSUMiCCODPR I <8 a Bile, 63 EGO MUESTUCOE fa sstdntccesnceatesl nd 63 EOotpes TODGIUSA knoe ho 65 Konespur, Eapland) 200... 176 SIMS eee ee en te es 176 Loon, Greater Common.............. 13 Lesser Common o.ccecccccssccsce 13 Red=throated s)he o 2 14 Lophodytes CUCUUAtus verre. 36 Loxia curvirostra MAN?P.....0...- 162 Leucoptera Leucopter a ou... 163 M Mallard: ‘Common: sn..cc0h..cca. 25 MGPOCO DMETACWNG, coscccerresssssserrense 2d [OO CLDCO Moe en eee eS 27 Maritim, Paprplle i..:2tc eee. 99 Meadowlark, Eastern. .............. 148 Western fay ee ie ed 149 Megaceryle alcyon alcyon........ 85 Melanerpes erythrocephalus CLYERTOCEDRALUS esesssssssssseeee 88 Melanrtta Ae ghamds ccc 34 AD OWS IOUCU VAG Os ons. ssesrctecessctletoeessestoe 30 MSICACTIGIGAC: eicscccceilescccsesceense 47 Meleagris gallopavo silvestris 47 Melospiza georgiana OL OTAN CAST pee Ee ea oe 174 GCOTGUANA JCOVTGUANG cressesseeees 174 EANCOUNAA VANCOUNAL crevsesssssorsssses 173 MELOAIA CUPNONU ecesssssssssseee 175 Merganser, American ................. oT ENO GEC zspiiictectegt iheeslisnebiceede 36 1216 Bl 0) 2x2 <1 =) 6 oe Sul Mergus merganser GIMETICOMUS: S titstaccecsaeiccie Oo” SEFVALOL SETTOLOP crccssssnen 37 209 Page Page Micropalama himantopus ....... C2 DEUS ASTO NOCVUUS svrrssssorrensnerse 78 Vi ae ye ee eae 108 Ovenbird, Eastern ee 139 Mimus polyglottos Newfoundland 25.20 140 DOUVQLOLLOS es 108 Owl, American Barn cece 77 MENACE VOT UA caacssevvvsresssvseseecssssssoseoee 125 American Hawk ae 79 Mockingbird, Eastern .........0u.« 108 Hastern Screech wccssen 78 Molothrus aber QbCr recess 153 Great GLA. vecmccnnncecnneee 80 MOUS DOSSQWUS cnc 16 Great Hormed 1a 78 Motacillidae .ucc02e eee 117 Long-eared semaine 80 Nourse “Brunnichys 20s 73 Northern Batted. 79 MY CECTUA DMETICANA. eceessssssssssesseee 21 Sawavhet 21 Myrarchus crinttus boreus...... 91 Short-eared ...2 81 SDOWY sien 79 N Oxyura jamacensis rubrda...... 36 Nighthawk, Eastern... 83 SCMMEEC GS x. ure cesarean eae 83 P Numenius americanus ‘ INET ICHNUS cecessscssrssscrsscssscee 55 Pandion haliaetus DOCS Te ee eee 56 carolonensts a acataeill = IAGIOETOTS TITIIOENS. cance 56 Pandionidae ARE 5, 44 Naiebateh |lectern White: Paridae o.oo 101 breasted 0205 c ee 102 Paroquet, Louisiana ......u0.. 15 Redancactcdie eee 103 Parula americana pusilla........129 Nuttallornis borealis ............. 95 Parulidae: 20 ee 125 Nyctanassa violacea violacea 20 Parus atricapillus NY CECU SCONGUACO oeecscsesscsrressssscce 0) BOERS DUES carrnrnrnnnrnnnn We Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli 19 DICOLOI nee ee cnn 102 COYOLUNENSIS EXTIMUS oeccessssen 101 re) Passer domesticus domestics ee 147 Oidemia mgra americana.......... 39 Passerculus sandiicnenee Oldsquaw beensa nite ee 02 eet i SUE 33 labradorius 2. Se 165 OMOTOVMAS AGUAS vecctsscdictutcc.. 142 sandwichensis oblitus ............. 165 formosus SAF ye neaneit ca retain AR 142 SANAWICKENSIS SAVANNA coves. 