yKl94 .G65 Gray, Asa Botanical contributions, 1865 BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS, By ASA GRAY Extracted from the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. VI. [Issued November, 1865.] Characters of some New Plants of California and Nevada, chiefly from the Collections of Professor William H. Brewer, Botanist of the State Geological Survey of California, and of Dr. Charles L. Anderson, with revisions of certain Genera or Groups. By Asa Gray. The diagnoses of two or three of the following species, of the col- lections of 18G0-1862, have already been published in the Proceed- ings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences, Vol. 3, pp. 101-103. The plants described are from the collections of the Geo- logical Survey when not otherwise specified. Arabis (Lomaspora) platysperma: humilis e basi sufFrutes- cente ; foliis cum caule pube stellata canescentibus spathulatis integer- rimis, summis oblongis arete sessilibus obtusis ; racemo paucifloro ; (petalis roseis;) siliquis arrectis rectisque lato-linearibus (l2--2| poll, longis, lin. 2^ latis) acuminatis planis, valvis laxe reticulatis ; stigmate sessili; seminibus amphssime alatis. — Sierra Nevada, on Mount Dana, alt. 13,227 feet, and above Ebbett's Pass. Streptanthus polygaliodes : Eucilsia, Dipterochlcena, glaber, paniculato-ramosus ; foliis filiformibus integerrimis, nonnuhs • basi sub- amplexante sagittatis ; racemis spiciformibus ; calyce luteo petala pur- purascentia subaequante, sepalis duo exterioribus maxime dilatatis sub- cordato-rotundatis, interioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis ; siliquis (immaturis) angustissime linearibus stylo brevi apiculatis. — On very dry hillsides, in serpentine soil, along the Tuolumne River. A re- markable species, with the petals, &c., of the Euclisia section, but, on account of its peculiar calyx, rather to be distinguished as of a separate section. The light- yellow and ajiparently scarious petaloid sepals are of two very different shapes ; the inner pair nearly as in other species of the genus ; but the outer much dilated, apparently nearly flat, and not unlike the wings of some species of Polygala, about 3 lines in length and breadth, and as it were enclosing the rest of the flower ; the tips of the purplish or white and purple petals, and the oblong-sagittate blunt anthers barely exserted. A pair of the filaments frequently connate. The plant is probably an annual. Streptanthus procerus. Brewer. S. flave$cens,[GYa.j, in Pro-, ceed. Amer. Acad. 6, p. 186, as to the "very large or luxuriant form 620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY gathered at the coal-mine near Monte Diablo by Dr. Brewer." This is doubtless a truly distinct species, growing six or seven feet high in alluvial soil, the greenish-white Howers fully half an inch long, the stem glabrous and glaucous. Thkltpgdium (Pachypodium, Nutt.) BRACHYCARPUM, Torr. (in Wilkes's S. Pacif. Ex. Exped. Bot. W. Amer. t. 1) ; caule virgato ; foliis caulinis parvis crebriusculis sagittatis integerrimis erectis; racemo elongate angustissimo spiciformi; pedicellis calyce brevioribus; sepalis linearibus; petalis angustissime linearibus; antheris mucronatis; siliquis semi- aut sub-pollicaribus, valvis carinato-uninerviis. — Valley of Mono Lake, alt. 6,500 feet. This well-marked species having been rediscov- ered by Prof. Brewer, a diagnosis is here given, since that of Dr. Torrey is still unpublished, and the plate is little known. Dr. C. L. Anderson has collected it in Nevada, with a very long virgate spike, and with some mature fruit. Smelowskia ? Californica : cinereo-puberula, glabrata ; radice ut videtur annua vel bienni ; caule 1 — 2-pedali ; racemis demum panicula- tis ; foliis pinnatipartitis, segmentis 5-7 oblongis obtusis saepe 3-5- lobatis ; floribus parvis luteis ; calyce deciduo ; siliculis pusillis ellip- ticis oblongisve utrinque acutis stylo brevissimo apiculatis, loculis 1-2- spermis. — On Mount Dana, alt. 10,000 feet, June, in flower; and near Mono Lake, alt. 6,450, July, with young fruit. — With its annual or biennial root, and much the habit of Sispnbrium canescens, this would render the genus Smelotvskia yet less natural ; but here it technically belongs. The flowers are only a Une long ; the elliptical, ovoid, or somewhat fusiform silicles one or two lines long ; valves very obscurely one-nerved ; cells 2-ovulate. Young seeds oblong. Draba euryc arpa : multiceps, nana, stellato-tomentosa ; foliis spath- ulatis integerrimis in caudice rosulato-confertis ; scapo leviter exserto paucifloro; siliquis ovatis stylo subulato acuminatis glabris (^-^-poUi- caribus). — On a peak of the Sierra Nevada south of Sonora Pass, alt. 11,500 feet. In fruit only, the seeds and most of the valves shed. The tufts of leaves (half an inch in length) rise only about an inch above the surface of the ground, and above them the large and silvery parti- tions of the pods are very conspicuous. Funiculi short, about 10 in each cell. Cleomella parviflora : tenuis, diffusa ; foliolis cum bracteis sim- plicibus linearibus ; floribus parvis ; pedicellis filiformibus elongatis ; OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAY 30, 1865. 621 capsiila obovato-globosa, stipite (vix calycem superante) styloque bre- vissimis ; seminibus liBvibus. — Nevada, near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson. The foliage nearly as in C. tenuifolia, but a more deli- cate plant, only about a span high, the flowers and pods only half the size, and the stipe much shorter than in any other species, not half a line in length. Dr. Anderson also sends C. longipes, Torr., from Ne- vada. LiNUM § Hesperolinon. Spec. 3 Californicse, annuae, trigynae, capsulis 6-locellatis ; unguibus petalorum basi tri-appendiculatis. Styli a basi liberi, stigmatibus parvis. Dentes inter stamina nulli. Sepala ovato-lanceolata, herbacea, immarginata, vix uninervia. Floras brevi- pedicellati. Folia angustissime linearia, subfiliformia, plerumque al- terna. Caulis inferne simplex, strictus. LiNUM Californicum (Benth., PI. Hartw. p. 299) : glabrum ; caule superne in cymam effusam repetito-dichotomam soluto ; glandulis stipularibus geminis ; sepalis margine subglandulosis ; petalis albis roseisve. — Dr. Torrey, in Bot. Mex. Boundary, first noticed the trigy- nous character, which it shares with the following new Californian species. All three exhibit three little teeth or auricles at the base of the claw of the petals, one on each margin and one adnate to its inner face. The coincidence of these characters invalidates the technical distinction of the genus Reimoardtia, — in which, however, the teeth or appendages of the petals according to Planchon (in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7, p. 522), or two of the three according to Bentham and Hooker (Gen. PI. p. 243), are dorsal. LiNUM congestum: glandulis stipularibus inconspicuis; caule foliis- que fere glabris ; floribus in ramis brevibus suberectis capitato-glome- ratis ; sepalis pubescentibus eglandulosis ; petalis roseo-purpureis ; stigmatibus brevibus vix incrassatis. — Marin County, coll. H. N. Bo- lander. Flowers about the size of those of L. Californicum. LmuM Breweri ( Gray in Proceed. Calif. Acad. 1. c.) ; glabrum ; caule exili apice confertim paucifloro ; foliis raro oppositis ; glandulis stipularibus conspicuis ; sepalis margine glandulosis ; petalis aureis ; stigmatibus acutis. — Dry hills of the Monte Diablo range. Plant only a span high, in flower ; the fruit not seen. There might seem to be a fourth species of the group, L. trisepa- lum, of Kellogg, in Proceed. Acad. Calif. 3, p. 42, fig. 10. But his plant is Helianthemum scoparium, Nutt. ! And his L. decurrens is evidently L. perenne. 522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY LupiNus MEiONAXTHUS : undique sericeo-incanus ; caulibus ut vide- tur herbaceis vel suffruticosis adscendentibus e radice perenni ; foliolia 6-9 concoloribus oblanceolatis obtusis ; stipulis parvis setaceis ; brac- teis calyce brevioribus ; floribus minimis (vix lineas 3 longis) verticil- latis in racemum spiciformera congestis ; calyce pedicello longiori ebracteolato, labiis fere integris corollam glabram subaequantibus ; cari- na apice brevi lato obtuso inflexa ciliata ; leguminibus ovatis incanis 1 -2-spermis. — Nevada, near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson. It would be unsafe to describe a new Lupine before the old species are settled, except in a case like this, — a silvery-canescent species with remarkably small flowers. These are blue or purple, with a yellow spot on the vexillum. Leaflets 6 to 11 lines long, mostly equalling the petiole. Legumes half an inch long. Seed with a small hilum. Teifolium Andersonii : (§ Liipinaster) undique albido-villosissi- mum, caespitoso-depressura ; caudicibus crassis lignescentibus stipulis majusculis scariosis vestitis ; foliolis 4-G oblongo- seu obovato-cuneatis mucronatis integerrimis ; pedunculis folia adaequantibus ; capitulo glo- boso multifloro.; floribus sessilibus ; dentibus calycis tubo campanulato sublongioribus subulato-setaceis ; corolla roseo-purpurea baud scariosa. — Mountains of Nevada, near Carson City, Dr. C. L.Anderson (1862 and 18G4). A most peculiar species, forming tufts a few inches in height, at first nearly acaulescent, but the stout caudices or stems some- times attaining the length of five or six inches, and ascending or de- cumbent, leafy, beset, as is the whole plant, with very soft silky-villous hairs; the calyx, &c., very densely so. Petioles and peduncles 1^ to 2 inches long. Leaflets half an inch in length. Head very compact, with an alveolate-squarrose receptacle, the outermost very short bracts forming a vestige of an involucre. Flowers half an inch long ; the corolla apparently pink, with paler wings and keel, these adnate by their claws to the tube of filaments. Ovary tomentose, scarcely stipi- tate : ovules about 5. Legume globular, 1 - 2-seeded. Trifolium bifidum (Gray in Proceed. Acad. Calif, supra cit.) : villosiusculum seu glabellum ; caulibus e radice exili (annua ?) diffusis gracilibus ; stipulis ovato-lanceolatis setaceo-acuminatis integris ; foliolis lineari-cuneatis lateribus rariter dentatis apice bifidis vel excisis mu- crone interjecto ; pedunculis folia bis terve excedentibus ; capitulo nudo 6-12-floro; floribus pedicellatis demum reflexis ; calycis 5-partiti dentibus subulato-setaceis parce hirsutis corollam roseam scarioso-per- OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAT 30, 1865. 