Blood-Sucking Insects of Formosa pak/t I. TAB A STID AE (WITH JAPANESE SPECIES) by Tokuichi Shiraki, Nogaku-Hakushi \'': Government Entomologist 19 13 2 r^ / %?.*- TA HOKIJ AGRICULTURAL I ; line 12 from bottom, for Ricado read Ricardo; line 10 from top, insert " ) " alter Tabanus. p, 77, line 1 from bottom, for elevted read elevated. P. i, 4, lines 3 and 6 from top, for pulvialis read phtvialis. p. 137, line 7 from top, for cation read nation. p. i39, line 11 from bottom, tor Tadanus. read 7« p. 186, line 14 from top, for nagativus read nega p. 201, line 1 from bottom, for ot uch-hairs read touch- P. }o7, line 17 from top, strike out "."between 'moderately' and 'flat', p. 313, line 15 from top, for is read it. p. 337, line 6 from bottom, strike out - . " between' Miss' and 'Ricardo'. p. 415, line 7 from bottom, for posotcular read postocular. ( SEP 2 0 1920 BLOOD-SUCKING INSECTS OF FORMOSA. Part 1 . TABANIDAE (with Japanese Species). INTRODUCTION. More than 20 years have elasped since the epoch-making discoveries, in the aetiology and mode of dissemination of some of the most formidable diseases threatening" human life and progress in the Tropics, and which have naturally produced widespread interest in the proved or potential living carriers of pathogenic micro-organisms. After which there came a demand for further knowledge concerning the life-history, bionomics, and structure of the suspected disease- carriers, in order to determine the conveyance or non-coveyanee of certain disease, by means of insects and their allies, and the methods of their extermination or destruction. Entomology has thus become an accessory science, in some of its branches, to parasitology, a knowledge of the insect and of the conditions governing its existence being an evident necessity for the proper study of the parasites which it harbours. It was soon recognized, too, that insects are not only capable of acting as the intermediate hosts of protozoal parasities inimical to man and animals, but that they also become of medical and veterinary importance. In Europe, America, Africa, and India, there are many students of medical and veterinary Entomology, specialized branches of the study of insects, but with a very few exceptions, there are almost none in Japan. For the last live years, the author has had a great interest in the study of insect from this point of view, he had had, however, but little knowledge of it as he could not spare sufficient time. In the last year or two his special attention has been paid to the number of species of Blood-Sucking-Insects, occuring in our Islands especially in that of Formosa, their distribution throughout the world, their II structure ami physiology, their relation to man or domestic animalsr their food, method ami time of feeding, as well as their life-histroy ; at the present time, however, he has little to state, except concerning the systematic study of Tabanidae. Most of the blood-sucking insects of our Tslands belong to the same Families as those found in the Paraearctic and Oriental regions, but some of them might be confined to the our Islands, such as the genus Isshikia (n. g.) of Tabanidae. In the present work, attempt has been made to provide technical descriptions in detail of species of Tabanidae only, as many students might often confuse two or more species, as all the species are not well known among the students of medicine, or even entomologists. The terminology used in this paper is probably incorrect from a mor- phological point of view, but the terms mostly used by Verrall, are retained to avoid contusion. The author is pleased to have this opportunity of expressing his sincere thanks to those who with unfailing courtesy, have helped him for several years by sending specimens. His acknowledgements in this direction are due particularly to professor Dr. S. Matsumura (Rigaku-hakushi), Dr. S. Isshiki, Mr. T. Okuni, Mr. M. Maki, Mr. T. Oshima, and Mr. S. Inamura. The author is well aware of the amount of time and trouble which these gentlemen must have expended on his behalf. Mr. J. Sonan, and Mr. T. Okuni have also helped htm in the preparation of specimens and in coloured drawings respectively. His most cordial thanks are due to Hon. Dr. M. Takada, director of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the Formosan Government, and Dr. S. Suzuki, acting director of the Station, for their kindness in publishing this paper. The author must also render grateful thanks to Dr. C. J. Gahan, Keeper of the Entomological Department of the British Museum (Natural History), London, for giving him free access to the collections. November 5th, 1918. TABANIDAE. In the Japanese Islands, as elsewhere, the horse-flies or Tabanids, owing to the size of many of the species, are the most formidable in appearance, of all the blood-sucking insects, Indeed a large female of Tabauus chrysurus, Loew, measuring over an inch in length, with a wing expense oi nearly two inches, is exceeded in size by very few exotic species of this family, and frequently excites the surprise of those who are not entomologists, when they learn that it is really a Japanese insect. The horse-flies, which are world-wide in their distribution, are also among the largest of ail families of Diptera, the total number of species described at the end of the year 191 5 being no less than 2200. In the Japanese Islands there are fifty-six recognized species belonging to the genera Haematopota, Tlierioptectes, Atylotus, Tabanus, Isshikiay Chrysops, Corizoneura and Silvins ; I believe we should find more species if they were carfully collected through the Islands. In appearance the Tabanidae are mainly bulky-bodied flies, with a large head (except in the genus Corizoneura), which is convex in front and concave or flattened behind. The head is almost wholly composed of the eyes: in the male the latter meet together above, but in the female they are separated. Most of the males have usually an area in the upper portion of the eyes, varying in extent according to the species, composed of larger facets than those below. In life the eyes usually exhibit golden green or purple markings, which are of value for the identification of species, and are especially brilliant in the case of the females of Chrysops and Haematopota, which posses probably the finest eyes of all insects. After death, however, the colour of the eyes rather rapidly changes to a dull brown or brownish-black, until scarcely a trace of the markings remains. In front of the eyes project conspicuously the three-jointed antennae, and below the head in all the Japanese forms, except the Corizoneura yezonensis (n. sp.), depends vertically the fleshy proboscis, which encloses the piercing mouth parts. The palpi, which lie one on each side of the proboscis, are swollen and fleshy, and differ in shape according to sex. The body is clothed with short hair, and totally devoid ot the large bristles known as macrochaetae. In the colouration as in the shape of the body horse-flies throughout the world show remarkably little variation, and the Japanese species are consequently very similar in appearance to many of those belonging to the same genera found in Europe, India and elsewhere. Some shade of brown or black is the most frequent hue, though the abdomen is often lighter or exhibits lighter markings. The wings, which, when the insect is at rest, diverge at the tips or are somewhat tectiform, have in the case of Chrysops and Haeuiatopota characteristic markings. Horse-flies may be met with throughout the summer in fields, open spaces in woods, by country roadsides, or sometimes in open rooms of Japanese houses. The edges of woods are the favourite haunts of certain species, and when resting in such a place on a hot day, one may frequently notic a Haeuiatopota or two or a specimen of one of the smaller species of Tabanus, crawling with much delib- eration over one's coat and making preliminary investigations with its proboscis ; the outdoors of farmers' houses which are isolated in the fields are also a good place for finding all our species of the genus ■Chrysops, as their females, one or two sometimes more, very often alight on the back of one enjoying the evening breeze. The males do not suck blood, and certain species of them may occasionally be met with on flowers or sometimes hovering in the air. The species of Chrysops and Haeuiatopota, and the smaller species of Taoanus are .remarkable for the quietness which they alight on their victims, the sharp prick of the bite being often the first intimation of the presence of the fly. The larger species of Tabanus betray their ap- proach by their deep hum. When one operation of sucking blood has commenced, horse-flies, like other blood-sucking Diptera, especially Culicidae, may easily be captured or killed- Owing to the size of the 7'abanidac, the wound inflicted by the mouth-parts of many of the species is especially severe. Anyone who has seen T. trigonus attack- ing horse, or T. exoticus attacking, cattle, must have noticed the large drops of blood that exude and trickle from the spots bitten by the flies. Among domestic animals, however, horses and cattle are not the only victims, for in Formosa mules and buffaloes suffer severely, while in other countries, camels and elephants are known as the usual victims. Wild animals are similarly tormented, as the late Sir Sameul Baker states that herds of game were retreated from the South before the attacks of the several species of Tabanus and Pangonia ; among the savages of Formosa it is well known that certain species of deer some- times suffer from the biting of certain species of Tabanidae. In regard to the attacks of horse-flies upon human beings, abundant though certain species such as those of Haematopota occasionally are in the Japanese Islands, we have to turn to European records in order to understand how serious a pest these flies may become owing to their extraordinary blood-thirstiness. Thus, according to Portschinsky, in the Gdov district of the Petrograd Government, in Russia, horse-flies in summer are so excessively numerous and blood-thirsty, that agricultural operations have to be cairied out by night; while in parts of Siberia, such as the shores of the river Om, settlers have been compelled entirely to abandon the zone infested by these flies. The horse flies are known as a suspcted vector of certain diseases of both human beings and animals, and at the present time we are well acquainted with many insect vectors of diseases, among which is well known that of Trypanosoma evani, which causes Surra of horses, mules and camels, and transmits from one to another by Tabanus mlokoiiewuzi, and Loa I.oa, causing Calabar swellings of man, by Chrysops diiiiidiaUx, as well as that © P 5-1 O ft ■< Ucc < 3 W W w 5 K •UHBtHBg •ESOUIJOjJ .. .. •BMCUI^IQ •nqsni^ "n^o^iqc; •• c n . a, Bi •nqsaojj •opiB^oj-i j — 5U5 k 5 !* - raj? o ■* « S K ^^ « tfl 8 i §1 ., 5 ►J — ? . 6. 5* M IT- 'S ^ ^ *** *V* ri ^ <■-> c; e\* r^ V- i» j» j^ 1 -C C>„C JtS r« T5 C s 7. - fc p rt a P5 R9 3 2 3 .s s £ C C O O 4) U U W P3 C« •SS p^ d -8& 3 S o -• 5 '3 * ^ 3 -5 s^-S^ 5 < Q r-' & 5 S s .« S K § &K R K En £ & £ £ 5 oi En pn e; £ ££ oi .a 3 Oi « » » 3 £ "S ^ O « p/ ^■§^.5 S g v « 5 3 -sa ■^i«2-, C -e^g oi £ 5P 3 ^ ■S "^ .^ .%• nEnEnEnE^iE-hEnEn^ EnE-iE-iE"-*"^ « P« js vO r-, 00 On O — C* N tO^)«(OtOt1t*5Wf)f'i^i-'t't 8 The above are based mainly upon my own study, supplemented by those of Ricardo, Matsumura, Coquillett and others. It seems to me highly probable that further study will bring out new forms, and make our knowledge on the distribution of our Tabanidae, much more comprehensive that it has been attained hitherto. Table of the Japanese Genera of Tabaniiae. I. Hind tibiae with apical spurs; ocelli usually present Subfam. PANGONINAE. 2. Second antennal joint almost as long as the first ; wings with conspicuous black bands; frons of the female with a callus ... Chrysjps Meig. 22. Second antennal joint distinctly shorter than the first ; wings without black bands or markings. 3. Third antennal joint with 8 annulations, of which the first is broad and short, being not much longer than broad ; frons of the female without any tubercle or callus Corizoneura Rond. 33. Third antennal joint with 5 annulations, of which the first is very long and hardly broad ; frons of the female with or without a callus Silvias Meig. II. Hind tibiae without any spurs; ocelli usually absent Subfam. TABANINAE. 2. Third antennal joint dilated near its base and with a distinct basal angle or process above, and with four subsequent an- nulations. 3. Basal process of third antennal joint short or obsolete at most not reaching the end of the first annulation. 4. Eyes pubescent. 5. Ocelligerous tubercle more or less distinct Therioplectes Zell. 55* Ocelligerous tubercle absolutely absent Atylotns Ost-Sack. 44. Eyes bare ; ocelligerous tubercle absent Ta&amts Zell. (s. s.) 33. Basal process of third antennal joint unusually long, at least reaching over the first annulation hshikia Shir. (n. g.) 22. Third antennal joint dilated near its base, but without any process or angle, and with three subsequent annulations . . Haematopota Meig. Subfam. PANGONINAE. Ocelli often present, and the ocellar tubercle usually present. Proboscis sometimes porrect and then sometimes exceedingly long (Pangom'a, Diatomuieura and Dorcalaemus). Eyes in life, brilliant liquid green, and in Cltrysops with purple spots or markings ; upper and anterior facets often enlarged. Antennae varying from an absence of a dorsal process near the base of the third joint to that process being exaggerated into a long curved spine-like one {Dicrania and L'ichelacerd). - Wings very varying in venation, as the first posterior cell is often closed and sometimes even a long distance before the wingmargin (but in our fauna never closed), while the fourth posterior cell is sometimes contracted ; small cross-vein sometimes almost absent, though it is always present in Japanese species. Legs with apical spurs on the hind (as well as the middle) tibiae, touch-hairs usually indistinct, but sometimes dense and almost brushlike. Abdomen varying from somewhat tapery to very stout and rounded ; often with conspicuous yellow markings. Up to the present time we know of only three genera and ten species in Japan, including Formosa and Sakhalin. The Japanese species of this subfamily are usually attracted by flowers, but the 10 females of the Chrysops are. of course, blood-suckers, while the feeding of the males is not known. The species, japonuus and mlokosiewicsiy are very often found on the body of horses, and saavis, sinensis and dispar on cattle. I. Silvius, Meigen. Syst. Beschreib., II, p. 27, 1820. kclenopsis, Macq., Dipt. Exot., I, p. 115, 1838. Mesotnyia, Macq., Dipt. Exot., Suppl. IV, p. 341, 1850. Veprius, Rond., Archiv. Zool. Modena, III, p. 83, 1863. Esenbeckia, Rond., Archiv. Zool. Modena. Ill, p. 83, 1863. Middle or small-sized slightly hairy flies of yellowish colour, with usually hyaline wings. Face slightly arched under the antennae, moderately broad but extending only a little under the eyes, without any callosities ; below the antennae is a transversal sulcus ; a longitu- dinal sulcus from the end of that sulcus to a deep pit on the side of the middle part of the face ; face pubsecent but not hairy ; frons of the female broad and bearing on the fore part a large shining callus or without any callus ; three ocelli present. Proboscis moderately produced and with large sucker-flaps ; palpi shorter than the proboscis but longer than the half, and lying against it in the female. Eyes bare. Antennae somewhat longer than the head ; first joint longer than the second which is so long as the width, and both apically clothed with black hairs ; third joint bare and slightly upturned at the tip, somewhat longer than the two basal ones together, subulate, and with five fairly distinct annulations of which the first is long, but the last four are short, and the apical one is blunt at the tip and bears a few minute but distinct hairs and no tract of an apical style. Thorax quadrate with rounded angles ; humeri distinct, with a large rounded praealar callus between them and wing-bases. Pubescence on the disc fairly abundant especially forwards ; pleurae conspicuously hairy on the upper part of the mesopleurae and on the pteropleuraT: 11 and mesopleurae ; but there is no trace of bristles or long bristly hairs anywhere on the thorax or scutellum. Wings without any markings or bands, hyaline, somewhat infu- mate ; in life the wings are extended half open when at rest. Venation quite in accordance with the typical form of the Tabanidae, except that the upper branch of the cubital fork has sometimes (in dorsalis Coq.) a recurrent veinlet near its base ; all the posterior cells open widely ; anal cell slightly open or distinctly closed. Squamae some- what large, with very slight fringes. Halteres with the knob large and almost globular. Legs with two apical spurs on both the middle and hind tibiae ; fore coxae long, slightly longer than half the length of the femora ; femora a little shorter than the tibiae. Pubescence fairly abundant on both the fore-coxae and femora. Pulvilli three, distinct. Abdomen moderately long, scarcely broader than the thorax but slightly narrowed behind, composed of seven segments ; second segment longest, and the fallowing ones gradually diminishing in length ; surface of the abdomen unicolor without any markings or bands. Genitalia small and usually inconspicuous. This genus is composed of a small number of species which occur in Europe and America, and it is known to extend through Africa to Madagascar, in Asia, Asia minor, Morocco, Japan, Formosa and India, and in Australia and New Guinea. About 47 species occur in the whole world, including about six species which have been des- cribed as from oriental region ; at the present time, we know only two Japanese species, but one of these has been only recently described from Formosa. Key for Species. I. Small-sized species, without callus on the frons . . fonuosiensis