Smithsonian Institution
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Alexander Wetmore

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MUCHOS
Mod THE HiRDS
Birds” 4

OF THE

Pee lTICuT VALLEY

IN MASSACHUSETTS /

By WM. W. COLBURN AND ROBERT O. MORRIS.

SPRINGFIELD: Libpanes

1891.

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PREFACE.

The following list contains the names of the birds of the
Connecticut-Valley in Massachusetts, so far as they are known
to the authors, either by personal observation or from consult-
ing the works of the ornothologists who have described the
birds of New England.

The works of Allen, of Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, of
Coues, of Minot, of Samuels and of Stearns have been freely
used. We have also availed ourselves of the experience of
such collectors as E. O. Damon of Northampton, Bradley
Horsford and O. B. Deane of Springfield.

The nomenclature is that adopted by the American Orni-
thologists’ Union, and the numbers attached to the names in
this list correspond to the numbers in the ‘‘ Check-list of North
American Birds,”’? published by the Union in 1889. Mr. Morris
has had the supervision of that part of the list which contains
the birds of prey and the waterbirds, and Mr. Colburn has had
charge of the remainder of the list.

We do not claim that the list is perfect. Further observa-
tion will doubtless necessitate changes in the direction of
addition, if not of elimination.

Although we have prepared this list for our own use, and
not for general publication, we shall have a few copies, which
we will gladly give to any one who may desire to obtain them.

W. W. CoLBuURN.
R. O. MoRRIS.

SPRINGFIELD, MASS.,
April 15, 1891.

BIRDS OG THE.CONNBCTICUT VALLEY

54.

£0,

IN MASSACHUSETTS.

Colymbus Holboellii. HOLBOELL’S GREBE. Rare
fall migrant.

Colymbus Auritus. HORNED GREBE. Some au-
tumns, tolerably common.

Podilymbus Podiceps. PIED-BILLED GREBE. Com-
mon summer resident.

Urinator Imber. Loon. Common migrant.

Alle Alle. DovEKIE. Rare visitor, but has been
taken here on several occasions; supposed to
have been driven from the coast by a storm.

Larus Marinus. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL.
Common in spring and fall.

Larus Argentatus. HERRING GULL. Common
in spring and fall.

Larus Delewarensis. RING-BILLED GuLL. Tol-
erably common in spring and fall.

Sterna Hirundo. ComMoN TERN. Very rare;
we have known of but one specimen being
taken here; that, in September, 1878.

106.

120.
129.
130.
131.

132.

133.

135.

137.

139.

6

Oceanodroma Leucorhoa. LEACH’S PETREL. Oc-
casionally found, having been driven inland
during severe storms. Several have been seen
here together.

Phalacrocorax Dilophus. DOUBLE-CRESTED Cor-
MORANT. Rather rare migrant.

Merganser Americanus. AMERICAN MERGANSER.
Abundant winter resident; may breed.

Merganser Serrator. RED-BREASTED MERGAN-
SER. Rare migrant.

Lophodytes Cucullatus. HooDED MERGANSER.
Tolerably common migrant.

Anas Boschas. Mattarp. Although usually
considered rare in New England, we have found
them tolerably common upon the Connecticut
River in spring and fall.

Anas Obscura. Buack Duck. Common in
spring and autumn; a few remain during mild
winters, and regularly breed here.

Anas Strepera. GADWALL. Very rare; one was
taken near Springfield some years ago.

Anas Americana. BALDPATE. Occasionally com-
mon during migration; we have seen large
flocks here.

Anas Carolinensis. GREEN-WINGED TEAL. Tol-
erably common in autumn.

166.

167.

t

Anas Discors. BLUE-WINGED TEAL. Common
in autumn; may breed.
Spatula Clypeata. SHOVELLER. Rare migrant.

Dajila Acuta. Pintaiu. Tolerably common mi-
grant.

Aiz Sponsa. Wood Duck. Common summer
resident.

Aythya Americana. REDHEAD. A rare mi-
grant; we have taken but one specimen.

Aythya Marila Nearctica. AMERICAN SCAUP
Duck. A common fall migrant.