523 sistentem subfBquantibus. — In a ravine between Monte Diablo and the San Joaquin. Heads about the size of those of the small form of T. gracilentum, to which species this is allied. Trifolium monanthum : Involucraria, pygmaeum, parce villosu- lum, e radice exili (annua ?) ramosum ; stipulis ovato-lanceolatis sub- foliaceis integerrimis 3 - 5-nervatis cuspidato-acuminatis ; foliolis obo- vato-cuneatis nunc retusis mucronato-dentatis ; pedunculo folium baud superante ; involucre unifloro (rarius bifloro) fere diphyllo calyce cylin- draceo dimidio breviore ; corolla albo-purpurascente elongata. — Moist bank by Soda Springs, Tuolumne River, alt. 8,700 feet. A very distinct little species, only about an inch high, the stems or branches terminated by a peduncle of 3 to 9 lines in length. Leaflets 2 or 3 lines long. Corolla half an inch long, twice or thrice the length of the calyx (the teeth of which are broadly lanceolate, spinulose-pointed, and shorter than the tube), somewhat glandular on the elongated tube, not scarious or inflated after flowering. Legume stipitate, two-seeded. Leaves of the involucre mostly two-cleft. Trifolium amplectens, Torr. & Gray, occasionally white-flow- ered, instead of a nearly sessile 4 - 6-seeded legume, as in the specimens of Douglas, has it stipitate and with only one or two large seeds (in- deed with the ovary biovulate) in those of Coulter, Bigelow, and Brew- er. Generally there is a central pedicellate flower, under which is a minute truncate involucel, like the involucre of the following plant ; sometimes indeed this involucel is two-flowered, showing a tendency in the head to become proliferous. Trifolium depauperatum, Desv. {T. stenophyllum, Nutt. PL Gamb. p. 151 ?), now identified in California, adds another to the Clo- vers common to that country and to Chili. Dr. Brewer collected two forms on successive days (April 18 and 19) in the vicinity of Sonoma. One, which is slender and erect from an annual root, well accords with specimens of Gay's Flora Chilena, except that the flowers are rather larger and a few more in the head ; and the leaflets are longer and nar- rower ; while Fremont gathered (in 1845, no. 235) the exact counter- part of the Chilian plant. Dr. Brewer's other form is more tufted and decumbent, the root as if perennial. The involucre in T. depauperatum is minute and truncate, or reduced to a mere scarious ring. The central flower is commonly pedicellate and with an obsolete involucel, just as in T. amplectens, and the calyx, corolla, &c., so accord with that spe- 624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY cies, that, althouch the differences are constant so far as yet observed, it may confidently be inferred that one has been derived from the other. In T. microcephalum, Pursh, well-developed heads show a receptacle bearing the flowers in three verticils. Astragalus lentiginosus (Dougl., Gray, Rev. Astrag., p. 194), var. FLORiBUNDUS : subglaber ; caulibus productioribus (pedalibus) adseendentibus e pleris axillis floriferis ; pedunculis breviusculis spicato- plurifloris ; floribus albis nunc apice purpureo tinctis ; leguminibus junioribus rectis acutissime acuminatis glabris. — Nevada, near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson. Flowers and legumes considerably smaller than those of the nearly allied A. diphysus, the teeth of the cylindra- ceous calyx shorter. The mature legumes in one specimen are some- what mottled. Astragalus Andersonii : undique pube molhssiraa subvillosa canescens ; caulibus e radice perenni adsurgentibus (pedalibus) foliosis ; stipulis discretis triangulari-lanceolatis ; foliolis 7-12-jugis ovalibus oblongisve rarius obovatis ; pedunculis folium superantibus ; spica cy- lindrica vel oblonga densius multiflora ; calycis dentibus setaceis tubo campanulato subsequilongo corolla caerulescente dimidio breviori ; legu- mine oblongo-lineari (semi-sub-pollicari) chartaceo-coriaceo tomentu- loso arcuatim incurvo subcompresso dorso sulcato septo ad suturam ventralem intruso bilocellato 12-20-spermo. — Near Carson City, Ne- vada, Dr. C. L. Anderson (18G3 and 1864). A soft-downy and hoary species, not particularly related to any other North American species known to me, but with much the aspect of A. chcetodon Torr.,* of the same region farther north. Leaflets 3 or 4 lines long. Flowers of about the same length, usually crowded in a spike of one or two inches in length (in fruit from 2 to 6 inches ; the pedicels very short. Bracts setaceous, equalling the calyx tube. Corolla apparently ochroleucous tinged with blue or purple, becoming white or yellowish. Flowers more or less deflexed after anthesis. So are the pods, which curve upwards or are almost hamate when fully ripe. They are not at all stipitate. Seeds small. ♦ Vide Gray. Rev. Astrag. p. 194. The specific name chatodon being preocca- picd by Bunpc, this may he named, in honor of the discoverer, the Rev. Mr. Spalding, A. Spaldingii. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAY 30, 1865. 525 Astragalus cyrtoides, Gray, Rev. Astrag., p. 201 ; forma magis pubescens; foliolis sajpius obovatis vel obcordatis, cum fructu; — nempe, legumine cartilagineo dorso haud intruso prorsus uniloculari sublineari utrinque acutato tereti e stipite pendente caljcem longe superante sur- sum curvato hami- vel falciformi nunc demura annular!, sutui'is margi- nantibus angustis, ventrali acutissiraa. — Nevada, near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson, who collected flowering specimens in 1863, and mature fruit in 1864, which enables me now to complete the account of this species. The fruit will be seen to accord with the Podo-schrocarpi, but the habit and structure of the flowers show the nearest afiinity with A. racetnosus, Pursh, with which the species was associated in my revision of our Astragali. The legume is an inch or more in length, on a stipe nearly half an inch long ; it is of a very firm cartilaginous texture, tomentulose, curved in the form of a pruning-hook or sickle, or at length even into a complete ring, the nerviform replum in old pods separable, that on the ventral side forming a narrow acute marjiin or edsre. Astragalus tener, Gray, 1. c, p. 206 : forma foliis fere linearibus raro emarginatis ; floribus la?te violaceis. — Oakland, coll. Wm. Hol- der. Immature legumes more or less reflexed, half an inch long, lan- ceolate-linear, silky-puberulent, on a very short stipe which is hidden in the tube of the calyx, several-seeded, 2-locellate,i the transverse section obcordate, the partition reaching to the venti-al suture. Astragalus ineptus: (Oroboidei?) cinereo-pubescens; cauHbus e radice perenni diffusis ramosis (spithamteis et ultra) ; stipulis scario- sis discretis ; foliolis 6-9-jugis oblongis emarginatis supra fere glabris ; racemis oblongis densifloris brevi-pedunculatis folio brevioribus; corolla alba vel ochroleuca apice pupurascente, ala rectiuscula ; legumine im- maturo ovato acuminato subincurvo puberulo membranaceo inflate haud stipitato polyspermo septo intruso fere bilocellato. — Dry, rocky moun- tain near Sonora Pass, alt. 9,000 feet. — A low, homely species, of which mature fruit is still a desideratum. The root apparently peren- nial. Leaflets 4 to 6 lines long, slightly fleshy, grayish underneath with a fine lax pubescence. Flowers half an inch long, on very short pedicels, narrow, the tips of the naiTow wings and sometimes of the short keel tinged with purple. One or two forming legumes occur ; they are scarcely above half an inch in length, thin-walled, and evi- dently inflated at maturity, moderately grooved at the dorsal suture, VOL. VI. 59 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY the thin septum extending so as nearly or quite to touch the ventral suture. Astragalus "Wiiitxeyj : (Injlati,) striguloso-puberulus ; caulibus e radice perenni conferte ramosis spithamjeis ; stipulis brevibus adver- SU3 petiolum connatis ; foliohs 5-0-jugis lineari-oblongis ; peduneuHs folium adiV'quantibus subcapitato-plurifloris ; caljcis dentibus triangula- tis tubo campanulato quadruple brevioribus ; corolla loete purpurea, carina falcato-incurva alas ada^quante vexillo paullo breviore; leguniine pendente glaberrimo (maculoso) vesicario ovali subpollicari apice ob- tusissimo basi in stipitem e calyce leviter exsertem attenuato. — On the same mountain with the preceding species, in loose soil, near the sum- mit, alt. 10,000 feet. — This species, which may appropriately bear the name of the distinguished Director of the California Geological Survey, would appear to be a near relative of the incompletely known A. Hookerianus, Gray, Astrag., 1. c, p. 215 ; but the pubescence is strigulose, the stipules concreted and not scarious, and the pods very much smaller and glabrous. The young pods on tlie flowering speci- mens are not quite an inch long (including the short stipe) : a loose one which seems as if full grown is not larger, and is mottled with pur- ple. The flowers are half an inch long, and apparently blue or pur- ple ; in Dr. Brewer's notes upon the fresh plant, they are said to be " bright red-violet." Astragalus platttropis : multiceps e rhizomatibus elongatis, nanus, vix caulescens, sericeo-argentatus ; foliolis 3-5-jugis obovatis ; pedunculis scapiformibus folium adaequantibus apice capitato-pauciflo- ris ; calycis dentibus subulatis tubo campanulato paullo brevioribus ; corollai (albce seu lutescentis apice purpurata?), carina dilatata recta apice hinc rotundata alas vexilloque a^'quilonga; leguniine globoso-ovato membranaceo vesicario-inflato (vix pollicari) estipitato cinereo-puberulo polyspermo bilocellato, septo versus medium seminifero. — With the preceding species, in loose gravel and sand near the summit (alt. 10,000 feet). — Leaves and flowering stems or scapes rising only two or three inches above the soil. Stipules triangular or ovate, canescent. Leaflets 3 or 4 lines long. Flowers 5 or G in a small head, barely 4 lines in length ; the broad keel tipped with purple ; the rest of the coroHa apparently white or yellowish. Forming legumes canescent, when older glabrate, scarcely grooved at the sutures; both sutures are septiferous, the funiculi being adnate to the ventral portion of the sep- OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAY 30, 1865. 527 turn, in the manner of the Diphysi, — to which this remarkable species would belong by its fruit ; but its habit is of the Lotijlori, and the short wings and standard are pecuUar. Astragalus ptcnostachius : caule valido foliisque pube molli canescentibus ; stipulis scariosis discretis ; foliolis multijugis oblongis apice obtuso vel retuso mucronatis ; pedunculis folium a?quantibus ; spicis etiam fructiferis densissimis oblongis vel cylindraceis ; calycis pubescentis dentibus subulatis tubo brevi-campanulato brevioribus ; co- rolla ut videtur pallida ; leguminibus ovatis coriaceis glabris turgide lentiformibus stylo cuspidatis baud stipitatis calycem 2 — 3-plo excedenti- bus in spicam retrorsum congestis 1 -3-spermis (ovulis 5), sutura neu- tra intrusa. — Baulinas Bay, in salt marshes within reach of tide, H. N. Bolander. — I have not seen the base of the stem : it must be more than a foot high, and rather stout. Leaflets 3 to 6 lines long, equally canescent-downy on both sides. Peduncles from all the upper axils, 2 or 3 inches long. The very compact spike an inch long in flower, 2 inches long in fruit. Flowers about 4 lines long, on very short pedi- cels : the corolla apparently white or ochroleucous. Legumes 4 or 5 lines long, the valves strongly convex, rather thin coriaceous, and with a few transverse veins ; the sutures acute, the ventral one only promi- nent. The species would be arranged among the Scytocarpi ; but it is quite different from any other North American Astragalus. The following new triphyllous species, from a region east of the Rocky Mountains, may be added. Astragalus tridacttlicus : {TriphyUi,) habitu foliisque A. tri- phylli Pursh ; floribus bis terve minoribus ; calycis dentibus tubo £equi- longis ; corolla pallide purpurea ; legumine globoso-ovoideo puberula calyce deciduo nudato ; stipulis extus villosis. — Flores lin. 5 longi. Legumen lin. 3-4 longum, turgidissimum, 12-ovulatum. Semina matu- ra 3-4, ratione leguminis magna. — Near Boulder City, Colorado Ter- ritory, in dense tufts or mats, on gravelly knolls. Dr. C. C. Parry, 1864.* * Dr. Parry's collection of 1864 contains the following other Astragali which deserve notice : — AsTEAGALCS JUNCECS, Gray, Rev., p. 230, with the teeth of the calyx in one specimen somewhat larger and sharper, so that this very rare species may pass into A. ditersifolius. Astragalus Fendleei, Gray, just lilic the original, No. 157 of Fendler's col- lection, but probably passing into A.Jiexuosus. Astragalus glabriusculus, Gray (Phaca, Hook.), verging towards A. ab- originum, of which it is probably only a variety. 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY The genera Ilorkelia, Cliam. &. Sclilecht., Icesia,ToYr. k. Gray, and Sibbaldia, L., border so closely upon Potentilla that, for lack of abso- lute distinctions, they are not unlikely all to be referred to that already vast genus.