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tr BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY;

ILLUSTRATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS

THE GENERA OF INSECTS

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND:

CONTAINING

Caloureti JTigureiS from Batitre

OF THE MOST RARE AND BEAUTIFUL SPECIES, AND IN

MANY INSTANCES OF THE PLANTS UPON WHICH

THEY ARE FOUND.

BY

JOHN CURTIS,

KELLOW Of THE LINKEAN SOCIETY.

LONDON:

PIUNTKD FOR THE AUTIIOK, 4/ UPPEU CHARLOTTE STREET, FITZROY SQUARE;
AND SOLD BY SHERWOOD, JONES AND CO., 20 PATERNOSTER ROW j W. WETTON,
21 FLEET STREET; J. BOOTH, DUKE STREET, PORTLAND PLACE; GOSSLING AND
EGLEY, 69 NEW BOM) STREET; G. B. SOWERBY, 156 REGENT STREET; AND
A. A. ROVER, AU JARUIN DES PLANTES A PARIS.

1824.

PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR,
SHOE-LANE, LONDON.

TO

The Rev. WILLIAM KIRBY, M.A. F.R.S. L.S. &c.
THIS VOLUME

IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,

AS A GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

OF MANY OBLIGATIONS,

AND IN TESTIiMONY OF THE SINCERE REGARD OF

THE AUTHOR.

Loiulon, Jan. I, 1824.

u AUu i.

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1.

CICINDELA SYLVICOLA.

Order Coleoptera. Family Cicindelidae Lat.
Type of the Genus Cicindela campestris L.

CiciNDELA. * Antenna' filiform, inserted into the anterior marp;^in of
the eye. (fig. 6.)

Labrum large, somewhat triangular, slightly indented. ( 1 .)
Mandibles large, with 4 simple teeth, and one nt ar the base
cleft. (2.)

MaxlUce furnished at their extremities with a distinct articulated
hook, and strongly ciliated : internal palpi with 2 joints of nearly
equal length j external with 4 joints, <;f which the second is equal
in length to the two last. (3.)

Menium with 2 lobes, and a strong spine in the centre : palpi
with 4 joints : the first 2 very short, the third very long and
hairy. (4.)
Thorax short, almost as broad as the head, sometimes cijlindrital.
Elytra Jlat, rounded. Wings /tt'O. Feet formed for running, fur-
nished with trochanters ; internal side of the anterior tibue never
notclied : anterior tarsi of the male wilh the Jirst 3 joints dilated. (.">.)

C. .sYLvico).A MegerU and Dejean

C. hybrida, var. Duftschmidt.

Above green tinged with purple, beneath metallic, green and
blue. Head and thorax very finely punctured, elytra obliquely,
and more deeply punctured, having a scabrous a])pearance, with
pale yellow interrupted lunular marks at the shoulders and apex,
and an abbreviated sinuated fascia in the middle. First 4 joints
of Antennae shining green, the remainder velvety, black. Legs
and underside covered with white hairs.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Stephens.

LiNN.EUS and his disciple Fabricius commenced their ar-
rangements of the Order Coleoptera with the Scarabasicljje;
and Lati'cille and those who have adopted his System selected

• The reader will please to observe, that tliroughout the work, the dissections
will be made from the Insect established as the type of the genus, unless stnfod
to the contrary; and the figures occurring in the descriptions will relate to Uie
•lanit: figures in the plate;.

for the .same purpose the Cicindelitlee, coiisiderhig them as the
most complete in their organization. The only genus of this
family found in Great Britain is that which I have described ;
the species forming it are all conspicuous for their beaut}^, and
valued (with the exception of C. campestrii) for their rarity ;
they are exceedingly active, and are mostly met with flying in
the heat of the day in sandy situations.

The specimen figured is smaller and greener than the au-
thentic ones from Mons. Dejean in the magnificent collection
of A. MacLeay, Esq., but it agrees very well witli those in the
British Museum. As an inhabitant of this country it is unique,
and I am indebted to my friend J. F. Stephens, Esq., for
being able to present my readers with a figure of this rare
and elegant species : it was taken in Epping Forest in Jime
1820, and the same year it was found in profusion in different
parts of the continent. — C stjlvicola very nearly approaches
C. hyhrida, but is readily distinguished from it by the green
colour which is predominant ; by the less sinuated fascia on
the elytra; and by the more ferruginous colour of the third
joint of the labial palpi.

C. germanica from its different form may very fairly be con-
sidered as belonging to another division of the genus. Mr.
Brightwell found it in the middle of a very hot day in July
1810, running with the greatest rapidity among the short grass,
on the maro-in of a small brook at Black-o-ano; Chine in the Isle
of Wight : it has also been taken near Dartford in Kent.
The other species indigenous to this island are C. sylvatica,
C. hybrida, and C. campestris.

The plant upon which the Insect is drawn is Poa annua
(Annual Meadow Grass).*

* Whenever the plant to which an insect is attached can be obtained, it w ill be
introduced in the plate; but a'; some feed upon putrid animal and vegetable sub-
stances, many upon each other, and as not unfrequently their habits are totally
unknown, — in such instances plants will be introduced with a view to make the
work as handsome and instructive as possible ; and as a knowledge of Botany is
absolutely necessary in order to be able to collect insects with complete success, it
is hoped tliat figures of the indigenous plants will prove acceptable and useful to
the reader.

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2.
VELIA lUVULORUM.

OnoKii Hcmiplcra. Fa.ai. Hydronietidic Leach.

Type of the Genus Gcrris currens Fah.

Velia Ldt. Genis Fab. Hydrometra Fab.

Ant'jnncc exserted, filiform, composed of 4 joints, the first of wliicli

is the longest, the last cylindric-oval. (1. a )

Head somewhat vertical. (1 . b.)

Rostrum 2-jointed. (2. b.) inflected.

Labrum very short, not projecting. (2. a.)

Setcc (probably 4) passing through the Rostrum. (2. c.)
Feet long, formed for walking upon the water, first pair raplurious,
tarsi 3-joinled, with very minute nails inserted laterally into a fissure
near the extremity of the last joint. (3.)

V. RivuLORUM Lat. Cons. Gen.

Gevris rivulorum Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 4. p. 189.

Fuscous ; head black, thorax deeply punctured, with two gray
spots in front, and an orange mark "between them ; sides of the
thorax and abdomen red with a black spot on the elevated edge
of each segment, and a line of contiguous black .^pots down each
side beneath ; the anal segments in the abdomen of the male
black : Elytron with one long and 3 round white spots — second
pair of legs with the tibiae ciliated 5 posterior thighs of tlie males
bidentated, the body flattened, with a small anal joint projecting.
Female witli simple thighs, and a robust truncated abdomen.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

This pretty insect was unknown I believe as an inhabitant of
this country till it was taken by Dr. Leach. My iriend
J. C. Dale, Esq., has since met with it in considerable abun-
dance on his estate at Glanville's Wootton, Dorset ; Mr.
Samouclle lias also taken it near Kew Hridjie. It is found

with its congeners from April to September, by the sides of
streams and springs, running upon the surface of the water.

Velia liivulorum and V. currens have been described by
Fabricius and other authors as distinct species ; but from the
remarks of my friends and my own observations, 1 am inchned
to beheve that the latter is only the pupa of the former. The
fact might easily be proved, by those residing m a convenient
situation confining a quantity of V. currens in a frame covered
with coarse gauze, and floating them where they have been
found. I suggest this plan, hoping that some assiduous ento-
mologist may be induced to follow it up, and decide this doubt-
ful and interesting question.

The insect in the plate represented flying is the male, that
at rest the female, and the lines drawn near each denote then'
natural size. The plant figured with them is Juncus articulatus
Linn. (Shining-fruited jointed Rush): it is found by the water's
edge. /

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3.

DEILEPHILA EUPHORBIiE.

Spotted Elephant.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Spliingida? Lai.
Type of the Genus Sphinx Elpenor Linn.

Deilepiiila Ochsenhelmcr. Sphinx Linn.

Aiiicnncc composed of many joints, with the duh prismatic, and
appealing hooked, it being terminated by a long, subulated,
naked joint (l.a.) : upper side thickly covered with scales (l,b.):
under side ciliated (I.e.)

Lahrum (2. a.) and mandibles attached to the head.
Mandibles parallel, curved inward, furnished internally with
brushes of very strong hair (2. b.)

Maxilla: (forming the proboscis) very long and spiral : (3) is a
portion of one, to shov/ the base and the semi-cylindric canal.
Labial Palpi broad if seen in front, covered with short close
scales, the first joint very much bent, second very large, some-
what oval, third tuberculiform, scarcely distinct : (4) the scales
removed to show the articulations.

Wings horizontal, or deflexcd in repose ;'a hook or valch at the exterior

edge of the lower icings to retain those above.
(Jaterpillars with 6 anterior, S abdominal, and 2 anal feet.

