?F FL LIB, :UMENTS OEPT OSITORY S. R. A— B."§. 68. Issued October, 1927. United States Department of Agriculture BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS MIGRATORY-BIRD TREATY-ACT REGULATIONS AND TEXT OF FEDERAL LAWS RELATING TO GAME AND BIRDS l CONTENTS Page Migrator v-bird treaty-act regulations 1 Convention between the United States and Gi^at Britain for the protection of migra- tory birds in the United States and Canada 7 Migratory-bird treaty act 10 Lacey Act, regulating interstate commerce in game 12 Law protecting wild animals and birds and their eggs on Federal refuges 13 Regulations governing hunting on national forests 13 Fires on the public domain . 13 Provisions of tariff act regulating importation of plumage, game, etc 14 Canadian tariff act prohibiting importation of plumage, mongooses, and certain birds 15 MIGRATORY-BIRD TREATY-ACT REGULATIONS [As approved and promulgated bv the President, July 31, 1918, and amended October 25, 1918, July 28, 1919, July 9. 1920, March 3, 1921, May 17, 1921, March 8. 1922, April 10, 1923, June 11, 1923. April 11, 1924. July 2, 1924, June 22, 1925, March 8, 1926, April 22, 1926, June 18, 1926, and April 4 and 21 and September 6, 1927] Regulation 1. — Definitions of Migratory Birds Migratory birds, included in the terms of the convention between the United States and Great Britain for the protection of migratory birds, concluded August 16, 1916, are as follows : 1. Migratory game birds: (a) Anatidae, or waterfowl, including brant, wild ducks, geese, and swans. (&) Gruidae, or cranes, including little brown, sandhill, and whooping cranes. (c) Rallidae, or rails, including coots, gallinules, and sora and other rails. (d) Limicolae, or shorebirds, including avocets, curlews, dowitchers. godwits, knots, oyster catchers, phalaropes, plovers, sandpipers, snipe, stilts, surf birds, turnstones, willet, woodcock, and yellowlegs. (e) Columbidae, or pigeons, including doves and wild pigeons. 2. Migratory insectivorous birds: Cuckoos; flickers and other woodpeckers: niuhthawks or bull-bats and whip-poor-wills; swifts; hummingbirds; flycatch- ers; bobolinks, meadowlarks, and orioles: grosbeaks; tanagers ; martins and other swallows; waxwings ; -in-ikes '■ vireos; warblers; pipits; catbirds and brown thrashers ; wrens ; brown creepers ; nuthatches ; chickadees and titmice : kinglets and gnat catchers ; robins and other thrushes ; and all other perching birds which feed entirely or chiefly on insects. 1 Summarized information concerning open seasons on game, licenses, bag limits, pos- session, sale, interstate transportation, and provisions relating to imported game and game raised in captivity is published in the annual Farmers' Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture on the game laws, which may be had from the department upon request. 65920—27 Z BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY [S. R. A. 3. Other migratory nonyame birds: Auks, anklets, bitterns, fulmars, gannets, grebes, guillemots, gulls, herons, jaegers, loons, murres, petrels, puffins, shear- waters, and terns. [As amended July 9, 1920.] Regulation 2. — Definitions of Terms For tbe purposes of these regulations the following terms shall be construed, respectively, to mean — secretary. — The Secretary of Agriculture of the United States. Person. — The plural or tbe singular, as tbe case demands, including indi- viduals, associations, partnerships, and corporations, unless the context other- wise requires. Take. — The pursuit, hunting, capture, or killing of migratory birds in the manner and by tbe means specifically permitted. Opt n season. — The time during which migratory birds may be taken. Transport. — Shipping, transporting, carrying, exporting, receiving or deliver- ing for shipment, transportation, carriage, or export. Regulation 3. — Means by Which Migratory Game Birds May be Taken The migratory game birds specified in regulation 4 hereof may be taken during the open season with a gun only, not larger than No. 10 gauge, fired from the shoulder, except as specifically permitted by regulations 7, 8. 9. and 10 hereof; they may be taken during the open season from the land and water, with the aid of a dog, the use of decoys, and from a blind or floating device ; but nothing herein shall be deemed to permit the use of an airplane, power- boat, sailboat, boat under sail, floating device towed by powerboat or sail- boat, or any sinkbox (battery), except that sinkboxes (batteries) may be used in the taking of waterfowl in coastal sounds and bays (including Back Bay. Princess Anne County, State of Virginia) and other coastal waters if placed not less than 700 yards from the shore line of the mainland at ordinary high tide and not less than 700 yards from any island at ordinary high tide, and not less than 700 yards from any other sinkbox (battery) ; and nothing herein shall be deemed to permit the use of an airplane, or a powerboat, sailboat, or other floating device for tbe purpose of concentrating, driving, rallying, or stirring up migratory waterfowl. [As amended July 28, 1919, March 3, 1921. May 17, 1921, and April 4, 1927.] Regulation 4. — Open Seasons on and Possession of Certain Migratory Game Birds For the purpose of this regulation, each period of time herein prescribed as an open season shall be construed to include the first and last days thereof. Waterfowl (except wood duck, eider ducks, and swans), rails, coot, gal- linules, woodcock, Wilson snipe or jacksnipe. and mourning doves may be taken each day from half an hour before sunrise to sunset during the open seasons prescribed therefor in this regulation by the means and in the numbers per- mitted by regulations 3 and 5 hereof, respectivly. and when so taken may be possessed any day in any State, Territory, or District during the period con- stituting tbe open season where killed and for an additional period of 10 days next succeeding said open season, but no such bird shall be possessed in a State. Territory, or District at a time when such State. Territory, or District prohibits the possession thereof. Waterfowl {eaeoept wood duck, eider ducks, and swans), coot, yallinules, and WUson snipe or jacksnipe. — The open seasons for waterfowl (except wood duck, eider ducks, and swans), coot, gallinules, and Wilson snipe or jacksnipe shall be as follows : In Maine. New Hampshire, Vermont. Massachusetts (except in Nantucket and Dukes Counties), Ohio. West Virginia, Michigan. Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa. Missouri, North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska. Kansas. Colorado. Wyoming, Montana. Nevada, and that portion of Idaho comprising the counties of Boundary, Bonner, Kootenai, Benewah, and Shoshone the open season shall lie from September "Hi to December 31; B. S. 68] LAWS RELATING TO GAME AND BIRDS 6 In New York (except Long Island) the open season shall be from September 24 to January 7 : In that portion of Massachusetts known as Nantucket and Dukes Counties, and in Rhode Island. Connecticut, Pennsylvania. Indiana, Illinois. Oklahoma, Utah. Idaho (except in the counties of Boundary. Bonner, Kootenai, Benewah. and Shoshone), California. Oregon, and Washington the open season shall be from October 1 to January 15; In that portion of New York known as Long Island, and in New Jersey, Delaware. New Mexico. Arizona, that portion of Texas lying west and north of a line beginning on the Rio Grande River directly west of the town of Del Rio. Texas ; thence east to the town of Del Rio : thence easterly following the center of the main track of the Southern Pacific Railroad through the towns of Spofford. Uvalde, Hondo : thence to the point where the Southern Pacific Railroad crosses the I. & G. N. R. R.. at or near San Antonio; thence following the center of the track of said I. & G. N. R. R. in an easterly direction, to the point in the City of Austin, where it joins Congress Avenue, near the I. & G. N. R. R. depot : thence across said Congress Avenue to the center of the main track of the H. & T. C. R. R. where said track joins said Congress Avenue, at or near the H. & T. C. R. R. depot: thence following the center line of the track of said H. & T. C. R. R. in an easterly direction through the towns of Elgin, Giddings, and Brenham. to the point where said railroad crosses the Brazos River: thence with the center of said Brazos River in a general northerly direction, to the point on said river where the Beaumont branch of the Santa Fe Railway crosses the same : thence with the center of the track of the said G. C. & S. F. R. R.. in an easterly direction through the towns of Navasota, Montgomery, and Conroe, to the point at or near Cleveland, where said G. C. & S. F. R. R. crosses the Houston. East and West Texas Railroad: thence with the center of said H. E. & AY. T. R. R. track to the point in said line, where it strikes the Louisiana line, the open season shall be from October 16 to January 31: and in that portion of Texas lying south and east of the line above described the open season shall be from November 1 to January .">1 : In Maryland, the District of Columbia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. Florida, Alabama. Mississippi. Arkansas, and Louisiana, the open season shall be from November 1 to January 31 ; and In Alaska the open season sha«ll be from September 1 to December 15. Rail* {except coot and gaUinules.) — The open season for sora and other rails (except coot and gallinules) shall be from September 1 to November 30. except as follows : In Louisiana the open season shall be from November 1 to January 31. Greater and lesser yeUoiclegx.— There shall be a continuous close season on greater and lesser yellowlegs until August 16, 1929. ^Yoodcock. — The open seasons for woodcock shall be as follows : In Maine. New Hampshire. Vermont, Massachusetts. Rhode Island. Con- necticut. New York. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Ohio. West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana. Michigan. Wisconsin. Illinois. Missouri, Iowa. Minnesota. North Da- kota. South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas the open season shall be from October 1 to November 30: and In Delaware. Maryland, the District of Columbia. Virginia, North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia. Florida, Alabama, Mississippi. Tennessee, Arkansas. Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma the open season shall be from November 1 to December 31, Doves. — The open seasons for mourning doves shall be as follows: In Delaware. Maryland. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee. Kentucky. Ohio. Indiana. Illinois. Minnesota. Nebraska. Kansas. Missouri. Arkansas. Oklahoma. New Mexico, Colorado. Utah. Arizona. California. Nevada. Idaho. Oregon, that portion of Texas lying west and north of a line beginning on the Rio Grande River directly west of the town of Del Rio. Texas; thence east to the town of Del Rio: thence easterly following the center of the main track of the Southern Pacific Railroad through the towns of Spofford. Uvalde, Hondo: thence to the point where the Southern Pacific Railroad crosses the I. & G. N. R. R.. at or near San Antonio; thence following the center of the track of said I. & G. N. R. R. in an easterly direction, to the point in the City of Austin, where it joins Congress Avenue, near the I. & G. N. R. It. depot: thence across said Congress Avenue to the center of the main track of the H. & T. C. It. It. where said track joins said Congress Avenue, at or near the II. & T. C. It. It. depot : thence following the center line of the track of said H. & T. C. R. R. in an 4 BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY [S. R. A. easterly direction through the towns of Elgin, Giddings, and Brenhani, to the point where said railroad crosses the Brazos River ; thence with the center of said Brazos River in a general northerly direction, to the point on said river where the Beaumont branch of the Santa Fe Railway crosses the same ; thence with the center of the track of the said G. C. & S. F. R. R., in an easterly direction through the towns of Navasota, Montgomery, and Conroe, to the point at or near Cleveland, where said G. C. & S. F. R. R. crosses the Houston, East and West Texas Railroad ; thence with the center of said H. E. & W. T. R. R. track to the point in said line, where it strikes the Louisiana line, the open season shall be from September 1 to December 15 ; and in that portion of Texas lying south and east of the line above described the open season shall be from November 1 to December 31 ; In South Carolina. Georgia, Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi the open season shall be from October 16 to January 31 ; and In Louisiana the open season shall be from November 1 to January 31. [As amended October 25, 1918, Julv 28, 1919. July 9, 1920, May 17, 1921. March 8, 1922, June 11, 1923, April 11, 1924, July 2, 1924, June 22, 1925, March 8, 1926, April 22, 1926, June 18, 1926, and April 4 and 21 and September 6, 1927.] Regulation 5. — Bag Limits on Certain Migratory Game Birds A person may take in any one day during the open seasons prescribed there- for in regulation 4 not to exceed the following numbers of migratory game birds, which numbers shall include all birds taken by any other person who for hire accompanies or assists him in taking migratory birds : Ducks (except wood duck and eider ducks). — Twenty-five in the aggregate of all kinds. Geese. — Eight in the aggregate of all kinds. Brant. — Eight. Rails and gallinules {except sora and coot). — Twenty-five in the aggregate of all kinds, but not more than 15 of any one species. Sora. — Twenty-five. Coot. — Twenty-five. Wilson snipe or jacksnipe. — Twenty. Woodcock. — Four. Doves ( mourning ) . — Twenty-five. [As amended October 25, 1918, July 28, 1919, March 3, 1921, March 8, 1926, and April 4, 1927.] Regulation 6. — Shipment, Transportation, and Possession of Certain Migratory Game Birds Waterfowl (except wood duck, eider ducks, and swans), rails, coot, gal- linules, woodcock, Wilson snipe or jacksnipe, and mourning doves and parts thereof legally taken may be transported in or out of the State where taken during the respective open seasons in that State, and may be imported from Canada during the open season in the Province where taken, in any manner, but not more than the number thereof that may be taken in two days by one person under these regulations shall be transported by one person in one calendar week out of the State where taken ; any such migratory game birds or parts thereof in transit during the open season may continue in transit such additional time immediately succeeding such open season, not to exceed 5 days, necessary to deliver the same to their destination, and may be possessed in any State, Territory, or District during the period constituting the open season where killed, and for an additional period of 10 days next succeeding said open season ; and any package in which migratory game birds or parts thereof are