* Such a combination, however, will hardly be thought sat- isfactory, even if unavoidable. The Linnaian genus, Sibbaldia, appears to have the least claims to its rank, having no peculiarity of habit, and comprising pinnate as well as trifoliolate species, which may well be regarded as Potentillas with the stamens, and in a less degree the car- pels, reduced in number. If kept distinct, the deeply lateral styles will aid in separating Sibbaldia from the following. Horkelia, however, if strictly limited, is pretty well marked in habit, and decidedly so in technical characters. These are the campanulate calyx and the (10) dilated filaments. This last and most distinguishing feature was omitted from the original generic character, and also from that of Endlicher. Ivesia (striking out T. gracilis) I think should also be kept distinct from Potentilla, and probably from Horkelia. It cannot fail to be re- tained as a genus, if Sibbaldia is. There are now several species, all with the same peculiarity of foliage, which is quite unlike anything in Potentilla. Its characters are the campanulate or cyathiform calyx, the definite (5 to 20) stamens with slender filaments, and the few, in one instance even solitary, carpels. In thus arranging these plants, it will be seen that there is one am- biguous and very troublesome species, viz. Horkelia tridentata, Torr., which, with the calyx and nearly the habit of Ilorkelia, has slender filaments. They are not, however, filiform, nor inserted, with the pet- als, at the bottom of the calyx, as represented in the plate. They are short, and inserted in the throat of the calyx, as in Ilorkelia, from which they differ only in being subulate. My specimen is insufficient. Horkelia, Cham. & Schlecht. Calyx campanulatus, 10-fidus. Petala unguiculata seu spathulata (alba vel rosea). Stamina 10, fauci calycis inserta : filamenta brevia, dilatata, plerumque deltoidea petaloidea persistentia. Carpella pluri- ma, nunc pauciuscula, in receptaculo villoso parvo elevato insidentia : * This has been done in the vet unpublished second part of Bentham and Hooker's Genera Flantarum. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAY 30, 1865, 529 stylus cum ovarii apice articulatus. — Pinnatifolioe, plurifoliolatae ; foli- olis subsparsis saspius incisis vel partitis, superioribus confluentibus. § 1. Genuinaj. * Foliolis subrotundis cuneatisve dentatis incisisque. •f— Calycis segraentis accessoriis vera adtequantes vel iis subconfor- mia. CyniiB subfolioso-bracteatas, floribus alaribus longius pedi- cellatis. 1. HoRKELiA Califorkica, Cham. & Schlecht. If. grandis, Hook. & Arn. II. capitata, Torr. Bot. Wliipp., non Lindl. — California. Accessory calyx-lobes, or some of them, only occasionally bifid at the apex or toothed. In one specimen, from Los Angeles, Wallace, in a single flower only, there is a broadly subulate sterile filament, longer than the fertile ones, between each petal and its anteposed stamen ! Var. ;3. cuneata. H. cuneata, Lindl, I cannot distinguish as more than a smaller variety of Chamisso's species, with accessory calyx-lobes more conformed to the true ones, leaflets smaller, more cuneate, &c. Var. y. SERiCEA : pube molli sericea subcauescens. — Oakland, near San Francisco. -J- -i- Calycis segmentis accessoriis quam vera multo minoribus. 2. HoRKELiA PARViFLORA, Nutt. Oregon, Nuttall. Nevada, Dr. Newberry, Dr. C. L. Anderson. 3. HoRKELiA CAPITATA, Lindl. Oregon, Douglas. ♦ * Foliolis angustis lobatis seu profunde incisis, laciniis lobisve linea- ribus ; stipulis laciniatis vel pectinatis. Calycis segmentis acces- soriis linearibus vel subulatis. Cymas demum perfectge multiflorae. 4. HoRKELiA FUSCA, Lindl. Subviscoso-pubescens ; foliis demum glabratis ; petalis anguste cuneatis obcordatis. — Oregon, Douglas. 5. HoRKELiA CONGESTA, Hook. H. Mrsuta, Lindl. Villoso-bar- bata, superne denudata ; petalis late obovatis vel rotundatis ungue an- gusto. S. Oregon, Douglas, Nuttall. N. California, Newberry. 6. HoRKELiA TENUiLOBA. II. fuscci var. tenuUoha, Torr. Bot. Wlii{)p. Pacif. R. R. Surv. 4, p. 84. Villoso-canescens ; foliolis brevi- bus (lin. 3-4 longis) ambitu cuneatis profunde palmato-4 - 8-partitis, sinu medio sa^pe profundiori, lobis linearibus ; calycis segmentis ac- cessoriis linearibus vera lanceolata suba^quantibus ; petalis anguste oblongo-spathulatis emarginatis ; filamentis lanceolatis. — Santa Rosa 530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY Creek, California, Dr. J. M. Bigelow. — Pubescence more like that of H. congesta, but softer, shorter, and less shaggy. Flowers small ; petals 3 lines long, narrow, not unguiculate. § 2. Ambigua; (an Ivesia ?) ; filamentis subulatis. 7. HoRKELiA TRiDEXTATA, Torr. Bot. "\Yhipp. 1. c, t. 6. California, Dr. J. M. Bigelow. IVESIA, Torr. & Gray, pro parte. Calyx campanulatus vel basi cyathiformis, 10-fidus. Stamina deifinita (5, 10, 15, 20) : filaraenta gracilia (tenuiter subulata vel filiformia). Carpella pauca, quandoque solitaria, in receptaculo parvo villoso : stylus subterminalis. — Pinnatifolice, millefoliolatje, foliolis parvis palmati- seu pcdatipartitis creberrimis nunc quasi-verticillatis vel rhachin undique iinbricantibus, petalis late obovatis vix unguiculatis post anthesin spathulatis. * Flaviflorae, 5 -10-andr£B, glabellse ; foliis plerisque radicalibus; scapo apice congestifloro. 1. Ivesia Gordoxi, Torr. & Gray in Newberry, Rep. Pacif. R. R. Exped. 6, p. 72. (Horkelia Gordoni, Hook. Kew Jour. Bot. 5. p. 341, t. 12. H. millefuliata, Torr. in Sitgreaves Zuni Exped.) Spithamaea e caudice crasso, viscido-pubens vel glabrata ; foliolis confertis 5-9- partitis, segraentis obovato-spathulatis obtusis; cyma capitata pluriflora; calycis mox turbinati lobis ovatis demum triangularibus quam accessorii oblongi demum sublineares longioribus ; staminibus 5 ; receptaculo loiige villoso ; carpellis 10 - 14. — Besides the New Mexican habitats, we have what appears to be a dwarfer and alpine form (from which the above character is mainly drawn) of the same species, collected by Professor Brewer in the Sierra Nevada, at Ebbett's and Sonora Pass, near Soda Springs, &c., at the altitude of 8,700 to 10,800 feet ; in flower and with young fruit. The fruiting specimens are very well represented by Hooker's figure. The golden-yellow petals, at first almost orbicular, become spatulatc or even oblanceolate after anthesis, and then shorter than the accrescent calyx-lobes, as delineated and de- scribed by Hooker. Stamens only 5, alternate with the petals. 2. Ivesia lycopodioides, sp. nov. Nana (sesqui-tripollicaris), fere glabra ; foliis in caudice crasso caespitoso-confei'tis, pinnis quasi vcrticillatis creberrimis, foliolis minimis 5 - 7-scctis, segmentis obovato- rotundis cra>siusculi3 rhachin undique imbricantibus ; scapo capitate- OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAY 30, 1865. 531 3 - 5-floro ; staminibus 5 ; receptaculo longe villoso ; carpellis 5-10. — High alpine region of the Sierra Nevada, on Mount Dana, alt. 11,000 to 12,000 feet. (Also Bear Mountain, Mariposa, Miss Erring- ton, ex Torr.) Leaves only an inch long ; the leaflets and their divis- ions less than a line in length, nearly sessile, so crowded on the rhachis and imbricated that the leaves may be likened to the shoots of a minute tufted Lycopodium. Flowers like those of the preceding species, ex- cept m size, only a quarter of an inch in diameter. Fruit not seen. 3. IvESiA PYGM^A, sp. nov. Habitu prtecedentis, sed minutim glandulosa ; foliolis minus confertis, segmentis oblongis setam nunc setulas 2-3 accessorias gerentibus ; bracteis calycibusque parce hir- sutis ; staminibus 10 ; receptaculo breviter piloso ; carpellis circiter 7. — Among rocks in the Sierra Nevada, from 11,000 feet (where it aliounds) up to 12,000 feet; Prof Brewer, coll. 1864. — This, more than the last, resembles I. Gordoni on a diminished scale ; and it is possible that all three may run together. This, however, in the speci- mens, is distinguished by some hairiness, especially on the calyx, by the bristle which conspicuously tips each little leaflet or segment, by the less villous receptacle, and by the 10 geminate stamens. * * Albifloras, 15 - 20-andr8e ; caulibus gracilibus magis foliatis ; cyma paniculata ; foliis albido-lanatis myosuroideis ; filamentis gracil- limis. 4. IvESiA PiCKERiNGii, Torr. in Bot. "Wilkes Pacif. Exped. (Calif. & Oregon), t. 4. Pedalis ; foliis primum myosuroideis, foliolis de- mum patentiusculis 3 - 5-partitis sectisve, segmentis oblongis ; pedi- cellis calyce (fructifero obconico-campanulato) brevioribus ; lobis ac- cessoriis calycis ovato-lanceolatis ; staminibus 20 manifeste triseriatis ; antheris mucronulatis ; carpellis 4-6. — Coll. by Dr. Pickering, &c., on the journey from Oregon to California, probably on the Sacramento. (Character from a fragment, and from the plate cited.) 5. IvESiA SANTOLiNOiDES, sp. nov. Spithamaea ; foliis myosuroi- deis ; foliolis minimis 3 - 5-sectis (segmentis ovalibus obtusis) appressis rhachin arctissime imbricantibus ; pedicellis primariis elongatis fiUformi- bus ; floribus parvis ; calycis tubo cyathiformi lobis propriis dimidio brevioribus, lobis accessoriis parvis ovatis ; staminibus 10? — 15; an- theris didymis baud apiculatis ; carpello unico in fundo calycis sub lana occulto. — In the Sierra Nevada. This is to I. Pickeringii, what I. lycopodioides is to /. Gordoni : its myriad minute leaflet? or segments 532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY (barely half a line in length) most closely imbricated all around the rliachis, so that the leaf (1;V to 2 inches long) resembles a mouse- tail, when young clothed with soft silky down, which conceals the parts beneath. When old the leaflets are more apparent, but they seem to remain permanently imbricated. Flowers, when expanded, scarcely 3 lines in diameter ; the petals exceeding the calyx, roundish- flabelliform, and scarcely at all unguiculate, becoming obovate after antliesis. Fruit not seen. Ivesia gracilis^ Torr. & Gray, in Newberry, Rep. 1. c, t. 11, = Po- tentilla Newherryi, Gray. Epilobium obcordatum : nanum, glabrum ; caulibus (3-5-polli- caribus) decumbentibus 1-5-floris; foliis oppositis lato-ovatis ovalibus- que subinfegerrirais opacis glaucescentibus ; alabastris nutantibus ; calycis tubo ultra ovarium pruinoso-puberulum producto infundibuli- formi lobis lato-lanceolatis subdimidio breviore ; petalis magnis Ia?te roseis obcordato-bilobis patenlibus ; stylo stamina superante declinato ; stigmate breviter quadrilobo ; capsulis pedicellatis clavato-oblongis. — In the Sierra Nevada, at Squaw Valley and Ebbett's Passes, alt. 8,000 - 8,500 feet. — A charming alpine species, connecting the ChamcEiierion with the other sections of the genus, and with large and showy flowers, having the aspect of an (Enothera or a Clarhia. The leaves are numerous, mostly longer than the internodes, closely sessile, and oidy from one third to two thirds of an inch in length. [Also found recently by Dr. Torrey.] EuCHARiDiUM Urkwkri : foliis oblongo-lanceolatis ; petalis latis- sime cuneato-obcordatis cum lobo intei-mcdio lateralibus longiori valde angustiori ; filamentis apice eximie clavatis ; antheris villoso-ciliatis ; stigmate 2-4-partito (sa^piusbipartito segmentis elongatis bilobis) ; cap- sula elongata (ultrapollicari) ; seminibus magis alatis. — Dry summit of Mount Oso, at the elevation of about 3,200 feet. — This would be a fine acquisition to the gardens, as the flowers are larger and fuller than those of E. conci'nmim, the petals fully three fourths of an inch wide, very broadly cuneift)rm-obcordate with a narrow linear-spatu- late median lobe (not exceeding two lines in width) in the deep sinus. The filaments, also, instead of being filiform, are conspicuously dilated at the summit, wherti tiiey are broader than the linear anther, ap- parently clavate rather than petaloid. Tlie villosity of the anthers, which is here very striking, is found sparingly in E. concinnum. