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1 VoL. mx JANUARY, 1907. No. 240,
THE
BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.
ーーーーーーー ジ で ーーーーーー
CONTENTS.
Ichiro Miyake —tiber einige Pilz-krankheiten unserer Nutzpflanzen.
. K. Saito -—Uber die re bei Aspergillus Oryzz 2 。 ]aufge Mittheilung)
B. Hayata :—Supplements Ge the Pacts Pintarae “For mosanarum (Continued from Vol. XX. p. 78) .
1
7
12 T. Makino :—Observations on the Flora of Japan (Continued from Vol. XX. p. 97) . > De _ JAPANESE BoTaNICAL ニン : 19 ARricLEs IN JAPANESE :— _ Ichiro Miyake :—Uber einige Pilz-krankheiten unserer Nutzpflanzen. )
_K. Shibata and K. Miyake :—A few Observations on the Physiology of the Spermatozoids of Cycas revoluta cone
M. Tokuhisa :—On the distribution Sf Planktons: in tle ‘Late Chuzenji 2 ER Ee aa » (11)
(7)
| CurRENT 0 ene - ーー | 』 Blakeslee, A. F.. Differentiation of sex in Thallus gametophyte
and sporophyte.—H. Molisch, Zwei neue Purpurbakterien mit Schwebe korperchen.
MISCELLANEOUS : ーー Life of Mr. C. B. Clarke, 一 Miscellaneous, Personals, etc.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOKYO BoTANICAL SOCIETY.
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Uber einige Pilz-krankheiten unserer Nutzpflanzen.
Von
Ichiro Miyake, Nogakushi.
Im folgenden erlaube ich mir, einige von mir in verschiedenen Teilen Japan’s gemachte Beobachtungen tuber neue durch Pilze verursachte Pflanzenkrankheiten mitzuteilen.
Herrn Prof. Dr. M. SgrRAr bin ich sehr vielen Dank schuldig, da er mir diese Studien zuwies und das notige Vergleichs- material mir zu verschaffen, die Gite hatte.
1. Eine neue Mehltau-Krankheit ,, Omoteshiroshibubyo “ der Maulbeerbaume.
Der zu den Erysiphaceze gehorende Pilz, welcher haufig auf den Maulbeerbaumen (Morus alba L.) parasitiert, ist Phyl- Jactinia suffulta (Reb.) Sacc., und unter dem japanischen Namen ,, shiroshibubyo ‘‘ (Mehltau) bekannt. Dieser ist in Japan der einzige zu den Erysiphaceee gehorende Pilz, welcher auf Morus parasitiert, jedoch in America kommt auch Uncinula geniculata Ger., auf Morus rubra L. vor. Dieser Pilz wurde in Japan auf den Blattern von Styrax Obassia S. et Z. gefunden, aber noch nicht auf Morus. ,, Omoteshiroshibubyo ‘‘ (Oberseitenmehltau) des Maulbeerbaumes, wortiber ich hier kurz mitteilen will, gehort ebenfalls zur Gruppe Uncinula, und ist von mir erst im Herbst 1905 in Imaichi bei Nikko gefunden. Er unterscheidet sich von Phyllactinia suffulta dadurch, dass er gewohnlich auf den oberen Seiten der Blatter lebt. Herr Dr. SHotTaro Hort nannte die Krankheit ,, Omoteshiroshibubyo “ (Oberserten- mehltau), um ihn von dem gewohnlichen Mehltau zu unter- scheiden. Dieser Name ist der passendeste, weil mein Uncinula _ sein Mycel hauptsachlich auf den oberen Seiten der Blatter entwickelt, obgleich er auf den beiden Seiten derselben leben kann.
り THE BOVANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 240,
Das Mycel dieses Pilzes ist diinn, stark septiert und hat eine Dicke von 3.8-5.0 ん . und eine Lange von 16-30 p. Das Mycel produciert hier und da Haftorgane (Fig. 3), durch deren Vermittelung es sich fest an die Blatter haftet; von hier dringen die Haustorien in die Epidermiszellen ein, um diese auszusaugen. Die Haftorgane haben einen Durchmesser von 13-18 »; ihr Rand ist unregelmassig zackig. Das Mycel auf der oberen Seite des Blattes bildet ein kleines oder grosses, rundliches, weisses, diinnes Lager, worauf viele Perithecien sich jefinden, aber zuweilen sind die Blattflichen diffis mit den Petithecien bedeckt. Auf der unteren Seite ist das Mycel abet so diinn, dass man es mit den blosen Augen nicht sehen kann ; filit ati eitier oder mehreren Stellen sitid die Perithecien sichtbar. (Fig. 1). Die Perithecien sind klein, schwarz, halbkugelig ; der Durchmesser an der Basis, 92-130 p. gewohnlich 100 み . und ihre Zellforimen sind unregelmassig, ihr Durchmesser 10-17 ん み durchschnittlich 15 yp, oder ihre Dicke 10 » und Lange 17 p (Fig. 2). Die Zahl der Anhangsel ist 12-26 (sehr selten 26) gewohnlich 15-17; ihre Form ist characteristisch (Fig. 4), sie haben an der Basis eine Dicke von 5-6 yp, selten von 4 / und sind so dickwandig, dass die Vacuole kaum gesehen werden kann. Diese Anhangsel reflectieren unter dem Mikroskope den Liehtstrahl an der Basis sehr:stark. Nach der Spitze hin nimmt die Dicke anfangs zu (7-8 yp, selten 6 y#), aber nahe an der Spitze wird Zellwand wieder diinner, und an der Stelle, wo die Spitze sich zu biegen anfangt, wird sie auf einmal sehr diinn, niimlich 2.5 yp, selten 3.5 », sehr selten 4.0 4. Infolge dieser Abnahme der Dicke wird der Durchmesser 10 / an det einfach eingerollten Spitze, oder selten 14 4 an der fest eingerollten, Die Linge der Anhangsel ist 130-216 yp, ihre Zellwand ist nicht glatt, sondern rauh, besonders an der Basis: Characteris- tisch ist es, dass einige von den Anhangselm sich in der Mitte mehr oder weniger kriimrien, indem die Partie oberhalb der Biegung meist plotzlich diinner wird.
Eine Perithecie enthalt gewohnlich 4 Asci, sehr selten 6, von ovaler oder ellipsoidischer Form, kurz gestielt, meist dick- wandig, aber diinner in der oberen und unteren Partie. (Fig.
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4 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXTI, No..240,
5). Die Dicke der Wand erreicht oft 3 4, gewohnlich aber nur etwa 2”. Die Zahl der Sporen in einem Ascus ist 4-5; ich habe niemals 3-oder 6-sporige gesehen. Die Grosse des reifen Ascus ist 50-60 x 40-50.
Die Sporen sind ellipsoidisch, in jungeren Stadien refringent und mit deutlich sichtbaren kernen verschen, in reifen stadien aber grobkoérnig, diinnwandig, 27-35 x 14-19 ん (Fig. 6).
Der Vergleich meines Pilzes mit den bekannten Uncinula- species wird die wichtigeren Unterschiede in folgender Tabelle zeigen. (Nach Herrn Dr. SALMON und Herrn Dr. Saccarpo).
Wie diese Tabelle zeigt, ist mein Pilz von anderen Pilzen in vielen Punkten verschieden : aber der wichtigste Unterschied besteht in den Eigenschaften der Anhangsel. In Bezug auf die- selben stehen U. flexuosa, U. geniculata und U. Miyabei am nahesten.
U. flexuosa Peck ist nur in der Form der Anhangsel (Fig. 7.) etwas ahnlich, aber verschieden in der Zahl derselben (zahlreicher, namlich 12-60, gewohnlich 30), in der Lange (kiirzer ; beinahe gleich zum Durchmesser der Perithecie), in. der Zahl der Asci in einer Perithecie (zahlreicher: 4-11) und im mehr-sporigen Ascus (gewohnlich 8, oft 7, selten 6).
U. geniculata Ger. ist, wie oben gesagt, Parasit auf Morus rubra L.; deshalb hielt ich meinen Pilz mit dieser species fur identisch. Aber bei naherem Vergleich wurden viele Verschie- denheiten aufgedeckt. Die Zahl der Anhangsel ist grOsser, 24-46, und ihre Dicke geringer 4 » (Fig. 8). Nicht nur die Zahl der gebogenen Anhangsel, sondern auch der Grad der Biegung sind grosser.
Asci sind zahlreicher in einer Perithecie 5-8 ; die Sporen- zahl in einem Ascus ist gewohnlich 6. Insbesondere parasitiert dieser Pilz nur auf den oberen Seiten des Blattes nicht beider- seitig wie mein Mehltaupilz.
U. Miyaber ist parasitaer auf Alnus japonica S. et Z. und A. incana Wild. var. glauca Ait., auf beiden Blattseiten und steht dem Oberseiten—mehltaupilze sehr nahe. Der Unterschied ist nicht so gross als von anderen Pilzen; die wichtigsten Unterscheidungsmerkmale bestehen in der Zahl
JAN. 1907.] MIYAKE.—EINIGE PILZ-KRANKHEITEN. 5
und Form der Anhdngsel, und der Zahl und Grosse der Sporen. «_ 7
Nach Herrn Dr. SatMon ist die Zahl der Anhangsel 11-48, gewohnlich 20-30, aber meine Untersuchung zeigte dass sie sehr selten unter 20 fallt (bei meinem Pilz gewohnlich 15-17.) Die Zellwand desselben ist zwar etwas dick an der Basis, aber nicht so dick wie bei meinem Pilz (Fig. 9); gewohnlich sieht man in der Mitte eine mehr oder weniger grosse Vacuole. An der Spitze hat das Anhangsel von 4.2-5.0 » und in der ein- gerollten Partie Durchmesser von 12-18 in Mittel 15 yw. Die Sporenzahl in einem Ascus ist nach meiner Untersuchung gewohnlich 6 oft 5, aber nicht 4 und 7. Die Sporen sind kleiner, 20 x 11 durchschnittlich (bei meinem Pilz: 30x16).
Es ist also sehr wahrscheinlich, dass mein Pilz mit keiner bekannten Uncinula-Species ibereinstimmt und eine neue Species / ist. Daher nenne ich ihn
Uncinula Mori, sp. nov.
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Uber die Sdurebildung bei Aspergillus OryZze. (Vorliufige Mittheilung) ~ Von
K. Saito.
Von den freien organischen Sauren, welche von Aspergillaceen erzeugt werden, sind die Oxals&ure und Zitronensdure langst bekannt. Unsere Kenntniss tiber die Physiologie der Sanure- bildung bei den Pilzen verdanken wir den griindlichen Unter- suchungen WEHMER’s. Er fand eine auffallige Menge von freier Oxalsaure bei Aspergillus niger und andeutungsweise dieselbe Saure bei Aspergillus glaucus und Penicillium glaucum.” Die Zitronensauregahrung wurde von ihm beobachtet, zumal bei Citromyces glaber und C. Prfefferianus? und schwacher bei Penicillium luteurn.”
Man kann mit grosser Wahrscheinlichkeit vermuthen, dass in anderen Pilzen eine Sduregdhrung atderer Natur sich voll- ziehen kann, und ist es mir nun in det That gelungen, bei Aspergillus Oryze eine netie Saureart als dessen Stoffwechsel- produkt zu konstatieren.
Auf die Thatsache, dass A. Oryze in zuckerhaltigen Nahr- losungen Sauren bilden kann, ist schon friher aufmerksam gemacht worden. Sancurnet” berichtet, dass Ameisen- und Essigsauren in den Kulturen dieses Pilzes gebildet werden, doch ist seine Angabe nicht sehr wahrscheinlich und bedirfte sie _ jedenfalls mit reinen Kulturen noch einer weiteren Bestadtigung.
1) WEHMER, C., Botan. Zeitg., 1891, Nr. 15-38, u. a.
2) Derselbe, Beitriige z. Kenntniss einheim. Pilze, Heft I, 1893.
3) Derselbe, Cheri.-Zeitg., 1897, Bd. 21, p. 1022.
4) SANGUINETt, J., Ann. de Tnstitut Pasteur, 1897, Bd. 11, p. 263. Zit. nach Larar, Handbuch d. techn. Mykologie, Bd. IV, 1906, p. 248.
8 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. KG Nee
GRaE' bestimmte die Aciditat der Wiirze,” auf welcher einzelne Schimmelpilzarten kultiviert wurden; nach ihm entspricht die Aciditiit von 20 ccm Kulturfliissigkeit von A. Oryze nach 28 Tagen 40 ccm ;4, normal Barytlauge.
Bei ausgedehnten Untersuchungen ber die Kahmhefen be- schiftigte sich MEISSNER” nebenbei auch mit Saurebildung und Sdurezerst6rung durch Schimmelpilze in steriliziertem Most, und fand, dass durch A. Oryze, unter Most getaucht, eine gewisse Menge fixer Sdure gebildet wird. WEHMER” gibt auch an, dass A. Oryze ein schwacher Saurebildner ist.
Da ich vermutete, dass den Stoffwechselprodukten von A. Oryze irgend eine wichtige Bedeutung fiir die Herstellung von Sake und Soya-Sauce zukomme, habe ich mich zundchst mit der Untersuchung der Sdure beschaftigt.
Bald nach Entwickelung der nach Sporenaussat auf Reis hervorgehenden Decke beginnt der gedampfte Reis durch A. Oryze verfltissigt zu werden und blaues Lackmuspapier zu rothen. Gleichzeitig fiel es mir auf, dass die Flussigkeit mit wasseriger Eisenchloridlosung eine weinrothe bis purpurrothe Farbung giebt. Allmahlich schreitet die Verfliissigung weiter, und nach einigen Wochen wird die Flissigkeit gelblich gefarbt. Die klare filtrierte Flussigkeit wurde bis zu dicker Konsistenz eingedampft. Den Rickstand behandelt man unter stetem Schittelm mit eine Menge Aether und verdunstet den etheri- schen Auszug bis zur Trockene, wobei eine kleine Menge Krystalle zuruckbleibt. Die wasserige Losung des Rickstandes wurde filtriert, um das anhaftende Fett zu beseitigen, und wiederum mit Tierkohle entfarbt. Beim Stehen des klaren Filtrats im Exsiccator tritt eine Menge nadelformniper Krystalle auf. Die wasserige Lésung der Krystalle wurde mit verdiinnter Hisen- chloridlésung gepriift, wobei die oben erwabnte charakteris- tische Farbenreaktion in auffallendem Grade eintritt. Es ist
ア
り 6. Jahresbericht der Lehranstalt u. Versuchsstation Miinch. Brauer-Akademie, 1899/1909, p. 28 (Ref. in Kocu’s Jahresbericht, 11 Jahrgang, 1900, p. 189).
*) Die Wiirze erforderte nach dem Sterilizieren auf 20 ccm 5.7 ccm Lauge.
リー Meissner, R., Landwirth. Jahrbiicher, Bd. XXX, 1901, p. 497.
) Werumer, C., Die Pilzgattung Aspergillus, 1901, P. 75.
san. 1907] SAITO—SAUREBILDUNG BEI ASPERGILLUS. 9
sicher also, dass die Substanz, welche bei der Kultur auf Reis die charakteristische Farbung mit Eisenchlorid gibt, in dieser Weise isoliert werden kann.
Da nun meine bisherigen Versuche Der die gewonnenen Krystalle schon eine neue Thatsache gebracht haben, wird es nicht unzweckmdssig sein, einen kurzen Bericht dartber zu geben. Meine eigenen Ergebnisse sind die folgenden :—
1) Die Krystalle bilden feine Nadelbiischel oder Saulen. Sie sind leicht loslich in kaltem und heissem Wasser, Alkohol und Aether, unloslich aber in Chloroform, Benzol und. Petro- leamether. Die wasserige Losung schmeckt stark sduerlich.
2) Im auffallenden Licht erscheinen die Krystalle weisslich seidenglanzend. Im polarisierten Licht zeigen sie starke Dop- pelbrechnung. Die Krystallform gehort anscheinend dem mono- clinen System an, doch soll eine mmm MM noch vorgenommen werden.
3) Die Krystalle sind leicht sublimierbar; ihre Dampfe reizen zum Husten.
4) Die wdsserige Losung rothet blaues Lackmuspapier
und blaut Congoroth. Wird die wasserige Losung mit Natriumkarbonat oder Kreide behandelt, so braust sie gleich lebhaft auf. Diese sind zwei aoc Reaktionen fiir Gegenwart von freier Saure. _ 5) Mit Methylorange zeigte die Fiusssigkeit die Sairemal: tion, dagegen findet man keine Farbenanderung durch Methyl- EE Da die Resultate von Paralleltitrierungen mit beiden Indikatoren nicht tibereinstimmen, so miissen wir die Krystalle emer freien organischen Sdure (ausgenommen die Oxalsdure) zuschreiben. :
6) Nach dem Verbrennen der Krystalle bleibt kein Ruck- stand. :
7) Eine charakteristische Reaktion ist die nach Behandeln der wasserigen Losung mit Eisenchlorid eintretende, zwischen weinroth und purpurroth schwankende Farbung. Dieselbe .Reaktion wird auch bei den mit Ammoniak, Natriumkarbonat oder Kreide neutralizierten Losungen konstatiert. Mit Eisen- oxydulsulfat trat keine Farbenreaktion ein.
10 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol, XXI. No, 240,
8) Nach Abdampfen der Losung, in welcher mit Eisen- chlorid die charakteristische Farbung erzeugt wurde, bleibt ein gleichfarbiger Riickstand. Beim Behandeln mit Schwefelsdure verschwindet plotzlich die Farbung, welche aber dureh Neutra- lizieren mit Kalilauge wieder hervortreten kann.
9) Die wasserige LOsung zeigt mit NESSLER′schem Reagens keine Reaktion. In Bezug auf das Vorhandensein des Stickstoffes ergab die ubliche Erkennungsmethode ein negatives Resultat.
10) FEgrrNe'sche Losung, MrrLrLoN'sches Reagens, Phos- phomolybdansaure und Bleiacetat ergaben weder bemerkbaren Niederschlag noch irgend welche Farbung.
11) Die neutralizierte wasserige Losung ergab mit Calcium-
chlorid keinen Niederschlag, selbst beim Erhitzen nicht.
Die Loslich に eitsverhaltnisse der Krystalle und das Verhalten der wasserigen Losung gegen Eisenchlorid weisen darauf hin, dass wir es weder mit den verbreiteten Pflanzensduren wie Oxalsdure, Bernsteinsdure, Aepfelsaure, Weimsaure, Zitronensaure etc. noch mit Benzoesaure zu thun haben. Es ist auch wahr- scheinlich, dass diese Substanz mit der von Krrao und AKiyaMa” aus Soya und Miso isolierten Substanz, welche mit Eisenchlorid eine der Salycylsaure ahnliche Farbenreaktion erkennen lasst, nicht identisch ist. Die oben erwahnten Reaktionen lassen mich jedoch annehmen, dass diese Krystalle einer aromatischen Saure angehoren. Am wahrscheinlichsten liegt , た Resorcylcarbonsaure vor, welche dieselbe tiefrothe Farbung mit Eisenchlorid giebt. Die Krystallform ist leider nicht entscheidend, weil die ganz gleichen prismatischen Krystallformen sich auch bei vielen andern Sauren der Benzolreihe findet. Leider sind die letzten Spuren eimes gelben olartigen Korpers schwer zu _beseitigen, wesshalb auch eine Schmelzpunktbestimmung unterbleiben musste.
Ich kann noch nicht entscheiden, ob die fragliche Substanz mit Stoffwechselprodukte phenolartigen Charakters, die nach Gosro?
) Krrao, G. and AkryAma, I., Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 1905, No, 280, P. 483 (Japanisch).
*) Gosto, B., Gazz. chim, ital., Vol. XXIIT, 1893, P. 186 (Ref. in chem. Central- blatt, 1893, Bd. I, P. 948).
fan oe SAITO.—SAUREBILDUNG BEI ASPERGILLUS. 11
bei der Maisstairkeverarbeitung von Penicillium entstehen, in irgend welcher Beziehung steht. Doch halte ich es ftir wahr- scheinlich, dass meine Krystall von dew Gosto’schen Verbindungen verschieden ist, denn jene Substanz wurde bei der Kultur des Penicillium glaucum auf Mais nicht gefuuden.
Die Sdurebildung ist zundchst, wie bei Oxalsaure- und Zitro- nensauregahrungert von den gebotenen organischen Ndahrstoffe abhangig ; sie findet sich auch bei Darbietung von Dextrose, Maltose, Saccharose, Galaktose und Glycerin, nicht dagegen bei Verwendung von Mannit,” indem in letzterem Falle die Ent- wickeluug des Pilzes anscheinend sich iippig gestaltet. In den Nahrlo6sungen, welche als Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffquelle nur Eiweiss, Witte-Pepton oder Asparagin enthielten, trat alkalische Reaktion der Kulturfliissigkeit ein und konnte die fragliche Sanure nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Die Bedeutung dieses Stoffwechselprodukts von A. Oryze aufzuklaren erfordert weitere Studien. Gewohnliches Koji ent- halt stets eine kleine Menge dieser Substanz, welche durch meine eigenen Versuche nachgewiesen werden konnte. Genaueres kann ich vorlaufig nicht mittheilen, ‘weil die Menge der Krystalle nicht genug war ftir weitere Versuch.
Naturlich ist es nicht ausgeschlossen, dass die Sdurezunahme in einer Kultur von A. Oryze nur der oben erwahnte Substanz zuzuschreiben ist. Es kénnen auch andere Sauren je nach den obwaltenden Bediirfnissen und ‘Verhdltnissen gebildet werden, doch konnte ich, wenigstens bei den Kulturen auf gekochtem Reis und in Zuckerlosung keine Spuren von Ameissen- und Essig- sauren nachweisen, welche nach SANGUINETI gebildet werden sollen.
まこ
) Von anderen Nihrstoffen sind 0.1 Proz、 Monokaliumphosphat, 0.05 Proz. Magne- siumsulfat und 1 Proz. Witte-pepton in der ‘Kulturlésung vorhanden.
Supplements to the Enumeratio Plantarum Formosanarum.
By
B. Hayata.
Assistant in the Botanical Institute, Science College,
Imperial University, Tokyo.
(Continued trom Vol. XX. p. 78.)
Pteridium aquilinum Kuyn. var. lanuginosum Bory CopELAND, Polyp. Philipp. p. 104.
Hab. in monte Morrison, Ganzan, ad 9141 ped. alt., leg. S. Nacasawa, anno 1905, (No. 676).
Aspienium iaciniatum Don. ‘ Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. Si Hoox. Sp. Fil. lil. p: 164, t-200, A; Hoon. et BAKER Syn Fil. p. 211; CLARKE, Rev. Fern. North Ind. p. 481 : Bepp. Fern. South Ind. p. 49, t. 145.
Hab. in monte Morrison, Suizan, ad 7702 ped. alt., leg. S. NAGASAWA, anno 1905, (No. 656).
According to Baker in Syn, Fil. p. 211 and Franecn. et SAVAT. Enum. Pl. Jap. Il. p. 219, Asplenium Jaciniatum Don. exists in Japan. But we have not yet seen a specimen of it. The species does, so far as I am aware, vary over a wide range. 1 am persuaded by Mr. T.- Maxino that my plant should, though not quite agreeable to the descriptions above cited, be referred to this species. It may be a form of the typical one; but for the sake of accuracy, I may take the liberty of giving the description, basing it upon the Morrison specimen.
Stipites caspitosi, erecti, semiteretes, 6-8 cm. longi atro- virides, ad basin paleaceo-squamosi, paleis flavo-fuscis subulato- linearibus. Frondes 30-35 cm. longe, 5-6 em. late, cireum-
JAN, 1907.] HAYATA—ENUM. PL. FORMOSANARUM. BS
scriptione oblongo-lineares pinnate, pinnis remotiusculis hori- zontale patentibus alternis oblongis plus minus attenuatis petiolulatis subherbaceis 34 cm. longis 1 cm. latis, supra nitidis subtus pallidis, basi inzequalibus et oblique cuneatis pinnatifidis ; lobis obovato-cuneatis obtusis apice inzequaliter inciso-serratis. Sori lineares elongati, 6—9 in singula pinnula.
Polypodium lineare Tuuns. var, ? Hab. in monte Morrison, leg. G. NakaHara, anno 1905. My Morrison specimen and Japanese Specimen agree quite well in general aspect, but in the form of the scale and abortive sporangium, they do not agree. In the Japanese species, the abortive sporangium is almost round, while in the Morrison it is rhombic ; both being peltate in the center. Moreover, the scale on the rhizome is lanceolate in the Japanese
specimen, but in the Morrison specimen,
L it is cordate at the base and cuspidate at th the apex. Further, the ceils which-con- hi stitute the scale are quite different. In the 川 Japanese specimen, the cells of the scale Al IN are very much thickened and colored from ill IN the center up to the ape But in ay グ / sf た SAS specimen, it is only the apical portion UN AL that the cells are colored and thickened. AA Although the two bear much resemblance SARA の の 0202 の in genera t, they differ in the scal SHI in general aspect, they differ in the scale 2 ha 2G > 5 と My OES and abortive sporangium which play so
an important part in systematizing this
pe 2b000 family, that it is too valuable to be
een oe thrown away. So far as the above men-
tioned points are concerned, the Morrison
plant should be regarded as a variety of the Japanese species or even a different species.
Morrison Specimen.
14 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXT, No. 240,
Polystichum niitakayamense Hayara. sp. nov. Stipites 10-12 cm. longi fusco-pallidi paleacei inferne teretes superne leviter canaliculati. Frondes 25-30 cm. longe 2 cm. late erect circumscriptione lineares, pinnate, pinnis 7-8 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis, approximatis horizontaliter patentibus, -oblongis vel oblongo-quadrangularibus, angulo inferiore afhxis, basi superiore transverse truncatis auriculatis, basi superiore et apice aristatis, margine obscure crenulatis. Indusium 0. Sporan- gium fusce, longe pedicellate. Spore oblonge, tuberculate.
Hab. in Monte Morrison, Ganzan, ad 9141 ped. alt., leg. S. NaGasawa, anno 1905, (No. 698).
Plagiogyria Matsumureana Makino, in Tokyo Bot., Mag. VIII. p. 335;
Lomaria Matsumureana MAxrso, in Tokyo Bot. Mag. VIII. U0.
Hab. Rakurakusha, leg. G. Nakanara, anno 1905, (No. 458).
Asplenium Trichomanes LrNN.: Hoox. Sp. Fil. II. p. 136 et Brit. Fern. t. 29; Mert. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. II. p. 234; Mig. Prol. p, 337; Hoox.:et BAKER, Syn. Fille 196 : Curist, Farn. Erd. p. 192; BEpp. Fern. South Ind. p. 49, t. 147.
Asplenium anceps Sou. ; Hoox. et GREv. Ic. t. 195.
Hab. in Monte Morrison, leg. G. Nakanwara, anno 1905.
My specimen agrees with the description and figure in BEpp. t. 147, but not so with Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 195, nor does it agree with A. Trichomanes Swarvtz. described in Mert. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lipsi p. 72. My plant’ 1s rather a dwarf form on the whole. For the sake of the further study, I may add here its description, basing it upon the Morrison specimen.
Stipites, caespitosi breves, purpuraceo-fusci, nitidi trian- gulares, angulis superioribus acutis subulatis, angulo inferior rotundo. Frondes 10-15 cm. longa, 7-8 mm. late, lineares, basi apiceque attenuate, pinnate, pinnis 5 mm. longis 3 mm.
ye a HAYATA—ENUM. PL. FORMOSANARUM. 15
latis fere oppositis approximatis horizontaliter patentibus, oblongis rigidiusculis, glabris, subtus minute scaberiusculis, obscure crenulatis, basi transversim truncatis et subpetiolatis sursum auriculatis, apice leviter emarginatis, pinnis inferiori- bus latioribus 3 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis, reniformibus basi auriculatis.
Coniogramme fraxinea (Don.) Diets, in Nat. Pfl.—fam. I.-4, p. 262; CopgrANp, Polyp. Philipp. p. 66.
Gymnogramme javanica BLUME, FI. Jav. II. p. 95, t. 41; Hoox. et BAKER, Syn. Fil. p. 381; Mig. Prol. p. 335. FRANcH. et SavaT. Enum. Pl. Jap. Il. p. 248; Henry, List Pl. Formos. p. 21.
Hab. Sanchokei, leg. S. Nacasawa, anno 1905, (No. 721).
(To be continued.)
Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from Vol. XX. p. 97.)
By
~
T. Makino. Assistant in the Botanical Institute, Science College, Imperial University of Tokyo.
Arundinaria Owatarli Makino sp. nov.
Branches slender, numerously ramulose ; nodes not promi- nent ; internodes terete, fistulose, smooth, thickly walled ; sheaths glabrous. Ultimate ramules gracile, with white waxy bloom under nodes. Leaves 6-13cm. long, #ー1 き cm. broad, 1-3 to an ultimate ramule and placed at the top of it, approximate, angustato-lanceolate, strongly acuminate, acute and very shortly petiolate at the base, spinuloso-ciliated on margins, glabrous on both surfaces, green above, glaucous beneath, thinly chartaceous ; midrib slender, prominent beneath; mains veins 2—4 on each side : veinlets tessellate; petiole 1-2 mm. long, very minutely puberulous on the inner side ; ligule short, truncate, puberulous dorsally ; sheaths shorter than leaves, narrowly terete, slightly striate, ciliated, often purpurascent above, those in the lower portion of ramules provided with only a minute linear-subulate microphyll, the lower ones usually shorter than the internodes. Flower unknown.
Nom. Jap. Yakushima-dake (nov.).
Hab. Prov. Osumr: Isl. Yakushima (C. Owatari! herb. Sc. Coll. Imp. Univ. Tokyo).
In our single specimen the culm is lacking. Probably a small and handsome bamboo. It seems to me to be allied to
Arundinaria Japonica Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese Ya-dake), but 1s much smaller in every aspect.
Aster Kodzumanus Makino sp. nov.
a
=
aha ce MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 17
Perennial, attaining about 9 decim. in height. Rhizome shortly repent and then ascending, many-rooting. Stem erect, slender, terete, green and more or less striate often with pur- pulish lines, branched, leafy but its lower portion naked from fallen leaves, glabrous but branches and peduncles thinly sub- scabro-puberulent. Leaves, sessile, more or less dense, erect- patent, lanceolate, acuminate with an apiculate tip, acutely attenuated at the base, coarsely few-serrate above the middle with apiculato-acute teeth, scabrous and green above, glabrous or subscabrous and somewhat paler beneath, scabrous-margined, triplinerved, the inferior ones attaining about 9 cm. long, 13 cm. wide, the superior ones gradually decreasing in size, firmly chartaceous when dry; midrib prominent beneath. Heads numerous or several or few, corymbosely disposed, 3—43cem. in diameter ; peduncles erect, gracile, 2-15cm. in length, disposed through with small sessile oblong-lanceolate bract-like several leaves with an apiculato-acutish tip and obscurely few-mucronate- serrate margins, and a few same leaves closely placed at the base of the involucre. Involucre hemispherical, about 1icm. across ; scales about 5-serial, imbricated, glabrous, very narrowly and very thinly scarious on margins and shortly subfimbriate towards the apex, usually 1—nerved, rounded at the apex; the outer oblong and thicker; the middle spathulately narrow- oblong; the inner spathulately lato-linear or tinear-oblong, membranaceous, light green and shade with purple above, about 10mm. in length; both the outer and middle green and broadly margined with purple. Receptacle hardly convex, naked, foveo- late. Ray-flowers many, patent ; ligule linear-ligulate, hardly enlarged above, acutish and minutely 3—denticulate at the apex, 5-6-nerved, lilac-purple ; tube about 3mm. in length, adpressed- puberulent. Disk-flowers numerous ; corolla about 6mm. long, yellow, but at length turned into purplish above and greenish below; tube a little shorter than those of the ray-flower, adpressed-puberulent as is the lower portion of the limb; limb campanulate, slightly longer than the tube; lobes 5, ovate or _ subdeltoid-ovate, acuminato-acute, revolute. Pappus numerous, filiform, spinuloso-hispidulons, pale-drab ; those in the ray-flower
18 BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol, XXT. No. 240,
somewhat exceeding the double length of the tube ; those in the disk-flower slightly longer than the corolla. Anthers some- what exserted, obtuse and inappendiculate at the base ; connec- tive-tip subulato-ovate ; filament glabrous, filiform, as long as the anther. Style erect, glabrous ; it in the ray-flower twice as long as the corolla tube ; arms linear, obtuse, glabrous on margins ; it in the disk-flower exserted ; arms lanceolate, acute, minutely ciliated half above. Ovary obovoid-oblong or narrow- ly so, adpressed-piloso-puberulous ; annulus minute and short. Achene (immature) about 2mm. long, obovoid, compressed, pilose-puberulous with white and adpressed hairs.
Nom. Jap. Higo-shion (nov.).
Hab. Prov. Hico (H. Kodzuma! Sept. 30, 1906).
This species comes nearer to a variety of Aster trinervius Roxb., but the stem is taller, head larger, and involucral-scale broader. !
Streptolirion cordifolium (Griff.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PE ps1 22:
Tradescantia cordifolia Griff. ‘ Priv. Journ. p. 208.’
Streptolirion Grifithiu Kurz. |
Streptolirion volubile Edgew. in ‘ Proc. Linn. Soc. I. (1845) p. 254,’ et in Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. p. 90, tab. 2 (1845); Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 32, tab. 2081 ; Walp. Ann. I. p. 885, et VI. p. 163; Clarke, Comm. et Cyrt. Beng. p. 59, tabs 40."ee Commelin. in DC. Monegr. Phanerog. III. p. 261; Franch. Pl. David. I. p. 311; Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. VI. p. 3895 aSehom in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pfl.-Fam. II. 4, p. 67; N. EB. Bram Journ. way Soc. XXXVI. p. 159 ; Diels in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. p. 237, et XXXVI, Beiblatt, p. 12.
Nom. Jap. Aor-kadzura (nov.).
Hab. Prov. Brrent (Z. Yoshino! Oct. 14, 1906).
Distrib. India (Himalaya, Khasia), Burma, and China.
New to the Flora of Japan.
(To be continued.)
JAPANESE BOTANICAL LITERATURE.
Under this heading: we intend to publish, from time to time, the reviews of the current botanical literature written by Japanese, published in Japan,-or based upon Japanese material. The reviews may be written in English, German or French. |
Yamanouchi, Shigeo, The life history of Fol ysiphonia uioiacea. (Bot. Gaz. Vol. 41, p. 425-433, 1906. )
This is the preliminary report of the author’s cytological studies on Polysiphonia violacea. The material was fixed chiefly in Flemming’s weaker solution or in weak chrom-acetic acid solution. The principal points of the results obtained are as follows : mee i 3 3
1. The germinating carpospore contains 40 chromosomes, and the tetrasporic plant the same number; so it may he in- ferred that the tetrasporic plants comes from carpospores.
2. The germinating tetraspore contains 20 chromosomes, and the sexual plants (gametophytes) the same number ; so it may be inferred that the sexual plants come from tetraspores.
3. The nuclei of the gametes (sperm and carpogonium) contain each 20 chromosomes. The fusion nucleus (sporophytic) in the fertilized carpogonium presents 40 chromosomes, and gives rise to a series of nuclei. Some of these enter the carpos- pores, which are consequently a part of the sporophytic phase to be continued in the tetrasporic plant. The gametophytic nuclei in the central cell of the cystocarp (with 20 chromosomes) either break down or form the paranematal filaments.
4. Tetraspore formation terminates the sporophytic phase with typical reduction phenomena, so that the tetraspores are prepared to develop the gametophytic generation.
5. There is thus an alternation of sexual plants (gameto- phytes) with tetrasporic plants (sporophytes) in the life history of Polysiphonia, and the Bo Ocare forms a part of the sporo- phytic phase.
The question of the alternation of generation in the Rhodo-
phycese is not yet settled. In the light of recent studies of _Wrrrraws on Dictyota the author’s results may be welcomed as the general phenomena of the group. Yet the fact that in
_—_— =~" ~.
で FE
20 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Yol. ぶ さ 1、 No, 240.
certain Rhodophycee both carpospore and tetrespore are borne in one and the same individual is not easy to explain from the author’s standpoint. We shall wait with great interest the appearance of the full paper. K. MiyaKe.
Stopes, M. C., and Fujii, K. The nutritive relations of the surrounding tissues to the archegonia in Gym- nosperms. (Beih. z. Bot. Centralbl. Bd. 20, Ab 1-24, with 1 pl. 1906).
Materials used for the studies are twenty species of Cycads representing seven genera, Ginkgo biloba and four species of Pinus. ‘The authors found that the wall between the egg cell and jacket cells are pitted and each pit is closed by a mem- brane which is itself somewhat irregularly thickened and per- forated in a way comparable to a sieve plate. The final pits are also closed by a membrane and perforated only by fine protoplasmic threads (Plasmodesmen). Thus any large open communication as observed by IkENO, SMITH, CHAMBERLAIN and others is positively denied. The delicate walls of the endosperm cells were also found to be pitted in the same way.
In no case have any wandering nuclei of the jacket or endo- sperm cells been observed, and even after the development of the embryo has already begun, the jacket cell nuclei retain their integrity. It is proved that the so-called ‘‘ Hofmeisters Korper- chen”’ are not nuclei or of nuclear origin, and the authors suggest that they may be nutritive or digestive vacuoles com- parable in origin and function to the digestive vacuoles of lower organisms, which are formed as required round the tem- porarily deposited food in the egg cytoplasm.
The jacket cells are regarded as glandular, secreting sub- stances for the digestion of the starch and protein granules stored in the endosperm. The well developed jacket cells of the Gymnospermic prothallium are compared morphologically to the Angiospermic antipodals, and attention is drawn to the similar function performed by them and the active antipodals of some Angiosperms. K. Miyake.
aes si |
_ CONTENTS,
an ‘Hayata -—On Taiwania, “and its affinity to other genera. . ド peia 2 : eh ‘Makino :—Observations on the Flora of Japan ( Continued 。 な om Vol. XXI. p. 18). ee PC A ae jareme Boranicat Echos ee ce
\RTICLES IN JAPANESE :— 6 見 Tabata : 一 On the. お and Seedlings of Rhus の の L.
| | CURRENT LITERATURE 一 : or
Nils Svedelius, Ueber die algen . vegetation eines ceylonischen Kor- ( _allenriffes mit besonderer Riicksicht auf ihre Periodizitat—— - Max, Keemicke, Zentrosomen bei Angiospermen ?ーー-S. Tkeno AS aes
a0 89 nach der nee der Blepharoplasten. penne: ice ey
| Miscercannous :— ーー 3 | “On the ‘Preservation of the _ Famous Trees. 一 一 PersonalS, Re- pone etc. 3 na
“Procusvises OF THE ee a BOTANICAL Socrsry.
『
pace
en ‘ Notice : < ‘The Botanical Magazine is published monthly. annals price per annum — 。 (2%e/ postage) for Europe 10 francs (=8 shillings), and for America 2 dollars. All - letters and communications to be addressed to the FOKYO BOTANICAL SOCIETY, ~ Botanical Institute, Botanie Garden, Imperial University, Tokyo, J apan. Remit- tances from foreign countries to be made by postal money orders, payable in Tokyo to SA Ss. Yoshizo6, Botanic Garden, I oe University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata.
On Taiwania and its affinity to other genera. By B. Hayata.
Assistant in the Botanical Institute, Science College, Imperial University, Tokyo.
(With Plate I.)
In the Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 1906, I wrote an account of a new genus, Taiwania,” of Coniferee from the Island of Formosa. At that time, I had but a few dry branches with cones, which was, as I have ascertained after- wards, occasionally picked up under a large trunk of this interesting Conifer. I was not, therefore, able to give any account about its histological character, even as much as is requisite in order to systematize the genus. Nor could I supply any notes about its general appearance. It has long been my desire to secure some alcoholic material for its histological study, and, if possible, to get a photograph of the whole plant, to complete my former description. The habitat of this Conifer is by no means easily accessible, owing to the high elevation and to a deep valley where one can only recognize the tree from the ridge above by its peculiar branching and the colour of its trunk. Fortunately, however, through the kindness of Mr. N. Konrsgr, I was able to secure what I have been longing after. |
In this paper I have endeavoured to make some remarks on the histology of the leaf, and the description of the whole plant, in addition to my former paper. I will also try to say a few words on the affinity of this genus and. other genera.
1) B. Hayata:—On Taiwania, 1a New Genus of Conifers from the Island of Formosa, in- Journ. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXXII. pp. 330-332, Pl. 16, and M. T. MAsrERs: 一 On Chinese Conifers, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXXIT. p. 424.
99 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXT, No, 241.
Before I go further, I had better pause a little while to: consider once more about this interesting genus in order to get a clear conception of it. As repetition may be considered allowable here, I trust I may be excused if I quote the follow- ing description from my former paper.
Taiwania” HAvATA.
Flores monoici? @............ 2. Strobilus subglobosus, bracteis minutissimis; squamz multiseriate laxiuscule spiraliter imbri- cate parum indurate apice squarroso-patentes persistentes obovate apice leviter mucronate basi cuneate. Semina ad medium squamarum fertilium 2 reversa oblonga, testa coriacea duriuscula, ala angusta cincta : embryo 2—cotyledoneus.—Arbor sempervirens dense foliata, ramis patentibus. Folia squame- formia spiraliter conferta adnato-decurrentia, in ramis vegetis anguste lineari-faleata incurvo-erecta 4—gona, angulo dorsal prominente. Strobilus terminalis.
Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayara. Arbor. Folia poly- morpha, rami adulti squamzformia triangularia breviter acuta carinata 5mm. longa, 3mm. lata per totam fere faciem ramo adnata; ramuli superioris faleato-incurva decurrentia 6 mm. longa, 3mm. lata; rami vegeti aceroso-linearia latere compressa superne et subtus carinata, rhombeo-tetragona in_ sectione, 15mm. longa. Strobilus subglobosus, 10-13 mm. longus, squamis numerosis 15, parum induratis margine tenuibus, apice mucronatis obcordatis vel obconicis 8mm. longis, 5mm. latis, basi additis bracteis minutissimis, squamis inferioribus vacuis minoribus. Semina oblonga cum alis 6mm. in longi- tudine, alis utrinque sinuatis; albumen carnosum; embryo oblongus, 2mm. longus; cotyledones 2, plane. ! |
Hab. Ushoko, Shorinzan, Rinkiho, ad pedem montis Mor- rison ad 6000 ped. alt., leg. N. KoNrsgr (Feb. anno 1904); Kagi: Arisan, leg. N. Koxrisrrr (Oct. anno 1906.); et ad 7500.
り T called >this genus Yaiwanites provisionally, which name is, however, suppress-
ed in favour of the permanent name Jaiwania.——Sce Gard. Chronic. 3 series, No. 3403 (1906) p. 150.
Fre. i907]. 4 HAYATA—ON TAIWANIA AND ITS AFFINITY. 23
ped. alt., leg. T. Kawakami et U. Mort, (Oct. anno 1906); Taito: Taironkosha, ad 8000 ped. alt., leg. U. Mort, (Nov. anno 1906).
A few lines here should be devoted to the description of the locality and of the whole tree. The accompanying photo-
graph will give some fair idea of the habit ot this plant. 、 As was reported by Mr. N. Konisut, the plant grows in the jungle
24 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. . (Vol. XXI. No. 241.
on a high elevation with other Conifers, such as Picea, Abies and Chamecyparis. The climate there, it is said, is pretty cool all the year through. In a deep valley, each standing solitary here and there, these trees attain a considerable height of more than fifty metres, and a diameter of about two metres; showing their bare trunks from far off, stretching their clustered foliage towards the apex of the branches. The stem is quite branchless from the base up to the middle to the height of about twenty metres. Together with its branches, it describes an outline of a conical or rather a cylindrical form. Its habit bears much resemblance to Cryptomeria, but has more clustered branchlets and foliage towards the end of the branches. It grows in rather wet places, as is the case with Cryptomeria. The foliage too is very much like that of Cryptomeria, but a little shorter in Taiwania.
Thus far the two closely resemble each other in the sterile branches. I had myself, perhaps like everybody on the spot, long made the error of thinking that Cryptomeria was found in Formosa, until I first examined the cone of the plant. On glancing over that singular cone, I was at once surprised to find that the new plant must no longer be regarded as belong- ing to Cryptomeria, nor does it seem to be assignable to any known genus. Studying the plant more carefully, I ascertained that the plant should fall into the family of Taxodiinee.” Further on I proceeded to find out to what genus it comes nearest, and, if possible, to establish clearly its relation to other forms. It has but one kind of shoots, and, therefore, this no longer comes to Scidopitys. The seed is reversed, by which this differs from Cryptomeria, Taxodium und Glypto- strobus. As far as my knowledge extends, the plant comes nearest to Cunninghamia in the structure of its cones, as seen in the arrangement of the seminiferous scales, in the presence of the minute bract,” in the attachment and position of the
1) ENot. und PRANTL: 一 Nat. Pfl.-fam. If.-1, p. 84.
*) Cunninghamia is described as “ Bractez distinctie null” or “ Bractee nulle” in Sizes. et Zucc, Fl. Jap. IL. pp. 6 et 8” and in ‘“G. GoRpoN, The Pinetum, p. 76,” as “without bracts.” But I convinced myself that there is often, if not always, a minute bract at the base cf each scale.
人
. ae eye
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Fes. 1907.] HAYATA—ON TAIWANIA AND ITS AFFINITY. 25
ovules, and the shape of the seed, wing, albumen and embryo. But it differs from that genus in the absence of the secondary squama and in the number of the ovules (two in each scale). These two points and the even more strikingly different habit of the plant do not allow me to place it in Cunninghamia. On this occasion, I thought whether I had not better regard the plant as representing a new genus, Taiwania.” This was a difficult question for me to decide myself. I therefore sent this specimen to Dr. M. T. Masrers of the Linnean Society, together with its description and figure, and asked him if I might not be justified in making a new genus for this new plant. In reply to my inquiry, that gentleman assured me that he agreed with me on the matter. He also pointed out that the foliage of this plant reminds one of that of Crypto- meria but still more of Arthrotaxis, and the cone is very like that of Tsuga. On his kind suggestion, I proceeded to examine Arthrotaxis with the utmost care, and found that it resembles Taiwamia very closely, but differs from it in the form of the cone, and still more in the general aspect. ! Arthrotaxis is Cupressus-like in its general form, as far as I can learn from plates,” while Taiwania is not Cupressus-like, but Cryptomeria-hke. I am sorry that I have not ever seen any specimen of Arthrotaxis; but I do not think that my conception of Arthrotaxis acquired from plates can be widely different from that obtained through studying specimen plants. As has been stated above, Cunninghamia, Arthrotaxis, Cryptomeria and Taiwania resemble in this point or that. The question we are going to solve, is, which two of the preceding three genera should Taiwania be inserted in? Sum- marizing all the above accounts, we see that Taiwania comes nearest to Cunninghamia in the form of its cones, while on one side it resembles Arthrotaxis in its foliage, and on the other it shows a close kinship to Cryptomeria in its habit.
1) My paper on this new genus was read before the Linnean Society, 5th, April, 1906.
2) Hooker:—Icones Plantarum, t. 559, and ENer. et PRANTL.:—Nat. Pfl-fam. II,-], p. 89, Fig, 59.
eA THE BOTA NICAL MA GAZINE. [Vol. Oat No. 241.
It should be granted that most stress should be put upon the form of the cone, in systematizing Conifers. Taiwania, there- fore, should be assigned the next place to Cunninghamia. As Arthrotaxis bears some resemblance to Taiwania in the form of its cones and leaves, it should be put next to Taiwanzia. After considering all these cases, I was, at last, forced to the conclusion that Taiwania should be placed between Cunninghamia and Arthrotaxis.
So much as to the external relation of Taiwania to other genera. Lastly, a few lines should be given to the consideration of the histology of this genus. I do not think, however, that I should dwell upon its particular anatomy, nor will I enter upon the phylogenical study of the organs. On this occasion, I must be content to examine whether or not the above conclusion will hold good about its histological relation.
I will here take the leaf for my study. As shown in Plate I, Fig. 14, the leaf of Taiwania is rhomboidal in its out- line with two acute edges on both sides, and round surfaces above and below. The epidermis (ep), as seen in many Conifers, has a well-thickened wall, and under it the hypodermis (hy) is equally well developed lying in a single layer. But in some portion of the surface (st) where a great number of stomata are scattered, the hypodermal layers are generally omitted. Internally, the chlorophyll-parenchyma is equally arranged all round the surface; but it becomes looser towards the centre. The vascular bundle and resin canal are generally seen in the centre. In both sides of the medial bundle, there are clearly seen transfusion tissues, that peculiarity of Conifer leaves. The tissue consists of tracheids with bordered pits and beams.
I shall try to compare these histological points with those of Cunninghamia. In the leaves of Cunninghamia, the hypo- dermis is most developed and sometimes sclerenchymatous fibres are seen scattered withen the parenchyma, which is entirely absent in Tatwania. Now come to Cryptomeria, and we see the hypodermis is the least developed. In this respect, Taiwania
り De BARY: 一 Comparative Anatomy of the Phanerogams and Ferns p. 381.
す +
Fes, 1907.) AYATA—ON TAIWANIA AND ITS AFFINITY. り 7 lies between the other two. Further, the transfusion tissue is ‘most developed in Cunninghamia, but it is the least in Cryp- tomeria. Referring to this tissue too, we see that Taiwania is the intermediate of the other two.
What about Arthrotaxis then? I can only repeat my regret that { have not any specimen of Arthrotaxis for anatomy, and, therefore, cannot experimentally examine its histological character. But we have seen that the external relation of the three genera of Cunninghamia, Taitwania and Cryptomeria, is proved to be true in their internal. In like manner, we may very reasonably infer that what has been stated about the three genera Cunninghamia, Taiwania and Arthrotaxis in their external form will hold good in their histology. We have no room to doubt that Arthrotaxis must come nearer to Taiwania in its histology than Cryptomoria comes, just as it does in its external structure.
Upon considering all the above cases, I was led to the conclusion that Taiwania must be placed between Cunninghamia and Arthrotaxis.
In conclusion, I must express my hearty thanks to Prof. J. Matsumura under whose supervision this work has been earried out. Thanks are also due to Prof. K. Fuym and Mr. T. Makino, for their valuable advice. Nor should I forget to tender my cordial gratitude to Dr. M. T. Masters of the Linnean Society who has kindly aided my investigations by many helpful suggestions. Lastly, I feel bound to express my sincere thanks to Messrs. T. Tawaxkamr and N. KoNrsgr who have generously put their valuable materials at my disposal.
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, — [Yol. XXI. No, 247.
Explanation of Plate I.
1. Fragment of a branch, natural size. 2. Fragment of a young branch, natural size. 3. Leaves from a fertile branch. 4. Leaf from a young sterile branch. 5. Scales of the cone with minute bracts at the base. 6. Scale seen from withen, showing two winged seeds. 7. Scale showing two winged seeds, one partially hidden behind the other. 8. Seale from the inner side, seeds taken off, showing the traces where the seeds were attached. 9. Scale of a young cone with two abortive ovules. 10. Ovule showing its reversed position. 11... Seems 12. Albumen. 3. Embryo. 14. Transverse section of a leaf, (of a adult branch). 15. A portion of the upper surface. 16. A central portion with the median bandle. 17. Tracheid with bordered pits of the transfusion tissue. 18. A portion of the under surface. ep =epidermis; hy=hypodermis; ch=chlorophyll-parenchyma; \xy=xylem; tr=transfusion tissue; ph=phloem; res=resin ee
(Figs. 3-18 enlarged).
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hi ty BRM BBE + Bot. Mag., Tokyo, vol, XXI.
oes — bal 〆 if U [| ah, {
a 7 a= a ae ここ ーー
MP., 2-13, T, MAKINO DEL.
1, K. OGAWA PHOT ET II Balanophora fungosa Forst. var. Kuroiwai Makino. 9 uF
7 ツウ チ ト
Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 18.)
By
T. Makino.
Assistant in the Botanical Institute, Science College, Imperial University of Tokyo.
(With Plate 2.)
Balanophora fungosa Forst. ‘Char. Gen. (1776) p. 99, aro; Tam. Eneycl: tab. 742; Richard, ‘Elem. d. Bot. (1833) tab. 15’; Spreng. Syst. Veg. III. p. 765; Hook. fil. in Transact. Puma sec. XXII. (1856) p. 46, tab. 8; Bichler in DC. Prodr. XVII. p. 145; Benth. Fl. Austral. VI. p. 232; Engler in Engler eee, Nae. Puram. lil. 1 sp lol, fig. 166 A, H.
Cynomorium fungosum Reuschel ‘ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 1, p. 252’.
Cynomorium Balanophora Willd. Sp. Pl. IV. p. 177; Pers. eye TI p.529.
Cynomorium parasiticum Sw. ‘ex Steud. |. c.’
Cynomorium australe Hook. fil. 1. c. (sphalm.).
Rhizome thick, tuberous, lobulate, minutely verruculose. Scape erect, thick, about 24-4cm. long, enclosed with imbri- cated scales. Heads ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, bisexual, 2—4$cem. long, 13-21cm. across. Male flowers 8-10 mm. across. Perr- anth-lobes usually 4, sometimes 3 or 5, reflexed.
Nom. Jap. Shima-tsuchitorimochi (nov.).
Hab. YayveyaMa Arcurp. (H. Kuroiwa!).
New to the Flora of Japan.
Distrib. Tanna island in New Hebrides, and Tropical Australia. var. Kuroiwai Makino var. nov.
Balanophora Kuroiwai Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, XVI. (1902) p. 212, in nota.
Se
30 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol, XXI, No. 241.
PLatE II.
Moneecious. Rhizome hypogzeous, short, thick, shortly ra- mose into volvas and irregularly lobulate, very minutely granu- lar in surface; not pastulate, about 33—4cm. in diameter in my specimens. Volvas not large, shortly and irregularly few-lobed at mouth; lobes erect, depressed-deltoid. Scape one to each volva, erect, rather elongate, terete, more or- less striate, glabrous, loosely covered with scales throughout, about 3-Scm. long, #-lem. across. ~© Scales rather many, scattered- imbricated (the scape visible superficially among scales), usually incurved-erect-patent, lato-ovate, elliptical, or suborbiculato- ovate, obtuse, entire, smooth, concave within, thickish towards the centre, membranaceous towards the margin, about 2—24cm.
long, 3-2 き cm. broad. Peduncle short, thick; bracteal scales placed under the head, numerous, unequal in size, very short, minute, usually lunate or deltoid, frequently connate. Heads
erect, globose or ovoid, about 13-18mm. in diameter, bisexual. Male flowers annulately loose-disposed in width of 5-7mm. in 2—3-rings at the base of the head, 4—54.mm, across, pedicellate; pedicel a little longer than the perianth, thickish, terete, straight, 23-33mm. long. Perianth-lobes 3-6, patent or slightly reflexed, subequal, elliptical to oblong, obtuse or acutish, thickish, con- cave and longitudinally 1—2-elevato-lineate within, 2—3mm. long, 1-2mm. wide. Stamens united into one, shorter than the perianth, erect, short, about 13-12mm. long; column thick, often somewhat angulate; anthers 3-5, capitate, depressed- globose; auther-cells doubly and parallelly hippocrepiform. Female flowers exceedingly numerous, densely packed, minute, disposed in the circumference and at the lower portion of spa- diceous bodies ; ovary shortly stipitate, ellipsoid or subglobose; style filiform, long, about 2—4—times as long as the ovary, often somewhat exceeding the spadiceous body. Flavescent-carneous.
