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THE

BIRDS OF MASSACHUSETTS

REGINALD HEBER HOWE, Junior,

GLOVER MORRILL ALLEN,

Members of ike Nuttall Ornithological Club

and

Associate Members of the American Ornithologists^ Union

PUBLISHED BY SUBSCRIPTION

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

I9OI

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

DAViS

Advertisement.

The Edition of this work numbers five hundred copies, four
hundred and fifty of which are bound in cloth, and the remaining
fifty in paper.

This copy is No.^t^.lAUiArwu. ^^ ^ •

Copyright, 1901.

BY

Reginald Heber Howe, Junior, and Glover Morrill Allen.

CONTENTS.

Introduction . . .

PAGE.

4

Discussion of Faunal Areas

6

Explanatory Note . . . .

14

Annotated List of Species

15

List of Extirpated Species .

132

List of Extinct Species

'33

List of Introduced Species .

134

List of Species Erroneously Recorded

137

Apocryphal Species

139

Bibliography

141

Errata .....

146

Indexes,

Scientific Names . .

147

Vernacular Names

151

INTRODUCTION.

In the present work the authors have tried to bring together
into convenient and permanent form all the material published on
Massachusetts birds up to the date of the publication of this work ;
as well as to add as much original matter as possible, both gener-
ously supplied from outside sources, and from our personal obser-
vations. Since about 1833 Massachusetts has been a centre of
ornithological work, and the literature on Massachusetts birds
probably exceeds the ornithological literature of almost any other
state in the Union. The authors therefore ask the indulgence of
their readers, as their task has been a very difficult one, and omis-
sions, as well as errors may have crept in inadvertently.

The plan adopted has been to offer, after a careful discussion of
Topography and Faunal Areas, an Annotated List which first gives
the status of each species, then the dates of arrival and departure
of species in Massachusetts, followed by annotations taken from
already published local lists of importance, and others supphed
by trustworthy ornithologists from desirable localities, especially
along the coast. The counties of the State, therefore, all save four^
Franklin, Suffolk, Plymouth and Barnstable, have lists from one or
more towns in them, or of the county as a whole, viz. — Berkshire
County list ; Hampshire : Amherst ; Hampden : Springfield ;
Worcester : Templeton ; Middlesex : Cambridge, vicinity of Wel-
lesley ; Norfolk : Brookline, Dedham, Cohasset ; Essex County
list and Ipswich ; Bristol County list ; Dukes : Martha's Vine-
yard ; Nantucket County list. Individuals, therefore, working in
restricted portions of this topographically varied State, will have, in
many cases, annotations applicable to their particular region.
The Annotated List is followed by Lists of Extinct and Extirpated
Species, Introduced Species, Species Erroneously Recorded, and
of Apocryphal Species. The Bibliography contains only the lists
published exclusively on Massachusetts birds. All original records,
and other published notes of especial interest are cited as foot-
notes in the text itself.- The work is completed with two
Indexes, one of Scientific, and one of Vernacular Names.

Introduction C

The nomenclature 'is in the main the same as followed by the
American Ornithologists' Union Check-List, but we have copied
the order given in Sharpe's " Handlist " as far as it is published.
The order followed beyond where his work remains unpublished,
is approximately that to be used by Dr. Robert Ridgway in his
forthcoming work, and it is through his kindness that we are here
allowed to make use of it. We have also made various changes in
orthography for the sake of consistency.

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Drs. Walter
Faxon and Charles W. Townsend, and to Messrs. William Brewster,
George H. Mackay, Henry B. Bigelow, Manton Copeland, Arthur
C. Bent, Juliiis R. Wakefield, Robert O. Morris, Charles E. Ingalls,
C. J. Paine, Jr., H. V. Greenough, ¥. H. Allen, Outram
Bangs and others, who have assisted them materially in their
work.

REGINALD HEBER HOWE, Junior,
GLOVER MORRILL ALLEN.

Cambridge, Massachusetts.
May, 1901.

THE FAUNAL AREAS OF MASSACHUSETTS.

Massachusetts, occupying south-central New England from lat.
41° N. to lat. 43° N., affords a great diversity of physical condi-
tions for the support of a large and varied fauna. Although the
direct distance between its northeast and southeast comers is
but 95 miles, its entire length of coast line following the main
capes and bays, amounts to nearly 300 miles. The northeast coast
is rugged and rocky, especially in the vicinity of Cape Ann, Be-
tween this region and the southern part of Cape Cod, the shores
are sandy with numerous protected coves and bays. The barrier
beaches at the south of Cape Cod, together with Martha's Vine-
yard and Nantucket, form a protection for the fiord-like coast line
of the southernmost part of the State. These fiords, of which
Buzzard's Bay — 30 miles long and 10 miles wide — is the largest,
represent a submerged valley system.

The large, low islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard,
with their numerous lagoons on the seaward side, are sandy but
well wooded in certain parts. Together they cover over 100
square miles. The smaller islands in this region, Muskeget,
Tuckemuck, and the EUzabeth Islands, are also of interest, be-
cause of the peculiar environmental conditions which they offer.
The broad expanse of shallow water extending eastward from
Cape Cod, covers a land area which includes George's Bank, 120
miles from land, and is by some considered as a part of Massa-
chusetts.

From sea level on the east, the mainland rises gradually to the
westward, and reaches its greatest height in the north-western part
of Berkshire County. This is due to the wearing away of the
land to nearly base level, and its subsequent uplift, so that. the
former plain is now highest in the northwest. Barnstable County
(Cape Cod) and the greater part of Plymouth and Bristol Coun-
ties are comparatively level and free from outcrops, for the rock
foundation is covered with glacial detritus to a considerable depth.
The north-eastern regions of the State are more hilly with frequent
rocky outcrops, and are marked by numerous drumlins and eskers.
The highest points in this eastern district are found in the Blue
Hills of Norfolk County, which attain an elevation of 635 feet

Faunal Areas *l

above sea level. The central and western portions of the State
may be described as a much dissected plateau, with deep side-
valleys and occasional projecting peaks, or " monadnocks." The
deep Connecticut Valley, crossing this plateau, divides it into
two regions of high, hilly land. The upland region to the east
of the Connecticut river may be regarded as the southern exten-
sion of the White Mountains. Its highest point is Mt. Wachu-
sett (2,018 feet). To the west of the Connecticut are several
ranges of north and south trending hills, which are a continuation
of the Green Mountain system of Vermont. Of these, the Hoosac
Range and its southern prolongation, form a divide between the
valley of the Connecticut on the east and the Hoosac and the
Housatonic Rivers on the west. On the western border of the
State, runs the Taconic Range, among whose highest peaks are
Berlin Mt. (2804 feet), Mt. Everett (2624 feet), Potter Mt. (2410
feet) and Perry's Peak (2077 feet). In the northern part of
Berkshire County, between the Taconics and the Hoosacs, is the
great mass of Saddle Mountain, the highest land in the State,
whose loftiest peak, Mt. Greylock, rises 3505 feet above the level
of the sea.

Of north and south-trending rivers, so important as highways of
migration, and of intrusion from the south, the largest is the Con-
necticut, which traverses the west-central part of the State. Its
valley is broad, except where it crosses the Holyoke Range of
hills. Its main side streams are the Deerfield and Westfield Riv-
ers, which flow in from the west, and the Chicopee and Miller's
Rivers which enter from the east. The drainage basin of the
Connecticut and its tributaries in this State is thus about sixty
miles broad and includes Franklin and Hampshire Counties, and

parts of Hampden, Worcester and Berkshire Counties. The Con-

•
necticut River in its passage through the State falls about 130

feet. Other north and south running rivers are the Housatonic
and Farmington Rivers in southern Berkshire County, the Black-
stone and French Rivers of southern Worcester County, and the
numerous smaller streams which flow south into the bays of Bris-
tol County. In eastern Massachusetts are a number of rivers
which flow eastward into the Atlantic. Chief among these is that
part of the Merrimac near the northeastern border, which, with

8 Birds of IMassachusktts

its tributaries, drains three fourths of Middlesex, and one fourth
of Worcester Counties. The Ipswich, Mystic, Charles and Nepon-
set Rivers, with their tide-water marshes are the other important
streams of the coast. In northern Berkshire, the Hoosac River
flows northwestward, emptying into the Hudson River outside
the confines of the State. It seems probable that this valley may
serve as a highway along which southern and western species are
enabled to reach northern Berkshire.

In Worcester County are the greatest number of lakes. Many
of considerable size occur also in the southeastern part of the
State, and there are a few large bodies of water in the Housatonic
Valley in southern Berkshire.

The mean annual temperature of Massachusetts ranges from
44° F. in the northern part of the State to 50° in the extreme
southeast. During the summer months, the isothermal line of
65° dips into the northern part of the State on either side of the
Connecticut Valley, whither it is brought down by the mountain-
ous regions about Mt. Greylock and Mt. Wachusett. The isotherm
of 68° on the other hand swings up the Connecticut Valley from
the south, as far as the Holyoke Range. During the winter
months, the temperature averages from about 22° in the north-
west, to 30° and 32° along the south shore and the islands of
Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket.

The average rainfall for the year is least in the extreme north-
western part of the State, and is greatest over a narrow belt ex-
tending from northeast to southwest across the east-central region.
Proximity to the sea reduces the quantity of rainfall along the
coast in summer, but causes great humidity in this region during
the cool seasons.

Four life zones are represented by the breeding birds of Massa-
chusetts, viz.: the Upper Austral, the Transition, the Canadian
and the Hudsonian zones. These will be considered separately
as follows :

Upper Austral : Representatives of this life zone are present as
a small, though fairly constant element of the breeding fauna in the
valleys of the Housatonic and Hoosac Rivers of Berkshire County
and the southern part of the Connecticut Valley in Hampden and
Hampshire Counties, as well as the valleys along the south shore

Faunal Areas

9

and up on the coast as far north as the vicinity of Boston Bay,
beyond which, Cape Ann seems to afford an effectual barrier. It
must be stated, however, that north of the south shore of Bristol
County, the occurrence of birds characteristic of this zone, is, in
the main, irregular and uncertain, if not often accidental. The
following twelve Upper Austral birds have been ascertained to
breed in the State in the general areas named in connection, with
each, but where only a single instance of breeding is known, the
locality is specified : —

Porzana javiaicensh^ Chatham. Gallinula galeata^ Berkshire Valleys
and along the coast into Middlesex Co. Empidoiiax (\c adieu A Hjde Park. wAJU>CVxv^
Stelgidopteryx serripennis. North Adams. Vireo noveboraccmis. southern
Berkshire Co., and along the coast into Essex Co. Mimus polyglottos^
Conn, valley of southern Hampden Co., southern Bristol Co., and along
the coast into Middlesex Co. Icteria virens, valleys of Berkshire Co.^
Bristol Co., and along the coast into Essex Co. S/urus inotacilla^ Sheffield.
Spiza amert'cafia, formerly in Berkshire Valleys and along the coast into
Middlesex Co. Icterus sfurius, Berkshire Valleys, Conn, valley in
Hampden Co., and along the coast into Middlesex Co. Cardiiiali&
carduialis, Cambridge. Ammodyamua jnaritimus, Westport.

The following eight species, characteristic of the Upper
Austral zone have been found in Massachusetts during the
breeding season, under such circumstances as to suggest the
probability of their breeding in the State, even though no nests
were found : —

Sterna maxima^ Rynchops ?iigra, Nycticorax violaceus, Corvifs oss/fra-
gus, Polioptila cceruleu, Thryflthorus Indovicicuius, Wilsonia mitrata^
Protouotaria dtrca.

In addition, the following nineteen Upper Austral birds have
been recorded as stragglers or occasional visitors to the State : —

Pallns elegans, Rallus crepitans., lonornis inartiiiica, HcEina/opus pal- ■
liatus, Himantopus mexicanus, liecnrvirostra americana, Ardea egretta,
Ardea ccerulea, Ardea candidissima., Catharista urtcbu, Cathartes aura.,
Elano'ides forficatus., Strix pratincola, Melanerpes carolinus, Dendroeca
rara^ HehninthopJiila pinus^ Helmitherus vennizwrus^ Piranga rubra^
Guiraca ccerulea.,.

Transition: This zone covers the greater part of Massachu-
setts, including most of the territory up to about 2000 feet on the
hills and mountains of the western part of the State and exclusive

lO Birds of Massachusetts

of the " islands " of the Canadian zone to be mentioned later. The
Transition zone is a region of nicely adjusted balance. Southern
species endeavoring to extend their range to the north, here meet
northern species pushing down towards the south. Since this re-
gion, then, is one in which a large number of species are able to
live, there is bound to be a more or less keen competition for living-
room among its inhabitants. If one species for any reason loses
ground, another will sooner or later take its place. Interesting
cases of this sort are recorded ^ in w^hich Wood Thrushes have
invaded the former ranges of the Hermit Thrush after the great
mortality among the latter in 1895. A number of other instances
of a species losing ground on the borders of its range may be ex-
plicable by the fact that individuals habitually frequenting such
outlying localities are cut off in numbers by some severe and unex-
pected disturbance, so that their former habitat is left vacant for
occupancy by others. Many other causes doubtless enter into
the complexity of the problem. Cutting off of timber changes
both the future plant life and climate of the spot and consequently
the fauna. Thus cutting away a spruce forest, with its coolness
and dense shelter, gives ris^ to a growth of deciduous trees, whose
open branches allow the sun to dry up the moisture formerly held
by the denser trees, and thus a new fauna comes in.

Following is a list of forty-five birds of the Austral zones
which range north into the Transition zone of Massachusetts and
here breed :

Tympanuchus cupido^ Bonasa umbellus umbellus^ Colinus virgifiiaiius,
Zenaidura macrura, Sterna doiigalli, Sterna antillarum^ Larus atricilla,
./Egialitis vocifera, y^giulith meloda, Bartramia longicauda^ Butorides
virescens, Ardetta exilis, Megascops asi'o, Atitrostovitis voctferus, Coccygus
americanus^ Sayornis phoebe^ Myiarckus crtm'tus, Tyrannus iyraunus^
Vireo Jiavifrons^ Lajiitis ludovicianus migrajis^ Sitta carolinensis^ i^^f^^g^ H^Jx-
rvNAAyvo * ledyie^ aedon^ Cistothorus stellaris, Cistothorus palustris^ Galeoscoptes "
carolinensis^ Harporrkynchns rtiftis, Sialia sialis, Hylocichla musteltna,
Dendrceca discolor^ Dendrceca vigorsii\ Dendrceca CBstiva, Helviintho-
phila chrysoptera^ Piranga erythromelas, Icterus galbula^ Sturuella
magna, AgelcBus phcetticcus^ Molothrus ater, Passerina cyanea^ Pipilo
erythrophthalmus^ Spizella socialis^ Spizella pusilla, Ammodranius cau-
dacutus, Ainmodramus hensloxvtt\ Atnmodranius savannarinn passeritius,
Pocecetes graviineus.

1 Faxon, W., and R. Hoffmann; The Birds of Berkshire County, Massachu-
setts, pp. 9, 10. Allen, F. H. ; St. Johnsbury Caledonian, Sept. 11, 1896.

Faunal Areas 1 1

Birds which find their southern breeding limit in the Transition
zone, fall roughly into two classes, (i) upper Transition species
which are limited in their breeding range on the north by the
Canadian fauna and extend southward so as slightly to overlap
the Carolinian zone; (2) lower Canadian species which breed
more or less frequently in the upper Transition zone.

The following twelve species are examples of the first class : —

Rallus virgiuiauus^ Porzaua Carolina^ Podilymbus fodiceps?^ Atias
obscura ?^ Empidonax minimus^ Empidonax traillii alnorum, Tachycineta
bicolor /, Hyloct'chla fnscescens, Detidroeca pennsilvanica^ Dolickojiyx ot yzi-
vorus^ Melospiza georgiana^ Passerculus sand-wichensis savatina.

The second group includes the following eleven birds which
breed in Massachusetts: —

Gavia imbe)% Larus argentatus f ^ (Weepecket Id., Auk, IX, 1882, p.
226), NiittallorHis borealis^ Vireo solitarius^ Partis atricapillus^ Hyloci-
chla guttata fallasti, Dendi-O'ca virens, Compsothlypts americaiia tistiece P^
Helminthophila riibricapilla, Loxia curvirostra minor f^ Carpodacus pur-
pur eus P.

Cape Cod because of its peculiar character, deserves a passing
mention. The Gulf Stream is near enough on the south to make
its influence felt, and the cold Polar current flows not far away on
the north. Its sandy soil supports a growth of oaks and pitch
pine woods in many places, and cranberry bogs alternate with dry
fields. The long Usnea moss grows over a large part of the Cape
in the woods, affording thus a home for the Northern Parula
Warbler. Hermit Thrushes and Olive-sided Flycatchers summer
in small numbers in certain places. On the other hand so south-
ern a species as the Mockingbird has been found to probably
breed at Hyannis and North Truro, and the Florida Gallinule at
Provincetown. Bobolinks, Indigo Birds, and Rose-breasted Gros-
beaks are said to be entirely absent from the Cape in summer.
Among other interesting species of this area, the Terrapin {Mala-
deniys terrapinY a southern reptile, occurs in the waters along

iThe Terrapin was first recorded from Massachusetts by Dr. J.A.Allen
(Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1871, p. 260, read Mar. 16, 1870.) Speci-
mens were noted from New Bedford, Wareham and Nantucket. It was again
recorded by Mr. O, Bangs (tbid.,Yo\. 27, pp. 159-161, Oct., 1896) who ob-
tained specimens from the same region.

12 Birds of Massachusetts

the south shore of the Cape, and the Toad of this region has been
by some considered as a distinct species under the name of Btifo
fowleri Put. The Garter Snake known as Tha7nnophis sirtalis
ordinata, a southern form, occurs at least as far as the islands to
the south of the Cape. Here too, on Martha's Vineyard, the Her-
mit Thrush is found in summer about Lake Tashmoo. In short
the entire region is one of the most interesting in the State and
needs a more careful study.
» Canadian : This zone includes the higher regions of Worcester

and Berkshire Counties, above an altitude of from i,8oo to 2,000
feet. A southerly exposure forces the lower boundary of the zone
upward, but it is carried down by a northern slope which does not
get so great an insolation, or by streams and deep ravines which
furnish a large supply of moisture and consequent coolness by
evaporation. Canadian " islands " are of frequent occurrence in
the midst of Transition territory. These areas in Massachusetts,
are usually cedar swamps and occur often about the larger bodies
of water, or in low damp situations. The extensive cedar swamps
of Plymouth and Bristol Counties are instances of such " islands."
In them the cedars stand in clumps of two or three, causing a
slight elevation of the ground about their roots. Their thick tops
cast a dense shade upon the sphagnum-carpeted surface beneath.
An undergrowth of bushes often makes difficult any attempt to
penetrate into the swamp, a hindrance which is increased by the
extreme treacherousness of the ground itself. Cranberry bogs
skirt such swamps, and here the pitcher plant {Sarracenia pur-
purea)^ the sundew {Drosera rotundifolia) and the orchids Pogonia
and Calapogon luxuriate.

Apart from these islands, the Canadian zone of the uplands is
characterized by such trees as the Red Spruce {Ficea rubra) and
the White Pine {Pinus strobus) . This life zone in Massachusetts
belongs to the loiver^ rather than to the upper Canadian, and is
characterized by the following twenty-four breeding birds : —

Bonasa umbclliis togata^ Cryptoglanx acadica^ Sfhyrapicus varius, Dry-

obates villosus, Ceophlaeus pileatus abieticola, Nnttallornis borealis, Vireo

solitarius^ Regulu$ satrafa^ Sitta canadefisis^ Certhia familiaris ameri-

^xvo<«A.Arv, H ' u Ciina, S^nort'kuf^a' ktemalis^ Hylocichla ustulata sivainsoiiii^ Hylocichta

^ guttata pallasii\ Wihtnia canadetisis^ Geothlyf is Philadelphia^ Deiidraeca

Faunal Areas I^

C(Erulesce7is^ Dendrceca coronata, Dendrceca maculosa, Dendroeca black-
burnicB, Helmitithophila rubricapilla^ Junco hiemalis, Zonotrichia albicollis,
Spinus fintis f •, Loxia curvirostra mitior f.

It may be added that of these species, the Red Crossbill {Loxia
curvirostra minor) and the Pine Siskin {Spi?ius pijius) breed in
the State very irregularly so far as known, and may, because of
their erratic habits in this respect, be left out of consideration in a
discussion of our faunal areas. In this connection it is also inter-
esting to note the occurrence of the Tennessee Warbler {Helmin-
thophila peregrina), a bird of the Upper Canadian zone, which
was recorded by Dr. W. Faxon, as seen on Mt. Greylock. July 15
and 16, 1888, at about 3,000 feet altitude.

Hudsonian : The claim of this life zone to a place among the
faunal areas of Massachusetts rests at present, almost solely on
the occurrence of Bicknell's Thrush {Hylocichld alicice bicknelW) as
a regular summer resident near the summit of Mt. Greylock
(3,505 feet) . This bird is generally considered an Hudsonian spe-
cies, but it ranges into the upper Canadian zone in favored locali-
ties, as in the instance under consideration. Mention may be
made here of the occurrence of an Hudsonian Chickadee {Parus
hudsoniciis) on the 5th of June, 1896, on the edge of a dense cedar
swamp in Plymouth County.^ This swamp was of considerable
extent, and supported a small number of Canadian species of birds.
Although this record does not necessarily indicate that the Hud-
sonian Chickadee is, or ever was a breeding bird of Massachusetts,
it at least shows that there are areas in the State where, we may
assume, the bird finds congenial surroundings.

To sum up the entire discussion, Massachusetts belongs in the
main to the Transition and Canadian life zones, the Transition
occupying much of the area of less than 2,000 feet altitude, and
the Canadian corresponding to the area above that level. A tinge
of the Upper Austral fauna reaches the western valley bottoms, the
south shore and certain portions along the east coast. A mere
trace of the Hudsonian fauna is found on the summit of Mt. Grey
lock at an altitude of about 3,500 feet.

1 Chadbourne ; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 4, Oct., 1896, p. 346.

EXPLANATORY NOTE.

The annotations for the various localities following the general
status, of each species are compiled fr.om the following sources.
For more exact notice of these works see Bibliography.

Amherst : From " The Birds of Amherst," by Hubert Lyman Clark, 1887.

Berkshire : From " The Birds of Berkshire," by W. Faxon and R. Hoff-
mann, 1900.

Bristol County : From a manuscript list of the birds of Bristol County
kindly supplied especially for this work by Mr. Manton Copeland of
Taunton, assisted by Mr. Arthur C Bent.

Brookline : From "The Birds of Brookline," and "Additions," by Regi-
nald Heber Howe, Junior, 1900.

Cambridge (and vicinity including the coast from Lynn to Boston): From
Mr. William Brewster's notes in Chapman's " Handbook of the
Birds of Eastern North America," 1895.

Cohasset : From a manuscript list of the Birds of Cohasset kindly sup-
plied especially for this work by Mr. Henry Bryant Bigelow of
Cohasset.

Springfield : From " The Birds of Springfield and Vicinity," embodying
all former lists on the region, by Robert O. Morris, 1901.

Dedham : From the "Birds of Dedham," by Julius Ross Wakefield, 1891.

Essex County : From the "Birds of Essex County," by F. W. Putman,
1856. This list is included for its comparative historical interest.

Ipswich : From a manuscript list of the Birds of Ipswich kindly supplied
especially for this work by Dr. Charles W. Townsend of Boston.

Martha's Vineyard : From a list of the land-birds of Martha's Vineyard
Island compiled by the present authors from notes generously sup-
plied by Messrs. Henry V. Greenough, Herbert L. Coggins, Dr.
Walter Faxon, and others.

Nantucket: From a manuscript list of the Water-birds of Nantucket
kindly supplied especially for this work by Mr. George H. Mackay of
Boston.

Templeton : From "The Birds of Templeton," by Charles E. Ingalls,
1889.

Wellesley (and vicinity) : From " The Birds of Wellesley " and " The
Birds of Dover," by Albert Pitts Morse, 1897.

ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES.

1. Canachites canadensis (Linn.). Canada Grouse.
Accidental from the north. The records are : Gloucester, one

found in hemlock woods, September, 185 1, and given on the
authority of S. Jillson ; ^ Roxbury, a bird was shot in November,
*' a few years since," i. e. prior to 1869.^

2. Tympanuchus cupido (Linn.). Heath Hen.

Once unquestionably common in portions of the State, " but
long since extirpated except on the island of Martha's Vineyard,
where they still exist, but are present only in small numbers."*

Martha's Vineyard: "Uncommon resident,"

3. Bonasa umbellus (Linn.). Ruffed Grouse.

A common permanent resident. Most of the Ruffed Grouse in
Massachusetts are more or less intermediate between this and the
following subspecies, but .the majority of those birds occurring
in the southeastern portion are more nearly referable to B.
um bell us iwibellus.

Amherst: "Common resident." Berkshire: "Common permanent
resident." Bristol County : "Common permanent resident." Brookline :
"Common permanent resident." Cambridge : Common permanent resi-
dent. Cohasset : "Common resident." Dedham : "Common resident."
Essex County : "Resident. Common." Ipswich : " Common in west-
ern part of township." Martha's Vineyard : "Common resident." Spring-
field : "Common resident." Templeton : "Common resident." Wel-
lesley : " Common resident."

4. Bonasa umbellus togata (Linn.). Canadian Ruffed
Grouse.

This bird occurs throughout the higher portions of the Berk-
shires as a resident. " Three specimens killed in North Adams,"
are "nearly typical examples " of the race.*

5. Colinus virginianus (Linn.). Bob-white.

* Brewster; Auk, Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1885, pp. 80-84.

1 Putnam; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. I, 1856, p. 224.

^ Allen ; Amer, Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 636, p. 38 of separate.

^ Faxon and Hoffmann ; The Birds of Berkshire, 1900, p. 148, p. 42 of separate.

1 6 Birds of Massachusetts

A common permanent resident, though varying greatly in num-
bers during different seasons. The birds on Cape Cod and on
Martha's Vineyard were introduced from western stock after the
practical extinction of the native birds in about 1850.

Amherst: " Uncoinnion resident." Berkshire: " Permanent resident."
Bristol County: "Common permanent resident." Brookline : "A per-
manent resident." Cambridge: Common permanent resident. Co-
hasset : " Common resident." Dedham : " Common resident." Essex
County: "Resident. Abundant." Ipswich: " Common resident." Mar-
tha's Vineyard: "Common resident." Springfield: "Common resi-
dent." Templeton: "Rare resident." Wellesley: "Common resident."

6. Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.). Passenger Pigeon.
Formerly an abundant spring and autumn migrant and common

local summer resident. Now nearly extirpated, but as Mr. O.
Bangs saw them in October, 1900, in Connecticut they may yet
occur here. There are no authentic records for the State since
1889, when a pair bred at Plymouth, according to H. J. Thayer ;i
it was also seen during the same year at Templeton, and one was
taken at Norton, in Bristol County.

March 10 to October 16. (Winter).*

Amherst: "Uncommon migrant." Berkshire: "Practically extermi-
nated." Bristol County: "Last recorded at Norton, Aug. 23, 1889."
Brookline : " Formerly .... a rare migrant." Cambridge : Rare and
irregular transient visitant. Dedham : One taken in 1863 and another
in 1874. Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common." Springfield:
Abundant until 1876, becoming rarer until 1880, the last one seen being in
the spring of 1884 at Southwick. Templeton: "Irregular summer resi-
dent. Very rare since 1879." Wellesley : Very rare. Formerly a com-
mon summer resident.

7. Zenaidura macrura (Linn.). Mourning Dove.

A common, but local summer resident, becoming rarer near the
coast ; it winters rarely.

March 5 to November 15. (Winter.)

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Summer resi-
dent, not uncommon in southern part of the county." Bristol County:
"Rather rare transient visitant, probably breeds." Cambridge: Occa-
sional during summer. Cohasset : " Rare." Dedham : Two instances.

1 Thayer; Forest and Stream, Vol. XXXIII, Oct. 31, 1889, p. 288.
* Dates in parentheses' are abnormally early c^r late dates.

Annotated List of Species 1*7

Essex County: "Summer resident. Rather rare." Springfield: "Com-
mon summer, and a very rare winter, resident." Templeton : " Rather
rare summer resident." Wellesley : "Not uncommon summer resident."

8. Rallus elegans Aud. King Rail.

An accidental visitant from the South. The records are : Na-
hant^ one taken November 21, 1875 ^; (Brewer's record of a bird
taken here in the spring of 1876, probably refers to this speci-
men) : Sicdbury Meadows^ Mr. G. E. Browne took one " some years
since," i. e. prior to 1878;^ Sp7'ing field, a male taken on Long-
meadow, October 19, 1895, by Mr. W. C. Pease.*

9. Rallus crepitans Gmel. Clapper Rail.

An accidental visitant from the south. The records are :
Massachusetts^ one presented by Theodore Lyman, to the Boston
Society of Natural History, August 7, 1850;^ Dedham^ an adult
taken by Mr. G. E. Browne in 1863 ; ^ Taunto7i, one shot by Mr. C.
L. Blood, on October 9, 1864 ; ^ Boston Harbour, one flew aboard a
vessel, and was captured. May 4, 1875, and is now in the mounted
collection of the Boston Society of Natural History ; ' Plymouth, one
taken at Gurnet Point by Mr. Arthur Smith, October, 1879 ; ^ Ips-
wich, J. F. LeBaron informed Mr. C. J. Maynard that he shot one
"some years ago" [prior to 1870];^ Kifigston, one taken at
Rocky Nook, December 29, 1885 ; ^° Springfield^ two instances at
Northampton and Hadley Meadows ; ^^ East Orleans, a male taken
November 30, 1895, by Mr. J. G Rogers, and now in the collec-
tion of Mr. William Brewster. ^'-^

iPurdie; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1877, p. 22.

2 Purdie; ibid., Vol. Ill, No. 3, July, 1878, p. 146.

3 Morris; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. i, Jan., 1896, p. 86.
"Cabot; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. Ill, 1851, p. 326.
^Wakefield ; Birds of Uedham, 1 891, p. 71.
^Copeland; in MS.

' Purdie; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1877, p. 22.
8 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VI, No. i, Jan., 1881, p. 62.
^Maynard; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 145.

10 Browne; Auk, Vol. IV, No. 4, Oct., 1887, P- 344-

11 Morris; Auk, Vol. IX, No. i, Jan., 1892, p. 74, and Birds of Springfield,
1901, p. 13.

12 Brewster; Auk, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Apr., 1901, p. 135.

1 8 Birds OF Massachusetts

10. Rallus virginianus Linn. Virginia Rail.

A common local summer resident, wintering on Cape Cod and
once at Worcester.

April i8 to October 15 (November 27) ; Winter.

Amherst : Nests about Adam's Pond. Berkshire : " Rare summer
resident." Bristol County : " Uncommon summer resident." Brookline :
"Formerly a summer resident." Cambridge: Common summer resi-
dent. Dedham: "Common." Essex County : " Summer visitant. Rather
rare." Nantucket: "Not unusual." Springfield: "Abundant summer
resident." Wellesley : " Common summer resident."

11. Porzana Carolina (Linn.). Carolina Rail.
A common local smnmer resident.

April 14 to November i (December 20).

Amherst: " Occasional summer resident." Berkshire: " Rare summer
resident." Bristol County : " Uncommon summer resident." Brookline:
" An uncommon migrant." Cambridge : Very common summer resident.
Dedham: "Common." Essex County: " Summer visitant. Rather rare."
Ipswich: Two instances. Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: "Com-
mon summer resident," often "abundant during autumn." Templeton :
"Abundant summer resident." "Wellesley: " Common summer resident."

12. Porzana noveboracensis (Gmel.). Yellow Rail.
A rare spring and autumn migrant.

April to May ; September 2 to October 16.

Amherst: One instance; Northampton. Cambridge: Rare transient
visitant. Dedhain: " Rare." Springfield: " Rare visitor." Several in-
stances. Templeton: Mentioned. Wellesley: " Rare transient visitant. "^

13. Porzana jamaicensis (Gmel.). Black Rail.

An extremely rare summer resident. The records are : Ply-
mouth Harbour^ Clark's Island, one picked up dead in August,
1869;^ ^<?j-/^«, one found in the streets, September 20, 1874;^'
Chatham^ a pair with young in July, 1884, and a nest with eggs,
in May, 1885;'' Hazardville^ bred "a number of years ago'^
according to J. H. Batty.*

1 Purdie; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1877, p. 22.
'' Curtis ; Forest and Stream, Vol. VIII, Apr. 5, 1877, p. 129.
3 Allen ; Revised Birds of Mass., 1886, p. 236.
^ Morris; Birds of Springfield, 1901, p. 13.

Annotated List of Species 1 9

14. Gallinula galeata (Licht.) . Florida Gallinule.

An uncommon and local summer resident.* In addition to the
localities named below, it has been reported breeding at Cape
Cod.i

April 29 to October 9.

Cambridge : Uncommon summer resident. Nantucket : One instance.
Springfield: "Verj rare summer resident." Probably breeds. Wellesley :
" Rare summer resident."

15. lonornis martinica (Linn.). Purple Gallinule.

An occasional visitant from the south, having been taken once
in the breeding season. The records are : Stofteham, one bird
noted November 27, 1837 ; '^ Swampscott, one taken April 22, 1852 ; 3
Cape Cod, one obtained by Mr. William Brewster in April, 1870 ; *
Nantucket, one taken at Hummock Pond in October, 1872;^
Rockport, one shot by Robert Wendel, April 12, 1875 ; " Chatham^
one seen in flesh in the Faneuil Hall Market, Boston, in April,
1890, which had been caught in a trap; ^ Plymouth^ a female taken
April 9 [?], 1892, by C. C. Wood ; "^ Boxford, one caught in June,
1897 ; " another, supposed to be of the same species, and the mate,
were seen at the pond." ^

16. Fulica americana Gmel. American Coot.

An uncommon migrant, rare in spring and perhaps formerly a
summer resident.

March 29 to April 25 ; September 19 to November 7'.

Amherst: "Occurs occasionally." Berkshire: "Transient visitant in
the autumn." Bristol County : " Common fall transient visitant to the
ponds and rivers along the coast, rarer in spring." Brookline : " For-
merly not an uncommon migrant." Cambridge: Transient visitant;

rare in April, common September to November. Cohasset: "Rare in

* Brewster; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. i,' Jan., 1891, pp. 1-7.

1 Miller; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. i, Jan., 1891, pp. 118, 119.

2 Peabody ; Report on Birds of Mass., 1839, p. 258.

3 Putnam ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. I, 1856, p. 224.

^ Baird, Brewer and Ridgway ; Water Birds, Vol. I, 1884, P- S^S-

* Brewer ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX, 1879, P- 106.
^ Whitman; Amer. Nat., Vol. IX, No. 10, Oct., 1875, P- 573-
' Wood; O. and O., Vol. XVII, No. 5, May, 1892, p. 72.

' Farley ; Auk, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Apr., 1901, p. 190.

20 Birds of Massachusetts

fall." Dedham : "Sometimes common in fall." Essex County : "Spring
and autumn. Rare." Nantucket: "Scarce." Springfield: "Common
autumn visitor." Rare in spring. Wellesley : " Migrant .... not uncom-
mon in fall."

ly. Colymbus auritus Linn. Horned Grebe.

A regular and not uncommon winter resident, frequenting
rocky shores ; occurring as a migrant on lakes and streams. " A
few remain in summer " according to Dr. J. A. Allen. Mr. A. P.
Morse says that a pair were observed repeatedly at South Natick
in May, 1893 and 1894, and Dr. J. A. Allen also records a pair in
breeding plumage seen the first of June at Springfield.

October i to June.

Bristol County: " Common winter visitant to rivers and coast." Cam-
bridge : " Casual." Cohasset : " Rather common fall uiigrant and winter
resident." Essex County: "Winter. Rare." Nantucket: "Common."
Springfield : " Some autumns " young " quite common." " Adults rare."
Templeton: " Common during fall migrations." Wellesley: "Migrant,
casual."

18. Colymbus holboellii (Reinh.). Holboll's Grebe.

A regular, and not uncommon winter visitor along the coast.
Rare or casual inland. According to Dr. J. A. Allen it has been
taken late in May, in full bFeeding plumage, but most of the birds
seen from Massachusetts southward are young.

(Early September.) October 13 to late May.

Amherst; "Two taken at Belchertown ponds." Berkshire: "Acci-
dental visitant." Bristol County: "Probably an uncommon irregular
winter visitor." Cambridge: Casual. Cohasset: "Rare in fall,
occasional in winter." Essex County : " Winter, common." Nantucket:
"Rare." Springfield: " Chiefly an uncommon winter visitor." Temple-
ton: "Rare transient visitor during the migrations." Wellesley:
" Rather rare migrant."

19. Podilymbus podiceps (Linn,). Pied-billed Grebe.
A summer resident, breeding locally throughout the State, at

some places " in considerable numbers " (Berkshire). Common
in autumn as a migrant, but less so in the spring.
(Early February.) March i to November.

Amherst :" Not uncommon in Adams and Hadlej Ponds, and the
Conn. River." Berkshire : " Summer resident of very local distribution."
Bristol County : " Rather uncommon transient visitor to the ponds."

Annotated List of Species 21

Brookline : Formerly not uncommon. Cambridge : Transient visitant
in April ; very common Sept. to Nov. ; breeds in one locality. Cohasset :
"Abundant fall migrant, common in winter and spring." Dedham:
" Common in the fall." Essex County: "Fall and winter. Common."
Springfield: " Rare summer resident," and common migrant. Temple-
ton : Common during fall migrations. Wellesley : "Common migrant
especially in fall."

20. Gavia lumme (Gunn.). Red-throated Loon.

A not uncommon winter visitant off the coast ; more common
as a migrant in spring and autumn. Casual inland. Adult birds are
rarely seen on our coast.

October i to April 8 (July 2),

Bristol County : "An uncommon winter visitant along the coast. Com-
mon on migrations." Cambridge: One instance. Cohasset: "Com-
mon fall migrant, and winter resident." Essex County : "Winter. Young,
common. Adults, rare." Ipswich : Common in fall. Nantucket : " Com-
mon." Springfield : " Rare spring and fall visitor." W^ellesley : " Mi-
grant, rare."

Note: Gavia arf tea CLinn.). Black-throated Loon. Not positively'
known to occur in the State, although young birds supposedly of this
species are variously recorded.

21. Gavia imber (Gunn.). Loon.

xA spring and autumn migrant throughout the State on rivers and
lakes, and abundant as a winter resident off the coast, where bar-
ren or crippled birds are found in summer. Has been recorded
as late as 1889, as breeding in Ballou's, Otter River, aAd Well-
ington's Reservoirs, and other large ponds in Winchendon.

Amherst: "One taken at Adams Pond" [about 1870]. Berkshire:
"Transient visitant in the spring and autumn." Brookline : One taken
on Reservoir. Cambridge: Not common transient visitant. Cohas-
set: "Abundant fall migrant. Common in winter and spring." Essex
County: " Spring and autumn, and occasionally in the winter." Ded-
ham : "Occasionally seen." Ipswich: Common in fall and winter.
Nantucket: "Common." Springfield ; "Not uncommon spring and fall
visitor." Templeton : "Breeds." Wellesley :" Migrant."

22. Oceanodroma leucorrhoa (Vieill.). Leach's Petrel.
A common summer and autumn visitant off the coast. One

June record from Martha's Vineyard' Island. Occasional inland.
(June 15) September i to October 8.

22 Birds of Massachusetts

Berkshire: One instance, probably this species. Bristol County : One
inland record. Cambridge : Accidental visitant. One instance, October.
Cohasset: "Common in September and October." Essex County:
Mentioned. Ipswich: Several instances. Springfield: "Very rare visitor."
Several instances. Wellesley : " Accidental."

23. Oceanites oceanicus (Kuh].). Wilson's Petrel:
A common visitant off the coast in summer.

June 17 to first week of September.

Bristol County: "Uncommon summer visitant along the coast."
Cohasset: "Summer; rather common." Essex County: "Common."
Ipswich : " Seen rarely off the beach." Nantucket: " Common."

Note: Pelagodroma marina (Lath.). White-faced Petrel.

One was captured on September 2, 1885, on board the U. S. Fish Com-
mission Steamer, "Albatross" in Lat. 40^34' 18" N., 66° 09' W., which is
nearly two hundred miles off the coast, and the specimen can hardly there-
fore be considered as a Massachusetts bird, though included in Dr.
J. A. Allen's 1886 list.i

24. Puffinus gravis (O'Reilly). Greater Shearwater.

A common visitant off the coast in the summer, autumn, and
early winter. Accidental inland.

(June) August 16 to December 31.
Wellesley: "Accidental inland." August 10, 1887, correct date, not
November.

25. Puffinus borealis Cory. Cory's Shearwater.

A not uncommon late summer and autumn visitant off the coast.
An unusual. flight of these birds occurred in the autumn of 1886.^

August 2 to the first of November.

Nantucket: " Fairly common some years." Bristol County: " Occurred
abundantly in Buzzards Bay during fall of 1886."

Note: Puffinus puffinus (Briinn.). Manx Shearwater.

Included in Putnam's List, 1856, on the strength of a skull in the
Essex Institute Collection taken from a bird killed in Salem Harbor,
August 13, 1855. (p. 225.) As Prof. Putnam cannot at this time remember
anything in regard to the record, and as the skull is not to be found, the
species is not here enumerated.

i Ridgway ; Auk, Vol. II, No. 4, Oct., 1885, pp. 386, 387.
2 Baird ; Auk, Vol. IV, No. i, Jan., 1887, pp. 71, 72.