D. EuPHORBi.i': Orhs.

Sphinx Euphovbite Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 802. 19. Fab. Syst. Nat. torn. 3.
p. o67. 37. Haw. Lep. Brit. /). Gl . H. Roescl. Lis. v. 1 . t. 3. /). 17.

Head and thorax white, the centre fuscous-green. Abdomen
above fuscous-green, sides of the first 3 segments white, with pure
black spots upon the first 2, the next 3 segments having narrow
white spots on their sides. Upper wings fuscous-green, white
at their base, with a black spot ; the posterior margin white ; a rosy
fascia extending from the posterior margin to tlie apex, very
deeply siiuuited above and luululated beneath, and a darker rosy
margin from the apex to the posterior angle ; under wings
black, whitisli internally, with a deep rose-coloured fascia in the
centre, and another along the external margin : tlie whole In-
sect beneath clouded rose colour, with 2 ol)scurc black spots in
the upper wings. Antennie white above and fuscous beneath :
legs white, first pair fuscous-green above. Tlie male has much
less black in tlic under wings, the antenna^ arc thicker, and the
abdomen more dilated with hair at the apex, than in the female.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Raddon and the Author.

Deii.f.i'hila is derived front the Greek, and means Lovers of
Evening, It wa.s a genus proposed I believe by Ilnbner, and

established by Ochsenheimer in his " Die SchmetterHng von
Europa." It contains the following British species : D. Celerio,
Elpeiior, Porcellus, lineata, Galii, and Euphorbia, which
are all rare excepting the second. These insects, which have
been called Hawk-moths, fly about sun-set, darting fi'om flower
to flower, and hovering over the most iVagrant with their long
proboscis extended to extract the honey deposited in the nec-
taries. Deilephila Euphorbice is eminently beautiful both in
its larva and imago states ; and although it has been met with
by the earlier collectors, I am indebted to the assiduity and
liberality of my fi-iend Mr. Raddon for being able to give its
history, as well as figures of the larva, and the plant upon which
it feeds.

During a long residence in Devonshire, that gentleman
vdsited occasionally the extensive sand-hills at Appledore and
Braunton Burrows near Barnstaple, where Euphorbia Paralias
grows in great abundance ; and from the size and beauty of
the caterpillar it would be imagined that it might readily be
found : but in the young state they are not easily discoverable ;
and when more advanced, they become so conspicuous that
their numbers are reduced by marine birds which feed upon
them : — sometimes they may be traced by their soil, at other
times they may be seen far from the spot where they fed, at
the extremity of a tall rush. They are full-grown about the
middle of September, when they descend into the sand and
change into chrj'salides, forming a loose case of earth around
them, from which they emerge the beginning of the following
June. Sometimes, however, they remain in the pupa state
two seasons, as many other Lepidoptera do ; — a wise provision
of Nature to prevent any accident from destroying the whole
brood. The sand-hills where the larva is foimd are of great
extent and magnitude, and must have been collected by the
winds and storms to which they are constantly exposed : du-
ring the winter the whole soil is frequently removed, so as com-
pletely to alter the surface of the country ; a great number of
the pupa must consequently be destroyed or buried at a great
depth below the surface, where probably they lie hid until
they are brought to light and life by the influence of the
elements *.

Dr. Schwffigrichen of Leipsic informs me that in Germany
D. Euphorbice feeds upon Euphm-bia esula and E. Q/parissias,
plants of the same division as E. Paralias (Sea Spurge) figured
in the plate.

* I think it probable that the larva found in marshy ground at Barnscray near
Crayford in Kent, and figured by Harris, as well as those recorded by Dc Goer
as feeding upon a common Gcilium, were the caterpillars of 1). Galii, especially
as that species hat been frequently confounded with JJ. Etijilwrbice.

4

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4.
PELTASTES PINl.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Ichneumonidse Lat.
Type of the Genus Ichneumon nccatorius Fab.

PEi/rASTES ///. Ichneumon Fab., Lnt. Mctopius Pz.

Aufen/Ke filiform, composed of (JO joints and upwards, inserted
near the crown of the head, and equidistant from the eyes and
each other. ( 1 .) *

Clijpens formed like an escutcheon, i)ointed in the centre. (1.)
Labriun triangular, rounded in front. (2.)
Mandibles slightly arcuated, strong, acute, bifid near tlieir ex-
tremities. (3. 3.)

Maxillce short, corneous, rounded, ciliated, irregular at their
outer edge. {A. a.) : MaxiUani palpi very long, hair\', j-jointed,
first joint straight cylindric J second very large, thick, clavatc ;
third thicker than the first and nearly as long, fourth very small,
fifth length of the fir,-,t, cylindric. (-4. b.)

Menluni oblong (."j.a ) : /w//)i short, hairy, 4-jointed, nearly equal,
inserted near the apex of the mentum (5.b.) Lip membrana-
ceous, striated, sides conniving externally. (5. c.)

Superior wings with thejirst submarginal cell ver?/ large, the2discoidal

cells situated longitudi)ially one above the other.
Abdomen cylindric, almost sessile, composed of 7 joints in the male and

(i joints in the female : (7) Under side (f abdomen of male.
Ow'iduct coticea led : (G) Underside of abdomen of female.
Tarsi with 5 joints : (8) Part of hinder leg.

PiNi nob.
Black, dee|)ly and closely punctured • clypeus yellow j thora\
with 8 yellow spots before the insertion of the wings : 2 at the
base of the scutelhim, which is square, bidentate, and margined
with yellow behind ; first and second segments of abdomen with
two yellow spots, the remainder margined with yellowj wings ol)-
scare with ferruginous nervures. Antennte black above, ferrugi-
nous beneath ; legs yellow J first pair palest : hinder thighs striped
black inside.

hi the Cabinet of Mr. Beniley.

The insects of this oenus, like those of llie whole family, are
parasitic, depositing their eggs in the larvaj of Lepidoptera,
which as soon as they hatch begin to feet! upon the niuscle.s

* The dissections of the mouth are taken from the type of the genus, but the
other figures arc drawn from (lie spi.-cies figured in the plate.

of their victim, until the whole internal substance of the Cater
' pillar, with the exception of the alimentary canal, is consumed.
In this diseased state it changes to a chrysalis, frequently as-
suming the natural form, although the colour is sometimes
altered; and the iepidopterist is often disappointed in his
hopes, when instead of a valuable moth or butterfly, one of
these singular insects is the reward of all his care and attention.

The Ichneumonidae, however, are eminently useful, employed
as they are to keep within bounds a tribe of caterpillars which
otherwise in all probability would swarm to a degree that
would deprive vegetation of its beauty and utility : — An extraor-
dinary instance occurred in the year 1782; for a further ac-
count of which I must refer the reader to "A short History
of the Brown-tail Moth," by W. Curtis.

Peltastes takes its generic name from the similitude of the
clypeus to an escutcheon or shield: and I have given this
species the name of P/w/, from its being invariably found in
pine groves. Like the rest of the genus (indeed of the family
I might say), it is extremely variable; some having the antennae
entirely orange, others with the clypeus, palpi and all the thighs
black ; and yellow bands to all the segments except the first.
There are but three species of this genus (proposed by Illiger)
at present known to inhabit Britain, viz. P. necatorius Fab.
which is the least rare, and has been bred from the chrysalis
of Stauropus Fagi by Mr. Stephens ; P. dissectorius Pz.
taken by myself in the North of Devon in September 1822;
and the species figured in the plate, which far exceeds the
others in size, and was taken in June near Ringwood Hamp-
shire, flying in the sunshine amongst pine-trees, by Mr. Bentley,
a zealous entomologist who has added many rare and interest-
ing species to the British Fauna.

Pinus Abies (Spruce Fir) is represented in the plate, which
is to be met with in every plantation, having been introduced
from Norway near a century since.

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5.
CTENOPHORA ORNATA.

Order Diptera. Fam. Tipulidae Lat,
Type of the Genus Tipula pectinicornis L.

Ctenopiiora Meig., III., Lat., Fab. Tipula L., Fab.

AntenncB porrected, with 13 joints : first joint cylindric, second

globose, third oblong or securiform, and the following pectinated

in the male (2), and simple, globose or rhomboidal in the female

(3.)

Mentum horny in the centre and membranaceous towards the

edges (1. a.) : Palpi exsertedj incurved, hairy, cylindiic, 4-

jointed, the first very small, second and third large, and the lust

joint very long, flexible and wrinkled, except at its base where

it is rigid. (1. c.)

Lip not inclined, ovate, hairy. (1. b.)

