THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Biology Library BEQUEST OF Theodore S. Palmer ^J f^L^AJLjf^ 7, ' O, BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA BY W. L. MCATEE September, 1905 BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA BY W. L. MCATEE L— - FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1904 September, 1905 m i kji*ut+<\ 65 ECOLOGICAL NOTHS ON THE BIRDS OCCURRING WITHIN A RADIUS OF FIVE MILES OF THE INDIANA UNIVERSITY CAMPUS.* BY WALDO LEE MCATEE. With Photographic Illustrations by CLARENCE GUY LITTELL. At various times since 1883 students of Indiana University interested in birds have kept records of the migrations, breeding habits, etc., of the birds within a radius of several miles of Bloomington. Twenty sets of migration records, covering fourteen seasons, are on file in the archives of the Biological Survey at AVashington, D. C. Three lists of birds have been prepared by former students. W. S. Blatchley in 1880 recorded the "Winter Birds of the Vicinity of Bloomington, Indiana," in the Hoosier Naturalist I, pp. 169-171. B. W. Evermami published a list of "Birds of Monroe County, Indi- ana," in the Hoosier Naturalist II, pp. 137-145 and 164. He enumerates 179 species. C. H. Bollman listed 192 species in an unpublished paper on file in the Biological Survey. "The Hoosier Naturalist," in which Evermann's and Blatchley's lists were published has long been extinct and the two papers are not ac- cessible. Some of the above lists and part of the migration records were used by Amos W. Butler in his "Birds of Indiana" published in the 22d Annual Report of the Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indianap- olis, 1897. Pertinent facts contained in the above sources have been brought together in the present paper. They have been confirmed or supple- mented by the author's observations extending through the last four years. While the material presented is chiefly of local interest it contains additions to our knowledge of the birds of Indiana and the more general subject of bird migration. Wherever possible, the authority for any state- '•'Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of Indiana University, under the direc- tion of C. II. Eigenmann. No. 60. 5— A. OK SCIENCE, '04. 546 66 ment is indicated. When no authority is given the author is responsible for the data. The following is a list of observers most quoted. Their initials are used to indicate their authority. V. H. Barnett. W. S. Blatchley. C. H. Bollman. C. H. Eigenniann. B. W. E'vermann. W. L. Halm. P. J. Hartman. C. H. Kennedy. E. M. Kindle. C. G. Littell. W. L. McAtee. N. B. Myers. A. B. Ulrey. G. G. Williamson. When other authorities are quoted their names are given in full. To make the facts contained in this paper more readily accessible to teachers and students they have been placed in tabular form and ap- pear at the end of the paper. The table and the index were prepared by C. H. Frazea and Leonard Haseman. The region over which observations have been made, embracing the territory within about live miles of Bloomiiigtou, is varied in its topogra- phy. On the east and north are many rocky ravines, some of th; :a con'a'n- ing cascades. At Bloomingion, to the south of ii and some distance t'j tlu west the surface is gently rolling anil lias typical features of the oolitic limestone area of Indiana. To the west in the Mitchell limestone area the surface is pitted with various sinkholes beneath which are caves of considerable extent. Blcomii-2;lo:i and the aiea about it are well drained by rock bound brooks running in part to the north through Rocky Branch, Griffy Creek and Bean Blossom, finally flowing into the North Fork of White River. Other brooks, the Jordan River and Clear Creek drain the southern part of Bloomington through Clear Creek into the East Fork of White River. The extreme eastern part of the area is drained into Salt Creek and thence into the East Fork of White River. The western part 67 is rich in springs and sinkholes filled with water, the general trend of the underground drainage of this area being southward. There are no large streams or other large bodies of water or swamp in the region under consideration. Two artificial ponds have been constructed in recent years, a smaller one which supplies the Monon R. R. yards with water and a largir one which is the storage reservoir of the Bloomington waterworks. The region is fairly forested, largely by second growth timber, though in some parts of the Knobstone region the primeval forests remain. The area is not well suited to aquatic birds but offers many favorable localities to terrestial migrants and residents. The total number of species recorded is two hundred and twenty-five, and includes seventy per cent, of the birds recorded from the entire State. Of this number ninety-eight nest here and thirty-nine of the breeding birds are also permanent residents. Twenty-one are winter visitants. Ninety-six are migrants and are seen during a few days in spring and fall. Six are extinct, two are included on rather doubtful evidence, and one is a hypothetic species. The last three groups are included in the supplemental list. One hundred species have been observed on or over the University Campus. Each species which has been observed on or over the campus of In- diana University is marked by an asterisk. In cases of species which are either winter or summer residents, the recorded extremes of their stay are given. In the case of transients the limits of their arrival and departure are given fcr both of the migratory ssasons. Extinct and hypothetic species are referred to a supplemental list. Tli3 numbers in brackets and the nomeclature are those of the A. O. U. check-list. I am under obligations to Prof. \V. \V. Cooke and Mr. A. W. Butler for permission to examine migration schedules. 1. [3] Colymbus cmritus Linn. Horned Grebe. Common migrant. April 11 to 24. This species is classed as a com- mon migrant wholly upon evidence obtained in the spring of 1903. It had not heretofore been recorded from the county, but circumstances lead me to believe that it has merely been overlooked. The first specimen was obtained April 11, by Mr. J. J. Batchelor and Mr. James Simonton. Three others were seen that day. The following numbers were seen at the dates given:— 7, April 12; 4, April 13; 2, April 17; 2. April 18: 2. April 10, and 2, April 24. 68 2 [6] Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.). Pied-billed Grebe. Common migrant. March o to April 29 and October 7 to November 30. May be found in nearly any sink or quarry-hole during the migratory sea- son. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. Observer C. II. B. C. II. B. G. G. W. G. G.W. First seen 4-3 4-10 3-26 Next seen 4-4 4 10 La«t seen 10-7 Abundance Common. Not common Not common Year 1899 1899 1902 1903. Observer N.B M. W. L II. W. L. M. First seen . . 4-19 3-8 Next seen . . . . •4-19 Common .... 4 27 Last seen Abundance Rare. 11-30 4-29 4-29 Common. 3. [7] Gar in, imber (Gunn.). Loon. Common migrant, April 1 to May 11. Loons may be seen on the larger ponds any morning after a stormy night in April. Before the waterworks and railroad reservoirs were made these birds were not seen. Bollman and Evermaun do not give the Loon in their lists of 1888 and 1887. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1886. 1903. Observer First seen B.W.E. 4-1 W.L.M. 4-13 K^ext seen 4-15 Common 4-15 Last seen 5-11 Abundance Common. 69 4. [GO] Larus Philadelphia (Ord). Bonaparte's Gull. Rare migrant One record April 16, 1903. A flock of one hundred "gulls" of three sizes was reported in April, 1902, by J. J. Batchelor. From his descriptions I concluded that these were either Forster's or the common Tern, and Bonaparte's and the Herring Gull. When these birds appear so far from any large body of water it is always after a period of very high winds. 5. [69] Sterna forsteri Nutt. Forster's Tern. Rare migrant. Four seen May 13, 1903. 0. [70] Sterna hirnndo Linn. Common Tern. Not common migrant (C. H. B. '86). 7. [120] PMlacrocorax dilophus (Swain). Double-crested Cormorant. Rare transient (C. H. B. '86). May 3, 1885 (C. H. B.). 8. [129] Meryanser americanus (Cass.). American Merganser. Common migrant. In 1887 B. W. Evermann classed it as not common. In late years, however, the Fish Duck has become a common spring visitor to the reservoirs. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1903. Observer . . W.L. M. 4-16 4-. 9 5-14 Last Seen . 5-14 Abundance . ... Common. 9. [131] Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.). Hooded Merganser. Common transient (C. H. B. '86). March 4, 1885 (C. H. B.). Several specimens, without dates, are in the University collection. 10. [132] Anas boschas Linn. Mallard.* Abundant migrant. February 10 to April 23. After the example of Prof. TV. W. Cooke all records simply given as "ducks" are referred to this species. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1886. 1892 19;)3 Observer B W E E M K W L M Fir.- 1 .'•een 3-1 2-10 Next ?een . . . . 3-4 3-8 Common .... 4-3 4-23 Last seen 4-°3 Abundance 11. [139] Nettion carol ineiisis (Gmel.). Green-winged Teal. Not common migrant (B. W. E'. '87). March 4 to April 17. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 183-3. 1003. Observer First seen .... Ne xt seen B. W. E. 3-4 3-5 W.L.M. 4-:o Common La,*t • een 4-17 Abundance . Not common Xot oo nun on 12. [1-12] Fpatnla clypeata (Linn.). Shoveller. Common migrant. March 20 to May 8. The first migrants are males and are seen in small numbers; later in the season the flocks are mixed, hut the females are then generally in the majority. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 18S<'.. 180(3. 1902. 1903. Obse"ver B. W. E. W.S. B. W. L. M. W.L.M. 3-^0 4-5 Common . 4-19 Lnst seen 5-8 5-8 4-13 4 21 Abundance Not common Common. 13. 143 Daflla acuta (Linn.). Pintail. Rare migrant. Feb. 26 to March 4. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1886 1902 Observer ... B W E W L M First seen 2-26 3-1 Next seen 3-1 14. [144] Aix sponsa (Linn.). Wood Duck.* Rare migrant. March 24 to May. Formerly a common summer resi- dent (C. H. B. '86), and the most common duck, often seen near the campus (B. W. E. '87). Reported breeding in 1887 (G. G. W.), and in recent years (A. W. Butler, '97). At present this duck is extremely rare; the only one reported since 1897 was seen in May, 1902 (T. J. Headlee). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885 1887 Observer ^ C H B G G W First seen 3-31 3 34 Next seen 4 1 3 26 15. [146] Ay thy a americana (Eyt.). Redhead. Although this bird is a common migrant in neighboring localities, there is but one record of its occurrence here. Four were taken March 20, 1903. 16. [147] Ayihya vqllwneria (Wils.). Canvas-back. Common migrant (C. H. B. '86). Common April 23, 1903. 17. [148] Aythya marila (Linn.). American Scaup Duck. One record. March 4, 1886 (B. W. E.). 18. [149] Ayfhya afflnis (E'yt). Lesser Scaup Duck.* Common migrant. March 9 to May 8. The Little Blue-bill is the most common duck. As is the case with the Shoveller, the first migrants are males. The females, however, are present in larger numbers than the males in the flocks seen later in the season. MIGRATION RECORD. Yefir . . . . . 1885 1836. 1902 1903 Observer C. II. B. B W. V. W. L. M W. L. M. First seen Next seen 3-30 3-27 4-5 3-9 1-5 Common 4-21 LJI^ t seen 5-8 4-19 4-96 Abundiince Common 19. [151] Clangula clangula americana (Bonap.). American Golden-eye. Rather common migrant. There are several records, but the only date at hand is March 1, 1902. 20. [153] Charitonetta albeola (Linn.). Buffle-head. Very rare migrant (B. W. E. '87). March 5, 1886 (B. W. E.). 21. [166] Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.). Surf Scoter. Rare: one seen in 1888, "a storm duck" (C. H. B.). Of very unusual occurrence away from large bodies of water in this latitude. The only other records for the State are for the year 1875. 22. [167] Erismatura jamaicCnsis (Gmel.). Ruddy Duck. Not common migrant. April 24, 1903. 23. [169.1] Chen cccrulescens (Linn.). Blue Goose. Rare migrant (C. H. B. '86). 24. [172] Brnnta canadensis (Linn.). Canada Goose.* Common migrant. February 17 to April 12. October 31 to Novem- ber 24. On two occasions, 3—2, '02 and 2—17, '03, Wild Geese were seen flying south. On both of these dates there was a sudden drop in the temperature, in the latter case to six degrees below zero. Those seen 4—12, 1903, were flying through a driving rain. A Canada Goose remained about the campus of the University for about a week ending 3—27, '02. At nights it flew m all directions over the campus from pond to pond, and its. loud calling provoked a still more vociferous dem- onstration from the watchdogs below. 7:3 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885 1885. 1900. 1902. 1902. 1903. C II B C H B -N B M W L M W L M W L M 3-11 3-3 3-2 2-1? Next seen 3-8 3-2 3-2 Last seen 11-24 10-31 •1-12 Abundance . Common. Not common Common. Common . Com inon. 25. [190] liotaurus lentigiuosus (Montag. ). American Bittern.* Rather rare migrant. April 5 to May 13, August 7 to October 22. Most often seen on the weedy margins of a pond but not rarely in the open glades of a forest, or in the pine groves where they flap heavily from treetop to treetop, making a tremendous clatter in rising and alighting. MIGRATION RECORD. Year ... . 1885. 1885. 1886. 1888 1892 Observer C. H. B. C.H.B. 8-27 B.W. E. 4-27 ft A.B. U. 4-23 Next seen 9-* 5-t Common . ... Last seen. . . 5-13 10-22 5-5 Abundance Rare. Rare. Not common Foster Hight. tE.M. K. ft Wylie ami Mitchell. 1900 1901 1902 1903 Observer. , W. L. M. W L M W L M W L M First seen ... .... 4-17 4-25 4-5 Next seen 4-29 4-21 Com mm on Last seen 5-4 4-22 Abundance. Rath'r rare 26. [191] Ardetta exilis (Gmel.). Least Bittern. Rare migrant. One was taken alive and kept in the laboratory for a week in May, 1902. It was fed small fishes, which it swallowed readily. Its appetite was amazing but was the cause of its death. A large mass of fish bones became stuck in its oesophagus and put an end to his gastronomic feats and to his career. 27. [194] Ardea herodias Linn. Great Blue Heron Rather rare migrant. March 12 to April 30. August 25. MIGRATION RECORD. Year . 1885 1886 1901. 1902 1903 Observer ... . . C. H. B. W. S. B. W.L. M. Bicknell W L M First seen 3-25 4-8 4-22 3-12 Next £ een 3-26 Common Last seen 8-25 4-30 Abundance Not common Rath'r rare 28. [196] Herodias egretta (Gmel. ). American Egret. Rare migrant, not observed since 1887. "The earliest record for Indiana is that given by Prof. Evermann from Bloomington, April 10, 1887" (A. W. Butler). Evermann also says a few were seen in August, 1886. C. H. Bollman called it a rare transient in 1886, but makes the remark that it might be added to the list of summer residents as he had taken it July 29, 1885. It has also been taken in this county by I. N. Corr and S. E. Meek. 29. [201] Butorides virescens Linn. Green Heron.* Figs. 1-5. Common summer resident. April 10 to September 22. In 1901 C. E. Edmonsbn found a colony of ten or twelve nests in a small clump of cedars near the water-works reservoir. June 3, 1901, a nest was found in a small cedar, about 50 yards from a pond. It was 25 feet high' in a dense thicket of small trees. The nest was poorly made of sticks and the eggs were visible from below. There were 5 eggs. On June 11 these were hatched, and on the 19th the young were well covered with down and were hopping around among the branches (W. L. H.). May II, 1903, a Green Heron's nest with 6 eggs was found 13 feet up in an apple tree in an orchard. Five eggs were in the lower layer, the sixth on top. There was another nest about 20 feet up in an adjoining 7o tree, which contained four eggs. The eggs in the first nest were hatched May 29 (C. G. L.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1892. 1893. Observer C.II.B. C. II. B. C. II. B. E.M. K E. M K First seen . .... 4-17 4-°4 4-22 4-17 Next scon 4-18 4-29 Common 4-28 La?t seen 9-22 A b unda nee Abundant Abundant Rare Rare Year 1899. 1POO. 1902. 1903. Observer N B M N B M C II K W L M First seen Next seen 5-16 4-17 5 2 4-23 4-10 4-14 Common 5-12 5-11 hast seen Abundance 30. [201] Gnis arncrtcana (Linn. ). Whooping Crane. "Mr. Charles Dury, of Cincinnati, O., informs me that there is a specimen in the Cnvier Club in that city that was taken near Bloom- ington, Ind." (A. W. Butler.) 31. [214] Porzana Carolina (Linn. ). Sora. Rare migrant. B. W. Evermann says it is not often saen and gives two dates— May 5, 1886, and April 15, 1887. C. H. Bollman, '86, records it as a transient. It was also seen May 8, 1900. (N. B. M.) 32 [215] Porzana novcboracensis (Gmel. ). Yellow Rail. Not common. (B. AV. E. '87.) "Prof. Everrnann met with it near Blooming-ton in August, 1885, where one specimen was taken alive in a marsh" (A. AV. Butler). 33. [219] Gallinula galeata (Licht.). Florida Gallinule. Rare migrant. Two specimens taken May 10, 1880, by H. S. Bates. 34. [221] Ful tea americana Gmel. American Coot. Rare migrant. April 12 and 26, 1903 (AA^. L. M.). and April 17, 1900 e* (Gmel. ). Yellow-legs. One record. Concerning the year 1895, which was remarkable for early arrivals of the Yellow-legs, Butler says: "The last report from southern Indiana that spring was from Bloomington, where it was noted April 2G" (Juday). 42. [256] Helodromm soliturms (Wils. ). Solitary Sandpiper. Common migrant and perhaps rare summer resident. April 23 to June 9. October 6. This bird has been reported as early as March 20, but these dates should probably be referred to some other species, perhaps Wilson's Snipe. One observer records it as a summer resident while another gives a queried affirmation. The date, June 9, is an ex- tremely late one if the Solitary Sandpiper is to be considered purely as a migrant. But it probably indicates summer residence, since in the Alaskan breeding grounds young have been found in the same month (June 23, '03, Charlie Creek, Yukon River. W. H. Osgood). A common bird during the migratory season in all muddy places. Seen as early as September 20 in fall. Will probably be found in August. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 188ii. 1887. 1892. 1899. 1900. 1903. 190S, Observer J?ir«t seen C.H.B. 5-3 G.G.W. 4-28 E. M.K. 5-7 N.B.M. 4-29 N.B M. 5-3 W.L.M. 4-93 W.L.M. Next seen Common Last seen . .... 5-5 5-7 4-30 5-16 5 4 5 12 5-12 4-30 5-3 6-9 10 6 Abundance Rare. Rare. Common 43. [261] Bartmmia lonyicauda (Bechst. ). Bartrainian Sandpiper. Not common transient (C. H. B. '8G.). 44. [233] Actitis macularia (Linn. ). Spotted Sandpiper. Ccnimon migrant and rare summer resident. April 12. There is one egg in the University collection from this locality. Found in the same places as the Solitary Sandpiper but in smaller numbers. MIGRATION RECORD. Year .... . 