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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTO

Volume XX CHICAGO, AUGUST 30, 1938 No. 34

BIRDS OF THE CRANE PACIFIC EXPEDITION

BY ERNST MAYR' AND SIDNEY CAMRAS*

The present paper is based upon the birds obtained by the Crane
Pacific Expedition of Field Museum under the leadership of Cornelius
Crane. A popular account of this trip has been published by Mr.
Sidney N. Shurcliff.3

The collections of mammals, reptiles, and fishes have been
reported upon in part in the Zoological Series of Field Museum.4

The expedition was in the field from December, 1928, to August,
1929, during which time 1,198 specimens of birds were collected by
Walter A. Weber and Frank C. Wonder. Of these 247 were secured
in the neotropics at Haiti, the Canal Zone, Cocos Island, and the
Galapagos Islands, but since these are or will be listed in Charles E.
Hellmayr's Catalogue of Birds of the Americas, only the South Sea
specimens are included here. For convenience the report has been
divided into five sections which correspond to zoogeographical sub-
regions. The Crane Pacific Expedition collected birds in the follow-
ing subregions and the islands within them:

AUSTRALASIAN REGION.— Polynesian Subregion: Marquesas Is-
lands, Tuamotu Islands, Society Islands, Fiji Islands, New Hebrides
Islands. Papuan Subregion: Solomon Islands, New Britain, New
Guinea, Waigeu Island. Celebesian Subregion: Celebes, Sangi Islands.

ORIENTAL REGION. — Malaysian Subregion: Borneo. Philippine
Subregion: Mindanao Island.

After most of the birds had been identified by the junior author,
a list of them was sent to the senior author in New York, who

1 Associate Curator of Birds, American Museum of Natural History.

2 Volunteer Assistant, Division of Birds, Field Museum of Natural History.
1 Jungle Islands; the Illyria in the South Seas. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1930.
« Mammals: Wilfred H. Osgood, A New Rodent from the Galapagos Islands,

17, No. 2; Colin C. Sanborn, Bats from Polynesia, Melanesia, and Malaysia, 18,
No. 2. Reptiles and Amphibians: K. P. Schmidt, Notes on New Guinean Croco-
diles, 18, No. 8; Reptiles and Amphibians from the Solomon Islands, 18, No. 9;
A New Crocodile from the Philippine Islands, 20, No. 8; Notes on the Breeding
Behavior of Lizards, 20, No. 9. Fishes: A. W. Herre, New Fishes Obtained by the
Crane Pacific Expedition, 18, No. 12; Fishes of the Crane Pacific Expedition, 21.

No. 424 453

Nat

454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

corrected the nomenclature and returned a list of those he wished to
see. Selected birds were then sent to the American Museum, where
Dr. Mayr prepared the descriptions of the new subspecies and com-
ments on other significant forms.

To Dr. Erwin Stresemann, Curator of Birds in the Berlin Mu-
seum, we are indebted for his work on the collection while he was
visiting Field Museum, for checking the identifications in general,
and for calling attention to many pertinent points. We are also
obliged to Mr. H. B. Conover, of Field Museum, who originally
identified the game birds (Anseriformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes,
Charadriiformes, and Columbiformes) and supplied notes on them.
Many thanks are due to Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, leader of the scientific
section of the Crane Pacific Expedition, for information concerning
the itinerary and collecting stations of the expedition and for trans-
lating many German papers for the junior author. Most of all,
the junior author wishes to thank Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Curator
of Birds at Field Museum, whose assistance in preparing this report
has been invaluable.

POLYNESIAN SUBREGION

Itinerary and collecting stations:

MARQUESAS ISLANDS: Hivaoa Island, February 4-6; Nukuhiva
Island, February 5-8.

TUAMOTU ISLANDS: Makatea Island, February 14.

SOCIETY ISLANDS: Moorea Island, February 22; Bora Bora
Island, February 25.

FIJI ISLANDS: Viti Levu Island, Suva, Rewa, Nukulau, Columbo
Cave, March 12-23; Ovalau Island, March 18-20.

NEW HEBRIDES ISLANDS: Vila Island, Efate Island, March 27;
Malekula Island, Bushman's Bay, March 28; Malo Island (south
of Espiritu Santo Island), March 30; Espiritu Santo Island, Hog
Harbor and Elephant Island, April 1-6.

The following specimens were collected:
Ardeidae

Butorides striatus subsp. Ovalau Island, 1.

Demigretta sacra. Hivaoa Island, Viti Levu Island, Ovalau

Island, 4.
Phasianidae

Gallus gallus gallus. Espiritu Santo Island, 1. .
Rallidae

Rallus philippensis sethsmithi. Espiritu Santo Island, 1.

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 455

Charadriidae

Pluvialis dominica fulva. Vitu Levu Island, 4.
Scolopacidae

Limosa lapponica baueri. Viti Levu Island, 1.

Heteroscelus incanus. Viti Levu Island, Vila Island, 2.
Laridae

Anoiis stolidus pileatus. Nukuhiva Island, 1.

Gygis alba microrhyncha. Hivaoa Island, 6.
Columbidae

Ptilinopus chalcurus. Makatea Island, 4.

Ptilinopus chrysogaster. Bora Bora Island, 1.

Ptilinopus greyii. Vila Island, Malekula Island, Espiritu Santo
Island, 4.

Ptilinopus perousii mariae. Ovalau Island, 3.

Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii dupetithouarsii. Hivaoa Island, 1.

Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii viridior. Nukuhiva Island, 1.