transported shall have the name and address of the shipper and of the consignee and an accurate statement of the numbers and kinds of birds contained therein clearly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof; but no such birds shall be transported from any Slate, Teritory, or District to or through {mother State, Territory, or District or to or through a Province of the Dominion of Canada contrary to the laws of the State, Territory, or District, or Province of the Dominion of Canada in which they were taken or from which they are transported; nor shall any such birds B. S. 68] LAWS RELATING TO GAME AND BIRDS 0 be transported into any State, Territory, or District from another State, Terri- tory, or District, or from any State, Territory, or District into any Province of the Dominion of Canada at a time when such State, Territory, or District, or Province of the Dominion of Canada prohibits the possession or transport- ing thereof. [As amended October 25, 1918, July 9, 1920, March 8, 1926, and April 4, 1927.] Regulation 7. — Taking of Certain Migratory Nongame Birds by Eskimos and Indians in Alaska In Alaska Eskimos and Indians may take for the use of themselves and their immediate families, in any manner and at any time, and possess and transport auks, anklets, guillemots, murres, and puffins and their eggs for food, and their skins for clothing. Regulation 8. — Permits to Propagate and Sell Migratory Waterfowl 1. A person may take in any manner and at any time migratory water- fowl and their eggs for propagating purposes when authorized by a permit issued by the Secretary. Waterfowl and their eggs so taken may be possessed by the permittee and may be sold and transported by him for propagating purposes to any person holding a permit isued by the Secretary in accordance with the provisions of this regulation. 2. A person authorized by a permit issued by the Secretary may possess, buy, sell, and transport migratory waterfowl and their increase and eggs in any manner and at any time for propagating purposes ; and migratory water- fowl, except the birds taken under paragraph 1 of this regulation, so possessed may be killed by him at any time, in any manner, except that they may be killed by shooting only during the open season for waterfowl in the State where killed, and the carcasses, with heads and feet attached thereto, of the birds so killed may be sold and transported by him in any manner and at any time to any person for actual consumption, or to the keeper of a hotel, restaurant, or boarding house, retail dealer in meat or game, or a club, for sale or service to their patrons, who may possess such carcasses for actual consumption without a permit, but no migratory waterfowl killed by shooting shall be bought or sold unless each bird before attaining the age of four weeks shall have had removed from the web of one foot a portion thereof in the form of a V large enough to make a permanent, well-defined mark, which shall be sufficient to identify it as a bird raised in domestication under a permit. 3. Any package in which such waterfowl or parts thereof or their eggs are transported shall have plainly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof the name and address of the permittee, the number of his permit, the name and address of the consignee, and an accurate statement of the number and kinds of birds or eggs contained therein. 4. Applications for permits must be addressed to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington. D. C. and must contain the following information : Name and address of applicant : place where the business is to be carried on ; number of acres of land used in the business and whether owned or leased by the appli- cant : number of each species of waterfowl in possession of applicant ; names of species and number of birds or eggs of each species if permission is asked to take waterfowl or their eggs ; and the particular locality where it is desired to take such waterfowl or eggs. 5. A person granted a permit under this regulation shall keep books and records which shall correctly set forth the total number of each species of waterfowl and their eggs possessed on the date of application for the permit and on the 1st day of each January next following; also for each calendar year during the life of the permit the total number of each species reared and killed, number of each species and their eggs sold and transported, manner in which such waterfowl and eggs were transported, name and address of each person from or to whom waterfowl and eggs were purchased or sold, together with the number and species and whether sold alive or dead : and the date of each transaction. A report setting forth this information shall be annually furnished the Secretary during the month of January for the preceding cal- endar year. 6 BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY [S. R. A. 6. A permittee shall at all reasonable hours allow any authorized employee of the United States Department of Agriculture to enter and inspect the premises where operations are being carried on under this regulation and to inspect the books and records of such permittee relating thereto. 7. A permit issued under this regulation shall be valid until revoked by the Secretary unless otherwise specified therein, shall not be transferable, and may be revoked by the Secretary, if the permittee violates any of the provisions of the migratory bird treaty act or of the regulations thereunder. A permit duly revoked by the Secretary shall be surrendered to him by the person to whom is was issued, on demand of any employee, of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture duly authorized to enforce the provisions of the migratory bird treaty act. 8. A person may possess and transport for his own use, without a permit, live migratory waterfowl now lawfully possessed or hereafter lawfully ac- quired by him, but he may not purchase or sell such waterfowl without a permit. A State or municipal game farm or city park may possess, purchase, sell, and transport live migratory waterfowl without a permit, but no such waterfowl shall be purchased from or sold to a person (other than such State or municipal game farm or city park) unless he has a permit. The feathers of wild ducks and wild geese lawfully killed and feathers of sueh birds seized and condemned by Federal or State game authorities may be possessed, bought, sold, and transported, for use in making fishing flies, bed pillows, and mattresses, and for similar commercial purposes, but not for millinery or ornamental purpi >ses. [As amended October 25, 1918, July 9, 1920, April 3 0, 1923, and June 11, 1923.] Regulation 9. — Permits to Collect Migratory Birds for Scientific Purposes A person may take in any manner and at any time migratory birds and their nests and eggs for scientific purposes when authorized by a permit issued by the Secretary, which permit shall be carried on his person when he is collecting specimens thereunder and shall be exhibited to any person re- questing to see the same. Application for a permit must be addressed to the Secretary of Agriculture. Washington, D. C, and must contain the following information : Name and address of applicant, his age, and name of State, Territory, or District in which specimens are proposed to be taken, and the purpose for which they are intended. Each application shall be accompanied by certificates from two well-known ornithologists that the applicant is a fit person to be intrusted with a