Nom. Jap. Ryakya-tsuchitorimochi (nov.).
Hab. YayryamMa Arcuip. (H. Kuroiwa!).
This differs from the type by having the globose head, smaller male-flowers, elongate scape, loosely imbricated scales, and more minutely granulated rhizome.
Fer. 1907.] MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 31
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. II.—Fig. 1, Plant (from a photograph taken from an alcoholic specimen). Figg. 2-5, male flowers. Fig. 6, Stamens connate into a column, anthers hefore dehiscence. Rig. 7, Vertical view of apex of the column. Fig. 8, A part of the apex of the column with anthers, cross section. Fig. 9, Stamens connate into a column, with open anthers. Fig. 10, Pollen (from an alcoholic specimen). Fig. 11, Female flowers with a spadiceous body. Fig. 12, Female flowers. Fig. 13, Apical portion of the style. 1 Nearly natural size; 2-13 magnified.
Shortia soldanelloides (Sieb. et Zucc.).
a genuina Makino.
forma a typica Makino.
Schizocodon soldanelloides Sieb. et Zuce. in Abhandl. Akad. Mimene blip. ¢25, tab. 2, fig. 1; Mig: Prof. Fl. Jap. p. 258 : Memmi Mebabiol, VI op. 273, et VIL. p. 20; Franch. et Sav. baum, El jap. 1. p. 298 ; Gard. Chron. 3rd. Ser. XIII. (1893) ap: 410, fig. 59; Bot. Mag. tab. 7316; Drude in Engl. et Prantl, Nate Pa-vam IV. 1, p. 83, fig. 50.
Schizocodon soldanelloides ヶ . genuinus Makino in Bot. Mag., Molen, il. (13898) p. 229, et XV. (1901) p. 149.
Soldanella crenata Siebold herb. ex Mia. 1. c.
Soldanella sinuata Siebold herb. ex Miq. |. c.
Nom. Jap. fwa-kagam1.
Hab. Japan.
forma b alpina (Maxim.) Makino.
Schizocodon soldanelloides forma alpina Maxim. in Mél. Ero Vill. p. 205 Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, XII p. 229, eb ey. p. 149.
Nom. Jap. Ko-1wakagami.
This often passes to the typical form.
8 ilicifolia (Maxim.) Makino.
Schizocodon ilicifoliuas Maxim. in Meél. Biol. VI. p. 273, et Wii 21.) Francheece oav. Euum. Pl) jap. ま 9. 298; Drude ig nel. et Prantl, Nat. Pil.-Fam. IV. 1, p. 8s.
Schizocodon soldanelloides 2. ilicifolius Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, XV. (1901) p. 150.
Nom. Jap. Hime-iwakagam.
この トウ
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol, XXT. No, 241,
The amalgamation of the genus Schizocodon to Shortia, as has been done by O. Kuntze, is, in my opinion, much advisable.
Bergia (Bergiotypus) ammannioides Roxb. ‘Hort Bengal. p. 34,’ et Fl. Ind. TI. p. 457; Roth; “Nov. Pl. Sp. ID 219 3a Prodr. I. p. 390; Spreng. Syst. Veg. II. p. 423; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. III. p. 93, Suppl. tab. 28; Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. tab: 25 a; Walp. Repert. Bot. Syst. I. p. 285; Benth. Fl) Austeae I. p. 180; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. I. p. 152; Dyer in Hooks fina Brit. Ind. I. p. 251; Hance in Journ. Bot. (1878) 全店 Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXII. p. 72; Kuntze, Rev. Gen, ii: ss.
Elatine ammannioides Wight et Arn. Prodr. I. (1834) p. 41; Mig. Fl. Ind. Batav. I. 2, p. 119; F. Muell. Fragm. -Phyt. Austral. II. p. 147.
Sagina ammannioides Heyne ‘ex Wall. Cat. n. 7504.’
Bergia pentandra Cambess. ‘ex Guill. et Perr. Tent. Fl. Senegamb. p. 42, tab. 12.’
Leaves 13-4cm. long, 5-17mm. broad, oblong-oblanceolate, cuneately attenuated below into a short petiole.
Nom. Jap. Shimabara-so (nov.).
Prov. Hizen (M. Yamasaki! Aug. 10, 1906).
New to the Flora of Japan. Japanese one is larger than the type.
Veronica cana Wall. var. Takedana Makino var. nov.
Czespitose, attaining about 14cm. in height, with ascending or erect few or many stems. Leaves elliptical-ovate to oblong- ovate. Racemes short, 1—few-flowered : flower whitish, or with purple streaks. Calyx-lobes shorter than the capsule, spathulato-oblong or oblanceolate, ciliated.
Nom. Jap. Ko-kuwagata (nov.).
Hab, Japan.
This is found in the mountains in the southern parts of Japan.
var, decumbens Makino var. nov.
Fen. 1907.] MAKINO.—OBSERY. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 33
Stems decumbent, radicant below. Leaves shorter, broadly ovate, more densely pubescent, 8-23 mm. long, 6-15 mm. wide. Racemes longer than the leaves, laxly few—several-flowered.
Nom. Jap. Yama-kuwagata, Koba-no-kuwagata.
Hab. Prov. SErNANO: Mt. Ontake (R. Yatabe! herb. Sc. Coll. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, July 28, 1880).
Spies nipponica Miq. Prol. Fi. aeD 39; Brauch. et pane Eatum. Pl fap. fp. 371.
Flowers usually yellow, but rarely rosy-purpurascent.
Nom. Jap. 4 た 7g777.
Icon, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 2, I. fol. 27 recto, n. 26.
forma argutidens Makino.
Leaves sharply toothed. Otherwise as in the type.
Nom. Jap. Kotodzi-so (named after the sharply dentated leaves).
icon, oomoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 2, 1. fol, 28 recto, n. 27.
This form is occasionally found, and is characterized by the sharp-toothed leaves.
var. 2 glabrescens Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jape! ee. ari, et II. p: 463.
Salvia nipponica Yatabe, Iconogr. Fl. Jap. I. 1 (1891) p. 43, tap. £5, non Mig.
Nom. Jap. Miyama-akigiri (nov.).
Hab. Middle Japan; mountains.
The plant which was described and figured under the name of Salvia nipponica by R. Yatabe as cited above, is not Miquel’s plant, but Franchet’s var. glabrescens. This form is rather rare in Japan, while the typical one is commonly found.
Eriophorum alpinum Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 53; Wahlenb. EE Lapp. p. 16; Willd. Sp. Pl. Ip. 314; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2 ip. 134; Vahl; Enum. Pl. Il. p. 388; Spreng. Syst. Veg. I. p. 214; Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. p. 79; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. II. p. 230; Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. et Helv. ed. 3, p. 646; Kunth, rpm el Il. p, eaGy Reem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. II. p- 156;
34 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Yo1. XXI. No. 241,
Nyman, Syl. Fl. Europ. p. 393; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. IV. p. 252; B. Syme, Engl. Bot. X. p. 70, tab. 1603; Fr. Schm. Reis. 1m Amur. u. Ins. Sachal. p. 66; Steud. Syn. Glum. II. p. 128; A. Gray Man. Bot. ed. 5, p. 565; Lindl. Syn. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, 7 282; Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 5, p. 485; Hook. fil. Stud: Fl. Brit. Isl.e d. 2, p. 428, et ed. 3, p. 445; Clarke ir Bik Acad. Intern. Geogr. Bot. (1904) p. 203; Matsum. Ind. Pl. Jap. Eye Be oie bog
Trichophorum alpinum Pers. Syn. Pl. I. p. 70.
Eriophorum hudsonianum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. I. p. 34. Trichophorum hudsonianum Nutt. Gen. N. Am. Pl. I. p. 36. Trichophorum hudsonicum Steud. ‘Nom. ed. 2, TI. p. 702.’ Trichophorum alpinum 7. hudsonianum Pers. 1. c.
Nom. Jap. Hime-watasuge (nov.).
Prov. ISHrKARr: Tsushikari (G. Koidzumi! July 1908).
Viola Miyabei Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, XVI. (1902) p. 124.=Viola hirtipes S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVII. (1880) p. 379, tab. 16, fig. 6; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. soc, X XHiip. 53; PalisNConspz Fi. kor. 1, p. 33:
Distrib. Manshuria and Corea.
Viola Matsumura Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, XVI. (1902) p. 134. = Viola Rossii Hemsl. in Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIII. p. 54 (1886); Palib. Consp. Fl. Kor. I. (1898) p. 35; tab.°3, fig? 1. (ide 1. Nakai).
Distrib. Manshuria, China and Corea.
(To be continued.)
—
JAPANESE BOTANICAL LITERATURE.
Aso, K., Injurious action of acetates and formates on plants. (Bulletin of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imp. Wiig Vol, VIE Noes 1; 1906, pb 13-24).
Using the shoots of Sorghum, barley, onion, pea and young branches of Quercus acuta, Photinia glabra, Capsicum longum as well as Spirogyra the author came to the following conclusion:
1. Acetates and formates of alkali metals and calcium act injuriously on Phanerogams in solution of 0,5% and _ over, while they are under the same condition, harmless to Spirogyra. This forms a marked contrast to the action of neutral potas- sium oxalate which at the same concentration is not only a more powerful poison for Phanerogams but also poisonous to Spirogyra.
2. The poisonous action of acetates and formates is prob- ably caused by the hydrolytic dissociation of these salts into acid and base in the living cells, whereby the base is absorbed by proteids and the acid set free injures the living protoplasm.
7 K. Miyake,
Aso, K., On a stimulating action of calcium fluorid on Phenogams. (Bulletin of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imp. Univ. Vol. VII. No. 1. 1906, p. 85-89).
Plants experimented were pea and barley. The former was cultured both in water and in soil, while the latter was only in water culture. In both cultures calcium fluorid was added in small quantities varying from 0.1% to 0.0001 % in water and from 0.006 gr。to 0.2gr. in 1.5kg. soil. In every case a slight increase in height and weight was observed as compared to check culture. The author concludes that calcium fluorid being soluble slightly in water, can act as a stimulus to growth. K. MIyaKE.
—_— =
36 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. val. sca
Hanzawa, Jun, Sclerotinia-diseases of Rosaceous plants in Japan. (Transaction of the Sapporo Natural History Society, Vol. I. Part. 1. 1905-6, p. 97-109). (Japanese with English resume).
Sclerotinia fructigena (PERS.) SCHROT. on apple and pear, Sclerotinia laxa (EHRENB.) ADERH. et RuHL. on plum and apricot, and Sclerotinia cinerea (BON.) SCHROT. on cherry are all found in Japan. Fruits are the portions generally attacked by these fungi. The cases, where the flowering branches are affected, are only known in apple and cherry. The former is more prevalent in northern Japan, often doing great damage. According to the author’s observations, the young leaves on a flowering branch seem to be the portions commonly attacked at first. The discolored portion generally appears along the midrib. The mycelium of the fungus reaches the branch by growing along the vascular bundle and finally fills the cavities of vessels. Thus it hinders the ascent of sap, causing the withering of flowers and leaves. On the discolored spots on the leaves and branches, microconidia or macroconidia may be produced according to circumstances.
Attention is drawn to the probable identity of Monilia Kusanoi P. HENNINGS on the Japanese cherry, Prunus Pseudo- cerasus, with Sclerotia cinerea.
K. MIyAKE.
Kono, G., On two new species of Musinez. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo, Vol. XX. May 1906, p. 79-82). (Japanese).
The following two species of mosses collected at Hiroshima,
Japan and named by BRoTHERUS as new are fully described:
Grimmia Konoi, Broth. Brachythecium Kono, Broth. K. MIYAKE.
OTANICAL MAGAZINE.
_T. Takeuchi :—Ueber das: Verhalten von eee zu Neu-
| RE SS SA ace A KO te L ‘Miyake : 一 Ueber einige Pilz-Krankheiten unserer it 289 K. Shibata and K. Miyake : 一 Some Observations on the Physiology
pee Cyeis.Spermatozoids.-. | 2. eo ee ee 2 gee gas BB: Hayata :—Supplements to the Enumeratio Plantarum ‘Ronmoss ys a Ns a ee creas eee > 8 Ye me
で Mein “Observations on the Flats ab Se Sano ed eee JAPANESE BoTaNICaL DEGRA BORE. |S er eye a ee a te
_ ARTICLES IN JAPANESE :— I Miyake:—On some Fungus Diseases of our useful Plants. SR 9
_CosRRENrT LITERATURE :— a
‘W. Benecke, Untersuchungen tiber dem Botan des Bakterien an “mineral Stoffen.—Osterhaut, On the Importance of Physiologi- cally balanced Solution for Plants.—Svedelius Nils, Ecological
and systematic Studies of the Ceylon Species of Caulerpa. . (64)
、 MrscELLANEOOS :— Northern limitation Oe ee PetCo 2 Se oe a ee ae)
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Ueber das Verhalten von Protoplasma zu Neutralrot.
Von
T. 'Pakeuchi.
Vor einiger Zeit hat J. Lorn” in Californien bei Studien tiber die Entwicklung des Seeigeleies unter Andern beobachtet, dass das lebendige Seeigelei sich leicht mit Neutralrot” farbt und diesen Farbstoff rasch wieder verliert mit dem Tode des Eies. Dieses Verhalten ist eine merkwiirdige Ausnahme; denn mit gewohnlichen Farbstoffen farbt sich das lebendige Protoplasma nicht, sondern nur das todte. Es war mur deshalb sehr interess- ant, das Verhalten einiger Algen und Infusorien zu Neutralrot zu beobachten. Ich versuchte zuerst eine Auflésung von 1 Teil Neutralrot in 1000 Teilen Wasser, welches aus Glass destilliert war auf Spirogyren und beobachtete, dass der Farbstoff zwar rasch aufgenommen wurde, aber die Algen ebenso rasch dadurch getotet wurden ; denn schon nach 30 Minuten konnte durch 10 prozentige Losung von Rohrzucker keine Plasmolyse mehr erzielt werden, obwohl das Cytoplasma noch ganz an seiner urspriinglichen Stelle zu legen schien. Nach Entfernung des meisten Farbstoffes mit Essigsdure konnte man deutlich erken- nen, das der Kern und besonders der Nucleolus intensiv gefarbt waren.
1) Biochem. Zeitschr. 1906, Bd. 2, S. 43. 2) Die Formel des Neutralrots oder Toluylenrots ist:
CH N CH me ey one CH; ; | Vr CHs 2 に = me eg ;
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 243.
Co ー
Bei meinem nachsten Versuche verwendete ich eine 0.1 p. mille und 0.01 p. mille Losung und hier beobachtete ich, dass der Farbstoff sehr langsam in die Zelle aufgenommen wurde und dass nur solche Zellen sich stark farbten welche keine Plas- molyse in Zuckerl6sung mehr gaben. Ferner wurde beobachtet, dass vorher mit Chloroform getotete Zellen den Farbstoff viel rascher aufnahmen als die lebenden Zellen. Ein weiterer Versuch mit Mougeotia verlief ganz gleich; nur war dabei zu bemerken, dass die kleinen KOrnchen in diesen Zellen sehr rasch Farbstoff aufnahmen und zwar so lange die Zellen noch lebten. Bei Infu- sorien wurde beobachtet, dass sie im lebenden Zustand sich nicht farbten, sondern erst nach dem Tode.
Wir sehen also aus diesen Versuchen, dass das Protoplasma in Bezug auf diesen Farbstoff keine Ausnahme macht von der Regel und es miissen daher ganz besondere Umstande beim Seei- gelei sein, welche ein anderes Verhalten des lebenden Protoplas- mas bedingen. Vielleicht sind es gewisse Nebenprodukte, welche bei diesem Ei den Farbstoff aufnehmen so lange das Protoplasma noch lebten.
Agricultur-chemisches Institut
der Universitat, Tokyo.
Ueber einige Pilz-Krankheiten unserer Nutzpflanzen.
Von
Ichiro Miyake, NOogakushi.
II. DrE BRAUNFLECKENKRANKHEIT DER AEPFELBAUME.
Diese Krankheit beobachtete ich zum ersten Male im Decem- ber 1904, im Obstgarten der Agricultur-Abteilung der kaiser- lichen Universitat, in Rokugo bei Tokyo, wo ich an Aep- felbaumen viele braune Flecken auf den Blattern sah; oft waren die Blatter von gelber Farbe und fielen ab. Unter dem Mikro- skope fand ich, dass die Ursache der Krankheit ein Pilz ist, welchen ich vorher niemals gesehen hatte; nach ‘‘ SaccaRpo: Sylloge Fungorum ” nicht bestimmen. Herr Prof. Dr. SgrRAr sandte ihn deshalb an Herrn Prof. Dr. P. HENNINGS, welcher ihn Marssonia Mali P. HENN. nannte.
und anderen Bichern konnte ich ihn gar
Krankheitsmerkmal. Diese Krankheit kann man schon im Fruhling, April oder Mai an ihren Merkmalenerkennen. Zuerst entstehen kleine Flecken auf den jungen Blattern, nach meinen Untersuchungen besonders haufig auf den schwachlichen Blat- tern. Anfangs erscheint der Fleck als ein sehr kleiner 1 mm. grosser brauner Punkt an beiden Seiten des Blattes, aber an der unteren Seite ist die Verfarbung nicht merklich, weil diese Seite mit Haaren versehen ist. Wenn der Fleck sehr klein ist, kann man ihn gar nicht von der unteren Seite sehen. Der Fleck wird nachher allmahlich grosser, endlich erreicht er einen Durch- messer von 3-4 mm. und hat einen unregelmassigen schwarzen Rand (Fig 10). Nach einigen Tagen bildet sich ein kleiner schwarzer vorspringender Punkt, er ist das Conidienlager des Pilzes. Im Juni, in der Regenzeit, wird seine Entwickelung sehr begtinstigt und er verbreitet sich dann Der das ganze Feld, besonders auf jungen Blattern. Wenn im Juli und August hohe Temperatur mit grosser Feuchtigkeit zusammenfallt, so wird
:
40 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.
[ Vol. XXT. No, 245.
seine Vermehrung intensiver und endlich bleibt kein Blatt verschont. 2-3, sogar mehrere Flecken vereinigen sich und bilden einen grossen Fleck (Fig 11). Auf den *Blag tstielen formiert er sch- warze kleine Flecke und
Endlich erscheint das Blatt wie bei der Mosaikkrankheit des Tabaks, und nach kur- zer Zeit stirbt es ganzlich.
’ .
verstoptt die Gefassbiindel.
a ee Se
Mp rE DOE MIYAKE—EINIGE PILZ.KRANKHEITEN. 41
Zu dieser Zeit ist das Blatt gelblich verfarbt und fallt beim berihren leicht zu Boden. Spontan fallt es natirlich ebenfalls leicht ab.
Beschadigung durch die Krankheit. Ich habe seither diese Krankheit an verschiedenen Orten Japan’s gefunden (Prov. Iwashiro im August 1905; Prov. Echigo, Shinano, Kahi, im August 1906.) und so scheint es, dass diese Krankheit in Japan weit verbreitet ist. Da diese Schadlimee nur auf Blattern par- asitieren, so ist es sicher, dass der Pilz nicht so grossen Schaden als der Bacillus amylovorus verursachen kann. Doch ist es zweitellos, dass schon im Beginn der Krankheit die Blatter in ihren Function benachteiligt werden.
Morphologie des pilzes. Wenn man oben _ beschriebene im braunen Flecke befindliche schwarze Piinktchen prapariert, so kann man mikroskpisch ein Sporenlager erkennen (Fig. 12). Die erkrankte Partie ist dinner als die gesunde, so ihr Dicken- verhaltniss beinahe 4: 7 betragt. In der erkrankten Partie verbreitet sich das weisse Mycel nach jeder Richtung, infolge dessen desorganisiert sich das Protoplasma, ferner Chlorophyll- kornchen und verwandtes, und tritt braune Farbung derselben ein. Die Pallisaden und Epidermiszellen der Wirtspflanzen wer- den nicht so sehr deformiert, aber das Schwammparenchym ist ausserordentlich abgeflacht, so dass die Abnahme der Dicke der erkrankten Partie hauptsachlich hievon abhangig ist. Das Sporenlager ist klein, hat durchschnittlich einen Durchmesser von 100-200 u. und der Cuticula, indem es erst von dieser bedeckt ist, diese durchbricht, und die Sporen verbreitet. Die unter dem Sporenlager vorhandene Epidermiszellen werden deutlich abge- flacht. Auf diesen Zellen ist eine schwarzverfarbte schmale Par- tie, welche zuerst ziemlich dick ist. Diese Partie besteht hau- ptsachlich aus Mycel, das hie und da ein Netzwerk darstellt. Von jenem Band aus sendet der Pilz kleine Sporentrager aufvvarts, auf welchen die Sporen gebildet werden. Die zerrissene Cuticla bleibt nur an den Randern. Die Sporen sind 2—zellig, hyalin, und eingeschnurt in der Mitte. Die Membran derselben ist dtinn, weisslich; der Inhalt der Sporen ist granuliert und enthalt viele Fettkornchen. Die Zellform ist asvmmetrisch, die untere Zelle ist
42 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXT, No, 243.
kleiner als die obere, und beim Schneiden durch die lange Achse sind meist beide Halbformen nicht symmetrisch (Fig. 13). Die Conidientragern sind 5-8 x 13-2 ~ gross; die Sporengrésse ist 14—20 x 41-6 yp.
Imptversuche. Der oben beschriebenen Pilz wurde auf gesunde Blatter whertragen. Ich nahm einige Sporen von dem Sporenlager mit sterilem Messer. Awf ein Blatt von einem gesunden Aepfelbaumchen, welche in Komaba kultiviert wurden, setzte ich einen Tropfen sterilisierten Wassers und infizierte diesem mit einigen Sporen, dann bedeckte ich das Blatt. mit einer Glasglocke, zusammen mit Loschpapier, welches mit sterilisiertem destillisiertem Wasser befeuchtet war. Nach 7 Tagen erschien ein grosser brauner eigenttimlicher Fleck, da ich viele Sporen geimpft hatte. Die Controllblatter blieben gesund. Danach setzte ich auf die gesunden Blatter 1-2 Sporen enthalt- ende Wassertropfen und behandelte diese gleicherweise wie oben, worauf dieselbe Fleckenbildung wie in der Natur erfolgte. Die Infection der Blattstiele gab nach 7 Tagen einen schwarzen Punkt. Nach einigen Tagen begann:das Gelbwerden des Blattes und endlich fiel dieses ab. Die Inficierungsversuche auf Pirus Toringo Sieb. und Pirus sinensis Lindl. haben ein negatives Resultat, was auch aus meiner Beobachtung hervorging, dass in Obstgarten, wo Aepfelbdume und Birnbaume gemischt sind, nur diese gesund bleiben.
Bekaempfung der Krankheit. Diese Versuche wurden mit den gewohnlichen mineralischen Substanzen gemacht. Das Mittel muss billig sein, und eine grosse Wirkung mit leichter Herstellbarkeit verbinden. Ich versuchte Bordeauxbriihe, Sch- wefelblumen, die Mischung von diesem mit Aetzkalk, und Kalk- milch. Die Bordeauxbriihe bestand aus 0.5 Kg. Kupfervitriol, 0.5 Kg. Aetzkalk und 50 Liter Wasser. Die reine Schwefel- blumen wurden gepudert. Das dritte Mittel bestand aus 1 Teil von Schwefelblumen, 1 Teil von Aetzkalk, und einer zweck- massigen Menge vom Wasser. Diese Mittel wurden am 9. August 1905 in Rokugo gebraucht, wo die Krankheit eine in- tensive Verbreitung hatte. Durch die Bordeauxbriihe wurde die weitere Verbreitung wirkungsvoll eingeschrankt, obwohl kurz
Maxcu. 1907. ] MIVYAKE—EINIGE PILZ-KRANKHEITEN. 43
nach meinen Versuchen es 4-5 Tage lang regnete. Durch die anderen Mittel bekam ich nicht ein so gutes Resultat, aber alle wirkten doch mehr oder weniger. Weitere Versuche zeigten die gleichen Resultate.
Ill. EINE NEVE KRANKHEIT DER THEEPFLANZE.
Auf Theepflanzen (Thea sinensis L.) ist eine Krankheit in der Nahe von Tokyo ziemlich weit verbreitet. Beim Studium ent- deckte ich einen Pilz, der zur Gattung Gloeosporium gehort. Da in vielen Werken, die ich consultirte, kein Pilz beschrieben st, welcher mit meinem Pilze identisch ware, musste ich ihn fur
44 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 148,
eine neue Species halten und nannte ihn ‘ Gloeosprium Theae- sinensis.”’
Gloeosporium Theae-sinensis, sp. nov. Die auf den befal- lenen Theeblattern entstandenen Flecken sind gross, zuerst rot- braun, endlich grau; diese Flecken dehnen sich oft ber die ganzen Blatter aus ; Sporenlager sind auf der oberen Seite des Blattes zerstreut, schwarz, zuerst mit der.Oberhaut, endlich hervorbrechnd ; sie haben einen Durchmesser von 80-120 yp. Basidien sind farblos, fadenformig, klein, 10-16 x 1.0-1.5 yp gross und stehen ziemlich dicht zusammen ; Sporen sind hyalin spindelf6r- mig oder oval 4-6 x2 y gross, an beiden Enden zugespitzt und meistens 2 kleine Fetttropfchen enthaltend (Fig 14-16).
In Africa ist auf Theepflanzen eine ahnliche Art, Gloeo- sporium Theae Z1MM., beobachtet worden; dieser Pilz bildet einen rotbraunen Fleck, welcher wie bei meinem Pilze endlich grau wird. Die Sporenlager erscheinen jedoch auf den beiden Seiten des Blattes und haben einen Durchmesser von 90 /: die Conidien sind cylindrisch, mit abgerundeten Enden 14-19 x 4-6 yp gross ; deshalb kann man ihn von meinem Pilze durch die Grosse und die Form der Sporen und Habitus leicht unterscheiden. Ich hoffe, bald Weiteres tiber jenen Pilz mitzuteilen.
Some Observations on the Physiology of Cycas-Spermatozoids.”
By
K. Shibata and K. Miyake.
In the fall of 1905 one of us” has, for the first time, ob- served the living spermatozoids of Cycas revoluta and among others made some experiments on their chemotactic property. The substances used were malic acid, sodium salts of malic and tartaric acids, calcium fumarate and chlorides of potassium and calcium, besides two alkaloid-salts, namely sulphate of atropin and hydro-chloride of chinine. They were used in solu- tions of various concentrations and the results were always negative: 1.e. the spermatozoids were found to be quite indifferent towards the chemicals above mentioned.
We are now going to report the results of our further ex- periments on this subject. The materials were obtained from Kagoshima and Tanegashima in southern Japan. They were sent to Tokyo at the end of September and early in October. The well known capillary method was used and the capillary tube filled with experimenting solution was applied to each freely swimming spermatozoid. In these experiments we paid special attention to the constituents of the outside medium, 1. e. the solution in which the spermatozoids are swimming. For we know from the recent studies of SHIBATA” on the spermatozoids of Pteridophyta and of Kniep” on Bacteria that the chemotactic reaction is considerably influenced by the nature of the outside medium. |
1) Read before the Tokyo Botanical Society, Oct. 27th, 1906.
2) MryAkp,。 Ber. d. Deutschen Bot. Gesellsch., Bd. XXIV. 1906. Also in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, Vol. XIX. Oct. 1905.
3) Jahrb. f. wissensch. Bot., Bd. XLI, 1905.
4) Jahrb. f. wissensch. Bot., Bd. XLIIT, 1906.
46
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.
The solutions used as outside media are as follows :
*/i mol. solution of cane sugar+t '/,o. mol. H.SO, */i mol. solution of cane sugar
"/, mol. solution of dextrose+ ! /,o9 mol. H,SO, '/, mol. solution of dextrose
/。 mol. solution of levulose + 1/1. mol. H.SO, /。 mol. solution of levulose
*/i) mol. solution of KNO
*/ mol. solution of Asparagin
The capillary solutions
‘Ts "/50 ‘T50 * Ls * [50 "7 「/ “/o “io */io * [50 ‘Lio
mol. mol. mol. mol. mol. mol. mol. mol. mol. mol. mol. mol.
solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution
tried are:”
of sodium malate
of sodium maleinate
of calcium maleinate
of ammonium fumarate of ammonium succinate of patassium citrate
of ammonium asparaginate of dextrose
of levulose
of cane sugar
of chinine hydro-chloride of ephedrin hydro-chloride
[Vol. XXI, No, 248.
Concentrated solution of egg-albumin Archegonial contents of Crcas.”
We tried the various combinations of the above mentioned solutions, and in not one case have been able to observe either positive or negative chemotactic reaction. It is especially to be noticed that the spermatozoids have shown no reaction towards the archegonial contents. On the other hand we have observed that some Pteridophyta-spermatozoids are attracted by the archegonial contents of Cycas. The following experti- ments were made with the spermatozoids of Equisetum:
1) Into the capillary solutions we added usually cane sugar or other substances which were used for outside media, in about the same concentration as the Jatter, to avoid the difference of osmotic pressure of two solutions.
2) Thick, mucilaginous fluid of the egg as well as more clear watery fluid of the
neck-cells.
Marcy. 1907] SHIBATA & MIYAKE—OCYCAS-SPERMATOZOIDS. 47
EXPERIMENT I. Capillary solution: archegonial contents of Cycas. eee solution: water. so
Reaction very distinct: strong attraction towards the mouth of the capillary tube; at first some indication of repul- sion, later entering into the tube, continuing the activity in the eapillary fluid for at least 30 minutes.
EXPERIMENT II. Capillary solution: same as the preceding. ee solution: '/s mol. solution of Ca(NO,),
Reaction very distinct: nearly all spermatozoids being at- tracted towards the mouth of the capillary tube; moving inside the tube for more than 30 minutes.
EXPERIMENT III. Capillary solution: same as above. Ween solution: '/,.. mol. solution of sodium maiate.
No reaction whatever.
Now we see in the above experiments that the Equisetum- spermatozoids are attracted by the archegonial coritents of Cycas and the chemotactic reaction is not least influenced when the outside medium contains calcium salt, while the attraction disappears by the presence of malic acid salt in the medium. It is therefore highly probable that the chemotactic attraction is due to the presence of malic acid in the archegonium.
From these results we have to conclude that either the Cycas-spermatozoids lack the chemotactic irritability or- the chemotaxis can only take place under some unknown external conditions such as the special composition of outside medium. If the former alternative is found to be correct, the spermato- zoids have probably lost the chemotactic irritability which has existed in the ancester of Cycas and perform, at present, the act of fertilization by means of mechanical or some other contrivances. The second alternative seems not to be very probable although we are yet far from expressing any definite opinion about it as we do not yet know the chemical constitu- ents of the natural fluids in which the spermatozoids swim in the archegonial chamber before they penetrate into the egg.
1s THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. SEEN
Former investigators of the spermatozoids of cycads” have usually used 109% cane sugar solution (about */,, mol. solution) for outside medium with good results. The osmotic pressure of the solution probably corresponds nearly to the turgor ot the spermatozoid-body. In our experiments this solution was also used quite frequently. Then '/, mol. solutions of cane sugar, dextrose and levulose were tried and the spermatozoids were found to behave just like as in */,, mol. cane sugar solution. 1 mol. solutions of cane sugar and dextrose (osmotic pressure =[22,4+5; atm.]) were also tried. In these cases the spermato- zoids have contracted their bodies by the loss of water and stopped the motion for a short time. Very soon the spermatozoids recover from temporary inactivity and in a few minutes they continue the motion as actively as before. _In one case we observed that one of the spermatozoids in 1 mol. solution of dextrose was in motion for nearly five hours. This remarkable behavior of Cycas-spermatozoids in concentrated solutions of sugar is due to the permeability of the plasma membrane for cane sugar and dextrose. We know by the studies of OvERTON and others that sugars, higher alcohols and amido- acids are almost impenetrable into the plasma membrane of ordinary plant cells. So that such cells undergo permanent plasmolysis in the highly concentrated solution (hyperosmotic solution) of the substances above mentioned. One of us has also observed the similar abnormal permeability of plasma membrane in Isoetes-spermatozoids.” Hexoses (dextrose, levulose ete.) were found to penetrate easily the living plasma membrane of the spermatozoids, This remarkable deviation of the behavior of the spermatozoids in regard to the permeability of the plasma membrane is very interesting from physiological as well as bio- logical standpoints and deserves further investigation.
In conclusion, we wish to express our sincere thanks to Profs. Iwasaki and Ikepa of Kagoshima, Mr. Haniu of Tanegashima and Prof. Forr of Tokyo for the help in securing the material.
IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY, TOKYO.
1) Wepper, Bulletin No. 2 Bureau of Plant Industry, U.S. Dept. Agr., 1901, P. 54. Miyake, Ber. d. Deutschen. Bot. Gesellsch., Bd. XXIV, 1906, P. 81. 2) SHIBATA, l. c. p- 594.
Supplements to the Enumeratio Plantarum Formosanarum.
By B. Hayata
Assistant in the Botanical Institute, Science College, Imperial University, Tokyo.
(Continued from p. 15.)
Last year I continued my writing in this magazine under the title of ‘Contribution to the Flora of Mt. Morrison’’; and also wrote a few times under the title of ‘‘Supplements to the Enumeratio Plantarum Formosanarum.’’ I think now it would be better to combine the former with the latter, as both subjects are in the same field of investigation. In this paper, therefore, I shall try to give all my study to the botany of any region of the Island of Formosa.
Arundinaria niitakayamensis Hayata, sp. nov. Culmus foliifer 50-60 cm. longus, suffruticosus, ramis glabris, ramosis, fasciculatis, inzequalibus, internodiis 5cm. longis; folia lanceo- lata, 44cm. longa, 5-6Gmm. lata, apice acuminata, basi in petiolum brevem attenuata, margine scabra, nervis secundariis utraque latere 2-3, venulis transversis numerosis tessellata, subtus pallidiora, glabra; vagine ・striate 2cm. longe, apice ciliis paucis longis, ligulis 4mm. longis acutis. Culmus florifer 40—50cm. longus, simplex, internodiis 5-6cm. longis; folia lanceolata 10cm. longa, 1cm. lata, acuminatissima, supra glabra subtus pauce hirsuta; vagine 8—9cm. longe, pallido- purpurascentes, ligulis conspicuis, 2mm. longis, extus hirsutis. Panicula laxe racemosa 15cm. longa. Spicule 3-—4cm. longe, subcylindraceee, 3-7 flore, rhachillis articulatis hirsutis, longe pedicellate. Glumez I. et II. ineequales lanceolate, gl. III. brevior; gl. [I.] 5—nervis, nervis inconspicuis, 7mm. longa, subulata, 2mm. lata; gl. II. longior ovato-oblonga 7-nervis, nervis inconspicuis, 8-9mm. longa, 3-4mm. lata, sub lente scabero-
50 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 248.
hirsutinscnla : gl. II. 9-nervis, nervis conspicuis, ovato-acumi- nata, 14mm. longa, 5mm. lata, fusco-purpurascens, margine gla- bra. Palea pauce brevior, depressa, apice bimucronata, bicarinata, carinis obscure ciliatis. Lodicule 3, longz, obovate, ciliate, nervose. Stylus 2-fidus; ovarium oblongum in stylum atte- nuatum.,
Hab. in monte Morrison, Ganzan, ad 9141 ped. alt., leg. S. Nacasawa, Nov. anno 1905, (No. 678).
Eremochloa ophiuroides Hack. Mon. Androp. p. 261; For- BES et. HemMsw...Ind. Fl. Sin, IIL. jpy363.
Ischemum ophiuroides Munro; BENTH. Fl. Hongk p. 425.
Hab. Kinpori, leg. G. Nakawara, Jun. anno 1905, (No. 87); Shakko, leg. S. Nacasawa, anno 1905.
Distrib. South China.
Oplismenus undulatifolius Beauv. var. imbecillis Hack. ; MERRILL,.in Philip. Journ. Sci. I. Suppl. pp. 28 et 364.
Panicum imbecille Trin. Ic. Gram. t. 191.
Hab. Taiton, leg. Z. KonayasHi, anno 1905.
Thuarea sarmentosa Pers.; Benrn. Fl. Hongk. p.415; Hoox. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. VII. p. 91; Maxino, in Tokyo Bot. Mages p. 256; Hack. in Bul. Herb. Boiss. (1899) p. 722; Pormmsies Hswsr. Ind. Fl. Sin. III. p. 340; Martsum. et Hayata, Enum. Pl. Formos. p. 512.
Ornithocephalochloa arenicola Kurz, in Journ. Bot. XIII. (1875) PD 332, ‘t. 27s
Hab. Koshiryo, leg. G. NAKAHARA, anno 1905, (No. 172); Taito : Shinkdgai, leg. T. Kawakami ct Z. KOBAYASHI, anno 1906, (No. 1514 et 1533)
Distrib. Ceylon, Cochinchina, Malay, North Australia, Pacific Islands, Loo-choo and South China; but not hitherto
known from Formosa.
MAxcH. 1907.] ENUM. PL. FORMOSANARUM. 51
Deschampsia sp.
Hab. in verticem montis Manet on, ad 13094 ped. alt.; leg. S. NAGASAWA, Nov. anno 1905.
This specimen was collected too late in the season ed there remained but a few empty glumes. But in its general appearance, its leaves and ligules, it may be a near species of Deschampsia flexuosa or even the same species.
Brachypodium Kawakamii Hayara, sp. nov. Perennia erecta subcaespitosa, circ. 20cm. alta. Folia convoluto teretia, laminis 5—6cm. longis, utraque latere 6—7-nervis, extus glaber- rima sed intus scabra pauce hirsuta, vaginis 2cm. longis, ligulis latioribus brevibus leviter ciliolatis. Spicule pauce saepe ad unam terminalen reducte, pedunculis tenuissimis, 6— 7-flore, compresse 2cm. longe, 3mm. late, rhachillis inter flores articulatis hirsutissimis; floribus hermaphroditis sed superioribus imperfectis. Glumz 2 inferiores vacuz, 7—nervis, florentibus minores et breviores mutice, subglabre; gl. [I.] 7-mm. longa; gl. II. longior; gl. florens rigidula, angusta, dorso rotun- data, 7-9-nervis, integra, in aristam rectam 4mm. longam desidens; palea gluma vix brevior 7mm. longa, latiuscula, 2—carinata, carinis ciliatis, apice truncata et. emarginata. Stamina 8. Ovarium apice appendiculo brevi villoso coronatum; styli longiusculi, stigmatibus laxe plumosis. Caryopsis anguste oblonga a dorso compressa antice late sulcata palea adherens.
Hab. in verticem montis Morrison, leg. T. Kawaxkamr et G. NakaHara; et ad 13094 ped. alt., leg. S. Nacasawa, Nov. anno 1905, (No. 615). ;
Smallest form of Brachypodium, remarkable for its terete leaves, and its simplest form of a spike reduced into one spicule at the end of a very slender peduncle. Leaf very slender and it measures but 1mm. in diameter, and 3mm. in circumference.
Festuca ovina Linn. Mio. Prol. p. 170 (typica); FRancu. et Savat. Enum. Pl. Jap. Il. p.181; Taome, Fl. Deutschl. I. p. 114, t. 53, A; Wacner, FI. Deutsch. p.82; var. vulgaris KocuH; Hack. in Bull. Merb: Boiss. VIL. 14899). p. 713 et Ser. 2, II. (1903) p. 506.
CX トウ
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI, No. 248,
Hab. in verticem montis Morrison, ad 13094 ped. alt., leg. S. Nacasawa, Nov. 1905, (No. 598).
Distrib. Europe, North China and Japan.
This is the only species of Festuca found in this interesting mountain. Although the specimen is in too late a stage of blossoming to show a perfect flower, I have no hisitation in identifying it with Festuca ovina on account of its great resemblance in the form of foliage, flowerless glumes and its habits. This grass is common on high elevations in Japan, and ranges over the Kurile Islands in the north and southwards to central Japan. It is rather a remarkable matter that we have found this species on a high elevation in the Island of Formosa.
Panicum sarmentosum Roxs. FI. Ind. I. p. 308; BEnru. Fl. Hongk. p. 412; Hance, in fotrn. Linn. Soc. TINSN Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. VII. p. 54; FoRBEs et Hemsw. Ind. FI. Sin. III. p. 333; MERRrrr, in Philipp. Journ. Scienc. I. Suppl. pp. 27 et 360.
Panicum concinnum NEES; STEUD. Syn. Gram. p. 78.
Panicum incomtum Trin. Ic. Gram. t. 232.
Panicum micrognostum STEUD. Syn. Gram. p. 78.
Panicum vacillans STEUD. 1. c. p. 75.
Hab. Rokukiri (Banchoryo), leg. G. NaKAHARA, Oct. anno 1905, (No. 588); Goshizan (Shintiku), leg. T. Kawaxkami, Dec. anno 1906, (No. 1289).
Distrib. India, Malay, Philippine Islands and Borneo.
In my specimens, I find two forms of this species; one having a rather contracted panicle, while the other has a spreading and more expanding panicle. This difference is due, I think, to the stage ot the developement of the panicle. In the advancing stage, the panicle tends to expand its branchlets, though it is not so in its younger stage.
Agrostis Clarkei Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. VII. p. 257. Hab. in verticem montis Morrison, leg. T. KAWAKAMI et G. NAKAHARA, Nov. anno 1905.
MAncw. 1907.] ENUM. PL. FORMOSANARUM. 53
Distrib. Western Himalaya at an altitude of 2100m.
This Agrosts is very like A. canina of the northern part of Japan. But my Morrison specimen has no awn and of course it must be different from A. canina. Besides, in my specimen, glume I. and II. are narrow and more acuminate and gl. III. is much shorter. Hooker’s description of A. Clarkei quite agrees with my plant.
Eragrostis formosana HAYATA, SD. nov. Annua; culmi caespi- tosi 50-60cm. alti, internodiis 9-6cm. longis. Folia radicalia vaginis 4cm. longis ore pauce ciliatis, ligulis brevissimis ad orem vaginarum annulum formantibus, laminis linearibus, filiformibus, 10cm. longis, 2—3mm. latis basi pauce hirsutis. Panicula laxe effusa, 10-15cm. longa, 4—Scm. lata, ramis alternis. Spicule ovate in peripherio, 4-5mm. longe, 2mm. late, 15-20 flore, pedicellatee, pedicellis 1- ま cm. longis, rhachillis inter flores continuis glabris, floribus hermaphroditis. Glumae 2 inferiores vacuee, inezquales, florentibus breviores, carinate, 1-nervatae, dorso secus nervum minute denticulate; florens membranacea carinata, 3—nervis, nervis glabris, globosa, acuta, integra ; palea gluma brevior, prominenter 2—carinata, carinis alatis, alis minute _dentatis, in gluma inclusa. Stamina 2. Styli distincti, longi, stigmatibus plumosis. Caryopsis globosa.
Hab. Nankokei, leg. G. NAkaHara, Aug. anno 1905, (No. 208).
This new species much resembles HE. unioloides in the form of its spikelets, but differs from it by the longer and more branched panicle, and still more by the filiformed leaf.
Spodiopogon tainanensis Hayara, sp. nov. Culmi elati, erecti, teretes, 2mm. in diametro aequantes in partibus superioribus. Folia caulina latiuscula plana, vaginis glabris margine ciliatis coriaceomembranaceis 7em. longis oribus longe ciliatis, cilis 3mm. longis, ligulis brevibus glabris 1 mm. longis v. longioribus, margine ciliatis, Jaminis 10-12cm. longis lanceolato-angustatis, acumi- natis, planis, utraque pagina glabris, utraque latere 5—nervis, margine minute serrulatis. Panicula laxa longe pedunculata, conica, 10cm. longa, 3-4cm. lata, ramis ad nodos 2-3-
54 THE BOTANICAL MAGAGINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 243.
fasciculatis, flexuosis ascendento-patulis, ad nodum infimum usque ad Scm. longis in parte inferiori nudis, superne breviter ramulosis et remote spiculiferis. Spicule ad apices ramulorum panicule et laterales sepissime terne, una Sessih ceterae stipitatae, stipitibus inzequalibus mollis, floribus omnibus herma- phroditis. Glumz 4, 2—exteriores vacue, tenuiter membrana- ceee, oblonge, extus longe barbatae, apice obtuse ciliate ; gl. I. 3mm. longa 2mm. lata, 8—nervis; gl. TI. 3mm. longa v. longior S—nervis, nervis inconspicuis; gl. II1. hyalina minor 3mm. longa v.brevior, 2-nervis, paleam seepeque in spicula sessili florem} fovens; gl. IV. hyalina, apice 2-fida 2mm. longa, arista intra lobos 8mm. longa geniculata, palea tenuissima flore ¥ vy. abortu 2. Stamina 3. Styli distincti, stigmatibus plumosis.
Hab. Tainan leg. G. NAKAHARA, Oct. anno 1905.
This species resembles S. depauperatus, but differs from it by the shorter spikelet and long ciliated glume. The arrangement of flowers in the spikelet is rather variable in the species. In the sessile spikelet, gl. I. and II. are always empty, gl. III. has a male flower, and gl. IV. has a perfect flower. This arrange- ment of flowers is generally kept in the sessile as well as pedi- celled spikelet. But sometimes, in a pedicelled spikelet, the perfect flower is reduced to a female one or more often to no flower at all.
Spodiopogon Kawakamii Hayavra, sp. nov. Culmi elati,
erecti, 14m. alti, validi, 5mm. in diametro equantes, subeom-
pressi, in partibus inferioribus unilateraliter sulcati. Folia latius- cula plana, vaginis glabris membranaceis ad internodium
applicatis, 20-30 cm. longis, oribus extime ciliatis callosis, ligulis
brevibus, glabris, 4mm. longis, laminis angustis lanceolatis acutis 50cm. longis 1.7cm. latis, supra glabris subtus hirsutis apice acutissimis basi longe attenuatis et petiolum bialatum usque ad 10cm. longum attenuatis, nervis utraque latere 6—7.
Panicula oblonga, 23cm. longa, 5cm. lata, longe pedunculata,
ramis ad nodos multo fasciculatis flexuosis ascendento-patulis, ad nodum infimum usque ad 10cm, longis, in parte inferiore nudis
2
o + Blt n+ ERR Re
Marcu. 1907.] ENUM. PL. FORMOSANAR UM. 55
superiore breviter ramulosis et densius spiculiferis. Spiculae 4mm. longe, pilose, seepissime pedicellate, pedicellis glabris, inzequalibus, spicula szepius brevioribus. Glume4, 2-exteriores vacue, tenuiter membranacez, longe ciliate, subequales mutice; gl. I. ovata 34mm. longa leviter mucronata extus hirsuta intus glabra 12— mervata; ol. Il. 1O0-nervata leviter mucronata; gl. III. multo parvior, hyalina, margine ciliolata; gl. IV. oblonga, hyalina 24mm. longa, apice bifida, arista 8mm. longa exerta. Caryopsis ovoidea 24mm. longa, 14mm. lata.
Hab. Koshin, leg. T. KAwakami, anno 1905.
This new grass somewhat resembles S. sibiricus, but is easily distinguished by its shorter and more densely arranged spicules towards the end of the branchlet, and still more by its pedicelled spicules. Moreover, in this new plant, the base of the spicule is somewhat bare and there is nothing like clustered hairs as is the case with S. sibiricus. This species also bears some resemblance to S. formosanus, but differs from it by the long awned glume and hirsute leaves.
Trisetum subspicatum Beauv.; STEUD. Syn. Gram. p. 225; Bees me bull Herb: Boiss. VIE (1899) p. 703; FORBES :et Hens. Ind. Fl. Sin. II. p. 400; Kawaxami, in Tokyo, Bot Mag. XIV. p. 112; Avena subspicata CLatrv.; Hook. f. Fl. Brit ime yi 278; Pnomer, F1. Dewesch: I. p. 145:
Hab. in verticem montis Morrison, ad 13094 ped. alt.; leg. T. Kawakami et G. NakawarRa; et S. Nacasawa, Nov. anno 1905, (No. 612). 1
Distrib. Kurile, Himalayas, and generally found in alpine and frigid regions.
Alopeeurus agrestis Linn. Sp. Pl. ed—2, p. 89; Sreup. Syn. Gram. p. 149; Benru. Fl. Hongk. p. 407; Hoox f. FI. Brit. Ind. VII. p. 239; Lines. Fl. Ross. 1V. p. 465; FORBES et Hemsv. Ind. Fl. Sin. III. p. 385.
Hab. Taihoku, leg. S.YANo, anno 1897, (No. 511).
Distrib. Europe and western and northern Asia and India.
Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 34.)
By
T. Makino. Assistant in the Botanical Institute, Science College, Imperial University of Tokyo.
Viola (Nomimium) nipponica Makino sp. nov.
Acaulesent. Roots white. Rhizome short, thick, erect. Leaves often many, tufted, erect or erect-patent, ovate, broadly ovate, or narrowly ovate, obtuse at the apex, subcordate or truncate at the base, crenate, glabrous, 14—5cm. long, 1#-3 き cm. broad; lateral veins 4—5 on each side; petiole longer or shorter than the blade, narrowly winged above, glabrous; stipules long- adnate, the upper free portion linear or subulato-linear, acumi- nate, very loosely glanduloso-ciliated, thin. Flowers often numerous, about 14-2cm. across, violet-purple; peduncles often exceeding the leaves, glabrous, slender, bracteate in or below the middle, about 5-11cm. long; bracteoles linear or subulato-linear. Sepais glabrous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, viridescent, 6-8mm. long exclusive of the basal auricles; basal auricles short, ovato-oval, truncate and few-denticulate, those of the upper lateral ones small and deltoid with an acute or acutish tip. Petals obovato-oblong, or elliptical-obovate, gradually narrowed below, rounded at the apex; the lateral ones bearded with white hairs; the lower one slightly shorter than the rest, spathulato-cuneate, gradually attenuated below, truncato- rounded or truncate, whitish and deep-purple-striped below; calcar subhorizontal, longer than the sepals, narrow, scarcely arcuate or straight, rounded-obtuse at the apex, somewhat compressed laterally, light purple with minute purple spots, 8-12 mm. long. Anthers 3imm. long; connective-tip ovato-
Marci, 1907.] MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 57
orbicular, rounded-obtuse or acutish at the apex, shorter than the anther-cells; appendages linear-filiform, nearly straight, about Smm. long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style slightly exceeding the anthers, gradually enlarged above, geniculate below; stigma truncate, subdeltoid. Capsule (immature) ellip- soid, glabrous. Flowers April. Nom. Jap. Oka-sumire (nov.). Hab. Japan (7. Makino!). Probably a hybrid between Viola japonica Langsd. and YV. phalacrocarpa Maxim. In the dried specimen it is hardly dis- tinguishable from the former.
Viola (Nomimium) Tashiroi Makino sp. nov. Viola sp. Ito in Ito et Matsum. Tent. Fl. Lutch. I. (1899) p. 41. Acaulescent. Rhizome erect or ascending, rather elongate, about 5-20 mm. in length, thickish, closely reticulated, rooting. Leaves tufted, many, long-petiolate, rhombeo-deltoid or rnombic, obtuse at the apex, truncato-cuneate and decurrent to the peti- ole at the base, few-several-depressed-crenato-serrate, membrana- ceous, glabrous, green above, paler (and often slightly viola- ceous ?) beneath, 9-20mm. long, 10—15mm. broad; petiole gracile, wingless, glabrous, green, 14cm. long; stipules short, about 2ー 23mm. long, thin, few-glandular on margins, adnate, the upper free portion subulate. Flower......... Nom. Jap. Yaevyama-sumire (Y. Tashiro). Hab. YAEYAMA ARCTrP.: Isl. Nishiomote, mountains (Y. Ta- shiro! herh. Sc. Coll. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, July 1887). A small violet. Though I have seen no flower, I cannot doubt this being a new species, having the leaves of peculiar form.
Viola (Nomimium) Takedana Makino sp. nov.
Acaulescent. Roots elongate. Rhizome erect or oblique, short or longish, sometimes thick, purpurascerit-thin-vaginate. Leaves few-many-tufted, erect or erect-patent, membranaceous,
58 THE BOTANICAL MAGAGINE. Vol. XXT. No. 20
deltoid-ovate or lanceolato-ovate, elongato-attenuated above with an obtuse or acutish tip, auriculato-cordate with an open or sub- close deep sinus and oval-orbiculate lobes, depressed-crenate often with concave-margined teeth, thinly piloso-pubescent and some- times pale-variegated along the nerves above, glabrous and pur- purascent beneath, 23—5em. long, 1 き -3cm. broad in flower, but attaining about Gem. long, 4cm. broad in fruit; petiole usually longer than the blade, slender, apterous, thinly pilose above with patent hairs, about 3-Scm. long; stipules membranaceous, adnate below, the upper free portions about 5-10 mm. long, subulate or linear-subulate, acuminate. Peduncls 1 to several, shorter than leaves, about 4—7em. long, glabrous, but thinly pilose above in cleistogamous-flowered ones, bibracteolate in or below the middle; bracteoles adpressed, linear-subulate, acuminate, glauduloso- serrate on the basal margins, 6-7mm. long. Flowers about 12cm. across, pale rose, more or less fragrant. Sepals lanceo- late or ovato-lanceolate, acuminate with an acute tip, glabrous, membranaceous, 3—nerved, purplish, 6-10mm. long; basal auricles oval or elliptico-rectangular, entire, bifid, or irregularly crenato- dentate, thinly ciliated or glabrous, about 2mm. long in those of the lower sepals, but smaller and subulato-deltoid in those of the lateralsepals. Petals oblong, rounded or somewhat bifid at the apex; the upper and lateral ones cuneately attenuated at the base; the upper ones slightly shorter than the lateral ones, about 13-14mm. long, 6}mm. wide; the lateral ones beardless, hardly narrower than the upper ones, 14-16 mm. long, 53—6mm. wide; the lower one about equal to the lateral ones in length, about 64mm. long; calcar slightly shorter than sepals, oblong or narrowly oblong, rounded at the end, straight, compressed laterally, 5-63mm. long. Stamens about 33-4mm. long; con- nective-tip elliptical-ovate, acutish or obtuse, equal to the anther-cells in length; appendages falcately linear, gradually attenuated above with an obtuse tip, slightly curved upwards, about 5-6mm. long. Style exserted, equalling the ovary in length, enlarged above; stigma obovato-deltoid, convex, produced, marginate. Ovary conico-ovoid, glabrous, about 3mm. long. Capsule oblong, acute, glabrous, about 10mm. long.
MARCH, 1907.] MAKINO.—OBSER V. ON THE FL ORA OF JAPA N. 59
Nom. Jap. Hina-sumure (nov.).
Hab. Japan; middle and northern (M. Oguma! H. Takeda! H. Nambu! T. Makino! efc.! etc.!).
This is unquestionably an intermediate species between Viola violacea Makino and V. Selkirkii Pursh, from which the form of the leaves are different. It is also allied to V. Tokubuchiana Makino.
Viola (Nomimium) ovato-oblonga (Mig.) Makino.
Viola sylvestris forma ovato-oblonga Miq. Prol.F1. Jap. p. 86.
Viola sylvestris var. ovato-oblonga Makino in Bot. Mag, Mekyo, XVI, (1902) p. 137.