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAT 30, 1865. 533 MiTELLA (MiTELLARiA, licct stam. petalis altera.) Breweri : foliis omnibus radicalibus rotundato-remiformibus incise duplicato-crenatis brevi-petiolatis ; scapo (spithamajo) nudo ; calyce explanato 5-undu- lato ; staminibus 5 petalis pectinato-pinnatifidis alternis. — Mount Hoffmann, in a damp place, at the elevation of about 11,000 feet. The outline and crenation of the leaves and the short (shaggy-hirsute) peti- oles distinguish this at a glance from M. pentandra, with which it accords in the structure of the flower, in the two two-lobed sessile stigmas, &c. ; but here the very short filaments are inserted before the calyx-lobes, instead of before the petals. This is all that was needed thoroughly to suppress Drummondia of De/ Candolle (MitellopsiSy Meisn.). "~- Saxifraga bryophora: Arahidia, S. stellari et leucanthemifolice proxima; foliis abbreviatis oblanceolatis lineari-oblongisve aveniis inte- gerrimis ciliatis sessilibus saepissime rosulatis ; scapis aphyllis panicu- lato-ramosis, ramis elongatis flore unico perfecto terminatis, pedicellis lateralibus plurimis racemosis filiformibus mox refractis proles gemmi- formes (flores mutatos) gerentibus ; sepalis lato-ovatis ; petalis lanceo- lato-ovatis basi abruptis bimaculatis ; stylis vix uUis. — Ebbett's Pass, and on a peak near Mount Dana, alt. 9,000 feet, on wet rocks. — Leaves half an inch or less than an inch long. Scapes a span high, usually with divergent branches ; the fertile and gemmiferous pedicels half an inch or less in length ; some of the gemmae are mere altered flower-buds ; others are rosulate tufts from which a shoot is proceeding. This bears much the same relation to S. leucanthemifolia that S. stellaris var. comosa does to ordinary S. stellaris. But the small and quite entire leaves, and the reflexed filiform pedicels of the gemmae are peculiar. Some new materials and observations make it desirable to revise the genus. LITIIOPHRAGMA, Nutt., Torr., & Gray. * Petala lamina tripartita, segmentis angustis : folia omnia partita vel infima lobata : radix (quandoque caulis) bulbillifera. 1. LiTHOPHRAGMA GLABRA, Nutt. Glabella ; racemo axillisque foliorum saepe bulbilliferis ; pedicellis calyce campanulato pubero lon- gioribus ; overio basi tantum calyce adnato ; seminibus muriculatis. — Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nuttall. Pine forests on small tributaries of the Upper Sacramento, California, Fremont. Rocky Mountains in Colorado Territoiy, mixed with Saxifraga cernua, Hall and llar- VOL. VI. 60 534 PROCEEDIXGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY hour. — It must have been through some mistake that, in the Flora of North America, this species was placed in the section with an adherent ovary. 2. LiTHOPHRAGMA TENELLA, Nutt. Glanduloso-hirsutula ; foliis minus dissectis ; pedicellis calyce primum obconico dein campanulato a?quilongis ; ovario infra medium adnato ; seminibus lajvibus. — Rocky Mountains. The only specimens are the original, scanty, and appar- ently depauperate ones of Nuttall. The plant resembles a diminutive L. parvijiora, with less divided leaves, and a campanulate calyx, the base of which is certainly adnate to the lower part of the ovary. The seeds are much smaller and oval. 3. LiTHOPHRAGMA PARViFLORA, Nutt. {TelUma parvijiora, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ara. 1. p. 239, t. 78.) Scabro-hirta ; pedicellis suberectis calyce obconico (Iructifero nunc clavato) creberrime glanduloso-hirtello stepius brevioribus ; ovai'io ultra medium adnato ; seminibus laevibus oblongis. — Rocky Mountains and Oregon, to Vancouver's Sound. The plant referred to this species in Ives's Colorado Expedition, col- lected by Dr. Newberry on hills along Cedar Creek, in the western part of New Mexico, is, from the calyx, &c., more like L. tenella on a larger scale, but probably is of a different species, not to be made out satisfactorily with the extant materials. It bears some granules or bulblets on the base of the stem, which have not been detected in any of the following species. * # Petala lamina dilatata triloba, raro Integra : folia radiculia reni- formi-rotundata subindivisa vel crenato-lobata, superiora 3 - 5-fida vel partita : bulbilli ad radices, etc., nuUi. Flores majusculi. 4. LiTHOPHRAGJiA AFFiKis, sp. nov. Scabro-hirta, 1 - 14-pedalis; floribus modice pedicellatis; calycis creberrime glanduloso-hirtelli tubo turbinato ad apicem fere ovarii adnato ; stylis granulosis ; petalis maxime dilatatis apice trilobis ; seminibus laevibus. — This has been confounded with L. heterophylla, and it is apparently as common in California around and north of San Francisco, where Dr. Brewer has abundantly gathered it, at several stations. To it belongs the speci- mens (named L. heteropInjUa) collected by Dr. Bigelow in Whipple's p^xpedition, a part of Dr. Parry's, collected at Monterey, in the Mexi- can Boundary Survey, Tlmrber's from Napa County, and specimens from Ross, long ago distributed by the St. Petersburg Academy. It is at once distinguished frbm the next by the calyx tapering to an OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAY 30, 1865. 535 acute ba«e, and the ovary almost wholly inferior. It is commonly a larger plant ; the petals are from one third to nearly half an inch in length, their middle lobe occasionally laciniate-toothed. The pedicels are usually about the length of the fruiting calyx. 5. L. HETEROPiiTLLA, Hook. & Am. sub Tellima. Scabro-hirta, subpedalis; pedicellis brevissimis; calyce lato-campanulato minus hirto, fructifero basi quasi truncato ; ovario libero stylisque glabris ; petalis trilobis ; seminibus muriculatis. — California, common near the coast, and northward. — The difference in the seeds (which are smaller and rounder as well as muriculate) may assure us that the case of this and the foregoing is not one of dimorphism. There appears also to be a slight difference in the anthers. 6. LiTHOPHRAGMA BoLANDERi, sp. nov. Major (1 - 2-pedalis, fo- liis saepe 1-2-poll. latis),hirsutulo-scabrida; racemo elongato plurifloro; pedicellis brevissimis sen calyce lato-campanulato (fructifero basi quasi truncato) dimidio brevioribus ; ovario ima basi excepta libero ; petalis nunc integerrimis nunc leviter trilobatis vel dente utrinque instructis ; seminibus muricatulo-scabridis. — California, in a shady ravine, S. E. of Monte Diablo (Dr. Brewer), and farther north in the Mendocino district, H. N. Bolander. — The largest species : petals white, 3 or 4 lines long, more commonly all entire, sometimes all but one of the flowers more or less toothed or even lobed. Styles, as in the next, very short and glabrous. A slender form, in herb. Torrey, was col- lected in the valley of the Sacramento by Dr. Stillman. 7. LiTHOPHRAGMA Cymbalaria, Torr. & Gray {Saxifraga Cali- fomica, Nutt. mss.). Exilis, glabella; caule scapiformi (6-14-polli- cari, fohis ^-§-poll. diam.) 4-7-floro; pedicelhs calyce campanulato- cyathiformi (basi acuto) longioribus; ovario basi adnato; petalis spathu- latis oblongisve integerrimis; seminibus muricatulo-scabridis.-; — Near Santa Barbara, Nuttall, Parry, Brewer, in canons. Cauhne leaves sometimes a pair and opposite or nearly so, sometimes alternate, occa- sionally almost obsolete. Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube except in Nuttall's very depauperate specimen. Petals, in good flowers, 3 or 4 lines long. Cymopterus cinerarius : parvus ; caudice repente ; petiolis basi scarioso-dilatatis sursum scapisque gracilibus (1 -3-poUicanbus) gla- berrimis ; folio decomposito ambitu subcordato glauco-cinereo pruinoso- puberulo, segmentis |obisque confertissimis ; umbellulis 1-4 (!^lEpe 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY solitariis) capitatis involucellum completurn multifidum (lobis ex ovato subulatis) subsuperantibus ; floribus albidis roseisque ; calycis dentibus parvis obtusis ; fructibus 10-alatis, alis suberoso-scariosis maxime un- dulatis ; semine ventre intus profunde excavato. — In volcanic ashes, on dry hills in the high Sierra Nevada, at Sonora Pass, and above Lake Mono, alt. 9-10,000 feet. Leaves and scapes emerging from a subterranean creeping rhizoma ; the lamina of the former mostly less than an inch in diameter, the divisions extremely crowded, the ultimate lobes a line or rarely two lines long, oblong, obtuse, mucro- nate. Scape commonly exceeding the leaves. Involucel nearly herba- ceous. Pedicels extremely short. Fruit 3 lines long, with complete, rather broad, white (or purplish-tinged) and much undulate wings : vittae 3 in each interval and a few on the commissure. Seed deeply excavated at the commissure, the cross-section strongly reniform, more so than in C. monianus, &c. (noticed in PI. Fendlerianae, p. 57) ; so that the fruit is decidedly campylospermous. Cymopterus fcexiculaceus, Nutt., as I suppose it to be, also col- lected by Dr. Brewer in the Sierra Nevada, is almost equally campy- lospermous. It is hoped that the primary divisions in this order may yet be established upon other characters than the form of the seed. Cymopterus ? Nevadensis : depresso-caespitosus, glaucus, fere glaber ; petiolis brevibus, basibus scarioso-dilatatis caudices breves ves- tientibus ; lamina foliorum 3-7-partita, segmentis rigidis lato-lanceo- latis cuspidati.>i, lateralibus raro 2-3-fidis; scapo (^ - ^-pollicari) folia parum superante umbellam capitatam quasi simplicem gerente ; involuccllis 4-5 lateralibus 3-fidis flores (flavidos ?) adaiquantibus in- voluLTum simulantibus. — At and near the summit of JMount Dana, one of the highest peaks in the Sierra Nevada, alt. 13,227 feet. In flower only, the genus quite uncertain. Plant only an inch or two in height, tufted. Leaves and scapes obscurely puberulent. Umbel 3 or 4 lines in diameter, composed of 3 to 5 subsessile umbellets, each adnate to the base of a foliaceous 3-5-cleft involucel (the divisions ovate) ; these involucels imitating a complete common involucre. Pedicels scarcely any. Ovary showing obscure rudiments of wings. Calyx-tt'ctli lanceolate-subulate. Styles long and slender. SPIIENOSCIADIUM, nov. gen. Angeliceanim. Calycis margo obsoletus. Petala spathulato-obcordala, cum lacinula setaceo-acuminata inflexa. Styli tilit'ormes. Fructus cuneatus : meri- OF ARTS AND SCIENCES: MAY 30, 1865. 