Annotated List of Species 22

26. Puffinus fuliginosus Strickland. Sooty Shearwater.
A common visitant to the coast in summer and autumn, prob-
ably rarely wintering.

March. July 4 to September 3.

Bristol County: " A few occurred in Buzzards Bay during fall of 1886."
Nantucket: Once noted.

Note: Fulmarus glacialis (Liinn.). Fulmar.

Accidental, the only record (and this of a bird taken too far off the coast
to be enumerated as a Massachusetts specimen) is as follows : " Early in
November last [1878] I saw a living specimen of this bird in the yard of
Mr. Geo. O. Welch, to whom it had been sent for mounting, and I subse-
quently learned from Mr. Milner, Prof. Baird's assistant, that it had been
taken by Capt. Wm. Sweet of the fishing schooner, Grace C. Hadley, Oct.
28, 1878, by a cod-hook on the eastern part of George's Bank." ' This
specimen is now in the U. S. National Museum.

27. Alca torda Linn. Razor-billed Auk.

An irregular winter visitant along the coast, sometimes not un-
common.

November i to April 15.

Cohasset : " Common off shore in fall and winter." Nantucket :
" Scarce."

28. Alle alle (Linn.). Little Auk.

An irregular, but often not uncommon winter visitant off the
coast. Casual inland whither it is driven by storms.

September. November 8 to May i.

Amherst: " Belchertown ponds; winter of 1872 many were blown in-
land." Bristol County : " One record at Attleboro." Brookline : " One
found dead about 1859 to '60." Cambridge : [Common in 1881. Forest
and Stream, Vol. VII, No. 14, p. 212]. Cohasset: " Rather rare in fall
and winter. Occasionally blown ashore in great numbers." Dedham :
"Large flocks driven inland in September, 1872." Essex County: " Win-
ter. Common in some, and rare in other winters." Ipswich: Common
in 1871. Forest and Stream, Vol. VII, No. 14, p. 212. Springfield: "Ac-
cidental winter visitor." \A^ellesley : Occasional after storms.

Note: Utia troile {L,\nx\.). Murre.

Said to be a rare winter visitor to the coast, but we believe all of the
Murre records given as Ufia troile are referable to Uria lomvia, and after
examining a large series of specimens from the State we have yet to see

1 Brewer; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, No. i, Jan., 1S79, P- 64.

24

Birds of Massachusetts

a Massachusetts specimen,! although, as there are undoubted Maine records
it is not unlikely it may rarely occur. One (No. 8924) from Hudson, in the
mounted collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology labellecl U.
troile is without question U. lomvia.

29. Uria lomvia (Linn.). Brunnich's Murre.

A "common winter visitant along the coast," accidental inland.
Fully twenty birds were taken inland in the Southern New England
States during the last week of November, 1899, and curiously
enough this flight did not seem to be caused by any heavy storm.
Evidence is accumulating to show that there is a somewhat regular
migration across Southern New England from the Maine coast to
Long Island Sound.

Berkshire : " Accidental visitant." Three records. Bristol County :
"Winter visitant. One record." Brookline : Accidental. Cohasset:
" Rather rare in spring and fall." Essex County : " Winter. Not com-
mon." Ipswich: One record. Nantucket: "Common." Springfield
"A number recorded."

30. Cepphus grylle (Linn.). Black Guillemot.

A not uncommon winter visitant off the coast, but to the south
of Cape Cod it is rare.

November 5 to April 11. (May.)

Bristol County : " One taken on the Taunton River." Cohasset : " Fairly
common in fall and winter." Essex County : " Winter. Common."
Nantucket : " Scarce."

Note : Cepphus mandtii (Licht.). Mandt's Guillemot.

Has been accorded to the State as a rare winter visitant off the coast in
Dr. J. A. Allen's 1886 list ; but we know of no specimens ever having been
taken in the State, even the one Maine record being now expunged.

Note: Simorrhynchus cristatellus {Y*^\\.). Crested Auklet.

The following is of interest; but the evidence is hardly sufficient to
warrant enumeration: "While on a recent collecting trip to Chatham,
Mass., I was asked bv Mr. A. W. Baker, an intelligent and trustworthy
gunner and fisherman of that place, to give him the name of a bird killed
at Chatham during the winter of i884-'85, which he described as being
very much like a little Auk or Dovekie in form and color, though a little
larger, and having a tuft of narrow, pointed feathers on the front of the
head, curving upward and forward. From his minute description of the

1 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VII, No. 4, Oct., 1882, p. 251.

Annotated List of Species 25

oird it was evidently one of the Little Crested Auks, apparently Simor-
hynchus cristatelhis — a bird he had otherwise never seen or heard of, but
which he very accurately described. That the bird was one of the little
Crested Auks there can be no doubt." J. A. Allen ; Auk, Vol. II, No. 4»
Oct., 1885, p. 338.

31. Fratercula arctica (Linn.). Puffin.

An uncommon winter visitant to the coast. The only pre-
served Massachusetts specimen we know of is one from Cohasset
from the Collection of Matthew Luce, Jr., now in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology (No. 36021).

[November]. to [March].*
Cohasset: One instance. Essex County : "Winter. Rare."

32. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmel.) . Black
Tern.

A not uncommon summer visitant and autumn migrant. Casual
inland.

June 10 to September 26.

Ipswich : Three instances. Nantucket: " Not very abundant, August
usually." Wellesley : " Casual."

33. Gelochelidon nilotica (Hasselq.). Gull-billed Tern.
A rare straggler from the south. There is One record :

Ipswich, one taken in September, 187 1, by Mr. C. J. Maynard,
and now in Mr. William Brewster's collection.-^

34. Sterna caspia Pallas. Caspian Tern.

An irregular and uncommon visitant along the coast. The
records are : Chatham, quite numerous in the first week of
May, 1875, and fairly numerous in August and September, 1878,
and also observed at various points from Ipswich (at this latter
locality a flock of about six was seen, one of which was secured,
September 15, 187 1) to Nantucket-,'^ Boston Harbour^ a young

* Dates in brackets are approximated from other New England sources
where actual Massachusetts dates are unavailable.

1 Brewster; Amer. Nat., Vol. VI, No. 5, May, 1872, p. 306.

* Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, No. i, Jan., 1875, PP- M, 15.

26 Birds of Massachusetts

specimen taken ;^ Salem^ female shot in May (?) 1885;^ this
specimen is probably the same as that labelled " Lynn " in the
collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Marshjield,
two were shot September 26, 1891, one of which was a young
of the year;^ Nantucket, two females taken about September 20,

1893.'

35. Sterna forsteri Nutt." Forster's Tern.

A rare autumn visitant along the coast. The records are :
Ipswich^ one taken by Mr. C. J. Maynard, September, 1870;^
Coast, two or three young known to have occurred " within a year,"
i. e.^ about 1872;^ Chatham, "a number" seen by Dr. J. A.
Allen in August, 1885 ;' Monomoy Island, one in young plumage
taken October 2, 1888, by John C. Cahoon.^

36. Sterna hirundo Linn. Common Tern.

An abundant local summer resident along the coast. Casual
inland.*

(February 6) May i to October 24 (November 14).
Berkshire: Occasional. Bristol County: "A common summer resident
occurring up the rivers in fall." Cambridge : Casual in September. Co-
hasset : " Rather common in early autumn." Essex County : " Summer
visitant. Abundant " [formerly]. Ipswich: "Abundant in summer after
July." Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: "Very rare." One in-
stance. Templeton : " Rare straggler." Wellesley : "Casual on lakes
in summer."

' Stearns & Coues; New Eng. Bird Life, 1883, pt. II, p. 356.

2 X. Y. Z. ; Forest & Stream, Vol. XXIV, May 28, 1885, p. 347.

^Editor; O. & O., Vol. XVI, No. 10, Oct., 1891, p. 158.

'* Mackay; Auk, Vol. XI, No. i', Jan., 1894, p. 85.

= Brewster; Amer, Nat., Vol. VI, No. 5, May, 1872, p. 306.

^Purdie; ibid., Vol. VII, No. 11, Nov., 1873, P- 693.

''Allen; Revised List Birds Mass., 1886, p. 227.

«Cahoon; O. & O., Vol. XIV, No. 2, Feb., 1889, p. 28.

* Mackay; The Terns of Muskeget, Auk, Vol. XII, No. r, Jan., 1895, PP-
32-48; part II, tbid.^\o\. XIII, No. i, Jan., 1896, pp. 47-55; part III,
tbid.y Vol. XIV, No. 4, Oct., 1897, pp. 383-390 ; part IV, ibid., Vol. XV, No. 2^
Apr., 1898, pp. 268-272. The Terns of Penekese Island, ibid., Vol. XIV, No.
3, July, 1897, pp. 278-284. The Terns of Muskeget and Penekese, ibid.. Vol.

XVI, No. 3, July, 1899, pp. 259-266. Howe; The Terns of the Wee-

pecket Islands, ibid., Vol. XIV, No. 2, Apr., 1897, pp. 203-205.

Annotated List of Species 27

37. Sterna paradissea Briinn. Arctic Tern.

An uncommon local summer resident along the coast. Casual
inland.* Bred in Beverley in 1846, and at Ipswich in 1869.

May to October.

Essex County : "Summer visitant. flare." Ipswich : Formerly
bred. Nantucket : " Not very common." Wellesley : "Casual inland."
Two fall specimens at Lake Cochituate.

38. Sterna dougalli Montag. Roseate Tern.

A common local summer resident along the coast."*^ Bred on
islands in Beverley Harbour in 1846, and at Ipswich in 1869.

May I to October 4.

Bristol County : "Common summer resident." Cohasset : "One in-
stance." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Rare." Ipswich: Formerly
bred. Nantucket : " Common."

39. Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida (Cabot). Cabot's
Tern.

Accidental from the south. Two records : Chatham^ an
immature bird taken, August, 1865;^ Mono7noy Island^ near
Chatham, a young bird taken October 2, 1888, by J. C. Cahoon.^

40. Sterna maxima Bodd. Royal Tern.

Accidental from the south. Two records exist : Nantucket^ a
pair were taken by Messrs. William Brewster and C. J. Maynard,
July I, 1874.' Mr. Maynard writes that they were "evidently
breeding." Chatham, a female was taken July 29, li

41. Sterna fuliginosa Gmel. Sooty Tern.

Accidental from the South. The records are : Lawrence, on
the Merrimack River, an adult male taken October 29, 1876 ; ^
Williamstowfi, near the Hoosac River, September [1876] ; ^ and
Chatham, three seen by Mr. W. A. Jeffries, September, 1877."^

* See references under Sterna hinuido.

1 Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 644, p. 45 of separate.

2 Brewster; Auk, Vol. VI, No. i, Jan., 1887, pp. 66, 67.

^ Brewster; Amer. Sportsman, Vol. V, Jan. 16, 1875, p. 249.

* Editor; O. & O., Vol. XV, No. 7, July, 1890, p. no.

' Deane; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1877, p. 27.
^Tenney ; Amer. Nat., Vol. XI, No. 4, Apr., 1877, p. 243.
'Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIX, 1878, p. 308.

28 Birds of Massachusetts

42. Sterna antillarum (Less.). Least Tern.

A not uncommon summer resident on the coast."* It breeds on
Martha's Vineyard, Muskeget Island, Cape Cod and formerly on
Penekese Island.

Cohasset : " One instance." Essex County : " Summer visitant. Not
common." Ipswich: Formerly bred. Nantucket: "Fairly common."

43. Rynchops nigra Linn. Black Skimmer.

A very rare and irregular summer visitant along the coast.
Mr. William Brewster was informed by a Nantucket fisherman
that it bred on Muskeget Island about 1830. The records
are: Cape Cod, " flocks," July, 1605 ; ^ Sandwich, three specimens
August 19, 1879;^ Falmouth, Wood's Holl, a young bird taken
August 19, 1879, by John F. Carlton* and now in the collection
of the Boston Society of Natural History ; Boston Harbour^ Pe-
tock's Island, one was taken August 20, 1879.^ I^ addition to
these, there is a second specimen in the collection of the Boston
Society of Natural History, labelled Falmouth.

44. Xema sabinii (Sab.). Sabine's Gull.

Accidental from the far north. The records are : Boston Harbour.,
an immature specimen was taken on September 27, 1874, by Mr.
H. W. Diamond.* This bird is now in the collection of Mr.
William Brewster. Cape Cod, an immature bird was taken in
1888;^ near North Truro, a fine adult female was shot August
21, 1889.6

45. Larus Philadelphia (Ord). Bonaparte's Gull.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and an uncommon win-
ter resident : occasional inland.

May 10 to June 9 ; July 31 to November 25. Winter.

* See references under Sterna hirjindo.

^ Voyages of Samuel de Champlain ; 1604-1610, ed. 1878, Vol. II, p. 87 : See
Purdie; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VII, No. 2, Apr., 1882, p. 125.

2 Deane; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, No. 4, Oct., 1879, p. 243.

3 Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX, May 7, 1879, P- 277 in foot-
note.

''Brewster; Amer. Sportsman, Vol. V, Mar. 13, 1875, P- Zl'^-
^Editor; O. & O., Vol. XIV, No. 6, June, 1889, p. 95.
6 Miller; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 3, July, 1890, p. 227.

Annotated List of Species

29

Berkshire: "Rare transient visitant in the spring and autumn."
Bristol County: "Common on migrations." Cohasset : "Common in
fall." Essex County : " September to May. Common." Ipswich: " Com-
mon in August and September." Nantucket: "Common." Springfield:
" Rare visitor." Wellesley : " Migrant. Casual on lakes."

46. Larus atricilla Linn. Laughing Gull.

A not uncommon local summer resident, breeding on Muskeget
Island ; ^ casual island.

May 8 to October i.

Essex County: "Autumn. Rare." Ipswich: Recorded. Nantucket:
*' Common."

47. Larus marinus Linn, Black-backed Gull.

A common winter resident on the coast, occasionally visiting
the ponds, creeks and rivers a short distance inland. Birds pre-
sumably barren remain throughout the summer.

Late August to May 27 ; July and August.

Bristol County: "Rather common winter visitant off the coast." Cam-
bridge : [Occasional on Fresh Pond.] Cohasset : "Common in fall and
winter, rare in spring." Essex County : " Winter. Not abundant."
Ipswich : " Common throughout the fall and winter." Nantucket :
"Common."

48. Larus argentatus Briinn. Herring Gull.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant, and winter resident
along the coast. Not uncommon on inland bodies of water. In
summer, it is now known on our coast only in flocks of presumably
barren birds. It is not improbable that it formerly bred in the
State, the only record, however, — and this, we believe, open to
question — is of a pair said to have nested on the middle We[e]-
pecket Island, Buzzards Bay, in the summer of 1888.^

October 6 to May i ; Summer.

Amherst : " A few taken at Belchertown Ponds." Berkshire : Extreme-
ly rare. Bristol County: "Abundant winter visitant." Brookline :
"Occasionally seen flying over." Cambridge : Abundant winter visitant.
Cohasset : "Abundant in fall, winter and spring. Barren birds stay all
summer." Dedham : " One seen flying over." Essex County : " Winter.
Common." Ipswich: " Abundant resident." Nantucket: "Common."

iMackay; Auk, Vol. X, No. 4, Oct., 1893, pp. 333-336.
^ Mackay ; Auk, Vol. IX, No. 3, July, 1892, p. 226.

^O Birds of Massachusetts

Springfield: " Common winter visitant." Wellesley : Frequent in spring
and fall.

49. Larus delawarensis Ord. Ring-billed Gull.
A not uncommon migrant in spring and autumn.
July 31 to October 19 ; June.

Essex County : "Winter. Common." [?] Ipswich: " Not uncommon
migrant." Wellesley : "Casual migrant." Lake Cochituate.

Note: Larus hi;tilieut Brewst. Kumlien's Gull. Probably a not un-
common winter visitant.

50. Larus glaucus Brilnn. Glaucous Gull.
A rare winter visitant from the north.
November 30 to April i.

51. Larus leucopterus Faber. Iceland Gull.

A very rare winter visitant to the coast. There are but two
definite records : Boston Milldam, " an immature specimen [was
procured] on the 31st of January, 1880. It was in company with
another of the same species and from twenty to thirty Herring
Gulls." ^ Near Boston, an immature specimen was taken in No-
vember, 1882.^ Peabody in his list (1839, p. 381) inserts it " on
the authority of Dr. [T. M.] Brewer who obtained it near Bos-
ton."

Essex County: "Winter. Common." [An evident error.]

52. Pagophila alba (Gunn.). Ivory Gull.

Accidental from the far north : there is but one record : Mon-
omoy Island, one was shot after a northwest blow, December i ,
1886, by one of the men of the Life Saving Station.'

53. Rissa tridactyla (Linn.). Kittiwake Gull.

A common winter resident off the coast ; casual inland.
October 2 to March i.

Bristol County : " Uncommon winter visitant off the coast; common in
the fall." Cohasset : "Common in fall and winter." Essex County :

1 Bangs; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VI, No. 2, Apr., 1881, p. 124.
= Cory; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Vil, No. i, Jan., 1882, p. 60.
3 Cahoon ; O. & O., Vol. XII, No. 12, Dec, 1887, p. 206.

Annotated List of Species ^I

"Winter. Common." Ipswich: "A few" in fall and winter. Nan-
tucket: "Common." Templeton : "A rare straggler from th^ coast,
after the prevalence of easterly storms."

54. Megalestris skua (Briinn.). Skua.

A pelagic species, casual off the coast in late summer and
autumn. There are but two records ; the specimen taken over
one hundred miles off shore was too far from land to be really
included as a Massachusetts bird, /. e. George's [Banks], one
was " captured alive by means of a hook," and was kept alive on
a fishing vessel. This bird was found dead on the i8th of July
[1878] by one of Prof. Baird's party at the Fort Wharf, Glouces-
ter.^ The specimen is now in the U. S. National Museum. Nan-
tucket Shoals, two were seen on October 11, 1883 ; ^ Polluck Rip,
a female was taken September 10, 1884, by N. S. Goss.*

55. Stercorarius pomarinus (Temm.). Pomarine Jaeger.
A not uncommon spring and autumn visitant off the coast,

occurring rarely in summer, A female was taken on the Merri-
mack River, July 5, 1889.*

May 23 ; July 5 to [October 30].

Bristol County: "Abundant in Buzzards Bay fall of 1886."

56. Stercorarius longicaudus Vieill. Long-tailed Jaeger.
A rare migrant off the coast in spring and autumn, rare in

winter.

Nantucket : " Occasional."

57. Stercorarius parasiticus (Linn.). Parasitic Jaeger.
A fairly common visitant to the coast in spring, summer and

autumn. Rare in winter.

May 31 to (July 15) ; July to September 25; January and
February.

Bristol County : " Abundant in Buzzards Bay fall of 1886." Cohasset :
"Not uncommon in fall — rare in winter." Essex County: "Winter.
Rare."

1 Brewer ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. 4, Oct., 1878, p. 188.

* Extract Ann. Rep. Comm. Fish and Fisheries, 1882, pp. 323, 324.
3 Goss; Auk, Vol.1, No. 4, Oct., 1884, p. 395.

* Editor; 0.& 0., Vol. XIV, No. 11, Nov., 1889, p. 176.

32 Birds of Massachusetts

58. Arenaria interpres (Linn.). Turnstone.

A not uncommon spring and autumn migrant on the coast.
Casual inland.

May I to 26 ; (June 24) July 27 to September 15.

Bristol County : " Rather common transient visitant along coast."
Cohasset : "Common in fall, rare in spring." Essex County: " Last of
May and August. Rather rare." Ipswich : "Rather common transient
visitant." Nantucket: "Common." Springiield : "Rare autumn visi-
tor."

59. Hsematopus palliatus Temm. American Oyster-
catcher.

Accidental from the south. The records are : Boston Har-
bour^ one was shot from a flock, prior to the summer of 1814 ; -^
Marshfield^ a pair were procured by Daniel Webster and presented
to the Boston Society of Natural History ; ^ Chaihain^ one was
shot in April, 1885, at Monomoy Island, by Alonzo Nye ; 3
Chatha?n, an adult male and a female, probably its mate, shot
August [20], 1899, by Mr. Charles A. Hardy.^

60. Squatarola squatarola (Linn.). Black-bellied Plover.
A rather common spring and autumn migrant on the coast.

Casual inland. "^

April 15 to May 26 (June 18); July 8 to November 16 (De-
cember) .

Bristol County: "Rather common transient visitant." Cohasset:
"Rather common in spring and fall." Dedham : Recorded. Essex
County: "May, and August to November. Common." Ipswich:
*' Common transient visitant." Nantucket : "Common." Springfield :
*' Accidental visitor." June.

61. Charadrius dominicus Miill. American Golden
Plover.

Formerly a rare spring, but common autumn migrant : now rare
in the autumn. Casual inland.t

1 Wilson ; Amer. Orn., Vol. VIII, 1814, p. 17.
^ Baird, Brewer and Ridgway ; Water Birds, Vol. I, 1874, p. 1 13.
3 Brewster; Auk, Vol. II, No. 4, Oct., 1885, p. 384, and Cahoon ; O. & O.,
Vol. X, No. 10, Oct., 1885, p. 160.

^Brewster ; Auk, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Apr., 1901, p. 136.
* Mackay; Auk, Vol. IX, No. 2, Apr., 1892, pp. 143-152.
t Mackay; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. i, Jan., 1891, pp. 17-24.

Annotated List of Species 7 7

May ; August 12 to October 2,7 (November 19).

Bristol County : "Uncommon transient visitant." Cohasset: "Rare
in fall." Dedham : Recorded. Essex County : " May, and August to
November. Abundant." Ipswich : " Not uncommon transient visitant.'*
Nantucket : " Formerly abundant, now rare." Springfield : " Rare au-
tumn visitor." Templeton : "Rare migrant." Wellesley : "Occasional
on lake shores, marshes, etc."

62. iEgialitis wilsoni (Ord). Wilson's Plover.
Accidental from the south. Although early writers include this

species as ** abundant at Nahant in August, 1838 " on the
authority of Dr. Brewer, the latter refuted the statement. The
only tenable record is : Gernet Ft., [not in Conn, as originally pub-
lished] one was shot on August 22, 1877, by Mr. Arthur S.
Fiske.i

63. iEgialitis vocifera (Linn.). Killdeer Plovek.

An uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and a rare local
summer resident, breeding at Martha's Vineyard, Taunton and
Springfield. A very unusual flight occurred along the New Eng-
land coast in November, 1888, when numbers were blown north-
ward by a hurricane. Many of these birds remained throughout
the winter that season.

March i to November 28.

Amherst : " Occasional, by the Connecticut, but very rare in Am-
herst." Berkshire : " Formerly common, now very rare." Bristol
County : " Uncommon transient visitant. Rare summer visitant." Cam-
bridge : " Accidental visitant. Two instances, September." Cohasset :
" Very rare or accidental in fall." Dedham : "Taken at West Dedham."
Essex County : "April and August. Rare." Ipswich : " Rare." Nan-
tucket : " Formerly abundant, now rare." Springfield : " A rare summer
resident." Com.mon August, 1899. Wellesley : " Rare in spring and
fall."

64. .i^gialitis semipalmata Bonap. Semipalmated Plover.
A common spring and abundant autumn migrant on the coast.

Occasional inland.

Last of April to June ; July 12 to October 28.

Berkshire: "Rare transient visitant." Bristol County: "Common
transient visitant." Brookline : " One record, August." Cambridge :

1 Coues; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VII, No. i, Jan., 1882, pp. 58-59.

34

Birds of Massachusetts

Rare in spring, sometimes common in August and September. Cohas-
set : " Abundant in fall, common in spring." Essex County : "Abun-
dant." Ipswich : " Abundant transient visitant." Nantucket : " Com-
mon." Springfield: "Accidental visitor."" One instance. Wellesley :
" Occasional inland in fall on lake shores."

65. iEgialitis meloda (Ord). Piping Plover.

A not uncommon summer resident and migrant along the
coast. Casual inland.

(March 26) April 8 to August 10.
Amherst: One instance. May. Bristol County : " Common transient
visitant along coast. A few breed." Cohasset : " Rather common in
late summer." Essex County : " Summer visitant. Rare." Ipswich: A
few summer. Breeds on sand dunes. Nantucket : " Common." Welles-
ley: "Sometimes rather common in fall along Lake Cochituate."
Springfield: " One record only." Amherst.

Note : ^-iLgtalitis meloda circicmcincta Ridgw. Belted Piping Plo-
ver.

Although two specimens apparently referable to this subspecies have
been taken in Massachusetts (Marshfield, April 20, 1896,* and East
vSandwich, April 5, 1884, by Dr. Charles W. Townsend) we are of
the opinion, that, as both are males and spring birds, it is more likely
that they are cases of individual variation of ^^. meloda, rather than strag-
glers from the far west.

66. Himantopus mexicanus (Milll.). Black-necked Stilt.
Accidental from the south. The records are : Massachusetts^

Mr. C. J. Maynard " gives it, on the authority of gunners and
others," as occasionally seen along the sandy beaches.^ Massa-
chusetts^ two specimens seen in the Boston Market by Mr. G. A.
Boardman, which were taken in the State. 3 There is also a speci-
men in the mounted collection of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology labelled from Lynn (No. 57039).

67. Recurvirostra americana (Linn.). American Avocet.
Accidental from the west. The records are : Natick, Lake

iBrackett; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 3, July, 1896, p. 256.
' Maynard; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 143.

^ Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 638, pp. 39, 40 of
separate.

Annotated List of Species 'iC

Cochituate, one example taken October 19, 1880;^ Lynn, two
were shot " years ago on Lynn marsh ; " - Ipswich Neck, three
shot September 13, 1896, by Mr. A. B. Clark.*

68. Numenius longirostris Wils. Long-billed Curlew.
A now very rare or even accidental migrant.

July 20 to October 18.

Berkshire: " Accidental visitant." Dedham : Recorded. Essex County :
" Rather rare." Nantucket: " Very rare."

69. Numenius hudsonicus Lath. Hudsonian Curlew.

A rare spring, and rather uncommon autumn migrant on the
coast. Casual inland.

April 10 to May 19 ; (June 23) July 14 to October i.

BrookHne : "One instance. May." Cohasset: "Rather common in
early autumn."' Dedham: Recorded. Ipswich: " Not common transient
visitant." Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: "A rare migrant." Two
instances.

70. Numenius borealis (Forst.). Esquimo Curlew.
Formerly a common autumn migrant on the coast, accidental in

spring. Now very rare.*

End of May; July 15 to October i.

Bristol County: "Two records, September 18 and 21." Cohasset:
" Formerly not very rare, now only accidental." Nantucket : " Formerly
abundant, now scarce."

71. Limosa hsemastica (Linn.). Hudsonian Godwit.

A rare spring, and irregular but common autumn migrant on the
coast.

April 29 to May 25 ; July 15 to November 3.

Bristol County: "One instance, September." Dedham : " Occasionally
shot." Essex County : " August to November. Rare." Ipswich : " Two
instances. August 29 and September 18." Nantucket: "Scarce." Wel-
lesley: "Migrant."

72. Lrimosa fedoa (Linn.). Marbled Godwit.
Formerly a rare, and now, a very rare, spring and autumn

1 Purdie ; Bull. Nutt. Om. Club, Vol. VI, No. 2, Apr., 1881, p. 123.
* Osgood ; Shooting and Fishing, Vol. IX, No. 12, Oct. 30, 1890, p. 11.
3 Kennard ; Auk, Vol. XIV, No. 2, Apr., 1897, p. 212.
*Mackay ; Auk, Vol. IX, No. i, Jan., 1892, pp. 16-21. /

^6 Birds of Massachusetts

migrant on the coast. Mr. Fletcher Osgood was informed that
" back in the '40's probably " it bred " now and then on the Lynn
marsh." ^

May 20 ; July 17 through August.

Dedham : " One instance." Essex County : "August. Rare."

73. Macrorrhamphus griseus (Gmel). Dowitcher.

A rather uncommon autumn, but rare spring migrant on the
coast. Occasional inland.*

(March 8) May i to June i ; (June 18); July 9 to September 30.

Bristol County: " Kather common transient visitant.'" Cohasset :
"Common in fall, less so in spring." Dedham: " Occasionally sliot."
Essex County : *' May and August. Common." Ipswich: One instance.
August. Nantucket: " Scarce." Springfield : " Rare spring and autumn
migrant." Templeton: "Rare migrant." Wellesley : "Occasional,
sometimes not very uncommon in fall on lake shores."

"74. Macrorrhamphus griseus scolopaceus (Say). Long-
bulled Dowitcher.

A rare straggler in autumn from the west."*^
August 29 to November 3.
Nantucket : " Scarce."

75. Micropalama himantopus (Bonap.) . Stilt Sandpiper.
An irregular, but not uncommon autumn migrant on the coast.

Casual inland.

July 19 to September 29.

Cohasset : " Rare in fall." Ipswich : Recorded. Nantucket: " Scarce."
Wellesley : '* Accidental inland." July at Needham.

76. Symphemia semipalmata (Gmel.). Willet.

A rare spring and autumn migrant along the coast. It undoubt-
edly bred formerly, near New Bedford'^ and on'Muskeget Island. 3
Occasional inland.

May 2 to 31 (June 15) ; July 8 to last of September.

1 Osgood; Shooting and Fishing, Vol. IX, No. i, Oct. 30, 1890, p. 12.
* Howe; Auk, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Apr., 1901, pp. 157-162.

2 Audubon ; Birds of Amer., Vol. V, 1842, p. 324.

^ Baird, Brewer and Ridgway ; Water Birds, Vol. I, 1884, p. 287.

Annotated List of Species i^

Berkshire: " Accidental visitant. Williamstown, one record." Bristol
County: " LTncominon transient visitant." Cohasset : "Rare in fall."
Dedham : Recorded. Essex County : " August. Rare." Ipswich :
Occasional. Nantucket : " Scarce." Springfield : " Rare spring and
autumn visitor." Wellesley : "One example, Lake Cochituate in
autumn."

77. Totanus melanoleucus(Gmel.). Greater Yellow-legs.
An abundant spring, and common autumn migrant. According

to Dr. J. A. Allen " a few linger in summer."

April 4 to May 29 ; (June 15) ; July 8 to November 12.
Berkshire: "Not rare transient visitant in the spring and autumn."
Bristol County : " Common transient visitant." Cambridge : Common
transient visitant. Cohasset: " Common in autumn, abundant in spring."
Dedham: " Rather common migrant." Essex County : " May, and Aug-
ust to the middle of October." Ipswich : " Common transient visitant."
Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: " A common spring and autumn
visitant." Templeton : " A rare migrant. Formerly common." Wel-
lesley : " Occasional on lake shores in autumn and spring after storms."

78. Totanus flavipes (Gmel.). Lesser Yellow-legs.

An uncommon spring, an abundant autumn migrant. ^>>/vn«>^

May 3 to June 2 (June 15) ; July 6 to September 29.

Brookline : " A rare migrant." Cambridge : " Rare in May, sometimes
common in August and early September." Cohasset: "Numerous
in fall, common in spring." Dedham : " Rather common migrant."
Essex County: "May and August. Common." Ipswich: "Common
transient visitant." Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: "A rare
spring and autumn visitor." Templeton : " A rare migrant." Wellesley :
" Frequently taken on ponds and streams."

79. Helodromas solitarius (Wils.). Solitary Sandpiper.
A rather common spring and autumn migrant, especially inland.

" Stragglers sometimes remain in summer," according to Dr. J. A.
Allen.

May 2 to May 26 (June) ; July 20 to the last of October.

Amherst: "Uncommon migrant." Berkshire: " Common transient vis-
itant."' Bristol County : "Rather common transient visitant." Brook-
line: "Common migrant, especially in spring." Cambridge: Common
transient visitant. Cohasset: "Rare in spring and autumn." Dedham:
" Common migrant." Essex County: " September and October. Ratb.er
rare." Ipswich: " Two or three seen every August." Nantucket: "Not
abundant." Springfield : " Common early autumn and late spring vis-

38

Birds of Massachusetts

itor." Templeton: " Common summer resident." [Doubtless an error].
Wellesley: "Migrant."

80. Actitis macularia (Linn.). Spotted Sandpiper.
A very common summer resident.

April 19 to October 5 (November 6).

Amherst :" Common summer resident." Berkshire: " Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County: "Common summer resident." Brook-
line: "A not uncommon migrant." Cambridge: Common summer
resident. Cohasset : "Common in spring and fall; a few breed."
Dedham : "Common." Essex County: " Summer visitant. Common."
Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Nantucket: "Common."
Springfield: "Abundant summer resident." Templeton: "Common
in summer." Wellesley: " Common summer resident."

81. Pavoncella pugnax (Linn.). Ruff.

Accidental from tlie Old World. The records are : Newbiiryport
Marshes, an adult female taken May 20, 187 1 ; ^ Chatham^ a young
male [female?] shot September 12, 1880, as per label on the speci-
men which is now in the mounted collection of the Brookline High
School.^

82. Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.). Bartramian Sand-
piper.

Formerly a not uncommon summer resident, but now occurring
chiefly as an uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and breeding
locally.

April 10 to October i.

Amherst : " A rare summer resident, not uncommon in the fall." Berk-
shire : " Transient visitant in the spring and autumn." Bristol County :
" Rather common transient visitant." Cambridge : Not common transient
visitant. Cohasset: "One instance." Essex County: "April, and Au-
gust to October. Not abundant." Ipswich :" Not uncommon transient
visitant." Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: " Rather rare summer
resident, breeding in Russell and Blandford." Templeton : " Not rare in
the autumn." [Breeds at Winchendon. — Brewster]. Wellesley: "Scarce
migrant."

83. Ereunetes pusillus (Linn.). Semipalmated Sandpiper.

' Brewster; Amer. Nat., Vol. VI, No. 5, May, 1872, p. 306.
2 Forest and Stream, Vol. XV, No. 10, Oct. 7, 1880, p. 186.

Annotated List of Species 'IQ

A common spring and abundant autumn migrant. Birds pre-
sumably barren remain on the coast all summer.

May I to May 25 ; (June 25) July 3 to October 8.
Berkshire: "Transient visitant." Bristol County: "Abundant tran-
sient visitant." Cambridge : Very common in August and September.
Cohasset : " Abundant in fall, common in spring." Essex County : " May
and September. Not abundant." Ipswich : "Abundant transient visit-
ant, more common on beach tban on marshes." Nantucket : " Common."
Templeton : "Rare." Wellesley: " Occasional on lake shores."

84. Ereunetes occidentalis Lawr. Western Sandpiper.

A not uncommon autumn migrant on the coast occurring with
flocks of jS". pusillus.

July 19 to September 19.
Nantucket: " Not uncommon." '

85. Tryngites subruficoUis (Vieill.). Buff-breasted Sand-
piper.

A rare (spring) and autumn migrant on the coast.
[Spring] ; July 28 to September 24.

Essex County: "Autumn. Very rare." Ipswich: Three instances.
Nantucket : " Scarce."

86. Calidris arenaria (Linn.). Sanderling.

A common spring and autumn migrant on the coast, wintering
occasionally and with apparent regularity on Muskeget Island.
Casual inland. Its reported nesting at Ipswich^ requires confir-
mation.

May 19 to June 3 ; (June 24) July 6 to October 24 (December
13) ; Winter.

Bristol County : " Common transient visitant along the beaches."
Cambridge: Casual. One instance, September. Cohasset: "Numerous
in fall." Essex County: " May, and August to November. Abundant."
Ipswich: "Common transient visitant." Nantucket: "Common."
Springfield: "Rare autumn visitor." ^A^ellesley: " Migrant. ... occa-
sional on lake shores after storms in fall."

87. Tringa minutilla Vieill. Least Sandpiper.
A common spring and abundant autumn migrant.
(April 18) May 13 to June 4 ; July 4 to October 13.

1 Brown ; O. & O., Vol. XVII, No. 9, Sept., 1892, p. 140.

40 Birds of Massachusetts

Amherst: "Occasional in the spring at Adam's Pond." Berkshire:
" Transient visitant." Bristol County: "Abundant transient visitant.'
Brookline : "A not uncommon migrant." Cambridge: A very common
transient visitant. Cohasset: "Abundant in the fall, common in the
spring." Essex County : " May and August. Abundant." Ipswich :
"Abundant transient visitant, more common on marshes than on beach."
Nantucket: ''Common." Springfield: "Common spring and autumn
visitor." Templeton: "Rare." Wellesley: " Occasional on shores of
ponds and streams."

88. Tringa maculata Vieill. Pectoral Sandpiper.

A rare spring but abundant autumn migrant, possibly winters
accidentally.

April 9 to May 16 ; July 20 to November 11 (late November).

Berkshire: "Transient visitant." Bristol County: "Common tran-
sient visitant." Cambridge: Irregular and uncommon in September and
October. Cohasset: "Abundant in fall, rare in spring." Dedham :
" Rather common migrant." Essex County : "September. Abundant."
Ipswich: " Rather common transient visitant." Nantucket: "Common."
Springfield: "Tolerably common autumn visitant." ^A/^ellesley : Oc-
casional.

89. Tringa bairdii Coues. Baird's Sandpiper.

A rare autumn migrant. It has been taken at Boston Har-
bour, Marblehead, Monomoy (Cape Cod), Swampscott and
Ipswich.

August 15 to August 30.

Essex County: "Very abundant in 1852, but I have not seen any since.
— J[illson]." Ipswich: One instance.

90. Tringa fusicollis Vieill. White-rumped Sandpiper.
An uncommon spring and autumn migrant on the coast.

Casual inland.

May 15 to 30; July 15 to October 15.

Cohasset: " Rare in fall." Ipswich: " Irregular and at times common
transient visitant.''' Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: "Common
autumn migrant."

91. Tringa maritima Brunn. Purple Sandpiper.

A not uncommon autumn and winter visitant to rocky shores.
Accidental inland.

September 6 to [March i].

Annotated List of Species 4 1

Cambridge: Casual, one instance, October. Cohasset : "Not rare in
late fall and winter." Essex County : "Winter. Rather rare." Spring-
field : " Accidental visitor." One instance, November.

92. Tringa ferruginea Briinn. Curlew Sandpiper.
Accidental from the Old World. The records are: Cape Ann^

one taken in the autumn of 1865 ;^ East Boston, one taken early
in May, 1866 ;'^ Nahant^ one taken about 1869;* Ipswich, one
taken about 1875 ;^ Cape Cod^ one taken about May 10, 1878; 3
Chatham, a male taken August 26, 1889, and now in the mounted
collection of the Brookline High School.®

93. Tringa canutus Linn. Knot.

An uncommon spring and autumn migrant along the coast,
rarely wintering. Casual inland.*

May II to June 5 (June 15) ; July 13 to October 28; Winter.

Bristol County: "Common transient visitant. Not so common in-
land." Cohasset : " Rare in spring, fairly common in the fall." Ipswich :
" Rather uncommon transient visitant." Nantucket: ''Scarce." Spring-
field: "Accidental visitor." Wellesley: " Casual inland." Lake Cochit-
uate.

94. Tringa alpina Linn. European Dunlin. •
Accidental from the Old World. Mr. Charles J. Paine, ^r.^ per-
mits us to record here for the first time the capture of this species
in Massachusetts, on the basis of a female taken at Chatham,
August II, 1900, by Mr. J. S. Cochrane. This specimen is now
in Mr. William Brewster's collection (No. 48598).

95. Tringa alpina pacifica (Coue.s). Red-backed Sand-
piper.

A rare spring and not uncommon autumn migrant on the coast.

1 Sanriuels ; Ornithology and Oology of N. E., 1867, P- 444-

2 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. I, No. 2, July, 1876, pp. 51, 5?.
•^ Deane; Bull. Nutt. Om. Club, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1879, p. 124.
^Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XVII, 1875, p. 446.
^Editor; O. & O., Vol. XV, No. 7, July, 1890, p. 110.

*Mackay; Auk, Vol. X, No. i, Jan., 1893, pp. 25-35.

42

Birds of Massachusetts

Occasional inland. According to Dr. J. A. Allen " a few some-
times remain in summer."

March 15 to May 15 (June 18) ; September 17 to December 10
(December 24).

Bristol County: "Rather common transient visitant in fall." Cam-
bridge: Casvxal, one instance, October. Cohasset : " Rather rare in fall."
Dedham : "A few taken." Essex County: "May and September. Not
abundant." Ipswich: "Uncommon transient visitant, occasionally in
large flocks." Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: "Tolerably com-
mon autumn visitor," rare in spring. Wellesley : "Occasional on Ne^
ponset Meadows in fall."

96. Gallinago delicata (Ord). Wilson's Snipe.

A common spring and autumn migrant, occurring rarely as a
winter resident on Cape Cod and at other " favorable localities."
It has been reported as breeding at Brookline ^ and perhaps at
South Sherborne, at which latter place half-grown young were
found August i.^ Their breeding in the State, however, needs
confirmation.

(February 28) March 20 to May 18 ; August i to November 30 ;
Winter.

Amherst: " Few instances." Berkshire: "Rare transient spring and
autumn visitant." Bristol County : " Rather common transient visitant."
Brookline: "An uncommon migrant." Found breeding. Cambridge:
Common transient visitant. Cohasset : " Rather common in fall in the
marshes in dry seasons." Dedham : " Common migrant." Essex
County: " Summer visitant. Common." [ ?] Ipswich: " Rather common
transient visitant." Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: "Common
spring and autumn visitor." Also recorded in mid-summer and winter.
Templeton: "A rare transient visitant." Wellesley: "Migrant....
common locally in spring and fall."

97. Philohela minor (Gmel.). American Woodcock.

A common spring and autumn migrant ; and as a summer resi-
dent now rare in the eastern part of the State, but still not uncom-
mon in the western portions, though yearly becoming rarer. Per-
haps accidentally wintering.

(February 18 and 20) March 19 to November 25 (December
10).

