ti vg : 4 mt ‘a ‘ v ; < wee T Jgojerd >. ‘ . . . : 4 } © ae . Won whe “ ‘ . 1S Kt . : ot . ¥ : ‘ 5 ‘ * s : ‘ elk Tt ‘ e F . - os ro! : bit’ « \ em eS Tie h <—-™ woe . : m ‘ . . ‘ - . a , ' \ : wy + wes sin PET | +s eos * . . . ’ , ‘ ‘ . ~ E as > \: "9 “ ; : chron ' ‘ ; : 8 Se . : : . é . e ‘ 4 . : hw pee ete . ~ : “ - ‘ i wR ¥ N uy y i ‘ ; ‘ . ‘ . ‘ oe “ mt bo cia Lett Ei Sey "S ae 7 ae ; “ . ? : ‘ . = ‘ Pay ‘ wg ue ‘ ' ng . . E é ‘ . ; n i ue. t *- . . ‘ ‘ . . oe a Bre . ’ ‘ FR 4 wo wet " ‘ ‘aby . ; k é x tO ‘ ° ’ i . : ; ; 3 . . , ‘ ‘ oa aa: =a : : 3 " . ; . ° rie ae eit ; ‘ , . : = @ = ’ : mon : Peet Gel é . . . oY : : ae : - . . . : y ; < 4 ‘ 7 aes ' \ ' . SALA AS / . e xe! ’ . ‘ ? , Wnty i Sargeant ‘ b * : : es ‘ e “ . * we ok ’ 4 ‘ a ’ oe ‘ : . , P >to i A D ene ; Waray ae ree oe het PRCT hes . : e . ‘ ’ Rae Foe . i oS e ied Os ‘ WI p “igs SRNR Nene . + : . “ i es ue pont xt : s * x ‘ ‘ X S Seat a mare 7 ’ © it ~ rf nan Por ee a . v ‘ y . sae ‘ : . > iad : . evs t “ : t Tras ‘ c . . , / ‘ ‘ ey Ponte tp re * . Pee eb > E ‘ ’ ‘ R es eS ‘ Oy a ' . ion ret > ane i 5 : ' . , ‘ ag . : ‘ ~ rd, . os a ‘ ‘ ze ° so ¢ * ’ es 2 , c vee’ = " A n x oy ow : . ee eT . : : ' : : . Hens Ba he j : ; . : i . Pa ae ’ : ; = . ’ hue * . “ , suet - of . ar k Me : ¢ ek eee a , ‘ . ‘ < ) oa a = : : ~ y * » sy * . ‘ ‘ > . - ; *-; y rant ‘ > ’ en. > 3 ; ° « ONG ta" D-g ; é : rs ‘ . . ‘ Cte ry ‘ yeh - ~ s e : \ : , v . 3 . : . ~ . ‘ “ ’ ; aie’ . t ' : vs es ; ° F] . he ne oe : ¢ . - p ‘ ‘ *\ i vit * ’ < ‘ ‘ eens x , . 5 eenst Te Oo hi? aH . eeatthe er by Uy < ‘ ele . beh, é . ‘ * ’ , we ‘ § 6 ee rs * ce ‘ . : . . UN wall ¥ : i a , en See * ‘ * ent : ‘ > Reavy > . ‘ : Ms . ee ar : é Bion Se ‘ ' . % CA ea - so . t 3 " ‘ ore : ° Bee . : 5 ’ Se nnian? ‘ i , ; . ‘ © < : \ t \ : FIS\91 DICKIE, G. The botanist's guide COZG1 aa ROA BOTANIC GARDEN EDINBURGH a2 Sk Coves$ vc. AL, 42993, 44 THE BOTANISTS GUIDE TO THE COUNTIES OF ABERDEEN, BANFF, AND KINCARDINE. BY G. DICKIE, A.M, M.D. &. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN. ABERDEEN : A BROWN & CO. EDINBURGH: JOHN MENZIES, anp A. & C. BLACK. LONDON: LONGMAN & CO. 1860. TO A. THOMSON, Esq. oF BANCHORY, IN TESTIMONY OF ENCOURAGEMENT GIVEN BY HIM TO THE STUDY OF NATURAL SCIENCE, AND AS A MARK OF ESTEEM, The following Bages ARE DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh http://archive.org/details/botanistsguidetoOOdick CONTENTS. Page. PRE WAGE io) tare asters cheer Bich oeay he eel syaeers ne ete UaPeeetele sualler vii INTRODUCTORY REMARKS, ...... Ae SSE Vavaeaitae int aavee xiii DICOTVEEDONO US RIVANTS a secre sea icrers trees egies 1 MONOECOPYLEDONOUS PRDANTS)).. (ic ccjctecaie0 << e)es'e- ce 158 INTRODUCED PLANTS, ....... De paretaeie oh ake cu sete oN 216 FERNS AND ADLLIBS,.......-....- Riacaiers EMRE Oe 226 IMOSSES 85, 25) cis ay terabisicaterers eit Ete eicbererelorescvaielonn oo sletebieieke 237 LIVERWORTS, ........ Bien e cee ROSE BOS we Seton seu oers 262 CUARACHAE ce oer se Bai akac sc cveolen torte RR eee 267 ST OEUENS 5 seis reiccvetete aloe te Mar suepshepshe ists en ctelelstsioreiete) sforsis 2.) 268 SHAS WiIREDS. © G5Cs0 GiGi 4 aie cisicicisigen.s co aienle cele Meas 281 MUSHROOMS. = eclesieiatisionrs wee isicratetesreleys Sse ayeneyeiere 319 ADDENDA S. zterechacis hae 2 RESO nlavajets sxatosclcss: sreyoienchaic 336 ALN ID Tee renege cots eine epee nerer clay rate tet beens iS Ran ie 337 PREFACE. Tue Botany of Aberdeenshire and neighbouring Coun. ties has at various periods occupied the attention of observers. More than 100 years ago, Dr. David Skene, a con- temporary and correspondent of Linnzeus, studied the Zoology and Botany of his native district ; his manu- script is still extant, and in possession of Mr. Thomson of Banchory. The genus Skenea of Malacologists stands on the records of science as a memorial of the merits of this accurate observer. Several important facts from the MSS. of Dr. Skene will be found in different parts of this work. The late Professor James Beattie, of Marischal College, was a contributor to Sir J. E. Smith’s work on the “ Flora of Britain.” The late Rev. Dr. Smith, of Chapel of Garioch, studied the plants of that part of the country. Lectures on Botany were delivered in Aberdeen, in 1817 and 1818, by the late Rev. A. B. Mackay. The late Professor Knight, of Marischal College, did essential service in diffusing a Vill PREFACE. taste for botanical pursuits; and, as a former pupil in his botanical class, I must bear testimony to his zeal in this department. Dr. Alexander Murray published in 1836 the first part of his “ Northern Flora,” in which it was his intention to embrace a complete ac- count of the indigenous plants in a range embraced by a boundary stretching from the Forfarshire coast on the east to that of Sutherland on the west ; consisting of that portion of the east and interior of Scotland which lies north of Montrose, in addition to the west- ern part of the County of Sutherland. The lamented death of Dr. Murray in 1837 put a stop to this work. My respected friend, the Rev. Mr. M‘Millan, more than 30 years ago studied the plants of Aberdeen, and conducted classes which were attended by amateurs and students of the medical school. Mr. Morren, about the same period, also gave instructions in this depart- ment. Mr. Cow, surgeon, now of Crimond, began about 1836, to print a “Flora of Aberdeen,” which, however, was never published, the sheets being left incomplete in the hands of the printer. The late Pro- fessor Graham, of Edinburgh, with his pupils, made frequent visits, chiefly to the interior of the country, a practice which has been continued by his successor, Dr. Balfour. Notes of species collected in these ex- cursions have appeared in the Edinburgh New Philo- sophical Journal, and in the Transactions of the Edin- PREFACE, 1x burgh Botanical Society. Mr. Watson, author of “Cybele Britannica,’ has also examined some of the higher parts of the country, and the results appear in that work ; the value of his inquiries is such as to re- quire no eulogy from me. The late Mr. Gardiner, of Dundee, published, in 1845, “ Rambles in Braemar,” containing notices of the rarer plants. In 1836, I published a “ Flora of Aberdeen,” embracing a range of about 12 miles south-west and north, and there- fore, comprehending part of the County of Kincardine. Subsequent to that date, facts were collected with the view of extending the work, and of comprehending the entire Flora, Phenogamic and Cryptogamic, of the three Counties of Kincardine, Aberdeen, and Banff. Removal to another part of the kingdom interrupted for a time my investigations. Portions of the ma- terials thus accumulated have appeared in various publications. The “ Aberdeen Flora’ of Mr. P. Mac- gillivray, published in 1853, contains additional species and localities not recorded in the work already alluded to. My friend, the late Professor Macgillivray, had accumulated notes on the Botany of the County of Aberdeen, which, after his decease, were embodied in the “ Natural History of Deeside,” published after his death, and privately distributed through the liberality of His Royal Highness Prince Albert. The following pages afford evidence that there are x PREFACE, not a few ardent cultivators of Botany who have care- fully and very successfully studied the plants of the three Counties to which this work refers. To them my cordial thanks are specially due for the liberality with which they supplied information. ‘The facts re- specting latitudinal range of the species in Britain are taken from my friend Mr. Watson’s “Cybele Britan- “nica;” the range in altitude is to be understood as that of the respective species, for the most part in the County of Aberdeen, and the facts here recorded are in most cases derived from my own observations ; where these were imperfect, I have quoted Mr. Watson’s measurements made on the Braemar mountains. Where a ? follows the range in altitude, it will be understood that I consider this as still uncertain and not fully ascertained. In a few instances, the altitudinal range has not been measured by any one ; but so many fixed points are known that I have felt no hesitation in stating such range—an example may suffice. Arenaria ¢rinervis, one of the rarest of our plants, occurs in Den of Gight, the elevation of which is certainly not above 200 feet, the only other station for it, known at present, is near the Linn of Dee, the height of which is 1190 feet more or less. The work would have been incomplete without a notice of the “Cryptogamic” plants. To Mr. Croall, PREFACE. Xi of Montrose, I am indebted for notes of Mosses and Hepaticae found in Braemar. The Rev. J. Yuill and Mr. Bell have contributed notes of Marine Algae from Peterhead ; and in this department of the subject I have also received aid from Miss Smith, who has suc- cessfully studied the species found on the coast of Kin- cardine. In some respects, however, this part of the work is not so perfect as could be desired, especially as regards the Fungi or Mushrooms, the species re- corded being those in my own collection solely, these plants being often neglected by Botanists, though pre- senting a very interesting field for study. I believe Aberdeenshire to be peculiarly rich in Fungi; and it is to be hoped that the present attempt may stimu- late, others to study them. The fullest account of the Lichens is that given in Professor Macgillivray’s “Natural History of Deeside ;” and though my own collection is tolerably complete, there are several re- corded in that work which have not been found by me, they are therefore quoted on the authority of my deceased friend. Doubtless more extended investiga- tions will add much to the materials brought together here, which may be regarded as “Collectanea” for a Flora of a district which presents an interesting field for the Botanist. Bees INTRODUCTION. A FEW remarks on the physical characters of the district may be necessary in the outset. The County of Aberdeen occupies a position between 56° 52’ and 57° 42’ north, and 1° 49’ to 3° 48’ west longitude ; its greatest length is at least 80 miles, stretching between Cain Hilar on the borders of Perth and Inverness, and the Buchan-ness near Peterhead. It presents an undulating coast line of more than fifty miles ; which, from Aberdeen to Peterhead has a north-east direction ; thence it runs almost due north to Cairnbulg Head, and then trends nearly due west to the borders of Banffshire. Fhe county embraces a surface of 1950 English square miles. A line from Peterculter, on the borders of Kincardine, +o Pennan, on the borders of Banff, divides it into two portions which present very different physical aspects ; the portion to the east of this line presents no elevation exceeding 900 feet, and no part is more than 20 miles distant from the German ocean. ‘To the west of the line indicated, there is a gradual rise of the surface toward the south-west. This becomes obvious if we trace the levels of the two principal rivers—the Dee and the Don. The former has an elevation of 1640 feet at a distance of 70 miles from its mouth; the Don, about 55 miles inland, is 1240 feet above the sea. The river Muick in a course of 10 miles only, from its source at Loch Muick to its junction with the Dee at Ballater, presents a difference of level amounting to more than 500 feet. These facts are singularly in contrast with observations made on the course of the river Ythan, which drains part of the more eastern district ; at 22 miles from the German ocean, it is only 124 feet above that sea. Some of the passes from XIV INTRODUCTION. one glen to another illustrate the same point; the highest level of the path on the east shoulder of Mount Battock, (28 miles west from Aberdeen,) is about 2000 feet ; while that on the west shoulder of Mount Keen, 10 miles more inland, attains an elevation of 2400 feet. Again, if we take a general view of the heights of the mountains in sections of 10 miles from east to west, we observe a regular increase in elevation till we reach a zone in which few of the numerous mountains are lower than two or three thousand feet, and many exceed four thousand, the extreme summit being that of Ben Macdui, viz. :—about 4300 feet ; and, therefore, in Britain, second only to Ben Nevis. The Ceunty of Kincardine lies between 56° 43’ and 57° 5’ north latitude, and 1° 47’ to 2° 30’ west longitude ; it is about 32 miles long from north to south, and 24 in breadth; 3 of the surface are estimated as arable, the remaining 4 being occupied by the eastern part of the Grampians, the highest of these in the county being Clochnaben, which attains an elevation of nearly 2000 feet. The County of Banff is bounded on the north by the Moray Frith, on the south and east by Aberdeenshire, and on the west by Morayshire. It is in 58° north latitude, and 2° 13’ to 3° 40’ west longitude. It presents an area of 647 square miles, and about 120,000 acres are under cultivation. The surface gradually rises toward the south-west or interior, the culminating point being Cairngorm, the height of which is about 4100 feet. The valuable list of altitudes published by Mr. Jamieson, renders any farther details unnecessary. * A brief summary of the climatology of the district may find an appropriate place here. Records of barometer, thermometer, and rain guage have been kept at Aberdeen, by the late Mr. G. Innes ; by the late Professor Gray, now continued by his son in conjunction with Mr. A. Cruickshank. I also, for some years, made similar * List of Altitudes in the Counties of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine, by Thomas F. Jamieson. A. Brown & Co., Aberdeen, 1859. INTRODUCTION. XV observations, which were communicated weekly to one of the local newspapers. Observations have also been made at Peterhead ; at Alford, by the late Rev. Dr. Farquharson ; and by Dr. Gairden, at Balfluig; at Huntly Lodge, by Mr. Acheson ; at Castle Newe, Strathdon, by Mr. Walker; and at Banchory House, by A. Thomson, Esq. At Castleton of Braemar, Mr. Pearce has been for more than two years noticing the results shown by thermometer, barometer, and rain guage, in that elevated locality, 1180 feet above the sea. The results are sufficiently interesting to encourage perseverance. The instruments are of the best quality; and have been provided by the liberality of H. R. Highness, Prince Albert. Mr. Pearce also registers the force of Ozone, a branch of inquiry which, it is to be hoped, will become more general. It is unnecessary here to give more than the general re- sults at a few stations :— ABERDEEN.—1823-1841 INCLUSIVE. Means of the Seasons. SPELL 5) chs ciel Marchyn April, Mair. a csisiciee 2 « 45°13 SSUDATAGST. ho. ope oan June, July, August,.....:...0...00°3L PALES oot wc speyecct= September, October, November, 47:92 Winter,.........December, January, February,. .37°93 Annual Mean Temperature, 1823 to 1841 inclusive, ... .47°07 DEc. Extremes of Annual Mean f Highest, 49°65 in 1828. Temperatures,........ (Lowest, 44:25 in 1838. Average number of days on which Snow or Rain fell in each Month, From 1830 to 1841 inclusive. No. of days on which No, of days on which Snow fell. Rain fell. PANU AI asetiacsiee to Aa OL oO rate a stars ehets 1-91 NO DEM APY a6 Geo sui en ices Ae 8) cuit ga: spstcie 7°25 Marchigs ae cesen wwe a 2 OW ig Celen sya estes 9°91 7214 Os Rar Awa patho ts diblaiBee ogiees is 10°16 IMaivisa se! ciercectese werets oes 1a} beat 10°66 UMBO os so Ssssis eelsece tas OnE Geen ata os 12°91 Methven Foss sted Sere ahc! ctetaters O08 ec iara ee 13291 BNO OMIN Eos rc sherse toiete ciate sO OM ci Aerials laters 12°91 NOPLeMMbOrs (4s cic eM OFOS (hia oles oie 14°41 Octobers ives i bee dy OOS: Wmiresie sos 2-94: Nowember, \ ose dv = sede OF | | cast | ¢.0 | 9891/68 | ES {| Le i: | seer | 82 | seer | ce | 0g |> ~ seqmerdos 66| °° | 26er| Zt | zest] 6r | 98-2 || st | °° | 998r | oe | 9G8T | 78 | 8-99 |°°°° °° 4sneny GP 2Cer | Ob | Leer | Ge (ee || “2 |-e-0 | $981: se + Gesr |- ze -|/erenca 3s Ane "* | €.0 | LP8L | 8-0 | 8P8L | FP | &-% == 120-0) SERN |; Ho | ESSE 19 + | Pel 2 2 sm oe | og pales | 9 | Bes) & |LBFe| of «| nee | 2 | oe | ge ee res? PE lotea| FS [BEES to Bp Bo lee BS ZEB Bs BES |fe5 Be | ee | oe (otel es |eacs|ced ii ee | ae | Se. | eee | Se | ete | wes PE | 5S | 82 |225E| 82 [shel BSE lie |_| 22 [siz | o8 | ge2 | ace g[ a] 7 | Feel * | Fes] “2 ee ea (‘pumor8 ovoge yoay G puv ‘opeys ‘HONVSD NIV uwodo UL) SUMLAWOWUAH], ONIUALSIONY -A1AG aman fo “qq ‘saQlog SA,L0YO LYS 07 WauapwmwH ‘MIWIVA\ ATANVXa Ty Mig “OULVS OY} WOL, PULTUT 4OOITP SOTIU CE puv ‘OAS, BOG GAG” JOOJ B9B—"098 GF “MILI g “Sop E “SOT ISOM "OOS SF “MUL TT “Sop LC “Yep YON ‘AMIHSNATGUAAVY ‘NOCHIVULLIS AMUN ALLISVO LV Lda SHUTIVL ( D9, METEOROLOGICAL TABLE, ror tum yrar 18 COMPILED FROM OBSERVATIONS TAKEN AT BRAEMAR SQ. 4) , ABERDEENSHIRE, BY T. PEARCE, I t above Sea Level, 1180 feet. Lat. 57° N. Lon. 3° 24° W. Heigh INTRODUCTION. INN MOSrEeMOMNnNmND) Bor , Soe | ABO MT Ess UNL OUE Yer) SO) ODI GNi rt Ga) SON) GN b= cS sr eae a VANMOMAAACHA, GSAS < & ; (es Wey WIM | DNOHHe RR HOM DDO : uosdtg joroganyy|) NANG BAM NnNANN moe: “ANOZO | ‘gy, 030 Qunomy Silat esperar Mer exile ie jaa (os Pos : DOr~reororrnrnoa! Roe : os GQ0TO | prog 4unomy | PVC NOANGTHE Oooh] 10AamS ORKROHOSDHOSSOLR] Odo ‘uorzetodeay Fo o1nt ps SS Rupa ee py tee bet ce ee Q ~vrodmay, ueeW paidopy US Se SS a SN Ss ee eS) oo é “diy JO dtl} OPAPP NOSOE- DONS Se N> 2 t . ; snauny won padory |" BESSSRRSs aes | Bay | GUISE GN GP Sh VO lOO | ONG ne (WMO eur toyasury OW SON SODRAGDHHHDO| ASD: OHO AA MIONH! aa ‘asuey se ie pte ad US rs GEG c om PWS ANDWOONDWA! *FOOH =: SOSA) BAMA OOANAA SH 68 6 5 PEOHDHANHTONDS!, ANH . vasuey Aled uve |OR MAMMDDDANGD! HHH: mA rr wee rere Q | epeys UIMINUUI | COMMANMDHHOOH| OOE . eI eee SOR MDOONDONLSHH| AAH : = “TRU 944 JO UBITY OD CO OD CD SH 1D 20 19 SH SH OD OD st SH = | = ; 5 = g ean ite Meo : & | Ze AUPAIOUPON | RSMO REAM! He 2a, a HOAMMMMNANSDDS, COD. Fee seat 5 - ‘ : | pelos Po PE ne eee | eS d | ge| qusmaye | Seu S OSes tere) SES ; 5 kre; Sea iin! el Or: = ge “tedsouPN HHH HSSS6OotaH) BEE MD | RH c = DADDIONAHMNOHNO ~ Or S | Se! og missus [COM DAH HOH DSOS|FHRSS BE 2-5| UM ULseUsIH | in SON Re eR OOH! ERED y HNMHORKNDRBOD, OD... i Ey *‘SUOTIBAIISGO ch one ROGNSNER cami: B | Be|AIPasouen | ROOnattHnaaal oa go -qIUOW NeDoOnAOOE- GOO Sete s as z lo ARADOaAR/*ERO : : Oo] ayy ur ysauoq te gee ee Se ica All 4 FANONOE AO TS os AMno BSc elon mre coreo Coteus colmemance, lubeageny cul: 37,| AUG SOUPN | Soe HOR OoHS| CO | £0 nO RE SHANNSOAHOWSS! OC. jas ae MADHOMSOHSOHDD| yn hod :: a ee eeneenena) | OCS So 8 Se FSS [ieee 2 _ | S=| ssaonvarasaqg ao oe cn ee a ue 3 S eeccias 4 2 | Fa) Aled oun |S Bae Sas Se a : oO = S| 22) -suoyeasasag Ses Soe epee 2 sie Be |e pated so wean || ns Cae nO ea | Sa ince poe ayes a. eee Se snes oe) "alls I 5 egal seals S19 2919 wD a2aegaepadctsrear ste O0OO@ [o6) SO SSS See o®. o soa 1 RR eS eR RSWOAA + Amonnt in the Year. * Highest and Lowest in the Year, xvii INTRODUCTION. In estimating the native plants of any district, it is neces- sary to separate those not truly indigenous; but, which have escaped from gardens or been otherwise introduced. There has been too often a desire to present a long array of species, instead of giving a fair estimate of those which may be con- sidered really wild. Here as elsewhere there are plants which certainly never formed part of the original Flora; such are placed by themselves, and will be found at pages 216 to 326 and Supplement. My own impression is, that the list might have been more numerous, since many of our common weeds were likely introduced ; but, having now become thoroughly established, even at a distance from cultivated places, it would be difficult to make such distinction. Another formidable obstacle is the difference of opimion among botanists respecting species and their varieties ; the standard adopted here, is the ‘‘ British Flora,” by Sir W. J. Hooker, and Professor Arnott. Excluding the species above alluded to, which are 91 in num- ber, other Phznogamic plants amount to 650, consisting of 463 Dicotyledones, and 187 Monocotyledones ; these are dis- tributed among 53 natural orders of the former, and 11 of the latter. The British Dicotyledonous families not represented in our Flora are, Berberidacee, Prankeniacee, Tiliacece, Aceracec, Balsaminacee, Celastracee, Rhamnacee, Tamariscacee, Cucur- hbitacee, Loranthacee, Jasminacee, Orobunchacee, Amaranth- acee, Hleagnacee, Thymeleacee, Santalacee, and Asaracee; the Monocotyledonous orders not represented are, Amaryllidacec, Tamacee, Hydrocharidacee, and Restiacee. It may be worthy of remark, that these natural families contain but a small proportion of British species, and several of them have only one or two representatives in the United Kingdom. A mere list of species, genera and orders, cannot afford any very precise idea of the characteristics of our Flora ; some more definite method of comparison is necessary ; and such is presented to us in the highly laborious and philosophical ‘*Cybele Britannica,” of my friend, Mr. H. C. Watson. INTRODUCTION. xix Mr. Watson refers every native species to one or other of the following types :— * 1. BririsH.