permit. The permit may limit the number and species of birds, birds' nests, or eggs that may be collected thereunder, and may authorize the holder thereof to possess, buy, sell, exchange, and transport in any manner and at any time migratory birds, parts thereof, and their nests and eggs for scientific purposes: or it may limit the holder to one or more of these privileges. Public museums, zoological parks and societies, and public, scientific, and educational institu- tions may possess, buy, sell, exchange, and transport in any manner and at any time migratory birds and parts thereof and their nests and eggs for scientific purposes without a permit, but no specimens shall be taken without a permit. The plumage and skins of migratory game birds legally taken may be possessed and transported by a person without a permit. A taxidermist. When authorized by a permit issued by the Secretary, may possess, buy. sell, exchange, and transport in any manner and at any time migratory birds and parts thereof legally taken, or he may be limited to one or more of those privileges. Each permit shall be valid until revoked by the Secretary unless otherwise specified therein, shall not be transferable, and shall be revocable at the dis- cret:on of the Secretary. A permit duly revoked by the Secretary shall be surrendered to him by the person to whom it was issued, on demand of any employee of the United States Department of Agriculture duly authorized to enforce the provisions of the migratory bird treaty act. A person holding a permit shall report annually to the Secretary on or before the 10th day of January during the life of the permit the number of skins, nests, or eggs of each species collected, bought, sold, exchanged, or transported during the preceding calendar year. B. S. 08] LAWS RELATING TO GAME AND BIRDS 7 Every package in which migratory birds or their nests or eggs are trans- ported shall have clearly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof the name and address of the sender, the number of the permit in every case when a permit is required, the name and address of the consignee, a state- ment that it contains specimens of birds, their nests, or eggs for scientific purposes, and. whenever such a package is transported or offered for trans- position from the Dominion of Canada into the United States or from the United States into the Dominion of Canada, an accurate statement of the contents. [As amended October 25, 1918, March 3. 1921, and June 11, 1923.] Regulation 10. — Permits to Kill Migratory Birds Injurious to Property When information is furnished the Secretary that any species of migratory bird has become, under extraordinary conditions, seriously injurious to agricul- ture or other interests in any particular community, an investigation will be made to determine the nature and extent of the injury, whether the birds alleged to be doing the damage should be killed, and, if so, during what times and by what means. Upon his determination an appropriate order will be made. Regulation 11. — State Laws for the Protection of Migratory Birds N< thing in these regulations shall be construed to permit the taking, posses- sion, sale, purchase, or transportation of migratory birds, their nests, and eggs contrary to the laws and regulations of any State, or Territory, or District made for the purpose of giving further protection to migratory birds, their nests, and eggs when such laws and regulations are not inconsistent with the convention between the United States and Great Britain for the protection of migratory birds concluded August 16, 1916, or the migratory bird treaty act and do not extend the open seasons for such birds beyond the dates prescribed by these regulations. [Added by proclamation of October 25, 1918, as amended July 9, 1920.] CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN FOR THE PROTECTION OF MIGRATORY BIRDS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 2 [39 Stat. 1702] BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A PROCLAMATION Whereas a convention between the United States of America and tin- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for the protection of migratory birds in the United States and Canada was concluded and signed by their respective plenipotentiaries at Washington on the 16th day of August, 1916, the original of which convention is word for word as follows : Whereas many species of birds in the course of their annual migrations traverse certain parts of the United States and the Dominion of Canada; and Whereas many of these species are of great value as a source of food or in destroying insects which are injurious to forests and forage plants on the public domain, as well as to agricultural crops, in both the United States and Canada, but are nevertheless in danger of extermination through lack of adequate protection during the nesting season or while on their way to and from their breeding grounds : 2 Signed at Washington, Aug. 16, 1916; ratification advised by the Senate Aug. 20. rati- fied by the President Sept. 1, and by Great Britain Oct. 20; ratifications exchanged Dec. 7 ; proclaimed Dec. 8, 1916. 8 BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY [S. R. A. The United States of America and His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas. Emperor of India, being desirous of saving from indiscriminate slaughter and of insuring the preservation of such migratory birds as are either useful to man or harmless, have resolved to adopt some uniform system of protection which shall effectively accomplish such objects and to the end of concluding a convention for this purpose have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries : The President of the United States of America, Robert Lansing, Secretary of State of the United States ; and His Britannic Majesty, the Right Hon. Sir Cecil Arthur Spring Rice, G. C. V. O., K. C. M. G., etc., His Majesty's ambassador extraordinary and pleni- potentiary at Washington ; Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, which were found to be in due and proper form, have agreed to and adopted the following articles : Article I The high contracting powers declare that the migratory birds included in the terms of this convention shall be as follows : 1. Migratory game birds : (a) Anatidae or waterfowl, including brant, wild ducks, geese, and swans, (ft) Gruidae or cranes, including little brown, sandhill, and whooping cranes. (c) Rallidae or rails, including coots, gallinules and sora and other rails. (d) Limicolae or shorebirds, including avocets, curlew, dowitchers, godwits, knots, oyster catchers, phalaropes, plovers, sandpipers, snipe, stilts, surf birds, turnstones, willet, woodcock, and yellowlegs. (c) Columbidae or pigeons, including doves and wild pigeons. 2. Migratory insectivorous birds : Bobolinks, catbirds, chickadees, cuckoos, flickers, flycatchers, grosbeaks, humming birds, kinglets, martins, meadowlarks, nighthawks or bull-bats, nut-hatches, orioles, robins, shrikes, swallows, swifts, tanagers, titmice, thrushes, vireos, warblers, wax-wings, whippoorwills, wood- peckers, and wrens, and all other perching birds which feed entirely or chiefly on insects. 3. Other migratory nongame birds : Auks, auklets, bitterns, fulmars, gannets, grebes, guillemots, gulls, herons, jaegers, loons, murres, petrels, puffins, shear- waters, and terns. Article II The high contracting powers agree that, as an effective means of preserving migratory birds, there shall be established the following close seasons during which no hunting shall be done except for scientific or propagating purposes under permits issued by proper authorities. 