1 Francis ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 4, Oct., 1883, p. 243.
^ Morse ; Birds of Wellesley, 1897, p. 17.

Annotated List of Species

43

Amherst: " Common summer resident." Berkshire: " Not rare sum-
mer resident; common in migrations." Bristol County: "Uncommon
summer resident, common in migrations." Brookline: "Not uncom-
mon migrant, and rare summer resident." Cambridge: Summer resi-
dent. Formerly common, fast becoming rare. Cohasset: " Rather rare
summer resident, more common as a fall migrant." Dedham: " Rapidly
becoming scarce." Essex County: "Summer resident. Common."
Ipswich: " Summer resident. A few." Nantucket: [One instance.].
Springfield: "Regular spring and autumn visitor .... tolerably com-
mon summer resident." Templeton: "Common summer resident."
Wellesley : "Migrant. A few breed."

98. Crymophilus fulicarius (Linn.). Red Phalarope.
An irregular but not uncommon spring and autumn migrant off

the coast. There was a remarkable flight in May, 1892, along the
South shore.* This species and Phalaropus lobaius are off-shore
migrants, and as a rule are only driven in by storms. Accidental
inland.

May I to 23 ; August 31 to November 2.

Cohasset: " Abundant at times in fall and spring." Nantucket: "Com-
mon." Springfield: "Accidental visitor." September. Wellesley:
"Accidental." October.

99. Phalaropus lobatus (Linn.). Northern Phalarope.
A not uncommon spring and autumn migrant off the coast.

Casual inland.

May 4 to May 25 ; August 12 to October 13.

Bristol County: "Rather uncommon transient visitor." Cohasset:
"Rather numerous at times off shore." Nantucket: "Common."
Springfield: "Accidental visitor." October. \A^ellesley : " One ex-
ample."

100. Steganopus tricolor Vieill. Wilson's Phalarope.

A very rare spring and autumn migrant to the coast. There are
but'few definite records : near Boston, one was given to Audubon
in the winter of 1833 (?) by John Bethune ; ^ Nahant, a male taken

* Mackay; Auk, Vol. IX, No. 3, July, 1892, pp. 294-298, Miller; id/d.,pp.
)8-299, and F. B. W. ; O. & O., Vol. XVII, No. 7, July, 1892, p. 109.
1 Audubon; Birds of America, Vol. V, 1842, p. 300.

44

Birds of Massachusetts

by Mr. George O. Welch, May [2], 1874,^ now in the collection of
the Boston Society of Natural History; Nantucket^ a specimen
taken by Mr. George H. Mackay, August 31, 1889.^

loi. Plegadis autumnalis (Hasselq.). Glossy Ibis.

Accidental from the south. The records are: Of the 1850
flight,* there are the following Massachusetts records : Cafnbridge^
at Fresh Pond, one shot from a flock of three, May 8, and now in
the mounted collection of the Boston Society of Natural History ; 3
Concord, one shot by [Mr. Buttrick] in early May, is also in the
mounted collection of the Boston Society ; * Midd/eboro, two shot
out of a flock of three on May 6 or 7, and now in the Brown Uni-
versity collection;^ Nantucket, one taken in September, 1869.^
Of the 1878 flight, the following are recorded : East/mm, one shot
May 4, by Augustus Denton and now in the mounted collection
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology ; "^ Orleans, an adult shot
on May 5 ; ^ East Orleans, one also shot on May 5 ; '^ Wellesley^ the
following record must be included though very indefinite: "Mr.
[A. L.] Babcock reports seeing a pair exhibited at Framingham
many years ago, which were taken at Lake Cochituate." ®

102. Tantalus loculator Linn. Wood Ibis.

Accidental from the south. There are but two records : George-
town^ one taken by Frank Hale, June 19, 1880 ; ^^ Seekonk^ a young
male taken on July 17, 1896, and now in the collection of Mr.
William Brewster.^^

1 Baird, Brewer & Ridgway ; Water Birds, Vol. I, 1884, p. 338.

2 Mackay ; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. i, Jan., 1891, p. 120.

* Browne; Auk, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1887, pp. 97-100.

3 Cabot; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. Ill, i85i,p. 313. (Recorded
earlier in local daily papers.)

^ Stearns and Coues ; N. E. Bird Life, Vol. II, 1883, p. 255.

^ Cabot; ioc. cit., p. 314.

^ Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 637 ; p. 39 of separate.

7 Cory and Allen ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. 3, July, 1878, p. 152.

s Brewer; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. 3, July, 1878, p. 151.

^ Morse; Birds of Wellesley, 1897, p. 14.

10 Allen; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 3, July, 1883, p. 185.

ii Brewster; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 4, Oct., 1896, p. 341.

Annotated List of Species 4^

103. Ardea herodias Linn. Great Blue Heron.
A rather common migrant ; rare in winter.

March 17 to May (June 25) ; July 15 to November 26 (Win-
ter).

Amherst: Occasional in spring and fall. Berkshire : " Not common,
chiefly in spring arid autumn, .... no positive evidence of its breeding."
Bristol County : " Common transient visitant." Brookline : " A not
uncommon migrant." Winter. Cambridge : Common transient visitant.
Occasional in summer. Cohasset : " Common in fall and spring." Ded-
ham : " Regular visitor in the migrations." Essex County : "Summer
visitant. Common." Ipswich : " Rather common transient visitant."
Nantucket: "Common in September." Springfield: " A transient visi-
tor." TempletoA: "A rare summer resident, [.''] common in the fall."
Wellesley: " Common migrant."

104. Ardea egretta Gmel. American Egret.

An occasional summer visitant. There are records from the
following localities: Ashland, Dedham, Hudson, Ipsw^ich, Lynn,
Nantucket, North Hadley, Plymouth, Quincy, Springfield, Tops-
field, Wellesley, We.st Brookfield and Westford. The last record
is: Nantucket, one taken September 23, 1890.^

April, May, August, September, November.

105. Ardea caerulea Linn. Little Blue Heron.

Accidental from the south. The records are : Eastern Massa-
chusetts^'-^ ?i specimen in the State agricultural Cabinet";^ Cohas-
set^ a male in immature plumage shot about 1852 by a Mr. Morse ; 3
Newton, seen " on one or two occasions in autumn " by Mr. C. J.
Maynard;^ Ipswich, one taken August 10, 1881, and now in
the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History ; Bourne^
a flock of about six, all in white plumage was seen by Mr. O.
Bangs, in midsummer 1881 : one was shot by Mr. A. Hardy.

106. Ardea candidissima Gmel. Snowy Heron.

An accidental visitant from the south. The records are: Near

I

iMackay; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. i, Jan., 1891, p. 120.

2 Allen ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, p. 86.

3 Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIX, 1878, p. 259.
'•Maynard; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 143 and Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill,

No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 637, p. 39 of separate.

46 Birds of Massachusetts

Boston^ one killed in 1862 ; ^ Northauipton^ one was taken prior to
1887 by E. O. Damon ; ^ Nantucket^ one taken at Hummock Pond,
March, 188 1,3 by one of the men of the Life Saving Station.

107. Nycticorax violaceus (Linn.). Yellow-crowned
Night Heron.

An accidental visitant from the south. There is some evidence
of its having possibly bred on Cape Cod in 189 1, where an old
and a young bird were taken on July 8 and 18 respectively. The
records are : Ashland [ ? ], one taken in 1857, teste A. L. Babcock ; *
Lynn, one taken in October, 1862 ; ^ Somennlle^ a young bird was
taken July 30, 1878 ; ^ Provificetown, an adult male taken on July
8,"^ an adult seen, and a young female taken on July 18, 1891 ;^
Maiden^ one was shot by a Mr. Haley about 1893.^

108. Nycticorax nycticorax nsevius (Bodd.). Black-
crowned Night Heron.

A common summer resident, wintering locally in small numbers
near the coast.

April I to November i ; Winter.

Amherst : Taken near Connecticut River. Berkshire : Summer
resident, not common. Bristol County: "Common summer resi-
dent in southern part of County." Brookline : " A permanent resident."
Cambridge : A permanent resident ; most common in August and
September. Cohasset : " Abundant in summer." Dedham : " Com-
mon." Essex County : " Summer visitant." Common. Ipswich :
"Abundant summer resident." Nantucket: "Common.'' Springfield:
"Common summer resident." Wellesley : "Not uncommon summer
resident."

109. Butorides virescens (Linn.). Green Heron.
A common summer resident.

1 Allen; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, pp. 85, 86.
^ Clark ; Birds of Amherst, 1887, p. 46.

3Purdie; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VII, No. 4, Oct., 1882, p. 251.
^ Morse; Birds of Wellesley, 1897, p. 15.

^ Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 637, p. 39 of separate.
^Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1879, pp. 124,
125.
7 Small; O. & O., Vol. XVI, No. 4, Apr., 1891 , p. 64.
^ Small; ibid., No. 9, Sept., 1891, p. 135.
^Forbush; /« litteris and Auk, Vol. XI, No. i, Jan., 1894, p. 55.

Annotated List of Species

47

April 1 6 to October.

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Summer resi-
dent. Not abundant." Bristol County : " Common summer resident."
Brookline : " A summer resident." Cambridge: Common summer resi-
dent. Cohasset : " Abundant summer resident." Dedham : "Common."
Essex County : " Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich: " Summer
resident. Common." Springfield : " Abundant summer resident." Tem-
pleton: "Common summer resident." Wellesley: "Common summer
resident."

no. Ardetta exilis (Gmel.). Least Bittern.

A not uncommon, but very local summer resident, mainly near
the coast.

April 15 to September i.

Amherst: "One instance. Northampton." Brookline: " Formerly a
summer resident." Cambridge: Rather common summer resident. Ded-
ham: " Five taken .... in 1874." EssexCounty: "May. Rare." Spring-
field: " Rare." Wellesley : " Rare or scarce summer resident."

III. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.). American Bit-
tern.

A somewhat local, but fairly common summer resident. Casual
in winter.

(January 5) March 31 to November 11 (December 30).

Amherst: "A rare but regular summer resident." Berkshire: *' Not
common summer resident." Bristol County: " Uncommon summer resi-
dent, more common in migrations." Brookline: "An uncommon mi-
grant." Cambridge: Not common summer resident. Cohasset: " Rather
common." Dedham: " Rather common." Essex County: " Summer
visitant. Common." Ipswich: " Common summer resident." Nan-
tucket: " Common." Springfield: " Common summer resident." Tem-
pleton: " Summer resident." Wellesley: "Not common summer resident."

1X2. Olor columbianus (Ord). Whistling Swan.

Although " not uncommon " two centuries ago, it is now only
accidental. The recent records are : Nahant, a specimen in the
mounted collection of the Boston Society of Natural History, with-
out data, is probably the one referred to by Brewer (1879) ^^^
Mr. William Brewster^ as having been shot about 1864 by a Mr.
Taylor ; Ipswich^ seen occasionally by Mr. F. E. Le Baron " in for-

1 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1879, p. 125,

^.8 Birds of Massachusetts

mer years " ; ^ Nantucket^ one shot March 4, 1878, on Coskata Pond
by Mr. F. B. Chadwick, and in the possession of Mr. A. S. Sweet
of Nantucket : it was first seen on Sacacha Pond, on Decerpber 27 »
1877 ; ^ Sojnersef, five were seen flying over on October 16, 1880, by
EHsha Slade ; 3 Middleboro, a young bird, shot about December 27,
1885 ; * Weston, a male shot December 17, 1890, out of a flock of
seven by Michael McCarthy.- The bird is now in the collection of
Mr. William Brewster.^

J 13. .^x sponsa (Linn.). Wood Duck.

A common summer resident, becoming rarer near the coast.

March 20 to December 31.

Amherst: "A common migrant, but a rare breeder." Berkshire: " Not
rare summer resident, but much less common than it used to be." Bris-
tol County: " Uncommon summer resident in the ponds, more common
on migrations." Brookline: Former^' a summer resident. Cambridge:
Common transient visitant, a few breed. Cohasset: " Rather rare but
occasionally breeding." Dedham: " Tolerably common." Essex County:
" Summer. Not abundant." Ipswich: " Summer resident on fresh
water portion of Ipswich River." Nantucket: " Rare." Springfield:
"Common summer resident." Templeton: "Common summer resi-
dent." Wellesley: " Common migrant. A few breed."

114. Chen caerulescens (Linn.). Blue Goose.

Casual from the interior. The only record is : Gloucestei'^ a
young female shot in or near Essex Creek, West Parish, October
20, 1876, and in the possession of Mr. William A. Jeffries.^

115. Chen hyperborea (Pall.). Lesser Snow Goose.

The status of this species and of Chen h. nivalis in this State is
not well understood. There is little doubt that the majority of
records for Snow Geese in Massachusetts are referable to Chen
hyperborea, and we prefer to let those indefinitely recorded, and
now beyond determination, as well as those more lately recorded,
stand under C. hyperborea.

iMaynard; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 146.

2 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. 4, Oct., 1878, pp. 19S, 199.

3 Slade; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VI, No. 2, Apr., 1881, pp. 123, 124.
" "J." ; Forest& Stream, Vol. XXV, Jan. 7, 1886, p. 466.
^Brewster; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. 2, Apr., 1891, p. 232.

« Jeffries ;" Auk, Vol. VI, No. i, Jan., 1889, p. 68.

Annotated List of Species aq

The Lesser Snow Goose is said to be a rare or casual visitant
in autumn, and has been once shot in July in Boston Harbour,
according to Samuels.

(July); October 15 to November 21.

Cohasset : *' Occasional in autumn." Springfield: " Rare or accidental."
Two instances.

116. Anser albifrons gambeli (Hartl.) . American White-
fronted Goose.

Formerly an uncommon spring and autumn migrant. The
definite records are : Quincy, a male is recorded having been
shot and presented to the Boston Society of Natural History -}
Plymouth, an adult male was shot November 26, 1897, by Mr.
Paul W. Gifford. This specimen is now in the collection of Mr.
William Brewster."^

117. Branta canadensis (Linn.) . Canada Goose.

A common spring and autumn migrant. It formerly bred in the
eastern part of the State according to Audubon, and a nest is said
to have been taken in Lexington in April, 1888.3

(January 26), March 10 to May 14; (August 3) September 28
to December 30,

Amherst: "Common in spring and fall." Berkshire: "Common
spring and autumn visitant." Bristol County : " Common transient visitor."
Brookline : "A not uncommon migrant." Cambridge: Common
transient visitant. Cohasset: "Numerous in autumn, common in
spring." Dedham : " Often seen flying over during the migrations."
Essex County : " April and October. Common." Ipswich : '' Not un-
common transient visitant." Nantucket: "Not uncommon." Spring-
field : " Common spring and autumn migrant." Templeton : " Common
migrant." Wellesley : " Common migrant."

Note : Branta canadensis hutchinsii (Rich.). Hutchin's Goose.

Perhaps formerly an irregular spring and autumn migrant. According
to Brewer it was abundant in the winter of 1836-37. There are, how-
ever, no recent records, and as many small Canada Geese (^Branta cana-
densis^ have been identified as B. c. hutchinsii^ we prefer to leave this
species unenumerated until a definite, well authenticated record can be
cited.

1 Cabot; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. Ill, i8si, p. 136.
'Brewster: Auk, Vol. XVIII. No. 2, Apr,, i9oi,pp. 135, 136.
3 O. & O., Vol. XIV, No. I, Jan., 1889, p. 14.

CO Birds of Massachusetts

1 1 8. Branta leucopsis (Bechst.). Barnacle Goose.
Accidental from the Old World. Although Audubon and

Brewer refer to the occurrence of this bird in the State, the only-
definite record is : North Chatham^ one shot on November i, 1895,
and mounted by Mr. N. Vickary of Lynn.^

119. Branta bernicia (Linn.). Brant.

A rather uncommon spring and autumn migrant, occasionally
wintering.

March 12 to May 10 (June 2) ; September 23 to Decem-
ber 12. (Winter).

Cohasset : " Rather rare in fall." Essex County : " October, not abun-
dant." Ipswich: One instance. Nantucket: "Common." Springfield:
"Not common." Templeton : " Rare migrant."

120. Branta nigricans (Lawr.). Black Brant.
Accidental from the west. Although referred to by Brewer on

Henshaw's authority, there is but one definite record : Chatha7ny
one taken in the spring of 1883. ^

121. Anas boscas Linn. Mallard Duck.

An uncommon migrant and accidental winter resident, rare north
of Cape Cod. Its alleged breeding at Somerset and elsewhere
requires confirmation.

April 12 ; October 11 to December 17 (January 3).

Berkshire: " Rare transient visitant." Bristol County : "Uncommon
transient visitor, mostly to inland ponds. It may winter." Cambridge :
[Occasional in fall on Fresh Pond.] Cohasset: "Occasional in fall."^
Essex County: "Fall and Winter, Rare." Ipswich: One instance.
November. Nantucket: " Not unusual." Springfield: "Rather com-
mon autumn visitor." Rare in spring. Wellesley : " Rather rare mi-
grant."

122. Anas obscura Gmel. Black Duck.

It has long been known in a general way that two kinds of
Black Duck occur on our coast. So far, on account of the diffi-
culty of procuring breeding specimens, no separation has been
feasible. Of these two kinds the adults apparently are separable

iQ. & 0., Vol. XI, No. I, Jan., 1886, p. 16.
2 Cory ; Auk, Vol. I, No. i, Jan., 1884, p. 96.

Annotated List of Species C I

by their comparative size and by the color of their feet and tarsi,
these latter being, in the larger birds, vermilion and in the small-
er, greenish-orange. The light edgings of the secondaries seems
also to be a character of the larger bird. The habits of the two
differ, in that the large duck appears to have its breeding grounds
in the north, while in Massachusetts the smaller form only, is
known to breed. The larger birds are confined more to the coast,
in their migrations which appear to be later in the autumn and
earlier in the spring, than in the case of the smaller bird ; they
migrate rarely south of Chesapeake Bay. The following dates and
local annotations apply to the species as a whole without regard to
the distinctions above mentioned.

August 1 6 to April 6 ; Summer.

Amherst : " Formerly very abvindant but now rare." Berkshire : "Tol-
erably common summer resident. More common during the spring and
autumn.'" Bristol County: "Permanent resident, uncommon summer
resident, and very common winter resident." Brookline : Casual. Cam-
bridge : Very common transient visitant ; a few breed. Cohasset :
" Abundant in spring, common in fall and winter. A few breed." Ded-
ham : " Common on the migrations." Essex County : " Winter. Abun-
dant." Ipswich: '' Abundant winter visitant." Nantucket: "Common."
Springfield: "Abundant in spring, and autumn." A few winter and
" a few breed." Templeton : " Common summer resident." Wellesley :
" Common migrant, scarce summer resident."

123. Chaulelasmus streperus Linn. Gadwall.

A very rare or accidental visitant, though generally considered
not very uncommon. There are two specimens in the Museum at
Springfield, taken there many years ago, which Mr. Robert O.
Morris assures us hi Uiteris are of this species.

124. Mareca penelope Linn. European Widgeon.
Accidental. There is but one definite record, though, according

to E. A. Samuels, one has been taken in the State ; ^ near Hali-
fax, an adult male taken on Monponsett Pond, on October 20, 1899,
' by a Mr. Shindler.^

1 Samuels teste). A. Allen; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, P- 88.
'^Brewster ; Auk, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Apr., 1901, p. 135.

52

Birds of Massachusetts

125. Mareca americana (Gmel.). American Widgeon.
An uncommon spring and autumn migrant.

February 22 to April; October 20 to December 2.

Cohasset : "Rare in fall." Essex County: "Fall and winter. Not
common," Ipswich: "Uncommon transient visitant." Nantucket:
" Not verv abundant." Springfield : " Not very common but regular spring
and fall visitant." Wellesley : " Migrant. Casual in fall."

126. Nettion crecca Linn. European Teal.
Accidental. .There are but three records : Massachusetts^ about

1855, a specimen, which was killed in the State, was sent to P^. A.
Samuels;^ Muskeget Island^ an adult male taken March 16, 1890,
and now in the collection of Mr. William Brewster;"^ Sagamore,
an adult male caught in a steel trap about February 20, 1896, by
Rev. E. A. Phillips, and also in the collection of Mr. William
Brewster.3

127. Nettion carolinense (Gmel.). Green- winged Teal.
An uncommon spring and autumn migrant.

(February i) April; September 28 to November.

Amherst: Taken at Amherst and Northampton. Berkshire: "Tran-
sient visitant." Cannbridge: Uncommon transient visitant. Cohasset:
" Rare or even casual." Dedham : " Regular in the fall." Essex County :
" October and November. Rather rare." Ipswich: " Uncommon transient
visitant.'' Springfield: "Not uncommon spring and autumn migrant."
Wellesley: " Rather scarce migrant."

128. Dafila acuta (Linn.). Pintail Duck.
A rare autumn and very rare spring migrant.
September 11 to December 12 ; February 22 to April.
Amherst: One instance: Northampton. Berkshire: One instance:

Hinsdale. Bristol County: "Rather common transient visitor." Cam-
bridge: Casual transient visitant. Cohasset: "Casual." Essex County :
"Autumn. Rare." Ipswich: Several instances. Nantucket: "Scarce;
young birds occasionally." Springfield: " Common autumn visitant, but
rare in spring."

129. Querquedula discors (Linn.). Blue-winged Teal.
A not uncommon autumn and rare spring migrant.

1 Bryant; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. V, 1856, p. 195.
^Mackay; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 3, July, 1890, p. 294.
^Brewster; Auk, Vol. XVHI, No. 2, Apr., 1901, p. 135.

Annotated List of Species C7

April to last of May ; August to November 26.

Amherst : Not rare near the Connecticut, and occasional in Amherst.
Berkshire : "Transient visitant in the autumn." Brookline : " Formerly
not uncommon." Bristol County : " Uncommon transient visitor. It may
winter." Cambridge : Rare in spring. Very common [at least formerly].
Cohasset : '• Formerly common, now rare." Dedham : An uncommon
regular fall visitor. Essex County : " September, common. Spring,
rare." Ipswich : " Uncommon transient visitant." Nantucket : " Scarce."
Springfield : " A common autumn but rare spring visitor." Seen also
repeatedly in midsummer. Templeton : ''Rare accidental visitor."
Wellesley : " Rather scarce migrant."

130. Spatula clypeata (Linn.). Shoveller Duck.

Formerly a not uncommon migrant, but since 1890 of exceed-
ingly rare occurrence in the State, and now to be considered prac-
tically accidental.

September 25 ; Spring.

Amherst: Taken once or twice at Northampton. Berkshire: " Ex-
tremely rare spring and (autumn ?) transient." Cohasset: "Occasional."
Essex County: "Autumn. Rare." Nantucket: One instance. Spring-
field : " Accidental visitor."

131. Nyroca americana (Eyt.). Red-headed Duck.

A not uncommon autumn migrant on the coast south of Cape Cod,
but rare in spring. A few winter. To the north of the Cape
decidedly less common. A pair was observed on a small pond at
Waltham, October 7, 1899, by Mr. H. B. Bigelow.

October 7 to March 20.

Berkshire: Said to have been taken at Pittsfield. Bristol County:
" Rare transient visitor to the ponds." Cambridge : Casual, one instance,
October. Cohasset: "Formerly rather rare, now accidental." Essex
County: " Fall and winter. Very rare." Nantucket: " Fairly common."
Springfield: '* Rare autumn visitor." Wellesley: "Migrant. Casual."

132. Nyroca vallisneria (Wils.). Canvas-back Duck.

A very rare autumn migrant on the coast. Has been reported
from Bridgewater, Cohasset, Essex County, Fresh Pond at Cam-
bridge, Nantucket, Newburyport, Plymouth County, Springfield,
Taunton and Wellesley.

October 24 to December 18; March 20 to 31.

Bristol County : "One record: — Taunton, fall of 1884." Cambridge:

54

Birds of Massachusetts

[One instance, Fresh Pond.] Cohasset : "One or more instances."
Essex County: "Fall and winter. Very rare." Nantucket: "Rare."
Wellesley : "Migrant. Casual."

133. Nyroca marila (Linn.). American Scaup Duck.
An uncommon autumn and rare spring migrant along the

coast, perhaps occurring in winter. Occasional inland.

September 22 to May i.

Bristol County : " Common in migrations." Cohasset: "Uncommon
in fall and rare in spring." Essex County : " Fall and winter. Rare."
Nantucket: "Common." Springfield: "Uncommon autumn visitor."
Wellesley: " Casual on lakes. Two examples, fall."

134. Nyroca affinis (Eyt.). Lesser Scaup Duck.

A rather uncommon spring and autumn migrant on the coast.
Occasional inland.

October; [February i] to April 12.

Cambridge : Common in October and November ; rare in spring.
Cohasset: Recorded. Nantucket: "Not uncommon." Springfield:
*' Rare spring, and common autumn visitor." "Wellesley: "Migrant.
Scarce."

135. Nyroca coUaris (Donov.). Ring-necked Duck.

A rare spring and autumn migrant occurring chiefly away from
the coast.

March and April; October 14 to November 23.

Cambridge: Casual; one instance, November. Essex County:

"Autumn. Very rare." Springfield: " A rare autvimn visitor." Wel-
lesley : " A rare migrant."

136. Clangula clangula americana (Bonap.). American
Golden-eye Duck.

Common spring and autumn migrant, and abundant winter resi-
dent on the coast. Not uncommon inland.

November i to April 19 (May).

Berkshire: Occasionally taken. Bristol County: "Very common
winter visitor along the coast and up the rivers." Cambridge : Rather
common, October and November. Cohasset : " Rare in fall, common in
winter." Dedham : One instance. Essex County : "November to May.
Abundant." Ipswich : " Common winter visitant." Nantucket : " Com-
mon." Springfield: "Abundant spring and autumn visitor." Occasional
in winter. Wellesley : " Common on ponds in March and April."

Annotated List of Species t c

137. Clangula islandica (Gmel.). Barrow's Golden-eye
Duck.

A very rare winter visitant. The records are : Ca/e Cod,
December 7, 187 1, an adult female ; ^ Boston Market^ "numbers
of females and two fine males seen," most of them shot within
State limits during the winter of i87i-'72;^ Ipswich, there is a
male labelled January 27, 1879, in the mounted collection of the
Boston Society of Natural History, which appears unrecorded ;
Plymouth^ a male, shot in the autumn, about 1885.^

138. Charitonetta albeola (Linn.). Buffle-head Duck.
An uncommon spring and autumn migrant on the coast, winter-
ing rarely. Not uncommon inland.

(September) October 25 to November 29; Winter; March 11
to April 8.

Berkshire: " Rare transient visitant." Bristol County: "Uncommon
winter visitant." Cambridge : Common in October and November.
Cohasset : "Not rare in spring and fall." Dedham : "One taken."
Essex County: "October to May. Abundant." Nantucket: "Not
uncommon." Springfield: "Not uncommon in early spring and late
autumn." Templeton : One instance. Wellesley : " Not uncommon on
ponds in October and November. Casual in spring."

139. Harelda hiemalis (Linn.). Long-tailed Duck.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant, and winter resident
along the coast. Occasional inland.

October 10 to April 19 (May 7).

Berkshire: "Rare transient visitant." Bristol County: "Abundant
winter visitor along the coast." Cambridge: Rather common, October
and November. Cohasset: "Abundant in fall and winter. Most abun-
dant duck." Ipswich : " Common off shore in winter." Nantucket :
" Common." Springfield: " Rather rare spring and autumn visitor."

140. Histrionicus histrionicus (Linn). Harlequin
Duck.

A rare early winter visitant along the coast. There is one spec-
imen in the mounted collection of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology taken at Hudson, Mass., over twenty miles inland.

November i to January.

1 Brewster; Amer. Nat., Vol. VI, No. 5, May, 1872, pp. 306, 307.

2 Job ; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 3, July, 1896, p. 202.

Co Birds of Massachusetts

Cohasset : " Very rare in fall, occasionally killed in November.*' Essex
County: "Winter. Very rare."

141. CEdemia americana Swains. American Scoter.

A not uncommon migrant and winter resident along the coast.
Occasional inland. This species seems to be decreasing yearly.*

September 10 to April 25 (May 9).

Bristol County : " Common winter visitor along the coast." Cambridge :
Occasional in fall. Cohasset: "Common in fall, in proportion of about
one to ten of CE. deglandt." Essex County : " October to May. Abun-
dant." Ipswich : *' Common off shore in winter." Nantucket : " Com-
mon." Templeton : "Not rare in the autumn on the large ponds."
"Wellesley : " Casual in fall on lakes."

142. CEdemia deglandi Bonap. White-winged Scoter.
An abundant migrant and common wdnter resident on the coast.

Barren or crippled birds often summer along shore. Occasional
inland. The spring migration of these birds to the westward
between the dates of May 7 and 25, is of especial interest, the
birds turning inland near Noank, Connecticut, and proceeding
northward by the Connecticut River and Hudson River routes.*

September 28 to May 25. Summer.

Berkshire: A flight in the autumn of 1895, at Cheshire Reservoir.
Bristol County: "Abundant winter visitor along the coast." Cambridge:
Occasional in fall. Cohasset: "Abundant in fall and winter; a few
stay all summer." Essex County: "October to May. Abundant."
Ipswich : " Abundant in winter, October to April." Nantucket : " Com-
mon." Springfield: "Rare." Wellesley: "Casual, sometimes not un-
common on lakes in fall."

143. CEdemia perspicillata (Linn.). Surf Scoter.

An abundant migrant and common winter resident on the coast.
Barren or crippled birds often summer along shore. Casual
inland.*

September 28 to May 9. Summer.
X Bristol County : " Common winter visitant along the coast." Cambridge:
Occasional in fall. Cohasset: "Abundant in fall; common in winter.
A few stay all summer." Essex County: " October to May. Abundant."

* Mackay; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. 3, July, 1891, pp. 279-290.

Annotated List of Species ^J

Ipswich: " Abundant in winter. October to April." Nantucket: "Com-
mon," Springfield : One instance. Fall. Wellesley : " Casual on lakes
in fall."

144. Somateria dresseri Sharpe. American Eider.

A not uncommon spring and autumn migrant and winter resident
off the coast.*

Bristol County : " Common winter visitant along the coast." Cohasset :
" Rather common in fall and winter." Nantucket : " Common."

145. Somateria mollissima borealis C. L. Brehm. North-
ern Eider.

A rare winter visitor to the coast from the north.
Last of October to April 3.

Cohasset: One instance. Essex County: " November to May. Abun-
dant." [Probably refers to S. (fr esse r I. ] Nantucket :" Rare."

146. Somateria spectabilis (Linn.). King Eider.
A very rare winter visitant off the coast.

November i to April 5.

Cohasset: "One instance." Essex County: "Winter. Very rare.'*
Nantucket : " Rare."

147. Nomonyx dominicus (Linn.). Masked Duck.
Accidental from the south. One record only : Maiden^ a male

in full plumage was taken August 27, 1889. It was shot on a
pond of less than an acre in extent, where it had been for over a
week. It is now in the C. B. Cory collection.^

148. Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmel). Ruddy Duck.
A rather common spring and autumn migrant. Has l)een

known to breed at Cape Cod,^'and has been taken in the breeding
season at Cohasset, Wakefield^ and the Charles River. -^
March 20. June and August ; September to December 8.

* Mackay; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 4, Oct., 1890, pp. 315-319.

> Cory ; Auk, Vol. VI, No. 4, Oct., 1889, p. 336.

^ Deane; Amer. Nat., Vol. VIII, No. 7, July, 1874, pp. 433, 434 ; Miller ; A -k,
Vol. VIII, No. I, Jan., 1891, pp. 117, 118, and Small; O. & O., Vol. XVI,
No. 9, Sept., 1891, p. 135.

cS Birds of Massachusetts

Bristol County : " Common transient visitor to the ponds." Cambridge :
Very common in October and November. Cohasset: "Occasional. Once
in June." Essex County : " September. Rare." Nantucket : " Rare."
Springfield : " A rare spring and fall visitor." Common in the autumn
of 1885. Templeton : " Common during the fall migrations." Wellesley :
*' Migrant, common on lakes and ponds in October and November."

149. Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.). Hooded Mer-
ganser.

A now rather uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and winter
resident.

October to April 18.

Amherst: A number from the Connecticut River. Cambridge: For-
merly common transient visitant. Cohasset: "Now only occasional."
Essex County: "Winter. Rare." Nantucket: "Scarce." Springfield:
"Common autumn migrant." Templeton : "A rare accidental visitor."
Wellesley: "Migrant, rather rare."

150. Merganser americanus (Cass.). American Mer-
ganser.

A rather common inland spring and autumn migrant, occurring
commonly as a winter resident in open seasons. According to
Audubon, it formerly bred in the State, and may perhaps still do
so very rarely.

October to May i ; Summer.

Amherst: "Not uncommon" near Northampton. Berkshire: "Not
very rare, transient, spring and autumn visitant." Bristol County : " Un-
common winter visitor to the ponds and rivers. More common in migra-
tions." Cambridge: Formerly common transient visitant. Dedham :
cs^ ^' Very common twenty years ago." Essex County : " Spring and autumn.

O I Rather rare." ' Ipowic^: One instance.' Springfield : " Most abundant of

j ducks in winter. Repeatedly seen in summer." Templeton : " Rare sum_

mer resident. Common during the migrations." Wellesley: "Common
in April ; less so in fall."

151, Merganser serrator(Linn.). Red-breasted Mergan-
ser.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant on the coast ; common
in winter. Occasional inland.

October 15 to May 26; (June 18).

Annotated List of Species CO

Amherst : One instance. Bristol County : " Common winter visitor
along the coast." Cambridge : Casual ; one instance. Cohasset : *' Abun-
dant in fall, common in spring; a few winter." Kssex County: "Winter.
Common." Ipswich: Uncommon. Nantucket: "Common." Spring-
field : Two instances.

152. Phalacrocorax carbo (Linn.). Common Cormorant.
An uncommon migrant to the coast in spring and autumn.

Rare in winter.

May 14 ; September 22 to October 5 ; (Winter).

Bristol County : "Rather common visitant along the coast, and up the
Taunton River." Essex County: "Winter. Common." Nantucket:
" Scarce."

153. Phalacrocorax auritus (Less.). Double-crested
Cormorant.

A common migrant along the coast in spring and autumn.
Casual inland.

May; September i to October i.

Berkshire : " Accidental visitant." Bristol County : " Common transient
visitant along the coast, and up the Taunton River." Cambridge : Casual.
One instance; September. Cohasset: " Common in fall, rather rare in
spring." Springfield: "A rare visitor" except during 1887 and 18S8
when several small flocks were seen. Wellesley : " Casual."

154. Sula bassana (Linn.). Gannet.

A migrant off the coast; rare in spring, but common in late
summer and autumn.

[May]; August 3 to November 10.

Cohasset: " Abundant in fall." Essex County: "September. Rather
rare." Ipswich: One instance. Nantucket: " Not very common."

155. Sula sula (Linn.). Booby.

Accidental off the coast. There is but one record, that from
Essex County (Putnam) having been expunged : Cape Cod, a
male in the collection of Messrs. E. A. and O. Bangs, which was
brought to the Boston Market, September 17, 1878.^

1 Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX, 1879, P- 277.

6o Birds of Massachusetts

156. Fregata aquila Linn. Frigate Bird.

Accidental from the south. The only record is : New Bedford,
a young specimen was shot on October 17, 1893, and was recorded
as in the possession of Mr. W. J. Knowlton of that city.-^

4^v\Xo^' 157. PelecanusiiUs€uS''Linn. Brown Pelican.

A very rare accidental visitant from the south. The records
are : Nantucket^ a flock of thirteen seen by Mr, S. C. Martin
[about 1867],^ and one was killed: Ipswich, several seen [about
1867] by Mr. J. F. Le Baron according to Mr. C. J. Maynard.^

158. Pelecanus erythrorrhynchus Gmel. White Pel-
ican.

An extremely rare accidental visitant from the south. The

last definite record is : North Scituate, an adult male taken Octo-

^ber 5, 1876, by Mr. George Pratt. 3 This specimen is now in the

Bryant collectiori in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (No.

291).

159. Catharista urubu (Vieill). Black Vulture.
Accidental from the south. The records are ; Swampscott, one

shot in November, 1850, according to S. Jillson;^ Gloucester, one
taken September 28, 1863, by Mr. William Huntsford ; a speci-
men in the mounted collection of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, labelled " Pigeon Cove," is doubtless this bird ; ^ Hudson,
one was killed '' a short time since " and others were seen according
to S. Jillson prior to 1870;* Plymouth, one was shot on July 5,
1890, which had been seen on the 2nd of July, and on the farm of
Thomas Jackson there was one seen eight years previous to the
capture of this bird.'^

' Boston Eve. Trans., No. 19, 328, Oct 19, 1893, p. 10.

^ Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 640, p. 41 of separate.

3 S. K., Jr. ; Forest & Stream, Vol. VII, No. 12, Oct. 26, 1876, p. 186.

^ Putnam ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. I, 1856, p. 223.

^ AWenJide Verrill ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, p. 81.

^ Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 646, p. 47 of separate.

7 Hathaway; O. & O., Vol. XV, No. 7, July, 1890, p. 102.

Annotated List of Species

6i

i6o. Cathartes aura (Linn.). Turkey Vulture.

Accidental from the south. The records are : Massachusetts^
two taken, in 1863 ; ^ Waltham, one seen in August, 1867 ; ^ Annis-
quam, a bird in young plumage was shot on September 14, 1886 ;3
West Falmouth, a female was taken September 9, 1888;* Boston
Harbour, Thompson's Island, a female taken May 30, 1889 ;® Essex,
one taken November 16, 1889, and now in the collection of East
India Marine Hall, Salem ; ^ Williamstown, one taken January 9,
1 89 1, by Alfred J. Rowell, and now in the collection of Mr. Wil-
liam Brewster;"^ Weston, one taken alive early in April, 1893;^
Somerville, three were seen on September 25, 1898, by Mr. F.
H. Hosmer.^

161. Circus hudsonius (Linn.). Marsh Hawk.
A common summer resident, and spring and autumn migrant,
occurring rarely in winter.

(January, February) March 15 to November 19 (December

31).

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Not rare
summer resident in the low country." Bristol County: "Common
summer resident, more common migrant and recorded in winter."
Brookline : "Not uncommon migrant, and rare summer resident."
Cambridge: Common transient visitant ; a few breed. Cohasset : " Com-
mon resident." Dedham : " Common." Essex County : " Summer
visitant. Common." Ipswich: ** Common summer resident." Martha's
Vineyard: Common summer resident. Springfield: "Common spring
and autumn visitor." Rare summer resident. Templeton : " Common
during the summer." Wellesley : "Not uncommon summer resident;
most numerous in migrations."

1 Samuels ; Agric. Mass. Sec'y's Report, 1863, p. xviii, p. 3 of'separate.
' Maynard; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 137.

3 White ; O. & O., Vol. XI, No. 10, Oct., 1886, p. 157.

4 Mason ; Auk, Vol. VI, No. i, Jan., 1888, p. 78.
^O. & O., Vol. XIV, No. 6, June, 1889, p. 95.

8 Auk, Vol. VII, No. 2, Apr., 1890, p. 204. Forest & Stream, Vol. XXXIV,
Apr. 24, 1890, p. 268.

' Faxon & Hoffmann ; Birds of Berkshire, 1900, pp. 144, 145, pp. 38, 39/ of
separate.

8 White ; Auk, Vol. XI, No. 3, July, 1894, p. 250.

" Mackay ; Auk, Vol. XVI, No. 2, Apr., 1899, p. 181.

62 Birds of Massachusetts

162. Accipiter atricapillus (Wils.). American Goshawk.
An irregular winter visitant, sometimes common. According to

Dr. J. A. Allen it may breed in the western part of the State,
where individuals have been seen, and Mr. C. J. Maynard
records a pair which spent the summer of 1868 at Weston, but
he was unable to find a nest. Large flights occurred in the
winters of i859-'6o and i896-'97.

October 20 to February 5.

Amherst : " Not rare late in fall." Berkshire : "Rare, irregular visit-
ant." Bristol County: "Irregular and rather rare winter visitant."
Cambridge : Irregular and uncommon winter visitant. Dedham : One
instance. Essex County: "Resident. [?] Rare." Martha's Vineyard:
"A rare migrant." Springfield: "Irregular winter visitor .... not
generally common. Templeton : "Rare winter visitor." Wellesley:
"Irregular visitor in fall and winter."

163. Accipiter velox (Wils.). Sharp-shinned Hawk.

A common spring and autumn migrant, uncommon as a sum-
mer resident and in winter.

Amherst: "Common migrant." Berkshire: "Not common summer
resident." Bristol County : " Permanent resident, rather common in
summer; common on migration, few in winter." Brookline: " Uncom-
mon summer and winter resident." Common migrant. Cambridge :
Common transient visitor, rare summer resident, uncommon winter resi-
dent. Cohasset: "Common resident." Dedham: "Rather common."
Essex County : "Resident. Not abundant." Ipswich: "Rather com-
mon." Martha's Vineyard : " Uncommon migrant and probable summer
resident." Springfield: "Common spring and autumn visitor." Occa-
sionally breed ; often seen in winter. Templeton : " Common summer
resident. Occasional in winter." Wellesley: "Rather common sum-
mer resident, .... rare winter resident."

164. Accipiter cooperii (Bonap.). Cooper's Hawk.

A rather uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and uncom-
mon summer resident ; rare in winter.

Amherst : " Common summer resident." Berkshire : " Rare summer
resident." Bristol County : "Permanent resident, common in summer,
few in winter." Brookline: "Common summer resident and migrant."
Cambridge : Common transient visitant, not uncommon summer resi-
dent, rare winter visitant. Cohasset: "Rather uncommon resident."
Dedham : " Common." Essex County : " Winter. Very rare." Ipswich :
"Uncommon." Martha's Vineyard: "Common summer resident."