Ocelli none : Antennae with short hairs: eyes oval, entire: mouth pro-
jecting like a beak. Abdomen of male thicker towards the extre-
mity: of the female, thickest in the middle and tapering totcards the
apex, which is terminated by 2 strong processes (4.) Wings diva-
ricating, shining. Tarsi with 5 joints.

C. ORNATA Meg. 8i Meig. Syst. Besch. vol. i, p. 166.

Yellow tinged with bright brown ; thorax black, margined witli
yellow, and ferruginous behind the centre ; 3 first joints of ab-
domen with black fasciae, the fourth entirely yellow ; 2 following
with a triangular black mark in the centre, and the remainder
ferruginous and black : wings yellow, ferruginous at the costa,
black at the apex : Antennae and legs orange : Tarsi black.
In the Cabinet of Mr. Dale.

The genus Ctenopiiora, which is probably the most beautiful
of the Tipulidae, and remarkable for its fine antenna^, has been
divided by Meigen, in his admirable work now publishing, into
three divisions, taken from the structure of the joints of the
antennjE of the males, which I have copied from his work, and

are marked A. B. C. in the plate. There are about eight or
nine species in Britain ; amongst which are T. bimaculata L.
belonging to the first division ; T. atrata L. belonging to the
second ; and T. pectinicornis L. the t\^e of the third.

The larvee are said to inhabit decayed trees, and the perfect
insects are generally found amongst undenvocd and bushes.
The specimen figured in the plate is a male, and was taken upon
an oak, by J. C. Dale, Esq. in company widi the Rev. W. Kirby,
near Lyndhurst in the New Forest, July 7, 1821. It is the
only one known to have been found in this country : and it
appears to be equally rare upon the Continent; for Meigen
has been obliged to depend upon his friend Wiedemann for
a description of it. The female of this beautiful species is at
present unknown.

]\Ir. Ha worth also possesses a very rare species of this genus,
which there is very little doubt is the T.Jlaveolata Fab., taken
many years since by Mr. Rippon in Yorkshire.

It is worthy of remark, that the palpi of this genus, and pro-
bably of many others of the family, are very different in struc-
ture to any that I have before observed : the greater part of
the last joint being composed of rings, which render it per-
fectly flexible, and enable the insect, I imagine, to use it with
nearly the same facility as an elephant can his trunk.

The plant introduced in the plate is Poli/goimm aviculare
(Common Knotgrass).

6

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6.
NEBllIA LIVIDA.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Carabidoc Lat.
Tijpe of the Genus Carabus complanatus L.

Nebria Lat., Clairv., Sic Carabus L., Fab.

Antennce linear, straight, the second joint the shortest, the fifth
the longest. (6.)

Labrum nearly quadrate, slightly emarglnate, not projecting be-
yond the labium. (1.)

Mandibles projecting far beyond the labrum, but little dilated ex-
ternally, with 2 teeth near their base. (2.)
MaxillcE bent at the apex, distinctly ciliated : internal palpi cy-
lindrical 2-jointed, external 4-jointed, the second joint the long-
est, the last truncated obliquely. (3.)

Mentum somewhat quadrate, with tiie centre lobe bifid : palpi 2,

equal in length to the maxillary palpi ; 4-jointed, the first 2

very short, the last truncated obliquely. (4.)

Thorax cordate-truncate ; the basal angle straight : Abdomen elongate,

ovate: back very much depressed. Wings 2. Feet formed for

running, with trochanters. Anterior tarsi of the male with the first 3

joints dilated. Internal edge of tJte anterior tibice not notched.

N. LIVIDA Lat. Gen. Crus. C. lividus Linn. Faun. Suec. 791. not of

Fab.
C. sabulosus Fab. Fnt Sj/st. vol. i. p. 133. n. 40.

Head black shiningj thorax ochraceous, black behind, sulcated

in the middle ; Elytra striated black with a pale yellow margin ;

Mouth, antennae and legs pale yellow.

Li the Cabinet of Mr, Vigors.

There is no family of Coleoptera probably of the same ex-
tent better understood than the Carabidu,', which in a irreat
degree arises from its forming the commencement of the Order;
every one is therefore obliged as soon as he begins his arrange-
ment to study and investigate it. Latreille was evidently

anxious to make this part of the system perfect in his valuable
work " Considerations Generales," &c. Clairville's " Ento-
mologie Helvetique" was a most valuable acquisition to the
student; and the Monograph by Professor Bonelli, as well as
the acute observations of Dr. Leach, have left but little to
be done so far as relates to the European genera. In 1792,
when Fabricius published his " Entomologia Systematica," the
Genus Carabus contained only 195 species, collected from
every quarter of the globe ; and now in Britain alone there
are 275 species of Carabidse knovvTi.

The Genus Nebria as it now stands contains only two British
species; the one figured, which is drawn rather larger than life,
was first discovered in Yorkshire by Mr. Spence, (well known
as the coadjutor of Mr. Kirby,) and a single specimen was
afterwards taken by Mr. Wilkin the 28th Sept. 1814 beneath
a fragment of rock at Hilston near Hull in the same county.
The other {N. complaiiata) — not so rare as N. livida, but ex-
tremely local — Sir Joseph Banks first discovered at Swansea.
Dr. Leach many years after found it in the same situation; and
in Sept. 1822 I was fortunate enough to take it in great abun-
dance under the stones at high-water mark, on the sandy shore
of the River Taw, near Braunton Burrows North Devon,
after having been searching in vain for the larva of Sjj/mix
Euphorbicc.

Medicago lupulina (Nonesuch, black or Hop Trefoil), both
in flower and fruit, is the plant figured in the plate.

dCJA^rM^^rtu^ J^mdan c7<vi f. -fStd

7.
ODENESIS PINI. Pine Lappet.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Bombycida' hat.
Type of the Genus Bombyx potatoria L.

Odenesis Germar. Gastropacha Ochs., Germ., Leach. Bombyx Lin.,
Fab., Lat., Haw.

Antenncc nearly straight, setaceous, strongly bipectinated in the
male (1, a.) ; slightly bipectinated in the female (2.)
MaxUlce none ? Mandibles none ?

Palpi 2, not very long, porrected, 3-jointed, hairy like a brush
in the female (3.) : more compact and acute in the male. Middle
joint twice the length of either of the others (4) : with hair removed
to show the joints.
Thorax not crested. Abdomen of male divided at the apex, and bent
upwards when viewed sideways. Wings entire, superior ones when at
rest deflexed, and the inferior projecting beyond them.
Larva tvith 16 feet: its hinder ones formed for walking, Jiat and
smooth beneath, rounded above, somewhat hairy ivith a slight tuber-
culated whart upon the penultimate joint, and fasciculi of hairs dis-
posed along the sides. Ochs.
Pupa with its segments simple, inclosed in an oblong soft cocoon.

O. PiM Linn. Faun. Suec. 1 104. Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 80. 4. Roes.
Ins. vol. i. />. 59.

Head, tiiorax and abdomen (of the male) pale fuscous. Upper
wings cinereous, chesnut-brovvn at the base extending one fourtli
of the wing, surrounding a white lunular spot : an ochraceou.s
fascia strongly marked in its outline running across parallel with
the ciliated margin, very much sinuated behind, crcnatcd before.
Under wings pale chesnut. Female one-third larger than the male,
similar in its markings, but throughout much paler.
In the Cabinet of the British Museum.

The Lepidoptera is by far the most difficult of all the Orders
to divide into genera, in consequence of the parts of the mouth
bring exceedingly minute and closely covered with scales or

hair ; and the characters to be derived from the habits of the
species will only be sufficient to divide them into families.
Latreille in his various works has comparatively done little in
the arrangement of this Order, which appears to have been
the favourite of the collector and the outcast of the scientific.
Savigny indeed is never to be forgotten for his inimitable dis-
sections, so exquisitely delineated in his " Memoires sur les
Animaux sans Vertebres," and it is to be res-retted that his
labours were limited to the comparison of the analogous organs
of some of the Orders. Schrank has instituted many good
Genera, as well as Ochsenheimer and Germar ; but the cha-
racters of the former are often not satisfactory, and the latter
frequently gives nothing more than an example of the genus.
With such assistance it is with difficulty that the genus of an
insect can be decided. The diurna, crepuscular ia^ and noc-
turna are undoubtedly the best understood ; yet it was with
great difficulty that I could determine the exact situation of
the insect now under consideration. Germar and Leach have
separated Rotatoria by the name of Odcfiesis, leaving quo-ci-
folia and Pini in the original genus Gastropacha, and the
remainder of that genus is distributed between Lasiocampa
and Eriogaster. O. Phii, however, differs so materially from
G. quercifolia, in its short palpi, straight antennae and entire
wings, as well as in the texture of its cocoon, that it will be found
to agree infinitely better with O. patatoria^ although it may
form a division in that genus.