—Those more or less diffused through the length and breadth of our country ; such as hazel, alder, chick- weed, dandelion, &c. . ENGLIsH.—Species which prevail in England, especially the south; or, are rare northwards in Scotland. _ . GERMANIC.—Such as are mainly confined to the south-eastern counties of England, or become rare westward and northward. . ATLANTIC.—Native species found chiefly in the western and south-western parts. ScorrisH.—Most prevalent in Scotland, reaching only the northern counties of England, or becoming rarer south- wards. bo oo na bad 6. HigHianp.—“ Boreal in a more intense degree, as regards climate, than the Scottish.” Some are entirely alpine ; others descend to the sea level toward the north-west, north, and east. . Locat.—This type comprehends a very small number of Species, so very limited in the range, as not to come under any of the preceding, ~l Taking then as our standard of comparison, the first six floral types of Mr. Watson, we shall be able to attain a definite idea of the characteristic features of the Aberdeen- shire Flora. 1. BririsH.— Most of these constitute our common plants, almost everywhere diffused, and many of them familiar to all as ordinary weeds. Some of this type, however, though abundant in more southern parts of Britain, become scarce here and may be ranked among our rare species ; such are Ranunculus auricomus, Arabis hirsuta, Arenaria trinervis, Bidens cernua, Lycopus Europeus, Listera ovata, Malaxis paludosa, Alisma ranunculoides, &c. &e. * The names of these types are to be understood as indicating, respec- ting our native plants, the district or districts where they predominate. xx INTRODUCTION. 2. EneLisH.—Of this type comparatively few reach us, and some of them, though now extensively spread, very probably may have been introduced along with seeds of agricul- tural plants. 3. ScorrisH.—Plants of this division are well represented in this part of Scotland, being 58 in number, and, therefore, about five-sixths of the British species, so designated, occur here. Most of them are abundant, and several are species highly prized by southern collectors. A few examples may be mentioned, Rubus saxatilis, Trientalis Europea, Linnea borealis, Pyrola media, Pyrola minor, Goodyera repens, Listera cordata, &c. Three of them, Linnea, Trientalis, and Goodyera, may be specially noted as very widely distributed and abundant here. 4. GERMANIC.—There are only eight examples of this type in our list, and they are mostly rare or local plants ; the total number of such in the British Flora being esti- mated at more than 190. 5. ATLANTIC.—Sedum Anglicum and Scilla verna are the only re- presentatives ; the latter confined to the North-western part of our coast, on the borders of the Moray Frith. 6. HigHLAND.—The plants belonging to this division are esti- mated at about 100 species in the whole British Flora; of these eight-tenths are found in our list. Many of these are very local, and entirely confined to the higher districts. A few of them reach the coast, and are found almost at the sea level, viz., Sedum Rhodiola, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga hypnoides, and Polygonum vivi- parum. Some others appear at a lower altitude along the course of the Dee and Deveron, such have probably been transported by floods, viz., Oxyria reniformis, Epilobium alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, &c. Among the more interesting of this type, found in the interior and usually very local, may be mentioned Astralagus al- pinus, Mulgedium alpinum, Arbutus alpina, and various species of Saxifraga, Hieracium, Salix, Juncus, Carex, and Poa. We can now form some idea respecting the characteristic features of the Flora. The plants belonging to the English, Germanic, and Atlantic types, constitute but a very insigni- INTRODUCTION. XXi ficant part of our native vegetation. In addition to the more common species, constituting the British type, there is a general intermixture of Scottish forms, and in particular localities the Highland type predominates. In order to complete the review, it will be necessary to examine briefly the distribution of species in zones of altitude ; for just as those of the English and Germanic types, and some ~ of those belonging to the British, become rare, and finally dis- appear towards the north, so certain species are lost as we pass to the interior, and rise in elevation above the level of the sea, the Flora becoming finally entirely Arctic in its character. The three Counties, owing to the physical peculiarities al- ready pointed out, present an excellent field for studying the altitudinal distribution of plants. Adopting as our standard the characteristics of the Agra- rian region, or region of cultivation in Britain, as given by Mr. Watson, we find that, since certain species of indigenous plants, whose presence marks the Infer-agrarian and Mid- agrarian zones, are absent from this district, and, I believe, from Scotland, the Super-agrarian is the only one of the three which can apply to this part of Britain. The upper limit of Pteris aquilina (the common Brake Fern), is considered as marking the upper limit of the Super- agrarian zone, and, therefore, also that of cultivation in Britain. The limit of this Fern varies here from 1600 to 1960 feet ; very rarely, however, does it attain the latter. Tn several localities, on the bare stony sides of the hills, [ have found the lmit to be 1600 to 1700 feet. It may be worthy of notice, that even in places distant from any culti- vation, the common Mole makes its tunnels at these altitudes. On Morven, this animal occurs at 1723 feet; near Ballater, at Brakely, it reaches 1642; at the Pulock moss, 1735; and on the Khoil, 1800 feet. At various places, even more than forty miles from the sea-board, cultivation at high altitudes is frequent. The heights of the following places where oats, turnips, &e. are XX INTRODUCTION. or have been grown, I have measured, with aid of the moun- tain Sympiesometer and Aneroid :—Near Ballater, the Line 1108, Corrybeg 1126, Lin Mui 1300, Easter Morven 1400 ; at Braemar, Castleton 1160, Tomintoul 1500 ; Gairnside, Glen Fenzie, 1500; Strathdon, Brasachiel 1383 feet ; in Corgarff, cultivation far exceeds 1280 feet, which is the height of the Don at that place. At the farm of Lin Mui above-mentioned, there are several old ash trees, the two largest of these in 1845 I found to be at the base respectively, five feet and four feet two inches in girth; at present (September, 1859), their girths are five feet six and four feet four inches. At Altgui- sach, a hunting seat belonging to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, near Loch Muick, about 1400 feet above the sea, and fifty miles inland, most of the ordinary culinary plants are grown, also the smaller fruits, as red, white, and black cur- rants, &e. Bay and Portugal laurels, standard roses, &c. also succeed. There are likewise thriving larches, the girths of four of the largest of which were recorded in 1843 (Dr. Dickie on the ‘‘ Forest and other Trees of Aberdeenshire”—Scottish Agricultural Journal.) In that year they had each respectively a circumference, near the ground, equal to four feet nine, four feet five, four feet, and three feet six inches. These trees are now reported (September, 1859), as equal to five feet seven, five feet six, five feet four, and five feet; they have, there- fore, grown more rapidly in proportion than the ash trees already alluded -to. A few records have been consulted with the view of ascer- taining the average periods necessary for the maturing of oats, at different elevations, and at various distances from the sea ; though not sufficiently numerous to afford satisfactory con- clusions, it may be interesting for the present to state them. At elevations not exceeding five hundred feet, and about twenty miles from the coast, the mean time is 172 days; at places exceeding one thousand feet, and from forty to fifty-five miles inland, the result is 179 days. In some of the inland and higher parts of this Super- agrarian zone, several plants of the Highland type constitute INTRODUCTION. XXU1 a prominent feature of the vegetation. Thus, behind the farm of Lin Mui, Cerastium alpinum and Asplenium viride, &c. are abundant ; and Polygonum viviparum, Arabis petrea, &c. are frequent, even at lower altitudes. The region above the limit of the Brake Fern is denomi- nated by Mr. Watson ‘‘ Arctic.” In Aberdeenshire, all the zones of this region are fully represented. The lowest or Infer-arctic extends from the upper limit of Pieris, already mentioned, to the upper limit of Hrica tetraliz (cross-leaved heath), at 2100 feet ; the next or Mid-arctic is comprehended between 2100 and 3000 feet, the latter constituting about the upper point attamed by Calluna vulgaris (common heath or Ling) ; the last or Super-arctic zone extends from the limit of Calluna to about 4400 feet on Ben Nevis, the highest point in Scotland, and in Aberdeenshire to 4300, the top of Ben Mac- dui. The Mid-arctic zone is peculiarly rich in the rare forms of the Highland type, for instance, Astragalus alpinus, Carex rupestris, Carex leporina, Carex Vahlii, Erigeron alpinus, &c. At the extreme part of the Super-arctic zone, the Highland forms alone occur. Thus, on the summit of Ben Macdui, only seven flowering plants are found (these grow beside the Cairn), viz., Silene acaulis, Saxifraga stellaris, Salix herbacea, belong- ing to the Dicotyledons ; Luzula spicata, Luzula arcuate, Carex rigida, and Festuca vivipara, belonging to the Mono- cotyledonous division ; the only other plant of any great size associated with these is a well-known Club-moss, Lycopodium Salago, which occurs also at Aberdeen near the sea level, all others are mosses and lichens. The following table, compiled from my own observations. will afford an idea of the total number of species, and the pre- vailing types at different altitudes ; the letters indicate the respective types, B. British; 8. Scottish ; H. Highland. BENNACHIE, SL QUSES HH arajscor-be speiasd sueieatesaweve’ ste. « Dicotyledons. 1700 feet. 4 9 jas B Epes esi scoe cies gedel chet opens cha Monocotyledons. B, 2 8, 2 H,.. Total, 13 Dicotyledons. He etre Meth sists Gh ous 8 Monocotyledons. Lownacu, 1836 feet. XXIV INTRODUCTION. KHOIL, 8 B, 28, 4 H,..Total 14 Dicotyledons. 2000 feet. 2 oak! Ol Lea ie » © Monocotyledons. Buck oF CABRACH, 1 5 B, 18, 2 H,.. ,, 8 Dicotyledons. 2264 feet. 3 AB OLED A tee >,» 4 Monovotyledons. Mount BATTock, 3 By 20, 18;..° ,:) 6) Dieotyledons. 2563 feet. PPB al ecw baa. Monocatyledons. Mount KEEN, 2B AME a.i1) bate Dicotyledons. 3125 feet. 1B Wee wesnn a. 2+ Monoconledons: LOCHNAGAR, \ Tlie Biased [Ss Maa 3, 4 Dicotyledons. 3800 feet. TESA cece iigl o RAE eaa eu wtf Monocotyledons 3, BEN-A-BUIRD, t QP eed Tele Beco wae) 0 Dicotyledons. 3900 feet. 1 Bio Hein -:-11) 5,405 Monecotyledons: Ley oie WR oTKoN Dist ony en Nema aL aia ae Aamatans A Te Ans 3 Dicotyledons. 4300 feet. A ETE eS re a wae Pag ey 4 Monocotyledons. “he few instances selected are the very summits of the respective mountains ; places where a complete list of species can be readily got. It will be obvious at a glance that there is a rapid decrease in the number of species belonging to the British type, the last to disappear being Calluna vulgaris; of the Scottish type, Hmpetrum nigrum ascends highest, viz. :— to 4100 feet. On the other hand, the Highland type increases steadily in numbers, till at last, species belonging to it con- stitute alone the scanty Flora. As Mr. Watson correctly remarks, ‘‘the Mid Arctic zone is, however, that in which there is the greatest development of Highland species, there all the rarer forms of that type are chiefly found.” The pro- portion of Monocotyledons to Dicotyledons at different altitudes is also worthy of notice. In the entire Flora of the County of Aberdeen, the proportion is 1 to 2-4; at 3125, 3800, and 3900 feet, they are equal; and at the highest point they are 13to 1. The Monocotyledons, therefore, increase in propor- tional numbers as we ascend. The Diagram given here, is in- tended to afford a general view of some of the facts discussed. In the text, letters K, A, and B, indicate Counties. PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE, &e. XxXV For the following excellent Summary, I am indebted to ALEXANDER CRUICKSHANK, A.M. PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE COUNTIES OF ABERDEEN, BANFF, AND KINCARDINE. oe RR A Ue ee ee THE Counties of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine form a continuous quadrilateral tract of land, in the north-east part of the middle third of Scotland, of about 2960 square miles —Ahberdeen occupying 1932, Banff 648, and Kincardine 380 square miles. This tract is bounded on the south by one of the main offshoots of the Grampians, and the North Esk, which separate it from Perthshire and Forfarshire; on the west by Inverness-shire, Elginshire, and the Spey; and on the north and east by ‘the German Ocean. Aberdeenshire occupies the middle of the tract, and has Banffshire on the north-west and Kincardineshire on the south-east. The tract is 87 miles long, from Scarsock mountain in the south-west to Rattray Head in the north-east ; and 65 miles broad, from the mouth of the North Esk in the south-east to the mouth of the Spey in the north-west. The length of coast line is 120 miles —60 in Aberdeenshire, 30 in Banffshire, and 30 in Kincar- dineshire. The tract is formed of nine large river basins, (North Esk, Bervie, Dee, Don, Ythan, Ugie, Deveron, Avon, and Fiddich), separated by mountain ranges, which include the highest mass of land in the British Isles. The loftiest mountains are con- fined to the south-west or most inland fifth of the tract, and have generally rounded massive and dome-shaped forms, with corries or semi-circular hollows near their summits and usually facing the north-east. The corries have perpendicular walls, sometimes upwards of 1000 feet high, and are formed of rude prismatic blocks of granite piled on each other. There is often a tarn or small mountain lake at the bottom of the corries, at the height of 1000 to upwards of 3000 feet above the sea level. XXV1 PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF From this high mountain tract, in the south-west portion of the three counties, many of the tops of which are 3000 to upwards of 4000 feet high, the country slopes towards the German Ocean in a north, north-east, and easterly direction, ending at the sea in low sandy tracts, or in cliffs 10 to 150 feet high, and at Gamrie reaching the height of 600 feet. The basis of the three counties is formed by two main mountain ranges, which arise from the splitting of the great Grampian range of mountains of central Scotland, in the south-west corner of Aberdeenshire. The one range runs east for 70 miles, separating Aberdeenshire from the counties of Perth and Forfar ; and after traversing the north part of Kin- cardineshire, it terminates in a bleak, high, and undulating tract and bold coast between Aberdeen and Stonehaven. The average height of this range is 1200 to 1500 feet. It contains 32 mountains varying in height from 1200 to 3800 feet, at which latter height it culminates in Lochnagar. The roads and footpaths across it vary from a height of 150 to about 2400 feet above the sea. The other main range runs north- east for 80 miles, separating Aberdeenshire from the counties of Inverness and Banff; while alittle of the north-west por- tions of Aberdeenshire lies on its west side, and énds in the bold coast of Gamrie. The south-west portion of this range comprises a knot of mountains of 60 or 70 square miles in ex- tent, the highest mass of land in the British Isles; and in- cludes 12 mountains 3000 to 4295 feet high, culminating at the latter height in Ben Macdui.~ The rest of this range is comparatively low, rising in the Foudland hills about 1500 feet and in the Auchmeddan range about 750 feet, and sinking in Kinnethmont to 569 feet and in Auchterless to 162 feet above the sea. These two main mountain ranges emit a variety of lateral ones of inferior height, which form the boundaries or water- sheds between the great river basins of the three counties. The North Esk and Bervie rise in the middle third of the south side of the east main branch of the Grampians, the North Esk being the longer and more westerly stream, and draining the south fourth of Kincardineshire and the north fourth of Forfarshire, while the Bervie drains the middle se- venth of Kincardineshire. The upper parts of these contig- uous basins are bounded by hills of which about a dozen are 1000 to 3180 feet high, culminating in Mount Keen at the latter height. The upper two-tifths of the basin of the North Esk consist of gneiss; the middle fifth is crossed by a band of mica-slate, succeeded on the east by a band of clay-slate ; and the lower three-fifths consist of old red sandstone and conglomerate. The upper fourth of the basin of the Bervie is ABERDEEN, BANFF, AND KINCARDINESHIRES. XXVi successively crossed by bands of gneiss, mica-slate, and clay- slate, the very sources being however in granite; and the lower three-fourths consist of old red sandstone and con- glomerate. The basins of the Dee, Don, Ythan, and Ugie, all lie in Aberdeenshire, on the east side of the second main mountain range running north-east from the south-west corner of that county to Gamrie, as previously described. The only excep- tion is, that about the north third of Kincardineshire is in- cluded within the basin of the Dee. The Dee rises in the Ben Macdui knot of mountains in the south-west of Aberdeenshire, at the height of 4060 feet above the sea level. Its basin is bounded on the south by the east main branch of the Grampians, and on the north by an off- shoot of the Ben Macdui knot running east for 60 miles through the hills of Morven, Cushnie, Fare, and Brimmond, to the north-west side of the city of Aberdeen, and including these four and other four hills varying in height from 900 to 2880 feet, culminating at the latter height in Morven. Some of the roads across this range rise upwards of 2000 feet above the sea. The Dee drains the south half of Aberdeenshire. The basin of the Dee.is pretty equally divided between alter- nating and irregular large tracts of granite and gneiss. The south side of the basin in Braemar contains a large tract of quartzite. The Don rises in the west of Aberdeenshire, on the bor- ders of the south-east end of Banffshire, at the height of 1740 feet above the sea. Its basin is bounded on the south by the north water-shed of the Dee, and on the north by a range about 70 miles long, first running north-east and forming part of the second main branch of the Grampians, which then emits a branch south-east ending in Scotston moor, north-west of Don-mouth. This range separates the basin of the Don from those of the Ythan and Upper Deveron, and rises in six hills from 800 to 2600 feet high. The middle of the basin of the Don is divided into the vales of Alford and the Garioch, by a prominent hill-ridge between Correan hill and Bennachie. The Don drains the middle fourth of Aberdeenshire. Its basin is formed of large irregular tracts of ‘granite and gneiss, the former, in the basin of its tributary the Ury, often passing into syenite. The sources of the Don are in mica-slate, and those of the Ury are in clay-slate, which is also to be seen in Auchindoir and Kildrummy, where it is bordered on the west by an isolated patch of old red sandstone. The Ythan and Ugie both rise in the comparatively low termination of the north-east main branch of the Grampians, which for about 30 miles between the Foudland hills and the XXVill PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF Gamrie coast does not exceed 746 feet above the sea (this being the height of the ridge south of Auchmeddan), and sinks as low as 162 feet in Auchterless. These two rivers drain about the north fifth of Aberdeenshire, the basin of the Ythan being twice the size of that of the Ugie. These basins chiefly consist of gneiss and granite. The upper third of the basin of the Ythan consists of clay-slate, and the sources of the Ugie are in the same rock. Mormond (an isolated hill in the north of Buchan, 743 feet, forming part of the north water-shed of the Ugie) consists of quartzite. The remaining three large basins of the three counties, viz. the Deveron, Avon, and Fiddich, occupy the west slopes of the north-east main branch of the Grampians above described, which runs between the Ben Macdui knot of mountains and Gamrie. The Deveron drains about one-half of Banffshire and the north-west seventh of Aberdeenshire, while the Avon and Fiddich drain about the south-west fourth of Banffshire into the Spey. The Deveron rises about the middle of the west side of Aberdeenshire, or about the middle of the west side of the north-east main branch of the Grampians. Its basin is bounded on the east by the north half of this branch, and on the west by an offshoot