Annotated List of Species 63

Springfield: " Tolerably common .summer resident." "Numerous dur-
ing migrations." " Rare in winter." Templeton : "Not very common
summer resident." Wellesley : " Rather .common summer resident ....
sometimes winters."

165. Buteo swainsoni Bonap. Swainson's Hawk.
Accidental from the west. The records are : Salem, one was

killed in the winter of i87i-'72 and is now in the Peabody Acad-
emy collection ; ^ Wayland, a young male was captured Septem-
ber 12, 1876, and now in the collection of Mr. William Brewster; ^
Essex, one was killed May 29, 1892, and also in the collection of
Mr. William Brewster. 3

166. Buteo borealis (Gmel.). Red-tailed Hawk.

A not uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and winter resi-
dent, occurring as an uncommon summer resident in heavily
wooded localities.

Amherst: "'Common resident." Berkshire: "Not rare permanent
resident." Bristol County : " Uncommon permanent resident." Cam-
bridge : Common winter visitant, a few in summer. Cohasset :
" Rather rare, April and May." Dedham : " Common." Essex County:
"Resident. Common." Ipswich :" Uncommon." Martha's Vineyard :
" Summer resident." Springfield : " Abundant migrant, .... tolerably
common summer, and rare winter resident." Templeton : " Resident
.... more common in winter." Wellesley : " Common in spring migra-
tion, April, less common resident."

167. Buteo lineatus (Gmel.). Red-shouldered Hawk.
A common permanent resident.*

Amherst: "Common resident." Berkshire: "Not uncommon per-
manent resident." Bristol County : "Permanent resident, common in
summer, less so in winter." Brookline : " Common permanent resi-
dent." Cambridge : Common permanent resident, less cornmon in win-
ter. Cohasset: "Abundant resident." Dedham: "Rather common."
Essex County: "Winter. Common." Ipswich: "Uncommon."
Martha's Vineyard : " Common resident." Springfield: "Very common
summer but rare winter resident." Templeton : " Common summer

1 Allen ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. X, 1878, p. 22.

2 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. i, Jan., 1878, pp. 39, 40.
^ Brewster; Auk, Vol. X, No. i, Jan ., 1893, P- ^~-

* Kennard; Auk, Vol. XI, No. 3, July, 1894, pp. 197-210.

64 Birds of Massachusetts

resident." Wellesley : " Common summer resident ; rather common in
winter."

168. Buteo platypterus (Vieill.). Broad-winged Hawk.
A rare summer resident and not uncommon spring and autumn

migrant.

April 12 to September.

Amherst: Recorded. Berkshire: "Rare summer resident." Bristol
County: "Uncommon summer resident." Brookline : "A rare or
uncommon migrant." Cambridge : Transient visitant, sometimes com-
mon in September ; rare in spring. Dedham : "Two taken and nest
found." Essex County :" Winter. Rare." [.^]. Springfield: "Breeds
regularly and commonly in the mountains west of Westfield ; rare in the
river towns during the spring and autumn." Templeton : " Summer
resident." Wellesley : " Scarce visitant in spring and fall, and occa-
sional summer resident."

169. Aquila chrysaetos (Linn.). Golden Eagle.

A very rare permanent resident in the western part of the
State, but a very rare visitor in the eastern portions. It has been
taken at the following localities: Brighton, Fairhaven, Lanes-
boro, Lexington, Lynn, Lynnfield, Monson, Paxton, Salem, Wey-
mouth, Westfield, and Williamstown.

Berkshire : " A vei'y rare permanent resident." Essex County : "Resi-
dent. Rare." [?]

170. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmel.). Amer-
ican Rough-legged Hawk.

A local, but not uncommon winter visitant along the coast and
in the Connecticut valley.

(October) November 2 to April 13.
Amherst: "Abundant .... winter resident." Berkshire: "A rare
spring and autumn migrant and probably winter resident." Bristol
County : " Winter visitant, one instance, March." Brookline : " Rare
spring migrant." Cambridge: Not uncommon transient visitant ; a few
winter. Dedham: "Two instances." Essex County: "Winter. Com-
mon." Ipswich: One instance. Springfield: "Common winter visi-
tant." Wellesley: " Rare migrant and winter visitant."

171. Haliseetus leucocephalus (Linn.). Bald Eagle.

A rare resident in the western portions of the State, and an
occasional visitant at all seasons to the eastern portions and along
the coast.

Annotated List of Species 65

Amherst: "Occasionally seen." Berkshire: " A rare summer resi-
dent." Bristol County: " Rare and irregular summer visitant." Brook-
line: "Avery rare migrant." Cambridge: "Of irregular occurrence at
all seasons." Dedham : "Two instances." Essex County: "Resident.
Common." Martha's Vineyard: " One seen." Springfield :" Rather un-
common transient visitor in the spring, summer and autumn, and rare in
the winter." Templeton: " Not uncommon during the fall migrations."
A pair probably bred in Winchendon in 1887. Wellesley: "Rare tran-
sient visitant."

172. Elanoides forficatus (Linn.) . Swallow-tailed Kite.
Accidental from the west. There are two records :• Whately,

one seen near this town prior to 1870;^ Amesbui'y\^ {z^zWest
Newbury 3) , one taken near the Merrimac River, on or about Sep-
tember 25, 1882.

173. Falco peregrinus anatum (Bonap.). Duck Hawk.

A rare summer resident, and uncommon migrant along the
coast, near which it is rare in winter. It is well known to breed
on Mt. Tom, as also on Mts. Holyoke, Toby and Sugarloaf, and
probably on other of the western mountains.

Amherst: "Breeds on Mt. Tom." Berkshire: "Very rare summer
resident." Bristol County: "One instance." Cambridge: Rare tran-
sient visitant, casual in winter. Cohasset: "One found dead." Essex
County: "Fall and winter. Very rare." Ipswich: "One instance."
Springfield: " Rare summer resident."

174. Falco columbarius Linn. Pigeon Hawk.

An uncommon spring and autumn migrant. Casual in winter.
Notwithstanding statements to the contrary, there is no authentic
record of the nesting of this bird in Massachusetts.

Winter; April 10 to May 16; September 15 to November 24.

Amherst: "Rare and uncertain winter visitor." Berkshire: Tran-
sient visitor. Bristol County: "Uncommon and irregular transient
A^isitant." Brookline : "Not uncommon migrant. Sometimes seen in
■winter." Cambridge : Common transient visitant, occasional in win-

* Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 645, pp. 46, 47 of sep-
arate.

^Chadbourne; Quart. Journ. Bost. Z06I. Soc, Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1883,
p. 16.

^ Coues ; Bull. Nutt. Cm. Club, Vol. VIII, No. i, Jan., 1883, p. 61.

S6 Birds of Massachusetts

ter. Dedham : " Rather common." Essex County: "Summer visitant.
Common." [Doubtless an error.] Springfield: "Rare spring and
autumn visitor." Templeton : "Rare summer resident" [ ?]. Welles-
ley: " Scarce migrant .... occasional in winter."

175. Falco rusticolus obsoletus (Gmel.). Black Gyrfal-

CON.

An extremely rare winter visitant from the north. The follow-
ing are the tenable records : Ipswich^ a male was shot November
7, 1874, and is now in the Peabody Academy at Salem; ^ Breed's
Island^ Boston Harbour, one was taken in October, 1876, and is
now in the Field Columbian Museum at Chicago ; ^ Ipswich^ a fe-
male was captured March 11, 1893.3

176. Falco rusticolus gyrfalco(Linn.). Gyrfalcon.

An extremely rare winter visitor from the north. The following
are the only tenable records : Northamptofi^ one was taken by
Mr. E. O. Damon, in February, i88o;* Stowe, a male was taken
in 188 T, and wrongly referred to 7^ r. obsoletus-,^ Melrose (or
near Lynn), a male was shot January i, 1891.^ This and the
Stowe specimen are now in the collection of Mr. William Brewster,
and the Northampton bird is in the Science Building at Spring-
field.

177. Falco tinnunculus Linn. Kestrel.

Accidental from the Old World. The only record is: Nantas-
ket Beach^ a female was shot at Strawberry Hill, September 29,
1889, by F. H. Brackett.'

178. Falco sparverius Linn. American Sparrow Hawk.
An uncommon summer resident ; a few remain throughout the

winter.

1 Purdie; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, No. 4, Oct., 1879, P- i^9-

^ Cory; ibid.^ Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1877, p. 27.

3 Vickary ; O. & O., Vol. XVIII, No. 4, Apr., 1893, P- S^-

^ Vennor; Forest & Stream, Vol. XIV, Apr. 15, 1880, p. 204.

5 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 3, July, 1883, p. 184, and
Brewster; Minot's Land and Game Birds, 2d ed., 1895, p. 479.

6 Tufts ; O. & O., Vol. XVI, No. 4, Apr., 1891, p. 61.

' Cory; Auk, Vol. ,V, No. i, Jan., 1888, pp. no, and ibid., No. 2, Apr.,
1888, p. 205.

Annotated List of Species 6?

Winter; February to March i8; Summer, to November 14.

Amherst: " Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Not very rare
summer resident." Brookhne : " Uncommon summer resident." Cam-
bridge : Common summer resident. Cohasset : One instance.
Dedham : " Very rare ; one taken." Essex County : " Spring and autumn.
Rare.'' Ipswich: "A few seen eacli summer." Martha's Vineyard:
" Summer resident, rare." Springfield : " Summer resident, not uncom-
mon in winter." Templeton : "Summer resident, not common."
Wellesley : " Scarce summer resident .... rarely winters."

179. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmel.). American

OSPREY.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and common but very
local summer resident in Bristol County. It is said to have for-
merly bred at Ipswich.

(March 16) April 3 to November 11.

Amherst: " Common spring migrant in Hadlev." Berkshire: "Rather
common transient visitant in the spring and autumn .... seen as late as
June II." Bristol County: "Common summer resident. Swansea and
Rehoboth." Brookline : " Uncommon migrant." Cambridge : Common
transient visitant. Cohasset: "Rare." Dedham: " Often seen," Essex
County: "Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich: Formerly bred.
"One seen in summer of 1897." Martha's Vineyard: "Transient; com-
mon." Springfield: "Common during the spring and autumn migra-
tions." Often seen during the summer, but not known to breed. Tem-
pleton: " Common during the migrations." Wellesley: "Not uncom-
mon migrant."

J 80. Asio wilsonianus (Less.). American Long-eared
Owl.

An uncommon permanent resident.

Amherst: " Uncommon resident." Berkshire: " Permanent resident."
Bristol County : " Uncommon permanent resident." Brookline : " Rare
local resident just outside town boundaries." Cambridge : Not com-
mon permanent resident. Dedham: " Not rare." Essex County :" Fall
and winter. Rare." Ipswich: One instance, November. Springfield:
''Tolerably common resident." Templeton: "Common resident."
Wellesley: "Not uncommon resident."

181. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.). Short-eared Owl.
A common spring and autumn migrant, particularly along the
coast and in the Connecticut Vallev ; rare in winter. It is a

68 Birds of Massachusetts

local summer resident on Martha's Vineyard, Muskeget Island
prior to 1896, and Longmeadow, near Springfield.

March 27 to November 20 ; Winter (four records, December
31, January i, February 12 and 2;^).

Amherst: " Very rare." Berkshire: " Two records." Bristol County :
"Rare transient visitant." Cambridge: Uncommon transient visitant.
Cohasset : "Not uncommon in October and November." Dedham : '"One
instance." Essex County : "Winter. Not abundant." Ipswich :" Rather
comm.on winter visitant." Martha's Vineyard: Breeds. Springfield:
" Common spring and autumn visitant. During open winter a number
stay occasionally breeds. Wellesley : " Rare migrant."

182. Bubo virginianus (GmeL). Great Horned Owl.

An uncommon permanent resident along the coast, and not
uncommon in heavily wooded localities inland.

Amherst : " Common resident." Berkshire : " Rare permanent resi-
dent." Bristol County : ''Uncommon permanent resident." Brookline :
*' Formerly a rare summer resident, now uncommonly met with in win-
ter." Cambridge: "Occasional at all seasons." Cohasset: "Occasion-
ally seen, usually in winter." Dedham : " Not rare." Breeds. Essex
County: "Resident. Not abundant." Springfield: " Cornmon resi-
dent." Templeton :" Common resident." Wellesley: " Not very un-
common resident."

183. Bubo virginianus subarcticus (Hoy). Western
Horned Owl.

Accidental from the west. There is but one record : JVa/f/iam,
a typical female specimen was taken by Mr. C. J. Maynard, and
is now in the mounted collection of the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology^ (No. 8336);

184. Nyctea nyctea (Linn.). Snowy Owl.

An irregular, but sometimes not uncommon visitant, particularly
along the coast. An unusual flight occurred in the winter of
1876-77.*

(October 12) October 28 to April 15 (May 20).

* Morse ; Birds of Wellesley, 1897, p. 23.

* Deane; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. II, No. i, Jan,. 1877, PP- 9-H-

Annotated List of Species 6o

Amherst : " Winter visitor, occasional." Berkshire : •' Rare and irreg-
ular winter visitant." Bristol County: '' Rare and irregular w^inter visit-
ant." Brookline : " An accidental visitant." Cambridge : A rare and
irregular winter visitant. Cohasset: Two instances. Essex County:
" Winter. Common." Ipswich : Recorded. Martha's Vineyard : Some-
times taken. Springfield : " Rare winter visitor." Templeton : " Rare
Avinter visitor." Wellesley : " Rare and irregular migrant."

185. Megascops asio (Linn.). Screech Owl.
A common permanent resident.

Amherst: "Common." Berkshire: "Not rare permanent resident."
Bristol County : "Common permanent resident." Brookline: "Com-
mon permaneat resident." Cambridge: " Common permanent resident."
Cohasset: " Common resident." Dedham : " Common resident." Essex
County: "Resident. Common." Ipswich: "Common permanent res-
ident." Martha's Vineyard: "Uncommon resident." Springfield:
"Abundant resident." Templeton: "Resident. Not uncommon." Wel-
lesley : " Common resident."

186. Syrnium nebulosum (Forst.). Barred Owl.

An uncommon resident, sometimes common in the autumn dur-
ing the migrations.

Amherst :" Regular winter resident." Berkshire: "Not uncommon,
permanent resident." Bristol County : " Rather common permanent res-
ident." Brookline: "Uncommon winter visitant." Cambridge: Rare
permanent resident, sometimes common in November and December.
Cohasset: "Rather rare resident." Dedham: "Occasionally found."
Essex County :" Resident. Common." Springfield: " Rather uncommon
resident, occasionally quiet numerous in late autumn." Templeton :
" Common resident." Wellesley : " Rare resident, less uncommon fall
migrant."

187. Scotiaptex cinerea (Gmel). Great Gray Owl.

A very rare winter visitant from the north. The seventeen
records are : Marblehead, one in Februar}', 183 1 ;^ Marblehead,
one in January, 1835;'^ near Boston, two in 1839;*^ Massachu-
setts^ seven about the winter, 1842-43; 3 Cambridge^ one in
1847;* Wenham^OYi^m February, 1859;^ Seekonk, one about

i Putnam ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. I, 1856, p. 204.

2 Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11, Jan., 1870. p. 570, p. 16 of separate.

3 Cabot; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. I, 1844, p. 99.

< Cabot; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. II, 1848, p. 206.

^Maynard; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 130.

^O Birds of Massachusetts

1864, now in the Brown University collection ; ^ Salem ^ one Nov-
ember 10, 1866;^. Lyn?i, one in the winter of 1872 ;3 Agawam,
one on February 25, 1882 ;^ Sherbow'Jie, one "many years ago,"
(prior to 1884) ; ^ Milton, one in winter of 1890-91 ; ^ Princehm,
one, February 28, 1891:^ Blandford^ one, March 4, 1896;^
Westjield, " many years ago" (prior to 1896);^ Northampton, one
taken prior to 1901.^

November 10 to March 4,

188. Cryptoglaux tengmalmi richardsoni (Bonap.). Rich-
ardson's Owl.

An extremely rare winter visitant from the north. The definite
records are: Springfield, one in December, 1859;^° West Ded-
ham, one taken in 1862 ; ^^ Lynn, one shot in 1863, according to
Dr. J. A. Allen, who also saw two others recently killed in the
State ; ^^ Cambridge, at Mount Auburn, one taken in December,
1865 ; ^* Newton, a female, February 26, 1879;^^ Seekonk, a male,
December 18, 1882 ; ^^ Zj^;?;/, one taken Februar3^4, 1882 ; ^^ Fram-
ingham, one taken January i, 1885 ; " Brockton^ one, November
29, 1888;^^ Peahody, one found dead February 2, 1889;^^ Mai-
den^ one said to be in collection of Comparative Zoology. ^^

November 29 to February 26. Vlv^xS'.v .

1 Editors; Rand. Notes on Nat. Hist., Vol. I, No, 7, July, 1884, p. 3.

2 Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11, Jan., 1870, p. 570, p. 16 of separate.

3 Baird, Brewer & Ridgway; Land Birds, Vol. HI, 1874, p. 32.

-» Allen; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 2, Apr., 1883, p. 123.

^Stearns & Coues; New Eng. Bird Life, Vol. II, p. 93.

® Minot ; Land and Game Birds of New Eng. 1877, p. 331.

7 Churchill ; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. 3, July, 1891, p. 313.

** Morris; ibid.. Vol. XIV, No. i, Jan., 1897, p. 100.

^Morris; Birds of Springfield, 1901, p. 22.

i^Allen ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, p. 71.

11 Wakefield ; Birds of Dedham, 1891, p. 71.

12 Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, P'eb., 1870, p. 646, p. 47,48 of separate.
i^Maynard; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 133.

i"* Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX, 1879, p. 272.

i» Jenks ; Bull Nutt. Orn. Club. Vol. VIII, No. 2, Apr., 1883, p. 122.

16 Smith; Forest & Stream, Vol. XX, May 10, 1883, p. 285.

17 Browne; Auk, Vol. II, No. 4, Oct., 1885, p. 384.

18 Editor ; O. & O., Vol. XIII, No. 12, Dec, 1888, p. 191.
19 Welch ; /^/o'., Vol. XIV, No. 2, Feb., 1889, p. 30.

Annotated List of Species ^I

189. Cryptoglaux acadica (Gmel.) . Acadian Owl.

An irregular, uncommon winter visitant, and rare local summer
resident. It has been found to breed at Braintree, Dunstable,
Pleasant Lake on Cape Cod, Pl3'mouth County, Tyngsboro, Ware-
ham and Winchester."*^

Amherst : One instance, October, Berkshire: "Rare, chiefly as a win-
ter visitant. A few without doubt breed." Bristol County : " Rare, and
irregular winter visitor." Brookhne : " Uncommon winter visitant."
Cambridge: Not uncommon winter visitant. Dedham : "Rare."

Essex County : " Resident. Rare." Springfield : " Rather uncommon
winter visitor; probably breeds here occasionally." Templeton : " Rare
winter visitor." Wellesley : " Scarce fall and winter visitant, .... per-
haps rarely resident.

190. Surnia ulula caparoch (Milll.). American Hawk
Owl.

A very rare and irregular winter visitant from the north. The
records are : WilHamstow/i^ one taken prior to 1858 ; ^ Frami7ig-
ham^ one taken, January 1860;^ Natick^ one shot about 1862 : 3
Roxhury^ one taken in 1867 ; 3 Westfield^ five in the autumn of
1867 ; 3 Chatham^ one in the winter of i883-'84 ; * Hadley^ two
taken in March, 1884 ; ^ Lyn?i, one shot prior to 1885 ; ^ Middle-
boro, one taken on November 29, 1886;''^ Winchendon^ three shot
in the winter of i886-'87, and one in winter of i887-'88 ; ^ Sand-
wich, o\i^ taken March 25, 1890;^ Northampton^ ox^& shot prior
to 1901.10

191. Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea (Bonap.). Burrow-
ing Owl.

Accidental from the west. There is but one record : New-

* Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VI, No. 3, July, 1881, pp. 143-145,
and ibid.. Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1882, pp. 22-25.

iChadbourne, Birds of Williamstown, 1888, p. 35.7.

2 Browne; Auk, Vol. II, No. 2, Apr., 1885, p. 220.

^ Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11, Jan. 1870, p. 569, p. 16 of separate.

"Allen; Auk, Vol. II, No. 4, Oct., 1885, p. 383.

^Clark; Birds of Amherst, 1887, p. 48.

« W[ebster] ; O. & O. Vol. X, No. 2, Feb., 1885, p. 32.

'Editor; O. & O., Vol. XIII, No. 12, Dec, 1888, p. 191.

8 Brewster; Auk, Vol. V, No. 4, Oct. 1888, p. 390.

^Frazar; Forest & Stream, Vol. XXXIV, No. 14, Apr. 24, 1890, p. 268.

1° Morris; Birds of Springfield, 1901, p. 22.

^ 2 I Birds of Massachusetts

buryport^ one taken by H. Joyce and J. K. Clifford on May 5^
1875, The specimen is now in the mounted collection of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology.^

192. Strix pratincola Bonap. American Barn Owl.

An accidental visitor from the south, The records are: Lynn^
one taken by Mr. James Teal about 1863 f Springfield^ one taken
the last of May, 1868 ; 3 Dover, one taken prior to 1886 and now
in the Wellesley College Museum collection ; * South Westport,
a male taken by C. T. Wood, December 30, 1888, at Horse
Neck ; ^ Worcester^ a female taken by Chester A. Reed on May
23, 1 89 1, now in Mr. William Brewster's collection and labelled a
male.

193. Ceryle alcyon (Linn.). Belted Kingfisher.
A common summer resident, wintering rarely.
March 15 to December 5, (Winter).

Amherst: " Rather rare." Berkshire: " Rather common summer res-
ident." Bristol County : "Common summer resident." Brookline : " A
permanent resident." Cambridge : Common summer resident.

Cohasset : " Common." Dedham : " Common." Essex County : " Sum-
mer visitant. Common." Ipswich : " Common summer resident."
Martha's Vineyard: "Resident, common in summer." Springfield:
" Common summer and rare winter resident." Templeton : " Common
summer resident." Wellesley: " Common summer resident."

194. Chordeiles virginianus (Gmel.). Night Hawk.
A common summer resident, abundant on migrations.
(March 18; Stearns). (April 7) May 9 to October 6.

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire :*' Not common
summer resident." Bristol County : "Rare transient visitant." Brook-
line: "Common migrant." Cambridge: Not uncommon summer resi-
dent. Cohasset: "Rather rare." Dedham: "Rather common." Essex
County: "Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich: "Uncommon sum-

iDeane; Rod & Gun, Vol. VI, May 15, 1875, P- 97-

2 Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 12, Jan., 1870, p. 646, p. 47 of separate.

^CouesyiV/^ Allen; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. V, 1868, p. 312.

"* Morse ; The Observer, Portland, Conn., Apr., 1896, p. 139.

° Brewster; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 2, Apr., 1890, p. 205.

6 Reed ; O. & O., Vol. XVI, No. 6, June, 1892, p. 92.

Annotated List of Species ^ 'i

mer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Rather uncommon migrant."
Springfield : " Very common summer resident." Templeton : " Common
summer resident." Wellesley: " Local summer resident."

195. Antrostomus vociferus (VVils.) . Whip-poor-will.
A common summer resident, somewhat restricted to dry woods

at low altitudes. Rather rare near the coast.
(April 22) May i to September 25.
Amherst: " Not uncommon summer resident." Berkshire: "Summer
resident. Not rare in some parts of the county." Bristol County :
" Common summer resident." Brookline : " Uncommon migrant and
summer resident." Cambridge : Common summer resident. Cohas-
set : "Rather rare." Dedham : "Common." Essex County :" Sum-
mer visitant. Common." Ipswich: "One noted." Martha's Vine-
yard: "Common summer resident." Springfield: "Common summer
resident." Templeton: "Common summer resident." Wellesley:
" Common summer resident."

196. Antrostomus carolinensis (Gmel.) . Chuck-will's-

WIDOW.

Accidental from the south. One record : Revere^ one found
dead in a barn in December, 1884. It was probably caught by a
cat in October of that year.^ The bird is now in the unmounted
collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (No. 33004).

197. Chaetura pelagica (Linn.). Chimney Swift.
An abundant summer resident.

(April 19) April 26 to September 25 (October 2).

Amherst: "Abundant summer resident." Berkshire: "Abundant
summer resident." Bristol County: "Abundant summer resident."
Brookline: "Common summer resident." Cambridge: Abundant sum-
mer resident. Cohasset: "Numerous." Dedham: "Very common."
Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich: "Abundant
summer resident.'^ Martha's Vineyard: "Common summer resident. '
Springfield: "Common summer resident." Templeton: "Abundant
summer resident," Wellesley: " Abundant summer resident."

198. Trochilus colubris Linn. Ruby-throaied Hum-
mingbird.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and rather common
summer resident.

1 Osgood ; Auk, Vol. II, No. 2, Apr., 1S85, p. 220.

74

Birds of Massachusetts

(May i) May 6 to September 23 (October 15).
Amherst: " Common summer resident." Berkshire : " Fairly common
summer resident." Bristol County : " Common summer resident."
Brookline : " Common summer resident." Cambridge : Uncommon
summer resident. Cohasset : " Not very common." Dedham : " Com-
mon." Essex County: "Summer resident. Common." Ipswich :
*' Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: " Common summer
resident." Springfield : " Common summer resident." Templeton :
*' Common summer resident." "Wellesley : " Common summer resident."

199. Coccyzus americanus (Linn.). Yellow-billed
Cuckoo.

An irregularly common summer resident, in tiie southern por-
tions of the State, but rare in the northern portions.
(May 4) May 9 to September 26 (November).

Amherst:" Uncommon summer resident." Berkshire: " Rather rare
summer resident." Bristol County : " Rather common summer resi-
dent." Brookline : " Common summer resident." Cambridge : Com-
mon summer resident. Cohasset : " Numerous." Dedham : " Toler-
ably common." Martha's Vineyard : " Uncommon summer resident."
Springfield : " Irregular summer resident." Wellesley : " Not scarce
summer resident."

200. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Wils.). Black-billed
Cuckoo.

A common summer resident.

May 8 to September 27 (October 21).

Amiherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Rather com-
mon summer resident." Bristol County : " Rather common summer
resident." Brookline :" Common summer resident." Cambridge: Com-
mon summer resident. Cohasset: "Numerous." Dedham: "Com-
mon." Essex County: "Summer resident. Common." Ipswich:
"Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: " Uncommon sum-
mer resident." Springfield: "Common and regular summer resident."
Templeton: " Common in summer." ^A^ellesley : "Common summer
resident."

201. Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs. Northern Flicker.

A very common summer resident, and wintering not uncom-
monly near the coast, and in the valleys of the southern part of
the State.

March 13 to November 30 ; Winter.

Annotated List of Species yc

Amherst : "Common summer resident," Berkshire: "Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County : " Permanent resident, abundant in sum-
mer." Brookline : "A permanent resident, not uncommon in the winter,
abundant in the summer." Cambridge: Very common summer resident,
common winter resident. Cohasset: " Numerous all the year." Ded-
ham : " Common resident." Essex County: "Resident. Common."
Ipswich : "Abundant permanent resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Com-
mon resident." Springfield : " Abundant summer resident, a few re-
maining during the winter." Templeton : "Abundant summer resident."
Wellesley : " Common summer resident."

202. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linn.). Red-headed
Woodpecker.

An irregular visitant at all seasons of the year, and occasionally
common in autumn. It has been known to breed rarely in the west-
ern part of the State, where the latest definite record is at Aga-
wam in 1889.^ It occurred near Boston in unusual numbers in the
autumn of 'i 881.

Amherst: "Very rare." Berkshire: "Very rare summer resident."
Bristol County : " Rare and irregular straggler." Brookline : "An irreg-
ular visitant." Cambridge: Irregular at all seasons, sometimes common
in fall. Dedham : "One taken in August, 1881." Essex County:
" Spring and autumn. Very rare." Martha's Vineyard : " Rare."
Springfield : " Irregular and rather rare visitor. Has been known to
breed." Templeton: " Rare straggler." Wellesley: " Scarce and irreg-
ular fall and winter resident."

203. Melanerpes carolinus (Linn.). Red-bellied Wood-
pecker.

Accidental from the south. The records are : Spri?igfield^ one
seen May 13, 1863 ; '^ Newton, a pair seen, and the female shot by
Mr. William Adair, November 25, 1880; 3 Cohasset^ a male was
taken by Mr. Matthew Luce, Jr., on May 28, 1881;* Clinton, a
male seen July 17, 1896.^

204. Sphyrapicus varius (Linn.). Yellow-bellied Sap-
sucker.

A fairly common spring and autumn migrant, and in Berkshire

1 Morris ; Auk, Vol. VI, No. 4, Oct., 1889, p. 340.

2 Allen; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, p. 53.

3 Plummer; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VI, No. 2, Apr., 1S81, p. 120.
* Brewster; ibid., Vol. VI, No. 3, July, 1881, p. 183.

^Farmer; Osprey, Vol. I, No. 3, Nov., 1896, p. 39.

^6 Birds of Massachusetts

County, a very rare summer resident. An immature male win-
tered in Brookline in 1895.^

April 4 to May 6 ; (Summer); September 15 to October 23 ; (Win-
ter).

Amherst: "Rare." Berkshire: "Very rare summer resident. Com-
mon during the migration time." Bristol County: "Uncommon tran-
sient visitant." Brookline: " Common migrant." Once in winter. Cam-
bridge : Not common transient visitant. Cohasset : " Less common than
formerly." Dedham : " Rather common in the fall." Essex County :
"Spring and fall. Rather rare." Martha's Vineyard: "Migrant."
Springfield :" Tolerably common during its migrations." Templeton :
" Rare migrant." Wellesley: "Scarce migrant."

205. Dryobates villosus (Linn.). Hairy Woodpecker.

A summer resident, uncommon locally, more common as a
winter resident. In Eastern Massachusetts they breed in certaip
parts of Plymouth County commonly, and at Ponkapog and Nor-
wood.

Amherst: "Uncommon resident." Berkshire: "Not uncommon per-
manent resident." Bristol County : "Permanent resident, rare in sum-
mer, rather common in fall and winter." Berkshire : " Fairly common
migrant and winter visitant." Cambridge: Uncommon winter visit-
ant. Cohasset: "Rare in October." Dedham: "Rare." Essex
County :" October to May." Ipswich: " Not uncommon in spring and
fall." Springfield : " Rather common summer and winter resident." In
fall occasionally numerous. Templeton: " Common resident." Welles-
ley : " A regular and usually scarce fall and winter visitant, rarely a sum-
mer resident."

206. Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swains.). North-
ern Downy Woodpecker.

A common permanent resident, less often seen in summer.

Amherst: "Common resident." Berkshire: "Common permanent
resident." Bristol County: "Common permanent resident." Brook-
line: " Common permanent resident." Cambridge : Common permanent
resident. Cohasset :" Numerous resident." Dedham: "Common resi-
dent." Essex County : " Common in all but the summer months."
Ipswich: "Common resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Common resi-
dent." Springfield : " Common winter and summer resident." Tem-
pleton : "Common resident." Wellesley: " Common resident."

* Kennard; Auk, Vol. XII, No. 3, July, 1895, PP- 3°^' 3°-'

Annotated List of Species 'in

207. Picoides americanus Brehm. American Three-toed
Woodpecker.

An extremely rare winter visitant from the north. The records
are : Boston Market^ winter of 1836 ; ^ Lynn^ a pair taken in the
winter of i86o-'6i, and a female taken also in the same year ; '^
Fitchburg^ Mr. H. L. Piper informs us that he shot a specimen in
a dense swamp about 1895.

208. Picoides arcticus (Swains.). Arctic Three-toed
Woodpecker.

A very rare late autumn and winter visitant from the north.
It has been recorded at the following localities : Attleboro, Bev-
erley, Dorchester, Essex Coi^ty, Holbrook, Hyde Park, Lynn,
Middlesex County, Milton, Mount Nonotuck, Plymouth, Sher-
bourne, Sudbury, Templeton, Westfield, West Medford, Winch-
endon, Woburn. In the winter of i86o-'6i a large flight of
these birds occurred, and at Lynn they were " actually abundant.'"**"

(Last of September) October 16 to January 21 ; (" second Sat-
urday in August").

Bristol County: "One record, Attleboro." Essex County: "Fall.
"S^ery rare." Springfield: "Rare winter resident." Wellesley : "Very
rare fall and winter visitant."

209. Ceophloeus pileatus abieticola Bangs. Northern
Pileated Woodpecker.

A very rare permanent resident in Berkshire, Hampden and
northern Worcester Counties. Casual elsewhere in the State,
having been noted at Manchester in December, 1885, Boston
Highlands, July, 1883, Ashfield in August and October, 1886,
Mount Toby in May, 1892, Sherbourne in 1894, and in Plymouth,
fresh "peck-holes" were seen in a heavy cedar swamp in 1896.
According to Mr. F. H. Kennard, two birds, apparently of this
species, were seen momentarily in Newton in 1890.

Amherst : " Formerh' occurred." Berkshire : " Very rare permanent
resident." Springfield: "A rare resident." Templeton: "A winter

1 Baird, Brewer, & Ridgway ; Land Birds, Vol. II, 1874, p. 534.
^ Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11, Jan., 1870, p. 572, p. 19 of separate,
and * Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Om. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 2, Apr., 1882, p. 122.

y8 Birds of Massachusetts

visitor." Wellesley: " A very rare or accidental fall and winter visit-
ant." (Sherbojirn^).

210. Empidonax flaviventris Baird. Yellow-bellied
Flycatcher.

An uncommon, if not rare spring and autumn migrant.

(May lo) May 15 to June 10; August 25 to September 10;
(November 29 at Reading, December 21 at Newton i).

Amherst: "Uncommon migrant."" Berkshire: "Rare spring and
(presumably) autumn transient visitant." Brookline : "One record,
May 10." Cambridge : Transient visitant, sometimes rather common.
Cohasset : "Occasional." Springfield: "Tolerably common spring and
autumn visitant." Templeton : " Rare during the migrations." Welles-
ley : " Scarce migrant."

211. Empidonax vi^rescens (Vieill.). Green-crested Fly-
catcher.

An accidental summer resident. One instance: Hyde Park,
a " nest and three eggs were taken" in June, 1888, by Mr. Fred.
W. Hill. This nest, with one of the parent birds is now in the
collection of Mr. William Brewster.^

212. Empidonax traillii alnorum Brewst. Alder Fly-
catcher.

A spring and autumn migrant and summer resident, common in
the western and higher portions of the State, but rare and local
in Eastern Massachusetts, where it has been known to breed at
Lynnfield, and has been found in summer at Purgatory Swamp in
Norwood.

May 16 to June i ; Summer ; to August 24.

Amherst : " Uncommon migrant, and possible breeder." Berkshire :
" Common summer resident." Cambridge : Rare transient visitant.
Springfield : " Rare summer /resident .... in extreme western part of
Hampden and Hampshire Counties." Wellesley : " Rare migrant."

213. Empidonax minimus Baird. Least Flycatcher.
A common, if not abundant, summer resident.

1 Allen; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. 2, Apr., 1878, pp. loi, 102.

2 Editor; O. & O., Vol. XIII, No. 10, Oct., 1888, p. 160, and Brewster;
Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2nd ed., 1895, P- 3°*^-

Annotated List of Species ^0

(April 22) April 28 to September 3 (mid-September).

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County : " Abundant summer resident." Brook-
line : "Abundant summer resident." Cambridge: Abundant summer
resident. Cohasset : " Numerous." Dedham : " Abundant." Essex
County: " Summer visitant. Abundant." Ipswich: "Common sum-
mer resident." Springfield: "Common summer resident." Templeton :
"Common in summer." Wellesley : "Very common summer resident."

214. Horizopus virens (Linn.). Wood Pewee.
A common summer resident.

(May 10) May 15 to September 26 (October i).
Amherst : " Common summer resident." Berkshire : " Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County : " Common summer resident." Brook-
line: "Common summer resident." Cambridge: Common summer
resident, Cohasset: "Common." Dedham: "Common." Essex
County: " Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich: " Common summer
resident." Martha's Vineyard : " Abundant summer resident." Spring-
field: " Common summer resident." Templeton: "Common summer
resident." 'Wellesley : " Common summer resident."

215. Nuttallornis borealis (Swains.). Olive-sided Fly-
catcher.

An uncommon but local summer resident, formerly more gen-
erally distributed, for it is recorded breeding at Mount Auburn,
Cambridge by Nuttall, and in Brookline by Audubon, both about
1830, and at Lynn in 1858 by George O. Welch ; and it bred about
Boston until within the 70's It is now wholly absent from these
localities as a summer resident, and at present breeds regularly
only, as far as we know, in Berkshire, Hampden, Worcester,
Plymouth and Barnstable Counties.

May 12 to September 10.

Berkshire: "Summer resident, of restricted range." Brookline:
"One record ; Audubon, Aujjust 8, 1852." Cambridge: Transient visit-
ant; formerly not uncommon summer visitant. Dedham: "Rare."
Essex County: " Summer visitant. Not common." Springfield : " Rather
common summer resident ; breeds regularly at Tatham." Templeton:
"Tolerably common migrant." [Breeds at Winchendon : Brewster.]
Wellesley: " Formerly common, but now scarce migrant."

216. Sayornis phoebe (Lath.). Phcebe.
A common summer resident.

8o Birds of Massachusetts

(February 20) March 15 to October 16 (October 22).
Amherst: "Abundant summer resident." Berkshire: "Common
summer resident." Bristol County : " Common summer resident."
Brookline : " Common summer resident." Cambridge : Common sum-
mer resident. Cohasset : "Common." Dedham : "Common." Essex
County :" Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich: " Common summer
resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Uncommon summer resident."
Springfield: "Common summer resident." Templeton ; "Common
summer resident." Wellesley : "Common summer resident.''

217. Sayornis saya (Bonap.). Say's Phcebe.

Accidental from the west: North Truro^ an adult male cap-
tured on September 30, 1889, near one of the Highland farm-
houses, by Mr. Gerritt S. Miller, Jr.^

218. Myiarchus crinitus (Linn.). Crested Flycatcher.
An uncommon summer resident, but sometimes common locally.

This bird, it would seem, is increasing in numbers as a summer
resident within the State.

(May i) May 9 to September 12 (October 15).
Amherst: " Uncommon summer resident." Berkshire: " Summer res-
ident, not generally common." Bristol County: " Common summer res-
ident." Brookline: " Common summer resident." Cambridge: Uncom-
mon summer resident. Cohasset: " Fairly common." Dedham : "Rare.''
Essex County :" Summer visitant." One pair seen in the summer of
1855. Martha's Vineyard: "Summer resident." Springfield :" Not
generally common, but locally a regular summer resident." Templeton:
"Not very common summer resident." Wellesley: "Scarce and local
summer resident."

219. Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.). Kingbird.
A very common summer resident.

(April 16) May 4 to September 19 (September 26).
Amherst : "Abundant summer resident." Berkshire : " Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County : " Abundant summer resident." Brook-
line : "Abundant summer resident." Cambridge: Abundant summer
resident. Cohasset: "Numerous." Dedham: "Common." Essex
County: "Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich: "Abundant sum-
mer resident." Martha's Vineyard : " Common summer resident."
Springfield: "Abundant." Templeton: "Common." "Wellesley: "Very
common summer resident."

1 Miller ; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 3, July, 1890, p. 228.

Annotated List of Species 8 1

220. Tyrannus dominicensis (Gmel.). Gray Kingbird.
Accidental from the south. One record : Ly7in, an immature

bird, taken October [23], 1869, by Mr. Charles I. Goodale.^

221. Otocorys alpestris (Linn.). Shore Lark.
Inland, a rare spring and autumn migrant, but along the coast,

an abundant migrant, and not uncommon winter resident.

(September 27) October 17 to April 19 (May 27).

Berkshire: "Rare [spring ?] and autumn visitant." Bristol County:
*' Common winter visitant." Cambridge : Common transient visitant.
Cohasset: >^' Abundant." Dedham : " Occasionally seen in early spring."
Essex County: "October to April or May. Abundant.". Ipswich:
" Abundant winter visitant." Martha's Vineyard : " Very common win-
ter visitant." Springfield : " Rare spring and autumn visitor."

222. Otocorys alpestris praticola Hensh. Prairie Horned
Lark.

A rare spring and autumn migrant and summer resident, occur-
ring also in winter. It has been found breeding at North Adams,
Williamstown and Pittsfield,^ and we here record for the first time,
its breeding in Worcester County, at Hubbardston, where, we are
informed by Mr. Frederic Cunningham, Jr., in July, 1899, he
found a nest with eggs, from which the young were safely reared.
Mr. William Brewster records seeing two birds at Concord in
July, 1869,3 which were probably of this race. The only winter
record, at present, is of a flock of twenty-five or more which win-
tered at Longmeadow in i896-'97.'* Autumn and spring coast
records are: two males at Great Island, Hyannis, December 15,
1888.^ On October 26, 1899, at Ipswich, the present writers, in
company with Dr. Walter Faxon, saw four (perhaps six) birds,
of which a male was taken. Although nearest praticola this
specimen seems almost intermediate between that race and are-
nicola, but this may be merely a case of individual variation."

1 Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No 12, Feb., 1870, p. 645, p. 47 of separate.
''Faxon & Brewster; Auk, Vol. IX, No. 2, Apr., 1892, pp. 201, 202; ibid..,
Vol. XI, No. 4, Oct., 1894, pp. 326, 327.

3 Brewster; Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2d ed., 1895, P- 247.
* Morris; Auk, Vol. XVI, No. i, Jan., 1899, p. 85.
^Brewster; Auk, Vol. V, No. i, Jan., 1888, pp. in, 112.
®Howe; Auk, Vol. XVII, No. 2, Apr., 1900, p. 175.