537 carpia compressa sursum sensim qninquealata ; alis suberosis, margi- nalibus latioribus ; valleculis univittatis ; commissura bivittata. Carpo- pborum bipartitum. Semen more Cymopteri sectione transvera plani- usculo-lunata. — Herba Californica ; radice fusiformi ; caule valido fistuloso usque ad umbellas cum foliis sub-bipinnatisectis glabro ; um- bellis tomentosis exinvolucratis ; involucellis multipartitis floi-es albos sessiles densissime capitatos subtequantibus. Sphenosciadidm capitellatum. — In the Sierra Nevada, near Ebbett's Pass, alt. 7 - 8,000 feet, by a stream ; in flower. Nevada, near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson ; with fruit. Root rather strong-scented, acrid. Stem 2 to 5 feet high, striate. Petioles spatha- ceous-dilated. Divisions of the leaves ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, about an inch long, coarsely and sharply few-toothed or incised ; veinlets finely reticulated. Umbel 7 - lO-radiate ; the umbellets are globose heads, 4 or 5 lines in diameter, in fruit about three fourths of an inch ; the flowers (pubescent) sessile on a dilated receptacle, to which the short involucel is somewhat adnate. Fruits 3 lines long, pubescent ; the mericarps (including the wings) obovate-cuneate or obscurely ob- cordate ; the narrow base strongly 5-ribbed ; but the corky ribs en- large towards or at the summit into thickish wings, the lateral ones being the broadest, sometimes nearly as broad as the seed. A thick vitta in each interval, and two submarginal ones on the commissure. LoxiCERA (Xylosteox) Breweri : caule erecto ; foliis ovalibus vel obovatis pubescentibus breviter petiolatis ; pedunculis folio sublon- gioribus ; ovariis urceolato-oblongis basi coadnuatis ; bracteolis mini- mis ; corolla lurido-purpurea campanulata late gibbosa ultra medium bilabiata ; fauce styloque hirsutissimis. — In a ravine of the Sierra Nevada, near Mount Dana, at the elevation of about 10,000 feet. — Allied to L. nigra of the Old World ; but the leaves (only an inch or less in length) rounder, much more pubescent, and of a different vena- tion ; the ovaries narrower, and crowned with subulate calyx-teeth, the corolla more gibbous, the style hirsute, &c. Galium Andrewsii : pulvinato-csespitosura ; rhizomatibus longis fili- formibus ; foliis crebris quaternis subulatls setuloso-apiculatis rigidis nitidulis glabris aut fere nudis aut cum angulis caulium pi. ra. spinuloso- ciliatis, costa valida ; pedunculis 1 - 3-floris nudis ; floribus albidis ; fructu lasvi. — Var. a. gracilius ; foliis Hneari- vel aciculari-subulatis margine aut parce aut rarissime spinuliferis : pedunculis folia adaequan- 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY tibus. — i3. compacte pulvinatum ; pedunculis brevissimis unifloris, foliis subulatis creberrimis. — y. corapactum ; pedunculis foliis breviori- bus 1 - 3-floris ; foliis latioribus lanceolato-subulatis ad margines angu- losque acutissimos caulium crebiius spinuliferi?. — California, Dr. Andrews, Mr. Slielton (Herb. Torrey). Near Fort Tejon, Dr. Horn, Dry Hills, Atascadero (var. a), and Santa Inez Mountains near Santa Barbara (var. /3), near Kirka Pass (var. a), and near Monterey? (var. ■y), Dr. Brewer. — The laxer forms have the aspect of G. orientale, the more condensed, of G. Pyrenaicum and G. Cyllenium, Boiss. ; and the species is very different from any other North American one. The Chilian G. hypnoides, Clos, is similar, but its leaves are nearly destitute of costa, and it is said to have a distinct limb to the calyx. The fruit apparently dry ; no involucre or whorl of bracts on the pe- duncle. Plants from two inches to a span high. Galium Bloomeri: glaberrimum, inerme, erecto-diffusura ; foliis quaternis ovatis cuspidato-acuminatis subtrinerviis opacis, floralibus sfepe tantum oppositis ; floribus abortu dioicis, masculis cymulosis brevipedunculatis, fcemineis subsolitaris subsessilibus ; corolla ut vide- tur ochroleuca ; fructu (juvenili) hirsutissimo. — Nevada Territory, near Virginia City, Mr. H. G. Bloomer, to whom, as its discoverer, and an ardent devotee to Botany, I have much pleasure in dedicating this very well-marked species. The specimens are a foot or less in height, from a perennial or suffrutescent base. Stems paniculately branched. Leaves 3 to 5 lines long, closely sessile, rather rigid, vein- less, the midrib evident, the larger leaves with a pair of lateral ribs, which vanish near the middle. Corolla a line and a half in diameter. The nature of the verticil is well shown in some of the floral leaves, which are reduced to a pair, sometimes slightly connate by a transverse membranous line, and sometimes with a smaller bifid or bidentate leaf interposed on each side, this evidently answering to a connate pair of stipules. Galium nvpOTRiCHiUM : humile, pube minuta cinerea scabridum, inerme ; foliis quaternis ovatis apiculatis subtrinerviis, floralibus oppo- sitis ; floribus submonoicis vel hermaphroditis parce cymulosis; pedi- cellis flore longioribus post anthesin recurvis ; fructu (juvenili) juxta bnsin setis longis crinito, caeterum laevi. — Sonora Pass, in the Sierra* Nevada, alt. 8,000 to 9,000 feet, in dry and rocky places. — A span high, apparently tufted, in habit, foliage, &c., much resembling the OF ARTS AXD SCIENCES : MAT 30, 1865. 539 preceding species ; the flowers smaller, apparently white or yellowish. The bristly hairs on the forming fruit ai'e rather few, much longer than the ovary, and all confined to its base. The floral leaves, in sim- ple pairs, often show minute intei-posed stipules. Kellogia galioides, Torr. in Bot. S. Pacif. Ex. Exped. coll. N. W. Amer. Phsenog. t. 4. — This interesting plant, which, we be- lieve, was discovered in the northern part of California, has now been collected by Dr. Brewer [and more recently by Dr. Torrey himself], in the foot-hills of the Sierra. It is, as it were, an Asperula with opposite leaves and scarious interposed stipules. Mach^ranthera (Hesperastrum ; ligulse steriles) Shastensis : nana, e caudice perenni multicaulis, tomentuloso-canescens ; caulibus 1 - 2-cephalis ; foliis integerrimis obtusis, infei'ioribus spathulatis sub- trinervatis, superioribus oblongis subamplexantibus ; involucri cam- panulati squamis lanceolato-linearibus ssepius acutis, extimis apice herbaceis, interioribus tenuioribus inappendiculatis ; ligulis "roseo-viola- ceis " ? — Northern California, on Mount Shasta, at the height of 9,000 feet. Very little of this was found. It is a dwarf alpine plant (3 to 6 inches high, the lower leaves less than an inch long, the upper cau- line successively smaller), with the aspect, styles, and generally the character of 3Iachceranthera, except the perennial root and completely neutral rays, or o? Aster, excepting the last-named particular. As it has neither the peculiar appendages to the style nor to the anthers of Lessingia and Corethrogyne, I cannot refer it to the latter genus, but on the whole conclude to append it to Machceranihera. The ovaries are scarcely compressed. Involucre 3 or 4 lines in diameter. Aster Bloomeri : depressus, casspitoso-diffusus ; ramis foliosis apice monocephalis ; foliis parvis (3-6 lin. longis) oblongo-linearibus imisve lineari-spathulatis sessilibus uninerviis aveniis hispidulo-scabris et ciliolatis ; involucri hemisphasrici squamis subtriserialibus lineari- lanceolatis acuminatis dorso vel apice herbaceis minute granuloso- glandulosis laxiusculis ; ligulis pallide violaceis ? — On high slopes of Mount Davidson, near Virginia City, Nevada, H. G. Bloomer. A pe- culiar little species, to be ranked, perliap-^, with the Ericoidei, but not obviou-ly related to any other. Stems tufted from a somewhat ligne- ous caudex, tlie branches very leafy nearly to the heads ; the leaves uniform. Heads about 4 lines in diameter, exclusive of the rays. Appendages of the style subulate. Achenia pubescent. Pappus soft. 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY Erigeron (Celmisia) Andkrsonii: lana fenni arachnoidea mox decidua glabratum ; caulibus e rhizomate nudo adsurgente erectis sim- plicissimis apice nudo monocephalis ; foliis coriaceis linearibus acutis, radicalibus elongatis (spithama^is) 3 - 5-nerviis deorsum attenuatis, caulinis brevibus basi latioribus in bracteas subulatas decrescentibus ; capitulo hemisphairico majusculo (§-pollicari) ; involucri lanulosi squa- mis lineari-lanceolatis subherbaceis parum biseriatis ; ligulis uniseriatis exsertis lato-linearibus (ca^ruleis vel purpureis) ; stjli ramis fl. herm. filiform ibus, parte hispida quam stigmatosa 3-4-plo longiori ; ache- niis oblongo-linearibus villosis 4- 6-costatis ; pappo uniseriali, setis aequalibus barbellulatis. — Nevada, near Carson City, Dr. C. L. An- derson. Lake Tenaya in the Sierra Nevada, Prof. Brewer, a single depauperate fpecimen. Stems a span to a foot high : the rigid leaves soon glabrous. Bristles of the pappus all alike, but with a few minute setulae intermixed, as in most Erigerons. This is a North American representative of the Andine group of species, sometimes referred to Aster, which Schultz has recognized as identical with Celmisia, and Weddell has referred to Erigeron. I am constrained by the uniserial pappus, etc., to adopt the same view, ratlier than to refer this plant to Aster. But the long and filiform appendages of the style (resembling those of some of its South American relatives) are most unlike those of the true Erigerons. The several species of Celmisia differ greatly in the form of the style. Erigeron concinnum, Torr. & Gray, var. aphanactis, ligulis abortivis stylo brevioribus eradiatum. — Near Carson City, Nevada, Dr. C. L. Anderson. Virginia City, H. G. Bloomer. Erigeron Bloomeri ; nanum, multiceps e radice fusiformi ; foliis plerisque radicalibus confertis fere filiformibus cum scapis monocephalis pube minuta appressa cinereis ; involucro lanato-villoso, squamis sub- sequalibus disco parum brevioribus ; ligulis plane nuUis ; acheniis plano- compressis hirsutulis ; pappo simplicissimo. — Nevada, near Virginia City, H. G. Bloomer ; near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson. Scapes about three inches high, twice the length of the leaves, naked above, 2 - 3-leaved towards the base. Heads about twice the size of those of E. filifoUum, the involucre clothed with copious white and soft hairs. Pappus a little shorter tlian tlie tubular coroHas. Achenia flat, with a nerve only on each margin. Appendages of the style short and acute. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAY 30, 1865. 641 Erigeron Breweri : Pseuderigeron, pube minuta cinereum ; cauli- bus e rhizoraate tenui repente adsurgentibus gracilibus usque ad apiceni corymboso-1 - 5-cepbalum foliosis ; foliis oblanceolatis sen lineari- spatbulatis uninerviis integerrimis ; pedunculis brevibus ; involucre fere glabro disco maturo dimidio brevioribus, squamis 2 - 3-seriatis intequa- libus ; ligulis elongatis uniserialibus (ut Yidetur violaceis) ; acheniis parce birtellis ; pappo duplici, exteriore brevi setuloso. — Yosemite A'alley, alt. 4,000 feet ; in flowei-. Near Carson City, Nevada, Dr. C L. Anderson ; in fruit. Stems mostly simple from tbe base, a span to a foot bigh. Leaves an inch or less in length, mostly narrow-spatulate and obtuse. Heads smaller than those oi E. foliosiim, Nutt. {E. Doiig- lasii, Torr. & Gray) ; the involucre more imbricated, as in E. Bigelovii, but decidedly shorter. Pappus as long as the disk-corolla. Append- ages of the style very short and obtuse. Achenia linear, flat, 2- nerved. LiNOSTRis (Chrysothamnus) Howardii, Parry, in litt. : fruticosa, semi-sesquipedalis ; rarais junioribus lanoso-dealbatis ; foliis linearibus acutatis uninerviis glabratis (primum tenuiter arachnoideis), floralibus capitula corymboso-congesta superantibus vel subaequantibus ; involu- cre 5-floro cylindraceo, squamis laxiusculis lanceolatis omnibus modo L. Parryi attenuato-acuminatis ; corollce pallide flavre tubo parce vil- losulo ; acheniis linearibus pubescentibus. Var, a. foliis angustissime linearibus elongatis ; involucre tenuissime arachnoideo glabrato. — Colorado Territory, on gravelly hills near " Hot Springs " of Middle Park, where it is often associated with L. Parryi, Gray, coll. C. C Parry, 1863. It is more shrubby than that species, its smaller and fewer-flowered heads in terminal, fastigiate, almost capitate clusters, &c. A little of it was included under Hall and Harbour's No. 293. Var. )3. Nevadensis : foliis ph m. latioribus brevioribus (inferiori- bus subspathulato-linearibus), apice cuspidate saepius incurve ; involu- cri sqyamis prtcsertim ad margines magis arachnoideis subviscesis. — Mount Davidson, Nevada, above Virginia City, H. G. Bloomer. Near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson. Ebbett's Pass, Avithin the borders of California, alt. 9,000 feet. Prof. Brewer ; a dwarf form, only 5 or 6 inches high. Aplopappus Bloomeri : suffruticosus, pedalis, subresinosus, gla- ber; ramis fastigiatis usque ad apicem foliosis corymbose- (vel sub- paniculate-) polycephalis ; foliis subspathulato-linearibus basi attenuatis VOL. VI. 61 542 PROCEEDIXGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY rigidis uninerviis vel inferne obsolete trinerviis ; capitulis folioso-brac- teatis ; involucre subturbinato 3 - 4-seriali, squamis