of this range, forming a very irregular line, running north and then east, and rising in about a dozer hills from 700 to 2568 feet, culminating at the latter height in Cor- ryhabbie, and rising in the Knock to 1416 feet. The lower third of the basin of the Deveron consists of clay-slate and ereywacke, with a little old red sandstone on the east. These are succeeded by tracts of syenite, mica-slate, quartzite, and clay-slate; while the sources of the river are in a tract of oneiss. The Avon rises on the north side of the Ben Macdui knot of mountains. Its basin is bounded on the west by a branch from the west end of this knot running almost due north from the north Cairngorm through Cromdale hill to the Spey; and on the east by a portion of the main north-east range of the Grampians, and an offshoot running north-west through Cor- ryhabbie and Ben Rinnes to the same river. The borders of the basin of the Avon consist of granite at the tcp, and mostly of quartzite along the sides ; while the tracts in the vicinity of the stream itself consist of gneiss, mica-slate, clay-slate, and old red sandstone. The Fiddich rises in Corryhabbie. Its basin is bounded on the south-west by the west part of the east water-shed of the Avon; and on the east by the south part of the west water-shed of the Deveron, ending in Ben Aigan. Its basin chiefly consists of mica-slate and quartzite. XX1X hief river may be arranged approximately nine ¢C s regarding the g Table . win ABERDEEN, BANFF, AND KINCARDINESHIRES. The more important point basins of the three counties in the follo i j GG 9 OF e¢ 1% V OL |*'* Aq pouresp soystred jo toquin yy 9¢ | S6L | OIF | OFT | 086) G6H | 006] HF 02g Aq poureap soprut oavnbs yo roqumnyy iat OF GG GS 0g | 09 18 OT OP |‘SSUIPULA AroyZ Aq SMOAII Jo Yy.SUOT P ) OL G 8 6 ral 9 OL |‘So[LUl UT SUIISVq JO YYpRoIG OSLIOAY 9 rite Ie a ae ie len Ooee te GH lens GT {Sopfur UE SUIBLG Jo TYPVo.LG 4soPLO.L) OL 06 9¢ 06 GZ oP cg SI oe | Se] LUL UL sUISeq JO Ty.dUO'] f BRS Ts OE Cate (0}) SO] TUL I g q I 6 d 9 0 & LOZ OF OF somvynqiuy jo roquinyy i |. |§ UY} poyooumoo ‘suo, soyrut T 8 vi Or st oT 96 9 ol LOZ 07 G ‘Sormeyngmy JO tequInyy ( TTA poyoounoo ATPoorrp ‘SuoL 8 Ka 09 G6 96 OL OL BI 0& “{ So[lUl G 0} T ‘SoLreyngI4y Fo coquiMn yy ‘UOT OTIU T OAOG SOTOURAG G6 G9 L6 96 82 88 G16 | Of TOE | aroy, pue soreynqiy yo aoqum yy ee cry ‘SUIISVq JO STIX SN EN en tee ee ee ee a ee 7 eens Jo WOLooAIp [e100 4) TOPPA) “HV | grog ‘ors, |'uvyyA | “mod | ‘eq | ‘PAlog wee J XXX PHYSICAL AND GHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF While the drainage of by far the greater part of the three counties is performed by these nine great rivers and their nu- merous tributaries, there remaims about a twenty-fifth of their surface, distributed around their coasts, between the sea ter- minations of these rivers, into about 50 small detached basins, drained by as many streams from 1 to 15 miles long. These 50 burns have about 140 branches upwards of a mile long. The above table, in conjunction with the statement just made, shows into what a multitude of drainage troughs so minute a portion of the earth’s surface as is comprised in these three counties is divided. The north-east course of the main branch of the Gram- pians, from the south-west corner of Aberdeenshire to Gamrie, combined with the nearly north trend of the east coast of that county, causes the river basins on their east side to decrease in size as we proceed north. Thus, taking the basin of the Dee as unity, that of the Don is about a half, that of the Ythan a fourth, and that of the Ugie an eighth. it is a curious fact with respect to these four rivers, that, if we prolong the major axes of their basins seaward, they will meet in the line of the major axis of the Dee basin, about 60 miles east-north-east of Aberdeen ; whereas the major axis of the basin of the Deveron is parallel to those of the Spey and Findhorn, and the great rent of Scotland along the line of the Caledonian Canal. On taking a general view of the geology of the three coun- ties, we find that the north third of Kincardineshire, and nearly all Aberdeenshire, comprising the basins of the Dee, Don, Ythan, and Ugie, consist of large irregular tracts of granite and gneiss; that the rest of Kincardineshire, includ- ing the basins of the North Esk and Bervie, consists of old red sandstone with narrow bands of clay-slate and mica-slate ; and that the basins of the Deveron, Avon, and Fiddich, occupying nearly all Banffshire, consist mostly of granite, mica-slate, clay-slate, and quartzite, with very little gneiss. Granite oc- cupies a greater area in Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire than in any other tract in the British Isles of like extent. In the gneiss, mica-slate, and clay-slate tracts there occur small isolated and far-between patches of other rocks than those forming the bulk of the three counties. These consist of beds of primary limestone, and masses and veins of serpen- tine, felspar porphyry, compact felspar, trap including green- stone and basalt. These rocks do not occupy a five-hundredth of the surface, but they sometimes occur in lines over great tracts of country. To complete the above outline of the geology of the three counties, it will be sufficient merely to enumerate the various ABERDEEN, BANFF, AND KINCARDINESHIRES. XXx1 accumulations of loose materials intervening between the sur- face of the fundamental hard rocks and the vegetable soil. The solid rocks of the tract are often immediately covered by shattered portions of their own substance, and, especially in granite districts, by considerable depths of the upper parts of the rock so disintegrated i in situ as to be easily dug out by the spade in the form of angular gravel. Above these untransported materials, and, in their absence, above the solid rock itself, in all parts of the three counties, the surface is covered by immense accumulations of loose drifted deposits, which have no small influence in determining the superficial outline of the country on the small scale ; while the fundamental rocks, above enumerated, themselves determine the great features of mountain, valley, and glen. These deposits consist of boulder clay or till, a stiffish un- stratified mixture of clay, sand, gravel, and boulders; very loose stratified shingles, gravels, and sands, with rolled peb- bles and boulders; beach deposits above existing tides, brick clays and drift sand near the coasts; and gravels, sands, and silts deposited along the courses of the present rivers. Con- nected with these deposits are the boulder fimts, containing chalk fossils in Buchan; the small patches of dark-blue clay enclosing greensand fossils in Cruden, and las fossils near Turriff and Banff; and the sandstone and fosiliferous lime- stone boulders in the curious gravel knolls and ridges of Slains. Above the solid rock and the more impervious of the loose deposits covering them are to be found, in most parts of the three counties, tracts of peat, often many square miles in area, and ina few places reaching to the depth of upwards of 40 teet. It is in the upper parts of the basins of the Dee, Don, Avon, and North Esk, over an area of about 25 miles in diameter, or comprising about 370 square miles—an area every pat of which is upwards of 600 feet above the sea level—that the rarer plants so interesting to the alpine botanist are to be found. These plants have to be searched for, often at the risk of life and limb, on the tops and sides of mountains, in moun- tain lochs, in bright green and wet grassy plots on the bottoms and perpendicular sides of often almost maccessible corries, as well as amid heaps of fallen blocks, and the rough gravelly debris of mountain torrents. This alpine tract, the highest ot ike extent in these isles, exhibits scenery of the grandest description, in its numerous towering mountains, huge preci- pices, and deep glens. It has become an abode of royalty, and is visited every year by thousands of tourists from all quarters of the world. On no other tract in the kingdom does XXXIl PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE, &c. snow lie so long, or so deeply, as on this area; and on its highest mountams numerous patches of snow, some of them acres in extent, lie all the year round, though exposed to the direct rays of the sun. The most interesting tracts for the lowland botanist are the rocky (often also almost inaccessible), sandy and benty shores of the three counties, and the deep, woody, moist and rocky dens occurring here and there over their lower tracts. Av Ce Ww + a Dut tee” £ Bury headers le Burghead !) 32 ane v Bay dN = Fimorn Ae" Ki. ee ee ZA Cantly ¢ oe a Wy Ses ay 1 GING A, | aentinteg KONE 7: al Xow iyi + & as pemay! : minay fe B Masben. Strbe °C Chie D Dag i ics a> Alig. ae, _ek K. J ae 7 ai if HES A Jurnside barman AMnchury He, top ¢ a mit pau dither Corolertéy | mipherte yt Die, 8S ir by PA) } yirntnals ft L canoe KS aLtigprallochy oD Strate } init ee A em ‘ i ery, Rally’ Ractieary mi pin Katteuy Bay Prrerhe wit Bo. [Chavermetty ay Be TA san Durnley Tk Bluinis 7) Cruden B. + ruiten Sore BlackDeg Keck Ka. bisewnie dr Ii borden ‘ortlethen | | ret Pek TUW ¥ ‘Erg ert. crave d Loe! ines Dis} fron Bess brphar North Esix Riv. frizon. BANFF & KINCARDINE | ABERDEEN, SHIRES. & 4 Kt Tahnstor Edinburg A. Brown & Co. Aberdeen ABERDEEN. BANFF& NCAR DIN NESH R es. ABERDEEN: ae | * BROWN § & ay 4 ae THE BOTANIST’S GUIDE. CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONOUS, OR EXOGENOUS PLANTS. a eee Sub-Class 1.—THALAMIFLORAE. ORDER I.—RANUNCULACEAE. 1. THatictrum. Mrapow Rue. 1. T. alpinum, Linn. (Alpine M.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. Highland type. Range in Britain, 53°— 61°; altitude, 1600 to 3500 feet. Abundant in the interior ; south and west margins of Loch Callater, Rev. J. Brichan ; Corgarff, Donside, Mr. Barron ; Braeriach, Dr. Murchison ; Ben-Avon and Ben-a-Buird, Mr. R. Mackay. Also on Little Craigen- dall, Lochnagar, Callater Rocks, Rocks of Dhuloch, G. D. ; Wells of Dee, Mr. Croall. 2. T. minus, Linn. (Small M.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. Scottish type. Range in Britain, 50°—59° ; coast only. B 2 I, RANUNCULACEAE. [ Thalictrum. Occasionally along the coast line. K.—St. Cyrus Links south from Kirkside ; plenti- ful on stony beach half a mile north from J ohnshaven, Dr. Stephen. A.— Tn arenosis” Broadhill, Aberdeen Links, Dr. D. Skene ; frequent in the sandy links from the Dee to the Ythan, G. D.; Cruden, Mr. A. Murray; Cri- mond, Mr. Cow. B.—Scarce on the links at Buckie, but plentiful in the links at Cullen, Mr. Carmichael. 2. ANEMONE. ANEMONE. 1. A. nemorosa, Linn. (Wood A.) Perennial. Flowers, March to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°— 58°; sea level to 2000 feet. Moist woods and pastures. General. 3. Ranuncuuus. CROWFOOT. 1. R. aquatilis, Linn. (Common water C.) Perennial. Flowers, May to July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°— 60°; sea level to 1200 feet. Of general occurrence in lakes, ponds, and ditches ; rare at Castleton, Braemar. 2. R. hederaceus, Linn. (Ivy C.) Perennial. Flowers, March to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—59° ; coast to 1260 feet. Wet places and shallow water. Generally diffused. 3. R. Lingua, Linn. (Great Spearwort.) Perennial. Flowers, July to September. English type (or British?) Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast to 500 feet. \ Oo Ranunculus. | I. RANUNCULACEAE. Rare in this district. A.—Occasionally along the course of the Ythan from Gight to Ellon, G. D. Loch of Strathbeg, in Crimond, Mr. A. Murray. Loch of Auchlossan, in Lumphanan, Professor Macgillivray. 4, R. Flammula, Linn. (Small Spearwort.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; coast to 2700 feet. Margins of lakes and ditches. Common. Var. rep- fans: margins of Alpine lakes. dD. R. Ficaria, Linn. (Pilewort C.) Perennial. Flowers, March to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°— 61°; sea level to 500 feet. Pastures, woods, &c. Common in the lower dis- tricts ; rare in the more inland parts. 6. R. auricomus, Linn. (Wood C.) Perennial. Flowers in April and May. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast to 1500 feet. In moist woods. Rare. K.—On the farm of Auchallan, Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams; Corbie Den, Kingcausie, G. D.; In Den below Blackness, Strachan, Dr. Stephen. A.—North bank of the Don, above the old bridge, G. D. Wood below the “Lion’s face” at Castleton, Dr. Ogilvie. 7. R. sceleratus, Linn. (Celery-leaved C.) Perennial. Flowers, May to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—59° ; coast line. Pools and ditches. Chiefly in the coast district. K.—Marshes near mouth of the North Esk, Dr- Stephen ; at the Cove, G. D. A.—WNorth side of Dee at Wellington Bridge, near + I, RANUNCULACEAE. [ Ranunculus. the brick-work in the Old-town Links, and between the old and new bridges of Don, G. D.; in a ditch on the east side of King Street, Mr. P. Macgillivray ; at St. Fergus, Mr. A. Murray. B.—Parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd. 8. R. aeris, Linn. (Upright meadow C.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; coast to 2800 feet. Common everywhere. 9. R. repens, Linn. (Creeping C.) Perennial. Flowers, May to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; coast to 2000 feet. Common everywhere in this district. 10. R. buldosus, Linn. (Bulbous C.) Perennial. Flowers in April and May. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast to 1500 feet. In meadows and pastures. Local in the district. K.—At Jackstone, St. Cyrus ; and coast near Garron Point, Dr. Stephen ; Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.—On the Broadhill and other places in the Links, and banks of Dee above the old bridge, G. D. ; Cruden, Mr. A. Murray; Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner ; about the Castle of Cluny, Mr. Barron; at the Bridge of Alford, Rev. J. Minto; at Castleton, Braemar, Mr. Watson. B.—Parish of Alvah, but not common, Rev. Dr. Todd ; links of Buckie and Portessie, Mr. Carmichael ; in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 4, CautHa. Marsa Maryco.p. 1. C. palustris, Linn. (Common M.) Perennial. Flowers, April to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; coast to 3500 feet. Trollius. | I, RANUNCULACEAE. 5 Marshes. Everywhere ; at the above-mentioned altitude on Ben Macdui, Mr. R. Mackay. 5. Trouurs. GLoBe-FLoweEr. 1. T. Europaeus, Linn. (Mountain G.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. Scottish type. Range in Britain, 52°—61°; 50 to 3350 feet. Moist woods and rocks. Chiefly in the interior. K.—Parish of Garvock, Stat. Account ; Arbuthnot, Mr. Chrystal; Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams; Black- ness, Strachan, Dr. Stephen; Corbie- Den and south bank of the Dee at Kingcausie, G. D. A.—At Normandyke, Culter, Dr. J. Smith; Aboyne, Statistical Account ; by the Don at Monymusk, and in Corgarff, Strathdon, Mr. Barron ; banks of the Dee at Ballater ; in Glen Callater, G. D. ; Binhill in Cairnie, Rev. J. Abel; moor near Hillhead in Clatt, Dr. A. Fleming ; parish of Glass, Stat. Account. B.—Parish of Alvah, rare, Mr. G. C. Smith. OrpER II.—NYMPHAEACEAE. 1. NympHara. Waite WatTER-LILY. 1. N. alba, Linn. (Great W. W. L.) Perennial. Flowersin July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; 50 to 600 feet. In lakes. Chiefly in the lower districts. K.—Lochs of Park and Leys, Dr. Adams ; in a small lake at north side of the avenue leading to Maryculter House, G. D. A.—Corbie Loch, parish of Old Machar ; in a small lake between Bieldside and the river Dee, G. D. ; 6 Il. NYMPHAEACHAE. [Nuphar. parish of St. Fergus, Stat. Account; Loch of Dalhaiky, Cluny, Mr. Barron ; in parish of Longside, Stat. Ac- count ; in a small loch two miles from Kincardine O'Neil, Prof. Macgillivray; ‘In lacubus, Kinnord,” Dr. D. Skene, (this is Loch Cannor, a few miles west from the village of Aboyne.) 2. NupHarR. YELLOW Warver-Lity. 1. N. lutea, Smith. (Common Y. W. L.) Perennial. Flowers in July. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; 50 to 600 feet. In lakes ; but rarer than Nymphaea. K.—Loch of Leys, Dr. Adams. A.—Corbie Loch, G. D.; Loch Cannor, Mr. Suth- erland. 2. N. pumila, De Cand. (Small Y. W. L.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. Scottish type. Range in Brita, 56°—58° ; 200 to 600 feet. Rare in this district. K.—Loch of Leys (along with the last) Dr. Adams. A.—Abundant at the north-east end of Loch Can- nor, near village of Aboyne, Atigust 1836, G. D.* * There is no mention of this species in the Skene M.SS., now nearly 100 years old; as already stated Dr. S. only records Nymphaea in Loch Cannor. Nuphar lutea is probably there an introduced plant as well as in other parts of this district, and N. pumila merely a stunted variety, an opinion also held by Dr. Adams. ~I Papaver. | III. PAPAVERACEAE. ORDER IIT.—PAPAVERACEAE. 1. Papaver. Poppy. 1. P. dubium, Linn. (Long smooth-headed P.) Annual. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; coast to 500 feet. Fields and waste places. Not unfrequent. 2. P. Rhaeas, Linn. (Common red P.) Annual. Flowers, May to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°— 58°. Corn-fields ; but rare, and uncertain in appearance. 3. P. Argemone, Linn. (Prickly-headed P.) Annual. Flowers in June and July. British type (or English). Range in Britain, 50°— 58°; coast only. In fields. Very rare. K.—At St. Cyrus and Dunnottar, Dr. Stephen. A.—Found near Aberdeen by Dr. David Skene. I have never met with it in this quarter, G. D. 2. Guauctum. Hornep Poppy. 1. G. luteum, Tourn. (Yellow H.) Annual. Flowers, June tolSeptember. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—57° ; coast only. Sandy sea-shore. Very rare. K.—Beach north of Johnshaven, Dr. Stephen. In Bay of Nigg, 100-years ago, Dr. D. Skene; his des- cription (in MSS.) is full, and leaves no doubt respect- ing the plant. It is now extirpated. 8 IV. FUMARIACEAE. [FPumaria. OrpDER TV. FUMARIACEAE. 1. Fumaria. Fumitory. 1. FE. capreolata, Linn. (Rampant F.) Annual. Flowers, June to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°-—60° ; coast to 500 feet. Waste places. Very local in this district. K.—Crathes, Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.—Formerly beside the hut at the old Bridge of Don ; occasionally on the banks of the Dee near Aber- deen, G. D.; north bank of the Don, beside a hedge between the old and new bridges, Mr. P. Macgillivray ; in parish of Premnay, Rev. J. Minto; in Strathdon, Stat. Account; parish of Cruden, Mr. A. Murray ; at Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner; parish of Glass, Stat. Account. B.—In Alvah, but rare, Rev. Dr. Todd; parish of Grange, Stat. Account. 2. F. officinalis, Linn. (Common F.) Annual. Flowers, April to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; coast to 600 feet. Waste places. Not uncommon. 2. CoRYDALIS. CORYDALIS. 1. C. claviculata, De Cand. (White climbing C.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; 50 to 700 feet. Bushy and shady places among stones and gravel. K.—At Kingcausie, G. D.; Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.— ‘Den of Robslaw,” Dr. D. Skene, where it still grows ; abundant on the north bank of Dee above the old bridge, and beside the rivulet and dam half a Barbarea. | V. CRUCIFERAE. 9 mile north of Mill of Murtle, G. D. ; Gallowhill wood at Cluny, Mr. Barron; Old Deer, Stat. Account; at Tullynessle, Stat. Account ; wood at Candacraig, Strath- don, Rev. J. Minto. B.—In parish of Mortlach, rare, Dr. L. Stewart. ORDER V.—CRUCIFERAE. 1. BARBAREA. WINTER CRESS. 1. B. vulgaris, Brown. (Yel. rocket or com. W. C.) Perennial. Flowers, May to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; 50 to 450 feet. Waste places, &c. ; but not common. K.—Banchory-Ternan, rare, Dr. Adams. A.—Occasionally about Aberdeen, as at Stocket, banks of Dee and Don, &c., G. D.; at Cluny, Mr. Bar- ron; at Alford, Rev. Dr. Farquharson ; banks of the Bogie, in Rhynie, Rev. J. Minto. B.—Very local in Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd. 2. ARABIS. Rock CREss. 1. A. petraea, De Cand. (Alpine R. C.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. Highland type. Range in Britain, 53°—61° ; 50? or 700 to 3000 feet. Chiefly confined to the highland districts. “Island in the Dee opposite Banchory House, three miles west from Aberdeen, washed down from Braemar,’ Mr. P. Macgillivray ; abundant on the gravelly banks of the Dee at Ballater (700 feet); on the craig behind the farm of Linn Mui near Ballater, at 1450 feet ; abundant along the course of the river Quoich; also on Ben Macdui and Ben-a-Buird, &e. 10 V. CRUCIFERAE. [A rabis. 2. A. hirsuta, Brown. (Hairy R. C.) Biennial. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58°; sea level to 1700 feet. Rocks, &c. ; but rare in this district. K.—Cliffs of St. Cyrus, a quarter of a mile east from Kirkside, Dr. Stephen ; Banchory-Ternan, Rev. J. Brichan. A.