Ric. 13 2. Medium-sized species, with a large shining callus on the frons . . dorsahs Coq. 1. Silvius farmosierss. RicarJo. (PI. I, fig. i.) (Tahv;i n-H i mo- A lm,) ■ Ann. Mus. Hungarici, vol. XI, Pars I, p.. 173, ,19 \ 3. A small handsome yellow fly, with infumate large wings. Smallest species of Tabanidae from Japan. Femak. Frons slightly narrower than one-third the width of the head, a little longer than width, somewhat flat but not flush with the eyes, almost parallel-sided and inconspicuously broadened just above the antennae ; callus entirely absent, orange yellow ; pubescence on the frons somewhat brownish yellow, being longer towards the vertex and shorter towards the sides but quite absent near the antennae. Face arched, orange yellow, bearing a brownish deep pit on each side of the middle part of the face, and with a brown oblique stripe between the face and jowls ; pubescence of the face yellow, but quite absent near the antennae and becoming longer towards the mouth-edge and jowls. Vertex slightly elevated at the middle, orange yellow, clothed with rather short yellowish pubescence which becomes shorter towards the middle ; three rather large ocelli blackish brown and placed on each point of a triangle. Back of the head orange yellow, bearing yellowish pubescence. Proboscis yellow, slightly tinged with brown, shining on the blackish sucker-flaps, and bearing very shart yellowish pubescence except for a few brownish hairs beneath each sucker-flap ; palpi, reddish yellow, lying against the proboscis and bearing a few brownish hairs, longer than half the length of the proboscis. Eyes quite bare, in life brilliant green, with coppery reflections varying according to the light but most evident about the lower part ; facets almost all equal. Antennae incomplete. Thorax orange yellow, paler towards the front part ; around the stigmae and wing-bases somewhat reddish. Pubescence all orange 18 yellow and sloping, not at all dense on the disc and in fact rather scarce on the front part, denser and usually rather longer on the lateral parts, on the meso- and meta-pleurae, and on the upper parts of the sterno- pleurae. Scutellum orange yellow, short and broad, transverse, moderately convex at the posterior margin, with straight lateral margins, and bearing sparse yellow pubescence. Wings large, slightly longer than the length of the body, brownish but paler towards the inner margin, with veins, stigma and costal cell quite brown. Upper branch of the cubital fork without a recurrent veinlet ; first posterior cell widely open, gradually broadened towards the wing-margin , anal cell closed before the wing-margin. Squamae usual in size, dark orange yellow with yellowish fringe. Halteres large, dull orange yellow, with round brownish knobs, gradually darker towards the rips. Legs moderately shining, orange yellow, except the tibiae and tarsi black and the apex of the femora brownish ; fore coxae about two-thirds as long as the femora, and bearing yellowish pubescence ; fore femora with rather abundant pubescence which is orange yellow but on the apical parts brownish; middle and hind femora with similar pubescence but slightly shorter ; fore and middle tibiae furnished with blackish pubescence, the latter bearing two subequal black spurs ; hind tibiae densely covered with blackish pubescence and bearing two not quite equal black spurs, which are smaller than those of the middle tibiae. Abdomen about twice as long as the thorax, slightly broader than that but gradually narrowed towards the apex. Dorsum pale reddish yellow, but the two basal segments paler ; ventre yellow, but scarcely darker towards the anal segment. Pubescence short, orange yellow, but on the last five dorsal segments with blackish hairs intermixed, and on the belly very short and rather dense. Length : 7.2 mm. 1 have only one female from Kanshirei in the prefecture Kagi. 14 This species probably does not occur in fields, but in mountainous districts it may be not uncommon. % Silvias dorsalis, Coquillett. (PI. I, fig. 2.) fHime-Abti.) Proc. U. S. N. Mus., XXI, p. 309, 1898. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), VIII, p. 292, 1901. A middle-sized yellowish fly, with a large brown or black frontal callus. Female. Frons about one fourth the width of the head, longer than width, somewhat elevated, quadrate, almost parallel- sided and diverging just above the antennae, greyish yellow, but mainly covered by a large polished brownish black or black callus, which is oblong, hardly reaching from the middle ocellus to above the antennae, and is distinctly elevated ; a distinct transverse sulcus just below the frontal callus, the sulcus slightly angulated downwards at the middle, orange yellow on the spase between the antennae and frotal callus but at the middle part somewhat brownish in a darker specimen. Pubes- cence blackish, very sparse, entirely absent at the lateral parts of the two-thirds below. Vertex dull yellow, moderately convex at the middle, with three rather large brown or dark brown ocelli in a triangle, with a few blackish hairs behind the ocelligerous elevation. Face slightly arched, pale orange yellow, bearing two rather large polished brownish or blackish spots, which are occupying the deep pits on the sides of the middle part of the face, and with two fine but distinct longitudinal sulca which are reaching from the deep facial pits to the base of the antennal prominence ; two oblique rather broad polished bands from the facial pits to the oral margin, at where they are hardly united each other ; pubescence blackish, rather sparse, entirely absent on the middle part of the face and around the polished spots, and longest and stout on the oral part, at where a few transverse wrinckles are conspicuous. Jowls very short, clothed with rather abundant blackish hairs which are 15 longer than those on the face. Back of the head greyish yellow, bearing black pubescence on the eye-.nargins only. Proboscis rather stout, blackish brown, sparsely hairy beneath, bearing a broad similar coloured sucker-flaps clothed very few short blackish hairs. Palpi long, slightly shorter than the proboscis, lying more against the pro- boscis, reddish yellow or pale brown bearing a few black- hairs which become longer and denser towards the base. Antennae longer than the head, orange yellow or reddish yellow, the annulate portion of the third joint brown, becoming black at the apex ; first joint about twice as long as the second, stouter ; second joint with an inconspicu- ous subsequent annulation ; third joint longer than the two basal joints, bearing a very few inconspicuous fine hairs on the apical margin of each annulation, the annulate portion longer than the basal portion. Eyes quite bare, in life brilliant green, with strong coppery reflections; facets all equal. Thi rax dull orange yellow marked with three broad greyish stripes, the outer ones interrupted at the suture, each one about half as wide as the median, none of them reaching the posterior margin of the thorax and united behind together. Pleurae greyish brown, somewhat tinged with orange yellow ; scutellum orange yellow, about twice as wide as it is long, posterior margin convex with very short straight lateral margins. Pubescence on the disc of the thorax very short and brownish, on the margins rather long and yellowish ; the pubescence on the meso- and ptero-pleurae, and on the upper and hind parts of the sterno-pleurae, blackish and long, on the meta-pleurae rather denser and dull yellow with a few black hairs intermixed ; the pubescence on the scutellum brownish yellow, rather sparse, becoming longer and much conspicuous towards the posterior end. Wings about equal as long as the length of the body, greyish, distinctly smoky brown surrounding all veins, excepting of the lower branch of the posterior fork, and postical, anal and axillary veins, with brown costal cell, yellowish stigma and brownish veins (except Hi thi postical vein yellowish) , in a specimen almost entirely smoky, excepting of the anal area nearly hyaline, and with a very small hyaline spot in the second submarginal cell ; and anal cell distinctly open ; upper branch of the cubital fork bearing a rather long recurrent veinlet hear the bare ; first posterior cell widely open. Squamae rather small, brownish yellow , with very short brownish fringe ; halteres moderate in size, yellowish brown with rather large oblong blackish brown knob. .Legs pale brownish yellow or yellowish brown, somewhat polished, apices of all joints slightly tinged with brownish or blackish ; forecoxae nearly two-thirds the length of the fore femora, iurnished with blackish brown hairs which become less and shorter towards the apice and outerside ; fore femora as long as the fore tibiae, covered with blackish pubescence which becomes much shorter and sparse towards the base and under surface, the inner margin of the apical part of the under surface bearing rather conspicuous black fringe ; middle and hind femora covered with black pubescence, which is rather shorter and sparser and becomes somewhat denser towards the apex ; tibiae all similar, bearing rather dense black pubescence, the middle and hind ones bearing two rather large, subequal, brown, black-tipped apical spurs ; tarsi with short blackish pubescence above, and with very short yellowish one beneath, bearing conspicuous large brownish yellow pulvilli. Abdomen broader than the thorax, nearly twice as long as the length of the thorax (including the scutellum); the dorsum dull orange yellow, slightly tinged with brownish towards the apex ; the ventre brownish, somewhat paler towards the base ; pubescence on the dorsum mainly black, but at the middle portion of each segment mostly yellow with black hairs intermixed, on the two basal segments very sparse, and becoming longer and denser towards the sides ; pubescence on the belly entirely black, denser than that on the dorsum. Length: 1 1.5- 14 mm. I have only three females from Sapporo in Hokkaido dated on 17 the 1 2th of June. 1904, and on the 30th of July, 191 7, This fly is probably uncommon even in the northern part of Japan and I have no record of it from the southern part of the Island, excepting of a female from Oshima Island (Kagoshima-Ken), which is slightly larger and lighter, but it is quite the same as in the northern specimens. II. Diatominenra, Rondani. Subg. Corizoneura, Rondani. Archiv. Zool. Modena, III, p. 85, 1863. Large or medium-sized, slightly hairy flies of brownish or blackish colour, with usually hyaline or infumate wings sometimes marked with black. Face distinctly arched under the antennae, broad but extending only a little under the eyes, without any callosities ; on the middle a large quadrate prominence, which bounds by very deep sulca especially at the sides ; pubescence usually long and rather dense. Frons of the female without tubercle or callus but bearing the ocellgerous elevation on the vertex, usually narrow. Ocelli three ; eyes usually bare. Anten- nae shorter than the head ; first joint much longer than the second joint very short, usually wider than it is long ; third joint much longer than the first and second together, with eight annulations of which the first is broad and short, being not much longer than broad, while the last one is usually conical, somewhat pointed, and bears a very few minute bristle- like hairs at the tip. Proboscis long or very long, bearing usually narrow sucker-flaps. Thorax rather round, humeri somewhat distinct, with a small not distinct praealar callus between them and wing-bases. Pubescence on the disc usually abundant, especially towards the sides ; pleurae densely hairy except on the fore part of the meso-pleurae and sometimes of the sterno-pleurae very sparsely pubescent; but there is no trace of bristles jr bristly hairs anywhere on the thorax or scutellum. Wings hyaline or distinctly smoky, sometimes with distinct markings. Venation of the normal type of the Tabanidae, but the 18 upper branch of the cubital fork almost always with a recurrent veinlet near its base; all posterior cells open. Squamae large, the alar pair extending more than half-way across the thoracal when they are against each other; thoracal pair obliquely outspread and somewhat covering the hal teres ; and both pairs with inconspicuous fringes, except the tuft of long hairs at the angle. Halteres moderate in size, with the almost globular knob. Abdomen broad and short, usually a little a longer than th;.- head and thorax (including the scutellum) together, and distinctly broader than the thorax ; second segment longest and the following ones gradual- ly diminishing in length ; second or third segment broadest, near the anal apex suddenly narrowed and somewhat subpointed at the apex, sometimes gradually narrowed towards the apex ; surface of the abdo- men usually with transverse bands or markings, and usually bearing dense pubescence. Genitalia small and usually inconspicuous. Legs with two rather long apical spurs on both the middle and hind tibiae ; fore coxae stout and short, almost shorter than half the length of the fore femora, covering dense and long hairs ; femora all fairly densely covered with hairs ; tibiae with very short pubescence ; pulvilli three, distinct. This subgenus is distinguished by its broad abdomen, its eight- annulate third joint of antennae, and its frons without callus. Corizoneura is represented by only one species in Europe, and by two or three in oriental regions, while about thirteen species occur in Africa, about four in America, and about eighteen in Australian regions. No species of this subgenus has been recorded from the northern belt of the world up to the present, but I have found a single specimen from Hokkaido in my dipterous collection, and the species undoubtedly belongs to the subgenus Corizoneura. 19 j " 1. Corizoneura yezoensis, Shir. (n. sp.) (PI. Ill, 6g. I ; SI. IX, figs, i & 2.) (JUaniifata-AJm.) There is no closely allied species in the world, but in apperatice somewhat similar to Diatomineura ticardoi Hutt. Small greyish black species, with rather short proboscis. Female. Head nearly three times broader than its length. Frons about one-sixth the width of the head, and about three times longer than wide, parallel-sided, grey slightly tinged with yellowish, without frontal callus ; two distinct longitudinal depressions at the middle part, near lateral margins, extending to the ocelligerous tubercle ; an irregular transverse depression about the centre of the frons, and a fine longitu- dinal sulcus from the transverse depression to the ocelligerous tubercle;, pubescence on the frons very few and inconspicuous, greyish. Vertex grey, bearing a large somewhat triangular ocelligerous tubercle which is rather prominent and has three large yellowish ocelli ; pubescence yellowish white, very sparse but slightly abundant behind the ocellige- rous tubercle. Face grey, rather slightly arched with small facial prominence ; pubescence mostly whitish, on the facial prominence stout and brown with yellowish white one intermixed, entirely absent just above the antennae ; pubescence on both the lower surface of the mouth part and the jowls longer and softer than that on the other parts of the face, whitish and abundant, this pubescence extending half-way up to the back of the head, after which a short yellowish fringe begins, which gradually lengthens and hardly overhangs the eyes until it merges in the yellowish white hairs on the vertex. Proboscis thin and short, about equal as long as the depth of the head, blackish red brown, bearing rather broad but small dark brown sucker-flaps ; pubescence very spare and inconspicuous on the lower surface, on the upper surface almost entirely absent, on the sucker-flaps rather con- spicuous but ver>- short. Antennae small, short, hardly longer than width, sparsely covered with black rather short pubescence ; second ioint very small and much shorter, about twice as wide as long, bearing similar pubescence ; third joint somewhat paler, about twice as long as two basal joints together, somewhat spine-like, very thin, with 8 annu- lations, of which the first is broadest, being longer than the second antennal joint but much shorter than the first antennal joint ; the 8th annulation of the third joint about equal as long as the preceding three annulations together, bearing, a minute spur-like apical hair and a fine accessory hair, second annulation shortest, as long as two following annulations ; fifth to seventh annulations equal in length, slightly longer than the second. Thorax round, dark grey, with three broad blackish stripes se- parated by two very narrow whitish lines, the lateral ones interrupted at the suture and about half as wide as the middle one ; humeri, pro- thorax, and praealar calli distinctly grey dusted ; pubescence fairly abundant and suberect, mainly whitish. Pleurae grey dusted, with whitish pubescence, dense and tawny on the prothorax, on the upper and hind parts of the mesopleurae, and on the meta-pleuiae ; the pubescence on the ptero-pleurae rather sparse and short, and on the sterno-pleurae less scarcer than on the ptero-pleurae. Scutellum moderate in size, blackish brown but almost entirely obscured by grey dust, bearing rather sparse and short greyish pubescence, which becomes somewhat longer about the tip. Wings hyaline, very faintly infumate, with yellowish veins, and with a distinct and long brown stigma, slightly shorter than the length of the body ; the upper branch of the cubital fork without a recurrent veinlet ; the first posterior cell rather narrow but widely opens ; anal cell closed before the wing margin. Squamae pale yellowish white, with yellow margins at the alar pair, and the large and conspicuous pale tuft of pubescence about the angle ; the thoracal pair with some- what distinct margins and bearing a very fine almost inconspicuous fringe. Halteres brown, with blackish knob, not entirely covered 21 by the squamae. Legs dark reddish brown, with dark coxae which are obscured by grey dust ; fore coxae shorter than half the length