1885. 1892. 190D. W0I. 1903. Observer C. H. B. E. M. K. N. B. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. First seen ... 4-22 4-27 4-17 4 12 4-19 Next seen 5-2 t-7 4-28 4-24 5-3 4-28 Common Rare. Common. 45. [273] Oryechus vocffera (Linn.). Killdeer.* Fig. 6. Abundant summer resident and rare winter resident. January 31 to Dec. 12. Nest and four eggs found April 12, 1903 (C. E. Edmondson). Another set found May 12, 1003, in a depression in the ground lined with dry grass (C. G. L.). During several dark and cloudy or rainy 79 nights (March 5 to 13, 1903), the well-Known piercing notes of this bird were heard everywhere at all hours. On Nov. 29, '03, a Killdeer was seen on the snow when there was no open water. The few uncovered mudtly ?pots were filled with tracks ancl prolongs. MIGRATION RECORD. Year ... 1884. 1885. 18«5. 1886. 1886 Observer First seen C.H.E. 3-18 C. II. E. 2-C8 C.H. B. B.W.E. 3-7 B. W.E. 3-7 2-14 Common 3-19 3-25* Last seen ... 12-12 11 Abundance Abundant. Abundant Common. Common . *W.S. B. Year 1892. 1899. 1900. 1901 1902 Observer First seen A. B. U. 3-24 N. B. M. 3-2 N. B.M. 3-9 W. L.M. 3-17 W. L. M. 3-1 Next seen 4-2 5-3 4-20 3_19* 3-7 Common 3-°4 3-26 Last seen Abundance Common. Rare. Not common Abundant. - V. II. B. Abundant. 46. [289] Culinns rir<~//ii>arrerins Linn. American Sparrow Hawk.* Common resident, less numerous in winter; in fact, they are entirely absent some winters as they were during those of 19-00-1901, 1902-1903 and 1884-1885. They become common in March— March 15, 1902, March 19, 1903, March 2G, 1885 (C. H. B.). They have been observed mating March 17, '€3 (W. L. M.), and repairing a nest on the University cam- pus, which has been used for years, on April 11, 1901 and 1933. In years when they do not winter it is seen that the females are the first migrants, as for example, in 3885. The first and second dates for females were March 17 and 20, while males were not seen until March 23 and 24. 64. [364] Pandion haliaetus carolinemis (Gmel. ). American Osprey. Rather rare migrant. March 12 to April 29. November. C. H. Bollmann saw but one in four years, March 12, 1885. B. W. Evermann said it was occasional on the White River ('87), and E. M. Kindle reported it during November, 1892. Of late it has been seen frequently 84 in the central part of the county; the record for 1903 is as follows: First seen April 13, next April 17, and last April 29. 65. [366] Asio wilsonianus (Less.). American Long-eared Owl. Rare winter visitor. Fall 1886 (B. W. E.); Jan. 30, 1883 (W. S. B.); March 19, 1885 (C. H. B.), are the only dates at hand. 66. [367] Asio accipitrinus. (Pall.). Short-eared Owl. "Very rare; two seen in the fall of 1886" (B. W. E.). 67. [368] Syrnium varium (Barton). Barred Owl.* Considered a common resident by C. H. Bollmann, B. W. EVermann and W. S. Blatchley. The last is authority for a breeding record. I know but little concerning the occurrence of owls in Monroe County. In fact owls are more rare here at present than in any place where I have ever made observations. The only record of a Barred Owl in three years is March 24, 1902, when one was heard. That this con- dition is only a temporary one is shown by the fact that in the fall of 1900 Screech Owls were abundant and Great Horned and Barred Owls were often heard and seen. 68. [372] Cryptoyltutx acadica (Gmel. ). Saw- whet Owl.* Rare resident. August 20, 1884. One was taken in the University power plant November 27, 1886 (C. H. B.). 69. [373] Megascops asio (Linn. ). Screech Owl.* Common resident. Breeds. The red phase prevails. With the excep- tion of the fall of 1900 this has been a rare bird here in the last few years. This is the fellow Avho can best explain the meaning of the series of fan-like scratches which we see after a fresh fall of snow on either side of two parallel rows of tiny dots which end in a little carmine punctuated pit— the shambles of a Peromyscus. A Screech Owl which had the sad affliction of a cataract on one eye was placed in a roomy cage with two whitefooted mice with which to satisfy his appetite. Morning dawned on the scene of an unexpected tragedy. Two mice, with golden coats and pretty white stockings, were nestled in a warm bed of bright rufous feathers, sleeping away the effects of a banquet of owl. 70. [375] Kubo virginianus (Gmel.). Great Horned Owl. Common resident (C. H. B. and B. W. E.). Breeds (W. S. B.). As in the case of the other Striges, rare since 1900. The only recent date is March 22, 1903 (P. J. H.). 85 The following epitaph is of interest: " 'Old Bubo,' the college pet. Caught in a steel trap in September, 1885, and kept in the basement of Owen Hall until January, 1886, when he died." 71. [376] Nyctea nyctea (Linn. ) . Snowy Owl. Rare winter visitor (C. H. B. '86.). Last date, January 25, 1903 (P. J. H.). 72. [387] Coccyzus americanm (Linn.). Yellow-billed Cuckoo.* Common summer resident. April 13 to Sept. 24. Breeds. A nest of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo was found May 30, 1901. It contained one egg on that day and two on the next. It was in a spice-bush three feet above the ground and was built of sticks and partly lined with leaves (W. L. H.). May 25, 1903, a nest and two eggs were found about seven feet up in a grapevine (C. G. L.). In 1885 a nest with fresh eggs was found as late as June 30, by B. W. Everinann (Butler). "The usual nest is a mere pretense, a flimsy structure of a few sticks, with a few blossoms, generally of the oak, upon which to lay the eggs. Occasionally a very substantial nest is built— one such was found at Blooming-ton, Ind., by my friend, Mr. O. M. Meyncke" (Butler). MIGBATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1892. 1893. Observer C.H. B. 5--17 5-19 5-24 C. H. B. G.G.W. 4-13 5-5* E. M. K. 5-7 5-13 E. M.K. 5 15 5-21 First seen Next seen Common Last seen 9-24 Very common. Very common. Common. *B. W. E. Common. Common. Year 1899 1900 1902 1902 1903 Observer First seen N.B.M. 4-28 N.B.M. 5-15 W.L. M. 5-5 W.L.M. W. L. M. 5-5 Next seen 4-29 5-16 5-10 Common Last seen 5-4 5-17 5-10 9-21 5-13 Abundance Common Common Common Common Common^ 73. [888] Cofcijznsrryihrophthalmus (Wils.). Black-billed Cuckoo.* Fig. 11. Common summer resident. 'May 12 to Sept. 22. Breeds. May 20, 1903, C. G. Littell found a nest and three eggs about eight feet up in a cedar. The nest was a mere platform. In 1887 B. W. Eveimann said that this species was apparently more coir.mou than the last. If there is any difference in numbers at present the Black-billed Cuckoo is the more rare of the two species. All rec- ords since 1892 show tli3 same state of affairs. In 1894, E. M. Kindle considered this bird rare and the last common in Brown County. At this place the present species is a much more regular migrant than the Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Records of five springs show that it arrived either on the 12th or 13th of May. May 12, 1893, Mr. E. M. Kindle heard them calling as they passed over, and on April 13, 1888, Mr. G. •G. Williamson heard the calling of Cuckoos, "Yellow or Black-billed or both." This is much the earliest date that has been recorded for either species within the State. In -all probability the birds heard were Yellow-billed Cuckoos, as they are much more irregular than the Black- billed in the time of their arrival and are always observed earlier. MIGRATION RECORD. Yenr 1885 1885 1886 1890 1893 1902 1903 Observer C H B. CUB B W E E M K E M K \V L M W L M First seen 5-12 5-13 5-13 5-12 5-12 5 16 5 13 •Common 5-19 Last seen Abundance Abund. 9-22 Abund.. Very com. Com. 9-21 Com. Com. 74. [390] Ceryle alcyon (Linn. ). Belted Kingfisher. Common summer resident; rare winter resident. March 5 to No- vember 9. Jan. 4, 1893 (E. M. K.). Breeds. The females become numer- ous in spring before the males. 87 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1837. 1892. 1892-3. Observer First seen C. II. B. 3-31 C. II. B. B.W. E. 3-22 G. G. W. 3-26 E.M.K. 3-27 E.M.K. Next seen 4-3 3-25 4-27 Common 4-27 Last seen 11-5 1-4, '93 Rare Common Year 1893 1900 1902 1902 1903 1903 Observer First seen E. M. K. 3-12 N. B. M. 4-18 W.L M. 4-9 W. L. M. W.L.M. 3-5 W. L. M. Next seen 4-26 4-98 4-19 3-6 Common .. 4-7 Last seen . . 11 9 11-7 Abundance Common. Not very common. Scarce. Common. Common. Common. 75. [393] Dryobates villosus (Linn.). Hairy Woodpecker.* Common resident: breeds. A less familiar bird than the next, but it is occasionally seen in the city. But his contact with civilization generally gives him a dingy color and a ruffled coat. 76. [394] Dryobates pubescens (Linn.). Southern Downy Woodpecker.* Fig. 12. Common resident; breeds. Possibly more common than the last; apparently so because of its more confiding attitude towards man. Nest and one egg in a rail April 23, 1903 (C. G. L.). But the nest has been found with only two eggs in it as late as May 15, 1901. 77. [402] Sphympicus varius (Linn.). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.* Regularly a very common migrant; occasionally a common winter resident. Eight were seen January 21, 1903, in a group of cedars and pines less than an acre in area. It did not winter in 1901-1902. B. W. Evermann gives it as a rare resident, and W. S. Blatchley says it breeds. There are no later dates in spring, however, than May 1, 1903 (W. L. M.), and May 5, 1885 (C. H. B.). It was observed mating April 8, 1903 (W. 88 L. M.). but it would be an unusual occurrence for it to breed this far south. According to C. H. Bollmann's schedule for 1885 the males arrive and depart earlier than the females. MIGRATION EECORD. Year 1885. 18$». 1885. 1836. 1887. Observer C. 11. B. C. II. B. C. H. B. G. G. W. G.G.W. First seen r? 3-°7 £> 4-2 U-15 3-15 3-31 Next seen S-3I • 4-3 ii-24 3-°5* 4-1 Co nun 'ii 4 4 4-4 9-25 Last seen 4-19 12-°i»* Abu nd;i ncc Co '11 in on. Coin tuoii . Very common Rare. *W. S. B. Ycftr 1 &>•' i yob 190.1. 1902. 1903 Ob !erver E M. K. x M. M. W L M. W. L M. W. L. M. First f-een 4 4. 4-7 1- 7 3- It Next^een 4-17 4-10 2-2 3-22 Common 4-10 4 7:- 3-27 4-12 Last seen 4-23 5-1 Ab jndance Common Common. Common. Tolerably Common. •- V. H.B. 78. [405a] Ceophlcem pileatus abieticola Bangs. Northern Pileated Wood- pecker. Quite rare resident; very probably breeds. Although it is now re- stricted to the Avildest and least visited parts of the county and is present there in but small numbers, it must have been tolerably common as late as 1885. Seven specimens were taken that year— March 21, Marcn 22, a male; March 29, a male and a female (C1. H. IV); two specimens were taken along Bean Blossom Creek in August (K. W. KM. and one 80 was seen December 24, by W. S. Blatchley. It has been seen or taken several times since; all the dates . follow: November 3, 1887, J. Gra- ham; February 13, 1892, two seen, one of which, a female, was taken, A. B. Ulrey; one seen in 1898 and one about February 7, 1901, V. H. Barnett; two seen and one, a male, taken January 20, 1903, by Mr. Whitaker. The last specimen was winged and brought in alive. It hammered to pieces the pine box used for a cage and escaped into the streets. After several adventures it was with difficulty recaptured and placed in a wire cage at the University. He tried to shatter this, too, but of course was unsuccessful. His accuracy was shown by his rein jstrdly packing a wire, not more than one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, which he hit squarely every time. He lived about three days in captivity. Two of these noble birds were also seen on May 17, 1 '.:.:-!-. In a steady majestic flight they winged their way across some fields and a highway that lay between two dense forests, their favorite retreats. 79. [406] Mdanerpes erythrocephalus (lArm.), Red-headed Woodpecker.* Abundant summer resident; not uncommon winter resident. All of the Redheads sometimes migrate in the fall, and leave us no winter residents. Such was the case in the years 1892 and 1903. The autumn of the latter year was noticeable for the very scanty production of beechnuts and acorns. In 1893 after their winter's absence they were first seen April 19 and became abundant April 28 and 29 (E. M. K.). For three years prior to 1903 the Redhead was a very common winter resident, in fact, the most common and most equally distributed winter bird. It became common each year from the middle of February to the 1st of March. The mating call was heard as early as February 15, 1903. The nest and five eggs were found May 29, 1903 (C. G. L.). Redheaded Woodpeckers are very quarrelsome, and are continually 'driving other birds from their favorite trees. Their attentions seem especially directed against their little cousin, the Downy, although Jun- cos, Tufted Titmice and Nuthatches are not slighted. They have been observed to come to the ground to attack a Tufted Titmouse. They are capable of making as large an animal as the Fox Squirrel beat a hasty retreat. Sparrow Hawks, too, are put to flight, but the Red- headed tyrant often finds his master in the English Sparrow. 90 There is nothing in the Redhead to suggest the flycatcher, but he really is an expert in that line. A flash of color often attracts your eye to a nearby treetop, and you see that it is the Redhead, who is diminishing the insect population. In one or two or thrae swoops, as gracefully as Myiarchus himself, he obtains his luncheon. 80. [409] Centurus carol inus (Linn. ). Red- bellied Woodpecker.* Common summer resident; less common winter resident. An in- crease in number is noticeable about the middle of March. Common April 8, 1903. A very garrulous bird; a single individual often fills the woods with a din of his varied cries; stimulation and excitement are not needed to provoke a demonstration but he seems to do it for the pure love of making a racket. 81. [412a] Colnptes nurntus luteus Bangs. Northern Flicker.* Fig. 13. Abundant summer resident and very common winter resident. Be- comes abundant in March. Mating call heard as early as February 15, 1903, and as late as November 20, 1902. A nest and two eggs were found in an apple tree April 22, 1903 (C. G. L.). 82. [417] A)tti-ostomus vociferm (Wils.). Whip-poor-will.* Rather common summer resident, but on account of its peculiar habits not commou'v observed. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1886. 1892. 1893. 1899. 1903. Observer C.H.B. W. S. B. E.M. K. E. M. K. N. B. M. W. L. M. First seen 5-17 4-21 5-7 4-29 4-?5 4-29 Next seen 5-22 •1-23* 5-13 5-3 4-30 5-27 Last seen Abundance Common Not common Com ID on. *C. II. 13. 91 83. [420J Chordeiles virginianus (Gmel. ). Night Hawk.* Common summer resident. (C. H. tf.) April 28 to Sept. 21. Abun- dant migrant, especially in fall. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885 1885 1886 1892 1893 Observer First seen. . .... C. II. B. 5-Ki C. II. B. G. G. W. 5-6 E. M. K. 5-6 E.M.K. 5-10 Next seen Common 5-17 5-22 5-13 5-13 5-12 Last seen 9-21 Abundance Common^ Year . 1899. 1901. 1902. 1903. Observer N. B. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. First seen 5-14 5-9Q 4-28 Next seen 5-26 5-93 Common . . Last seen 9-13 Abundance Common Common Abundant 84. [423] Chsstum pelagica (Linn. ). Chimney Swift.* Abundant summer resident. April 4 to October 14. April 4, 1892 (E. M. K.) is as early as it has been reported from the State, while October 14, 1902, is the latest date for the State. On the latter date one was found clinging to a maple tree in the campus. It was quite numb and offered no resistance when picked up. It quickly recovered its vitality in a warm room, however, The outside temperature was 64°. Nestbuilding April "A(, 1903. Nest and five eggs found June 5,. 19G3 (C. G. L.) in a 1-irge chimney about six feet from the top. 02 MIGRATION EECORD. Year 1885 1885. 18£6 1892 1893 Observer C. H. B. C.H B. B. W. E E. M.K. E. M. K. First seen .. . 4-6 4-11 44 4-7 Nextseen 4-7 4-14* 4-17 4-8 4-17 Last seen 10-13 Abundance Abundant. Abundant. Abundant. Common. Common. *G.G.W. Year 1899 1902 1902 1903. Observer N B M W L M W. L. M. W.L. M. First seen 4-19 4-15 4-8 Next seen 4-20 4-18 4-9 Common ,. . 4-26 4-15 4-10 Last seen 10-14 Abundance .. ... Common. Abundant. Abundant Abundant. S5. [428] Trochilus colubris Linn. Ruby- throated Hummingbird.* Common summer resident. April 29 to September 26. The males migrate about a week ahead of the females. Nest and two eggs May 15, 1902. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1882. 1885. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1892. Observer First seen B.W.E. 5-13 C. H. B. cT4-29 C. H.B. £5-8 C. H.B. G. G. W. 4-29 E. M. K. 4 29 Next seen 4-30 5-9 4-30* Common 5-13 Last seen. 9-14 Abundance Common. Abundant Abundant Abundant Not very :C. H. B. co.uinon. Year . 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. N. B. M. W. L M. W. L. M. W. L. M. 5-5 5-4 5-5 5-8 5-7 5-6 5-10 5-15 9-26 Abundance • Common. Common. Moderately Common. common. -86. [444] Tyrannus tymnnus (Linn.). Kingbird.* Fig. 14. Common summer resident. April 13 to September 5. Mating April 29, 1903. Nest and four eggs on the topmost limb of an apple tree, May 28/11)03 (C. G. L.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year .... 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. Observer C.H.B. 4-17 C. H. B. W. S. B. 4-13 G. G.W. 4-24 E.M.K. 4-18 Nextscen Common 4-20 4-23 4-14* 4-15f 4-27 4-27 Last seen . . . 9-5 Abundance Abundant Abundant Common. Common. *G. G.W. tC.H.B. Year 1893 1900 1901. 1903. Observer First seen E.M.K. 4-16 N.B. M. 4-23 W.L.M. 4-30 W.L.M. 4-19 Next seen 4-26 4-28 5-4 4-29 Common 5-6 4-29 Last seen Abundance ... .... Common. Common. Common. Common. 87. [452] Myiarchu.8 crinitus (Linn. ). Crested Flycatcher. * Common summer resident. April 18 to September 7. Nestbuilding- May 14, 1901; six eggs May 27. In 1902 a nest and 5 eggs were found May 21; the eggs were hatched June 2 and the young birds had flown June 11 (Gertrude Hitze). Another nest with six young about ready to leave wTas found June 12. It wras in a hollow apple tree about 6V2 feet up (C. G. L.). Later in the season, in August and September, these birds may be seen trooping around with a brood of lusty youngsters almost as large as themselves. These little family groups are pleasing objects in the sultry brightness of an open grove or beside the dimly lighted paths of the forest. Myiarchus here, as at all places and all times, seems to fit into his surroundings perfectly. Everywhere he is full of un- conscious dignity and is perfectly at home. MIGRATION EECORD. Year 1*85 188i 1886 1887 1802 18(j3 Observer O.H B. C IT. U. G 11. B G. G. W. E.M.K. E. M.K. First seen 4-21 4-23 4-25 4-24 4-18 Next seen . Common 4-?2 4-°5 4-24 4-27 4-27 4-2o Last seen 9-7 Abundance Abundant. Very common Common Very common Common, Year 1899. 1900. 1901. 19 2. 