—On the embankment, north side of Dee oppo- site to Nether Banchory Church ; banks of the Dee at Ballater ; on a bank by the Ballachbuie road between Balmoral and Bridge of Invercauld, G. D. ; Craig Koy- nach and “TLion’s face,’ at Castleton, Mr. Gardiner ; Strathdon, Stat. Account. Coast at Boyndie, near Banff, Dr. Shier. 3. CARDAMINE. BitTTeR CREss. 1. C. amara, Linn. (Large flowered B. C.) Perennial. Flowers, April to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58°; sea level to 1000 feet. K.—Kingcausie, G. D. ; Banchory-Ternan, Rev. J. Brichan. A.—Hab. in Den of Robslaw, Dr. D. Skene, where it still grows ; banks of Dee, Don, Ury, and Burn of Culter, Mr. P. Macgillivray ; Midmar, Mr. Barron ; Alford, Rev. Dr. Farquharson ; wood at Murtle, G. D. ; Den of Knockespock, Rev. J. Minto ; Strathdon, Stat. Account ; Buchan District, Mr. A. Murray. B.—Parish of Bantf, Stat. Account ; in Alvah, but local, Rev. Dr. Todd ; Mortlach, rare, Dr. L. Stewart. 2. C. pratensis, Linn. (Common B. C.) Perennial. Flowers, April to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; coast to 2000 feet. Common in moist meadows. Nasturtium. | V. CRUCIFERAE. 11 3. C. hirsuta, Linn. (Hairy B. C.) Annual. Flowers, March to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2400 feet. In moist and shady places. Common. 4, Nasturtium. WATER CRESS. 1. N. officinale, Brown. (Common, W. C.) Perennial. Flowers, May to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; coast to 1200 feet. Streams and ditches. Frequent ; more abundant in the lower parts of the district than in the interior ; rare in Mortlach and Corgarff. 5. CocHLEARIA. Scurvy GRass. 1. C. officinalis, Linn. (Common S. G.) Annual or Perennial. Flowers, May to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; coast to 3600 feet. The ordinary form is common along the whole coast, and extends some distance into the interior along the course of rivers. Var. C. Groenlandica, L, on the higher mountains, and on the serpentine tracts of the Don district. Var. C. Danica, L, occasionally at the Cove, south from Aberdeen, and formerly on the Inch at Aberdeen. 6. Drapa. Wauittow GRASS. 1. D. verna, Linn. (Common W. G.) Annual. Flowers, March to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; sea level to ? Frequent on walls, rocks, dry banks, &c. General along the coast, and found also, but very local, in the inland districts. 12 V. CRUCIFERAE. [Draba. 2. D. incana, L. (Twisted podded W. G.) Biennial. Flowers in June and July. Highland type. Range in Britain, 53°—61° ; 2500 feet. Dry Alpine rocks. Very rare. A.—Head of Glen Callater, Mr. Croall. 3. D. rupestris, Brown. (Rock W.G.) Perennial. Flowers in July. Highland type. Range in Britain, 56°—59° ; 3000 feet. Alpine rocks. B.—Known only upon Cairngorm in this district. 7. Tuouaspl. Penny Crass. 1. T. arvense, Linn. (Field P. C.) Annual. Flowers, May to July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; sea level to 1100 feet. Fields and waste places. K.—Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.—Fields about King Street, Ferryhill, &. G. D. Kaldrummy and Corgarff, Mr. Barron ; Doun of Inver- nochty and banks of Ernan, in Strathdon, Rev. J. Minto ; Buchan district, Mr. A. Murray. B.—Rare in Alvah, Rey. Dr Todd ; Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 8. TEESDALIA. ‘TEESDALIA. 1. T. nudicaulis, Brown. (Naked stalked N.) Annual. Flowers in May and June. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; sea level to 300 feet. Sandy and gravelly places. Rare. K.—At Kingcausie, Rey. D. Milne ; roadside near Crathes, Rey. J. Minto. A.— In arenosis,” Old-town Links, Dr. D. Skene, Teesdalia. | V. CRUCIFERAE. 13 where it is still to be found ; north bank of the Dee, a mile above the old bridge, G. D. ; Skene Road, at the eleventh mile-stone, Mr. Barron ; frequent in parish of Drumoak, Dr. J. Smith ; Sands of Forvie, at Ythan- mouth, Mr. Cow ; parish of Glass, Stat. Account. 9. CaKILE. SEA ROcKET. 1. C. maritima, Willd. (Purple S. R.) Annual. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; coast only. Sandy sea-shores. General in suitable localities from St. Cyrus to mouth of the Spey. 10. SisymBrium. Hepce Mustarp. 1. S. officinale, Linn. (Common H. M.) Annual. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; sea level to 500 feet. Waste places and by road-sides. Frequent in lower districts ; rare in the interior ; not in Corgarff list. 2. 8. Thalianun, Hooker. (Thale H. M.) Annual. Flowers, April to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; sea level to 1260 feet. Dry banks and walls. Not common in this district. K.—Frequent at St. Cyrus and Benholme, Dr. Stephen ; Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.—Near Aberdeen, in various places ; north bank of Dee, one mile above the old bridge ; tops of walls at Morninefield and Summerhill, G. D.; Cluny, Mr. Barron ; Alford, Rev. J. Farquharson ; Cruden, Mr. A. Murray ; embankment formed in making the road op- posite Balmoral, Mr. Croall ; Castleton, Braemar, Mr. Barron. 14 V. CRUCIFERAE. [ Sisymbrium. B.—Rocky banks covered with gravel at Bridge of Alvah, but rare, Rev. Dr. Todd. 3. S. Sophia, Linn. (Fine leaved H.) Annual. Flowers, June to August. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—58°; coast only. Very rare. K.—St. Cyrus, Stat. Account. 11. ALLIARIA, GarRtic Mustarp. 1. A. officinalis, De Cand. (common G. M.) Biennial. Flowers in May and June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; sea level to 400 feet. Waste places. Rare. K.—Burn of Benholme, Dr. Stephen ; Banchory- Ternan, Rev. J. Brichan; Den of Leggart, Dr. A. Fleming. A.—Robslaw Den ; formerly at old House of Robs- law ; road-side north from Powis, G. D. ; Drumnahoy, Cluny, Mr. Barron ; Paradise, Monymusk, Mr. P. Mac- gillivray. B.—Alvah, local, Rev. Dr, Todd ; in parish of Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 12. SupuLaria. AwtL-Wort. 1. 8. aquatica, Linn. (Water A. W.) Perennial. Flowers in July. Highland type. Range in Britain, 53°—59° ; from 150 to 2200 feet. Shallow margins of Lakes. Rare. A.—FKast end of Loch of Park, G. D.; Lake“at Pitfour, Rev. J. Minto ; in parish of Old Deer, Stat. Account ; in a small loch, a little east of Loch Bug, Mr. Barron ; Lochs Muick and Callater, Professor Mac- gillivray ; Loch Ceander, head of Glen Callater, G. D. Capsella. | V. CRUCIFERAE. 15 13. CAPSELLA. SHEPHERD'S PURSE. 1 C. Bursa Pastoris, De Cand. (Common S. P.) Annual. Flowers, March to October. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 1200 feet. Common, everywhere. In Corgarff, at the above altitude. 14. Lzepiprum. Pepper Wort. 1. L. Smithii, Hooker. (Mithridate P. W.*) Annual. Flowers, May to August. [British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; sea level to 1000 feet. Dry gravelly banks, &c. Not common. K.—Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.—North bank of Dee, above the old bridge ; banks of Don, at Kettock’s Mill ; beside the Preventive Station, at Don-mouth; in Belhelvie Links, G. D.; near Culter House, Dr. J. Smith ; fields, &c. in Leochel, Mr. Sutherland ; road-side at House of Newton, Rev. J. Minto ; banks of Dee at Castleton, Mr. Watson. B.—About Banff, Stat. Account ; Haugh below Bridge of Alvah, and occasionally on the banks of the Deveron in other parts of the parish, Rev. Dr. Todd ; Mortlach, but rare, Dr. L. Stewart. 15. SENEBIERA. WART CRESS. 1. S. Coronopus, De Cand. (Common W. C.) Annual. Flowers, June to September. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—58°. Rare, and confined to certain parts of the coast line. * L. campestre is mentioned in Skene MSS. as found at Gor- eons Mill, near Aberdeen; I have never seen it in this district.— ra DD, 16 V. CRUCIFERAE. [ Senebiera. A.—Fish-town at Colliston, Mr. Cow ; abundant beside the lighthouse at Cairnbulg-head, Dr. Temple- ton and G. D.; and also along the coast northwards, at Fish-town of Pitullie, G. D. 17. Stuvapis. Mustarp. 1. 8. arvensis, Linn. (Charlock Mustard.) Annual. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61i°; sea level to 1260 feet. Fields and waste places. Common. Corgarif at the above altitude. 18. RapHanus. RapIsuH. 1. R. Raphanistrum, Linn. (Wild R. jointed charlock.) Annual. Flowers, May to October. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 1,200 feet. In fields, &&. Common. OrpeR VI.—RESEDACHAE. 1. Resepa. MIGNONETTE. 1. R. Luteola, Linn. (Yellow Weed.) Annual. Flowers, June to August. JBritish type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; sea level to 600 feet. Waste places. are. K.—At Benholme, and in a field by the road half a mile north-west from Brotherton, Dr. Stephen. Reseda.] VI. RESEDACEAE. 17 At Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.— “On brae from hangman’s house at Aberdeen, to Footdee Church,’ Skene, MSS. ; (now covered with houses) ; by the side of the road from King Street to the brick-work in the Old-town Links, Dr. A. Fleming; near Morrison’s Suspension Bridge, Professor Macgil- livray ; by the mills above Manse of Dyce, Dr. A. Fleming ; at Aboyne, and in parish of Coull, Stat. Account ; at the old Castle of Kildrummy, Mr. Barron. B.—Alvah, very rare and scarcely indigenous, Rey. Dr. Todd; parish of Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart; on the gravelly banks of Tynet and Golochy burns, Mr. Carmichael. OrvDER VII.—CISTACEAE. 1. HeviantHemMuM. Rock Rose. 1. H. vulgare, Gaertner. (Common R. R.) Perennial. Flowers, July to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58°; sea level to 1700 feet. Dry rocks and banks. Not common. K.—Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams ; north side of Bay of Nigg, G. D. foley) A.—Den of Maidencraig, on the Skene road, four miles from Aberdeen ; by the Don at the new bridge, G. D.; Drumnahoy, Cluny, Mr. Barron ; moor at Cannor near Aboyne, Stat. Account ; Alford, Rev. Dr. Farquharson ; Clatt, Rev. J. Minto; Corgarff, Mr. Barron ; on Formanhill, Rev. J. Abel ; rocks behind the farm of Tomintoul at Castleton, Braemar ; and on the Craig of Lin Mui, near Ballater, G. D. B.—“T have only met with a few specimens grow- C 18 VIII. VIOLACEAE. [ Viola. ing on rocks on Deveron side,” Rey. Dr. Todd ; links of Buckie and Portessie, and on the Binhill at Cullen, Mr. Carmichael ; in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. OrpER VIII.—VIOLACEAE. 1. ViouA. VIOLET. 1. V. palustris, Linn. (Marsh V.) Perennial. Flowers, March to July. . British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60°; sea level to 4000 feet. Bogs and marshes. Rather local. K.—Frequent in Benholme; in Durris and Strachan, Dr. Stephen ; Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams ; formerly in Ferryhill moss ; bogs near Scotston and Denmore, &c, G. D.; Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner ; Haughton woods in Alford, Dr. A. Murray; in Clatt, Rev. J. Minto ; in Corgarff, Mr. Barron ; two-thirds up Loch- nagar on the east side, and on Ben Macdui at 4000 feet, and on the summit of the Mourne at Castleton, GD: B.—Frequent along the streamlet flowing from Come’s Well and in woods near the base of hill of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd ; Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 2. V. canina, Linn. (Dog's V.) Perennial. Flowers, April to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2600 feet. Woods, banks, rocks, &. Common. 3. V. pumila, Vill. (Dillenius’ V.) (V. flavicornis, Smith. ) Viola. | VIII. VIOLACEAE. 19 Perennial. Flowers, April to August. English? type. Range in Britain, 50°— 57° ; sea level to 100 feet. Dry sandy places. Local. K.—Bay of Nigg, G. D.; about St. Cyrus, Stat. Account. A.—Links at Aberdeen, G. D. B,—Parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd. 4. V. tricolor, Linn. (Pansy V.) Biennial. Flowers, March to October. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 1700 feet. Banks, fields, waste places, &. Common. 5. V. lutea, Hudson. (Yellow mountain V.) Perennial. Flowers, May to September. Scottish type. Range in Britain, 51°—59° ; 400 to 2600 feet. Inland banks, pastures, and rocks. Chiefly in the interior. Abundant at Greystone, in Alford ; in Towie and Glenbucket, Dr. A. Murray ; parish of Glass, Stat. Account ; plentiful about Bal- later and Castleton ; rocks in Glen Callater at the “break-neck fall,’ G. D.; very abundant in the old churchyard of Cushnie, Mr. Sutherland. B.—At Tomintoul, “ Flora of Moray.” Orper IX.—DROSERACEAE. 1. Drosera. SUN-DEW. 1. D. rotundifolia, Linn. (Round-leaved S.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2000 feet. ; 20 IX. DROSERACEAE. [Drosera. Bogs and moist heaths. Of general occurrence. 2. D. Anglica, Hudson. (Great English S.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. Scottish type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; 50 to 1800 feet. Bogs and marshes. Rather local. A.-—Marsh at south side of Corsehill, near Scots- ton and Denmore, G. D. ; moor near Tarbethill in Belhelvie, Professor Macgillivray ; bog in parish of Longside, Mr. Murray ; bog near Manse of Drumoak, Professor Macgillivray ; bog on the west side of Auch- menzie, in Clatt, Rev. J. Minto ; marsh by the north side of the Braemar road, a little west from Bridge of Gairden, G. D.; Glen Callater, Mr. A. K. Clark ; base of Ben-a-Buird, Mr. R. Mackay; near base of Ben Macdui, G. D. 2. PaRNASSIA. GRASS OF PARNASSUS. 1. P. palustris, Linn. (common G. of P.) Perennial. Flowers in August and September. Bri- tish type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2700 feet. Bogs and marshes. Very local. K.—In different parts of Kincardineshire, Stat. Account ; Banchory-Ternan, Rev. J. Brichan; King- causie, G. D. A.—Scotston moor, and Millden burn in Belhelvie, G. D.; at Cruden, Mr. A. Murray, Hill of Fare, Mr. Barron ; rocks in Glen Callater, at 2600 feet, G. D. ; top of the Mourne at Castleton, Mr. Croall. B.—Coast at Gamrie, Rev. G. Gairdner ; bogs at Sandlaw, Rosyburn, Newton, Muiryhill, &c. parish of Alvah, Rey. Dr. Todd; in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. Polygala. | X. POLYGALACEAE. 21 OrDER X.—POLYGALACEAE. 1. PotyGaLtaA. MILKwort. 1. P. vulgaris, Linn. (Common M.) Perennial. Flowers, May to August. JBritish type. Range in Britain, 50°—60°; sea level to 2500 feet. Dry pastures, &c. Common. OrnpER XI.—ELATINACEAE. 1. ELATINE. WATER-WORT. 1. E. hexandra, De Cand. (Hexandrous W.) Annual. Flowers in July and August. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; at 200 feet. Very rare. K.—In shallow water at the east end of the Loch of Park, where it was first observed by Dr. A. Fleming. OrpDER XII.—CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 1. DiantHus. PIrIn«c. 1. D. deltoides, Linn. (Maiden P.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast line to 700 feet ? Banks, pastures, &c. in gravelly soil. Rare. K.—Coast at St, Cyrus, Bervie, and bridge at Burn 22 XII, CARYOPHYLLACEAE. [ Dianthus. ot Benholme, Stat. Account; in parish of Arbuthnot, Mr. Chrystall ; road-side above Gourdon ; links east of Brotherton, Dr. Stephen.* 2. SILENE. CATCHFLY. 1. S. acaulis, Linn. (Moss Campion.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. Highland type. Range in Brita, 53°—61°; 2300% to 4320 feet. Confined to the higher ranges of mountains, but very abundant there. A.—Mount Keen, Lochnagar, Little Craigendall, Callater Rocks, Ben-a-Buird, Ben Macdui, G. D.; on Braeriach and Cairntoul, Mr. R. Mackay. B.—Cairngorm, Mr. R. Mackay. 2. 8. inflata, Smith. (Bladder Campion.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58°; sea level to 800 feet. Pastures and waste places. Not uncommon in the lower districts. K.—St. Cyrus and Bervie, Dr. Stephen; at new Church of Nigg, G. D. ; Banchory-Ternan, Rev. J. Brichan. A.—About Aberdeen, at Wellington Bridge, Pow- der Magazine, Footdee, banks of Dee and Don, &c. G. D.; in Buchan, Mr. A. Murray; Aberdour, Rev. J. Gairdner ; Rhynie and Auchindoir, but rare in Clatt, Rey. J. Minto; Forgue, and near Glack, Rev. J Abel. B.—Dunlugas, rare, Rev. Dr. Todd ; Mortlach, rare, Dr. L. Stewart. 3. S. maritima, Withering. (Sea Campion.) * Rey. A. Beverly has found it on the bank of the Dee near Ballater, ‘‘ apparently washed down from a garden.” Silene. | XII. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 23 Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2000 feet. Sandy and stony places, &c. General. By the coast, common; and occasionally in the interior, along the courses of the Dee, the Don, the Deveron. Frequent on some of the higher mountains —Khoil, Lochnagar, &c. &e. 4, S. nutans, Linn. (Drooping C.) Perennial. Flowers, May to July. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—57° ; coast only. Very rare. K.—Coast at St Cyrus, and Kineff, Stat. Account. 3. Lycunis. LYcHNIs. 1. L. Flos-cuculi, Linn. (Ragged Robin.) Perennial. Flowers in May and June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; coast to 1300 feet. Moist meadows and pastures. Common. 2. L. vespertina, Sibthorp. (White L.) Biennial. Flowers, June to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; coast to 500 feet ? In fields, &c. Rather scarce in the interior, more frequent in the lower parts; but nowhere a common plant. K.—St. Cyrus, Benholme, Dunnottar, Muchalls, Nigg, Dr. Stephen. A.—About Robslaw, Deeside at Cults, &. &c. G. D. ; Forgue, Rev. J. Abel. B.—Local in Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd; in Mortlach, rare, Dr. L. Stewart. 3. L. diurna, Sibthorp. (Red Campion.) 24 XII. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. [Lychnis. Perennial. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; coast to 2500 feet. Moist shady places ; frequent and general. At the above altitude on Lochnagar. 4, Saqina. PEARL-WORT. 1. 8S. maritima, Don. (Sea P.) Annual. Flowers, May to July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; coast only. Moist places along the coast line. K.—St. Cyrus, south from Kirkside ; coast at Gourdon ; Garron Point, Dr. Stephen. Near Girdle- ness Lighthouse ; also at the south pier, G. D. A.—Fissures of stones, north pier; the Inch ; tidal line at railway viaduct; and Old-town Links, G. D.; Buchanness, Mr. A. Murray ; Ythan-mouth, Mr. Cow. B.—Coast at Banff, Mr. G. C. Smith. * 2.—S. procumbens, Linn. (Procumbent P.) Perennial. Flowers, May to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2700 feet. Waste places, pastures, &e. Common. 3. S. saxatilis, Wimm. (Alpine P.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. Highland type. Range in Britain, 56°—59°; 2000 to 2500 feet ? Rare. At high elevations, by streams, and on wet * §. apetala, Linn. Mentioned in Prof. Macgillivray’s Nat. History of Deeside, as found ‘‘about Aberdeen, and along the rocky shore;” is also reported at St. Cyrus. The true plant does not occur in the district; it and 8. maritima, are, however, considered by some as identical. Sagina. | XII, CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 25 rocks. The true plant is far from common, but occurs on Ben-a-Buird, and others of the Braemar range. 4. S. subulata, Wimm. (Awl-leaved P.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. Scottish type. Range in Brita, 50°—61°; sea level to 1800 feet ? Dry places about rocks, &c. Local. K.—At St. Cyrus; Cloch Hill, Benholme, Dr. Stephen. At Girdleness Lighthouse, &. G. D.; Ban- chory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.—Robslaw Quarry; banks of the Dee ; serpentine rocks, by the Udny road, near Meadowbank, G. D. ; Hill of Fare, Mr. Barron; Normandyke, Culter, Dr. J. Smith. B.—Speyside, parish of Aberlour, Dr. L. Stewart. 5.—S. nodosa, Linn. (Knotted P.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°— 60°; coast to 1200 feet. Wet places. Frequent, but not a common plant. K.—Den of Jackstone ; and on St. Cyrus’ Sands, in marshy places ; Annie’s dam, Benholme ; Sooty- wells, Garvock, Dr. Stephen. A.—Near Aberdeen, on Stocket moor ; in Old-town Links ; Belhelvie Links, &c. G. D. ; Dalhaiky, Cluny, but rare, Mr. Barron ; Alford, Rev. Dr. Farquharson ; Clatt, Rev. J. Minto ; Corgarff, Mr. Barron ; Cruden, Mr. A. Murray ; Castleton, Braemar, Mr. Sutherland. B.—Among chingle, by Deveronside, in Alvah, rare, Rev. Dr. Todd ; Mortlach, Dr, L. Stewart. 5. HonckEeNyA,. SEA PURSLANE. 1, H. peploides, Ehrh. (Ovate-leaved 8. P.) Perennial. Flowers, May to July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°. Coast only. 26 XII. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. [Honckenya. Sandy shores, along the entire coast, 6. ARENARIA. SANDWORT. 1. A. verna, Linn. (Vernal S.) Perennial. Flowers, May to July. Scottish type? Range in Britain, 50°—58°; 600 to 1500 feet. Rocks in the interior. Confined to the serpentine tracts in Leslie ; Clatt ; at Noth ; Knockespock, Rev. J. Minto. Towanrieffe, (serpentine), Auchindoir, Mr. Sutherland. On rocks of same composition at Den of Craig; and on the Greenhill of Strathdon, G. D. 2. A. serpyllifolia, Linn. (Thyme-leaved S.) Annual. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°— 60°; sea level to 900 feet. Walls ; and dry waste places. Rather local. A.