Chrysoena luteovirens. Viti Levu Island, 2.

Ducula pacifica tarrali. Espiritu Santo Island, 1.

Columba vitiensis. Viti Levu Island, 3.

Macropygia mackinlayi mackinlayi. Espiritu Santo Island, 2.

Chakophaps indica sandwichensis. Malekula Island, Espiritu

Santo Island, 4.
Psittacidae

Phigys solitarius. Viti Levu Island, 1.

Trichoglossus ornatus massena. Malekula Island, Espiritu Santo

Island, 7.
Cuculidae

Cacomantis pyrrophanus schistaceigularis. Malo Island, Espiritu

Santo Island, 2.
Micropodidae

Collocalia esculenta uropygialis. Malekula Island, Malo Island, 2.

Collocalia spodiopygia assimilis. Viti Levu Island, 2.

Collocalia vanikorensis vanikorensis. Malo Island, 1.

Collocalia leucophaea ocista. Nukuhiva Island, 6.

Alcedinidae

Halcyon chloris vitiensis. Viti Levu Island, Ovalau Island, 4.
Hakyon chloris santoensis. Espiritu Santo Island, 2.
Hirundinidae

Hirundo tahitica tahitica. Moorea Island, 1.

Hirundo tahitica subfusca. Ovalau Island, Espiritu Santo Island, 4.

456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

Gampephagidae

Coracina caledonica thilenii. Malekula Island, Espiritu Santo
Island, 5.

Lalage maculosa pumila. Ovalau Island, 3.
Pycnonotidae

Pycnonotus cafer bengalensis. Viti Levu Island, 2.
Turdidae

Turdus mareensis. Malo Island, Espiritu Santo Island, 5.
Sylviidae

Conopoderas atypha erema. Makatea Island, 5.

Conopoderas caffra mendanae. Hivaoa Island, 1.

Conopoderas caffra percernis. Nukuhiva Island, 7.
Muscicapidae

Petroica multicolor kleinschmidti. Viti Levu Island, 2.

Mayrornis lessoni lessoni. Viti Levu Island, Ovalau Island, 10.

Rhipidura spilodera spilodera. Espiritu Santo Island, 3.

Rhipidura flabellifera brenchleyi. Espiritu Santo Island, 2.

Myiagra caledonica marinae. Malekula Island, Espiritu Santo
Island, 10.

Myiagra vanikorensis rufiventris. Viti Levu Island, 8.

Neolalage banksiana. Espiritu Santo Island, 2.
Artamidae

Artamus leucorhynchus melaleucus. Espiritu Santo Island, 1.

Artamus mentalis. Viti Levu Island, 1.
Laniidae

Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides grisescens. Espiritu Santo Island,
5.

Clytorhynchus vitiensis vitiensis. Viti Levu Island, Ovalau Island,
2.

Pachycephala pectoralis intacta. Malekula Island, Espiritu Santo

Island, 9.
Sturnidae

Aplonis tabuensis vitiensis. Ovalau Island, 3.

Aplonis zelandica rufipennis. Espiritu Santo Island, Malo Island,
5.

Acridotheres tristis tristis. Hivaoa Island, 6.
Meliphagidae

Myzomela cardinalis tenuis. Espiritu Santo Island, Malo Island,
5.

Myzomela jugularis. Viti Levu Island, 4.

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 457

Lichmera incana flavotincta. Vila Island, Malekula Island, 3.

Foulehaio carunculata procerior. Ovalau Island, 2.

Guadakanaria notabilis super ciliaris. Malekula Island, 1.
Zosteropidae

Zosterops lateralis vatensis. Vila Island, Espiritu Santo Island, 12.

Zoster ops lateralis flaviceps. Viti Levu Island, 1.

Zosterops flavifrons efatensis. Vila Island, 1.

Zosterops flavifrons macgillivrayi. Malekula Island, 5.

Zosterops flavifrons brevicauda. Espiritu Santo Island, 4.
Ploceidae

Aegintha temporalis. Moorea Island, 2.

The following species deserves special mention:
Aegintha temporalis Latham.

In 1867 Finsch and Hartlaub described a new weaver finch as
Amandina optata (Fauna Centralpolynesiens, Orn., 1867, p. 102)
based upon one specimen sent in preservative by Dr. Graeffe from
Upolu. The bird, a juvenile lacking the red superciliary of Aegintha
temporalis, was said to differ from that bird also by lighter coloration
of chin, throat, and sides of head. There are two phases in this
species. In extreme examples the grayish differs from the brownish
phase by the lighter coloration of the sides of the head and under
parts, the lighter pileum, and the back (see Mathews, Birds of
Australia, 12, pi. 570). This variation at one time misled Mathews,
who described a number of races which he later admitted are invalid.
The wing of the type of optata measured 1" 11"' (=48.7 mm.). It
therefore apparently belongs to a small northern form for which the
names minor and macgillivrayi are in current use. If it is found to
belong to a northern race, a change of names will be necessary.
The two specimens brought by the Crane Expedition from Moorea
measure 48 mm. and 49 mm. and also belong to a small race. A
series at Field Museum of typical temporalis from New South Wales
averages 53 mm.

Layard (Ibis, 1876, p. 151) records seeing flocks of A. temporalis
on waste land of Viti Levu, but Casey A. Wood did not find it when
he collected on the Fiji Islands and did not know of any record of the
species when he gave his admirable account of birds introduced on
the Fiji Islands (Ibis, 1926, pp. 94-99). The only other published
record of it in Polynesia is that of Wetmore and Townsend (Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, 1919, p. 225), who record three specimens from
Tahiti. The Whitney South Sea Expedition of the American
Museum of Natural History found this species commonly on Tahiti

458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

and Moorea, Society Islands, but neither in Samoa nor in the Fiji
Islands.