1903. Observer First seen Next seen N.B M. 4-22 4-28 N.B M. 5 6 5-7 W. L. M. 5-6 5-7 W. L. M. 4-27 4 °8 W. L.M. 4-28 4-29 Common 5-3 5-8 5-9 4_->7 4-29 Last seen Abundance Common Common Com mon Common. Common. 88. [456] Sayornis phcebe (Lath. ). Phcebe.* Fig. 15. Common summer resident. March 1 to October 17. An early mi- grant and an early breeder. 1>. W. Evermann gives the date March 95 1, but does not give the year, although it is probably 1887. E. M. Kindle saw it March 2, 1893. They are found first at the nesting places: March 17, 1901, a pair was seen at a quarry; March 14, 11)02, one was seen at a bridge near a pond and on the first date in 1903, March 12, they were common at the caves; eleven were seen about the mouths of three caves. Nestbuilding March 22, 1902. Nest com- plete April 2, 1903. April 12, 1903, a nest and five eggs were found under a bridge (C. G. L.). Well-grown young have been seen May 6, 1899 (X. B. M.), and May 7, 1901. The Phoebe seems to be better pleased if a suitable nesting site can be found near the dwellings of man. There he lives out his quiet and beneficial career, an unobtrusive yet confiding bird. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1881. 18S5 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. Observer First seen C.H. E. 3-18 C.H.B. 3-21 C. H. B. W. S. B. 3-10 G. G. W. 3-20 V. II. B. 3-25 Next seen 3-22 3-31 3-14* 3-161 3-26* 3-29 10-17 Abundance Abundant. Abundant. Common. Common. ••'B.W.E. tG. G.W. *E.M.K. Year 1893. 1899. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. Obcerver E. M.K. N. B. M. W. L M. W.L. M. W.L.M. W. L. M. 3-2 4-13 3-17 3-14 3-6 3-ln 5-14 3-24 3-1 6 3-12 :'-!<) 3-27 3-12 Last seen Abundance Common Common. Common. Common. 10-12 Common. Common 96 89. [459] Nutta llornis borealis (Swains. ). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Rare transient. April 30, 1885 (C. H. B.). The only other record for the southern part of the State is that of May 12, 1885, Wheatland, Knox County (Robert Ridgway). Do these dates indicate an accidental deviation from the ordinary migration route in that one year? 90. [461] Contopus virens (Limi.). Wood Pewee.* Very common summer resident. April 26 to October 5. Has been reported much earlier, as for instance: April 15, 1899, and April 7, 1900 (N. B. M.), but these records are probably due to wrong identification. The most common Flycatcher. MIGBATION RECORD. Year 1885 1835 1886 1892 1893 Observer . ... C II B C. H B. C H B E M. K. E M K. First seen ... .. 5-3 4-26 5-18 5-6 Next seen 5-5 4-27 Common. .. 5-16 4-28* Last seen Abundance Abundant 10-3 Abundant Common. Common. •B. W. E. Year 1900. 1902. 1902. 1903. Observer N.B. M. W.L.M W. L. M. W. L. M. First seen 5-2 4-27 4-28 Next seen 5-8 5-10 Common 5-8 5-10 Last "een 10-5 Abundance Common. 91. [463] Empidonax flaviventris Baird. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Rather common migrant. April 17 to August 29. These dates rep- resent the extremes of arrival and departure for the State as well as for the county. 07 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1892. 1903. Observer . . ... C H. B C H. B W.S. B ABU W L M First seen 4-28 8-26 4-17 5-7 4-28 Next seen 5-1 8-27 4-29 Common Last seen 5-19 8-29 Abundance ......... Common Common. 92. [465] Empidonax rirescens (Vieill.). Green-crested Flycatcher.* Common summer resident. April 15 to September 18. Considered abundant by C. H. Bollmann and B. W. Evermann in 1886 and 1887. There are four nests, two with eggs, in the University collection. MIGRATION EECORD. Year .. 1885. 1885 1886 1887 Observer C.H.B. C. H. B. B. W E B W E First seen 5-14 4-27 4-15 Next seen 5-15 5-1* Common 5-16 5-4f Last seen 9-18 Abundance Abundant Abundant Abundant *C. H. B. tW.S. B. Year 1892 1900 1903 Observer First seen A.B.U. 5-7 N.B. M. 5-2 VV.L. M. Next seen 5-7 Common 5-8 6-9 Last seen Abundance 93. [466] Empidonax tmillii (And.). Traill's Flycatcher. "In Monroe County, Prof. Evermaim found it an uncommon summer resident" (Butler). 7-A. OF SCIENCE, '04. 98 MIGRATION RECORD. Year : 1885 1885 Observer C. H. B C H B First seen . . ... 5-14 Next seen 5-15 Last seen Abundance Not rare. 8-27 NcTt common 94. [467] Efiii/idinia.r minrnmx Baird. Least Flycatcher.* Common migrant. April 21 to May 19. September 12 to 18. It has l>een reported by two observers as !i summer resident (B. W. E. and N. B. M.). but these records are probably wrong. The bulk of the species departed May 13, '85 (C. H. B.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1892. 1899. 1901. 1903. Observer • First seen Next seen C. H. B. 4-21 4-23 C. H. B. 9-12 9-13 E. M. K. 5-3 5-7* N.B.M. 5-5 W. L. M. 4-23 W. L. M. 4-29 4-30 Com tn on 4-30 9-15 Last seen 5-19 9-18 5-13 Abundance Common Common. Common. *A. B. U. 95. [474b] OtiM'oris aliteKtm jn-aticnla Hensh. Prairie Horned Lark.* Common resident; more abundant in winter and during the migra- tions. They became common March 20. 190:5. Many notes are given under the name Otocorls alpextriy, but this is probably due to faulty nomenclature; all such notes were considered as referring to the sub- species, although it is not improbable that (). alpestris will be fount* here in winter. March 25, 1902. The Horned Larks were singing continually, and one of them was observed in his aerial evolutions. About dusk one began: singing all the time, flitting upward a little way, then poised 99 on stretched and quivering wing, then up again and poising, until lie was nearly out of sight. The climax was a straight, swift dive, with wings closed, toward the earth. He did not open his wings until he was within a few feet of the ground, when he settled lightly down and went quietly to feeding as if nothing had happened. Four young were seen just ready to leave the nest May 10, 1903. G. G. Williamson obtained an adult female and a young male May 29, 188(3. 96. [477] Ci/nnocittu cwfafr/ ( Linn. ). Blue Jay.* Fig. 16. Abundant resident; sometimes less numerous in winter. Jays were nearly all mated March 8, 1903, and a pair was observed mating February 1(>. 1901. This pair began a nest but abandoned it when about one-fourth completed, February 22. N. B. Myers observed them nestbuilding March 3, 1899. More usual dates are: Nestbuilding, March 17, '03; March 22, '02, a half-completed nest was found: nest completed March 20, 1902, and 1903; three pairs nestbuilding April 1, '01; nests with three eggs were found April 15 and 17, 1903 (W. L. M.). The former was between two rafters in a corncrib and was built partly of mud (C. G. L.). A Blue Jay was seen sitting on unhatched eggs May 16, 1903. "As spring approaches they become very vocal, uttering many calls, some very pretty notes, varying from loud to low. Evidently some of the latter are intended solely for one female to hear. * * * With us the season of song begins early in March * * * as early as March 8. * * * With it comes pairing time, which I have known them to continue until April 25" (A. AY. Butler). As is above stated the Blue Jay has a great number of calls, many of which are principally used during the mating season. But the writer has never heard a Jay give a call during that season that has not been heard during every other month from September to June at some time during the past four years. Careful observations and a separate series of notes have been made with the above conclusion as a result. On April 2,8 and 29. 1!)!U. at a time of very abundant nocturnal migration, many Jays were seen migrating by day. They Hew steadily and unite high (about 200 ft.), in a northeast direction. The flight of the 29th was exactly similar to that of the 28th: no Jays were even 200 yards from the path. Whether the flight kept up all night is a question. Following are a few groups observed on each day and the approximate time elapsing between their passage of a given point: April 100 28—12; immediately, 3; 1 miriute, 8; 4 minutes, 8; 15 minutes, 11. April 29—3; 2 minutes, 9; 1 minute, 2; etc. The woods below were furnished with their usual numbers of noisy Jays; but neither migrants nor residents seemed to be influenced by the presence of the other. 97. [488] Corvus brachyrhynchos C. L. Brehm. Common Crow.* The crow is quite common in Monroe County, but the numbers in which it occurs seem insignificant to one accustomed to enormous roosts. Crows are very rarely seen in flocks of as many as one hundred individ- uals. About 1886 there was quite an extensive roost in Turner's (Cedar) Grove (W. S. B.), but at the present time there is no roost of any size in the county. The nest has been noted by B. W. Evermann as early as March 20. A half-finished nest was seen April 4, 1903 (C. G. L.). Two nests, one with eggs were found April 20, 1902 (W. L. M.), and a nest with 5 young was found about fifty feet from the ground in a beech, April 2G, 1903 (C. G. L.). 98. [494] Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linn. ). Bobolink.* Common migrant, usually appearing during the first week of May, although it has been observed on April 17, 1885 (C. H. B.) and 1893 (E. M. K.). It may be observed until a month later; May, 17 (C. H. B., '85). August 29 to September 1. The males arrive and depart earlier than the females; males were seen from April 17 to May 5 and females from May 2 to 17, 1885 (C. H. B.). On a rainy morning in May (5-3-'03) a Bobolink was found in an apple tree in town, singing with all the vivacity of mid-June. This is the first time I have heard it sing during migration. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1882. 1883. 1885. 1885. 1885. 1886. Observer B. W. E. B. W. E. C. H. B. C. H.B. C. H.B. Bicknell. First seen 5-6 5-6 cf 4-17 f 5-2 8-29 5-3 Next seen 5-2 5-4 9-1 5-4* Common 5-6 5-5t Last seen 5-5 5-17 Abundance Ratherrare Common Common. Common. Common. Common. C. H. B. tG. G.W. 101 Year 1887 1888. 1893 1901 1902. 1903 Observer First seen Next seen G. G. W. 5-1 5-4 Butler. 5-6 E.M. K. 4-17 5-6 W. L. M. 5-6 5-10 W. L. M. 5-5 W. L. M. 5-2 5-3 Common 5-13 5-10 5-14 Last seen . . . 5-13 5-14 Abundance Common. Common. Common. Common 99. [495] Molothrus ater (Bodd.). Cowbird.* Abundant summer resident. March 7 to October 17. Eggs found as early as April 22 ('86 B. W. E.). The Cardinal and Indigo Bunting seem to be the coerced foster-parents more often than other birds of this region. MIGRATION EECORD. Year 1884. 1885. 1885. x 1886. 1887. 1892. 1893. Observer C.H.E. C. H. B. C.H. B. B.W.E. G.G. W. E.M.K. E.M.K. First seen 3-23 4-8 3-7 3-23 3-25 3-11 Next seen .... 4-9 3-14 4-9 3-19 Common. . . 4-12 4-27 Last seen 10-17 Abundance Abundant. Abundant. Common Common Common Year 1899 1900 1901 1902 1902 1903 Observer First seen N.B.M. 4-15 N. B. M. 4-7 V.H. B. 3-23 W.L. M. 3-14 W. L.M. W. L. M. 3-17 Next seen 4-17 4-12 3-25* 3-25 3-21 Common 4-27 4-28 4-9 3-21 Last seen 9 1 Abundance Common. Common. Common. W. L. M. Abundant. Abundant Abundant. 102 100. [498] Ayelaius pha'nicen$ (IAm\, ). Red-winged Blackbird.* Abundant migrant and common summer resident. March 4 to Novem- ber 16. There are two nests each containing two eggs in the University collection taken by C. H. Bollman, 1885. A bird with striking dress and musical call, as often observed remote from as near bodies of water dur- ing the migrations. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885 188n 1£86 1837. 1892. 1893. Observer First seen C. II. B. 3-11 C. H. B. B. W. E. 3-4 G.G. W. E. M. K. 4-2 3-26 E. M. K. 4-26 Next seen 3-14 3-7 ! 4-2* Common 3-16 4-12 Last seen 11-16 Abundance Abundant. Abundant. Not common Not common A.B. U. Not very common. Year 1900. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. 1903. Observer First seen Next seen Common N. B. M. 3-11 3-22 3-23 W. L. M. 3-17 3-24 5-1 W. L. M. 3-4 3-9 3-10 Abundant. W.L. M. 11-4 Abundant. W. L. M. 3-5 3-6 3-7 Abundant. W. L. M. 11-7 Abundant. Last seen Abundance Not very common. Abundant. 101. [501] Sturnctta mac/na (Linn. ). Meadowlark.* Fig. 17. The Meadowlark is an abundant summer resident and not uncommon winter resident. It becomes abundant at some time from January to March: •January 21, 1903 to March 10, 1899 (N. B. M.). They have been observed gregarious and with no tendency to pairing- March 31, and mated April 7 in the same year. The nest with full com- plement of eggs was found May 1, '03 (C. G. L.); May 7, '01; and four young and an egg were found May 10, '01. They seem to be careless sometimes in regard to the disposal of the eggs. A nest with four young was found May 27, '01 (W. I,. H.): two days later the young 103 were all there, still covered with down, but when the nest was disturbed, two eggs rolled out of the feathers about the nest. "I have known them in full song March 8. * * * After the harvest is over and the young are able to take care of themselves, most of the Meadowlarks seek choice spots, and but seldom are their songs heard" (Butler). Butler also mentions hearing their song in September and November. The writer has heard them singing every hionth in the year, nine of which are spent in this region. Following rtre soirie dates for Bloomington: 0-28: 10-12; 11-8; 12-18, '02; 1-24; 2-26; 3-2; 4-8; 5-1; 6-9, '03. The Meadowlark is another bird which migrates considerably by day. The immense, noisy flocks of February and March are always on the move. Fifty of these birds were seen as early as January 21, 1903, flying over due north at a height which made it necessary to use a powerful h'eld-glass to identify them. This species, as well as; most of the members of tile family Icteridae, is noted for its gregarious habits. That the different species should show such habits inttr *'. as do the swallows, is a more remarkable thing. That this seems to be the case is the only logical conclusion to be drawn from a study of local migration schedules. For instance, for a few days previous to March 21, 1903, Meadowlarks and Grackles, both resident species were the only Icterldw seen. On the 21st, however, these species became augumented in numbers while Rusty Grackles, Redwings and Cowbirds, not seen for several days before, again made their appearance in considerable nuinbers. This family migration is to be observed in the Ictn-idcn at the time the species become abundant and not at their first, arrival. The1 Orioles move together in the same way and become numer- ous at about the same time. 102. [506] Icti'i'u* xjitJD-iti* CLinii. ). Orchard Oriole.* Common summer resident, abundant and conspicuous during the spring migration. April 17 to August 29. These dates are edch one day earlier than the recorded limits of its stay in the State. Six years out of ten, this species arrived before the Baltimore Oriole. This is a somewhat different proportion than the two out of fifteen obtained by A. W. Butler. The difference may be explained by a change in habit, as the dates of arrival of the Orchard Oriole before that of its relative are all included in the last seven years in which observations have been made at this point. This change in date of arrival is probably correlated with the 104 steady increase in numbers in this species and decrease in the next (vide Butler, Birds of Ind.; p. 899).., The first song was heard April 28, 1903, and males in the second year plumage were seen singing April 29 and May 10, 1903. The Orchard Oriole is an abundant breeder here; the nest and complement of eggs have been found May 17, 1901. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885 1885 1886 1886 1887 1892 Observer First seen C.H.B. 4-21 C.H.B. C.H.B. 4-22 G. G. W. G.G.W. E. M.K. 4-24 ! - 4-96 Next seen ..... 4-22 4-23* 4*27 - Common . . . * 4-28 Last seen 8-29 8-14 Abundance Abundant. Abundant. Common. j *G. G. \\. 1 '' " Year 1893 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 Observer First seen Next seen E.M.K. 4-17 N. B. M. 4-22 4-27 N.B.M. 4-24 4-25 W. L. M. 4-28 4-29 W.L. M. 4-28 4-30 W. L. M. 4-24 4-28 4-29 5-3 5-4 4-28 Last seen Abundance Common. Common. Common. Abundant. Abundant. 103. [507] Icterus galbula (Linn.). Baltimore Oriole.* A rather abundant migrant and moderately common summer resident. April 18 to September 2. C. H. Bollman in 1886 and B. W. Evermann in 1887 indicated in their lists that this species was more abundant than the last. The reverse is the case now. A quite regular migrant but it has arrived on the average about a week later since 1890 than it did during the eighties. Not nearly so common a summer resident as the last. Song April 28, 1903. June 8, 1903 nest found hanging in an inaccessible posi- tion, on the end of an elm limb about 80 feet from the ground. The bird was incubating I believe (C. G. L.). 105 MIGBATION RECORD. Year 1884. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. Observer First seen B.W.E. 4-20 C.H.B. 4-20 C.H.B. C.H.B. 4-20 B. W. E. 4-20 E.M.K. 4-28 Next seen 4-21 4-24 4-22 4-24* 4-27* 5-7 9-2 Common Abundant Abundant Common. Rare. 'B.W.E. *G.G.W. Year 1893. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Observer First seen Next seen E. M. K. 4-24 4-25 N.B. M. 4-26 4-27 4-28 N.B.M. 4-18 4-19 4-21 W. L. M. 5-6 5-7 5-15 W.L.M. 4-29 5-3 W.L.M. 4-28 4-29 4-29 Last Been Abundance Rare. Common. Common. Mrf)der'tely Moder'tely Common. Common. Common. 104. [509] Euphagus carolinw (Mull. ). Rusty Blackbird.* Rather common migrant. March 8 to May 16. November 15 to 21. MIGRATION RECORD. Year. isa5. 1885. 1886. 1901. 1902 1903 Observer First seen C.H.B. 3-14 C.H.B. 11-15 B.W.E. 3-14 G.Hubbard 3-17 W.L.M. 3-16 W.L.M. 3-8 Next seen 3-17 11-16 3-25 3-17 Common 3-18 Last seen 4-12 11-21 4-19 5-16 Abundance Abundant. Common. Rare. Tolerably Common. Tolerably Common. 106 105. [5llb] Quwalw (juiwnla 'tcneti* (Ridgw. ). Bronzed Grackle.* Abundant summer resident and uncommon winter resident. Follow- ing are the numbers seen at some winter dates: 2, 12-30-'84 (C. H. B.), l-ll-'85 (C. H. B.); 1 taken, l-4-'86 (G. G. W.); and 24, 1-17-1903. Of the last flock, 15 were females, and 9 were males; there were also more females than males in a flock of 30 seen November 30, 1902. On the other hand the first migrants in spring are all great, splendid males in full song. Twenty-six seen February 20, 1903. For a period after the beginning of migration the females are absent. They were not seen until March 8, 1901; March 23. 1902. Crackles become abundant during the first week of March. A half^finislied nest was found April 4 and a nest with three young was found May 13, 1903, in a pine, about 50 feet from the ground (C. G. I,.). Grackles roost in great numbers in the shade-trees of Bloomington and in early spring and in fall many Robins roost in the same places. The calls of the Grackle, both the chuck and the metallic notes may be heard at intervals after dark. I have heard them as late as 11 p. m. and as early as 3 a. m. and would not b^ surprised to learn that they are con- tinued throughout the night. 