of the femora, covered with whitish somewhat tawny pubescence ; fore femora about equal as long as the fore tibiae, covered with short and somewhat tawny whitish pubescence on the upper and outer surfaces, and furnished with very short suberect brownish pubescence on the inner and lower surfaces, on the basal inner margin of the lower surface bearing a sparse blackish fringe ; middle and hind femora covered with whitish soft pubescence which becomes sparser and shorter on the inner and lower surfaces, and is very sparsely intermixed with very short and suberect brown pubesence ; all tibiae covered with very short and rather depressed blackish brown pubescence, very sparsely intermixed with very fine yellowish one ; middle and hind tibiae bearing two rather long, subequal, reddish brown and black-tipped spurs at the apex of the lower surface. Abdomen large, much broader than the thorax, dull deep brown with orange yellow markings, and with an indistinct narrow greyish band on the posterior margin of each segment, the bands on the belly distinct and yellowish. The first segment of the dorsum most brownish ; second segment longest and broadest, with the sides dark orange yellow, the markings irregularly tinged with blackish in the centre ; third to sixth gradually narrowed but suddenly contracted at the tip, without markings but at the sides of each segment distinctly narrowly orange , pubescence short and depressed, mainly blackish brown, with yellowish one intermixed, but on the posterior margin of each segment almost shining yellowish white pubescence only. The belly somewhat darker than the dorsum, covered with short and depressed blackish brown pubescence intermixed with whitish suberect one on two basal segments and with whitish depressed one on the posterior margin of each segment. Length : 1 1 mm. Described above from only one, but well-preserved female specimen collected by the author at Noboribetsu, on the 23rd of August, 19O4. This species is easily distinguished from any other species of this genus, by its short and rather stout proboscis. III. Chrysops, Meigen. Xouvelle Class., p, 23, 1800. Handsome middle-sized flies of mainly blackish colour, with usually yellow abdominal markings, and with conspicuously banded wings, and with long antennae. Head usually broader than the thorax. Face strongly convex under the antennae, broad but extending only a little under the eyes, and with large polished black or yellowish brown facial, oral, and buccal callosities which sometimes more or less coalesce ; the side of the middle part of the face bearing a deep pit below the facial cell us ; face covering with sparse pubescence which is rather long. Fro'ris of the male small, triangular, and quite bare but more or less dusted near the antennae; of the female broad, usually becoming broader towards the antennae, and bearing a large polished black callus on the fore part ; vertex in the female elevated, in the male usually prominent, in the both sexes bearing three distinct ocelli. F.yes touching in the male for about the middle third of the distance between the antennae and 1 cc'put, bare but sometimes inconspicuously pubescent ; in life brilliant golden, bluish green, in the male with purplish or rich brownish spots and hind margin, and these markings distinguished from each species by their arrangements ; facets on the upper part enlarged in the male, and usually equal in the female. Antennae very long, usually about twice as long as the head ; first joint usually very slightly dilated, and a little longer than the second but sometimes as long as that ; second joint almost always with inconspicuous annulations, sometimes about equal as broad as the first joint ; two basal joints clothed with black hairs ; third joint somewhat longer or shorter than the basal two joints together, somewhat subulate, bare and more or less upturned at the tip, and with five fairly distinct 23 annulations of which the first is slightly longer than the followings together and is itself faintly annulated and is distinctly dilated near its base, but the three following ones are very short, and the apical one is blunt at the tip, bearing no trace of an apical style and shorter than the three preceding ones together. Proboscis considerably produced but about equal as long as the depth of the head and with rather large sucker-flaps ; palpi about half as long as the proboscis and lying against it in the female, or directed rather upwards in the male. Thorax almost quadrangular with the angles rounded off, but in the male almost round ; humeri rather small, the praealar callosities large but very slightly convex and triangular ; pubescence fairly abundant especially towards the sides, but is almost always denuded on the disc when the flies caught by net ; pleurae considerabely pubes- cent on the upper part and on the meta-pleurae and ptero-pleurae ; but there is no trace of bristles or bristly hairs on the thorax or scutellum ; scutellum usually triangular with the apical angle rounded off, covered with rather dense pubescence. Wings with blackish costal margin, and with conspicuous blackish markings, which usually form an irregular band across the wing, and which are more extended in the male than in the female, the .blackish band of the wing is one of important point of specific characters ; in life the wings are extended half open when at rest. Venation of the normal type of the Tabanidae ; the four posterior cells always wide open, and not even contracted at the tip ; anal cell usually closed, but sometimes slightly open. Squamae rather large, bearing very slight fringes except near the angle on the alar pair, llalteres with the knob rather large and almost globular. Fore coxae considerably lengthened, about two-thirds the length of the femora ; femora slightly shorter than the tibiae, the fore one covered with fairly abundant pubescence ; middle and hind tibiae with two rather unequal apical spurs, the latter somewhat dilated ; pulvilli three, very distinct. Abdomen long, scarcely broader than the thorax but slightly n;ir rowed behind, almost always longer than the head and thorax (including the scutellum) together, composed of seven segments ; second segment longest and usually broadest, and the following ones gradually diminishing in both the length and width, with anal end usually blunt ; basal part of the abdomen usually bearing conspicuous orange markings which are very different in the two sexes, if the basal markings wanted or present through the side of the abdomen there is almost no different in both the female and male. Genitalia in both sexes small and almost always concealed inside the anal seg- ment. This genus is found nearly all over the whole world, but it is not yet recorded from New Zealand. About seventeen species occur in oriental regions, about thirty six in Palaearctic regions, and about thirty five in Aethiopian regions, while about ninty eight have been described from the whole of America, but only one distinct species from Australian regions ; at the present time we know six species in Japan (including Sakhalin and Formosa), one of these has been only recently described from Sakhalin Island by Prof. S. Matstrmura, while I have described a distinct new species in this paper. The fiies almost always occur in the neighbood of water or wet places, and the females annoy cattle and human beings by their perisistent attacks. Key for Species. I. Abdomen yellowish with black stripes. 2. Discal cell hyaline ; abdomen with four long black stripes in/okosiewiczi, Big. 22. Discal cell hyaline ; abdomen with black bifid stripe on the second segment, often extending to the third or fourth segment dispar. Fab. II. Abdomen black, whitish or yellowish at base. 25 2. Callosities on the face blackish. 3. Second dorsal segment of abdomen mostly yellow. 4. Second abdominal segment with two short black stripes, the posterior margin never tinged with black sitavis , I .oe w . 44. Second abdominal segment on the posterior margin with a black band interrupted at the middle. 5. Second" abdominal segment at the middle with a black bifid stripe, which extends from the anterior margin to the posterior margin sakhaline.nsts, Plesk. 55. Second abdominal segment at the middle without a bifid stripe or with a very short black bifid stripe in the male basalis, Shir. (n. sp.) 33. Second dorsal segment of abdomen with orange yellow lateral spots, all the segments with yellowish posterior margins nigricornis, Mats. 22. Callosities yellowish sinensis, Walk. III. Abdomen entirely black and shining .japonica, Wied. I. Chrysops mlokosiewiczi, Bigot. (PI. I, fig. 3.) (Yosnji-Mekura-Abii) Ann. Soc. Entom. France (5), X, p. 146, 1880. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IX, p. 378, 1902 ; Record. Ind. Mus., vol. IV, p. 378, 191 1. Chrysops striatus, v. d. Wulp, Notes Leyden Mus., VII, p. 79, 1885 ; Catal. Dipt. South Asia, p. 66, 1896. Rioardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IX, p. 379, 1902. m^mmwmmAftm^^m (* & m i&^m pi. vm, fig. 10, 1914. Chrysop siranensis, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, V, p. 602, 1891. 26 The well-marked species of the Genus, easily known by the four narrow black stripes on the yellow abdomen and by the cross-band of wing not reaching beyond the postical vein in the female. Female. Head slightly broader than the thorax. Face ainly covered by the shining pale testaceous calli, the two facial' caili leaving a narrow intermediate yellowish stripe which widens out at its top just under the antennae, and which is pointed at its lower end just below the facial deep pits ; at the outer sides of the bottom part of each facial callus there is a deep blackish pit, and beneatht that a fairly large yellowish dusted patch which usually extends te> the eye margin and consequently separates the facial and buccal calli, but the facial and oral calli are united on each side of the middle yellowish line ; buccal calli shining black or blackish, very small, transverse in a denuded specimen, somewhat inconspicuous, and quite separated from the oral callus and hardly touching the eye margin ; jowls below the buccal calli dusted with greyish yellow and extending right across from the lower eye-angles to the mouth margin ; pubescence of the face consisting of rather long whitish hairs;, which leave most of the protuberant shining facial calli bare, as welll as the oral callus, though even on its part a very few whitish hairs; exist ; on the jowls and right across behind the mouth there are- numerous longer whitish hairs. Frons nearly one-thirds the width of the head, flat and nearly flush with the eyes, covered with greyish yellow or orange yellow dust; ocellar triangle blackish or brownish and colour slightly extending back to the occiput but only at the middle ; frontal callus convex, blackish, usually testaceous about the middle, sometimes entirely blackish or testaceous, transverse, with the lower margin slightly angulated at the middle, extending almost from eye to eye but not quite to the . n ennae because a doubly arched orange yellow dusted margin extends across above the antennae, and that colour extends all round the antennae and is connected with the middle part of the face ; pubescence on the frons rathe abundant, pale yellowish, and quite bare on the frontal callus and just above the antennae. Back of the head with pale greyish yellow tomentum, sometimes very slightly tinged with greenish dust, with orange yellow or pale yellow eye margin, and the colour distinctly extending to the occiput ; pubescence abundant and very short and fine, usually greyish yellow and becoming somewhat darker towards the ege margin. Vertex slightly convex, with yellowish or reddish yellow tomentum and bearing rather abundant and rather long pale yellowish hairs intermixed with blackish pubescence at the ocellar triangle. Proboscis blackish or brownish, shining but almost entirely obscured by greyish dust excepting of the sucker-flaps conspicuously shining, bearing very short blackish pubescence except for a few hairs beneath each sucker-flap ; palpi usually reddish yellow especially at the basal half of the upper surface, somewhat shining, bearing rather sparse pale yellowish pubescence becoming longer towards the outer and lower surface, intermixed with a very few black hairs on the upper surface, about two-third the length of the proboscis. Eyes with the facets all equal ; in life brilliant green, but rather coppery according to varying lights ; occip- ital and hind margin with a purplish brown border which is bloadest about the lower angle of the eyes and becomes narrower towards the above; rest of the eye with four purplish brown isolated spots, of which the three near the frontal and facial margin are about equidistant from each other ; the top spot transverse (when seen from above) longest, extending from the above of the frontal margin to just above the centre of the eye, and at the margin broadest and gradually narrower towards its end ; the lowest spot to the bottom part of the occipital band not nearer than to the middle spot, transverse (when seen from front), arising just below the middle of the facial margin and extending just below and inside the centre of the eye, nearly straight but its lower margin curved outwards, and about two-thirds the length as the top spot ; the middle spot smallest in these three, and irregularly round ; the isolated fourth spot near the middle of the eye, somewhat 28 triangular, and slightly smaller than the middle spot near the frontal margin. Antennae nearly twice as long as the head, reddish yellow, black towards the tip ; first joint a little longer and stouter than the second; second joint inconspicuously annulate; both yellow, bearing short blackish pubescence; third joint much longer than two basal joints together, subulate, conspicuously upturned at the tip. with five dis- tinct annulations of which the basal one is shorter than the rest of the third anteniial joint, and is hardly annulated, as well as it is reddish yellow with blackish or brownish or brownish apical part, while the last four are brownish black or brown, and are gradually shortened towards the tip, but the apical one is about twice as long as the preced- ing one and is blunt at the tip. Thorax yellowish cinereous with three very distinct narrow blackish brown or black stripes, of which the middle one is about half broader than the lateral ones and is gradually narrowed towards the front anil pointed ; the sides of the disc somewhat broaaly orange yellow, and the colour extending from the postalar calli to the humeri ; a rather distinct fuscous stripe at the sides between the mesonotum and pleurae, extending from the above of the prothorax to the base of the wing ; humeri distinctly orange yellow, moderately convex ; pubescence fairly abundant and suberect, mainly yellowish but with rather numerous shorter depressed thinner hairs intermixed ; the pubescence about the sides of the disc more erect, longer, moderately tawny. Pleurae black, grey dusted but yellowish above, with the yellowish pubescence dense and tawny on the prothorax, on the Upper and hind parts of both the meso-pleurae and sterno-pleurae, and on the meta-pleurae ; the pubescence on the rest of the pleurae sparser, shorter and paler. Scutellum somewhat semicircular, subangulate at the middle of the posterior margin, greyish yellow dusted, with an incon- spicuous reddish yellow dusted patch about each side ; pubescence yellow- ish and nearly erect, longer and denser than on the disc of the mesonotum. Wings clear, with pale brown colouring at the extreme base 2» only filling the basal cells about one-fifth of their length, continued along the fore border to the apex ; the cross band not reaching be- yond ppstical vein, the outer margin convex (but in Formosan speci- mens quite straight or somewhat concave), extending from the apex of the stigma to the lower angle of the discal cell, and the inner margin convex, extending from the apex of the praefurca to the small cross vein and usually continued with the brownish shade on the lower branch of the postical fork along the basal portion of its upper branch ; the extreme apex of the anal vein very rarely shaded ; the centre of the discal cell hyaline ; the base of the submarginal cell brownish hyaline ; the upper basal cell about the basal two-third the length along the discal vein shaded with blackish brown ; brownish colouring of the fore border at the apical portion narrow and rather inconspicuous, hardly reaching to the apex of the wings ; the postical cell distinctly open at the fourth posterior cell sometimes slightly contracted at the margin of the wing ; upper branch of the cubital fork without any trace of the recurrent veinlet near the base. Squamae greyish yellow with yellow margins and with scarcely any fringe, but the alar pair grey brown with yellowish fringe. Halteres brown to blackish, with yellowish or reddish brown stalk. Legs reddish yellow and shining ; fore coxae at the basal parts slightly covered with whitish tomentum, bearing rather sparse and somewhat long whitish hairs ; all the trochanters, and the middle- and hind-coxae brown ; femora furnished with rather fine but not very short yellowish pubescence which is intermixed with a few long brownish hairs at the outer surface of the fore femora and especially is conspicuous towards the apex ; fore tibiae brownish especially towards the apex, bearing with rather dense depressed short brown pubescence with yellowish hairs intermixed, but on the inner surface mostly yellowish and much shorter ; middle tibiae usually orange yellow with two short stout subequal blackish spurs, bearing yellowish pubescence with a few brown one intermixed, but at the apical half of the outer and upper sides mostly brown pubescence ; hind tibiae densely covered with rather long blackish hairs, mingled with much shorter whitish hairs especially on the inner sides, bearing two short subequal much thinner brownish spurs ; tarsi of the fore legs blackish, slightly yellowish at the base, of the