coriaceis lancco- latis pi. m. resinosls et villoso-ciliatis, exterioribus folioso- vel subulato- caudati?, intimis tenuioribus inappendiculatis ; floribus radii 3-4 ligula oblonga exserta, disci 15-20; acheniis linearibus pubescentibus. — On Mount Davidson, Nevada, H. G. Bloomer. Near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson, with a very narrow-leaved and more loosely corym- bose-headed form. Leaves from one to barely 2 inches long. Heads crowded, about half an inch long ; and the ligules 4 or 5 lines long. Anthers and style exserted ; the short branches of the latter bearing long subulate-filiform appendages, as in Linosyris section Chrysotham- nus, Aplopappus section Ericameria, and in the following species, to which it is nearly related. Aplopappus suffruticosus {Macronema snffruticosa, Nutt.) : spithamceus e basi depresso-ramosa lignosa, glanduloso-puberulus, sub- viscidus ; ramis usque ad apicem foliosis s£Epissime monocephalis ; foliis linearibus seu lincari-subspathulatis acutatis uninerviis ; involucro folioso-bracteato fere hemisphajrico, squamis tantuni biseriatis a^quali- bus laxis lineari-lanceolatis, extimis folioso-appendiculatis, intimis tenui- oribus inappendiculatis, floribus radii 3 -8 ligulis discum subsuperan- tibus, disci circa 30; acheniis linearibus pubescentibus. — Collected by Prof. Brewer in the eastern part of the Sierra Nevada, on Pyramid Peak, near Carson's Pass, alt. 8-10,000 feet. — This has no just claim to a separate generic rank, but must be referred, with the preceding, to Aplopappus. Aplopappus Macronema, Macronema discoidea, Nutt., of which fine specimens were distributed in Hall and Harbour's Rocky Mountain collection, is distinguished from the last by the arachnoid-woolly branches, somewhat simpler involucre, and broader leaves, as well as by the ab- sence of rays. The achenia are not glabrous, as described. CiiRYsopsis (Ammodia) Breweri: viscoso-subpubescens, laxe paniculato-ramosa ; foliis oblongis seu ovato-lanceolatis mcmbranaceis basi lata tenuiter trinervi arete sessilibus ; capitulis (nunc nudis gracili- ter pedunculatis nunc foliis 1-2 fulcratis) discoideis ; involucro quam discus dimidio brevioribus, squamis lanceolatis acuminatis tenuibus ; acheniis obovatis plano-compressis hirtellis ; pappo exteriori setuloso satis copioso. — Near Sonora Pass and Ebbett's Pass, in the Sierra Nevada, common at the elevation of 4,000 to 8,000 feet. — This is a OF ARTS AND SCIENCES: MAT 30, 1865. 543 close congener of C. (^Ammodla, Nutt.) Oregana ; but is at once dis- tinguished by the above cliaracters, and by its laxer inflorescence. The involucre is less imbricated and much shorter, scarcely exceeding the achcnia, which are broad and flat. There is an evident setulose outer pappus, like that of Chrysopsis villosa, &c. A new examination of the Oregon species shows the same, only scantier. So I venture to regard Nuttall's Ammodia as a discoid section of Chrysopsis. Chrysopsis Bolaxderi: § Acliyrcea, C. piloscB affinis, vilIo«ior; radice perenni ; foliis superioribus acutioribus, summis conformibus capitula sessilia involucrantibus vel fulcrantibus paullo superantibus- que ; corollis disci extus parce arachnoideis ; pappo exteriori e paleolis linearibus subulatisque achenio angusto cano-sericeo vix dimidio bre- vioribus. — Hills of Oakland, near San Francisco, abundant, H. N. Bolander. From the general character, and the ibliose-bracted sessile heads, this would seem to be Nuttall's C. sessilijlora (from Santa Bar- bara), of which I find I have no specimen, though I must some time have examined it. But the present plant shows an outer pappus as conspicuous as that of G. pilosa itself, although of longer and narrower scales. A few scattered, long, arachnoid hairs are borne on the upper part of the disk-corollas. SoLiDAGO GuiRADONis : VirgatcB, glaberrima; caule gracili stricto; foliis anguste linearibus elongatis integerrimis, imis lanceolatis in petio- lura marginatum longe attenuatis ; panicula angustissima oligocephala ; capitulis parvis ; involucri squamis subulatis, costa crassa ; ligulis 8-9 flores disci 10-12 baud superantibus ; acheniis puberulis. — Along a brook at the base of San Carlos, coll. Guirado. Stem 2^ or 3 feet high, from a ligneous rhizoma. Lowest leaves 6 inches long, less than half an inch wide ; the principal cauline leaves 3 inches long and only 2 or 3 lines wide, above gradually reduced to linear-subulate bi'acts, venulose. Heads 2J- lines long, erect, sometimes in almost a simple raceme. A very distinct species, named for the collector, a very in- telligent young native Californian assistant in the surveying party, Guirado. Wyethia (ALARgONiA) GLABRA : W. helemoidei proxima, sed glabra, pi. m. viscosa ; foliis caulinis in petiolum brevem attenuatis ; pappo calyciformi e paleis 5-8 ovatis vel triangulatis nunc basi nunc ad medium u-que coalitis. — Marin County : specimen with the large head foliose-involucrate, as in many specimens of W. helenioides ; the 544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY cauline leaves obtuse and tapering into a short and margined petiole. Pass El Robles in Salinas Valley, south of San Luis Obispo, with a naked head (said to have the disk sometimes 4 inches in diameter, but in the specimens much smaller), and the cauline leaves more petioled. I have a radical leaf (about 1^ feet long and 4i inches wide) and a head of this, collected by Dr. Andrews, probably near San Francisco. TJ''. helianthoides, Nutt. (of which, however, I have not present access to any specimen), W. rohusta, Nutt., and W. angustifoUa, Nutt., belong probably to one species. The following, with the aristiform pappus of the above, has the woolliness and aspect of W. helenioides, but much smaller heads. "Wtethia JtOLLis : arachnoideo-lanata, ostate subdenudata; caule 1 -3-cephalo; foliis oblongis ovalibus ovatisque omnibus petiolatis in- tegerrimis ; involucri squamis ovato-lanceolatis cum ligulis elongatis 10-12 ; acheniis linearibus e pappo breviter coroniformi longius biaris- tato vel in radio triaristato. — Mono Lake and summit of Sonora Pass in the Sierra Nevada. Also near Carson City, Nevada, Dr. C. L. Anderson ; and in great patches on Mount Davidson at Virginia City, H. G. Bloomer. The Nevada specimens much more densely clothed with a coat of floccose white wool than those of Prof. Brewer : this may readily be rubbed off, and partly wears away from the old leaves. Radical leaves a foot or less in length, besides the stout petiole: cauline leaves 4 to 6 inches long. Scales of the involucre about an inch long, the outer and larger ones a little surpassing the disk, very woolly. Ligules an inch and a half long. Achenia about half an inch long, the subulate awns 3 or 2 lines long. — jMr. Nuttall regretted, as all must do, that this genus could not retain De Candolle's name of Alar^onia. Helianthus Bolanderi : Annul ; caule hirsute bipedali et ultra ramoso ; foliis omnibus altemis ovato-lanceolatis sen ovato-rhomboideis crebre saepius grosseque serratis e basi attenuata trinerviis longe petio- latis; involucri squamis foliaceis lineari-Janceolatis sensim attenuatis acutissimis patentibus vix imbricatis hirsutis discum superantibus ligu- las 10-12 suba^quantibus ; acheniis sericeis ; pappi paleis 2 aristas- formibus. — At the Geysers, Lake County, near Clear Lake, H. N. Bolander. The root is pretty clearly annual ; and the species (with leaves somewhat like those of // petiolaris, but much more serrate, &c.) is very different from any otlier we have. Heads small, the brown-purple disk less than an inch in diameter, the involucre resem- bling that of If. decapetalns or N. tracheliifoUus. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAY 30, 1865. 545 HELiAXTHrs EXiLis : Atimd, hirsutu?, nunc tantura scaber ; caule gracili pedali et ultra ramoso ; foliis (oppositis superioribus alternis) lineari-oblongis lanceolatisve subintegerriinis basi obscure trinerviis in petiolum brevem atteniiatis; capitulis pro genere minimis; invobicri squamis 10-12 lanceolatis foliaceis laxis ligulis 5 — 8 subdiraidio bre- vioribus ; paleis receptaculi aristato-cuspidatis; acheniis glabris ; pappi paleis ovato-lanceolatis. — In wet places about Clear Lake, H. N. Bolan- der. A glabrate form from Owen's Valley, Dr. Van Horn. Leaves an inch or an inch and a half long. Heads on almost filiform pedun- cles ; the brown-purple disk only half an inch broad. Chaff of the receptacle truncate-tricuspidate with the middle point projected into a rigid awn, all but the outer chaff carinate-winged on the back. PuGiOPAPPUS BiGELOVii, Gray in Torr. Bot. Whipp. Exped., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4, p. 104. Add. char, gen.: Achenia plano-obcom- pressa ; radii fertilia, ala suberosa cincta, calva ; caetera inania, disco epigyno cylindrico styli basin cingente apiciilata, paleis pappi pugio- niformibus demum deciduis. — Prof. Bi'ewer collected this very little known plant on dry hills at San Buenaventura, in the southern part of California, and also received it from Fort Tejon, collected by Dr. Van Horn, with some fruit. Ch^nactis Xantiana (C. glahriuscula var. megacephala, Gray in coll. Xantus, Fort Tejon, Jour. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc, non Bot. Whipp.) : C. heterocarphce affinis, sed robustior, magis glabrata, caule fistuloso ; C glabriusculam var. megacephalam aemulans sed pappo duplici, paleis 4 interioribus lanceolatis corollam subtequantibus 4 ex- terioribus brevissimis late cuneato-obovatis vel obcordatis ; ab utraque difFert involucri squamis angustioribus laxioribus, corollis ut videtur carneis, margiiialibus parum ampliatis casteras baud superantibus. (Capitula majora fere pollicaria.) — This, the No. 45 of the col- lection made by Xantus near Fort Tejon, I confounded, as is noted above, with a different species ; but we now have it, in fine state, from Dr. Anderson, who found it near Carson City, in Nevada. Var. INTEGRIFOLIA : foliis anguste linearibus integerrimis rariusve 1 - 2-lobati3. — Near Fort Tejon, Dr. Van Horn. Cii.ENACTis tanacktifolia : humilis, lana tenui canescens, mox glabrata ; foliis plerisque radicalibus bipinnatipai'titis, segmentis lobis- que confertis parvis oblongis sen ovalibus obtusissimis ; caiilibus scapisve (3 - 4-ponicaribus) raonocephalis ; involucri squaruis liiieari- 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY subspathulati.s; corollis aureis, margiiialibus ampliatis ; pappo diiplici e paleis 4 oblongis obtusis^imis corolla (disci paullo, i-adii diniidio) brcvioribus et 4 alternanlibus minimis ovalibus. — Lake County, near Clear Lake, IL N. Bolander. A very distinct species, with Tansy-like leaves in a radical tuft, heads rather smaller than those of C lanosa, and bright yellow flowers ; it makes the third known species with a short outer pappus. AcTixOLEPis MULTiCAULis, DC, var. PAPPOSA : acheniis disci etiam pappo donatis. — Prof. Brewer's specimens, from three stations, all in Santa Barbara County, uniformly have a pappus to the disk, like that of the ray flowers. This is the same in specimens otherwise exactly resembling the plant on which the genus was founded, and in a more woolly form, gathered in Santa Maria Valley, which however, except in the pappus, would not be distinguished from Dr. Parry's specimens, figured in the Botany of the Mexican Boundary Survey. Actinolepis might accordingly be reduced to a section of Bahia : but the reception of the external achenia into a concavity at the base of the involucral scales may still enable us to keep the genus. AcHYROPAPPUS WooDHOUSEi : humilis, ramosissiraus, subviscoso- puberulus ; fbliis fere omnibus oppositis tripartitis, segmentis linearibus obtusis integerrimis vel intermedio trilobo ; capitulis brevi-peduncula- tis ; involucri squamis obovato-oblongis ; (floribus albidis ?) ligulis par- vis ; cor. disci tubo gracili ; pappi paleis 8-10 lanceolatis acutis (alternis soepe brevioribus) nervo valido excurrente modo Palafoxicz instructis. — New Mexico, Dr. Woodhouse, in herb. Durand. Ap- parently only a span high ; the leaves all less than an inch long. Rays linear-oblong, a line and a half in length, scarcely exceeding the disk. Branches of the style tipped with a sliort and obtuse puberulent cone. This kind of style and the opposite divided leaves prevent us from referring the plant to Palafoxia, of which it has the pappus, nor will it fall into Florestina. BuRRiELiA LEPTALEA : fere glabra ; caule vel ramis subradicalibus 1 — 3 capillaribus simplicissimis monocephalis ; foliis perpaucis filifor- mibus parvis ; involucri squamis 4-5 ovalibus oblongisve ; ligulis totidem exsertis at disco maxime elevato brevioribus ; acheniis parce hispidulis bi- (raro tri-) aristatis ; aristis flores adiequantibus inferne sensira leviter dilatatis superne tenuissimo scaberrimo. — Santa Lucia Mountains, on very dry hillsides along the Nacismento River. Allied or ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAT 30, 1865. 