106. [514] Hespenphojia vespcrtina ( Coop. ) . Evening Grosbeak*. Very irregular and rare visitor. Seen only in January and April, 1887. Mr. C. H. Bollman took a male on the University campus, January 20, 1887. Mr. G. G. Williamson saw the following numbers during April: 4 on the 27th; 2 on the 29th; and 2 on the 30th. 107. [517] (.hrpodacus purpurew (Gniel. ). Purple Finch. Common migrant and irregular winter resident. B. W. EVermann classes it as a frequent winter visitor and W. S. Blatchley says it wintered in 1882-3. It probably wintered in 1885-0, as no last date is given in the fall migration schedule, nor any first date in that of the spring. The females remain later than the males in spring. I have heard its song at Marion, Ind., March 8, 1900. More often observed in sycamore than in other trees. Most of them departed April 14, 1885 (C. H. B.). 10' MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1901. 1902. 1903. CUB C 11. U. G. G. W. W. L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M., First seen 3-14 11-8 3-17 3-8 3-27 12-20 3-18 3-18 4-2 f c?4-25 4-30 4-7* 4-19 5-4 Abundance t £5-15 Abundant. Common. *V. H. B. Common. Common. 108. [521] Lo.cix nn-n'i-oxtw minor (Brehm). American Crossbill. An exceedingly irregular species; has been found often in winter and lias been reported a summer resident. The Red Crossbill was first reported from Monroe County, February 10, 1883, by B. W. Evermann who says it was common for some" time after that date. The same authority also says that it was common dur- ing the winter of 1883-4. In both the spring and the fall of 1885 they were quite common. C. H. Bollrnan's record of its movements in the spring is as follows: 8 males and females seen March 2 and 3; the arrival of the bulk from the north took place March 8 and both sexes were then com- mon; in a letter to J. M. Wheaton he reported them still present March 13; and the last male was seen May 10 and the last female May 12. The bulk of the species departed April 15. From uncatalogued specimens in the collection of Indiana University the following additional dates were obtained: March 10; a male May 14. During the year 1885 it was also reported to have bred at Bloomington. "Mr. Sam Hunter reports a pair to have nested in a pine here in 1885. He says the nest was made ex- clusively of pine burrs" (E. M. Kindle.). In the fall of 1885, C. H. Bollrnan reported the Red Crossbill October 4 and November 5, but gives no date for the last one seen, indicating that it remained throughout the winter, and, indeed, W. S. Blatebley reports it in his list of winter birds as a scarce resident during the Winter of 1885-6. In the latter year, the first Crossbills were reported January 18. and fifteen or twenty were seen February 6 '(G. G. W.). Crossbills, prob- ably of this species, but not exactly identified were i'ej>ortect February 23 108 and March 8, 1886. C. H. Bollman saw eleven in a fir tree in Blooming-ton June 24, and reported them alsp on July 10, 13 and 14 (B. W. -E.). After being reported quite often during this period of 4 years, Cross- bills were not again recorded until 1892, when six were observed by E. M. Kindle and A. B. TJlrey on March 1. The last date recorded for this locality is March 3, 1893 (E. M. K.), when a crossbill probably of this species, was identified by note. 109. [522] Loxia leucoptera Gmel. White- winged Crossbill. A very irregular visitor, much more rare than the last. White-winged Crossbills were first observed here February 6, 1883. On that date B. W. Everrnann took two males from a flock of fifteen in a yard on College Avenue, Bloomington. A female was taken February 10, and "two days later two more specimens were taken near the same place." (A. W. Butler, in "Papers Read at the World's Congress of Ornithology" in Chicago, 1893-6.) Mr. Evermann also observed this bird February 23 (List of Birds of Carroll County, "Auk," 1889). C. H. Bollman gives a queried record of this species for December 12, 1885. About five were identified by note. A. W. Butler says: "The only instance of its occurrence in summer in the Ohio valley is that given me by the late C. H. Bollman. He saw eleven in a fir tree in Bloomington, Ind., June 24, 1886." However, on C. H. Bollman's schedule for 1886, this date is attributed to the other species, in the account of which I have placed it. 110. [528] Acanthis linaria (Linn. ). Redpoll. Irregular winter visitor. "B. W. Evermann identified a single bird at Bloomington in December, 1882" (A. W. Butler). C. H. Bollman .reports "one seen" in his list of 1886, and "Mr. Chauncey Juday obtained specimens from a flock of twenty at .Bloomington, April 12, 1895" (A. W. Butler). W. S. Blatchley also reports one January 30, 1883. 111. [529] Asitragcdinustn'stisCLiniL,,). American Goldfinch,* Abundant resident. Song March 29 (W. L. M.,'02). June 12, 1902, a nest and four eggs in a .wild rose bush (C. G. L.). October 2, 1903, I shot a young Goldfinch with the short wings and tail and fluffy feathers of a fledgeling, that was unable to fly well and was still being fed by the mother. The plumage changes are very interesting. It requires about a month for all the males to assume the summer plumage. None were seen 109 in summer dress until April 18, 1880 (B. W. K). The record from the first appearance of a change till the moult is completed is as follows: March 29 ('02), two Goldfinches, one singing and in great part in summer plumage; April 1 ('03), eight Goldfinches, four singing and with the back and part of the breast yellow, and part of head black; April 2, four Thistlebirds, one in perfect plumage, the others in changing phases of attire; April 12, two, one in full dress; April 14, five, two in yellow and black; April 19, three, two in winter plumage. One of these which was black; April 19, three, two in winter plumage. One of the last two which was taken was a male, the other one of the trio was in summer attire; April 25, twenty, ten in transitional stages of plumage; April 3U. an increase in those of full plumage to the usual summer number. Probably all of the males have completed the moult. 112. [533] N/>/>/.< fn'ntiK (Wils. ). Pine Siskin. A rather regular migrant in moderate numbers; a rare winter resident. October 27 to May 13. MIGRATION RECORD. Year . . 1883. 1885. 1885 1886 1886 Observer First seen B. W. E. 2-6 I. U. Coll. 3-23 C. H. B. 10-27 G.G.W. G. G. W. Next seen 3-25* Common 3-25* 12 4 Last seen 5-13* 12-29 4-24 I9 °9* Abundance Not rare. Common. Common *C. H. B. W.S.B. Year 1887. 1896. 1902 1903 Observer First seen . . . . G. G. W. A. W. B. W. L. M. 3-23 W.L.M. Next seen Common Last seen 5-8 11- 5 * 3-18 Abundance *E. Muhse. 110 113. [534] Pawrina niml is (Linn.). Siiowflake. Rare and irregular' winter visitor (C. H. B., '86). 114. [536] Cairn ri us lapponicu.* (Linn. ). Lapland Longspur. Rare and irregular winter visitor. Observed February 2, 1883 (W. S. B.); taken February 10 and 12, 1883 (B. W. E.); seven seen Feb- ruary 9, 1001 (V. H. B.). All were associated with Otocoris a. pralicola. 115. [540] Pocecetfs (jramiiwus (Gmel. ). Vesper Sparrow.* Abundant summer resident. February 19 to October 25. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 18S5. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. 1893. Observer First seen C. H.B. 4-1 C. H. B. W. S. B. 4-8 G. G. W. 3-24 A. B. U. 4-2 E. M. K. 3-30 Next seen 4-2 4-10* 3-25* 4-9* Common 4-3 4-17 Last seen . .... 10-25 Abundance Abundant. Verv common. Abundant Common. Common *G. G. W. •• B. W. E. *E. M. K. Year 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. Observer N. B. M. N. B. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. W.L. M. First seen 2-19 4-18 3-24 2-21 3-17 Next seen 2-24 3-24 3-18 Common 3-25 4-25 3-29 3-17 Last seen 10-19 Abundance Common. Common. Abundant. Abundant. Abundant. Abundant. 116. [ — ] Passer domestwm (Linn. ). European House Sparrow.* Exceedingly abundant resident. Appeared in Bloomington in 1875 (Butler). Nest and six eggs taken as early as February 20, '03 (C. G. L/.). Two males were observed trying to mate wTith a female Song Sparrow, March Ill 2, 1901 (W. L. M.). During the mating season English Sparrows often engage in such earnest fighting that one or the other of the contestants is left dead upon the field. Their pugnacious encounters are by no means confined to that season, however. On October 1G, 1902, two males were so deeply interested in their battle that they were both easily picked up in the hand. Flycatchers are found in the Sparrow family and the House Sparrow is one of these. They have been observed catching insects on the wing, swooping and returning to the same perch like Flycatchers. Some seem more adept than others; one seen, made two darts in the air before returning to the tree which was his headquarters. Other Sparrows which have been observed at this pursuit are: Junco, Chewink, Chippy, Field and White-throated Sparrow's. Quite a tendency to albinism is noticeable in this bird and it seems to be of recent development. A perfect albino was taken September 28, 1885 (C. H. B.). In the single spring of 1903, a perfect albino was cap- tured by hand while on a nest containing four young (McCracken) ; a par' tial albino with the head and flecks everywhere snowy white was taken and three similar ones seen. Many specimens with one or two rectrices or remiges white were observed. In two months in the summer at another locality, three partial albinos were seen and two complete ones reported. A peculiarity in the coloration is that the light color in the partial albinos is pure snowy white, while the entirely albinistic specimens are deep buffy white. 117. [542a] Passerculm samlirichfitxfs mninna (Wils. ). Savanna Sparrow. Common migrant and probably rare summer resident. The majority of migration records do not show this bird in Avhat is probably its true position. There are several rather early spring and late fall reports, but the greater number of dates given nearly coincide with those for the next species as if they were inseparably connected in time of migration as they have been, heretofore, generically united. This bird breeds farther north and winters farther north; the fact that it winters in the lower Wabash valley in our own State makes it seem probable that it should be seen earlier all over the S'tate and that it has probably been over- looked during many seasons until its more conspicuous cousin, with the brighter colors and startling insect-like trill, arrived. It is true that the two birds are generally found together, but it is probable that the obscure 112 little Savanna Sparrow is present at a given point in the State from a week to a month in advance of the Yellow-winged Sparrow every year. A nest identified as belonging to a bird of this species by Prof. J. R. Slonaker was found May 17, 1901. It was built in a depression in the ground and was lined and partly arched over with dry grass. On May 22, there were five eggs. June 3, they were hatched. June 7, the nest was empty-but probably not as a result of the natural course of events. . In 1885 most of the individuals departed May 2. The Savanna Spar- row was taken March 29, 1894, by E. M. Kindle in Brown County. MIGKATION RECORD. Year ... 1885 1885 1886 1892 Observer C.H. B. C. H. B. G G W E M K 4-18 10-17 4 10 3 30 4-20 4-16 Common 4-22 Last seen 5-11 11-6 4-27:;: Abundance Very common 'B. W.E. Year 1901 1902 1902 1903 Observer W. L.M. W.L. M. \V. L. M. W. L. M. First seen 3-23 3-17 Next seen 3-24 3-18 Common 5-10 4-3 • 4-12 Last seen 9-1 Abundance . . . Common Common. Common. Common. 118. [546] Coturnicuhts savannarum passerinus (Wils. ) Grasshopper Sparrow. Rather common summer resident (B. W. E.). April 12 to Oct. 4. Song April 12, '03 (W. L. M.). A nest and well incubated eggs found June G, 1902 (C. G. L.). MIGRATION RECOKD. 113 Year 1869. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887 Observer I. U. Coll. C. H.B. S E.Meek. B. W. E. G.G. W. First seen 4-20 4-25 4-25 Next seen 4-23 4-27 Common 4-25 8-1 4-27 Last seen - 7-26 10-4* Abundance • Common. Rather *C. H. B. Common. Year 1899. 1901 1902 1903. Observer... N. B. M. W. L.M. W. L. M. W.L. M. First seen 5-11 5-1 4-19 4-12 Next seen 5-13 5-5 4-25 4-19 Common 5-16 5-6 4-12 Last seen Abundance Common Common Common. Abundant 119. [547] Ammodramus henslowii (Aud. ). Henslow's Sparrow. Rare summer resident. Mr. C. G. Littell saw a nest on the ground which contained four young almost ready to fly, June 3, 1902. Mr. Littell made this report in 1903, after he had become better acquainted with the bird at Winona Lake Avhere it was collected. The accuracy of the record is thus assured. 120. [552] Chondeate-s grammacus (Say). Lark Sparrow. Abundant summer resident. March 26 to August 26. In 1887 B. W. Evermann classed it as rare and said it had not been seen here until in recent years. However C. H. Bollman found it abundant in 1885. The Lark Sparrow has probably been increasing in numbers every year here. Song April 12, 1903. Mating May 6, 1902. Nest and four young on ground under a cedar limb, May 30, 1903 (C. G. L.). S— A.OF SCIENCE, '04. 114 MIGRATION RECORD; Year 1884. 1885. 1885 1886 1887 Observer C. H. E. C. H. B. C H B W S B G G W First seen 3-26 4-17 4 21 4-9(5 Next seen 4-18 4-22::: 4-27 Common 4-23 Last seen 8-26 Abundance Ahunilan t Rare B.W.E. Year 1893 1901 1902 1903 Observer E M K W L M W L M W L M First seen 4-17 5-6 4-24 4-12 ' Next seen 4-19 5-7 4-27 4-1 0 • Common 5-13 4-19 Last seen ... Abundance Moderately common. 121. [554] Zonotrichia leucophrt/s (Forst. ). White-crowned Sparrow. Moderately common migrant. April 10 to May 16. October 4 to 25. In 1885 most of them departed May 10 (C. H. B.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1893. Observer ... C. H. B. e. H. B. W. S. B. G. G. W. E. M. K. First seen 5-1 10-4 4-13 4-30 4-19 Next seen 5-2 10-11 4-22* 5-4 4-26 Common 5-4 4-22f Last seen 5-14 10--25 5-5^ 5-8 Abundance Common : B. W. E. tB.W.E. SG..G.W. 115 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. N. B.M. W. L. M. W.L.M. W.L.M. 4-30 5-5 4-10 4-12 Next seen 5-5 5-6 4-20 4-28 5-15 5-4 5-16 Common. Common. Common. 122. [558] Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmel. ). White- throated Sparrow.* Abundant migrant. March 8, '03 (W. L. M.) to May 16. September 24 to November 22. Possibly rare winter resident. Reported January 29, 1903 (P. J. H.). Song heard as early as March 9, 1903 and as late as November 8, 1902. On this late date the songs were loud, clear and distinct. "They remain with us in spring as late as they can. Often they are seen mating, and some years, when they lingered long, they have been observed carrying sticks, as though they had thought to begin nest-building. Some year when they remain late, I shall not be surprised to learn that the im- perative demands of nature have impelled some of them to make their summer homes with us and build their nests" (A. W. Butler). "April 30, 1902, in a brush heap, in an old orchard, I found a White-throated Sparrow building a nest. The bottom of the nest was made of twigs, but every time she carried any material to the nest, a Catbird would fly down and take it away. The Catbird fought and chased the Sparrows until they left the nest unfinished" (Gertrude Hitze). The bulk of the species departed May 10, 1885 (C. H. B.). MIGEATION RECORD. Year 1884. 1885 1885. 1885 1886 1887 Observer First seen .. C.H.E. 3-18 C.H.B. c?3-16 C.H.B. P4-8 C.H.B. 9-24 B. W. E. 4-12 G.G.W. 4-11 Xext seen 3-18 4-20 10-3 4-17* 4-25 4-25 10-10 4-22 Last seen 5-14 5-15 11-8 5-6 Abundflnce ... Abundant. Abundant Abundant. Common *G.G.W. 116 Year 1892. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. 1903. Observer First seen A.B.U. N. B. M. 4-17 W. L. M. W. L. M. 3-9 W.L.M. 10-5 W.L.M. 3-8 W.L.M. Next seen 3-14 10-12 3-9 Common 3-25 10-26 3-20 Last seen 4-30 5-13 5-4 11-9 5-16 11-22 Abundance Common Common Common Abundant Abundant 123. [559] Spizella monticola (Gmel.). Tree Sparrow.* Abundant winter resident. October 12 to April 19. The song is often heard in spring: March 1 and 5, 1902, and March 9 and 17, 1903. MIGRATION RECORD. Tear 1885. 1885. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. Observer First seen , C.H.B. C.H.B. 11-4 W.L.M. W.L.M. W.L.M. 10-12 W.L.M. Next seen 11-15 10-19 Common 3-23 12-26 11-28 Last seen 4-19 3-17 3-26 3-17 Abundance Abundant. Abundant. Common. Very Common. Common. Abundant. 124. [560] Spizella socialis (Wils.). Chipping Sparrow.* Fig. 18. Abundant summer resident. March 16 to November 9. Song March 17, 1903; March 26, 1902. Mating March 27, 1903. Nest found April 28, 1899 (N. B. M.); nest and four eggs May 2, 1903 (C. G. L.). Nearly full grown young seen with mother and being fed by her May 29, 1903. There is a nest in the collection of the University which is composed of soft vegetable fibers or rootlets without a trace of horsehair. 117 MIGRATION RECOED. Year 1884. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. 1893. Observer C. H. E. C. H.B. C. H. B. W. S. B. G.G.W. E. M.K. E. M. K. First seen 3-24 4-1 4-2 4-3 3-19 4-1 3-27 4-9 3-20 3-23 5-24* Last seen 11-7 Abundance Abund't. Abund't. Common • G. G. W. Common Common Year 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. . Observer First seen N.B.M. 4-12 N.B.M. 4-8 W.L.M. 3-25 W.L.M. 3-16 W.L.M. W. L. M. 3-27 Next seen Common 4-15 4-12 4-17 3-27 3-23 3-26 3-18 3-20 11-9 Abundance Common. Common. Common. Common. Common. . Abundant. 125. [563] Spizella pusilla (Wils.). Field Sparrow.* Fig. 19. Abundant summer resident. February 26 to November 8. Possibly rare winter resident. Reported January 17 and February 2, 1903 (P. J. H.). Singing weakly February 26, 1902; in full song March 10, 1903. Mat- ing March 29, 1902. Nest and 3 eggs, May 3, 1903 (C. G. L.). This nest was on the ground at the base of a large weed. Nest and full set of eggs May 14, 1899; hatched May 18 (N. B. M.). A most abundant species in weedy fields. 118 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1884. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1893. Observer First seen C.H. E. 3-18 C.H. B. 3-31 C. H. B. B. W. E. 3-15 G.G. W. 3-24 E. M. K. 3-30 Next seen 4-1 3-25 Common 4-2 3-26 Last seen 11-8 Abundance.. .... Abundant Abundant Common. Common. Year 1899. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. Observer First seen N. B. M. W. L. M. 3-17 W. L. M. 2-26 W. L. M. W.L. M. 3-1 Next seen 3-24 3-14 3-3 Common 4-15 3-24 3-21 3-15 Last seen 11-5 Abundance Common Abundant. 126. [567] Junco hyemalis (Linn. ). Slate-colored Junco.