PAPUAN SUBREGION

Itinerary and collecting stations:

SOLOMON ISLANDS: Ugi Island, April 10; Malaita Island, Auki,
April 13-14; Ysabel Island, Tunnibuli, April 15-19; Kulambangra
Island, Webster Cove, April 21-23.

NEW BRITAIN: Rabaul, Botanical Gardens, April 29-May 1.

NEW GUINEA: Lae, Huon Gulf, May 4; Madang, Astrolabe Bay,
May 7; Marienberg, Sepik River, May 10-27; Koragu, about 75
miles up the Sepik River, May 23; Geketa, Keram River, south of
Sepik River, May 25; Ambot, Keram River, south of Sepik River,
May 25-26; Manokwari, Dorey Bay, May 31-June 2.

NORTHWEST OF NEW GUINEA: Waigeu Island, June 5-8.

The following specimens were collected:
Casuariidae

Casuarius bennetti hecki. Marienberg, 1.
Colymbidae

Poliocephalus ruficollis tricolor. Marienberg, 7.
Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocorax sukirostris. Marienberg, 1.
Anhingidae

Anhinga novaehollandiae papua. Marienberg, 1.
Ardeidae

Notophoyx picata. Marienberg, Ambot, 9 males. Wing 224-235
(229.2), tail 83-90 (86.6), exposed culmen 67-72 (69), depth of
bill 12-13.5 (12.9), tarsus 68-75 (72.6), middle toe 53-57 (55).

Butorides striatiLS subsp. Waigeu Island, 1 female. Wing 192,
tail 66, culmen 67, tarsus 47.5.

Egretta intermedia plumifera. Marienberg, 2.

Dupetor flavicollis gouldi. Marienberg, 1.

Anatidae

Dendrocygna arcuata. Marienberg, 2.

Cheniscus coromandelianus coromandelianus. Marienberg, Ge-
keta, 17.
Accipitridae

Aviceda subcristata reinwardtii. Marienberg, 1. Female, wing
311, tail 218, tarsus 37.

Milvus migrans affinis. Lae, 1.

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 459

Haliastur indus girrenera. Malaita Island, Marienberg, 2.

Accipiter fasciatus poly cry plus. Marienberg, 1.

Circus spilonotus spilonotus. Lae, 1.

Pandion haliaetus cristatus. Kulambangra Island, 1.
Megapodiidae

Megapodius eremita brenchleyi. Ysabel Island, 1.
Rallidae

Rallina tricolor tricolor. Marienberg, 1.

Megacrex inepta pallida. Marienberg, 1.

Porphyrio porphyrio subsp. Kulambangra Island, 1.
Jacanidae

Irediparra gallinacea novae-guinae. Marienberg, Geketa, 3.
Charadriidae

Pluvialis dominica fulva. Malaita Island, 3.
Scolopacidae

Numenius phaeopus variegatus. Malaita Island, 1.

Heteroscelus brevipes. Malaita Island, 1.
Burhinidae

Orthorhamphus magnirostris. Kulambangra Island, 2. One male,
wing 277, tail 117, culmen 80, tarsus 86. One female, wing
276, tail 116, culmen 79, tarsus 84.
Laridae

CMidonias hybrida fluviatilis. Marienberg, 2.

Thalasseus bergii cristatus. Waigeu Island, 1.
Columbidae

Ptilinopus pukhellus decorus. Marienberg, 1.

Ptilinopus coronulatus quadrigeminus. Marienberg, 4.

Ptilinopus iozonus jobiensis. Marienberg, 1.

Ptilinopus aurantiifrons. Marienberg, 1.

Ptilinopus viridis eugeniae. Ugi Island, 1.

Megaloprepia magnified septentrionalis. Marienberg, 3.

Ducula pistrinaria pistrinaria. Ugi Island, 2.

Ducula pinon pinon. Manokwari, 1.

Macropygia amboinensis kerstingi. Marienberg, 2.

Macropygia nigrirostris nigrirostris. Marienberg, 1.

Goura cristata minor. Waigeu Island, 1.

Gourd victoria beccarii. Marienberg, Ambot, 4.

Psittacidae

Eos fuscata incondita. Marienberg, 1.

Chalcopsitta cardinalis. Ysabel Island, Ugi Island, 7.

460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

Domicella lory major. Waigeu Island, 1.

Domicella lory salvadorii. Marienberg, 3.

Domicella chlorocercus. Ugi Island, 1.

Trichoglossus ornatus aberrans. Ysabel Island, 4.

Trichoglossus ornatus intermedius. Marienberg, 2.

Trichoglossus ornatus haematodus. Manokwari, 1.

Charmosynopsis placentis subplacens. Marienberg, 3.

Probosciger aterrimus alecto. Waigeu Island, 1.

Probosciger aterrimus stenolophus. Marienberg, 5. Two males,
wing, 361, 387, tail 259, 275, culmen from cere 100, 107. Two
females, wing 360, 353, tail 256, 255, culmen from cere 84, 85.

Cacatua galerita triton. Marienberg, Manokwari, 2. Two females,
wing, 291, 313, tail 168, 175, culmen from cere 42, 44.

Cacatua ducorpsii. Ysabel Island, 4.