other legs yel- lowish, and slightly darker towards the apex, with very short blackish pubescence ; pulvilli three, distinct, dull yellow. Abdomen orange yellow, in Japanese specimens usually greyish black towards the anal end, and also at the sides. Dorsum with four very distinct blackish brown stripes, which are more or less in- terrupted at the segmentation ; the two middle stripes broader than the lateral ones, usually extending from the anterior margin of the first abdominal segment to the posterior margin of the sixth segment (or to the middle of the sixth segment), gradually narrowed towards the apex ; the lateral stripes sometimes much interrupted at the seg- mentations, extending from the second abdominal segment to the sixth segment, subequal through the length in width sometimes composed of a row of blackish spots ; second segment longest and broadest, and the following ones gradually diminishing in both the length and width ; the last three abdominal segements in Japanese specimen usually greyish black, and darker towards the apical one ; pubescence mainly yellowish, rather dense and short, somewhat de- pressed on the disc, but suberect on the sides, especially on the two basal segment much erect and slightly longer ; the pubescence on the blackish stripes mostly brown, but the brown one on the apical part of the stripes intermixed with yellowish hairs. Belly somewhat shining, unicolorus ochraceous, slightly or conspicuously darker toward the end, in Japanese specimens often with a row of variegated large dull brownish spots ; this median spotted band extending from the basal segment to the fourth segment and gradually broadened hind- wards, sometimes blackish ; the last three segment usually blackish brown or black (sometimes ochraceous as in Formo'san species), :$: bearing very narrow but rather conspicuous ochraceous posterior mar- gin on each segment ; pubescence short, whitish yellow nearly all rather depressed, but on the two basal segment bearing rather long siiberect yellowish hairs and also at the sides with similar pubes- cence. Length: 9.5-102111111. Male. Usually smaller than the female, with more darker marking or the wings, and with much narrower lateral stripes of the abdomen. Mead conspicuously broader than the thorax. Face some- what triangular, much covex, with a narrow intermediate yellowish stripe which is extending to the upper mouth edge, at where oral callus divided into two callosities ; buccal calli conspicuously trans- verse, nearly touching the eye margin, from where it is gradually narrowed towards the mouth edge and is not reached these ; pubes- cence very long, mainly blackish, rather sparse, on the lower parts of the face just above the buccal calli rather numerous and intermixed with a few shorter whitish hairs, on the narrow line between the facial calli very sparse, on the antennal protuberance quite bare ; jowls covered with numerous long greyish yellow tawny hairs, not beiug extended to the lower part of the back of the head. Ffoiis very small, triangular, quite bare, black and shining, but its lower half obscured by yellowish tomentum, and the antennal base luteous entirely covered with yellow tomentum ; back of the head blackish, entirely obscured by greyish tomentum, flush with the eyes but hollowed out behind, and with a very short inconspicuous blackish posterior fringe ; vertex brownish black, somewhat obscured by yel- lowish dust at the middle, conspicuously elevated, bearing rather sparse long blackish pubescence. Proboscis thinner than in the female ; palpi shorter and stouter, conspicuously shorter than half the length of the proboscis, dilated about the middle, and elevated at right angles to the proboscis ; the pubescence on both upper and outer surfaces much longer, yellowish but conspicuously mingled with long black hairs, and the pubescence on the inner surface very short, whitish, with a very few short black hairs intermixed. Eyes quite bare, touching for less than the middle third of the distance between the occiput and the antenna ; facets on the upper two-third dilated and dull yellow in death, but on the lower one thirds small and blackish with coppery reflections, the dividing line being somewhat sharply defined and running across semicircularly so that the small facets extend a long way up the back part ; two conspicuous blackish, or brownish spots on the yellow part, the large one narrow and transverse (when seen from above), parallel with the hind margin of the eye, extending from the blackish part of the eye to near the upper angle of the eye and gradually narrowed below, the small one between the former and the foremargin but below the middle of the long spot usually sub-quadrate or arc -like, no other spots found in dried specimens. Antennae with much longer but fewer blackish hairs on the two basal joints ; first joint conspicuously dilated ; third joint usually less stout, with the four apical annulations narrowed conspicuously. Thorax (and scutellum) yellowish cinereous, with three distinct blackish stripes of which the lateral ones are usually well-defined and broader than the middle one, and are not faded at the both ends and reaching to the posterior magin of the mesonotum ; but the middle one is usually extending from the extreme anterior margin of the mesonotum to the almost middle of the scutellum, the stripe in the denuded specimens being not well-defined and about equal as wide as the lateral ones ; the blackish stripes from the base of the wing-bases similar to those in the female ; scutellum about the middle part of the anterior part usually brownish, and the colour sometimes extending to nearly two-thirds behind. Pubescence on the mesonotum much numerous, longer and darker, about the hind part with a very few short yellowish one intermixed ; the pubescence about the sides of the disc strictly orange yellow, much denser and almost tawny ; the pubescenee on the scutellum very long, nearly erect, brownish, about the margins with a very few black hairs intermixed. Pleurae blackish, somewhat shining, slightly obscured by yellowish dust, the upper half of the meso-pleurae, the upper portion of the sterno-pleurae, prothorax, and meta-pjeurae, as well as the ptero-pleurae densely covered with yellowish tomentum ; the pubescence on the pleurae like in the female. Wings slightly greyish but quite hyaline, with much darker markings ; the brown fore border at the apical part well-defined, broad- er, distinctly reaching to the apex of the wings ; the basal brown portion much wider, extending to the basal thirds of the basal cell ; second basal cell at the lower third along the postical vein distinctly shaded ; cross-band more extended below, hardly reaching to the margin of the wing, leaving the centre of the discal cell and large upper part of the postical cell where they are faded and somewhat clear, in the specimens from Japan very short as in the female but intensively darker, and very slightly faded at the centre of the discal ceil. Colour of legs in the specimens from Formosa as in the female, and in the specimer ; collected in Japan conspicuously darker, with the fore coxae and basal half of the hind femora blackish, the former at the basal half of both sides with an unwell-defined yellowish spot and beneath near the apex yellowish ; the pubescence much longer and denser, the hind femora mostly short and yellowish ; but the underside mainly bearing very long somewhat tawny blackish hairs, the pubescence on the hind tibiae more than twice as long as in the female and at the inner base with much fewer very short yellow hairs intermixed. Abdomen gradually narrowed towards the apex and somewhat pointedj the colouring and markings as in the female, but the lateral stripe much narrower and almost always not conspicuously interrupted at the segmentation ; in the Japanese specimens the extreme lateral margins with a narrow blackish stripe from the third segment to the apical segment, the stripe being gradually broadened behind, and the u three posterior segments being blackish but the first one at the places between the black stripes somewhat faded ; pubescence mostly blackish, su'berect, at the yellow portions and posterior margins of* the segments with short rather dense somewhat depressed and yellowish hairs inter- mixed, and at the sides of two or three basal segments mingled with suberect, somewhat tawny, and yellowish hairs. Belly in the specimens from Japan bearing a conspicuous broad blackish (but faded by yellow tomentum) median band, which is less interrupted at the segmentations, three posterior segments entirely black but the first two slightly obscured by yellowish dust and the last one moderatly shining ; in the species from Formosa orange yellow with brownish sixth segment and black seventh ; pubescence mainly yellowish, very short, almost depressed, but at the median parts of the segments with a few long brownish hairs, in Japanese species usually blackish, much longer, and especially on the second segment bearing very few very long tawny hairs. Length : about 9 mm. I have one incomplete specimen of the ma!e, collected by the late Mr. I. Nitobe at Koshun, in South Formosa. This is much paler than others, having very inconspicuous abdominal stripes, but the wings are much more smoky, and the cross-band has a zig-zag-like outer margin. This species is easily distinguished from the other species of Chrysops by its four narrow black abdominal stripes. The handsome Chrysops seems to be rather common in the Main Island of Japan, but is never found in the northern Islands, Hokkaido or Sakhalin. I have no specimens from the Okinawa Islands, but it is probably common there, because even in Formosa it is not uncommon, distributing from the northern part to the southern ex- tremity. In Japan, females very often annoy horses by their persistent attacks, and it is usually believed that they are a transmitter of infectious anoemia of horses in Japan; in Formosa they usually bite the back or belly of cattle. I have records from Takasago, Hirosaki, Tokiq, Iyo, Kioto, Oita, Miyazaki, and Kumamoto in Japan ; from Horisha, Kagi, Koroton, Takao, Anpin, Tainan, Suihenkiaku, and Taihoku in Formosa, while many entomologists have records from Yunnan, Tygosan Island, China (Amoy), and Caucasus. My captures in Formosa range from the 3rd of April to the 23rd of August. 2. Chrysops dispar, Fabricius. (PI. I, fig. 4) c Taiwan-Mekura-AlniO Entom. System. Supplem., p. 567 {Tabanus 1798 ; Systema Antliat., p. 112, 1805. Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., p. 102, 1821 ; Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., I, p. 196, 1828. Macquart, Dipt. Exot., I, p. 159, 1838; Suppl., 3, p. 14, 1848. Walker, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus., I. 195, 1848 ; V, Suppl., I, p. 229, 1854. V. d. Wulp, Sumatra Exped., Dipt, p. 19, 1881 ; Catal. Dipt. South Asia, p. 65, 1896. Osten-Sacken, Annal. Mus. Civ. Genova, XVI, p. 418, 1882 ; Berlin Ent. Zeitschr., XXVI, p. 97, 1882, Roeder, Ent. Nachricht., XIX, p. 234, 1893. Ricado, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IX, p. 374, 1902 ; Ann. Mus. Hung., XI, 1, p. 173, 1913; Rec. Ind. Mus., IV, p. 380, pi. XV, fig. 3, 191 1. Matsumura, Thous. Ins. Japan, Addit., II, p. 384, pi. XXII, fig. 13, igiej^H^^^.^fg, p. 69, pi. 10, fig. 9, i9i4(# < t> Shiraki, Tokubetsu-IIokoku, Agr. Exp. St. Govrn. of Formosa, VIII, p. 280, 1913 (fc { b the upper part of the meso-pleurae, and the meta-pleurae ; on the upper. and hind part of the meso-pleurae there is a dense very conspicuous tawny patch of long shaggy hairs, and a similar patch is almost equally conspicuous on the meta-pleurae and prothorax, but below these patches the pleurae bear only very scattered whitish yellow hairs ; on thy\ narrow lateral brownish stripes between the mesonotum and pleurae there are a very (cw brownish hairs. Wings rather large with the usual brown band, and apical spot; the former is rather narrow occupying about the j length of the discal cell and only reaching beyond the lower branch of the postical vein, the inner margin extending from the base of the cubital vein to the base of the lower branch of the postical vein, slightly double-arched, and at the end of the discal vein slightly angulated outwards ; the out~r margin of the cross-band irregular, extending from after the end of the subcostal vein to the end of the lower branch of the post- ical vein, in the submarginal cell it is moderately curved inwards, and at the cubital vein right-angled, somewhat straight from the cubital vein to near the third veinlet of the discal vein but obliquely curved inwards in the first posterior cell, and the portion from the third veinlet to near the lower branch of the postical vein nearly straight but not well-defined, oblique and somewhat parallel with the base of the upper branch of the postical vein, as it is obtusely angu- late at the third veinlet of the discal vein, and then bent outwards running - llong the lower branch of the postical vein ; the apical spot the same width throughout, only crossing the upper branch of the cubital fork at its apex; the basal brown mirkin j rather small, occupy- ing both the basal half of the upper basal cell and the extreme base of the second basal cell; discal cell rath-r short slightly longer and 47 broader than the third posterior' cell ; fourth posterior cell contracted at the margin of the wing at where the width is about as its basal width ; anal cell is usually closed at the wing-margin but in sometimes conspicuously open ; upper branch of the cubital fork without any veinlet. Squamae pale brown with darker margins, and with a fairly obvious fringes ; halteres blackish brown. Legs reddish yellow, knees darker, the base of the hind femora and the four apical joints of the tarsi blackish ; front coxae moderately dilated, slightly longer than half the length of the' fore femora, furnished with a fairly abundant pale pubescence which becomes longer at the upper basal part ; fore femora (without the trochanter) as long as the tibiae, with a somewhat sparse blackish pubescence which is usually inconspicuous but on the upper margin is fairly conspicuous and pale yellow ; middle femora sometimes with an irregular blackish spot on the lower base, shorter than the tibiae, pubescence brownish, fairly conspicuous, on the lower margin there are rather abundant longer paler hairs ; hind femora distinctly shorter than the tibiae, not very dilated, the basal blackish part sometimes extending near the apex in the inner surface, furnished with rather abundant yellowish pubescence which becomes longer at the lower margin ; fore tibiae very slightly covered, at the middle, with very short blackish brown pubescence ; middle tibiae covered with very short inconspicuous blackish brown pubescence and bearing two subequal blackish spurs ; hind tibiae fur- nished with abundant blackish pubescence and with two black fringes of which the upper one is much conspicuous, and bearing two rather slender blackish spurs ; tarsi with blackish claws and yellowish pulvilli. Abdomen broad, rather short and gradually narrowed apically with a round apex, appearing a variable in colouring ; in some speci- mens it is quite blackish, while in the others it is quite yellowish, in each case yellowish tomentum decorates nearly throughout the surface. Dorsum slightly convex, the apical part slightly sloping below ; the two basal segments pale orange yellow, the first segment with a large irregularly shaped blackish spot in the middle, the second segment with two chevron-like black spots not quite joining above, their bases- resting on the posterior border; the remaining segments in the darker specimens almost black, with narrow yellowish or yellowish grey borders extending in the middle to triangular spots, and with a trace of a yellowish spot on each side of the third segment, in sometimes the yellowish trace not occuring ; in the yellowish species the yellow colour being more expanding and on the posterior segments more ex- tending leaving only black spots very similar to those in the second segment but not converging so much towards each other, and the lateral reddish yellow spots conspicuously occuring oa the third and fourth segments, these two segments usually having the similar but inconspicuous reddish yellow spots at the extreme sides ; pubescence scattered on all over the surfaces yellowish, on the second segment it is intermixed with blackish hairs at the sides, and the pubescence on the blackish parts is mostly black. Ventre usually strongly convex but at the apex quite flat, blackish obscured by a more dense yellow- ish tomentum, two basal segments with the yellowish lateral markings and the remaining segments with a narrow yellowish posterior border ; in the paler specimens the three basal segments almost entirely yellow and the remainings blackish with a narrow yellowish grey posterior margin ; pubescence very fine, almost depressed, yellowish. Length : 8- 1 1 mm. Male. Not much, like the female, because of the more ex- tensive yellow markings about the side of the abdomen an 1 generally yellowish orange. Head broader than the thorax. Face pale orange yellow, mainly covered with the shining pale reddish yellow calli, two facial calli leaving a narrow intermediate yellow stripe which widens out at its top just under the antennae and which also usually widens out a little at its lower end just above the mouth; at the bottom part of eacli facial callus there is a deep pit, and beneath tint a fairly large yellowish patch which usually extends to the eye- margin and conse- quently separates the facial and buccal calli, but the facial and oral calli are united on each side of the middle yellow line ; buccal calli moderate in size, trans\ese, and hardly connected with the oral calli along the mouth-edge ; jowls below the buccal calli greyish yellow and extending right across from the lower eye-angles to the mouth- margin ; pubescence on the face composing of rather long brownish black hairs, which leave most of the protuberant shining pale