* Abundant winter resident. October 6 to May 1. Snatches of song are often heard in March and April and it has been heard singing in the fall; November 9 and 23, 1902. On November 23, 1902, a bright, sunshiny day, one of three Juncos was observed carrying dry blades of grass in its beak. It always gave them up in favor of new ones every little while and did not put many of them in the same place. On this same day a Junco was also heard singing a quite loud and pleas- ing song. This occurrence should probably be classed with those phenomena which were discussed under the heading, "A Revival of Sex- ual Instinct" in "The Auk" a year or more ago. A similar thing has been noticed in the case of the English Sparrow. One was seen nest- building November 6, 1902. Where there are weeds there are Juncos. But briary fence rows, and thicketed gullies are centers of density in the Junco population. Ill) MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1*92. 18^9. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. Observer First seen C.H.B. 10-6 E.M.K. N.B.M. W.L.M. W.L.M. W.L.M. 10-12 W. L. M. Next seen 10-7 10-14 Common 10-20 10-19 Last seen 4-21 4-6 4-14 4-27 5-1 Abundance... Abundant. Abundant. Abundant. Abundant. Abundant. 127. [575a] Peucxa .vsto'valis bachmanil (And. ). Bachman's Sparrow. Common migrant and not uncommon summer resident. April 6, — . "April 24, 1884, Prof. W. S. Blatchley took two Bachman's Sparrows from a brush-pile in Monroe i County. That was its first record there. It appeared regularly thereafter between April 6 (1885) and April 29 (1886). In 1886 two sets of eggs and perhaps a half-dozen taken (Evermann)" [A W. Butler]. Song April 7, 1903. Common April 12, 1903; 31 of these birds were seen in a single high, brushy meadow. Here and in clearings where there are many oak saplings and in the uneven pastures where rosebushes and stunted cedars are plentiful, Bachman's Sparrow is most often found. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1884. 1885. 1886 1887 1902 1903 Observer First seen . . .... W.S. B. 4-24 C.H.B. 4-6 C.H.B. 4-29 G. G. W. 4-27 W.L.M. 4-19 W.L.M. 4-7 Next seen 4-26 5-8''-' 4-28 4-20 4-8 Common 4-12 Last seen Abundance Not rare Not rare Rare *G.G.W. 128. [581] Melospiza cinerea melodia (Wils.). Song Sparrow.* Fig. 20. Abundant during migration; common at other times but more so in winter than in summer. The Song Sparrow is not a common breeder here. The most common songster, whose value is enhanced by his habit of singing when most other birds are silent. The writer has heard Song 120 Sparrows singing every month in the year. Following are dates when their song was heard in this locality, for ten months of the year: 9-28; 10-12; 11-8; 12-14, '02; 1-21; 2-22; 3-4; 4-4; 5-1; 6-9, '03. On April 8, 1900, one was observed singing during flight. Though not a performer of intri- cate music, nor ostentatious either in his lay or his pretty self, to the person to whom are familiar our country lanes as they appear in the cool, quiet duskiness of vernal evenings, this domestic songster is the most welcome and the most cheerful and cheering of singing birds. May 3, 1903, nest and four young in a small, thick cedar in a sink- hole (C. G, L.). Many nests and eggs are found during the first week in June. 129. [583] Mefospiza lincolnii (And. ). Lincoln's Sparrow. Rare migrant; probably a more common and regular one, however, than can be inferred from the data at hand. MIGRATION RECORD. Year ;. 1885. 1885. Observer . . . C.H.B. 5-3 5-5 C.H.B. 10-10 10-11 First seen .. Next seen . . Common .... Last seen 10-25 Not common Abundance Not common 130. [584] Melospiza georgiana (Ij&th.). Swamp Sparrow. Common migrant. March 5 to April 29, October 2 to November 3. "Reported by B. W. Evermann in winter, not seen by me before March 19" (W. S. B.). There is a possibility that the Swamp Sparrow is an occasional summer resident. A nest in the University collection from this locality is identified as belonging to this bird. In speaking of the breeding grounds, A. W. Butler says: "There it sings its song, but during the migrations it is songless." P. J Hartman and the writer saw and heard the Swamp Sparrow singing during a steady drizzling rain March 8, 1903, the first date for the bird in that year. 121 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885 1886 1887 1895 Observer ~.\ . . . C H. B. W. S. B. G. G. W. Butler First seen 10-17 3-19 3-26 3-5 Next seen 10-28 Common . La'tseen .... 11-3 4-19 Abundance Common. Year ....... 1902. 1902. 1903. 1903. Observer 7 ...".. First seen W.L.M. 3-26 W. L. M. 10-12 W.L. M. 3-8 W. L. M. Next seen 3-27 3-9 Common.. . Last seen 4-24 10-26 4-29 10-2 Abundance Common. Common. Common. Common. 131. [585] Passerella Uiaca (Merr.). Fox Sparrow.* Common to abundant migrant. February 20 to May 16. October 5 to November 28. Rare winter resident. January 17, 1903. In winter they are very restricted in their range. Though seen several times from November 28, 1902, to March 8, 1903, none were seen outside of a portion of the valley of Griffey Creek about one fourth of a mile long. The ex- ceedingly late date, May 16, 1903, is a record of six or seven Fox Spar- rows seen by the Nature Study Class and the writer along a creek bottom in the extreme eastern part of the county. "It is said to have a clear, loud, melodious voice, and to sing a sweet song, which I have never heard, but hope to some spring, as they should occasionally give us a foretaste of the musical treat that is wasted— humanly speaking— on the uninhabited Hudson Bay Region" (A. W. Butler). The song of the Fox Sparrow is indeed loud and melodious and is in tone similar to that of the Chewink. I have heard it singing every spring that I have made observations in this locality. P. J. Hartman and myself heard the song many times during the spring of 1903. They began singing March 9. The bulk departed April 12, 1885 (C. H: B.). 122 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1884. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1892. 1895. Observer ... First seen C.H. E. 3-19 C.H. B. 3-18 C.H. B. 10-0 B.W.E. G.G. W. W. S. B. 3-14 E. M.K. A.B.U. 2 20 A.W.B. Nest seen 3-27 10-14 3-16 2 27 Common 3-31 Last seen . . . 4-19 11 3 Q_OC 0_9A 4 20 Abundance Common Rare Year 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 Observer First seen W.L.M. 3-24 W. L. M. 3-1 W.L.M. W.L.M. W. L. M. Next seen 3-2 Common .. 3-23 10-5 3-8 Last seen 4 16 10 98 5 16 11 22 Abundance 132. [587] Pip-flu cnitki-ophthalmu* (Linn. ). Towhee.* Fig. 21. Abundant migrant and summer resident; common winter resident. There is always a noticeable period in spring when Chewinks are very scarce. This is probably due to the departure of our winter residents before the arrival of migrants and summer residents. A marked example of this period of scarcity is found in the record for the spring of 1902. Up to the fifteenth of February, males and females were common and present in about equal numbers. From this date until the ninth of March, no Chewinks were seen. On the latter date, and for nearly a week there- after, although males were present, no females were seen. But on the twenty-fourth of March both sexes were equally abundant and the season of song was at its height. Thus in this spring there was a period twenty-three days in length when they were absent; a period of a week when males only were present; and finally another period ot fifteen days during which the arrival of other birds brought the numbers up to the usual summer abundance. This hiatus is more or less marked in every 123 year's record. That the males migrate first to the breeding ground is also upheld by all other available data. MIGRATION RECORD. Year. Male. Female. Observer. 1885 3-14 4-1 C. H.B. 1886 2-22* 3-9 W.S. B. 1902 3-9 3-16 W. L. M. !B. W. E. The Chewink begins singing early. The first perfect song was heard March 1, 1903. On February 20, however, and again on March 1, two of these birds were found rehearsing in low tones. The first was scratching among some briars and was going over his spring song very softly. The notes were exactly the same; the only difference was in the volume and the tone which seemed to express contentment rather than ecstacy. The other one, heard on the first of March, was sitting in some cedar brush with his feathers ruffled up, his bill sunk in his breast muttering his score. This whole effort was accomplished in rather a drowsy manner and he was so oblivious to his surroundings, that he was not frightened by the presence of a human being within three feet of him. Immediately after this, I heard another Chewink give the song perfectly from the top of a chestnut tree. It was a beautiful chant and seemed unusually attractive on this rainy March morning. The same habit of rehearsal has been observed in several other birds, among which are the Song Sparrow, White-throated Sparrow and brown Thrasher. Nest and three eggs found April 15, '03. Birds hatched on June 11» 1901, had flown June 19 (W. L. H.).A very late date is given by B. W. Evermann. "August 19, 1881, I found a Chewink's nest containing three fresh eggs, built at least three feet from the ground in a spice bush. Such is not common I believe." (Orn. and Ool., 1881.) 133. [593] Cardinal cardinal/* (Linn.). Cardinal.* Fig. 22. Abundant resident. Mating February 18, 1901; March 23, 1903. Nestlmilding April 12, 1903, but, on the same date a nest was found which contained three eggs. This was afterwards ascertained to be the full set. 124 The Cardinal is another one of those cheery birds which may be heard singing at all times of the year. Some winter dates of singing are: 10-19; 11-9, '02 and 1-1; 2-8, '03. On February 13, 1903, I heard a Cardinal sing- ing from the top of a cedar tree at 6 a. m., and on passing the same place at 7 a. m. found him still at his music. 134. [595] Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linn. ). Rose- breasted Grosbeak.* Common migrant. "But few breed here" (B. W. E.). Although the Rose-breasted Grosbeak has been reported a summer resident from locali- ties farther south than this (St. Louis, Cincinnati), such an occurrence is very unusual. The only record of its making its summer home at Blooinington is that of B. W. Evermann in 1886. Song May 8, 1903. The date, November 12, 1888, is from an uncatalogued specimen in the Museum of Indiana University which was collected by a Mr. Chambers. The males seem to arrive earlier and depart later than the females. Neither so common nor so early a migrant now as formerly. MIGRATION RECORD. Year. 1885. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. Observer First seen C.H.B. c?4-23 C.H.B. P4-30 C.H.B. 9-11 B. W. E. 4 23 G. G. W. 4 28 Next seen 4-26 5-5 9-17 4-24* Common 5-6 5 6 9-18 5-4 Last seen 6-16 5-15 10-10 5-4 Abundance Abundant. Abunda.nt. Abundant. Common. *W. S. B. Year 1888 1901 1902 1903 Observer Chambers W L M W. L M. W.L.M. First seen .... ... .... 5-7 5-5 5-7 Next seen 5-8 Common Last seen 11-12 Abundance Common 125 135. [598] Cyanospiza cyanea (Linn. ). Indigo Bunting.* Abundant summer resident. April 13 to October 17; which are the limits of its stay in the State. Song April 29, '03; also heard as late as August 9, in a latitude but little south of this. May 19, '03, nest and one egg found in a small bush along a road (C. G. L.). The males migrate from a few days to two weeks in advance of the females. MIGRATION RECOED. Year 1885. 1885. 1885. 1882. 1886. 1887. 1892. Observer... First seen ... Next seen C. H. B. d"4-25 5-2 C. H.B. 4 Common 5-10 5-1 Last seen 10-2 Abundance Abundant. Abundant Abundant Year 1895 1899 1%1 1902 1903 Observer ' First seen A. W. B. 5-4 N. B. M. 5-11 W. L. M. W.L. M. 5-4 W.L. M. Next seen 5-13 5 10 Common 5-16 5-15 5-10 5-16 Last seen Abundance Common Common Abundant 187. [608] Piranya m/th'-omelax Vieill. Scarlet Tariager.* Common migrant. Moderately common summer resident (B. W. E.? '87). April 22 to September 19. Song and mating April 29, 1903. Usually the males arrive before the females, sometimes as much as a week in advance. They arrive at the same time, however, in some years- B. W. EVermann says that this species was moderately common here in the spring of 1881. Six were seen on one morning in May. lie says that this was the farthest north it had been reported in the State up to that time. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1882 1885 1885 1885 1886 Observer B W E C H B C II B C If ]3 B. W. E.. First see» 5-6 0^4-26 P5-3 G. G. W_ 4-99 Next seen Common 4-28 5-10 5-9 5-10 4-23: •l-9t Last seen 9 19 Abundance Common 127 "Year 1887. 1892. 1902 1903. Observer | C. H.B. C. H.B. W.L. M. 4-30 4-28 5-4 Last seen 9-28 Abundance .... ... Rare. Rare. Rare. 150. [627] Vireo gilvm (Vieill.). Warbling Vireo.* Common summer resident. April 21 to October JO. Song April 28, 1903. 135 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1855 1835 1886 1837 1892 1903 Observer First seen Next seen C.H. B. 4-21 4-22 C.H.B. C.H.B. B. W.E. 4-25 4-27 G. G. W. 4-28 A.B.U. 5-7 W. L. M. 4-28 4-29 Coui mon 4-28 4 28 Last seen 10-10 Abundance Abundant Common 151. [628] Vir<-o tf<«->,fr< >ux Vieill. Yello w- throated Vireo.* Common migrant. April 16 to May 13; September 1 to October 19; the extreme dates are the limits of its residence in the State. Perhaps rare summer resident; its nest was found in Brown County, May 16, 1897 (V. H. B.). Song April 29, 1903. In the fall of 1902 Yellow-throated Vireos were found wherever there was undergrowth. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885 1885 1886 1887 1896 Observer C H B C H B B. W.E. G G W A W B First seen Next seen 4-20 4-22 9-12 9-15 C. H. B. 4-16 4-17 4-25 4-20 Co nun on Last seen 5-13 9-28 Abundance Common. Common. Year 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. 1903. Observer First seen . W. L. M. 5-6 W. L. M. 4-25 W. L. M. 9 1 W. L. M. 4 24 W.L.M. Next seen. 4-27 10 5 4 28 Common . ... 10-19 Last seen 10-1 Q 9-29 Abundance 136 152. [629] Vireo solitarius (Wils. }. Blue-headed Vireo. Rather uncommon migrant. April 28 to May 17. September 10 to 28. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886 1892 1895 1903 Observer C.H. B. C.H. B. G G. W E. M K ABU W L M First seen Next seen 4-28 4-30 9-16 9-18 5-1 5-9 4-28 4-29 5-13 Common Last seen 5-17 9-28 5-13 Abundance Rare Rare 153. [631] Vireo noveboracensit (Gmel. ). White-eyed Vireo. Fig. 24. Abundant summer resident. April 17 to September 20. Song April 28, 1903, to September 20, 1903. May 5, 1903, a nest was nearly completed. It was found along a narrow, little-frequented road, and was attached on one side to a cedar limb, and to a blackberry vine on the other. It was about four feet high. On April 11, this nest contained two Cowbird's eggs and one of the Vireo (C. G. L.). Abundant and vociferous in the spring migration. Every thicket is filled with the jargon of its song. The date of April 17, 1903, is given on the authority of a Nature Study Class. MIGRATION RECORD. Year ... 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. Observer First seen C. H. B. 4-21 C.H.B. C.H.B. B.W. E. G. G. W. 4-25 G. G. W. 4-25 A.B.U. 5-7 Next seen . . 4-22 4-28 4-26 Common 4-25 5-8 4-30 Last seen 9-2 Abundance Common. Common. Common. Common. 137 Year 1893. 1899. 1900. 1903. 1903 Observer First seen Next seen E.M.K. 4-30 5-6 N.B. M. 5-1 5-4 N.B.M. 4-21 W.L.M. 4-17* 4-24 W. L. M. Common 4-29 Last seen 9-20 Abundance . . '•'•See above. 154. [636] Mniotilta varia (Linn. ). Black and White Warbler.* Common migrant and rare summer resident. Considered a common summer resident in 1886 by C. H. Bollmann. April 7 to October 4. Song April 28, 1903. In spring you will find this striped vision only on the trunks of the larger forest trees. Although you are searching for him and feel sure of his presence, the actual discovery is always a surprise. This little flake of sharply contrasted colors makes its appearance so quickly that we find it difficult to realize that it is not a piece of bark suddenly possessed of life, but our own dear .'ittle Black and White Creeper that is before us. In Autumn he is more democratic and is often found in lowly thickets. Is it not because we are sated with discovery, that the thrill of last spring is not felt when this leader of the band of wood warblers is espied? Is it not because we have met the timid glance of the rare Cape May, or the gaudy Magnolia through the interlacing branches, or that here the Redstart spins his glowing pin-wheel, that the Black and White Warbler is not again hailed as a distinguished visitor when we see him in September clinging to the slender stem of the hazel, inspecting its sur- face or gracefully reaching out for the slow-descending caterpillar? Yes, we think the reason lies with the observer and not with the observed; for we are surely not at our best when we slight our tiny friend ever so little in the greeting. He remains always the most at- tractive, the most dear of his wooclsv clan. 138 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1893. C. H. B. C. H. B. G. G. W. G. G. W. E. M.K. 4-17 C. H. B. 4-17 4-20 4-7 4-18 4-18 4-27 4-24 9-28 Common. Common. Common. Year 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. Observer W. L.M. 5-4 W.L. M. 4-27 W. L. M. 9-1 W'. L. M. 4 24 9-7 4-28 4-28 10-4 Common. Common. Common. 155. [637] Protonotaria citira (Bodd. ). Prothonotary Warbler. Rare migrant. "Mr. Chauncey Juday reports it from Monroe County, where a specimen was taken at Harrodsburg, April 26, 1895" (A. W. Butler). E. M. Kindle reported it May 28, 1892. As nests and eggs of this species have been taken in other parts of the State at an earlier date than this, it is possible that the Prothonotary Warbler may be found here as a rare summer resident. 156. [639] Ilelnutheros vermivorus (Gmel. ). Worm-eating Warbler. Common migrant and "rather common summer resident" (B. W. E.). April 20 to August 31. Song May 4, 1902. "Prof. W. S. Blatchley took a nest and six fresh eggs, and one of the Cowbird, near Bloornington, May 12, 1886. The nest was at the base of a clump of ferns, and was composed of the leaves of 'Maiden Hair' fern. The next day Prof. B. W. Evermann took a nest from a similar location, containing five of the owner's eggs and two of the Cowbird" (A. W. Butler). Common in the fall of 1903 in the undergrowth along creeks. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1902. 1903. Observer C.H.B. C. H. B. W. S. B. W.L. M. W. L. M. 4-20 B. AY . E. 5-1 4-27 4-28 Next seen 4-21 5-4 5-4 4-28 La-t seen 8-3 1 Abundance Common. Common. Rare. Common. Common. 157. [641] Hcliiiiitthoiilttla pinus (Linn.). Blue- winged Warbler.* Abundant migrant. Rare summer resident (C. H. B.— B. W. E.). April 19 to September 28. Song April 19, 1903. Orchards and open woods are the favorite haunts of the Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. On a bright day after a rainy morning in April, 1903, warblers of this species were observed to move from one part of the country to another about three miles away in from six to eight hours. In the morning they were plentiful in the orchard and clearings south of the city, while none were to be observed anywhere north of town. In the afternoon these conditions were reversed, they were common and singing in the orchards north of town, while they were entirely absent in the places where they had been seen in the morning. Their movements even for the shortest distances were always in the same direction, they flew from limb to limb, from tree to tree, in the same general trend, toward the north. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1902. 1902. 1903. Observer First seen C.H.B. 4-20 C.H.B. B. W. E. 4-27 G. G. W. 4-28 W. L. M. 4-23 W. L; M. W. L.M. 4-19 Next seen . . 4-28 4-29 4-28 4 19 Last seen 8-31 9-98 Abundance. . . Rare. Rare. Common. Common. Common. Abundant. 140 158. [642] Helminthophila chrysoptqra (Linn. ). Golden-winged Warbler. Very rare migrant. April 27, 1887 (G. G. W.); 28, 1901; May 4, 1886 (G. G. W.). 159. [645] Helminthophila rubricapilla (Wils.). Nashville Warbler.* "Common in spring, abundant in fall" (C. H. B., 1886). "In Monroe County it was rather common, April 27 to May 1, 1886 (Evermann,. Blatchley)" [A. W. Butler]. During the last few years the Nashville Warbler has been a more rare bird than the above quotations indicate. One or two records in a migration has been as much as could be hoped for concerning this species. April 24 to May 11. August 26 to October 10. MIGRATION RECORD. Year . 1885. 1885. 1886 1899 Observer C. H.B. C.H. B. B. W. E. N B M, First seen 4-25 8-26 W. S. B. 4-27 5-5 Next seen 4-26 9-22 Common Last seen 5-11 10-10 5-1 Abundance Common. Abundant. Common. Year.. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1903. Observer First seen C.H.E. 4-29 W.L.M. 4-24 W. L. M. 4-29 W.L. M. Next seen Last seen 10-2 Abundance Rare Rare. Rare. Rare 160. [646] Helminthophila celata (Say). Orange- crowned Warbler. Very rare migrant. One record; May 4, 1885 (C. H. B.). 161. [647] Helminthophila pcregrina ( Wils. ). Tennessee Warbler.* "Not common in spring, abundant in fall" (C. H. B., 1886). April 26 to May 16. August 30 to October 17. "At Bloomington, both Profs. Blatchley and E'vermann thought it less numerous than the Nashville Warbler" (A. W. Butler). Decidedly the reverse is the case now. One 141 may observe in spring a hundred of the present species to one of the Nashville Warbler, and in fall a thousand. The Tennessee Warblers, in the latter season, literally fill all the trees, whether the neatly-trimmed maples along the city streets or the magnificent oaks of the forest. The underbrush is alive with them, they are in the weeds, in briars, and in the stubble. Swamp and hilltop, cultivated field and forest, alike, are animated by the hordes of Tennessee Warblers. They are everywhere. MIGRATION RECOED. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1890. 1900. 1903. 1903. Observer C. H. B. 4-26 C.H.B. 4-30 C.H.B 4-27 A. W. B N. B. M. W.L. M. W.L. M. 4-30 9-4 9-11 5-3 Last seen 5-14 10-7 5-10 5-12 5-16 10-2 Abundance Rare. Abundant. Rare. Common Rare. Abundant. 162. [648a] Compsothlypis americana usnese Brewster. Northern Parula Warbler. Rare migrant. In accordance with A. W. Butler's precedent, birds from Monroe County are referred to this subspecies. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1886. C H B G. G.W. 4-21 W. S. B. 4-24 Next seen 4-27 Rare Rare. 163. [650] Dendroica tigrina (Gmel. ). Cape May Warbler. Rather rare migrant. April 22 to May 11. September 27 to October 7. In the fall of 1903, the writer observed this species and the Tennes- 142 see Warbler puncturing grapes. They thrust their bills into the grapes and after poking around inside a" little lifted their heads and acted as if drinking. After being punctured, the grapes, of course, shrivelled and became worthless. Scarcely a grape, and not a cluster were missed in the arbor under observation. The damage, however, was not great, as the birds did not begin their depredations until after the owners had harvested as much of the crop as they desired. The males arrive and depart earlier than the females. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1885. 1886 1899. 1903 Observer First seen C.II.B. cT4-22 C.II.B. P4-24 C. H.B. 9-27 C. H. B. G. G.W. 4-24 N.B. M. W. L. M. 4-23 4-30 5-1 5-5 Last seen 5-8 5-11 10-7 5-5 5-8 9-29 Rare. Rare. Rare. Rare. Rare 164. [652] Dendfoicx u-xtira (Gmel.). Yellow Warbler.* Abundant summer resident. April 12 to August 24. . S'ong April 26, 1903; mating April 27. Nest and eggs May 4, 1902. May 30, 1903. Nest with four, well-incubated eggs, in the top fork of a small plum tree about 20 feet from the ground (C. G. L.). Very common in orchards; a persistent songster. The earliest record for the State is April 4, 1894 (E. M. K.), from Brown County. MIGRATION RECORD. Year.. 18C5. 1885. J886 1887 1892 Observer C II. B. C. H. B B. W. E. C H B G G W ABU First seen 4-21 G. G. W. 4-22 4-25 4 3Q Next seen 4-22 4-°' 3 Common Last een Abundaene 4-24 Abundant 8-24 Abundant 5-1 Rare. ....'''.. 143 Year 1893. 1S99. 1901. 1902. 1903. Observer E. M.K. 4-26 N.B.M. 4-29 W.L.M. 5-6 W. L. M. 4-19 W. L. M. 4-12 4-23 4-24 Common 4-26 4-29 4-27 4-27 Common. Common. Common. Abundant. 165. [654] Dendroica curHlwrnx (Gmel, ). Black- throated Blue Warbler. Rather uncommon migrant. April 30 to May 13. September 1 to October 4. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1902. 1903. Observer First seen C. H.B. 4-30 5-3 C. H. B. 9-18 G. G. W. 5-7 G. G. W. 5-2 W.L.M. 9-1 9-28 W.L.M. 4-30 Last seen 5-13 10-4 5-12 Rare Rare Rare 166. [655] Dendroica coronata (Linn.). Myrtle Warbler.* Common migrant and not rare winter resident. September 24 to May 13. First in full plumage March 25, 1903. In winter this species seems to prefer certain restricted localities; most of the individuals that have been seen here in winter have been found in a dense pine and cedar grove, but in the winter of 1902-1903, some were seen at two other places— an open forest near a pond and an old orchard. Recorded as wintering in 1882-3; 1884-5; 1885-6; 1886-7; 1891-2; 1892-3; 1899-1900; 1900-01; 1902-3. The record of the appearance of individuals in different stages of plumage for a year is as follows: those seen at intervals through January, February and part of March were in the usual winter dress. On the tenth of March (1903) the first change was noted. A single Yellowrurnp 144 was found in some bushes along a street in town. The side-spots were large and brilliant as was also- the rump. The back had the sharply denned black and gray streaking, but the head and breast were as in winter. March 21, a specimen in winter plumage was seen; March 23, two individuals, one in full plumage with the exception of the crown- spot which was somewhat obscured by dark tips to the feathers, the other in the usual autumnal and winter garb. March 25, four Myrtle Warblers were seen, and of these, one had the winter plumage, two had yellow crown and rump but no side-spots, and one was brilliant in a new and complete spring suit. March 27, one with winter colors; March 30, one in complete and one in winter plumage; April 1, two like the last. April 3, three specimens with all the spots showing but only dimly on the sides and crown. After April 3 all mentioned are in full plumage unless otherwise stated. April 5, two, one in winter dress; April 8, four, one in winter plumage; April 11, four; April 12, twelve; April 14, three, two of which were clothed as in winter; April 15, four; April 19, six, one looking just as he did in January, and he was the last one observed in this plumage, although of twenty-one seen on April 28, two were still in transition stages of plumage. Thus fifty days elapsed between the first and last observed changes in plumage, and, half as many days passed between the appearance of summer dress and the vanishing of winter garb. In the fall the first yellowrumps were seen on October 12 (1902). Of thirty individuals, one had the sides yellow, while all of the others had already assumed the sombre shades of winter plumage. October 26, fourteen of these birds were observed and one was still in nearly perfect summer condition, the crown and sides being only slightly dusted with darker. All others seen during the remainder of the year were in ordi- nary winter plumage. From these observations it may be seen that, although about eight months are consumed in the change from winter, through summer, back to winter plumage again, by the species as a whole, yet it is possible that some individuals may complete this cycle of changes in six months. On December 14, 1902, a Myrtle Warbler was seen flying in somewhat wide sweeps, like a flycatcher, but, hovering, he gleaned from the trees, fences and the ground, and not from the air. 145 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 188*. 1884. •1885. 1885. 1885. 1887. Observer B. W.E C.H. E. C. H.B. C.H. B. C.H.B. G.G.W. First seen 2-10 3-21 cfl-31 P4-25 9-24 2- Next seen 4-17 5-2 4-30 5-8 9-25 10-7 5-11 5-13 5-4 Abundance Common. Abundant Abundar t Abundant. Common. Year 1892. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. Observer A.B. U. N. B. M. W.L.M. C.II.E W.L. M. W.L.M. W.L.M. First seen 2-19 3-23 10-12 Next seen 3-31 3-38 10-26 Common 4-29 10-12 4-12 La> t seen 4-29 5-1 4-27 5-3 Common Common Common Common. Common. 167. [657] Dendroica macidosa (Gmel. ). Magnolia Warbler.* Rather common migrant. May 5 to 24. August 31 to October 4. In woods with undergrowth, you will find this warbler spying upon you from the lower limbs of the maples and beeches, or peeping through the net- work of leaves and branches of the thickets. He always has the attitude of peering. His black spectacles set off with white dots only enhance this expression. Females were not seen until May 8, 1885. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887 1889 1902 Observer First seen C.H.B. 5-5 C.H.B. 8-31 G.G. W. 5-8 G. G. W. 5-5 N. B.M. 5-10 W. L. M. 9-1 Next seen 5-8 9-6 5-14 9 7 Common 9-12 9-28 Last seen 5-24 9-19 5-14 10-4 Abundance Common. Common. Rare. 10— A. OF SCIENCE, '04. 146 168. [658] Dendroica cerulea (Wils.). Cerulean Warbler. Common migrant; not common summer resident (G. G. W.— N. B. M.). The males precede the females in migration. MIGRATION EECORD. Year 1885 1885 1886 1887 C. H B C H.B W.S.B. G G W First seen . . c?4-28 P5-9 C. H. B. 4-23 4-27 Next eeen . . ... . .... 5-4 5-10 4-24 4-28 Common .... Last seen . Abundance Com noon. Common. Common . Common. Year 1892. 1900. 1901. 1903 Observer A.B.U N.B. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. First seen .... .... '4-30 5-5 5-4 4-28 Next seen 5-7 Common .... Last seen Abundance Common. Common. Common. 169. [659] Dendroica perwylvanica (Linn. ). Chestnut-sided Warbler. Rather common migrant. April 21 to May 10. August 28 to September 15. The first migrants are males. MIGRATION RECORD. Year . 1885. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1892. 1901. 1902. 1903. Observer First seen Next seen C. H. B. c?4-21 4-28 C.H. B. P4-28 4-30 C.H. B. 8-28 8-29 G. G.W. B.W.E. 5-4 5-8 A.B.U. 5-7 C.H.E. 4-29 W.L.M. 5-5 AV.L.M. 5-7 Common 8-31 Last seen . 5-10 9-15 Abundance Common Common Common Common Rare. 147 170. [660] Dendroica castanea (Wils. ). Bay-breasted Warbler. Rather rare migrant. April 29 to May 13. September 18 to October 10. The limiting dates each extend the recorded period of its stay in Indiana one day. MIGEATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1886. 1903. 1903. Observer . C H B B. W. E. W L M W L M First seen 9-18 G. (T. W. 5-4 4-29 Next seen 9-19 5-6 Common 10-3 Last seen 10-10 5-8 5-13 10-3 Abundance Hare Rare Rare 171. [661] Dendroica xtriata (Forst.). Black -poll Warbler. Rather rare migrant. April 28 to May 19. September 18 to October 26. The last date for the species in 1885, May 19, was the date of arrival of the females. October 26, is the latest record for this State. The last one taken in 1903 was a female. MIGRATION RECORD. Year ... 1885 1885 1902 1903 Observer C H B C H B W L M W L M First seen 4-28 9 18 Next seen 5-13 9-19 Common 9-25 Last seen 5-19 10-12 10-26 5 13 Abundance Rare Rare Rare 172. [662] Dendroica blarkhuntfiv (Gmel. ). Blackburiiian Warbler. Rather rare migrant. April 21 to May 14. August 27 to October 10. 148 MIGRATION RECORD. Year ... 1885. 1885 18*5 1886 Observer . C. H. B. C. H. B. C. H B B W E First seen c?4-21 P5-13 8-27 4-27 Next seen 5-2 5-14 8-30 Common Last seen 5-14 5-14 10-10 Abundance Common Common Rare Rare Year 1892 1901 1902 1903 Observer ABU. W L M W. L M W L M First seen 5-7 5-7 9-1 4-28 Next seen Common . .... Last seen .... . Abundance Rare. Rare. Rare. 173. [663a] Dendroica dominica albilora Ridgw. Sycamore Warbler.* Common migrant; not uncommon summer resident (B. W. E., '87). April 12 to October 9. Song and mating April 12, 1903. On September 18, 1902, it seemed that every shade tree in town con- tained five or six of these birds; sometimes they descended and fed for a short time in the lawns. Some were also seen feeding upon ragweeds. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1892. 1893. Observer C. H. B. C. H. B. B. W. E. E. W. K. E. W.K. First seen 4-21 A. W. B. 4-14 4-21 4-16 4-24 4-16 4-27 5-16 9-27 Abundance Common Rare. 149 Year 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. W. L. M. W.L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. 5-5 4-23 4-12 4-27 4-19 4-23 9-28 4-28 10-9 Abundance. . . Common. Common. Common. Common. 174. [667] Dendroica . viirw (Gmel.). Black-throated Green Warbler.* Abundant migrant. April 18 to May 1C. September 1 to October 17. These dates indicate a longer stay in this county than has heretofore been recorded for the State. In spring this species is nearly confined to the woods, in fall it is found everywhere. The males arrive and depart earlier than the females. MIGRATION EECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. Observer C. H. B. C.H. B. C. H. B. G. a. w. C. H. B. G. G.W. E. M.K. First seen c?4-20 £5-5 9-11 B.W. E. 4-18 4-25 Next seen 4-21 5-9 9-12 4-22 4-28 ( 'ommon 5-9 5-9 9-18 4-23 Last seen 5-13 5-14 10-17 5-4 5-7 5 7 Abundance Abundant Abundant Abundant Year . . 1901. 1902 1902 1903 1903 Observer W.L. M. W. L. M. W. L M. W. L. M W L. M First seen 9-1 4-27 Next seen 9-7 4-28 Common .. . . 4-27 Last seen .... 5-7 5-4 10-5 5-16 10-2 Abundance Common. Common. Common. Abundant 150 175. [671] Dendroica vigorsii, (And. ). Pine Warbler. Rare migrant. April 23-26. September 7-29. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886 1902 1903 Observer First seen C. H.B. 4-23 C.H.B. W.S. B. 4-C6 W.L. M. W. L. M. Next seen Common Last seen 9-27 9-7 9-29 Abundance Rare Rare Rare Rare 176. [672] Dendroica palmamm (Gmel. ). Palm Warbler.* Common migrant. April 2d to May 13. September 22-27. "Rare in 188G but usually a common migrant" (-C. H. B., '86). Found in orchards and open woods. The males appear to migrate slightly in advance of the females. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885 1885 1885 1886 Observer First seen Next seen . C.H.B. J4-23 4-25 C.H.B. P4-25 5-2 C.H.B. 9-22 C.H.B. W. S. B. G. G.W. 4 24 4-26 Common 5-3 5-3 Last seen 5-13 5-13 9-27 5-6 Abundance : Common. Common. Not Common. Rare. Year 1887 1902. 1903. Observer . . . .... G.G. W. W.L.M. W. L. M. Fir&t seen . .... 4-27 4-30 Next seen . . 5-1 5-3 Last seen 5-4 5-5 Abundance Rare. Common. 151 177. [673] Dendfoica discolor (Vieill. ). Prairie Warbler. Rare migrant. April 26 to May 16. Song May 12 and 16, 1903. Has always been found in deeply-thicketed woods. MIGRATION RECORD. 1885. 1900. 1903. Observer C. H.B. 4-26 N. B. M. 5 5 W. L. M. 5-12 5-16 Rare Rare. 178. [674] Sehii-nx aurompilhuf (Linn. ). Oven-bird. Common summer resident. April 19 to October 12. Formerly abund- ant (€. H. B., 1886). MIGRATION RECORD. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1901. C. H B. C. H. B. C. U.B. W. L. M. 4-19 4-22 5-7 Next seen Common . 4-20 4-25 4-24 10-3 Abundant Abundant. Common. Common. 1902 1902. 1903. 1903. Observer W. L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. 4-90 4-28 10-12 9-20 Common. Common. Common. Common. 152 179. [675) Seiurus noveboracemis (Gmel. ). Water- Thrush. Common migrant. March' 27 to May 5. September 14 to 18. Song April 12, 1903. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886 1887 1900 1902 1903 Observer First seen Next seen C.H. B. 4-3 4-4 C.H. B. 9-14 G.G. W. 4-17 4-23 G. G. W. 4-11 4-12 X.B.M. 4-17 5-5 W.L.M. 3-27 4-10 - W. L. M. 4-12 4-16 Common 4-5 4-17 4-28 La/st seen 4-21 9-18 4-23 5-5 Abundance Abundant Common Common Common Common 180. [675a] Seiums noueboracemis notabili* (Ridgw. ). GrinnelPs Water- Thrush. Rare migrant. A specimen taken April 23, 1886, by G. G. Williamson is referred to this form. Probably Grmnell's Water-Thrush will be found to be as numerous as the last when more specimens are obtained for exact identification. The differences are rather slight and more relative than absolute, and as the birds seem to vary considerably, it is no wonder that there has been no distinction made between the two forms in the migration records. A specimen of this Water-Thrush taken at Indianapolis, May 14, 1875 (D. S. Jordan), shows a variation in a generic character. All parts of definitions of the genus Selurus and of keys referring to the tail feathers are substantially as the following from Ridgway (1902): "Inner webs of lateral rectrices without white terminal spot." The individual under consideration has distinctly marked, white, terminal spots on the first and second outer rectrices of the right side, and slight indications of spots on the two opposite, outermost tail feathers. 181. [676] tieiurm motacilla (Vieill. ). Louisiana Water-Thrush. Rather common summer resident. March to September 1. Song April 12, 1903. May 10, 1903, nest and six eggs, among rocks and roots above the mouth of a cave (C. G. L.). June 3, 1901, nest of leaves, grass-lined, under an overhanging ledge (at the same place). It contained six young (W. L. H.). All the tangled ravines and cascaded cave outlets ring with the striking song of the Louisiana Water-Thrush in April and early May. 153 A specimen labeled, Bloomington, March, 1885, Foster Hight, is in the University collection. It has been recorded as early in Indiana at least once before (March 30, '96— Sedan), but such dates are rare. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1886. 1901. 1902 1902. . 1903. C H B G. G.W. B W E W L M W L M W L M W L.M. First seen Next seen 4-18 4-19 W.S. B. 4-4 4-10 4-12 4-13 4-20 4-5 4-7 4 25 4 27 Last seen. 9-1 Abundance Common. Common Common. Common. Common. 182. [677] Geothlypisformosa (Wila.). Kentucky Warbler. Common summer resident. April 13 to August 26. Song May 3, 1903. "They were found breeding near Bloomington, May 6, 1886 (Evermann), where young were noted just out of the nest, June 4, 1886 (Blatchley)" [A. W. B.]. An inhabitant of dense, moist thickets. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1883. 1885. 1886. 