Lorius roratus pectoralis. Marienberg, Manokwari, Waigeu
Island, 10. Five males, wing 250-265 (256.8), tail 121-126
(124.2), culmen from cere 42-44 (42.8), tarsus 20-21 (20.5).
Four females, wing 230-247 (234.8), tail 118-125 (122.3),
culmen from cere 33-37 (35), tarsus 18-20 (19.3).

Lorius roratus solomonensis. Malaita Island, Ugi Island, 7.

Geoffroyus geoffroyi minor. Marienberg, 6. Four males, wing
162-165 (164), tail 71.5-79 (75), culmen from cere 19.5-20.8
(20.3), tarsus 15-16 (15.6). One female, wing 161, tail 74,
culmen from cere 19.5, tarsus 15.6.

Cuculidae

Caliechthrus leucolophus. Marienberg, 1.
Cacomantis variolosus infaustus. Manokwari, 1.
Chakites lucidus lucidus. Rabaul, 1.
Urodynamis taitensis. Ugi Island, 1.
Centropus menbeki menbeki. Marienberg, 3.

Podargidae

Podargus papuensis. Marienberg, 1. Wing 280, tail 282, culmen
48, tarsus 27.

Aegothelidae

Aegotheles bennetti wiedenfeldi. Marienberg, 1.

Micropodidae

Collocalia esculenta becki. Malaita Island, 1.

Hemiprocnidae

Hemiprocne mystacea woodfordiana. Ysabel Island, 4.

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 461

Alcedinidae

Hakyon sancta sancta. Ugi Island, Malaita Island, Kulambangra

Island, Lae, Sek, Marienberg, Waigeu Island, 16.
Hakyon Moris tristrami. Rabaul, 1.
Tanysiptera galatea meyeri. Marienberg, 8.
Sauromarptis gaudichaud. Marienberg, 6.
Meropidae

Merops ornatus. Rabaul, Lae, Marienberg, 15.
Coraciidae

Eurystomus orientalis pacificus. Lae, Sek, Marienberg, Manok-

wari, 15.
Bucerotidae

Rhyticeros plicatus ruficollis. Manokwari, 1. Adult male, wing

422, tail 256, bill from anterior edge of nostril 199.
Rhyticeros plicatus jungei. Marienberg, Koragu, 9. Two adult
males, wing 441, 450, tail 263, 266, bill from anterior edge of
nostril 197, 210. Four adult females, wing 390-412 (404.5), tail
241-245 (242.7), bill from anterior edge of nostril 160-171 (167).
Alaudidae

Mirafra javanica sepikiana Mayr, subsp. nov. Marienberg, 2.
Hirundinidae

Hylochelidon nigricans nigricans. Marienberg, 4.
Campephagidae

Coracina papuensis papuensis. Lae, Marienberg, 7.
Coracina papuensis perpallida. Ysabel Island, 4.
Coracina papuensis elegans. Kulambangra Island, 1.
Coracina papuensis sclaterii. Rabaul, 2.
Edolisoma tenuirostre saturatius. Ysabel Island, 4.
Edolisoma melan melan. Marienberg, 2.
Lalage atrovirens atrovirens. Marienberg, 2.
Lalage karu falsa. Rabaul, 3.
Dicruridae

Dicrurus bracteatus carbonarius. Marienberg, Manokwari, Wai-
geu Island, 5.

Oriolidae

Oriolus szalayi szalayi. Marienberg, 3.

Corvidae

Macrocorax woodfordi vegetus. Ysabel Island, 3. Wing 274-307
(290.3), tail 134-149 (140.3), exposed culmen 61-67 (65),
tarsus 49-54 (52.3).

462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

Paradisaeidae

Seleucides nigricans auripennis. Marienberg, 3.
Paradisaea minor finschi. Marienberg, Ambot, 10.
Paradisaea rubra. Waigeu Island, 2.
Cicinnurus regius similis. Marienberg, 6.
Manucodia ater ater. Marienberg, 2.
Chlamydera lauterbachi lauterbachi. Marienberg, 1.
Chlamydera cerviniventris. Marienberg, 6.

Timeliidae

Pomatorhinus isidori calidus. Marienberg, 1.

Turdidae

Saxicola caprata aethiops. Marienberg, 1.

Sylviidae

Cisticola exilis diminuta. Marienberg, 2.
Megalurus timoriensis mayri. Marienberg, 1.
Malurus alboscapulatus tappenbecki. Marienberg, 3.
Muscicapidae

Gerygone magnirostris affinis. Marienberg, 3.

Poecilodryas hypoleuca hermani. Marienberg, 1.

Todopsis cyanocephala dohertyi. Marienberg, 1.

Rhipidura rufifrons granti. Kulambangra Island, 1.

Rhipidura rufifrons commoda. Ysabel Island, 1.

Rhipidura rufiventris gularis. Marienberg, Waigeu Island, 5.

Rhipidura leucophrys melaleuca. Ugi Island, Malaita Island,

Ysabel Island, Kulambangra Island, Marienberg, 16.
Machaerirhynchus flaviventer albifrons. Waigeu Island, 1.
Myiagra ferrocyanea feminina. Kulambangra Island, 1.
Monarcha guttula. Marienberg, 2.
Monarcha alecto chalybeocephala. Rabaul, Marienberg, 7.
Monarcha chrysomela melanonotus. Marienberg, 1.
Monarcha castaneiventris castaneiventris. Ysabel Island, 1.
Monarcha castaneiventris ugiensis. Ugi Island, 1.
Monarcha richardsii. Kulambangra, 5.
Arses telescophthalmus insularis. Marienberg, 1.
Peltops blainvillii. Marienberg, 2.