Aythya Affinis. LesseR Scaup Duck. Abun-
dant some years in the autumn.

Aythya Collaris. Rine-NEcKED Duck. Tol-
erably common fall migrant.

Glaucionetta Clangula Americana. AMERICAN
GOLDEN-EYE. Common winter resident.

Charitonetta Albeola. BUFFLE-HEAD. Tolerably
common migrant.

Clangula Hyemalis. Owup-sqguaw. Rather rare
fall migrant.

Oidemia Perspicillata. SurFScoter. Rare fall
migrant; we have taken but one.

Erismatura Rubida. Ruppy Duck. Some au-
tumns quite common.

169A.

172.
190.
191.

192.

194.
201.
202.

211.

212.

8

Chen Hyperborea Nivalis. GREATER SNow Goose.
Rare; one was wounded and. captured near
Springfield some years ago, and turned loose
with a flock of domestic geese, with which it
remained for several years.

Branta Canadensis. CANADA Goosz. Common
spring and fall migrant.

Botaurus Lentiginosus. AMERICAN BITTERN.
Common summer resident.

Botaurus Hailis. Least Brrtern. Rare; Mr.
HE. O. Damon of Northampton has taken one.
Ardea Occidentalis. GREAT WHITE Heron. A
rare visitor from the south; one was taken in
Hadley, in 1883, and about the same time one

remained in Ludlow for some days.

Ardea Herodias. GREAT BLUE Heron. A tol-
erably common summer resident.

Ardea Virescens. GREEN Heron. Abundant
summer resident.

Nycticorax Nycticoraxz Naevius. BuACK-CROWNED
Nicgut Herron. Common summer resident.

Rallus Longirostris Orepitans. CLAPPER RAIL.

Rare; Mr. Damon has taken one near North-
ampton.

Rallus Virginianus. VIRGINIA Ratt. Common
summer resident.

“ATs a

214.

ald,

221.

239.

240.

Porzana Carolina. Sora. Abundant summer
resident.

Gallinula Galeata. FLORIDA GALLINULE. Rather
rare summer resident; have taken five or six
specimens near Springfield.

Fulica Americana. AMERICAN Coot. A tolera-
bly common migrant.

Philohela Minor AMERICAN Woopcock. OCom-
mon summer resident.

Gallinago Delicata. Witson’s SNIPE. Common
migrant,occasionally remain through the winter.

Macrorhamphus Griseus. DowitcHEeR. Rather
rare migrant.

Tringa Canutus. Knot. Rare; we have taken
but one.

Tringa Maritima. PURPLE SANDPIPER. Rare;
we captured one in November, 1883.

Tringa Maculata. PECTORAL SANDPIPER. Tol-
erably common during fall migration.

Tringa Fuscicollis. WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER.
Irregular fall migrant; occasionally in autumn
large flocks will stop here.

Tringa Minutilla. Least SANDPIPER. Tolera-
bly common migrant

Tringa Alpina Pacifica. Rep-BACKED SAND-
PIPER. Tolerably common fall migrant.

263.

270.

272.

273.

274.

283.

289.

10

Calidris Arenaria. SANDERLING. Rare fall mi-
grant.

Totanus Melanoleucus. GREATER YELLOW-LEGS.
Common spring and fall migrant.

Totanus Flavipes. YELLOW-LEGS. Rure spring
and fall migrant.

Totanus Solitarius. SOLITARY SANDPIPER. Com-
mon fall migrant

Bartramia Longicauda. BRATRAMIAN SAND-
PIPER. Common summer resident.

Actitis Macularia. SPOTTED SANDPIPER. Abun-
dant summer resident.

Charadrius Squatarola, BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER.
Very rare migrant.

Charadrius Dominicus. AMERICAN GOLDEN
PLoveR. Rare fall migrant.

Aegialitis Vocifera. KILLDEER. Common sum-
mer resident, but only found in a few localities.

Aegialitis Semipalmata. SEMIPALMATED PLOVER,
Rare migrant; have taken but one specimen.