1887. Observer Fir^t Qeen C.H. B. C. H. B. 5-2 B.W.E. W.S. B. 4-17 G. G. W. 5-7 5-16 4-27 8-26 Common Common. Year 1892. 1899. 1902. 1903. Observer A.B. U. 5-7 N. B. M. 4-13 W.L. M. 4-24 W. L. M. 4-28 4-15 4-27 5-3 5-13 Rare Common 154 183. [678] Geothlufjix agili* (Wils. ). Connecticut Warbler. Rare migrant (C. H. B., '80— B. W. E., '87). April 27 and May 6. 1886 (B. W. E.). May 18, 1885 (C. H. B.). 184. [679] Geothlypin Philadelphia (Wils. ). Mourning Warbler. Rare migrant. Seen on the IGth, 17th, and 27th of May, 1885, by C. H. Bollmann. 185. [681] Geothfiiiti* 1ri<-1i 1900 1901 1902 1903 1903 Observer First seen Next seen N. B. M. 4-28 4-29 N. B. M. 4-14 4-16 W. L. M. 4-28 5-3 W. L. M. W. L. M. 4-5 4-9 W.L.M. Common Last seen 4-29 4-20 55 10-5 4-28 9.90 Abundance Common. Common. Common. Common. Abundant Abundant. 194. [705] Toj-ontoma rnfuin (Linn. ). Brown Thrasher.* Figs. 25-6. Common summer resident. March 16 to October 12. Song March 20, 1903. Nest begun April 4, 1903. Nest and four eggs in a berry bush in a corner of a yard, April 20. Young out of nest May 8 (C. G. L.). Four young flying about freely May 13. Nest with 3 eggs as late as June 9, '02 (G. Hitze). One of our best songsters; most often found just on the outskirts of town. MIGRATION RECOED. Year 1884 1885 1885 1836 1887 1892 1893 Observer First seen .... Next seen C. II. E. 3-23 C. H. B. 4-4 4-5 C. H.B. W. S. B. B. W. E. G. G. W. 3-28 4-5 G. G.W. 4-12 E. M.K. A.B.U. 42 4-9 E. M. K. 4-2 4-6 Common. 4-18 4-14 4-Q 4-6 Last seen 10-3 Abundance. . . Common. Common. Common. Common. Common. Year. 1899 1°00 1901 1902 1902 1903 Observer N B M N B M \T' &' ^' W L M W L M W L M First seen 4-16 V. H B. 4-23 4-7 3-16 3-20 Next seen 4-19 4-10 3-24 3-21 Common 4-21 4-14 4-23 4 3 Last seen 10-12 Abundance Common. Common, j Common. Common. Common. Common. 160 195. [718] Thryothorm ludovicianus (Lath.). Carolina Wren.* Common resident. Sings at all times in the year. The Carolina Wren became common here about 1883 (B. W. E\). "It was heard nearly every day that winter." An inhabitant of dense thickets and brush-piles. Not often seen away from these places except when singing. Ordinarily a very hard bird to flush. Several times the writer has cornered a Carolina Wren in a brush-pile, and walked up to the edge of it without the bird leaving. Once, even, I walked over a brush-heap with a wren in it and the bird left only when the heap was torn to pieces. (March 3, '01). Another instance of this habit is as follows: On a cold, snowy, windy day, I was investigating the base of a hollow tree. After rummaging around on the inside for three or four minutes, I touched a Carolina Wren which then flew hastily out (February 2, '02). 196. [719] Thryoffianes bewickii (Aud. ). Bewick's Wren.* Very common summer resident. March 6 to October 12. Bewick's Wren was taken in this county as early as 1876 (Ind. Univ. Mus.). It was a common summer resident ten years later, and DOW is very common and almost entirely replaces the next species (T. aedori) which is a rather rare bird. Song March 13, 1903; breeding March 25, 1901. Nest and eight eggs in an old sack hung over a fence, April 14, 1903 (C. G. L.). Most frequently found near houses; common in the city; a persistent songster in March and April. MIGRATION RECORD, Year 1885 1885 1886 1887 1893 Observer C H B C II B G.G. W. G G W E M K First seen 4-5 W. S. B. 3-26 4-2 3-20 Next seen 4-7 4-8 4-13 Common 4-18 Last seen 9-27 Abundance 161 Year 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Observer N. B. M. N. B. M. W. L.M. W. L. M. P. J. H. WT TV* First seen 4-13 4-2 3-25 . L. M. 3-6 Next seen . 4-14 4-7 3-26 3-8 Common 4-21 4-15 3-21 10-12 Abundance Common. Common. Common. Common. Common. 197. [721.] Troglodytes aedon Vieill. House Wren.* Fig. 9. Rather rare summer resident. March 9 to September 16. The House Wren was a rare summer resident and less common than T. beurickii in 1887 (B. W. E.). A nest of the House Wren was found April 25, 1903, in a tin can sit- ting on a fence. The nest was just completed and contained no eggs (C. G. L.). May 21, 1902, seven well-feathered young were found; two days later these had flown (G. Hitze). The dates for 1901 would probably be more correctly attributed to T. bewickii. The song was heard that year on February 21 (V. H. B.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. Observer C H B C H B G G W G G W. First seen ... 4-19 5-1 4-30 Next seen 4-20 5-14 Common 5-6 Last seen 9-16 Not common Year 1892. 1901. 1903. ' Observer A. B. II. V. H. B. W.L. M. First seen E. M. K. 3-27 2-11 3-9 Next seen 3-31 2-13 4-29 Common . .... 3-18 Last seen ... Abundance Common. Rare. 11— A. OF SCIENCE, '04. 162 198. [722] Olbiorchilus hiemalis (Vieill.). Winter Wren.* Rare in winter; more common during the migrations. October 4 to May 3. Absent during the winter 1902-3. Most of the individuals departed April 19, 1885 (C. H. B.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year «... 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1900. 1901. 1903. Observer C H B C H B G G W G G W N B M V II B W L M First seen 10-4 Next seen 10-9 Common 4-4 Last seen. .. Abundance 5-3 4-24 4-20 4-17 3-3 4-30 Rare 199. [725] Telmatodytes palustris (Wils. ). Long-billed Marsh Wren. Rare migrant. May 10, 1886 (C. H. B.— G. G. W.); May 13 (B. W. E.); September 29, 1903, common. 20!). [728] Certhia familiaris americana (Bonap.) Brown Creeper.* Rare in winter, common in spring and fall (C. H. B., '86). September 27 to May 30. In April this bird may generally be found wherever there are Kinglets. Most of them departed April 20, 1885 (C. H. B.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year .... 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1899. C H B C H B G G W. G G W G G W 4-1 9-27 4-13 4-9 Next seen 4-2 10-4 4-18 4-11 Common 4-4 Last seen 4-25 5-30 4-10 Rare 163 Year 1900. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. 1892. Observer First seen N.B.M. 4-8 V. H. B. 3-9 W. L. M. 3-12 W.L.M. 11-18 W. L. M. 1-17 E.M.K. Next seen 4-12 3-18 3-27 1-18 Common 4-13 Last seen Abundance . . 4-17 Not common 4-19 Common 12-14 Common 4-12 Common 4-7 Common 201. [727] Sitta carolinensis Lath. White-breasted Nuthatch.* Common resident. Attempts at song March 8, 1902; five days earlier they were seen going in and coming out of a cavity in a tree, which they afterwards used as a nest. 202. [728] Sitta canadensis Linn. Red-breasted Nuthatch.* Common migrant and rare winter resident. September 20 to May 12. "They were found wintering at Bloomington the winters of 1882-3 and 1885-6" (Blatchley). Also winters of 1884-5; 1902-3. MIGRATION BECOKD. Year 1883 1885 1885 1886 1886 1887 BW Tf CTT T> W. S. B. B. W. E. W C« T* GP W First seen • 2-10 1-31 C.H.B. 10-2 W.S.B. 2-22 Next seen 2-2 10-7 2-23 Common Last seen 5-12 11-25 4-24 12-21 5-7 Abundance Rare Not Not Not Common Common. Common. Common. Year 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 Observer V. H.B W. L. M W L M W. L M W.L.M. First seen 2-28 10-12 1-14 9-20 Next seen 3-10 10-26 1-18 9-24 Common 4-29 9-25 Last seen 4-7 4-24 11-30 5-2 Abundance .... ... Rare Rare. Common Common. 164 203. [731] Bseolophus bicolor (Linn.). Tufted Titmouse.* Abundant resident. Nestbuilding April 12, 1903; May 7, 1901. An ubiquitous species with a great variety of calls and songs. 204. [735] Parus atricapillus Linn. Chickadee.* Seen here only as a winter visitor. November 7 to May 15. It is probably not a common winter resident, though so reported by C. H. Boll- man ('86). W. S. Blatchley says it was as common a winter resident, and B. W. Evermann says it was as common a resident as P. carolinensis in 1886. N. B. Myers says a few breed, but most of them go north. The latter records are probably due to confusion with the next species. All the specimens in the University collection have been examined and only one from this locality that was labeled P. atricapillus was identified correctly. There are, however, several un labeled ones which come under this species. Its true status is that of an uncommon winter visitor. MIGRATION RECORD. Year :.... 1884.! 1885. 1886. 1892. 1895. 1899. 1900. Observer First seen C. H.E. C.H.B. W.S. B. A. B. U. L.Hughes. 11-7 N.B.M. N.B.M. Next seen 3-26 3-3 4-16 5-15 2-13 5-2 4-28 205. [736] Parus carolinensis Aud. Carolina Chickadee.* Common resident. Seen more often and in greater numbers after March 8, 1903; February 18, 1902; April 30, 1885 (C. H. B.). Song January 18 to November 28, 1902. Mating March 15, 1902; nest- building April 14, 1901. May 29, 1901, four young with pin-feathers and one egg were found in a nest about three feet from the ground in a wil- low stub. The nest was about three inches in depth and was lined with rabbit fur and other soft materials. The young were not yet able to sit on a perch, June 3 (W. L. H.). 206. [748] Regulm satrapa Licht. Golden-crowned Kinglet.* Abundant migrant and rare winter resident. February 4 to May 7. September 21 to November 28. "They are reported as winter residents from Bloomington (Evermann, Blatchley). Also by G. G. Williamson. 165 Song heard April 16, 1902. This bird has a surprisingly loud, sharp whistle, with a somewhat ventriloquial effect. On April 6, 1902, a Golden-crowned Kinglet was observed to catch a moth of apparently half its own size. It took several minutes time and much trouble to finish the insect and it was dropped once but was recov- ered and finally disposed of. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1884. 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. 1893. 1895 Observer . B.W. E. C.H. B. C. H. B. G. G.W. G.G.W. E. M. K. E.M. K. L. Hughes. 2-10 10-3 3-19 4-4 2-4 Next seen 10-5 4-9 2-11 Common 4-2 10-9 4-13 4-9 Last seen . .. Abundance Rare. 4-19 Abundant 10-25 Abundant 4-13 5-7 4-24 Common Common 11-7 Year 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. 1903. Observer First seen N.B. M. 4-10 N. B. M. 4-4 W.L.M. V. H. B. 3-20 W.L.M. 3-27 W.L.M. 10-5 W.L.M. 3-18 W.L.M. 9-21 Next seen Common 4-13 4-6 3-22 4-5 3-28 4-15 10-16 10-18 3-19 3-23 9-22 9-21 Last seen 4-12 4-21 4-23 11-28 4-19 Abundance 207. [749] Regulus calendula (Linn. ). Ruby-crowned Kinglet.* Abundant migrant and rare winter resident. March 23 to May 18. September 21 to October 24. "They have been noted, in winter, in Mon- roe County, by Profs. Evermann and Blatchley." (A. W. Butler.) Song April 5, 1901; 10, 1903. Mating April 19 and 24, 1903. April 10, 1903. Heard a Ruby-crowned Kinglet singing a varied and pretty song which was so loud that it did not seem possible that so small a bird could produce it. The Ruby-crown also gave a little chuck, a short whistle, and another note like that of a Canada Nuthatch, but less com- plaining. The last note was repeated several times. On April 19, two Ruby-crowns were seen, one of which with crown erected and singing, was chasing the other. Was this not mating? On the 24th two other in- 166 dividuals were seen doing the same thing, and another was heard singing. The song reminds one of nothing more plainly, than of the softer, less ambitious efforts of a canary. It is varied with little chirps and chuck and cJiirr notes. The bulk left May 2, 1885 (C. H. B.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. 1893. Observer .• First seen C. H. B. 4-18 C. H. B. 9-28 C. H. B. G. G. W. 4-19 G. G. W. 4-10- E. M.K. 4-9 B. M.K. 4-19 4 19 10-3 4-22 4-11 4-23 4 22 19-8 4-27 5-11 10-24 4-24 5-18 Abundance .... Abundant Abundant Common. Not common Year 1901 1902. 1902. 1903 1903. Observer W L.M W. L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. First seen 3-29 4-6 10-2 3-23 9-21 Next seen 4-11 10-4 3-25 9-22 Common 4-13 10-2 3-23 9-21 Last seen 4-5 4-27 10-15 4-30 Abundance . Common. Common. Common. Abundant. 208. [751] PoUoptilaccerideaCLmn.). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.* Figs. 27-8. Common summer resident. April 5 to September 12. Song and mating April 12, 1903. A nest containing one egg of a Cowbird was found April 22, 1886 (B. W. B.). This was ten days after their arrival. Three days after they arrived in 1902 Gnatcatchers were seen nestbuilding (April 24); the nest was half-finished on the 27th. In 1903 no completed nest was found until the 27th of April, which was 20 days after their arrival. On May 26, 1903, a nest and four well-incubated eggs were found. The nest was saddled on a limb of a small elm, about fourteen feet from the ground (C. G. L.). W. S. Blatchley (1888), in "The Audubon Magazine," describes a two-story nest of the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, taken near Bloomington. A Cowbird had deposited an egg 10 in the nest proper and the second story was built over this egg (A. W. Butler). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892 Observer C. H B. C.H. B. B W E. G. G. W. A.B.U. First seen 4-5 4-12 4-11 B. M. K. 4-17 Next seen 4-6 4-13 4-23 Common 4-17 Last seen 9-12 Abundance Common Common Common Year 1893. 1899. 1901. 1902. 1903. Observer E. M. K. N. B. M. W. L.M. W. L. M. W. L. M. 4-6 4-13 C. H. E. 4-29 4-15 4-7 Next seen 5-4 4-15 5-1 4-19 4-19 4-11 4-12 Common Common 209. [755] Hylocichla mustelina (Gmel.). Wood Thrush.* Common summer resident. April 12 to October 12. Song May 4, 1904 (F. E. L.). Nest and eggs May 6, 1886 (B. W. E.). A resident of the deeper woods. There his fine song may be heard at its best in early May. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. C H B C H B W.S.B. C H B G G W ABU First seen 4-20 G.G.W. 4-17 4-25 5-7 4-21 4-22 4-28 4-24 Last seen 9-19 Abundance ... Abundant Abundant Abundant 168 Year . . . . 1900. 1901. 1902. 1902. 1903. N B. M W L. M. W. L. M. W. L. M. W. L.M. First ssen 5-2 5-4 5-9 5-6 4-24 4-25 4-12 4-17 5-5 10-12 Moderat'ly Common. Abundance Common. Moderat'ly Common. Common. 210. [766] Hylocichla fusccscens (Steph.). Wilson's Thrush. Rather rare migrant. April 23 to May 16. September 1 to 13. Ap- parently common in 1885 (C. H. B.) now the rarest of the Thrushes. Most of the birds departed May 10, 1885 (C. H. B.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1885. 1902. 1903. Observer C.H.B. 4-23 C.H.B. 9-1 C.H.B. W. L. M. 5-4 W.L.M. 4-26 4-26 9 8 Common 5-4 5-16 9-13 5-13 Abundance ... Common. Common. Common. Rare. Rare. 211. [757] Hylocichla alicise (Baird). Gray-cheeked Thrush. Rather uncommon migrant. April 10 to May 17. September 2 to 25. Formerly much more common; abundant in 1885 (C. H. B.). Some question has been raised about the validity of the records of early arrival of the present species in the central states. The dates recorded are earlier than those noted for the arrival of the species on the southern coast of the United States. If these records are proved to be correct, they will establish what is at least not a common phenomenon of migration a journey from Central America, at least, across the Gulf and half across the continent before a stop is made. The very number of these early records from different points and by different observers in Indiana, is almost sufficient proof of their reliability. Some of these records are: Spears ville, April 14 and 15, 1894; April 3 to 10, 1895 (V. H. Barnett); Laporte, April 10 to 12, 1892 (Charles Barber); Brown County, 169 April 14, 1894 (E. M. Kindle) and Bloomington, April 10, 1903 (W. L. M.). It is claimed that the more usual and expected occurrence would be the arrival of this species at about the time of arrival of Wilson's and the Olive-backed Thrushes. Further observation and especially collection of specimens is needed to settle the question. The Gray-cheeked Thrush is only rarely recorded as late as early October, as are also the Veery and Swainson's Thrushes. But a specimen is recorded in the catalogue of the Indiana University Museum, taken by David Starr Jordan, November 1, 1875, at Indianapolis. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1886. 1903. Observer C. H. B. C. H.B. G.G.W. W. L. M. 4-22 9-2 W. S. B. 5-1 4-10 Next seen 4-25 9-4 5-17 4-20 Common ... . . .... 5-3 9-5 Last seen 5-17 9-25 212. [758a] Hylocichla ustidatus swainsonii (Cab. ). Olive-backed Thrush. Rather rare migrant. April 28 to May 19. September 1 to October 2. C. H. Bollmann considered this species an abundant migrant in 1885. At present only a few are seen each year. Most of the individuals departed May 17, 1885 (C. H. B.). Perhaps the reduction in numbers of all the less hardy, wood-loving thrushes, in recent years is due to the cutting away of timber in this region. There are very few of those cool, dark, virgin forests, which are said to be the favorite haunts of our wood thrushes, remaining in this region at present. MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 1885. 1887. 1892. 1903. Observer C. H. B. C. H. B. G. GK W. A. B. U. W. L. M. First seen 5-2 9-1 4-28 E. M. K. 5-9 4-29 5-3 9-6 5-14 4-30 Common . .. 5-10 9-18 Last seen 5-19 10-2 5-15 Abundance Abundant Abundant Rare. 170 213. [759b] Hylocichla guttata pallasti (Cab.)- Hermit Thrush. Common migrant March 23 to May 3. October 3 to November 21. The extreme dates mark the limits of its stay in the State, unless it has recently been found to winter in the lower Wabash Valley. The most common of the Thrushes in the migratory season. Found in second-growth and open woods. The majority left April 25, 1885 (C. H. B.). MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1885. 18S5. 1886. 1887 1892 1893 Observer C H B C H B W S B G G W B. M.K. B M K First seen Next seen 3-31 4-1 10-3 10-4 4-17 4-12 A. B. U. 4-2 4-9 4-19 4-27 Common 4-19 10-10 Last seen 4-28 10-25 4-23 Abundance Common Common Year 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1903 Observer .. . N. B. M. C. H. E. W.L. M. W.L. M. W. L M. First seen 4-9 4-29 3-23 4-5 Next seen ... 3-25 4-7 Common 4-12 3-27 5-3 11-21 Abundance Not common Common. Common. Common. 