82 Birds of Massachusetts

There is a male from West Roxbury taken March 22, 1873, ^^
the mounted collection of the Boston Society of Natural His-
tory. Three birds were also taken at Revere Beach, February
28, 1883.1

(February 28) ; Summer ; October 26 to December 15 ; (Winter).
Berkshire ; " Rare summer resident." Flocks at Pontoosuc Lake^
November and December. Ipswich : One instance. Springfield : Two
instances.

223. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Aud.). Rough-winged
Swallow.

A very rare summer resident, known to breed in the State only
in certain limestone cliffs at North Ada?ns, Berkshire County,
where two pairs nested in June, 1895.^ There is but one other
record, of a bird taken in May, 185 1, at East/iampto?i, and in the
collection of Mr. H. L. Clark. 3

224. Clivicola riparia (Linn.). Bank Swallow.
A common, and somewhat local summer resident.
April 25 to September 2.

Amherst; " Common summer resident." Berkshire: " Fairly common
summer resident." Bristol County: "Common summer resident."
Brookline: "Formerly not uncommon summer resident." Cambridge:
Common summer resident. Cohasset: " Common summer resident."
Dedham : "Common." Essex County: " Summer visitant. Abundant."
Ipswich: "Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Com-
mon summer resident." Springfield : " Common summer resident."
Templeton: "Abundant in summer." Wellesley ; "Locally common
summer resident."

225. Tachycineta bicolor (VieilL). White-bellied Swal-
low.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant, and now a rather un-
common and local summer resident.

March 22 to October 15.

Amherst: " Common summer resident." Berkshire: " Abundant tran-
sient visitant, not very common summer resident." Bristol County :

1 Brewster; Auk, Vol. V, No. i, Jan., 1898, pp. in, 112.

2 Faxon ; Auk, Vol. XII, No. 4, Oct., 1895, p. 392.

3 Clark ; Birds of Amherst, 1887, p. 49.

Annotated List of Species 8^

" Common summer resident." Brookline : " Common migrant and rare
summer resident." Cambridge : Summer resident, formerly common ;
now common only as a migrant. Cohasset : "Numerous." Dedham :
'•Very common." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Abundant."
Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Com-
mon migrant and summer resident." Springfield: Abundant migrant;
"a few breed." Templeton : "Abundant summer resident." Wellesley :
"Common migrant; less common summer resident."

2*26. Hirundo erythrogastra (Bodd.). Barn Swallow.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant and common summer
resident, but gradually losing ground in the eastern portions of the
State as the old-fashioned barns become replaced by modern
structures.

April 2 to September 30.

Amherst: ''An abundant summer resident." Berkshire: "Abundant
summer resident." Bristol County ; " Common summer resident."
Brookline : '• Formerly common summer resident, now rare except as a
migrant." Cambridge: Common summer resident, fast decreasing.
Cohasset: " Common summer resident." Dedham: "Common." Essex
County: " Summer visitant. Abundant." Ipswich: "Abundant sum-
mer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Common summer resident."
Springfield: "Abundant summer resident." Templeton: "Common
summer resident." Wellesley: " Common summer resident."

227. Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say). Eave Swallow.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and as a summer resident
abundant in the western portions of the State, becoming rare in
the eastern portions.

April 23 to September 30.

Amherst : " Common summer resident." Berkshire : "Abundant sum-
mer resident." Bristol County: " Uncommon transient visitant, formerly
bred." Brookline: "Rare migrant." Cambridge: Summer resident,
much less common than formerly. Cohasset: "Fairly common."
Dedham: " Formerly bred." Essex County : " Summer visitant." Com-
mon. Ipswich: "Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard:
" Summer resident." Springfield : " Rather common summer resident."
Templeton: "A local and irregular summer resident." Wellesley:
" Scarce and local summer resident."

228. Progne subis (Linn.). Purple Martin.

An uncommon and local summer resident ; formerly much
more common.

April 14 to September 30.

84 Birds of Massachusetts

Amherst: "Formerly common, now rare." Berkshire: "Not com-
mon summer resident." Bristol County: " Common transient visitant."
Rare local simimer resident. Brookline : "Rare migrant." Cambridge:
Locally common summer resident. Dedham : "Rare." Essex County:
"Summer visitant. Common." Martha's Vineyard: "Uncommon
summer resident." Springfield: " Rare summer resident." Templeton :
" Locally common in summer." Wellesley : " Scarce and local summer
resident."

229. Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.). Cedar Waxwing.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant, and uncommon and
erratic winter resident. Rather common as a summer resident.
There appear to be two somewhat distinct spring migrations ; one
beginning in the latter part of January, and continuing through
February, and the second lasting through late April and May.

Amherst: " Common .... summer resident." Berkshire: "Abundant
summer resident." Bristol County: "Common summer resident."
Brookline: "Common permanent resident, less common in winter.''
Cambridge : Not common permanent resident, common summer resident,
abundant transient visitant in spring. Cohasset : "Abundant all the
year, especially in winter." Dedham: "Common resident; common,
though appearing very erratically in the winter." Essex County: "Com-
mon ... . except the months of October, November and December."
Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Com-
mon summer resident. Winter." Springfield : " Coinmon summer res-
ident." Often seen in winter. Templeton : " Common summer resi-
dent." Wellesley: " Common summer resident, and common but irreg-
ular visitor at all other seasons." ^

230. Ampelis garrulus Linn. Bohemian Waxwing.
Accidental from the north. The records are : near Boston, in

the autumn of 1832, Audubon's sons saw a pair, "which they
pursued more than an hour, but without success ; " -^ Boston, a
large flock of twenty to thirty birds was noted in midwinter about
1844 ; '^ WiUiamstown, one shot prior to 1858, and now preserved
in the Williams College Museum ; 3 Bolton^ eleven specimens were
captured by S. Jillson in January, 1864;* Cambridge, one was

1 Audubon ; Birds of America, IV, 1842, p. 106.

2 Baird, Brewer & Ridgway ; Land Birds, Vol. I, p. 398.
^Chadbourne; Williams Quarterly, Vol. V, 1858, p. 345.

"Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11. Jan., 1870, p. 579; pp, 25, 26 of
separate.

Annotated List of Species StC

seen by Mr. William Brewster in October, 1869 ; * near Worcester,
several were taken prior to 1870, and recorded as in the posses-
sion of Dr. Henry Bryant ; '^ Ly7i7i, a female was taken February
18, 1877, by Mr. N. Vickary.* This is doubtless the specimen
labelled "Lynn " in the collection of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology; Tau7itoji^ "taken during the winter of i882-'83^* and
Mr. C. S. Phillips records having seen two on December 26,
1885.S

231. Vireo noveboracensis (Gmel.). White-eyed Vireo.
A very local, and in some places, common summer resident.
May 7 to September 27.

Amherst: " Qiiite rare " in May. Berkshire: " Very rare summer
resident." Bristol County: "Uncommon local summer resident."
Brookline : "Uncommon summer resident." Cambridge: Rather rare
summer resident. Cohasset : "Common summer resident." Dedham :
"Not common. Very local." Essex County: " Summer visitant. Rather
common." Springfield; " Ver^^ rare." Templeton : "Rare in sum-
mer." Wellesley : " Scarce summer resident."

232. Vireo solitarius (Wils.). Solitary Vireo.

A rather uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and a rare and
local summer resident, except in the higher portions of the State,
where it is rather common.

April 14 to October 17.

Amherst : " Common migrant, but very rare summer resident." Berk-
shire : " Not uncommon summer resident." Bristol County : "Common
transient visitant and rather rare summer resident." Brookline: "Com-
mon migrant and uncommon summer resident." Cambridge: Com-
mon transient visitant; rather rare summer resident. Cohasset:
"Rare." Dedham: " Not common." Essex County : "Summer. Very
rare." Springfield : "Common spring and autumn visitor, and .... rare
summer resident." Templeton: "Common in summer." "Wellesley:
'' Common migrant and not rarely nests."

233. Vireo flavifrons Vieill. Yellow-throated Vireo.

A rather common summer resident, especially at the lower
altitudes, and apparently increasing in numbers.

'Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11, Jan., 1870, p. 579; pp. 25, 26 of separate.

"Maynard; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 108.

•■'Brewster; Minot's Land and Game Birds, 2d ed., 1895, p. 154.

* Copeland ; teste Bent. MS.

^Phillips; O.&O., Vol. XII, No. II, Nov., 1887, p. 192.

S6 Birds of Massachusetts

'May 2 to September 12.

Amherst: "Common migrant." Berkshire; ''Summer resident, not
common." Bristol County: "Common summer resident." Brookline :
" Common summer resident." Cambridge : Common summer resi-
dent. Dedham : "Common." Essex County: "Summer visitant.
Rather rare." Ipswich: " Rare summer resident." Springfield: "Com-
mon summer resident." Templeton; " Verv rare summer resident."
Wellesley: "Common summer resident."

234. Vireo gilvus (Vieill). Warbling Vireo.

A common summer resident, especially about towns and vil-
lages.

April 29 to September 26.

Amherst: " Not uncommon migrant.*' Berkshire: " Locally common
summer resident." Bristol County : " Common summer resident."
Brookline: "Common summer resident." Cambridge: Common sum-
mer resident. Cohasset : "Fairly common summer resident." Ded-
ham: "Common." Essex County: " Summer visitant. Common."
Springfield: "Common summer resident." Templieton : "Common
summer resident." Wellesley : " Common summer resident."

235. Vireo philadelphicus (Cass.). Philadelphia Vireo.
An extremely rare autumn migrant. The records are : Cam-

bridge, a female taken September 7, 1875;^ Magnolia^ one taken
September 18, 1879, t>y Dr. C. W. Townsend ; ^ Brookline, one
captured in September, 188 1[?], by Mr. Arthur Smith ;3 Cambridge,
one shot on September 27, 1894.'*

236. Vireo olivaceus (Linn.). Red-eyed Vireo.
An abundant summer resident.

May 4 to October 6. (October 11.)

Amherst: "Abundant summer resident." Berkshire: "Abundant
summer resident." Bristol County: "Abundant summer resident."
Brookline: " i^bundant summer resident." Cambridge: Abundant
summer resident. Cohasset: "Abundant summer resident." Dedham:
"Very common." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common."
Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: " Com-

1 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. I, No. i, Apr., 1S76, p. 19.
^Townsend; ibid.. Vol. V, No. i, Jan., 1880, p. 53.
•^Brewster; ibid., Vol. VI, No. i, Jan., i88r, p. 56.
"^P^axon; Auk, Vol. XII, No. i, Jan., 1895, P- ^4-

Annotated List of Species 87

mon summer resident." Springfield: "Abundant summer resident."
Templeton : "Common summer resident." Wellesley . "Common
summer resident.''

237. Lanius borealis Vieill. Great Northern Shrike.
A regular winter visitant, sometimes common.

(October 6) October 12 to April 16.
Amherst: "Uncommon winter visitor." Berkshire: " Winter visitant,
not common." Bristol County: " Not common winter visitant." Brook-
line : "Common winter resident." Cambridge: Common winter visitant.
Cohasset : "Not rare in winter." Dedham: "Rather common in the
winter." Essex County: " Winter. Not abundant." Ipswich: " Rather
common winter visitant." Springfield: " Common winter visitant."
Templeton: '^' Common in winter." Wellesley: " Common .... winter
resident."

238. Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer. Migrant
Shrike.

A very rare permanent resident. It has been recorded breed-
ing at Williamstown, and specimens have also been taken at the
following localities : Ainherst^ April 11, 1884; Brooklitie, Febru-
ary, 1879; Cape Cod at Highland Light, August 22, 1890;
Framingham, January 29, 1884; Ipswich, March 29, 1892; Lynn,
November, 1877; Newtonville, 1874, and January 28,1875;
Taunton, September 12, 1882; West Newton, October 21, 1872.
These specimens have been usually recorded as Latiius ludovi-
cianus excubitorides,

239. Corvus corax (Linn.) . Raven.

An accidental visitant. The records are : Tyngsborough, one
taken prior to 1859 ; ^ Springfield, one taken by Mr. C. W. Bennett
in the autumn of 1859 ; "^ Ded/ia?n, two taken about 1859, one by
Julius M. Lathrop, the other by Dr. H. F. Aten ;* Williamstown^
two taken, one "some time since,"^ i. e. prior to 1877, and one
with no data ; * Nort/iaf?ipton, one taken by Mr. E. O. Damon

i Samuels ; Mass. Secy's Rep. Agric, 1859, p. 193.
2 Allen ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, p. 75.
^Wakefield; Birds of Dedham, 1891, p. 72.

''Tenney; Amer. Nat., Vol. XI, No. 4, Apr., 1877, p. 243 and Brewster;
Auk, Vol. 1, No. I, Jan., 1S84, p. 10.

,88 Birds of Massachusetts

prior to 1901;^ Mr. C. J. Maynard records a nestling received
from TyngsboroLigh, but the identification seems open to doubt. "^

240. Corvus ossifragus Wils. Fish Crow.

Occasional from the south. Mr. William Brewster saw one fly-
ing over Cambridge on March 16, 1875, but the bird was not
taken. 3 The positive records : Wareham, a pair seen and the
female shot on July 16, 1884, by Mr. E. A. Bangs ;* Sprijigfidd,
one was shot on June 9, 1896, and the specimen is now in the col-
lection of Mr. William Brewster ;^ and Mr. Robert O. Morris
records having heard this species there on one or two other occa-
sions.^

241. Corvus americanus Aud. American Crow.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant, and common perma-
nent resident. In winter they congregate at night in large num-
bers to roost.

Amherst: "Abundant resident.'^ Berkshire: ''Common permanent
resident, but not as abundant in winter as in summer." Bristol County:
"Abundant permanent resident." Brookline : "Abundant permanent
resident." Cambridge : Abundant permanent resident. Cohasset :
"Abundant resident." Dedham : " Common resident." Essex County:
"Resident. Abundant." Ipswich: "Abundant resident." Martha's
Vineyard: "Abundant resident." Springfield: "Abundant resident."'
Templeton: " Abundant resident, except in winter." Wellesley: "Com-
mon resident."

242. Perisoreus canadensis (Linn.). Canada Jay.
Accidental from the north. The records are : NewtonviUe, one

seen at very close range by Mr. C. J. Maynard, early in the sum-
mer of 1875;^ Salem, one was taken October 25, 1878, by Lo-
renzo A. Smith, now in the Peabody Academy, Salem ; ^ Wolmrn^
^ -^

1 Morris; Birds of Springfield, 1901, p. 26.

2 Maynard; Birds of E. No. Amer., 1882, p. 155.

•■'Brewster ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. I, No. i, Apr., 1876, p. 19.

"Brewster; Auk, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1887, p. 162.

^Morris ; Auk, Vol. XIV, No. i, Jan., 1897, p. 100.

^Morris; Birds of Springfield, 1901, p. 26.

^ Maynard; Birds of E. No. Amer., part VII, 1878, p. 168.

^Brewster; Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2nd ed., 1895, pp. 474, 475.

Annotated List of Species 8o

recorded wrongly as from Arlington Heights, a male shot Octo-
ber 17, 1889, by Mr. F. B. Winship, and in the collection of
James R. Mann.^

243. Cyanocitta cristata (Linn.). Blue Jay.

A common permanent resident, probably often in the cases ol'
separate individuals.

Amherst: "Abundant resident." Berkshire: "Common permanent
resident." Bristol County : "Permanent resident ; common." Brookline :
" Permanent resident." Cambridge : A common permanent resident and
abundant transient visitant. Cohasset : " Abundant resident." Dedham :
" Common resident." Essex County :" Resident. Common." Ipswich:
"Not common." Martha's Vineyard: "Common resident." Spring-
field: "Common resident." Templeton : "Resident." Wellesley:
" Abundant resident."

244. Parus hudsonicus Forst. Hudsonian Chickadee.

A very rare late autumn and winter visitant from the north. It
has been seen once near a large cedar swamp in Plymouth County,
on June 5, 1896, and may possibly have bred there. It has also
been noted at the following localities : Arlington^ October 18 to
22; Belmont, December 31, 1884; Brookli7ie, 1839; Cambridge^
December 31, 1880; Coficord, October 30, 1870, and October 7,
1880; Moimt Greylock^ December 15 and 19, 1890; North Ash-
b urnham, Maxc\i 17, 1890; Qumcy^M-^rch 14,1885; IVaTer/ey,
November 27, 1889, to April 5, 1890. There are also a few other
instances as yet unavailable for publication.

I

245. Parus atricapillus Linn. Chickadee.
An abundant permanent resident.

Amherst: "Abundant resident." Berkshire; "Permanent resident,
common," Bristol County: " Abimdant permanent resident." BrOok-
line : "Abundant permanent resident." Cambridge: Very common
permanent resident. Cohasset : " Abundant resident." Dedham :
" Verv common resident." Essex County: "Resident. ComiUv n."
Ipswich: " Common permanent resident." Martha's Vineyard ; 'Com-
mon resident." Springfield : " Cpmmon resident." Templeton : " Com-
mon resident." Wellesley : " Very common resident."

■ _j

' Editor; O. & O., Vol. XIV, No. 11, Nov., 1889, p. 176, and Brewster;
Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2d ed., 1895, PP- 474» 475-

90

Birds of Massachusetts

246. Sitta canadensis Linn. Canada Nuthatch.

A common but irregular winter resident, often abundant in
autumn. It breeds regularly in Berkshire County, and locally
elsewhere in the State, as at Ware, Winchendon, Plymouth
County, Bolton, Beverley, Medford and Needham.

September 3 to May 20 ; Summer.

Amherst: "Several instances." Berkshire: "Not uncommon perma-
nent resident." Onlv a migrant and winter visitant in the low country.
Bristol County: "Irregular winter visitant." Brookline : "Common,
often abundant, migrant and winter resident." Cambridge . Irregular
transient and winter visitant. Cohasset: "Irregular; common in
autumn. Some winter." Dedham : "Usually rare." Essex County:
" Common " in winter. Ipswich : " Very common in winter. Once August
15." Martha's Vineyard : " Common in autumn. Once August i." Spring-
field: " Rather common in migration, and an irregular winter visitor."
Templeton: "Migrant of variable abundance." Wellesley : "Irregular
migrant and winter visitant."

247. Sitta carolinensis Lath. White-breasted Nuthatch.
A common spring and autumn migrant and winter resident,

and a rare local summer resident.

Amherst: "Abundant resident, but rare in summer." Berkshire:
*' Permanent resident. Not uncommon." Bristol County : Rather com-
mon winter visitant and common transient visitant; may breed. Brook-
line : " Common winter resident and rare local summer resident." Cam-
bridge : Permanent resident, rare in summer. Cohasset : " Rather rare
resident." Dedham: "Common." Essex County : "Rare." Martha's
Vineyard: "Common resident." Springfield: "Common resident,
more numerous during migrations." Templeton: " Common migrant."
"Wellesley: " Rather common resident. More plentiful as a migrant."

248. Certhia familiaris americana (Bonap.). Brown
Creeper.

A common spring and autumn migrant and winter resident;
as a summer resident found regularly in Berkshire County, and in
certain parts of Plymouth County,^ and also recorded breeding at
Taunton^ in 1878 and Springfield ^ in 1863 and near Boston prior
to 1877.*

September 12 to May 12 ; Summer.

iChadbourne; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 4, Oct., 1896, p. 346.

2 Brewer; Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1879, PP- 87-90.

^ Allen ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, p. 69.

'^ Minot ; Land & Game Birds of N. E., 1877, p. 68.

Annotated List of Species QI

Amherst: "Resident. Common in winter." Berkshire : " Breeds tn
considerable numbers .... on Greylock." A winter visitant to other
portions of the county. Bristol County : " Common winter visitant."
One instance of breeding. Brookline : " Abundant winter resident."
Cambridge : Common transient visitant, rather common winter visitant.
Cohasset : " Common winter visitant." Dedham : " Common in the
winter." Essex County : " Common " in winter. Ipswich : Winter.
Marthas Vineyard: "Uncommon winter resident." Springfield:
" Common spring and autumn migrant and winter resident. Once found
breeding." Templeton : "Common in fall and winter." Wellesley :
*' Common winter resident."

249. Cistothorus palustris (Wils.). Long-billed Marsh
Wren.

A common local summer resident; it has been known to win-
ter occasionally at Fresh Pond, Cambridge.^

May 2 to November 30 (December 10) (Winter).

Berkshire : "Very rare summer resident." Brookline : " Rare migrant,
formerl\- a common summer resident." Cambridge : Locally abundant
summer resident. Dedham: " Common locally." Martha's Vineyard :
*' May to November." Springfield : " Rather rare summer resident."
Wellesley : " Locally cofnmon summer resident."

250. Cistothorus stellaris (Licht.). Short-billed Marsh
Wren.

A very local, and in some places not uncommon summer resi-
dent.

May 10 to October 2.

Berkshire : " Summer resident, .... of local distribution." Cambridge :
Locally common summer resident. Dedham: "Common locally."
Springfield: "Rather rare summer resident." Wellesley: "Locally
common summer resident."

251. Troglodytes hiemalis Vieill. W^inter Wren.

An uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and local summer
resident in Berkshire County and at Winchendon, in Worcester
County,^ and it probably bred once at Lynn. 3 Rare winter resident.

1 Faxon ; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 4, Oct., 1890, pp. 408, 409.

•-2 Brewster; Auk, Vol. V, No. 4, Oct., 1888, p. 392.

^ Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 2, Apr., 1883, pp. 119, 120.

Q2 Birds of Massachusetts

April 8 to 29 ; Summer ; September 15 to December 25; Winter.

Amherst: "Irregular migrant." Berkshire: "Chiefly a spring and
autumn migrant, though many breed." Bristol County: " Rare and irreg-
ular winter visitant." Brookline: " Uncommon migrant." Cambridge:
Transient visitant, rather rare. Dedham: "Rare winter visitor."
Springfield: "Uncommon spring and autumn visitor and rare winter
resident." Templeton ; " Common migrant." Wellesley : " Scarce
migrant and rare winter resident."

252. Hylemathrous aedon (Vieill.). House Wren.

A formerly common summer resident ; now common only locally.

April 24 to October 4.

Amherst: " Uncommon summer resident." Berkshire: "Fairly com-
mon summer resident." Bristol County: "Rare summer resident."
Brookline: "Local summer resident." Cambridge: Locally common
summer resident. Dedham; "Rare." Essex County: "Summer visit-
ant. Common." Springfield: "Rather uncommon summer resident."
Templeton: " Rather rare summer resident." Wellesley: " Scarce sum-
mer resident."

253. Thryothorus ludovicianus (Lath.). Carolina
Wren.

A very rare visitant from the south. It has been noted in the
State during the breeding season, and as it has been found breed-
ing in Rhode Island, it may possibly do so rarely in Massachu-
setts. The records are: ii^2x Boston (Roxbury), a pair seen and
thought to be probably breeding in a swamp, about July 4, 1876 ; ^
Lynn, a bird taken July 6, 1878. This bird. is now in the mounted
collection of the Boston Society of Natural History ; ^ Brookline,
a specimen taken November 4, 1883, by Arthur Smith; 3 Cani-
bridge, a male taken September 27, 1891 ;* Dorchester, Mr.
Francis J. Birtwell writes us that a male was taken and another
bird seen by Mr. F. B. McKechnie, December 30, 1898; Taunton,
one was captured in the barn of John Sharpe, February 13, 1899,
at the time of a great storm. ^

1 Minot; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. I, No. 3, Sept., 1876, p. 76.

2 Brewer; ibid., Vol. Ill, No. 4, Oct., 1878, p. 193.

3 Cory; Auk, Vol. I, No. 1, Jan., 1884, p. 91.

'' Batchelder ; Auk, Vol. IX, No. i, Jan., 1892, pp. jt^, 74.
^ Copeland ; in MS.

Annotated List of Species

93

254. Harporrhynchus rufus (Linn.). Brown Thrasher.
A very common summer resident, except in Berkshire County

where it is not rare. During the winter of 1894. a bird, possibly
a cripple, was observed at Arlington from December 15, 1894, to
March 5, 1895.^ It was, however, supplied with food. A bird
was seen about February 14, 1890, at West Yarmouth, that may
have wintered in the vicinity.^

(March 29) (April 6) April 20 to October 22 (" first of De-
cember ").

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: " Summei res-
ident, not very rare." Bristol County: "Very common summer resi-
dent." Brookline : " Common migrant and summer resident." Cam-
bridge : Very common summer resident. Cohasset : '* Abundant summer
resident." Dedham : "Common." Essex County: " Summer visitant.
Common." Ipswich: "Very common summer resident." Martha's
Vineyard: '■'■ Abundant summer resident." Springfield: "Common
sumnier resident." Templeton : " Common summer resident." Welles-
ley : " Very common summer resident."

255. GaleosGOptes carolinensis (Linn.). Catbird.

A very common summer resident. It has been five times re-
corded in winter, viz., at Wood's Holl, December 28, 1877 ; 3 at
Welles ley, December 30, 1887 ; * at Millbury, December 30,
189 1 ;^ at Waverley, December 17-31, 1892 ;^ and at Martha's
Vineyard.^ December 26, 1900.'

(April 25) April 29 to October 16 (November 14) (Winter).
Amherst : " Abundant summer resident." Berkshire: " Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County: "Very common summer resident."
Brookline: " Abundant summer resident." Cambridge: Abundant sum-
mer resident. Cohasset : " Abundant summer resident." Dedham :
"Common." Essex County: " Summer resident. Common." Ipswich:
"Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Common local
summer resident. Winter." Springfield: "Abundant summer resident."
Templeton: "Abundant summer resident." Wellesley : " Very common
summer resident."

iGilman; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 2, Apr., 1896, pp. 176, 177.

2 B. S. T.; Forest & Stream, Vol. XXXIV, Feb. 27, 1890, p. 104.

=^Murdock ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. i, Jan., 1878, p. 76.

4 Denton ; O. & O., Vol. XIII, No. 7, July, 1888, p. 104.

»Reed; O. & O., Vol. XVI, No. i, Jan., 1891, p. 15.

® Faxon ; in verbis.

' Greenough ; in MS.

94

Birds of Massachusetts

256. Mimus polyglottos (Linn.). Mockingbird.

A very rare summer resident. It has been fomid breeding at Tat-
ham and Springfield,^ at Arlington,"^ at Marshfield,3 and at Groton ; ^
and probably at Hyannis,^ where a young bird in spotted phunage
was taken August 30, 1 891, at Ipswich,^ where a pair were taken on
April 4, 1892, and at Highland Light/ where three birds were
seen September 11, 1890. In addition to the above, two adult
females have been taken at Taunton, April 5, 1893,^ and Novem-
ber II, 1897,® respectively. The many other birds recorded may
be either escaped cage-birds or actual visitants from the south, so
that such records are valueless.

257. Sialia sialis (Linn.). Bluebird.

A common summer resident, more numerous on migrations.
On Cape Cod it winters somewhat regularly in small numbers,
and has been found in winter at various other points near the
coast.

March 2 to November 2 (December 10) (Winter).
Amherst: " Abundant summer resident." Berkshire: " A fairly com-
mon summer resident." Bristol County: "Common summer resident,
casual in winter." Brookline: " Common summer resident," Cam-
bridge: Common summer resident. Cohasset : " Fairly common sum-
mer resident." Dedham: "Very common." Essex County; '"Summer
visitant. Abundant." Ipswich: " Rather common summer resident."
Martha's Vineyard; " Summer resident." Springfield': "'Abundant sum-
mer resident," and in all months except January. Templeton : "Com-
mon summer visitant." ^Vellesley : "Common summer resident ... .
rarely seen in winter."

258. Hesperocichia nsevia (Gmel). Varied Thrush.
An accidental visitant from the far west. The only record is :

1 Allen; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, pp. 67, 68, and Morris ; Auk,
Vol. VI, No. 4, Oct., 1889, p. 125 ; zdtd., Vol. VIII, No. i, Jan., 1891, p. 117,
and zdid., Vol. IX, No. i, Jan., 1892, p. 74.

^Townsend; Auk, Vol. I, No. 2, Apr., 1884, p. 192.

^Torrey; O. & O., Vol. XIV, No. 9, Sept., 1889, p. 144.

^Batchelder; Auk, Vol. XII, No. 3, July, 1895, PP- 3oS, 309.

^Cory; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. 4, Oct., 1891, p. 395.

6 Editor; O. & O., Vol. XVIII, No. 4, Apr., 1893, p. 51.

'Miller; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. i, Jan., 1891, pp. 119, 120.

^ Gaboon ; Forest & Stream, Vol. XX, Apr. 5, 1883, p. 185, and Bent ; Auk,
Vol. XV, No. I, Jan., 1898, pp. 59, 60.

Annotated List of Species QC

Ipstvich, one shot by Mr. C. J. Maynard in December, 1864.^
The specimen is now in the mounted collection of the Boston
Society of Natural History.

259. Merula migratoria (Linn.). American Robin.

iVn abundant summer resident, and not uncommon winter resi-
dent in most portions of the State,* especially along the seacoast.

March 8 to November 23.

Amherst: " iVbundant summer resident." Berkshire: "Abundant
summer resident." A few winter. Bristol County: "Very abundant
summer resident, casual in winter." Brookline: *' Abundant summer,
and not uncommon winter resident." Cambridge : Very abundant sum-
mer resident, common but irregular winter visitant. Cohasset : "Abun"
dant at all seasons." Dedham : " Exceedingly abundant." EssexCounty:
"Resident. Abundant." Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Mar-
tha's Vineyard : " Abundant summer resident." Springfield: "Abun-
dant summer resident, occasionally winters." Templeton : "Abun-
dant." Wellesley : " Abundant summer resident .... a few winter."

260. Hylocichla guttata pallasii (Cab.). Hermit Thrush.
A common spring and autumn migrant, breeding regularly in

Berkshire, Hampden, Worcester, Plymouth and Barnstable
Counties, and at Martha's Vineyard.^ It has also been found
breeding at Lynn,3 Roxbury,* Concord,^ North Beverley, and else-
where. It has occurred occasionally in winter, having been
observed at Roxbury, December 25, 1882,^ and at Waverley, Jan-
uary 12, 189 1, and February 14, 1892.'^

(April 1) April 4 to May 18; September 19 to November 10
(Winter).

Amherst: " Common migrant." Berkshire: Prior to 1894-95 a com-
mon summer resident, less common since then above 800 feet. Bristol

1 Coues, fide, Allen MS.\ Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. V, r866-'67, p. 312.
*Howe; Auk, Vol. XV, No. 2, Apr., 1898, pp. 162-167, and Brewster;
ibid., Vol. VII, No. 4, Oct., 1890, pp. 360-373.

^Howe & Coggins ; Auk, Vol. XVIII, No. i, Jan., 1901, pp. 111,112.

3 Welch; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII, 1870, p. 366.

" Brewer; Bost. Journal Nat. Hist., Vol. VI, 1852,' p. 304, 305.

° Maynard; Birds of East. No. Amer., 1882, p. 10.

6 Job ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 3, July, 1883, p. 149.

"^ Faxon ; /;/ verbis.

q6 Birds of Massachusetts

County: "Common transient visitant." Brookline : "Common migrant."
Cambridge: Very common transient visitant, occasionally one or two
may winter. Cohasset: "Rather uncommon migrant." Dedhani :
*' Common migrant." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common.
Occasionally seen in the winter." Martha's Vineyard : " Uncommon
summer resident about Tashmoo Lake." Springfield: "Common
migrant, and rare summer resident." Templeton : " A rare summer resi-
dent, common as a mijjrant." Wellesley ; "Common migrant, rarely
breeds."

261. Hylocichla ustulata swainsonii (Cab.). Olive-
backed Thrush.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and in the higher por-
tions of Berkshire County not an uncommon summer resident.

(April) May 3 to June 7 ; September 20 to October 21.

Amherst: " Rare and irregular migrant." Berkshire; "Not uncom-
mon summer resident In the low country known only as a spring and

autumn migrant." Bristol County : " Rather common transient visit-
ant." Brookline : " Common migrant." Cambridge : Common transient
visitant. Cohasset: " Not rare migrant." Dedham : "Rather common
Tnigrant." Ipswich: "Uncommon transient visitant." Springfield:
"Common migrant." Templeton: "Common migrant." "Wellesley:
"Common migrant."

262. Hylocichla alicise Baird. Gray-cheeked Thrush.
An uncommon, if not rare, spring and autumn migrant.
May 17 to June 3 ; September 15 to October 9.

Berkshire: " Rare transient visitant." Bristol County : "Uncommon
transient visitant." Brookline : " Rare migrant." Cambridge: Uncom-
mon transient visitant. Dedham : One instance. Springfield : " Rare
late spring and early autumn migrant." Wellesley : " Rare or scarce
migrant."

263. Hylocichla alicise bicknelli (Ridgw.). Bicknell's
Thrush.

A not uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and a very rare
summer resident on the summit of Greylock Mountain in Berk-
shire County.^

May 2 to 25 ; (Summer); October 5 to 25.

1 Faxon ; Auk, Vol. XII, No. 4, Oct., 1895, PP- 39-» 393-

Annotated List of Species ^7

Berkshire : " Very rare summer resident." Brookline : " Rare migrant."
Cambridge: Rather common transient visitant. Dedham : One instance.
^Wellesley : " Scarce migrant."

264. Hylocichla fuscescens (Steph.). Wilson's Thrush.
A very common summer resident.

April 30 to September 11 (September 19).

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Most abun-
dant of the Hylocicklcey Bristol County: "Rather common summer
resident." Brookline: "Abundant summer resident.'^ Cambridge:
Very common summer resident. Cohasset : " Locally common summer
resident." Dedham: "Rather common." Essex County: "Summer
visitant. Coitimon." Ipswich :" Common summer resident." Martha's
Vineyard: One instance, September 22, 1899; ^xohv^Ay H.f. fuliginosa.
Springfield: "Common summer resident." Templeton : "Abundant
summer resident." Wellesley : " Common summer resident."

265. Hylocichla fuscescens fuliginosa Howe.* ^ New-
foundland Thrush'.

Undoubtedly an uncommon spring and late autumn migrant.
The only definite record is : Lanesboro^ one taken on September
27, 1900, by Dr. Walter Faxon and now in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology.^ It is interesting to note that Dr. J. A. Allen
in his " Birds of Springfield " published in 1864 (pp. 57, 58) in his
discussion of the right of Alice's Thrush to recognition wrote:
" Among individuals of Turdus fuscesce7is, collected the past
summer at Springfield, I have detected a difference similar
in kind and as great in degree as that separating forms hereto-
fore considered typical respectively of T. swainsonii and T. alicice.
Thus one specimen is very highly colored throughout, being very
bright i-eddish brown above, and has the breast bright reddish buff,
of about the same tint as is highly colored T. swainsojiii, and the
spots very distinct, while the other is-very pale throughout, being
of a d(tcided\y yellowis/i hroviw above, and has the breast pale buff,
and the spots more indistinct than in the first." Dr. Allen, it will
be seen, was obviously describing Il.f. fuliginosa as compared
with H. fuscescens.

[May]; September [23] to October 5.

* Howe; Auk, Vol. XVII, No. 3, July, 1900, pp. 270, 27 r.
1 Faxon; Auk, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Apr., 1901, p. 198.

q8 Birds of Massachusetts

266. Hylocichla mustelina (Gmel.). Wood Thrush.

A fairly common summer resident. It has only in the last few
years become at all common in Berkshire County.
(April 26) May i to September 28 (October 10).

Amherst: "Uncommon summer resident." Berkshire: " Fairly com-
mon summer resident." Bristol County: "Common summer resi-
dent." Brookline : "Common summer resident." Cambridge: Rather
common summer resident. Cohasset: "Abundant summer resident."
Dedham : "Common." Essex County: '' Summer visitant. Common."
Springfield: "Common summer resident." Templeton : "Rare sum-
mer resident." Wellesley : " Rather common summer resident."

267. Polioptila cserulea (Linn.) . Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.
Accidental from the south. The records are : Chatha7n, one

was seen November 18, 1877, by Arthur Smith, and a few days
later a female, probably the same bird, was taken by Stephen
Decatur ; ^ Falmouth^ an adult male was captured by F. C. Swift,
December 18, 1877 ; ^ this bird is now in the mounted collection
of the Boston Society of Natural History; Magnolia, an im-
mature female was taken by Mr. Outram Bangs, August 27,
1879; 3 Ostennlle^ 2in adult female was captured September 26,
1879, by Dr. A. P. Chadbourne ; * Brookline^ a bird taken Sep-
tember 8, 1887, by Dr. A. L. Reagh ;^ Highland Light, an adult
female shot October 9, 1889, by Mr. G. S. Miller, Jr.^

268. Regulus calendula (Linn.). Ruby-crowned King-
let.

A common spring and autumn migrant ; casual in winter, at
Highland Light, January 15, 1892 ; "^ Fresh Pond, December 23,

1899.'

April 5 to May 13 ; September 23 to November 16 (Winter).
Amherst: "Common migrant." Berkshire: "Rather common tran-
sient visitant in the spring and autumn." Bristol County : "Uncommon

iDeane; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. i, Jan., 1878, p. 45.

^Brewer ; ibid., No. 3, July, pp. 146, 147.

3 Deane ; ibid., Vol. V, No. i, Jan., 1880, p. 47.

* Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX, 1879, P- -64, footnote 2.

^Howe ; Brookline Chronicle, Jan. 30, 1897.

^Miller; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 3, July, 1890, p. 229.

7 White; O. & O., Vol. XVII, No. 6, June, 1882, p. 85..

^ Faxon ; in verbis.

Annotated List of Species QO

transient visitant." Brookline : " Common migrant." Cambridge :
Rather common transient visitant. Cohasset : " Rather uncommon mi-
grant." Dedham : " Rather common migrant." Essex County: "Plenti-
ful in May." Springfield : " Common spring and autumn migrant."
Templeton: " Common migrant." Wellesley : " Common migrant."

269. Regulus satrapa Licht. Golden-crowned Kinglet.
A common spring and autumn migrant and winter resident.

It breeds regularly in the higher portions of the Berkshires and
locally in the eastern part of the State, as at Winchendon,^ Lynn,^
and in Plymouth County. 3

September 18 to May 9 ; Summer.

Amherst: " Not rare winter visitant." Berkshire: "Not uncommon
permanent resident," invading the valley country only as a winter visit-
ant. Bristol County: "Common >vinter visitant." Brookline: "Com-
mon winter resident." Cambridge: .Very common transient visitant;
common winter visitant. Cohasset: " Numerous in winter." Dedham:
"Common winter resident." Essex County; "Common in winter."
Ipswich: "Common winter visitant." Martha's Vineyard: "Common
winter resident." Springfield : " Common spring and autumn visitor,
and rare winter resident." Templeton: "Common during migrations."
, Wellesley : ''Common in spring and fall and at times in winter."

270. Anthus pennsilvanicus (Lath.). American Pipit.

A common spring and autumn migrant ; having been taken
once on June 8, 1878, at Swampscott,* and once on January 4,
1878, at Newburyport.^

P'ebruary 25 to May 20 (June 8) ; September 12 to November
I 24; (Winter).

Amherst: "One instance." Berkshire: "Transient visitant, spring
and autumn." Bristol County: "Common transient visitant." Brook-
line: "Common migrant." Cambridge: Abundant transient visitant-
in fall, but less common in spring. Cohasset: "Not uncommon in
spring, rarer in fall." Dedham: "Rare migrant." Martha's Vineyard :
"Common in autumn." Springfield: "Common autumn and rather
rare spring visitor." Templeton: "Rare migrant." Wellesley: "Mi-
grant." »

1 Brewster ; Auk, Vol. V, No. 4, Oct., 1888, pp. 337-344.

2 Editor ; O. & O., Vol. XIV, No. 6, June, 1889, p. 95.

^ Chadbourne; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 4, Oct., 1896, p. 346.

* Brewer; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. 4, Oct., 1878, p. 194.

= Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIX, 1878, p. 302.

lOO Birds of Massachusetts

271. Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.). American Redstart.
A very common summer resident.

(April 13) April 23 to October 2.

Amherst: "Abundant migrant" [and summer resident]. Berkshire:
*' Common summer resident." Bristol County : "Common summer res-
ident." Brookline : " Abundant summer resident." Cambridge : Very
common summer resident. Cohasset : " Abundant in summer." Ded-
ham : "Common." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common."
Ipswich: "Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard : "Common
summer resident." Springfield : " Common summer resident." Tem-
pleton : " Common summer resident." Wellesley : " Common, but
somewhat local summer resident."

272. Wilsonia canadensis (Linn.). Canadian Warbler.
A common spring and autumn migrant. In Berkshire County

and in central portions of the State it is a common summer
resident, elsewhere in Massachusetts it occurs in summer only
locally in damp, thick, generally evergreen woods.

May II to September 26.

Amherst :" Not uncommon migrant." Berkshire: "Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County: "Uncommon transient visitant, and
rare summer resident." Brookline : " Common migrant and rare local sum-
mer resident." Cambridge : Common transient visitant. Cohasset :
" Sometimes very common in spring." Dedham : "Common migrant
and has been found breeding." Essex County : Summer visitant. Rath-
er rare." Ipswich: "Not common transient visitant." Springfield:
" Common spring and autumn migrant, a few may breed." Templeton :
" Summer resident. Rare." Wellesley: "Rather scarce migrant. ... and
rare summer resident."

a.

273. Wilsonia pusillyt:^ (Wils.). Wilson's Warbler.

A not uncommon spring and autumn migrant.

May 7 to May 29 ; August 23 to September 27 (November
2-20).^

Amherst : " Rare and irregular migrant." Berkshire : " Fairly common
transient visitant." Bristol County: "Uncommon transient visitant."
Brookline: "Uncommon migrant." Cambridge: Common transient
visitant. Dedham: " Rather rare migrant." Essex County : "Rare."
Springfield: "Rare spring and autumn migrant." Templeton: " Com-
mon migrant." Wellesley: " Scarce migrant."