Artamidae

Artamus leucorhynchus leucopygialis. Marienberg, 1.
Laniidae

Cracticus cassicus. Marienberg, Manokwari, 3.
Cracticus quoyi quoyi. Marienberg, 1.

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 463

Myiolestes megarhynchus tappenbecki. Marienberg, 1.
Myiolestes megarhynchus affinis. Waigeu Island, 1.
Pachycephala griseiceps jobiensis. Marienberg, 2.
Pachycephala griseiceps waigeuensis. Waigeu Island, 1.

Sturnidae

Mino dumontii dumontii. Manokwari, 1.
Mino dumontii violaceus. Marienberg, 4.

Mino dumontii sanfordi. Malaita Island, Kulambangra Island, 2.
Melanopyrrhus anais orientalis. Marienberg, 2.
Aplonis cantoroides. Malaita Island, Ysabel Island, Kulam-
bangra Island, Rabaul, 13.
Aplonis metallica nitida. Ugi Island, Rabaul, 6.
Aplonis grandis grandis. Ysabel Island, 1.

Meliphagidae

Myzomela cardinalis pukherrima. Ugi Island, 10.
Myzomela eichhorni eichhorni. Kulambangra Island, 1.
Myzomela eichhorni lafargei. Ysabel Island, 3.
Conopophila albogularis mimikae. Marienberg, 1.
Glycichaera fallax fallax. Marienberg, 3.
Melilestes megarhynchus megarhynchus. Manokwari, 1.
Lichmera alboauricularis olivacea Mayr, subsp. nov. Marien-
berg, 2.

Meliphaga analoga analoga. Manokwari, 1.
Meliphaga "albonotata." Manokwari, 1.
Meliphaga analoga flavida. Marienberg, 2.
Xanthotis polygramma polygramma. Waigeu Island, 1.
Xanthotis chrysotis philemon. Marienberg, 2.
Philemon novaeguineae jobiensis. Sek, 2.
Philemon novaeguineae cockerelli. Rabaul, 7.
Philemon meyeri. Marienberg, 1.

Nectariniidae

Cinnyris jugularis flavigaster. Ysabel Island, Kulambangra

Island, Rabaul, 11.

Cinnyris jugularis frenata. Manokwari, Waigeu Islands, 4.
Cinnyris sericea sericea. Marienberg, 1.
Cinnyris sericea vicina. Lae, 1.
Cinnyris sericea corinna. Rabaul, 1.

Dicaeum aeneum aeneum. Malaita Island, Ysabel Island, 2.
Dicaeum pectorale. Manokwari, 2.
Melanocharis nigra bicolor. Marienberg, 1.

464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

Zosteropidae

Zosterops metcalfii metcalfii. Ysabel Island, 6.

The following species deserve special mention :
Egretta intermedia plumifera Gould.

These two specimens from Marienberg extend the range of this
species on New Guinea (Rand, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Nov., No.
990, 1938, p. 2).
Cheniscus coromandelianus coromandelianus Gmelin.

This bird has never been recorded from New Guinea before.
Seventeen specimens were taken at Marienberg and Geketa.

Many recent writers on this species have agreed that the Aus-
tralian subspecies, albipennis, which was described on account of
its larger size, was not valid. Examination of material in the Roth-
schild collection consisting of nine adult males of the Asiatic race and
eleven adult males of the Australian race, however, proves that
albipennis is a perfectly good subspecies.

The measurements are as follows: coromandelianus (nine adult
males): wing 163, 164, 166, 166, 168, 168, 169, 172, 172 (167.6);
tail 59, 59, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65 (61.7); culmen 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23,
23.5, 24 (22.8); tarsus 24, 24, 24, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 26 (24.7).
albipennis (eleven adult males) : wing 178, 179, 179, 180, 180, 182,
182, 183, 186, 186, 187 (182); tail 66, 66, 66, 67, 67, 67, 69, 69,
70, 70 (68); culmen 23, 23, 23, 23.5, 24, 24, 24, 24.5, 25, 25
(23.9); tarsus 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 28, 28 (26.7).

There are no differences whatever in the coloration of Australian
and Asiatic birds.

Eight males from New Guinea measure as follows: wing 163, 164,
164, 165, 168, 170, 171, 174 (167.4); tail 61, 62, 64, 64, 64, 65, 66, 68
(64.3); culmen 22, 22.5, 23, 23, 23, 24.5, 25, 25 (23.5); tarsus 24,
24, 25, 25, 25, 26, 26, 26 (25.1).

It is curious that these birds from New Guinea, which might be
expected to be winter migrants from Australia, agree in their measure-
ments very well with the Asiatic series. It is also most interesting
to note that these were collected during the season that the northern
race is breeding in Asia. These are possibly winter migrants that
have remained in New Guinea instead of returning to Asia to breed.
Accipiter fasciatus polycryptus Rothschild and Hartert.

This record from Marienberg is a westward extension of range
of this species, which previously was known only as far as Astrolabe

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 465

Bay. The bird is slightly different from two females from south-
eastern New Guinea, but this might easily be accounted for by indi-
vidual variation (Stresemann, Orn. Monatsber., 1935, pp. 110-111).

Circus spilonotus spilonotus Kaup.