214. [761] Merula migratoria (Linn). American Robin. * Fig. 30. Resident; abundant in all seasons except winter when it is generally rather rare. However, on January 30, 1893, a winter day, 300 Robins were seen by E. M. Kindle. This was probably a band of migrants, and its occurrence then was not unusual. They become common from the middle of February to the middle of March. Some winters they are entirely absent— that of 1900-01 for instance. They have been observed in flocks here as late as April 13, 1903. There is generally a period in fall 171 when Robins are scarce, followed by a period of abundance before the numbers dwindle down to the usual winter representation. This is caused in all probability by the summer residents of more northern regions, halting here in what to them is a mild climate, after our own summer birds have departed. A similar movement is noticeable among the Bluebirds. The condition of mid-autumn abundance occurred Octo- ber 22," 1902. Three days later these birds became rarer and flocks were seen migrating at a considerable elevation by day. Singing began very early in 1903. One was heard singing his spring song, very low as if in rehearsal, January 16, and one burst out in full song January 20. The next song was heard February 24. In other years I have heard an imperfect song as early as February 23, and the complete song March 4, 1902. They continue their songs till late in the year. Perfect songs are heard in August, and on September 1, 1902, a Robin was heard singing with all the vigor if not the per- fection of spring. Songs, perhaps slightly imperfect, but not very noticeably so, have been heard as late as October 26, 1902. They have been observed mated by February 26, 1903. The first nest has been completed as early as March 21, 1903 (P. J. H.). Very little mud was used in the construction of this nest. That this was early in the season as well as in the calendar may be judged by the fact that an inch of snow fell shortly afterwards. The first egg was found March 29, 1903. It was in a nest in a beech tree. The nest was within ten feet of a window in Science Hall (C. G. L.). A full set was not found until April 8, but on April 26 two half-grown young, not accompanied by their parents, were observed. On May 3 two young nearly full grown were seen. Twenty-four days (April 23 to May 17) elapsed between the laying of the third egg and the flight of the young in a nest watched in 1892 (G. Hitze). One was noticed before daybreak on March 26, 1903, sitting on the ground and singing vigorously. It was observed in the same place the next morning. When the country is snowbound Robins resort to peculiar methods to obtain a livelihood; one was seen wading about in a shallow spring- fed stream, feeding in the manner of a Sandpiper, February 9, 1902. 172 MIGRATION RECORD. Year 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1892. B W E CHE C H B B.W. E. G G W E M K First seen 2-10 2-9 2-14 G. G. W. 2-13 1-16 2-1 2-13 3-3 2-20 1-17 2-6 Common 2-13 3-7 2-23 2-7 2-6 Last seen Abundance Abundant. Abundant. Common. Common. Year 1893. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. E M K. N B M N. B. M. V. H. B. VV. L. M. W. L.M. First seen 1-28 2-12 2-20 W. L. M. 2-19 Next seen 1-29 2-19 3-3 2-27 Common 2-13 3-16 3-9 3-3 3-1 2-27 Last seen Abundance Common. Common. Common. Common. Abundant. Abundant. 215. [766] Sialia sialis (Linn.). Bluebird.* Figs. 31-2. Resident; abundant in ah seasons except winter, moderately com- mon then. Becomes abundant before the middle of March (February 22 to March 16). Seen in pairs February 22, 1884 (G. H. E.). All records of Bluebirds for the winters 1900-01 and 1901-2 were made by groups and show just how the birds were met. Nearly all of these groups are twos or multiples of two, and of them equal numbers were male and female. This is pretty good evidence that many Blue- birds remain paired throughout the year. However, some of the sum- mer residents mate here, and they were seen mating March 1, 1903. Two males were singing madly and flying excitedly about a female, the principal characteristic of whose attitude seemed to be utter indif- ference to both of her suitors. Singing February 10, 1903. The first nest was finished March 15, 1903; it was in a fencepost which had rotted in two just above the ground and which swayed on its supporting wires, with every wind. A nest with three eggs was found March 22; and one with four eggs 173 April 2. On April 4 a nest and six eggs were found in an old Wood- pecker's hole (C. G. L.). On April 27, four young Bluebirds 3-4 days old were found and on the 29th seven young, fully feathered and about four inches long, were seen flying about freely with their parents. On November 30, 1902, Bluebirds were acting as Phoebes are often seen to do; they used a perch near the ground from which they sud- denly flew down, picked up an insect or other morsel of food, always returning to the same perch. MIGRATION RECORD. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. B. W. E. C. H. E. C. H. B. B.W. E. B. W.E. 1-12 2-2 2-20 1-1 Next seen . 2-9 2-21 1-3 Common 2-22 2-28 2-22 Abundant Common. Common. 1892. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Observer A. B. W. N. B. M. W. L. M. W.L. M. W. L. M. 1-28 2-19 2-10 2-6 2-22 2-17 3-2 3-16 3-8 Abundance Common. Rare. Common. Abundant. Abundant. 174 SUPPLEMENTAL LIST. 1. [51] Larus argentatus (Brumi). Herring Gull. Very probably seen by J. J. Batchelor, April, 1902. See note under L. Philadelphia in main list. 2. [208] Rallus elegam Aud. King Rail. Rare migrant in Brown County (B. M. K. '94). Will probably be found to have the same rank in avifauna of this county. 3. [226] Himantopus mexicanus (Mull. ). Black-necked Stilt. C. H. Bollmann gives a queried record for Monroe County in his list of 1886, and ranks it as rare. It has not otherwise been recorded in the State. 4. [305] Tympanuchus americanus (Reich. ). Prairie Hen. Given in C. H. Bollmann's list of 1886 as one of the birds which had to his knowledge been found in the county but which had disap- peared. 5. [310] Meleagris gallopavo merriami Nelson. Wild Turkey. A rare resident as late as 1886 (C. H. B.), when a few were seen each year (W. S. B.). In 1887 B. W. Evermaun said that although he had not observed it, it was still occasionally taken. In 1894 E. M. Kindle wrote that it was almost if not entirely extinct in Brown County. The Wild Turkey is without doubt entirely extinct in this county. 6. [315] Ectopistes migratorim (Linn. ). Passenger Pigeon. A rare migrant in 1886 (C. H. B.). B. W. Evermann in 1887 classed it as formerly abundant but then rare. The last date at hand for this county is April 18, 1885, when ten were seen by C. H. Bollmann. It has been observed since that time in Brown County— March 7, 1894 (E. M. K.); 60 were seen April 12, 1895 (V. H. B.). 7. [382] Conurus carolinensis (Linn. ). Carolina Paroquet. Given the same position by C. H. Bollmann in his list of 1886 as the Prairie Hen. (See above.) /'Judge A. L. Roach of Indianapolis says Parakeets were common in Monroe County in 1828 when his father's family moved there. The family came from western Tennessee, where the bird was abundant and well known. He says they were still there 175 in 1836. * * * B. W. Evermann learned from the late Louis Boll- mann that they were there in 1831. * * * W. B. Seward of Bloom- ington said that these birds were well known to him from 1840-1850 and were in many places common" (A. W. Butler in "The Auk," Vol. IX, pp. 49-56). "Mr. W. B. Seward informs me of obtaining some five, he thinks, young Paroquets from a farmer's boy in Owen County (adjoining Monroe) in 1845. His impression is they were taken from the inside of a hollow tree, on the borders of White River. This is the farthest north we have any account of their nesting" (Butler, Birds of Indiana, 1897). In Brown County it was formerly abundant along Bean Blossom Creek (E. M. K.). 8. [392] Campephilus principalis (Linn. ). Ivory-billed Woodpecker. "Formerly common, now rare" (B. W. K. '87). Recorded by .C. H. it was formerly found in Monroe County" (Butler). 9. [486] Corvus corax sinuatus (Wagl.). American Raven. "Formerly common, now rare" (B. W. E1. '87). Recorded by C. H. Bollmann ('86) along with the Prairie Hen and Parakeet as one of the birds which had formerly been found in the county, but which was then extinct. ADDENDA. 30.5. [212.] Rallus virginianm (Linn.). Virginia Rail. Uncommon migrant. Several were seen and one killed with a club in a yard in town, April 22, 1904. No. l. Nest and eggs of Little Green Heron in an apple tree. No. 2. Same nest, with four young and two eggs yet unhatched. No. 3. Four young of Little Green Heron posing for the camera, No. 4. Cut of two young Herons, showing the tenacity with which they cling to a stick. 12— A. OF SCIENCE, '04. No. 5. Two young Little Green Herons posing. No. 6. Nest of KilMeer on ground. No. 7. Ntst and eggs of Dove on rail tence. Nest is simply a slignt addition to old nest of some other bird. No. 8. Eggs of Dove on ground. No nest whatever. No. 9. Nest and eggs of Dove on stump. No. 10. Nest and eggs of Dove in cedar. No. 11. Nest and three eggs of Black-billed Cuckoo. No. 12. Nest and six eggs of Downy Woodpecker in fence post. No. 13. Nest and five eggs of Flicker in apple tree. No. 14. Nest and eggs of Kingbird in apple tree. No, 15. Nest and six eggs of Phoebe on stone abutment of a bridge. No. 16. Nei-t and five eggs of Jaybird in apple tree. No. 17. Nest of Meadowlark, openeu somewiiac to snow eggs. No. 18. Nest and three eggs of Chipping Sparrow, with one Cowbird egg, placed in a pear tree. No. 19. Nest and three eergs of Field Sparrow. No.l20. "m;Nest and four eggs'of Song- Sparrow. No. 21. Nest and eggs of Chewink. Two of the eggs do not show on account of position of camera. No. 22. Nest and three eggs of Cardinal in cedar tree. No. 23. Nest and three eggs of Blue-headed Vireo, with Cowbird egg. : No. 24. Nest and one egg of White-eyed Vireo. with two Cowbird No. 25. Nest and four eggs of Brown Thrasher. No. 26. Nest and four eggs oi! Brown Thrasher on ground. No. 27. Nest and four eggs of Blue-gray Gnatcatcher in elm tree. No. 28. Side view of nest of Blue-gray (tiiatcatcher. No. 29. Nest and six eggs of House Wren in sack hanging on fence. Hole in sack was enlarged to show nest. No. 30. Nest and eggs oi' Robin on rail fence. Only one egg shows on account of position of camera. No. 31. Nest and five eggs of Bluebird. No. 32. Young of Bluebird. 192 ° § T3 5 -d a 0? ',0 1 5 c8 ki C ?d C3 Q} ^ .2 II | «M 0 S eg OQ '£ a O 49 1 | i 1J-* 'Sr' 22 3 3 •rH Q 3 >• ^ r2 2 1 Z3 i ,0 ^E § -5 -*3 o C3 «M O 'd 1 K P 0^ g 5*H O' cc 00 ^ -M o § | s . se E R 2 i ^ * 8 CQ 73 0 ^ be co S TJ *s •S & I ! 4^ I •d a CD a 1 1 k> a 1 1 be 3 4J 03 g *g 0 TABLE.* «W O k. * be q 1 ^ O) 1 k» 1 -r 1 a I ^ g 02 be b£ 0) ^ -i^ * j? ^ .s X 1 o '£ T3 O 'S o 5 3 ce 1 4_ cc 0; a 0 O k. a 4— a II 2 ^ 1 C cs ,17 ^r± be S 5 sirll^^l|»^ = ,=er" ci^ h. b-"0 «-a— ' 03 2 a a • SQ^ ss 1^ =52^? °^ * ss 3 >>> « || ? 5 -c « | = i •§ -g ^ I §1 1 £ i £|| ? 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SciSlfl|fl||cl|l| £ S l> ^ I*" *T< — w O s£ '£ o owned Warb Warbler ° «.2 , s V S 12 — C"-^ !->C— i O II O H ||fp|^5||^|lf| 0 siana Water Th ucky Warbler 1 B * 1 ? & ll I! *i 1! •*** ''CO GO QOOO 198 uoqraaoaQ :?:-:f9f*:| >i M :| H? 7 i :IS57IT^ j I :«? i , 1 2 1 2 1 1 i- i '• < e rt -isa^j jamning fl O 00 S 03 6C js 9 oa ISTDEX. 199 American Bittern, 25. American Coot, 34. American Crossbill, 108. American Egret, 28. American Golden-eye, 19. American Goldfinch, 111. American Goshawk, 55. American Long-eared Owl, 65. American Merganser, 89. American Osprey, 64. American Pipit, 191. American Redstart, 190. American Robin, 214. American Rough-legged Hawk, 59. American Scaup Duck, 17. American Sparrow Hawk, 63. American Woodcock, 35. Bachman's Sparrow, 127. Bald Eagle, 61. Baltimore Oriole, 103. Bank Swallow, 143. Barn Swallow, 141. Barred Owl, 67. Bartramian Sandpiper, 43. Bay-breasted Warbler, 170. Belted Kingfisher, 74. Bewick's Wren, 196. Bittern, American, 25. Bittern, Least, 26. Black and White Warbler, 154. Black-billed Cuckoo, 73. Blackbird, Red-winged, 100. Blackbird, Rusty, 104. Blackburnian Warbler, 172. Blackpoll Warbler, 171. Black-throated Blue Warbler, 165. Black-throated Green Warbler, 174. Black Vulture, 50. Bluebird, 215. Blue Goose, 23. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 208. Blue-headed Vireo, 152. Blue Jay, 96. Blue-winged Warbler, 157. Bobolink, 98. Bob-white.'46. Bonaparte's Gull, 4. Broad-winged Hawk, 58. Bronzed Grackle, 105. Brown Creeper, 200. Brown Thrasher, 194. Buffle-head, 20. Bunting, Indigo, 135. Canada Goose, 24. Canadian Warbler, 189. Canvas-back, 16. Cape May Warbler, 163. Carolina Chickadee, 205. Carolina Wren, 195. Catbird, 193. Cedar Waxwing, 145. Cerulean Warbler, 168. Chat, Yellow-breasted, 186. Chestnut-sided Warbler, 169. Chickadee, 204. Chickadee Carolina, 205. Chimney Swift, 84. Chipping Sparrow, 124. Cliff Swallow, 140. Common Crow, 97. Common Tern, 6. Connecticut Warbler, 183. Cooper's Hawk, 54. Coot, American, 34. Cormorant, Double-crested, 7. Cowbird, 99. Crane, Whooping, 30. Creeper, Brown, 200. Crested Flycatcher, 87. Crossbill, American, 108. Crossbill, White-winged, 109. Crow, Common, 97. Cuckoo, Black-billed, 73. Cuckoo, Yellow-billed, 72. Dickcissel, 136. Double-crested Cormorant, 7. Dove, Mourning, 48. Downy Woodpecker. 76. Duck, American Scaup, 17. Duck, Lesser Scaup, 18. Duck, Ruddy, 22. Duck, Wood, 14. 200 Eagle, Bald, 61. Eagle, Golden, 60. Egret, American, 28. European Sparrow, 116. Evening Grosbeak, 106. Field Sparrow, 125. Finch, Purple, 107. Flicker, Northern, 81. Florida Gallinule,33. Flycatcher, Crested, 87. Green-crested, 92. Least, 94. Olive-sided, 89. Traill's, 93. Yellow-bellied, 91. Forster's Tern, 5. Fox Sparrow, 131. Gallinule, Florida, 33. Gnatcatcher, 208. Goose, Blue, 23. Goose, Canada, 24. Green-crested Flycatcher, 92. Golden-crowned Kinglet, 206. Golden Eagle, 60. Golden-eye, American, 19. Golden-winged Warbler, 158. Goldfinch, American, 111. Goshawk. American, 55. Grackle, Bronzed, 105. Grasshopper Sparrow, 118. Gray-cheeked Thrush, 211. Great Blue Heron, 27. Great Horned Owl, 70. Greater Yellow-legs, 40. Grebe, Horned, 1. Grebe, Pied-billed, 2. Green Heron, 29. Green-winged Teal, 11. Grinnel's Water Thrush, 180. Grosbeak, Evening, 106. Grosbeak, Rose-breasted, 134. Grouse, Ruffed, 47. Gull, Bonaparte's, 4. Hairy Woodpecker, 75. Hawk, American Rough-legged, 59. American Sparrow, 63. Broad-winged, 58. Cooper's, 54. Marsh, 52. Night, 83. Pigeon, 62. Red-shouldered, 57. Red-tailed, 56 Sharp-shinned, 53. Henslow's Sparrow, 119. Heron, Great Blue, 27. Heron, Green, 29. Hermit Thrush, 213. Hooded Merganser, 9. Hooded Warbler, 187. Horned Grebe, 1. Horned, Lark, 95. House Wren, 197. Hummingbird, Ruby-throated, 85. Indigo Bunting, 135. Jay, Blue, 96. Junco, Slate-colored, 126. Kentucky Warbler, 182. Killdeer, 45. Kingbird, 86. Kingfisher, Belted, 74. Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 206. Ruby-crowned, 207. Kite, Swallow-tailed, 51. Lapland Longspur,114. Lark, Meadow, 101. Lark, Prairie Horned, 95. Lark Sparrow, 120. Least Bittern, 26. Least Flycatcher, 94. Least Sandpiper, 38. Lesser Scaup Duck, 18. Lincoln's Sparrow, 129. Loggerhead Shrike, 147. Long-billed Wren, 199. Longspur, Lapland, 114. Loun,3. Louisiana Water Thrush, 181. Magnolia Warbler, 167. Mallard, 10. Marsh Hawk, 52. Martin, Purple, 139. Maryland Yellow Throat, 185. Meadowlark,101. Merganser, American, 89. Merganser, Hooded, 9. Mockingbird, 192. Mourning Dove, 48. Mourning Warbler, 184. Myrtle Warbler, 166. Nashville Warbler, 159. Night Hawk, 83. Northern Flicker, 81. Northern Parula Warbler, 162. Northern Pileated Woodpecker, 78. 201 Northern Shrike, 146. Nuthatch, Red-breasted, 202. Nuthatch, White-breasted, 201. Olive backed Thrush, 212. Olive-sided Flycatcher, 89. Orange-crowned Warbler, 160. Orchard Oriole, 102. Oriole, Baltimore, 103. Oriole, Orchard, 102. Owl, American Long eared, 65. Barred, 67. Great Horned, 70. Saw-whet, 68. Screech, 69. Short-eared, 66. Snowy. 71. Oven-bird, 178. Palm Warbler, 176. Pectoral Sandpiper, 37. Pewee. Wood, 90. Philadelphia Vireo, 149. Phoebe, 88. Pied-billed Grebe, 2. Pigeon Hawk, 62. Pileated Woodpecker, 78. Pine Siskin, 112. Pine Warbler, 175. Pintail, 13. Pipit, American, 191. Prairie Horned Lark, 95. Prairie Warbler, 177. Prothonotary Warbler, 155. Purple Finch, 107. Purple Martin, 139. Rail, Yellow, 32. Redbird, 133. Red-bellied Woodpecker, 80. Red-breasted Nuthatch, 207. Red-eyed Vireo, 148. Redhead, 15. Red-headed Woodpecker, 79. Redpoll, 110. Red-shouldered Hawk, 57. Redstart, American, 180. Red-tailed Hawk, 56. Red-winged Blackbird, 100. Robin, American, 214. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 134. Rough-winged Swallow, 144. Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 207. Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 85. Ruddy Duck, 22. Ruffed Grouse, 4". Rusty Blackbird, 104. Sandpiper, Bartramian, 43. Least, 38. Pectoral, 37. S.-mipalmated, 39. Solitary, 42. Spotted, 44. Savanna Sparrow, 117. Saw-whet Owl, 68. Scarlet Tanager, 37. Scoter, Surf, 21. Screech Owl, 69. Semipal mated Sandpiper, c Sharp-shinned Hawk, 53. Short-eared Owl, 66. Shoveller, 12. Shrike, Loggerhead, 147. Shrike, Northern, 146. Siskin, Pine, 112. Slate-colored Junco, 126. Snipe, Wilson's, 36. Snowflake, 113. Snowy Owl, 71. Solitary Sandpiper, 42. Song Sparrow, 128. Sora, 31. Sparrow, Bachman's, 127. Chipping, 124. European, 116. Field, 125. Fox, 131. Grasshopper, 118. Henslow's,119. Lark, 120. Lincoln's, 129. Savanna, 117. Song, 128. Swamp, 130. Tree, 123. Vesper, 115. White-throated, 122. Sparrow Hawk, 63. Summer Tanager, 138. Swallow, Barn, 141. Bank, 143. Cliff, 140. Rough-winged, 144. Tree, 142. Swamp Sparrow, 130. Spotted Sandpiper, 44. Surf Scoter, 21. Swallow-tailed Kite, 51. Swift, Chimney, 81. Sycamore Warbler, 173. Tanager, Scarlet, 137. Tanager, Summer, H8. Teal, Green-winged, 11. 202 Tennessee Warbler, 161. Tern, Common, 6. Tern, Forster's,5. Thrasher, Brown, 194. Thrush, Gray-cheeked, 211. Hermit, 213. Olive-backed, 212. Wilson's, 210. Wood, 2( 9. Titmouse, Tufted, 203. Towhee, 132. Traill's Flycatcher, 93. Tree Sparrow, 123. Tufted Titmouse, 203. Turkey Vulture, 49. Vesper Sparrow, 115. Vireo, Blue-headed, 152. Philadelphia, 149. Red-eyed, 148. Warbling, 150. White-eyed, 153. Yellow-throated, 151. Vulture, Black, 50. Vulture, Turkey, 49. Warbler- Bay-breasted, 170. Black and White, 154. Blackburnian, 172. Blackpoll, 171. Black-throated Blue, 165. Black-throated Green, 174. Blue-winged, 157. Canadian, 189. Cape May, 163. Cerulean, 168. Chestnut-sided, 169. Connecticut, 183. Golden-winged, 158. Hooded, 187. Kentucky, 182. Magnolia, 167. Mourning, 184. Myrtle, 166. Nashville, 159. Northern Parula, 162. Orange-crowned, 160. Palm, 176. Pine, 175. Prairie, 177. Prothonotary, 155. Sycamore, 173. Tennessee, 161. Wilson's, 188. Worm-eating, 156. Yellow, 164. Warbling Vireo, 150. Water Thrush, 179. Waxwing, Cedar, 145. White-breasted Nuthatch, 201. White-crowned Sparrow, 121. White-eyed Vireo, 153. White-winged Crossbill, 109. White-throated Sparrow, 122. Whooping Crane, 30. Wilson's Snipe. 36. Wilson's Thrush, 210. Wilson's Warbler, 188. Winter Wren, 198. Whip-poor-will, 82. Woodcock, American, 35. Wood Duck, 14. WoodPewee,90. Woodpecker, Downy, 76. Hairy, 75. Northern Pileated,78. Red-bellied, 80. Red-headed, 79. Yellow-bellied, 77. Wood Thrush, 209. Wren— . Bewick's, 196. Carolina, 195. House, 197. Long-billed, 199. Winter, 198. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, 91. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, 77. Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 72. Yellow-breasted Chat, 186. Yellow-legs, Greater, 40. Yellow-legs, 41. Yellow Rail, 32. Yellow-throated Vireo, 151. Yellow Warbler, 164.