647 to B. microglossa, and, like that species, having an acute appendage surmounting the branches of the style, and a very slender, subulate, naked-pointed receptacle ! The rays are more apparent, the involucral scales wider, and the pappus more slender and rough. Lastiienia (Monolopia) ambigua : gracilis, arachnoideo-lanata; caule spithamajo ramoso ; foliis alternis spathulato-linearibus lanceo- latisve subintegerrimis ; involucri angusto-campanulati squamis 8-9 acuminatis ultra medium connatis ; ligulis ovalibus brevibus ; corollis disci tubo hirsutissimo, limbo sensim arapliato glabrato; acheniis linea- ribus 5-gonis subglabris (exterioribus ad angulos hirtellis) nunc calvis nunc fere omnibus pappo brevi e paleis tenuibus eroso-truncatis coro- natis. — Near Fort Tejon, Dr. Van Horn, in coll. Brewer. Nearly related to X. {Monolopia, Benth.) hahicefolia of Hartweg's collection, which has a broader and more woolly involucre, disk-corollas with a narrower tube which is villous only in a ring at the junction with the broadly expanded limb, and hairy achenia, all, so far as known, desti- tute of pappus. In the present species the discovery of the pappus, conspicuous enough in some heads but wanting in others, confirms the suspicion that the Monolopice are epappose Heleniece. HuLSEA ALGiDA : viscoso-villosula ; caule (spithamaio) folioso monocephalo ; foliis lineari-lingulatis aut repando- aut laciniato-den- tatis sessilibus, imis subspathulatis, basibus dilatatis scariosis apicem caudicis crebre vestientibus ; capitulo maximo ; involucri squamis linearibus apice attenuatis albo-lanatis ; ligulis 50 - 60. — High peaks of the Sierra Nevada, on Mount Dana, at 11,500 feet, and Wood's Peak, 10,500 feet. Stems several from an ascending caudex, leafy nearly or quite to the head. Leaves 1^ to 3 inches long, 3 to 6 lines wide. Head an inch in diameter. Achenia 3 to 4 lines long. Nearly related to H. CaUfornica, of which I possess only a portion of an in- volucre (which is similar) and some flowers and achenia, the latter much smaller than in the present plant. HuLSEA VESTiTA : caulibus abbreviatis e caudice subterraneo erecto folia conferta obovato-spathulata subintegerrima albo-tomentissima sca- posque monocephalos gerentibus ; involucri squamis oblongo-linearibus viscoso-pubescentibus; ligulis 20-30; pappi paleis conspicuis. — In dry volcanic ashes, near the summit of a volcanic hill south of Lake Mono, alt. about 9,000 feet. A remarkable species of this now well- established genus. Leaves thickly coated with matted white wool 548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY (which mav nt Ipno-th hp dpfirlnnns ?^. hvonrllv-spntnlatf or cuneate- obovate, one or two inches long, ini;luding tne iong-attenuate base or petiole. Scapes from 2 to 4 inches high, naked or with a few small linear bracts, viscous-pnbescent, but entirely destitute of the white wool, as is the involucre also. Head about as large as that of II. nana, the involucre similar. The broad and truncate, eroded, silvery paleae of the pappus are one fourth or nearly one third the length of the silky- villous achenia. RIGIOPAPPUS, Nov. Gen. Heleniearum. Capitulum pluriflorum, heterogamum ; floribus radii 5-8 fcemineis, ligula parva discum vix superante ; disci hermaphroditis, corolla tubu- losa angusta 3 - 4-dentata, dentibus brevissimis. Involucrum biseriale, floribus brevius, e squamis subulato-linearibus rigidis foliis ramealibus conformibus. Receptaculum planum nudum. Styli rami i\. herm. parte stigmatosa brevi glabra (more Asteroidearum) complanata in ap- pendicem gracilem subulatam hirtellam producta. Achenia gracilia, linearia, compressa, hispidula, transverse rugulosa. Pappus simplex, e paleis 4-5 rigidis subcorneis aristiformibus (angusto-subulatis corol- 1am superantibus achenio ipso paullo brevioribus) constans. — Herba annua, gracilis, puberula ; foliis alternis linearibus ; ramis floriferis ex apice caulis simplicis paucis filiformibus monocephalis inferne aphyllis ; floribus luteolis vel albidis ? IviGiOPAPPrs LEPTOCLADUS. — Dalles of the Columbia River, Oregon, Dr. Lyall, coll. Oregon Boundary Commission ; communicated from the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, Kew. j /"•^'L^* • HEMIZONIA, DC, Torr. & Gray, § Hemizonella. Capitulum modo Harpcecarpi pauciflorum ; floribus radii 4-5, ligula brevissima styli ramos baud superante, disci ad unicum rare duos intra cupulam 3-5 dentatam reducti. Achenia omnia perfecta ; radii pi. m. obcompressa, subincurva. — Herba3 annuae, tenellaj, foliis linearibus hirsutis fere eglandulosis. Acheniis exceptis ad Harpecar- pum referenda}. Hemizonia (Hemizonella) minima : caule tenuissimo subpolli- cari 1 - 3-cephalo ; foliis brevibus, summis capitula sessilia involucrau- tibus eaque vix superantibus ; acheniis glabris, radii obovatis erostris. — Dry soil, near Soda Springs, alt. 8,680 feet. Leaves 1^ to 2 lines OF ARTS AND SCIENCES: MAT 30, 1865. 549 long, mostly opposite ; the lower oval or oblong, minute. Doubtless this plant grows larger, but probably still remains different from the following species in its much obcompi-essed and broad achenia, the summit rounded and entirely destitute of any beak. Involucre, as in the other species, hispid-glandular on the back, completely enclosing the achenia. Hemizonia (Hemizonella) parvula: bi-tripoUicaris, pilis albi- dis magis hispida; caule patentim ramoso; fohis angusto-linearibus, superioribus capitula sessilia involucrantibus eaque longe superantibus ; acheniis glaberrimis angustis fusiformi-falcatis subtrigono-obcompres- sis, rostro brevi incurvo. — EHamath Valley, Oregon, Mr. Kronkite. Leaves half an inch to an inch long, half a line wide. It is this species which by the achenia most approaches the genus Harpcecarpus, but these are still decidedly obcompressed instead of compressed ; and it would be very inconvenient now to admit compressed and obcompressed achenia into the same genus. Obviously these Uttle plants are much reduced Hemizonice. Hemizonia (Hemizonella) Durandi: caule a basi ramoso 3 - 6-pollicari ; capitulis e dichotomiis plerisque pedunculatis folia ful- crantia adaequantibus ; acheniis intus prassertim parce pilosis, floris centralis trigono apice truncato, radii obovato-oblongis trigono-ob- compressis arcuatis, rostro brevi inflexo. (^Harpoecarpus madarioides, Durand, PL Pratten. in Jour. Acad. Philad., non Nutt.) — Nevada County, California, Mr. Henry Pratten. Washoe County, Nevada, Mr. Stretch, communicated by Dr. Torrey. — Heads a line and a half in length, larger than in the foregoing species. I think this was also collected by Fremont, in his second expedition. But I possess no specimen of it. WHITNEYA, Nov. Gen, Heleniearum v. Senecionearum, epapposum. Capitulum multiflorum, heterogamum ; floribus radii ligulatis foemi- neis, disci tubulosis hermaphroditis. Involucrum biseriale, e squamis 10-12 ffiqualibus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis herbaceo-membranaceis. Receptaculum convexo-conicum, epaleatum, dense hirsutum. Ligulaj magnae. Corollge disci infundibuliformes, lobis breviusculis ovatis. Antherae ecaudatae. Stylus radii elongatus, disci ramis brevibus linea- ri-subulatis complanatis obtusiusculis extus hirtellis. Achenia oblonga, obcompressa, calva. — Herba Arnicce facie, montium Californiae in- VOL. VI. 62 550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY cola ; caule simplici e rhizorante gracili repente foliisque oppositis tomento tenui argentatis ; capitulo specioso ; floribus aureis. WiiiTXEYA DEALBATA. — J)ry woods on the Yosemite trail, alt. 7,000 feet. Stem simple, a foot high, naked above, and bearing a single head, or with an additional monocephalous peduncle from the axil of the uppermost leaves. Leaves entire, mucronate ; the radical or subradical ones obovate or oval, 3 - 5-nerved at the base, tapering into a flat or winged petiole ; the cauline usually a single pair, smaller and narrower, sessile, and sometimes connate. Rarely there are two alternate bracts. Lateral peduncles, when they occur, usually bibracte- ate. Involucre half an inch long, equalling the disk, tomentulose. Tube of the corolla glandular-pubescent. Ligulesover an inch long, lanceolate-oblong, 7 - 9-nerved, minutely three-toothed at the apex. Branches of the style in the di^^k-tlowers tapering into a bluntish hairy apex, but not tipped with any distinct cone or appendage. Achenia hirsute-pubescent ; those of the ray flat, 3-nerved on the inner face, and obscurely so on the outer face ; those of the disk appai-cntly similar and fertile, but immature in the three specimens collected. — This handsome Composita, doubtless belonging either to the Senecionece or Heleniece (although destitute of pappus), is dedicated to the eminent Geologist in charge of the Californian State Survey, Professor Josiah D. Whitney, under whose superintendence a most interesting and ex- tensive collection of dried plants of California, especially of the high sierras, has been made. RAILLARDIA, Gaudichaud, § Raillaudella. Achenia magis compressa. Pappus niveus. Styli rami appendice tenuiori superati. Receptaculum planum seu convexum. — Herbae acaules, pumilte, regionum alpinarum Calilbrniie montiura incolae, rhizo- matibus subterraneis repentibus apice folia rosulata lanceolata subuni- nervia scapumque gracilem monocephalum proferentibus. R\ri,LAUDiA (Raillardella) argentea: foliis spathulato-lanceo- latis utrinque argenteo-sei'iceis ; involucro cylindrico 7-15-floro cum scapo nudo glanduloso, squarais longe ultra medium coalitis ; recep- taculo piano glabro. — Sonora Pass, 8,000- 10,000 feet, and Ebbett's Pass, at about the same altitude, on dry slopes. — Leaves one or two inches long, tapering into a short petiole, subcoriaceous ; the silvery- bilky pubescence perhaps somewhat deciduous with age. Scape 1 ^ to OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAT 30, 1865. 