—Tops of walls at Ferryhill ; road-side at Broom- hill ; Raeden ; Kittybrewster, G. D, On the Deeside road, at the third mile-stone, Dr. J. Smith ; Drumna- hoy, in Cluny, Mr. Barron ; parish of Coull, Stat. Ac- - count ; in Rhynie, Rev. J. Minto ; upon the bridge over the Dee, at Invercauld, Mr. Croall. 3. A. trinervis, Linn. (Three-nerved S.) Annual. Flowers, June to July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; 200 to 1000 feet. Shady woods. Very rare in this district. A.—In the wood at Den of Gight, parish of Meth- lick, G. D ; in a small ravine, west from Linn of Dee, Mr. Croall. B.—Wood of Shaws, parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr- Todd. Stellaria. | XII. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 27 7. STELLARIA. STITCHWORT. 1. S. media, Withering. (Common Chickweed. ) Annual. Flowers, nearly all the year. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; sea level to 1800 feet ? Common everywhere. 2. S. holostea, Linn. (Greater 8.) Perennial. Flowers, April to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60°; sea level to 1300 feet. Woods and hedges. Generally diffused in all parts of the district. 3. S. graminea, L. (Narrow-leaved 8S.) Perennial. Flowers, April to August. British type. ae in Britain, 50°—61° ; sea level to 1400 eet. Dry pastures, heaths, &e. Frequent. 4. 8. uliginosa, Murr. (Bog 8S.) Annual. Flowers, May to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; sea level to 2800 feet. Ditches and streams. Generally diffused. 8. CrerRastium. Movusr-Ear CHICKWEED. 1. C. vulgatum, Linn. (Broad-leaved M.) Annual. Flowers, April to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 900 feet. Road-sides and waste places. Common. 2. C. viscosum, Linn. (Narrow-leaved M.) Annual. Flowers, March to September. [British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; sea level to 2397 feet. 28 XII, CARYOPHYLLACEAE. [Cerastium. Waste places, &c. Common. 3. C. semidecandrum, Linn. (Small M.) Annual. Flowers, March to May. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 500 feet. Wall tops and dry sandy places. Frequent. K.—Coast at St. Cyrus, Dr. Stephen ; near Aber- deen, at the south pier ; Old-town Links ; Inch, &., G. D.; in Buchan, Mr. A. Murray; Aberdour, Rey. G. Gairdner ; Clatt and Grange, Rev. J. Minto. B.—Parish of Alvah, but local, Rev. Dr. Todd. 4, C. tetrandrum, Curtis. (Four-cleft M.) Annual. Flowers, May to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61° ; coast line. Dry sandy places. Local. K.—At the Cove, Dr. Stephen. A.— At Aberdeen, links at the Broadhill and northwards. 5. C. arvense, Linn. (Field C.) Perennial. Flowers, April to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; 50 to 500 feet. Dry gravelly places. Very local K.—Near the mill on Burn of Shevoch, at Kirk of Durris, Rev. A. Beverly; banks of Dee behind Nether- Banchory Church, and between the Mill Inn at Mary- culter and the river Dee, Professor Macgillivray ; at farm of Bankhead, Maryculter, Dr. A. Fleming. _ A.—Ina field near the north end of the old Bridge of Dee ; and on north bank of the Dee, a mile above the old bridge, G. D.; about Drumoak, &., Dr. J. Smith ; Upper Drumnahoy, Cluny, Mr. Barron ; in parishes of Rhynie, Clatt, and Lesle, not common, but plentiful where it does grow, Rev. J. Minto. Cerastium. | XII. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 29 B.—In parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd. ; in Mort- lach, Dr. L. Stewart. 6. C. alpinum, Linn. (Hairy alpine C.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. Highland type. Range in Britain, 53°—59° ; 1480 to 3000 feet ¢ Confined to the higher and inland districts. Craig behind the farm of Lin Mui, west from Ballater, at the low elevation above mentioned, in this locality it is abundant, G. D.; also on Lochnagar, Callater Rocks, Ben Macdui, and other parts of the same range. 7. C. latifolium, Linn. (Broad-leaved alpine C.) Perennial. Flowers, June to September. Highland type. Range in Britain, 53°—59° ; 1800 to 3000 feet. This is a rarer plant than the last. A.—On Little Craigendall, Mr. Croall ; Ben Mac- dui ; Cairntoul. B.—At head of Loch Avon; on Cairngorm; in Glen Avon, ‘“ Flora of Moray.” 8. C. trigynum, Fries. (Stitchwort C.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. Highland type. Range in Britain, 56°—58°; 2400 to 4000 feet. Very rare. A.—Rocks on the north and south sides of Ben Macdui, Mr. R. Mackay ; Little Craigendall, and Wells of Dee, Mr. Sutherland. B.—On Cairngorm, Mr. H. C. Watson. 30 XII, LINACEAE. [Linum. ORDER XIII.—LINACEAE. 1. Linum. Fax. 1. L. eatharticum, Linn. (Purging F.) Annual. Flowers, June to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 1700 feet. Pastures and heaths. Generally diffused. 2. RapiouaA. FnLAx SEED. 1. R. millegrana, Smith. (Thyme-leaved F.) Annual. Flowers in July and August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60°; sea level to 650 feet. Bogs and wet gravelly places. Rather local. K.—Moor of Benholme, Mr. Chrystall ; near new Church of Nigg, and in Bay of Nigg, G. D. ; west side of embankment a little above Nether-Banchory Church, Dr. Stephen ; marshes at Feuch bridge, and Loch of Park, Dr. Adams. A.—Links at Aberdeen, Dr. R. Harvey ; Fyfe moss, Belhelvie, and road-side at Scotston moor, in marshy spots, G. D.; Upper Drumnahoy, Cluny, Mr. Barron ; Loch of Auchlossan, Lumphanan, Dr. A. Murray ; road-side above Kincardine O’Neil, Mr. Sutherland ; at west end of Loch Cannor, G. D. ; Heugh of Crimond, and elsewhere in Buchan, Mr. Cow ; on the hill, a mile west of Aberdour manse, Mr. A. Cruickshank. B.—At hill of Maunderlea, Alvah, Mr. G. C. Smith. Malva.) XIV. MALVACEAE. al ORDER XIV—MALVACEAE. 1. Matva. Mattow. 1. M. rotundifolia, Linn. (Dwarf M.) Perennial. Flowers, July to September. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast only. Very rare. This is the only wild species of mallow in the district. K.—St. Cyrus, at Milton of Mathers, Mr. Suther- land and Mr. Croall; south end of the Wellington Suspension Bridge, Mr. Smith. A.—Formerly at the south end of the fish-town of Footdee, G. D.; at Ravenscraig, parish of Peterhead, Mr. A. Murray. ORDER XV.—HYPERICACEAE. 1. Hypericum. St. JonHn’s Wort. 1. H. guadrangulum, Linn. (Square-stalked St. J.) Perennial. Flowers in July. British type (or English). Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast to 450 feet. By ditches, and in wet pastures. Local. K.-—St. Cyrus cliffs, and north from Den Fenella, and in Den of Morphie, Dr. Stephen ; marshes about Muchals ; by the dam at south end of Den of Leggart ; Corbie Den, Maryculter, G. D. A.—Beside Gilcomston dam ; by rivulets in the links of Belhelvie ; banks of Dee and Don, &c., G. D. ; by the sides of the burn at Robslaw Bleachfield, Mr. Sutherland ; beside the avenue to Culter House, Dr. J. Smith ; Wanton Wells, Insch, Mr. M‘Donald ; Alford, . 32 XV. HYPERICACEAE. [Hypericum. Rey. Dr. Farquharson ; Burn of Forgue near Cobairdy, Rey. J. Abel. B.—Denmill, Alvah, rare ; more abundant in some of the neighbouring parishes, Rev. Dr. Todd. 2. H. humifusum, Linn. (Trailing St. J.) Perennial. Flowers in July. British type (or English). Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; sea level to 400 feet. Dry pastures and waste places. Frequent. K.—South bank of Dee, above the old bridge, GoD. A.—North bank of Dee ; frequent in Belhelvie ; abundant about Drumoak, &e. &e. B.—Frequent in pastures in parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd ; Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 3. H. pulchrum, Linn. (Small upright St. J.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2000 feet. Banks, moors, woods, &. Frequent. General in this district. 4. H. hirsutum, Linn. (Hairy St. J.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. British type, (or English.) Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; sea level to 700 feet. Banks and rocky places. Rather local. K.—Den Fenella ; St. Cyrus’ cliffs ; Arbuthnot ; Stonehaven to Muchalls, Dr. Stephen ; near the old Church of Nige, G. D.; north bank of Dee below Maryfield Cottage, Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams ; near Maryculter House, Dr. J. Smith. A.—North bank of Dee above the old bridge ; north bank of the Don above the old bridge, where it Hypericum. ] XV. HYPERICACEAE. 33 erew 100 years ago “in rupibus Don, prope pontem,’ Skene, MSS. ; foot of Glen Gairden, Mr. Croall ; banks of Dee at Ballater, Rev. A. Beverly; in Alford, on Don braes opposite Kirktown of Forbes, Rev. J. Minto ; banks of Don at Breda, Mr. Sutherland; parish of Glass, Stat. Account ; Deveron-side at Huntly Lodge, Rey. J. Abel. B.—Braes of Montcoffer, and occasionally on Deveron-side above and below Bridge of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd ; woods at Duff House, “Flora of Moray ;” Fiddoch-side, rare, Dr. Stewart. 5. H. perforatum, Linn. (Perforated St. J.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; coast line to 380 feet ? Shady places. Very rare. K.—Den Fenella ; Kirkside, St. Cyrus ; and below North Esk bridge, Dr. Stephen. A.—Den of Robslaw, G. D.; parish of Glass, Stat. Account. OrDER XVI.—GERANITACEAE. 1. GmRANIUM. CRANE’S BILL. 1. G. sanguineum, Linn. (Bloody C.) Perennial. Flowers in July. British type (or Inter- mediate). Range in Britain, 50°—58>? ; sea level to 1200 feet. Banks and rocks. Rather local ; appears to be more abundant in the southern parts of this district. K.—Coast at St. Cyrus, Garvock, Benholme, and Johnshaven, Dr. Stephen; Kineff, Stat. Account ; D 34. XVI. GERANIACEAE. [Geranium. abundant on the cliffs at the Cove and southwards, Can: ‘ A.—Banks of Don; and at Castleton, Braemar, GD. Not in lists of plants at Corgarff, Alvah, nor Mortlach. 2. G. sylvaticum, Linn. (Wood C.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. Scottish type (or Intermediate). Range in Britain, 52°—60° ; 100 to 2600 feet. Woods and river banks. Rather local. K.—Den of Davo ; below Blackness, Strachan ; Burn of Benholme, Dr. Stephen ; parish of Arbuthnot, Mr. Chrystall ; Corbie Den, G. D. ; Banchory-Ternan, Dr. Adams. A.—Robslaw Den ; banks of Dee and Don, along the course of both ; Craig of Lin Mui, near Ballater ; Corrymulzie, Braemar ; Callater Rocks, and Ben Mac- dui, G. D. ; Clatt, Den of Craig, &. Rev. J. Minto ; woods of Avochie, Rev. J. Abel ; Laithers, near Turiff, Mr. A. Murray. B.—Along Deveron-side, and near Bridge of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd ; common in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 3. G. pratense, Linn. (Blue Meadow C.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type (or English), Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast to 1747 feet. Moist shady places, rocks, &c. Local. K—Coast at St. Cyrus, Stat. Account ; Arbuthnot, Mr. Chrystall ; beach between Gourdon and Johns- haven, Dr. Stephen ; Finnan and Portlethen, G. D. A.—Donside at Dyce ; Kintore and Kemnay, Mr. P. Macgillivray ; banks of Don at Castle Forbes, Dr. A. Fleming; Drumnahoy in Cluny, Mr. Barron ; Khoil at Ballater, at 1747 feet, G. D.; a little above Geranium. | XVI. GERANIACEAE. 35 Balmoral, Mr. Croall ; ruins of Castle of Lismore in Rhynie, Rev. J. Minto ; Den of Wardhouse, Mr. M‘Donald. Reported as scarce in the higher parts of the Garioch district. Banks of the Deveron opposite Mayen House, Rev. J. Abel. B.—Deveron-side, and near Bridge of Alvah, Rey. Dr. Todd ; Delnabo and Campdalmore, near Tomintoul, “ Flora of Moray.” 4. G. Robertianum, Linn. (Herb-Robert.) Annual. Flowers, May to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; sea level to 1500 feet. Woods, waste places, &c. Frequent, and general. 5. G. molle, Linn. (Dove’s-foot C.) Annual. Flowers, April to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 1000 feet. Dry pastures, &e. &. Common. 6. G. dissectum, Linn. (Jagged-leaved C.) Annual. Flowers, May to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—59°; sea level to 1250 feet. Pastures and waste places. Frequent. The highest and most inland locality known to me, is at Castleton, Braemar, where it was observed by Mr. Croall ; Corgarff, Mr. Barron. 2. ERopium. Storxk’s BI. 1. E. cicutarium, Smith. (Hemlock S.) Annual. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—59° ; sea level to 300 feet ? Dry sandy places, and waste ground. Frequent. 36 XVII. OXALIDACEAE. [ Oxalis. OrpDER XVII.—OXALIDACEAE. 1. Oxauis. Woop-SorRRBEL. 1. O. Acetosella, Linn. (Common W.) Annual. Flowers, April to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; sea level to 3800 feet. Woods, and shady crevices about stones and rocks. General. Sub-Class I1.—CALYCIFLORAE. ORDER XVII. LEGUMINOSAE. 1. Uvex. Furze. l. U. Europaeus, Linn. (Furze, Whin, or Gorse.) Perennial. Flowers, February to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—59°; sea level to 1200 feet. Of general occurrence in the lower districts, thin- ning out towards the interior. It is plentiful, but rather small, about Ballater. Between Castleton and Crathie it is rarely seen ; at the former place, it is one of the rarest of plants. In Glen Muick, the last whin bush is seen half a mile east of Acholzie. It occurs in Mortlach. 2. GENISTA. GREENWOOD. 1. G. Anglica, Linn. (Needle Gorse, Petty-whin.) Perennial. Flowers in May and June. British type, (or English.) Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; near sea level, 2200 feet. Genista. | XVIII. LEGUMINOSAE. a7 Heaths and moors. Very general; and on the whole, more abundant in the interior. Hills at Nigg; Stocket and Scotston moors ; Gar- logie moor ; Hill of Fare; Aboyne; Ballater; Crathie ; Castleton. 3. SPARTIUM. BROOM. 1.8. scoparium, Linn. (Common Broom. ) Perennial. Flowers, April to June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—59°; sea level to 2000 feet. Dry waste places. Common. Like the whin, this plant becomes rarer In passing to the more inland districts. It is, however, very lux- uriant about Aboyne, and also at Ballater. From Crathie to Castleton it is scaree, but occurs, though rare, 2 few miles west from the latter. In Glen Muick it ceases with the whin. On Donside it is still luxuriant some distance west of Inverernan, the whin having disappeared several miles lower.* On the cliffs in Glen Callater, Mr. Croall found “a few plants, 10 or 12 inches in length, closely appressed to the rock, and in full flower.” 4, Ononts. ReEstT-HARROW. 1. O. arvensis, Linn. (Common R.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—59°; sea level to 400 feet. * Jn the severe winter of 1855, when the temperature fell to minus 1° F. (at Aberdeen), the whin and broom in all exposed places were killed to the ground. This effect was most conspicu- ous along the coast; probably because these plants attain larger size, and the shelter afforded by the snow is less. The plants were pushing vigorous shoots from the under-ground part, in the following season. 38 XVIII. LEGUMINOSAE. [Ononis. Old pastures and waste places. Very local. K.—At St. Cyrus; Den of Morphie ; and north from Stonehaven, Dr. Stephen. A.—Old-town Links near the brick-work, and on a bank opposite Fintray House, Dr. A. Fleming; links, north of Don-mouth, Mr. P. Macgillivray ; Milltown of Kemnay, and bank of Ury at Inverury, Mr. Burnet ; at Aboyne, Deeside, Stat. Account ; Dungarvan, parish of Leshe, Mr. M‘Donald ; near the mouth of the river Ugie, on the north side, G. D.; links of St. Fergus, Mr. A. Murray. B.—Occasionally on Deveron-side, and Bridge of Banff, Rev. Dr. Todd; in Mortlach, but rare, Dr. L. Stewart. 5. ANTHYLLIS. KIDNEY-VETCH. 1. A. Vulneraria, Linn. (Common K. V.) Perennial. Flowers, July to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2450 feet. Dry pastures and rocks. General in the district. 6. Mepicago. MEeEDICcK. 1. M. lupulina, Linn. (Black M.) Annual. Flowers, May to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58°; sea level to 1200 feet. Fields and waste places. Frequent. Is abundant in Corgarff, at the height above mentioned 7. Trirotium. TREFOIL-CLOVER. 1. T. repens, Linn. (White T. or Dutch C.) Perennial. Flowers, May to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2000 feet. Trifolium. | XVIII. LEGUMINOSAE. 39 Meadows, pastures, &c. Frequent and widely dif- fused ; attains the elevation above mentioned on Morven. 2. T. pratense, Linn. (Purple C.) Perennial. Flowers, May to August. British type. Range in Britam, 50°—61°; sea level to 1250 feet. Meadows and pastures. Frequent. 3. T. medium, Linn. (Zigzag T.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 1000 _ feet. Dry banks and rocky places. Frequent, but rather local. K.—Blackness, Strachan ; Dens of Jackstone, St. Cyrus ; Morphie and Davo, Dr. Stephen ; coast north from Stonehaven, and at Girdleness, G. D. A.—Banks of Dee at Aberdeen ; Den of Maiden- eraig, &c. G. D.; Cluny, Mr. Barron ; Clatt, Rev. J. Minto ; Alford, Rev. Dr. Farquharson ; on the ascent to the Lin Mui, near Ballater, G. D. Not in Corgartt nor Mortlach lists. B.—In parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd. 4. T. arvense, Linn. (Hare’s-foot T.) Annual. Flowers in July and August. British type, (or English.) Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast line to 400 feet. Fields, &c. Rare. K.—On ruins of Dunnottar Castle, G. D. A.—Tillenhilt, and Upper Drumnahoy, Cluny, Mr. Barron ; in Buchan district, Mr. A. Murray. B.—In parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd. 5. T. seabrum, Linn. (Rough T.) 40 XVIII. LEGUMINOSAE. [ Trifolium. Annual. Flowers, May to July. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—57° ; coast only. Maritime pastures. Very rare. K.—Coast at Kaim of Mathers, St. Cyrus; at Dunnottar, by the footpath to the castle, Dr. Stephen. 6. T. procumbens, Linn. (Hop T.) Annual. Flowers in July and August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60°; sea level to 500 feet. Dry pastures, &c. Frequent; especially in the lower parts of the district. 7. T. filiforme, Linn. (Slender yellow T.) Annual. Flowers in June and July. British type, (or English.) Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; sea level to 500 feet ? Pastures and waste places. Frequent ; scarcer in inland parts. Rare in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart 8. Lotus. Brrp’s-Foot TREFOIL. 1. L. corniculatus, Linn. (Common B.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; sea level to 1900 feet ? Pastures and banks. General, and frequent. 2. L. major, Scop. (Large B.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. British type, (or English.) Range in Britain, 50°—58°; sea level to 500 feet. Sides of streams, ditches, &. Frequent, but not common. K.—At Cove, Nigg, &c., &e., G. D. A.—Banks of Dee and Don; Stocket and Scotston moors, &e., &e, G. D.; Alford, Rev. J. Minto. Not in Corgarff list. Lotus. | XVIII. LEGUMINOSAE. 4] B.— Below the Den at Linhead, in Alvah, rare, Rey. Dr. Todd. Not in list of Mortlach plants. 9, Astracauus. MiLK-VEtTcH. 1. A. glycyphyllus, Linn. (Sweet M. V.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. Germanic type, (or British.) Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; coast. chiefly. Woods and bushy places. Very rare in this district. K.— Cliffs at St. Cyrus, Dr. Stephen ; Thornyhive, near Dunnottar Castle, Dr. A. Fleming, where it grew 100 years ago, “‘Solummodo inveni in rupibus Thorny- hive, prope Dunnottar,’ Skene MSS. A.—Den of Boyne, Mr. A. Murray. 2. A. hypoglottis, Linn. (Purple Mountain M. V.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. Germanic type, (or British.) Range in Britain, 51°—58° ; coast line only. Dry grassy banks. Very local. K.—Coast at Benholme, Stat. Account. Abundant at the Cove ; Burnbanks; and north end of Bay of Nigg, G. D. A.—“ South-east corner of the Broadhill in links at Aberdeen,” Dr. D. Skene. It is still there in small quantity. 3. A. alpinus, Linn. (Alpine M. V.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. Highland type. Range in Britain, 56°—58°; 2400 to 2600 feet. A. Upon the face of a hill called Little Craigendal, north-west of the House of Invercauld in Braemar. This interesting addition to the Flora of our county was made some years ago by Professor Balfour. 42 XVIII. LEGUMINOSAE. [ Vicia. 10. Victa. VetcH. Tare. 1. V. lathyroides, Linn. (Spring V.) Annual. Flowers, April to June. British type? Range in Britain, 50°—58°; coast line. Sandy pastures. Very local. K.—Coast at St. Cyrus, Stat. Account. A.—Formerly on the Inch at Aberdeen, G. D. ‘ Solummodo inveni in campis nostris maritimis,” Skene MSS.; it is still very plentiful in the links north of the Broadhill, G. D. Links at Cruden, Mr. A. Murray. B.—In Alvah, but not common, Rev. Dr. Todd. ZA. Ve sativa, inne (Common V.) Annual. Flowers in May and June. British type, (or English.) Range in Britain, 50°—59°; sea level to 500 feet. Pastures and waste places. Frequent, but not common. Var. B, angustifolia is found on the coast at St. Cyrus ; north of the Dee, a mile above the old bridge ; sandhills east of the Preventive Station at Don-mouth ; at Aberdour. In Alvah, and in Mortlach. 3. V. sepium, Linn. (Bush V.