The single Juvenal female from Lae, collected May 4, 1929,
cannot with certainty be separated from spilonotus. For geographical
and seasonal reasons, this specimen would be expected to be Circus
spilothorax, but this is not the case. The forehead, lores, superciliary,
postocular stripe, malar region, chin and upper throat are pure white
and only the posterior part of the ear-coverts is brown. The feathers
on the hind-neck and nape are also white, with narrow dark brown
spots, and the feathers of the upper back are white, with brown tips.
The feathers of the lower back and rump have the basal part white.
The tail is dark brown with very vague bars on the central feathers
and somewhat more pronounced bars on the lateral feathers. The
feathers of the under parts have broad white bases as far down as
the lower belly. The general coloration of the under parts is quite
rufous (almost tawny on the thigh). The specimen agrees well
with several immature spilonotus from China and the Philippines
and is probably a winter visitant that has failed to return, being
in its first year plumage and not yet able to breed. Wing 401,
tail 221, tarsus 90.

This casts serious doubt upon the validity of Circus spilothorax
Salvadori and D'Albertis, which is probably an aberrant example of
Circus spilonotus.

Megacrex inepta pallida Rand.

This specimen from Marienberg, collected May 27, 1929, is a
juvenile, and fits Ogilvie-Grant's description of a half-grown male
very well (Ibis, Jubilee Suppl. No. 2, 1915, p. 288). It possesses
patches of feathers of the first plumage on the breast, abdomen,
thighs, back, and wings.

It is referred to this subspecies on geographic grounds (Rand,
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Nov., No. 990, 1938, p. 4). Peters' record
from Mamberano is an error (Check-list of Birds of the World, 2,
1934, p. 179).

Aegotheles bennetti wiedenfeldi Laubmann.

This specimen from Marienberg agrees perfectly with the descrip-
tion of this subspecies and constitutes a considerable extension of
the range. There does not appear to be any previous record from
west of the Huon Peninsula.

466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

Collocalia esculenta becki Mayr.

The only previous record of this genus on Malaita Island is
from sight (Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Nov., No. 504, p. 15).
This specimen is too large for C. e. makirensis of San Cristobal
Island (wing 101.5) and although the belly is quite white it is not
sharply separated from the gray of the breast.
Mirafra javanica sepikiana Mayr, subsp. nov.

Type from Marienberg, Sepik River, northern New Guinea.
No. 87381 Field Museum of Natural History. Adult male. Collected
May 11, 1929, by Walter A. Weber.

Diagnosis. — Similar to Mirafra javanica aliena Greenway, but
very much darker, particularly on the upper parts, which appear
almost blackish. The dark centers of the feathers are blackish, not
dark brown, and the light-colored edges are much narrower and more
grayish, less brownish. The lower throat is more or less uniform,
but with conspicuous black spots. The under surface of the wing
is of a deeper rufous color. The next to the outermost tail feather
has the inner web entirely black, not partly white. The size is similar,
but the tail of aliena (48, 50) is apparently larger than that of
sepikiana (45, 45.5).

Measurements. — Type (male): wing 71.5, tail 45.5, tarsus 21.5,
culmen 15. Paratype (female) : wing 70, tail 45, tarsus 22, culmen 14.7.

Range. — Known only from the type locality.

Remarks. — This very distinct subspecies is an unexpected addi-
tion to the well-known bird fauna of the grasslands of northern
New Guinea. Its closest relative is Mirafra javanica aliena Green-
way, from the tributaries of the Watut River, Morobe District.
Both forms show very little similarity to Mirafra javanica rufescens
Ingram, of northern Australia, or to Mirafra javanica parva Swinhoe,
of the Lesser Sunda Islands, both of which are very much lighter.
Mirafra javanica rufescens is also decidedly larger, as has been pointed
out by Greenway in the original description of aliena (Proc. New
Eng. Zool. Club, 14, 1935, p. 50). Mirafra javanica parva shows a
certain similarity to aliena, but it has the throat more distinctly
marked with blackish spots and the upper parts average more grayish
without any brownish wash on the crown and upper back. It also
has more black on the inner web of the second tail feather, and its
bill is blunter. The new form, however, cannot be mistaken for
any of the others, on account of its very blackish upper parts.

This lark is now known from three localities in New Guinea:
Merauke, southern New Guinea (aliena?) ; upper Watut River, north-

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 467

eastern New Guinea (aliena); and Marienberg, Sepik River, north
central New Guinea (sepikiana).

Coracina papuensis papuensis Gmelin.

Two specimens from Lae, Huon Gulf, are exactly intermediate
between papuensis and meekiana. The male has the throat white as
in meekiana, the female gray as in papuensis. The gray of the breast
is almost exactly intermediate. On the upper parts the two birds
are slightly paler than a series of papuensis, but decidedly darker
than the typical series of meekiana. In view of this last character,
it seems best to include these intermediate specimens with papuensis:
male, wing 146; female, wing 145. The series from Marienberg
measures: male, wing 143, 140, 139; female, wing 141, 141.

Coracina papuensis elegans Ramsay.

This specimen from Kulambangra Island, compared with the
three adults from Ysabel Island, is darker on the back and under
parts, agreeing with the characters for this race pointed out by
Rothschild and Hartert when describing perpallida. There does
not seem to be any previous published record of this species on
Kulambangra.

Cicinnurus regius similis Stresemann.

Two of the five adult males examined have the feathers of the
forehead yellowish, but in the three others they are reddish, about
as dark as the feathers of the crown. The culmen is bare for 5-7 mm.
A similar variation occurs in a large series from the Humboldt Bay
district. From this it seems doubtful whether cryptorhynchus
Stresemann can be recognized, but I have not seen any material
from the type locality, the lower Mamberano.