551 5 inches long, leafless and bractless. Involucre over half an inch in length, of 7-12 linear scales, which coalesce to near their acute tips, but are readily separable. Corolla light yellow. Branches of the style linear and gradually produced into a slender subulate appendage ^ Achenia linear, compressed, silky-pubescent, scarcely narrowed at the base. Bristles of the pappus softly plumose, bright white, nearly equal- ling the corolla. Raillardia (Raillardella) scaposa : foliis subspathulato-line- aribus ciliolatis gum scapo- elongato inferne nunc 1 - 2-phyllo subvis- cosis ; involucro cylindraceo-campauulato 20 - 30-floro, squamis vix ultra medium coalitis ; receptaculo convexo subpiloso. — On a peak of the Sierra Nevada, N. N. E. of Soda Springs, in sunny places, at an elevation of 10,000 feet. Leaves narrower and mostly longer than in the preceding species, 2^ to 4 inches long, including the slender taper- ing base or petiole, wholly destitute of silvery pubescence, glabrous except a slight glandular pubescence along the margins, and viscid. Scape very slendei", eight inches to a foot high. Head nearly an inch long. Receptacle showing somewhat of the hairiness and convexity of the genuine species of Raillardia. These two species are, perhaps, the most interesting botanical dis- covery made by Professor Brewei'. I had long since remai-ked that Argyroxiphium and Wilkesia, — very peculiar Compositce of the Sand- wich Islands, — represent there the Madiece so characteristic of Cali- fornia and Oregon. We have here, in turn, two Californian plants so intimately allied to a most characteristic Hawaiian genus, Raillardia that, notwithstanding the difference in habit, I cannot venture to dis- tinguish them generically. Artemisia potentilloides : Seriphidium, undique incano-sericea, subpedalis ; foliis radicalibus bipinnatisectis, caulinis plerisque pin- natipartitis, segmentis 3-11 linearibus nunc latiusculis ; capitulis 3-6 heraisphfericis (majusculis) corymbosis ; pedunculis gracilibus ; involu- cri squamis circa 10 sequalibus obovatis, marginibus hyalinis ; recep- taculo convexo hirsutissirao ; floribus corapluribus flavis. — Nevada, near Carson City, Dr. C. L. Anderson. — A most distinct species, with a tuft of simple ascending stems and bipinnately-divided silvery leaves from a thickish caudex ; the cauline leaves few and small, an inch or less in length, the uppermost reduced to simple linear bracts. Heads 4 lines in diameter, depressed ; the flowers all hermaphrodite and fertile. 552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY Calais eriocarpha: C. cyclocarphce et Bigelovii similis; foliis Taraxaci ; acheniis pauUo gracilioribus acute costatis ; pappi paleis (quandoque 3-4) ovalibus integerrjmis extus lanatis arista sesqui- brevioribus. — Nipoma, on low hills. The woolly paleae of the pap- pus present a striking feature. Calais aphantocarpha : C. Bigelovii similis ; acheniis pauUo gracilioribus ; pappi paleis 5 minimis deltoideis subito in aristam tenuem scabram achenio longior productis. — Bushy Knob, southeast of Monte Diablo. Leaves and scapes (one to two feet high) and the whole aspect not unhke Leontodon autumnale. Achenia of Eucalais, the outermost villous. Pappus of Scorzonella, the pale£e being re- duced to a mere basal dilatation of the slender awn, but only five in number. Stephaxomeria lactucixa : caule subsimplici e radice perenni tenuiter puberulo ad apicem usque lequaliter folioso oligocephalo ; foliis lanceolatis seu linearibus parce spinuloso-dentatis vel integerrimis ; ca- pitulis subcorymbosis ; involucri (semipollicaris) squamis lanceolatis subimbricatis ; floribus circiter 10. — Dry hill near Big-tree Road in the Sierra Nevada, alt. 6,000 feet. A somewhat anomalous and large- flowered species of this genus, with the aspect rather of a reduced form of Midgedium pulcheUum. Stem not much branched. Leaves from 1^ to 2^ inches long, sessile, not clasping. Scales of the involucre somewhat broadly lanceolate, the outer ones of various lengths, and thus gi'adually passing into the inner ones, making the involucre somewhat imbricated. " Flowers delicate rose-color." Mature achenia not seen ; but the ovaries wholly as in Stephanomeria. Pappus bright white, 4 or 5 hues long. Stephanomeria ? cichoracea : tomento tenui mox evanido gla- brata ; caule rigido elate, ramis virgatis superne nudis racemoso-oligo - polycephalis ; foliis caulinis lanceolatis coriaceis rariter pinnatifido- dentatis vel denticulatis, dentibus spinescentibus ; involucro circiter 12-floro e squamis plurimis lanceolatis gradatim imbricatis (exteriori- bus subsquarrosis) constante ; receptaculo favoso ; ligulis brevibus ut videtur roseis ; acheniis hisvibus ; pappo sordido rigidulo breviter plu- mose.— In the collection of Dr. Van Horn, from Fort Tejen, coram, to Professor Brewer. A plant of wholly doubtful genus, with the habit of Cichoriiim Intyhus, but more leafy up the stems or branches; the leaves from 2 to 6 inches long, rigid, the larger ones furnished, OF ARTS AND SCIENCES : MAT 30, 1865. 553 especially toward the base, with some coarse salient teeth. Flowers larger than in any genuine Stephanomeria ; the involucre fully half an inch in length, of more rigid and imbricated scales than in that genus ; the ligules about three lines long, scarcely exceeding the tube of an- thers. Achenia, still young, short, truncate, costate, with wide inter- vals, not at all narrowed at the summit. Bristles of the pappus 15 to 20, uniserial, somewhat coalescent at the base, 3 lines long, equalling the tube of the corolla, barbellate-plumose after the manner of a Lia- tris. Plant apparently as much as three feet high ; the base of the stem not seen. Crepis Axdersonii : glaber (capitulis exceptis) ; caudice perenni folia oblongo-spathulata vel oblongo-lanceolata laciniato-pinnatifida seu dentata subruncinata scaposque corymboso-ramosos proferente, ramis monocephalis ; involucro glanduloso-pubero vel glabrato 2-3-seriali, squamis lanceolatis, interioribus attenuato-acuminatis discum fructi- ferum adaequantibus ; acheniis fusiformibus sensim brevi-rostratis an- gulato-pluricostatis. — Nevada, in the vicinity of Carson City, chiefly in low grounds. Leaves 2 to 5 inches long, including the tapering base or petiole, sometimes only denticulate or dentate, sometimes pin- natifid and with the lobes laciniate-toothed. Scapes from 10 to 24 inches high, angled and strongly striate, usually leafless and with a few linear bracts. Heads three fourths of an inch in length, or some- times smaller ; the involucre more imbricated than in 01 occidentalis and C. runcinata. Flowers golden yellow. Achenia about 3 lines long, smooth, angled with salient ribs and deep furrows. Pappus soft and white. HiERACiUM Breweri : humilis (triuncialis ad subpedalem) ; foliis uniformibus oblongo-spathulatis integerrimis cum caule usque ad api- cem folioso pilis longis mollibus albo-villosissimis ; panicula corymbosa polycephala; capitulis parvis 10 - 15-fioris ; involucro subimbricato cylindraceo vix glanduloso cum pedicellis parce piloso ; floribus flavis ; acheniis oblongo-hnearibus baud apice vix basi angustatis. — Silver Valley in the Sierra Nevada, alt. 7,350 feet, and (a dwarfed alpine state) Silver Mountain, alt. 11,000 feet. Somewhat resembling the most hairy forms of H. Scouleri, Hook. ; but dwarf, very leafy to the top, and canescent with very soft shaggy hairs, except the inflores- cence ; the latter of very numerous heads in a crowded panicle. Invo- lucre 3 lines loner. 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY To the account of these new Compositce of "Western North America I append the characters of a striking new genus belonging to the Sand- wich Islands, recently discovered by INIr. Horace Mann. HESPEROMANNIA. Nov. Gen. 3fulisiacearum. Capitulum homogamum, raulti- et cequaliflorum, discoideum, flori- bus herraaphroditis. Involucrum campanulato-turbinatum, multiseriale ; squamis chartaceo-rigidis obsolete nervatis, raucTonato-acutis, interiori- bus lineari-lanceolatis, exterioribus sensim brevioribus. Receptaculum planum nudum. CoroUce subcoriacete, angustaj, subregularis (leviter bilabiatae, §, extus intusque glabrce, tubo 5-nervi), laciniis longis lineari- bus erectis. Filamenta imo tubo corolla? inserta, e fauce exserta : an- therae lineares, brevissime caudatte, caudis truncatis ultra articulum baud productis. Stylus liliformis, ramis brevissimis angustis acuti- usculis. Achenium oblongo-lineare, angulatura, erostre, glabrum. Pappus multiserialis, setis rigidulis scabris. — Arbuscula inei'mis, glaber; foliis obovato-oblongis subserratis penninerviis breviter petio- latis ad apices ramorum brevium confertis ; capitulis terminalibus sub- umbellatis brevi-pedunculatis ea Chuquiragce insignis oemulantibus ; floribus flavis. Hesperojiaxnia arborescens. — On the highest part of Lanai, one of the Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands ; coll. Horace Mann and W. T. Brigham. This is specially interesting as being the only known Labiatijlora from any of the proper Pacific Islands. These Compositce, so char- acteristic of South America, appear to be wanting even in Juan Fernan- dez. As the present plant does not fall into any published genus, it would appropriately bear the name of its discoverer, Mr. Horace Mann, the latest and one of the most ardent explorers of the botany of the Sandwich Islands, who has gleaned not a few novelties in a field which has been harvested by numerous botanists, from Nelson and Menzies, in the times of Cook and Vancouver, down to Remy in 1851 - 1853. The name of 3Tannia, however, having been already bestowed upon a genus of Simarnhece, in commemoration of the arduous botani- cal services of Mr. Gustavus Mann in Tropical Africa, I venture, in the generic appellation here proposed in compliment to our Western young botanist of the same name, to compound the word by a distin- guishing prefix. •OF ARTS AND SCIENCES: MAY 30, 1865. 555 The genus belongs to the Flotowiece, according to Weddell's neat arrangement : and agrees with Chuquiraga and Doniophyton in hav- ing the long filaments free from the corolla down almost to its base. But the merely scabrous copious pappus, and naked and glabrous re- ceptacle, as well as the corolla glabrous within, and the achenia, wholly separate it from these andine genera. On the other hand, it quite as much resembles the Brazilian and Cuban Stiftia and Anastraphia ; but in the latter of these genera the filaments are adnate almost, and in the former quite, to the sinuses of the corolla ; while the anthers in both of them are long-tailed, and the lobes of the coi-olla more or less revolute.* Two well-marked new Ferns, which the explorations of the Cali- fornia State Geological Survey have brought to light, are characterized by Professor Eaton as follows : — Pell^a Breweri, D. C. Eaton (sp. nov.) : caudice brevi assur- gente ; stipitibus bi - tripollicaribus confertis fulvo-nitentibus teretibus fragillimis basi paleis angustissimis fulvis obtectis ; frondibus tri-qua- dripollicaribus oblongis pinnatis, pinnis brevi-petiolatis membranaceis pellucidis plerumque bipartitis, segmento superiori majore, segmentis pinnisque superioribus ovatis vel triangulari-ovatis basi cuneatis, venis liberis pluries furcatis ; sporangiis ad apices venularum pancis indusio continuo tenui revoluto velatis. — Rupestris inter montes Sierra Ne- vada Californiae, altitudine 7,000 - 9,000 ped. super mare. Prof. W. H. Brewer, n. 1919, 2102, 2038. AspiDiuM (PoLTSTiCHUJi) Californicum, D. G. Eaton (sp. nov.) : elatum, insigne ; frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis pinnatis, pinnis confer- tis lanceolatis falcatis acutissimis basi superiori auriculatis, imis vix minoribus, inferioribus pinnatifidis, mediis pinnatilobatis, supremis gra- datim minoribus spinuloso-serratis, .lobis ovato-oblongis spinuloso-apicu- latis subtus paleis angustis conspersis supra glabris, venis pinnatis liberis, pinnis fere omnibus soriferis ; soris confertis ; indusiis teneribus orbiculatis ciliatis pedicello brevi gracili suffultis ; rhachi stipiteque paleis difformibus instructis aliis magnis lato-lanceolatis aliis minoribus * In St'Jlia chrysantha I d() not find the tube of the corolla 10 nerved, nor the branches of the style acute ; the latter are rather spatulate and very obtuse. 656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. anguste linearibus ciliatis. — In montibus CaliforniiB prope Santa Cruz, HrN. Bolander. Frons fere bipedalis, 5-6 poll. lata. Stipes pedalis et" ultra. E grege A. lobati, sed aspectu et elegantia A. munitum referens. New York Bo.anica, Ga,den L*rary gfaJ'As1/Botanicalcontribution|18'fe5. 3 5185 00135 0444 Z^' '..V ^^ri'^. '^!¥^ mm mi.