Arenaria Interpres. 'TURNSTONE. Rare; have
seen it here only two seasons.

Colinus Virginianus. BoB-wHitE. Common

resident; but sometimes nearly exterminated
during severe winters.

300.

31d.

316.

B27.

ddl.

332.

333.

dd4,

337.

339.

11

Bonasa Umbellus. Rurrep GRousE. Common
resident, some years abundant.

Ectopistes Migratorius. PASSENGER PIGEON.
Formerly very abundant; but since 1876, very
few have been seen here.

\

Zenaidura Macroura. MouRNING Dove. A com-
mon summer resident.

Elanoides Forficatus. SWaLLOW-TAILED KITE.
Very rare; Mr. Damon states that he saw one
near Northampton in 1880.

Circus Hudsonius. Marsh Hawk. Common
summer resident.

Accipiter Veloz. SHARPED-SHINNED Hawk.
Common summer resident.

Accipiter Oooperit. CoopEr’s Hawk. Common
resident.

Accipiter Atricapillus. AMERICAN GOSHAWKE.
ip
Tolerably common winter resident.

Buteo Borealis. -Rep-TAILED Hawk. Tolerably
common resident.

Buteo Lineatus. RED-SHOULDERED Hawk. Com-
mon resident.

Buteo Latissimus. Broap-wIneED Hawk. Tol-
erably common summer resident.

12

3474. Archibuteo Lagopus Sancti-Johannis. AMERICAN

349.

3d2.

dd4.

356,

364,

365.

366.

RoOUGH-LEGGED Hawk. A common winter
resident; Mr. Damon has captured over sixty
of them in one season.

Aquila Chrysaétos. GOLDEN EAGLE. Rare winter
visitor.

Haliaeetus Leucocephalus. BALD EacuE. ‘Tol-
erably common resident.

Falco Rusticolus. GRAY GYRFALCON. Rare;
Mr. Damon captured one in Northampton in
February, 1879.

Falco Peregrinus Anatum. Duck Hawk. Rare
resident; a pair nested in Mt. Sugar Loaf for
many years.

Falco Columbarius. PIezkoN HAwk. Rare spring
and fall migrant.

Falco Sparverius. AMERICAN SPARROW Hawk.
Common summer resident, occasionally here in
winter.

Pandion Haliaétus Carolinensis AMERICAN Os-
PREY. Common summer resident.

Striz Pratincola. AMERICAN BARN Ow... Rare
visitor from the South; one was captured in
Springfield the last part of May, 1868.

Asio Wilsonianus. AMERICAN LONG-EARED OWL.
A common resident.

367.

368.

370.

371.

372.

373.

OVTA.

387,

13

Asio Accipitrinus. SHORT-EARED OwL. <A com-
mon resident; Mr. Damon reports seeing nearly
a hundred of these birds together, on the
meadows in Northampton.

Syrnium Nebulosum. BARRED OwL. A common
resident.

Scotiaptex Cinerea. GREAT GRAY Own. A rare
winter visitor; one was captured in Agawam,
February, 1883.

Nyctala Tengmalmi Richardson. RICHARDSON’S
Ow.u. A rare winter visitor; one was taken in
Windsor some years ago.

Nyctala Acadica. Saw-wHeET Own. A rather
common resident.

Megascops Asiv. SCREECH OwL. A common
resident.

Bubo Virginianus. GREAT HORNED OwL. Com-
mon resident.

Nyctea Nyctea. SNowy Owu. Rather rare and
irregular winter visitor; but owing to its con-
spicuous dress its presence here is quickly noted.

Surnia Ulula Caparoch. AMERICAN HAWK OWL.
Very rare winter visitor. It was taken at Had-
ley in March, 1884.

Coccyzus Americanus. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO.
Rather rare summer resident.

388.

390.

393.

394.

402.

405.

406.

409.

412.

41%.

420.

14

| Coccyzus Erythrophthalmus. BLACK-BILLED

Cuckoo. Common summer resident.

Ceryle Alcyon. BrEttTED KINGFISHER. Regular
summer resident.

Dryobates Villosus. TWatry WOODPECKER. Resi-
dent, more frequently seen in winter than in
summer.