Cisticola exilis diminuta Mathews.

This apparently constitutes the first record of this species for
the Sepik region.

Megalurus timoriensis mayri Hartert.

This species does not appear to have been recorded previously
from the Sepik region.

Conopophila albogularis mimikae Mathews.

This specimen from Marienberg constitutes the first record of
the species from northern New Guinea. It agrees well with a single
specimen from southeastern New Guinea in the American Museum
and differs from Australian birds by the characters mentioned by
Ogilvie-Grant (Ibis, Jubilee Suppl. No. 2, 1915, p. 54).

468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

Lichmera alboauricularis olivacea Mayr, subsp. nov.

Type from Ifar, Sentani Lake, northern New Guinea. No.
450933 American Museum of Natural History (Rothschild collec-
tion). Adult male. Collected September 27, 1928, by Ernst Mayr.

Diagnosis. — Similar to Lichmera alboauricularis alboauricularis,
but upper parts more olivaceous, edges of feathers not greenish gray,
but olivaceous, margins of primaries less greenish, more yellowish
olive, breast, flanks, and lesser under- wing coverts with a yellow wash,
which is practically absent in alboauricularis, dark centers of under-
tail coverts larger, size as in alboauricularis.

Measurements.— Male: wing 70-75, tail 56-61, bill from lateral
feathering 15.5-17.

Range. — Northern New Guinea.

Remarks. — Known from type locality (three male adults), Marien-
berg (two male adults) and from lower Ramu (two males, one
female) (Stresemann, Arch. Naturg., 89, Heft 7, 1923, p. 56). Com-
pared with four males and two females of alboauricularis from Doini
Island and Baroka, Bioto Creek.

CELEBESIAN SUBREGION

Itinerary and collecting stations:

CELEBES: Lembeh Island, June 14; Lembeh Strait, north end,
June 17-20; Batoe Angoes, June 18-19; Tondano Lake, June 22.

SANGI ISLANDS: Sangi Island, June 24.

The following specimens were collected :
Accipitriidae

Haliastur indus ambiguus. Sangi Island, 1.

Accipiter rhodogaster rhodogaster. Batoe Angoes, 1.
Megapodiiae

Macrocephalon maleo. Lembeh Strait, Batoe Angoes, 3.
Phasianidae

Gattus gaUus gattus. Batoe Angoes, 1.
Columbidae

Ptilinopus melanospila melanospila. Lembeh Island, Lembeh
Strait, 2.

Ducula lucluosa. Lembeh Strait, 1.

Streptopelia chinensis tigrina. Lembeh Island, 1.
Psittacidae

Trichoglossus ornatus ornatus. Tondano Lake, 1.

Prioniturus platurus platurus. Lembeh Island, 1.

Tanygnathus mutteri mutteri. Lembeh Island, Tondano Lake, 2.

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION — MAYR AND CAMRAS 469

Cuculidae

Cacomantis variolosus virescens. Lembeh Strait, 1.

Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum. Sangi Island, 1.
Micropodidae

Collocalia esculenta subsp. Sangi Island, 1.
Hemiprocnidae

Hemiprocne longipennis wallacei. Lembeh Island, 2.
Alcedinidae

Halcyon sancta sancta. Lembeh Strait, 1.

Halcyon chloris forsteni. Lembeh Strait, 1.

Ramphalcyon melanorhyncha melanorhyncha. Lembeh Strait, 1.

Ceycopsis fallax fallax. Lembeh Strait, 1.
Meropidae

Merops ornatus. Lembeh Strait, 2.
Coraciidae

Coracias temmincki. Lembeh Strait, Tondano Lake, 5.

Eurystomus orientalis connectens. Lembeh Strait, 1.
Bucerotidae

Rhyticeros cassidix. Lembeh Island, 2.
Picidae

Lichtensteinipicus fulvus fulvus. Lembeh Island, 2.
Campephagidae

Coracina leucopygia. Lembeh Island, 1.

Edolisoma morio morio. Lembeh Island, 1.
Dicruridae

Dicrurus holtentottus leucops. Lembeh Island, 7.
Oriolidae

Oriolus chinensis celebensis. Lembeh Island, Lembeh Strait, 5.
Corvidae

Corvus enca celebensis. Lembeh Island, Tondano Lake, 2.
Muscicapidae

Hypothymis puella puella. Lembeh Island, 3.
Artamidae

Artamus leucorhynchus celebensis. Lembeh Island, Lembeh

Strait, 3.
Sturnidae

Aplonis mysolensis neglectus. Lembeh Strait, 2.

Streptocitta albicollis torquata. Tondano Lake, 1.

Scissirostrum dubium. Lembeh Island, 1.

470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

Nectariniidae

Cinnyris jugularis meyeri. Lembeh Island, Lembeh Strait, 3.

Cinnyris sericea grayi. Lembeh Island, 8.

Cinnyris sericea sangirensis. Sangi Island, 1.

Anthreptes malacensis citrinus. Lembeh Island, Lembeh Strait,
11.

Anthreptes malacensis heliocalus. Sangi Island, 1.
Dicaeidae

Dicaeum hirundinaceum celebicum. Lembeh Island, 2.

Dicaeum hirundinaceum sanghirense. Sangi Island, 2.

Acmonorhynchus aureolimbatus aureolimbatus. Lembeh Island, 1.

The following species deserves special mention:
Collocalia esculenta subsp.