Viola sylvestris var. montana Yatabe in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, VI. (1892) p. 131, non V. montana Linn.
? Viola Thibaudieri Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. p. 43. Ma 290 Maxim.in Mel. Brel 1X. -p. 756.
Nom. Jap. Nagaba-tachitsubosumire.
Hab. Japan. 、
var. obtusa (Mig.?) Makino.
? Viola sylvestris forma obtusa Miq. Prol. FI. Jap. p. 86.
Viola sylvestris var. odorifera Makino (1904).
Caulescent. Rhizome erect or ascending, short, hard; roots hard, numerons, branched. Stems erect or ascending, hard at the base, few to several, simple, leafy, puberulous with minute patent hairs, or glabrous, attaining about many centimetres in length with cleistogamous flowers after vernal anthesis. Leaves alternate, long-petiolate, reniform, cordato-reniform, or ovato- cordate, obtuse, depressed-crenate, glabrate but puberulous when young, or quite glabrous, slightly thickish, minutely fuligineo- puncticulate when dried, 1-3cm. long, 1—24cm. broad in flower; petiole angustate, puberulous with minute patent hairs, canalicu- jate in front, longer than the blade; stipules erect, viridescent, lanceolate or subulato-lanceolate with fimbriato-pectinate linear acuminate lacine, membranaceous, ciliated or not so, shorter than the petiole, about 10-16mm. long. Flowers turned down- outward with an ascending calcar, about 13-1? cm. across,
60 THE BOTANICAL MAGAGINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 248,
odoriferous, purpurascent; peduncle exceeding the leaves, erect, gracile, puberulous with minute patent hairs, or glabrous, about S-11cm. long, bracteolate above the middle; bracteoles 2, erect and adpressed, linear, acuminate, membranaceous, glandular- margined at the base, 4-7mm. long. Sepals subulato-lanceo- late, acuminate, entire, glabrous, viridescent but scarious on margins, trinerved, about 7-8;mm. long, the inferior 2 a little broader; basal auricles short, glabrous, truncate or truncato-bifid, but broadly ovate oval or elliptical in those of the lateral ones, but semiorbiculate or ovato-semiorbiculate in that of the superior one. Petals erect-patent; the superior 2 orbicular, rounded at the apex, cuneately long-attenuated below, 9-12mm. long, S-8mm. broad; lateral 2 elliptical, rounded at the apex, cuneatly attenuated below, somewhat longer than the superior ones, beardless, about 11-14mm. long, 5-S8mm. wide; the inferior one equal to the lateral ones in length, elliptical-obovate, retuso- emarginate at the apex, purple above, white and distinctly purple-striped below, about 10-14mm. long, 53-8mm. broad; calcar slightly shorter than the sepals, pointed obliquely upward, cylindrico-oblong, slightly curved upward, obtuse at the apex, compressed laterally, 6-7mm. long. Anthers 3—34mm. long; connective-tip ovato-oval, rounded or obtuse at the apex, shorter than the anther-cells; appendages linear or angustato- linear, slightly curved, 5-7mm. long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, about 2mm. long; style exserted, longer than the ovary, straight, enlarged above, about 3mm. long; stigma compressed laterally, shortly beaked, rounded at the upper corner. Flowers April.
Nom. Jap. Nioi-tachitsubosumite.
Hab. Japan.
This differs from the type, by not having elongated leaves.
Cleisostoma ionosmum Lindl. Bot. Regist. (1847) tab. 41; Walp. Ann. I. p. 791; Ridley in Philip. Journ. Se. I. Suppl. (1906) p. 39.
Sarcochilus ionosmus Benth. et Hook. fil. Gen. Pl. III. p. 575.
forma lutschuense Makino.
WIARcr 1907.] MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 61
An epiphytic orchid, without pseudo-bulb. Stem erect, elongate, simple, foliose, but free from fallen leaves below, terete but somewhat compressed, green and smooth, glabrous, attain- ing 10decim. or more in length, about 9mm. across; internodes short, 2-3cm. long, enclosed with sheaths entirely or greatly; roots elongate, terete, about 5mm. across. Leaves distichous, numerous, spreading, flat, lorate, arcuato-recurved, entire, ob- liquely emarginate at the apex, thick, coriaceous, deep green and more or less shining above, yellowish green beneath, 11-19cm. long, pao em. broad; midrib angustately grooved above, some- what prominent beneath; veins inconspicuous superficially in recent; sheath terete, 2-2}cm. long, more or less striate in age. Raceme simple or loosely branched, lateral in the upper portion of stem, peduncled, erect or erect-patent, exceeding the leaves, about 7-19-flowered, oblong to rounded, 5—20cm. long; branch- es few and short, spreading, about 1-44cm. long; rachis straight, green, glabrous, rather stout, hardly flexuous and slightly striate above; bract very short, lunato-semiorbiculate, obtuse, thickish, thin on margin, greenish, about 1licm. long; peduncle terete, green, glabrous, shorter or longer than the simple or branched racemes,about 9-11cm. long, remotely scaly at the nodes; scale short and vaginate. Flowers medium-sized, laxly disposed, about 33cm. across, slightly odorous. Perianth widely patent and then somewhat reflexed, thickish, entire, rounded-obtuse at the apex, somewhat convex, pale greenish- yellow, blotched with large brick-coloured irregular transverse spots ininside. Sepals free; the upper one spathulato-oblanceo- late, about 17mm. long, 8mm. wide; the lateral ones obovate, shorter and broader than the upper one, very slightly adnate to the base of the column, 15mm. long, 10mm. wide. Petals free, spathulate, attenuated below, nearly equal in length to the upper sepal. Labellum sessile, continued, adnate to the lower- half sides of the column, shortly calcarate behind at the base, nearly horizontal, scarcely incurved, 15mm. in whole length including the calear, narrow, not exeeding the perianth, white, loosely spotted with red, furnished with a large oblong plate at the base under the column (the plate parallel to the labellum-
62 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXT. No. 243.
body and closed the orifice of the calcar by its basal portion, minntely puberulous beneath, about 4mm. long); side lobes adnate to the column, erect, thin, depressed-deltoid; midiobe much larger, carnose, rhombic, slightly puberulous on lateral margins, beakedly produced at the apex with an eroso-truncate tip, about 6mm. broad; disk very minutely puberulous and concave in centre; calcar shortly conical, pointed backward, obtuse at the end, thickish-walled, one-celled, about 34mm. long. Column short, thick, footless, semiterete, wingless, yellowish, about 5mm. long; clinandrium truncate, transversely elliptical, puberulous on the dorsal margin, provided with two crect cor- nicles at the corners in front (cornicles slightly incurved, puberu- lous and fulvous); rostellum shortly produced; operculum obliquely short-conical, imperfectly 2-locular, very shallowly grooved in the back and very broadly so in front, shortly pro- jected on the front margin, yellowish and shaded with brownish colour below, 3mm. across; stigma orbicular, placed under the rostellum, concave, perpendicular. Pollinia 2, ellipsoid-globose, somewhat compressed, yellow, waxy, each divided into 2 un- equal masses, 1mm. and a little more long; stipe slightly longer than the pollinia, membranaceous, white, spathulate, revolute; gland vertical, oblong, bifid at one end and rounded-obtuse at the other end, nearly imm. long. Ovary straight, but often somewhat curved above, narrow, 3—angulate, sulcate, glabrous, spreading, white, about 2—2icm. long.
Nom. Jap. Nyamen-ran.
Hab. Prov. MosAsgr: Tokyo, cultivated from Luchu (7. Makino!)
This differs from the type, merely by the narrower labellum.
Symplocos lucida (Thunb.) Sieb. et Zucc. Fl. Jap. (1835) p. 55, tab. 24, excl. syn. Myrtus laevis Thunb., non Wall.
Laurus lucida Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784) p. 174; Willd. Sp. Pl, II. (1799) p. 484; Pers. Syn¥ Pl. I. (1805) p. 4505 Spremze Syst. Veg. II. (1825) p. 266.
Hopea lucida Thunb. Ic. Pl. Jap. Decas 2, tab. 4.
i へ -
Marci 1907.] MAKINO—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 63
Symplocos japonica A. DC. Prodr. VIII. (1844) p. 255; Sieb. et Zucc. Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. in Abh. Akad. Muench. IV. 3 (1846) p. 133; Miq. Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 265; Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. (1875) p. 307; Walp. Aun. III. p. 919; Forbes et 且 emsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. p. 73; Brand, Symploc. in Engler’s Pfl.-Reich (1901).p. 31.
Bobua japonica Miers in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVII. (1880) p. 306.
Kuroggi seu Fon Kuroggi, i. e. Kuroggi legitima Kempf. Ameen. Exot. (1712) p. 788.
Kuroggi Banks, Icon. Sel. Pl. Jap. (1791) tab. 36.
Nom. Jap. Kurogi.
Hab. Japan.
Ilex Othera (Thunb.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. I. (1825) p. 496.
Oenera japonica Naunb. Fl; yap: (1784) p. 61, et Ic. Pl. Wee Weeas 2) tap. 3; Willd. Sp; Pl. 1. (1797) p. 671; Pers. sya. Pl. I (1805) p. 145; Lam. Illustr. p. 310; Roem. et Schult. Syce. vee III. (1818) p. 300.
Wemuterra ihunb. Fl jap. (1784) p. 77; Willd. Sp. Pl. I. eiqom jo, (il: Pers. Gyn: Pl. 1. (1805) p. 125; Roem. et Schult. ree ce ti (1818) p. 492; DC. Prodr. Il. p. 16; Sieb. et Zuce. in Abhandl. Akad. Muench. IV. 2, p. 148; Mig. Prol. FI. ee o. 269, Hranch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. p. 77; Maxim. jamiviem= Acad. Sc, Pétersh, 7° sér. X XIX. (14881) p. 41, excl. 2; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIII. p. 116; O. Kuntze, eve Gen, Pil. p. 113.
Prinos integra Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. (1841) p. 261.
Ilex asiatica Spreng. Syst. Veg. I. (1825) p. 4,96, ex parte.
Too sei, vulgo Mots no ki Kempf. Amoen. Exot. (1712) or 907.
Nom. Jap. Mochr-no-k1.
Hab. Japan.
(To be continued.)
JAPANESE BOTANICAL LITERATURE.
Kusano, S., Preliminary notes on the chemotais of the swarm-spores of Myxomycetes. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo, Vol. XX. Feb. 1906, p. 23-27) (Japanese). |
Of about twenty species of Myxomycetes examined, only three namely A2thalium septicum, Stemonitis fusca and Coma- tricha longa were found to germinate easily in water, and they were used for the study. The ripe spores germinate in water kept at about 20° C for a few hours, and the swarm-spores seem to be alive for over a week. Using PFEFFER’s capillary method the following results were obtained:
1. Acids attract the swarm-spores. Of about twenty organ- ic and inorganic acids experimented, all gave the chemotactic stimulus to the swarm-spores. The stimulus varies according to the degree of electric dissociation of the acids. Very slightly dissociated acids like boric acid and hydrocyanie acid show very little attraction. When the degree of dissociation is about the same, the attraction of dibasic acid is stronger than that of monobasic acid: e. g. sulphuric acid attracts more than nitric or hydrochloric acid in the same degree of concentration.
2, Acid-salts or such salts which are acidic in solution due to hydrolytic dissociation cause the positive chemotactic loco- motion of the swarm-spores.
3. Swarm-spores are also attracted towards the acidic juice of various fruits.
4, They are indifferent towards various carbohydrates and neutral non-metallic salts of organic or inorganic acids.
5. Alkaline solutions cause negative chemotactic reactions.
The author concludes that the chemotactic attraction is due to the H-ion present in the solution.
K. Mryake.
\NICAL MAGAZINE.
Ss. 0 -— A new Species of T apie Bao re aol tiie ea nee
: re 0. ‘Loew and K. Aso : 一 On physiologically balanced Solutions.. . . 68 NH ‘Ito :—Japanese Species of Triuridacee.. . . . . . . . . .・ 84 a Makino he oe on the Flora of Japan. (continued 。 _ from. p. 63). ee ea OPN sl ee ee ae
“ antexxs IN JAPANESE :—
8 Matsuda:—A List of Plants EL oe J. KUWABARA in i a ee ee
0. Loew and K. Aso 一 On the occurrence of Benzoic acid in Paguieniae (88)
- Currewr LITERATURE :—
_Anstrnther A. Lawson, The Gametophytes, Fertilization and Bays a of Cephalolaxus drupacea.—E. Hannig, uber pilzfreis Lolium | temulentum. ー す . C. Constantineanu, Ueber die Entwicklungsbeding-
2 ungen der し MAN 村人 Su YSSD2ccer 人 | MIsceLLanrous : ーー | : , 、 Greatest tree in the Empire, + —Personals, Reports etC < 。 ~, .' (95)
"PROCEEDINGS OF THE Tokyo BoranicaL SOCIETY.
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A New Species of Taphrina on Acer, | 4
§. Kusano. With one Figure.
Only four species of Taphrina have been hitherto known on Aceraceze.’) T. acericola Massau. on Acer campestris L. and A. Pseudoplatanus L. from Italy is characterized by having asci with short but broad stalk cells. A closely allied species, T. acerina Eias,” is found on A. platanoides L. in Sweden. . At several places in Europe (Germany, Russia, Scandinavia and Hungary) is recorded T. polyspora Jouans. on A. tataricum L., the ascus of which has no stalk cell. The American species: T. lethifera (PECK.) Sacc. on A. spicatum Lam., resembles the latter in lacking the stalk cell in the ascus,” but it is not identical, its body being much larger.
‘The fungus which I am going to describe produces asci with stalk cells like the former two species above mentioned, but in other respects it is quite different from them, the dimen- sions of the asci approaching rather to the latter two species. It was found during my short stay at Nikko, 27. May 1906. At that time the fungus was just in maturation so that an accurate diagnosis may be drawn up of this material as follows :—
Taphrina nikkoensis Kusano n. sp. The fungus forms grayish scurfs on the leaves of the host, whose outline is somewhat irregular and whose diameter ex-
1) GIESENHAGEN enumerated in his paper published in 1901 only two species (Taphrina, Exoascus und Magnusiella. Bot. Ztg. 59. 1901. p. 115).
2) Saccarno, Sylloge Fungorum XIV. p. 823; Exrasson, A. G., Taphrina acerina n. sp. Bihang till K. Svenska Vetensk.—Acad. Handlingar. XX. 11. Nr. 4. 1895: p. 3.
8) Saccarpo, |. c. X. p. 67.
66 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Yol. XXT. No, 248,
tends to 3-6mm. The center of the scurf becomes afterwards pale reddish or violet and then leaves brownish dead spots.
The subcuticular mycelium predominating on the underside of the leaves converts all into ascogenous cells.
The asci are long, cylindrical or slightly clavate, and round-
ed at both ends or slightly truncate at the upper end, measuring 40-50 » in length and 10-134 in breadth. The stalk cells rounded at the base are also long, measuring 10-15 yp in length and are broad as the asci. Their wall is somewhat thinner than that of the asci.
The ascospores are globose or elliptical, usually 8 in an ascus, 54 or 4-5x 7p. Sometimes the asci are filled up with conidia of various sizes. [
On Acer purpurascens FR. et Sav. (Jap. name Kaji-kaede). At several places about Nikko in Prov. Shimozuke. 27. V. 1906. A large host tree near the Nikko-Hotel is furiously attacked; especially the leaves of the sheltered shoots are sprinkled with a great number of diseased spots, a slight distortion often resulting. No less furiously is also affected a host tree on the road side near Umagaeshi. In diseased spots any anatomical change is scarsely visible, but owing to the surface extension (at) /tlese places the leaves are more or less arched towards the surface on which the asci are produced: As to the action of the fungus upon the host the present species shows
nothing peculiar as distinguishing it from any other Taphrina on Acer. Taking the dimension and form of the asci into consideration it stands
Apriz, 1907.) KUSANO.—A NEW SPECTES OF TAPHRINA ON ACER. 67
‘nearer to T. polyspora or rather to T. lethifera, but as these latter species are described as having no stalk cell 7. nikkoensis can not surely be identical with either of them. It is also by no means identical with even those species with stalk cells, 7. acerina and T. acericola. In the latter species the stalk cells are broader than the asci themselves while in 7. nikkoensis they are approximately as broad as the asci.
On Physiologically Balanced Solutions.”
By
ッ
0. Loew and K. Aso.
About half a century ago various authors have carried out experiments in order to find a solution in which plants could be grown to perfection which are cultivated in soil. After many failures KNop succeeded to compose a culture solution of the desired qualities, it was superior to all others, that of SacHs not excepted. In other words, it was a physiologically balanced solution; the injury by a one-sided nutrition was prevented by the proper quantity of other nutrients.
It must have been doubtless recognized by Knop, altho it was not pronounced with emphasis, that the ratio of the dit- ferent nutrients to each other is of fundamental importance for the best development of the plants and that this principle of the water culture must hold good also in regard to soil and manure for the field crops.” In studying the cause of the toxic action of magnesium salts we were led to infer that special consideration is necessary for the regulation of the relative amounts of lime and magnesia available to the roots.
Numerous experiments have shown beyond any doubt that the injurious action which magnesium salts exert on plants from the higher alge upwards can only be prevented by- lime salts and that the important function of magnesium salts can therefore only be realised in the presence of lime salts. Our investigations have further demonstrated, that the most favor-
1) This article appears also in the Bulletin of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University, Vol. VIII. No. 8, 1907.
2) It is true, some few adhere to the opinion, only holding good for aquatic plants, that the osmotic laws determine the amount and kind of the necessary nutrients to be absorbed. But the current of transpiration plays a more important role than that for the land plants and it brings into the plant body much more mineral matter than needed.
ina tl
Apatt, 1907.) LOEW & ASO.—ON PHY, S7 OL. BALANCED SOLUTIONS. 69
able development of plants depends among other things upon a certain quantitative ratio of lime to SS available to Ee LOOt.” ;
We have proved by water, sand and soil culture that an excess of lime as well as an excess of magnesia beyond that best ratio,—the lime factor—depresses the yield of various crops more or less and have pointed out that the determination of magnesia in partial soil analyses is as important as that of lime—but thus for not much attention was paid to this im- portant principle. The law of physiologically balanced solutions was clear before our mind, and no doubt also was this law regarded by GODLEWSKI, SCHROTTER and others when they tried to find by field experiment the best ratio of nitrogen to phosphoric acid and potassa for certain crops.”
“Heavy doses of strongly nitrogenous manures also neces- sitate heavy doses of phosphoric acid to annihilate the injurious effect of nitrogen, fore us; similar utterances are numerous in agricultural reports. We must call attention to this, because that law of physio-
” is a statement copied from a book just be-
logically balanced solutions was recently claimed as a new discovery.”
There may be a slight distinction made Ed a ah logically balanced solution for the maintenance of life only and one which would insure the best development of plants; only the latter is of course of importance.
As that author further did not distinguish different pheno- mena relating to this subject, we must enter upon a fancier discussion.
1 Cf. Flora, 1892 p. 381; ibid. 1903 p. 498 and 1905 p. 336; Landw. Vers.- Stationen 1892, vol. 41 p. 467; Landw. Jahrbticher 1902 p. 561; ibid. 1905 p. 131 and 1906 p. 527; Zeitschrift fd. Landw’ Versuchswesen in Oesterreich, 1905. Cf. further Loew and May, Bul. No. 1 Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington 1901; and the Bulletins of this College, vol. LV p. 861-381; ibid. V p. 495-502; ibid. VI, p. 97-124 and p. 347; ibid. VII p. 8-12 and p. 57-65.
2) Also here at this College some years ago an experiment was made by Bahadur to find the most suitable ratio of N to P,O, for barley in soil culture) ef. this Bulletin VI, No. 4).
3) As physiologically balanced solutions were mentioned by that author blood and sea water.
70 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 248.
That there exist very intimate, special relations between lime and magnesia in their role as plant nutrients becomes evident from the fact that magnesium salts are not poisonous at all for those lower forms of alge and fungi which do not require lime for life and propagation.”
In perfect accordance with this behavior is that to oxalates which only are poisonous for plant life from the higher alge upwards, but not for the lowest forms of alge, flagellate and fungi. The most characteristic property of oxalates being the withdrawal of lime from lime compounds” it becomes clear that lime must assume a very important position in the or- ganised structure, as soon as a certain stage of differentiation to higher forms is reached.
In regard to marine alge which doubtless belong to the higher alge Duggar” in a series of interesting investigations has observed that magnesium salts exert but a very weak toxic effect. But it must be taken into account that in his experiments magnesium sulphate was dissolved in sea water
which contains already lime, further that a relatively small-
amount of lime can depress the toxic action of a considerably larger amount of magnesia and finally that the marine alge contain more lime than magnesia.” This surplus of lime in the plants can also depress the toxic effects of entering magnesia. It must be borne in mind that sea water is richer in magnesia than in lime (ratio=3.8:1) and that marine alge, in order to adapt themselves to this unfavorable condition, must accumu- late lime in their cells, which may be done in the form of organic salts.”
り Lower forms of algze do not require “ physiologically balanced solutions” since they can deyelop in a 4% solution of magnesium sulphate in presence of more traces of N, K,O and P.O, (Pulmella, Ulothrix). These forms even can develop in a 5% solution of manganese sulphate and can adapt themselves gradually to a 4% solution of NAct.
2) On the similar behavior of sodium fluorid, cf. Flora 1905, p. 386.
4) Trans. Acad. Se. to St. Louis, vol. XVI. No. 8.
4) Gédechens, Ann. Chem. Pharm. 1854. Also Bul. No. 1., Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington 1901.
») We avoid here the term “ion,” since this may confer a wrong idea. In regard to the electorolytic dissociation theory compare the important investigations of Lonis Kahlenberg.—
Aprit, 1907.) LOHW & ASO.—ON PHYSIOL. BALANCED SOLUTIONS. Th
The theory of one of us as to the functions of lime and magnesia in plants assumes the existence of calcium protein compounds in the tectonic of the nucleus” and chloroplasts of the higher plant forms and ascribes to magnesia the role to mediate in the assimilation of phosphoric acid when nnucleo- proteids and lecithin are to be formed from anorganic phos- phates. The theory further has pointed out that a certain excess of magnesium salts will act on the lime compound in the nucleus, replacing calcium by magnesium and changing thereby the capacity of the nucleus for imbibition, leads to disorganisation and death, while on the other hand an undue excess of lime will retain the phosphoric acid and prevent the formation of magnesium phosphate, of this important com- pound for the assimilation of phosphoric acid.”
We had never observed such intimate relations as evi- dently exist between the physiological functions of lime and magnesia, also to exist between potassa and magnesia. How-
ever recently not only a toxic action of potassium salts for
plants was assumed to exist but also an antitoxic action of potassa to magnesia. These observations were, however, not made with phenogams but only with Spirogyra and gemme
1) The view of some authors that lime salts are only required for certain processes of metabolism in the plants cannot be upheld. It might be objected, e.g., that in this case strontium salts should be capable to replace calcium salts, which is however impossible; these act injuriously, in absence of lime salts. Cf. O. LozEw, The Phy- siological RoOle of Mineral Nutrients, II Edition, pp. 46 and 54 U. S. Dept of Agriculture, 1908; and U. Suzuxt, this Bulletin IV, No. 1. Manganese salts act evidently in the same way poisonously as magnesium salts do. In accordance therewith a poisonous effect for all plants from the higher alge upwards is noticed and no poisonous effect for lower algee and fungi. Thus Palmella-forms and Ulothrix-like filaments can grow in a 5% solution of manganese sulphate, while Spirogyra is killed by solutions weaker than 0.1%.
2) Since it was recently shown by WrrrSsrATTER (Ann. Chem, 390, p. 46) that the molecule of chlorophyll contains magnesium it follows that magnesium has still another function to perform. WILLSTATTER ascribes to it a réle in the assimilation of carbon. Since, however, postassa is also indispensable for the assimilation process, as has been shown long ago by Nosgs, it may be possible that both these metals must be present in the transformation of CO, into organic compounds. It deserves mention- ing, that BERtTHELOT (1906) has observed especially in the leaves, potassium compounds insoluble in water.
~] lo
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 143,
of Lunularia, further only with one potassium salt, the chlorid.” ba |
When one of us made his first studies in this line (1892) the behavior of magnesium salts to potassium salts and sodium salts was of course compared with that to calcium salts. No toxic action of potassium salts had been observed however, while a retarding action of potassium salts was observed in one case and an accelerating action in another, on the toxic action of magnesium salts. The experiment was the following. In a 0.2 per mile solution of magnesium sulphate Spirogyra communis died in 5-7 days, while upon addition of 0.1 per mile dipotassium phosphate in 15-18 days and on the other hand upon addition of 0.1 p.m. monopotassium phosphate in 3 days. In a solution of 0.2% monopotassium phosphate and even on further addition of 0.2% KNO, the alga can remain alive for a series of weeks.” But already at a concen- tration of 1% and a temperature of 12—20° various salts are injurious which are harmless at 0.2—0.5 per cent. At 4-6°C the resistance power is greater, especially with the larger kinds. Further a gradual adaptation may be reached. Spirogyra cells that had been kept in 0.5% NaCl solution can resist a 1% solution longer than otherwise.
Effects of physiologically not balanced culture solutions on alge (Spirogyra) were observed years ago by one of us. Thus it was noticed that a considerable preponderance of lime over magnesia retarded the cell division; an undue preponderance of phosphoric acid and nitrogen over potassa rendered starch
1) Cf. V. OsreruHAvt, vol. II. No. 11 of the Publications of the University. of California, 1906.—
2) The salts applied should be chemically pure. Often a very faint trace of copper is present, when the salts had been recrystallised from common distilled water. Only water distilled from glass vcssels should serve for recrystallisation. In such distilled water Spirogyra can remain alive for a very long time. The flasks for the tests with Spirogyra should be first washed with hydrochloric acid, then with this distilled water. The amount of solution applied should not be too small. Generally 100 ce. served for a small number of filaments, because otherwise some dying filaments losing nutrient compounds by exosmosis can thus influence the resistance power of the neighboring filaments.
Aprit, 1907.) LLOHW & ASO—ON PHYSIOL. BALANCED SOLUTIONS. VR
accumulation in the chloroplast impossible, all carbhydate pro- duced by assimilation of carbon being at once transformed into protein required for the rapid growth; on the other hand a surplus of potassa led to a considerable accumulation of starch, when nitrogen was present in a minimum amount, while an undue simultaneous maximum of nitrogen and potassa led to the accumulation of much protein’? in vacuole and cytoplasm, and but little starch becomes visible.
Under certain conditions the chloroplast grows more rapidly than the cytoplasm, finally filling this out entirely and render- ing the nucleus invisible; under other conditions again the cytoplasm grows more than the chloroplast, the latter chang- ing its spiral form finally to a straight line.”
Again in certain culture solutions the cytoplasm is rendered turbid from fine precipitates of phosphates, in others again the filaments break up into single cells, which remain perfectly healthy. The phenomenon is in many cases due to increased turgor.”
Some of the many trials? may here be mentioned. As favor- able culture solutions served the following:
1) This protein is of very labil nature. Cf. O. Logw and Th. BokoRNy in ,, Die chemische Energie der lebenden Zellen” by O. Losw.
2) During such observations, attention must be paid to the presence of Chritridia, parasites which easily perforate the cell-walls of Spirogyra. Brown has observed over 20 species attacking various alge. Sometimes Spirogyra is attacked also by Pseudospora, which is a mixomycet according to Zopf. These parasites may often be destroyed by placing the alge for 1-2 days in a 1 per mille solution of phenol in wellwater, Parasites will doubtlus, become most abundant after a portion of the Spirogyra cells present had died, furnishing by exosmose from the vacuole organic nutrients for the parasites. outside and attracting them to the filaments. The presence of infusoria is favorable as they (especially Vorticella) devour Chytridia.
3) This phenomenon was also observed when Spirogyra was kept in very moist air, i.e. under a bell-jar spread on moss, thoroly moistened. Once it was observed by us also by touching the filaments with very dilute OsO,. W. BENEcKE made especial studies on this subject. J. w. Bot. 1898.
4) Spirogyra is very sensitive to ammonium salts, especially in weak alkaline culture solutions, while nitrates may serve well as source of nitrogen even at concen- trations of 0.22%. Monoammoniumphosphate which is of acid reaction, may at a concentration not higher than 0.0522 serve, however, as a source of nitrogen in weak acid culture solutions.
at a pee eae) ey ee ー "4 : _- =F や 2) | - h é { * * z ‘
| -~ys
74 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 243. a b
a wa rem ST
FO POS, OAI 0.1 Fe A. 0.1 p. mille. いい 0 Oe ee oh CN CO うら scx eee 0.2 es seas OF ei ae 2
Me SQ; SS QO. 2 Bt oto re, Ok peo wee
Peso) cee ee trace ovvcc.. 500 trace
Mo Ho (CG... — Fe wane Oa
When in solution (a) the potassium nitrate was replaced by 0.3 p.m. mono-ammonium phosphate the development was somewhat abnormal, some cells reaching a great length before cell division took place. Also unusually much tannin accumu- lated. : |
In the following solution some Spirogyra cells showed a change of the cylindrical shape to a barrel shape, globular formations appeared in the cells, and numerous rhizoids were produced. Death resulted after a few weeks. That solution
was: NaLRO 2 ote. ++. meena 1. per mille: NEW 5 EO Oa eer 3G さい MS SO 5 iD aren aan CalINO 0 ale ales NOE aire Niches +2 as Cra) a FS SOs. e3cee. +. trace
It was of weak alkaline nature, and with lime in the minimum. Potassa did not counteract the toxic effects of magnesia, as an increase of lime would have done, in accord- ance with our former observations.
In the following solution the effect of an excess of lime on the growth of the chloroplast became especially noticeable:
PO 0).1 per mille. CaSO 1 DPE annem ss 0 =, ame Ca(NOg) 5 spisnsivss- i nme ds “DEO Baier 了 の MS Oud. 3,55 ae PPS hese eines ees 3 eee trace.
The growth of the cytoplasm and the cell division were here much retarded, the increase of the number of cells was
Jpsrr。 197, LOEW & ASO.ON PHYSIOL. BALANCED SOLUTIONS. 75
slow buat the chloroplast continued to grow so that it filled out all available space in the cytoplasm and in some cells it grew beyond that causing an irregular form of the spiral by the pressure of growth.
In the following solution with a relative preponderance of potassa and nitrogen a great deal of protein was formed and stored in the vacuole and cytoplasm, the starch produced by assimilation of carbon being rapidly utilised for that purpose, therefore only little was seen of it in the chloroplast. Growth of the filaments was not very energetic, as phosphoric acid and magnesia were in the minimum. That solution was:
SING re es... eee 0 5 per miulle. ONG Fe ieee... 5. cgeeee Ossie Saas Eo. cc O05). 5; _ 1 OS e RS . 、/、 .、 5 Se trace.
We have recently also made further observations on the effect of imperfect solutions on Spirogyra nitida, one of the larger species. The concentrations of these solutions were mostly below 0.5% and did in no case reach 1%. A small number of filaments of 6-10cm. length was placed in 100cc. of . the solutions prepared with water distilled from glass vessels. The temperature varied from 8-22°C. The flasks were exposed to direct sunlight, later on only to diffused but bright day- light.
The figures in parenthesis in the following table signify the percentage of anhydrous salt; they stand mostly in simple relation to the molecular weights.
Me SO, (0.2)
Mg(NO。)。(0.2) All cells killed in 2-4 days.
Me C1, (0.2)
76 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI No. 243,
K 1(0.1) All cells healthy after 10 weeks.
All cells healthy for 3 weeks, then a gradual change
K CI(0.3 of the chloroplast-spiral took place, it contracted, eh by moved to the cell ends and formed an longer starch.
Gradually also the nucleus suffered.)
K NO, (0.15) All cells normal and rich in starch after 15 days; nae h Sa Ws a\ later on gradual death; some cells alive after 42 days
A number of cells still perfectly healthy after 50 K,SO, (0.3) days. Injury commenced after 28 days. Parasites numerous, like in the former case.
All cells alive after 80 days. In a few cells the Ca Cl, (0.2) nucleus has moved to the wall. Much starch, no parasites. Gradual death afterwards.
Ca(NO。)。(0.2) All cells healthy after 50 days, no parasites.
All cells healthy after 80 days, no parasites. Later
Ca(SO, )(0.2) on the filaments became yellowish. Much starch.
Later on gradual death.
Most cells killed after 10 days; the still living show chlorophyll body attacked, its lobes being retracted and sometimes the spiral torn into fragments, But
K Cl(0.15)+Mg Cl, (0.1)
such injured cells were still alive 4 weeks later.
1) Such injured cells had still the normal turgor, but the nucleus and very probably also the chlorophyll body were killed. The nucleus had contracted to an irregularshaped mass and was lying on the side. Such cases were observed years ago by one of us when highly diluted solutions of oxalie acid acted on the cells. These cells with the cytoplasm alive and the nucleus killed recalled GrerAsstmows Spirogyra cells without any nucleus obtained by the influence of low lemperature or ansesthetics after the cell division had made a start. The substance contained in the chlorophyll body may serve to sustain the life of the cytoplasm in case the assimilation of carbon in the former had ceased. Such cells without nucleus are capable to live for six weeks (GERASSIMOW).
Het
Apnit, 1907.] . LOEW & ASO—ON PHYSIOL, BALANCED SOLUTIONS. 4
All cells healthly for 30 days; half the cells dead after
50 days. The living cells have now received nutrients
Se id perhaps also lime from the decaying dead cells K,SO,(0-3)+Mg SO, (0.2 oe Pics eae , NANA 0 as was clearly evinced by the cell-division taking place here and there. Much starch noticed in these cells,
after 60 days. Some rhizoids. り
Most cells killed in 17 days; the injured cells have living cytoplasm but dead nucleus; all cells killed after 30 days.
KN O,(0.15)+Mg(NO,), (0.2) (1 Mol.: 1 Mol.)
After 25 days healthy. After 50 days about half the
K NO, (0.5)+ Mg SO, (0.2) cells killed, while the living cells show swollen nucleus.
(1 Mol.: 1 Mol.) Chlorophyll body attacked, forming no starch in sunlight, hence probably dead.
About 10% of the cells alive after 3 days, while
Na, SO, (0.23) + Mg SO, (0.2 ge ee Men, (02) without Na,SO, all killed in 3 days.
K NO, (0.15)-+ Ca(NO,), (0.2) Most cells alive after 50 days; nucleus normal in all cells.
Many rhizoids had formed. Cells almost all alive after
50 days, they have grown in length more than in any
K,SO,(0.3)+Ca SO, (0.2) one of the cases mentioned here; nucleus in most cells
normal but Chlorophyll body often somewhat emaciated,
with change of the spiral shape.
Almost all the cells after 50 days perfectly normal and pe) TC alND,)2(0.2) healthy starch present. Very few Chytridia.
All cells healthy for 30 days, a few filaments injured after 50 days showing emaciated and distrupted MgSO, (0.2)+Ca(NO,),(0.4 G Be 2NO7。0 う chlorophyll body and displaced contracted nucleus.
The healthy cells show starch.
1) Thus far rhizoid formations were observed by us in solutions containing : Ca(NO,), +(NH,).SO, (0.002%) or CaSO,+K.S0,, or Mg SO,+K,S0, but in no case、in any of these compounds alone. Sulphates seem to be essential for that phenomenon. It deserves to be mentioned that in the numerous cases of imperfect culture solutions we observed only in gypsum solution and in 0.19 KCl solution that the filaments of Spirogyra showed the phenomenon of geotropism. Spirogyra sometimes shows the phenomenon of heliotaxis. One of us (L.) has noticed that Spirogyra filaments lying on the bottom of a flask moved with great rapidity into a nearly vertical position, when the first rays of the morning sun reached them.
78 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 243,
Me Cl, (0.1)+Ca C1,(0.2) About 95 per cent of all the cells after 80 days per- あえ み さく so a fectly normal.
Meg SO, (0.2)-+Ca SO,(0.2) All cells normal after 50 days. Later on a yellowing
ea ae sce Mate) CNL Ay
set in. No rhizoids. No parasites.
Remainel healthy for 32 days, but later on many cells died, and those cells that lived after 50 days showed Mg(NO,).(0.2)+K,SO0,(0.01) | injury to chloroplast and displaced nucleus. No further
+Ca(NO,).(0.04) starch formation was possible. The effect of a relative excess of magnesia was evident. No rhizoids were observed.)
It will be seen from fhis table that the cells remain alive and healthy in solutions of calcium salts at a concentration of 0.2% and further that the poisonous action of magnesium salts can only be prevented by certain doses of calcium salts. It will be further noticed that potassium salts can retard but not prevent the toxic action of magnesium salts, which influence is more noticeable when both bases (or one of them) are present as sulphates than in other cases. Jt would be, however, not be justified to give the same explanation for both cases of counteraction without close examination. One might, e.g., suppose that potassium-protein compounds” in the living matter can exchange their potassium against magnesium and that this might lead to a similar disturbance as by the sub- stitution of the calcium of the nucleus for magnesium. Such an explanation would demand the proof that the assumed potassium protein-compound forms really on essential part of the tectonic of living matter; it might merely be loosely con- nected with the structural elements and in that case the sub-
1) Jt must be not lost slight of in these experiments that a living cell can extract through the separating wall, from a neighboring cell in a dying condition, various compounds of organic and anorganic nature and thus become able to a prolonged resistance under unfayorable conditions.
2) The existence of such compounds in the living cells was assumed by one of us long ago, cf: ‘Ihe Physiological Rdle of the Mineral Nutrients, p. 27, Washington 1899. Die chemische Energie der lebenden Zellen I Edition p. 384. The assumption that such a protein compound would be necessary for the chemical condensation processes in all cells does not exclude Willsiitters view on the r6le of Mg in the chlorophyllbody.
Avni, 1907.1 LOEW & ASO—ON PHYSIOL. BALANCED SOLUTIONS. 79
stitution of its potassium by magnesium would not lead to a collapse of the tectonic, as is the case of the calcium-protein compound of the nucleus when its calcium is replaced by magnesium. Further, that hypothesis would necessarily imply that calcium salts must also act poisonously, which is not the case. The alge cells showed even much starch after 2 months in a 0.2% solution of CaCl,.
It is much more probable that the retardation of the toxic action of Mg-salts by K-salts is due to the property of forming donble salts with potassium. These double salts may exert less energy in a similar way as also Mg-bicarbonate exerts less toxical energy on Spirogyra than many other Mg-salts do.” It is stated (of Muspratt’s Chemistry) that a very stable double salt is formed by both the sulphates of Mg and K, but not by those of Mg. and Na.”” This would explain, why the alge live longer in the mixture of Mg and K sulphates than in that of the nitrates or chlorids; in the latter cases so well defined double salts as with the sulphates have not been obtained but the existence in the solutions of the mixture is more probable than for the mixture of magnesium and sodium salts. |
Still another hypothesis may be considered which however does not exclude the former. It is possible that potassium salts can attach themselves to the calciumproteincompounds of nucleus and chloroplast and thus rendering the calcium more negative diminish its faculty to be substituted by magnesium. Further investigations are necessary.” So much follows from our various experiments with water and soil cultures that the
1) We have observed that magnesium-potassium sulphate acts on calcium carbonate at 90° much more slowly than magnesium sulphate alone does.
2) A double salt of Mg and Na-sulphate can only be obtained in presence of much Mg Cl。, but as soon as the double salt is treated with water, it undergoes a splitting into the two simple sulphates.—In coincidance therewith is the fact that sodium sulphate cannot essentially (a few days only) retard the toxic action of magnesium sulphate for Spirogyra.
3) In comparing the peculiarity observed in the mixture of KCl+MgCl, (see table), that the cytoplasm can remain alive long after the death of nucleus (and chloroplast) it seems probable that potassium salts can also increase the resistance power of the cytoplasm to disturbing influences in the cell.
80 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. ‘Vel. See
action of potassium salts, can not be identified with that of calcium salts in counteracting the injurious action of magne- sium salts, although that retarding action of potassium salts can also be observed with phenogams. Young harley plants of 8cm. hight were carefully deprived of the endosperm in order to exclude the influence of stored up mineral matter, and placed into the following solutions (3 in each flask):
I 0.4% Mg(NO。)。.
II 0.4% Mg(NO。)。+0.2% CaSO,
IIT 0.4% Mg(NO;),.+0.2% K,SO,,
IV 0.4% K。SO。.
After 7 days the plants in I were dead, after 15 days two of the plants were dead in III, after 30 days the third was perfectly yellow and 11 days later it died. In IV two of the plants died after 28 days, the last after 36 days, while in II (Ca+Mg) each plant had three green healthy leaves after 8 days, while the oldest leaves only had died off. The most remarkable difference was however the growth of the root in this case from 6cm. to 14cm. while in the other three solutions growth had stopped altogether. These plants were still alive five weeks later, the old leaves died, but young one started anew.
A similar experiment was made with young pea plants. Here only those plants developed branches and reached the flowering stage, which were placed in the solution II. These plants increased in height 20cm., those in III only 6-8cm,, while those in I and IV stopped growth and died gradually.
When the endosperm of barely shoots is not removed it will take much longer until the toxic effect of magnesium salts causes death. Thus such barley seedings of 6-8cm. height, placed in 0.20% Mg(NO。)。were still alive after 18 days, although the leaves had almost entirely turned yellow. By the simultaneous presence of 0.25% KNO, this yellowing had not yet develop- ed so far as in the former case, but it had spread over nearly one half of the leaf area; the former plants died after 31 days, the latter after 40. As to the alleged toxic action of potassium salts may be mentioned that when barley seedlings are deprived
Aran, 197) LOEW & ASO—ON PHYSIOL. BALANCED SOLUTIONS. 81
of the rest of the endosperm after they had reached 18cm., they can remain 2-3 months alive, if they are placed in 0.5% solutions of KNO,, KCI or K。SO4, a sure proof that the as- sertion of the toxic action of potassium salts is unfounded; the older leaves die, but new ones develop, utilising mineral food from the dying leaves. Similar experiments were made with seedlings of maize, which were still alive 7 weeks after being placed in a 0.5% solution of K,SO,.
The antitoxic action of K to Mg is, furthermore, too weak to play any decisive role in manuring. We recognised, e.g., the law that the common cereals thrive best when the available amounts of lime and magnesia are about equal. If now potas- sium salts would exert any notable action in the sense men- tioned, the maximum harvest would have been obtained with very much less lime in those cases where the potassium salts of the manure were increased. But as a matter of fact the same lime factor was observed at very different amounts of potassium salts in the manure. Some influence of potassium- sulphate can however be recognised so long as the plants are young. Six pots each holding 2 kilo of an exhausted loam soil received the following general manure: 0.8¢. K,SO,; 0.5g. Na,HPO,; 0.8g. NH4,NOs, while the special manure consisted in:
T No further addition.
iP. 52. KCI.
III 10g. artificial magnesium carbonate.
RW a :, - +10g. KCl. 0 が 53 5 + 5g. KS0
NLA *;, a - a +1002, CacOz”
Two pots, each with 5 barley plants served for each case. The seed was sown Oct. 30. The fresh weight of the young plants on March 16 yielded in average the following figure, g:
i= 95 ore io II _ =5.0 BE eS | G2 oer
1) This large quantity was required on account of the great availability of the magnesia in the artificial magnesium carbonate. The original soil contained 0.476
MgO and 0.5% CaO.
@ < bo
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI, No, 243,
It will be seen that the increase of the potassa in the form of sulphate exerted some counteraction on the depression by an excess of magnesia but only lime was able to counteract fully that injurious effect.
A similar experiment was made with spinach. After one month the young plants had reached only 2cm. in height at the excess of magnesia and at this excess + an extradose of 5g. KCl per pot, the average height was quite the same, while at the addition of calcium carbonate, the average height was 上 上.6 cm.
SUMMARY.
1. The view recently expressed that ‘‘ physiologically bal- anced solutions have not been made use of by botanists,’’ can hardly be sustained, since Knop’s culture solution must be regarded as such a solution. Lower forms of alge and fungi do not require physiologically balanced solutions.
2. Potassium sulphate and nitrate are only injurious for plants when the concentration is abnormally high. Potassium chlorid at 0.38% exerts after several weeks a slow injurious effect on Spirogyra, but on Phenogams not for many weeks, even at 0.5%.
The final death of Spirogyra cells in dilute solutions of potassium sulphate or nitrate is merely due to the one sided nutrition and exhaustion.— |
3. Potassium salts can retard but not prevent the toxic effects of magnesium salts. The cause of this retardation is entirely different from the prevention of this toxic action by calcium salts.
4. Some interesting observations may be made on Spiro- gyra kept in imperfect culture solutions. Thus, e.g., in a solution containing only KCl and MgCl, the cytoplasm can remain long alive after the nucleus is killed, recalling GERAssI- mow’s cells without a nucleus; in a solution containing only K,SO, and CaSO, abundance of rhizoids is formed. This rhizoid formation depended in our cases only upon the salts in solution, while in other cases it depends upon the contact with
Arrin, 1907.1 LOEW & ASO—ON PHYSIOL. BALANCED SOLUTIONS. 83
an object, as BoRes and Kny have observed. In saturated gypsum solution the tendency to show geotropism is strongly preserved and the cells continue to produce an abundance of starch even after the chloroplasts have gradually turned yellow. This starch formation can be considered as proof that neither potassium nor magnesium of the chloroplast had been replaced by calcium. This yellowing is not observed in the solution of -0.2% CaCl, even after three months. |
5. Interesting effects can be observed with Spirogyra kept in full, but not balanced culture solutions.
Japanese Species of Triuridacee. (Preliminary Note) By
Tokutaro Ito, Rigaku-Hakushi.
Mr. Makino, in 1902, published in this Macazing, the first record of the occurrence of a new species of Triuridaceae in Japan. This was followed, in 1905, by a second species, also new, from the Island of Shikoku. The genus Sciaphila, to which both species were referred, including as it does about thirty species representing so much diversity in the structure of flowers, suffered some confusion. Recent investigation, by Mr. W. Bortinc Hemstey, F. R. S.,” however, has cleared up this point, and the establishment by him of a new genus, Seychellaria, seems consequently to require the re-examination of the described species. Short studies on the Japanese species have led me to make the following suggestions :—
1. Seychellaria japonica = mihi.
Sciaphila japonica Maxtno in Tokyo Bot. Mag. vol. XVI, 1903, p. 211, et vol. XIX, 1905, p: 141; Marsumura, Tadexia Jap. vol. Ij p.3i5
Japan: Hondo, in the provinces of Isé and Owari; also in the Islands of Shikoku and Kytishi.
This appears to me a valid species, coming close to S. nana (Blume),” from which, however, the Japanese plant differs by the flowers having caudate-acuminate perianth-lobes. It is also allied to the figures of S. macra. (Schlechter et Schumann), in SCHUMANN and Lavurersacu’s “Nachtrage zur Flora der
1) W. Borrinc Hemstey: Two new Triuridaceae, with some Remarks on the Genus Sciaphila, Blume. (Annals of Botany, vol. XXXI, 1907, pp. 71-77, with 2 plates).
2) ©, L. Brume: Musenm Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum, vol. I, 1851, p. 322, t. 48.
APRIL, 1907.] ITO.—_ JAPANESE SPECTES OF TRIURIDACEZL. j 85
Deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Sudsee,’ from which the Japanese species differs by its elongate, filiform style as well as by the number of stamens. |
I may take this opportunity of tendering my best thanks to Mr. Makino for a specimen, perhaps a cotype, of this intersting species.
2. Seychellaria tosaensis mihi. Sciaphila tosaensis MAkrNo in Tokyo Bot. Mag. vol. XIX, 1905, p. 140. Japan: the Island of Shikoku. More ample materials are much needed to make the final decision of the generic position of this second, but none the less interesting species.
Tue Iro BoTANICAr INSTITUTE, TOKYO, JAPAN. 3 April, 1907.
Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 34.)
By
T. Makino.
Assistant in the Botanical Institute, Science College, Imperial University of Tokyo.
Zanthoxylum Hemsleyanum Makino nom. nov.
Zanthoxylum emarginellum Hemsley in Ann. Bot. IX. (1895) p. 149; Bretschn. Hist. Europ. Bot. Disc. China (1898) p. 36; Henry, List. Pl. Formos. p. 25, non Mid.
Fagara emarginella Engl. in Engler et Prantl, Nat. Pfl_—_Fam. II. 4 (1896) p. 118; non Zagthoxylum emarginellum M iq. [ Zanthoxyllum sp. Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIII. p. 108 (1886).
Hab. Formosa.
Distrib. China.
Zanthoxylum emarginellum Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Batay. III. (1867) p. 22, et Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 2105 Fiamma et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. p.73.=Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. et Zucc. Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. in Abhandl. Akad. Muench. IV. 2 (1843) p. 188; Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.—Batav. III. p. 22, et Prol. Fl. Jap. 210; Franch, et Sav. Enum. Pl. Japa 72; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIII. p. 105; Henry, List Pl. Formos. p: 25.
Fagara ailanthoides Engler in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pfl.-Fam. III. 4 (1896) p. 118.
Hab. Japan; common in the sonthern parts.
Z. emarginellum Maiq. is unquesionably the juvenile from of Z. ailanthoides Sieb. et Zucc. Tn the former the petiole, rachis, costa (in the under surface of leaflets) and even the stem are
a De 3 - Bis. の
apert; 1907.7 MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 87
always beset with prickles, and the leaflet is much narrower and thinner.
Clematis (Flammula) Takedana Makino sp. nov.
Stem herbaceous, sarmentose, slender, angulato-striate, ad- pressed-puberulent. Leaves opposite, long-petiolate, trisected ; segments subcordate or truncato-rounded, the terminal one long- and the lateral ones short-petiolulate, 3-lobate, coarsely dentate with a cuspidate tipped teeth, acuminate, subglabrous above, thinly pubescent beneath. Panicle equal to leaves in length, eymoso-paniculate, loosely many flowered; peduncle slender, adpressed-puberulent: pedicels gracile, longer than the flowers, minutely pubescent, 3—chotomous or several-fasciculated, erect- patent ; bracts small, sometimes foliaceous ; bracteoles minute. Flowers hermaphrodite, about 14cm. long, dull violet; flower-bud elliptical-oblong, slightly enlarged above, obtuse at the top. Sepals arcuato-reflexed, densely puberulous externally, glabrous internally, linear-oblong, scarcely spathulate, obtuse, 7—nerved (3 nerves stronger), with reticulated veins toward the apex. | Stamens numerous, 7-Imm. long; anther apiculato-obtuse at the apex; filament longer than the anther, linear, pilosulate above. Pistils shorter than the stamens; ovary hairy; style long-hairv : stigma linear-oblong.
Nom. Jap. Murasaki-botandzuru.
Hab. Prov. SHinano (H. Takeda! Aug. 28, 1905).
This species seems to me to come between Clematis apitolia DC. and C. heracleefolia DC. var. stans (Sieb. et Zucc.). Ihave named this rare and interesting species in honour of Mr. Hisa- yoshi Takeda, who kindly sent me the specimen.
Clematis heraclesefolia DC. var. Hookeri (Decne.).
Clematis Hookeri Decne. in Nouv. Achiv. du Mus., Ser. 2, IV. p. 206, tab. 11, excl. syn. C. tubulosa Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 4.269.
Clematis tubulosa var. Hookeri Hook. fil. Bot. Mag. tab. 6801 (1885).
CO CO
?Clematis tubulosa Turcz. ex Decne. 1.c. p. 204, tab. 9.
Clematis heraclezefolia var. speciosa Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, VI. (1892) pp. 50, 170.
Stem ligneous; branches angulato-striate, pubescent or then more or less glabrate. Leaves large, long-petiolate, trisected, coarsely depressed-crenato-dentate with an apiculate point, coriaceo-chartaceous, dispersedly puberulent above, piloso-pubes- cent on nerves beneath; terminal segment long-petiolate, oval- ovate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, cuneato- or truncato-rounded, or subcordato-truncate at the base, sometimes trilobed ; lateral segments smaller and short-petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, subcordato- or cuneato-truncate at the base, oblique in form. Panicle shorter than the leaves; peduncle tomentoso- pubescent; bracts small, sericeo-tomentose. Flowers pedicellate, ceeruleo-violaceous, about 2-2』 cm. long; pedicels shorter or longer than the flowers, pubescent. Sepals 4, angustate, strong- ly reflexed above, sericeous externally. Stamens shorter than half the length of the sepals. | Flowers October.
Nom. Jap. O-kusabotan.
Hab. Prov. Tosa in Shikoku (7. Makino! K. Watanabe!).
In Japan this is not yet known from any locality outside of Tosa.
(To be continued.)
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI, No, 248,
ac oe —_
CONTENTS.
=K. Okamura :—Some ie tocetns and Peragallia of Japan. _ 9 Toew and K. Aso:—Benzoesaure in Pinguicula vulgaris.
| Arncrms IN JAPANESE : ーー XK Okamura :—Some Chetoceras and Petagatt of Japan? Ss ‘Kusano --Exobasidium- Diseases of Symplocos japonica DC.
Correnr LireraT ure : ーー
NL. Gardner, Cytological studies in Cyanophyceew.—M. A. Guil- | Hprmond; oo a l’etude Cytologique des AND3OESS (140)
| Miserixaxnovs ー
1 short sketch’ of the life of Prof. Ikeda.—A list of Plants of _ North-eastern Provinces.—Personals, etc. 。 。 、 。 .。。 ぃ 。 . .G41)
M
、PRocpspmwes OF THE TOKYO BOTANICAL SOCIETY.
ee : The Botanical Magazine is published monthly. Subscription price per annum (wel. postage) for Europe 10 francs (=8 shillings), and for America 2 dollars. All letters and communications to be addressed to the TOKYO BOTANICAL SOCIETY, - Botanical Institute, Botanie Garden, Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan. Remt- _ tances from foreign countries to be made by postal money orders, payable in Tokyo to Ss. UIgO Botanic Garden, Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan.
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en Wissenschaften die Aufforderung, diesen Plan durch Stiftung ‘. ound ‘Sammlung von Beitragen verwirklichen zu helfen. a Zor Entgegennahme von Beitragen haben sich bereit erklart | - : と ”。 。 Oesterreich, Deutschland, Frankreich, RuBland, ais und ftir die Schweiz:
eProf: Dr. ERICH v. TSCHERMAK, Prasident des internationalen Komitees, Wien, XIX.,
ee aiele fir Bodenku tur.
_ England: Prof. W. Barrson, Grantchester- Cambribge, Merton House.
ee ak ~ ‘Japan: Prof. M. Mryosxt, Tokio, Imperial University.
es ane Amerika: Prof. C. B. DAVENPORT, Cold Spring Harbor; Long Island, N. J. 5 る Uz は. A., Carnegie Institution Department of Experimental Biology. * Diinemark, Norwegen und Schweden: Prof: Dr. O. RosENBERG, Stockholm
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l'Université de Be l'un de big brillants professeurs ;, a ie の Science, l’une de ses plus hautes illustrations.