1. The close season on migratory game birds shall be between March 10 and September 1, except that the close season on the Limicolae or shorebirds in the Maritime Provinces of Canada and in those States of the United States border- ing on the Atlantic Ocean which are situated wholly or in part north of Chesa- peake Bay shall be between February 1 and August 15, and that Indians may take at any time scoters for food but not for sale. The season for hunting shall be further restricted to such period not exceeding three and one-half months as the high contracting powers may severally deem appropriate and define by law or regulation. 2. The close season on migratory insectivorous birds shall continue through- out i lie year. ?>. The close season on other migratory nongame birds shall continue through- out the year, except that Eskimos and Indians may take at any season auks, auklets. guillemots, murres. and puffins, and their eggs, for food and their skins for clothing, but the birds and eggs so taken shall not be sold or offered for sale. Article III The high contracting powers agree that during the period of TO years next following the going into effort of this convention there shall be a continuous close season on the following migratory game birds, to wit: Band-tailed pigeons, little bi-own. sandhill, and whooping cranes, swans, cur- lew, and al! shorebirds (except the black-breasted and golden plover. Wilson or B. S. 68] LAWS RELATING TO GAME AND BIRDS 9 jack snipe, woodcock, and the greater and lesser yellowlegs) ; provided that during such 10 years the close seasons on cranes, swans, and curlew in the Province of British Columbia shall be made by the proper authorities of that Province within the general dates and limitations elsewhere prescribed in this convention for the respective groups to which these birds belong. Article IV The high contracting powers agree that special protection shall be given the wood duck and the eider duck either (1) by a close season extending over a period of at least 5 years, or (2>) by the establishment of refuges, or (3) by such other regulations as may be deemed appropriate. Article V The taking of nests or eggs of migratory game or insectivorous or nongame birds shall be prohibited, except for scientific or propagating purposes under such laws or regulations as the high contracting powers may severally deem appropriate. Article VI The high contracting powers agree that the shipment or export of migratory birds or their eggs from any State or Province, during the continuance of the close season in such State or Province, shall be prohibited except for scientific or propagating purposes, and the international traffic in any birds or eggs at such time captured, killed, taken, or shipped at any time contrary to the laws of the State or Province in which the same were captured, killed, taken, or shipped shall be likewise prohibited. Every package containing migratory birds or any parts thereof or any eggs of migratory birds transported, or offered for transportation from the United States into the Dominion of Canada or from the Dominion of Canada into the United States, shall have the name and address of the shipper and an accurate statement of the contents clearly marked on the outside of such package. Article VII Permits to kill any of the above-named birds, which under extraordinary conditions may become seriously injurious to the agricultural or other interests in any particular community, may be issued by the proper authorities of the high contracting powers under suitable regulations prescribed therefor by them, respectively, but such permits shall lapse or may be canceled at any time when, in the opinion of said authorities, the particular exigency has passed, and no birds killed under this article shall be shipped, sold, or offered for sale. Article VIII The high contracting powers agree themselves to take, or propose to their respective appropriate law-making bodies, the necessary measures for insuring the execution of the present convention. Article IX The present convention shall be ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by His Britannic Majesty. The ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible, and the convention shall take effect on the date of the exchange of the ratifications. It shall remain in force for 15 years, and in the event of neither of the high contracting powers having given notification 12 • months before the expiration of said period of 15 years of its intention of terminating its operation, the convention shall continue to remain in force for 1 year and so- on from year to year. In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present con- vention in duplicate and have hereunto affixed their seals. Done at Washington this 16th day of August. 1916. [seal.] Robert Laxsixg. [seal.] Cecil Sprixg Rice. 10 BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY [S. R. A. And whereas the said convention has been duly ratified on both parts, and the ratifications of the two Governments were exchanged in the city of Wash- ington on the 7th day of December. 1916 : Now, therefore, be it known that I, Woodbow Wilson, President of the United States of America, have caused the said convention to be made public, to the end that the same and every artiele and clause thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of AVashington this 8th day of December in the year of our Lord 1910, and of the independence of the United States of America the 141st. [SEAL.] WOODROW WlLSON. By the President : Robert Lansing, Secretary of State. MIGRATORY-BIRD TREATY ACT 3 [Approved July 3, 1918. 40 Stat. 755] An Act to give effect to the convention between the United States and Great Britain for the protection of migratory birds concluded at Washington, August 10, 1910, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this act shall be known by the short title of the "Migratory Bird Treaty Act." Sec. 2. That unless and except as permitted by regulations made as herein- after provided, it shall be unlawful to hunt, take, capture, kill, attempt to take, capture or kill, possess, offer for sale, sell, offer to purchase, purchase, deliver for shipment, ship, cause to be shipped, deliver for transportation, transport. cause to be transported, carry or cause to be carried by any means whatever, receive for shipment, transportation or carriage, or export, at any time or in any manner, any migratory bird, included in the terms of the convention 1 »etween the United States and Great Britain for the protection of migratory birds concluded August 16, 1916, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird. Sec. 3. That, subject to the provisions and in order to carry out the purposes of the convention, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed, from time to time, having due regard to the zones of temperature and to the distri- bution, abundance, economic value, breeding habits, and times and lines of migratory flight of such birds, to determine when, to what extent, if at all. and by what means, it is compatible with the terms of the convention to allow hunting, taking, capture, killing, possession, sale, purchase, shipment, trans- portation, carriage, or export of any such bird, or any part, nest, or egg thereof, and to adopt suitable regulations permitting and governing the same, in ac- cordance with such determinations, which regulations shall become effective when approved by the President. Sec. 4. That it shall be unlawful to ship, transport, or carry, by any means whatever, from one State, Territory, or District to or through another State. Territory, or District, or to or through a foreign country, any bird, or any part, nest, or egg thereof, c ptured. killed, taken, shipped, transported, or (anicd al any lime contrary to the laws of the State, Territory, or District in which it was captured, killed, or taken, or from which it was shipped, trans- ported, or carried. It shall be unlawful to import any bird, or any part, nest. Of egg thereof, captured, killed, taken, shipped, transported, or carried con- trary to the laws of any Province of the Dominion of Canada in which the same was captured, killed, or taken, or from which it was shipped, transported, or carried. •Constitutionality of the treaty and act of July 3. 