164 philadelphia PR AEE NR en Ome on Pn Ro 142) Passerella Uacd Widced reco. 1% Oniole; Baltimore iiiiscd.ace 151 = Passerherbulus henslowii Ox ela eye a a te 150 henslowi 2a ee 166 Osprey, AMETICAN. occ 44 = PasgerifOrMeS .ccsssssmernane 90 210 POSSETUNG CYDMNMEG Woiieesesssserssreeeesssnsen 157 BEISEABIFOFMES .oiccicccccccceccnne 16 Petrochelidon pyrrhonota PUTER OWOCE Le ccccssctncsces 98 Pewee, Eastern Wo0d...........00 94 PRHAIACTOCOTACIG AE oo... ccssecoseseneee 16 Phalacrocorax auritus aurttus 16 Phalarope, Northern. .................. 65 eee Re ee 64 DUR SaE eri 65 0: 64 Phalaro pus fuUlrCar wus escocsessessen 64 I 46 Phastanus COUCKACUS .eececcccssecsssren 47 Pheasant, Ring-necked ............... 47 Pheucticus ludovicitanus -eeccss.. 156 PRAONELE MANO covsressssssssssssssssseere0n 54. Phoebe, Eastern cscs 91 GLU itt 2 86 0 86 a VN ae oe 90 Pimeon, Passenger 0... ccc. 75 Pinicola enucleator leucura 160 PRET, ATAGCEUCADL occ cccsscsccessseooses 28 Pipilo erythrophthalmus CYYTRTOPRTRALMUS rrevvsveeee 163 AE ATICTICATT oiisscccecsscsssesrssssee 117 PUTONGA OVVACEE rreessssssssssssesssssenre 154 SUL a 155 Plectrophenax nivalis SOLES! ee id Plegadis falcinellus LCE CLUS Le scsiccsccessssasanicte poe 22 ee a ae 147 Plover, American Golden......... 53 ee 51 Page Black-bellied oc ssssssnssee: D3 Semmpalmated! a0... 52 I 2 he il a 56 Pluvialis dominica dominica 53 Podilymbus podiceps POONCO DS tin ee 15 Polioptila caerulea caerulea 116 Pooecetes gramineus OROMUNEUS ae ne eens 167 POTZGUG COTOWNG on. kecen eed 50 Progne Subis SUDIS ccs: 99 Protonotaria citreg. 2 125 Psittacidade <.6 eee ris) Psibtacwiormeg 25 )cccee ee M5 e Quiscalus quiscula versicolor 152 R 152721 ial 00 ee 49 Gi ON es a Ac Le, 49 ce O eee 3 oe ee lls ae 50 ] 2111 (6 ie ee eR Rc oe Aer ERY 49 Rallus elegans Clegans ccc 49 lamicola™ limicola 1.28... 49 haven, INOriHerm j.2.ece. 100 FRECULVIPOSTVICAC: ohecissccccscasenen 64 TVCOINCAC, tan e e 30 kedpoll) Common 22.2... 160 Redstart, AMECVICAN uu. 146 Redwing, Hastern ...ccccccscccssssee. 149 S12 10 eg ee Ml a ees an eee ee 150 Regulus calendula calendula 117 SCELOIG SOMTOPD ceecrssssssssssesssssssin 116 211 Richmondena cardinalis COTOUNQUS Gocsccctcuctsae 155 Rvparr SUPA CUP. ..ccccssscee 96 Rissa tridactyla tridactyla..... 70 Robin, Black-backed .................. il WEASTELI® J oosces cusses eee 110 S Sanderiine ys eee 64 Sandpiper, Baird’s wc 60 Buff-breasted wc 63 HMastern Solitary 22.8002. DT Meadst evict ls ae eae 61 IPECEOR AL iin nee ee 60 PUTO leer ee ee ee 59 Red-backed 505 ee. 61 Semipalmated cecccsecccssssssecsee 62 SpOtte daae it Srna anaes 57 SUTe Cetera | ete 62 - NVieStETIN Seman eee 62 White-rumped. occ 60 Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied ..... 88 SQYOr nts PROEDE ccsssssssssssssssessssen 91 Scolopacidae 2.2) 54 SCOLOPAL TUSTACOLA ecreesssssssssssseen 54 Scoter, AMETICAN wesc 35 SUNT nee e Aad ACh ee 30 White-Win ge wo. cccccsssscccssssssssee 34. Sewrus aurocapillus GULOCHDIUUS (on caw neee 139 AUPOCAPUUS FUTULON crosses 140 WMVOLGCULG, 2s laltrnigecie Seat 141 noveboracensis notabilis .....140 Setophaga ruticilla ruticila 146 Dlhoveliler pose) ch ntclanates 29 Page Shrike, Migrant 2. cscs 120 Norther ~...........ancnee 119 Stara srad~s Stas ccrccscsssssseeeseeee 115 Siskin, Northern Pine................ 161 SETH CONAAENSAS ceccssssssssrssessssneeeees 103 COPOLINENSIS COOKED vereeccssssme 102 Sittidae o.oo 102 Snipe, Wilson’s,.... 