Mr. "Wilkes about the middle of September 1748 took a
caterpillar of O. Pini upon a white-thorn bush near Richmond
Park, which lived through the winter without eating; and
my friend Joseph Sparshall, Esq., took a fine male in the Nor-
folk and Norwich hospital, 22d July 1809, and I am in-
debted to his kindness for being able to give a drawing of it.
A British specimen has never before been figured.

Bemg desirous of making the subject as complete as pos-
sible, I have been induced to copy the female caterpillar
figured in Roesel's " Der Montalich-herausgegebenen," &c.
where he says that it feeds upon Pinns si/lvestris and P. Stro-
bus ; that in June it spins a cocoon, and three weeks after
the moth appears. The caterpillar of the male, which differs
very much from that of the female, is published by Kleemann
in his continuation of Roesel's work.

Pinus stjlvestris (Scotch Fir) is figured hi the plate.

&uA/^^d€Mi' ^^/jn^Mr/l/l^^^

8.
CHRYSIS FULGIDA.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Clirysidiclco IjcU.
Type of the Genus Chrysis ignita L.

Chrysis. Antennce inserted close to the margin of the clypeus, geni-
culated, fusiform, with 13 joints. ( 1 .)
Labrum somewhat oval, entire, ciliated. (2.)
Mandibles arcuated, acute, crenated on tlie inner, hairy on the
outer edge. (3. 3.)

Maxilla' somewhat square, the apex rounded at the internal an-
gle and more acute externally, the interior margin dilated abrupt-
ly ; membranaceous and hairy above, nearly coriaceous below
the centre : Palpi 5 -jointed, much longer than the maxillte, third
joint the thickest, fourth and fifth joints slender and twice the
length of the former. (4.4.)

Mentum triangular-oblong, (5. a.). Palpi short, 3-jointed, (5.b.)
Lip with the edges conniving externally, (.'i. c.)
Clypeus with a deep impression between the eyes. Thorax semicylin-
dric, angular, divided by 3 transverse sutures : metathorax not elon-
gated into a scutelluni : Body contractile into a ball. Abdomen
attaclied by a portion only of its transverse diameter, convex above,
concave beneath, semicylindric, elongate, composed of 3 joints, the
second being the largest, the last segment abruptly divided by a trans-
verse impression with a row of impressed dots in the same direction.
Tarsi with 5 joints (8. afore leg). Oviduct /ono-, soft and membrana-
ceous, composed of several sheaths, in which is concealed a sting. Su-
perior wings with the marginal cell shut up, submarginal and inferior
discoidal cells with only a short nerve to divide them : inferior wings
without distinct nervures.

FULGIDA Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 948. 7. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 2. p. 240.
n. 8.

Shining : deeply punctured and pubescent : head, thorax, first
segment of abdomen and legs bright blue variegated with green
and purple, second and third segments of abdomen bright crim-
son reflecting gold and green : beneath green: tarsi and an-
tennae (except the first 3 joints) black. Wings fuscous. Anus
4-dentated.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Stephens.

JuRiNE has very aptly called the Chrysididas the Humming-
birds of entomologists ; for it must be confessed that nature
has been lavish in adorning them with the most splendid and
effulgent colours, which cannot fail to call forth our greatest

wonder and admiration. Every one who has taken delight
in observmg the works of Nature must have noticed the re-
splendent hues of the common C. ignita^ which is seen in the
heat of the day running up and down the southern sides of walls,
and about paling and posts in gardens where other species may
also be found. About 16 species have been taken in this island ;
some of them however are so closely allied, that on further
investigation they may prove to be only varieties.

The beautiful species represented is a female (the natural
size of which is denoted by crossed lines) : it was taken with
other specimens in June at Birch-wood or Bexley m Kent, by
a collector* who has for many years enriched the first cabi-
nets in the country by his labours ; and as I well recollect the
advantage and delight with which I used to visit this respec-
table man upon my earliest acquaintance with London, I have
pleasure in makmg mention of him here.

Latreille has very judiciously divided the Chrysididae into
seven Genera, five of whicli are British: Jurine, having founded
his Characters upon the forms of the cells of the wings, has
not adopted them.

The Genus Chrysis may be divided mto the species with
the anal joint dentated, and those with an entire margin, as in
C. rufa Pz.

The plant represented is TJilaspi Bursa-pastoris (Shepherd's
Purse).

* Mr. Standisli, 10 Prior Place, East Lane, Walworth; who has always Insects
of his own collectin£C for sale.

cf^'./yc/4*r^-&nrtW c5^/^cfg/

9.
ANTHRAX ORNATA.

Order Diptera. Fam. Anthracidae Lat.
Type of the Genus Anthrax flava Hgg.

Anthrax Scop., Fab., Lat. Musca Linn.

Antennae porrected, remote, 3-jointed, the first article cylindric,
clavate, twice the length of the second ; with long and thick
tufts of hair ; second nearly globular and hairy ; third nearly
naked, somewhat pear-shaped, with a long style terminated by
a tuft of hair, or ovate with a 1- or 2-jointed style. (3.)
Head subglobose, with 3 stemmata placed upon a little tubercle :
eyes reniform, converging behind, green when alive. (2.)
Trophi either entirely concealed, or projecting a little beyond the
head. (1 . a. part of the head which receives the trophi, and which
came away with them upon dissection.)

Labrum ( 1 . b.) horny, acute, convex above, concave beneath, in-
cloising the tongue.

Tongue considerably longer than the labrum, corneous, acumi-
nate. (I.e.)
Mandibles none.

Maxilla; (I.e.) horny, linear, acute, nearly as long as the labrum.
Palpi 2, received into the cavity of the mouth, simple, cylindric,
hairy, attached to the side of the maxillae near the base, half their
length, (l.f.)

Mentum? cylindrical, hollow above to receive the tongue and
labrum. (1. h.)

Lip fleshy, oblong, bipartite, ribbed, extending as far as the
tongue, (l.g.)
Head level with the thorax. Body 7 -jointed, short, nearly quadrate,
abruptly acuminated behind. Wings divaricating, long, lanceolate. (9.)
Halteres often concealed in the hair of the body. Posterior legs the
longest. Tarsi 5, sometimes terminated by 3 claws : pulvilli obso-
lete. (8.)

A. ORNATA Hujf'nianseg g .

Black shining : Head covered with black hair between the eyes,
silvery behind, clypeus and under side of head with golden hair.
Thorax covered with ochraceous hair before, nearly naked in the
centre. Scutellum brownish. Abdomen covered with short golden
hair, the sides surrounded with alternate fasciculi of fine white
and black hair, 3rd and 4th segments with white fasciae interrupted
in the middle, sixth with a white spot in the centre, last joint
very white with hair. Wings transparent, many-nerved, with a
brunneous cloud extending two thirds the length, sinuated at
the posterior margin, with a transverse transj)arent spot near
the base, a larger one in the centre, and 2 others near the mar-
gin at the union of the nerves. Legs black, femurs and tibi» co-
vered with close yellow hairs. Halteres yellow.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale, Mr. Bentley, and the Author.

Meigen very judiciously having separated Belzcbub from An-
thrax, and given it the generic name of Stygia, (which, how-
ever, must be changed, it having been unfortunately employed
by Draparnaud many years back to distinguish a genus of
Zygccnidce) the family now contains four genera, two of which
are British. It is probable that the sombre aspect of some of
the exotic species might have induced authors to apply the
name of Anthrax to this genus, and the association being car-
ried further, may have given rise to the eccentric use of such
names as Abaddon, Bclzebub, Cerberus, Hottentotta, Lar, Lu-
cifer, Tantalus, &c. for some of the foreign species.

A. ornata was first discovered by J. C. Dale, Esq. at Parley
Heath, on the borders of Dorset and Hants, in July 1821,
and afterwards in September 1823. It was found settling upon
heath, banks, and on the ground where the turf had been
pared off; it has also been captured by Mr. Bentley in the
same neighbourhood. A. Jiava Hgg. {A. Hottentotta Lat.)
I was so fortunate as to meet with the beginning of July 1 822
flying amongst rushes, and lighting upon the sand near the
sea-shore at Covehithe, Suflblk, and A. circumdata Hgg.
{Musca Hottentotta Linn.) has been taken in Devon on the
borders of woods in June ; they are all very rare, and the only
species at present known to inhabit Britain. Meigen has de-
scribed 58 European species ; but, as they delight in a warm
clunate, we cannot ever hope to extend our list to that num-
ber. The three species enumerated above are included in
Meigen's first division, which is disthiguished from the second
by the structure of the antennae, the concealment of the trophi,
and the absence of a nerve which divides the submarginal cell
in two.

The Anthraccs fly in the sunshine and subsist upon the juices
of flowers, which accounts probably for their wanting mandi-
bles. The origin as well as the form of the parts composing
the mouth, not being so accurately exhibited as could be
wished in Meigen and other authors, I have endeavoured as
far as possible to investigate the subject for the information of
the student.