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; sea level to 1800 feet. Woods and shady places. General and common. 4. V. lutea, Linn. (Rough-podded yellow V.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. English type ? Range in Britain, 50°—57° ; coast only. Stony and rocky banks. Very rare. K.—On the north bank of the river North Esk, near the sea, Dr. A. Murray ; St. Cyrus cliffs, near the Vicia.] XVIII. LEGUMINOSAE. 43 cave at Nether Warburton, and at the base of the cliffs, Dr. Stephen. 5. V. Cracca, Linn. (Tufted V.) Perennial. Flowers, June to September. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2000 feet? Bushy places and banks. General in this district. 6. V. sylvatica, Linn. (Wood V.) Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type? Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; sea level to 1500 feet. In woods and upon shady rocks. Widely diffused, but not a common plant. K.—Abundant on the Cliffs at St. Cyrus, Dr. Stephen. Coast at Johnshaven ; Dunnottar ; Muchalls ; the Cove, &c., G. D. A.—Strathdon, Mr. Barron. Falls of the Glassilt, head of Loch Muick ; in the wood south-west from Balmoral Castle ; Braemar, G. D. Cruden, Mr. A. Murray ; Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner. B.—Coast at Gamrie, Rev. G. Gairdner. 7. V. hirsuta, Koch. (Hairy V.) Annual. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—60° ; 50 to 500 feet. Waste places. Not common. K.—Stony beach at Den Fenella, &c. Dr. Stephen. A.—Near Aberdeen, at Robslaw Quarry ; north side of the Don, near the sea, &c. G. D. Reported as grow- ing in Cluny, Alford, Aberdour, &c. B.—In Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd ; in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 11. OrnitHoPuUsS. Brrp’s- Foot. 1. O. perpusillus, Linn. (Common B. F.) +4 XVII. LEGUMINOSAE. [Ornithopus. Annual. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—58°; local. Dry sandy and gravelly soil. Very rare. B.—Formerly on dry pastures, farm of Boghead, lying between the mill-dam of Nether Mindon, and the public road, parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd. 12. Latayrus. VETCHLING. EVERLASTING-PEA. 1. L. pratensis, Linn. (Meadow Vetchling.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. British type. Range in Britain, 60°—61° ; sea level to 1200 feet. Meadows and pastures. Common.” Attains the above elevation in Corgarff. 13. Ornosus. Brirrer-VETCH. 1. O. tuberosus, Linn. (Tuberous B. V.) Perennial. Flowers in May and June. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; sea level to 2000 feet. Moors and mountain pastures. General. ORDER XIX.—ROSACEAE. 1. Prunus. PuumM anp CHERRY. 1. P. communis, Hudson. (Common P.) Var. a, spinosa, (P. spinosa, Linn.) (The Sloe.) * VL. sylvestris, Linn. is reported as found by the late Dr. Stephen, at St. Cyrus’ cliffs, on the west side of the cave at North Warburton, with Vicia lutea. The Scottish localities for this plant are all rather suspicious, and therefore the plant is for the present excluded from the list. Prunus. | XIX. ROSACEAE. 45 Perennial. Flowers in April and May. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—59°; coast line to 700 feet. Rocky places, &c. Widely diffused, but not common. K.—Kincardineshire coast, at the Cove, &c. A.—North bank of Don at the old bridge, G. D. ; steep bank at Church of Peterculter, Dr. a Smith ; woods of Cordach at Kincardine O’N eil, Mr. Barron : near Dee Castle, and at Ballater, G. Dee in Rhynie, Rev. J. Minto ; Den of Gight, G. D. ; coast at Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner. B.—Deveron-side, Rev. J. Abel ; braes of Mount- coffer and Inverkeithny, Rev. Dr. Todd ; in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 2. P. Padus, Linn. (Bird-Cherry.) Perennial. Flowers in May. British type. Range in Britain, 51°—59° ; from 50 to 1000 feet. Woods, &c. Very local. K.—Road-side near Kingcausie, and in the Corbie Den; G. D. A.—At Parkhill, G. D.; Craibstone, Mr. P. Mac- gillivray ; about Ballater, and banks of Dee at Castle- ton, G. D. ; in Strathdon, Mr. Barron. B.—Den at Linhead, Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd ; in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. 2. SPIRAEA. MEADOW-SWEET. 1. S. Ulmaria, Linn. Perennial. Flowers, June to August. British type. Range in Britain, 50°—61°; coast line to 2400 feet ? Meadows and moist banks. Generally diffused. 46 XIX. ROSACEAE. [Dryas. 3. Dryas. Dryas. 1. D. octopetala, Linn. (White D.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. Highland type. Range in Britain, 54°—60°; 2400 to 2700 feet. High inland pastures and rocks. Rare. A.—On Lochnagar, Mr. R. Mackay; Little Gianna dall, G. D.; on Ben Avon, Ben-a-Buird, and Ben Macdui, Mr. R. Mackay. 4, Geum. AVENS. 1. G. urbanum, Linn. (Common A.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. British type, (or English.) Range in Britain, 50°—58° ; 50 to 500 feet. Woods and hedges. Rather general here, but far from common. K.—Road-side, near Kingcausie, G. D. A.—Formerly at the Stocket, G. D. ; woods of Lairney, Mr. Barron ; in Alford, Rev. Dr. Farquhar- son ; more plentiful in Alford than the next species ; Den of Craig, Rev. J. Minto ; Cobairdy, Frendraught, and Avochie woods, Rev. J. Abel; Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner. . B.—Abundant in parish of Alvah, Rev. Dr. Todd ; in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart ; in Rothiemay, Rev. J. Abel. | 2. G. rivale, Linn. (Water A.) Perennial. Flowers, May to July. British type, (or Scottish.) Range in Britain, 50°—60°; 50 to 2000 feet ? By sides of rivers and in wet places. General, but not common. Geum. ] XTX. ROSACEAE. 47 K.—Corbie Den, Maryculter, G. D. A.—Wood at the old Bridge of Don, and occa- sionally along the courses of both Dee and Don, G. D. ; woods of Midmar, and in Corgarff, Mr. Barron ; banks of Dee at Ballater, G. D.; Alford, Rev. J. Minto ; frequent on Deveron-side, Rev. J. Abel ; Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner. B.—Near Bridge of Alvah, but rare, Rev. Dr. Todd ; not common in Mortlach, Dr. L. Stewart. uv. ww 5. Rusus. BRAMBLE, RASPBERRY.’ 1. R. Idaeus, Linn. (Common RB.) Perennial. Flowers in June and July. British type. Range in Brita, 50°—60° ; coast to 1800 feet. Woods and waste places. Frequent ; and general. In the Ballater district is often met with at the above altitude ; as in Corry Rath, opposite Mount Keen ; Fall of the Glassilt, head of Loch Muick, &c. 2. R. suberectus, And. (Upright B.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. Scottish type. Range in Britain, 53°—59°; coast line to 1300 feet. Thickets and waste places. So far as yet known, a local species. A.—North bank of the Dee, a mile above the old bridge, G. D. ; Castleton, Braemar, Prof. Macgillivray ; parish of Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner. 3. R. corylifolius, Smith. (Hazel-leaved B.) * The species of this genus have given rise to much difference of opinion among our authorities. It is to be feared that many varieties have been ranked as species. We regret the impossibility, a present, of giving a more satisfactory account of those in this istrict. ’ 48 XIX. ROSACEAE. { Rubus. Perennial. Flowers in July and August. English type ? Range in Britain, 50°—60°; coast line to 1000 feet ? Hedges and waste places. General. A species under this name, reported from most parts of the | | district. 4, KR. fruticosus, Linn. (Common B.) Perennial. Flowers in July and August. English type. Range in Britain, 50°—57° ; coast line to 500 feet ? Thickets and wastes. General. OXamithiidinmm <2 s.4. a | AL 16 15 To the late Mr. P. Grant I am indebted for the following list of species, collected in the interior of Banffshire and on its borders. 1.—Near Loch Builg. Closterium Khrenbergii, C. moniliferum, C. striolatum. Cosmarium Botrytis, C. crenatum. EKuastrum affine, E. gemmatum. Scenedesmus qguadricauda. Staurastrum orbiculare. Tetmemorus granulatus. I1.—Glenlivat, altitude unknown. Closterium acerosum, C. Lunula, ©. lineatum. Cosmarium Botrytis, C. margaritiferum. Penium Digitus. Scenedesmus qguadricaudatus. Tetmemorus granulatus. Xanthidium furcatum. III.—Source of the Alyniach, at 3000 feet, more or less. Closterium Dianae, C. Lunula, C. moniliferum. Cosmarium Botrytis, C. Cucurbita, C. quadratum. Desmidium Swartzi. Didymoprium Borreri. EKuastrum Didelta, E. pectinatum, BE. affine, E. oblongum, B. cras- sum, E. rostratum, E. elegans, E. verrucosum. Micrasterias rotata. Pediastrum angulosum, P. ellipticewm. x 306 XXI. ULVACEAE. [Lnteromopha. Penium Digitus, P. Brebissonii. Scenedesmus quadriseriatus. Staurastrum paradoxum. Tetmemorus Brebissonit. XXI.—ULVACEAE. 90. ENTEROMORPHA. 1. E. intestinalis, Link. Common along the coast between tide-marks, and also in the estuaries of the different rivers. 2. E. compressa, Greville. Common along with the last species. 3. HE. erecta, Hooker. Occasionally between high and low-water marks. Var. ramulosa. At Peterhead, Rev. J. Yuill and Mr. Bell. Oa AS VAS 1. U. latissima, Linn. Common at various depths along the whole coast. 2. U. Lactuca, Linn. Rather local. Peterhead, Rev. J. Yuill and Mr. Bell. 3. U. Linza, Linn. Occasionally along the coast between tide-marks. 4. U. bullosa, Roth. Fresh water pools in the Jinks, north from the Broadhill, May, 1840, and July, 1843, G. D. 5. U. crispa, Lightfoot. Frequent on damp ground by the sides of walls, &c. Abundant by the side of a wall at Carden’s well, near Aber- deen, G. D. Var. furfuracea. On damp rocks, south bank of the Don, east from the old bridge, G. D. 6. U. calophylla, Sprengel. Abundant on stones, where the water issues from Gilcom- ston dam ; April, 1842, and March, 1845, G. D. 99. TETRASPORA. 1. T. lubrica, Agardh. Pools in the Old-town Links ; in the Denburn at Cardens, &c. G. D. In Braediach moss, parish of Skene. On the Hill Porphyra.] XXII ULVACEAE. 307 of Fare I have found a variety of it, which may, perhaps, be the T. gelatinosa of authors, G. D. 93. PORPHYRA. 1. P. laciniata, Agardh. Very common everywhere on the coast. 2. P. vulgaris, Agardh. Abundant between tide-marks. Var. linearis, is plentiful on boulders in the bay of Nigg. 94, BANGtA. 1. B. fusco-purpurea, Lyngb. Abundant on boulders, near high-water mark in bay of Nigg, G. D. ; Peterhead, Rev. J. Yuill and Mr. Bell; Mac- duff, Rev. W. Grigor. 2. B. ceramicola, Chauvin. On smaller Algae, between tide-marks. Rare. Peterhead, Rev. J. Yuill and Mr. Bell. XO "RPV UALR EACH AR: 95. RivuLARIA. : e 1. R. atra, Roth. On Corallina officinalis, Cladophora rupestris, and some- times on Ralfsia deusta ; at the Cove, and other parts of the same coast, G. D. 2. R. viridis, Hassall. in pools, Robslaw quarry. Probably the same species occurs in the interior at high altitudes ; Craigendall and Glen Derry. G. D. 3. R. echinulata, Berkeley ? This beautiful species I found abundantly in the Corbie Loch, some miles north from Aberdeen, in July, 1847. It was in such profusion, along with Trichormus Flos-aque, as to tinge the waters of the Lake. 96. STIGONEMA. l. S. atro-virens, Agardh. Abundant on dripping rocks at Pannanich, near Baliater ; and near farm of Achallater, Glen Clunie, Castleton, G. D. 2. S. mammillosum, Agardh. 308 XXIL RIVULARIACEAE. [Scytonema. Moist rocks on the Hill of Fare, and near Achallater, Braemar, G. D. 97. ScYTONEMA. 1. 8. ocellatum, Harvey. Upon mosses, &c.; at Loch Etichan, on Ben Macdui, GB. 2. S. myochrous, Agardh. Abundant in wet places on the Hill of Fare, G. D. 98. PETALONEMA. 1. P. alatum, Berkeley. Wet cliffs on the coast, south from Aberdeen, G. D. 99. CALOTHRIX. 1. C. scopulorum, Agardh. Rocks, near high-water mark. Bay of Gamrie, Rev. G. Harris and G. D. 2. C. confervicola, Agardh. Upon various of the smaller Algae, between tide-marks ; at the Cove and elsewhere, G. D. 3. C. mirabilis, Agardh. Wet rocks at the fall, Corbie Den, Kingcausie, G. D. 100. ToLypoTHRIx. 1. T. distorta, Kiitzing. Upon sticks, &. at the water-fall in Corbie Den, King- causie ; in the dripping cave, a little south from the harbour at the Cove, G. D. Pools on summit of Craigendarroch, at Ballater ; in the lake, east side of Lochnagar, G. D. 101. Lynesya. 1. L. copulata, Hassall. Abundant in a spring-well by the sheep-path, north side of Glen Callater, opposite the gamekeeper’s house ; also on the table land above Glen Callater, at an elevation of 3000 feet, August, 1846, G. D. 2. L. ferruginea, Agardh. In shallow pools at high-water mark, near the lighthouse at Girdleness, and at the Altons, two miles south from Bay of Nigg. . L. Carmichaelii, Harvey, On sea weeds between tide-marks, at Girdleness, Bay of Nigg, &e. G. D. Oscillatoria.] XXIM. OSCILLATORIACEAE. 309 4. L. speciosa, Carmichael. On rocks, &c. between tide-marks, Girdleness, &c. G. D. 5. L. zonata, Hassall. On wet rocks. Probably general. Coast at the Cove ; at Linn of Dee ; on Lochnagar. 6. L. floccosa, Hassall. In rivulets. Kinmundy, parish of Skene; Hill of Fare, upon Lemania fluviatilis. XXITI.—OSCILLATORIACEAE. 102. OscILLATORIA. 1. O. aerugescens, Agardh. Bottom of pools by the road-side at Stocket moor, G. D. 2. O. autumnalis, Agardh. Abundant in rivulets near Aberdeen, G. D. 3. O. rupestris, Agardh. On dripping rocks near Ballater ; on Pannanich cliffs and Lochnagar, G. D. 4. QO. terebriformis, Agardh. In marshes near Aberdeen, G. D. 5. O. Dickieti, Hassall. In pools of fresh water at the bottom of the cliffs, and near the sea, a little south from the harbour at the Cove, G. D. 6. O. nigra, Carmichael. Loch Etichan, on ascent to Ben Macdui, G. D. 103. Microcorzvs. 1. M. gracilis, Hassall. In salt marshes at Aberdeen, 1844. The exact locality was not recorded, but it was probably at north end of the Old-town Links, G. D. 104. SprRULINa. 1. S. tenuissima, Kiitzing. Upon mud at Don-mouth, July, 1843; also at low-water mark upon the Inch at Aberdeen, July, 1845. Very fine and plentiful in a cave upon the coast, a little north from the salmon fishing station at the Altons, south from Bay of Nigg, Mr. P. Grant; where I have repeatedly gathered this very singular plant. 310 XXIV. NOSTOCHINEAE. [| Nostoc. XXITV.—NOSTOCHINEAE. 105. Nostoc. 1. N. commune, Vaucher. Lin Mui near Ballater, at 1700 feet ; and at Dunnottar, G. D. 2. N. foliaceum, Agardh. On damp ground at Robslaw quarry; also on Lochnagar, about 3000 feet, G. D. 3. N. sphaericum, Vaucher. On stones in a rivulet, Craigendall, at 2000 feet, G. D. 4. verrucosum, Vaucher. On stones in rivulets, Aberdeen and inland, G. D. 106. SPHAEROZYGA. 1. 8. Jacobi, Agardh. In wet places by the Stocket road, west from Summerhill, G. D. 107. TRiIcHORMUS. 1. 'T. Hlos-aque, Lyngb. Observed in Corbie Loch, in 1846, 1847, and 1848. Hor some years excursions were made with the students of my botanical class to a loch on the estate of Parkhill, about four miles north-west from Aberdeen. The sheet of water in question is about a quarter of a mile in its greatest length; on almost all sides it is surrounded by extensive deposits of peat, with the soluble matter of which a great proportion of the water passing into the loch is impregnated. The loch abounds in Serpus lacustris, Arundo Phragmites, Nuphar lutea, Nymphea alba, and various species of Potamogeton, &c. The locality was generally visited in the beginning of July; nothing peculiar had ever been observed till the summer of 1846, when my attention was arrested by a peculiar appearance of the water, especially near the edge, but extending also some distance into the loch. Numerous minute bodies with a spherical outline, and varying in size from 1-24th to 1-12th of an inch in diameter, were seen floating at different depths, and giving the water a peculiar appearance. In some places they were very densely congregated, especially in small creeks at the edge of the loch. A quantity was collected by filtration through a piece of cloth, and, on examination by the microscope, there could be no doubt that the production was of «a vegetable nature and a species of fivularia; one, however, un- known to me, and not agreeing with the description of any species described in works to which I had access. Specimens were sent to the Rey. M. J. Berkeley; he informed me that the plant belonged Palmella. | XXV. PALMELLACEAE. 3li to the genus mentioned, and stated it to be Riwwularia echinulata, E. B. Along with it, but in very small quantity, I also found another plant, the T’richormus Flos-aquae, Bory. In the first week of July, 1847, the same species were observed similarly associated, but the T’richormus was now more plentiful, without, however, any apparent corresponding diminution in the quantity of the Rivularia. In July, 1848, it was observed that the Rivularia was as rare as the Trichormus had been in 1846; to the latter consequently the water of the loch now owed its colour, which was a very dull green; the colour, however, becomes brighter when the plant is dried. In neither of the seasons mentioned was it in my power to make any observations on the colour of the loch earlier or later than the date above-mentioned, consequently nothing can be added respecting the comparative development of the two plants at other periods of the season. Other two lochs in the vicinity did not contain the plants alluded to. 108. CYLINDROSPERMUM. 1. C. catenatum, Ralfs. Wet places, side of the road at south-end of Stocket moor, September, 1852, G. D. 109. DoticHosPERMUM. 1. D. Ralfsit, Kittzing. _ Bottom of pools at the Stocket moor, September, 1852, Geb. XXV.—PALMELLACEAE, 110. PatMenua. l. P. cruenta, Agardh. In the form of a red crust on damp walls and on the ground. Beneath the portico i King’s College, and else- where near Aberdeen. 111. Sorospora. 1. S. montana, Hassall. On dripping rocks, a little west from the farm of Achal- later, in Glen Clunie, Castleton ; and on Little Craigendall. 112. CoccocHLoris. 1. C. protuberans, Sprengel. Among damp mosses, &c., in Den of Maidencraig; on Pannanich cliffs, and rocks at Achallater, G. D. 2. C. muscicola, Meneghini. On wet mosses, Den of Maidencraig, G. D. 312 XXVI. PROTOCOCCEAE. [| Haematococeus. XXVI.—PROTOCOCCEAE. 113. Harmatococcus. 1. H. murorum, Hassall. On damp walls, Aberdeen, G. D. 2. H. rupestris, Hassall. Moist rocks on the coast at the Cove, G. D. 3. H. granosus, Harvey. Moist rocks at the Cove, G. D. 4. H. lividus, Hassall. Very abundant in a dripping cave half-a-mile north from the Cove. 5. H. binalis, Hassall. Very abundant everywhere, in pools, &c. mixed with other Algae. Found also at high altitudes in the interior ; top of Craigendarroch ; Ben Macdui, at 2800 feet, G. D. 6. H. furfuraceus, Hassall. Along with H. frustulosus, G. D. 114. Prorococcus. 1. P. nivalis, Agardh. Upon snow, near the summit of Ben Macdui, in 1846. This is the Red Snow Plant, so plentiful in the Arctic Zone ; it seems very rare in this quarter, I have only seen it in the locality and in the year above mentioned. The following notes of some of the preceding ALGAE observed at different altitudes in the interior, appear worthy of a place here. J,—Pannanich cliffs, at about 1100 feet. Coccochloris protuberans, Hematococcus murorum, Oscillatoria rupestris ? Stigonema atrovirens. I{.—Craigendarroch, about 1300 feet. Hassallia ocellata, Heematococcus binalis, Tetraspora lubrica, Tolypothrix distorta, Zygogonium ericetorum. Ii1.—Khoil, at 1600 feet. Draparnaldia glomerata, Heematococcus binalis, Nostoc commune, N. sphericum, Oscillatoria IV.—Lochnagar, at 2000 feet Hassallia ocellata, Heematococcus binalis, Lyngbya zonata. Protococcus. | XXVI. PROTOCOCCEAE. 3135 V.—Lake of Lochnagar, 2563 feet. Bulbocheete setigera, Hassallia ocellatu, Tolypothrix distorta ; in bogey places near the lake, Hematococcus binalis. VI.—Lochnagar, at 2600 feet. Hematococcus binalis, and Zygnema ——-—— ? VII.—Lochnagar, at 3600 feet Hematococcus binalis, Lyngbya zonata, Nostoc commune, and Oscillatoria ? VIII.—WNear Loch Etichan, at 2800 feet. Hassallia ocellata, Heematococcus binalis, Stigonema mammillosum, Tetraspora lubrica ; in the loch, Conferva ericetorum, Oscil- latoria nigra, and Scytonema MMyochrous, the latter, along with Jungermanuia emarginata, was in great profusion, covering the stones in the bottom. 1X.—Near Linn of Dee, about 1190 feet. Draparnaldia glomerata and Lyngbya zonata. X.—Near Castleton of Braemar, about 1100 feet. Coccochloris protuberans, Sorospora montana, Stigonema atro- VUTens. XI.—On the table-land, north side ef Loch Callater, in a spring, was found abundantly Lyngbya copulata ; the altitude was not measured, but estimated as about 3000 feet. XIT.—Little Craigendall, at about 2064 feet. Nostoce sphaericum. XIII.—Little Craigendall, at 2400 feet. Bulbochete setigera, Hassallia ocellata, Hematococcus binalis, H. rupestris, Raphidia viridis, Sorospora montana. XX VIT.—DIATOMACEAE. The following species have been found in different parts of the district, and many others may yet be expected to occur. The names are adopted from the late Professor Smith’s mono- graph of the British species. Many are usually associated in suitable habitats, and therefore the special localities of a few have alone been indicated, the supplemental list in some de- gree compensates for this. Dripping rocks, marshes, &c. on the coast and everywhere in the district will be found rich in species. With a few exceptions they are widely diffused ; those of the genus Hunotia are, however, mainly confined to the higher inland parts. 