Surpris au milieu de son activité “scientifique, L&o ERRERA avait cependant déja réalisé une somme de travail considérable. Ses recherche sur la pollination des fleurs, 1'etude de la localisation des alcaloides chez les végétaux, la découverte du glycogéne chez les champignons, Vapplica-_ tion a la physiologie des théories récentes de la physique moléculaire, — pare
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qui ont efficacement travaillé a Tavancement de la Science. RS ape “8 La ne s’est pas bornée sa féconde activité. Il a su imprimer a es
lenseignement de la botanique un cachet» personnel: Ja clarte de son,
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supérieur lui doit, en particulier, la fendation de I’Institut botanique. aa AN Un groupe de ses admirateurs et amis ont pensé qu’ ‘il conviendrait de consacrer par un souvenir durable, la mémoire du savant, du Pro- fesseur, du philanthrope. <a | af Eee Afin de réunir les ressources nécessaires, nous faisons 1 un chaleureux ns appel au concours de tous ceux qui s’intéressent au progrés de la Science, ER
qui est aussi le progres de 1 Humanite.
Les adhésions et souscriptions seront recues par M, J. MASSART rue Albert de la Tour, Bruxelles. : Se
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Some Chaetoceras and Peragallia of Japan.
Pirate III—IV. By
K. Okamura, Rigakuhakushi.
Genus I. Ohaetoeeras Ehb. Subgen. I. Phaeoceras Gran.
Section 1. Atlanticz Ostf.
1. C. atlanticum Cleve. Pl. IV, Figs. 56-63.
Gleve Arete. sea, 18(3.a, p.-11; TI Big 8 a, b; Gran. Diat., 1905, p. 64, Fig. 74.—C. dispar Castr., 1886, Report, p- 76, t. 8, f. 6. 一 C. compactum Schutt, Chet. und Perag., 1895, p. 46, f. 23.
Loc. in Jap.: Prov. Tosa; 40 miles off Shinshirijima (Kurile :
Wate 46° TOWN Long. 151° 40’ E). |
Among our specimens represented in Pl. IV. Figs. 56-63, there are some such as those figured in Figs. 59 and 61-62, which resemble in the forms of the cells very much like C. skeleton ; but the direction of spines are different from that of those of the latter species.—Only I am not sure whether the specimen shown in Fig. 63 is the present species or C. neapolitanum Schrod.
The specimens figured measure as follows: in Figs. 56 and 61, breadth=17 and 35 py, length=10 and 7.54, height of foramen 11 and 12 ん length of horn-root 5 and 7.5 y, respec- tively ; in Fig. 57, breadth and length=10 and 20; in Fig. 58, breadth=22.5—24 4; in Fig. 60, thickness=15 vp.
Section 2. Boreales Ostf.
ク .€. densum. Cleve: Pl. III, Figs. 16-17. Cleve Season Distr., 1901. p. 299 ; Gran., Diat., 1905, p. 67, Fig. 79.—C. boreale vy. Brightwelli Cleve, Arctic sea, 1873 a, t.
QO) THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 144.
2, tf. 7 b-d.—C. boreale v. densa Cleve Treatise, 1897 a, p. 20, Pl. I, Figs. 3-4. Loc. in Jap.: Tateyama in Prov. Boshyu (June, 2, 1906). Breadth and length of cell, 7.5 » and 20 vw, as measured on
the specimen shown in Fig. 16.
3. C. boreale Bail. Pl. III, Figs. 18-20. Cleve, Treatise, 1897 a, p. 20; Pl. I, f..1; Gran.) Diate eae p. 73, Fig. 87.—C. boreale v. Brightwelli Cleve Aretiewsaeay 1873 a, p. 12, Pl. Il, Fig: 7 a (not b—e) ;.Cleve, Treaticegie tne p. 20, Pie. | Loc. in Jap.: Tateyama in Prov. Boshyu (June, 2, 1906). The specimens figured measure: in Fig. 20, breadth=37 yp, length =30-45 »; in Fig. 19, thickness = 26-30 4; thickness of
spine in| Fig. 20, 3.7 ys.
4. C. coarctatum Lauder. Pl. Ill, Figs 25-32.
Lauder, Hongkong, 1864, p. 79, Pl. VIII, Fig. 8 a—b ; Cleve, Java, 1873, p. 9, Pl. I, Fig. 10\a—c ; Cleve, Treatisemieaages p. 20; Gran., Diat., 1905, p. 68, Fig. 80.—C. boreale vy. rudis Cleve Treatise, 1897 a, p. 20, Pl. 1, f. 5.—C. rudis Cleve, Season. Distr. 190L NOSOS:
Our specimens exactly resemble to those which are illustrated in Cleve’s Diat. found on the surface of the Sea of Java Iai: Fig. 10 a—c and the complete specimen has not yet been found. Mr. YENpdo told me that he found a vorticella attached on the body of the plant of this species, whenever he examined it, and I also found it to be the case, At present we do not know what relation exists between the plant and the vorticella.
Loc. in Jap.: Prov. Tosa; Prov. Shima (Aug., 2,905
Shirahama in Prov. Boshyu (May, 1905); Misaki in Prov. Sagami (YENDO).
Breadth, length and thickness of body measure 30-35 p, 45—
50/ and 20-27 » respectively in the specimen shown in Fig. 29.
5. C. criophilum Castr. Pl. III, Figs. 33-37. Castr. Challenger Rep., 1886, p. 78 with figure ; Jorgensen, Protistenplankt. 1901, p. 20; Gran, Diat., 1905, p. 71, Fig. 85.
2 Be [
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May, 1907.] OKAMURA—CHAETO. & PERAGAL. OF JAPAN. 91
Loc.in Tap.: 40 miles off the coast of Shinshirijima (Kurile).
The specimens figured measure: in Fig. 33, breadth=19 yp, length=27; in Fig. 37, diameter=19y; diameter rarely at- tains the length of 40 vp.
6. C. peruvianum Btw. PI. VV, Figs. 67—75. mew, Macrose: Journ. 1856, p. 107; Pl Vil, £ 16-18; Ostf Mar Pl Diat. p. 238 ; Gran., Diat., p. 70, Fig. 84; ete: Loc. in Jap.: Prov. Tosa; Prov. Shima (Feb., 3, 1904) ; Shirahama in Prov. Boshyu (May, 1904). In the specimen shown in Fig. 75 which has longer cell, the breadth of cell measures 17 /.
(ee © wrostractum Wauder. PRAM, Figs 15 a-
Lauder, Hongkong, 1864, p. 79, Pl. VIII, Fig. 10.
Loe. in Jap.: Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 2, 1904).
Length and breadth of cell 30 » and 20 y, as measured on the specimen represented in Fig. 15 a.
8. C. denticulatum Lauder. 選 N ANV Bie 66.
Lauder, Hongkong, 1864, p. 79, Pl. VIII, Fig. 9. 一 Schroder, Warm. Meere, 1906, p. 349, Fig. 14 a.
Loc. in Jap.: Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 2, 1904).
Length and breadth of cell, 32 4 and 15 vw, as measured on the specimen represented in Fig. 66, and 42 z and 20 » in that of Fig. 66a. Valve measures 13x17 in the specimens shown in Fig. 165.
The position of teeth in the narrower and broader form of the present species is misrepresented in the figure given by Schroder, 1.c. Fig. 14a and 6. That represented by Lauder l.c. Fig. 9c is correct. Our figure 66 shows the terminal cell on the anterior end of a chain, while Fig. 66a, that on the posterior.
9. C. nanodenticulatum Sp. nov.
C. denticulatum Lauder Breitere Form in Schroder, Warm. Meere, 1906, p. 350, f. 14 b.
Chain consisting of few cells, straight and not twisted, shorter than broad, length being almost half as broad. Cells oblong
りう THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 244.
when viewed from the valve, with high mantle and sharp edge between valve and mantle. Valve slightly concave in sagittal! longitudinal plane, vaulted in transverse-longitudinal plane. Foramen elliptic-lanceolate. Hoop almost equal to half the length of mantle, not constricted. Horn arising within the corners, with their short roots directed diagonally outward, and! straight in their remaining part, provided with coarse spinules. At the junction-point of both posterior horns of every cell, except the lowest one in a chain, there is a minute tooth-like process by which cells are united together.
Loc. in Jap.: Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 2, 1904).
Hitherto-known: Hongkong (Schroder).
The present species very much resembles Ch. boreale Bail. in general aspect, the difference however being at once manifest im the possession of teeth on posterior horns. It is distinguished. from Ch. denticulatum Lauder by the form and size of cell and
C. nanodenticulatum Sp. nov.
Tig. a: Portion of a chain with terminal cell at the anterior extremity, viewed slightly obliquely, 28°; Fig. b: Junction-point of the same, 222;
Fig. c: Cell seen from the valve, 22°.
May, 907.] OKAMURA.—CHAETO. & PERAGAL. OF JAPAN. 93
foramen, length of hoop, as well as by the direction and length of horn-roots. In Ch. denticulatum form of cell is cylindrical with almost circular valve and the length is twice as long as or more than the breadth, while in the present species cell is rectangular in broader girdle surface having oblong valve and the length is much shorter than breadth. Again, in the former, foramen is small and vertically rhombic while in the latter it is larger and transversely elliptic-lanceolate.
Root of horn is longer in Ch. denticuiatum and directed almost vertically, while it is much shorter in C. nanodenticulatum and decidedly diagonal. Again, in the former, hoop is a little constricted and is very long and exceeds the halflength of the mantle, while in the latter it is not constricted and is either narrower than or equal as broad as the halflength of the mantle.
Thus, the differences between the two related species are so numerous that one may not take the present species as a mere broader form of Ch. denticulatum as Schroder thinks. We can not also consider that these two forms are due to seasonal variations, as it is case in Ch. decipiens Cleve, for they occur in the same sample collected both at the same time and locality.
The specimen shown in the annexed figure measures as follows: length and breadth of cell, 22.5 4and 45 respectively; height of the mantle 15 » and that of hoop 7.5 : thickness of spine 3.75 pu.
Subgen. II. Hyalochete Gran. Section 3. Dicladia (Ehr.).
10. C. Lorenzianum Grun. Pl. IV, Figs. 88-39.
Cleve \ breatise, s89G a), p. 21, Ph Ty NEST 5 > -Gran.; Diat., 1905, p. 76, f. 90.—C. cellulosum Lauder, Hongkong, BSO4 68; 02: SL 2:
Loc. in Jap.: Shirahama in Prov. Boshyu.
Breadth and length in our specimens measure 27—35 / and 20-35 » respectively. The specimen shown in Fig. 38a measures
G4 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 244,
11 by 22 in thickness and breadth respectively. From that figure it will be seen that all the horns stand in sagittal-longi-
tudinal plane.
Section 4. Cylindrica Ostt.
11. C. teres Cleve? PI. IV, Pigsy Saye
Cleve Treatise, 1897 a; p. 22; t. 2, f. 10.2% Grange 1905,’ p. 76, Bice OLS 3
The specimen before us is too imperfect to determine its specific name.
Loc. in Jap.: Tateyama in Prov. Boshyu (June, 2, 1906).
The specimen figured measures 57.5 / in breadth and 45 yp in thickness.
Section 5. Compressa Ostf.
12. C. compressum Lauder. Pl. IT Figs? 3
Lauder, Hongkong, 1864, p. 78, Pl. VIII, Fig. 6; Cleve, Java, 1873, p. 78; Ostf.; Mar. Pl. Diat., 1902, p1234) ieieeeieee —C. Kelleri Brun (after Ostf. 1.c.). 一 Schroder, Warm. Meere, 1906,"p. 350.
Loc. in Jap.: Tateyama in the Prov. Boshyu (Jameyge,
1906) ; Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 2, 1904).
Endocysts are formed almost in the middle part of cells and have both valves almost equal and smooth.
In 1901 Schmidt for the first time described Richelia intra- cellularis as endoparasite in the cells of Rhizosolenia styliformis.” In the sea of the Pacific side of this country I often met with that parasite in the cells of R. styliformis (I can not state for the present whether or not the parasite is always found in one and same species).
While pursuing this study I found another case with respect to the parasitism of this filamentous alga. It is not with Rhizosolenia but with Chatoceras compressum Lauder. I met
1) Richelia intracellulavis Schm. in Ostf. and Schm., 1901, Adenbugten, p. 146, f. 2; also in Hedwigia, Bd. XL, 1901, p. 112 with figure.
MAY, 1907.] OKAMURA—CHAETO. & PERAGAL. OF JAPAN. 95
with a chain of Ch. compressum in which four filaments of R. intracellularis were observed, each being inserted between two cells. I thought that it was accidentally so placed ; but when I met with another chain of that species similarly infested in the same sample, I came to consider that there should exist some relations between the two organisms. Though there are plenty of chains of Ch. compressum, they are not all infested
_ with this parasite nor does every foramen of each chain; for
there must be certain coincidence between the thickness ‘ the parasitic filament and size of foramen of the host.
As far as we know we must conclude that R. intracellularis is either endo- or ecto-parasite which has probably certain rela- tions of nutrition with diatomaceous organisms such as Rhizo- solenia and Ch. compressum and perhaps still other ones.
In our specimens represented in Figs. 8-10, breadth, length and thickness of cells of Chetoceras measure 5y, 5y and 2.54 eeocemvely : in hig. It, breadth, 22
Section 6. Protuberantia Ostf.
13. C@. didymuam Ehr. v. genuina Gran. Pl. 1V, Fig.48 ac.
Gran, Diat., 1905, p. 79, Fig. 94.? Btw., Micr. Journ. Vol. Messe, Pi. Vil, Figs. 3-7.
The specimens before us are perhaps young ones which have close resemblance to the figures given in Btw. 1.c. Pl. VII, Figs. 3-7.
Woe im jap.: Prove Tosa.
Breadth and length measure 20 » and 7.5 / respectively in
the specimen shown in Fig. 48 か .
14. C.didymum v. anglica(Grun.)Gran. PI1.IV, Figs. 44-47. Gran, Diat., 1905, p. 80, Fig. 95.—C. longicrure (Cl.) Ostt. u. Schm. Red Sea, p. 154 : Ostf. Faeroes, 1903, p. 576.—C. didymum war. Jongicruris Cleve, Treatise, 1897 a, p. 21, Pl. 1, Figs. 11, 17. Loc. in Jap.: Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 3, 1904; Feb. 3, 1904): Breadth and length measure 10 / and 5-14 respectively in the specimen shown in Fig. 44. The specimen represented in
96 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 244,
Fig. 45 a measures 6 » in thickness. It will be seen from the figure just mentioned that all the horns stand on sagittal-longi- tudinal plane.
ーー
Section 7. Constricta Ostf.
15. C. constrictum Gran. Pl. IV, Fig. 64 a—b.
Gran, Diat., 1905, p. 80, Fig. 96.—Lemm. Ergebnisse, 1899, D. 385.
Loc. in Jap.: 40 miles off the coast of Shing (Kurile).
If my identification proves to be correct it seems to me that C. constrictum is very difficult to distinguish it from C. siamense.
In the specimen represented in Fig. 64a, the breadth and thickness of the body measure 26 and 15 » respectively, and the height of foramen, 7.5 p.
16. C. javanicum Cleve. PL TV, Figs.\55 amd
Cleve, Java, 1873, p.,.10,\Pl. II, f. 13°; Ost Mars Rip gi ee 1902, p. 236, Figs..14, 15.
Loc. in Jap.: Cape Goza in Prov. Shima ee 3, 1904) ; Tateyama in Prov. Boshyu (June, 2, 1906).
This species is, as Cleve has already stated, nearly akin to C. Schutti Cl. and C. affine, Lauder, but to me it seems not to be identical. In this species, apical horns are more or less acute in divergence and often run almost parallel to each other. The horns which have a characteristic curvature as shown in Figs. 55 a, b are thin and turn off toward the ends of chain.
17. C. Vanheurcku Gran. ? Pl. TIT Pigs: 2 igs
Ostf. Mar. Pl. Diat:, 1902,.p. 240, Figs. 18) on?
Loc. in Jap. : Shirahama in Prov. Boshyu (May, 1904).
The specimen before us may not belong to the species men- tioned, as I was ignorant of the character and number of chro- matophores in the present plant.
Section 8. Stenocincta Ostf.
18. C. affine Lauder. Pl, Ill, Figs near Lauder, Hongkong, 1864, p. 68, Pl. VIII, f. 5
Max, 1907] . OKAMURA —CHAETO. & PERAGAL. OF JAPAN. 97
This species, as it seems to me from our specimens, is per- haps the same as C. Schiittii Cleve, as Prof. Gran remarks in his Diatomacez, 1905, p. 81. I have found that all the spines lie on the sagittal-longitudinal plane as is shown in Fig. 4 a. As I have mentioned under C. Ralfsii I have found that the terminal horn of this species is similarly constructed as in C. Ralfsu ; that is, it is quadrangular and has very minute dot-like teeth along the ridges.
Breadth of the cell measures 26 / in the specimen shown in Fig. 4, and the thickness and breadth, 1ly and 33y respec- tively in that shown in Fig. 4 a.
Bac. im (ape <, Lateyaima in the Prov. Boshyu- (June, 2,
1906) ; Shinoshima in Prov. Owari (Aug., 1906) ; Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 2, 1904).
19. C. Ralfsii Cleve in Schroder, 1906, p. 352, f. 16; Cleve Bae omjava, 1373, p. 10, Pl. Il, Fig 15.7
Loc. in Jap.: Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 2, 1904) ;
Enoshima in Prov. Sagami (Schroder).
Schroder illustrates in his “ Beitr. z. Kenntnis des Phyto- planktons warmer Meere,”’ p. 352, f. 16 Chetoceras Ralfsii Cleve, (I have no facility to refer to p. 251 where the explanation of this species may perhaps be given) which much differs from the original figure given by Cleve in his ‘‘ Examination of Diatoms romnenon theSuriace of the Seatof Java’ p. 10, Pl: HHT Fig: 15. I have identified my material after Schroder’s illustration, and if his figure really represents Ch. Ralfsu, the necessary conclusion might be that Cleve’s Ch. Ralfsi is nothing but Ch. affint Lauder.
Struck by Schroder’s representation I entered into compara- tive study of terminal horns of Ch. Ralfsi and Ch. affine and found that both are similarly constructed as are shown in our Figs. 4b and 6c. This character is at variance with Cleve’s remark which says “this species (Ch. Ralfsi1) resembles Ch. affine Lauder, but the awns are dissimilar.’’ The possession of dot-like spinules on terminal horns being: common to both species, the only difference between those of the species related is the degree of curvature.
ON THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. ささ 1、 No, 244.
The distinctions between CA. Ralfsii and CA. affine are found, besides the difference just stated above, in the length of cells and hoops and in the curvature of remaining horns. In CA. aftine hoops are very narrow and constricted while in Ch. Ralfsi they are very wide with often insignificant constriction and cells are shorter in the former, while much longer in the latter. Horns, again, are straight in the former while in the latter they are much curved ; and the horns of Ch. Ralfsii are seen to lie on one and same plane as viewed from the broader girdle surface. The terminal horns of Ch. affine are usually very widely parted but are not without the case when they are put in somewhat acute angie as is shown in Cleve's figure as well as in our Fig. 6. Thus, if SchrGder's illustration really represents Ch. Ralfsu and my comparative study is correct, we might conclude that Cleve has described a form of Ch. affine under the name of Ch. Ralfsu and then Schroder's Ch. Ralfsi must stand as that species which has been truly represented for the first time.
Length and breadth of cells shown in the figure measure 26 / and 10 pv repectively.
20. C. paradoxum Cleve. Pl. III, Figs. 12-15.
Cleve Java, 1873,~p..10, ‘Pl. Ill, Fig. 164; OS giiasnaes: 1908, prog:
Loc. in Jap.: Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 1904).
The specimens figured measure: in Fig. 12, thickness=12 yp; in Fig. 14, breadth and thickness 26 » and 17» respectively ; in Fig. 15, breadth=17—20 p.
Section 9. Lacinosa Ostf.
21. °C:..distans Cleve: Pl. IV, Figs. 40-43.
Cleve, Java, 1873. p. 9, Pl. II, Fig. 11; Ostf FeroessisG p. 014; Ostt,, Mar. Pl, 1902) p. 235, Figkator
As it is shown in Figs. 41 and 43a, endocysts are not formed in the middle portion of the mother cell, but the primary valve of an endocyst is more distant from the valve of the mother cell facing to it, than the secondary valve is from the remaining one of the latter. The primary valve of the endocyst
May, 1907.] OKAMURA—CHAETO. & PERAGAL. OF JAPAN. 99
is arcuate with numerous longer spines, and the secundary valve is humped with shorter spines on the hump. Loc. in Jap.: Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 3, 1904). The specimens figured measure: in Fig. 40, breadth and length, 10 »w and 10-12 4; in Fig. 43, 27.54 and 10-12 / re- spectively.
Section 10. Diversa Ostf.
go, OC Jave Leud.—Fortm. Pl. Hl, Figs. 23-24. | Ose, Marne Pl Wiat. 1902, p. 237,-Fig. 16; Id. Heeroes, moa. O10; ochroder, 1906, Warm. Meere, p. 351.
ioc. ie jap: Cape Goza im Prov. Shima, (Aug., 3, 1904).
Breadth as well as length of the cell in the specimen repre- sented in Fig. 23 measure 10 » and 7.5 ん respectively.
Ze .@. trea Cleve var. macroceras schroder., Pi. II, Fig.7. Schroder, 1906, Warm. Meere, p. 351, Fig. 15. Reem jap. lateyama in Prov. Boshyu (June, 2, 1906) ; Cape Goza in Prov. Shima (Aug., 3, 1904) ; Prov. Tosa. Breadth measures 12 ん in the specimen shown in Fig. 7. As I have not seen any European specimen of this species, I here refer my material to the present var. after the opinion
of Schroder. Section 11. Brevicatenata Gran.
2A. C. erinitum Schutt. Pl MS Figs: AS:
ei Chact. u, Berae., 1895, p..41, Pl WV ft 22, Plo Vv; med Gran. Wiats W905, p. S89, f. 113.
Loc. in Jap.: Tateyama in Prov. Boshyu (June, 2, 1906).
Breadth and thickness measure 174 and 15w respectively in
the specimens represented in Figs. 1-3. Section 12. Curviseta Ostf.
25. C. secundum Cleve. Pl. TV, Figs. 49-52.
Gleve.. aya, «leq be, 0- 10 Pl. IT, Rie Ostf. Mar. Pl. Diat., 1902, p. 239.—C. curvisetum Cleve Malay Arch., 1902, p's and p. 55 (alter Ost. ).
100 THE BOTANICAL. MAGAZINE. 、 [Vol. XXI, No. 244,
According to Ostenfeld’s view (Mar. Pl. Diat., p. 239) I have here referred our plant to C. secundum. I do not know whether all the plants having the name of C. secundum Cleve is identical with C. curvisetum Cleve mentioned in Gran’s Diatomacee p. 91.
Loc. in Jap.: Prov. Boshyu (May, 1906).
Breadth and thickness measure 11 ん and 7.5 u respectively in the specimens represented in Figs. 49, 51 and 52; and in Fig. 50, breadth, 25 な
26. C. debile Cleve. Pl. TV, Pics: (Gea
Gran, Diat., 1905, p. 92, Fig. 117 a-b.—C. vermuculus Sehutt, Chet? u. Perag., US9GSNNDISS9) f. 7 a—e: 3
Loc. in Jap.: 40 miles off the coast of Shinshiryima (Kurile).
Breadth measures 20-27 » in the specimen shown in Fig. 76 and thickness, 7.5 » in that figured in Fig. 77.
Genus II. Peragallia Schitt.
1. P. meridiana Schiitt. Pl. VI, Fig. 65.
Schutt, Chaet: u. Perag., 91895, p. 48, Taf. 5,;/ Ric. SM gk —P. tropica Schutt in Engler u. Prantl, Pflanzenfam, Bacil- ]ariacee, p. 86, Fig. 142.
In our specimens, cells are united into a straight chain instead of being solitary as it 1s shown by Schiitt, and have lanceolate foramen. Chromatophores are small and fusiform in shape, densely arranged in somewhat radiate manner.
Loc. in Jap.: Prov. Tosa; Shirahama in the Prov. Boshyu
(May, 1906).
1856.
1858.
1886.
1873 a.
1873 b.
1878. 1881.
Bhs ile:
1897 a.
TS9C b.
1900 a.
1900 c.
1901 a.
BOOL の
1902 a.
1905.
LITERATURE CONSULTED.
Brightwell, Th. On the filamentous longhorned Diatomaceee (Quarterly Journ. of Microscop. Science, Vol. IV).
— か ヵ ) Further observations on the genera Triceratium and Chzetoceros. (Id., Vol. VI).
Castracane, A. F. de. Report on the Diatomacez Collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873-76. (Report of the Chall. Exped., Bot., Vol. II).
Cleve, P. T. On Diatoms from the Arctic Sea. Sv. Vetensk.-Akadem. Handl., Bd. I, No. 13).
— Examination of Diatoms found on the Surface of the Sea of Java. (Ibidem, Bd. I, No. 11).
— Diatoms from the West-Indian Archipelago. 5 No.8).
— On some new and little known Diatoms. Akad. Handl., Bd. 18, No. 5).
— The Diatoms of Finland.
— A Treatise of the Phytoplankton of the Northern Atlantic and its Tributaries.
(Bihang t. k.
(Ibidem, Bd.
(Kongl. Sv. Vet.-
— Report on the Phytoplankton collected on the Expedition Ob Hie Me 7 SI Research,’ 1896; 。 (loth annual ‘Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, Part III, p. 297-304).
— Notes on some Atlantic Plankton-Organisms. (K. Sv. Vet.- Akad. Handl., Bd. 34, No. 1).
— Plankton from the southern Atlantic and the southern Indian Ocean. (Ofversikt af K. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., 1900, No. 8).
— The Seasonal Distribution of Atlantic Plankton Organisms.
— Plankton from the Indian Ocean and the Malay Archipelago. (Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 35, No. 5).
— Additional Notes on the Seasonal Distribution of Atlantic Plankton Organism.
Gran, H: He Diatomeen. Plankton, Part XIX).
(Brandt u. Apstein Nordisches
102
1900.
1901.
1864.
ao:
1902.
1903.
190%
1900.
1906.
1895.
1896.
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI No. 244.
Jorgensen, E. Protophyten und Protozoen im Plankton aus der norwegischen Westkiiste. (Bergens Museums Aarbog for 1899, No. 6).
— Protistenplankton aus dem Nordmeere in den Jahren 1897— 1900. (Bergens Museums Aarbog for 1900, No. 6).
Lauder, H. S. a) On new .Diatoms. b) Remarks on) the marine Diatomacez found at Hongkong with descriptions of new species. (Transactions of the Microscopical Soc., Vol. X10, ppr 62am iio).
Lemmermann, E. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (H. Schauinsland 1896-97). Planktonalgen. (Abh. des Naturh. Vereins Bremens, Bd. 16).
Ostenfeld, C. H. Marine Plankton Diatoms. (J. Scelimidiie Flora of Koh-Chang, Part VII. Reprinted from Botanisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 25).
— Phytoplankton from the Sea around the Feroes. (Bot. of Fzroes, Vole l=
— og Schmidt, J. Plankton fra det Rode Hav og Adenbugten. (Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhist. Forening i Kobenhavn, 1901).
Schmidt, J. Ueber Richelia intracellularis, eine neue in Plankton- Diatomeen lebende Alge (Hedwigia, Bd. XL, 1901, p. 112 mit fig.).
Schroder, B. Das Phytoplankton des Golfes von Neapel. (Mit- teilungen aus der zoologischen Station zu Neapel, Bd. 14).
— Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Phytoplanktons warmer Meere. (Separ. from Vierteljahrsschrift Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich, Jahre. UI, 1906).
Schutt, F. Arten von Chetoceras and Peragallia. Ein Beitrag zur Hochseeflora. (Ber. der Deuts. Bot. Gesellsch., Bd. XIII, 1895). 7 |
— Bacillariales. (Engler und Prantl: Nattrliche Pflanzen- familien, I Teil, Abt. 1 5).
Explanation of Figures in Plate III-IV.
PLATE III.
Figs. 1— 3. Chetoceras crinitumSchutt. (Tateyama in Prov. Boshyu).
ie Chain seen from the broader girdle-surface, °°°. Ze Same seen from the narrower girdle surface, *°°. 3: Valve seen from above, °°° Figs. 4— 6. C. affine Lauder. 4., Portion of a chain seen from the broader girdle-surface, ae (Tateyama). 4a. Valvular view of another specimen, *2° (Shinoshima, in Prov. Owari). A b. Portion of the terminal horn, showing dot-like teeth, a represents the proximal end, *°°°. (Cape Goza). Ac. Portion of cells, °**. Gr sta 5. Another specimen bearing endocysts, *2° (Shinoshima, Aug., 2, 1904). 6. Portion of chain resembling Cleve’s C. Ralfsii, shown in Cleve’s Diat. Java, fig. 15, =°. (Cape Goza). 6 b. Portion of cells showing constriction of hoops at b, b, but not at a,ia, ぞう. (Cape Goza). Ore? Portion of the teminal horn, a represents the proximal Gl, ae. (Cape Goza). ROSSR 7。 Portion of a chain of C. furca Cleve var. macroceras Schroder. (Tateyama). Figs. 8-11. C. compressa Lauder. 8. Chain seen from the broader girdle-surface, “2°. (Tateyama). 8a. Portion of chain having endocysts, ピー. (Cape Goza, Aug., 2, 1904). 9. The same seen from the narrower girdle surface, “°°. (Tateyama). iO. Valvular view of the same, °{°. ( a Ig Il Another specimen, highly magd. (Cape Goza). lla. One of chain infested by Richelia intracellularis, デー
(Cape Goza).
11 b,c. 2 filaments of Richelia intracellularis, **". (っ ate
104
Figs.
12-15.
13.
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI, No, 244.
C. paradoxum Cleve. (Cape Goza).
3890
Complete chain seen from the narrower girdle-surface, ご.
890 1
Valvular view of another specimen,
Portion of a chain consisting of thicker and shorter cells,
390 1
Portion of a chain of still another specimen seen from the
broader girdle-surfaee, **°. C. rostratum Lauder ; *°°. _ (Cape Goza). C. densum Cleve. (Tateyama).
Portion of a chain seen from the broader girdle-surface, **°.
Portion of another specimen seen from the narrower girdle-
3°0
surface, こと C。
C. boreale Bail. (Tateyama).
Portion of a chain viewed from the narrower girdle-
390
surface, **°.
220
Tene
Valvular view of another specimen, Portion of chain of still another specimen seen from the broader girdle-surface ; to the left, a cross-section of a
220
hora, ——
C. Vanheurckii Gran ? (Shirahama in Prov. Boshyu).
220
Portion of a chain, *<°.
600 Sail °
Part of the same magnified,
390
Two different forms of C. /Jeve Leud.—Fortm., **°.
(Cape Goza in Prov. Shima).
C. coarctatum Lauder.
Terminal horn of the cell of upper end of a chain, **°.
(Shirahama in Prov. Boshyu).
Terminal horn of the cell of lower end of a chain shown
in Fig. 27, 2%. (Shirahama in Prov. Boshyu). Portion of an incomplete chain, に. (,, ,, be eee Horn marked s im Fig. 27, *°°, (ahha oh Rh:
jroader girdle-surface of a portion of the chain shown in
Fig. 27, 22° (Shirahama in Prov. Boshyu).
ーー・ Piece of a chain seen from below; a, a, terminal horns of
the cell of upper end, °'. (Prov. Tosa).
1
Cell of the lower end of another chain seen from above, nis. (Prov. Tosa).
Valvular view of a cell of still another specimen, *°°. (,, ,,).
C. criophyllum Castr. (40 miles off Shinshirijima).
ms rae
May, 1907. ]
Figs.
Figs.
Figs.
Figs.
Figs,
Figs.
33-34. 35. 36. 37.
38-39. る Yet
38 a. Soe
40-43. 4.0. 41. 42.
43.
43 a. 44—4.7, 44,,
45.
45 a. 46.
AT.
48 a-c.
49—52. 49. 50. 51. 52.
53-54. 53.
Portion of a chain.
OKAMURA.—CHAETO. & PERAGAL. OF JAPAN. 105
Different views of different specimens, *2°.
One of the cells of a chain set free, *2°.
390 1
One of the cells of another chain many-times divided,
Detached cell seen from the lower valve, 22°.
PLATE IV.
C. Lorenzianum Grun.
Portion of a chain, *2°. (Tateyama).
Valvular view of a cell of another specimen. (Cape Goza).
220
ー ; portion of terminal horn and of
Complete specimen,
one of the remaining horns, slightly magnifed. (Tateyama). C. distans Cleve. (Cape Goza). Complete chain just forming an endocyst, =.
Portion of a fructified chain, こう.
Cross-section of a cell, viewed in slightly oblique direction,
390 1 es
Another specimen having broader cells, *2°.
390 の
Portion of a fructified chain having broader cells, C. didymam Ehr. var. anglica (Grun.) Gran.
Portion of a chain, 22°. (Cape Goza). Central protuberances seen a little obliquely, *°°.(,,_,, ). Valvular view ofa cell of another specimen, *2°. (,, ,, ).
Still another specimen seen from the narrower girdle- surface in a slightly oblique manner, *°°. (Cape Goza).
(40 miles off Shinshirijima). 3 different younger cells of C. didymum Ehr. var. genuina
Gran, “2°. | (Prov. Tosa). C. secundum Cleve. (Tateyama). Portion of a spiral chain, *>°.
Portion of another specimen seen from the outer side of
spiral chain, =2°.
Portion of still another specimen seen from the outer side of spiral chain ; cells are just dividing, =2°.
Valvular view of one of the cells of the specimen shown in Fig. 51, 22°.
C2 teres: Cleve & (Tateyama).
Valvular view of a cell of the chain shown in Fig. 54, *°°.
106
Fig.
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Yol. XXI. No, 244 54. Portion of a SN ーー 55. Portion of a ch ; (Tateyama).
f, indicates the se A ei cbse flexure of ‘he horn.
390 1
55 a, b. Two different valvular views, ・ f, indicates the charac-
teristic flexure. (Cape Goza).
gs. 56-63. C. atlanticum Cleve.
56-57,61-62. Four different chains showing different lengths o
Figs.
Figs.
cells and directions of horns, *2°. (Prov. Tosa). 58. Portion of a chain having terminal horns, ==.
(40 miles off ST 59. Portion of another chain showing different lengths of cells, 22°. (40 miles off Shinshirijima). 60. Valve of the specimen shown in Fig. 59 viewed slightly
obliquely, *=°. 63. i, neceotene Schroder? °°°. (,, hatte Bad = ). .64a. C. constrictum Gran, seen from the broader girdle-surface, ses. (40 miles off Shinshirijima).
645. Another specimen seen from the narrower surface, *°°. (40 miles off Shinshirijima). 65. Portion of a chained specimen of Peragallia meridiana Schutt, 22°. (Prov. Tosa). 66. Portion of a chain of Chetoceras denticulatum Lauder showing the anterior terminal cell, °°°. (Cape Goza). 66a. Another chain showing the posterior terminal cell, *$°. (Cape Goza). 66 ヵ . Cell seen from the valvular side of another specimen, S20, (Cape Goza). 67-75. C. peruvianum Btw. 67. C. peruvianum f. robusta, °°°. (Prov. Tosa). 67a. Portion of spine, ピー 68. Specimen resembling C. boreale Lauder,*°°. (Prov.Shima). 9-73, 75. Different forms in different sizes ; Figs 69-70, +; Figs. 71-73, ="; Fig. 75, 22°. (Prov. Tosa). 74. Upper valve seen a little obliquely, °°°. ( “A Reve | 76-77. C. debile Cleve. (40 miles off Shinshirijima). 10, Portion of the spiral chain, °°°
ih ¢ Portion of the chain of another specimen seen from the
390 1 ー
narrower girdle-surface,
Benzoesaure in Pinguicula vulgaris.” Von
0. Loew und K. Aso.
Es ist eine auffallende Tatsache, dass Insecten, welche auf den schleimigen Blattern von Pinguicula vulgaris sich oft in grosserer Menge niederlassen und da absterben, keinen Faulniss- geruch erkennen lassen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine anti- septische Substanz von den Blattern mit dem Schleim secernirt werde, fiihrte schon vor Jahren den einen von uns (L) zu einen Versuch mit den Blattern. In eine 0.5 procentige, neu- trale Loesung von Pepton wurden zalreiche frische Blatter von Pinguicula gebracht und nach Stunden die Fltissigkeit in einen Kolben abgegossen. Weder Pepton noch Kolben war sterilisirt worden, der Kolben wurde nicht verschlossen. Selbst nach drei Wochen zeigte diese Fltissigkeit keine Spur von Faulnissgeruch. Eine geringfugige Bacterienvegetation war zwar vorhanden, dieselbe rief aber nur einen schwachen Geruch nach rohem Leim hervor. Durch Erhitzen auf 75° wurde die antiseptische Wirkung nicht zerstort.
Da die Moglichkeit vorlag, dass Benzoes&ure das antiseptische Agens sei, haben wir an der Sonne getrocknete Pinguicula Pflanzen mit Wasser extrahirt und die sauer reagirende Flissigkeit mit Aether ausgeschittelt. Dieser hinterliess nach dem Verdunsten eine krystallinische Masse, gemengt mit gelber amorpher Sub- stanz und etwas Gerbstoff. Durch zweimaliges Umkrystallisiren aus wenig heissem Wasser konnten jene Krystalle rein erhalten werden. Ihr Schmelzpunkt wurde zu 122° gefunden, wahrend fiir Benzoesaure 120-1219.4 angegeben wird. Der Habitus der
1) Diese Arbeit erschien gleichzeitig in The Bulletin of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University, Vol. VIII, No. 3, 1907.
108 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. ささ 1. No. 244. /
Tafeln und Nadeln glich genau dem der reinen Benzoesaure, ebenso der Geruch. Die Formen des Kalksalzes glichen genau denen des Benzoesauren Kalks, so dass tiber das Benzoes&ure- Vor- kommen in Pinguicula kein Zweifel mehr obwalten kann.”—Die Pinguicula lasst es also nicht zu einer Faulniss der gefangenen Insecten kommen, wie die Utricularia es tut.
Dass verschiedene Harze Benzoesaure enthalten, ist seit lange bekannt ; der eine von uns fand sie ferner in den Preisselbeeren,” und kiirzlich wurde sie von Corron auch in Rhinanthus major und Rh. minor beobachtet. In HusemMann’s und HILcEr’s ,, Pflanzenstofie ‘‘ findet sich angegeben, dass sie auch in den Samen von Euonymus europeus und in den Wurzeln von Acorus Calamus, Pimpinella Saxitraga und’ Inula Helenium vorkomme. Vielleicht findet sie sich noch in anderen Pflanzen; denn WIESNER” berichtet, dass aus seinen Versuchen das Vorhandensein anti- septisch wirkender Substanzen in Lysimachia, Begonia, Trades- cantia, Ranunculus aquatilis, Daucus Carota und Chenopodium gefolgert werden miisse. WIESNER vermutet, dass sich Boden- wurzeln und Wasserpflanzen durch antiseptische Mittel gegen Angriffe von Bacterien schiitzen. In Daucus Carota kommt nun ausser einem eetherischen Oel, auch eine sehr geringe Menge einer sich der Benzoesaure ahnlich verhaltende Saure vor. Aus 800g. Wurzeln erhielten wir jedoch nicht geniigend, um nach weiterer Reinigung wenigstens eine Schmelzpunkt-bestimmung ausfuhren zu konnen.
リ Dass diese Siiure etwa aus einem amygdalinartisen Glycosid erst durch Spaltung und Oxydation hervorgieng, ist nicht anzunehmen, weil sonst beim Absterben der Planzen der Geruch nach Benzaldehyd htte. auftreten mtissen. Davon war aber ebensowenig etwas wahrzunehmen, als vom Geruch yon Blausiure.
2) O. L., Journ prakt. Chem., 19, 309.
9 Wiener Akad. Ber., October 1893.
BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.
CONTENTS.
__K. Aso:—On the Action of Naphthalene on Plants. . . . . . . 109 __. Takeuchi:—Koénnen Phosphate Chlorose erzcween foe wee IA | S. Kusano :—On the Nucleus of Synchytrium Puerarie, Miyabe. . ns 時 1 © farsnece Bovawicar. Lagpraturr. .. . 。 . . 。. : . 。 。 es
_ ArTICLES IN JAPANESE :—
sac Kusano :—On the Relation of Centrosome-like Body and the nuclear Membrane in Synchytrium Puerarie. . . . . . . . .(149) oH Hattori :—On the Distribution of Plants in Bonin Islands. . . (154)
Ceepwr LITERATURE :—
5 Sr. nrbeck, Parthenogenese bei den Gattungen Taraxacum fad a - Hieracium.—H. 0. Juel, Dic Tetradenteilungen bei Taraxacum und anderen _Cichorien. 一 0. Rosenberg, Cytological Studies on
っ や the Apogamy in MHieracium.——H. Winkler, Ueber Partheno- ___ genesis bei Wickstroemia indica (L.) C. A. Mey. 一 一 E. Strasburger, Apogamie bei Marsilia.—2J. B. Farmer and L. Digby, Studies in
. Apospory and Apogamy in Ferns. 一 --A. Fischer, Wasserstoff und = _ Hydroxylionen als Kemmumsremes <i ge ae oe es
_MnscsrLANEOOs : ーー The “Erkaltung ” of Plants, Personals etc. . 。 . 。 。 ~~ . ・G83)
_ PRocgEprNes OF THE Tokyo BOTANICAL SOCIETY.
MA
の : The Botanical Magazine i is published monthly. Subscription price per annum
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Foreign Agents: . OSWALD WEIGEL, Leipzig, Konigsstrasse 1, Deutschland. GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER, Berlin SW. Dessauerstr. 29, Deutschland. ss PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT, BAUSCH and LOMB OPTICAL CO., Rochester, : N.Y. U.S.A. WM. WESLEY & SON, 28 Essex St. Strand, London.
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On the Action of Naphthalene on Plants.” By
K. Aso.
It has been shown by various authors that after treatment of the soil with certain volatile substances, such as carbon disulphide, ether or chloroform, plants developed more vigorous- ly in such a soil. It seemed to me of some interest to observe also the effect of less volatile substances as e. g. naphthalene. This has the melting point =79° C and boiling point =218° and volatilizes slowly at the ordinary temperature.” Since naph- thalene has long been applied as a means to keep off moths ‘from clothing, and is also recently reported to drive off in- testinal worms, an effect on nematodes in the soil might be expected. HorLLRuNG observed that insects may be kept off from plants dusted with naphthalene, but he could not observe any fungicide properties. A mixture of naphthalene and lime is recently recommended to keep off earth fleas, larve of Lema asparagi and snails from young plants.
An injurious effect on higher plants has thus far been not reported. In contrary, W. BUssE observed with barley grains, that had been mixed for a certain time with 1% naphthalene, a preservation of the germinating power for a longer time than with the barley not thus treated.
_ Before my experiments with phenogams will be described, some tests with bacteria and alge may be mentioned.
To 100 c.c. of culture water 1% and 0.1% naphthalene respectively was added, and some filaments of Spirogyra unitida
1) This article was published also in the Bulletin of the college of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University. Vol. VIII, No. 3, 1967.
2) I have observed in this regard the following: lg. of naphthalene was left covered with 100 c.c. water in an ERLENMEYER flask plugged with cotton at 20°C. After nearly one month the larger portion of naphthalene had sublimed into the upper part of the flask.
110 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 245.
added. After four days, the alge were dead in the flask with 122 naphthalene, while they remained alive for several weeks in the flask with 0.19 naphthalene. This led me to the suspicion that the perfectly white naphthalene contained some impurity, and therefore it was treated with sodium carbonate to extract organic acids, but such were not found. Another portion was warmed with hydrochloric acid and this extract evaporated to dryness. A small amount of crystallized substance was thus obtained, which upon addition of caustic potash yielded small droplets of a strong and decisive odor of quinoline.
My tests with bacteria showed that 0.1% naphthalene does not prevent entirely bacterial growth but may supress the development to a varying degree when added to bouillon in- fected with Bacillus prodigiosus, B. fluorescens. liquifaciens, B. mycoides, B. pyocyaneus and B. subtilis respectively.” B. my-
ご
coides is less injured than B. prodigious and B. subtilis.
Experiment with Barley and Pea.
Pots filled with 10 K of unmanured loamy soil received as general manure, ¢g:
For barley. For pea. AMMONIUM HUTS ee coeees ss 5 0.1 Sodium puosplta terre (に.。 a | 5 Potassium splpiatioen i. ...c:.. 2.0: 3 3
For each plant, one pot served as check pot, two other pots received each 1 gram of naphthalene well mixed with the soil, while one pot received 5 grams naphthalene. After several months decisive differences were noticed which, however, did not perfectly correspond in both series ; 1 gram naphthalene caused
1) Since recently the remarkable fact was reported by RAHN (Centr.-Bl. Bakt. JI. 76. 882) that a hydrocarbon like paraffine can be attacked by a mould fungus and serve as the source of carbon, and further a communication was made by RSOHNGEN (Centr.-Bl. Bakt. II. 15, 518) that also methane can serve as a source of carbon for a kind of bacterium (Bacillus methanicus), J have been led to test whether well purified naphthalene would serve as a source of cabon for certain bacteria, such as B. fiwores- cens liquifaciens and LB. methylicus. The result was entirely negative as I had expected.
JUNE, 1907.1 ASO.—ACTION OF NAPHTHALENE ON PLANTS. Te?
a stimulation of barley, but not of pea while 5 grams naph- thalene per pot caused injury in every case. The plants were harvested and weighed in the airdry state:
Barley, 9 plants per pot.
Number Weight Weight Weight Naphthalene. of of of of Total. stalks. ears. straw. grains.
g. g. g. ; 28 4.4.8 34.0 27) 78.8
6 2 44.9 31.0 37.5 (a9
5 1 39.0 22.9 32.7 61.9 Gheek pot. 19 41.0 22.0 34.5 63.0
Pea, 10 plants per pot.
Number Weight Weight Weight
Naphthelene. of of of of Total. pods. pods. seeds. straw. 8・ 8・ 8g・ 8・ 49 24.0 Die 1S 35.5 t 52 24.9 21.8 msO 30.9 5 36 18.4 17.0 6.2 24.6
jehecle HOt... 59 27.0 2858 15S 4.2.0
Experiment with Buckwheat and Millet.
In this experiment, two series were observed under essenti- ally the same condition, as with barley. |
The quantities of napthalene were 5g., lg. and 0.5.g per pot. The harvest was weighed in the airdry state with the following result : 3
Weight Weight Naphthalene. of of Total. fruits. stalks. g. g. @・
=) Ol ーー デー
4.6.0 32.0 148 52.9 17.5
112 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 254 Weight Weight Naphthalene. of of Total. fruits. stalks. 02.9 15-0 1.0 3 9 tise 52.5 13.0 ae ns 10.9 sae =e : 3 4.4.5 KIND Di Check pot ty Te eae 1CCK pot. 5 : 50 ae 4
‘Millet, 4 plants per pot.
Weight Weight | Naphthalene. of of Total. ears. straw. 7 20.5 19.0 a 16.5 15.0 la 17.5 15.5 aes 0 18.0 leso Bb 12.0 13.0 hs の 13.0 Lang 16.0 14.5 Check pot. 17.0 15.0 lezs
Experiment with Rice.
Pots holding about 1 K of soil were manured with 1 gram ammonium nitrate, 1 gram sodium phosphate and 0.7 grams potassium sulphate. Two pots received 0.05 grams, other two 0.5 grams while two served as check pots. Each pot received three young rice plants. The airdry harvest was as follows: .
Weight Weight Naphthalene. of of Total. straw. erains. g. | g. g.
0.08 | 12.0 8.2 4 か maken tr 9.8 *
F . . |
JoNE, 1907.] ASO.—ACTION OF NAPHTHALENE ON PLANTS. 113
Weight Weight Naphthalene. | of 0 Of, Total. straw. grains. g. g. g. WS 7.0 0.1 ae 8 less 5.8 2.0 0.5 6.5 20 he3 Ch | set 13.5 Spa ae) | Check pots. . 495 | Q 5 4
The observations show therefore :
1. Naphthalene can prevent the development of various soil bacteria, although it does not kill them. . _ 2. Naphthalene, in the proportion of 0.005-0.01% added to soil, can cause in some cases a moderate stimulation of growth with phenogams, as with barley, buckwheat and millet, but not with pea and rice. An increase to 0.05% injured the growth in every case. The injurious action must be ascribed to the vapors of naphthalene spreading through the pores of the soil. eis ae |
3. Since naphthalene injures the plants it cannot be recom- mended as a remedy against nematodes, at least not in doses of more than 0.05% of the soil.
Konnen Phosphate Chlorose erzeugen ?” Von
T. Takeuchi.
Bisher war bei Versuchen mit Wasserkulturen noch von Niemanden beobachtet worden, dass lésliche Phosphate un- giinstig gewirkt hatten. Deshalb dirfte die kurzlich von CRONE gemachte Angabe (Bonner Inauguraldissertation, 1904, (Dez.) und Biedermanns Centralbl, 1906, S. 30.), dass 16sliche Pho- sphate Chlorose erzeugen konnten, wohl einiges Bedenken hervorgerufen haben. Vergleichen wir jedoch die Nahrlésung, welche Crone anwandte mit der wohl bewdhrten KNop'schen Nahrlésung, so findet sich, dass jene Nahrlosung nicht nur weni- ger Stickstoff, sondern auch bedeutend Mengen von Sulfat enthielt. Sie enthielt ferner Dikaliumphosphat, was die Resor- birbarkeit des Eisens herabdriicken musste. Angesichts der zalreichen bisherigen Erfahrungen mit KNop's Loesung wird auch der weitere Schluss CronEs kaum auf Zustimmung rechnen konnen :
,, Die Voraussetzung, dass diejenige Nahrfliissigkeit die besten Erfolge versprechen miisse, die alle ihre Bestandteile nur in gelosten Zustand enthalte und dadurch der Wurtzel der Arbeit des Aufschliessens enthebe, muss jetzt als vollig irrig hingestellt werden. “‘ |
Losliche Phosphate sind im Gegenteil zu CRONES Behauptung unerlasslich, um Chlorophyllbildung hervorzubringen, wie 0. Loew vor langer Zeit folgerte. (Uber den Einfluss der Phosphor- saure auf die Chlorophyllbildung. Bot. Centralbl., 1891, S. 7.) Er experimentierte mit Algen, welche, zunachst in eine mit destilliertem Wasser (2 L.) hergestellte Nahrl6sung gebracht wurden, welche 0,2 p. mille Calciumnitrat und 0,02 p. mille
1) Diese Arbeit erschien gleichzeitig in The Bulletin of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University, Vol. VIII. No. 3, 1907.
Juve, 1907.] AKEUCHI—KONNEN PHOSPH. CHLOR. ERZEUGEN? 15
Ammoniumsulfat enthielt. In die sehr gerdumige Flasche wurde hie und da etwas Kohlensaure eingeleitet. Nach sechs Wochen Stehen im zerstreuten Tageslicht bei 14-16° waren trotz der Unvollstandigkeit der Nahrlosung, welche Vermehrung hinderte, nur wenige zellen abgestorben. Hierauf wurde 0,02 p. mille Ferrosulfat zugesetzt und die Loesung mit den Algen in zwei moglichst gleiche Portionen geteilt und zur einen Halfte noch 0,08 p. mille Dinatriumphosphat gesetzt. Schon nach ftnf Tagen ergab sich ein hochst auffalliger Unterschied: Die Phosphat-Algen hatten eine intensiv griine Farbe angenommen, die Control-Algen aber hatten ihre gelbe Nuance behalten, trotz des Zusatzes eines Eisensalzes.
Dieser Versuch beweist klar, dass trotz des Eisenzusatzes bei den Algen Chlorose fortdauerte wenn Phosphate mangelten, wahrend bei Anwesenheit von Phosphaten sie sch6n griin erschie- nen, dass also losliche Phosphorsaure ausser dem Eisen hier unumgdnglich notig war zur Chlorophyllbildung.
Um nun zu beweisen, dass in dem Versuche CRONE’s nicht das Phosphat es war, welches Chlorose hervorrief, verglich ich die Crone’sche Nahrloesung mit einer, in welcher das Calcium- sulfat derselben durch die doppelte Menge Calciumnitrat ersetzt, und das Phosphat nur als Monokaliumphosphat gegeben war, nicht als Gemisch mit Dikaliumphosphat.
Die Nahrlosungen (die Salzmengen beziehen sich auf den wasserfreien Zustand) enthielten im Liter g::
CRoONE'sche Loesung. Control-Loesung.
Kaliumnitrat 1,0 1,0 Calciumsulfat 0,5 ーー Calciumnitrat ー 1.0 Magnesiumsulfat 0,5 0,5 Ferrosulfat O:00a ae 0,005 Dikaliumphosphat 0,25 一 Monokaliumphosphat 0,25 0,5
Als Versuchspflanze diente Weizen. In feuchten Sagespanen gekeimte und in Brunnenwasser gezogene Keimlinge von ca. 10 em. Hohe wurden am 19 Marz in diese Loesungen, je 2% L.
116 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.
in einem Zylinder eingesetzt. Der geringe Niederschlag von Eisenphosphat wurde von Zeit zu Zeit aufgeriihrt. Es zeigte sich, schon nach 25 Tagen, dass die Blatter der. Sprosse in der CRoNE'schen Néhrfliissigkeit ein gelbliche Farbung annahmen, wahrend in der Control-Loesung sie schon griin erschienen. Auch ein bedeutender Hoéhenunterschied war bemerkbar. Die Beobachtung am 16 April ergab folgende Data:
CRoNE'sche Loesung. Control-Loesung. I it TII I II TERY Langstes Blatt. 21cm. 21cm. 22cm: 28¢m.. 29cm. 28tim Zahl der Blatter. 5 5 5 Mi 6 6 Farbe gelblich gelblich gelblich griin griin grin
Wurzel-Lange ivcm. “200em. 26cm: ~~26cem. 35 timyae em
Da nun die Blatter in der CRONE’schen Nahrloesung von Tag zu Tag blasser wurden, und infolge dessen das Absterben bald zu erwarten war, so wurde am 26 April zu samtlichen Nahrlo- sungen je 15 ccm. einer ziemlich concentrierten Aufschwemmung von kiinstlichem Ferriphosphat gegeben und wieder von Tag zn Tag der Niederschlag aufgeriihrt. Es zeigte sich schon nach wenigen Tagen, dass die jungsten Blatter in der Crone’schen Loesung wieder grun wurden und die Pflanzen weiter wuchsen. Aber auch die Pflanzen in der Control-Loesung, obwohl griin, fingen an noch etwas dunkler zu werden.
Die Messung am 7 Mai ergab, cm. :
CsoNs'sche Loesuug. Control-Loesung.
i TF III 1 SN III Langstes Blatt. 32 a0* 99 53 52 51 Zahl der Blatter. 8 8 8 14 9 9 Wurzel-Lange. 32 33 33 4.4, 4.6 4.1
Am 9 Mai wurde das Frischgwicht bestimmt, g :
Crone’sche Loesung. Control-Loesung.
I II III I I] III Frischgewicht 2.61 2.52 .2.47 6.51 6.48 , 7.46 Mittel , 2.03 rind 6.81
[Vol. XXI. No, 245.