Dryobates Pubescens. Downy WOoOoODPECKER.
Common resident.

Sphyrapicus Varius. YELLOW-BELLIED SAP-
SUCKER. Rather rare, seen more frequently in
spring and fall; the only picarian that is inju-
rious to fruit trees.

Ceophloeus Pileatus. PILEATED WOODPECKER.
Resident. Formerly common, now quite rare.

Melanerpes Hrythrocephalus. RED-HEADED WOOD-
PECKER. Rare and irregular summer resident.

Melanerpes Carolinus. RED-BELLIED Woop-
PECKER. Very rare summer visitor.

Colaptes Auratus. Flicker. GOLDEN-WINGED
WoopPEcKER. Abundant summer resident.
Occasionally seen in winter.

Antrostomus Vociferus. WHIP-POOR-WILL. Com-
mon summer resident.

Chordeiles Virginianus. Nicur Hawk. Com-
mon summer resident.

Ice

423.

428.

444,

452.

AVG.

488.

15

Chaetura Pelagica. CHIMNEY Swirt. Abundant
summer resident.

Trochilus Colubris. RuBy-THROATED HUMMING
Brrp. Common summer resident.

Tyrannus Tyrannus. KINGBIRD. Very common
summer resident.

Myiarchus Crinitus. CRESTED FLYCATCHER.
Rather rare summer resident.

Sayornis Phoebe. PHOEBE. Common summer
resident.

Contopus Borealis. OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER.
Summer resident, irregularly distributed and
not numerous.

Contopus Virens. Woop PEWEE. Common sum-
mer resident.

Empidonax Pusillus Traillii. TRatuw’s Fry-
CATCHER. Rare migrant; a few may breed in
the northern part of this region.

Empidonax Minimus. Least FLYCATCHER. Com-
mon summer resident; frequents orchards and
gardens. )

Cyanocitta Cristata. BLuE Jay. Common resi-
dent.

Corvus Americanus. AMERICAN Crow. Resi-
dent, abundant in summer and not infrequently
seen in winter.

16

494. Dolichonyx Oryzivorus. BOBOLINK. Common
summer resident. Our most brilliant meadow
songster.

495. Molothrus Ater. Cowsirp. Rather common
summer resident.

498. Agelaius Phoeniceus. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD.
Common summer resident.

501. Sturnella Magna. MEADOWLARK. Common sum-
mer resident. A few remain through winter.

506. Icterus Spurius. ORCHARD ORIOLE. Rather rare
summer resident.

507. Ieterus Galbula. BALTIMORE ORIOLE. Common
summer resident.

509. Scolecophagus Carolinus. Rusty BLACKBIRD.
Regular migrant in fall and spring.

511. Quiscalus Quiscula. PURPLE GRACKLE. Com-
mon summer resident.

514. Coccothraustes Vespertina. EVENING GROSBEAK.
Very rare winter visitor. One was killed in
Agawam, March 21, 1890; another in Brimfield
the same year.

515. Pinicola Enucleator. PINE GROSBEAK. Irregu-
lar winter visitor.

517. Carpodacus Purpureus. PuRrpLE Fincu. Com-
mon summer resident. Sometimes seen in
mild winters.

17

521. Loxia Curvirostra Minor. AMERICAN CROSSBILL.
Irregular winter visitor.

522. Loxa Leucoptera. WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL.
| Irregular winter visitor.

528. Acanthis Linaria. Reppouy. Regular winter
visitor.

529. Spinus Tristis. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH. Com-
mon resident.

533. Spinus Pinus. PINE SISKIN; PINE LINNET.
Irregular winter visitor.

534. Plectrophenax MNivalis. SNOWFLAKE; SNOW
BUNTING. Regular winter visitor.

540. Poocaetes Gramineus. VESPERSPARROW. Sum-
mer resident; abundant on hills and dry plains.

D424. Ammodramus Sandwichensis Savanna. SAVANNA
SPARROW. Rare summer resident.