The plant figured is Anthcmis ?iobilis (Common Chamomile),
found in gravelly soil, and belonging to a class of plants to
which Diptera are particularly attached.

^0

<%h-^J4.;U,4i^J,„U,„3,^/t'IS^

10.

NOTONECTA MACULATA.

Spotted Boatfly.

Order Hemiptera. Fam. Notonectidae Leach.

Type of the Genus Notonecta glauca Linn.

NoTONECTA Linn., Geoff., Fab., Lat.

Antennce concealed in a cavity behind the eyes, minute, 4-joint-

ed ; first joint very small, globose ; second large, somewhat cy-

lindric ; third as long as the second, but much more slender j

fourth very small, conical. (4. 4.)

Labrum exserted, large, triangular, convex : apex terminated

rather abruptly. (3. 3.)

Rostrum as long as the head, inflected, arcuated, conical, 4-joint-

ed ; first triangular, truncated ; second with a tuft of hair on each

side beneath ; third equal in length to the first and second ;

fourth small, bifid. (2. 2.)

Mandibles passing through the rostrum, like setae, acute.

Maxilla; passing through the rostrum, like setae, acute, not so

long as the mandibles.
Head vertical, transverse, as wide as anterior margin of thorax, rounded
before; eyes large, oblong, converging above, external margin sinu-
ated (l.)j Thonix hexagonal, ci/Undric, narrowed before. Scutellum
large, triangular. Abdomen long, oval, thick, flat beneath, termi-
nated on the side by a small ciliated process. Elytra notched at the
apex. Tarsi 2-jointed, the first articulation the longest, the 4 ante-
rior feet with strong claws ; the hinder pair elongate, strongly ciliated,
and with very minute claws. (6.)

N. MACULATA Fab. Eut. Syst. v. 4. p. 58. Coquebert's Illus. bis.
tab. 10. f. 1.

Thorax and head pale cinereous : scutellum black : abdomen
bright orange, black round the scutellum, and a very dark broad
spot in the centre J the apex of abdomen on each side green.
Elytra ferruginous, sj)otted irregularly with deep brown, anterior
margin pale; wings very transparent, tinged with j)ink and yel-
low J legs dull and pale green.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The genus Notonecta contains three species, diflerinn; only in
colour and markings, A'^ <^lanca Linn., N. furcata Fab., and
N.macidata. The first inhabits almost every pond; the seconil
is more local, but may be found plentifully about London, and
other parts of the kingdom; thelast appears to be confined to

the western counties, and is considered a rare and beautiful
species. I never have met with it myself, and am indebted to
J. C. Dale, Esq., who took it in Dorsetshire, for the specimens
figured.

These insects are to be found in ponds and ditches all the
year, together with the larvae and pupae (which are smaller
than the imago) : the former are without and the latter have
only rudiments of wings ; they are said to feed upon animal-
cula : the perfect insect being capable of inflicting a consider-
able wound with its rostrum, when taken, must be a formidable
enemy amongst the weaker inhabitants of the water.

The wings, which are exquisitely delicate, and the elytra
that protect them, are of little use to the insect in its natural
element; but they are necessary to its preservation, by enabling
it to seek a more congenial situation, when the place of its ha-
bitation is dried up by the heat of the sun, or other casualties.
Upon approaching a pond, these insects may be seen lying
upon their backs, with their tails touching the surface of the
water, and their heads inclined downwards, watching probably
for their prey ; and, upon the least alarm, they row off with
the greatest celerity, their hinder legs (which are most beauti-
fully fringed with long silky hair) serving them like oars, from
whence the appellation of Boatfly.

Cerastium aquaticum (Marsh Mouse-ear) is figured in the
plate.

•//

&jrb,^rj. (i,Mt,:^j-mJiyy,.rrLcA'.i48i4.

11.

MOLORCHUS MINOR.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Ceranibycld.'u Lat.

Type of the Genus Nccydalis Umbcllutarum Linn.

MoLORCiius Fab. Necydalis Linn., Lul.

Antennce inserted in a notch in the eyes, somewhat setaceous,
varying in length, first joint thick, second very small, third and
following long, cylindric and rather clavate.
Labrum very minute, hairy and dilated very much in front, cor-
diform. (1.)

Mandibles short, triangular, slightly hooked, (2.)
Maxillce crustaceous at the base, with 2 coriaceous lobes, the
external one the largest, regularly ciliated. (3. a.) Paljd 2, the
first 3 joints small, the last thick, ovoid, compressed and trun-
cated. (3. b.)

Mentum broad, convex at the sides, emarginate before. (-1. a.)
Lip coriaceous, 2-lobed. (4. b.) Valpi 2, inserted before the
lip, short, 3-jointed, formed like the others. (4. c.)
Head sloped off before. Thorax without spines, nearhj orbicular. Body
elongate, narrow, subcijlindric. Elytra abbreviated, gaping at the
apex. Wings longer than abdomen, not concealed, but folded upon
and covering the abdomen when at rest. Anterior legs shortest,
posterior longest ; tliighs very mtich clavate. Tarsi 4-jointed, spongy
beneath, the third joint deeply divided, the last rather lung, termi
nated by 2 claws. (5, a fore-leg.)

M. MINOR Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 641. 2.

M. dimidiata Fab. Fnt. Syst. t. I. pars 2. p. 357. 3.

Black, shining, pubescent. Head and thorax minutely punc-
tured, the latter cylindric, oval-truncate, having 2 longitudinal
shining lines near the centre. Elytra dark chesnut, with an
oblique light spot upon each : the tips thicker and darker. Wings
fuscous. Antenn;e ferruginous. Legs bright chesnut, the tliighs
clavate towards the joint and black. TibiiE hairy,
Li the Cabinet of the Author.

The genus Nccydalis of Latreille ought probably to be diviilccl :
1 have therefore adopted Fabriciub's generic name lor tlie

species with short elytra ; and those with long and subulated
elytra {N. rnfa Linn. &c.) may retain their original appellation
of NecydaliSf should such a division be found advisable.

Of this singular genus there are but two species in Britain :
M. minor figured in the plate (the smaller one being the na-
tural size) was taken in June 1823 upon the blossoms of a tree
in the beautiful and ornamental grounds of John Walker, Esq.,
at Arno's Grove, and communicated to me by Mr. Edwin
Walker, to whose liberality I am indebted for several rare and
interesting insects. M. Umbellatarum has been taken in the
lane leading to Darent Wood, Kent, upon the dead branches
of an old tree, where probably it bred ; and several specimens
were found also by myself in a hot day in June, upon an um-
belliferous plant in a garden adjoining the same lane.

The plant introduced with the Insect is ^thusa Cynapmm
(Fools' Parsley).

fl

r^ZK/^dSM^^:^/.^^!^ ^/Thx^-f ^SM

12.
LYCiENA DISPAR. The large Copper.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Papilionidae Lat.
Type of the Genus Papilio Phlaeas Linn.

Lyc^xa Fab. Papilio Linn. Polyommatus Lat.

Antenn<s slightly bent^ composed of about 30 joints, the second,
third, and fourth very short, the club ovate, sometimes slightly
elongated, compressed at the apex. (1. )
MaxiUce long and spiral.

Labial Palpi porrected, first joint bent, covered with scales and
hair ; second very long, thickly covered with scales and hair ;
third joint slender, attenuated, and appearing naked, (f. 4. a
palpus with the covering removed to show the joints ; their na-
tural situation and appearance are shown in f. 7. a front view of
the head.)

Tarsi 5 -jointed, the first equal in length to the remainder.
Claws small, projecting beyond the pulvilli, which are small
also. (8.)

Wings all elevated when at rest : no hook or catch at the exterior edge
of the lower wings to retain those above.

Larva oval, formed like a wood-louse, with 16 feet. Lat.

Pupa short, contracted, obtuse at both ends. Lat.

L. DISPAR Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 40. 5 1 .

P. Hippothoe Esper., Lewin, & Don.

Male, upper side, bright and deep copper colour, shining, with a
black spot in the upper, and a narrower one in the under wings j
posterior margins black, in the inferior wings crenated ; base of
upper wings and abdominal margin of lower black, ciliae white.
Head, thorax and abdomen black, with yellowish hair. Antennae
black tipped with brown, and annulated at the joints with white.
Eves margined white. Under side ; upper wings copper colour with
a cinereous margin, having 7 black spots upon its internal edge,
3 black ocellated spots parallel with the costa, an irregular trans-
verse line of 7 ocellated spots, and 2 more obscure, near the
interior margin : lower wings pale blue shaded into cinereous,
with a coi)per-coloured fascia at the posterior margin, having 8
black spots upon its internal, and 0 minute black spots iipon its
external edge, an oblique irregular line of !) ocellated spots next,
then a long narrow black spot, and 3 and 2 black ocellated spots
nearer the base, cilise cinereous. Abdomen and legs whitish.
Female larger and less bright, with the costa and base of upper
wings duller, the nerves black towards the margin, and the spots
of the underside appearing through, large, and not ocellated :
under-wings black with red nerves and a copper-coloured fiiscia
close to the margin : — under side similar to male.