Jonr, 1907.1 TAKEUCHI—KONNEN PHOSPH. CHLOR. ERZEUGEN? 117
Als bald darauf evident wurde, dass die Pflanzen in CRoNE'S Lésung sich nun normal weiter entwickelten und tief griine Blatter trieben wurde der Versuch als beendet betrachtet, da nun erwiesen war,
(1) dass Eisen nicht giftig wirkte, wie CRONE meinte,
(2) dass die Nahrlosung CRoNEg's der Aufnahme von gentg- endem Eisen bei geringen Eisenmengen Schwierigkeiten bereitete,
(3) dass 1osliche Phosphate keine Chlorose verursachen konnen, was allerdings langst bekannt war,
(4) dass die Pflanzen durchaus normal gedeihen, wenn die, Nahrstoffe in 1oslicher Form dargeboten worden, was ebenfalls bekannt war, seitdem Wasserkulturen mit Knop’schen Nahrlosungen ausgefuhrt worden sind.
On the Nucleus of Synchytrium Puerarie, Miyabe.
(Preliminary Note.) By
S. Kusano.
With one Figure.
On the cytology of Synchytrium, especially the structure of the nucleus and the nuclear division, not much attention has been paid as in the case of other groups of Phycomycetes. Among the authors” who have more or less concerned with the cytological studies of this genus, STEVENS seems to have laid special stress upon the finer structure of the nucleus, not only at the resting stage but also at the mitotic division. In Syn- chytrium decipiens he mentioned, as unique phenomena, the early dissolution of the nuclear membrane previous to mitosis, the persistence of its remains as a granular halo aronnd the meta- phase and anaphase figures, the peculiar mode of spirem and spindle formation, ete. The writer found, during the phyto- pathological study of a gall of Pueraria Thunbergiana caused by Synchytrium Puerariz, that the fungus shows a close af- finity in morphological as well as biological respects to S. decipiens. Especially the enormous size of its nucleus has drawn the writer’s attention and led to examine the behaviour of the nucleus throughout the development of the fungus. The materials were fixed with FLEMMING’s and KEISER’s solutions. The sections were stained with FLemmMING’s triple stains or after HErDEN- HEIN’s iron-haematoxylin method, and examined under high
1) DaNGEARD, Le Botaniste 2. 1590. p. 63; Rosin, Cohn’s Beitrg. z. Biol. d. Pf. VI. 1893. p. 237; Harper, Ann. of Bot. XIII. 1897. p. 467; Srrvnns, Bot. Gaz, XXXYV. 1903. p. 405; Lomwentruatn, Zeitschrift f Krebsforschung IIT. 1905, Archiv f. Protistenkunde V. 1905.
本 1
Junn, 1907] . KUSANO.—NUCLEUS OF SYNCHYT. PUERARLA. 119
magnification using the apochromatic 2.0 mm. objective of ZEISS with compensating oculars. The results obtained up to the present may be briefly stated as follows :
1. The nucleus of the swarm-spore contains from two to three small chromatic granules and a comparatively small, somewhat compressed nucleolus lying on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane.
2. In the youngest fungus body infecting the host cell, the nucleus becomes soon prominent in its size, accompanied by the enlargement of the nucleolus while the chromatic and achromatic substances are comparatively small in quantity.
3. At somewhat advanced stage the chromatic globules of various sizes increase in number, accompanying the vacuolation of the enlarging nucleolus. The former collect into. irregular heaps encasing the nucleolus. They are probably derived from the nucleolus.
4. In the full grown nucleus we find numerous secondary nucleoli passing out after the other from the primary nucleolus and leaving large vacuoles inside the latter. They are connected in links or scattered irregularly in the cavity of the nucleus. It seems to the writer that they correspond to what STEvENs
6 り
has given as the large “‘ globules of chromatin ”’ in S. decipiens. We see, however, in a well-differentiated preparation that they are quite different from the usual chromatin in staining qualities.
5. In both primary and secondary nucleoli, condensation of chromatic substance which was previously existed uniformly in them, now takes place. At first it arranges itself in the peri- pheral portion of each nucleolus and then accumulate into chromatic globules, whereas the interior of the nucleoli loses the staining power towards hematoxylin and safranin.
6. At the next stage the ground substance of the secondary nucleoli begins to disintegrate and is transformed partly to the linin or achromatic substance, by which the chromatic globules are set free (see STEVEN’S Fig. 5.)
7. Gradual decrease of chromatic substances now follows,
1) Bot. Gaz. XXXV. Plate XVII. Fig. 4.
120 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Yol. XXI. No, 245
and before the mitotic division only a few globules are left scattering among the large amount of the achromatic sub- . stance.
8. Just before the decrease of chromatic substance the nuclear membrane thickens apparently, owing to the deposition of numerous chromatic granules in its inner surface. Similar case may be found in Synchytrium decipiens and STEVENS assumed it in the latter fungus to be the first step of the transformation of the membrane into a granular halo around the karvokinetic figures. In S. Puerariz no connection between the membrane and the halo is ascertained, for the former becomes somewhat faint and begins to disappear after the decrease of chromatic substance.
9. The fate of the ground substance of the primary nucleolus is nearly similar to that of the secondary nucleoli. It produces pseudopodia-like processes and disintegrates into the radiating striations, often carrying the chromatic globules. At this time the nuclear membrane disappears entirely and the remaining chromatic globules are finally transformed into chromosomes.
10. The spindle is then formed at the center of the achro- matic striations. Its origin is not apparent. Sometimes a remnant of the nucleolus may be seen near the spindle. The striations become gradually inconspicuous and change into the granular mass surrounding the spindle. It corresponds exactly to what STEVENS denoted as a halo which originates, according to him, from the nuclear membrane. At later stage the halo becomes faint and gradually disappears.
11. The chromosomes are globular or slightly oblong in form and five in number.
12. The daughter chromosomes fuse together at the telo- phase and form a round mass at the pole. This mass represents the nucleolus of the daughter nucleus (a, b). It shows that the chromatic substanee is contained in the nucleolus and the chromosomes originate from the latter.
13. At the resting stage the structure of the daughter nucleus and the nuclei of the succeeding division is quite the same as that of the primary nucleus. The process of the
TERE 10074 KUSANO.—NUCLEUS OF SYNCHYT. PUERARLA. 121
division is also essentially the same, except the absence of the halo-formation in later divisions.
14. At the end of the telophase a centrosome-like body appears suddenly near the mass of the daughter chromosomes (b). It has prominent kinoplasmic radiations and one or more well-stained granules in the center. It concerns with the forma- tion of the nuclear membrane, the process of which is quite similar to that of the formation of “Hautschicht ” in the ascospores (c, d).” When the membrane is completely formed no trace of this body is found (e).”
を ず 4° I 5 で ロ ry ~~ os a ~ oe as Cal nm 回 Xe < ° 02 ) este Pe < "< て PY ‘ « - Ne N> で ご “ we tae ~~, Ney @ * e ae 2, 2 8 oe @ soe ° ; hoo > se a’ に AS ig ーー ンー バ 4 Pees ase eee oS NI Ci の デーン SS で AS 00 Ache a x t GAS: pea Ne So BS ” cate, Seal mae e
15. The writer has also studied the resting nuclei of Synchy- trium decipiens and found that their structure is essentially the same as that of S. Puerariza. Although the writer has not yet investigated the karyokinetic stages of the former, he is inclined to conclude, judging from the evidence on hand, that the details of the division would be almost identical to the latter species.
1) Harper, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. XXX. 1897. p. 249. 2) Kusano, Bot. Mag. XXI. 1907. p. (149).
JAPANESE BOTANICAL LITERATURE.
Takahashi, Y., Notes on cereal rusts in Japan. (Tran- sactions of Sapporo Natural History Society, Vol. I. Part. 1, 1905-6, p. 39-50). (Japanese with English résume).
All the species of the cereal rusts reported from Europe namely, Puccinia graminis Prers., P. glumarum (Scum.) ERIKS. et HENN., P. triticina ERIKS., P. dispersa, Erixs., P. simplex (Korn.) ERIKs. et HENN. and P. coronifera KrLEB. are found to occur on Japan- ese grain crops. )
Generally speaking, of these six species, P. glumarum is most common, attacking wheat and barley to a large extent. P. tri- ticina and P. simplex are of common occurrence in Hokkaido, seriously attacking their respective host. These two species are found also in Honshu. P. graminis appears on wheat much later than either P. gluminarum or P. triticina, and causes a very little or almost no damage to the crop. P. coronifera causes also practically no damage. So far P. dispersa is known only from Hokkaido, where rye iscultivated for experimental purposes. Its aecidium stage is not yet found there, and the teleutospores are very rarely formed. The fungus probably passes the winter in its uredo stage. K. Miyake.
Manabe, A., On the cereal rusts in the vicinity of Koma- ba, Tokyo. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo, Vol. XX. Oct, and Nov. 1906, p. (238)-(244), (273)—(298) (Japanese).
The author made careful investigations on the cereal rusts in the vicinity of Komaba, the site of the Agricultural College of the Imperial University, from March to June, 1906. The following three species of rust fungi were found :
Puccinia glumarum ERIKS. et HENN. on wheat.
Puccinia simplex ERIKS. et HENN. on barley.
Puccima triticina ERIKS. on wheat.
Rye and Oats were found to be free from infection. The author has also studied many specimens of cereal rusts from various parts of Japan, and found, besides the above mentioned three, the following two species :
Puccinia graminis Pers. on barley and wheat.
Puccima coronifera KLEB. on Oats. K. Miyake.
‘ -
CONTENTS.
2 ‘Nakai :—Ranunculacez of Sachaline collected by Mr. G. Naka- ee a eR a
| Matenda On 1 stechadosmum HANCE. , aye Aa ae
SURRENT LITERATURE : nae
&z Tobler, Zur Morphologie und Bit wick ee von os ML Algenthallas —C. Scottsberg, Zur Kenntnis der Subantarkt- ate oe und antarctischen Meeresalgen. 1. Pheophyceen. . . . (19)
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Enzyme of Myxomycetes; Ou he Behavior of Yeast towards the : ; ‘source of nitrogen; List of plants of northeastern Provinces; Book notes: Personals ewes kD ee ee
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Ranunculacez of Sachaline, Collected by Mr. G. Nakahara.
By
MeN alka.
In the last summer, Mr. G. Nakahara, who was sent by the University, made a collecting trip to the southern part of Sachaline and brought back a large amount of botanical specimens. Being engaged in the study of Korean flora I thought that it would be not uninteresting to compare the plants of the Peninsula with those of the island. First of all I took up the Ranunculaceze of the newly arrived collection for the study and the following list is the result. Those marked with asterisk are new to Sachaline flora.
Atragene alpina L.
LINN. Sp. Pl. (2. ED.) p. 764. @lemaus alpina (Oo) rt DC. Prod. I. p. 10: 8. ochotensis REGEL et TILING.
meer. Il Radd i, p, 9, .Fr. ScumipT, Reis. m Amur. Insel. Sachl. p. 101.
Atragene alpina L. var. platysepala Maxim. in Prim. FI. mir. ps 12. 3
Atragene alpina LL. floribus violaceis, Maxim. in Mel. Big. SD G03.
Atragene ochotensis PALLAS. in LEDEB. FI. Ross. I. p. 4. ‘Kom. Fl. Mansh. II..p. 276.
Clematis ochotensis PorR. in DC. Prod. I. p. 10.
124 THE BOUANICAL MAGAZINE... [Vol. XXI. No. 246.
Hab. Toreipachi: Juni. 24. 1906. fl.; Torechapachi : July 5. 1906. fl. Dist. Sibiria, Manshuria, Korea et Japonia
Thalictrum aquilegifolium L. Nom. Jap. Karamatsuso.
Linn. Sp. Pl. (2. ED.) p. 770. DC. Prod: Tl. p. 1TN em Fi Ross: Tiga. “5: REGEL, Pl. Radd. I. p. 12. Fr. Scumipt. lc. p.101. FRAR. et SAv. Enum. Pl: Jap. Di LEcoyER. Monog. Thal. p. 75. Hur, in Herb. Boiss. (1897) p: 1069. Kom. FI Manshy di) p,°303; Hab. Sorowiyofuka: Juni. 23. 1906. fl. Dist. Europa, Asia med. et bor. et Japonia.
Thalictrum minus L.
Linn. Sp. ます 2 BN pmo. DC. lespailat Thalictrum Kemense FR. in Fr. Scumipt, lc. p. 101. var. elatum Lec. nom. jap. Akikaramatsu.
Lec. Monog. Thal: p. digo.) Bursa, Le. 0 Thalictrum elatum Jacg. DC. Le. p. 18. Leven. Le. p. 8.
Hab. 'Korusakofu: Juli. 11. 1906. fl. Nayoro: aug.
1906. ar. Dist. Europa, Asia et Japonia.
Anemone debilis Fiscu. Nom. Jap. Hime-ichigeso
Max. in Mel, Big. IX. p, 607. Fran. et Say. ‘lc. IN Kom. Le. p. 268.
Anemone coerulea DC. /7 gracilis, Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. I. p. 14. Maxim. in Prim. Fl. Amur. p. 17. REGEL, l.c. I: p. 16.
es NAKAI—RANUNOCULACEH) OF SACHALINE. 125
Anemone gracilis FR. SCHMIDT. l.c. p. 102. Hab. Toreipachi: Juni. 24. 1906 fr. Dist. Kamtschatca, Manshuria et Japonia.
Anemone flaccida Fr. Scumipr. Nom. Jap. Nirinso.
Fo Scumipt. tic) p. 103." Fran. et Sav. Ee Tp. 6. Forses et Hemstey. Ind. Fl. Sin. in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXIII. p. 11. Kom, D 268.
Hab. Toreipachi: Juni. 24: 1906. fl.
Dist. China, Manshuria et Japonia.
Ranunculus aquatilis L.
imneeop Pl. (2. BD:) p. 781. DE. Le: p、 26. a. longifolius Ross. Maxim. in Prim. Fl. Amur. p. 19. FR. Scumuipr. 1.c. p. 104. Hab. Kurestokce: June 23. 1906. ster. Dist. Amur.
Ranunculus japonicus THunn. Nom. Jap. Miyama-kinpoge.
runes a cams soc. Il. p. 8387. DCs lc p29. Fr. Gap Ave te, p: (cb Tgp, 266, Kom: FI.’ Mash. MI p. 296. Ranunculus acris L. in Forbes et Hemsley. 1.c. p. 13. Ranunculus acris L. と. grandiflorus, REGEL et MAAck. in REGEL. pl. Radd. I. p. 48. Fr. Scgrwrpr. 1.c. p. 105. Ranunculus propinguus A. C. Mey. in Max. Prim. Fl. Amur. p. 20. Ranunculus asiaticus THuns. (non L.) in Fl. Jap. p. 241. Hab. Ripas fluminis Susuya, Junio. 1906, fl. Dist. China, Manshuria et Japonia.
126 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 246,
Ranunculus multifidus Pursn.
DC. lc. p. 34. A. Gray et) S. Watson. Syn. Flo NII i. お の 4、 Ranunculus Gmelin DC. 1.c. p. 34. Ranunculus hyperboreus var. radicans et multifidus, in HooK. Bi Brit: ind: すわ Ranunculus Langsdorfi DC. 1.c. p. 34. Ranunculus Purshii Hoox. の . 3. in LEDEB. FI. Ross. I. p. 35. Ranunculus radicans C. A. Mey. in LEpsB. FI. Alt. II. p. 316. Fl. Ross. I. p. 34. FR. Scwrpr. 1.c. p. 104. Hab. Urajimirofuka: Juni: 30.1906, fl. et Pr Dobulem: Juni. 24. fl. et fr. Mitsuriyofuka: Juli. 3. 1906. fl. et Fr. Torechapachi: Juli. 5. 1906. fl. et carp: simmieie Dist. Asia et. Am. bor.
Ranunculus repens L. Nom. Jap. Har1-kinpoge.
Linn. Sp. Pl. (2.. ED.) p. 479. DC: lic. p. 98.) RONEieMl Ross. I. p. 48. RecEr. Leop. 50. FR. Scumipt. lc Di FRAN. et Sav. Lc.-1. p.\8. FORBES. et HEMSLEY. 1c. pyle
Tomi: Fl. Deutsch. Ost. u. Schw. II. p. 138. tab. 247. A. Gray. et S. Watson. Syn. Fl. N. Am. I. p. 36. Kom. le: p: 298:
Hab. Toreipachi: Junio 24. 1906. fl. Dist. Regio bor. et temp.
Ranunculus sceleratus L.
Nom. Jap. Tagarashi.
Linn. Le. p. 776. DC. lic. p. 34. LEpEB, liC.(D 45) et Sav. Le. p. 9. Forpers. et Hemsiey. lc. D: 16. THomsE., Te: p. 140. A. Gray. et S. Watson. 1.C。 p. 33. Kom. Lc. pom
Hab. Powayaparehi: Julio. 16. 1906. fr.
Dist. Reg. bor. et temp.
&
joy, gorj - 、 «|S NAKAIL—RANUNCULACE® OF SACHALINE. 127
Caltha palustris L.
Linn. 1.c. p. 784. DC. Le. p. 44. a. typica REGEL ‘Nom. Jap. Ryukinkwa. — REGEL. l.c. P. Sor ER SCHMIDT. ey. koe: Habe Lorechapachi: junio. 23. 1906, i i B. sibirica REGEL. Nom. Jap. Enkoso. Reema ke, ps Oo, we Rey SCHMIDT. Le; p. 105: Hab. Urajimirofuka: Junio. 30. 1906. fl. Distributio speciei. Reg. bor. temp. et arc.
Trollius patulis SArrSB.
perice. im irans, Winn. Soc. VIZ p. 303. DO 1e p. 46. _ の. gibiricus REGEL et Ti. Nom. Jap. Ezokinbaiso. ee SGHMIDT. l.c. p. 106. Hab. Kurestokoe: Junio 20. 1906. fl. Marotakoe: Junio 24. 1906. fl. Mists? olpinia et Vezo.
* Aquilegia Buergeriana Sires. et Zucc.
Nom. Jap. Yamaodamakz.
Sine. eb Zucc. Ele jap, fam. Nat. p. 1832: Aquilegia atropurpurea WILLD. in Mia. Prol. FI. Jap. p. 176. FRAN. et SAV. I.c. p. 12. Hab. Nayoro: Aug. 1906. fl. Dist. Japonia.
Aconitum sachalinense Fr. Scumipt.
Fr. Scumipt. I.c. p. 107.
128 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI, No. 246.
“f. latisectum m. Nom. Jap. Hirohanokarafutobushi f. foliis 5-7 sectis, lobis rhomboideis, acute dentatis. Hab. Nayoro: Aug. 1906. ff. | *f. tenuisectum m. Nom. Jap. Hosobanokarafutobushi. f. foliis 5-partitis, segmentis petiolulatis, lacinis foliorum anguste linearibus, acutissimis. Hab. Dobukn: Aug, 1906. fl. Chibisani: Aug. 1906. fl. Nayoro: Aug. 1906. fl. Distr. “specter INVeK6:
Actza spicata L.
Linn, Lc. 1p. 722: DC Velasco: 8. erythrocarpa LEDER. LEDEB. l.c. p. 72. REGEL: Le. p. 119. Fr. Scamipt. Hep 108. Hur, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. p. 308. Actea rubra LEpDEB. FI. alt. II. p. 275 (excl. Diagnos. de- scrip. et Syn.) Actza erythrocarpa Fiscu. in Kom. lc. p. 237. Hab. Toreipachi: Junio 24. 1906. fl. Dist. Sibiria, Mongolia, Manshuria.
Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk. Nom. Jap. Sarashinashoma.
Max. Prim. Fl. Amur. p. 29. FR. Scumipt, leo pang) Fran. et Sav. Ic. p. 15: Kost Ve. p. 241.
Cimicifuga foetida 1. in Mig. Prol. Fl. Jap. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. III. p. 8.
Cimicifuga foetida I. 8. in LEDER. l.c. p. 72.
Cimicifuga foetida L. var. simplex REGEL, l.c. p. 122.
Cimicifuga foetida 1. var. simplex Wormsk. Hun, in Engl. sot. Jahrb. XVI. p. 318.
Actz#a cimicifuga in Bot. Beech. Voy. Pacif. p. 112.
eee NAKAL—RANUNCULACEH OF SACHALINE. 129
4czzea cimicifuga 8? simplex DC. Lec. p. 64. Hab. Tonnaicha: Aug. 1906. fl. Dist. Europa, Asia et Japonia.
Peonia obovata Max. Nom. Jap. Yamashakuyaku.
Ras jerim, Hl AB DB 29、 REGEDy Le. p.0 124. 、 Fr. ScuHmipT. l.c. p. 109. Forses et HEMSLEY. 1.c. p. 22. Hurs, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. SSM 266. Kom. '1.c: p.:226. Hab. sine loco indicato. 1906. fr. Dist. Sibiria, Manshuria, Amur, Korea et Japonia.
Relation of Plant Growth to Root Space.” By
S. Kumakiri.
The causes of the smaller yield of plants when grown in small pots compared with such grown in larger pots have been repeatedly discussed by various authors, most recently again by Lemmermann. The final conclusion at which this author has arrived is that the condition of the soil nutrients, and especially of the water supply are less favorable in small than in large pots. It is a fact that pots kept in a glass house and manured at the same rates as is usual in the fields, will yield generally less harvest than fields for an equal number of plants. The increased supply of nitrogen by the rain can not fully explain the better growth on the fields—under otherwise equally conditions.
The roots of plants grown in small pots will run to a great extent along the walls of the pots, as Sachs had already point- ed out, hence they are on one side not in contact with the soil from which they draw the nutrients.
This unfavorable condition will not be so great in a large pot as in a small pot under otherwise equal conditions.
It is clear that the differences will increase with the number of plants and size of the species. In order to obtain here some data, the yield of a small species, spinach, was compared with that of a larger, viz., barley.
The soil serving for the experiment was aloamy humus soil and was manured per 10 kilo with:
5 g. Double superphosphate. 6-4 NaNO,
1) This article was published also in the Bulletin of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial. University. Vol. VIII. No. 8, 1907.
Jury, 1907.1 KUMAKIRI—BEL. OF PLANT GROWTH TO ROOT SPACE. [31
Za: UNE 50,
63; KOO). The small pots held 2 kilo soil while larger pots 10 kilo. The manure was certainly abundant as the number of plants
grown per pot were only two. The objection that there was ‘not enough of mineral nutrient in the small pots would there- fore have been impossible. |
On October 10, 15 seeds of spinach and 15 seeds of barley respectively were sown in each of the large pots, while the small pots received 8 of spinach seeds and 8 of barley grains respectively.
The young plants were thinned October 28 to two plants of equal size in all the pots.
The spinach plants showed at an early date a considerable difference in height.
The measurements were, cm.:
December 22. January 17. February 2.
Small pots...... { 0 aye ae 8.1 10.0 10.6 PEVICTA SS teal. Cats) 9.3 10.1 12.1 OB 計上 LG
Warce spot.<..\: { 12.4 14.2 17.8 Average ...... iDe 14.0 143
These plants were harvested on February 2 with the fol-
lowing result, g:
Small pots. Large pots. Total harvest...... { ee 3 3800 49.3 NSR2U3S 20.2 49.15
An examination of the roots in both cases revealed an im- mense difference, as in the small pots a very great number of roots were growing along the walls, very much more so than in the large pots. |
The barley plants also showed a very marked difference in height, as will be seen from the following data in cm.:
132 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 246.
December 21. January 17. March 29.
Large pots { 24.3 28.6 26.7 c 5S { NE 23 3 98 0 77 0 Small pots ...... { 14.3 Bae: 57.0 16.1 Ly 63:7
The plants in the large pots flowered earlier and ripened earlier than those in the small pots.
The plants were cut May 29 and weighed in the air-dry state:
Small pot. Large pot. 8 27 Number of Stalks...... { 5 20 9 lord Straw, 8: EEC eee { ae ot 14.5 70.8 Gra; { 8.2 41.0 PAINS, ....2.secc eee 6.0 36.0
Hence the plants in the large pots produced here 5.4 times more seed than in the small pots.
The examination of the barley roots also showed a very great difference in regard to the amount of root growing along the walls
Conclusion.
With barley the total yield in the large pots was 4.8 times of that in the small pots, while with spinach the former was 2.5 times that of the latter, hence the extent in which the roots can spread along the walls of the pots has a very great influence in diminishing the harvest.
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_Amrrcrs IN JAPANESE :— «G. Kono :—An analytical Key to the Genera of Japanese acrocar- pous Mosses (continued from P. 188)... . . 2. 1. . . 208 = Matsuda :—Second addition to a List of Chinese Plants collected Be 、。 . ・- デー
ConRsr LITERATURE :— |
| Emil Chr. Hansen, © Oberhefe und Unterhefe. Studien iiber Varia- tion und Erblichkeit. Zweite Mittheilung. 一 Th。 Weevers, Die は RS Physivlogische Bedeutung des Koffeins und des Theobromins. ーー ee
。 MScErrLANEons: 一 © ee ( Se 2 ' ~ Notes on Plants of Morioka and its Vicinity.—List of Plants of | northeastern Provinces, よ V. 一 On the Genus Chimonanthus.—
は _ Book-notes, PeesOu disor ee ee ee = ne
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Observations on Stimulation of Plant Growth.”
By S. Kakehi and K. Baba.
Effect of manganese carbonate. In experiments carried out at this College stimulating effects have been observed on plants by manganese, applied in the form of sulphate and chlorid, which salts are of course changed in the soil to humate, silicate, or phosphate. In order to exclude the influence of such a change, whereby also original compounds of potassium or sodium are transformed to sulphate or chlorid respectively, manganese was applied in out test in the form of artificial carbonate in a dose of 1 g. per pot of 10 kilo soil. As general manure per pot served: disodiom phosphate 10 g., sodium nitrate 5 g., ammonium sulphate 5 g., potassium sulphate 6 g. Two pots were sown with pea, two with barley (Oct. 10). To each case were two check pots without manganese. The Young plants were thinned to 10 per pot of equal size (Nov. 2). The pea plants were ripe May 14, the barley May 26. The
Mn-Plants. Check. Mn-Plants. | Check.
Total weight, g.… me Pe he | oe 118 84 84 | 719
Deeds, DP { oo Be be a 36 raf AS 39
Hence there was exerted a moderate stimulation with pea, the plus yield being 24%, while the small difference with barley (6%) is not very decisive. Also in former case pea had respon- ded more to stimulation than barley.
1) This Article was published also in the Bulletin of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University. Vol. VIII, no. 3, 1907.
134 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No, 247,
Comparison of the stimulating effect of fluorine
and manganese. Soil and general manure were the same .
as in the former experiment. Two pots received 0.002% man- ganese sulphate, (=40 kilo per ha) one further pot 2 milligrams sodium fluorid and another 20 mg., corresponding to 0.5 and 5 kilo Na F per ha, respectively. The stimulants were applied as top dressing in two fractions. (Feb. 20 and March 12). Eight wheat plants were allowed to grow in the pots. Since towards end of April danger from fungi developed, the plants
were cut before the ripening of the seeds and weighed in the
fresh state with the following result :
| Mn SO』 NaF 0.002 g | Na F 0.02 g. | Check | ーー ーー ーー 一 Total weight, g...... a 328 | 332 fe SOs | 298 |e Weight of ears, g... | ee 47.8 49.0 | Be 50 146.5 This gives the following ratio : ' Average of the 2. -Checkpote..4 558... See = 100 Manganese sulphate in top dressing at the rate of 40) ae kile’ pet “ha. 7:... £7). 2. Sean eee ee eee 3 aa Sodium fluorid, at therate of 0.5 kilo per hm 2 = One
Manganese sulphate had therefore in this case produced a better result than sodium fluorid ; however this may change on other soils.”
1
the but little active calcium fluorid, than in others.
In certain soils sodium flnorid may be much more quickly transformed into _
No. 248.
| AGAZINE.
tet ーーー
CONTENTS.
ARTICLES IN JAPANESE :— K. eae, Berk spot Disease of Camphorglree 2 7y クキ
Berens, LITERATURE : ーー os Ms, oslie, Antarctic and subantarctic Corallinaceae.—M. Foslie, eae i ee ; ae _Algologiske Notiser.III. 一 前 . Mobius, Notiz iber schlarchbildende : aed し Sai Diatomeen mit zwei verschiedenen Arten—R.R.Gates, Pollen Deve- eos x る lopment | in Hybrids of Oenothera lata x O. Lamarckiana, and sae é Ss AS. Relation ton. Matation.—J. M. Geerts, uber die Zahl der Chro- で に 、。 。 mosomen von Qenothera Lamarckiana—A. M. Luty, A Preliminary に | Note on the Chromosomes of Oenothera Lamarckiana and one
Pat tn. se 5 っ aa ies gor ats Bete, pets 6 le i sO 2 te
: ae MisCELLANEOUS : ーー | ae sf | 2 Microorganisms of Pipe- water. The Species of Illicium native to 8 る pags 0 _Japan and. China.—Viscum japonicum parasitic to Ligustrum . ihe: a es japonicum. —Abstracts of papers of Dr. Miyajima, Suzaki and 4 Se 。
eg cre ‘Takahashi —Book- notes, Personals, etc... と Se 289 oe 私
= "PROCEEDINGS OF THE & TOKyo Roranicar SocrETy.
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Be Foreign ‘Agents : <
0 と 2 OSWALD WEIGEL, Leipzig, Konigsstrasse 1, Deutschland.
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peer IN. Neck). As
』 。 ————— WM. WESLEY & SON, 28 Essex St. Strand, London.
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CONTENT S.
7. Wali: Observations on the Misca of Japan. (Continued. 5) i _ from や Bae ye ri cd PS Se i ee ee TOS で 、 at Antics IN JAPANESE :- — 2 Bes TRA Oe 4 ee Kawakami : 一 On Bombax malabaricum of Formosa. cl eRe take Pea Bek ar. Nakai On Polygonum scandens L. var. dentatoalatum Maxim. 265 . eae ae
ーー ヽ
... LTTERATURE :—
aoe. A, Newell Arber, On the Past History of the Ferns. 一 0. Porsch, ee Versuch einer Phylopenie des Embryosacks und der doppelten CB に _Befruchtung der Angiospermen. —Friedrich Laibach, Zur Frage 330 ee.
> nach eee cam der Chromosomen in PAlanzenreich. 02357269 本 に
Bs ge “Misc ELLANEOUS : —
he ~ Microorganisms of Bie: ee —A list of Plants of North-eastern fe Provinces, V. 一 On Chinese species of Rubia.—On the scientific | name of common. sweet potatoe.—On Cryptogramme Stelleri Prant! and Galiam triforum Michx new to Japanese Flora.— Personals, News, etc. に CICS の e's oy aed arene Care ied os 20S
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Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 88.)
By T. Makino.
Assistant in Botany, Science College, Imperial University of Tokyo.
Ipomea Batatas (Linn.) Poir.
a. Batatas Makino.
Convolvulus Batatas Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 154, et Amoen. Acad. pape Richt. Cod. m21229 >> Houtt. Linn:: Pi-Syst. Vv. Pine p 527; WUld SD 【 p. 853, et. Enum: Plo Hort. nero hp. 204 Pers, syn. eel 1. p. £78; Roxb. Fl. Ind: I. p. Zee ng cit. lort. Kew. ed. 2, p: 331; Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. I. p. fae blame, Bijdr p. (12; our. 1 Cochinch. ed. Willd..p..131; Berea: cyst. Vee. Ip. 6075 Nutt: Gen. N. Am. Pl. 1. p. 123.
Ipomeea Batatas Poir. in Lam. Encycl. VI. p. 14; Meisn. eevee. ie Brasil. VI 282 Reem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. Mase. 20s. Orisebi Fl, Brit. W.-Ind:. p. 468 (a, 8: leucorrhiza, 7. porphyrorhiza) ; Hemsl. Bot. in Cent.-Am. II. p. 384; Clarke petlook- it. Elo Bt Indiv: p. 202; A. Gray, Syn. EL -N. moe ap. 2115 Pov Muell: Sel. Ext.-Trop- Pl. (1885) p. 185; Hillebr. Fl. Hawai. Isl. p. 314; Sincl. Indig. Fl. Hawai. Isl. tab. to- Peter in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pfl.-Fam. lV: 3\a,-p. 30; Diels in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. X XIX. p. 544; Henry, List Pl. Formos. peoe - Liver, Cat. Ai: PIC Bicotyl.-(1898) py 736.
Ipomeea Batatas Sieb. Syn. Pl. Oecon. Jap. in Verh. Batav. Genoot. XII. p. 35, ex parte, non Poir.
Ipomoea Batatas «. edulis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. Il. p. 442, excl. syn. Convolvulus edulis Thunb.
Batatas edulis Choisy, Conv. Or. (1833) p. 53, et jn DC. Prodr. EX: p: 339 ; Mig. Fk Ind. Bat. Il. p. 599 ; Zolling. Syst. Ker. Juad:-Archip. p.128q-sccem. FI. Vit. p. 170; Drury, Usef. 旧作 meied 2 0 (25 dvowe, Fl. Made. Il. jp: 51 (a. cordifolia,
136 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. PSNR
3. digitata); Wood, Cl.-Book Bot. p. 571; Debeaux, Fl. Shangh. p. 96, et Fl. Tchef. p. 239, obs., non Convolvulus edulis Thunb. |
Batatas edulis Sieb. et Zuce. in Abhandl. Acad: Muench. IV. 3, p. 148; Mig. Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 25; Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. p. 330, observ., pro parte, non Choisy. 3
Batatas edulis 3. xanthorhiza Choisy in DC. Prodr. IX. p. 338. | | Batatas edulis 7. platanifolia Choisy, 1. c. p. 339.
Convolvulus esculentus Salish. ‘Prodr. p. 123’; Spreng. Syst. Veo... S0F.
Ipomeea Catesbzi1 G. F. W. Mey. ‘ Prim. FI. Esseq. p. 113.’
Batatas xanthorhiza Bojer, ‘ Hort. Maurit. p. 225.’
Convolvulus septangularis Steud. ‘Nom. ed. 2, I. p. 411.’
Convolvyulus tuberifer Steud. |. c. p. 412.
Nom. Jap. Amerika-imo, Benri-1imo.
Hab. Japan, cultivated.
This is cultivated in the southern parts of this country. The leaves and tuberous roots differ from those of the next variety.
3. edulis (Thunb.) Makino.
Convolvulus edulis Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784) p. 84; Willd. Sp. Pl. I. p. 875; Pers. Syn. Peep. 182); Sprene. Syst} Ves wien 607 ; Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. IV. p. 286.
Ipomeea edulis Makino in Iinuma’ SOmoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, I. 4 (1907) p: 38 tab.. 25:
Batatas edulis Sieb. et ZZucc. in Abhandl. Akad. Muench. IV. 3, p. 148; Mig. Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 25; Franch. et- Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. p. 330, observ., pro parte, non Choisy.
Ipomoea Batatas Sieb. Syn. Pl. Oecon. Jap. in Verh. Batav. Genoot. XII. p. 35, pro parte, non Poir. .
Convolvulus fastigiatus Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. p. 468; Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. IV. p. 302.
Ipomeea fastigiata Sweet, ‘ Hort. Brit. ed. 1, p. 288, et ed. 2, p. 372’; Meisn. ‘in Mart) Fl. Brasil. VI DI 267 4286U Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 468 (4., 8. platanifolia) ; Hemsl. Bot. in iol. Cent.-Am. II. p.-387¢2 Mig. Fl.» Ind) OU IN pe cise
pi eS a Ca
Ocr. 1907.] MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 137
Choisy an DC. Prodr. [X. p. 380 : Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Brit. tnd—1V op; 209 > Forbes et -Hemsl. im Journ: Linn. Soc. XX VI- pe 59 > eter in Engl. et) Prantl, Nati. Pi-Fam--1V, 3:4, p. 30; Diels in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. X XIX. p. 544.
Ipomoea Batatas var. fastigiata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. II. p- 442.
Convolvulus platanifolius Vahl, ‘Symb. Bot. III. p. 26’; Willd-Sp. Pl. Tp. 850:
Ipomeea platanifolia Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. IV. p. 220.
Convolvulus roseus Mill. ‘Gard. Dict. ed. 8, n. 18’; Roem. ee Schult. syst. Veo. [Y= p-300. :
_ Convolvulus essequebensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. I. p. 600. Ipomaea cymosa G. F. W. Mey. ‘ Prim. FI. Esseq. p. 99.’ Ipomeea pandurata G. F. W. Mey. l. c. p. 100.
Ipomeea stenocolpa Garcke in Liunea, XXII. (1849) p. 67.
Ipomeea alba Garcke, 1. c.
Nom. Jap. Satsuma-imo, Kara-imo.
Hab. Japan, widely cultivated.
Convolvulus edulis Thunb. was hitherto considered as synonym of Ipomeea Batatas (Linn.) Poir., but it should be identified with 7. fastigiata (Roxb.) Sweet.
Calystegia hederacea Wall. var. pentapetala Ma- kino.
Corolla deeply 5-parted ; lobes angustate, acuminate, few- dentate.
Nom. Jap. Fugire-hirugao.
Icon. linuma’s Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 2, IV. n. 24.
Hab. Japan, cultivated.
Aster Maackii Regel, Tent. Fl. Ussur. n. 252.
Aster Kodzumanus Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, XXI. (1907) p. 16. :
Nom. Jap. Higo-shion. _
Hab. Prov. Hico (H. Kodzuma !).
ee ae a
138 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 249.
Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. Syn. Pl. Oecon. Jap. in Verh. Batav. Genoot. XII. (1830) p. 49, n. 268.
var. striatus (Thunb.) Makino.
Celastrus striatus Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784) p. 98; Willd. Sp. Pl. I. p. 1126; Pers. Syn. PIT. p. 242; Roem. et Schult. Syst Veg. V. p. 419; DC. Prodr. IL p. 6; Franch: et Sav: Exum Pl. Jap. I. p. 80, et IL. p. 314. ;
Euonymus subtriforus Blume, Bijdr. p. 1147 (1826) ; Sieb. et Zuce. in Abhandl. Akad. Muench. IV. 2, p. 151.
Euonymus alatus 3. subtriforus Franch. et Sav. Enum. PI. Jap. Ti. +p, 311; Maxim: ange Biol. Xi p31 96, |
Euonymus alatus 8. apterus Regel, Tent. Fl. Ussur. p. 41, tab. 7, fig. 2-3.
Nom. Jap. Ko-mayum1.
Hab. Japan.
Celastrus articulatus Thunb. var. punctatus (Thunb.) Makino.
Celastrus punctatus Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784) p. 97; Blume, Bydr. p. 1145; Spreng. Syst. Veg. I. p. 775; Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. V. p. 419; DC. Prodr. II. -p..6; Mig: Prol. Fi p. 17; Franch: et Sav.. EnumiePl. Jap. ip: 80:
Celastrus striatus ? Mig. Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 142.
Celastrus articulatus 2. Maxim. in Mél. Biol. XI. p. 201.
Celastrus kiusianus Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. II. p. 314.
Seandent; branches elongate, slender, glabrous, terete, many- striato-angulate when dried, ferruginous, dispersed with white lenticels ; branchlets patent, foliose. Leaves petiolate, elliptical, oblong-elliptical, or obovato-elliptical, shortly produced with an obtuse tip at the apex, acute at the base, depressed-crenate with incurved and calloso-mucronate teeth, narrowly revolute on margin, coriaceous, glabrous, green and shining above in recent, paler beneath, 3-7 cm. long, 14-43 cm. broad; veins 4-5 on each side, impressed above in recent but more or less elevated when dried; petiole 3-14 mm. long. Capsule globose, gla- brous, pedicelled, 1-2 to a cyme which is much shorter than leaves. Seeds yellow-arillate.
wae
Ocr. 1907.] MAKINO—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 139
Nom. Jap. Teriha-tsuruumemodokt1.
Hab. Prov. Hizen (T. Makino ! Aug. 1907).
This variety in living condition differs evidently from the type (C. articulatus Thunb.) by having the shining and impressed- veined leaves, although the dried specimens cannot readily be distinguished from it.
Arisema heterophyllum Blume, Rumphia, I. p. 110; Kosch; baum. Fle iil», 20; Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid:;p..55; Net. Browm in fourm: demim-ooc:. X VIL p. 250, eb XXXVI. peeits ; Makino in Bot. .Mag., Tokyo, XL (1897) p. 33, et XV. (1901) p. 134.
Nom. Jap. Maidzuru-tennansho.
Hab. Prov. Hico in Kiusiu (K. Ikeda ! 1906).
Distrib. China and Corea. |
Polygonatum ibukiense Makino.
Polygonatum Periballanthus var. tbukiense Makino in Bot. Wine eholkyvo, Xcea(1598)' 229, et. XV. (I9OL)\ p. Lol.
Polygonatum nipponicum Makino, |. c. XVII. (1903) p. 51.
Nom. Jap. [buki-waniguchi.
Icon. Hinnma's SOmoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 2, VI. n. 4.
Hab. Prov. Omi: Mt. Ibuki (Y. Kawasaki! 1906).
Cry ptogramme Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. Ill. p. 413; Diels in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pfl.-Fam. I. p-. 280:
Pteris Stelleri Gmel. ‘Nov. Comment. Acad. Petrop. XII. p. 519, tab. 12, fig. 1 (1768).’
Allosorus Stelleri Rupr. ‘in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. III. p. 48’; Kedeo) BieRoss! iV. p.-o26. Moore, Ind: Bill -p. 46 ; Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. tab. 73; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. IL. p: 805.
Pellaa \Steller1 Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 1 (1868) p. 453; Sm. Bemis rit.-er tor. ed: 2° (£896) p.309; Watt, “Can. Fil: n. 2’: hedde “Berns Brit. Ind-ver-Ceyl.. (1883); p. 100, fig. 51 : Britt.
140 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 240,
et Br. Il. FI.N. Un. St. et Camm: p. 29 5nee8 enrich) fanaa d. Erde, p: 157.
Allosorus sitchensis var. Stelleri Milde, Fil. Eur. et Atl. As. Min. et Sibir. (1867) p. 26.
Pteris gracilis Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. II. p. 262 ; Swartz, Syn. Fil. -:p. 99; Willd. Sp. Pl V..po376 ; Hook.f. NO SANNINI8 264 ; Wood, Cl.-Book Bot. p. 819.
Allosorus gracilis Presl, Tent. Pteridogr. p. 153 ;. Kunze in Linnea, XXIII. p. 219; A. Gray, Man. Bot. p. 264, et ed32: p. 591, tab. 9; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 44.
Cheilanthes gracilis Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 209; Spreng. Syst. Ver. -1V>p: Mao:
Pellza gracilis Hook. Sp. Fil. II. (1858) p. 138, tab. 183 B; Hook. ‘et Baker, Syn: Fil. prea4s ; Eaton, Herns NN: Amira (1880) p. 65, tab. 54, fig. 8-10; Eaton in A. Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 5, p. 659, tab. 15 ; Clarke Ferns N. Ind. in Trans? gia soc. Ser. 2, I. p» 460.
Cryptogramme gracilis Torrey, ex Kunze, |. c. p. 219.
Pteris minuta Turcz. ‘ Cat. Baik.-Dah. n. 1346.’
Allosorus minutus Turcz. ‘ex Trautv. Imag. Pl. Fl. Russ. p29 tas:
Nom. Jap. Yatsugatake-shinobu (nov.).
Hab. Prov. SHINANoO : Mt. Yatsugatake (7. Makino! Aug. 1907).
New to the Flora of Japan.
Sanguisorba hakusanensis Makino, sp. nov.
Perennial, about 2—3 m. in height, glabrous. Stem erect, robust, very laxly leafy, often loosely branched above, or some- times simple, exceeding the radical leaves. Radical leaves
long-petiolate, about 11-13-foliolate : cauline leaves smaller, ©
about 5-11-foliolate ; leaflets shortly petiolulate, elliptical to oblong, cordate to obtuse at the base, obtuse to emarginate to the apex, attaining about 9cm. long, 4cm. wide, obtuse- or acutish-serrate ; rachis pubescent at the nodes in front. Spikes cylindrical, cernuous, about 8cm. long; rachis tomen-
toso-pubescent ; bracts ovato-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, ob-
: r 4 e . q = as
03 MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 141
tuse or acutish, 1-nerved, pubescent dorsally and ciliated as are bracteoles, longer than the ovary, 23-3 mm. long ; bracteoles 2, shorter than the bract, deltoid or ovato-deltoid, acute. Flowers centrifugally expanded, numerous, dense, rose-purple, sessile, about 7mm. across. Calyx-lobes patent, obtuse and calloso- mucronate at the apex, 3-nerved towards the centre, puberulent below externally ; the outer 2 somewhat narrower, oval to elliptical; the inner 2 orbiculate; the tube ovato-oval, com- pressed, 4-angled, puberulent above, about 13mm.long. Disk inconspicuous. Stamens 9-11, long-exserted, 3-times as long as calyx-lobes, about 10 mm. long; filament filiform, gradually dilated and flattened upwards, suddenly short-attenuated at the apex ; anther rounded, nearly 1 mm. long, dark-purple. Style much shorter than filaments, hardly longer than calyx-lobes, filiform ; stigma subcapitate, fimbriate. Ovary included, oval, compressed, glabrous. Fruit: calyx-tube about 2 mm. long, oval, compressed, 4-angled, ron but puberulent at the apex.
Nom. Jap. Karaito-so.
Hab. Prov. Kaca: Mt. Hakusan (R. Yatabe and J. Matsu- mura! herb. Sc. Coll. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Aug. 8, 1881); Prov. SEINANoO : Mt. Shirouma (Y. Yabe! herb. ibid. Aug. 25, 1902).
This species has a close resemblance to S. obtusa Maxim., but the number of stamens and the colour of anther will dis-
_ tinguish them.
Sanguisorba grandiflora Makino, sp. nov. Sanguisorha tenuifolia 3. Ed70028 Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur.
p. 94° Perennial, about 2—3 decim. or more high. Rhizome thick, oblique, covered with old bases of petioles, rufous. — Radical
leaves several, ascending, 11-19-foliolate, about 9-16 cm. or more long including the petiole, which is short or long (about 2-7 cm. long) and often crispate rufo-pubescent below with a vaginate purple base; cauline leaves much smaller and a few in number with a few leaflets ; leaflets extremely petiolulate but sessile in the superior ones, sometimes minutely stipellate, ovate to oblong, acutish to subcordate at the base, obtuse or acute,
142 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 249,
acutely serrate, attaining about 3cm. long, 13cm. wide, gla- brous; rachis slender, pubescent at nodes in front. Stem erect, glabrous but thinly paleaceo-pubescent with rufous crispate hairs towards the base, exceeding the radical leaves, sparingly branched above, each branch monostachyus. Spike erect, cy- lindrical, crass, about 2—5cm. long, 14-14cm. across; rachis pubescent ; bract lato-linear or spathulato-linear, attenuated above with an obtuse tip, carinate, arcuato-subgeniculate, thick- ly membranaceous, purplish-rufous, pubescent, shorter than the flowers and about 3-5 mm. long; bracteoles subulate, ovato_ subulate, or subulato-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, pubes- cent, 13-2 mm. long. Flowers centrifugally expanded, numer- ous, dense, sessile, about 5mm. in diameter, greenish-white or purplish above. Calyx-lobes patent, often reflexed at the apex, 4. but often 5-6, thickish towards the obtuse tip, obscurely carinate dorsally, 24-3mm. long, ovato-oblong to ovato-orbicu- lar, puberulent below externally ; tube oval, puberulent above, compressed, 4-angled, 13-2 mm. long, but in fruit alato-orbicu- late and attaining about 32mm. in width. Disk small, hemi- spheerical. Stamens 4, but abnormally 5-6, exserted, about one-half longer than the calyx-lobes, 4-5 mm. long; filament gradnally dilated and flattened upwards, shortly attenuated at the apex, narrower than the anther; anther rounded, dark- purple, with oblong cells. | Style shorter than the calyx-lobes, filiform ; stigma capitato-fimbriate. | Ovary included, elliptical, compressed; placenta hairy. Achene ovato-elliptical, compress- ed, about 24 mm. long.
Nom. Jap. Chishima-waremoké (nov.).
Hab. Prov. Cuisuima (Kurile): Isl. Shimushu (kK. Yendo! herb. Sc. Coll. Imp. Univ. Tekyo, Aug. 18,1903; S. Amaesna herb. ibid. Aug. 1904).
This differs from S$. obtusa Maxim. by the shorter stamens and dark-purple anthers, and from S. tenuifolia Fisch. by the form of bracts, not having truncate filaments, thicker and shorter spike, and broader leaflets.
(To be continued.)
NICAL MAGAZINE,
Be CONTENTS. SA る
Es. Kusano :~Phobochemotaxis e the Swarm- Ne of Myxomy- 上 人 a I Aa a ee eB oT. Makino :—Observations on ‘the: Flora. of Japan. VS from p. PLDs eg Pe ae sits 。 154 Japanese Borantcar LITERATURE. ee ee ee Neorg he
“3
ee IN JAPANESE ーー
oo, Kawamura :—On spotted Bamiboos. Re ee ey Dae er is oe Shirai On the northern Limit of Distribution of Citrus '「
_trifoliata. ee a eee. < eee eee ee Soy S07
Current rmRATOsg : ーー ee eS p is 0. Schreiner and H. Ss. Reed, Th he Production of Ros Excre- _tions. 一 は . G. Eedgcock, Studies upon some chromogenic Fungi.
a 2. i. Campbell, NIS on the Ophioglossaceae. Se a ae wees a0
: ‘Miscet1anzous ae
A new Discovery in Cycadaceae. —On the Diseases of Corean Gin: _seng. —List of plants of north-e sastern Provinces, VI. 一 List of _ Plants of Mt. Fanakata. —Book-notes, Personals, GtGS SE 306
上 ene oF THE, ToKyo BoTANrCAL SOCrETY.
Notice : * The Botanical Magazine is published monthly. Subscription price per annum * “(inel. ‘postage) for Europe 10 frances (=8 shillings), and for America 2 dollars. All _ letters and communications to be addressed to the TOKYO BOTANICAL SOCIETY, 、 Botanical Institute, Botanic Garden, Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan. Remit- - tances from foreign countries to be made by postal money orders, payable in Tokyo to Ss. Yoshizoe。 Botanic 5 Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Phobo-chemotaxis of the Swarm-spores of Myxomycetes.”
By
S. Kusano.
The chemotactic movement of the swarm-spores of Myxo- mycetes was first observed by SrANeg in 1890.”) He found that the swarm-spores of Chondrioderma diftorme and Aethalium septicum are attracted by some organic acids, such as malic, butylic, valerianic and propionic acids, and some of their neutral salts of alkali metals, but never by inorganic and other organic acids, such as phosphoric, tartaric and citric acids. Moreover, he came to the conclusion that the attractive substance is, more or less, specialized to each species. For instance, Chondrioderma is especially attracted by malic acid and asparagin while Aethalium on the other hand is attracted more strongly by lactic, butylic and valerianic than by malic acid. Basing on the modern theory of electric dissociation it may be remarked that STANGE’s investigation is not yet conclusive as for the active component of solutions tested by him. Consequently, in the present study much attention has been thrown upon this point, while intending to extend our knowledge on the chemotaxis of the other Myxomycetes.
For the material of this experiment I have collected nearly twenty species of Myxomycetes at the Botanic Gardens, Koishi- kawa. From all fresh collections, however, only three species, namely Aethalium septicum, Stemonitis fusca and Comatricha longa, have produced swarm-spores most easily in distilled or tap-water. Especially Aethalium, supplying the most active
1) A preliminary report read before the Tokyo Botanical Society. May, 1907. A short account has already appeared in Japanese in Bot. Magaz. XX. 1906. p. 28. 2) STANGE, Bot. Ztg. XLVIII. 1890. p. 107.
144 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI, No. 250,
swarm-spores within a short time after sowing, was found to be the fittest material. The experiment was, therefore, made mainly with it, not, however, forgetting the verification of results obtained with the other two species.
In testing the chemotactic action of the substances I follow- ed mainly the well-known capillary method of PFEFFER.” The substances used are pure chemical compounds as well as extracts from vegetable bodies, comprising acidic, basic and neutral, or easily dissociable as well as less or not dissociable substances.
Nearly all substances used in the experiment act upon the three species of Myxomycetes in an almost similar manner: at moderate concentrations all acidic substances attract, and basic substances repel them, while neutral substances are indifferent, if they are not poisonous like some heavy-metal salts. The intensity of action is proportional to the degree of acidity or alkalicity of the solution in the capillary.
The acids which were tested by the capillary method amount to twenty one in number. Among these, the attraction of mineral acids is stronger than the most organic acids at the necessary equimolecular concentration. Generally, a dibasic acid acts stronger than a monobasic acid. The less dissociable or weak acids, such as tannic, boric and hydrocyanic, show no or only a very feeble action in attracting the spores near the mouth of the capillary filled with them.
The following table shows the kinds of acids and their respective actions towards the three species of Myxomycetes. Here A indicates marked attraction, a, weak attraction and ?, no definite collection, all at equimolecular concentrations. The
case in which no experiment was made is denoted by —.
Aethalium Siemonitis Yomatricha Hydrochloric atid: eeee> A A で いい Nitric acid 。 1, (ae... A A A Sulphuric acid . :) .jamee.. A A A Prosphoric acid’... Ge . A A A
り Prerrver, Pflanzenphysiologie IJ. 1904. p. 799.
を aie
Nov. 1907.) KUSANO— PHOBO-CHEMOTAXIS OF MYXOMYCETES. 145
Aethalium Stemonitis Comatricha
Gimmomiteraeidh, 2 farameee:. . Am ae eA rt ROC SIC Re eae. 5. SOE ee <n eee Formic acid . A A A Hydrocyanie acid. .a-?. as = Acetic acid =. hee Nee. A Propionic acid . ae NG es A Butylic acid . = Ae A. A Valerianic acid . AN oe 3 A acne acid ie INGE A Oxalic acid eee AS A Succinic acid. > Ne Neer A Malic acid. > hee Ma, A Tartarie acid AV Ne A iMG acid. . © ee A. A ] Picwic. acid. ... Aaa i ae b Salicylic acid. |, eon eae a Tannic acid . . 2a Paes 『
Acidic salts used in my experiment are the following :—acid calcium malate, primary calcium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium Disulphate and sodium bisulphate. All these salts exert an apparent attraction upon the swarm-spores of all given species.
Bipotassium chromate, anilin sulphate and anilin chloride give by hydrolysis acidic reaction to their solutions. Their attraction is nearly similar to that of the above cited salts.
Among the extracts from vegetable bodies the acidic ones, such as those of citrous, apple, grape and Punica fruits, or of the leaves and stems of Rumex, or of some decayed wood which is traversed by a fungus mycelium, are proved to contain an attractive substance. The intensity of their action is of course proportional to the degree of acidity.
From these experiments we can not but conclude that the positive chemotaxis of the swarm-spores of Myxomycetes has a close connection with the acidity of the substances to be tested.
146 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. IN っ 3 50
From the facts that any organic as well as inorganic neutral salt of alkali metals, alkaline earths or magnesium group tested at various concentrations shows no attraction”? and that several
basic substances—hydroxide and basic salts—exercise repulsion according to the alkalicity of the solution, it follows, in esti- mating the attraction of acidic substances, that we must at- tribute the attraction to the ion H and the repulsion to the ion OH. This conclusion would be evident should we take, for instance, HCl, NaCl and NaOH for comparison. These are easily dissociable substances and at dilute solutions remain the least undissociated molecules, so that the action must be exerted by the existing ions. Na and Cl ions being ascertained to be indifferent, the active components in the solution of HCl and NaOH should be H-and OH-ions respectively.
Glycerin, urea, cane sugar, grape sugar, milk sugar and pepton are inactive while coloroform and chloralhydrate, both of which are injurious, show somewhat repulsion. Copper sulphate and mercuric chloride being strong poisons, seem to act also repulsively.