1 Hoffmann ; Auk, Vol. XVI, No. 2, Apr., 1900, p. 196.

Annotated List of Species loi

274. ^A^ilsonia mitrata (Gmel.). Hooded Warbler.

A rare or accidental summer visitant, perhaps rarely breeding.
Mr. J. B. Grimes reports it as formerly observed in the breeding
season near Pittsfield.^ The records are : Brookline, one taken
June 25, 1879, by Wm. Adair; ^ Frovificetown, a male taken on
June 25, 1888, by Harry C. Whorf ; 3 Tatmton, two birds noted on
May 8, 1888, by Mr. B. A. Scudder ; * Framingham^ a male taken
in a barn on October i5_, 1893. '^

275. Icteria virens (Linn.). Yellow-breasted Chat.

A very rare summer resident, except locally, and in the valleys
of Berkshire County where it is not rare in summer.

Amherst: "One instance." Berkshire: "A not rare summer i-esi-
dent." Bristol County: "Rare summer resident." BrookHne : One
record. Cambridge : Rather rare summer resident. Cohasset : " One
instance." Dedham : Recorded. Essex County : " Summer visitant.
Rare." [Now locally common.] Springfield: " Rare, but regular summer
resident." Templeton : [One instance, Winchendon. — Brewster.] ^A^elles-
ley : " Rare local, summer resident."

276. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla (Swains.). Mary-
land Yellow-throat.

An abundant summer resident, occasional in winter, having
been twice observed at Fresh Pond, Cambridge, on January 13
1890^ and once in December,' and at Framingharn in January, 1884.*

April 30 to October 21 (November 27); (Winter).

Amherst: "Abundant summer resident." Berkshire: "Common
summer resident. Bristol County: " Very common summer resident."
Brookhne : "Common slimmer resident." Cambridge: Abundant
summer resident. Cohasset: "Abundant in summer." Dedham:

" \'ery common." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Abundant."
Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Com-
mon summer resident." Springfield: "Abundant summer resident."

1 Faxon and Hoffmann; Birds of Berkshire, 1900, pp. 126, 127, pp. 20, 21
of separate.

'^Deane ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. V, No. 2, Apr., 18S0, pp. 117, iiS.

3 Hitchcock ; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 4, Oct., 1890, p. 407.

** Gopeland ; in MS.

"Eastman; Auk, Vol. XIV, No. 3, July, 1897, p. 327.

^ Faxon; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 4, Oct., 1890, p. 409.

' Faxon ; in verbis.

« Browne ; Auk, Vol. I, No. 4, Oct., 1884, p. 389.

I02 Birds of Massachusetts

Templeton : "Common summer resident.'' Wellesley : ^'Abundant
summer resident."

277. Geothlypis Philadelphia (Wils.). Mourning War-
bler.

A rare spring and autumn migrant, occurring only in Berkshire
County as a summer resident, where it is of very restricted range.

May 14 to June 6; Summer; September.

Amherst: "One instance." Berkshire: "Summer resident." Cam-
bridge: Rare transient visitant. Springfield: "Rare spring and autumn
migrant." Wellesley: " Rare migrant."

278. Geothlypis agilis (Wils.). Connecticut Warbler.

A very rare spring, but not uncommon autumn migrant. It has
been only twice reported, to our knowledge, in spring, once at
Ashland on May 17 and 19, 1883,^ and once at Readville, May
24, 1883.^

May ; September 7 to October 9.

Amherst: "Several instances." Berkshire: "Very rare transient in
the autumn." Bristol County : " Transient visitant in fall." Brookline :
*' Rare fall migrant." Cambridge: Fall, transient visitant, sometimes
locally abundant. Dedham : One instance. Martha's Vineyard: "One
instance. September." Springfield: "A rare spring and common au-
tumn migrant." Wellesley: "Scarce; rather frequently seen in fall."

Note: Geothlypis formosa (Wils.). Kentucky Warbler.

In Dr. Holder's List of the Birds of Lynn (p. 2) he includes this species
as then in the collection of the Lynn Natural History Society. As we
have been unable to see this specimen we make but this mention of it.

279. Siurus motacilla (Vieill.). Large-billed Water
Thrush. '

A very rare summer resident in Berkshire County. A pair
feeding fully fledged young were found on June 11, 1896, at Shef-
field by Dr. Walter Faxon. 3 It has also been taken on July 28,
1895, at Springfield ; ^ on April 28, 1869, on Mount Tom ; ^ and

1 Castle ; O. cS: O., Vol. IX, No. 6, June, 1884, p. 75.

^ Maynard ; Quart. Jour. Bost. Zoo. Soc, Vol. II, No. 3, July, 1S83, pp. 43, 44.

3 Faxon; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 4, Oct., 1896, p. 344.

4 Morris; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. i, Jan!, 1896, p. 86.

-'Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11, Jan., 1870, p. 577, p. 24 of separate.

Annotated List of Species

103

a female on W. A. Stearns's authority at Leverett on May 18,
187 1 ; ^ and a male on July 12, 1886, by H. L. Clark. ^

280. Siurus noveboracensis (Gmel.). Water Thrush.

A common spring and autumn migrant. Although it has been
recorded breeding near Boston, and at other localities in the
State, the records are generally discredited.

April 25 to May 30 (June 17) ; (July) August 3 to October 10.

Amherst : Tavo instances. Berkshire : •' Common transient visitant."
Bristol County: "Rather common transient visitant." Brookline :
"Common migrant." Cambridge: Very common transient visitant.
Cohasset: " Common migrant." Dedham : " Rather common migrant."
Essex County :" Common migrant." Ipswich: " Not common transient
visitant." Martha's Vineyard: "One instance." Springfield: "Com-
mon migrant in spring and autumn." Templeton : "Common migrant.
Breeds [.^]." Wellesley : " Common migrant."

281, Siurus aurocapillus (Linn.). Oven-bird.
An abundant summer resident.

May I to September 27.

Amherst: " Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County : " Abundant summer resident." Brook-
line: "Abundant summer resident." Cambridge : Abundant summer
resident. Cohasset: "Abundant in summer." Dedham: "Verj' com-
mon." Essex County : " Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich :
" Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Common summer
resident." Springfield: "Abundant summer resident." Templeton:
" Common summer resident." Wellesley : "Very common summer
resident."

282: Dendroeca discolor (Vieill). Prairie Warbler.

A common but local summer resident near the coast, abundant
at certain localities, Martha's Vineyard and in Plymouth County
for example.

May 2 to September 25.

Bristol County : " Rather common summer resident." Brookline :
" Common migrant and rare summer resident." Cambridge : Locally
common surpmer resident. Cohasset: One instance. Dedham : " Rather

1 Clark ; Birds of Amherst, 1887, p. 50.

1 04 Birds of Massachusetts

common." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common." Martha's
Vineyard: "Abundant summer resident." Springfield :" Rather uncom
mon migrant and rare suminer resident." Wellesley : "Locally common
suminer resident."

283. Dendrceca palmarum (Gmel.). Palm Warbler.
A rare autumn migrant.

September 7 to October 22.

Berkshire: "Rare transient visitant." Brookline : One instance.
Cambridge: Uncommon transient visitant. Wellesley: "Scarce fall
migrant."

284. DendrcEca palmarum hypochrysea Ridgw. Yellow
Palm Warbler.

A common spring, and uncommon autumn migrant. According
to Dr. J. A. Allen a few have been observed in winter.

April 5 to May 20; September 5 to October 22.

Amherst: " Common migrant." Berkshire: "Common spring and
autumn transient." Bristol County: "Common transient visitant.'*
Brookline: " Common migrant." Cambridge: Abundant transient visit-
ant. Cohasset : " Fairly common spring migrant." Dedham : Rather
common migrant." Essex County: "Spring. Common." Ipswich:
" Abundant transient visitant." Springfield : " Coinmon spring and
autumn migrant." Templeton : " Common migrant." Wellesley :
" Common migrant."

285. Dendrceca vigorsii (Aud.). Pine-creeping Warbler.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and as a summer resi-
dent common, except in the higher portions of the State where it
is rare. Its breeding range is more or less co-extensive with that
of the Pitch Pine {Pi?ius rigida). It has been occasionally taken
in winter, viz., Framingham, December 5, 189 1, and January i,
1882 ; Duxbury, December 27, 1882 ; Belmont, December 15, 1890.

April I to November 25 ; (Winter).

Amherst: "Common migrant." Berkshire: "Very rare summer resi-
dent." Bristol County: "Common migrant and uncommon summer
resident." Brookline : " Common migrant and summer resident."
Cambridge: Common summer resident. Cohasset: "Fairly common
in summer." Dedham: "Common." Essex County: "Summer resi-
dent. Abundant." Martha's Vineyard : " Abundant summer resident.''
Springfield: " Common summer resident." Templeton: "Not common
summer resident." Wellesley: " Common summerresident."

Annotated List of Species

105

286. Dendrceca virens (Gmel.). Black-throated Green
Warbler.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant and summer resident.

April 20 to October 19 (November 3).

Amherst: "Common migrant." Berkshire: " Common summer resi-
dent," abundant on Grejlock. Bristol County : " Common summer resi-
dent." Brookline : ''Abundant summer resident." Cambridge: Very
common suinmer resident. Cohasset : " Numerous in suinmer." Ded-
ham : "Common." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Abundant."
Ipswich: "Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Common
summer resident." Springfield: "Abundant migrant, and not a very
common summer resident." Templeton : " Abundant summer resident "
Wellesley: " Very common summer resident."

287. Dendrceca dominica (Linn.). Yellow-throated
Warbler.

Accidental from the south. The only record is: Dedham, one
taken by G. E. Browne, " nine or ten years ago," [November 4,
1866]. 1

288. Dendrceca blackburniae (Gmel). ^Blackburnian
Warbler.

A rather uncommon spring and autumn migrant ; it breeds in
Berkshire County, at Greenfield in Franklin County, at Holyoke
and Chester in Hampden County, at Winchendon in Worcester
County, at Roxbury in Suffolk County, and at Concord, Lexing-
ton, and Sudbury in Middlesex County.

May 2 to 28 ; Summer; September 7 to October.

Amherst : "/Uncommon migrant." Berkshire : " Abundant summer
resident," more cgmmon on Greylock than in other parts of Count v.
Bristol County: "Transient visitant, rare." Brookline: "Uncommon
migrant." Cambridge: Uncommon transient visitant. Dedham :
" Rare migrant." Essex County: " Rare." Martha's Vineyard : " Tran- J

sient. Rare." Springfield: "Rather common spring and autumn m'-
grant." Breeds. Templeton: Recorded. "Wellesley : " Rather rare
migrant, sometimes not scarce."

289. Dendrceca striata (Forst.). Black- poll Warbl^^r.
A common spring and abundant autumn migrant.

» Purdie; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VoL III, No. 3, July, 187S, p. 14C, also
Wakefield; Birds of Dedham, 1891, p. 74.

Io6 Birds of Massachusetts

(April 15) May 8 to June 14; September 4 to November 4.
Amherst: "Uncommon migrant." Berkshire: "Common transient
visitant." Young seen at North Adams in August,^ Bristol County :
'' Common transient visitant in spring, abundant in fall." Brookline :
" Common spring and abvmdant fall migrant." Cambridge: Abundant
transient visitant. Cohasset : " Common migrant." Dedham : " Com-
mon migrant." Essex County :" Common." Ipswich: " Abundant tran-
sient visitant." Martha's Vineyard: " Common fall migrant." Spring-
field: '' Common spring and autumn migrant." Templeton : "Common
migrant." "Wellesley : " Abundant migrant."

290. Dendrceca castanea (Wils.). Bay-breasted Warbler.
A spring and autumn migrant, varying greatly in numbers in

different seasons.

May 10 to May 26 (June 19) ; (July 2) September 7 to Octo-
ber 8.

Amherst: " Rare and irregular migrant." Berkshire: "Rare spring
and autumn migrant." Bristol County : " Rather rare transient visitant."
Brookline: " Rare migrant." Cambridge: Rather rare transient visitor.
Dedham: " Rare migrant." Essex County : "Rare." Martha's Vine-
yard: "Transient." Springfield: " Usually rather rare spring and autumn
migrant, occasionally common." Templeton: " Rare migrant." Welles-
ley : " Rather rare migrant."

291. Dendrceca pennsilvanica (Linn.). Chestnut-sided
Warbler.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant, and common summer
resident.

May I to September 20.

Amherst : " Common migrant, not rare in summer." Berkshire :
"Abundant summer resident." Bristol County: "Common summer
resident." Brookline : " Common summer resident and abundant mi-
grant." Cambridge: Common summer resident. Cohasset: "Numer-
ous in summer." Dedham : " Very common." Essex County : " Summer
visitant. Rather common." Ipswich: '* Not common summer resident."
Ipswich: "Not common summer resident." Springfield: "Abundant
summer resident." Templeton : " Fairly common summer resident."
Wellesley: " Very common in spring migrations, less common summer
resident."

292. Dendrceca rara Wils. Cerulean Warbler.
Accidental from the south. Although W. A. Stearns recorded

1 Brewer ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. 3, July, 1878, p. 139.

Annotated List of Species 1 07

taking three females at Amherst on May 19, 1884, the record has
generally been considered to refer to D. ccerulescens. We can
now, however, cite the following definite record : Cohasset, a
female (No. 1500), found by Mr. Howe in the Bryant Collection,
now deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, taken on
[July?] II, 1874; the month is given on the original label, but
it is impossible to definitely decipher it.

293. Dendroeca maculosa (Gmel.). Black-and-yellow
Warbler.

A not uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and a common
summer resident in Berkshire County ; it is said to breed at Win-
chendon in Worcester County, and presumably at Blandford and
Chester in Hampden County.

May 8 to 26 ; Summer ; September 11 to October 5.
Amherst: "Rare migrant." Berkshire: " Common summer resident
in spruce regions from Becket northward." Bristol County: "Uncom-
mon transient visitant." Brookline: *' Common migrant." Cambridge
Common transient visitant. Dedham : "Tolerably common migrant.'
Essex County: "Spring. Rather rare." Ipswich: ''Not uncommon
transient visitant." Springfield : " Common spring and autumn mi-
grant. Occasionally breeds.?." Templeton : Recorded. Wellesley .
*' Common migrant."

Note: Dendroeca atiduboni (Towns.). Audubon's Warbler.

A single young male taken on November i6, 1876, near Cambridge,'
has been recorded as this species, but as we understand, coronata some-
times shows a tinge of yellow on the throat, and as this specimen which
we have examined shows no other differences, it having the shorter wings
characteristic of corojiata^ a decided structural difference, we prefer to
consider its peculiarity of coloration due to individual variation. The
specimen is in Mr. Wm. Brewster's collection (No.. 6925).

294. Dendroeca coronata (Linn.). Yellow-rumped War-
bler.

A very common spring and autumn migrant; it is known to
breed in Berkshire County, and probably, at least once, at
Springfield, and in Worcester County at Winchendon, and neat
Wachusett Mountain ; (Concord ?Maynard). It winters common ly
on and near the coast, especially at Cape Cod.

1 Frazar ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1877, p. 27.

Io8 Birds of Massachusetts

April 13 to May 24; Summer; August 23 to November 26;
Winter.

Amherst :" Abundant migrant." Berkshire: "Extremely abundant
during migrations, a few .... breed." Bristol County: "Abundant
transient and common winter visitant." Brookline : " Abundant mi-
grant and rare winter resident." Cambridge : Abundant transient
visitant; a few winter. Cohasset : " Numerous, vSeptember to May."
Dedham : " Common migrant, a few winter." Essex County : " Com-
mon in spring and autumn. Rare in winter." Ipswich: " Common tran-
sient visitant. Winter." Martha's Vineyard: "Common migrant and
winter resident." Springfield: "An abundant spring and autumn mi-
grant, without doubt bred in 1900." Templeton : "Abundant during
migrations." Wellesley : " Abundant migrant."

295. Dendroeca caerulescens (Gmel). Black-throated
Blue Warbler.

A not uncommon spring and autumn migrant, and in the
higher portions of the State a common summer resident.

May 5 to October 11 (November 19).

Amherst: "Common migrant." Berkshire: "Common summer res-
ident." Bristol County : " Rather common transient visitant." Brook-
line : "Common migrant." Cambridge: Rather common transient
visitant. Dedham: "Rather rare migrant." Essex County: "Rare."
Ipswich: "Uncommon transient visitant." Springfield: "Common
spring and autumn migrant; it is an abundant summer resident on the
slope of the mountains just west of Westfield." Templeton : " Not vei-y
common migrant." [June 17 at Winchendon. — Brewster.^] W^ellesley :
" Rather common migrant."

296. Dendroeca sestiva (Gmel.). Yellow Warbler.
An abundant summer resident.

April 23 to September 30.

Amherst^: " Common summer resident." Berkshire : " Suminer resi-
dent." Common. Bristol County : " Very common summer resident."
Brookline : " Abundant sutnmer resident." Cambridge : Abundant sum-
mer resident. Cohasset: "Numerous in summer." Dedham: "Abun-
dant." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich.
"Abundant summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: "Uncommon
summer resident." Springfield: " Common summer resident." Temple-
ton: "Common summer resident." Wellesley: "Common summer
resident."

1 Brewster ; Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2nd ed., 1895, P- ^^S.

Annotated List of Species

109

297. Dendrceca tigrina (Gmel.). Cape May Warbler.
A rare spring and autumn migrant.

May 2 to 25 ; August 25 to September 15.

Amherst : " Very rare." Berkshire : " Rare spring (and presumably
autumn) migrant." Brookline : Three records; in May. Cambridge:
Rare transient visitor. Dedham : One instance. Essex County : "Very
rare." Springfield : " Rare spring and autumn migrant." Templeton :
" Very rare." Wellesley: " Rare migrant."

298. Compsothlypis americana usneae Brewst. North-
ern Parula Warbler.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and common summer
resident in localities where the Usnea moss is found, particularly
on Cape Cod, and Martha's Vineyard.

April 27 to October 9.

Amherst: "Common migrant." Berkshire: "Summer resident, not
common, and local." Bristol County: "Common summer resident."
Brookline: " Abundant migrant." Cambridge: Common transient visit-
ant. Cohasset: "Fairly common migrant." Dedham: "Common as
a migrant, a few breed." Essex County : " Summer visitant. Common."
Ipswich: "Common transient visitant." Martha's Vineyard: "Com-
mon summer resident." Springfield : ** Common spring and autumn
migrant and rather rare summer resident." Templeton : " Common
during migrations; a few breed." Wellesley: "Common migrant;
breeds locally."

299. Helminthophila peregrina (Wils.) . Tennessee War-
bler.

A very rare spring and autumn migrant. The fact of a bird
being heard singing near the summit of Mount Greylock, July 15,
and 16, 1888,^ indicates its possible breeding in the State although
there is no satisfactory evidence on this point.

May 10 to 30; (July 15 and 16) ; August and September.

Berkshire : " Rare spring migrant." Bristol County : " Rare transient
visitor." Cambridge : Rare transient visitant. Dedham : " Several."
Springfield: "Rare spring and autumn migrant." Wellesley: "Rare
migrant." .

300. Helminthophila celata (Say). Orange-crowned
Warbler.

An extremely rare spring and autumn migrant, and it has been

1 Faxon; Auk, Vol. VI, No. 2, Apr., 1889, p. 102.

IIP Birds of Massachusetts

found in the State in winter. The records are : Sprmgfield, one was
shot May 15, 1863, by Dr. J. A. Allen, who saw several other
birds at the same time, which he believed to be of this species ; ^
Lynn^ one taken January i, 1875 5^ Co72cord, a female was taken
by Mr. Wm. Brewster on October 2, 1876 ; 3 Belmont, an adult male
captured in the autumn of 1885 by Mr. H. W. Henshaw.*

301. Helminthophila rubricapilla (Wils.). Nashville
Warbler.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and a rather common
summer resident. There is one winter record, of a bird found at
Swampscott, hung in a barberry bush by a shrike, on January 31,
1890 ; the bird had not been dead over two weeks. ^

(April 20) April 28 to October i.

Amherst: "Common migrant." Berkshire: " Abundant migrant and
common summer resident." Bristol County: "Rare summer resident,
common transient visitant." Brookline: "Common migrant and not
uncommon summer resident." Cambridge : Rather common summer
resident; more common transient visitant. Cohasset : "Fairly com-
mon." Dedham : " Common." Essex County : " Summer visitant ....
quite common." Ipswich: "Common transient visitant." Springfield:
"Very common spring and autumn migrant, and rather uncommon sum-
mer resident." Templeton : " Common summer resident." Wellesley :
" Common migrant, less common summer resident."

302. Helminthophila chrysoptera (Linn.). Golden-winged
Warbler.

A rather common, but very local summer resident at the lower
altitudes in the State.

May 7 to August 25.

Amherst : Recorded. Brookline : "Common migrant, and rare svmimer
resident." Cambridge : Not uncommon summer resident. Dedham :
" More common each year." Springfield : " A very rare summer resi-
dent." Templeton: [A male seen in May, 1888, at Winchendon. — Brews-
ter.] Wellesley: '* Locally common."

1

^ Allen ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, p. 60.

=^Brewdr; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XVII, 1875, P- 439-

3 Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. I, No. 4, Nov., 1876, pp. 94, 95.

4 Brewster; Auk, Vol. Ill, No. 2, Apr., 1886, p. 278.
■'* Faxon; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 4, Oct., 1890, p. 409.

Annotated List of Species III

Note : Hehntntkophila leucobrotickialis (Brewst.). Brewster's War-
bler. •

The claims of this supposed species to recognition seem still to be in
doubt, hence it is not here enumerated. Typical specimens have been re-
corded from Hudson,^ in May or June, 1858, and Newtonville, May 18,
1870. -This is the typespecimen. (See Brewster; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,
Vol. \T, 1881, pp. 218-225, anti Ridgway ; Auk, Vol. II, 1885, pp. 359-363,
and Brewster; ibid., Vol. Ill, 1886, p. 411.)

303. Helminthophila pinus (Linn.). Blue-winged War-
bler. *

Accidental from the south. The records are: Dedham, "a
small flock " was found about the 12th or 15th of May, 1857, by
E. A. Samuels. It seems probable that one of these birds is the
specimen referred to by Cabot in 1858 as presented to the Boston
Society of Natural History ; 3 West Roxbiiry, a male was captured
May 17, 1878, by Mr. C. N. Hammond;* Dorchester^ one was
seen May 15, 1897, by Forster H. Brackett;^ Taunton, one was
taken by J. H. Morse (date unknown).*'

304. Helmitherus vermivorus (Gmel.). Worm-eating
Warbler.

Accidental from the south. The records are: Easthamptoji, W.
A. Stearns says he has seen the bird there : ^ Cambridge, a female
was shot September 19, 1881, by Mr. Henry M. Spelman ; ^ Mr.
[A. L.] Babcock feels very certain that he took an example of this
species at Sherborn .... but the specimen was not preserved ;*
Peabody's (1839, p. 312) statement that it nested at Cambridge
was without doubt an error.

305. Protonotaria citrea (Bodd.). Prothonotary War-
bler.

Accidental from the south. The records are : South Abi?igto?t^

iPurdie; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, No. 3,, July, 1879, P- 184.
2 Brewster; Amer. Sportsman, Vol. V, Oct., 1874, p. 33.
^ Samuels ; Ornithology & Oology of N. E., 1867, p. 213.
''Deane; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. 4, Oct., 1878, p. 188.
"Brackett; Auk, Vol. XV, No. i, Jan., 1898, p. 59.
^Copeland; teste Bent, in AfS.

7 Stearns & Coues; N. E. Bird Life, Vol. I, 1881, p. rii.

8 Spelman; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VI, No. 4, Oct., 1881, p. 246.
® Morse ; Birds of Wellesley, 1897, p. 49.

112 Birds of Massachusetts

a male was shot not previous to 1880 by George Dwelley ; ^
Northampton^ one shot on high ground in May, 1883, by E. O.
Damon, and two others shot at the same time by a friend of his
and at the same place ; ^ Concord^ a male shot May 9, 1886, on
the Assabet River ; an immature female August 17, 1886, and an
adult male August 23, 1886 ; ^ Atiburfidale, a male was noted
singing by the Charles River in a tliicket on June 19, 1890, and
on the 20th it was shot there. There may be some reason for
supposing that a pair was breeding here ; * Hyde Park, one was
taken May 21, 1892 ;^ Mattapan Station^or\e was picked up dead
September 15, 1894, and was apparently killed by flying against
the telegraph wires.®

^ 306. 'Mniotilta varia (Linn.). Black-and-white Warbler.

A very common spring and autumn migrant, and not uncommon
summer resident.

April 18 to October 29 (December 5).

Amherst : " Common migrant but rare summer resident." Berkshire :
"Not uncommon summer resident. Bristol County: " Common sum-
mer resident." Brookline : " Common migrant and summer resident."
Cambridge: Very common summer resident. Cohasset : "Very
numergus." Dedham : "Very common." Essex County: "Sum-
mer visitant. Common." Ipswich: "Common summer resident."
Martha's Vineyard: " Common summer resident." Springfield: "Com-
mon summer resident." Templeton : "Rare." "Wellesley : "Common
summer resident."

307. Piranga rubra (Linn.). Summer Tanager.

Accidental from the south. The records are : Ly?in, two
were taken after a severe storm, April 21, 18^2, according to
S. Jillson ; "^ Swampscott, a bird captured in June, 1866 ; ^ Amherst,

1 Purdie ; Auk, Vol. Ill, No. 4, Oct., 1886, p. 488.

2 Sage ; Auk, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1887, p. 164.

•' Brewster; Auk, Vol. Ill, No. 3, July, 1886, pp. 410, 411, and ibid., p. 488.

"^ Kennard ; O. & O., Vol. XV, No. 7, July, 1890, p. no.

^C. E. B.; Forest & Stream, Vol. XXXVIII, June 16, 1892, p. 362.

^Frazer; Auk, Vol. XII, No. i, Jan., 1895, p. 84.

^ Putnam ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. I, 1856, p. 224.

s Allen ; Bull. Essex Inst., Vol. X, 1878, p. 15.

Annotated List of Species

113

one taken in August, 1867 ;^ Framingham, an immature male was
taken in May, *' some years since," /. e. prior to 1870, by Mr.
A. L. Babcock }

308. Piranga ludoviciana (Wils.). Western Tanager.
Accidental from the west. There is but one record : Salem,

(not Lynn) a bird taken aUve on January 20, 1878.3

309. Piranga erythromelas Vieill. Scarlet Tanager.
A common summer resident.

(May 4) May 8 to October 6.

Amherst: "Not uncommon summer resident." Berkshire: " Com-
mon summer resident." Bristol County: " Common summer resident."
Brookline : " Common summer resident." Cambridge : Rather com-
mon summer resident. Cohasset : " Common in summer." Dedham :
''Common." Essex County : " Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich:
"Not common." Martha's Vineyard: " Summer resident. Rare."
Springfield: "Common summer resident." Templeton : "Tolerably
common in summer." Wellesley : " Common summer resident."

310. Quiscalus quiscula (Linn.). Purple Grackle.

A summer resident in the southernmost portions of the State,
typical quiscula being found only occasionally, while intergrades
showing a preponderance of quiscula blood predominate on Mar-
tha's Vineyard, and Nantucket and in Barnstable and Bristol
Counties. About Boston, Mr. William Brewster writes that only 10%
of the genus Quiscalus show traces of quiscula blood.*

Bristol County : " Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard :
"Abundant summer resident."

311. Quiscalus quiscula seneus (Ridgw.), Bronzed
Grackle.

A common summer resident of the more northern portions of
the State, wintering occasionally at P'resh Pond, Cambridge, and
at Longmeadow, and probably in other favorable localities.

(March i) March 11 to November 22.

> Stearns & Coues ; N. E. Bird Life, Vol. I, 188 1, p. 179.

^ Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. u, Jan., 1870, p. 578, p. 25 of separate.

^ Brewer; Forest & Stream, Vol. XXI, March 14, 1878, p. 95.

* Brewster ; Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2nd ed., 1895, pp. 269, 270.

1 14 Birds of Massachusetts

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Common
summer resident." Brookline : " Abundant local summer resident. '*^
Cambridge: Abundant summer resident. Occasionally in winter. Cohas-
set : "Numerous." Dedham : "Common." Essex County: "Summer
visitant. Abundant.'' Ipswich: " Abundant summer resident." Spring-
field: " Common summer resident." Wintered 1900— '01. Templeton :
"Abundant in summer." W^ellesley : "Common summer resident."

312. Scolecophagus carolinus (Mtill). Rusty Grackle.
A very common spring and autumn migrant. Occasionally in

spring whjle with us this species is heard to sing its peculiar breed-
ing song.

(February 8) February 20 to May 18 ; September 30 to Novem-
ber 25.

Amherst: " Rare but regular migrant." Berkshire: " Transient visit-
ant in the spring and autumn, abundant in the autumn." Bristol County :
" Common transient visitant." Brookline: "Abundant spring and un-
common fall migrant." Cambridge : Very common transient visitant.
Cohasset : " Fairly common." Dedham : " Common migrant." Essex
County: "Spring and autumn. Common." Ipswich: " Rather common
transient visitant." Martha's Vineyard: "One instance." Springfield:
" Common spring and autumn visitor." Templeton: "Common tran-
sient visitor." Wellesley : "Common migrant."

313. Icterus galbula (Linn.). Baltimore Oriole.
An abundant summer resident.

(April) May i to September 6 (November 13, 15,^ 18^).
Amherst: "^Common summer resident." Berkshire: " Common sum-
mer resident of the low country." Bristol County : " Common summer
resident." Brookline :" Abundant summer resident." Cambridge: Very
common summer resident. Cohasset: "Abundant." Dedham: "Com-
mon." Essex County : " Summer visitant. .Common." Ipswich :
" Abundant summer visitant." Martha's Vineyard : " Rare summer resi-
dent." Springfield: " Abundant summer resident." Templeton: "Abun-
dant summer resident." Templeton : " Abundant in summer." Welles-
ley : " Common summer resident."

314. Icterus spurius (Linn.). Orchard Oriole.

A rare and irregular summer resident, except in the western

ijngalls; Auk, Vol. Ill, No. i, Jan., 1886, p. 135.

"■ Editor ; O. & C, Vol. XIII, No. 12 Dec, 1888, p. 191.

Annotated List of Species I I ^

portions of the State, where it appears to be not uncommon.
(May i) May 8 to August.

Amherst : " Occasional and quite rare." Berkshire : " Not uncommon
summer resident." Brookline : One instance. Cambridge: Summer resi-
dent, sometimes rather common. Dedham : One instance. Ipswich: "A
pair nested in 1895 and 1896." Martha's Vineyard : " A pair nested at
Cottage City in 1896." Springfield: "Not uncommon summer resident
in the river towns.'' Wellesley : " Rare summer resident."

315. Sturnella magna (Linn.). Meadowlark.

A common summer resident ; wintering near the coast and
sparingly inland.

March 8 to November 26 ; Winter.

Amherst: " Common summer resident."- Berkshire: "Common sum-
mer resident of the low country." Bristol County : *' Permanent resident,
common in summer, much less so in winter." Cambridge : Common
summer resident. Not uncommon winter visitant. Cohasset : " Com-
mon, rare in winter," Dedham: "Tolerably common." Essex County:
"Resident. Common." Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Not
uncommon in winter. Martha's Vineyard : " Common resident." Spring-
field : " Common summer and rather rare winter resident." Templeton :
" Formerl}' abundant, but now rare." Wellesley: "Common summer
resident sometimes seen in winter."

316. Agelseus phoeniceus (Linn.). Red-winged Black-
bird.

A common, if not abundant summer resident, wintering rarely
and locally at Fresh Pond, Cambridge,^ at Longmeadow, Spring-
field,^ and at Taunton.

(February 25) March 6 to October 20 (November 28); Winter.

Amherst : " Common summer resident." Berkshire : " Common sum-
mer resident." Bristol County :" Abundant summer resident." Brook-
line : " Common summer resident." Cambridge : ' Abundant summer
resident. Cohasset: "Numerous." Dedham: "Common." Essex
County: "Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich :" Abundant sum-
mer resident." Martha's Vineyard: " Abundant siimmer resident."
Springfield : "Abundant summer resident." Wintered in 1 896-' 7. Tem-
pleton: " Abundant in summer." Wellesley: " Abundant summer resi-
dent."

1 Spelman ; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 3, July, 1890, pp. 288, 289.

2 Morris ; Auk, Vol. XIV, No. i, Jan., 1897, p. 100.

Il6 Birds OF Massachusetts

317. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonap.). Yellow-
headed Blackbird.

Accidental from the west. There are three records : Eastham,
two taken by a Mr. Loud on September 10, 1877 ; ^ Watertown^ one
in immature plumage was taken by Frank Sanger on October 15,
1869 ; ^ Monomoy Isla?td, a female taken on September 8, 1897, by
Mr. W. B. Revere.3

318. Molothrus ater (Bodd.). Cowbird.

A common summer resident, wintering occasionally at Belmont,
Watertown and Fresh Pond, Cambridge, and perhaps elsewhere
in suitable localities.

(March i) March 1 1 to October 21 ; Winter.'*

Amherst : " Common summer resident." Berkshire : " Fairly common
summer resident." Bristol County: " Rather common summer resident."
Brookline : " Common, summer resident." Cambridge: Very common
summer resident. Occasional in winter. Cohasset : " Common."
Dedham : "Common." Essex County : " Summer visitant. Common."
Ipswich: " Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard : "Uncom-
mon summer resident." Springfield : " Rather common summer resi-
dent." Templeton : "Not common summer resident." Wellesley:
" Coinmon summer resident, .... sometimes winters."

319. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linn.). Bobolink.

A common summer resident, in some localities abundant, but on
Cape Cod apparently absent.

(April 27) May i to September 29.

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Very com-
mon summer resident." Bristol County : " Common summer resident."
Brookline : " Common summer resident." Cambridge : Very common
summer resident. Cohasset : " Numerous." Dedham : " Common."
Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich: "Abundant
summer resident." Martha's Vineyard: " Transient." Springfield :
*' Abundant summer resident," Templeton : " Common in summer."
Wellesley: "Common summer resident."

1 Allen; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. X, 1878, p. 18.

^ Maynard ; Nat. Guide, 1870, p. 122.

^ Bishop; Auk, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Apr., 1901, p. 195.

''Spelman; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 2, Apr., 1883, pp. 121,
122, Chadbourne ; Auk, Vol. V, No. 2, Apr., 1888, p. 207, and Faxon; Auk,
Vol. VI, No. I, Jan., 1889, p. 72.

Annotated List of Species

117

320. Calamospiza melanocorys Stejn. Lark Bunting.
Accidental from the west. There is but one record : Lynn, a

male shot by Mr. N. Vickary, December 5, 1877. ^ This speci-
men is now in the mounted collection of the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology.

321. Spiza americana (Gmel.). Black-throated Bunting.
Formerly an uncommon summer resident along the coast and

in the western valley bottoms until about 1850. Since then it has
been recorded from Berkshire, 1858, Holyoke, 1866, Newtonville,
1867, West Newbury, 1873, Medford, 1877, Hyde Park, 1878,
Readville, 1879, ^"<i ^^^ xviO^t recent records are : Worcester County^
one taken by I. G. Greene, October 3, 1889 ;^ and Highland Light.
on Cape Cod, an immature male shot September 30, i.

322. Passerina cyanea (Linn.). Indigo-bird.

A common summer resident, except on Cape Cod, where it is
said to be unknown.

May 9 to October 29.

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Abundant
summer resident." Bristol County : " Not common summer resident."
Brookline : " Common summer resident." Cambridge : Rather com-
mon summer resident. Dedham : " Rather common." Essex County :
"Summer visitant. Common." Ipswich : "Not common summer
resident." Springfield: "Common summer resident." Templeton :
"Common summer resident." Wellesley : " Rather common; but some-
what local summer resident."

323. Guiraca caerulea (Linn.). Blue Grosbeak.

Accidental visitant from the south. Peabody in his 1839 Re-
port, mentions that one was '' unquestionably seen " by a friend.
The only definite record is : Brookline, one was shot on May 29,
1880, by Mr. Gordon Plummer.'*

1 Allen; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. i, Jan., 1878, p. 48.

^Greene; O. & O., Vol. XIV, No. 11, Nov., 1889, p. 174.

'^ Miller; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 3, July, 1890, p. 229.

4 Allen; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. V, No. 3, July, 1880, p. 184.

Il8 Birds of Massachusetts

324. Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linn.). Rose-breasted Gros-
beak.

A common summer resident, except on Cape Cod, where it is
apparently absent. Tliis bird has steadily increased in numbers
in the State since about 1850.

(April 26) May 2 to October 3.

Amherst: "Uncommon migrant." Berkshire: " Fairh' common
summer resident." Bristol County : " Common summer resident."
Brookline : "Common summer resident." Cambridge: Common
suifimer resident. Dedham : "Common." Essex County: "Summer
visitant." Formerly rftre. Ipswich: "A few seen." Martha's Vine-
yard; "One instance." Springfield: "Common summer resident."
Templeton : " Rare summer resident." "Wellesley : "Common summer
resident."

325. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linn.). Cardinal Grosbeak.

Accidental from the south ; there is one instance of its breed-
ing, viz., at the Botanical Gardens, Cambridge, about 1835.^ It is
impossible to state what proportion of the males recorded from
Massachusetts were escaped cage-birds or actual stragglers : . the
single female recorded from Arlington^ November i, 1889, by Dr.
Walter Faxon, was probably a straggler.^

Amherst: Three or four instances. Brookline: One instance. Cam-
bridge : Casual. Two instances. Dedham : One instance. Springfield :
*' Accidental visitor." Wellesley; " Occasionally seen."

326. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linn.). Towhee.

A common summer resident, casual in winter, when it has l:)een
observed at Bedford,^ Brookline,^ Jamaica Plain,* and Sandwich.^

(April 2) April 18 to October 22 (November 30); (Winter).

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Summer resi-
dent, not rare." Bristol County: "Very common summer resident."
Brookline: " Common summer resident." Winter. Cambridge: Com-
mon summer resident. Cohasset : " Ver}^ numerous in suminer." Ded-
ham : "Common." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Common."

^Audubon; Birds of America, Vol. Ill, i860, p. 201.

^ Morse ; Birds of Wellesley, 1897, p. 32.

^ Howe; Auk, Vol. XIII, No. 3, July, 1896, pp. 178, and 260, 262.

^ Howe ; Auk, Vol. XV, No. 2, Apr., 1898, p. 189.

° " Mergus " ; Forest & Stream, Vol. XXII, Mar. 6, 1884, p. 103.

Annotated List of Species IIQ

Ipswich: " Not common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard : "Very
abundant summer resident." Springfield: "Common summer resi-
dent." Templeton ; " Common summer resident." Wellesley: "Com-
mon summer resident."

327. Passerella iliaca (Merr.). Fox Sparrow.

A common spring and autumn Migrant, casual in winter.

(February 4^ and 17^) Marcii 9 to April 25; (September 17)
October 15 to November 20 (December 6).

Amherst: " Common spring and fall migrant." Berkshire: "Com-
mon transient visitant." Bristol County : " Common transient visitant."
Brookline : " Common migrant." Cambridge: Abundant transient visit-
ant. Cohasset : "Fairly common migrant." Dedham : "Common mi-
grant." Essex County : ^Migrant. "Abundant." Springfield: " Com-
mon spring and autumn migrant." Templeton: "Common during mi-
grations." Wellesley : " Common migrant." f

328. Melospiza georgiana (Lath.). Swamp Sparrow.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and somewhat local
summer resident, wintering at Fresh Pond, Cambridge.^

(March 16) March 27 to November 30 ; Winter.
Amherst: "Common." Berkshire: "Rather common summer resi-
dent." Bristol County: "Uncommon summer resident." Brookline:
"Common migrant and. ... summer resident." Cambridge : Abundant
summer resident; a few winter. Cohasset: "Not common summer res-
ident." Dedham: "Common." Essex County: "Summer visitant.
Common." Springfield: " Rather uncommon summer resident." Tem-
pleton . " Common summer resident." Wellesley : " Not uncommon
local summer resident."

329. Melospiza lincolnii (Aud.). Lincoln's Finch.
An uncommon spring and common autumn migrant."*

May 7 to June i ; September 12 to October 10 (November i).

Amherst: One instance. May. Berkshire: " Transient visitant in the
spring and autumn, common, more numerous in the autumn." Cam-
bridge : Uncommon transient visitant. Springfield : Several instance-s.
AVcllesley : " Scarce migrant."

1 Job; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. VIII, No. 3, July, 1883, p. 150.

' Chadbourne ; Auk, Vol. II, No. 2, Apr., 1885, P- 216.

* Brewster; Bird- Lore, Vol. II, No. 4, Aug., 1900, pp. 107-112.

I20 Birds OF Massachusetts

330. Melospiza melodia (Wils.). Song Sparrow.

A very common summer resident, and rather common winter
resident, except in the higher portions of the State.

March 12 to November 19 ; Winter.

Amherst: " An abundant summer resident." Berkshire: "An abun-
dant summer resident." A few winter, Bristol County : " Permanent
resident, abundant in summer, locally common in winter." Brookline :
" Abundant summer and uncommon winter resident." Cambridge : Very
abundant summer resident, locally common winter visitant. Cohasset :
" Numerous in summer, common in winter." Dedham : "Very abun-
dant; a few winter." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Abundant."
Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Martha's Vineyard : "Com-
mon resident." Springfield: "Abundant summer resident, and often
winters." Templeton : " Abundant .... a few winter." Wellesley:
"Abundant summer resident .... frequently seen in winter."