reddish calli bare, as well as the yellow middle line and the upper mouth- margin, though even on parts of these a very few blackish hairs exist ; on the jowls and right across behind the mouth there are numerous longer yellowish white hairs ; back of the head black entirely obscured by a greyish yellow tomentum, flush with the eyes but hollow- ed out behind, and with a very short close blackish postocular fringe. Vertex brownish black, protuberant, and with somewhat abundant blackish hairs; frons small, triangular, quite bare from pubescence, shining black with a greyish yellow fore-border which extends all round the base of the antennae and joins the yellow middle line of the face, while a very narrow greyish yellow line extends down the extreme eye-margin to the large yellow patch below the facial calli. Proboscis much shorter, longer than half the depth of the head, moderately stout, blackish brown, slightly shining, the sucker-flaps bearing very short blackish pubescence except for a few hairs beneath the sucker-fa is ; palpi dick and short, curved below and inwards, pale reddish yellow, shining, furnished with a short blackish pubescence which is intermixed with a few long yellowish hairs about the base, at the apex there are a very few curved black hairs, about two-thirds as long as the proboscis and moderately dilated about the middle." Antennae usual, shorter than the thorax, and stouter than in the female . first joint about as long as the second joint, somewhat con- spicuously dilated especially at the basal half, pale reddish yellow, shining, bearing mixed short and long black hairs which are not very .50 abundant ; second joint distinctly narrower and darker than the basal joint, darker towards the apex, furnished with the similar but much dense black pubescence, usually without any inconspicuous annulations ; third joint much more upturned at the tip, dull black except the basal part reddish yellow, at the apex with a few somewhat conspicuous black pubescence. Eyes quite bare from pubescence, touching for less than the middle third of the disiance between the occiput and antennae ; facets on the larger upper part dilated and yellowish brown or yellow in death, but on the smaller lower part small and purplish black with somewhat coppery reflections according to varying lights ; the dividing Hue being somewhat sharply defined and running across semicircularly so that the small facets extend a long way up the back part ; the large blackish purple middle spot near the upper margin of the smaller blackish lower part of the eye triangular with a fiat upper margin, and between it and the foremargin but slightly higher up a smaller second subquadrate spot, below the second spot the usual lower spot which is moderately large and transverse subquadrate, the hind marginal band not notched at any part and broadest about the hind lower angle o. the eye ; in the larger yellowish upper part of the eye a narrow transverse purplish brown line which extends from near the occipital angle to the middle of the large middle spot, being parallel with the upper margin, and an isolated similar coloured spot between it and the facial margin somewhat long triangular with flat upper margin and little smaller than the large triangular spot in the blackish part. Thorax blackish, moderately obscured by a dense brownish dust, slightly shining, short and robust, in the part between the bases of wings it is broadest and is gradually but distinctly narrowed towards the anterior margin, much more shorter than in the female. Thorax with two distinct median greyish yellow or yellow tomentose stripes which are similarly separated by a not well-defined brownish black line and expanding from the anterior margin to the posterior margin, being nearly united from each other at both the ends ; the lateral •r>l orange yellow stripes on the sides usually broader than in the female ; pubescence on the disc yellowish but varying to brownish, rather long, numerous but not obscuring the ground colour at all on the disc ; a patch of the similar but more abundant (rather dense) hairs extending on each lateral stripe from the humeri almost to the postalar calli ; a narrow brownish stripe between the notum and pleurae extending from just below the humeri to the wing-bases and bearing fairly abundant long orange yellow pubescence with a few conspicuons long black hairs. Scutellum large, blackish but obscured by a grey tomentum excepting of the basal half brownish dusted ; pubescence much more numerous than in the thorax, rather longer and yellowish. Pleurae blackish, much more obscured by a greyish tomentum than the notum ; prothorax, the upper part of the meso-pleurae, the meta-pleurae, and the posterior upper part of the sterno-pleurae densely covered with a yellowish tomentum, and three formers bearing a dense very con- spicuous yellow patch of long shaggy hairs ; pubescence on the rest very scattered, yellowish. Wings as in the temale, but the basal hyaline band is gradually narrowed because the basal blackish marking expands to more than the basal half of the upper basal cell and to more than the basal thirds of the second basal cell ; centre of the discal cell sometimes paler. I^egs as in the female but generally darker and much more hairy ; fore coxae covered with denser longer yellowish grey hairs, and bearing a very few short blackish pubescence about the apex ; fore femora furnished with fairly abundant black pubescence which becomes very long at the outer and upper surface, and which is very short and is almost inconspicuous at the inner surface, there is no yellowish one ; middle femora covered with numerous long black pubescence which becomes very short at the upper margin, and about the base of the outer surface there are numerous long yellowish hairs with a very few blackish pubescence intermixed ; hind femora furnished wi th numerous very long yellowish pubescence intermixed with fairly 62 abundant similarly long black hairs, these black and yellowish hairs all becoming shoter towards the upper surfac : ; fore tibiae with very short, inconspicuous in some part, black pubescence ; middle tibiae covered with similar pubescence ani bearing two unequal blackish spurs; on the hind tibiae the pubescence is black and becon e longer at the upper and lower margins, the two spvtrs blackish and about as long as in the middle tibiae ; pulvilli gryish yellow. Abdomen usually a little longer than the head and thorax (in- cluding the scutellum) together, broadest at the base ot the second segment and gradually narrowed posteriorly, the apex being pointed, orange yellow excepting of the apical three segments black. Dorsum more convex than in the female; first scgnent blackish, with the small orange yellow lateral markings which are very rarely wanted ; the following three segments with two oblique black spots in the middle of each disc, these spots at the base generally united from each other, leaving the triangular middle orange yellow spot which is connected with the narrow greyish yellow posterior border, but sometimes all or some of them separated throughout their length by a narrow orange yellow stripe which is about same in width ; the anal black segments with an inconspicuous (in sometime 5 very coivp'cuous) greyish yellow line in the middle of the disc, on the first one of these segments the inconspicuous reddish spots very rarely occur before the lateral margins ; pubescence short, orange yellow, becoming longer at the sides of the basal two segments and on the middle orange yellow triangle spots in the second and third segments ; the orange pubescence mostly rather inconspicuous but that on the apical three segments distinct especially on the posterior margin of each segment ; on almost whole the surface there is an other conspicuous pubescence which is longer and black, and becomes much longer at the black median spots. Ventre convex ; first two segments with the small mibdle black spot in which the posterior one is much smaller and paler, and which is a stripe l:ke marking ; pubescence yellowish, short, with a little darker long hairs; 53 genitalia brownish black with two yellowish apical lamellae which have round apical margin and bear a few pale hairs. Length : 9-IO.3 mm. This species is easily distinguished from the other species of Japan by its peculiar somewhat zig-zag-shaped cross-band of the wings. It probably occurs throughout Formosa, although I have taken it from a few localities, Taihoku, Tamsui, Kagi, Tainan and Kosempo. In my observations during a few years, Chrysops sinensis is common in Formosa but the occurence is not so abundant as in C. dispar. It is recorded from May 15th to November 10th in Formosa, while it is known that it occurs in China. The female generally attacks cattle in the afternoon but especially near the sunset, and it often bites the back of a human body when any part is bare. On the 10th of November in 19 17, my wife had her arm pierced by the fema'e in a room already lighted up about nine o'clock in the evening, and its effect continued for wholly two days, remaining a small swollen point, but she felt not much irritation. 4. Chrysops suavis, Loew. (PL I, figs. 7 & 8.) CMckura-Abii) Wien. Ent. Monatschr., II, p. 103, 1858; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, VIII, p. 620, 1858. Ricaido, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IX, pp. 427 & 430, 1902. Kertesz, Cat., Dipt., Ill, p. 198, 1908. Chrysops dispar, Matsumura, Thous. Ins. Japan, II, p. 81, pi. XXIV, fig- 5. I905- Rather large species with the black femora, with the black abdomen, with the conspicuous orange markings at the sides of the two basal segments, and with the apical abdomenal segments black leaving a narrow orange yellow median stripe. Female Head rather small, about as broad as the thorax. Frons quadrate with the straight sides, very slightly broadened towards 54 the antennae, narrower than the width of the head, densely covered with a yellow tomentuni except on both the frontal callus and ocellar portion, the yellow part usually separated by a fine very short longi- tudinal black and shining line which extends from the frontal callus to the ocellar triangle, and the lateral yellow parts consequently triangular in shape ; pubescence very few, yellowish, not long ; frontal callus large almost occupied the lower half of the frons, but hardly touching to the eye-margins, convex, black and shining, its upper margin convex and its lower margin slightly angulated at the middle, with a narrow double arched yellow line between the antennae and frontal callus ; vertex black and shining, but covered with a yellow dust behind the ocellar triangle which is somewhat convex and brownish, and bears a few short somewhat darker hairs ; occiput greyish brown because it is slightly covered with a greyish yellow tomentuni, a few long yellow- ish hairs just behind the vertex. Face orange yellow, moderately convex and slightly produced below, longer than half the width of the face ; yellow intermediate stripe short, pointed below, and suddenly broadened transversely just before the antennae, not reaching below beyond the lateral deep pits ; yellow lateral patch as in the male of Chrysops dispar, Fab., but usually orange yellow ; facial calli black and shining, rather larger and circular, united with a very short un- divided oral callus which is similar colour and is broader than its length but somewhat roundish ; buccal calli large, black and shining, extending from the eye-margin to near the base of palpi, transverse and somewhat quadrate ; jowls behind the buccal calli black and shin- ing, but at the outersides narrowly covered with a yellowish dust, the yellowish line becoming very narrow and extending np to the occiput along the eye-margin, the rest part usually inconspicuously obscured by a yellowish tomentuni which extends through the back of the head, bearing rather numerous moderately long yellowish soft hairs which become very short and extend up to the back of the head at where these are onlv appeared iust behind the narrow yellow line along the eye-margin ; pubescence on the face very fine, yellowish, very few, and almost inconspicuous but on the lateral yellow patches somewhat distinct, and on the calli almost entirely bare. Proboscis stout, about as long as the depth of the head, brownish black, very slightly dusted with greyish, bearing a few short rather bristle-like blackish pubescence and with rather broad similarly colored sucker-flaps which are furnished with a very few rather short (but longer than that on the proboscis) blackish pubescence beneath ; palpi lying against the proboscis, brownish black, somewhat shining and moderately obscured by a yellowish dust at the outerside, stout, broadest near the base and then gradually nar- rowed towards the apex which is blunt, very slightly curved forewards just before the middle, slightly longer than half the length of the proboscis; pubescence on the palpi very fine, almost inconspicuous but at the outerside rather long, pale yellowish beneath. Antennae slender, conspicuously longer than twice as long as the head, blackish brown with the yellowish first joint ; basal joint a little longer than the second, very slightly dilated, usually yellow or brownish yellow and very rarely distinctly brown at the apical one-third and sometimes darker towards the tip, sparsely furnished with short black hairs ; second joint thinner than the first, yellowish brown to blackish brown, with some inconspi- cuous annulations, and bearing a few (but much numerous than on the first joint) black pubescence ; third joint rather slender, slightly upturned at the tip, longer than the two basal joints together, mostly darker, quite bare, bearing f\vc distinct annulations of which the first is stouter than the first antennal joint and is rather dully coloured, and its basal one thirds is usually conspicuously paler ; the apical annulation of the third antennal joint as long as the two preceding ones together, its apex usually very slightly incised and without any fine hairs. Eyes with the facets all equal ; in death deep black somewhat coppery, occip- ital and hind margin with an inconspicuous deep purplish brown border which is about equal in width but slightly notched about the middle : the rest of the eye with four similary coloured isolated spots, of 50 which the top spot is largest and is extending from the about the mid- dle of the frontal margin to just above the centre of the eye ; the lowest one next in size, transversely oblique, subquadrate, placed near the outside of the middle of the lateral yellew patches on the face ; the middle one near the eye-margin, smallest and circular, placed near the anterior angle of the eye ; the last spot somewhat triangular, placed just behind the centre of the eye. Thorax rather large, moderately shining, black covered with a very inconspicuous yellowish dust, with two distinct narrow yellowish stripes which are faded towards the posterior border the space between these stripes slightly tinged with a pale yellowish dust but at the middle quite bare from this dust from the anterior margin to the posterior ; the lateral margins of the meso- notum with a distinct yellow stripe which is about equal in width to the middle stripes and* is fused with those at the anterior part ; the side of the thorax with a conspicuous narrow blackish brown stripe from the anterior extremity between the humeri and prothorax to the base of the wings ; humeri moderate in size, covered with a yellowish tomentum, not strongly convex ; praealar calli triangular, rather flat but moderately large, mostly covered with the lateral yellow stripes but at the lower margins occupied by the blackish stripes on the sides ol the thorax ; pubescence mostly brownish, erect and fine, intermixed with suberect short golden yellow hairs which are almost always denuded when caught by net ; pubescence on the sides deep golden yellow, conspicuously dense and rather long. Pleurae black and with a very inconspicuous greyish tomentum, somewhat shining, but prothorax, the upper half of the meso-pleurae, and the meta-pleurae entirely covered with a yellowish tomentum and also with numerous long golden yellow hairs, and the middle part of the ptero-pleurae and the upper border of the sterno-pleurae slightly dusted with yellowish grey ; pubescence on the pleurae mostly scarce and yellowish but rather long. Scutellum rather large, somewhat semicircular, black but very inconspicuously obscured by a yellowish dust, moderately shining, bearing rather nu- 5.7 rr.erous yellowish brown pubescence which is longer than that on the disc of the thorax. Wings rather large, about equal as long as the body, quite clear, with the well-defined blackish anterior border which is broadened at the base of the wing, but expanding only to the extreme base of the basal cell, and is extending to just before the wing-apex ; cross- band broadest in all of our species of the genus, its outer margin usually convex about the cubital vein and concave at the third veinlet from the discal cell, its inner margin from the tip of the praefurca to the lower end of the lower cross-vein usually straight, and running along the basal portion of the upper branch of the postical fork and then angularly bent downwards at the base of the lower branch of the postical fork, reaching the apex of the anal cell ; postical cell at the middle somewhat distinctly clear, this clear portion extending from the posterior margin (at where it is broad and almost quite clear) to the base at where it is hardly conspicuous and very narrow ; anal cell usually closed just before the margin, but sometimes distinctly open ; fourth posterior cell usually contracted at the margin ; discal cell always no hyaline patch, but in only one specimen from Tokio very inconspicuous pale spot in the middle ; the upper branch of the cubital fork without any recurrent veinlet. Squamae usually smoky brown, with the blackish margins, and bearing a black fringe on the alar pair but on the thoracal pair with a very inconspicuous yellowish