When a capillary tube with concentrated solution of acids, 1 mol’ for instance, is inserted under the cover glass under which the swarm-spores of Aethalium’) swim about actively, we observe within 5-10 minutes an apparent reaction of the spores relatively to the acids. The acidity being too strong
Ss)
they are inhibited to approach near the mouth of the tube so that all attracted spores assemble at a certain equal distance from the mouth so as to form a complete ring. Instances of ring- collections of other organisms were enumerated in ROTHERT’S paper.” Unlike them, however, Myxomycetes forms so remark-
1) With Stemonitis a slight but apparent collection was often observed near or at the mouth of a tube filled with calcium nitrate, potassium sulphate, zine sulphate, sodium chloride or calcium chloride, not so remarkable, however, as with free acids. A special and further investigation is required on this point.
2) One mol dissolved in one litre of water.
*) Unless otherwise said all the following experiments were done with Aethalium.
4) Roruert, Flora 88, 1901. p. 371.
Nov. 1907.1 KUSANO—PHOBO-CHEMOTAXIS OF MY XOMYCETES. 147
able a ring that it can be recognized even by the naked eye as a thin white cloudy ring not essentially deforming after one hour or more.
The structure of the ring—diameter, breadth and the features of both inner and outer margins—are not similar in the case of all acids used at an equimolecular concentration in a tube of equal diameter. After 10-20 minutes sulphuric acid forms the largest ring, 4-5mm. in diameter while with hydrochloric and nitric acids it is slightly smaller. Among the organic acids, oxalic acid forms a ring nearly similar to that produced by the strong mineral acids above cited. Acetic, citric, malic, lactic and formic acids give rise to smaller rings, while the smallest and most obscure ring is obtained by tartaric acid.
The thinnest and sharpest ring is formed with sulphuric acid. The breadth of the ring ranges to 0.2-0.25mm. Outside and inside this extent the number of spores suddenly decreases, and the demarcation of both outer and inner margins of the ring is very definite. Other mineral acids form similar rings. With organic acids it is somewhat different. Oxalic acid forms a sharp ring but with greater breadth (0.3-0.4mm.). Acetic acid forms a ring of nearly equal breadth to that formed by oxalic acid, but the margin is not sharply demarcated. Malic and citric acids always form a ring with obscure margin. The thickest but most faint ring is formed with tartaric acid.
From the numerous instances of ring-collections given by various kinds of organisms we may distinguish two cases as indicating their cause To such an agency as oxygen, light, temperature or undissociable chemical substance the organism assembles at the zone of optimal concentration, while at the infra-and supra-optimal concentration of the same agency a respective attraction and repulsion may take place.) In the ease of chemotaxis with dissociable substances, however, we must take into consideration the components that may exist in the solution. The investigations of BULLER”? and SgrBaTA ウ
1) RorHeERt, loc. cit.
2) BurierR, Ann. of Bot. XV. 1900. p. 543. 3) SHrBATA, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. XIL. 1905. p. 561.
148 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Yol. XXI. No, 250.
afford an instance of the latter case. Both authors find in the chemotaxis of the spermatozoids of Pteridophyta that the ring-collections with certain acids are the resultant of the at- traction exercised by the anions and the repulsion due to the cathions, H-ions. With Myxomycetes a similar effect ex- ercised by the acids can not be ascribed to the existence of either optimal concentrations or two opponent components exclusively. To know which of the two explanations may be applicable we must first of all consider whether the acid used is strong or weak. As has been stated above, the active com- ponent of strong acids, namely sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric and oxalic acids, is exclusively H-ion. At theinfra-optimal zone of these acids the swarm-spores are stimulated by it to ap- proach the optimal zone. At the supra-optimal zone is effected the negative chemotaxis and the spores are driven back again to the optimal zone which extends with sulphuric acid to 0.2-0.25mm. on the average at the distance of 2—2.5mm. from
the mouth of a tube containing 1 mol of the acid. The con-.
centrated H-ions seem to be toxic upon the spores, for these shrink in body, become less active and come afterwards to rest. At the inner margin of the ring we observe that some spores may often fall into such danger.
Now with weak acids.`、 Take for example acetic acid. The diameter of the ring formed by it is nearly equal to that formed by strong mineral acids, so that it appears at once that the zone of optimal concentration of H-ions may be at nearly equal distance from the diffusion center, the mouth of the capillary. Taking, however, its less dissociability into consideration it must be admitted that the number of H-ions should be far less in this case. The fact that the concentration of the spores in the ring is not so dense as is the case with strong acids indicates with cetainty a less quantity of H-ions. Moreover, the diffuse collection at the outer margin of the ring caused by other weak acids must be ascribed to the infra- optimal concentration of H-ions existing at the ring. The com- ponent for repulsion 1s, therefore, not supra-optimal H-ions but certainly undissociated molecules of acids.
Nov. 1907.) KUSANO.—PHOBO-CHEMOTAXIS OF MYXOMYCETES. 149
The least amount of acid-molecules or H-ions necessary to exercise a just observable repellent action may be approximate- ly determined as follows. Fresh material of swarm-spores is transferred into the vessel with various degrees of concentration of acids and then it is observed at what degree the spores are so injured, within 40-60 minutes, as to assume round forms and to become incapable of moving actively. The critical value of each acid thus obtained is as follows:
Pvarochloric acide. .- «=. + 1/600-mol-
Nite acids -eeaemer . . 7.7. “b/600:mol: Silparaic aces saree . . 2 b/f00—1/800° mol: Oxcilie aca ee, Cw. eh OOO mol. Mecticieiie sy... 4m. . . 2d /600=1/700° mol. iVieieacicl| Se. eee. . 2k / S00 mok eBest femme: . :。 2 sb/500°mol or above.
From these we may learn that the concentrations of acids which exist at the outermost of the repulsion space or, in other words, at the inner margin of the ring, will be approximately similar to the value given in this table. At a higher concentra- tion than 1/600 mol the repellent action of hydrochloric acid is due to H-ions while that of acetic acid is due to its molecules. The table points out also that the repulsive space is greatest with sulphuric acid and smallest with malic and tartaric acids, which accords with the facts obtained by the experiments already given.
The responsiveness of the swarm-spores to acid-molecules seems to be more feeble than to H-ions, for the spores at the inner margin of the ring, where the acid-molecules predominate over the H-ions, sometimes can not escape the injurious action of the molecules, as the attractive action of H-ions here overpowers the repulsive action of molecules.?)
The injurious action of acid-molecules here concerned is
1) Acetic acid dissociates at 1/512 mol only 9.14% and at 1/1024 mol, 12.662. The co-existing ac:d-molecules are therefore much more than the H-ions.
150 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. RS ee
independent of osmotic action. An apparent injurious action, likely due to osmosis, takes place with potassium nitrate at 1/20-1/15 mol. and with cane sugar at 1/4-1/3.5 mol. It will be seen that the concentrations of acids, mentioned above as injurious to the spores, are far less than isotonic with the given concentration of potassium nitrate and cane sugar.
When a capillary tube filled with 1/100-1/150 mol hydro- chloric and nitric acids or 1/200-1/300 mol sulphuric acid is brought into action upon the swarm-spores, we observe, with- in 10—20 minutes, a dense entry of them into the tube, effect- ing ‘‘column-collections ”’ of 0.3-0.4mm. in length. At first the column lies near the mouth but after one hour it shifts to a position deep in the tube, during which no spore is found less deep or at the mouth. This phenomenon expresses the gradual transition of the optimal zone inside the tube. That the length of the column is greater than the breadth of the ring points out that the extent of optimal concentration of H-ions is wider in the tube than in the diffusion zone outside the tube with necessary solution of acids.
With 1/200-1/300 mol hydrochloric and nitric acids or 1/400-1/600 mol sulphuric acid no column-collection may be obtained. The spores which enter the tube are less numerous and distributed more diffusely. If a more dilute solution— 1/400 mol hydrochloric and nitric acid or 1/700 mol sulphuric acid—be used it is scarcely possible to recognize a definite collection in the tube. In the preceding (p. 149) we have already ascertained that such concentration is supra-optimal to the spores, so that we do not yet find the reason for non- irritability of spores at the given concentration. Such diversity of results here obtained should be ascribed, so far as I may be allowed the assertion, to a defect in the capillary method. It must be a very striking error, as it misled us to conceive the supra-optimal concentration, above determined, as below the minimal concentration of acids in attracting the spores. It seems to me that in this connection a consideration of the manner of chemotactic reaction should be necessary.
Noy. 1907.) KUSANO.—PHOBO-CHEMOTAXIS OF MYXOMYCETES. ‘(eit
- Both positive and negative chemotaxis of the swarm-spores of Myxomycetes are typically phobotactic.”» They react to a decreasing concentration and are passively collected at a higher concentration of stimulants. So that an easy or difficult collection near the mouth of the tube filled with attractive substances is dependent upon a larger or smaller area of diffusion-zone as well as upon a greater or smaller difference of concentration at the successive zones. The larger the area of the zone the more the spores enter it at random, and, if the difference of concentration at the successive zones is more sharp they can reach more frequently, during their swimming, repellent zones, in a given time, and can be drawn together more rapidly towards the source of stimulation. If, on the other hand, the difference is very small, in spite of the existence of a sufficient quantity of stimulating substances in the diffusion-zones, the swarm-spores will evince only the least inclination to enter the zone of higher concentrations, or to approach the source of stimulation. It may be permitted, therefore, to state that an apparent collection near or in the tube with stimulating subatances is by no means a necessary effect of the phobo- tactic reaction. In fact, the non-attraction of hydrochloric and nitric acids less than 1/200-1/300 mol does not show the insensibility of the swarm-spores, but merely points out their difficulties in finding out a chance to enter the tube or to approach its mouth, which might be caused by the slight difference of the concentration of acids at their diffusion-zones.
_ Basing on this reason, we are led to think that, in the phobo-chemotactic experiment, it is less advisable to apply, as in the topo-chemotaxis, the usual capillary method in the de- termination of the minimal stimuli (“Schwellenwerte ”) with chemical substances. It seems to me that the following method is, so far as Myxomycetes are concerned, more profitable. A comparatively large capillary tube is filled with swarm-spores by capillary action and, after one end of the tube has been
1) PFEFFER, loc. cit. p. 755.
152 THE BOVANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 450,
sealed, the other end is inserted in to the very dilute solution of acids to be tested. By an exceedingly dilute solution of acids or by tap-water the spores near the mouth of the tube are not arrested in motion, some moying outside the tube and some proceeding deep into it. However, if the solution of acids is somewhat higher, a reaction immediately takes place on the _ spores at or near the mouth. We see that some of those, which are previously moving towards the inner extremity of the tube reverse their direction and move backwards. This backward- motion is surely due to a perception of the decrease of the concentration of the acids. Therefore, in order to determine the minimal stimuli we must ascertain the minimal degree of the concentration of given acids, necessary to cause the first re- version of motion. It is approximately as follows :”
Hydrochloric acid. ES . - .、 . Ay LO0OORmol: Sulphuric acid .. .... Gimme «. 3 )2¢yob/2Z00005malr
Acetic acid. ...0..0 2a. 4, 000
Mahe acid... .、 « Se... ..9. 1/4000=1))/ 6000 amie Tartaric acid . . . =|... . -1/8000—-1/10000 Gia
In the preceding I have remarked that a tube containing, for instance, hydrochloric acid less than 1/300 mol does not show a visible attraction of the spores. Consequently, were the usual capillary method applied, we should have concluded that nearly 1/300 mol of hydrochloric acid might be the critical concentration to exert the minimal stimuli, a concentration about thirty times more strong than the actual value 1/10000 mol obtained by the method given above.
In 1/8000-1/4.000 mol of sodium hydroxide the swarm-spores shrink in body, though they do not come to rest. In 1/6400 mol they are mostly normal, while in 1/10000 mol they are
1) The experiment was done at nearly constant temperature 207c.
»)
*) It may be noted that the concentration of each acid given here is not far from being zsohydric.
Nov. 1907] KUSANO.—PHOBO-CHEMOTAXIS OF MYXOMYCETES, 153
quite healthy. It follows that sodium hydroxide acts injurious- ly upon the spores at a concentration above 1/10000 mol, so that they will swim away from it. From this fact we are to conclude that sodium hydroxide may perhaps induce a repellent action at a concentration below 1/10000 mol. Since 1/10000 mol is the lowest limit of the attraction with hydrochloric acid while it is nearly so strong with sodium hydroxide as to be injurious, it may be probable that the swarm-spores of Myxomycetes are more sensitive towards OH-than H-ions, a fact contradictory to what has been observed in the case of many other chemotactic organisms.”
As to acids giving positive chemotaxis to the swarm-spores of Myxomycetes, so far I can confirm the results of Stance. How- ever, the conclusion to be arrived at from my results must be considered quite opposed to his. For, as he found that only certain acids and their salts are attractive, we can not but conclude that the anions—acid radicals—must be the exciting component, provided his results are quite correct.
The responsibility of H-ions for the attraction must be a highly interesting fact when we think that H-ions exercise gener- ally a strong toxic effect upon most organisms, or are responsi- ble for a repulsion towards the most chemotactic organisms.” The positive chemotactic reaction to H-ions is easily ascertain- ed with Equisetum-spermatozoids.” In this organism, however, metallic ions exert the preponderating action and overpower H-ions.
Botanical Institute, Agric. Coll., Komaba, Tokyo.
1) GARREY, Amer. Journ. of Phys. III. 1900; SHrBAmA, loc. cit. 2) See PFEFFER, loc. cit.; CZAPEK, Biochemie der Pflanzen If. 1905. 3) SurpaTa, Bot. May. XIX. 1905. p. 126.
Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 142.)
By T. Makino.:
Assistant in Botany, Scienee College, Imperial University of Tokyo.
Sanguisorba obtusa Maxim. in Mél. Biol. IX. p. 152.
Poterium obtusum Franch. et Sav. Enum. PI. Jap. II. 343. a. typica Makino.
Perennial, about 21—6 decim. high. Stem simple or ramose.
Peduncle and rachis of leaves crispato-rufo-pubescent, or gla- brous ; leaflets very shortly pedicellate or subsessile, or distinctly pedicellate, obtusely or acutely serrate with erect-patent teeth, subglaucous and thinly pubescent along the midrib beneath. Spike 3-7cm. long, erect or cernuous in apical portion. Flow- ers purple. Stamens long-exserted, 3—4-times as long as the calyx-lobes.
Nom. Jap. Nambu-touchiso.
Hab. Japan, northern, alpine mountains.
8. albiflora Makino, var. nov.
? Sanguisorba canadensis var. media Maxim. in Mel. Biol. . p. 151, quoad pl. jap.
Tall, ramose above. Petiole and rachis of leaves glabrous.
Leaflets distinctly pedicellate, glabrous, orbiculate to oblong, cordate at the base but often obtuse in the superior ones, often retuso-emarginate, subglaucous and glabrous beneath, some-
times minutely stipellate. | Spike oblong to oblong-cylindrical, erect, or cernuous, 25—6cm. long. Flowers white. Stamens
exserted, twice as long as the calyx-lobes.
Nom. Jap. Shirobana-touchiso. Hab. Japan, northern, alpine mountains.
Sanguisorba canadensis Linn. Cod. n. 951.
Nov. 1907.] MAKTNO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 155
Poteritum canadense A. Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 5 (1872) p. 150; Francheet sav, Enum. PE jap. I: (1875) p. 134:
var. japonensis Makino, var. nov.
Leaflets oblong or narrowly oblong, truncato-cordate at the base but obtuse or acute in cauline ones, serrate. Spike long-cylindrical. Flowers purple, centripetally expanded. Calyx-tubes elliptical, compressed, not angulate, pubescent with subadpressed hairs. Stamens long-exserted, 3- nearly 5-times as long as the calyx-lobes ; filaments filiform, gradually dilated towards the apex, narrower than the anther; anther rounded.
Nom. Jap. Ezo-touchiso.
Hab. Prov. HipaKa in Hokkaido: Horobetsu (K. Miyabe! herb. Sc. Coll. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Aug. 20, 1884).
Sanguisorba riishirensis Makino, sp. nov.
Perennial, 3—44ddecim. in height. Rhizome long, erect or ascending, covered with old petioles above, dark-rufous. Stem, petioles, and lower portion of the rachis of leaves crispato- rufo-pubescent. Leaflets oval-ovate to ovato-oblong, cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex, simply and duplicately serrate with erect-patent acute coarse teeth, subglaucous beneath, 14-6em. long, 1-4cm. broad, distinctly petiolulate, sometimes stipellate ; petiolule +-licm. long; cauline leaves few and ab- breviated. Spike erect, long-cylindrical, 4-9cm. long, across. Flower about 6mm. across, white, centripetally expanded ; bracts angustate, linear, obtuse-tipped, glabrous above and ciliated below, equalling or exceeding the calyx. Calyx-lobes patent, elliptical; tube compressed, rounded, alato-angulate, pubescent. Disk inconspicuous. Stamens 4, long-exserted, 3-5-times as long as the calyx-lobes, gradually dilated and flattened in the upper half, suddenly obtuse under the anther at the apex, narrower than the anther; anther rounded, ochraceous. Style exserted upon the calyx-lobes ; stigma manifestly fimbriate.
Nom. Jap. Rushiri-touchiso (nov.).
Hab. Prov. Kitami in Hokkaido: Isl. Riishiri (7. Makino ! Aug. 1903).
An alpine species. It has a feature resembling S. obtusa
156 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Yol. XXI, No. 250.
Maxim. described in Mél. Biol. IX. p. 152, but differs from the latter by not having the purple and centrifugally expanded flowers. This differs also from S. canadensis Linn. by having broader leaflets, longer bracts, thicker spikes and larger flowers. Finally, it seems to be allied to S. alpina Bunge, from which it is distinguishable by the filament, style, etc.
Fragaria Iinumae Makino, sp. nov.
Rhizome erect or ascending, often elongate, attaining about Scm. or more long, rather thick, lgneous, covered with castaneo-fulvous old stipules, loosely rooting; stolons filiform, much elongate. Leaves tufted at the top of rhizome, 3-foliolate ; leaflets very shortly petiolulate, chartaceo:membra- naceous, usually thinly adpressed-piloso-villose and subglaucous — beneath, often very thinly pilose above, thinly ciliated, coarsely dentato-serrate with lato-ovate mucronato-acute teeth; terminal one obovate, cuneate towards the base and entire below, 2-4 em. long, 14-3cm. wide; lateral ones slightly smaller, some- what obliquely obtuso-cuneate at the base; petiole piloso-villose, 2-Scm. long, often tinged with red as are veins; stipules broad, membranaceous, ovate or falcato-ovate, obtuse or acute, adnate to the petiole below. Scape 1 or few, as long as or shorter than the leaves, erect, adpressed-pilose, 1—2—flowered : bract leafy but small and 1-foliolate, shortly petioled, stipulate, those, if any, in the pedicel minute and stipuliform ; bracteoles 7, shorter than the calyx-lobes, lanceolate or linear-oblong, acute or acuminate, thinly pilose. Flower white, pedicellate, 14-12 cm. in diameter. Calyx depressed, thinly pilose, green ; lobes 7, patent, linear-lanceolate or subulato-lanceolate, acumi- nate, 4-7 mm. long. Petals 7, patent, slightly remote each other, obovato-oblong, rounded at the apex, obtuse or cuneate below, 7-9 mm. long. Stamens much shorter than the calyx- lobes, subulate; anther elliptical, obtuse at the apex, bifid at the base. Ovary-cluster globose ; ovaries numerous, elliptical ; style erect, lateral, filiform, glabrous, exceeding the ovary and twice as long as it. Fruit ovoid, with reflexed persistent calyx, attaining nearly 13 cm. long; achenes imbedded in pits
Noy. 1907.] MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. CW.
on the fruit, ovate, somewhat compressed, smooth, 1 mm. long, with style.
Nom. Jap. Nogo-ichigo (Y. Iinuma).
Icon. linuma’s Somoku-Dzusetsu, IX. n. 28.
Hab. Japan, central and northern, alpine mountains.
This species approaches to F. vesca Linn. as regard to the leaves, but differs from the latter by not having the scape exceeding the leaves, 5- petaled flower, and the achene superficial on the receptacle. The Japanese name is derived from Mt. Nogo in the province of Mino, where this species was first found.
- Mosla japonica Maxim. in Mel. Biol. IX. p. 437. var. angustifolia Makino, var. nov.
Stem erect, about 10-14cm. high, slender. | Leaves linear, serrate, petiolate. Bracts subrhombeo-oval, cuspidato-acumi- nate.
Nom. Jap. Hosoba-yamayjiso (nov.). Hab. Prov. Axi: Near Saidyo (Y. Kimura! Sept. 1907).
Salvia glabrescens Makino.
Salvia nipponica . glabrescens Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. +=p.-371,-et ll. p. 463; Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, OO, DOO
Salvia nipponica Yatabe, Iconogr. Fl. Jap. I. p. 43, tab. XV. non Mig.
Nom. Miyama-akigir1.
Hab. Japan.
Patrinia palmata Maxim. in Mel. Biol. VI. p. 267.
a typica Makino.
Corolla-tube calcarate at the base.
Nom. Jap. Kinrer-kwa, Hakusan-ominaeshi.
Hab. Japan.
8. gibbosa Makino.
Flower slightly smaller. Corolla-tube gibbose at the base. Otherwise as in the type.
158 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. Pral xxi eereEh
Nom. Jap. Ko-kinreikwa (T. Makino).
Hab. Japan.
Plantago major Linn. ?. asiatica Decne. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 1, p. 694.
forma rosea Makino.
Spike depressed or abbreviated, sometimes compound ; bracts foliaceous, petiolate, imbricately sparse or rosulate. Flowers axillary.
Nom. Jap. Yagura-obako.
Icon. linuma’s Somoku-Dzusetsu, II. n. 28.
Hab. Japan, rare.
forma contracta Makino.
Leaves smaller, roundish, thicker, coarsely bullate. Spike short and thick, shortly peduncled.
Nom. Jap. Chabo-obako.
Icon. Iinuma’s Somoku-Dzusetsu, II. n. 29.
Hab. Japan, cultivated.
forma contorta Makino.
Leaves spirally contorted.
Nom. Jap. Sazaye-obako.
Icon. linuma’s Somoku-Dzusetsu, II. n. 30.
Hab. Japan, rare.
Plantago japonica Franch. ct Sav. Enum. PI. Jap. I. p. 384, et Il. p. 469.
forma polystachya Makino.
Spike ramiparous.
Nom. Jap. Yatsumata-obako.
Icon. linuma’s Somoku-Dzusetsu, I]. n. 32.
Hab. Japan, rare.
(To be continued.)
JAPANESE BOTANICAL LITERATURE.
Miyake, K., Ueber die Spermatozoiden von Cycas revo- lars (Berichte d.- Deutsche bot. Gesellx Bd eX XIV, Heit :2, 1906, p. 78-83, mit 1 Tafel).
Es gelang dem Verfasser zum erstenmale die lebenden Sper- matozoiden von Cycas revoluta zu sehen. Die Beobachtungen und Experimenten wurden grossenteils im sidlichen Teil von Japan an Ort und Stelle ausgefihrt. Die Spermatozoiden haben die Form einer an einem Pole mehr oder weniger zugespitzten Kugel. Sie gleichen sehr denen von Zamia und sind nur ein wenig kleiner. An einem Pole des Spermatozoidenkorpers findet man ein Spiralband, an welchen viele Cilien entspringen. Das Spiralband, welches ganz in Cytoplasma eingebettet ist, umrollt ungefahr die Halfte des KOrpers。 und die Zahl der Windungen betragt zwischen 5% und 6. Die Windungen, von oben gesehen und von der Spitze ausgehend, verlaufen von rechts nach links. Die Grosse der Spermatozoiden variirt zweischen 180 yw. und 210 yw. in Durchmesser. Jedes Spermatozoid enthalt einen grossen Kern dessen Durchmesser betragt 140-170 . Der von IKENo beschriebene Schwanz ist nicht vorhanden.
Einige Versuche tuber die Chemotaxis der Spermatozoiden wurden auch vom Verfasser nach der bekannten PFEFFER’schen Kapillarmethode ausgefuhrt, unter Benutzung verschiedener anorganischen und organischen Salzen in verschiedener Concen- trationen. Alle Versuche fielen aber negativ aus. Beziglich der Frage, ob die zur Zeit der Befuchtung ftir das Schwarmen der Spermatozoiden notige Fltissigkeit aus den Archegonien oder aus den Pollenschlauche herstammt, sprach sich der Verfasser zu Gunsten der letzteren Alternative aus.
K. Miyake.
Tabata, S., Ueber die Frichte und Keimpflanzen von Rhus Succedanea, (journal of the College of Science, Imp: Univ. Tokyo, Vol XX. Article 1. 1907, P. 1-12, mit 1 Tafel).
160 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. ra See ee
Der Verfasser hat untersucht die Reservestoffe in den Samen von Rhus Succedanea und deren Verwandelungen wahrend der Keimung. Die Hauptresultate sind die folgenden :
1. In den ungekeimten Kotyledonen sind Magnesia, Eiweiss, und Fett reichlich aufgespeichert.
2. Inden gekeimten Kotyledonen tritt ausserden viel Starke auf. |
3. Das Fett ist in Mesokarp, Endosperm, in den Koty- ledonen, in der Radicula, im Stamm und Zweig vorhanden. Nur im Mesokarp der reifen Friichte nimmt es eine wachsartige Konsistenz an; es tritt hier in Form einer weissen Krusts auf Zellmembranen auf.
4. Das Fett in den Kotyledonen spielt eine physiologische Rolie bei der Keimung, indem es zu Starke umgebildet wird. Der Vorgang dieser Starkebildung ist aber noch nicht naher erforscht. [
K. MIyvAKE.
Miyoshi, M., Atlas of Japanese Vegetation. With explana- tory Text. Set VII. 47-53. Vegetation of Shinano and its Vicinity I. (Z. P. Maruya & Co. Tokyo, 1907).
Under the title ‘“‘ Atlas of Japanese Vegetation’ Prof. Mr YOSHI was publishing the pictures of wild and cultivated plants as well as the plant-landscapes of Japan with explanatory text, and this is the seventh set devoting to the vegetation of the mountanous province of Shinano and its vicinity. The plates are the excellent reproduction of photographs taken by the author, and the explanations are both in English and Japanese, The present set contains the following seven plates (47th to 53rd plates of the series): 47. Pinus densiflora SIEB et Zucc. 48. Nephrodium Filix-mas. Ricu. Cimicifuga japonica SP. var. obtusifolia Hurn. 49. Rhododendron Metternichi SIEB. et Zrcc. and conifer forest. 50. Pinus pumila RecEL. 51. Lake side vegetation at Nojiri, Shinano. 52. Rice fields and groves. 53. Artemisia vulgaris L.. Boehmeria Japonica Mig. var. tricuspis Her.
K. MIyaKE.
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Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 142.)
By T. Makino.
Assistant in Botany, Science College, Imperial University of Tokyo.
Plantago major Linn. £. asiatica Decne. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 1, p. 694. a ois
forma paniculata Makino.
Spike densely paniculate with numerous (about 30-50) branches.
Nom. Jap. Hok1-dbako.
Hab. Prov. RrKuzen: Tome (Gimpé Otsuki! Nov. 8, 1907).
Fagara Hemsleyana Makino, nom. nov.
Zanthoxylum Hemsleyanum Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, XXI. (1907) p. 86.
Hab. Formosa.
Asparagus (Euasparagus) kiusianus Makino, sp. nov.
Perennial, herbaceous, glabrous. Rhizome shortly repent or ascending-repent, thick or thickish, hard, densely covered with scales and old bases of stems, rooting ; roots elongate, strong, numerous. Stems few to several, spreading and assur- gent, angulate, attaining about 8 decim. in length, obscurely flexuous or not, sparse with deltoid scaly leaves towards the base which is free from branch ; branches erect-patent, striato- angulate; branchlets erect-patent, striate, loosely foliose in flower, internodes about 1-15 mm. long. Leaves obscurely spinoso-calearate at the base in those in the . inferior, deltoid, acute. Cladodia mostly solitary in flower, but after. anthesis 3-5-fasciculated, straight or somewhat curvate, sharply taper-
162 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. (Vol. XXI, No. 251.
ing, angustato-subulate, striato-angulate, green, 6-18 mm. long. Flowers dioecious, pendulous, flavo-viridescent ; pedicels axillary, 2-6-fasciculated, curved, 23-4 mm. long, articulated below or
in the middle. Male flower about 5mm. long. Perianth campanulato-infundibuliform : lobes reflexed in the apical portion, oblong, obtuse. Stamems included ; anther oblong, apiculate,
longer than the flament. Rudimentary ovary minute. Berry globose, red, 6-8 mm. across, with marcescent perianth at the base, 1--6-seeded ; seed about 34 mm. long, black.
Nom. Jap. Hama-tamaboki (nov.).
Hab. Prov. CHIKUZEN in Kiusiu (N. Okada! T. Makino! S. Adzuma! and Y. Funabashi!).
Rubia cordifolia Linn. % Munjista (Roxb.). a Fi Ind. Batav. II. p. 337.
forma tetramera Makino.
Corolla 4-parted. Stamens 4.
Icon. Iinuma’s Somoku-Dzusetsu, II. n. 638.
Hab. Japan, rare.
Lysimachia candida Lindl. var. leucantha (Mnq.) Makino.
Lysimachia leucantha Miq. Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 285; Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I: p7301, et Il. p..431; R. Kae Engler’s Pfl.-Reich, Primulac. p. 301.
Nom. Jap. Sawa-toranoo.
Icon. Tinuma's Somoku-Dzusetsu, III. n. 63.
Hab. Japan.
Calystegia Sepium R. Br. var. japonica (Choisy) Makino in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, IX. p. 312, et XV. p. 94.
forma major Makino.
Leaves larger.
Nom. Jap. O-hirugao.
Hab. Japan.
DEC. 1907}
OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN.
163
IND EX,
PAGE.
Arisema heterophyllum Blume. .… ... 139 Arundinaria Owatarit Makino. ... ... 16 Asparagus kiwsianus Makino. SY) Aster Kodzumanus Makino... 16 evanchkit. Kegel... 21.5 <sss . 187 Balanophora fungosa Forst... ... 29 — 一 一 var. Kuroiwar Makino. 29 Bergia ammannioides Roxb... 32
Calystegia hederacea Wall. var. PODS Mdm MAKINO. «is ses see C. Septum R. Br. var. ee Making
SO
forma major Makino.. . 160 Celastrus articulatus Thunb. var. punc- talus Makino. soci so Cleisostoma ionosmum 1 forma luischuense Makino. 60 Clematis heraclecefolia DC. var. 2 Makino... Lis Ae are Os C. Takedana | fee SM Cryptogramme Stellert Prantl. ever 189 Eriophorum alpinum Linn..- 33 Huonymus alatus Sieb. var. striatus Makino... : OS Fagara の の 0 の 7 En se log Fragaria Iinume Makino. ... ... ... 156 Sel ce > Olherd.. Spreng. see = seers ee OG Ipomea Batatas Poir. «. Batatas Makino... . 135 ーーー BEB. SiR ieee cathe, Lysimachia = candida_=- Lind1. oo/. leucantha Makino. — Bete 2 (610) Mosla japonica Maxim. var. pos Makino... we . 157 Pairinia palmata Masten @. “nase Makino... Seer aco — — — £. 所 0 所 人 236 . 157 Plantago japonica Franch. et Sas: forma polystachya Makino. ... Boa are LOIS P. major Linn. 8. asiatica Decne. forma contorta Makino... ida ーーーーーーー forma CO7 が の が QG7 Makino . 158
PAGE. Plantago major Linn. B. astatica Decne. forma paniculata Makino... . 159 ーーーーー 一 forma rosea Makino. 158 Polygonatum ibukiense Makino. ... ... 139 Fubia cordifolia Linn. 8. Munjista ae
forma tetramera Makino. ... . 160 Salvia glabrescens Makino. . be S. nipponica Miq. ... 33
— 一 — forma argutidens Makino.... 38 — 一 — var. B. glabrescens Franch. et Sait catast SOR oN Sheen che 1 Sct) ewes COD
Sanguisorba canadensis Linn. var. japon-
ensis Makino. 5 155 S. grandiflora Makino. ... 141 S. hakusanensis Makino. see eee 140 S. obtusa Maxim. «. typica Makino... 154 ー 一 一 - B. albiflora Makino. 154 S. rtishirensis Makino... 155 Shortia soldanelloides Makino. 31 ー 一 一 a. genuina Makino. ao! —-—-—- — forma a. typica
Makino eee eee 31 — —- ~— -—- — — forma 0b. oe
Makino... 31 — — — 86. ilicifolia 173 31 Streptolirion cordifolium Kuntze... 18 Symplocos lucida Sieb. et Zuce. ... 62 Veronica cana Wall. var. decumbens
Mia et eine marta OCG san EC 32 — 一 — var. Takedana Makino. 32 Viola hirtipes S. Moore 34 V. Matsumure Makino... 34 V. Miyabet Makino. 34 V. nipponica Makino. ... 56 V. ovato-oblonga Makino. 59 — 一 — zar. obtusa Makino. 59 V. Rossit Hemsl. ... 34
V. Takedana Malero.... .…。 … 12. 57
V. Tashirot Makino. 5 57 Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. et ee 86 Z. emarginellum Miq. ... 86 Z. Hemsleyanum Makino. 86
JAPANESE BOTANICAL LITERATURE.
Miyoshi, M., Atlas of Japanese Vegetation. With explanatory Text. Set VIII. 54-62. Vegetation of Fuji. (Z.P. Maruya & Co. Tokyo, 1907). (
The present set contains the pictures of the vegetation of the famous Mount Fuji and consists of the following nine plates : Se. |
54. Fuji with its grassy plains.
55. Vitis Coignetiae PuLu., Angelica Polyclada FRANCH.
56. Upper part of the grassy plain of Fuji with larch forest.
57. Forest of deciduous trees.
58. Picea hondoensis Mayr with Usnea longissima AcH.
59. Rodgersia podophylla A. Gray, Cimicifuga foetida L.
var. Simplex Hur.
60. Forest of broad leaved trees and Conifers.
61. Cirsium purpuratum Maxim.
62. Polygonum cuspidatum Sirs. et Zucc.
K. MIyAKE.
Matsumura, J., and Hayata, B., Enumeratio Plantarum in. Insula Formosa sponte crescentium hucusque rite cognitarum adjectis descriptionibus et figures speciar- um pro regione novarum. (Journal of the College of Science, Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Vol. XXII. pp. 702, with: 18 plates).
Henry’s “List of Plants from Formosa” published about ten years ago contains 1297 species of Phanerogams and 149 Cryp- togams, including the ferns and their allies, with the addition of a few seaweeds. The present work enumerates 1912 species of Phanerogams and Pteridophytes belonging to 858 genera and to 146 families. Each species is accompanied by the full reference of literature, and localities and distribution. The following 27 new species and varieties are described with Latin diagnosis :
Dec. 1907.1... _ MAKINO.—OBSERV. ON THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 165
Actinodaphne pedicellata HAYATA - (Laaraceee) «+ 、 Machilus formosana HAYATA UNU Po
_ Cinnamomum Camphora vat. nominalis Havata ( aa) Adinandra formosana HayaTa : s (Tetnsixoemiacen) Ajuga formosana HayaTa meg piatae). Coleus formosana HAYATA | (ce Ge ata) ea Salvia scapiformis var. pinnata HAYATA ( ees) Mesona elegans HavaTa pees i) Bridelia Kawakami HayaTa (Euphorbiacee) Bridelia pachinensis HAYATA Est ra ) Coeloglossum formosana Hayata et Maxino (Orchidez) Cardiandra formosana HayatTa (Saxifragacez )
Hydrangea integrifolia Hayata ( 3 ) Cyanotis Kawakamu Hayata (Commelinacez) Ecdysanthera utilis HAYATA et Kawakami (ADocynaceee ) Euonymus Miyakei HAYATA (Celastracez)
_ Gentiana formosana HAYATA > (Gentianacee ) Loranthus Owatarii HAYATA 3 (Loranthacee ) Pittosporum formosana 時 AYATA (Pittosporacee ) Rhaphiolepis indica var. Tashiroi Havata (Rosacee)
Rosa indica var. formosana HAYATA | (,, ) Rotala densiflora var. formosana Hayata (Lythracez) Viola formosana HAYATA (Violacez ) Viola Nagasawai MaxkINo et HAYATA (eS a) Thalictrum Fauriei HAYATA (Ranunculacez) Pteris cheilanthoides HayaTa _ (Filices) 7 Cheilanthes formosana HAYATA acer ne)
New or noteworthy species are illustrated in 17 plates, and a map of Formosa with the routes traversed by different col-
lectors forms Plate XVIII. K. MIVAKE.
166 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. [Vol. XXI. No. 251,
Uyeda, Y., Bacillus Nicotianxe, Sp. Nov.; die Ursache der Tabakwelkkrankheit oder Schwarzbeinigkeit in Japan. (The Bulletin of the Imperial Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan. Vol. I. No. 1. Dec., 1905, p. 39— 55, mit 5 “‘Tafeln.)*
Die Tabakwelkkrankheit kommt‘sowohl an jungen wie auch an ausgewachsenen Indivinuen vor, und zwar. wahrend der Monate Juni his September in verschiedenen Teilen von Japan. Die Krankheit macht sich zuerst durch ein plotzliches Verwelken bemerklich, ein Gelblichwerden des Blattes folgt, hierauf wird der Stengel schwarz und schliesslich werden die gangen Wurzeln zerstort. Der Erreger der Krankheit ist eine Bacterie welche der Verf. Bacillus Nicotianz nennt. Die Diagnose des Bacillus ist die folgende : |
Bacillus Nicotiane gehort zu den kleinen Bakterien mit runden Enden; die Stabchen sind 1,0-1,2 yw lang und 0,5—0,7 / dick. Er bleibt oft isolirt, zuweilen zu 2—4 verbunden. Beweg- ung durch mehrere peritriche Geisseln. Wachst tppig auf gewohnlichen Nahrsubstraten und verfltissigt Gelatine. Auf Kartoffeln bildet der Bacillus anfangs eine gelblichgritine Auflager- ung, welche nach einer Woche grauschwarg wird. Fakultativ anaérob. Liefert nur schwache Gasentwicklung. Reducirt leicht Lakmusmilch und Methylenblau, ferner Nitrat zu Nitrit. Koagulirt Milch, das Koagulum wird dann allmahlich gelost und peptonisirt. Opitmumtemperatur fiir das Wachtsum 32°C ; Maximumtemperatur 55°C. Auf vielen Nahrsubstraten pro- ducirt derBacillus einen schwarzen oder grauscharzen Farhstoff. Trypsin und Tyrosinase werden sicher ausgeschieden.
Der Bacillus greift verschiedene Varietaten von Tabakpflanzen an, nicht aber Nicotiana rustica; auch einige Varietaten von Nicotiana tabacum (Ohasama, Taketadate, Mitsuke, Kentucky white, Green river prior) werden nicht leicht augegriffen. Impf- versuche auf Physalis minimum, Capsicum longum, Amarantus gangeticus und Polygonum tinctorium fielen positiv, aber bei Solanum melongena, Lycopersicum esculenta, und Physalis Alkekengi negativ aus. K. MIvaKeE.
4) Die vonliufige Mitteilung erschien in Centbl. f. Bakt. 2. Abt. Bd. 13. 1904, p. 327
yo
pec. 1907) KUSANO.—PHOBO-CHEMOTAXIS OF MYXOMYCETES. 167
Hori, S., Smut on cultivated large bamboo (Phylla- stachys). (The Bulletin of the Imperial Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan. Vol. I. No. 1. Dec. 1905, p. 73-89, with 4 plates).
The author made a study of the smut fungi infecting Phyllostachys and other bamboos, and found that they are all identical, belonging to Ustilago Shiraiana P. HENNrNes. The fungus was first described by HENNINGS” in 1900, and as a result of the study the author proposes to make some changes in the original description as follows: _
Produced on the growing points and internodes of the young branches, causing often deformation or distortion ; spore- masses at first covered by the leef-sheath and bracts, pulverulent, deep brown; spores spherical, sometimes subglobose or ellipt- ical, the rounded ones 6-10 yw. in diameter, and the elongated ones 5.5-10 =6-12 win size. Epispore light olivaceous, smooth; contents finely granular with some oil globules : promycelium cylindrical or long fusiform, pedicellated, 1-2 septated, evanes- cent ; sporidia terminal and lateral, long fusiform or elliptical, develop into the new promycelium.
K. Miyake.
Hayata, B., On Taiwania, a new Genus of Coniferee from the Island of Formosa. (Journal of the Linnean Society, London, Botany, Vol. XX XVII. July 1906, p. 330- 331 wit 1 plate).
The new conifer was found on the western slope of Mt. Morrison, at an altitude of 2000 meters, in Formosa. The author gave the name Taiwania cryptomeroides and the diagnosis is for the first time published here. A fuller note was later published in this journal (Bot. Mag. Feb. 1907).
K. MIvAKE.
1) Fungi japonici I. Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. Bd. 28. 1900, p. 260.
168 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE vot: Sch Wo. we
Machida, S., On the influence of calcium and magnes- ium salts on certain bacterial actions. (The Bulletin of the Imperial Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan. Vol... No. 1. Dec. 1905,gn3e—12). |
The author studied the influence of calcium and magnesium salts on the activity of the microbes causing putrefaction and nitrification. The principal results obtained are as follows:
1. Calcium salts retard putrefaction, while magnesium salts favor it.
2. Tricalcium phospate was found to be utilized by some putrefying bacteria. It is therefore probable that, in the soil, insoluble phosphates may be transformed into an available form by the action of microbes.
3. Magnesium carbonate favors nitrification much more than calcium carbonate, of which practical use might be made
in certain cases. K, MIYAKE.
Uchiyama, S., On the stimulating action of potassium iodide upon sesamum and spinach. (The Bulletin of the Imperial Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan. Vol. I. No. 1. Dec. 1905, p. 35-37).
Potassium iodide, when given in small doses, exerts a stimulating action upon sesamum and spinach. This fact is so far of practical importance, as our farmers on the sea-coast are used to employ as manure sea-weeds which contain more or
less potassium iodide. K. Miyake.
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BIR 4 EK A IN SRR KA RAS BAe BER RRO Ay WS NS Bee m AAA 1 ARLE ABS RRS A REY ARS BRR NAR IR A CX" Bh woe > ER NRF | KO AE SRR RRS NSE CN mar KK AGE CRA PARKA HED TID Nido BAUR Y ARON RRR » AEM ai | REIN A BT | Nm | Rom Bae KA SRE \ Ealsts Individualitatshypothese 4) SR A 4OR 4 A BRS mM SX AWN HRN Y AO
Kw Laburnum vulgare + Cytisus purpureus =~ \ K+
‘ \ hedo ee mands ya p.m xX < Laburnum
Adami, &§ 2S) ON ERA WER N Bor Dimi Ap yee 5° EN (BREE RES Weel ~ EmMICVRAY RINK RQ KRNBR BD 相川 SS\ BON) ES 国士 連 還 \ROEN eA Bo | BABS! | NRE A A > VEX SN BR Y ALR Laburnum vulgare + Cytisus purpureus — ~ Fido ( PERAK EE m NA) ROS I REE RON ANS RAT ARINN RA NR 4 BB etn | Re Ae BORA N+ OR SSR NEEM eR D&A RE RR Se NEE] NEM Laburnum valgare & VR? Bese Enea | ESR NN ITN A Em RY A GER
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OR SR RRR Swe へ 時 csi se WN ENS HE 6 Uber die Individualitat der Ohromo- ] (S.-A. a. d. Jahrb. f. wiss. Botan. Bd. XLIV, Heft 3.) - (R111 BSB I))
E. Strasburger : somen und die Pfropfhybriden—Frage.
Noe A ERE BERR NE REIRAN BED 1 OS | PEK EES EN A RMB REX A He KR A MA ueantPas NR C | |My 4 AHA HN | RFD’ ea nekigven FIRS NS RAEANLERMEN tf 1 ES 4 io EN RRR IE K AKAM HK | HHA AS
BY ad CANN RR MmOVASAT QB INR AT BH | RINK NA REG Ke ARAB] NRE (Or N—- + | WE | SROs AR’ ERIN) BES |) +E) RRA’ SERRA KR A fas RSE) SEW BERS | ON EERE MBE > EE | EIR IR EG READ Do DARE GSI A wl yp — 4 fi) NR ARERR ATH | ON 4 NR Rem ew a0
BEM MARA PN HEIN 4 RAN Bt y 1 |Am4icK a NH 4 RN SOREN EE HOOD Ap CORED HEN NRA NFS 47 NASSAR NBR BET A EIN Ae | OREN IBD + VRE RAE MAK NBER A iNew ek | SSRN eS SERS (EEE) NRSRIEN AT | NRE RAN EEN BS ANMBIRG AT NABEA RE NK ONT RRS IRY AWN RA? BO WIAD | RRA NERY AMRENRMDB RARER (| Ho) Dy BiedO 1 | PAVE NI) A BRDE 4 R | INES (o.) WRN A) | EARNS IKE Yn | eS BOL S| Mm yo NKR SS. Dpeinn DMR Sica eS MAM SK ARO ie | Ra TK A NN? NRA ER A | aoa ~ ek OK っ: KK 2h - HHO SHARE SNES J aE ~ a eee esa
K* BER mae > ER AS BBE BE BERR RR 1 PSA mOuRA ARN HRA Ur | BEN A RRA IRN SATEEN REN RY A eA BA’? oa +a Rt EY AIRSET RES A INSR SEE (a ERR HR He ome kei OS.
ASE ai BE Hussy r wn yp rn” Six 1%
SUH SH AN yy LH Nn PH AQEX SOD BRR Ba teilmng MS ne MERA HN RINK A? KNKTNS AS
Pris Se RIN RR
Prov. Musashi: aX@SS]|j/Hmiea Aw 446 Sept. 5. 1898 (Y. Yabe.) fi. Prov. Echizen: QiR88— Aug. 5. 1881. (—). fl. specim. 2. Prov. Shinano; aie Jul. 24. 1880. (—). fl Prov. Shimotsuke: #882 Jun. 22 1878 (—). fl.
の mo Jul. 28. 1877. (一 ). fl.
35 ane 22 ST Se (Seats Prov. Hitachi: Prov. Iwashiro: 1 Jun. 1904. (G. Nakahara.) fl. specim. 4.
i : foe dl IO. 人 ( 了 II » © geese Aug. 1879. (—). fl. et fr.
Prov. Ugo: Hilpg Aug. 1903. (G. Nakahara.) fl. specim. 2. Yezo: Prov. Oshima: (@#% Aug. 13. 1878. (—). fl. specim. 2. 3, 2 i Jul. 29. 1888. (Y. Tokubuchi). alab. In Tokyo. Bot. Gard. cult. exsicc. sp. 4. Distr. var. : Korea australis. var. setaceum Maxim. ~ baliba Conusps Hl.Kor lp. 22: Hab, Kiushiu: Prov. Buzen: Oct. 1905). ( Hamada), a: Honto: Prov. Nagato. Sve RS omzgt4tmttham Juli. 1905, (T. Nakai). defl.
Distr. var. : Korea,
と ーーー ビ ーー
In Tokyo. Bot. Gard. cult. Digit. Melampyrum roseum Maxim. bd Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. p, 210. Fr. Schmidt. Reis. in Amur. u. Insl. Sachl. p. 58. Forbes et Hemsl. Ind. Fl. ain, in Journ, of Linn. Soc. XXIX, p. 220 (excl. M. ciliare) L. Diels Fl. Centr. Chin. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Ree Ou. Palib; Consp. Fl Kor. Il. p. 22. M. arvense, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 251. M. jedoense, Mig. Prol. FJ. Jap. p. 54 M. pratense, Hemsl. in Journ. of. Bot. 1876.
=
& ME St Wy 植
Hab. circa Hakodate ( Maxim.) Kiushiu: Prov. Buzen: gt Sept. 1904. (Hamada). fl. Prov. T’sushima seimset) Juli 23. 1901. (Y. Yabe). fl. Distr.: Korea, Manshuria, Sachalin, Amur, China bor. et centr. var. japonicum Fran. et Sav. Fran. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. IL. p. 460. |
Z-tka=e
M. nemorosum var. japonicum Tr,。 et Sav. in Enum, Pl. Jap. I. p. 352.
Hab. Honto. Prov. Sud: $e Oct. 11. teh a fl.
Prov. Nagato: 224% ae Se 1905. (T. Nakai). fi. BE Prov. Yamato: tr Aug, 2. . (—).
0
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oF Prov. Ise: rs" 48> Aug. 2 1883. (一 ). fl.
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ロ 明
v »
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4
Ries ee SoS i ah
2. floral leaf with dentation、 A. leaves ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate. Ae aC alyX, UDOT OLOUS) airmemetrtt {puonncucbnccoccHMBlayiNTEN osama Masia, NOP PeRK b. Calyx hirsute..................Melampyrum roseum. var. japonica Fran. et Sav. ben
B. leaves linear, floral leaf subulato-dentate.
i
* Mig. Prol. Fl. Jap p. 55. Fran. et Sav. Enum. pl. Jap. I. p. 352. Hab. In Owari (Ito). ad ripas rivulorum prope pagum Uriwuno Masti (Buerger).
Shikoku: Prov. Tosa: }n=sentp=iz Sept. 30. 1881 (—). fl. et Fructif. Specim. 2.
Honto:
Yezo:
a ora ...Melampyrum roseum var. setaceum Maxim. GON een A fin
Melampyrum laxum Miq.
Prov. Sud: S:yueetpseeitaze Oct. 1. 1900 (J. Nikai) fl. et. frue. jun.
Prov. Rettsu: FR4 Jun. 13. 1879 (一 ). fl. et. alab. specim. 2.
Prov. Ki: Sf&erS Juli. 18. 1883. (—). fi.
Prov. Kai: #438 Aug. 12. 1903. (H. Takeda.) fl. specim. 2. oqo ee ty) Aug. 17. 1902 (Y. Yabe) fl. specim. 7.
Prov. Shinano: ($= Jul. 10. 1884. (—). fl.
Prov. Etcha: +43 Jul. 23. 1884. (—). fl.
Prov. Shimotsuke: msQ Sept. 26. 1879 (—). fl. specim. O.
Prov. Shiribeshi: 28} Oct.5. 1891. (K. Miyabe). fructif. specim. 2.
誌 ME Sy 植
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(331)
= in subulato-dentate » A +IKN 1 K fy M. roseum \ dentation RINK PA MESA tes M. roseum + M. je doense + \ tia 4 RARER PA wYINKRR m Be’x LE A 1) Maximowicz % ‘R S¥SR Kew < Herbarium y & 3M. jedoense m test SKK M. roseum y | BK AX HP \+ A HRNM M. roscum + | Ky Yrn Hemsley R\ MBSR wv Synonym ~ >» ph Reik x Ao Hel AMon SRN Bok SA % MM. roseum (HR PSDB Y \ oN mex > PAIN IEA y Miquel KK M. jedoense (RRR \ Y\NKAtzKR A SR CHUN ERE KA PA KINA RIED WN 1 ARH RADARS BE BERK A adm S 4% nl OO 676 4 19 A REM EEK A ee RP
M. roseum Maximl 0 )*6*6 4 1946) 1] GREER ASH var. japonicum, Fran.et Sav ‘ var. setaceum, Maxim. =
ive 4 Eranchet Savatier ||4{’R muneratio plantarum japonicarum RASA HAS AN EEE KX % & SEC calyx
N\A SS RRR RaW 4 Re Doe RE K AN OW typica + 4 Soy Rey NEE ABEN Am
ORY SO A on ERR Se ie OR BB ae eR IKN EN ANA RAS
S40 4 Palibin #%~\ Conspectus florae Koreae sf $2 — NAMEN ON A AERA WN A RKQT 4 Engler 0 ヽ herbarium
NA ABER Maximowicz RRBAXN AP へ ホホ SA 慰 果 キ 吉 生 へ 無人 KSWSNAN 民 て 誠 % 己 NN typiea fA Rm AEM > HEL SRLS Ce reat BREA AS
M. laxum (1 QQ 7 4 Je AKRBNA- PN Hone. KoOKR ASH CERES ma RHA GL Ie
YAO bract VD (RATED OBR LY i RY RAM BARE ARCHER BHA calyx ( ERA M. jedoense
+ fuk) Xin lobes 4 obtuse RRX% acute 4A?
SINS Doe de) ISR RR Ae MRAKAK Key MEN HK RK l. floral leaf without denfatlOn。。。。。。。。 Melampyrum laxum Mig. ath beth
OFM - si RR tk
Jedoense M. roseum > 2 RE HK A THERA AR HIKN 1) SBNDS bract 』 a | S4BKR ARR 4 bract g ciliato-dentate AX eK LER XX dentation m bract \ Ey Se Vy KAR MUMBA Pe 2 bract \ Wz H a mea NS 4
9
月 二 十 年 十 四 治 明
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47 BAT:
PRs SR IK SR
y upper lobes % ws AN Corolla-tubs + fuk aR wa, Franchet Savatier | |#%% Le M. roseum.......,., & lobes
dépassant le milieu du tube de la corolle ou presque aussi longs que lui +s A ERK. M. roseum «+ M. ciliare = wile. two lobes \ nl XA A HAN 4 dK Forbes, Hemsley (24%’R Index florae sinensis 4 M. ciliare max i M. roseum synonym ~ § 2 W RARIIN K he KAP
dr Maximowicz \ 18S \ #248 (in Primitiae Florae Aumrensis) 』』 < Corolla tubo calycem pluries superante + K A hi foot-note | 4 calyx 3 mill. longus, dentibus posticis majoribus, tubum paullo superantibus, anticis tubo paullo brevio- ribus + § Amo A % M. roseum 4 BRM R a Calyx mit rs An Franchet Savatier HR \IKN Ba wher calyx mic SOAS ALBA 1 HE 6 HE Ra calyx NAP \ EN AN SBA Maximowicz WA fEHK AD & * OREN PH HO A WEEK WS Himuneratio plantarum Japonicarum $2} |S8ET4% | tI ~ foot-note 4 Nous n’avons point vu la’ forme typique du M. roseum de la localité citée ; notre diagnose a été faite sur un specimen récolté aux environs de ee que M. Maximowicz nous a communiqué. «2 > AN type mm®’X +1 » #2) Maximowics RW RER WAX ASL A Bem EX - Maximowics \ fae doy ye YK AMAA IK Bo 4 HE I aK O&A PN IK 4 BA TORIN RR NEES BR SR SK Ey PES RRS On RHE N BREE ML. roseunm 3 ate % a WN 2 Maximowiez ts ig | dno h AX ASK AW Franchet Savatier HER AIK ( AR YA yf hw By HG OM. roseum < fade > hy Maximowicz K \ WA mM RAKE A WP NVM SRO st YY ACRE RIN RR 6 REE Dh ) 8 nh M. roseum へ synonym と > 中 M. cillarem BR « ( RBRA’ RRR 4 ML ocihiare $¢ 4 Franchet Savatier EEX \ MM. roseum IN dr BROR | WA AR OS Ry EES CHS NERA HS es BA Rm eK A ee HRA KO
Kin M.roseum 4 REP WHR K AR HIKN 1 RE RE NRA D NE ERS Bebe BU 3 WINES > > WP NANA sANHEK Vr PARA Y ALEA@ bY RE Maximowicz OR yy om ay SESS K Yaw 4 SI A Ww A
iY > Ih dK Fe HR \SKAD WN 4 Sho Miquel RR ERE A Nina A T. jedoense 4 ee Yar w\RALEIN %
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(329)
OC FE 464 5 1 GB in ON. Pi a6 1 Ne AREY WN 4 Be | ARN aaa RD Melampyrum ciliare Miq.
iL 2. Melampyrum jedoense Miq.