314 XXVII. DIATOMACEAE. [HL pithemia 115. EpirHenMtia. E. turgida, E. Argus, E. rupestris, E. gibba, E. ventricosa, EK. Zebra, HK. longicornis, EH. Westermanni, EK. granulata, HE. alpestris. 116. Eunotta. E. monodon, E. diodon, K. triodon, K. tetraodon, K. Arcus, K. bidentula, E. tridentula, EK. quaternaria, HE. incisa, E. gracilis, E. Camelus. 117. CyMBELLA. C. Hhrenbergii, C. cuspidata, C. maculata, C. Helvetica, C. Scotica, C. ventricosa, C. aequalis, C. lunata, C. afjinis. 118. AMPHORA. A. ovalis, A. membranacea, A. affinis, A. hyalina. 119. CocconzIs. C. Pediculus, C. Placentula, C. Thwaitesii, C. Scutellum. 120. Coscinopiscus. C. minor, C. radiatus, C. eecentricus. 121. ActTInocycLus. A. undulatus. 122. CYcLOTELLA. C. antiqua, C. Kutzingiana, C. operculata. 123. CAMPYLODISCUS. C. costatus, C. spiralis. 124. SuRIRELLA. 8. biseriata, S. linearis, 8. splendida, 8. constricta, 8. Gemma, S. ovata, S. salina. 125. CYMATOPLEURA. C. elliptica, C. apiculata, C. solea. 126. Nivzscuta. N. sigmoidea, N. sigma, N. linearis, N. acicularis, N. curvula. 127. AMPHIPRORA. A. alata. 128. AMPHIPLEURA. A. pellucida, forming large sheets, with a metailic lustre, in fresh-water ditches, at Kinmundy, parish of Skene. Navicula.} XXVIIL DIATOMACEAE. 315 129. NAVICULA. N. rhomboides, N. crassinervia, N. serians, N. cuspidata, N. jirma, N. ovalis, N. semen, N. liber, N. inflata, N. gibberula, N. amphirhyncus, N. elliptica, N. elegans, N. patula, N. pune- tulata, N. didyma, N. cocconeiformis, N. angustata, N. crypto- cephata. 130. PinnuLARIA. P. nobilis, P. major, P. viridis, P. acuminata, P. oblonga, P. lata, P. alpina, P. acuta, P. radiosa, P. divergens, P. stau- roneiformis, P. gibba, P. mesolepta, P. interrupta, P. borealis, P. gracillima, P. nodosa, P. hemiptera, P. late-striata, P. tenuis, P. gracilis, P. peregrina. 131. SravRoNeIs. S. Phoenicenteron, 8. acuta, S. dilatata, 8. anceps, 8. line- aris, S. punctata, S. gracilis. 132. PLEUROSIGMA. P. angulatum, P. attenuatum, P. lacustre. 133. SYNEDRA. _ 8. lunaris, 8. pulchella, 8. radians, 8. Ulna, 8. capitata, S. affinis. 134. CoccoNEMa. C. lanceolatum, C. cymbiforme, C. cistula. 135. DorypHora. D. Amphiceros. 136. GoMPHONEMA. G. geminatum, G. constrictum, G. acuminatum, G. dicho- tomum, G. vibrio, G. curvatum, G. marinum, G. capitatum, G. ventricosum, G. insigne, G. tenellum, G. olivaceum, G. intrica- tum. 137. RHIPIDOPHORA. R. paradoxa, R. Dalmatica, R. elongata. 138. LicmMopPHoRa. L. flabellata. 139. Meripion. M. cireulare. Very abundant in the ditches and pools in the Old Aberdeen Links. M. constrictum. With the last. Both occur in Braemar also. 316 XXVIL DIATOMACEAE. | Hunantidium. 140. Himantipium. H. pectinale, H. undulatum, H. Arcus, H. gracile, H. MajUs. 141. Opontripium. O. hyemale, O. mesodon, O. anomalum, O. mutabile, O. Tabellaria, O. Harrisonii. 142. Denticu.a. D. obtusa, D. tenuis, D. sinuata. 143. FRagimartia. F. capucina, F. virescens. 144, ACHNANTHES. A. longipes, A. brevipes, A. exilis, A. subsessilis. 145. ACHNANTHIDIUM. A. ianceolatum, A. microcephalum, A. flexellwim. 146. RHABDONEMA. R. arcuatum, R. minutum. 147. DiatToma. D. vulgare, D. elongatum. D. tewue. 148. ASTERIONELLA. A. formosa. In a spring well near Walker’s dam, at Robslaw. 149. GRAMMATOPHORA. G. marina. 150. DIATOMELLA. D. Baljfouriana. Alpine marshes. 151. TABELLARIA. T. jflocculosa, T. fenestrata. 152. Poposira. P. Montagne. 153. MELosIRa. M. nuwmmuloides, M. Borreri, M. subjflexilis, M. varians, M. | nivalis, M. distans. | 154. ORTHOSIRA, O. arenaria, O. marina, O. orichalcea. O. Dickieii. Very abundant, in the form of a greenish Orthosira. | XXVIII. DIATOMACEAE. 317 pulpy mud, on dripping rocks in a small cave a httle south trom the boat-harbour at the Cove, near Aberdeen. The only locality known. O. spinosa. Along with the last. Very abundant, and unmixed, on dripping rocks in a cave a little north from the harbour at Skaterow, near Newtonhill station, Scottish North Eastern line. It occurs also in Braemar. 155. DIcKIEIA. D. ulvoides, Ralfs. Very rare. In shallow rock pools about low-water mark, opposite the cave where O. Dickieii occurs. In April and May only. D. pinnata, Ralfs. Along with the last, and more abundant than it. 156. ScHIZONEMA. i. S. helmintosum, Chauv. In pools at low-water mark, opposite the small cave at the Cove, and in other similar places. Abundant. 2. S. comoides, Agardh. Very common in rock pools between tide-marks, at Bay of Nigg, &. &e. 3. S. confertum, Smith. At Cove, along with S. helmintosum ; also at high-water mark opposite the hut at north end of Bay of Nigg. 4.8. Grevillit, Agardh. Very rare. At Girdleness, once only a few fragments. 5. 8. molle, Smith. Coast south from Aberdeen, 6. 8. Dilwynii, Agardh. Very abundant at Girdleness, Cove, &c. G. D. Peterhead, Rev. J. Yuill. 7. 8. parasiticum, Harvey. Upon Corallina officinalis, &c. at Bay of Nigg, Cove, &c. SUPPLEMENTAL LISTS. Cave at north end of Skaterow harbour. Hpithemia rupestris, Denticula obtusa, Odontidium mutadile, Cocconeis Thwaitesii, Navicula elliptica, N. Smithii, Pinnu- laria gracilis, Orthosira spinosa, Mr. P. Gray, Mr. H. A. Smith, and G. D. 318 XXVII. DIATOMACEAE. Cave at the Cove. Achnanthidium microcephalum, Fragilaria virescens, Orthosira Dickie, O. spinosa. Dripping rocks at the Cove. Cocconema crstula, Cymbella ventricosa, Denticula obtusa. In a slightly brackish pool close by the sea, and half-a-mile north from Girdleness lighthouse. Epithemia granulata, Nitzschia acicularis, N. gracilis, Melosira subflewilis, Fragilaria virescens. In a spring-well a little north from the last. Achnanthidium lanceolatum, Diatoma elongatum, Fragilaria vires- cens, Odontidium mesodon, O. mutabile, Orthosira orichaicea. The following are given on the authority of the late Dr. Stephen. Den Fenella, St. Cyrus. Cocconeis pediculus, Diatoma vulgare, Cocconema cymbiforme, C. lanceolatum, Surirella ovata, Synedra radians, Nitzschia linearis, N. sigmoidea, Cymatopleura apiculata, Melosira varians, Fragilaria capucina, Gomphonema constrictum, G. curvatum, G. acuminatum. Glen of Dye, Strachan. Himantidium gracile, H. Arcus, H. undulatwm, Navicula rhom- boides, N. serians, Pinnularia viridis, Eunotia tetraodon, Meio- sira varians, Pinnularia acuta, P. peregrina, Tabellaria floc- culosa. At Girdleness, (marine. ) Rhabdonema arcuatum, R. minutum, Rhipidophora elongata, Licmophora flabellata, Cocconeis scutellum, Gomphonema marinum, Grammatophora marina, Orthosira marina, Podo- sira Montagne. Mud from the south side of the Dee, at Aberdeen, near Wel- lington bridge. Orthosira marina, Actinocyclus undulatus, Surirella ovata, S. salina, S. Gemma, Pleurosigma attenuatum, Achnanthes brevipes, Navicula elegans, N. didyma, Pinnularia peregrina, P. gracilis, Amphora affinis, Doryphora amphiccros, Amphi- prora alata, Coscinodiscus minor, C. eccentricus, C. radiatus, Surirella constricta. XX VIiI.—VOLVOCINHAE. The singular and beautiful objects of this family, formerly ranked as animals, are now removed to the vegetable kingdom. Agaricus. | I. HYMENOMYCETES. 319 } 157. Vouvox. 1. V. globator, Ehr. In pools by the side of the new Stocket road, near the rivulet and bridge, half-a-mile west from Summerhill. In the months of June, July, and August, the late Mr. P. Grant and GD: FUNGI MUSHROOMS.* L.—HYMENOMYCETES. 1. AGARICUS. 1. A. vaginatus, Bull. (Sheathed A.) Very local. In the woods by the Skene road, half-a-mile west from Robslaw quarry. August to October ? 2. A. nivalis, Grev. (Alpine A.) In alpine places. Autumn. On Ben Macdui, G. D. ; on Lochnagar, Professor Macgillivray. 3. A. muscarius, Linn. (Fly A.) In woods. August to November. Very frequent and abundant in woods near Aberdeen, as Hazelhead, Denmore. August and September. 4, A. excelsus, Fries. (Tali fly A.) In woods. August to September. Rather local. In the wood south-west from Banchory House. 5. A. granulosus, Batsch. (Granulose A. ) Frequent in woods near Aberdeen, Hazelhead, &. In Autumn. 6. A. olivaceo-albus, Fries. (Olive and white A.) Woods by the Skene road, west from Robslaw qurry. September and October ? 7. A. hypothejus, Fries. (Yellow, slimy A.) Woods, along with the last. October and November ? * The following notes of Fungi are founded on specimens In my own collection. Doubtless many other species grow in the district; aud indeed not afew have been omitted, because not satisfactorily authenticated. The nomenclature and arrangement are adopted from the volume by Rev. M. J. Berkeley, forming vol. V. part 2, of the ‘‘ English Flora,” by Sir W. J. Hooker. 320 I. HYMENOMYCETES. Agaricus. 8. A. rutilans, Schoeff. (Crimson-red, downy A. ) In woods upon dead stumps. September and October. Wood at Pitfodels. 9. A. luteus, Huds. (Yellow A.) In woods. Autumn. Den of Robslaw. 10. A. emeticus, Schoeff. (Stmple-gilled A. ) Frequent in woods. Hazelhead, Den of Leggart, Den- more, &c. 1]. A. deliciosus, Linn. (Orange-milked A. ) Fir woods at Hazelhead. 12. A. quietus, Fries. (Mild rufous A.) In woods. Autumn. MHazelhead and other places. Fre- quent. 13. A. glyciosmus, Fries. (Sweet-scented A. ) In Fir woods. September and October. Hazelhead woods. 14. A. infundibuliformis, Bull. (Variable, wood A.) In woods among grass, &. August to October. Den of Leggart. 15. A. nebulosus, Batsch. (New-cheese A. ) Rather local. Den of Leggart, under Fir trees. 16. A. dealbatus, Sowerby. (Dirty-white A. ) In pastures, &c. Autumn. About old whin stumps in Old-town Links. 17. A. pratensis, Pers. (Reddish, field A.) Grassy pastures. Belhelvie links. 18. A. psittacinus, Schoeff. (Parroquet A. ) Pastures. September to November. Links at Aberdeen and Belhelvie. 19. A. ceraceus, Wulf. ( Wazx-like A. ) Pastures. July to November. Old-town Links. 20. A. conicus, Schoeff. (Conic, black-stained A. ) Pastures, &. September to November. Den of Leggart. 21. A. miniatus, Fries. (Dry, scarlet A. ) Moist woods, &. July to August. Old-town Links. 22. A. laccatus, Scop. (Lake A.) In woods. June to November. Hazelhead woods. Agaricus. | I. HYMENOMYCETES. 321 23. A. sulphureus, Bull. (Brimstone A.) In woods. September to November. Very local. In the wood at Middleton,. near Aberdeen 24, A. fusipes, Bull. (Spindle-stemmed A. ) On stumps of trees. July to August. Very frequent. 25. A. confluens, Pers. (Confluent, hoary A.) Woods. August to October. Den of Maidencraig. 26. A. dryophilus, Bull. (Oak-leaf A.) Among fallen leaves. May to October. Common in woods. 27. A. peronatus, Bolt. (Spatterdash A.) Among rotten leaves. July to November. Abundant at Hazelhead, Den of Leggart, &c. 28. A. oreades, Bolt. (fairy-ring A.) Pastures. Growing in circles. May to November. Links at Aberdeen ; Belhelvie, &c. &c. 29. A. conigenus, Pers. (fir-cone A.) On dead fir cones. Octcber to November. Hazelhead woods. 30. A. ramealis, Bull. (Stick A. ) On decaying branches of Hazel, &. &c. All the year. 31. A. Rotula, Scop. ( Wheel A.) On dead leaves, &. in woods. All the year. Very com- mon near Aberdeen. 32. A. alliaceus, Jacq. (Garlic A.) Among sticks and leaves in woods. In Autumn. Frequent. Hazelhead, &c. 33. A. atro-albus, Bolt. (Black and white A.) In pastures, &. August to November. Den of Robslaw. 34. A. sanguinolentus, Alb. and Schw. ( Bloody-juiced A. ) In woods on sticks, &. August to November. Hazelhead woods. 35. A. Adonis, Bull. (Beautiful A.) In woods. Autumn. Den of Leggart. 36. A. lacteus, Pers. (MMilk-white A.) Among sticks and leaves in woods. October to December. Den of Leggart, Den of Robslaw. 3 By 22s I. HYMENOMYCETES. [A garicus. 37. A. tenerrimus, Berk. (Very tender A. ) On dead cones, sticks, &. August to December. Cherry- vale, &c. ’ 38. A. corticola, Bull. (Bark A.) On dead bark of trees, &c. October to February. Hazel- head woods. 39. A. capillaris, Schum. (Hair A.) On beech leaves. October. Den of Leggart; and wood at the old Bridge of Don. 40. A. Fibula, Bull. (Small orange A.) Amongst moss. September to May. Den of Leggart. 41. A. umbelliferus, Linn. ( Variabie, Heath A.) In heathy pastures. May to November. Old-town Links. 42. A. septicus, Fries. (Smail shell A. ) On dead trunks of trees. October to April. Den of Robslaw. 43. A. stypticus, Bull. (Styptic A. ) On dead trees. October to April. Very local. Den of Leggart. 44, A. mitis, Pers. (Larch A.) On dead wood. October. Dead larches, Den of Leggart, 45 A. striatulus. Pers. ( Minutely striate A.) On dead wood. May to December. Rare. Cherryvale. 46. A. torvus, Fries. (Hosed A.) In woods. September and October. 47. A. cinnamomeus, Linn. (Cinnamon A.) In woods. Autumn. Hazelhead. 48. A. raphanoides, Pers. (Reddish, scented A. ) In fir woods, &c. July to October. Wood near new Church of Nigg. 49. A. squarrosus, Mull. (Squarrox A.) On trees. August to December. Very local. In woods at Middleton near Aberdeen. 50. A. collinitus, Sowerby. (Slime-coated A. ) In woods. July to November. Very local. In a small wood, due west from Robslaw quarry. a Te a ee Agaricus. | I. HYMENOMYCETES. 3293 51. A. flavidus, Schoeff. (Dirty-yellow A.) On pine trunks. August to November. Den of Robslaw. 52. A. pyriodorus, Pers. (Pear-scented A. ) In woods and gardens. September to October. In a small wood, side of the road, west from Denmore. 53. A. furfuraceus, Pers. (Branny A.) On dead twigs, &c. All the year. On mossy stumps of trees in Den of Maidencraig. 54. A. hypnorum, Schrank. (Moss A.) Among moss in woods. July to November. Old-town Links. 55. A. involutus, Batsch. (Jnvolute A.) Woods. July to November. Den of Leggart. 56. A. campestris, Linn. (Common Mushroom. ) Dry grassy pastures. May to October. Coast at Girdle- ness, &e. Old-town Links. 57. A. praecox, Pers. (Harly A.) Grassy places, &c. Spring chiefly. Road-side, on wall tops, near old house of Robslaw. 58. A. semiglobatus, Batsch. (Hemispherical H. ) In pastures, on droppings of animals. May to November. Very frequent near Aberdeen. 59. A. aeruginosus, Curtis. ( Verdigris A.) In meadows and gardens. August to November. Rather scarce. Uncertain in appearance. 60. A. lateritius, Schoeff. (Large fasciculate A.) Stumps of trees, &. May to October. Hazelhead. 61. A. fascicularis, Hudson. (fasciculate A. ) Roots of trees, &c. April to November. Hazelhead woods, &e. 62. A. callosus, Fries. (Conic dung A. ) Upon droppings of animals. Frequent. Hazelhead, &c. 63. A. cernuus, Mull. (Nodding A.) Waste places. August to November. Common. 64. A. atomatus, Fries. (Spangled A.) Among grass, wastes, &. August to September. Old- town Links. 324 I. HYMENOMYCETES. [| Cantharellus. 65. A. comatus, Mull. (Cylindric A. ) Meadows and wastes. Aprilto October. Old-town Links. 66. A. cinereus, Bull. (Cinereous A. ) Meadows, gardens, &¢. July to October. In Den of Leggart. 67. A. rutilus, Schoeff. (Purplish-red A.) In fir woeds. August to October. Hazelhead, &c. 2. CANTHARELLUS. 1. C. ecibarius, Fries. (Common Chantarelle. ) Woods. July to October. In the wood at Banchory House. Frequent in the interior of Aberdeenshire. 2. ©. lobatus, Pers. (Lobed C. ) Marshy places on different species of moss. In bog at Scotston and Denmore. 3. Merv.ivs. 1. M. corium, Grev. (Coriaceous M. ) On timber, in moist shady places. Winter. Frequent. 2. M. lachrymans, Wulf. (Dry-rot.) , On wood in buildings, where ventilation is imperfect. Very frequent. 3. M. Carmichaelianus, Grev. (Carmichael’s M..) On bark, dead leaves, &c. December. Very local. In the Dry Den, near Countesswells. 4. DAEDALEA. 1. D. unicolor, Bull. (Self-coloured D.) Trunks of trees, &c. Autumn and Spring. Dead fir branches, in the Dry Den. 2. D. biennis, Bull. (Biennial D. ) Stumps of trees. July to January. In same locality as the last. / dD. PoLyPorus. 1. P. perennis, Linn. ( Perennial, cinnamon P.) On the ground in sandy places, &. &c Autumn and Winter. Woods of Paradise, Monymusk. In Glen Dee at the base of Ben Macdui. 2. P. varius, Pers. (Variable P. ) On trees, &c. Ali the year. Dry Den near Countesswells. Polyporus. | I, HYMENOMYCETES. 525 3. P. hispidus, Bull. (Hispid P.) On ash, elm, &. Summer. Very local. In the interior at Castle Newe, Strathdon. 4, P. adustus, Willd. (Scorched P. ) Trunks of trees. All the year. Tollohill woods near Aberdeen. 5. P. velutinus, Pers. (Velvety P.) On stumps of trees, April ta October. In the wood near new Church of Nigg. 6. P. versicolor, Linn. (Party-coloured P. ) On trees, posts, &c. All the year. Very frequent at Aberdeen. 7. P. abietinus, Pers. (Violet P.) On dead firs. All the year. Common. 8. P. incarnatus, Pers. (Orange-flesh P. ) On fir trunks. Summer and Autumn. In the wood at Middleton near Aberdeen. 9. P. molluscus, Pers. (Soft, prostrate P. ) Forming a thin soft coating on dead twigs. Wood by the Skene road, west from Robslaw quarry. : 6. BoLETus. 1. B. luteus, Linn, (Yellow B.) In fir woods. Autumn. Common everywhere. 2. B. Grevillei, Klotsch. (Greville’s B. ) Woods, heaths, &. May to October. Frequent about Aberdeen. 3. B. piperatus, Bull. ( Pepper B. ) In woods. In Autumn. MHazelhead; Den of Leggart, &c. 4, B. subtomentosus, Linn. (Subtomentose B. ) In woods. Summer and Autumn. Very frequent near Aberdeen, and in the interior. 5. B. pachypus, Fries. (Thick-stemmed B. ) In fir woods. July to September? Hazelhead, Den- more, &c. 6. B. luridus, Schoeff. (Poisonous B. ) In woods. Summer and Autumn. Very frequent near Aberdeen. 326 I. HYMENOMYCETES. [Hydnum. 7. B. edulis, Bull. (Hsculent C. ) Woods and pastures. July to October. Rather local. Denmore ; Den of Leggart. 7. Hypyum. 1. H. repandum, (Common H. ) In woods. Autumn. Rather local. By the Skene road, west from Robslaw quarry. 2. H. auriscalpium. Linn (Hairy-stalked H. ) On cones of Scotch fir. All the year. Very local. In Den of Leggart, near the south-west end. 3. H. farinaceum, Pers. (Mealy H.) On decayed trees. November? and December. Rare. In the wood, a little east of new Church of Nigg. 8. RADULUM. 1. R. orbiculare, Fries. (Circular R.) On dead birches. May to January. Den of Midmar, Mr. Mackay and G. D. 9, THELEPHORA. 1. T. laciniata, Pers. (Fringed T.) On the ground in fir woods. November. Hazelhead woods, abundant. 2. T. rubiginosa, Schrad. (Rusty T.) On dead trees. Alithe year. Frequent. At Middleton and other places near Aberdeen. 3. T. rugosa, Pers. (Coarse T.) On stumps of trees. Summer and Autumn. Frequent near Aberdeen. 4. T. hirsuta, Willd. (Hairy T.) On dead wood. Perennial. Frequent. Near Craigie- buckler ; at Hazelhead, &c. 5. T. sanguinolenta, Alb. and Schw. (Silky blood-stained T.) On fir stumps. Perennial. Frequent. In the Dry Den, near Countesswells, &c. &c. 6. T. quercina. Pers. (Oak T.) On fallen branches of oak, beech, &c. All the year. Frequent near Aberdeen, 7. T. byssoides, Pers. (Byssoid T.) Thelephora. | I. HYMENOMYCETES. 327 On the ground in fir woods. Autumn and Winter. In the Dry Den and other places. Frequent. 8. T. caerulea, Schrad. (Blue 7.) On decaying wood. Frequent. Autumn and Winter. On fir branches at Middleton and other places. 9. T. miniata, Berkeley. (Scarlet T.) On dead wood. Autumn. This beautiful species seems very local; only once have I found it. Woods at Middleton. 10. T. granulosa, Pers. (Granulose T.) On dead wood. Winter. Dry Den, near Aberdeen. lil. 'T. tncarnata Pers. (BPright coloured T.) On fallen branches of different trees and shrubs. Winter. On dead whins in Belhelvie Hnks. 10. CLavaRia. 1. C. abietina, Pers. (Fir-grove C.) _ -On the ground in fir woods. August and September. At Craibston, Hazeibead, Den of Robslaw. 2. C. pratensis, Pers. (Meadow C.) in pastures. October to December. In Belhelvie lnks, near the coast-guard station at Don-mouth ; generally plentiful. 3. C. corniculata, Schoef. ( Yellow-horned C. ) In pastures and woods. October. Den of Robslaw and Craibstone. 4, C. rugosa, Bull. ( Wrinkled C.) Grassy places and woods. August to November. In Den of Leggart, and wood at old Bridge of Don. 11. CALOCERA. 1. ©. cornea, Batsch. (Horny C.) On stumps of trees. Autumn and Winter. Hazelhead, &e. &. Frequent. 12. GEOGLOSSUM. 1. G. glabrum, Pers. (Smooth G. ) In dry pastures. Autumn. Rare. Among the sand-hills at Black-dog, Belhelvie. 13. SPATHULARIA. 1. S. favida Pers. (Common S. ) ww we) en I. HYMENOMYCETES. [Spathularia. On the ground in fir woods. July to October. This beautiful species is generally abundant in Den of Leggart, near old Bridge of Dee. 14. TypHuwa. 1. T. erythropus, Pers. (Red-stemmed T. ) On dead plants. Autumn. On dead fern stems, Dry Den, Countesswells. 15. MorcHELLA. 1. M. esculenta, Linn. (Common M.) In woods, pastures, &c. Rare in this district. Near Aberdeen, Dr. A. Fleming; in the interior in Glen Dee, G. D. 16. Leorta. 1. L. dubrica, Scop. (Slimy A.) In woods on the ground. Autumn. Rare. Craibstone, Dr. Ogilvie ; Den of Leggart, G. D. 17. VIBRISSEA. 1. V. truncorum, A. & 8. (Golden V.) On branches in wet places. Summer. Very rare. This singular species I have only met with once, upon sticks buried under moist leaves in the wood at Middleton. 