331. Junco hiemalis (Linn.). Slate-colored Snowbird.
An abundant spring and autumn migrant, and rather common

winter resident. It breeds in Berkshire County, and in Hampden
County on Mts. Holyoke, Nonotuck and Tom, in Worcester
County at Templeton, Winchendon, Mount Wachusett, Mount
Watatic, and near Fitchburg.

September 18 to May 7 ; Summer.

Amherst : "Common and sometimes abundant winter resident." Berk-
shire : " Abundant transient in the spring and autumn, and a fairly coin-
mon summer resident." Sometimes in the winter. Bristol County :
"Common winter visitant. Abundant on migrations." Brookline:
"Abundant migrant, and common winter resident." Cambridge:
Rather common winter visitant. Abundant transient visitant. Cohasset:
" Numerous in winter." Dedham : " Common winter^ resident." Essex
County: Winter. "Abundant." Ipswich: "Common winter visitant."
Martha's Vineyard: " Common winter resident." Springfield: "An abun-
dant migrant A few winter." Occasionally breeds. Templeton:

"Abundant in spring and fall. 'Breeds." Wellesley: "Abundant migrant
and common winter resident."

332. Junco hiemalis shufeldti Coale. Shufeldt's Snow-
bird.

Accidental from the west. There is but one record : Water-
town, a female was shot March 25, 1874. This bird was originally
recorded as/. //. oregonns}

1 Brewster; Bull. Nuttt. Orn. Club, Vol. I, No. 2, Apr., 1876, p. 19, and in
Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2nd ed., 1895, p. 234.

Annotated List of Species 121

333- Spizella pusilla (Wils.). Field Sparrow.

A common summer resident, wintering rarely near the coast, /. e.
at Barnstable,^ Bristol County,^ Wakefield 3 and Wellesley.3
(March 29) April i to November 13 ; Winter.

Amherst: "Common summer resident." Berkshire: " Common sum-
mer resident.'' Bristol County: "Common summer resident, casual in
winter in small numbers." Brookline : " Common summer resident."
Cambridge: Common summer resident. Cohasset : "Common sum-
mer resident." Dedham : " Common." Essex County : " Summer
visitant. Common." Ipswich: "Uncommon summer resident." Mar-
tha's Vineyard : "Abundant summer resident." Springfield: "Common
summer resident." Templeton : " Common summer resident." Welles-
ley: " Common summer resident." Winter.

334. Spizella breweri Cass. Brewer's Sparrow.
Accidental from the west. There is but one record : Watcr-

tinun, a young male was shot by Mr. William Stone, on December

15, 1873.*

335. Spizella socialis (Wils.). Chipping Sparrow.
An abimdant summer resident.

(March 13^) April 5 to November 25 (December 23^).
Amherst: "Abundant summer resident." [Stearns' record of a flock
seen on March 3 seems open to question.] Berkshire : " Abundant
summer resident." Bristol County: "Abundant summer resident.'^
Brookline: " Abundant summer resident." Cambridge: Abundant sum-
mer resident. Cohasset: " Abundant summer resident." Dedham: "Ex-
tremely abundant." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Abundant."
Ipswich: "Abundant summer resident." Martha's Vineyard : "Abun-
dant summer resident." Springfield: "Abundant summer resident."
Templeton: "Abimdant summer resident." Wellesley : "Abundant
summer resident."

336. Spizella monticola (Gmel). Tree Sparrow.

A common spring and autumn migrant, and not uncommon winter

1 Hoffmann; Auk, Vol. XII, No. 2, Apr., 1895, P- 188.

^ Copeland ; in MS.

^ Torrey ; Auk, Vol. X, No. 2, Apr., 1893, P- ^05.

* Brewster ; Amer. Nat., Vol. VIII, No. 6, June, 1874, pp. 366, 367.

^Cahoon; Forest & Stream, Vol. XX, p. 224.

« White; O. & O., Vol. XVII, No. 6, June, 1882, p. 82.

122 Birds of Massachusetts

resident. Samuel's statement that he found it nesting in Massa-
chusetts is doubtless an error.

(September 21) October 16 to April 28 (May 7).
Amherst: "Common winter resident." Berkshire: "Common mi-
grant in spring and autumn. ... Not common in winter." Bristol
County: "Common winter visitant," Brookline : "Common winter
resident." Cambridge : Common winter visitant. Abundant transient
visitant. Cohasset : " Common winter resident." Dedham : " Common in
winter." Essex County :" Abundant." Ipswich: " Abundant winter visit-
ant." Martha's Vineyard : " Uncommon winter resident." Springfield :
"Common winter resident. Abundant in spring and autumn." Tem-
pleton : " Common in winter." Wellesley : " Common migrant, less
common winter resident."

337. Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmel.). White-throated
Sparrow.

An abundant spring and autumn migrant, occasionally wintering.
It has been found breeding in Worcester County, at Watatic
Mountain,^ Hubbardston,"^ Winchendon ; 3 in Hampden County,
at Granville, Blandford ^ and Springfield ;' in Middlesex County,
at Wakefield^ and Framingham,^ and in Berkshire County.

April 22 to May 26; Summer; September i to November 24;
Winter.

Amherst: " Common migrant." Berkshire: Common spring and fall
migrant. Breeding rarely in valleys, but in considerable numbers on
Greylock range and on Hoosac plateau. Bristol County : " Common
transient visitant." A few winter. Brookline: " Common migrant and
rare winter resident." Cambridge: Very common transient visitant ; a
few winter. .Cohasset: "-Common migrant." Dedham: "Common
migrant." Essex County : " Abundant." Ipswich : " Common tran-
sient visitant." Springfield : "Very common spring and autumn visitor.
Breeds occasionally." Templeton : "Common migrant." Wellesley:
" Common migrant."

338. Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.). White-crowned
Sparrow.

1 Faxon ; in verbis.

2 Howe ; Auk, Vol. XIV, No. 4, Oct., 1895, p. 406.
3 Brewster; Auk, Vol. V, No. 4, Oct., 1888, p. 390.

* Morris; Birds of Springfield, 1901, p. 29.

^Torrey; Auk, Vol. V, No. 4, Oct., 1888, pp. 426, 427.

* Browne; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. V, No. i, Jan., 1880, p. 52.

Annotated List of Species

123

A rare spring and autumn migrant, except in the Berkshires,
where it is apparently not uncommon.

May 5 to May 27 (June 6); September 23 to November 5.
Amherst: " Irregular migrant in May." Berkshire : " Common tran-
sient visitant in the valley country." Bristol County: " Rare transient
visitant." Brookline : "Rare migrant." Cambridge: Uncommon tran-
sient visitant. Cohasset : " Rare in May ; once in June." Dedham :
" Very rare." Essex County : "Very rare." Ipswich: " Several seen."
Springfield: "Rare spring and autumn visitor." Templeton : "Rare
migrant." Wellesley : " Scarce migrant."

339. Chondestes' grammacus (Say). Lark Finch.
Accidental from the west. The records are : Gloucester^ one

about 1845, according to S. Jillson ; ^ Newtonville^ a female was
taken November 25, 1877, by Mr. C. J. Maynard ; "^ Magnolia, one
taken August 27, 1879, t>y ^^^'- ^' S- Townsend ; * Framingham,
one captured April 29, 1882, by F. C. Browne. This bird was
probably the same as one seen in the same place on April 6.'*

340. Ammodramus maritimus (Wils.). Seaside Sparrow.
A rare local summer resident along the coast. It was found

breeding at Westport in 1896, and it is said to be not rare there
as a summer resident.^ On February 9, 1898, Messrs. H. B.
Bigelow and G. C. Shattuck took one on the salt marshes of
Sandy Neck, West Barnstable : at the time the bird was supposed
to be but an accidental straggler,^ but on February 9, 1901, Mr.
Howe, in company with the latter of the above gentlemen, visited
the Sandy Neck marshes, and on the edge of the dunes at nearly
exactly the same point, in a somewhat restricted portion of the
marshes, flushed and killed another bird, which was a male. The
taking of two specimens on the same marsh would, beside the
seeing of another [?] by Mr. Howe on February 6, 1901, point
to the probability of the species breeding there. It has also

* Putnam ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. I, 1856, p. 224.

2 Purdie ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. i, Jan., 1878, p. 44.
^ Townsend ; ibid., Vol. V, No. i, Jan., 1S80, p. 53.

* Browne; ibid.. Vol. VIII, No. 3, July, 1883, pp. 181, 182.
^ Farley; Auk, Vol. XIV, No. 3, July, 1897, p. 322.
«Howe; Auk, Vol. XV, No. 2, Apr., 1898, p. 189.

124

Birds of Massachusetts

been taken at Nahant, a young male in August, 1877. This
specimen is now in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural
History (No. 221).^ On Neponset River in early autumn ;^ from
Monomoy Island in April ; 3 and possibly from Stony Brook, near
Boston, in 1836 and 1837,* and it is not unlikely that it may be
found breeding at some of these places.
April 14 to [September] ; (Winter).

341. Ammodramus caudacutus (Gmel.). Sharp-tailed
Sparrow.

A common summer resident in the salt marshes of the coast.
Mr. Howe, in company with Messrs. G. C. Shattuck and H. B.
Bigelow, took a female on February 9, 1901, on Sandy Neck,
West Barnstable, where it had undoubtedly wintered. The bird
was shot in the sand dunes by the edge of the marsh. This
moves the wintering range of this species from New Jersey to
Massachusetts.

May 20 to November 3 ; (Winter).

Cambridge: [Formerly] common summer resident. Cohasset : "Nu-
merous summer resident." Ipswich: "Common summer resident."
Martha's Vineyard: "Uncommon summer resident."

342. Ammodramus nelsoni (Allen). Nelson's Sparrow.
An uncommon autumn and rare spring migrant along the coast

from the west and northwest. Mr. Howe, in company with Messrs.
G. C. Shattuck and H. B. Bigelow, found this species wintering in
small numbers in the marshes and about the cranberry bogs at
Sandy Neck, West Barnstable, from February 6 to 8, 1901.
Eleven birds in all were seen, three being taken. This is the
only known wintering record for these birds north of Virginia,
where near Cobb's Island Mr. Shattuck found it wintering not un-
commonly in December and January, i896-'97, and certainly a
most interesting occurrence. Although the winter of i9oo-'oi has
been comparatively mild and open, during early February the tem-

1 Brewer; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. Ill, No. i, Jan., 1878, p. 48.
^ Faxon ; Auk, Vol. XIV, No. 3, July, 1897, pp. 320, 321.
•' Cahoon; Auk, Vol. VII, No. 3, July, 1890, pp. 289, 290.
^Brewer; Hist. No. Amer. Birds, Vol. I, 1874, p. 560.

Annotated List of Species 1 25

perature ranged at about 10° above zero, and cold, cutting north-
west winds blew steadily ; the sparrows, however, seemed to suffer
no inconvenience.

May 31 ; September 25 to October 15 ; (Winter).

343. Ammodramus nelsoni subvirgatus (Dwight).
Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow.

A common spring and autumn migrant along the coast.
May 20 to June 8 ; September 3 to November 5.
Cambridge : Very common transient visitant. Cohasset : " Common in
October."

344. Ammodramus henslowii (Aud.). Henslow's Spar-
row.

A not very uncommon, but extremely local summer resident.
Most common in the central portions of the State, absent on Cape
Cod.

May 6 to September.

Amherst: First discovered in 1882, [quite numerous, Brewster]. Berk-
shire: "Summer resident, locally distributed." Cambridge: Very rare
summer resident. Dedham : [Not uncommon at Norwood]. Springfield:
One instance. Templeton : [Breeds at Winchendon. — Brewster]. Wel-
lesley : " Rather rare summer resident."

345. Ammodramus savannarum passerinus (Wils.).
Grasshopper Sparrow.

A not uncommon local summer resident, but easily overlooked.
It breeds commonly on Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard and in
the Connecticut Valley.

(April 25) May 12 to middle of September.

Berkshire : " Summer resident, of local distribution." Bristol County :
"Rare summer resident." Cambridge: Rare summer resident. Essex
County: "Summer visitant. (Common." Martha's Vineyard; "Com-
mon summer resident." Springfield: " Common summer resident."
Wellesley : " Scarce but hardly rare, summer resident."

346. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (Wils.). Sa-
vanna Sparrow.

An abundant migrant, breeding sparingly in most portions of
the State, but not uncommonly in the Berkshires and along the

126 Birds of Massachusetts

coast. It has been found wintering at Sandwich on Cape Cod,i
and once at Longmeadow ( i895-'96).'^

(March 22) April 5 to November 6; (Winter).
Amherst: "Rather uncommon migrant." Berkshire: "Common
summer resident." Bristol County: "Common transient visitant."
Brookline : " Common migrant." Cambridge : Abundant transient visit-
ant. Breeds sparingly. Cohasset: " Common in summer." Dedham :
"Locally common." Essex County: "Summer visitant. Rare." Ips-
wich: " Abundant summer resident-" Martha's Vineyard: "Abundant
summer resident." Springfield: "Common spring and autumn visitor,
and a rare svimmer resident." Once in winter. Wellesley : "Common
migrant .... and locally common summer resident."

347. Passerculus princeps Mayn. Ipswich Sparrow.

A common migrant, and not uncommon winter resident along
the coast, occurring principally among the sand dunes.

October 17 to April 10.

Cambridge : Casual. One instance. October. Cohasset :" Fairly com-
mon in winter." Ipswich : " Rather common in late fall, less so in win-
ter."

348. Pocecetes gramineus (Gmel.). Vesper Sparrow.
A common, if not abundant summer resident.

March 29 to October 23 (November 10).

Amherst: "Abundant summer resident." Berkshire: "Common
summer resident." Bristol County: "Common summer resident."
Brookline: "Not uncommon summer resident." Cambridge: Very
common summer resident. Cohasset : " Common summer resident."
Dedham: "Common." Essex County: " Summer visitant. Common."
Ipswich : " Abundant summer resident." Martha's Vineyard : " Common
summer resident." Springfield: "Common summer resident." Tem-
pleton : "Common summer resident." Wellesley: "Common summer
resident."

349. Calcarius ornatus (Towns.). Chestnut-collared

LONGSPUR.

An accidental visitant from the we^t. There is but one record :
Magnolia^ near Gloucester, a male taken July 28, 1876, by Mr.
C. W. Townsend, and now in the collection of the Boston Society
of Natural History.3

i Hoffmann; Auk, Vol. XII, No. 2, Apr., 1895, p. 188.

2 Morris; Auk, Vol. XIV, No. i, Jan., 1897, p. 100.

3 Brewer ; Bull. Nutt. Orn.'Club, Vol. II, No. 3, July, 1877, P- 78.

Annotated List of Species 1^7

350. Calcarius lapponicus (Linn.). Lapland Longspur.
An uncommon and irregular spring and autumn migrant along

the coast as far south as Duxbury, occurring, however, regularly
and not uncommonly in the autumn at Ipswich. Mr. G. M. Allen
saw one at Fresh Pond, Cambridge, on March 25, 1899 and it
has been taken in one instance at Springfield, November 28, 1895,
and is also recorded from Templeton. The reason for this
species' scarcity in southern portions of the State is that their
southward migration turns inland at about Ipswich, they occur-
ring farther southeast of the Alleghany mountains only as strag-
lers. It occurs in winter at Ipswich only accidentally, a male
being taken on January 6, 1877.

October 9 to December 11 ; February 22 to May i ; (Winter).

Cambridge: [One instance]. Essex County: "October. Rare."
Ipswich : " Not uncommon winter visitant." Springfield : One instance.
Templeton : "Winter visitor."

Note : Rhynchophanes mccoivnti. (Lawr.). McCown's Longspur.

Mr. C. J. Maynard records one taken on January 7, 1877, by Mr. E. A.
Bangs at Ipswich.* This specimen we learn from Mr. O. Bangs was
bought in the Boston Market by him and his brother when boys, they be*
ing told at the time that the bird came from Ipswich, but although Mr.
Bangs believes the specimen to probably have been taken in the State,
the evidence is so insufficient tJiat the record is only worth this casual
mention.

351. Plectrophenax nivalis (Linn.). Snow Bunting.

A common winter visitant from the north, often abundant along
the coast. Audubon's reference to its breeding in Massachusetts
is undoubtedly an error, and the record of its breeding at Spring-
field in 1862 has been expunged, the bird having been Ju7ico
hiemalis.

October 15 to March 30 (May).

Amherst : " Occasional .... in severe winters." Berkshire : " Irregu-
lar winter visitant, not abundant." Bristol County: "Common winter
visitant on the coast, less common inland." Brookline : " Rare winter
visitant." Cambridge: Common winter visitant. Abundant in migra-
tions. Cohasset : "Common in winter." Dedham : "Occasionally
common in winter, appearing in large flocks." Essex County : " Octo-

^Maynard; Birds of East. No. Amer., Revised Ed., 1896, p. 516.

128 Birds OF Massachusetts

ber to April or May. Abundant.'" Ipswich: "Abundant winter visit-
ant." Martha's Vineyard : " Uncommon winter visitant."' Springfield:
" Common winter visitor." Templeton : "Common and regular winter
visitor." Wellesley: "Rather common but irregular winter visitant."

352. Spinus pinus (Wils.). Pine Finch.

An irregular but often abundant winter visitant from the north.
It is not improbable that it breeds on the mountains in Berkshire,
and its nest has been twice found in the State, once on May 9,
1859, in Cambridge, one of the eggs of which set is now in the
collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology,^ and again
at Newton in May, 1883. ^

September 24 to May 27 (July 15).

Berkshire : " Irregular winter visitant. Probably breeds on the higher
mountains." Bristol County : " Irregular winter visitant, varying in
abundance." Brookline: "Common winter visitant." Cambridge:
Irregular winter visitant, sometimes very abundant. Cohasset : " Com-
mon in winter." Dedham : "Rather scarce winter visitor." Essex
County: "Winter." Ipswich: " A few seen." Springfield: "Irregular
winter visitor, not usually common." Wellesley: " Spring and autumn
migrant, and winter visitant."

353. Astragalinus tristis (Linn.). American Goldfinch.
A permanent resident, very common in summer, and not un-
common in winter.

Amherst: "Common resident." Berkshire: "Abundant summer
resident. Rare in winter." Bristol County: '' Common permanent resi-
dent." Brookline: " Abimdant permanent resident." Cambridge: Very
common permanent resident. Cohasset: "Abundant all the year."
Dedham: " Common resident." Essex County: "Resident. Abundant."
Ipswich: " Abundant permanent resident." Martha's Vineyard ; "Com-
mon resident." Springfield : " Common permanent resident." Temple-
ton: " Common resident." "Wellesley: " Common resident."

354. Acanthis linaria (Linn.). Redpoll.

An irregular, but sometimes abundant winter visitant from the
north.

(October 17) October 25 to April 25.

Amherst: "Irregular in winter and spring." Berkshire: "Irregular
winter visitant." Bristol County: " Irregular winter visitant, varying

' Baird, Brewer & Ridgway; Birds of N. Amer., Land Birds, Vol. I, 1874.

p. 387.

^ Morse, teste Purdie; Birds of Wellesley, 1897, p. 30.

Annotated List of Species

129

in abundance." Brookline : " Common irregular winter visitant." Cam-
bridge : Irregular winter visitant, often very abundant. Cohasset : "Com-
mon in winter." Dedham : " Often common in the winter." Essex
County: "Winter. Common." Ipswich: " Occasionally common in
winter." Springfield : " Irregular winter visitor." Templeton : " Com-
mon winter visitor." Wellesley : " Common, often abundant, but irreg-
ular winter visitor."

355. Acanthis linaria rostrata (Coues). Greater Red-
poll.

An irregular winter visitant near tlie coast, where it is some-
times common.

December 27 to February 24.

Brookline : One instance. Cambridge : Irregular winter visitor.
Ipswich: "Three taken in February, 1900." Wellesley: " Irregular, but
not xary uncommon winter visitor."

356. Acanthis linaria holboellii (Brehm). Holboll's
Redpoll.

A very rare winter visitant from the north. The positive
records are : Swampscott, two males were shot on March 26, 1883,
and are now in the collection of Mr. William Brewster;^ Lexing-
ton, a female was taken March 10, 1890, by Dr. Walter Faxon.^

357. Acanthis hornemannii exilipes (Coues). Hoary
Redpoll.

A very rare winter visitant from the north. The positive
records are : Massachusetts, a bird from the State taken in 1870,
and now in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zool-
ogy; 3 Revere Beach, a pair killed March 9, 1873, by Messrs.
H. M. Spelman and A. P. Chadbourne. Mr. Spelman now has
the male in his collection, and Mr. Chadbourne the female ; *
Swampscotty one was taken November 16, 1878, by Mr. W. A. Jeff-
ries ;^ Revere Beach^ a pair was shot March 8, 1879, t>y Mr. Forster
H. Brackett and deposited in the collection of Mr. Charles R.

' Brewster ; Auk, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1887, p. 163.

^ Brewster; in Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2nd ed., 1895, p. 472.

3 Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11, Jan., 1870, p. 583, p. 30 of separate.

" Brewster; Auk, Vol. IV, No. 3, Apr., 1887, p. 163.

^ Brewer; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. IV, No. 2, Apr., 1879, P- 121.

130

Birds of Massachusetts

Lamb ; ^ Ccunbridge^ a male was taken by Mr. Henry M. Spelman,
November 15, 1880 ; ^ Nantasket Beach^ a male was shot February
22, 1883, by Mr. Matthew Lucas [=iLuce ?], Jr., and is now in Mr.
William Brewster's collection ; ^ Mantasket, '''- a few" were taken
in the winter of i882-'83, according to Mr. A. P. Chadbourne ; ^
SA.t\\ Waltham, one t^ken March 20, 1888, by Dr. Walter Faxon ;

Massachusetts, Dr. T. M. Brewer recorded as " undoubtedly "^
from Massachusetts a bird in the collection of F. P. Atkinson ; 3
Newtonville^ a specimen is cited by Mr. A. P. Morse as in the
collection of the Museum of Wellesley College, No. 10,861.^
November 15 to March 20.

Note: Acantkis brewsterii'R.idgw. Brewster's Linnet.

The type of this supposed species, which was taken at Waltham, Nov-
ember I, 1870, by Mr. William Brewster, remains unique. It may possibly
be a hybrid, and until more is known about this form, it requires only
this mention.^

358. Loxia leucoptera Gmel. White-winged Crossbill.

A rare and irregular winter visitant from the north, often
abundant. It was abundant in the State during the winters of
i854-'55, i86o-'6i, i868-'69, i88i-'82, i889-'9o, and especially
so in 1899-1900.
, October 22 to May 12 (May 25).

Amherst: " Occasionally seen." Berkshire: " Irregular winter visit-
ant." Bristol County: "Very rare and irregular winter visitant."
Common in 1900." Brookline : " Irregular winter visitant." Cambridge:
Irregular winter visitant. Cohasset : " Numerous in winter of 1899-1Q00."
Dedham : "Common winter visitor " [.?]. Essex County: "Winter."
Ipswich : "Common in winters of [i868-'69] and 1899-1900." Springfield:
" Irregular winter visitor." Templeton : " Rare and irregular winter
visitor." Wellesley: " Scarce and irregular winter visitor."

359. Loxia curvirostra minor (Brehm). American Red
Crossbill.

An irregular visitant at all seasons and in varying abundance.

1 Brewster; Auk, Vol. IV, No. 3, Apr., 1887, p. 163.

^ Chadbourne; Quart. Journ. Boston Z06I. Soc, Vol. II, No. 3, Apr., 1883^

P-3I-

3 Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX, 1879, p. 270.

•* Morse; Birds of Wellesley, 1897, p. 290.

^ Ridgway; Amer. Nat., Vol. VI, No. 7, July, 1872, p. 433.

Annotated List of Species

131

Breeds also irregularly and rarely. It nested in August, 1875, at
Tyngsborough.^ Young birds were obtained at Weston in May,
1862 ;■- birds were also taken in first plumage in August in
Newtonville ; ^ it was also found breeding in Framingham in
1884; 3 three females were taken in April, 1889, near Highland
Light, Cape Cod which had just deposited eggs * and Derhaps bred t3^
at Winchendon in 1888.^ It probably occasionally breeds in
Berkshire County.

Amherst: " Very irregular, some years common." Berkshire: "Found
at all seasons." Bristol County : " Irregular winter visitant." Brookline :
" Common migrant, .... irregular at all seasons." Cambridge : Of irreg-
ular occurrence at all seasons. Cohasset: "Irregular winter visitor."
Dedham : "A very erratic winter visitor." Essex County: "Winter.
Abundant." Ipswich: Irregular at all seasons. Martha's Vineyard:
" Uncommon migrant." Springfield: " Irregular winter visitor : it may
occasionally breed here." Templeton : " Irregular winter visitor." ^A^el-
lesley : " Irregular winter visitant .... sometimes common."

360, Carpodacus purpureus (Gmel.). Purple Finch.

A common summer resident, and not uncommon in winter,
tho.ugh varying in numbers during different years.

March 8 to October 21.

Amherst :" Common summer resident." Berkshire: "Common sum-
mer resident, rare in winter." Bristol County: " Common summer resi-
dent. Casual in winter." Brookline: " Permanent resident, rare in win-
ter, common in summer." Cambridge : Permanent resident. Very
common from March to October ; irregular, but sometimes abundant in
winter. Cohasset: " Numerous in summer, common in winter." Ded-
ham: "Common. A few winter." Essex County: "Resident. Com-
mon." Ipswich :" Common summer resident." Martha's Vineyard :
"Uncommon summer resident." Springfield: "Tolerably common
summer resident, more numerous during migration ; occasionally here
during winter." Templeton: " Common summer resident." Wellesley:
" Common summer resident .... sometimes found in winter."

361. Pinicola enucleator canadensis (Cab.). Canadian
Pine Grosbeak.

An irregular, but often abundant winter visitant^. Appearing,

1 Maynard ; Birds of East. N. Amer., 1882, Appen., p. 518.

2 Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 11, Jan., 1870, p. 584, p. 31 of separate.
2 Browne; Auk, Vol. II, No. i, Jan., 1885, p. 105.

^Miller; Auk, Vol. VII, No. i, Jan., 1890, p. 228.
5 Brewster ; Auk, Vol. V, No. 4, Oct.. 1888, p. 390.

1^2 Birds of Massachusetts

however, along the northern border of the State m small num-
bers much more regularly than elsewhere. Of the large flights,
the most recent was in the winter of i8g2-g^^

November 4 to April 4.

Amherst: "Common, but very irregular winter visitor." Berkshire:
*' Irregular winter visitant." Bristol County : " Irregular winter visitant,
varying in abundance." Brookline : " Common irregular winter visitant."
Cambridge : Irregular winter visitant. Frequently common, sometimes
abundant. Cohasset : "Irregular in winter." Dedham : "Erratic win-
ter visitor." Essex County: "Winter. Rather rare." Springfield:
*' Irregular winter visitor." Templeton : " An irregular winter visitor."
Wellesley : " Irregular winter visitor."

362. Coccothraustes vespertinus (Coop.). Evening Gros-
beak.

An accidental visitant from the northwest. There was a great
incursion of this species into New England in the winter of 1889-
1890, when specimens were taken at the following places :
Adams, Agawam, Amherst, Ayer Junction, Berkshire, Boxford,
Crescent Beach, East Brimfield, Lanesboro, Lenox, Lynn, Melrose,
Natick, Reading, Sheffield, South Natick, South (not North) Sud-
bury, Taunton, Tyngsborough, Wellesley, West Newton, West Pel-
ham, West Roxbury and Williamstown. This is probably the
most interesting bird-flight ever recorded in Massachusetts.^

January i to April,

Berkshire: "Appeared in considerable numbers in the winter of 1889-
1890." Bristol County: "One instance. Mar. 8, 1S90." Cambridge:
Known to have occurred only in the winter of iS89-'9o. Springfield:
Winter of i889-'90. "Wellesley: "Casual."

EXTIRPATED SPECIES.*

I. Meleagris gallopavo Linn. Wild Turkey. — This spe-
cies was a common permanent resident in the State until about a

1 Brewster; Auk, Vol. XII. No. 3, July, 1895, PP- 245-256.
^Brewster; Minot's Land & Game Birds, 2nd ed., 1895, PP- 47°' 47^- See
also Auk, O. & O. and Forest & Stream for 1890.

* Allen; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. I, No. 3, Sept., 1876, pp. 53-60.

Extinct Species 1^7

hundred years ago. It became very rare in the early part of the
nineteenth century, being practically extirpated in the '30's. A
few lingered however in the wilder districts about Mounts Tom
and Holyoke, and the last specimen actually known to have been
captured in the State was shot on Mount Tom in the winter of
i85o-'5i. It has also been reported as seen on Mount Holyoke
as late as 1863, when one was said to have been flushed by a hunt-
ing party. -^ Baird, Brewer and Ridgway record it as having been
shot at Montague and in other towns in Franklin County " within a
few years," i. e. prior to 1874.

2. Grus americana (Linn.). Whooping Crane. — This

species occurred without doubt at the time of the settlement of
the State, Emmons includes it in his 1833 list as a " rare but
regular visitant."

3. Grus mexicana (Mtill.), Sandhill Crane. — This spe-
cies probably occurred with the preceding.

4. Olor buccinator (Rich.). Trumpeter Swan. — This
species is generally believed to have occurred in the State about
two hundred years ago.

EXTINCT SPECIES.*

1. Plautus impennis (Linrj.). Great Auk. — Formerly of
undoubted occurrence along our shores. Among the shell-heaps at
Ipswdch, fragments of its bones have been found. Gosnold alludes
to its presence on Cape Cod at the time of his explorations in 1602,
and an old gunner, residing at Chelsea Beach assured Audubon
that he " well remembered the time when the Penguins were
plentiful about Nahant, and some other islands in the bay."

2. Camptolaemus labradorius (Gmel.). Labrador Duck.
— Formerly a not uncommon winter visitant, but very rare during

1 Pierce; Forest & wStream, Vol. XXXIII, p. 46.

* Allen ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vol. I, No. 3, Sept., 1876, pp. 53-60.

134 * Birds of Massachusetts

the early part of the 19th century as attested by Peabody (1839),
Audubon (1842) and Putnam (1856). The recorded specimens
from the State are : Vineyard Islands^ a pair taken by Daniel Web-
ster was sent by him to Audubon/ and is now preserved in the
U. S. National Museum. Ipswich^ two males were killed in No-
vember, 1854, by Nicholas Pike at the mouth of the Ipswich River.
One of these "birds is now in the collection of- the Long Island
Historical Society of Brooklyn, New York.^ Bosto7i Harbour, a
young male was taken with a lot of Eiders by a gunner in 1850, and
given to Theodore Lyman. He presented it to the Boston Soci-
ety of Natural History, in whose mounted collection the specimen
now is; 3 Swampscott, a female was shot early in September, 1862,
by Arthur Thomas.'* This bird is now in the Cory Collection.

INTRODUCED SPECIES.

1. Lagopus lagopus (Linn.). Willow Ptarmigan. — One
was taken in Manchester on May 10, 1859.^ It was supposed to
have been brought from Labrador or Newfoundland on a vessel.
However as the specimen is not of the subspecies aUenixX. could not
have been a native of Newfoundland and so must have been
secured elsewhere, probably in Labrador. The specimen is now
preserved in the Essex Institute collection at Salem.

2. Tympanuchus americanus (Reich.). Prairie Hen. —
This bird was introduced into Barnstable and Berkshire Counties
in the '8o's and also on Naushon Island. These last have been
exterminated. In 1893 a few were introduced at Springfield,
but they soon disappeared.

' Audubon; Birds of America, Vol. VI, p. 329.

^ Dutcher,y?a!V Pike; Auk, Vol. VIII, No. 2, Apr., 1890, pp. 205, 206.

3 Hyatt; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, 1884, read May 2, 1883,

P- 350-

'^ Butcher; Auk, Vol. XI, No. i, Jan., 1894, pp. 7, 8.
^Coues; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. V, 1868, p. 289.

Introduced Species

135

3. Pedioecetes phasianellus (Linn.). Sharp-tailed
Grouse. — Mr. Newton Dexter records one shot at Westport
about May 17, 1892, where a small number were introduced.^

4. Pedicecetes phasianellus campestris Ridgw. Prairie
Sharp-tailed Grouse. — Twenty were liberated in January, 1892,
near Springfield. This experiment at introduction proved a
failure.

5. Coturnix coturnix (Linn.). European Quail. — In the
'70's and '8o's numbers of these birds were liberated at various
localities in the State, '-^ but as far as we know, they have now be-
come exterminated.

6. Phasianus torquatus Gmel. Ring-necked Pheasant.
— This species has been liberated on Cape Cod where it has
gained a permanent foothold, and others have been set free at
various localities in the State. This is the species that is general-
ly introduced here, and is often erroneously called the Mongolian
Pheasant.

7. Lophortyx gambeli (Gambel). Gambel's Partridge. —
A number were liberated by the State Fish and Game Commission
in Berkshire and Bristol Counties 3 in 1893, also at Winch en don
in i89i,*andon Martha's Vineyard in 1890. These last were
exterminated in two years.

8. Starnoenas cyanocephala (Linn.). Blue-headed
Pigeon.— One was taken October 10, 1870, at Brookline. It was
doubtless an escaped cage bird, and is now preserved in the
mounted collection of the Boston Society of Natural History.

9. Chenalopex aegyptiaca (Linn.). Egyptian Goose. —
These birds have been introduced into the State at various times.

> Dexter; Forest & Stream, Vol. XXXVIII, p. 517.

^ See Forest & Stream, June 28, Aug. 2, 9, 23, Sept. 6, Nov. 15, 29, Dec. 6,
27, 1877.

3 Forest & Stream ; Vol. XXXIX, p. 294.

4 Editor; O. & O., Vol. XVI, No. 10, Oct., 1891, p. 158.

I '2 6 Birds of Massachusetts

One was taken, Mr, C. J. Maynard writes us, by a Mr. Worley, a
taxidermist, on the Charles River, near Weston. Mr. Maynard is
quite sure, however, that the bird escaped from a Mr. Bush. We
have heard indirectly of other records for the State, but we
believe they are all of escaped tame birds.

10. Sturnus vulgaris (Linn.). Starling.

One hundred were liberated in the spring of 1897 in Forest
Park at Springiield. but eventually they all disappeared.^

11. Passerina ciris (Linn.). Painted Bunting. — This
species has thrice been observed in the State, viz. : Brookline^ a
male was noted June 5, 1896,^ by Mr. H. V. Greenough ; ArHng-
toft^ a male was seen July 22, 1894, at Mystic Pond, by Dr. W.
Faxon ; 3 Cape Cod, where one was seen by Mr. G. S. Miller, Jr., a
number of years ago.* It seems probable that these specimens
were escaped cage birds rather than actual stragglers from the south.

12. Carduelis carduelis (Linn.): European Goldfinch. —
Since the early '8o's it has been observed occasionally in Massa-
chusetts, at Arlington, Cambridge, Brookline, Falmouth and Wal-
tham. It has also been reported breeding at Northville, near
Worcester, in July, 1890.^

13. Passer domesticus (Linn.). English Sparrow. — An
abundant resident throughout the State especially about the cities,
towns and villages. It was first introduced into Massachusetts
in 1868, when birds were liberated at Boston.

14. Serinus [Crythagra] butracea (Swains.). Yellow
Finch. — One was shot, early in February, 1879, at South Scitu-
ate, by Mr. William S. Borland.^ At the time, Mr. Borland writes
us, it was feeding with a flock of Redpolls.

1 Morris; Birds of Springfield, 1 901, p. 43.

2 Howe ; Auk, VoL XIII, No. 2, Apr., 1896, p. 261.
^ Faxon ; in verbis.

'' Miller; in litteris.

^Reed; O. & O., Vol. XV, No. 8, Aug., 1890, p. 19.

^ Brewer ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX, 1879, P- 271.

Species Erroneously Recorded I ■2'?

15. Serinus serinus (Linn.). Serin Finch. — One was
taken near Springfield in November, 1866.^ It was probably an
escaped cage bird.

SPECIES ERRONEOUSLY RECORDED.

1. Podilymbus cristatus Linn. Crested Grebe. — An
Old World species mentioned by several of the earlier writers,
doubtless through misconception of its actual range.

2. Procellaria pelagica Linn. Stormy Petrel. — This
pelagic species was included by the earlier writers, but it has not?
been positively known to occur in the State.

3. PufiFxnus cinereus (Gmel.). Black-tailed Shearwater.
— A Pacific species, included in Putnam's Essex County List,,
1856, doubtless through a mistake in identity.^

4. Mergus albellus (Linn.). Smew. — E. A. Samuels says
that this bird is very rare in the autumn.* There is however, no-
reason as yet to suppose that the species occurs here.

5. Phalacrocorax graculus (Linn.). Green Cormorant. —
This species is included in Peabody's List,* but his remarks prob-
ably refer to the Common Cormorant {P. carbo) and not to this
European species.'*

6. Buteo borealis [Falco] harlani (Aud.). Harlan's
Hawk. — Included in Peabody's 1839 list on Nuttall's authority.
There is however no reason for supposing that it occurs here.^

7. Buteo cooperi Cass. Cooper's Red-tailed Hawk. —
A bird supposed to be of this species was taken near Cambridge,

1 Allen ; Amer. Nat,, Vol. Ill, No. 12, Feb., 1870, p. 635, p. y] of separate.
^ Putnam; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. I, 1856, p. 222.
^Samuels; Birds of Mass., 1864, p. 13.
^ Peabody ; Birds of Mass., 1839, p. 397.
^ Peabody; Birds of Mass., 1839, p. 269.

I 28 Birds of Massachusetts

November 17, 1866, by Mr. William Brewster; but it later proved
to be a young B. lineatiis of unusually light coloring.^

8. Falco richardsoni \==. aesalon] Ridgw. Richardson's
Merlin, — Included in Peabody's list on Nuttall's authority; the
Pigeon Hawk {F. columbarms) is probably the bird referred to.^

9. Argytria, maculata Cab. & Heine. Linnaeus' Emerald.
— In August, 1865, Mr. William Brewster took a Hummingbird at
Cambridge, 3 and sent it to Geo. O. Welch of Lynn to be prepared
for the cabinet, and later, after examining the specimen returned
to him, it was found to be this South American species. It is
probable that through some mistake, a different bird was returned
to Mr. Brewster from that which he sent to the taxidermist.

10. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird. Red-naped Sap-
sucker. — A specimen supposed to be of this race was taken at
Cambridge,* but its peculiar coloration was undoubtedly due to
individual variation.

11. Dryobates villosus leucomelas (Bodd.). Northern
Hairy Woodpecker. — Chadbourne includes this species in his
Williamstown list,^ but it is not now admitted as a Massachusetts
bird.

12. Vireo atricapillus Woodh. Black-capped Vireo. — The
record of a specimen taken at Lanesboro on September 8, [1S91]
by Mr. R. T. Fisher was undoubtedly an error.^

13. Helinaea [Helmitherus] swainsonii Aud. Swain-
son's Warbler. — Audubon by a singular lapsus, gives this as a

1 Allen ; Amer, Nat., Vol. Ill, No, 10, Dec, 1869, p. 518, p. i^' of sepa-
rate, and Baird, Brewer & Ridgway ; Land Birds, Vol. Ill, 1874, p. 296.

^ Peabody ; Birds of Mass., 1839, p. 270.

3 Allen ; Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No, 12, Feb., 1870, p. 645, pp. 46, 47 of sepa-
rate.

"Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol, XVII, 1875, p, 443.

^Chadbourne ; Williamstown List, 18 158, p, 358,

^Fisher; O. & O., Vol. XVI, No. 10, Oct., 1891, p. 15S.

Apocryphal Species ^39

Massachusetts bird,^ on the authority of Brewer, who later corrects
the statement.^

14. Quiscalus major Vieill. Boat-tailed Grackle. —
E. A. Samuels said that a pair bred at Cambridge in i86i,3 but
doubtless the birds were Q. q. ceneus.

15. Sturnella magna neglecta (Aud.). Western Meadow-
lark. — A bird asserted to be of this species was seen for four
days by Bradford Alexander Scudder at Taunton. It was identi-
fied only by song, and was said to be larger than S. magna^ while
the western bird is smaller. It is very doubtful if the record
should be allowed to stand.*

16. Peucsea aestivalis bachmanii (Aud.). Bachman's
Finch. — Recorded from Berlin, Mass., by Dr. T. M. Brewer,
and later corrected by him, the bird having been found to be
Ammod?'amus henslowii^

17. Ammodramus [Centronyx] bairdii (Aud.). Baird's
Sparrow. — The first specimens of the Ipswich Sparrow {Fasser-
cuhis princeps) were referred to this species before their true
identity was discovered.^

APOCRYPHAL SPECIES.

I. Picus phillipsii Aud. Phillips' Woodpecker. — Known
only from an adult male procured by Nuttall in the State, and
figured and described by Audubon.'

1 Audubon ; Birds of Amer,, Vol. II, 1841, pp. 84, 85.

=^ Brewer; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XVI, 1875, P- 45^ P- 4 of
separate.

^ Allen ; Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, 1864, P- 85.

* Scudder; Auk, Vol. XV, No. 3, Oct., 1898, p. 333.

^ Brewer ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. VIII, 1859, pp. 21 and 74.

* Allen; Amer. Nat., Vol. VII, No. 12, Feb., 1870, pp. 630-632, pp. 32-34
of separate.

■'Audubon; Birds of Amer., Vol. IV, 1842, p. 238.

140

Birds of Massachusetts

2. Muscicapa minuta Wils. Small-headed Flycatcher. —
The specimens referred to this supposed species by the early
writers were doubtless the Least Flycatcher {Empidonax mini-
mus) .

RECAPITULATION.

Authentic Birds of the State .