In the Author a and other Cabinets.

Latreille has divided this beautiful genus into those with
the hinder wings more or less tailed (viz. Z,. dispa?; Chryseis, Vir-
gaurea and Plilceas) ; and the others with the posterior margin
entire, comprising the Blues or Argus Butterflies, amounting
to 10 British species.

The splendid species selected to be figured was first dis-
covered in Wales, as we are informed by Mr. Haworth in his
valuable work " Lepidoptera Britannica^'' by the celebrated
botanist Hudson. It has subsequently been captured by Dr.
Skrimshire and Mr. H.; and lately in considerable abundance
by Messrs. Benjamin* and Joseph Standish, who went down
to Whittlesea Meer, Huntingdonshire, in expectation of find-
ing it. They inform me that tlie end of July is undoubtedly
the right season for this Insect, although they met with it
the beginning of August 1822 and -23, flying amongst reeds,
about the centre of the Meer near Yaxley ; that it is very
active, and in windy weather conceals itself amongst the
highest reeds ; upon which the Caterpillar probably feeds, as
they found the Butterfly upon that plant just emerged from
the chrysalis, drying its wings. I have therefore introduced in
the plate a leaf of Arundo Phragmites (Common Reed) : the
Insect at rest is the male, that flying the female.

* Two collectors ; of whom I purchased L. diipar, — and who dispose of all the
Insects they take. One lives at 10 Weymoutli-street, New Kent Road; the other
at 10 King-street, Old Kent Road,

^5

<-%/A0-jd4^.,i,^ AmjyTl^. mij^- / fS^H

13.
EUMENES ATllICORNIS.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. VespacKic Led.

Type of the Genus Eumenes atricornis Fab.

EuMENEs Fah., Lat., III. Vespa Linn,

Antenna- inserted in the centre of the face, approximating, slightly
genicuhited, thickest toward their extremities, 12-jointed, the
male having a thirteenth joint like a claw, equal in length to the
last 3 joints. First and third joints long, second small, (f. I. An-
tenna of male.)

Labrum an elongated triangle, or quadrate broadest at the base,
ciliated in front. (2.)

Mandibles when at rest forming a rostrum or beak, long, narrow,
having 3 clefts, which form -4 teeth on the internal edge. (3.)
Maxiilce elongated, ciliated, coriaceous towards their apex, cor-
neous next the palpi, and at their base. Palpi verv long, (i-joint-
ed, first and second joints long, third shorter, 3 last small and
slender. (4.)

Mention oblong, cylindric, contracted above the insertion of the
palpi. (5. a.)

Pa/pilong, 4-jointed, 2 first long and clavate ; third, half the
length of second ; the fourth very small. (.">. b.)
Lip coriaceous, striated transversely, elongate, dilated at the
apex, bilobed, each lobe terminated by a gland (.5. c.) ; a move-
able lobe on each side shorter than the lip, dilated at the base,
and terminated by a gland. (5. d.)
Clj'peus convex?, cordiform, bijid in front. Eyes deeply emarginafe.
Ocelli 3, distinct, smooth. Thorax with a triangular piece extend-
ing from the anterior margin to the scutellum. Abdomen with the
first segment contracted into an arched, elongated peduncle, equal in
length to the rest of the abdomen, or with a short funnel-shaped seg-
ment, the remaining 6 joints ovate-conic. Superior wings folded
when at rest, 3 submarginal cells complete. Tarf^i, first joint equal
in length to S following ; Jifth terminated by pulvilli and claws, with
a tooth on their internal edge. (8.) Females and Neuters armed with
stings. Larvse omnivorous.

E. ATUicoRMs Fab. Si/st. Piez. 289 17.

Black, hairy, punctured, a yellow spot between the antennse ;
clypcus partly or entirely yellow; anterior margin of thorax,
base of the wings, jjoslerior margin of scutellum, ami a spot on
each side, yellow ; margin of peduncle, a large spot on eadi side
first joint of abdomen (which is campanulate), a broad sinuated
margin, and narrower margins to the 2 following joints, yellow.
Legs yellow. Thighs black. Wings fuscous. Claw of autenuu
yellow.

Ill the I'dlincts of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The genus Eumenes is composed of those Wasps wliich are
solitary in their habits ; not congregating and forming nests,
like the common Wasps and Hornets ; Fabricius in his Si/-
stemaPiezatoTtmi described 23 species, 3 of which are European,
and Panzer has added 3 or 4 more to them ; but it was not
recorded as a British genus until my friend the Rev. W.
Kirby (equally celebrated for his invaluable works and for
his acute observations) discovered it in an entomological ex-
cursion with Mr. Dale upon Parley Heath, on the borders of
Hampshire, July 3, 1821; — at the end of August 1822, I
captured 2 on the same heath upon gravelly and dry banks ;
and earlier in the last year, I am informed by Mr. Bentley, it
was found by him settling upon different species of Ericae
which are common in such situations.

Emnenes may probably at a future period be separated into
two genera ; but as I cannot detect any important differences
in the Trophi after the most careful examination, I shall only
propose to make 2 divisions of them: the 1st may contain the
species with a long petiole to the abdomen; the 2nd (to which
our Insect belongs) those with the 1st segment short and funnel-
shaped, of which the parts composing the mouth agreeing with
the habit of the Insects, are more robust and obtuse than in
the 1st division.

The plant figured is the beautiful Erica Tetralix (Cross-
leaved Heath).

u

cyiu/^OydSc^^J^J^'WjM' ■fJ<99J

14.
HiEMOBORA PALLIPES.

Order Omaloptera Leach. Fam. Hippoboscidtc Leach.

Type of the Genus H. pallipes nob.

H^MOBORA noh.

Antennce inserted close to the anterior angles of the clypeus, glo-
bular, hairy, and sunk into the head. (2. a.)
Labrum horny, elongate, hollow, sliglitly arcuated, inclosing the
tongue.

Tongue nearly as long as labrum, slender.
Lip horny, arched, hollow, inclosing the labrum and tongue.

Maxiilce ^ rigid, obtuse, ciliated with strong hairs, united at their
internal edges, bent downwards, inclosing the proboscis, and
extending beyond the head like a beak. (1 . and 2. e.)
Mention large, coriaceous, membranaceous, covering and con-
cealing the base of proboscis. (1. h.)
Ocelli 3, in a triangle, sunk in foveolse.

Wings very long, rounded, first marginal or mediastinal cell ex-
tending one-third the length of the wing ; second marginal cell
very long, rounded at the end, discoidal cells united, G obscure,
imperfect nerves extending to posterior margin.
Tarsi 5-jointed, last the longest 3 Claws, lengthened at their
base on each side the pulvillus. (8.)
Head broader than long, somewhat irlun^ular, divided from the thorax.
Eyes venj remote, small. Thorax a little broader than head, nearlif
quadrate, dilated near the base of wings, notched anteriorly. Scu-
tellum broad and short. Halteres very distinct. Abdomen small,
nearly conical, peduncled, coriaceous towards its base, the remainder
spongy. Feet extended, thick, first pair remote from the wings, in-
seited almost under the head.
Larvii nourished in the abdomen of the mother, and excluded befoie

transformation. Lat.
Pupa inclosed in the indurated skin of the larva, sub-orbicularly im-
pressed at one end. Lat.

H. pallipes nob.

Shining, with strong hairs scattered over the limbs and body ;
pale and dull ; greenish-yellow clouded with brown. Eyes and
claws black. Thorax bcneatii punctured and covered with short,
strong erect hairs. Wings nearly transparent, nerves yellow,
the costa slightly ciliated.

Jn the Cabinet of Mr. Samouelle.

Tnv. curious tribe to wliicli this Insect belongs forms a 2ti<I
division of Latreilk's Dijilcra, and is called Eprnhnscidca.

Dr. Leach, who investigated the species with great attention
in the 2nd vol. of the " Werneriaii Transactions," subsequently
constituted them as an Order, the propriety of which cannot
be doubted, when we consider that these Insects are very dif-
ferent to the Diptera both in structure and economy.