546. Ammodramus Savannarum Passerinus. GRASS-
HOPPER SPARROW. Common summer resident.

554. Zonotrichia Leucophrys. WHITE-CROWNED SPAR-
Row. Rare migrant in spring and fall.

558. Zonotrichia Albicollis. WHITE-THROATED SPAR-
row. Regular and abundant migrant in spring
and fall; a few may breed among the mountains
of this region.

559. Spizella Monticola. TREE Sparrow. Regular
winter visitor.

581.

584.
585.
587.
593.
595.
598.
608.

611.

18

Spizella Socialis. CHIPPING SPARROW. Com-
mon summer resident.

Spizella Pusilla. FIELD SPpARRow. Common
summer resident.

Junco Hyemalis. SLATE-COLORED JUNCO; SNOW-
BIRD. Abundantas a migrant in spring and
fall. It is probable that a few may breed on
the mountains of this region.

Melospiza Fasciata. SONG Sparrow. Regular
summer resident; abundant near water-courses
and on moist ground.

Melospiza Georgiana. Swamp SpaRRow. Reg-
ular summer resident, found in swamps.

Passerella Ihaca. Fox Sparrow. Regular
spring and fall migrant.

Pipilo Hrythrophthalmus. TowHEE; CHEWINK.
Regular summer resident.

Cardinalis Cardinalis. CARDINAL. Very rare
visitor. '

Habia Ludoviciana. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK.
Regular, but not numerous, summer resident.

Passerina Cyanea. Inpigo BuntTING. Common
summer resident.

Piranga Hrythromelas. SCARLET 'TANAGER.
Common summer resident.

Progne Subts. PuRPLE MARTIN. Irregular sum-
mer resident, less numerous than formerly.

612.

613.
614.
616.

69.

621.
624.
627.
628.
629.
636.

637.

19

Petrocheidon Lunifrons. CLirr SwatLow ;
HAVE SWALLow. Common but irregularly dis-
tributed summer resident.

Chelidon Hrythrogaster. BARN SWALtuow.
Abundant summer resident.

Tachycineta Bicolor. TREE SwWALLOW; WHITE-
BELLIED SwWALLow. Regular summer resident.

Clivicola Ripara. BaNkK SwaALLtow. Common
summer resident, irregularly distributed.

Ampelis Cedrorum. CEDAR WAX-WING; CEDAR
Bird; CHERRY Brirp. Common resident ;
more abundant in summer.

Lanius Borealis. NORTHERN SHRIKE. Regular
winter visitor, but not abundant.

Vireo Oliuvaceus. RED-EYED ViIREO. Abundant
summer resident, very generally distributed.
Vireo Gilvus. WARBLING VIREO. Common sum-

mer resident.

Vireo Flavifrons. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO.
Summer resident, not abundant.

Vireo Solitarius. BLUE-HEADED VIREO. Rather
rare summer resident.

Mniotilta Varia. BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER.
Regular summer resident.

Protonotaria Citrea. PROTHONOTARY WARBLER.
Very rare ; one was captured at Northampton
by Mr. Damon.

639.

645.

646.

647.

648.

650.

652.

654.

650.

657.

20

Helmitherus Vermivorus. WoORM-EATING WAR-
BLER. Rare summer resident.

Helminthophila Ruficapilla. NASHVILLE WaR-
BLER. Summer resident, but more numerous
in spring and fall.

Helminthophila Celata. ORANGE-CROWNED WAR-
BLER. Very rare; Mr. Allen reported one
found at Springfield, May 15, 1863.

Helminthophila Peregrina. TENNESSEE WAR-
BLER. Regular, but not abundant migrant.

Compsothiypis Americana. PARULA WARBLER ;
BLUE YELLOW-BACKED WARBLER. Common
summer resident.

Dendroica Tigrina. Cape May WARBLER.
Rare migrant ; reported at Springfield by Mr.
Allen, and at Amherst by Mr. Stearns.

Dendroica Astiva. YELLOW WARBLER. Com-
mon summer resident.

Dendroica Cerulescens. BLACK-THROATED BLUE
WARBLER. Common migrant; a few remain
to breed in this region.