Species . ... . .

Subspecies . . .
Species noted, but not enumerated for various
Extirpated Species .....
Extinct Species .....
Introduced Species ....

Species Erroneously Recorded
Apocryphal Species ....

Dr. J. A. Allen's 1886 List gave as fully authenticated birds of
the State, three hundred and forty species. Of those we have
dropped ten for various reasons explained in the text, and have
added thirty-two species.

.

. 362

.

320

.

42

reasons

14

.

4

.

2

.

15

.

17

.

2

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Consisting only of faunal lists exclusively on Massachusetts
birds.

1833: Emmons, Ebenezer. A Catalogue of the Animals and Plants in
Massachusetts. II. Birds. By Ebenezer Emmons, M. D., Pro-
fessor of Natural History in Williams College. Hitchcock's
Report Geol., Mineral., Bot., and Z06I. of Mass. Amherst, pp.
454-551. Annotations on one hundred and fifty-nine species.
Second ed., Amherst, pp. 528-534, 1835. Atmotations on one
hundred and forty-four species. Also separate, Amherst, 1835,
pp. 1-142, Birds, pp. 8-14.

1834 : Emmons, Ebenezer. Observations on the time of appearance of
the Spring Birds in Williamstown, Mass., in the years 1831, 1832,
and 1833. Amer. Journ. of Sci., Vol. XXVI, p. 208. Observations
on twenty-three species.

1837 : Brewer, Thomas M. Some additions to the Catalogue of the Birds
of Massachusetts in Prof. Hitchcock's Report, etc. Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist., Vol. I, Art. XX, pp. 435-439. Read Dec. 7, 1836.
Annotations on thirty four species.

1839 : Peabody, William B. O. A Report on the Ornithology of Massa-
chusetts. Boston, pp. 255-404. Full annotations on two hundred
and eighty-six species.

1841: Peabody, William B. O. A Report on the Birds of Massachusetts
made to the legislature in the season of i838-'39. Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist., Vol. Ill, Nos. 1-2, Jan., 1840, Art. 2, pp. 65-266. Same as
last, with new introduction.

1846 : Holder, J. B. Catalogue of Birds noticed in the vicinity of Lynn,
during the years of i844-'5-'6. Pub. Lynn Nat. Hist. Soc, No. I,
Dec, pp. 1-8. A nominal list of one hundred and eighty fit>e spe-
cies. Second ed., [Nov., 1885] pp. 1-8. "yl literal reprint of the
original . . . . with a few typographical errors .... corrected.''''

1856 : Putnam, F. W. Catalogue of the Birds of Essex County, Massa-
chusetts, etc. Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. I, pp. 201-225, Appendix to
list, pp. 225-231, also Errata and Corrigenda. A slightly annotated
list of two hundred and ninety-three species.

1858: Chadbourne, P. A. Natural History Cafalogue for Williamstown,
Mass. Williams Qiiarterly, Vol. V, No. 4, pp. 342-358. Williams-
town. A nominal list of one hundred and twenty-three species,
without annotations, pp. 357, 358. Three species are queried, three
etitered erroneously.

142 Birds of Massachusetts

1864 • Samuels, E. A. Ornithology of Massachusetts. List of species
Eleventh Ann. Report Sec. Mass. Board Agric, 1863. Appendix,
Pt. I, pp. xviii-xxix An annotated list of two hundred and
sixty-seven species. Also issued in separate form ; Boston, pp. 1-14.

1864: Allen, J. A. Catalogue of the Birds found at Springfield, Mass.,
with Notes on their Migrations, Habits, etc. ; together with a List
of those Birds found in the State not jet observed at Springfield.
Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. IV, No. 11, Apr., May, June, pp. 48-80, No.
Ill, July-Aug., Sept., pp. 81-98. Communicated May 2, 1864. A
fully anfiotated list of one hundred and ninety-five species., with
an atinotated list of one hundred and one others., kjioxvn to the
State.

1869-1870: Allen, J. A. Notes on Some of the Rarer Birds of Massa-
chusetts. Amer. Nat., Vol. Ill, No. 10, Dec, 1869, pp. 505-519,
No. II, Jan., 1870, pp. 568-585, No. 12, Feb., 1870, pp. 631-648.
Issued also in separate form 1870, pp. 1-49. Notes on ninety species.

1870: Maynard, C J. The Naturalist's Guide, etc., with a complete cata-
logue of the Birds of Eastern Massachusetts. Boston. List
covers pp. 81-170. Annotations on two hundred and tii}iety-nine
species. Later editions have colored frontispiece, and colored
plate of Passerculus pri7iceps ; and Cejitrofiyx bairdii of the first
edition is corrected to Passerculus princeps. The latest editions
omit the catalogue of Mass. Birds.

1878: Allen, J. A. A List of the Birds of Massachusetts, with Annota-
tions. Bull. Essex Inst., Vol. X, pp. 1-37. An annotated list of
three hundred and sixteen species, one extirpated., twenty-four of
probable occurrence, three doubtful, and six introduced species,
with one added in addendum.

1882: Chadbourne, Arthur P. The Rarer Birds of Massachusetts.
Qviart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc, Vol. I, Nos. i, 2,3, pp. 4-5, 20-24, 30-
35. Me?ition of ninety-two species, giving" the original records of each.

1883: Stearns, W. A. Birds of Amherst. Amherst Record, June 13,
July II, 18, [2] 5, and Aug. 8. An annotated list of one hundred
and fifty-seven species.

1883: Stearns, W. A. Birds of Amherst. Bull. Mass. Nat. Hist., Vol. I,
Nos. 1-4, Apr. & July, pp. 6-23. A revised edition of his former
list with anjiotations on ofte hufidred and sixty-four species.

1884: Brewster, William. Notes on the Summer Birds of Berkshire
County, Massachusetts. Auk, Vol. I, No i, Jan., pp. 5-16. Re-
mar Jis on various species.

1884: Newcomb, R. S. Notes on the Gralhe. Forest and Stream, Vol.
XXII, No. 25, July 17, pp. 483, 484.

1886 : Allen, J. A. A Revised List of the Birds of Massachusetts. Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. I, No. 7, July, pp. 221-271, also Addi-
tions and Corrections, ibid., p. [291]. A fully annotated list op

Bibliography 1 43

three hundred and forty species^ four extirpated, nineteen enumer-
ated as of probable occurrence, one enumerated as doubtful^ and four
as introduced.

1887 : Clark, Hubert Lyman. The Birds of Amherst and Vicinity, inckid-
ing nearly the whole of Hampshire County, Mass. Amherst, pp.
1-55. An annotated list of one hundred aud seventy-seven species
separated and arranged in a very inconvenient manner.

1887: Andres, Frederic W. A list of the Birds of Bristol County,
Mass. Ornithologist and Oologist, Vol. XII, No. 9, Sept., pp. 137-
141. An annotated list of two hundred and two species. See also
additions by C. L. Phillips, ibid., No. 11, p. 192, of four additional
species ; by A. C. Bent, ibid.., No. 12, pp. 199, 200, of four additional
species; by C. H. Carpenter, Vol. XIII, No. 3, p. 48; by J. C.
Cahoon, ibid.., No. 4, p. 60; and ibid.. No. 7, p. loi, by A. C. Bent ;
and Vol. XIV, No. 2, p. 25, by J. Cahoon, adding three species in
all, making a total of two hundred and thirteen species. This list
for various reasons we are assured cannot be literally accepted.

1888: Cahoon, J. C. The Shore Birds of Cape Cod. Ornithologist and
Oologist, Vol. XIII, No. 8, Aug., pp. 121-124, continued ibid.. No.
9, Sept., pp. 129-132, continued ?^/</., No. ro, pp. 153-156, also addi-
tions ibid.., No. 12, p. 189, and ibid.., Vol. XIV, No. 9, p. 141. Anno-
tations on thirty-five species, the additio?is adding two more.

1888: Brewster, William. Notes on the Birds of Winchendon, Worcester
County, Massachusetts. Auk, Vol. V, No. 4, Oct., pp. 386-393. A
list of eighty-two birds found in the breeding season, with remarks.

1889: Faxon, Walter. On the Summer Birds of Berkshire County,
Massachusetts. Auk, Vol. VI, No. i, Jan., pp. 39-46, No. 2, Apr.,
pp. 99-107. Annotations on one hundred and fifty-six species.

1889 : Ingalls, Chas. E. Birds of Templeton and the adjoining towns.
Gardner News, Vol. XX, No. 52, June i, Gardner. An annotated
list of one hundred and fifty five species.

1891 : Colburn, Wm. and Robert O. Morris. The Birds of the Connecti-
cut Valley in Massachusetts. Springfield, pp. 1-24, An anno-
tated list of two hundred and twelve species.

1891 : Wakefield, Julius Ross. A List of the Birds of Dedham. Dedham

Hist. Register, Vol. II, Apr., pp. 70-74. Annotated list of one hun-
dred and eighty-one species. See also Notes on the Birds of Ded-
ham, ibid., Jan., pp. 1-7.

1892 : Greenwood, Ralph. Shore and Marsh Birds found at Chatham,

Mass. Sliooting and Fishing, Vol. X, No. 17, Aug. 17, pp. 6, 7.
An annotated list of thirty-seven species.

1892 : Clarke, E. H. Wild Fowl seen at Cohasset. Forest and
Stream, Vol. XXXVIII, No. i, Jan 7, p. 9.

1892: C. H. E. Notes on the Ducks of Cohasset, Mass., 1860-92. Orni-
thologist and Oologist, Vol. XVII, No. 6, June, p. 90. An anno-
tated list of twenty-five species.

144 Birds of Massachusetts

[1894] : Colburn, Wm. W. A list of the principal birds that frequent Forest
Park, and of others whose occurrence there is probable. Park
Com. Report, Springfield, for 1893. \_Not examined.']

1895 : Chapman, Frank M. Handbook of Birds of Eastern North Amer-
ica, etc. New York, pp. i-xiv, 1-421. Annotatio7is for inatiy spe-
cies for Cambridge and vicinity including the seacoast from Lynn
to Boston ; also average dates of migrations.

[1895]: Colburn, William W. Our Friends the Birds. Park Com.
Report, Springfield, for 1894. An approximate list of the birds
that frequent Forest Park as residents, regular migrants, and irreg-
ular visita7its.

1895 : Hoffmann, Ralph. Notes on the Summer Birds of Central Berkshire
County, Mass. Auk, Vol. XII, No. i, Jan., pp. 87-89. A71 anno-
tated list of twenty-seve?t species.

1895 : Faxon, C. E. Birds of Arnold Arboretum [West Roxburj, Boston]-
Garden and Forest, Vol. VIII, Julj 24, pp. 292, 293. A71 unanno-
tated list of sixty-six species.

[1896] : Colburn, Wm. W. A list similar to the one published the pre-
ceding year. Park Com. Report, Springfield, for 1895. \^Not
examifted].

1896: Ricker, Everett W. Notes on the Birds of Hull, Massachusetts.
Newtonville, pp. 1-36, pis. I-III. Afi annotated list of seventy-
seven species with two added in an appendix. A practically value-
less list.

[1897]: Colburn, Wm. W. A list similai- to the one published the two
preceding years. Park Com. Report, Springfield, for 1896. \^Not
examined.]

1897 : Morse, Albert Pitts. A History of Dover, etc. By Frank Smith.
Dover. Birds, by Albert Pitts Morse, pp. 336-348. Aft amiotated
list of one hicndred and seventy-nine species. Issued in separate
form, pp. 1-13.

1897: Morse, Albert Pitts. An annotated list of the Birds of Wellesley
and Vicinity, etc. Wellesley, pp. 1-56, pi. I. An annotated list of
two hundred atid forty-four species.

1897: Howe, Reginald Heber, Jr. Birds of Brookline. Chronicle,
Brookline. Jan., 16, 23, and 30. An annotated list of one hundred
and thirty-six species. Addition of two species, ibid., Dec. 18, 1897.
Qiiarto reprint, Jan., 1887, also revised and republished with intro-
duction in " Brookline, the History of a Favored Town," by Charles
Knovvles Bolton. Brookline, 1897, pp. 1-213, Birds, pp. 173-184.
List numbering one hundred and thirty-nine species.

[1898] : Colburn, Wm. W. and Robert O. Morris. Two hundred and three
wild birds observed in Forest Park and immediate vicinity. Park
Com. Report, Springfield, for 1897. \^Not examined.]

Bibliography 14^

[1899] : Colburn, Wm. W. and Robert O. Morris. A list similar to the
one published the preceding year. Park Com. Report, Spring-
field, for 1898. \^Not examined.^

1899: Howe, Reginald Heber, Jr. On the Birds' Highway. Boston, pp.
1-175, Appendix. Birds of Hubbardston, Massachusetts and Vicin-
ity, pp. 159-162. A71 imanytotated list of fifty-six species. See also
Chap. Vni of text.

[1900] : Colburn, Wm. and Robert O. Morris. Our Wild Birds. [A
Springfield List], Park Com. Report, Springfield, for 1899, pp. 1-79.
Bird List, pp. 39-42. A barely annotated list of tivo hundred and
three species.

1900: Faxon, Walter and Ralph Hoffmann. The Birds of Berkshire
County, Massachusetts. Coll. Berkshire Hist, and Sci. Soc, Vol.
in, Feb., pp. 109-166, Pittsfield. A fully annotated list of one hun-
dred and ninety-seven species., with remarks on introduced species,
and a list of four erroneously recorded species., and a bibliography.
Issued in separate form, pp. 1-60.

1900 : Howe, Reginald Heber, Jr. The Birds of Brookline. Chronicle,
Brookline. Mar. 10, 17,24, 31, May 19, 26, June 2. A revised list,
ivith annotations, of one hundred aud fifty four species, with an
appendix including two more, and with bibliography. Issued also
in separate form pp. [1-14]. Addition to list, ibid., Dec. i, 1900, p.
15, adding eight species.

1900 : Wright, Horace W. Birds in the Public Garden. Boston. Evening
Transcript. May 12, 18, and 26. A nominal list.

[1901] : Morris, Robert O. Our Wild Birds. A list of birds found in
Forest Park and vicinity. Park Com. Report, Springfield, for 1900,

PP- 30-33-
igoi : Morris, Robert O. The Birds of Springfield and Vicinity [includ-
ing a portion of Connecticut]. Springfield, 1900, pp. 1-54- An
annotated list of two hundred and fifty four species, with four addi-
tional of doubtful occurrence, six introduced, and one extirpated,
bibliography, index and map.

ERRATA.

Page 9, line ii, for '•'' Empidoiiax acadicus" read Empidonax vtrescens.
" lo, line 31, for " Troglodytes a'cdon" read Hylemathrous aedoti. A

change in nomenclature found to be necessary.
" 12, line 37 for '■'' A7iorthura hietnalis''^ read Troglodytes kt'emalis.
" 30, for " Near Boston " read Near Bosto7i.
" 37, after " spring " insert and.

" 58, omit annotation under '•''Merganser americanus^'' for " Ipswich."
" 60, iox '•'' Peleca7tus fuscus'''' Y^Sid Pelecafius occidentalis {l^\nv\.^.
" 70, line 20, after "of" insert "the Museum of."
" 78, for " Sherbourne " read Sherborn.
" 85, after '"83" insert quotation marks.
" 100, line 2g, iov ^'■pustVlus'" read pusi'lla.

" loi, line 19, before " Maryland Yellow-throat " insert Northern.
" 131, line 6, after "and" insert it.

line 36, for "visitants" read visitant.
" 135, line 23, for " Starnceas " read Starnceas.
" 136, line 25, for " butracea " read butyracea.

INDEX.

SCIENTIFIC NAMES.

Arabic figures refer to pages on which species numerically appear as in
the Annotated List, etc. Those in italics refer to pages where species occur in
the chapter on Faunal Areas.

AcANTHis brewsterii, 130.

hornemannii exilipes, 129.

linaria, 128.

linaria iiolbcEllii, 129.

linaria rostrata, 129.
Accipiter atricapillus, 62.

cooperi, 62.

velox, 62.
Actitis macularia, 38.
yEgialitis meloda, 10, 34.

meloda circumcincta, 34.

semipalmata, 33.

vocifera, 10, 33.

wilsonia, 33.
^x sponsa, 48.
Agelseus phoeniceus /o, 115.
Alca torda, 23.
Alia alle, 23.
Ammodramus caudacutus /o, 124.

[Centronyx] bairdii, 139.

henslowii, /o, 125.

maritimus, 9, 123.

nelsoni, 124.

nelsoni subvirgatus, 125.

savannarum passerinus /o,
125.
Ampelis cedrorum, 84.

garrulus, 84.
Anas boscas, 50.

obscura, //, 50.
Anorthura hiemalis, /.?, 91.
Anser albifrons gambeli, 49.
Anthus pennsilvanicus, 99.
Antrostomus carolinensis, 73.

vociferus, 10, 73.
Aquila chrysaetos, 64.
Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis

64.
Ardea candidissima, 9, 45.

cserulea 9, 45.

egretta, 9, 45.

herodias, 45.

Ardetta exilis, //, 47.
Arenaria interpres, 32.
Argjtria maculata, 138.
Asio accipitrinus, 67.

wilsonianus, 67.
Astragalinus tristis, 128.
Bartramia longicauda, /o, 38.
Bonasa umbellus, /o, 15.

umbellus togata, 12, 15.
Botaurus lentiginosus, 47.
Branta bernicla, 50.

canadensis, 49.

canadensis hutchinsii, 49.

leucopsis, 50.

nigricans, 50.
Bubo virginianus, 68.

virginianus subarcticus, 68.
Buteo borealis, 63.

[Falco] harlani, 137.

cooperi, 137.

lineatus, 63, 138.

platjpterus, 64.

swainsoni, 63.
Butorides virescens, //, 46.
Calamospiza melanocorvs, 117.
Calcarius lapponicus, 127.

ornatus, 126.
Calidris arenaria, 39.
Camptolaemus labradorius, 133.
Canachites canadensis, 15.
Cardinalis cardinalis, 9, 118.
Carduelis carduelis, 136.
Carpodacus purpureas, //, 131.
Catharista urubu, 9, 60.
Cathartes aura, 9, 61.
Ceophloeus pileatus abieticola, 12^

77-
Cepphus grylle, 24.

mand'ti, 24.
Certhia familiaris americana, 12^

90.
Ceryle alcyon, 72.

148

Birds of Massachusetts

Chsetura pelagica, 73.
Charadrius dominicus, 32.
Charitonetta albeola, 55.
Chaulelasmus streperus, 51.
Chen cserulescens, 48.

hyperborea, 48.

hjperborea nivalis, 48.
Chenalopex segyptiaca, 135.
Chondestes grammacus, 123.
Chordeiles virginianus, 72.
Circus hudsonius, 61.
Cistothorus palustris, /o, 91.

stellaris, /o, 91.
Clangula clangula americana, 54.

islandica, 55.
Clivicola riparia, 82.
Coccothraustes vespertinus, 132.
Coccjzus auiericanus, /o, 74.

ervthrophthalmus, 74.
Colaptes auratus luteus, 74.
Colinus virginianus 10, 15.
Colj'mbus auritus, 20.

holboellii, 20.
Compsothlvpis americana usnese,

II, 109.
Corvus americanus, 88.

corax, 87.

ossifragus, 9, 88,
Coturnix coturnix, 135.
Crjmophilus fulicarius, 43,
Crjptoglaux acadica, 12, 71.

tengmalmi richardsoni, 70.
Cyanocitta cristata, 89.
Dafila acuta, 52.
Dendroeca aestiva 10, 108,

auduboni, 107.

blackburnise, is, 105.

cserulescens, 12, 107, 108.

castanea, 106,
. coronata, /j, 107.

discolor, /o, 103.

dominica, 105.

maculosa, 13, 107.

palmarum, 104.

palmarum hypochrysea, 104.

pennsilvanicus, 11, 106.

rara, 9, 106.

striata, 105.

tigrina, 109.

vigorsii, 10, 104.

virens, //, 105.
Dolichonyx oryzivorus, //, 116.
Dryobates pubescens medianus, 76.

villosus, 12, 76.

villosus leucomelas, 138.
Ectopistes migratorius, 16.
Elanoides forficatus, 9, 65.

Empidonax acadicus, 9, 78.

llaviventris, 78,

minimus, //, 78.

ti-aillii alnorum, 11, 78.

virescens, 9, 78.
Ereunetes occidentalis, 39.

pusillus, 38, 39.
Erismatura jamaicensis, 57.
Falco columbarius, 65, 138.

peregrinus anatum, 65.

richardsoni [cesalon], 138.

rusticolus gyrfalco, 66.

rusticolus obsoletus, 66.

sparverius, 66.

tinnunculus, 66.
Fratercula arctica, 25.
Fregata aquila, 60.
Fulica americana, 19.
Fulmarus glacialis, 23.
Galeoscoptes carolinensis, //, 93.
Gallinago delicata, 42.
Gallinula galeata, 9, 19.
Gavia arctica, 21.

imber, //, 12.

lumme, 21.
Gelochelidon nilotica, 25.
Geothlypis agilis, 102.

formosa, 102.

Philadelphia, 12^ 102.

trichas brachidactyla, loi.
Grus americana, 133.

mexicana, 133.
Guiraca caerulea, 9, 117.
Haematopus palliatus, 9, 32.
Haliseetus leucocephalus, 64.
Harelda hiemalis, 55.
Harporrhynchus rufus, 11, 93.
Helinsea [Helmitherus] swainsonii

138.
Helminthophila celata, 109.

chrysoptera, 10, no.

leucobronchialis, in.

peregrina, /j, 109.

pinus, 9, III.

rubricapilla, //, /j, no.
Helmitherus vermivorus, 9, in.
Helodromas solitarius, 37.
Hesperocichla naevia, 94.
Himantopus mexicanus, 9, 34.
Hirundo erythrogastra, 83.
Histrionicus histrionicus, 55.
Horizopus virens, 79.
Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis,

Hylemathrous aedon, /o, 92.
Hylocichla alicite, 96.

alicise bicknelli, /j, 96.

Indexes

149

Hjlocichla fuscescens, //, 97.

fuscescens fuliginosa, 97.

guttata pallasii, /o, //, 12,^5.

mustelinus, /o, 98,

ustulatus swainsonii, 12, 96.
IcTERiA vireiis, 9, loi.
Icterus galbula. /o, 114.

spurius, 9, 114.
lonornis martinica, 9, 19.
JuNCO hiemalis /j, 120, 127.

shufeldti, 120.
Lagopus lagopus, 134.
Lanius borealis, 87.

ludovicianus migrans, 10, 87.
Larus argentatus, //, 29.

atricilla, //, 29.

delawarensis, 30.

glaucus, 30.

kumlieni, 30.

leucopterus, 30.

marinus, 29.

Philadelphia, 28.
Limosa fedoa, 35.

hiemastica, 35.
Lophodjtes cucullatus, 58.
Lophortjx gambeli, 135.
Loxia curvirostra minor, //, /j>, 130.

leucoptera, 130.
Macrorrhamphus griseus, 36.

griseus scolopaceus, 36.
Mareca americanus, 52.

penelope, 51.
Megalestris skua, 31.
Megascops asio, lo, 69.
Melanerpes carolinus, 9,75.

ervthrocephalus, 75.
Meleagris gallopavo, 132.
Melospiza georgiana, //, 119.

lincolnii, 119.

melodia, 120.
Merganser americanus, 58.

serrator, 58.
Mergus albellus, 137.
Merula migratoria, 95.
Micropalama himantopus, 36.
Mimus poh'glottos, 9, //, 94.
Mniotilta varia, 112.
Molothrus ater, /o, 116.
Muscicapa minuta, 140.
Myiarchus cristatus, fo, 80.
Nettion carolinense, 52.

crecca, 52.
Nomonyx dominicus, 57.
Numenius borealis, 35.
hudsonicus, 35.
longirostris, 35.
Nuttallornis borealis, //, /-?, 79.

Nyctea nyctea, 68.

Nycticorax nycticorax neevius, 46.

violaceus, 9, 46.
Nyroca affinis, 54.

americana, 53.

coUaris, 54.

marila, 54.

vallisneria, 53.
OcEANiTES oceanicus, 22.
Oceanodroma leucorrhoa, 21.
CEdemia americana, 56.

deglandi, 56.

perspicillata, 56.
Olor buccinator, 133.

columbianus, 47.
Otocorys alpestris, 81.

alpestris arenicola, 81.

alpestris praticola, 81.
Pagophila alba, 30.
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis, 67.
Parus atricapillus, //, 89.

hudsonicus ij, 89.
Passer domesticus, 136.
Passerculus princeps, 126.

sandvvichensis savanna, //,
125.
Passerella iliaca, 119.
Passerina ciris, 136.

cyanea, 10, //, 117.
Pavoncella pugnax, 38.
Pedioecetes phasianellus, 135.

phasianellus campestris, 135.
Pelagodroma marina, 22.
Pelecanus erythrorrhynchus, 60.

fuscus, 60.

occidentalis, 60.
Perisoreus canadensis, 88.
Petrochelidon lunifrons, 83.
Peuciea aestivalis bachmanii, 139.
Phalacrocorax auritus, 59.

carbo, §g.

graculus, 137.
Phalaropus lobatus, 43.
Phasianus torquatus, 135.
Philohela minor, 42.
Picoides americanus, 77.

arcticus, 77.
Picus phillipsii, 139.
Pinicola enucleator canadensis,

131-
Pipilo erythrophthalmus, /o, 113.
Piranga erythromelas, lO, 113.

ludoviciana, 113.

rubra, 112.
Plautus impennis, 133.
Plectrophenax nivalis, 127.
Plegadis autumnalis, 44.

ISO

Birds of Massachusetts

Podilymbus cristatus, 137.

podiceps, Ji, 20.
Polioptila caerulea, 9, 98,
PocEcetes gramineus, 10, 126.
Porzana Carolina, //, 18.

jamaicensis, 9, 18.

noveboracensis, 18.
Procellaria pelagica, 117.
Progne subis, 83.
Protonotaria citrea, 9, iii.
Puffinus borealis, 22.

cinereus, 137.

gravis^ 22.

puffinus, 22.
QuERquEDULA discors, 52.
Qiiiscalus major, 139.

quiscula, 113.

quiscula ieneus, 113.
Rallus elegans, 9, 17.

crepitans, 9, 17.

virginianus, //, 18.
Recurvirostra americana, 9, 34.
Regulus calendula, 98.

satrapa, 12, 99.
Rissa tridactjla, 30.
Rj^nchops nigra, 9, 28.
Rhjnchophanes mccownii, 127.
Sayornis phoebe, 10, 79.

saja, 80.
Scolecophagus carolinus, 114.
Scotiaptex cinerea, 69.
Serinus [Crythagra] butyracea, 136.

serinus, 137.
Setophaga ruticilla, 100.
Sialia sialis, /o, 94.
Simorrhynchus cristatellus, 24,

25-
Sitta canadensis, 12^ 90.

carolinensis, /o, 90.
Siurus aurocapillus, 103,

motacilla, 9, loa.

noveboracensis, 103.
Somateria dresseri, 57.

mollissima borealis, 57.

spectabilis, 57.
Spatula clypeata, 53.
Speotyto cunicularia hypogsea, 71.
Sphyrapicus varius, 12, 75.

varius nuchalis, 138.
Spinus pinus, /j, 128.
Spiza americana, 9, 117.
Spizella breweri, 121.

monticola, 121.

pusilla, /o, 121.

socialis, /o, 121.
Squatarola squatarola, 32.
Starnsenas cyanocephala, 135.

Steganopus tricolor, 43.
Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 9, 82.
Stercorarius longicaudus, 31.

parasiticus, 31.

pomarinus, 31.
Sterna antillarum, //, 18.

dougalli, II, 27.

forsteri, 26.

fuliginosa, 27.

hirundo, 26.

maxima, 9, 27.

paradisiea, 27.

sandvicensis acuflavida, 27.

caspia, 25.
Strix pratincola, 9, 72.
Sturnella magna, /o, 115.

magna neglecta, 139.
Sturnus vulgaris, 136,
Sula bassana, 59.
Sula sula, 59.

Surnia ulula caparoch, 71.
Sjaiiphemia semipalmata, 36.
Syrnium nebulosum, 69.
Tachycineta bicolor, //, 82.
Tantalus loculator, 44.
Thryothorus ludovicianus, 9, 92.
Totanus flavipes, 37.

melanoleucas, 37.
Tringa alpina, 41.

alpina pacifica, 41.

bairdii, 40.

canutus, 41.

ferruginea, 41;

fuscicollis, 40.

maculata, 40.

maritima, 40.

minutilla, 39.
Trochilus colubris, 73.
Tryngites subruficollis, 39.
Tympanuchus americana, 134.

cupido, /o, 15.
Tyrannus dominicus, 81.

tyi'^nnus, /o, 80.
Uria lomvia, 15, 23, 24.

troile, 23, 24.
Vireo atricapillus, 138.

flavifrons, /o, 85.

gilvus, 86.

noveboracensis, 9, 85.

olivaceus. 86.

philadelphicus, 86.

solitarius, //, 12, 85.
Wilsonia canadensis, 12, 100.

mitrata, 9, loi.

pusilla, 100.
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus,
116.

Indbxes

151

Xema sabinii, 28.
Zamelodia ludoviciana, //.
Zenaidura macrura, //, 16, 118.

Zonotrichia albicolHs, /j, 122.
leucophrys, 122.

VERNACULAR NAMES.

Auk, Great, 133.

Little, 23.

Razor-billed, 23.
Auklet, Crested, 24.
Avocet, American, 9, 34.
Bird, Frigate, 60.
Bittern, American, 47.

Least, /o, 47.
Blackbird, Red-winged, /o, 115.

Yellow-headed, 116.
Bluebird, /o, 94.
Bobolink, //, 116.
Bob-white, /o, 15.
Boobv, 59.
Brant, 50.

Black, 5c.
Bunting, Black-throated, 9, 117.

Lark, 117.

Painted, 136.

Snow, 127.
Cardinal, 9.
Catbird, /o, 93.
Chat, Yellow-breasted, 9, loi.
Chickadee, //, 89.

Hudsonian, /j, 89.
Chuck-will's-widow, 73.
Coot, American, 19.
Cormorant, Common, 59.

Double-crested, 59.

Green, 137.
Cowbird, 10, 1 16.
Crane, Sandhill, 133.

Whooping, 133.
Creeper, Brown, 12, 90.
Crossbill, American Red, //, 13,
130.

White-winged, 130,
Crow, American, 88.

Fish, 9, 88.
Cuckoo, Black-billed, 74.

Yellow-billed,' 10, 74.
Curlew, Eskimo, 35.

Hudsonian, 35.

Long-billed, 35.
Dove, Mourning, /o, 16.

Dowitcher, 36.

Long-billed, 36.
Duck, American Golden-eve, 54.

American Scaup, 54.

Barrow's Golden-eye, 55.

Black, //, 50.

Buftle-head, 55.

Canvas-back, 53.

Harlequin, 55.

Labrador, 133.

Lesser Scaup, 54.

Long-tailed, 55.

Mallard, 50.

Masked, 57.

Pintail, 52.

Red-headed, 53.

Ring-necked, 54.

Ruddy, 57.

Shoveller, 53.

Wood, 48.
Dunlin, European, 41.
Eagi.e, Bald, 64.

Golden, 64.
Egret, American, 9, 45.
Eider, American, 57.

King, 57.

Northern, 57.
Emerald, Linnieus', 138.
Finch, Bachman's, 139.

Lark, 123.

Lincoln's, 119.

Pine, 128.

Purple, //, 131.

Yellow, 136.

Serin, 137.
Flicker, Northern, 74.
Flycatcher, Alder, //, 78.

Crested, /o, 80.

Green-crested, 9, 78.

Least, //, 78.

Olive-sided, //, 12^ 79.

Small-headed, 140.

Yellow-bellied, 78.
Frigate Bird. 60.
Fulmar, 23.

152

Birds of Massachusetts

Gadwall, 5 1 .

Gallinule, f'lorida, 9, //, 19.

Purple, 9, 19.
Gannet, 59.

Gnatcatcher, Blufe-graj, 9, 98.
Godwit, Hudsonian, 35.

Marbled, 35.
Goldfinch, American, 128.

European, 136.
Goose, American White-fronted, 49,

Barnacle, 50.

Blue, 48.

Canada, 49.

Egyptian, 135.

Greater Snow, 48.

Hutchins', 49.

Lesser Snow, 48.
Goshawk, American, 61.
Grackle, Boat-tailed, 139.

Bronzed, 113.

Purple, 113.

Rusty, 114.
Grebe, Crested, 137.

Holboell's, 20.

Horned, 20.

Pied-billed, 11, 20.
Grosbeak, Canadian Pine, 131.

Cardinal, 9, 118.

Evening, 132.

Rose-breasted, //, 118.

Blue, 9, 117.
Grouse, Canada, 15.

Canadian Ruffed, 12, 15.

Prairie Sharp-tailed, 135.

Ruffed, 10, 15.

Sharp-tailed, 135.
Guillemot, Black, 54.

Maiidt's 24.
Gull, Black-backed, 29.

Bonaparte's, 28.

Glaucous, 30.

Herring, //, 29.

Iceland, 30.

Ivory, 30.

Kittiwake, 30.

Kumlien's, 30.

Laughing, /o, 29.

Ring-billed, 30.

Sabine's, 28.
Gyrfalcon, 66.

Black, 66.
Hawk, American Rough-legged, 64.

American Sparrow, 66.

Broad-winged, 64.

Cooper's, 61.

Cooper's Red-tailed, 137.

Duck, 6:;.

Hawk, Harlan's, 137.
Marsh, 61.

Night, 72.

Pigeon, 65.

Red-shouldered, 63.

Red-tailed, 63.

Sharp-shinned, 61.

Swainson's, 63.
Hen, Heath, /o, 15.

Prairie, 134.
Heron, Black-crowned Night, 46.

Great Blue, 45.

Green, /o, 46.

Little Blue, 9, 45.

Snowy, 9, 45.

Yellow-crowned Night, 9, 46.
Hummingbird, Ruby-throated, 73.
Ibis, Glossy, 44.

Wood, 44.
Indigo-bird, /o, //, 117.
Jaeger. Long-tailed, 31.

Parasitic, 31.

Pomarine, 31.
Jay, Blue, 89.

Canada, 88.
Junco, Slate-colored, 13.
Kestrel, 66.

Killdeer, /o, 33.
Kingbii'd, /o, 80.

Gray, 81.
Kingfisher, Belted, 72.
Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 12, 99.

Ruby-crowned, 98.
Kite, Swallow-tailed, 9, 65.
Knot, 41.
Lark, Prairie Horned, Si,

Shore, Si.
Linnet, Brewster's, 128.
Longspur, Chestnut-collared, 126.

Lapland, 127.

McCown's, 127.
Loon, 21.

Red-throated, 21.

Black-throated, 21.
Martin, Purple, S3.
Meadowlark, /o, 115.

Western, 139.
Merganser, American, 58.

Hooded, 58.

Red-breasted, 58.
Merlin, Richardson's, 138.
Mockingbird, 9, //, 94.
Murre, 23.

Briinnich's, 24.
Nuthatch, Canada, 12, 90.

White-breasted, /o, 90.
Oriole, Baltimore, 70, 114.

Indexes

-^53

Oriole, Orchard, g, 114.
Osprej, American, 67.
Oven-bird, 103.
Owl, Acadian, 12, 71.

American Barn, 9, 72.

American Hawk, 71.

American Long-eared, 67.

Barred, 69.

Burrowing, 71.

Great Gray, 69.

Great Horned, 68.

Richardson's, 70.

Screech, 10, 69.

Short-eared, 67.

Snowy, 68.

Western Horned Owl, 68.
Oystercatcher, American, 9, 32.

ARTRiDGE, Gambel's, 135.
Peewee, Wood, 79.
Pelican, Brown, 60.

White, 60.
Petrel, Leach's, 21.

Stormy, 137.

White-faced, 22.

Wilson's, 22.
Phalarope, Northern, 43.

Red, 43.

Wilson's, 43.
Pheasant, Mongolian, 135.

Ring-necked, 135.
Phoebe, 10, 79.

Say's, 80.
Pigeon, Blue-headed, 135.

Passenger, 16.
Pipit, American, 99.
Plover, American Golden, 32,

Belted Piping, 34.

Black-bellied, 32.

Killdeer, 10, 33,

Piping, 10, 34.

Semipalmated, 33.

Wilson's, 33.
Ptarmigan, Willow, 134.
Puffin, 25.

Quail, European, 135.
Rail, Black, 9, 18.

Carolina, //, 18.

Clapper, 9, 17.

King, 9, 17.

Virginia, //, 18.

Yellow, 18.
Raven, 87.
Redpoll, 129.

Greater, 129.
Hoarv, 129.
Holboll's, 129.

Redstart, American, 95.
Robin, American, 95.
Ruft, 38.
Sanderling, 39.
Sandpiper, Baird's^ ^o.

Bartramian, jo, 38.

Butt-breasted, 39.

Curlew, 41.

Least, 39.

Pectoral, 40.

Purple, 40.

Red-backed, 41.

Semipalmated, 38.

Solitary, 37.

Spotted, 38.

Stilt, 36.

Western, 39.

White-rumped, 40.
Sapsucker, Red-naped, 138.

Yellow-bellied, 12, 75.
Scoter, American, 56.

Surf, 56.

White-winged, 56.
Shearwater, Black-tailed, 137.

Cory's, 22.

Greater, 22.

Manx, 22.

Sooty, 23,
Shrike, Great Northern, 87.

Migrant, 10, 87.
Skimmer, Black, 9, 28.
Skua, 31.
Smew, 137.
Snipe, Wilson's, 42.
Snowbird, Shufeldt's, 120.

Slate-colored, 120.
Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed, 12.

Baird's, 139.

Brewer's, 121.

Chipping, /<7, 121.

English, 136.

Field, 10, 121.

Fox, 119.

Grasshopper, 10, 125.

Henslow's, 10, 125.

Ipswich, 126,

Nelson's, 124.

Savannia, //, 125.

Seaside, 9, 123.

Shai p-tailed, /o, 124.

Song, 120.

Swamp, //, 119.

Tree, 121.

Vesper, /o, 126.

White-crowned, 122.

White-throated, /j, 122.

154

Birds of Massachusetts

Starling, 136.

Stilt, Black-necked, 9, 34.

Swan, Whistling, 47.

Trumpeter, 133.
Swallow, Bank, 82.

Barn, 83,

Eave, 83.

Rough-winged, 9, 82.

White-bellied, //, 82.
Swift, Chimney, 73.
Tanager, Scarlet, /o, 113.

Summer, 9, 112.

Western, 113.
Teal, Blue-winged, 52.

European, 52.

Green-winged, 52.
Tern, Arctic, 27.

Black, 25.

Cabot's, 27.

Caspian, 25.

Common, 26.

Forster's, 26.

Gull-billed, 25.

Least, 10, 28.

Roseate, 10, 27.

Rojal, 9, 27.

Sooty, 27.
Thrasher, Brown, 10, 93.
Thrush, Bicknell's, 13, 96.

Grey-cheeked, 96.

Hermit, 10, 11, 12, 95.

Large-billed Water, 9, 102.

Newfoundland, 97.

Olive-backed, 12, 96.

Varied, 94.

Water, 103.

Wilson's, //, 97.

Wood, /o, 98.
Towhee, /o, 118.
Turkey, Wild, 132.
Turnstone, 32.
ViREO, Black-capped, 138.

Blue-headed, //, 12, 85.

Philadelphia, 86.

Red-eyed, 86.

Solitary, //, 12, 815.

Warbling, 86.

White-eyed, 9, 85.

Yellow-throated, /o, 85.
Vulture, Black, 9, 60.

Turkey, 9, 61.
Warbler, Audubon's, 107.

Bay -breasted, 106.

Black and White, 112.

Black and Yellow, /J, 107.

Blackburnian, 13, 105.

Black-poll, 105.

Warbler, Black -throated Blue, 12^
108.

Black-throated Green, //, 105.

Blue-winged, 9, iii.

Brewster's, 1 11.

Canadian, /.?, 100.

Cape May, 109.

Cerulean, 9, 106.

Chestnut-sided, //, 106.

Connecticut, 102.

Golden-winged, 10, no.

Hooded, 9, loi.

Kentucky, 102.

Mourning, J2^ 102.

Nashville, //, /j, no.

Northern Parula, //, 109.

Orange-crowned, 109.

Palm, 104.

Pine-creeping, /o, 104.

Prairie, /o, 103.

Prothonotary, 9, in.

Swainson's, 138.

Tennessee, /j, 109.

Wilson's, 100.

Worm-eating, 9, in.

Yellow, /o, 108.

Yellow Palm, 104.

Yellow-rumped, 13, 107.

Yellow-throated, 185.
Waxwing, Bohemian, 84.

Cedar, 8^.
Whip-poor-will, 10, 73.
Widgeon, American, 52.

European, tji.
W^illet, 36.

Woodcock, American, 42.
Woodpecker, American Three-loed

77-

Arctic Three-toed, 77.

Northern Downy, 76.

Golden-winged, 74.

Hairj^ 12, 76.

Northern Hairy, 138.

Northern Pileated, 12^ 77.

Phillips', 139.

Red-bellied, 9, 75.

Red-headed. 75.

Yellow-bellied, 12, 75.
Wren, Carolina, 9, 92.

House, /o, 92.

Long-billed Marsh, 10. 91.

Short-billed Marsh, /o, 91.

Winter, /^, 91.
Yellow-legs, Greater, 37. .

Lesser, 37.
Yellow-throat, Northern Maryland,

lOI.

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LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS

Book Slip-70OT-9,'65(F7151s4)458

N2 457122

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Howe, R.H.

M3

The birds of

H8

Massachusetts.

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

DAVIS