The genus that I have proposed appears to connect Orni-
thomyia and Melophagus: to the former it is allied by its wings,
the nerves of which however are very different ; and to the
latter by its head and antennae. It will be seen that my
ideas regardinff the mouth differ from those of other authors ;
but as an universal harmony reigns through Nature, I have
little doubt but analogous parts to those of the Diptera, vary-
ing in their modifications, will be found to bear me out in my
observations. The proboscis contahis a labrum, tongue, and
a corneous instead of a fleshy lip ; the mentum is veiy large
(protecting and concealing two-thirds of the proboscis), with
2 valves projecting behind, which I imagine to be maxillae :
Latreille suspects they may be palpi, and they have been con-
sidered by some authors as mandibles ; but I know of no in-
stance in which palpi are rigid and solid ; and where mandibles
are developed in the Diptera, they are lancet-shaped, to enable
the Insect more effectually to inflict a wound to obtain nourish-
ment; whereas in the Omoptera they are not only obtuse, but
furnished with strong bristles, which would render them very
unfit for such purposes.

Quadrupeds and birds are the habitations of these Insects,
upon whose blood they subsist, and amongst whose wool and
feathers many of them secrete themselves so effectually, that
it is almost impossible to detect them until some time after
the death of the animal ; when the blood becomes cold, they
may be seen running in every direction. The unique and
nondescript species figured, was taken from off the clothes of
Mr. J. Chant, in the New Forest, about the middle of Sep-
tember 1822, by Mr. Samouelle, whose "Introduction to the
Knowledge of British Insects " has contributed so much to-
wards the advancement of Entomology in this country, it
having been rendered more generally useful by being written
in our own language.

Caucalis Anthriscus (Hedge Hen's-foot, or Red Hedge-
parsley,) accompanies the Insect in the plate.

J6

'JjjJjlAf(iy-W/u/'^.:^inU>^i 'C/ft/rU '/ /(^^

15.
OMASEUS ATERUIMUS.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Carabidae Lat.
Type of the Genus Carabus aterrimus Fab.

Omaseus Ziegler. Carabus Linn., Fab. Harpalus Lat. Poecillus
Bon.

Antenn(E filiform, first joint the largest, cylindric, oblong, second
the smallest, third twice the lengtifi of the second, the following
hairy, of nearly equal length. (6.)

Labriim nearly quadrate, straight at its base, rounded at its cor-
ners, emarginate and hairy in front. (1.)

Mandibles arcuated, acute, with a small tooth or elevation about
the middle of the internal edge, and minute clefts near the
base. (2.)

Maxillce considerably bent at the apex, strongly ciliated on the
internal edge, and externally towards the base, with 2 long hairs
on the horny edge : internal palpi 2-iointed : external 4-jointed,
first joint small and bent, second robust, twice the length of the
first, and curved the contrary way, third same length as second,
somewhat clavate, fourth shorter^ oval, truncate. (3.)
Mentum large, broad and .straight at its base, narrowed before,
sides very convex, deeply emarginate in front, with a bifid pro-
cess in the centre : /^rt/pJ3-jointe(l, first joint very small, second
long, rather uneven on its internal edge, third long, truncate :
labium projecting beyond the first joint of palpi, produced into
a spine on each side. (4.)
Thorax siibquadraie, transverse, slightlij rounded behind, v:itk an im-
pression on each side of its base. Abdomen elongate, ovate, robust.
Wings 2. Feet formed for running. Anterior tarsi with 3 dilated
joints. Anterior tibiae notched on their internal edge. (5.)

Aterrimus Fab. Ent. Syst. ]. p. 15G. n. 141.

Black, shining : 2 impressed lines on the forehead. Tliorax
broader than head, with a narrow slightly reflected margin, a
semi-circular line in front, from which a channel extends down the
centre. Elytra broader than thorax, striated, with 2 punctures
in the second stria from the suture, and another in the third,
nearer the base.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Sparshall and the Author.

This j^enus, proposed by Ziegler and adopted by Dejcan, has
not hitherto been published with any defined characters that
I am aware of: but as the species composing it do not associate

well with any of the other Harpali of Latreille, I have little
doubt, as I proceed with the other groups of that extensive
family, I shall be able to show clearly that the trophi are
sufficiently different to warrant forming them into a distmct
genus.

l^he individuals which Omaseus comprises found in this
country are O. aterrimus figured in the plate (which is a male,
and drawn rather larger than life) ; H, orinomum of Leach,
taken in Scotland and Ireland; and C nigrita Fab., which
is the C. aterrimus of Entomologia Britannica : it is to be found
under the bark and at the roots of trees, and is common every
where ; but our insect, the true O. aterrimus of Fab., was un-
known! as an inhabitant of this island until it was discovered
ill Norfolk by my lamented friend the late Joseph Hooker, Esq.
of Norwich. Mr. Sparshall afterwards found a specimen at
Horning in the same county, which had just settled upon a plant
in the marshes, the wings being at the time unfolded ; and in
January 1822 he was so obliging as to take me to the same
neighbourhood, where I had the pleasure of finding 2 spe-
cimens secreted in crevices in the bark of pollard willows by
the side of the river : they did not appear to be much affected
by the cold at the time, although the tranquil waters which
covered the surrounding ronntry were frozen over; for one of
them made its escape, and Iklliiig into the river, which had
overflov/ed its banks, it sunk, and must have attached itself to
the grass at the bottom, for after the most diligent search we
could not find it : at the end of November in the same year
we went again, when we found a considerable number appa-
rently in their natural habitation, the decayed stumps of trees
that had been cut down by the sides of ditches which frequently
overflowed them : we dug many out of the trees, so completely
enveloped that it is difficult to imagine how they could have
got there, unless they had resided in the wood in the larva
state : it is evidently a very local species, attached to damp
situations, and able in warm weather to fly with celerity.
Mr. Stephens has also had several sent from Ireland, which
came safe to him in a letter by the mail ; they were said to
have been taken in an ants nest, the inhabitants of which
they probably devour, as the Carabidae live upon other insects,
and will even destroy their own species.

Peziza aurantia of Persoon (Orange Spread-cup) being
found at the roots of decayed trees, it accompanies the insect
in the plate.

)6

16.

PERONEA RUFICOSTANA.

Rufous-margined Button Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae Leach.
Type of the Genus P. Cristahina Don.

Pf.roxea noh. Pyralis Fab., Lat. Tortrix Huh., Ilaw., Leach.

AntenncB inserted on the crown of the head near to the eyes,
rather thickest in the middle, having a serrated appearance
under a lens, com))ose(l of 50 joints or more^ hairy vvith a few
scales, first joint cylindric, second smaller, nearly globular. ( 1 .)
MaxiUce as long as the palpi. (3.)

Palpi 2, completely covered (when perfect) with scales, and
hairy at the margins and apex (4.) ; first joint short, clavatcj se-
cond very long, dilated in the middle ; third joint slender, half
the length of last (4. a. the scales being removed to show the ar-
ticulations).

Wings rounded at the base, appearing ciliated on the costa, either

with small tufts of scales, or with one large tuft in the centre of

the upper wing. (9.)

Anterior legs with the first joint of the tarsus nearly as long as the tibice;

coxa nearly as long as the femur. (8. b.) Posterior legs 5 femur

short (8. b.), tibia long, with 2 spines in the centre and 2 at the apex

(8. a.), all the tarsi 5-jointed. Caterpillars with \6feet?

RuFicosTANA nob.

Upper wings dull violaceous, yellowish white at their interior
margins, a mark of chesnut, darkest in the middle, extending
obliquely from the base nearly to the apex ; a very minute tuit
of bright ferruginous scales near the centre; and an interrupted
line of spots parallel with the posterior margin ; cilia rufous.
Head, palpi and thorax white. Abdomen and inferior wings fus-
cous.

In the Cabinet of Mr. St07ie.

The genus Tortrix, containing at present upwards of 250
British species, may with propriety be considered a family ;
and as it is composed of numerous natural groups, it will l3e
found impossible clearly to understand them unless they are
formed into genera: with this object in view, I have proposed
the ^ewns Pcronca (which is derived from the Greek, and sig-
nifies a button), and divided it into those with a large elevated
tuft of scales in the centre of the upper wings, the others
having small tubercles only dispersed over them. The follow-

ing arrangement of the species may be acceptable to those
who have a collection of this beautiful genus, and will enable
me to explain the affinities of the neighbouring groups when
they come under consideration. I have carefully examined
the palpi of every individual, and have to regret that many of
the species have only manuscript names, (all of which are
printed in italics,) an inconvenience which it is hoped will soon
be superseded by the completion of Mr. Haworth's Lepido-
ptera Britannica, which it is understood will contain a Supple-
ment in which all the new species will be described.

1 cristana F.

2 suhvittana Step.

3 albipunclana Haw.

4 striana Haw.

5 N. S.

6 consimUana Step.

7 vitlana Step.

8 siibstriana Step.

9 spadiceana Haw.
10 N. S. ?

\\ fulvocriitana Step.

12 albovittana Step.

13 sericeana Hub.

14 N. S. ?

Peronea

15 N. S. ?

\f) fidvovittana Step.