2 DD Somaterra Mollrssvme cars 34 SpectaDUtS. ..vrsrncin 34 SOLE, csiccessssssetniencd ee 50 Sparrow, Bachman’s .....0.. 168 Churchill Savannah. ........... 165 Eastern Chipping .........000.. 170 Eastern Field ....23 = 171 Eastern 0x: 522 173 Eastern Grasshopper ........... 165 Kastern Lark 2... 168 Eastern Savannah ose 164 Eastern Swamp occ 174 Kastern Tree .........ciqseeee 170 Hastern VeSper onccccccccccccsssssssssee 167 Eastern White-crowned ......172 English’ 3s. 0c. 147 Gambel’s White-crowned 172 Harris’ oocniskcckedo 171 James Bay Sharp-tailed.....167 Labrador Savannah .............. 165 Lincoln’ $s Jhccti:occunee 173 Mississippi SONG wccccssssssseeeee 175 Nelson’s Sharp-tailed_ ......... 166 Western Henslow’s ............. 166 Western Swamp occcccssccsssnen 174 White-throated cece 172 Spatula, CLY Pet erceesssussssersesseeees 29 Sphyrapicus varius varius... 88 212 SPInus PINUS PUNUS ocssosssessseee 161 T MSERS. CP ESEES ce cscstccsinc nance cen HG” Manager, Scarlet of cccre-o.. 154 SPZ@ AMETIUCANA w.rcrrsrnerserencres 157 SUMING A et oe ed 155 Spizella arborea arbored......... iF) Veal Blue-wimgeds.2 7... 28 PASSETING PASSETING wee 170 Green-wanged: 2 vec te ts 28 RE AS) |) Sr 171 Telmatodytes palustris Squatarola squatarola eecccccco: da DISSUCPUWS: eine ct i scheint 107 2 15S ee ie ee uPAll Menerimabi Vela sees 8 facet 10 eee ne 79 ST CGano pus EVICOLON eecevsccscccssccsvee 65 Caspian eek et 72, Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Common kd. wo seek 2 SEPT EPCMNIS i scscccinsnsinn 97 GR SHEN See ae ea Galt oii 65 CFT ey Geen een val Stercorarwus PArAsttiCus o.com 66 BROS CAbeN eee seeder dh ee 72 TUNES ccs Soe Netraomidael. 26.00 46 Sterna dougallu dougallii......... 72 Thrasher, Eastern Brown.....110 NL a a er ean a Hhnaapidac. ane see 154. PATUNndo RrUNdO o.recrerreee 72 Threskiornithidae ccc 22 Stilt, Black-necked ....................... 64 Thrush, Eastern Hermit.......... 112 Strigidae is set SE ee ee Beene 78 Eastern Olive-backed ........ 113 LI 4 Gray-Cheeked omecccccsseme 114 Strix nebulosa nebulosaa ............ 80 RVicareeni Olin backed. 114 VAPTD VATU vor ee Wyllie ee Oe 115 Sturnella magna magni... 148 AI Cocy 8 cosa ye ae ed Ue tele AM anets 2 A oo i tins stein 149 Thryomanes bewickii altus....106 UIE icc ispsadbtsrycecnene it Fi opera ne Dr Een re : yothorus Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris.....121 IUCOVICUANUS evvcsrsssrssrsisssseiees 107 Sulidae A ae ib Mfmouse Tutted: «1. 102 ee ie a ee ee Ee ioranus WOUIDCS ee 59 Swallow, American Bank........ 96 35. i 98 SE CUS astra a Mee Bearh wired... 97 Towhee, Red-eye .....cssssseesee: 163 Northern Cliff eso 8 SORA Oe UH eee a > 2 Se gg Tringa solitaria soltarce...... o” Swan, Trumpeter ooccccccccue fae 1 Wi(a(G) (aI Fe aI aera Meeeme eer eerie 84 en 92, Troglodytes aedon aedon...........104 eurtte, CHUMNCY oe 83 GEAOW OGL CWLWG circctsnesitccecns: 104 “A as 116 troglodytes NieMalts ......... 105 213 Page PTOCLOMYAICAC incre escicoe 104 Tryngites SUBDrUPICONIS ....ececsoon 63 Mumcidacet ees ae etn eens 110 Turdus nugratorius MIUGUGLOTAUS eee eee 110 MIGKAtOTIUS NUGTUAECUS seessoseee 111 Murkey, “Mastern ieee 47 Murmstone, Ruddy: 2... 