1918, sustained by the United stnt ps Supreme Court in ;i decision rendered Apr. it). 1020, in the case of the state of Missouri r. Bay P. Holland (252 U. S. 41(5) ; see also CJ. S. v. Lumpkin (276 Fed. 580). Canada, by an acl of Parliamenl approved Aug. 29, 1917, gave full effect to the treaty and promulgated regulations thereunder May 11, litis. The validity of the act of the Dominion Parliament was upheld by the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island in a decision (Michaelmas term, 1920) rendered in the case of The King v. Russell C Clark. For full text of the Canadian migratory-bird trenty set and regulations, communicate with the Commissioner of Canadian National Parks, Ottawa, Ontario. B. 8. 88] LAWS RELATING TO GAME AND BIRDS 11 Sec. 5. That any employee of the Department of Agriculture authorized by the Secretary of Agriculture to enforce the provisions of this i ct shall have power, without warrant, to arrest any person committing a violation of this act in his presence or view and to take such person immediately for examination or trial hefore an officer or court of competent jurisdiction: shall have power to execute any warrant or other process issued by an officer or court of com- petent jurisdiction for the enforcement of the provisions of this act; and shall have authority, with a search warrant, to search any place. The several judges of the courts established under the laws of the United States, and United States commissioners may, within their respective jurisdictions, upon proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause, issue warrants in all such cases. All birds, or parts, nests, or eggs thereof, captured, killed, taken, shipped, transported, carried, or possessed contrary to the provisions of this act or of any regulations made pursuant thereto, shall, when found, 'be seized by any such employee, or by any marshal or deputy marshal, and, upon conviction of the offender or upon judgment of a court of the United States that the same were captured, killed, taken, shipped, transported, carried, or possessed con- trary to the provisions of this act or of any regulation made pursuant thereto, shall be forfeited to the United States and disposed of as directed by the court haying jurisdiction. Sec. 6. That any person, association, partnership, or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of said convention or of this act, or who shall violate or fail to comply with any regulation made pursuant to this act. shall be deemed guilty of misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not more than $500 or be imprisoned not more than six months, or both. Sec. 7. That nothing in this act shall be construed to prevent the several States and Territories from making or enforcing laws or regulations not in- consistent with the provisions of said convention or of this act, or from making or enforcing laws or regulations which shall give further protection to migratory birds, their nests, and eggs, if such laws or regulations do not extend the open seasons for such birds beyond the dates approved by the President in accordance with section three of this act. Sec. 8. That until the adoption a*id approval, pursuant to section 3 of this act, of regulations dealing with migratory birds and their nests and eggs, such migratory birds and their nests and eggs as are intended and used exclusively for scientific or propagating purposes may be taken, captured, killed, possessed, sold, purchased, shipped, and transported for such scientific or propagating purposes if and to the extent not in conflict with the laws of the State, Terri- tory, or District in which they are taken, captured, killed, possessed, sold, or purchased, or in or from which they are shipped or transported if the packages containing the dead bodies or the nests or eggs of such birds 'when shipped and transported shall be marked on the outside thereof so as accurately and clearly . to show the name and address of the shipper and the contents of the package. Sec. 9. That the unexpended balances of any sums appropriated by the agri- cultural appropriation acts for the fiscal years 1917 and 1918, for enforcing the provisions of the act approved March 4, 1913, relating to the protection of migratory game and insectivorous birds, are hereby reappropriated and made available until expended for the expenses of carrying into effect the provisions of this act and regulations made pursuant thereto, including the payment of such rent, and the employment of such persons and means, as the Secretary of Agriculture may deem necessary, in the District of Columbia and elsewhere, cooperation with local authorities in the protection of migratory birds, and necessary investigations connected therewith: Provided, That no person who is subject to the draft for service in the Army or Navy shall be exempted or excused from such service by reason of his employment under this act. Sec. 10. That if any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this act shall, for any reason, be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, sucli judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph, or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered. Sec. 11. That all acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. Sec. 12. Nothing in this act shall be construed to prevent the breeding of migratory game birds on farms and preserves and the sale of birds so bred un- der proper regulation for the purpose of increasing the food supply. Sec. 13. That this act shall become effective immediately upon its passage and approval. 12 BUKEAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY [S. R. A LACEY ACT, REGULATING INTERSTATE COMMERCE IN GAME Federal laws affecting the shipment of game comprise statutes regulating interstate commerce in game and the importation of birds and mammals from foreign countries, as follows : Criminal Code— Act of March 4, 1909 135 Stat. 1137] Sec. 241. The importation into the United States, or any Territory or District thereof, of the mongoose, the so-called " flying foxes," or fruit bats, the English sparrow, the starling, and such other birds and animals as the Secretary of Agriculture may from time to time declare to be injurious to the interests of agriculture or horticulture, is hereby prohibited ; and all such birds and ani- mals shall, upon arrival at any port of the United States, be destroyed or returned at the expense of the owner. No person shall import into the United States or into any Territory or District thereof any foreign wild animal or bird, except under special permit from the Secretary of Agriculture : Provided, That nothing in this section shall restrict the importation of natural-history speci- mens for museums or scientific collections, or of certain cage birds, such as domesticated canaries, parrots, or such other birds as the Secretary of Agri- culture may designate. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to make regulations for carrying into effect the provisions of this section. Sec. 242. It shall be unlawful for any person to deliver to any common carrier for transportation, or for any common carrier to transport from any Staie. Territory, or District of the United States to any other State, Territory, or District thereof, any foreign animals or birds the importation of which is prohibited, or the dead bodies or parts thereof of any wild animals or birds,4 where such animals or birds have been killed or shipped in violation of the laws of the State, Territory, or District in which the same were killed, or from which they were shipped: Provided, That nothing herein shall prevent the transportation of any dead birds or animals killed during the season when the same may be lawfully captured, and the export of which is not prohibited by law in the State, Territory, or District in which the same are captured or killed: Provided further. That nothing herein shall prevent the importation, transportation, or sale of birds or bird plumage manufactured from the feathers of barnyard fowls. Sec. 243. All packages containing the dead bodies, or the plumage, or parts thereof, of game animals, or game or other wild birds, when shipped in inter- state or foreign commerce, shall be plainly and clearly marked, so that the name and address of the shipper and the nature of the contents may be readily ascertained on an inspection of the outside of such package. Sec 244. For each evasion or violation of any provision of the three sections last preceding, the shipper shall be fined not more than $200: the consignee knowingly receiving such articles so shipped and transported in violation of said sections shall be fined not more than .$200: and the carrier knowingly carrying or transporting the same in violation of said sections shall be fined not more than $200. Sections 1 and 5— Act of May 25, 1900 5 [31 Stat. 187-188] That the duties and powers of the Department of Agriculture are hereby enlarged so as to include the preservation, distribution, introduction, and restoration of game birds and oth r wild birds. The Secretary of Agriculture is hereby authorized to adopt such measures as may lie necessary to carry out tin' purposes of this act and to purchase such game birds and other wild birds as may he required therefor, subject, however, to the laws of the various Slates and Territories. The object and purpose of this act is to aid in the restoration of such birds in ih<>se parts of the United states adapted thereto 1 Sec sirds. C8. li. 3, and t superseded by sees, -ti 244 of the Criminal Code ad of Mar. 4, 1909 (35 Stat. 1 L37). B. S. 68] LAWS RELATING TO GAME AND BIRDS 13 where the same have become scarce or extinct, and also to regulate the intro- duction of American or foreign birds or animals in localities where they have not heretofore existed. The Secretary of Agriculture shall from time to time collect and publish useful information as to the propagation, uses, and preservation of such birds. And the Secretary of Agriculture shall make and publish all needful rules and regulations for carrying out the purposes of this act, and shall expend for said purposes such sums as Congress may appropriate therefor. Sec. 5. That all dead bodies, or parts thereof, of any foreign game animals, or game or song birds, the importation of which is prohibited, or the dead bodies, or parts thereof, of any wild game animals, or game or song birds transported into any State or Territory, or remaining therein for use, consump- tion, sale, or storage therein, shall upon arrival in such State or Territory be subject to the operation and effect of the laws of such State or Territory enacted in the exercise of its police powers, to the same extent and in the same manner as though such animals or birds had been produced in such State or Territory, and shall not be exempt therefrom by reason of being introduced therein in original packages or otherwise. This act shall not prevent the im- portation, transportation, or sale of birds or bird plumage manufactured from the feathers of barnyard fowl. LAW PROTECTING WILD ANIMALS AND BIRDS AND THEIR EGGS ON FEDERAL REFUGES Act of March 4, 1909, as Amended April 15, 1924 [43 Stat. 9S] Sec. 84. Whoever shall hunt, trap, capture, willfully disturb, or kill any bird or wild animal of any kind whatever, or take or destroy the eggs of any such bird on any lands of the United States which have been set apart or reserved as refuges or breeding grounds for such birds or animals by any law, procla- mation, or Executive order, except under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture may. from time to time, prescribe, or who shall will- fully injure, molest, or destroy any property of the United States on any such lands shall be fined not more than $500, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. HUNTING ON NATIONAL FORESTS Regulation T-7, effective October 1, 1919, of the Regulations of the Forest Service relative to National Forests, provides as follows : The following acts are probihited on lands of the United States • within national forests : The going or being upon any such land, or in or on the waters thereof, with intent to hunt, catch, trap, willfully disturb, or kill any kind of game animal, game or nongame bird, or fish, or to take the eggs of any such bird, in violation of the laws of the State in which such land or waters are situated. Regulation G-30 authorizes all forest officers to enforce the above regula- tion and also to cooperate with State or Territorial officials in the enforcement of local laws for the protection of birds, fish, and game. FIRES ON THE PUBLIC DOMAIN Criminal Code— Act of March 4, 1909 [35 Stat. 1098] Sec 52. Whoever shall willfully set on fire, or cause to be set on fire, any timber, underbrush, or grass upon the public domain, or shall leave or suffer fire to burn unattended near any timber or other inflammable material, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. 14 BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY [S. R. A. Sec 53. Whoever shall build a lire in or near any forest, timber, or other inflammable material upon the public domain shall, before leaving said lire, totally extinguish the same; and whoever shall fail to do so shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. PROVISIONS OF TARIFF ACT REGULATING IMPORTATION OF PLUMAGE, GAME, ETC. Act of September 21, 1922 [42 Star. 915] Par. 1419. Feathers and downs, on the skin or otherwise, crude or not dressed, colored, or otherwise advanced or manufactured in any manner; not specially provided lor, 20 per centum ad valorem: dressed, colored, or otherwise advanced or manufactured in any manner, including quilts of down and other manufactures of down : artificial or ornamental feathers suitable for use as millinery ornaments, artificial or ornamental fruits, vegetables, grains, leaves, flowers, and stems or parts thereof, of whatever material com- posed, not specially provided for, 60 per centum ad valorem; natural leaves, plants, shrubs, herbs, trees, and parts thereof, chemically treated, colored, dj'ed or