こり
Melampyrum roseun Maxim.
Se
Melampyrum roseum Maxim. var. japonicum Franch. et Sav.
Or
Melampyrum laxum Miq.
day M. cillare 4 BRSWEeE RRR DR I NHEAD YAM Miquel HR Prolusio Florae Japonicae | PAX
A wA y iW foot-note \3$28~ 4 Specimen mancum unicum tantum prostat =~K AMMA JS] VNR A 誤 J i determine PAWA WK &*RARBD Miquel tk ~ Bt Calyx 1 Hw < calycis hirti dentes e basi lanceolata filiformi-attenuati, 2 longioribus tubum corolle aequantibus + Kn (SANA) 9 By A nee
jedoense + laxum w« calyx 4 KA WKERA Re wks calyx-tube mMICYHRALA Hranchet Savatier ||. ER A
Emuneratio plantarum japonicarum « $8} 148 Et ’R Melampyrum roseum var japonica m M. nemorosum ヽ Yarietas
トブ キャ
HANAHAN RAD OAS RNs. USA RN Rey AL Savatier 'R PEHSLSS A HS yO Bay WS m Melampyrum...... (an M. ciliare Miq.?) = SWFA Sy A 4 ma cilare yRR Av y+-_m(HiyCe quwil dit du calice et de la corolle s’applique tres-bien & nos exemplaires, ainsi que le reste de la description + (2 Pay Kay M. ciliare + Hranchet Savatier Huey. M. roseum + phism ma yey Calyx \BeUK ATR
Ss x theta 4 4-lobed » A Calyx mic aX upper one ~ lower one + { BXAnsey bilabiate ゃ S Br Bm Wr
シ ED
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ORE at - os uneRh Ht
(328)
Ae 8 od oP Se Se ae 明
(で )
O sme (Medicago sativa L.)~\ BEB RAOLY > 1h SES 1 HEN SA SOR A AA SE
M. minima, Bartal. RAN \ ER SOE 1 Bama Ed neem ae KCK DORA RRO | Bey W— fA Kk ER ttm apHE ) M. minima Batalin (not Bartal) y 2 A HPM EM BCXARAY » a at | Wass) 4 M. minima Lin. Kaw Batalin mim’xK ph RNY ARAN Ay MM. minima Lam. Kam~ Bak | gal \ author 4 ey) KK LER UTD Daw NG AD A) nO RHEE lem | {max Smo A 4 M. minima (L.) Bartal. moe 'yeyad+ XK M. polymorpha yz. minima, L. mas mre |
Ledebour, Flora Rossica SX Hooker, Flora of British India maBEEW A ‘IEA th SiIRNN— ARN Hote |) N— Re H\ #14 M. minima Lam. (or Lamk.) mx A mV K-41 TD & AES he (| Em Sa KAHN -HON A MARY OVA MOON’ (Conspectus of the Leguminosae) < M. minima Lamk. m #3 | K Bp th ena G Oh AERIS 4 RN YK AH NHR MAT A | Go A | om M. sativa = 4 28’K A he dyn?
ERG ~ HORE EN ( ER ORS A Ae Bee OM. sativa + 4 SSS mB OBR BK ne KD HON BB M. falcata < “ROR Se \ ORar HE A KAO
Ce テン
HPA? M. sativa L. is “ probably a cultivated race of M. falcata characterised by the pod forming a double spiral, and flowers usually purple. ” HN HS 4 NEL AY UK RE WEA Neem I (race) RHO RAAR NRHA SBR IND RX An + Bx > EDN REE WOW 4 ONE RIE RA & ARB DD BBA A KY A PAN AONE (1]) tie RA A A + HEA SOHE yy SN IMER 1 EEN pti (MM. falcata SX M. denticulata) KA n =n’ XanaSRS i REKRA (sg) Medicago lupulinga L. (hn HA RN | HED) Bie Comey PAA HN AWK M. sativa + 4K SRM BK YR OM. faleata + B+ A 88 4 0) 0 ROXAS | (2) M. lappacea Lam. CAN SHRINE SFE SLR WIR BR oy RO MARY SY WNRAAIKN ED we RONke 1 4 EMA M. denticulata jf <nSey -°
(eo) M. ruthenica Trautv. (= M. ruthenica Ledeb. = Trigonella ruthenica DC.) SOT ¢ ACEH” He tH ar er ae — i * 2 GK IN INNA fH ー ウ NHR NEA XR M. ruthenica mA Kr aea PA AKA A M. falcata L. (fl. coeruleo) + frond fess AX KRW HAN IND Do eR 4 RK sb an ante ASHP E SFR NERS ARNIS IES h+emBAw—AK (L. Diels) HW REI EK A NR DA NN RE A IR AX A MRA NED NK OM. sativa + BRA Din. we eds Lae bei coma ess eee i
Ome (Medicago sativa LD ~\ RR ROW DO NRE XK SEMEN ORE
(326 )
+ 4e + 1 ia
_—s _
Agee Bee
Oim# (Medicago sativa L.) \ 88 RAO D INS HAN BRN HE RR 天田
ima (M. sativa L.) \ SRE RV EA mek RRM? HE A at TAR [1 OZR am NRE SITS m RA OAR 4 RRR (2 | | ]—N1]1 mm)’ S200 SEK AT EER \REBRATT NRK 7 PARR AES SH ER A BE ¢ EEK ]O—BOmm) $4 RRS 1s 4 89( | Omm 8S)* RRR Y MER)” FE) ¢ ROBES yd KRSM? RSC NEE uN BEBE CHB n URS aN RRR AX oR MN RO RHR ¢ BERS EE SRE A m ROD SR RA SS (EY IS eS Samm )* fh BEARER ea)” WYIRALSERNS’ Bae” ER y RETA AO
Sak ARB ES ONAN Re -AIK N WEESER AB Se rae ho ye Ek HO in \ BM Bet NSS mo M AIK NGS Wn 4 EA om AEE RE in DER AS ミ 4 BIR] EA TE UE Re eI NN He RR KEN A ERS mM BEC A RK CRN AISP PREEM BE SR S )° |
Sowerby: English Botany, vol. III.; Thomé: Flora v. Deutschland, Osterreich u. Schweiz, Bd. TIT.
SR VC EM IK > と YiIKR NS AR \ #1 (Decandolle : Prodromus, II.) 4 var. versicolor m 8% & in Satay) PAP NRA He MIC AA HR OR RS ye RE BRN TRIBE > IK 7 = MM sativa 1) ^ th LEVEN > 1\ PHSB EHSE SS URE K A OM. falcata 4 epeHRE A Ae eb DER 6 SEIS) y He OBA A ne IK ( = (Maximowiez: Index FI. 1 in Prim. Fl. Amur. 476) x 4 Aw RS Hn yo MM. laleata ne ( Sub- sp.) +8 M. sylvestris Hries i oy 4 BRHRR 4 BESS uy EX > 88) BEERS NRE 'N 1K ( ALE NRE sativa ~ M, falcata = \ BREA INN = NARA K HN HOR HETRKERS) ~ LRN FERS ARTA NAD HON OER 4 a3) M. sativa So) M. falcata “Rak y fe mone wo TT NUREED Ie PARSER AN NK IK CRN &X M. sativa + M. falcata + 4 SRM A Rem RESIS 6 Bon 4 BAR OS NK CS EEN A HA WN IK 4 SE ae ditt KR 4 Baa <] BRIN HN Be YAR (RRR CH= On EL. De Halaesy: Conspectus Florae Graecea, Bd. I. 35/-358 1) BSA A) mM N— R— (J. D. Hooker) tk 4 SRS i RAIS
ee 単 物 植
mu
ミ ま
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e-tna
W4 B aU ON ZOOM Re KR ARN RAR (BS NEEXK ADDERS NEN ADH + 4
BRE NSE 5
N ED 4 HR BS) HON A HIN ARR BR EN BRR SP NRA RO II NERS が 5 っ へ 4 BAA ee RX A ER dH xX A OM. falcata m RA KAHAN RARE ARE 4 IR + BK ABBRENK Ane Ha? 提案 Fw ペペ ーー ミ AUR AOR Sm NB) BR (Be Sy’ SR BR wR Mtaleata, L WAS [lw akoH a | CWE Wma d ne HRv Bd’? BWR WE aes wWa’y SRR PBS oe cce nce ce er eccsceonccccnncecsetecserssm ert encese nesnateetsssaessacceteceaceneperresnets M. lupulina L. (13 DO Kena YO) S49B ms 2% Bo BND SRE AHS \ SEAISE S OgRE MMBEN An = K\EDO
x xl e eo Pe ee os EN J IN ar th が Z fee ーー a
inn 41 | 2 0 に dicac “tiv: i cs ee! te N STRAn Bor が +m HZ Ay RX Medicago sativa bL. ¥ EOD Lene y ith
a ge | (geet | ut 1. (?) | RRA REE NARS DB OB = | 3 | ae ・ | MhdH AY ¢ SRR NER NS は 。 nm Hol HS > . denticulata Willa | 紛 9 oe RE By fl Ae NP Hh} M denticulata Will | aint a4 9 “x SC REIRRE BS 3] GDH
+s? oe だ ニー ii} (|) #0HO\ PSS + Fini -+ \ BS
ーーーーーーーーー- ーー ーー = = ーー
OWE Medicago sativa し) へ BER RADY O RAE YA XK 3 ORR NF
af
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(324)
ae eee = ae eo eo
Oink Medicago sativa L.)\ Bee HAO DO KIRK SAR AB RR A
CGR 1 HR) dpm se MO ie SS pee eK aR RRR NSS RK KA YN RoOmARAR ANA A WN DNR RRS RR 6 SEBS 9 A + 1K RRO
Hy fENK AER RE M. denticulata MITA & A WP She heci e SIR A MENS Re Me |
REVEL AR AR ASANO YK RE 1 PAREN ARINA RAS POERANMEN A ee
KR NM NIE ORK AN CSN ROHR] GaN M. denticulata y >) ww hitb 4 2 BR m BE (RR I AA INN BHO OM. sativa \ BER 4 SeitdbeZ mM ER KB WEE AY OE > Ih BRS? BE om = EK 1) on BE m NBR CK RN RIN NRA BQd 6 DO MNO ID E~ ( Rohn RETA ) |
RM 4 0st sense) (BRadik) «1 n°
By CAEN RMS OO ANAM UeO (M. lupulina L.) Xn (M. minima Lamk.) m | Mm A 32 WAT RH NINN AH — (A. Franchet) Rak AMORA A SARA PRE Pe A |
iat manip oar gage (5) see \ She Be A Be
SES tN | [Eis e 時 WN 4 BERR GEN HES RA REE) CORR Km CER CK A AH |
SS RE AAMAS ARR
I< ‘RHE (mou-sow or muh-suh) —~EEX A WA Weekes y sedan x ® HAN TAKA M. sativa L. WARK ABE |
S 4 M.iadiata m Xn smi yd ASR A ww KR AY a ns (Se SX AHA? SOR ony 4 AN 1 1 RE | SH SOM. denticulata maa ~ Wik] Ama OI\S2MmnBraxr nen ss S > RATA Ke PS HOE RR RAR SRR I NEES \ AAI IK A RAE OM.
sativa 1] oan Y + BR y Sow mw IA~ s Zam Ha Mama ~ | ea M. denticulata 1 Bex var ww
el a is
誌 雑 A Afi
— 第
noes
eae oli aed nen cos 2) BR EUG RR a BITE RD or
RATHRINSER BE 1 EOL SR ONIN | Ape tH x SNM ewe yy Ein Sa CR NR NSD) SERRA mS SEER ut [OMEN 4 x TS tab sde ss) y DSi Ld PRY m HEN BOSE AD NRE AO 2 fn om HAE mn EKHE D&A A) WE OM. denticulata Willd. max AfINdN® in meat (B+) yx Aare ER M. denticulata MEY APN AKKN RY BRA ーー OR & EET A ° | MESED (MEE BS) RH 0 Oe [ev 8~ + HD SA] NBR ARR RES nics M. denticulata +-=° ems (+E) 1 BEN ARN HHS BK ARH OED NRE RS ITA NAME AS 2 Roni’? fides s A. RARER NS BSN A & Bae KO mm ib elem 4 BBS ER RSS へ Ni Sem ARR Ae NA ORR A BSR SiS ene on” ix 2} M. denticulata \ #8 4 Sia EK A OM. sativa \ BR 4 By kK BDOASEN yy RE BES AS ye M. denticulata +. x » 宮 2M | BON TRRKEM MAK AN Rei NM EN AO STOMA on 4 ARN on ye OY de ee gre NRE A BEN だ くく AM ARERE SRR
vy D te BL 色 4
~\ HBR aA) in BY mA eee 1 eS in 本 ヘー に (1) REAESSR ME SEK SS) SAEs BER N Eee m ASE ee m+ IK NN FEOR 4 Sefiyh| HES RY SRK SRE HRWwHEit ~ Se] (2eSK A いで
Ow (Medicago sativa LON BS hDHO KIB K ARRAN XR Me
C #2 (Medicago sativa TL.) \ BER RADIO > IN SRES HN A SR He RR 窟 田
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The lucern was known to the Greeks or Romans. They called it in Greek medicaz,in Latin medica or herba medica, because it had been brought from Media at the time of the Persian War, about 470 years before the Christian era. ‘The Romans often cultivated it at any rate from the beginning of the first or second century.
It has been found wild with every appearance of an indigenous plant, in several provinces of Anatolia, to the
south of Caucasus, in several parts of Persia, in Afghanistan, in Beluchistan and in Kashimir............ The Greeks
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(S. Kusano.)
Or 0% AMT MLD I KARR D. H. Campbell:
(Ann, d. Jard. Bot. d. Buitenzorg, 2. Serie, Vol. VI. 1907, p. 138-194.)
36 ib Qe4on- OEE (Ophioglossaceae) 4 stay okt leet yy BRK A
Studies on the Ophioglossaceae.
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OTN TANAKA A BE G. G. Hedgecock:
fungi which discolor wood
XVII. 1996 p. 59)
Studies upon some chromogenic |
(Missouri Bot. Garden
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deleterious excretions by roots. (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
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5
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|. tol stosinn’ riparilum L, 24. ‘Thamnium Sandei Besch.
2. Anomodon tristis Ces. (QOS)
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Gesellschaft Wien.
a) Caryopsis triangular, without wings……………P. convolvus L. NR TAIN
b) Caryopsis triangular, with wings on each angele.
a) wings entire, caryopsis orbicular.--.--.-«.--P. dumetorum L. AA RIK, NRE R EA
2) wings dentate, caryopsis oblong-obovate, acuminate to the base.
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Inflorescence paniculate. Caryopsis triangular..-.-+- P. multiflorum Thunb. QR | (the End). (2R) Bite n B \ ARR O BI MPR MR RS EHERn 4 KR A IRM A Polygonum dumetorum
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135. Koch Syn. FI、*Germ. et Helv. (ed. IIT) I, P. 536. Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. P. 231. Regel. Ii, Uss. n. A418. Fr. Schmidt. Reis. in Amur. u. Insl. Sachl. P. 60 et PR. 169. Hook. fil, FI. Brit. Ind. V. P. 54. Forbes et Hemsl、 Ind. Fi. Sin. in Journ. Linn, Acc. XXVI. P. 339. Thome Fl. Deutsch. Ost. u. Schw. II. P. 64 tab. 197. E. De Halacsy Consp. Fl. Gree. IIL. P. 76. L. Diels. Fl. Tsin-lin-Shan in Engl. Bot. jahrb. XXXVI beiflatt. 36. Kom. FI). Mansh. I. P: 137.
Hab. RRSP BImse Ri \ a Nov.1895. fructif. leg. (T. Makino)
Distr. Reg. bor. et temp. per tot. orb.
Polygomun scandens L.
ie Spe plee(eda 2) P. 522. Willd, SpePl. UP. 406, Ait. HortoKew. (ed, 2) TE. Aad: Meisn. in DO. prodr. XIV. P. 135. Forbes et Hemsl. Ind. HI. Sin. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI P. 348. Kom. Fl. Mansh. II. P. 138.
var. dentato-alatum: Maxim.
ア
Fran..et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. II. P. 476. Franch: Pl. Dav. P. 256. Palib. Consp. Fl. Kor. I. P. 37. P. dentato-alatum F, Schmidt. in Max. Prim. Fl. Amur, P. 232. Hab. SSR? Oct. 1901. fr.; def. qui colligit. Distr. China. Manshuria et Korea. Sn 4 P. dumetorum Setinde SBME NON ORE) VBR (ELAS ARAM SBA NEXPNARPRA KIN H% | PR a Ngee EE 6 MBH MGR NK Ae eR mK Rint Key mee An KS KK 7
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KE At $(QW Franchet Savatier ||4#¥~\ Emuneratio plantarum japonicarum ヽ SRI SORA YO ANAM BA
i\ P. scandens L. var. dentato-alatum Maxim. in schedula. --Hab. in sepibus : Yeso, circa
Hakodate (Maxim.) + 8 AX wmX y <r \ Sm NHK Swed Savatier 外 RREXN RRS SR AH Husa > #1 Maximowicz BRE & 2» label RRS Maximowicz H\ Xa > BR Franchet Savatie HER y War Bk WR REED & A label gy P. scandens L. \Qe + Bey X a+ a mR Franchet Savatier EW we NA) EK AD eR 7 ee PERS Ee SERN AR (ADA dr | NN ESSER BE yD i ES mS Ee A Ns WX Sone dentato-alatum yn RA HA? ta Sia Sky's Rage m ~HPHE SD ek) pRENMA ARS KERR RRSyy St ny rw ys P. | SNL A 4 (RRs Ss Be = 中 へ 2 思 dentato-alatum 4-7
dr rN BEX MA KEE RK A OP. F. Schmidt < P. dumetorum 思ふ INRA RAR YD Linnceus { \ RFE ATER WANA SE SEM RIB A A NER pedicel y EXNKRI Bt awe ma 4 scandens ar ey\ RA n+ RRA? Xr’R scandens nm AK RX \Xe-
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dumetorum L. dentato-alatum erecto-scandente 1) KES > go) Mey Age\ Bx dumetorum | BSR A + \ 58 Ko scandens m me ov eh Se く AR 時 Masimowicz 四 \33 $84 P. scandens L. YOY Rin [A
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NAweRED | HAMA, P
HEMI K AN te KA RR Y BITE BN 44 PCE RO IN ES rd TARR HA | RE dumetorum 4) R scandens KHADR 4 AWAD dW \gK\ P. dumetorum L.A A cRKS ALI SEA ASK I= AD P. scandens L. var. dentato-alatum L. y < TRE NRE RH | INN MEK A Nee CEA KK?
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glabrum, racemis axillaribus terminalibusque simplicibus aphyllis v. basi foliosis laxis v. interruptis, fasciculis multifloris, pedicellis medio articulatis calyce fructifero magno duplo brevioribus, alis integris apice dilatatis achenio levi nitido sublatioribus.
RNIN A NIEMAN HA KN RO’
P. dumetorum L.
raceme 4 HRS \ wr tH pedicel < fy \ wk — fuk. A
P. scandens L. | .
raceme 4 HSE | ANSARI OS ERS ERRRN m AMD pedicel 4 BO \ WAS ShKR oD NM 4 REISER K 9 a
moh | § EA PRS OIE A yy Maximowicz t% \ Primitize Floree Amurensis « $81 |}Ol1]+1 [i 思 x AN Polygonum dentato-alatum Fr. Schmilt. ~ FakA AN A’AS& 1 Polygonum scandens var. dentato-alatum - NY i\ \ > PA qn ay” tah fade VEER ARN AMER Nee
P. (Tiniaria) annuum, caule volubili subglabro ; foliis profunde cordatis cordatoovatisve acuminatis, racemis axillaribus terminalibusque singulis v. binis subsimplicibus foliatis, laxis v. interruptis, floruin fasciculis 3-5 floris; pedicellis infra medium articulatis calycem fructiferum majusculum gequantibus; alis caryopsi subopaca granulosoretioulata sublatioribus apice emnarginatis plus minus profunde crenatodentatis, basin versus sensim in pedicellum attenuatis.
KE i eK footnote > > iW dumetorum + \ Hy Bb & A MOA 4 dumetorum m Ax i} OD IK ERS) 4 perianth- Wing i SaeK ama wing 4 pedicel | yy attenuate SH, QHABAK ana wWRoA dumetorum ms 中 > Re scandens + aX AGe~ scandens Shahn Wek» Ammar y P. scandens wfEX a wing -^ decurrent K \ +
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P. convolvulus \% R’AiN*% P. dumetorum x Ay
=)" S22 38 P. scandens var dentato-alatum | Par Xe KY Dr?
Lirnnceus & P. scandens miBA&\ A + a dumetorum + \ Hy. Sx Wee RK \ RA BVA’
P. dumetorum I.
foliis cordatis, caule volubili leevi, floribus carinato-alatis.
P. scandens L.
foliis, cordatis, caule erecto scandente, petiolis basi subtus poro pertusis.
=x Willdenow, Aiton $# \ FE wv eon Ss SX AW By A BE Meisner 補償 De Candolle RX Prodromus Systematis Universalis Regni Vegetabilis ~ $R+-BrsasRini |i | Day Am mA WIPRLASBHRA’
P. dumetorum I.
medium articulatis, calycem fructiferum majusculum subaequantibus, calycis alis integris achenio kevi nitido angustioribus,
P. scandens L. | 【
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MRK. Ne OE (ORES HERR m ARTES Hooker: Flora of British India vol. I. P. 429.
Maiden: Native Plants of Australia P. 160. 237. 389. 618.
Beddome: Flora Sylvatica of the Madras Presidency t. 82. Dodge: Useful Fiber Plants of the World P. 91. Tavera Thomas: Medicinal plants of the Philipines P. 50.
Watt: Dictionary of the Economic Products of India vol. I.
Henry: A List of plants from Formosa No. 104.
_Baslay: The Queensland Flora Past J. P. 133.
The Tropical Agriculturist vol. XXIII No. 6. P. 438.
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Zellenmechanik und Vererbung.
Results of Hybridizing Bursa Pastoris and F. Vejdovsky: Giebt es eine Reduktionsteilung ? W. E. Kellicott :
Selective Basis.
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J. P. Munson: Obeservations on the Generation aad Degeneration of Sex-cells.
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S. H, Gage: Glycogen in the Embryo.
M. Hartog: Pheotaxy of Copepods and Rotifers,
A. M. Lutz: <A. study of the Chromssomes of Atnothera Lamarckiana, its Mutants and Hybrids,
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J. M. Geerts:
Uber die Zahl der Chromosomen von
Oenothera Lamarckiana. (Berichte d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. Bd. XXV. Heft 4. 1907, P. 191-195).
Oar ART HN HIN IN Pad RX p REERGRI SN |b A HN RINE RX \ BREE ~ BS 1 GR \ BREE A, M. Lutz: of Oenothera Lamarckiana and one of its Mutants, O. gigas. (Science, New Series, Vol. XXVI. No. 567, 1907, P. 151-2)
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A Preliminary note、on the Chromosomes |
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Nebo e eh + ~\ RA RS » EKRERINSS + ~\ BERK 11 Eh J R. R. Gates:
Oenothere lata xO. Lamarckiana, and its Relation to Mutation. (Bot. Gaz. Vol. 43, Feb. 1907, P. 81-115).
Pollen Development in Hybrids of
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Foslie, M.: Antarctic and subantarctic Corallinaces.
Videnskabers Selskabs Skrift. 1906. no. 8. PP. 3-37) Lithophyllum acanthinum 4 S))gR ated ( soy see ee be )
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(Wissenschaftliche Hrgebn. der Schwed. Sadpolar- RH 1) SN SOHB + a Lithoph. incrustans \ 42m 3 I Sete SH Exped. 1901-1903. Bd. IV. dief. 5. PP. 1-16. with iy 4 Lithoph. discoideum mx 1K Cm Ei] two Plates). oe ete 6 BE AEE eK AR + (BISCSS | CHR” ne aS 1 1) 4 Sob He od KER HES I A Ba ut Lithothamuion fretense i =]
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oS Alternanthera sessilis, Br. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 144].—Add : RSH (Cheh-kiang). ( Sha} aus the BE ) ー Note.—This sp. is said not to be easily distinguished from Al. nodiflora Br. (Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. IV, 732). Celosia argentea, L. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 230].—Add : dite (Nan-ching; K. no. 13). Chenopodium album, L. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 145].—Add : ‘eit (Nan-chiug; K. no. 1 ). “Polygonum hastato-sagittatum, Makino, var. . latifolium, Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XVII, 120. Ep SSk4 (Cheh-kiang). | AKAD aa Polygonum orientale, L. |Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 145].—Add : ‘eine (Nan-ching; K. extra 4). % Obs.—A specimen from Su-chow collected by 8. Oka is more pilose, and the hairs are intermixed with glands. 中 Securinega fluggeoides, Muell. Arg; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXVI, 426; Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 426; Matsum. rv et Hayata, Enum. Pl. Formosa in Jour. Sci. Col. XXII, 359. 5 mm Eine (Nan-chine : K. no. 31). 1] ? Glochidion Fortuni, Hance [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 232].— Add: =Phyllanthus puberus, a. Fortuni, Muell. x Ane. in Wer Brodit DOVe Qe O07. ‘eine (Nan-ching. K.). | | ‘ Cudrania triloba. Hance, Hook. Ic. Pl. XIII, t. 1792; F. et H, J. L. S. XXVI, 470; Diels, E. iB J. ‘ae e298;
尾翼 (Nan-ching : K. no. 35). ° (RE ) Note.—It is “ 'I'sa-tree” the leaves of which are used for feeding silkworms in the case of the failure of the suppry of mulberry-leaves. Monocotyledones. | Carex lagopodioides, Schk. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 171]}—Add: $SK{ (Cheh-kiang). | SSS eee
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‘ei (Nan-ching; K. no. 32).
Obs.— Total plant pubescent, calyx-lobes acutish, corclla glabrous. These points distinguish my specimen from C. stenophyllum Hemsl., which is a closely allied sp. But the present sp. is stated to have the margin of the leaves revolute, which fact is not observed in my specimen. Tpomaea Quamoclit, L., F. et H., J. L. S. XXVI, 162. (7 note). ‘eine (Nan-ching; K. no. 16). | LRAAD Note.— This is not a native of China, but of tropical America. Lyciam chinense, Mill. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 229].—Add: ‘ete (Nan-ching; K. no. 5). Mazus stachydifolius Max. Mel. Biol. IX, 404; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXVI, 183; IM macranthus (Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 141}. = (Su-chou, O. no. 286). | Justicia procumbens, L., F. et H., J. L. 8 XXVI, 246; Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 579. ‘eine (Nan-ching : K. no. 11). te AKN bh Vitex Negundo, L. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 142].
Add: ‘ein (Nan-ching; K. no. 7). Salvia japonica, Thunb. var. integrifolia, We Sav, “Enum. Pl Jap: Th: 463°; F. et Be ea XXVI, 284; Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 558. ‘ei (Nan-ching; K. no, 24). rATARENATNEAD
Salvia plebeia, R. Br. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 143].—Add : Sky (Cheh-kians ).
Monochlamydee.
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IIT, 309. ‘eine (Nan-ching : K. no. 28, extra 7). Carpesium abrotanoides, L., F. et H., J. LS. XXIII, 430; Diels, EH. B. J. XXIX, 615. deine (Nan-ching : K. nos. 2, 6). “ NSKSS Th Cnicus chinensis, Benth., Max. Mel. Biol. IX, 331; F. et H., J. L. S XXIII, 461; の 7c22772 chinense, Gard. et Champ., Walp. Ann. II, 945; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 168; Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 627. tees (Nanthing|; ko 10. 22). | Obs.—-This sp. seems to be very variable, the leaves sometimes being cottony, sometimes glabrous. Moreover, their form is not constant, and it is said to be a near relative of C. lineare, Sch. Bip, and insensibly to transit to it. Hehpta alba, Hassk. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 134].—Add: ‘eine (Nan-ching; K. extra 2, 6). Lactuca brevirostris, Champ., F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 479; Diels, KE. B. J. XXIX, 631. ‘eine (Nan-ching : K. no. 3). Karo (SRB)
Obs.—My specimen is of var. foliis laciniatis of Forb. et Hemsl. l.c. 3 Picris hieracioides L., DC. Prodr. VII, 128; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 474. deine (Nan-ching : K. no. 14). 3 Scorzonera austriaca, Willd., Ledeb. FI. Ross. I], 792: J. L. 8. XXIII, 488. deine (Nan-ching; K. no. 1).
Trachelospermum jasminoides, Lemaire [| Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 139, 229].—Add: | SS} (Oheh-kiang ).
? Cynanchum sibiricum, 8. Br., F. et H, J. L. 8. XXVI, 108; Vincetoxicum sibiricum, Decne. in DC.
Prodr. VIII, 525; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. III, 46; Max. Mel. Biol. IX, 779.
me Phaseolus radiatus, L. var. typica, Prain; Matsum. Conspect. Leg., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XVI, 92; F. et (cee a L. S. XXIII, 193 (in note).
4 3 21m (Nau-ching : cwlt., K. no. 12). Ra KON Fe | Thermopsis fabacea, DO., F. et H., J. L. S. XXIII, 150. 冠詞 (Cheh-kiang). PNR
Photinia serrulata, Lind]. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 128].— Add: Sid (Cheh-kiang). Potentilla fragarioides, L, [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, ].c.].—Add: SS} (Cheh-kiang). Rhaphiolepis indica, Lindl, [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 129].—Add : sey (Cheh-kiang). Sanguisorba officinalis, L. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 226].— Add : 性 人 (Nan-ching : K. no. 23). Itea chinensis, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. t. 39; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 278.
0x2 ~=(Hong-kong; O. no. 195).
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= Cotyledon japonica. Max. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 226].—Add : #£iR (Nan-ching; K. no. 36) ra Daucus Carota, L. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 131].—Add: {Ei (Nan-ching; K. ez が eg 1). (7s) Rt) ES Gamopetale. Serissa Democritea, Baill, F. et H., J. L. S. XXIII, 391; Diels) E. B. J. XXIX, 582; Democritea serissoides, DC. Prodr. IV, 540. 2 ‘24% (Nan-ching : K. no. 18). S | Bidens pilosa, L. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 134].—: ddd: Benth. FI. Hongk. 183; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.
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Aegle sepiaria, DC. [Bot. Mag, Tokyo, XX, 109|.—<dAdd: ‘ein (Nan-ching; K. extra 3). Ailanthus glandulosa Desf; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXII, 112; Diels HE. B. J. XXIX, 425,
deine (Nan-ching. K. no, 25). os > Hf CER? mie) Ilex cornuta, Lindl. et Paxt. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 225].—<Add : Sh (Cheh-kijang ). Euonymus japonica, Thunb., F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 120; Diels, EK. B. J. XXIX, 441.
dein (Nan-ching; K. no. 4). Sageretia theezans, Brongn. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 125].—-Add : SSH (Cheh-kiang.) Pistacia Chinensis, Bge., Eng. in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. IV, 291; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXIII, 148; Diels,
H. B. J. XXIX, 431.
‘eine (Nan-ching : K. no. 27). ANAND A (HR) Crotalaria sessiliflora, L., F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXIII, 152; Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 411. (£ {hk (Nan-ching : K. no. 30). x Kab へ
Gly cine Soja, Sieb. et Zuce., HE. et H., J. L S. XXIII, 188; Diels, EK. B. J. XXIX, 417; G. ussuriensis, Regel et Maack, Matsum. Conspect. Leg., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XVI, 66. deine (Nan-ching : K. no, 26). | NA PR Lespedeza striata, Hk. et Arn. F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 182; Diels, EE. B. J. XXIX, 415; Matsum. Conspect. Leg., Bot. Mag., Tokyo, XVI, 54. 7 ‘eine (Nan-ching; no. 10). | ei. KAD Lespedeza villosa, Pers., F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 183; ZL. tomentosa Sieb., Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 415. ieing (Nan-ching; nos. 19, 29). 3 a et ee |
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COB {BEI | AUER RR ALR om a ea Ter sag a1 1H (Second Addition to a List of Plants collected in China by Dr. Shinzo Oka : Bot. Mag., Tokyo, vol. XX, nos, 233-5; First Add., no. 237). SS OE が LP NR (RO MS mean
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Delphinium anthriscifolium, Hance [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 102].—<Add: Si (Cheh-kiang). tanunculus ternatus, Thunb. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 103.|—AdAdd: Sid ( Cheh-kiang). Moricandia sonchifolia, Hook. f. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 105|—Add: Sid ( Cheh-kiang). EE くる) Dianthus chinensis, L. [Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XX, 107].—Add: ieine (Nan-ching; K. no 20). Corchoropsis crenata, Sieb. et Zuce.; IF. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 94; Diels, EK. B. J. XXX, 467.
ei (Nan-whing: K. no. 15). RINK Hh > (HS) Tribulus terrestris, L., Wight Ic. t. 98; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind.-I,;°423; F. et H, J. GL. S XXIM, 97
Diels, FE. B. J. XXIX, 420. ER (Nan-ching; K. no. 9), , bw rd (SRR)
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«Satie IK- INN & + NBR Tetroplodon.
Be (=< s\ | ) Funaria.
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see) BON or KBB Schlotheimia.
pa eadevecnccvencecscensecedssccpesebebesssuel a AA
いい いせ 5 こい 一 mm アホ ォ ー ベ ーーー ayn まこ か キー トド こと きこ まこ EEREEESRREREERR SR SS まま \ el x BR Ulota.
(206)
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ae ee a eee eee HYNKAD A —ABR Hpipterygium.
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(205)
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(204)
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ARN SEED (BRISA AR ED EGER § 財 艦 ト ゃ ………… & BOs & USER Ceratodon.
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(201)
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max NETRA OVA PNR AER] AEN BR Ii RN BRS MAR AR AN CEN SS BR YS Microcladia elegans N. Sp. 90 AA で よう
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Carpoblepharis Rchmitziana ,Rbd.) OKam. 49a 49
Microcladia corallinae
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(199)
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(198)
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OX AAA K—) RE B ER \ nye os SR | ERR Skottsberg, C.: Zur Kenntnis der Subantarctischen und Antarctischen
Meeresalgen. 1. Phaeophyceen.
( Wissenschaftliche Ergebn. der Schwed. Siidpolar- as 1901-1903. Bd. IV. Lief. 6. pp. 1-172. Mit ) Taf. u. 1 Karte u. 187 Textfig. 1907.) BI32 | 301 MRS | O° SB! KR | RAY’ EBS VER Rr NY AYN { BRRREAR RAD RAS [RED] Gra ERIN HAR 1NANINNK m XE ER eee yy Rey BED a BE SS) SE RER FE RO RN RON A els SE ee
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(\\)) &. chinense L. var. Finlaysonianuin Max. ~ win a - aR ト へ 宇 AH < ddd ete | SKN INA RA WAKA
4 ふ ateko2 moe A yy E. japonicum Thunb. var. sachalinensis Fr. Schm. +f} + fa4 &
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Zur Morphologie und Entwicklung von
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uppermost portion glabrous, attaining about 1 m. in height, a few upper leaves entire, lower ones mostly tri-parted, involuclar bracts linear, obtuse, 5 flowers in a head)…… E. steechadosmum Hance (Fujibakama ) (Kwa-i [4#6@¢] Herb. Vol. III : Honzo-Zufu XI; Zusetsu XV, fol. 55). AAD WON ERS AEE A REA IIR YAR PSR RR PN IN REN U8 +84 -O RN 4 FERRY YK MM | smal Ben Bos ARe Bm ewe TERN PN KR IN HN {SISA GAA 8 Ih 4 RRERK Ae ae wy BREE A EE 1 [1] ERae MRT SO ® ABM HLA WMH WH BMS ARB M4 mas Rog DX A\SMAHX ee ee eS IS Bip ~ HELE A HSN EK Ay AOS Ane 4 RGR OB A KR ad N BEOE 4 AIK yagi os \ EOE 4 JUG \ MEER sm OR A SE Meas HA RE! OR’ HE’ A MEE RE RR He RS AS (RR) RE WN Bee” RR Re Sg seg) ioe as) RIC" OAKS SIRS mR’ RES’ OS" Ha の 326 つつ WIS
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(2 HB) Ez Se | nie Rae y 09 PANEL ITNT RK A) Stree wg se さ pase Reevisii Wall. < 2X8 Bar ES i DS Nee RE EE. Tashiroi Hayata 2 PNRM SE NK Hy) OS A HE = SS Be YY AR E. chinense
L. var. tripartitum Mig. A HBR yy HUM HK A MAIN 45946 Ave BER NRE A RENAN Gr KA
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Hapatorium chinense L. \ 0m (i924 S46 | BEEK AC ANY AR. 7 & AHN BOHM Bee KA WAN HARON > WACRRERK SSB WERT & A BEDE ¢ Ds EN ER 6 EK EL chinense L. 4 BEEK AW AN KA RD RAR INN “ URES \ SOR ¢ Gio Ane 5 RN BU | ERA WMA IBD NG KR AGA AREER | iE. Stoechadosmum EEX AWA (PBA KHOA Rey | 沿 KSW や ヘー 的 NN te) A ENS \ EE X A CEE. chinense L. 4 44946 B36 Hd YK EW 26 O24 45-5 | 濁 KA へ S < EL Lindleyanum DC. \BRQU + REE XK (NK SE Er A496 BORO RES NWN HREKM IR A HR OINTE 1. Leaves 4—3 verticillate (not subtrinerved), both achenes and leaves punctated with glands..----- Hi. japonicum, Thunb, var sachalinensis Fr. Schm. (Kurumaba-hiyodor1). Leaves opposite (very rarely scattered) .-..-. Sige spade gh eget aN ops te mcateret arena yo), anne tens の . 2. leaves subtrinerved (lateral nerves running almost parallel to the middle one throughout the lower half of
the leaves), both stem and leaves subscabrous, achens as well as leaves punctated with glands, involuclar
bracts linear, mostly acute トー トト ーー ニー ニー ーー ツー OPCCCPPCPPCCEPCCE EH, Lindleyanum DC. (Sawa-hiyodori). Leaves with usnal nervation (not subtrinerved), involuclar bracts, linear, mostly obtumse… ト ーーー……… 3). 3. Both achens and leaves punctated with glands, leaves papyraceous.----- EK. japonicum Thunb. (Hiyodoribana).
Both achenes and leaves not punctated with glands, leaves giabrous often tri-parted. (Stem except the
a AN + YW = os ah ME St Dy Hh
(191)
@) NAKANO MRA 1 = MBH ASE A HRN SRE NEY S ARETE 4 HS RROD RINK fh 4 RAKED NN RR KER NR I BS RNS A ARN り SOEE \ AM ER NX Eupatorium steechadosmum sp. n.—Caule erecto tereti striato, inferne subglabro, superne pilis brevibus crispulis pubente ; foliis oppositis auguste et fere lineari-lanceolatis in petiolum brevem attenuatis apice acuminatis glaberrimis v. nervis puberulis regulariter callo-serratis, dentibus 1-2 versus foliorum basin, in inferiortbus nunc in lobulos varie longitudinis sed intermedio semper breviores productis, corymbo composito, pedunculis bracteolatis, capitulis 5—floris, involucri squamis circ. 10 ingequalibus exterioribus brevibus glalerrimis oblongis omnibus obtusis nunc subcoloratis, floribus albidis, achaeniis angulatis secus angulos glanduloso-puberis. A Rinis in ollis cultum, ob florum gratum odorem apprime Lavandule similem. Specimina obtinui culta florentia m. Novembri 1862. (Herb propr., n. 9817) Finitimum videtur E. E. Finlaysoniano et Reevesii. (ん AX 4 4 BR yy EL Reevesii ¢ ANY ARN E chinense Hin RAR BEARA NAD 4H—-W 4 odtZRoxwst y E. Finlaysonianum m E. japonicum + dns 45) SYN ALIERM (R= 459%6 Rvs | MN SL RRNA Me RR An RY iA ADA | RP RARR an) < へ K 2 Sh8R Ie. steechadosmum ~ (hob Rm ASPEN RR ENN SERA x (Journ. Bot. Vol.
VII [1878] 228)
ES 一 ーー 一 - 。 ,_ — __§ —,
The first time this has been found wild [ Oct. 1S7( ) |、 The serratures of the leaves are frequently deeper than
in the cultivated specimens, and the achene is destitute of glands. CN KER NFER AER AES 4AM A | ROR A MAR IED NR KR I NON ANw RINK RE RNS
O44 Aané CEnpatorium steechadosmum Hance.) へ ge 1) 2K Ys
Ogio Ax CEupatorium stoschadosmum Hance.) \NEN Rh ME
mr Sch ar Bod RA+ de 4 BOS K AK AE (Sea «EE. chinense L. s KH. japonicum Thunb. <1 [Ee mgh yo ee w NAD a Ry DW ERA Ba Ie VSB O NK A em EY & ASIEN RES NO or EK RNS KR 2 \ Gath ER. chinense L. oy 4 BRN ERR mM SEN RD I BR, RAK NEB BLED NR YOON $2.19 E. japonicum Thunb. 1) ty 4 #8 \ SSSR BR OR ARR ORREN 4 BON A RI KENA Sx Av Or APRA AER BRA BS OK As & (EL japonicum Thunb. (6-44-9464 1) DEA \
“EN ( め or) ェ ー —
teat FE. chinense L. 4 44936 Aves] KIN'K AN の る つの で (RTLindleyanamn DC.) |] RK Aw へ 本 へ 人 NED HY < itn E. chinense L. ~ 8s HE. Lindleyanum = 98% aK HR A ERRE NT I]ES A A on + XR (achene) | 38 1) BEAK Ane mide aio EL chinense L. \ ie 4 RR Ra ne NK AMA NIN R A AES EL chinense L.
474406 D6 II 回 SS 部 ER Lindleyanum < NINN >A 4H —tR\ ERB LE. chinense L. yy |] BK ARK AMMA ZA
Se Hae ~ BHAG 6 Sx EL chinense L. m ~Q4928 Qos WRN S HACER N RTE (1 MIRED) BSS feb ete banat | re] fat) \ ak oh AIEEE ROR WORE Ath em. Ba a |
POLES NMG 5 IEE SRGIH WRAL MAN GSO Ae RA AKER Kaleo oe’ Eo Q0ss \ Rr AR Role Ae (GEOR EES HE) SRT EES SS 1 SRN REN 6 RII NX OUR A ALES 1K N SRB HOM AH | AN RENN PR EK Ans FR AERN AA AR |
45% Fe m6'R RES Hh HL A HORT S SEER = A SRI NEEM HD S AMIE PANN RINK eR AUD RB CR CK SR \ fe Rapatoriam \ AEN gx Ay 2 ERI HE HK +BY NA AsEN Ww EH. stoechadosmum Hance =| N | BA AW 4 ERO NINA |
HALA Ce + Bi
This again is not a well-marked species. Hance states that it was cultivated on. account of the fragrance of
_ its flowers, which have almost exactly the odour of lavender.
46 5 SRR OG Ray | BY RA RMOM BBY CA KER AER (Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. IV, XVIII (1862) 222 te
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Eupatorium chinense L. + EF yin dA - RG RK TAA (Osbeck) B RAB NAN ENERO RE RR RBS EM OXRPNKADRIADA]AX AR HAY B BRN oe He \KARA1KY OAK A — (Hemsley) QRH dp seit Ros (Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIII, p. 404) Buwn wy BA % eR eo ere KORA RE
ert | on Rm Bow eo OAK NR RA SHON REE RK A EL chinense L. < OE. Lindleyanum De. (8H) MIBK PY RKA+~ AWM HE. chinense L. 4 QUE 4 MRE ROBE rm age Hn aya ERMA AMR INR ADNY AD (Thunberg) K4 MHI HERS LE. chinense L. y 4A Sw\ ZUNSR +H HER 4 7444945 Samay EH. chinense L. + Pah» & Ww \ LIND
杉本 人 > と を (De Candolle) Rye [ne eo px) Ey EL chinense L. mehyX\ ARN ARR (HHO ces
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var. polydactyla
の MoS Re SES ROD A. Fischer:
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deutsch.
(181)
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(Shibata. )
ORF Py oORER be RED ATR EK RAHN SR
—)\ BS] J. B, Farmer and L. Digby: and Apogamy in Ferns. (Ann. of Botany. Vol. XXI.
No. LXXXII. April, 1907.) CHEF -R° ERA)
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Studies in Apospory
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(|) Athyrium Filix-foemina var. clarissima Jones.
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( 11 ) Athyrium Fitix-foemina var clarissima Bolton.
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CNAs
TRESS MEEN IE NK A (EG WEXEES AA) RRESAE SUSY 1 ERS INN NER PNK AHA RA SERS HX 1) <4 X Parthenogenesis < -$oH8% ( Protosiphon,
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(178)
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H. M. S. Challenger, Botany, Part. 1, 1885.) Honda, S, TXXLEREE | Hayata, B., On the Distribution of the Formosan Conifers, (The Bot. Mag., Tokyo, Vol. XIX, 1905.) Koppen, (1) Die Warme-zone der Erde &c. (Meteolog. Zeitschrift, Jahrg. I. 1884.) (2) Versuch einer Klassifikation der Klimate, vorzugsweise nach ihren Beziehungen zur Pflanzenwelt. (ebenda Jahrg. XVIII, 1901.) Matsumura. J., Index Plantarum Japonicarum &e. Vol. TE 1993. Masters, M. J., (1) On the Conifers of Japan. (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. Vol. XVIII, 1881.) - (2) On the Conifers of China (ebenda Vol. XXXVII, 1906.) Mayr, H., Monographie der Abietineen des Japanischen Reiches, 1890. Okada, T., (1) On the Climate of the Bonin Islands. (8 g¢$ki3s1 |+H ESS) の (2) Ueber das Klima der Bonin Inseln. ( Meteorolog. Zeitschift, Jahrg, XXII, 1905.) Supan, Die Temperatur-zonen der Erde. (Peterm. Geogr. Mitteil. 1879. citiert in Hann, Handb. 中 Klimatologie, Bd II.) Volkens, Die Vegetation der Karolinen &c. (Engler, Bot. Jahrb., 1901.) Wallace, Island Life. Warburg. (1) Monsunia, Bd. I.
(2) Eine Reise nach d. Bonin u. Volcano-Inseln. (Verhandl d. Gesellsch. f. Erdkunde zu Berlin.
22
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: 1891.) Yoshiwara, S., (1!) Geological Age of the Bonin Islands. (Geolog. Magazine, Vol. IX, 1902.) ) (2) Sepitek く MHXARE NK (BRAS) Zittel, Handbuch dd Paleontologie, Abt. IT, 1890.
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‘YA An EE HD Drude, 0., (1) Handbuch der Pflanzengeographie. es (2) Atlas der Pflanzenverbreitung. (Berghaus, Physikal. Atlas, No. 45.)
Engler, Versuch einer Entwicklungs-geschichte der Pflanzenwelt, ce. 1879-82.
Goldon, The Pinetum, 1858. (citiert in Hildebrand, Die Verbreitung der Coniferen. )
Grisebach, Die Vegetation der Erde, Bd. I-II, Aufl. II, 1884. |
Hildebrand, Die Verbreitung der Coniferen. (Verhandl. des naturh. Vereins d. Rheinlande nu. Westf. Bd. XVOD)
Hemsley, W. B,, Report on Present State of Knowledge of Various Insular Floras, &c. (The Voyage of
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Section 12. Curviseta Ostf.
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20. C. paradoxum Cleve. SR] 12-15 B i + AAS Bnid? 1 CEB one eu ae. as VEX RAINEY BS \5e B- SIESTA’ AA? Ble ams & VSR (BEI NBS ER. Bm av Ss (oh \ B08 7
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(126)
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WS: RES (N+ Remi[m)? wWesesne (1 士 忌 向く 世 )” SHE (tVex<mi|s)”
KRIS: ROHe” | Cleve (1902) s& Ostenfeld (1902) \#8y ma % C. Schiittii, = C. Javanicum Cl. + 4 ka% NBS > “QQeeie | BAR SY D2RAD? BW Gran Ws OC. affine was) | WANK = NAR MIEN AO BRO NRE EE A 寺 NH] s | eR AMA? Boe 4 Lauder \GO% A C. affine \QIMR+ dd” Sm PRAY RINK HEX (Gran, Diat. p. 81). SY eet Oe OS Met ol RR HR A TAR | BS] ab) ER | BEER | HB a-c WO NAN REN AS
19. @. Ralfsii Cleve. oR |EEES 6 fe
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WE: ASHE (NEVER MI|a) RES (NIFRECRI TD)’
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TE | BRINN + HA Ar RAKAMAN HER C. affine ~ BAO] BRINK += NIN BANG
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Ms BS in W RNR MN KO
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(124)
peut hee + is
OX ANN KRU LIN RE RRR trip
mE in SRE EK)? SOARES 6 RES TEI AR NIE ROBE | B\KKA Pew KNBR NK \ GRERMH RD EE NO WS): ESM] (1A melo lm)” RS SATE (4T HB)’ HS: SSMS A A AKT NRK RMT ANA JN E I O? Finmarken nose \ eR K^ var. anglica 444+ \ \NEERESX \ SE AK Ge PEN 7 | 44 J yp \ yf KeRK A S=104, L=5-14y RAP Section 7. Constrictu Ostf. SOARES 4 1 [Ey Ne BREN 4 ARRR = BAK ARE RONDA MITK” BPRS TAN PNM APRA BSH 4 INR AWN NA BENE aD” Bb NERC I AR NR MICK © | 15. ©. constrictum Gran. SRE HEES 64 fe a—b. SR ¢ Aah WE PK 714-35 p 4? BS) 4 a em mR A oe 4 BES ON BBE AD NRO AE ON EK K* Baas = ee SXNS (EIS 1 a N* BRS ¢ SEMEN No SAREE 4 SI 11 D> \? HESS HK OER’ Bx BN E+ SE DRS SE Oy aaa Pe RERSR + WOR RIE CHES I SS Nie N WS: tia Rew\ SATE Rie: TR A—ANK [maar NAN HOH IR ANS KON DS & Jit A A Si \ Bode” SOSK \ Ra” KEE” mid (Lemwerm. | mM» )9 64 Hla VPN TP RRRKRA T S= 264 y AWD Lp BRS ANH 759 み トマ 16。 C, javanicum Cleve. CRE REES 55 還 回 三星 恋 (HREM SCH] ROU | HS) GB] BSL
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Des EN | NKR AD YA Nw SICK RD ANSE RIN ER RDB ISR ARR AI’ SER m Jn 4° |
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RK NAD yy RRO NRPARR A AANA ROS Flora + | PE RSOR NSE K YIN Ae ne NER A mM SA A IES NR A ARK BN NOK BASS fe oS NER NT BK
Oger O40 4 eS
Ss ‘fae SF Sg Sau * &
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et Sav. MIKNA AKERS WK ANA 4 BRN Hr AAO REND DB BD ( QABRA\BA ASH RT EIS OR HRN BRNITR SRR ITA OR 2+ HK ARRAS
C48 wu a rx NE 1 DH HAO AWN SE MK &
18 36 が 0 トン 4 の 2 の ーー UFC ~ Stimpsonia chama— dryoides C. Wright! SRENRASCPn~ Ost (RKE \ Ee DRO
D DsO 776 § DOR 1464016 716 BR Gagea pusilla Schult. た NIK NPE OBN [Eu HSV O1 MH SQ トト neHQdm Allium monanthum Marim. + | N08 Ml iOS Ow K A> PNABVAINKEA KE AURA m FES A S\N BRR DR a ND NI 4 RNIDE 4
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tes mw ekH N&R AR BK OH |e
AN ARN | ト 葵 十 く 虐 WOE 6 Soh aK OHS Seal Roy kA ee tae ae NLR K eel a < 叫 や NS < EA BK GSE WAKA 'R? WEVA 柏 shES T TaLN A ASE <2 sR THe 6 ae \S+ SR NES BS = KX 4 EK S pint shee HS 2 Dh Bet a) WHE NES mag fa i} BB) Gr iS NIE | NII ee +li|Raee Was 0 BK m= {Hx An 4th NHRC = 4 rR IK HONE NimhK AR. KN RA RA Se aN it HN ARN
IN 4 KS BEE HIN KO
RA- vw nas 3 1
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, RR BEAN UR RAPT SKA URN Wav vi’ RBRANTAIK IHN AMBRBNIE Sequoia gigantea, Torr Win 4° SNERN IDR KAN = TR {ist | gee ° BRERKLA Mammoth \WVnWran A) mn Mammoth-tree + $b sf 4 REE \ Se < Wellington ~ QIm ZEN 1 Sequoia Wellingtonia ~AI47R ( XB\E< Washington \QimB8at+ Aw Washingtonia Californica - ain Awe \” He gles TS AERA A = NIRA NRK CAo RIOR NARS PNAKAT LR Os Ne RRB OM Lobb Y\ RE NMI A Ao MEE, OBO AN AT BENEDETTI MMSE 1 Wd” WRT NR MIT A P\+RRAA AR? BW Dr. Mayr Kv MmR»aAR # N (PER RAO’ SRR TRS SN RRR TN m SDS) 2 A NH EY IN A
HN SRY N= NK ARIK NISRA SEARS
=| CHR RK YQ PAIN + ee Po MRE NRE IN
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(94)
et
月 四 年 十 四 治 明
—* ーー
p. 495 ) (HIKER ET 6 ) : TS HCH Se. RRR RK ASE Sonatas HWM mae ag, RA n+ -* BH mays eNsem PRY aa B para n+ 4 MWR AW IN? NA BESS S SKRRHT 4 KEES RO RE ARE RAK AR NERD Ra RARE ABRH
a RK AWN TOON” RR NE A EK RA SCE \ HK A REE ¢ ABI N EEE \ Sm Bn
aK A Me depressa, AG incarnata y > ind % ijt
~ 4 Physarum didermoides, Aethalium septicum,
ie HH N 1 th NS BR I stom Wt 1 Ein | HE (EERE BE) NU RAR SER BK | (DS8N0 \ ES tw < Oomatricha longa io 1 BX aC: a. Ueber die Entwicklungsbe- He NAP ne MER YA) RAKES LSA RR dingungen der Myxomyceten( Ann. Mycol. IV. 1906. . Oey m AKER RIN Ko Didyminm effusum \ Sar 5
a
| —1) S282 1 wW$eY 4% Badhamia macrocarpa, Dictydiim
umblicatum i3 | |= aN RG ,1j -—HuzS en ey
ate
ERE SS | Ske ye A SSE RAB a GR VK | Bu Moa mananSxxan? Ses 1 m his
QA > NER SOAS 5 a) \ EMR ay = ny 5 ERE 0
| ee SE Ae SE hk ARES Seth i IER SR ICH CAS aE Wry BESER AR (ERB Re Kae? GX Besa 4 | Aethalinm septicum, Stemonitis fusca, Comatricha longa ~\ 。 | SES NEGO NS < 潤い 関 婁 トー ヘ "1 Sis TEE WN NEMS KA RS NS 4 AR RS KO 高生 た sth BIS hie + SRK \ BERE RM “RENEE a N Skt m SS Se Teh ik cece ek amines STH AO RD SM SKE BRN 6 RRS FEBS | RON 4 ADD ASHE Mm SB HAMA RAS Hed HEN Sea NK AWA 4 Bw NEHA NN BON A - Ba BONO | RE DB NB 4 ar & A RDN SMB’ A SNA A AR AUIS N EER oN BES ON WIE RAR | ROS SRE BRO A BR TERY NN ) ah CORRE 6 RA EES RR EI A RR AS
oo ee ali ahonee ile Ns Mails <> ALE WH 4 aOR PD NRE AO
By All
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93 )
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EX my Sak 1 ^ E. Strasburger, Die Ontoegnie der Zelle seit 1875. Hose ¢ SERS Se AIK NY + BPE NTE He INE \ SE TERY NASA BR ASR <n RSE At RR on SRR NN ORERSE RR A & ES WER NM RAE A (O° BRB | RY tet SENS wom Soe ARENA NO HE OR RS mh ARIES V2 KAS AEC | EIGER) RES EV HEA DK AAR? Bm ado HA fF ih NBO ED RCN ER om AER NIP RN BB >^ B2H) Ri Pan vik n ky SE Re BES i Beno Py QevEi Danke rr Abo’ oe Se 2e ee a. AXE 4 HR Koernicke RAT. Stand der pflanzlichen Zellforschung 1903? 2 RD WEB K AW \ > LE RAY RIN ARIK IN >9 WEBEL Ite" SEEEETOS 11° D. H. Scott, The Present Position of Palaeozoic Botany. HOSE PERRIS NR NAR ゝ
dom - Se {de PBS je X ARS SN
1, Tr A
SPs UR on cane
NER CaN ER? RIB Van BO? BSD ih REMERON SSL + VRE RS Ao RVR i BB 11]4° i] E. A, N. Arber, Palaeozolc Fossil Plants. Tete + Bee NANA WW] KAY FORA? Ra 1 REN HN ANN IN REM OBS \KeT SSmEO4° 4 Silurian, Devonian, Lower Carboniferous, Upper Carbonian Permean \ SER y RMS ANRLN SRM Bids 1 KRM SA 4 SE A BI” Ch. Flahault, Les progrés de la botanique depuis 1884. RS SRSA \ SAR A Co Kt Be i aR alae chs SEM RRS RE BS HE AA EUS HR
ZH RS-RENES
Bibliography of Literature on
eéographie (= ‘
NN | 5% Floristics \ | ZED”
物 移
シ ル 召 大 ~ AE AY AL BR iy By
8 歴 地 = > 理
プア テア 包
STR IN 4 | Re ral ite ho TYR C
sob ey (8. Kusano)
TN BN |
> 四 sa ol A HL
we: * gt
a pa
Ue
結 力 論 ノ
a AE 附 25
ジ
-' id |
(92)
Ay ee Heck = A eae We i BH
Se OTN A Ha RNAS Jee | aR 1
ON on Reo a RE oe MN RK NEE NS Hey XW Bnn se VEE | < BSN SRY a Be RE RAN\ HHS 6 NEM I Oe K A Nf DINER RRM AIK N AN eRe A MONT 4 OME \ RGR EE (A SHR + Se NCHS Me i fear AIRE Ry N= eee PN S 」 \ BRT 4 re NRE IN EK K A mayne] BR TKR A Rew (MSN Ry os & AR ORR ICH 4K HAS A RENE RET PA NON 4 ee Rh ATR A RH SIM RK A SEIN BBM 4 WANN BRYA BHERRSYNAKRAR RA DD ay 4 FEMS SHH 4 Pn SE SES NSE RAN IN い eer MVRBXQBADAT KRAAN A 4 4 RE He OW HAE m 1B iN REEMD mom 4 RE EOE pilz- freie Rasse m#e32 x AW \ HY CAR Em AR 4 eI BAR Kn BHR ER ND HMR MRNA A C RINK AW SKRISE 1 SONS A MIND A 4 BHU REG R ER PRN Hi 1 ELEM N ARERAKRND, DBWOA Mee th FH SF eG NN ee WV eA AT CR RDA + NR I ENE RE So HikKE SS VSB NIT K An eM RYN et AR AH NS ier HSER NB Ye ARR NTER C1 4 Pa
Scien) mRMYAP\S KANG HIN K MS TER PIR SMR RR KA NARA NX? SrHONT SG WAH HK —HK VIR OR ARD AT NAA NAA \ Be UHRA so BA oh SHIR th Ee AR IN GE WA EEK = Sel wy Masa \ ER oy A Bs 4 Bhd Ry ho A SoS 4 BRK AMA KS DD NITE S SESE m Ke K
AGE 7 RA AEN ADR + HRS SS = ER RISE OC + HA ERK ASEM BCR INA RO (Shibata. )
——————— ーーーーー )
Orat HHS Ben sR | fos 1B
J. P. Lotsy, Le) ech! ae ER Bh Qh Pe RE SE A BERR < CERREE Nhl Yin © SRR AAR AK CI Nabe | SA Oa KX \ CHR A MD QO BPEC SN BAS ( SPE AS | AX \ Seem BA \ ARK AC MS NEO RK AR KA %° BPRS SGT 4 ER 1 See | RRA A A KEIN REE y ee Se NEN yn A KR 7 Naber de 6 citi imie x 8 oY ~\ SBE m She in +See meAoS 4 ROE NSA ASEAN KERR NUR A HHA AO NA oS NRK m NERY AR A NERS NEED \SBAK A PAQYN AS CRW | BNE men KN
Progressus rei Botanicae I. 1. Hept.