The gloss on this puzzling specimen from Sangi Island is greenish
instead of bluish and it may belong to a new race. The bird, however,
is apparently young, as indicated by the dull coloration and the soft-
ness of the feathers. The lack of white on the tail feathers may also
be a sign of immaturity.

MALAYSIAN SUBREGION

Itinerary and collecting stations:

NORTH BORNEO: Sandakan, eight miles west, July 3-7 and
August 17-26.

The following specimens were collected:
Ardeidae

Bubulcus ibis coromandus, 1.
Accipitridae

Accipiter trivirgatus trivirgatus, I.
Phasianidae

Tropicoperdix charltonii graydoni, 1.
Scolopacidae

Tringa glareola, 3.

Erolia subminuta, 1.
Columbidae

Treron olax, 1.

Ptilinopus jambu, 1.
Cuculidae

Cacomantis merulinus threnodes, 1.

Rhinortha chlorophaea fuscigularis, 6.

Phoenicophaus curvirostris borneensis, 4.

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 471

Strigidae

Strix leptogrammica subsp., 2.
Micropodiidae

CoUocalia lowi lowi, 1.

Collocalia esculenta cyanoptila, 1.
Hemiprocnidae

Hemiprocne longipennis harterti, 2.
Trogonidae

Harpactes diardii diardii, 1.

Harpactes kasumba impavidus, 1.
Alcedinidae

Ceyx rufidorsus, 1.
Meropidae

Merops viridis viridis, 2.

Nyctiornis amicta, 1.
Coraciidae

Eurystomus orientalis orientalis, 1.
Bucerotidae

Anthracoceros malayanus, 1.
Capitonidae

Calorhamphus fuliginosus tertius, 1.
Picidae

Plows puniceus observandus, 1.

Callolophus miniaceus day ah, 1.

Meiglyptes tristis micropterus, 3.

Meiglyptes tukki tukki, 7.

Chysocolaptes validus xanthopygius, 2.

Mulleripicus pulverulentus pulverulenlus, 2.
Eurylaimidae

Eurylaimus ochromalus ochromalus, 1.

Corydon sumatranus subsp., 7.
Pittidae

Pi'tto venusta ussheri, 3.

Pitta ftawdt, 2.
Dicruridae

Dicrurus annectans annectans, 1.

Chaptia aenea malayensis, 1.

Dissemurus paradiseus brachyphorus, 1.
Corvidae

Plalysmurus leucopterus aterrimus, 3.

472 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

Timaliidae

Malacopteron affine affine, 1.

Malacopteron magnum saba, 1.

Stachyris maculata maculata, 1.

Cyanoderma erythropterum bicolor, 7.

Mixornis gularis montana, 1.
Pycnonotidae

Irena puella criniger, 2.

Alophoixus phaeocephalus connectens, 1.

Tricholestes criniger viridis, 1.

Pycnonotus goiavier gourdinii, 1.

Pycnonotus plumosus insularis, 1.

Pycnonotus brunneus brunneus, 1.

/ote olivacea charlottae, 1.
Turdidae

Enicurus leschenaulti frontalis, 1.

Copsychus saularis niger, 1.

Kittacincla stricklandii stricklandii, 7.

Geokichla inter pres inter pres, 1.
Artamidae

Artomws leucorhynchus leucorhynchus, 1.
Laniidae

Platylophus galericulatus lemprieri, 3.
Nectariniidae

Cinnyris jugularis microleuca, 1.

Anthreptes malacensis bornensis, 6.

Arachnothera longirostra bilttikoferi, 1.
Dicaeidae

Prionochilus xanthopygius xanthopygius, 1.
Ploceidae

Lonchura atricapilla jagori, 1.

Lonchura fuscans, 2.

The following species deserves special mention:
Collocalia lowi lowi Sharpe.

This specimen from Sandakan is marked with white spotting, the
symmetry of which is quite remarkable. The feathers of the forehead,
a streak below each eye, a spot behind each eye and two spots on
the throat, are white. Miscellaneous feathers on the head and nape,
and the outermost lower primary covert of the left wing are also
white. Two of the right wing coverts are brown edged with white.

1938 BIRDS OF CRANE EXPEDITION— MAYR AND CAMRAS 473

PHILIPPINE SUBREGION

Itinerary and collecting stations:

MINDANAO ISLAND: Pasonauca, near Zamboanga and San Ram6n,
July 19-August 2.

The following specimens were collected:
Strigidae

Ninox philippensis spilocephala, 1.
Alcedinidae

Halcyon chloris collaris, 2.
Meropidae

Merops viridis americanus, 4.
Coraciidae

Eurystomus orientalis orientalis, 1.
Bucerotidae

Rhyticeros leucocephaliis, 2.

Hydrocorax hydrocorax mindanensis, 2.
Picidae

Chrysocolaptes litcidus lucidus, 1.
Campephagidae

Lalage nigra chilensis, 1.
Pycnonotidae

Pycnonotus goiavier suluensis, 4.
Muscicapidae

Rhipidura javanica nigritorquis, 1.
Motacillidae

Anthus novaeseelandiae lugubris, 1.
Artamidae

Artamus leucorhynchus leucorhynchus, 7.
Laniidae

Lanitis schach nasutus, 1.
Nectariniidae

Cinnyris jugularis jugularis, 2.
Dicaeidae

Dicaeum hypoleucum mindanense, 1.
Ploceidae

Lonchura atricapiUa jagori, 1.

Lonchura leucogastra everetti, 1.