18. Prziza. 1. P. cochleata, Bull. (Cochleate P. ) In woods. Summer and Autumn. Local. Den of Maiden- craig, near Aberdeen. 2. P. tuberosa, Bull. (Tuberous P. ) In woods. Spring. Very local. Den of Maidencraig, G. D. ; Den of Midmar, Mr. Mackay. 3. P. cupularis, Linn. (Scolloped P. ) On the ground in woods. December. Rare. In Den of Leggart. 4, P. rutilans, Fries. (Orange-red P. ) On the ground among mosses. Autumn. On the Inch at Aberdeen. 5. P. humosa, Fries. (Ground P. ) On the ground among mosses. Autumn. Tops of walls among Polyirichum ; at Denmore, near Aberdeen. 6. P. stercorea, Pers. (Dung P.) On droppings of animals. Common. Peziza. | I. HYMENOMYCETES. wy) to Ye 7. P. virginea, Batsch. (Virgin-white P. ) On dead stumps, &c. Autumn. Tollohill wood. 8. P. calycina, Schum. ( White and orange P. ) On bark of dead firs. Frequent. 9. P. cerinea, Pers. ( Waa-like P. ) Upon dead stumps of trees. Frequent. 10. P. villosa, Pers. (Villous P.) On dead twigs, &. Common. ll. P. Grevilliit, Berkeley. (Greville’s P. ) On stems of herbaceous plants. Autumn. On dead rasp- berry stems at Aberdeen. 12. P. anomala, Pers. (Anomalous P. ) On dead trees. Autumn. Not unfrequent at Aberdeen. 13. P. caerulea, Bolt. (Blue P.) On dead wood. October to December. Rare. Tollohill and Denmore. 19. TyMPANIs. 1. T. conspersa, Fries. (Common T. ) On dead raspberry branches. Frequent. 20. STICTIS. 1. S. pallida, Pers. (Pale S.) On dead plants. Dry Den, near Aberdeen. 21. CRYPTOMYCES. 1. ©. versicolor, Fries. ( Various-coloured C. ) On dead branches of different kinds. Frequent. In Den of Leggart. 22. TREMELLA. 1. T. foliacea, Pers. (Leaf-like T. } On stumps of trees. Rather local. In Glen Muick. 2. T. mesenterica, Retz. (Orange T. ) On dead branches, all the year. Frequent near Aberdeen. 3. T. albida, Smith. (Dull-white T. ) On fallen trees, palings, &c. Winter and Spring. Fre- guent near Aberdeen. 4. T. sarcoides, With. (Flesh-like T. ) 390 II, GASTEROMYCETES. [ Phallus. On stumps of trees, &c. Winter. On whin, Den of Leggart. 23, EXIpIA. 1, E. glandulosa, Bull. ( Witches’ Buiter. ) On dead trunks and branches. Autumn and Winter. On dead whins, Den of Leggart. II.—GASTEROMYCETES. 24, PHALLUS, 1. P. tmpudicus, Linn. (Common Stinkhom. ) In woods and thickets. Summer and Autumn. Local. Den of Midmar, Mr. Mackay ; banks of the Dee at Banchory- Ternan, Dr. Adams. 25. Raizopocon. 1. R. albus, Bull. ( White Truffie. ) On the ground in woods. Very rare. At Craibstone, Dr. Ogilvie. 26. NIDULARIA. 1. P. campanulata, With. (Bell-shaped B. ) On the ground. In gardens and wet places not uncommon. 27. SPHAERIA. 1. S. Hypoxylon, Linn. (flat-horned S.) On sticks, stumps of trees, &&. Very common. 2. S. fragiformis, Pers. (Strawberry S. ) On beech bark. Common. 3. 8. stigma, Hoffm. ( biack-dotted S. ) On dead wood. Frequent about Aberdeen. A, 8. verrucaeformis, Ehr. ( Wart-like S. ) On dead trees. Corbie Den, &c. 5. 8. lata, Pers. (Broad S.) On dead wood. Very frequent at Aberdeen. 6. S. hispida, Tode. (Hispid S. ) On dead whins at Tullis, in Nigg. 7. S. spermoides, Hoffm. (Seed-like 8.) On dead stems. On dead cabbage stems at Aberdeen. 8. S. rudis, Moug. (Dingy-black S. ) On dead branches of laburnum. About Aberdeen. Cytispora. | II. GASTEROMYCETES. Jol 9. 8. leioplaca, Fries. (Patchy S.) On dead trees. Near Aberdeen, in the Dry Den on bran- ches. 10. S. byssiseda, Tode. (Greyish byssoid S. ) On dead branches, &c. On dead raspberry branches in gardens and elsewhere at Aberdeen. 28. CYTISPORA. 1. C. leucosperma, Pers. ( White-seeded C. ) On dead trees. Aberdeen. 29. RHYTISMA. 1. R. Acerinum, Pers. (Sycamore R. ) On leaves of maple. Very common. 30. HyYSTERIUM. 1. H. Fraxini, Pers. (Ash-twig H.) On dead branches of Ash. Winter and Spring. Common. 2. H. lineare, Fries. (Linear H.) On dead plants of different kinds. Frequent. 31. Bovista. 1. B. nigrescens, Pers. (Blackish Puff-ball. ) Heaths and dry pastures. Frequent. 2. B. plumbea, Pers. (Lead-coloured P. B.) Heaths and dry pastures. Frequent. 32. LyYcoPERDON. 1. L. giganteum, Batsch. (Giant Puff-ball. ) In fields and pastures. Rather local. Autumn. In Old Aberdeen links, and in Belhelvie links. 2. L. celatwm, Bull. (Hmbossed P. B. ) Meadows and pastures, &c. Rather local. Den of Leg- gart, &e. 3. L. gemmatum, Batsch. (Studded P. B.) Fields and woods. Very frequent. 4. L, pusillum, Batsch. (Dwarf P. B.) In pastures. Rather local. Old Aberdeen Links. 33. HLAPHOMYCES. 1. KE. muricatus, Fries. (Sharp-warted L. ) Baz Il. GASTEROMYCETES. [Zlaphomyces. About roots of trees. Autumn and winter. In the wood south side of Skene road, west from Robslaw quarry. d4. LYCOGALA. 1. L. epidendrum, Linn. (Scarlet L. ) On rotten stumps, pales, &c. Spring to autumn. Com- mon. 35. PHYSARUM. 1. P. album, Nees. (Flat, white P.) On various decaying substances. Frequent. Dead wood, Tullis, parish of Nigg. 36. STEMONITIS. 1. 8. fusca, Roth. (Brown S.) On rotten wood. Summer and winter. Wood at the old Bridge of Don; and in the Dry Den, near Countesswells. 37. DicripiuM. 1. D. umbilicatum, Schrad. ( Umbilicate D.) On rotten wood. Very local. In the wood at Tullis. 38. RerICcULARIA. 1. R. afra, A. and 8. (Black R.) On wood and bark of dead pines. Frequent. In the Dry Den, Countesswells, in July. 39, ALTHALIUM. 1. AX. septicum, Linn. (Common di. ) On mosses in woods, &c. Common. 40. SPUMARIA. 1. 8. alba, Bull (White S.) On stems of grass. Very frequent. 41. AROYRIA. 1, A. nutans, Bull. (flaccid A.) On rotten wood. Autumn. Very local. Wood at Tullis; and Cherryvale. 42. LASIOBOTRYS. 1. L. Linnew, Berk. (Linnaea L. ) On the leaves of Linnaea borealis. Frequent upon Lin- naea, at Aberdeen. Ascophora. | Ill. HYPHOMYCETES. 333 43. ERYSIPHE. 1. E. communis, Schl. (Common LE.) On herbaceous plants. Common. Frequent on the culti- vated pea, &c. I1ll.—HYPHOMYCETES. 44, ASCOPHORA. 1. A. Mucedo, Tode. (Common H.) On various matters in damp places. Common. 45, DactyLiuM. 1. D. dendroides, Fries. (Tree-like D. ) On decaying Agarics. Frequent. In the woods of Coun- tesswells, &e. _ 46. OIDIuM. 1. O. erysiphoides, Fries. (Mildew O.) On various cultivated plants. Frequent. 2. O. leucoconium, Desm. (Small Mildew O. ) On leaves of various plants, as apple trees, &c. &c. 47, SEPEDONIUM. 1. S. chrysospermum, Lk. (Golden-seeded S. ) On decaying Fungi. Frequent. In woods of Countess- wells, &e. IV.—CONIOMYCETES. 48, NAEMASPORA. 1. N. crocea, Pers. (Saffron-yellow N. ) On beech trees. Frequent. Hazelhead woods, &c. 49. AREGMA. 1. A. bulbosum, Fries. (Bramble A.) On leaves of different species of Rubus. Frequent. 50. HybpRoPHoRa. 1. H. stercorea, Tode. (Common H.) On droppings of animals after rain. Frequent. 51. Mucor. 1. M. Mucedo, Linn. (Common Mould. ) On fruit preserves, &c. &. Common. Ma) os re IV. CONIOMYCETES. [ Pachnocybe. 52, PACHNOCYBE. 1. P. subulata, Berk. (Subulate P. ) On decaying plants. On dead fir cones in the wood at Tullis. 53. HELMINTHOSPORIUM. 1. H. macrocarpum, Grev. (Large-seeded H. ) On decaying wood. Frequent. On dead whins in the wood at Tullis. 54, ASPERGILLUS. 1. A. candidus, Lk. ( White A.) On decaying matters of different kinds. Common. 2. A. glaucus, Lk. (Blue Mould. ) On various matters, as bread, &c. Common. 55. Borrytis. 1. B. parasitica, Pers. (Parasitic B. ) On Capsella B. Pastoris, &. Frequent. 56. Popisoma. 1. P. Juniper communis, Fries. (Common Juniper P. ) On living branches of Juniper. Rather local. On the high ground at Banchory-Ternan, north from the village. 57. Puccintia. 1. P. Polygonorum, Lk. (Polygonum P.) On Polygonum viviparum, in Corbie Den. 58. AlcIDIUM. 1, AK. leucospermum, De C. ( White-seeded 4. } On leaves of wood Anemone. Corbie Den, &c. 2. At. Hpilobii, De C. On Epilobium montanum. Common. 3. Al. Pint, Pers. (Pine i. ) On dead branches of Scotch fir. Dry Den, Countesswells. 59. Urepo. 1. U. Anthyllidis, Grev. (Kidney-vetch U.) On Anthyllis vulneraria. Frequent. 2. U. apiculosa Lk. (Apiculate U.) On leaves of Lapsana communis. Frequent. Uredo. | IV. CONIOMYCETES. 335 3. U. Epilobii, De C. (Willow-herb U.) On leaves of E. montanum. Aberdeen. 4. U. Campanulae, Pers. (Bell-flower U.) On leaves of Campanula rotundifolia. Aberdeen. 5. U. caprearum, De C. (Sallow U.) On leaves of Salix caprea. Aberdeen. 6. U. intrusa, Grev. (Lady’s-mantle U.) On leaves of Alchemilla vulgaris. Aberdeen. 7. U. Polygonorum, De. C. (Polygonum U.) On leaves of Polygonum aviculare, &c. Frequent. 8. U. Potentillarum, De C. (Potentilla U.) On leaves of Alchemilla, &. Aberdeen. 9. U. Rosae, De C. (Rose U.) On Rose leaves. Common. 10. U. Ruborum, De C. (Bramble U.) On Bramble leaves. Common. 11. U. Saliceti, Schl. (Willow U.) On Willow leaves. Common. 12. U. Senecionis, Schl. (Grounsel U.) On leaves of common Grounsel. Common. 306 ADDENDA, rg Be ry ADDENDA. . 24.—After Lychnis, add Agrostemma Githago. Frequent in cultivated fields throughout the district. . 67.—Saxifraga hypnoides, add K.—Coast at the Cove, where, I am informed, it was discovered by a lady, in 1859. 78.—1].innaea borealis, add Fir wood, west side of road, a little east of Midmar Castle, and Tiomanide wood opposite Manse of Mid- mar, Mr. Charles Mackay. Wood a little west of the farm of Hillhead, Midmar, Mrs. Donald. . 106.—Vaccinium Oxycoccos, add Boggy ground west of Greenhill, in Strathdon, Mr. Mac- kay and G. D. . 226.—Et seq, add In Den of Dunnottar, near Stonehaven, Asplenium Adi- antum nigrum, Aspidium lobatum, and its var. PB, Mr. James Collie. Braes of Gight, Asplenium 777- chomanes, Aspidium Adiantum nigrum, Aspidium oreopteris, Cystopteris fragilis, var. dentata, Mr. James Collie. Mill of Laithers, Scolopendrium vulgate, Mr. Hislop. Asplenium septentrionale, on cliffs two miles west from Inver, Braemar, Mr. James Collie, August 22, 1860. INTRODUCED PLANTS. DICOTYLEDONS. COMPOSITAE. Anthemis arvensis, occasionally in fields near Aberdeen, Professor Macgillivray. MONOCOTYLEDONS. HYDROCHARIDACEAE. Anacharis alsinastrum, Bab. Introduced into pools by the road-side west from Summerhill, near Aberdeen ; and into the small lake in the Old-town Links. TYPHACEAE. Typha latifolia, L. Introduced into Loch of Park, where it is now very abundant. 337 CORRIGENDA. Page 13.—For Thalianun, read, Thalianum. Page 28.—Cerastium semidecandrum. For K.—Coast at St. Cyrus, &c. &c. read, K.—Coast at St. Cyrus, Dr. Stephen; near Aberdeen, at south pier, G. D A.—Inch, &c. G. D.; in Buchan, Mr. Murray ; Aberdour, Rev. G. Gairdner ; Clatt, Rev. J. Minto. Page 49.—For 6. R. Chamaemorus, read, 7. &c. Pages 54 and 55.—For 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, read, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Page 98.—For 1382 to 4250 feet, read, 1350 to 4250. Page 188, top,—For Curex, read, Carex. Page 223.—For Buxbauen’s, read, Buxbaum’s. Page 278.—For Collernaceae, read, Collemaceae. on’ INDEX. 339 FLOWERING PLANTS, FERNS, AND ALLIES. Achillea, Adoxa, . : fEgopodium,; . Ethusa, Agraphis, Agrimonia, Agrostemma, . Agrostis, Aira, Ajuga, . A Alchemilla, . Alisma, . 2 Alliaria, . Allium, . Alnus, Alopecurus, Ammophila, Anacharis, . Anagallis, “ Anchusa, Anemone, Angelica, Antennaria, Anthemis, Anthoxanthum, Anthriscus, Anthyllis, Apargia, Aquilegia, Arabis, Arctium, 3 Arctostaphylos Arenaria, Armeria, Caw, Yee Page. Arrhenatherum, 204 Artemisia, 96 Arum, . 225 Asperula, 82 Aspidium, 227 Asplenium, 230 Aster, 100 Astragalus, 41 Atriplex, 138 Avena, 212 Azalea, 107 Ballota, . 224 Barbarea, 9 Bartsia, . 121 Bellis, 102 Beta, 224 Betula, 149 Bidens, 95 Blechnum, 232 Blysmus, 180 Borago, . - 222 Botrychium, . 233 Brachypodium, 215 Brassica, 217 Briza, | - 207 Bromus, . 210 Bunium, 69 Cakile, 13 Calamagrostis, 200 Calamintha, 129 Callitriche, 148 Calluna, . 107 Page. Caltha, . - 4 Camelina, ee Gaile Campanula, 103 Capsella, 15 Cardamine, 10 Carduus, 93 Carex, . 185 Carlina, . 94 Carum, 220 Catabrosa, . 201 Centaurea, 95 Cerastium, . 27 Chaerophyllum, 73 Cheiranthus, . 217 Chelidonium, . 216 Chenopodium, 138 Chrysanthemum 102 Chrysosplenium, 67 Cichorium, . 221 Cicuta, . 69 Circaea, - 59 Cnicus, 94 Cochlearia, 10 Comarum, 50 Conium, . ee ie Convolvulus, . 114 Coriandrum, 220 Cornus, - oat Corydalis, : 8 Corylus, . 156 Crataegus, 219 Crepis, .- -» 86 Cryptogramma, 232 Cuscuta, . 222 340 Page. Cynoglossum, 222 Cynosurus, 208 Cystopteris, 229 Dactylis, + 208 Daucus, . oie Dianthus, eats ot Digitalis, =e 28 Digitaria, -. 226 Doronicum, . 221 Draba, . Beh) Drosera, . cee us) Dryas, . - 46 Echium, - 114 Elatine, . Sil Eleocharis, . 181 Elymus, . - 214 Empetrum, . 146 Epilobium, . 56 Epipactis, e woe Equisetum, . 235 Erica, - 106 Erigeron, - 100 Eriophorum, . 184 Erodium, 4 BD Eryngium, . 69 Erysimum, . Erythraea, . 112 Eupatorium, . 96 Euphorbia, . Euphrasia, 121 Fedia, SOS Festuca, . yA) Filago,. . 4 35) Hracaria, .. 49 Fumaria, =. 8 Galeopsis, - Galinm,”. ) (pie ten Genista, . Bi 3) Gentiana, * Geranium, . 33 Geum, . Eur AG Glaucium, - 7 Glaux, oasis Gnaphalium, . 97 Goodyera, 160 Gymnadenia, . 162 INDEX. Habenaria, Hedera, . Sy Helianthemum, 17 Helleborus, Helosciadium, 69 Heracleum, . 71 Hieracium, . 87 Hippuris, oe G0 Honckenya, - 25 Holcus, . : Hordeum, Hydrocotyle, . 68 Hyoscyamus, . Hypericum, . 31 Hypochaeris,. 85 Tex, 5 cdda Iris, : - 164 Isoetes, . «235 Isolepis, . 182 Jasione, . 104 Juncus, . 166 Juniperus, 158 Knautia, Elis 3 Koeleria, - 204 Koniga, . 217 Lamium, A 27 Lapsana, So eh Lathyrus, 44 Lemna, . so Leontodon, . 87 Lepidium, creel) Ligusticum, . 71 Limosella, 124 Linaria, . 223 Linnaea, = Qreaa, Linum, . oO Listera, . 5 GK) Lithospermum, 115 Littorella, a. Iai Lobelia, . 104 Lolium, . 5 MIG Lonicera, DEVIL Lotus, . - 40 Luzula, . : Lychnis, ou 23 Lycopodium, . Lycopsis, Lycopus, Lysimachia, Malaxis, . Malva, . Matricaria, Meconopsis, Medicago, Melampyrum, Melica, . Melilotus, Mentha, . Menyanthes, . Mercurialis, . Mertensia, Meum, . ‘ Milium, . Molinia, . Monesis, Montia, . : Mulgedium, Myosotis, : Myrica, . Myriophyllum, Myrrhis, Nardus, . Narthecium, Nasturtium, . Nepeta, . ° Nuphar, . Nymphaea, (£nanthe, - Ononis, . Ophioglossum, Orchis, - Origanum, Ornithopus, Orobus, . Osmunda, Oxalis, . 5 Oxyria, . . Papaver, Parietaria, Paris, ive Parnassia, Pedicularis, Peplis, Petasites, Phalaris, Phleum, . Phragmites, Pilularia, Pimpinella, Pinguicula, Pinus, Plantago, Poa, Polemonium, . Polygala, Polygonatum, Polygonum, Polypodium, . Populus, Potamogeton, Potentilla, Primula, Prunella, Prunus, . Pteris, Pyrola, . Pyrus, Quercus, Radiola, . Ranunculus, Raphanus, Reseda, . Rhamuus, Rhinanthus, FU ynICOeH ora . Ribes, . Rosa, Rubus, . Rumex, . Ruppia, . INDEX, Sagina, Salicornia, Salix, Salsola, . Sambucus, Sanicula, Saponaria, Saussurea, Saxifraga, Scabiosa, Scandix, Schoenus, Scilla, Scirpus, . Scleranthus, Scolopendrium, Scrophularia, Scutellaria, Sedum, Sempervivum, Senebiera, Senecio, . Setaria, . Sherardia, Sibbaldia, Silene, . Sinapis, . Sisymbrium, Smyrnium, Solanum, Solidago, Sonchus, Sparganium, Spartium, Spergula, Spergularia, Spiraea, . 13 220 223 100 85 173 37 62 62 45 Stachys, Stellaria, Suaeda, . Subularia, Symphytum, Tanacetum, Teesdalia, Teucrium, Thalictrum, Thlaspi, Thymus, Tofieldia, Torilis, Tragopogon, . Trientalis, Trifolium, Triglochin, Triodia, . Triticum, Trollius, . Tussilago, Typha, Ulex, Urtica, Utricularia, Vaccinium, Valeriana, Verbascum, Veronica, Viburnum, Vicia, Viola, Zostera, - 342 INDEX. AC OOTY LE DON ODS 3 PEA NTS, Hacepting Ferns and their ALuiEs. Achnanthes, . ene Page. 316 Achnanthidium, 316 Actinocyclus, . A&cidium, ‘Mthalium, . Agaricus, Alaria, . 4 Amblyodon, . Amphipleura, Amphiprora, . Amphora, - Anacalypta, Andreaea, 4 Anoectangium, Anomodon, . Antitrichia, . Arctoa, Arcyria, Aregma, Arthonia, : Arthrodesmus, Ascophora, Aspergillus, Asperococcus, Asterionella, . Atricum, Aulacomnion, Baeomyces, . Bangia, . 4 Bartramia, . Batrachosper- mum, Blindia, . 5 Boletus, . Bonnemaisonia, Botrydium, . Botrytis, Bovista, . Bryopsis, . Bryum, . : Bulbochaete, . Buxbaumia, 314 334 332 319 282 253 314 314 314 242 237 256 256 256 239 332 333 276 299 333 334 283 316 248 249 277 307 253 293 239 325 287 295 334 331 294 250 293 248 Calicium, 4 Callithamnion, Calocera, 6 Calothrix, : Campylodiscus, Campylopus . Cantharellus, . Catenella, : Ceramium, Ceratodon, Cetraria, Chaetophora, Chara, 9. 3 Chondrus, Chorda, . 5 Chordaria, . Chrysymenia, Chylocladia, . Cinclidotus, . Cladonia, Cladostephus, Cladophora, Clavaria, Climacium, Closterium, Coccochloris, Cocconeis, Cocconema, Codium, Coleochaete, Collema, Conferva, Conostomum, . Corallina, : Cornicularia, . Coscinodiscus, Cosmarium, Cryptomyces, Cyclotella, . Cylindrosper- mum, i Cymatopleura, Cymbella, es ° e e ° ° ° ° ° ° oO Page. 277 291 327 308 314 241 324 290 291 241 269 294 267 289 282 283 287 287 243 277 284 295 327 256 301 311 314 315 294 294 278 295 254 287 268 314 298 329 314 311 314 314 Cynodontium, Cystoclonium, Cytispora, . Dactylium, Daedalea, Dasya, . Dellesseria, Denticula, Desmarestia, . Desmidium, . Diatoma, 5 Diatomella, . Dickieia, Dicranum, . Dictidium, Dictyosiphon, Didymodon, . Didymoprium, Diphyscium, . Dissodon, “ Distichium, . Docidium, 6 Dolichosper- } mun, Doryphora, Draparnaldia, Dudresnaia, . Dumontia, . Ectocarpus, . Elachista, “ Elaphomyces, Encalypta, . Endocarpon, Enteromorpha, Epithemia, Erysiphe, 2 Euastrum, . Eucampia, . Eunotia, . ; Exidia, . - Page. 239 289 331 333 324 287 288 316 281 297 316 316 317 239 332 282 242 297 248 255 242 300 311 315 294 290 290 284 284. 331 243 279 306 314 333 297 314 330 Page. Fegatella, 262 Fissidens, 255 Fontinalis, 261 Fragilaria, 316 Hucuss 281 Funaria, 253 Furcellaria, 290 Gelidium, 289 Geoglossum, . 327 Gigartina, 289 Gloiosiphonia, 290 Gomphonema, 315 Grammatophora 316 Griffithsia, 291 Grimmia, 244 Gyalecta, 274 Gymnogongrus, 290 Gymnostomum, 238 Haematococcus, 312 Halidrys, 281 Halymenia, 290 Hapalidium, 288 Hedwigia, . 244 Helminthos- F porium, oe Hildenbrantia, 288 Himanthalia, . 281 Himantidium, 316 Hookeria, 261 Hyalotheca, 296 Hydnum, 326 Hydrophora, . 333 Hypnum, 257 Hysterium, 331 Iridaea, . 290 Isothecium, 256 Jania, . 288 Jungermannia, 263 Laminaria, 282 Lasiobotrys, 332 Laurencia, 287 Leathesia, 283 Lecanora, 273 Lecidea, . 274 Lemania, 293 Leotia, 5 By Leptobryum, . 249 INDEX. Leskea, . Leucobryum, . Lichina, . : Licmophora, . Litosiphon, Lycogala, Lycoperdon, Lyngbya, - Marchantia, Mastogloia, Meesia, . Melobesia, Melosira, : Meridion, Merulius, Mesogloia, . Micrasterias, . Microcoleus, . Mielichhoferia, Mnium, . . Morchella, Mougeotia, Myrionema, . Mpyriotrichia, . Mucor, . Naemaspora, - Navicula, Neckera, Nephroma, Nidularia, : Nitella, Nitophylum, . Nitzschia, Nostoc, . : Odonthalia, Odontidium, . (Edipodum, . Oidium, . - Oligotrichum, Omalia, . = Opegrapha Orthosira, Orthotrichum, Oscillatoria, Pachnocybe, Palmella, Parmelia, Pediastrum, Peltigera, Penium, . - Pertusaria, . Petalonema, Peziza, . : Phallus, . Phascum, 7 Phyllophora, . Physarum, Physcia, . - Physcomitrium, Pinnularia, Pleurosigma, . Plocamium, . Podisoma, Podosira, Pogonatum, Polyides, Polyporus, Polysiphonia, Polytrichum, . Porphyra, Pottia, . : Protococcus, . Pterogonium, Ptilota, Ptychomitrium, Puccinia, Punctaria, Pyrenula, Racomitrium, Radulum, . Ralfsia, Ramalina, Reticularia, Rhabdonema, Rhabdoweissia, Rhipidophora, Rhizopogon, Rhodomela, Rhodymenia, . Rhytisma, Riccia, Rivularia, Scenedesmus, Schistidium, . Schizonema, Scytonema, 345 Page. 302 270 300 280 308 328 330 238 289 332 269 253 315 315 289 334 316 248 290 324 286 249 307 242 312 256 291 246 334 283 280 245 326 283 268 332 316 239 315 330 286 289 331 262 307 302 244 317 308 344 INDEX. Page. Page. , Page. Seligeria, . 239 | Surirella, See ah Ch Of hig ean ie - 306 Sepedonium, . 333 | Synedra, =. 315 | Umbilicaria, . 270 Solorina, oe O Urceolaria, .. 274 Sorospora, . 311 | Tabellaria, . 316 | Uredo, . - 334 Spathularia, . 327 | Tayloria, sae2oe- || Ushea,. - 268 Sphacelaria, . 284 | Tetmemorus, . 300 Sphaerphoron, 279 | Tetraphis, . 247 | Vaucheria, . 294 Sphaeria, - 330 | Tetraplodon, . 254 | Verrucaria, . 280 Sphaerozyga,. 310 | Tetraspora, . 306 | Vibrissea, - 3828 Sphagnum, . 237 |} Thamnolia, . 278 | Volvox,:. “fake, Spirotaenia, . 302 | Thelephora, . 326 Spirulina, - 309 | Thelotrema, . 280 | Weissia, 238 Splachnum, . 254 | Tolypothrix, . 308 Spumaria, vee. | Lortula,. |. - 243 | Zygnema, = 1205 Staurastrum, . 299 | Tremella, - 3829 | Zygodon, - 247 Stauroneis, . 315 | Trentepohlia, 293 | Zygogonium, . 296 Stemonitis, . 332 | Trichormus, . 310 Stereocaulon, . 277 | Trichostomum, 242 | Xanthidium, . 299 Sticta, . eek | ympAnisie -. cou, 4 Stictis, . . 329 | Tyndaridea, . 296 Stigonema, . 307 | Typhula, - 328 a eS G. CORNWALL & SONS, PRINTERS, ABERDEEN. Sear pe owe aoe, On ye . r - Re os wih aoe’ teil tetboat ati Yani sedch mt pasate ads 7 ag 4 f = put OPER re en +i ae pr te: vor Ft gaa te ated Se een eee ere Ee é * ttt ae hand ANNES eRe Waves 2 : PAMELA AO Sal pores: SPeye ery tek bh: eee pid 7h ANS peat tei} y oad, eae '~ € : at ¥ 52; 2 iy SA roOC) Sn ee, - Seether tet ar ny ee rs 4 eae ~ co i ees ‘ ayy a Mal or- nT — . sig cs Pee Sones ore Ee a Aa eA c- ae res Sor mere SOTTO - sett te aliotwetierd RCC M keh ot Lm ON nner ae? eae > tom pois SE Siete Pte =