painted, not specially provided for, 00 per centum ad valorem ; boas, boutonnieres, wreaths, and all articles not specially provided for, composed wholly or in chief value of any of the feathers, flowers, leaves, or other mate- rial herein mentioned, 60 per centum ad valorem : Provided, That the im- portation of birds of paradise, aigrettes, egret plumes or so-called osprey plumes, and the feathers, quills, heads, wings, tails, skins, or parts of skins, of wild birds, either raw or manufactured, and not for scientific or educational purposes, is hereby prohibited ; but this provision shall not apply to the feathers or plumes of ostriches or to the feathers or plumes of domestic fowls of any kind : Provided further, That birds of paradise and the feathers, quills, heads, wings, tails, skins, or parts thereof, and all aigrettes, egret plumes, or so-called osprey plumes, and the feathers, quills, heads, wings, tails, skins, or parts of skins, of wild birds, either raw or manufactured, of like kind to those the importation of which is prohibited by the foregoing provisions of this paragraph, which may be found in the United States, on and after the pas- sage of this act, except as to such plumage or parts of birds in actual use for personal adornment, and except such plumage, birds, or parts thereof im- ported therein for scientific or educational purposes, shall be presumed for the purpose of seizure to have been imported unlawfully after October 3, 1913, and the collector of customs shall seize the same unless the possessor thereof shall establish, to the satisfaction of the collector, that the same were im- parled into the United States prior to October 3, 1913, or as to such plumage or parfe of birds that they were plucked or derived in the United States from birds lawfully therein; and in case of seizure by the collector he shall proceed as in case of forfeiture for violation of the custom laws, and the same shall be forfeited, unless the claimant shall in any legal proceeding to enforce such forfeiture, other than a criminal prosecution, overcome the presumption of illegal importation and establish that the birds or articles seized, of like kind to those mentioned the importation of which is prohibited as above, were im- ported into the United States prior to October 3, 1913, or were plucked in the United States from birds lawfully therein. That whenever birds or plumage, the importation of which is prohibited by the foregoing provisions of this paragraph, are forfeited to the Government, the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to place the same with the departments or bureaus of the Federal or State Governments or societies or museums for exhibition or scientific or educational purposes, but not for sale or personal use; and in the event of such birds or plumage not being required or desired by either Federal or State Government or for educational purposes, they shall he destroyed. That nothing in this act shall be const rued to repeal the provisions of the ad of March h L913, chapter 145 <.">7 Statutes al Large, page S47). or the ad of July .*'». 1918 (40 Statutes at Large, page 755), or any other law of the United States, now of force, intended for the protection or preservation of birds within the United Stntes. That if on investigation by the collector before seizure, or before trial for forfeiture, or if at such trial if such seizure has B. S. 68] LAWS RELATING TO GAME AND BIRDS 15 been made, it shall be made to appear to the collector, <>r the prosecuting officer of the Government, as the case may be. that no illegal importation of such feathers has been made, but that the possession, acquisition, or purchase of such feathers is or has been made in violation of the provisions of the act of March 4, 1913. chapter 14r> (37 Statutes at Large, page 847), or the act of July 3. 1918 (40 Statutes at Large, page 755). or any other law of the United States, now of force, intended for the protection or preservation of birds within the United States, it shall be the duty of the collector, or such prosecuting officer, as the case may be. to report the facts to the proper officials of the United States, or State or Territory charged with the duty of enforcing such laws. Import duties and provisions are as follows : Par. 704. A duty of 4 cents per pound is imposed on reindeer meat, venison, and other game (except birds). Par. 711. The duty on live birds (except poultry) is 50 cents each on those valued at $5 or less, and 20 per cent ad valorem on those valued at more than $5. \~By proclamation of October 3. 1925. the President reduced the duty on live bobwhite qua;l valued at $5 each or less from 50 to 25 cents.] Par. 712. Dressed or undressed birds (except poultry) are dutiable at 8 cents per pound, but if prepared or preserved in any manner the duty is 35 per cent ad valorem. (Paragraph 1410 prohibits the importation of the plumage of wild birds, so that undressed aime birds may only be brought in under a bond for the destruction of their plumage.) Par. 715. Live wild animals. 15 per cent ad valorem. Par. 1420. Silver or black fox skins, dressed or undressed, and manufac- tures thereof. 50 per cent ad valorem: other furs dressed on the skin, not advanced further than dyeing. 25 per cent ad valorem. Par. 1507. Wild animals and birds intended for exhibition in zoological collections for scientific or educational purposes, and not for sale or profit, are admitted free. Par. 1569. The eggs of birds are prohibited from entry, except that eggs of game birds may be imported free under regulations of Secretary of Agricul- ture for propagating purposes; specimens may also be imported free for sci- entific collections. Par. 1579. Raw furs and fur skins (except silver or black fox skins), un- dressed, are admitted free. Par. 1668. Natural-history specimens (including wild birds and mammals) may be imported free for scientific public collections, but not for sale. CANADIAN TARIFF ACT PROHIBITING IMPORTATION OF PLUM- AGE, MONGOOSES, AND CERTAIN BIRDS The importation of bird plumage into Canada for millinery purposes is prohibited by tariff item 1212 under Schedule C (prohibited goods), as added by section 5 of the Canadian customs tariff act of 1914. Item 1212 prohibits the entry of the following : 1212. Aigrettes, egret plumes, or so-called osprey plumes, and the feathers, quills, heads, wings, tails, skins, or parts of skins of wild birds either raw or manufactured: but this provision shall not come into effect until January 1. 1915, and shall not apply to — (a) The feathers or plumes of ostriches; (&) The plumage of the English pheasant and the Indian peacock: (c) The plumage of wild birds ordinarily used as articles of diet: (d) The plumage of birds imported alive; nor to (e) Specimens imported under regulations of the minister of customs for any natural-history or other museum or for educational purposes. Item 1214 under Schedule C (prohibited goods), as added by the customs tariff act, effective May 24. 1922, prohibits the entry of the following: 1214. (a) Common mongoose (Herpestes griseus) or mongoose of any kind: (&) Common mynah. Chinese mynali. crested mynah. or any other species of the starling family (Sturnidae) ; (c) Java sparrows, rice bird, nutmeg finch, or other species of the weaver bird family (Ploceidae) ; (d) European Chaffinch {FrhigUla corlcbs) : (e) Great titmouse (Parus major). U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1927 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 09218 5189