Dendroica Coronata. MYRTLE WARBLER; YEL-
LOW-RUMPED WARBLER. Migrant; numerous
both spring and fall.

Dendroica Maculosa. MaGNnottA WARBLER;

BLACK AND YELLOW WARBLER. Regular mi-
grant.

659.

660.

661.

662.

667.

671.

673.

674.

675.

678.

679.

681.

21

Dendroica Pensylvanica. CHESTNUT-SIDED WAk-
BLER. Common summer resident.

Dendroica Castanea. BAY-BREASTED WARBLER.
Common spring and fall migrant.

Dendroica Striata. BuACK-POLL WARBLER. Reg-
ular migrant.

Dendroica Blackburniea. BLACKBURNIAN WAR-
BLER. Regular, but not numerous, summer
resident.

Dendroica Virens. BLACK-THROATED GREEN
WARBLER. Common summer resident.

Dendroica Vigorsii. Pins WARBLER. Common
summer resident.

Dendroica Discolor. PRAIRIE WARBLER. Rather
rare summer resident.

Sevurus Aurocapillus. Oven Brrp. Common
summer resident.

Serwrus Noveboracensis. Water THRUSH. Reg-
ular as a migrant, and a few remain to
breed.

Geothlypis Agilis. Connecticut Warpier.
Irregular migrant.

Geothlypis Philadelphia. Mourning WARBLER,
Rather rare migrant.

Geothlypis Trichas. Marytann YELLow-
THROAT. Common summer resident.

683.

T04.

705.

O21.

122.

724.

22

Ictertia Virens. YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT. Rare
summer resident ; captured at Northampton by
Mr. Damon.

Sylvania Pusilla. WiILson’s WARBLER. Rather
rare migrant.

Sylvania Canadensis. CANADIAN WARBLER.
Regular summer resident ; not abundant.

Setophaga Ruticilla. AMERICAN REDSTART. Com-
_mon summer resident.

Mimus Polyglottos. Mockinesirp. Rare sum-
mer visitor ; bred near Springfield in 1878; a
pair visited West Springfield in 1885, 1889 and
1890, and bred there. One was seen there
again in April, 1891.

Galeoscoptes Carolinensis. CATBIRD. Common
summer resident.

Harporhynchus Rufus. BROWN THRASHER. Com-
mon summer resident.

Troglodytes Aédon. House WreEN. Rather rare
summer resident ; formerly more plentiful.

Troglodytes Hiemalis. WINTER WREN. Regular
migrant.

Cistothorus Stellaris. SHORT-BILLED MARSH
WREN. Rather rare summer resident of the
swamps or marshes of the southern portion of
this region.

7205.

726.

foot:

128.

735.

748.

749.

197,

23

Cistothorus Palustris. LONG-BILLED MaArsu
WREN. Summer resident ; not uncommon in
the marshes of the southern part of Hampden
county.

Certhia Familiaris Americana. BROWN CREEPER.
Not uncommon resident.

Sitta Carolinensis. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH.
Common resident.

Sitta Canadensis. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH.
Not uncommon as a migrant or winter visitor ;
has been reported as breeding at Ware.

Parus Atricapillus. CHICKADEE. Common resi-
dent.

Regulus Satrapa. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET.
Regular fall and spring migrant, and occasion-
ally seen in winter.

Regulus Calendula. RuByY-CROWNED KINGLET.
Regular migrant.

Turdus Mustelinus. Woop THrusH. Common
summer resident.

Turdus Fuscescens. Wi.Lson’s THRUSH. Com
mon summer resident.

Turdus Alicie. GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH. M1-
grant; rarely seen.

758A. Turdus Ustulatus Swainsonit. OLIVE-BACKED

THRusH. Regular migrant; but afew may breed
on the mountains.

24

%59B. Turdus Aonalaschke Pallasit. HErruir THRUSH.
Common fall and spring migrant.

761. Merula Migratoria. AMERICAN Rosin.. Abun-
dunt summer resident and sometimes remains
through the winter.

766. Siaha Sialis. BLUEBIRD. Common summer
resident.

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