fringe ; halteres brownish black, rather small with the very thin stalk. Legs blackish brown to black, excepting of the bases ot the middle and hind tarsi and of the middle tibiae pale brown to reddish brown ; fore coxae longer than half the length of the femora, covered with long pale yellow hairs ; fore femora including the trochanter a little longer than the tibiae, bearing blackish pubescence which becomes longer towards the outer and upper surfaces ; fore tibiae very slightly dilated about the middle, rather densely covered with very short depres- sed blackish hairs ; middle femora including the trochanter about as 58 long as the tibiae, bearing blackish pubescence which becomes longer at the apical portion below, on the mostly part of the lower surface long, scarce and yellowish, and on the basal outer surface very sparse, short and yellowish ; middle tibiae at the extreme apex usually darker, bearing short blackish pubescence and with two subequal blackish apical spurs ; hind femora much shorter than the tibiae, bearing a black short pubescence with rather long yellowish hiirs intermixed on the basal two-third and sometimes the yellowish pubescence extending through the lower surface, but this yellowish one usually inconspicuous on the denuded specimens ; hind tibiae slightly dilated, rather densely covered with short blackish hairs which are almost suberect and are sometimes rather long and paler, two apical spurs almost equal in length, blackish and not smaller than these on the middle tibiae ; pulvilli rather long, yellowish. Abdomen a little longer than the head and thorax (including the scutellnm) together, much broader than the thorax at the two basal segments, gradually narrowed from the third segment to the apex and never pointed but the posterior end almost always broad and very slightly curved posteriorly. Dorsum very slightly shining but rather dull coloured ; first segment black, somewhat brownish, with the yellow lateral patches which are obliquely extending to just below the side of the scutellum ; second segment largest, yellow at the middle, with two short black stripes which are extending from just above the middle of the disc to the posterior margin, and curved outwards and sometimes pointed forewards ; the following five segments black, with a narrow yellow median stripe which is extending to the sixth segment but us- ually faded on the last two segments ; third segment very often (but sometimes wanting), bearing a small reddish yellow spot near the anterior margin between the median yellow stripe and lateral margins of the disc, the spot usually opening at its anterior margin ; pubescence on the dorsum short and rather depressed, golden yellow on the yellow portion and blackish on the black portion but on the apical four seg- ments with sliort golden yellow hairs intermixed, and on the yellowish spots on the third segment no trace of the yellow pubescence ; the sides of the abdomen blackish except the first segment yellow, furnished with a rather short (but slightly longer than that on the disc) yellow pubescence. Ventre slightly shining ; the basal two segments yellow, sometimes bearing a greyish irregular spot at the middle of each seg- ment ; third segment mostly yellowish, usually slightly tinged with reddish, the lateral margins and posterior border brown or blackish ; the following ones black but slightly obscured by a yellow tomentum especially conspicuous at the lateral and posterior borders of each segment ; pubescence rather dense and short, golden yellow. Length : 9-1 1 mm. Male. Distinctly distinguished from the famale by the blackish markings on both the wings and abdomen. Head about as wide as the thorax. Frons somewhat long, mostly black and shining but the antennal protuberance (which is distinctly separated by a blackish groove between the antennae) covered with a greyish dust leaving around the antennal insertions quite bare ; vertex black, somewhat tinged with brown, less prominent and lower than in all of our species of the genus, bearing a few rather long blackish hairs on the anterior half, and with a few long overhanging yellowish fringe behind ; occiput slightly convex, black but somewhat obscured by a yellow dust, bearing a few blackish hairs on the upper part just below the vertex. Face convex more than in the female ; the intermediate yellow line much narrower than in the female, extend- ing from the upper mouth-edge to just below the antenannae, and slightly but suddenly broadened at just before transverse suture below the anntenae ; facial calli much larger, somewhat pentagonal, reaching to both the eye-margin and antennal tubercle at the upper-outer angle ; oral calli rather small, each somewhat elliptical, fused with the lower margin of the facial callus and expanding to just inside of the incons- picuous longitudinal furrow extended from the facial deep pit to the 60 upper-inter angle of the buccal callus ; baccal call! very large, trans- verse, extending from the eye-margin to the lower mouth-edge ; the lateral yellow patches obliquely transverse, somewhat subquadrate, expanding from the eye-margin to the inside of the facial deep pit at where the upper margin of the yellow patches is bent upward and is extended to the middle of the inconspicuous furrow between the facial and oral calli ; the lower-inner angle of the patch narrowly stretching to the base of the palpi, the expanded narrow portion not yellow but greyish; calli all black and highly polished, and jowls entirely black, shining, and almost quite bare from dust. Pubescence on the face conspicuous and long, like the other species, mostly brownish but on the yellow patch with yellowish hairs intermixed, rather numerous but on the facial calli scarcer and on the oral calli almost absolutely bare ; pubescence on the buccal calli much longer and rather denser ; jowls covering numerous long rather soft yellowish pubescence which be- comes shorter and extends up to the lower angle of the eye until it emerges into the blackish fringe at the eye-margin. Eyes in death deep black and with somewhat brilliant greenish reflections, quite bare, touching less than the middle third of the distance from the occiput to the antennae ; facets about half dilated above, but on the lower half small, its dividing line being not sharply defined and running across somewhat semicircularly so that small facets extend a short way up the back part ; the markings on the eyes deep purplish somewhat similar to those in the female but all of them larger, the onter lower triangular spot much larger and slightly touching to the longest transverse (when seen from above) one, the upper frontal one exceedingly larger and irregularly circular, the middle one somewhat circular not much larger, and the lowest one transverse and reaching the eye-margin as in the female ; marking on the lower and hind margin subequal in width and conspicuously and sharply notched at almost near the outer angle of the triangular spot. Proboscis short but somewhat stout, shorter than two-thirds the depth of the head, black, and inconspicuously dusted €1 with yellowish but moderately shining, bearing a few short blackish pubescence which is quite similar to that in the female, and with rather large sucker-flaps ; palpi about two-thirds as long as the proboscis, blackis'i and moderately shining, very inconspicuously covered with a greyish dust on the outerside, much longer and slender than those in the female, somewhat dilated near the base and gradually narrowed to- wards the apex and then somewhat pointed ; pubescence on the palpi brownish black and long, especially on both the base and upper surface, very scarcer on the lower surface, lying less against the proboscis. Antennae blackish brown with the dull yellow first joint, which is longer and stouter than the second, and is slightly smoky at the apex ; second joint subannulated, covered with blackish pubescence which is slightly shoter than that on the first but much numerous ; third joint dark brown or black, narrower than in the female at the base. Thorax black, somewhat obscured by a brown dust, slightly shining, with two well-defined fine yellowish stripes on the disc, and with a broad yellow stripe at the side of the disc, the former not reaching to the posterior margin and hardly extending to the posterior one thirds, the latter extending through the whole length of the side ; the lateral blackish band from the prothorax to the base of the wing distinct and partly covered with long blackish hairs ; pubescence on the disc nearly erect, long, and blackish brown, mingled with rather short subdepressed yellowish hairs, on the side ( = lateral yellow stripe) very dense, suberect and directed above, golden yellow, but this golden pubescence rather sparser on the postalar calli, and with a few long rather stout blackish hairs on the praealar calli intermixed ; scutellum black aad very slightly tinged with a greyish yellow dust, moderately shining somewhat triangular with a round posterior angle, bearing a rather few long yellowish hairs ; pleurae blackish, moderately obscured by a yellowish tomentum and furnished with a long rather numerous yellowish pubescence ; prothorax, the upper part of the meso-pleurae, and the meta-pleurae conspicuously covered with a yellowish tomentum 62 and .furnished with dense and long golden yellow hairs. Wings much -shorter than the length of the body ; the basal blackish portion expanded towards the apical border of the basal cell and fused with the cross-band at the basal angle of the postical cell, leaving only a small quite clear spot which narrowly extends from the praefurca to the short basal portion of the upper branch of the post- ical fork along the inner margin of the cross-band, this clear spot broadened on the upper basal cell and its inner margin extending from just behind the base of the praefurca to the base of the upper branch of the potical fork being inwardly angulated at the discal vein; cross- band more well-defined, with the straight outer margin, and with the inner margin like that in the female ; postical cell much inconspicuously lightened from the base to the margin . of the wing ; anal cell closed before margin and fourth posterior cell contracted at the margin but less than in the female ; upper branch of the cubital fork without re- current veinlet. Squamae and halteres like in the female. Legs much haired and the clour similar to the female ; fore coxae much longer than half the length of the femora, rather conspicuously dusted with yellowish grey, bearing much longer brown pubescence with very long yellowish hairs intermixed on the outer basal part ; fore femora furnished with a rather long blackish pubescence which becomes denser towards the apex; fore tibiae slightly shorter than the femora (including the trochanter), bearing short rather depressed blackish pubescence ; middle femora on the lower surface furnished with a few extremely long blackish brown hairs which become shorter but denser at the apical portion ; hind femora covered with short rather stout somewhat depressed blackish hairs on the upper surface and furnished with conspicuously long same coloured hairs which become slightly shorter but not denser towards the apex ; hind tibiae moderately dilated, bearing a blackish pubescence as in the female but distinctly longer, and with two thin but rather long almost equal brown apical spurs which are longer than the subequal somewhat stouter ones on the m yellowish middle tibiae. ; Abdomen much broader, slightly longer than the head and thorax (including the scutellum) together. Dorsum blackish and mo- derately shining, with the large quadrate lateral orange yellow spots at the base and a narrow orange yellow median stripe extended from the posterior margin of the second segment to the fifth segment, as well as two conspicuous small, round, reddish yellow spots on the third segment ; the lateral quadrate yellow spots occupying about one-third of the second segment leaving a narrow posterior black margin but their outer borders narrowly extending from the anterior margin of the first segment to the posterior margin of the second, bearing short rather depressed yellow pubescence which becomes longer and much erect at the side and is intermixed with a very few blackish hairs on the first segment ; a small distinct spot on about the middle of the lateral half of the third segment ; pubescence short, rather dense and mostly suberect, blackish brown, intermixed with a few short depressed yellowish hairs on both the hind part and yellow median stripe. Ventre like in the female, but the first segment with a conspicuous large triangular dull black spot expanded to just before the middle of the second segment which has also a small well-defined same coloured spot just below angle of the preceding spot and the third segment bearing a narrow longitudinal black spot near its lateral margin. Length : 7-10.2 mm. This speces is easily distinguished from the other species of this genus, by the large cross-band about uniformly coloured, and reaching to the posterior margin, and varies but little in the Japanese specimen I have seen, and as I have already described. The above description of the male has been made from only one specimen, collected at Taka- sago in Japan, by Prof. S. Matsumura, this being conspicuously distin- guished from the female by the colouring of the abdomen, and by the wing-marking. The rather large species, is very common in Hokkaido, and is 64 very often found on the back of cattle or horses, as well as in shrubs. I have records from Sapporo, Josankei, Morioka and Takasago, from July 26th to August 1st. 5. Chrysops basalis» Shir. (n. sp.) (PI. II, figs. 2 & 3 ; PI. IX. figs. 3 & 4.) CKiposhi-Mekiira-AlmO Smallest species with the black abdomen except the second seg- ment almost entirely yellow, and the wings with a broad cross-band which is extremely deeply incised from the posterior margin. Very closely allied to the preceding species. Female. Head rather large, much broader than the thorax, frons broad, usually parallel-sided but sometimes very slightly divergent towards the antennae, depressed across the middle because the ocellar triangle above and the large frontal callus below are rather elevated, black or blackish castaneus brown, shining but the part between the frontal callus and vertex very minutely granulated and concave ; antennal tubercle at the middle deeply incised above, brown slightly obscured by a greyish tomentum below the frontal callus, which is very large, convex and shining black or dark brownish black, the up- per margin of the callus being very slightly incised and its lower margin being moderately angulated ; pubescence on the frons rather long and pale yellow, and on both the callus and antennal tubercle quite bare, vertex blackish moderately convex, with an inconspicuous ocellar tubercle which is somewhat conspicuously dusted with yellowish, this colour at the lower side outwardly obliquely expanding to near the upper margin of the frontal callus but very narrowly like a fine stripe ; pubescence on the vertex long and mainly pale yellow with a very few blackish hairs intermixed ; occiput blackish, somewhat con- spicuously obscured by a yellowish dust, and furnished with rather numerous long somewhat puffed yellowish hairs. Face similar to Chrysops suavis\ whitish; yellow intermediate stripe short, much nar- rower than that in suavis, triangularly widened just below the antennae and pointed below, not reaching below beyond the lateral deep pits ; yellow lateral patches obliquely transverse, narrow, not triangular as in mavis, extending from the eye-margin to the mouth-edge ; facial calli blackish brown and shining, very large and somewhat circular, united with a somewhat triangular undivided oral callus which is longer than the width and is much darker than the facial calli ; buccal calli large, hlackish and polished, extending from the eye-margins to the bases of palpi, transverse and somewhat triangular ; jowls behind the buccal calli black and shining, but very inconspicuously dusted through the whole surface. Pubescence on the face very fine, yellowish, and almost inconspicuous but on both the lateral patches and intermediate stripe somewhat distinct, and on the calli almost entirely bare but on the lower part of the oral callus somewhat recognisable ; pubescence on the jowls rather numerous, long and yellow, much longer towards the mouth-edge, and becoming shorter towards the eye-margin and back of the head. Back of the head greyish black, slightly shining, and slightly obscured by a whitish tomentum. Proboscis not stout, a little shorter than the depth of the head, brownish black, slightly dusted with greyish yellow, bearing a few short and erect rather bristle-like brownish hairs on the lower apical portion ; sucker-flaps somewhat shining, furnished with a very few erect and short, but longer than that on the stalk, blackish pubescence beneath ; palp? lying against the proboscis, brown, darkened towards the tip, slightly shining, but very inconspicuously dusted with greyish yellow specially on the lower surface, very slightly curved forwards, narrow and gradually narrowed towards the apex which is not pointed, longer than half the length of the proboscis ; pubescence on the palpi yellow- ish, fine but conspicuous, excepting of that on the inner surface. Antennae slender, about as long as the thorax (not including the scutellum), yellowish brown ; basal joint yellowish to pale yellow- ish brown, cylindrical, slightly longer and very slightly broader than the second joint, furnished with a few short blackish pubescences- second joint very slightly thicker towards the apex, yellowish brown, to brown, somewhat blackish, with three somewhat distinct annulation-,: and bearing somewhat numerous stout and short (but longer than those on the first joint) blackish hairs ; third joint about as long as the two basal joints together, distinctly upturned at the tip, mostly greyish black, quite bare from pubescence, bearing five distinct annula- tions o\ which the first is stouter than the first antennal joint and is about as long as the following joints together, as well as it is rather paler and yellowish at the basil one-third, this annulation having 3 indistinct contracted portions when seen from above ; apical annulation of the third antennal joint longer than the preceding one but shorter than the two preceding ones together, with a blunt apex at where a few very inconspicuous hairs are seen under the microscope. Eyes with the facets all equal; in death deep greenish black, occipital and hind margin with an inconspicuous deep purplish black holder which is broadened below and not notched about the middle ; rest of the eye with four inconspicuous deep purplish black isolated spots, of which the top one is largest and transverse (but slightly oblique) when seen from above, and is extending from about the middle of the frontal margin (hardly touching the margin) to far above the centre of the eye ; the lowest spot obliquely transverse and subquadrate, and placed above the lower angle of the eye and slightly touching to the eye-margin ; the middle spot smallest, somewhat triangular but with angle rounded, placed near the inner angle of the eye but entirely apart from the eye- margin and in equidistance from both the upper and lower spots ; the fourth spot ( = central spot) next in size, rather long almost parallel to the occipital band, the both ends sharply pointed, at the middle trian- glarly noched forwards, and entirely isolated from the others. Thorax rather snail, a little longer than the width, moderately shining, black covering with a very inconspicuous greyish white dust, m on the disc with two.' indistinct " whitish sliipjs- which are hardly': reach- ing to the hind ■ one-thirds, the1 spnce • between ' these stripes 'ircry inconspicuously, but sOme what muclv distinct more than that on the rest of the1 disc, dusted; the lateral margins of the thorax with a distinct whitish yellow stripe which is- about three times as 'wide as ♦he median stripes and is hardly united with those at the* anterior paft, as well as it' is extending" to the postalar calli ; the side of the thorax with a conspicuous narrow blackish' brown stripe1 just below the yellowish lateral stripes and extending from the posterior extreme between the humeri and profhorax to the base of the wing ; humeri moderate in size, but distinctly smaller than that in the preceding species, covered with a greyish yellow dust, somewhat convex about as large as the prothorax ; praealar calli large and triangular, not convex, almost entirely covered with the lateral stripes, but the extreme lower margin occupied by the lateral stripe ; pubescence mostly pale yellowish, suberect, rather numerous, and almost entirely not intermixed with any others; pubescence on the side pale golden yellow, conspicuously dense and rather long, by which the lateral yellowish stripes are almost entirely covered. Pleurae brownish black, but slightly obscured ^ty a greyish dust, somewhat shining; prothorax, the upper half of the mesb- pleurae, and the meta-pleurae covered with a greyish yellow tbmentum and also with pale golden yellow hairs which on both the prothorax and meta-pleurae are rather less1; ptero-pleurae and the upper borddr of the sterno-pleurae slightly dusted with greyish; pubescence on the pleurae, except on the part3 mentioned above, scarce, fine but rather long, yellowish. Scutellum rather small, somewhat triangular with a rounded posterior angle, deep brownish black obscured very slightly by a greyish yellow tomentum, moderately shining and bearing a rather numerous suberect pale yellowish pubescence which is longer than that on the disc of the thorax. Wings moderate in size, distinctly shorter than the length of the body, clear, with the well-defined blackish anterior border which •8 is irregularly widened below at the base of the wing, and is extending to the wing-apex ; cross^band well-defined, blackish without any cleared spot on the proper band, with almost straight outer margin (in some specimens very slightly outwardly angulated in the submar- ginal cell), from about two-third the length of the radial vein to near the end of the third veinlet from the discai cell ; the inner margin of the cross-band from the tip of praefurca to the extreme of the second basal cell straight, running along the upper branch of the postical fork and reaching to near its apex ; an accessory blackish marking on the lower branch of the postical fork hardly touching to the proper cross- band at the base of the postical cell, and extending from the base of the lower branch of the postical fork to the apical end of the anal cell; anal cell usually very narrowly open, but sometimes closed at the wing- margin ; fourth posterior cell slightly contracted at the margin ; the upper branch of the cubital fork without any recurrent veinlet ; veins brownish excepting of the postical and anal veins pale yellowish. Squamae usually smoky brown, with the blackish margins, the alar pair bearing a black fringe but the thoracal pair furnished with a very inconspicuous yellowish one ; halteres blackish but slightly obscured by a greyish dust; with the very thin stalk. Legs brown to brownish black, excepting of the basal joint oi the middle and hind tarsi usually yellowish brown ; fore coxae longer than half the length of the femora, moderately covered with very short brownish or blackish hairs and on the basal half with a few rather long pale yellow hairs ; fore femora (including the trochanter) a little longer than the tibiae, not dilated, furnished with rather numerous moderately long brownish or blackish hairs which become shorter and sparser towards the lower margin ; fore tibiae very slightly paler than the femora, densely covered with very short depressed hairs which are always darker than the colour of tibiae ; middle femora ( with the trochanter) as long as the tibiae, covered with many short depressed brownish or blackish hairs which are intermixed with somewhat lony; yellowish hairs especially at the basal half; middle tibiae usually paler, and at the basal part almost always yellowish, entirely covered with somewhat numerous short depressed (but not on the lower margin) brownish hairs, the end bearing two short subequal brownish spurs ; hind femora (including the trochanter) shorter than the tibiae, covered with rather few short depressed brownish or blackish hairs, but on the lower margin bearing a few somewhat long suberect hairs which on the basal half are usually pale yellow and which on the apical half is almost always brownish ; hind tibiae very slightly dilated, a little paler than the femora, covered with numerous short, but longer than those on the middle tibiae, suberect, brownish hairs, and bearing two very short brownish or blackish apical spurs ; hind tarsi longer than two- thirds of the length of the tibiae, covered with numerous short brownish hairs, the apical joint bearing a very few long brownish curved hairs on the upper apical margin and bearing rather long yellowish pul villi. Abdomen apparently longer than the head and thorax (including the scutellum) together, and much broader than the thorax, but grad- ually narrowed behind, the anal end never pointed but very slightly curved outwards. Dorsum moderately convex but on the apical border rather flat, slightly shining ; first segment brownish black, with the very narrow yellowish white side ; second segment mostly yellowish white, but at the posterior margin with a narrow brownish black band which is entirely triangularly interrupted at the middle where it is broadened itself, the band slightly concave at each side of the anteriot margin, from the middle ; third segment entirely brownish black, with an inconspicuous pale yellow middle spot which is slightly longitudinal and is sometimes entirely wanted ; the following segments unicolorus brownish black but slightly darker than the preceding segment, very rarely a very inconspicuous small pale yellownish spot existing on the fourth segment ; pubescence on the dorsum of the abdomen- moderately numerous, brownish and depressed, excepting on the yel-r so iowinish , jiarts almost entirely yellowish and suberect, but on the last 4 segments and rjwfeteriQfi margin of the third .-segment with somewhat numea-QLis,, suberect. and pale yellowish hairs intermixed. Ventre lighter than the dorsum, slightly coverd with a greyish yellow dust, moderately convex but slightly concave posteriorly, the basal two segments and anterior margin of the third segment pale yellowish white, the remain- ing segments pale brownish black, gradually darkened towards the anal end, very often at the side of the second segment with an inconspicuous pale brown longitudinal stripe, and in the. specimens from Hokkaido a small brownish stripe at the middle of the second segment ; pubescence rather dense, very fine and depressed, pale yellowish white but on the blackish part with a very numerous very short brown pubescence. , . Length : 9-9.8 mm. • Male. Smaller than the female and distinguished from the female by the yellow marking on the ■■abdomen as well as by the blackish base of the wings. Head rather small, but slightly broader than the: thorax. Frons rather long and narrow, with the moderately broad . antennal tubercle which has a fine groove between the antennal bases but it is not reaching towards the face, so that the tubercle is not entirely separated by the groove, brownish somewhat shining but on the antennal tubercle with greyish dust, quite bare from pubescence, on the middle with a small but conspicuous longitudinal carina ; vertex entirely occupied by the ocelligerous tubercle, which is much prominent and is blackish but very slightly obscured by a greyish yellow tomentum, and which is bearing a few long brownish black hairs on the anterior half and has also a very few much longer overhanging brownish fringe behind ; occiput very slightly convex but slightly sunk from the back of the head, blackish but distinctly dusted with greyish yellow, on the upper border just below the vertex bearing a few moderately long yellowish tringe which is somewhat overhanging the posterior margin of tire ocelligerous tubercle. Face convex very slightly more than in the female, the upper part n much contracted more than In the female which has the straight side of the, face but iu the male the side outwardly curved just below the a« ten rial tubercle; the intermediate yellow line much broader, conspicu- ous and reaching to the upper mouth-egde, gradually broadened above at where a fine and paler transverse line is along the transverse sulcus below the antennal tubercle ; two shining black facial calli nearly pentagonal and indistinctly split by an inconspicuous longitudial furrow into a large inner and smaller outer pari, united with the two small shining black upright rather broad oral calli which are placed just above each side of upper mouth-edge; the narrow yellowish lateral patches which extend from the eye-margins to the lower mouth-edge at where the patches are very inconspicuous and consequently separate the facial and buccal calli, as well as indistinctly the oral and buccal calli at near the mouth-edge ; jowls behind the buccal calli inconspicuously greyish brown, with pubescence all yellowish on their lower part and behind, the mouth but brownish on their upper part and near eyes ; back of the head flush with the eyes, blackish but obscured by a greyish yellow tomentum; and bearing a very minute black bristly postocular fringe ; pubescence on the face consisting of moderately numerons long brownish hairs which are absent from the oral calli and facial calli ex- cepting of the upper outer part and from a small space between and just above the oral calli, and some yellow hairs occur outside the oral calli. Proboscis brownish black, somewhat obscure greyish yellow, shorter than the depth of the head, rather thin, bearing very minute somewhat bristly suberect brownish hairs, and with the slightly broad sucker-flaps which are furnished with longer brownish hairs beneath. Palpi deep brownish black, rather shining, about twice as long as the proboscis, very slightly dilated near the base but long and cylindrical, elevated at right angles to the proboscis, and bearing moderately nume- rous, rather long, blackish pubescence but with some yellowish hairs beneath about the base. Antennae in some lights rather shining, much shorter than the head and thorax (including the scutellum) together, 72 but longer than the former; basal joint not much larger or stoute'f than the second, pale yellowish but very slightly tinged with brownish at the apex of the lower surface, and bearing conspicuous long blackish erect hairs all over but stout the middle ol the upper margin with a very few but distinctly longer pale yellow (in some lights rather shin- ing) hairs ; second joint with similar but shorter mostly suberect and much numerous hairs (of course without yellowish ones), shorter than the first, dull brownish, and with two apparent constrictions ; third joint deep black but dull, about as long as the two basal joints together, somewhat subulate but slightly thinner about its base, and rather upturn- ed at its tip, the first annutation much longer than the four remainings' and pale brown at the basal half, the apical annulation much shorter than two preceding ones together and with the blunt apex but there is a very minute process. Eyes bare ; facets on nearly the lower half smaller than those on the upper part, but with no sharply contrasted- division the semicircular boundary line, and on the back part the small facets extend upwards a little but not nearly to the vertex ; eyes in death brownish black but on the part occupied by the large facets pale greenish yellow, excepting of the posterior margin brownish ; two transverse reddish brown bands on the yellownish part when viewed from above, of which the hind one is much longer and is connected with a small somewhat triangular similar colored spot about the upper boundary of the brownish part, and the fore one of which is about half as long as the hind but broader, both the bands parallel to the back margin of the eye and far apart from the frontal margin ; ocelli pale ruby in colour. Thorax black, the middle part slightly obscured by a rosy brown tomentum, moderately shining, with two narrow greyish stripes on the disc, the stripes being a little broader than those on the preceding species and somewhat indistinct but reaching to the posterior margin of the mesonotum, the lateral stripes on the disc orange yellow, ex- truding through the whole length, being gradually narrower posteriorly; 7* the lateral brownish black stripes from the prothorax to the base of the wing distinct and mostly uncovered with hairs ; pubescence on the disc mostly erect, very long and yellowish brown, on the lateral yellow stripes very dense but rather scarcer on the postalar calli, suberect and directed upwards, entirely golden yellow ; scutellum shining, black and slightly obscured by a rosy brownish dust, somewhat triangular with roundish posterior angle, bearing a few long suberect yellowish brown hairs which mostly appear around the margin ; pleurae black, shining but slightly obscured by a yellowish tomentum, furnished with a few long, pale yellow hairs ; prothorax, the upper part of the meso-pleurae, conspicuously covered by a yellowish dust and furnished with numerous long soft golden yellow hairs. Wings moderate in size, nearly as long as the thorax and abdomen together, clear but very slightly fumated ; markings almost as in the female, but upper basal cell nearly entirely blackish brown, near the apex with a quite clear band, and second basal cell at the inner halt clouded ; anal cell closed at the margin. Legs much darker than those in the female, but the basal joint of the middle and hind tarsi much lighter ; fore coxae moderately covered with long yellowish white hairs which gradually become shorter and sparser apically, a few rather stout but short hairs on the inner apical portion ; pubescence on the fore femora brownish black, rather dense and long, becoming shorter towards the inner and apical parts ; fore tibiae rather distinctly paler at the basal part, densely covered with a depressed short brownish black pubescence ; middle coxae furnished with a very tew rather stout long blackish hairs; middle femora covered with suberect long brownish black hairs which become shorter towards the upper margin ; pubescence on the hind femora long, nearly erect, not very much dense, brownish, intermixed with a very few long yellowish hairs, on the upper margin suberect and much shorter and with a few short erect yellowish ones intermixed ; hind tibiae densely covered with suberect somewhat long brownish pubescence ; 7* apical spurs of the middle and hind tibiae moderate; pulvilli yellowish brown ; curved hairs on the apical margin of the apical tarsal joint distinct. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax (including the scutel- lum) together and broader than the thorax, slightly narrowed behind, th'j anal end somewhat pointed. Dorsum convex throughout the whole surface, slightly shining ; first segment as in the female ; second segment mostly yellowish, excepting of the posterior about half brownish black, the blackish portion narrowed towards- the side and not reaching to the lateral margin ; the remaining segments brownish black with a narrow pale reddish yellow stripe and six small same cloured spots, the former situated at the middle and extending from the middle of the blackish part of the second segment to the posterior margin of the fourth segment, four in the latters on the third segment and the others on the fourth segment, two of the spots on the third segment, long triangular near the lateral margin and extending from the anterior margin to below the middle, the other spots irregularly round in which two on the third segment are larger than those on the following segments ; genitalia furnished with fine whitish hairs, brown about the base but with two terminal lamellae which are yellowish at their ends. Pubes- cence suberect, brownish black ; but orange yellow at the side of the two basal segments and on all the orange parts ; the yellowish hairs at the sides longer than others ; pubescence at the posterior margins ot the three apical segments whitish yellow (with a blackish one intermixed), rather depressed. Ventre pale orange yellow excepting oi the three apical segments and of the posterior margin of the third segment brownish black ; the first segment with dn inconspicuous brownish spot at the middle; the orange part with an inconspicuous pale reddish yellow stripe at the middle ; pubescence blackish but whitish yellow on the two basal segments, and the pubescence on the third segment scarcely, intermixed with a yellowish one. Length : 8.5 mm. Described the above from four females and only one, by* well-preserved male. This species has been mixed up with C. suavis for a long time, but after prolonged study I am unable to identify it with the latter Species. It is easily distinguished from suavis, in the female by its second antennal joint not being narrower than the basal joint, by the outer, margin of the cross-band of the wings not being curved outwards, and by the second dorsal segment of the abdomen with the black posterior margin which is incised in the middle; in the male by the second dorsal abdominal segment being orange yellow at about the basal two- thirds not interrupted by the black median stripe, by the third and fourth dorsal segments of the abdomen having a yellowish middle stripe and, two similar coloured spots, and by the cross-band of the more hyaline wings being clearly incised in the postical cell. Chrysops basalis varies but very little in the females, the third dorsal abdominal segment sometimes having a very inconspicuous smaii yellowish stripe in the middle. It may be not very common, as I, have only records from Akaiwa (near Otaru, Hokkaido), Niigata, Onunia (near Hakodate), Ajigasawa and Ovvani. My captures range from August 17th to 24th. It is well known that the female bites horses or cattle. A male was taken in shrubs near a mountain-stream at Owani. 6. Chrysops sakhalinensis, Pleske. Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sc. St.-Petersbourg, XV, p. 472, pi. IV. fig. 9, 19 10. Blackish species with the cross-band of the wings entire and reaching the posterior margin, with the apical spot beyond the upper branch of the cubital fork, and with the black abdomen which has the large yellow lateral spots on the first two segments and has a narrow yellowish median stripe on the second to fifth segments. Female. Vertex and frons yellowish grey, face dusted with yellow. Frontal callus large, dark brown. Facial calli shining black, their prolongations very wide as they are almost connected together leaving only a narrow yellow tomento.se median line. Buccal calli large, separated from the eye-margins and not reaching the mouth-edge. Pubes- cence on the head yellow, that on the jowls longer. Palpi dark brown,' yellow pubescent. First and second antennal joints the same in length; third joint about as long as the basal two joints together. The first antennal joint dark yellow, blackish towards the end ; the second yellow, towards the upper side and the end becoming blackish ; the third at the base yellow and then black apically. The first and second antennal joints covered with black hairs. The ground colour of the thorax and scutellum dark brown, on the former there are two narrow yellowish stripes which are extending about the anterior two-thirds of the disc. The sides of the thorax with broad yellowish grey stripes at the anterior parts of the wing-bases from which to the humeri the brown ground colour is seen. All the pleurae greenish grey. Pubescence on the thorax and scutellum yellow, on the disc scarcer and shorter, at the sides long and dense. The first abdominal segment at the sides yellow, in the middle black ; the black spot on this segment at the antero-lateral angles rounded, the outer margin below the angles incised and then gradually extending obliquely outwards to the posterior margin of the segment. The second abdominal segment deep yellow, but at whole the hind margin black, and in the middle there is a broad black stripe which becomes broader towards the posterior end and extends to the third segment, and which has a distinct long yellow median line con- tinuing to that on the third segment. The following segments black, on the fourth and fifth segment! there is a narrow median stripe which is rather greyish. The hind margins of the sixth and seventh segments dark yellow. Pubescence on the abdomen yellow at the sides , of the second segment, and yellowish grey on the four apical segments. The first, second and third segments of the underside yellow, the former with a small blackish grey spot in the middle ; the fourth segment in mostly part yellow, but the hind margin broadly black ; the following segments black. Pubescence on the belly depressed, yellow. ;' T^egs n black, with the basal four-fifth of the middle tibiae and the bases of the tarsal joints of the middle and hind legs yellow. The sparse pubescence on the femora dark brown on the fore legs, and yellow on the middle and. hind legs. The wing-markings brown ; the apical spot very narrow and long, somewhat extending over the upper branch of the cubital fork. The upper basal cell of the wing brownish about the basal thirds,, and the second basal cell with a small spot at the extreme base. Described from three females taken in the Sakhalin Island, preserved in the Museum of the Imperial Academy of Science in Peterograd. This species is not known to me. 7- Chryeops nigricornis, Matsuhiura. (PI. II, fig. 1 ; PI. IX. figs. 5 & 6),. (Karafnto-Mekura-AbiO. Journ. Coll. Agr. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sapporo, Japan, IV, 1, p. 66, 191 1 ; Thous. Ins. Japan, Addit., II, p. 385, pi. XXII, fig. 14. A small dark coloured species with a rather hairy body, with the black antennae, with the extreme hind margins of the black abdom- inal segments yellowish, and with the rather small hyaline parts of the wings. Female. Head rather small, nearly as wide as the thorax. Frons broad, slightly divergent towards the antennae, at its narrowest part occupying more than one-third of the head, blackish but entirely covered with a whitish or yellowish grey tomentum, moderately de- pressed across the middle between the large frontal callus and the ocellar triangle ; the large callus quite bare and with a slightly arched upper margin, but the depressed part with a whitish or yellowish pubescence, and the upper part of the frons with numerous tawny pubescence ; just above the antennae a double lunulate narrow band of a white or yellow- ish white dust extending completely round the antennae and for its full width to eyes, and connected beneath the antennae with the similarly yellowish white middle line down the face ; frontal callus conspicuously elevted, somewhat transverse quadrate, nearly occupying through the n width of the frons, 'leaving very fine eye-margin; ocellar triangli moderately convex, rather large, quite bare of dust, but covered wit!* a numerous yellowish pubescence. Face broad, the broadest pars about half as the length, mainly covered- with a wfifitish yellow tomentum ; facial calli very Iflfger, nearly roundish, deep black, hardly, touching to the eyes ; eye-margins narrowly whitish yellow and con- nected with the moderately broad whitish yellow band which separates the facial calli from the buccal; buccal calli rather large and> shining black, nearly touched to the eyes, but separated from the oral calli by an obscure grey-dusted space ; oral calli somewhat round, shining black, shortly separated at the middle by the yellowish white intermediate line of the face. Occiput covered with numerous long yellowish hairs, which gradually become shorter towards the back of the head. Pubes- cence on the face composed of somewhat abundant pale hairs on the yellowish parts, somewhat stout, scattered, and blackish pubescence on the facial and oral calli ; pubescence on the jowls rather dense, long, yellowish, which extends on the back of the head (near but not on the eye-margin). Proboscis moderately stout, nearly as long as the depth of the head, dull black, slightly shining, bearing a t'&w very fine brownish pubescence on the lower surface ; sucker-Maps somewhat shining, furnished with a short erect and sparse pubescence beneath*; palpi lying against the proboscis, brown, paler towards the base, ob- scured by a greyish dust especially on the upper and outer surface, very slightly curved forwards, narrow but dilated at the middle part, gradually narrowed apically, with the obtuse apex, slightly shorter than two-thirds the length of the proboscis ; pubescence on the palpi yelrow- ish brown, fine but conspicuous, nearly depressed. Antennae rather short, shorter than the thorax, (not including the scutellum), black ; basal joint slightly longer than the second, cylindrical, furnished with a few long somewhat stout black pubescence, especially on the lower surface longer ; second joint slightly narrower than the first joint, black, composed of three inconspicuous annulations of which the middle one m is'smallest and the basal 'one is' "• 'longest, furnished with a black piibes'1- cence which is similar ' to ' that' on the 'fi is f joint ; third joint slightly nearly as long as the two basal joints together, subulate, bare from pubescence; moderately upturned at the : tip, composed of five fairly distinct simulations of which the 'first one has four or five inconspicuous annulations, and is obscured by a greyish dust, the apical annulation seen from side with an obliquely truncated apex. Eyfes with the facets atl ! equal, in death deep blackish green; occipital and hind margin with a dark purplish brown border which has a deep indentation (about three-quarters its width) in the middle, and this border is broadest just above the indentation and again at its lower part ; rest of the eye with Four purplish brown isolated spots, of which the three near the frontal and facial margin are about equidistant (at the outer margin) from each other ; the top spot is transverse (when see from above) and conspicuous- ly narrowed, and is the largest of the three ; the middle spot is the smallest and is irregularly round ; the lowest spot is near the bottom part of the occipital band and is irregularly round ; the isolated fourth spot near the middle of the eye is triangular with an angle rather near though rather below the outer-most part of the projection of the occipital band ; all of the spots is without any sign or a shaft running from it. Thorax rather small, black obscured by a greyish tomentum, moderately shining, with two rather broad ashy grey or yellowish grey stripes on the middle of the two-third front part, which are separated by a narrow dark line, an ashy grey or yellowish grey stripe at the lateral margins of the disc narrow and extending from the humeri to near the posterior margin pubescence all tawny and sloping, not at all dense on the disc and in fact rather scarce on the front though fairly conspicuous in good specimens, denser, longer and golden yellow on the lateral stripes. Scutellum rather large, somewhat triangular, a little broader than the length, black but obscured by a greyish dust, slightly shining, somewhat densely covered with fine but long sloping pale yellow hairs. Pleurae black, rather densely covered with a grev- M ish tomentum and sparsely covered with a tawny pubescence which becomes longer and darker (golden yellow) on the prothorax, meso- pleurae and metapleurae ; prothorax entirely covered with a dense yellowish tomentum ; a narrow line between the thorax and pleurae blackish brown, without any pubescence. Wings with less conspicuous hyaline spaces than in the females of other species from Japan, the black colour about the base and along the costa to the tip extending down to the radial vein^ and a broad not entire blackish band lies across the middle with occupies more than the length of the discal cell as it is bounded on one side by the base of the cell and extends on the other side distinctly beyond that cell ; the inner margin of this band is straight till it reaches the postical cell and then follows the base of the cell ; the outer margin is irregular and not very marked, in the submarginal cell concave and its lower end reaching to the base of the second submarginal cell, then follows the cubital vein in the short distance, and in the first and third posterior cells it distinctly convex and in the second posterior cell somewhat convex ; the third posterior cell not clouded entirely with the cross-band, but the apical half or extreme apical portion quite clear ; the postical cell hyaline at the upper apical portion but along the lower branch of the postical vein dark shading ; the discal cell with an inconspicuous hyaline spot in the middle ; in two specimens an inconspicuous hyaline spot appears in both the submarginal and fourth posterior cells which are occupied by the cross-band ; an apical band extends from the costal stripe to nearly half-way (in two specimens only one-third-way) across the cubital fork-cell with a rather vaguely defined semicircular lower margin, but does not include the actual tip or base of the cell ; the hyaline space between the middle and apical band forms at its upper part a well-defined hyaline space extending from the cubital fork upwards almost across the first submraginal cell ; the basal black marking extends about half-way (or about two-third) along the up"*11" basal cell and only ~ short distance for about ha'f-way) 81 aiong the middle basal cell ; the upper branch of the cubital fork with- out any veinlet ; the postical vein very faintly clouded; the anal cell open, but in a specimen caught at Soyorofuka closed at the margin of wing. Squamae blackish brown with a obvious golden fringe in the alar pair near the angle. Halteres blackish brown with the paler tip. Legs black, moderately shining, with the basal half of the first ioint of the posterior tarsi and with the basal part of the middle tibiae obscurely reddish ; front coxae about two-thirds as long as the femora, and bearing long pale yellow hairs which gradually become shorter and darker towards the apex ; front femora with rather abundant pubescence which is nearly all black, the pubescence on the inner surface shorter than that on the outer surface ; the middle femora with a short black pubescence but with long yellowish hairs at the basal two-thirds ; hind femora with similar pubescence, which is less numerous and contains some yellowish long hairs at the lower margin of the basal two-thirds ; for tibiae with a very short blackish pubescence ; middle tibiae with a similar pubescence and with two not quite equal blackish spurs ; hind tibiae with the dense black fringes of which the antero- dorsal one is coarser and longer, and with two short yellowish brown or blackish spurs ; pulvilli yellowish brown. Abdomen much longer than the thorax and head together, and much wider than the thorax, with rounded posterior margin, and with the apical half sloping downwards, moderately shining black with yellow- ish markings and with a fairly abundant pubescence. Dorsum slightly convex ; first segment with somewhat triangular yellowish lateral mark- ings which are broader hindwards, and with an inconspicuous small triangular similar coloured spot in the middle of the posterior margin ; second segment with somewhat large yellowish lateral markings and a conspicuous flat-triangular paler spot, the black portion at the anterior margin as wide as the posterior margin of the black portion of the preceding segment and at the posterior margin hardly reaching to the lateral ends of the posterior margin of the segment and the lateral 82 margin of the black portion slightly curved inwards near the base ; third segment with an inconspicuous small flat-triangular whitish yellow spot in the middle of the posterior margin ; all the segments (except the first one) with a narrow pale orange yellow band on the posterior margin; pubescence orange at the sides of the two basal segments and often on all the yellowish part, but frequently the tiny hairs are blackish on the inner front part of the yellow spots on the first segment with a few strag- glers on the rest, and sometimes black hairs extend though inconspicuously over all the yellow part of the disc ; the black part of those segments are shorter than the hairs on the yellow part ; a rather conspicuous triangle patch of whitish yellow hairs occurs on the yellowish triangle against the middle of the hind margin and also on the middle of the hind margin of the fourth (or fifth) ; pubescence black on the black part but at the side margins and on the discs of the fifth and sixth segments always with somewhat long orange yellow hairs intermixed ; the longest pubescence on the abdomen is the black fringe at the sides of the third, fourth, and fifth segments. Ventre strongly convex, excepting of the apex somewhat concave ; first and second segments orange yellow with a large not well-defined dull brownish black spot in the middle ; on the third segment the sides and hind margin are rather inconspicuously orange, while on the next three segments the hind margins are rather narrowly orange ; pubescence nearly all yellowish, especially as fringes on the hind margins, but the segments (after the two basal ones) bear some black hairs (in a specimen caught at Shisuka very abundant) on the disc. Length : 8-10 mm. I described the above from only three specimens presented by Prof. S. Matsumura. I could hardly identify it from his description, as it is too short and is not acceptable in some parts. I, however, adopt the name, as the specimens are entirely the same with the type. The male is not known to us. This species very closely agrees with the description of Ckry- 88- sops makcuKvi, Pleskte (Ann. Mus, Zoo!. Acad. Imp. Sc. St.-Peters- burg, XV. p. 469, pi. IV, fig.