ENS PREAH REE Ky NARS RA SA/BNSA NE) BAH RAK By ABW i igi eC ee RSBABAN (ABE eso aw WR ui RR NPBA D+ RARR NUN ANE Een SSF 1S) eR PN ARE TS ER FERRED (Penetrating cap) m
Boma 4 SX mo Br em AMO Re (Suspensor) + BASE, | NWA ys 6 etd Noy Sy ASB] wkd wil] \ SSE (Xccondary sus- pensor) ™ KX RePN\ SER mA A NETS 5 SAE Mm
=e こ
& 雑学 物 fifi
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NAL \ AEN AR Ra Sina SMR (Primitive type) =O KAN AWE WEED A ERR (a very recent type) (K. Miyake)
— 第
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i
Os +1 OTR N es RS NA+ NRW]
+WeE
ーー ーーー ーー テー
Uber pilzfreies Lolium temulentum.
E. Hannig : (S.-A. aus Botan. Ztg. 1907, Heft IT.)
NA ANAT AKKXE EE |] \ICHER- >
TP RICR ERE Ein
De
に AD a” INTRA NHK ARR RAD
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KA ARN H—'D 2 HERS REM Ne
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(91)
BM O46 ANN Oe BBN ae Se
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Fig Nt Sth» RE’ BL’ Re exe
Fey SRSA 9 BR HEE A RE Sh i tS NEEM Ry eA Bea He ps 5 1 Sahay KS PC YX fd KA Ae RRS a AS へ か 人 30
if oe
A ee a Sel aes hee KATRA Rac! (NH ey PNKAY PRN HRB- WHY HSE + NESE (KA BRAINN ED NISRA RA ADNAN BAD ABIERS ¢ ¢ L. perenne, L. italicum ~ Ree B- NEE 1 MEE BN An zR AS WQS BRED NESS 6 SEE PRADA RRR RN =X” Qedose ( HN pn AD 4 ERA SHR SA RES Nh or NEY AOS Nite Se SIMS a Hedi Ae x cae NT AN AD EM 6 = NEE By AA HN KA? BOR
KNX KY v ENE RSo0E | Rae Se >A UIE BB | |N\ ERE nan’? BAPE (SSR
defo} \ Es Shp \ SRE SEA HA) MRED A WHR SHA ARE SY A EMS 4 SIRE HR” Mot hah m asx ABR VE (BEN NR da P= GRAN A A NORE YA BS
(90)
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JY aS i
On-A MWS QawHE HERS Om Ht
Or—a si S See ~ Wee’ EXSERR wv ES
Anstruther A. Lawson: The Gametophytes, Fertili-
zation and Embryo of Cephalotaxus drupacea(Annals of
Botany, Vol. XXI. Jan. 1907, p. 1-23.) | SSO BRN ENSE” ESS Ree BK A HOS \ AUER. GR TRCIRA | ONE R XK EINK NARA? NH BRT ト AN RINE NER BERRA A KB OA NR Ri Sequoia sempervirens $X 4 SS \ PNHES w Py \ mR St 1 BE A BERR om > oh AUR S ch HOEK A ERS RIN NARA LE om NER y IRI KA BR
| HEIR ARRAS o | SHER ON RE | Ra YN eK AAR oS) (Tube-cell) >
Hie 22) (Generative cell) \(J/H\B2man ~ Ate
{Ron A Rar tes. extr SS (Vegetative prothallial
| cell) mx ¢ t+ SI mmx 区 実家 < BOde'a deat mn BES
| AXBRAN A PE yn sR Ee er ABH
,MGHR REG hR-~ tH S RAR Binley AME
| 4 BRB BANS meh Ama K WR KA
BR NINE RAH RRS tt HR SR NR Beam STD PSH SSUES A KOR NE ON 4 EE eI hy SERS S fa] 1 A RSS SH SEN NHS we Som nde 1 Ea RAR WK | B\ RBS (Body- cell) + | #@\ EW (Stalk-nucleus) m MYA K HR A 尿 35 RSS RE NI Hs A eB Ks ONE NI] BBS SN mm HK [EW HES NEE) EA SO AN S NI A RA IBA RRS NSB ARN DH | HV BS | BAS mien AR AH BAKE Bae GRRE oS
lopao th SSR ENR SNM A QO IRR A \ TSH + KEES KEIM (Megaspore) +\ We RRA DINER SA ~ SSISEIN IN SSSR ESHER (EG th SSH RS R ) SDK 2 SEN \ BR SHER HD ewe Ke yt New VME! | KS ER See mic Ae IO SSE STEEN EX RIN AN eK A RE SS eS strat SSNS + BA Nee eK A Sm ir EE NN eae} ORE RH SAH SO HSN BR Oo HES § SR Rel +. A SERB + KASS HRS ee i a SRE a kas BT Ee SRE S| et \ ES) (Jacket-cells) NICD MES TEE NN RRS ie x HEN (Ventrel canal-nuclens) m4yx A PEW. wy Pes. AEM
esas th 79 Nt SONA 4 BK NS A HRN He) | 4 SSS RRS 0 BRE oA ip BEETS ot MSO SR x BK
ME SB Yo Fil
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& aN mm DEN RES ER DRY KS A RRS EEN adm ey ABS SS
圭 喜 (111O 一 1111 < 時 製 ) 』 | RS SEDES wOEASSR 4 GR OO NK A SEER I RE RKO + ESS Kae Xin so ape e A RE AKO BN \ SER [RY
N44 Nt Rank, SO oe CEI eK Ane (RN eR MARA A TE ORAS RAS CX RNR YO TAN Ka PRANK ED NIKE NR BON BATRA RAIN RT RR RENE AT YN RAINY Ke IM AO BLY NANAK APN RIN AE NERR AS PDD wom Oo ER KAW NR Rh IR Te NORE NORIO ARE REN ARIN DAH NHAT DO mh BS 4 Qa \ EE HK An eRe DR MA RBNAK AH] MERA RE TAR I DOONREE NA m Ram Hen N+] NEY Rhinanthueb major. X’y Rh. minor by NA Re NRX AA
iH N—-#? > \Xws ASA (Husemann u. Hilger) RHIN THINS AH AK = NH | (Pflanzenstoffe,) , \ 41" MA % Koes #6 (Inula Helenium) \8py eK ~cAR AK KRORA\BRI SMA Lisimachia, Begonia, Tradescantia =
4 *62<6 (Huonymus europeus) « ith? D®.s4 (Acorus Calamus) Pimpinella, Saxifraga Ky Qs o
Bn 4649.0 (Rannuculus aquatilis) で の で (Daucus carata) x Chenopodium BR\ RSET (RSSENS KARAM K AN ABR IONE ER. ARENA RMS HBR AKA 1D NRHEEMSAY +E NONE K Ve ne ORY A
fee NRE we NM Me 8 OOR Nag 0 NER ES 1 ESS ASETEMEEN A SHS DWN) Sm BSE OD Bm RK A nn + 99% a ae
QDI wrth SON RIE ORR AT HEH
(89)
AD # + © wa
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Ay ee Ee
QDI Vs hCEMOBS\ REI RX RA’ BH
IW. japonica, Makino. NRE) yA EN NE BRK Coe NT IDERN | 4 SRO SIRES + INN EIR | |e GE RS) ¢ SURAT my RR RES oI RIN eT] SSAC oe te SRR 4 RRR ON) 4 BRN or A DRT 4 IRE 2 & SS Mik
テー つ 000 =a 060 Mm
Qgrwateod co tik ass Ree i ier re OM OR 人 RB で TN
asd RR A =
> ae wh AO 4 RAY AAR 6 BRIE m SI 2 Hy ARES ERT OAK A RAIN 280 (BNR 4 ES RG Sn \ Rr Em Cw ya ! Cate EST e ) EREE TBARS DO Othe SERRE <1 EEE SRR PAT Ni ne | WWD w REE K AR ne Ka SON RAK DARD | A EEN A a RR MK OK Ae KR | RE QRH IRR RHI Re WR I REN \ Rar RR No BD NRE (AR NTH | EEN A wie RK Ae RRA : Pe R REBELS (OK NEE A KINA BPD RRR AREY ADO VOI Se (FTN RI | Ree EL m AERA IN NR AN) INASMALAINST NEES ASRS AIR MT iy A INNES O REE [ SMR AT Hh A IN ERS DS AU ARIRHBOE SEN? Sf NR 9 HCE NBN |
mE nl Ho’
ER a
3 SINE yy HK ANE Bn aA’ HA Zw L unflora \HERV eK Ane. RREKA Liliaceze. (\ndn zt )
Gagea lutea, Roem. et Schult.; Bot. Mag. t. 1200; Led. Fl. Ross. IV, 138; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXXVI, 138; Komaroy, Fl, Mansh, I, 443. | Sikwe ese (Ll. May 18. ee ANKE HR BR BAR iz Lloydia triflora, Baker; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXXVI, 140; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. I, 464, #23349 (REE = 外交) 4%. ] fr Gagea triflora, Roem. et Schult.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. IV. 141. a Skate Fi. May. ENENK ER “5 Paris. ‘p. # weeeaUAVE May, as: #86 1] Obs. —The specimen wants both flower and fruit. It seems to be a sp. allied to P. tetraphylla. |
Sage ?. Polygonatum stenophyllum, Max., Prim. Il. Amur. 274; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. I, 481; P. verticid/atum,
i in . . > . マデ 9 Bak. et Moore, J. L. 8. XVII, 387; P. verticillatum, var. stenophyllum, Bak., J. L. 8. XIV, 561 (after KomaroY ). 5 nd 1 守備 eHHS June. iit SRS “7. 1 shor oko i22 Filices. (EAE ) Woodsia alpina (Botton), Gray; Diels in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflauzenf. I. Teil, 4 Abt. p. 161; Komaroy, Fl, Mansh. I, 109; IV. hyperborea, R. Br., Transac. Linn. Soc. XI, 173; Hook. Sp. Fil. I, 64; id., Brit. F. t. 7; id., Syn. Fil. 46. x Seiad SK Aug. FEL AAK I~ rr に に に ロ . mn ー . . * . CO 0 が. 一 This sp. is cloely allied to W. sinuwata, Christ (=I. polystichoides, Eat., var. stnuata, Hook.), and
eee
(86)
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Obs.—This sp. is closely related to P/. nervosus, Hemsl., F. et H. lc. 272. Polygonaceee. CVS) Polygonum dissitiflorum, Hemsl., F. et H., Jy DSS eV 1, 328) Komarog tieeMansh.. Il as
ata GRE RRS) AMM
mupeemnvaen, Er, Aug. 16. Game sae Polygonum dumetorum, L., Sow. Eng. Bot. t. 2228; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXVI. 339; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. ie geieaeueay. Ey, July 5, ASSN と へ BY BRE Tridaceee, ( Miz GE )
Iris unifiora, Pall.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. IV, 94; Max. Mél. Biol. xX, 706; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. I, 491; Sea (REE ae) ROM WEES (agit) Sikes) Pi. May, 1905, (BRK DMRS RRS) Reine soit eee 6, June, 1905, (S272) RIE 4 RES (RN PN) \\ Ele > Poses Swe HOR Het) BRAS S BR WE +4 FS Kee IRE )PSORRS CRS aL ips me MeO Sees th ante 6 Cae Se et ee ee RE ( So OES 0 VU ERRERTEYORS URoDIOMROR s CORSMERY VRVEVROEL & ’\ HB Nag) CKings’ yellow 2) QPQHNEEM [1K A ORM P OAS ROS PX GNGE IA | HEX A BRS HR Iris Rostii, Bak. K Am OOS 9 + 1K NEERRURG” EER \ $e \ 401111 rh A AKER eee \& ABEnE < Iris uniflora \ Fg y Hida K A MAN <P RS EQ ee a IT. Rossii p
CE ne en Reelin, AP eg EN AEE LAD LOI eR ーー ーー =
2 | 220, (no variel name is given); Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 569, (also no variel name). - | weneanie Zee, FI. Aug, 16. Penh Sw eRe | Pedicularis resupinata, L.; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXVI, 214 Diels, KE. B. J. XXIX, 572. 人 Am 相当 Fl, Aug. 17. MERE eA BWR SR
Phteirospermum chinense, Bunge; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXVI, 204; Diels, E. B. J. X XTX, -570. 貴人 SAmEK Fl, Aug, 18. HARP eA Bh BAR Siphonostegia chinensis, Binth.) Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 203; 4°44: Piet TL, Ji ees eee 202: Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, eeimesmekin Fl. Aug. 18. ysarmpe BNR SRY (S24) Veronica spuria. L.; Led. Fl. Ross. II, 231; F. et H., J. L. 5. XXIX; Diels, HE. B. J. XXIX, 567; V. paniculata, L., DC, X, 465. yeae ャ ルーNSh (ROIs yy BHA) Labiate. (ukosS @ ) Ajuga genevensis, L.; Dicls, E, B. J. XXXIV, Beib. Nr. 75, p. 62. (Confr. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, (1906), p. 142).
a Me Ly Hil
— Be
rey
ギド 四
ーーー ーー ーーー
ggt23m 由 TS Fl. June 2.
92 は Amethyste ぇ regia L.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross, ILI, 441; Bot. a t. 2448: F. et H., J. L. S. XXAVI, 310; Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 552; #22 Ha (REE MOMaIe) K SST | = Er. Sept. 16. elles BRN Plectranthus glaucocalyx, Max., 2. typicus, Max., Mel. Biol. IX, 426: F. et H., J. L. 8. XXVI, 271.
(S4)
G@#RAFCLAMDe+O #8
ONR SHR SoS Rima fae
Primula cortusoides, L.; Led. FI. Ross. ITI, 8; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXVI, 37; HBS eta (RAE Ree gays eine sot sea June 2. ANAINDRD MEH SRe Gentianacee. am SS Fe ) Swertia chinensis, Franch., F. et H., J. L. 8. XXVI, 139; 3S) meas (ieee eee) 40 ASK Ophelia diluta, Led. Fl. Ross. III, 73. eS Borraginacee. | (Skat Fe ) Brachybotrys paridiformis, Maxim.; Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. Msp. 49, et 1054S ct dee ees. XXVI, 152. SeIeATIATE FI. May 20.
Obs.—In my specimen one or two leaves have long petioles nearly equal to the blade; others are subsessile or very shortly petioled. Oliver l.c. simply states: ‘“ Folia.--..--. --seeeeeee basi in petiolum brevissimum attenuata.” Except this point, my specimen completely agrees with the plant described by him.
Convolvulacez. (ARLE) Pharbitis hispida, Choisy, DC. Prodr. IX, 341; Convolvulus purpureus, L. Bot. Mag. t. 113, 1005, 1682; Ipomeea purpurea, Lam., F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXIII, 162 (cn note). ‘== (cult. ?). FARRAR E Scrophulariacee. (ANWR) Melampyrum roseum, Max., var. japonicum, Fr. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. Il, 461; F. et H., J. L S. XXVI
AE A Wy Ali
a WM
ー 沈
‘ | 1 PIN tt ae
Saussurea japonica, DC. Prodr. VI, 536; Max. Mé!. Biol. IX, 337; Benth., FI. Hongk. 167. (Confr. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, (1906), p. 227). IRATE FI. Aug. 13. unvne~ BYeW SRe Senecio aconitifolius, Turcz., F. et H., J. L. S. XXIII, 449; Syneilesis aconitifolia, Max. Prim. Fl. Amur. 165. ei oa} |sosrse Fr. July 16. Bee BRX (Rme) Senecio argunensis, Turcz., Mix. Mél. Biol. VITI: F. et H., J. L. S. XXIILT 450; Diels, EH. B. J. XXXVI,
Beib. Nr. 82, p. 107; 2 SH3 (RAE XE) RI
(SENEAA 1 (RRS ARMS RES RNEA Kn aoe 4. > ROTI | BEA % Artemisia annua L, 4f ne \Q0K =)
Solidago Virgaurea, L. (Con/r. Bot. Mag. Tokyo (1906), p. 227).
KRer\N AN RD Campanulacee. ( HOR ar) Adenophora divaricata, Tr. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. II. 423; F. et H. J. L. 8. XXVI, p. 11. sei sainss, Aug. 23. NQXAPAEDAN Primulacee. (ANNE) Lysimachia vulgaris, L., Ledeb. FI. Ross. III, 27; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXVI, 58; Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 523. [sree] Fi. July 26. cs ADRAD Obs.—This sp. is closely related to I. davurica, Led., and F. et H. (l.c.) state: ‘“ L. davurica should perhaps
rank as a variety of L. vulearis L.”
U tons ae) Sn + . ュー ニー さあ pea Ove ew ie asta ot oe oh ji
(82)
A fe + 4 ie 0
—" _
ee m
Om Rei Kee SRO Se
Note.—Benth. (1.c.) notes: Cultivated by the Chinese to mix with their tea. Hook. (I.c.) also notes: A very
strong scented species.
Artemisia Keiskeana, Miq., F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXIII, 444.
名 Sm 求 甘 由 Fl. Aug. 16. Faw BARA pC es ovata, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 306; F. et H., J. L. S. XXITL, 459; A. lancea, Thunb. l.c.
Bidens Re tals Willd.; DC. Prodr. V, 602; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, 518; Fr. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I, 233; F. et H, J. L. S. XXIII, 435; 25S (REO) IC einesmekin Fr. Aug. 18. EAT PNRAHHR BH FRX Gerbera Anandria, ‘Schulz-Bip.; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXIII, 472; Diels, Hi Be he won, (G50) men Vile Dero: Nr. 82, p. 110. Reine oie EK mest) FL. May 8. eine sm Ge Fl. Aug. 17. TINDER NBER VNB N ER itsetis) iinet (The name labeled to spring-form). Zag SRX (labeled to Autumn form). Hieracium umbellatum, L.; DC. Prodr. VII, 224; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXIII, 477; Diels, HE. B. J. XXIX, (Ab SOX NV Beir Nr. 82, p.- HE. eine soe OI. July 26. PTHhERX ARE BRK BRA Obs. —I saw a specimen (No. 7322) of this species from Hupeh sent by A. Henry. It is named 77. umbellatwm L. var. (no varietal name). The species is variable; DC. l.c. enumerates 11 forms. Inula britanica, lL. var. linearifolia, Regel; Fr. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. I, 401; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 429.
i= | | BARREN AS
雑 掌 物 植
ニー ip
= 第
i
=a &
WE
geo sbete se Fl. July 20. odtroth se gee Caprifoliaceae. (RAMEE) Adoxa Moschatellina, L., F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 347; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. ITT, 2. | RRS CO. May 12. SANRARD HBL BRA Rubiacez. Asperula Platygalium, Max., Mél. Biol. 267; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 395.
we Dipsacee. (aee) ? Scabiosa Fischeri, DC. Prodr. IV, 658; Ledeb. Fl. Ross, II, 456; Debeaux, Fl. Tients.; F. et H., J. L. S.
XXIII, 400.
Ods.—My specimen has no perfect leaves. Setae of the calyx are a little longer than the corona. The corona is only slightly shorter than the tube of the involucel. Composite. (SRF) Adenocaulon bicolor, Hook.; DC. Prodr. V. 207; F. et H., J. L. 8S. XXIII, 432; A. adheerescens, Max. Prim. Fl. Amur, 152; Fr.-et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 221. Artemisia annua, L., I’. et H., J. L. 8S. XXIII, 441; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 187; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. III, ; Diels, H. B. J. XXXVI, Beib. Nr. 82, p. 105.
Py アバ / r T¢ Ilower-bud, Aug. 19.
へ N ar “Ss こっ SRY (R=
(80)
Te Aro A eT 2 oe
ON Shit ek okie SR Me
wines Fl. Sept. 7. ROK ARN SW BRE
Vicia unijuga, Al. Br; Max. Mél. Biol. IX. 65; F. et H.; J, L. BS。 XXII, 186; Miyabe in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, (1895), p. 368; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. II, 618. Obs.—In my specimen the peduncles are the shortest or none. It is probably var. apoda, Max. l.c. Rosaceze. (HERS RR ) Sorbaria sorbifolia, A. Rr.; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. Il, 463; Diels, EH. B. J. XXIX, 384; Svireea sorbifolia, ie eiaectiine ielbye oe NOL 2217, weine Soi ws, AL, Aug. 13. Ker e RPS FE SRM Potentilla chinensis, Ser.; DC. Prodr. II. 581; Matsum. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, (1895) p. 92; Komarov, Fl. Mansh, eee ile jaar Jmy 24. RANA TH ESR SRE CREP mee TCH ROA ANN] Atm BAKA) SaX1fragace8B, ( 3 bor St FE) Parnassia palustris, 1; F. et H., J. L. 8. XXVIH, 272; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. I, 426. | ss NK RAD Onagracee. ( Bee ee) Circaea mollis, Sieb et Zucc. Fam. Jap. Nat. no. 93; Asch. et Muen., Bot. Zeit. (1870) p. 784.
=>
Umbellifere. (BRK) Bupleurum faleatum, L.; F. et H., J. L. 8 XXIII, 327; Diels, HB. J. XXIX, 493.
=
& ME AB Wy Fil
iw
+H n= Bs
I]
9)
Hypericum Ascyron,
1 =
re >
Hypericacee,
ーー
(SESS)
L.; Led. Fl. Ross. I, 446. (Confr. Bot. May. Tokyo, (1906), p. 108).
Malvaces.
Hibiscus Trionum,
Cav., Led. FI.
iy bet H.-J. Lip XX, 88; Miyabe; Bot. Mag. Tokyo
Ross.
I,
438.
HRKSRSE (SESS)
Geraniacese.
IRWK SIP
Obs.—My specimen is not a good one. Le. 601: (eum 7。).
Impatiens Ge ses
Sik
—
? Geranium dauricum,
ile: Led,
THUS Leguminose. sp ness 6C). June 16.
Fl. Ross. I, 481; F. I]. June 18.
(SAGE)
eine sorehed> FI. Aug. 14. *NYNAD
(SSR EC) DC. Prodr. I, 642 (sub davuricum); Led. Fl. Ross. I, 468; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. II, 647. Fl, Aug. 16.
Obs.—The species seems to be near to A. dauricus, DC,
Vicia psendo-Orobus,
Fisch. et Mey.; F. et H., J.
Tih. XK LE
LS
—-_W HRD
ar N
り :
Mr
It is hard to distinguish from an allied sp. G.
eh Ea R XIE +101
Komaroy,
, (1895) p. 365; H. ternatus.,
Wee RAS (ee
SRY
KomaroY,
Kl.
AN RRS
Mansh.
soboliferum, Kom.
Fl. Mansh. I, 740,
ERY
LI,
(ES)
O13
FFP い
(78)
— ーーー+
4
J ge
GREY Rerale) YOO 1) am res SS) Fl, May 12. H AN th ie Xow \ : ) B)4m 9g (WRB ETE ANI dose S 4 SIRENS? 1 RONEN OR 3)
Ols.—Two petals placed side by side with the spurred one are barbed on the inside towards the base.
Polygaleee. (190 EE )
SR KES SRM RE
Polygala Tatarinowil, Rel. Pl. Radd, [, 278, tab. VIL, f. 10-11, F, et EJ. L. Sy ML, 625 FF. Lrophylia,
Ham.; Komaroyv, Fl. Mansh. II, 674. SSm ihe idee WI. Nov. 26. VRQ KE BOS Sin Caryophyllaceae (KAS eE)
Cerastium alpinum, L., ?. Fischerianum, Reg. Pl. Radd. 433; C. Fischerianum, Ser., Komarov, Fl. Mansh.
II, 184. emeonunsaed Fl. May 27. Rot RAW DA HRS BRE ? Gypsophila perfoliata, Li: ‘lied: Fl ‘Ross. 1 294; Rel Pl. Radd. 294; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. II, 206. Se aTrehseee OF. Aug. Lo. < と 人 An RERW RRA 055. 一 Ledeb. ]. c. gives 4 var. My plant is probably var. latifolia.
Silene macrostyla, Maxim.; Prim. Fl. Amur. 54; Komarov, F). Mansh. II, 193 ; S. foltosa, Max. var. Bs macrostyia, Rohrb. in Linnea XXXVI, 683; Williams in J ee, XX ATL P42,
ReiesmukM- Fl. Sept. 24. | HNP MK Ree BRA Silene ae Patr. Led. Fl. Alt. Il, 150; Fl. Ross. I, 308: Komarov, Fl. Mansh. H, 195.
ein amis =F. June 10. a SRT
us ME Sy AL
iw
A AS
The A =
—_— ーー ーーー
fit
id
2 Ranunculus ternatus, Thunb.; L. Zuccarinit, Mig., F. et H., J. L. S. XXITT, 16; Diels, H. B. J. X XTX. 334,
Reine smuNI EA (No. 46). Fl. May 13. YervRp HE SRY Trollius Ledebourni, Rchb.: Rel. Pl. Radd. I, 57; Huth, Bull. H. Boiss. (1897) 1084; Komarov, Fl. Mansh.
DH
Berberidacez. (SER ) Jeffersonia dubia (Max.), Benth. et Hook. f.; F. et H, J. L. 8S. XXII, 33; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. I, 322; J, Manchuriensis, Hance, Journ. Bot. (1880), 258; Plagiorhegma dubium, Max. Prim. Fl. Amur. 34, tab. 2. seins eam 6d]. May 8. KS BRYN Papaveracez. (BEER ) Chelidonium majus, L.; F. et H., J. L. S XXII, 35; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. IH, 33
tein’ Sonte eR T G =L. May 28. ANAND GH BAX (OEK) Discentra spectabilis, (DO.), Mig.; F. et H., J. L. S. XXIII, 35; Komarov, Fl. Mansh., IT, 342. paint er sire SIE? FI, June 2. SbXLAD POL SAX (TRE
Note.-—We are told that this plant is commonly cultivated in North China, Hylomecon japonica (Thunb.), Prantl; Diels, E. B. J. XXIX, 353; H. vernalis, Max.; Komarov, FI.
II, 230 | oe Na aN CRD | Mansh. II.
unde abet PAE | imseeiee Fl. May 23. rr he AD AW BRE Violaceze. ( HIKES ) | Viola canina, L. var. acuminata, Rgl. Pl. Radd. I, 217, 244; F. et H., J. L. 8. べべ IIT, 52; 325649
)
(76
ia 明
月 四 年 十 四
He aly
AT
ONS SKE Soe 宗田 :
Anemone cernua, Thunb.; F. et H.,J.L.8. XXIII, 10; Pulsatilla cernua, Sprengel; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. IT, 272.
seinen V1, May 15 KeKNA SIG BEW RueRe (BRS)
Anemone Raddeana, al. Pl. Rald. I, 16 (with Pl.); F. et H., J. L. 8. XXIII, 12; Komarov, Fl. Mansh. le2O0:
Sse RHO (No. 43) Fl. May 10. PING Toho MHseitw BARA Anemone umbrosa, C. A. Mey.; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IT, 361; Max. Mél. Biol. IX, 606; Komarov, FI. Mansh. TI., 263. gee smitigs FI. May 27. Was Fhe
Obs.—The flower has 5 sepals, which are hairy. In A. nemorosa which is an allied sp. the sepals are 6
in number, and are smooth.
Caltha palustris, L., var. sibirica, Rgl. Pl. Radd. Bd. I, 53; Komarov. Fl. Mansh. II, 229.
eine mex Fl, May 25. eave in -SuRa0
Cimicifuga simplex, Wormsk. DC. Prodr, I, 64; Fr. et Sav. Ranum. Pl. Jap. I, 13 : Komarov, FI. Mansh. II, 241. Sika EL July 15. | ANAK A MD b
Clematis lasiandra, Max. Mel. Biol. IX, 586; Diels, HE. B. J. XXIX, 331. Reema EF], July 29. $a SARA
Clematis. sp. Bes Note—The Specimen consists of a single flower and a leaf, which are detached from each other. The seoments of the leaf are linear. The sepals, 6, oblong obtuse, with the inner surface smooth, the external
villose ; filament nearly twice as long as the anther, and slightly dilated.
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plant industry), Department of Agriculture, U. 8. .Nos, 1, 23: 5,-4, 6,10, 4% 14, 17, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26 295 30), “oan, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 43, 45, 48, 51, TALS Vs VI) 05, De, OD, 20s peere ete en 62, 64; 65, 67, 69,70, (A Oeste he, OL: 62.82, a7, 88, 89; (90 parts Hi ai Ty), 95, (L00-partssi ih ie Tov, Vig VMEIT)
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3ulletin of the University of 138, 141.
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N° Sp RRHBED (<) RHE (Monascus) (s.) M. purpureus Went. ( 5 )Qe6 BR ( Aspergillus ) Aspergillus Oryzae( Ahlbg. )Cohn.
2 Wentiz Wehmer. A, luchuensis Inui. A, Batatae Saito.
Wi} SK SBR ( Wonilia ) M. sitophila( Mont.) Sace.
(5 )l iN & KD 4 RR ( Dematium ) D. Chodati Nechitch.
(<<) RAR Bw YK BR Saccharomyces )
Saccharomyces Sake Yabe.
S. Vordermannit Went et P. Geerligs. S. Awamort Inui, (?) S. Batatae Saito.
Bacillus chologenes (Kruse.
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KARHAR
A. Batatae, Monascus purpureus, Rhizopus japonicus, LR. oligo- R. Vamari, Chlamydomucor Oryzae (?), Saccharomyces Sake, S. Awamort, S. Batatae. xX‘ « 2 2 EB se BEEN ad ‘ i R & Rhizopus sp. 上 4 oR Rhizopus chinensis, R. / アコ Bl’ tan
Aspergillus
sporus,
Tritict, R. oligosporus.
dubius,
Monilia
Mucor
Chlamydomucor
Wentit, javanicus, MM.
Rhizopus Oryzae, Oryzae, sitophila, Saccharomyces Vordermanni.
by RM VRS | 軽 Mucor M. Praini, R. Cambodja, Dematium Chodati.
さこ
Rouri?, Rhizopus tankine nsis,
WRB
S58 ORME ICES eet
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( 68)
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Mucor Rouxii Wehmer.
M. javanicus Wehmer. M. dubius Webmer. A. Pratnt Nechitch.
(= )~OO4n% OAR (Lhizopus) [hizopus japonicus Vuillemin. 7 tonkinensts Vuillemin.
IR Oryzae Went et P. Geerligs. ie Cambodja( Chraaszez ) Vuillemin.
6 chinensis Saito.
Tritict Saito.
lite oligosporus Saito.
Tamari Saito.
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Chiamydomucor Oryzae Went et P. Geerligs.
sp. Torii.
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(64)
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— — ——
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Sepa tk — Wee. Ree mx Rhizopus Oryzae W. et. P., Chlamydomucor Oryzae W. et., P:, Mucor javanicus Wehmer, Mucor dubsus Wehmer Skm ¥ In 2 inte Roe te yee ye NEB yy ma Lhizopus Tritica Saito, Zh. chinensis Saito \ Ee em yin &
ERS RATES ES PN 4 EI es AERIX< NBS | BORE X A mod HN BR I mA KANE Rhczopus oligosporus Saito px’ Lh. chinensis Saito «| |indi K
mee ities ORM Korey \ ASR om 3 TRULS «SDs pS
SEAM te PER \ BEER om % EBRD Dor へ や へ (< Mucor Praini Nechitch & REO AA xt へ < Mucor Cambodja Chrzas. KA+1IKN
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RAN =RMRYAH— bP RNR ain Mucor Rouxii Wehmer 8m in &
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(11) ) He ee SRE a ( Aspergillus luchuensis Inui)
手 軸 4
RPS DSH 1 A BER ON NR > {rth | GREER 1 SRSA BEEK PREM 4 BER > rn MERE & BIR HIST 7 \ BON IK AEBS AK fh G2 A HES RESEND
(BI) <ok Hs St (Aspergillus Batatae Saito) 性 bet 4 tejdtens amy S | BREBLK mR Ire Ra EN ne
mig + » A BIS NR A RH) NERS m Beso x He Hem Meg + A ES 6 KER \ | Bso2 Ain Roe + SR Nm mA Nw BA - wARAE YK AON 4 SRR 6 NTS SO N RR A = B+ BMI RN. | Eee ARRAN SER mA RN <K^ Hees 6 BES) m OO REBT BHAT \ BON IS AREA RM 6 oe REN I RAK OA SHES {SRE ie SINS A Bn XA BRAS A GER ON a RAN hm Bh SRR ARSE OO NERA N SP cNZAKRR— BY Te KN BP TRXR— YT Re > ペー CRY IN—D | \ HEB MRK AP ANKA hen eA NYE SCHR RGR (SO NT VRE \ EE NOR WES RE A A SeHOr N OH e N BEBE oN he or HH Se ES NN ANN REY S RRR RSM DI RAS SNE Ba Sie sh Ra 6 BM ARS PA TRAP RAI SH SS Bie + bese ORE ED th SIRE 4 AS \ SEH A + RSE AR Raed mania mn Sex were mics a sittin BR) A) A mm FREER KA SER NX
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20.
5 Okamurae, Broth ? Mnium japonicum, Lind. (LREHAKA HS) microphyllum, Doz et Molk.
(N&R KNHA TS) Myuroclada concinna, Wils. Plagiothecium neckereideum, Sch. ン nemorale, (Mitt) Broth.
Pogonatum rhopalophorum, Besch. ( y 4X *h &) Polytrichum formosum, Hedw. («K€ XN & HS)
ip spinulosum, (Mitt) Broth. (4 ‘x h} S&S) Pterygophyllum nipponense, Besch.
22
ericoides, B. 8.
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Racomitrium canescens, Brid. var.
Stereodon plumaeformis, Mitt. (KEAN HHS) Trachycystis microphylla, D. U.
Thamnium Sandei, Besch. Thuidium japonicum, Doz. et Molk.
Venturiera japonica, Broth (Hs V\ 4 wh)
Weisia viridula, Hedw. ile 1% qo Anthoceros communis, Steph, (A \‘h &)
Mitt.
Conocephalus conicus (L.) Dum.
Colobrium rotundifolium, (AF HS) Conocephalus supradecompositus, St.
Frullaniu appendiculata, St.
Deis, moniliata, St. 7. Jubura japonica, St. Boiss. 8. Leiocyphus tayroli, St.
9
. Lepidozia vitrea, St.
10. Marchantia polymorpha, L. (% 4 ‘h &S) 11. Mastigobrium albicans, St. 12。 Makinoa crispata, Miyake. (t rhs)
13. Metzgeria furcata, Nees. 14. Pellia epiphylla, Dum. (wr y hS) 15. Plagiochila japonica, 8. Lac.
16. Radulla complanata, Dum ?
17. Reboulia hemisphaerica, Radd ;
18. Ricciella fluitans, (L.) (Na Hh S)
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(Xf hS)
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Diphyscium fulvifolium, Mitt. Entodon attenuatus. Mitt. Kurhynchium Savatieri, Sch. Fissidens cristatus, Wils.
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is Wilson, Mitt. Grimmia apocarpa, Hedw.
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Trigonotis BR RY AT Yr P\KRaR U.S St+ | RAN S24 RANK RUM (Maxim.) Makino. HSER Aya RHR RL ERO 1 OOM wn+ BR
A (に -*
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49.4646 yu (Trigonotis Guilielmi Maxim.) mBXBB AX
いい ォ
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| Sms aA co AR mA NIN | \ HN BN
L\ OR ROR IN
で TS や IN =
|
Trigonotis Icumee |
+ Shed oh NRE NN ED
ee? |
(18)
(ee 2 A eee 四 冶 月
NH Ne AE 4
285 ORBIERS KD — bh - ENE
ES Ey N AR A REMAN XK” Thiotric NRW RE Sn Se my d® MY & A WAY A Hae Em BK RS we NB ROIN )/° He Sey. eee ee (Ree | TR A NERY ACR RSE RS A PRE ANTR RUN year gy aN ale SchwebekGrper oder Airosomen NN や mo
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<2
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| HrMC EGR CR ARH Bile 1 Bhi A | eMC RE MI RAR ARE TES BUR) SBR A HR ERR Et AR RE | HBX A > INR aR HRM A & A RR Bee 6 A HAAR AAR DN BIND — RY Ares 4 HEE MBA YS | ERIE I NE DD CER BRR 1 ERMA EAT NT A PINE WRN SEY & | te insa+ | & i RN
Funaria hygrometrica 3) {NX A RAAB y KA np SSE A +16 244 BKK N= BS PRE VB + dO PER mY Ay MA trae 4 I ED in MAER SE + SRSS SE NER NA NIE Y BALE INK HOY OND Dips alee RBS S HABE MN OWN AER AN 4 EH NS amt a aia << ENN AGRIC NS SEAN AER 4 RROD or EE ND = “PEER VM ma NES RS NER BD | \RRN RCNA WN +REN EA
ーー で
(K. Saito.)
Opa») RT SEINSE Wie x 2 He) くさ か っ こい へ 1 SEH
H. Molisch: Zwei neue
( Botan.
RW
Purpurbakterien mnit
Ztg. 1906, Heft XII.)
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suspensd NOV. gen. Gt spec.
I Ate NN QO ~wOX’y | LAM oat < で
へ IN へ トコ ( Purpurbak- RHE EON 4
Rete Pope NAS
ane
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RAR OP — =) > SET ROS mI =H K DIK
ee ee ee ey ee ae ee ーー" の
=A N11) eee)
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か ¥ AN IN 2 — XK er ーー いい へ Thiothece gelatinosa iE 1 on ae NIE IN BY EX AP\RINA? ~ 3:35 i}
aS DEN
MeO w AWN ( eH HEBER ISA’ Sn RS ‘| , SHE y RAQ\ KW 1 Wo AREA ANE ic x * Ws BEEN SEWN TER PN A KREMER ABAMAKEK IK’ で CHECK ASm PRN’? 細口 Sgn BX x 7. SNY
A S348 1 BARS SNS
IN KYRNPA UA BeBRBBRs KH SS NSS RR (Cloiotricha, Aphanizomenon) $s RNR NSS ARERR AP N=zE] UAW, RE
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ーー ーー ーー ヘー ニー ニー ニニ ーーーー ーー
⑨ 容 湯
=
OR SHAN YN HRT ROM ERX 5 MER \ BREREE RS ABN RS Blakeslee, A. F., Differentiation of Sex in Thallus gametophyte and sporophyte( Reprint from Bot. Gazette,
Vol. XLII, 1906, No. 3. p. 161.)
| AOE 4 DAS ENE AR ROA KHER | SiR K AR ON ARR ES eR
DAD NEM VERN SE? Le \- BoE nee 4 RRS SER NES AN
HONG 5 SVUAQUREEEE » A SNES’ Yee \ BE RH RESID RN AN + EXONS ER BRK A WN SIN AiR NPE NA KS AR ARR NEE N HE N Ay SSR AK ain 4 Homophytic su Heterophytic
m® BE tt Edn ER yy RK sik < Homothallic p¥’% Heterothallic BB ot fat oh ay \ ERS RS Sh BE EE MINTRBE HDRES HA RRRES VE ey 5
| (| ) Homophytic sX% Homothallic yy > SIM |» So Bs A HAN 1 4 Sporodinia (544%),
| Physcomitrium (éi{o8%), Polypodium (438%) ト *
| ticle) Homophytic pX’u Heterothallic | \ ,\frPet Sis
Ree miex AWA Ww 4 Phycomyces (+2 S38), Marchantia (32408R) KAR S BEES yO neo MPRA WA < Selaginella (41496), Lilium (wie) ners
Cie Heterophytic XS Heterothalhc iA , SMR’ SIS y BSE A ww Ny < Mucor Mucedo (4 4438), Populus (ESR) ヽ 人 居間 に へ
R\ VA RAMND SOS Rms A Phycomyces ‘1 Mucor Mucedo ~\]}|{#w estRY - | HARA REX K er BN e SBR 1 Kon NB mn SB a + 1K N
AU ( RNR SNES | RN AN ARN KR SN ESR +E NK PINES A PN RARLAB EOD る SR Marchantia ~\ eXdnhh aie \ 3S Em AL SAE \ "BH 4 EXCOMD ER KNEE Km Be PSM ER OR Ain 4 BON 4 KNEE YA PNR AO AIK ARS BS \ PES A + PEA A 5 SKN BESS NR dex 8 WN aT Fry NEE Sth HRS “| GH SOR AR Ro BRST ER Boge iH «A RRS mA RR SRBC SAH mE SNR yy KEE AR ARE ¢ BK \ RSX SES oh Doh SHAS SAE ay A BR RRT NX fe ERR NBR oy ト ふ < BOAR 4 SHH SKS He at KR IN BEE KA HSIN NRK BES A BS IN NAA
Sporodinia,
| Heib., Daphnia Mitsukuri Ishik.?, Diaptomus sp. 4 7m Xd WSN 47% Fragillaria crotenensis Kitton 5 +x #° iS
oe sm ME 早 fifi
(15)
‘SEGRR+ ROR LKB SRM ES
HOR NARS Bary 6 OBR BO | RR N RR Rr & A BB AR Nr Ron * BE, SR ym NK? Give ae | * SRAE A BRIN AK WA KARR EDD AHEM BR XO 旨い NN A” HRM EE SAH eK A < Ceratium hirundinera var. piburgense Zederbauer, Asterionella eracilima Dm BDAR A ARSE ¢ PRESS ¢ RR dee” GS 6 LB da AR Ran RO SER HEAL md gallina aig ENE NIN SRM RIESE wr mFS SE Fa RIN ATEN 5” dela A BER at ND NEE NA EE A or BAe SEER 4 SRE Pianta aly SR 4A RIB HA | RP NO a KS RE § REE KT n A ms に BE SKA tn BK AR RDO RE 61 T-LAPRCIAINTE ORE \ ot Oe a BKB IER Ar Oh 5 ERE A SEER ON BROOKER A NR PNR EME MOM EINR ASP? BINA ROW? BANE ea wv SR?
S21 HE” RES RR NER 1 MER QAK\ RIM RH NA & AMIR MEH Ry Key MO KQRORH YS A yee PCD SRAM » MRT” PRE AT SH SR RL ASE NM RKO
OmREWER Ns ou NER RIN EX
(14)
en
OMREMESIRANAWVARENRK Bx
tra HSK WRK 1 GB ay GTR \ QAR ON GE A RRM BRK A テ n° Faz PIN SVM BRK A 4 ee 7 AAO EE th RE aro NN SR GRE mM OR A RRA A 4 DS PRES et N < ISIALAG y BIN O RURRIRSE RAN | IN QRMELK A fm Hoo He go RE 7 SA 67 BS 2 GSR ARK oN” SZSP RE ei A (Cn) 47 Dt oN” SAM A 4% RS REESE 1 BR Y AO N\-4 SN SSR eh SSB ER ON TON ARRON 'N RRS RON eS RRM INAS A? HB YP RRER NRA HT \ REM BK K A BEER Re NO BERR ORE SA IRR A BRBE me K 94 RA dr yf EK ミス AG \ BRO lal me NN A ERY SEN | BE ORME SIRES OBS EE EN NED ON RIDER NS WHER AO RI FRESE A <AR 6 EE X OK E SES \ICRR By HS eM kK X =" Is FE TSR ASEAN FOS CRE SRS NT OR RINE HOA ERR NR RINK OR 3B SO HRSEE KARM A BIR NS) RORCEREE SEAR < SURE HSS 0 De OE | RES RE Nee RE SKE Ty A SEIN 'X “HEIS2 GER 4 BPO NSRP AA + Be RRR BR OD MER A + BRA KH AS “2 i SBS NICK MEX A RRES ERE RA A HN 4 EER 7 SK RRR Nh AO REA ORRIN AGNI 4 “OXRKSSHTY A AR AIA CER MN 4 ORHAN RA MANN AOR RB RK AMY ARES i) BAX A teh ROR Nm A ee 2 し KHPeIN A eC KINA RRA Rae Wry nA ro | \ RRR AK SJ Re 4 ERM RE) Dh SRR 7 Sn ARR 0 EEN Be RA RE PRE NRA BHR SE SEN: Ho RN ORSWR | BIR ATP ro AN AE NF DA SBN URN EB RNR AN REM RIK AL BRASS’ | Ra BAK ABE K+ MEY Am) % RBS Be BEE DESY SIREN NK AN IRIER m AK DEN
| SE Amma (7 mR 1X A AAS RS RBA Re (BORN LICK A RIK A wR
—— ter “Se:
(13)
RS} GE BS Sl mM oo
ee:
tk Rf itt RR 物
Ceratium hirundinera var.
piburgense ederbauer.
Asterionella gracillima TIaib.
Melosira distans Kiitz. Cymatosira belgica Grun? Fragillaria crotenensis Kitt- on? Cyclotella Kiitz.
Meneghiniana
Animal plankton—
Daphnia Mitsukuri Ishik.?
Diaptomus sp.
Anurea cochlearis tecta
var. { iorse.
Triathra longiseta hrbg
CO very
common, C=
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(12)
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S: ト |
| NK 7 TER SX ER 4 ES ean GS ER SHEE iy Seen do Bo 0 \ BRE RSs (Anomale Permeabilitiit) mg m
| wt m > HE Non BEER A mare へ (Jahrb. f. wiss. Botan. Bd. 41, S. 594. 44 42 4% “ Physiologische に io
| Untersuchungen tber die pteridophyten DPermatozolden ” <b y #83 x) RON 1 SHI SS) 4 Hhin) Sek SAO Se dh
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(9)
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ae 41 fay 、 い 1 - ‘ « t |
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SIDER SEM DMEM RE eK WO BN CR BS EBAY S Bee | ( Chemotactische Reizbarkeit ) hn BX > 7 Bx as = 4 ESI の WMN 4 SSH es \ DPD eA SEED m RX Ny A
Ow 0 SIN RI EER 2 1) SRR AKER ND
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GHA REE MANN XK AME ES ARE VERO NBR HA INERN ASDA RA AE ATION RS Ko PRP AERA
\ Bar RS mid NERY APN DN RRR NBA oe NER AWN oe mR AK Hee A BRE NEN K BX OD A YER AY NH EKO ( drier \ Ides) SE POMP A HE BH» AER (HEHE MM VY or RR VHRR UWA NA KN Seth ER | HEGS | REX ARERR IQ ONAN TR OKA AR SRS A RRS Ne OS NER \BRRSH \ Ike (Umstimmung) nRK WARK AK RAS oy 0 HERE \ Huss tds ON ob SP A RIN ARMM RM WS SRS Ne OY mM ERY AO RHR oS CWA) ME (8 「w A) BBM BN) | HHA 1 eee (-|8 a[q 「 WAS ) eee 」 4
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ME Ft Oy fifi
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| By r+’ SS] wv sey A F238 1 RN WR i RA RRS NICHE MRK RN aK? & \ Ska
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aes a V4 ia BB
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PST SR NPE ARS RN CRO Rf Br NN BR EA Bae RINK MBS AH | RABIN EES 3% IRWIN ERA AA NR AS | | RES NB RE EON MINO2mNn~ Seem | SERN TORIES BN CERAM S CRO) RT REA SBR SED REKELIORY WORD NA RARE THREW TAN NR eR TRH Ns 4 RN RES a ek eS Boe oe eK Bhar nh RRS CRA | EE NER RAD RON EE EE RDN RRR (Re MER me SO HA RAR A FERRO AAD EC REED AANA (Fig. IX.) RAS ER DE RAE RA GK ARR RNIN TE Re Rm AK 1 Bae RAH SRO U. Miyabei \ poy egee\ eee AEE A
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OBVH NRA AINMNCEBRV EH RK hy
(4)
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OBR URS MINTER NH NEP
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| RRWIEK RV ES NS RNS BA mA Rw ROD 4 Ee CPN ee KR AE 四国 キバ
U. flexuosa = U. geniculata =’ U. Miyabei NTE R A NRA
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U. geniculata 4 SER on (4B IY &\ ABS Morus rubra mK YA yD WK fED 4 Morus BN PARA mn EER IND REET CR A EER SK AY KR AEE U. geniculata Wh 4 WN RE aI SIRE 1 SNe PN = ee ED oN a oN SS 4 BE OKA A Ose m ARES) Beh a 9 REN SW NK ARP ESKA IKE Ce fj Pera (Fig. VOL) By AMWART KOO) Rie > WANA BEE ABM REE RTM AK ASR INK | SERS A ATER REP ARI Oy TRS A) RE 1 NERS w | BE KEN NS RINK ORS A AER om RH A OCR ARIE THX AWA HONEA CIRO) HN Ba RBIS AK APN KIN AK |
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reas Bl ae |e
Fa
iy | < ・ Salicis 90—175 100—150, 8 145 DI — SOX: 30 = 404-6 20 — 26 x 10— 15/7 = Beh y
1. Mivabei 70—120) 11—48 | ee 7 40~565¢30 Nd Me 屈曲 モル モノ アリ |
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.a. var. Tnlasnei156 — 268) 5 18 _20164—98 x 40—50) 8 126~30x14—17'
| 3) |
1. prunastri 80—146} 12—60 | 7—18/42—58 x 24—30/5—7| 16—20x 8 — 10s BeSy 9 de > 1Su アリ | | | 1
. elandestina | 85—115) 9 一 525 4 140—45x32—40) 2 0 一 34x15 一 18 先 正太 | |
|
. necator 70 一 128| 7—32 | 4—6 (20 — 60 X 30 — 40/4 —7]18 — 25 x 10 — 12 es = = RHR Wis | ee |
Ht. FRM BB Uli = +S HOO
SHU. circinata 160-225 ZH | 9-2668—86x29—40 8 |18—22x 10-14 RE RMR TE ここ | j | | | が
| | | | | . parvola 86— 122] 50 一 160| 5—8 50 —64 x 34—388 4720-24 x 10— 12/68 4m 7 3—4u アリ
1
| |
". macrospora 95-165, 50 一 130| 8 一 1451 一 65x29 一 835| 2 | 30x15 一 18 veh ELL AA Y YEH | |
「.。Hlexuosa 85 — 156) 14—60 | 4—11/50—58 x 30—38| S 18—22x10 [ez = 司 曲 アリ
LU
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