54 Myrannidae: 28) eee, 90 TYTANNUS TYTANNUS crrsssssssssssseeeen 90 CN UCCUL UST pers cee tee ieee on Tyto alba pratancola occ {i Ayton Aer e cult cone a oe ea U Orr LOMVIA LOMVUM cerceecscssssssseeee 73 Vv Veery pe last. ees on CUR 114 Vermivora celata celata............ 129 CHGUSODLCTU a an eee 127 LOW ENCEV ees pak ea ea 128 LEUCODLONCHAAIIS rrcsssssssssersseeee 128 DET EGUUILG aintene ere ae, See 128 PUTS ak: OBE a rede eee sake 127 ruficapila ruficapilla. ........... 129 Vireo, Blue-headed uu. 123 Eastern Warbling ................... 124 Northern White-eyed ........... 122 ehaladelp hia keen ree es 124 RMedseyediei ae aU ey 123 Yellow-throated o...ccccccccccsccsn 122 Varco flOUUinONs: eco 122 GUUUSIGUUUS ec ee 124 GTISEUS NOVEDOTACENSIS «0.0.1... 122 OVWVOCOUS cesssersotsornsescnctt 123 philadelpimcus .......0nen 124 SOUUTATIUS SOVUEATIUS ceessessssssseee 123 ViIPCONIGAC otcu0 122 Vulture, Eastern Turkey......... 38 WwW Warbler, Alaska Myrtle.......... 132 Audubon’s =... 132 Bay-breasted onc ecesssccccssececee 136 Black and White... 125 Blackburnian <2... en 134 Black-poll .....2..12.5. 136 Black-throated Blue .............. 131 Black-throated Gray .......... 132 Black-throated Green. ........... 133 BlU@-WIN GE. waccecscscccsssssssessesseneeee 127 Brewster’s 20.2.2. 128 Canada cc 146 Cape- May \.......c00nc ee fle Cerulean. 2 133 Chestnut-sided. o..csssnessecseenen lee Connecticut 2... 32a 142 Eastern Yellow wise 130 Golden-Win ged wccccccssseccce 12 Hooded: 22.024 144 Kentucky o.cc..2c.ce eee 142 Kirtland’s~..... 137 L@WTLENGCE’S —rccidenccun ee 128 Maenolia.............0ccneee 130 Mourning .......000..00 eee 142 Myrtle: ..cci..ccciGeheeeeeee 131 Nashville ...... 2 129 Northern Parla occ 129 Northern Pine... 136 Northern Prairie ......0...- 138 214 Page Oran ge-CLOWMNE oocccscossssssssssee 129 PrQehoOnotary ~ cca 125 SOU ee 134 LST SNS 128 (| ESET Ta a 1: rrr 138 ° S01 145 | Se 127 Waterthrush, Grinnell’s ........ 140 INP a Focaccia 141 Waxwing, Bohemian ............... 118 tL 2D ee eee 119 Whip-poor-will, Eastern. ........ 82 Widgeon, European ou. Parl \ UE GS a 58 Wilsonta CANAAENSIS essen 146 RMRNESN Se cc ss tess: 144 UL 145 Woodcock, American ................ 54 re 54 Woodpecker, Arctic oT ee tt i 90 oa a by 89 Eastern Red-headed .............. 88 Northern Downy oss 89 Northern Pileated ou. 86 Western Red-bellied .............. 87 Wren, Appalachian ] ESR 1 Cc a en 106 Hasterm OElOUSe: Seec 104 Hastern Winter ooccccccccccsssecssss 105 Northeastern Long-billed WALT a Vie a a poate re ee 107 Northern Carolina ................ 107 Olio; House ee 104 Short-billed Marsh... 108 X XEMA SADINA SADINAG coerce 71 Y Yellowlegs, Greater ou 58 ESS CT Eire eer ls eres 59 Yellowthroat, Northern CPOmMAMOM 8 cede canehiahiate 143 Z Zenmdura macroura COT OUIMENSIS iiccccssssscsssestiesss 74 Zonotrichr~a ALD COIS coeccccccoccsssee 172 Leucophrys Gamobelad vec. 172 leucophrys leucophrys ......... 172 (ONLY ABUL (nee ee re te Oe Ae 171 215 ry - e, ie AD Tx - i“! ‘ YDITIONS OR CORRECTIONS , 8 ADDITIONS OR CO A he ae see om, | Us i. 74 eo Re | a eee mare SMITHSONIAN N LLL i 3 9088 00698 8505