17 Cristalana Don.

1 8 profanana F.

19 iV. .S".

20 brunneana Step.

*.*

21 eximiana Haw.

22 Byringerane Hub.

23 N. S.

24 autumnana Hub.

25 plumbosana Haw.

26 Boscana F.

27 subcristana Step.

28 iV. S. ?

29 latifasciana Haw.
SO X. S.

31 centrovittana Haw.

32 combustana Hub.

33 albistriana Haw.

34 umbrana Hub.

35 raviistriana Haw. ?
86 divibana Hub.

37 radiana Hub.

38 strigana Step.

39 ruficostana nob.

40 bistriana Haiv.

41 similana Step.

42 albicostana, Step.

Tortrix favillaceana, asijiana, and tristana, would follow
P. Bi/ringerana very well, but the last joint of the palpi is not
concealed, otherwise they agree both in the proportion and
form of the joints ; and I suspect, if we admit these 3 species,
that T. logiana, ScJialleriana, nifana, borana, Asperana and
variegana must be admitted also.

The unique and nondescript species figured (the natural
size of which is given with the dissections) was beat from
out the white-thovn, at the end of September 1823, in the New
Forest, and is now in the cabinet of Mr. Stone, whose un-
rivalled collection of this family I have been allowed to ex-
amine at my leisure, and through M'hose liberality I am enabled
to give dissections of this rare and valuable genus.

These insects conceal themselves in the Lichen parictinus
(figured in the plate) when it grows upon the white-thorn,
and have nearly all been taken at Darent and Coombe Woods,
and in the New Forest, from the end of September to No-
vember, and even during January and February occasionally.

^n

dluJb-.lA^ Cj-du^dij JinU^ l.lf,^,/l/lif^A

17.
CRCESUS SEPTENTRIONALIS.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Tentliredinidae Lat.

Type of the Genus Tenthredo septentrionalis Linn.

CutEsus Leach. Nematus Jur., Lat. Tenthredo Linn., Fab.

Antenna; inserted between the eyes, simple, in both sexes longer
than the body (especially in the females), rather thicker in the
middle, and tapering towards the apex, hirsute, 9-jointed, first
joint short, second very short, the following long, and decreas-
ing in length to the apex. (I.)

Labrum exserted, pilose and ciliated, transverse quadrate, convex
at the sides, rounded and slightly emarginate before. (2.)
Mandibles exserted, robust, depressed, acute, with one internal
tooth towards the apex. (3.)

Maxillic narrow and corneous at the base (4. a.), dilated in the
middle, and produced into a tooth on the internal edge (c.) ; apex
membranaceous, and appearing ovate externally, from the edges
curving inward : Palpi long, inserted near the centre of the exter-
nal side, 6-jointed, first joint shortest, fourth and fifth longest,
sixth nearly filiform, (b.)

Mentum quadrate, dilated and emarginate before (5. a.) ; Palpi
4-jointed, irregular, the third being the thickest, (b.)
Lip membranaceous, 3-lobed, the centre narrow and dilated at
the apex, side lobes somewhat hemispherical, striated towards
their apex, thickened at their margins and ciliated. (5. c.)

Clypeus broad, emarginate. Ocelli 3. Abdomen sessile, short, cjjlin-
dric in the male, deflexed in the female. Oviduct not exserted, com-
posed of two lamellce, which are serrated. Superior wings witli the
marginal cell complete, and 4 submarginal cells. Tibite of hinder
legs dilated at their apex. Tarsi b-jointed, first joint the longest,
very much dilated and compressed iti the posterior legs, as is shown
in the coloured fgure. Claws unidentate internally, Pulvilli in the
centre. (8. a fore-leg.) Larva unth 20 membranaceous feet.

Septentrionalis Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 926. 36. Fab. Ent. ISyst. t. 2.
p. 1 19. n. 56.
Black, shining) head and thorax slightly punctured, pubescent,
a pale yellow spot on each side thescutellum, third, fourth, fifth,
sixth and seventh segments of the abdomen in the male, and
third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and aspot on the seventh in the female,
briglit brick colour j base of thighs, tibiye and tarsi in the 4 an-
terior legs ochraceous, base of tibiae and coxte in posterior legs
whitish. Superior wings pale, ferruginous towards the centre.

Li the Author's and other Cabinets.

When I took the female figured in the plate, many years
back, in a meadow near Bungay, Suffolk, it was considered a
valuable species ; but it has been frequently captured since,
although never in any abundance. It is said to be taken at
Darent Wood, Kent, in June ; and Fabricius says the per-
fect insect is found amongst alders in the North of Europe, and
that the caterpillars are gregarious, green, spotted black, with
a yellow apex ; many of the larvae of this family are very simi-
lar in appearance to those of the Lepidopf era ; they feed upon
the leaves of plants, are often very brilliant, and have a pecu-
liar manner of rolling themselves up if touched ; when full-
grown they curl up a leaf in the most artful manner to protect
them in the chrysalis state: their feet are very differently
situated to the Lepidoptera ; and the accurate Jurine observes,
that the number of them regulates the number of the marginal
and submarginal cells in the superior wings, which shows the
importance of a knowledge of the imperfect, to be thoroughly
informed of the affinities of the perfect insect.

The present genus, of which we only know the species
figured, was separated from Nematus of Jurine by Dr. Leach
in the 3rd vol. of the Zoological Miscellany, in a paper upon
the external characters of the Tenth redinidae; the dUated
tibiae and tarsi in both sexes indicate a different mode of life
to the other Nemati : this singular conformation appears occa-
sionally in many of the Orders, although we are ignorant of
its uses except in the poUinigerous Apidag.

The insects of this family may easily be known by their
ample wings of many complete cells, and perfectly sessile ab-
domen, and on more close inspection by their peculiar oviduct:
when alarmed, many of them bend down their heads and an-
tennaa very forcibly, so as to show the attachment of the thorax.

The plant figured is Crepis Tectorum (Smooth Hawk's-
beard).

/i-

\) ti*

2

' U^c'yrJ-{i„r£, J^m^n. CZ/ti'tl /f y/Cfid

18.
EMPIS BOREALIS.

Order Diptera. Fam. Empidaj Lat.

Type of the Genus E. tessellata Fab.

Empis Linn., Fab., Lat., Melg. Asilus Linn.

AntenncB porrected^ 5-jointedj first joint cylindric, second ob-

conic or turbinate i third long, subulate; fourth very small, cup-

ghapedj fifth long, slender, attenuated. (3.) The antennae of

£. borealis is also figured (3. a.), to show the great length of the

third, and the shortness of the terminal joint.

Labrum horny, hollow, bifid, dilated at its base. (1. b.)

Tongue horny, linear, acute, as long as labrum. (I.e.)

Mandibles none.

MaxiZ/<^ attenuated, acute, shorter than labrum. (I.e.) Palpi

erect, filiform, pilose, attached to the base of maxillae, not half

their length. (1. f.)

Mentum bent, slender, rather short. (I. h.)

Lip siphon-formed, submembranaceous, very long, clavate, bi-

lobed, ciliated. (1. g.)

Proboscis often as long as the head and thorax, perpendicular or in
Jlected under the breast. (2.) Head small, globose ; eyes distant only
in the females, with 3 stemmati. Halleres 2. Abdomen of male
truncate and bilobed at apex ; of the female robust, attenuated, with

2 appendages at the apex. Wings incumbent, parallel, with 4 mar-
ginal cells, including the small one near the apex, 2 submarginal,

3 discoidal and A posterior marginal cells. Posterior legs the longest.
Tarsi 5-jointed. Pulvilli 2. (8. a fore-leg.)

BoBEALis Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 1003. I. Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 4. p. 403. n. \.
Male very dark gray, pilose. Eyes contiguous. Thorax with
4 black stripes. Body shining. Wings lanceolate, ciliated, pale
brown, transparent in the centre, slightly ferruginous at the
costa, with a brown spot towards the apex. Halteres yellow.
Legs black. Thighs more or less ferruginous, as well as tibiae
in last pair. Female : Eyes distant, marks upon thorax very di-
stinct. Wings large, broad, obtuse, semi-transparent, brown,
ferruginous at the costa and base.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Vigors.

This curious Insect, which has never been ascertained to be
a native ol' Great Britain, has been found in Ireland by James
Tardy, Esq. of Dublin : — for 'ipeciuion^, and the following ex-

tract from Mr, T.'s letter upon the subject, I have to acknow-
ledge my obligations to N. A. Vigors, Esq. — " 1 took this
insect two succeeding years (1822 and 1823) early in the
month of May along the margin of Lough-bray, a small lake
in the county of Wicklow, close to which the military road
passes. I have not been able to ascertain the elevation above
the level of the sea of this lake ; but I think I do not err much
in saying that it may be about 1200 feet. The rocks sur-
rounding it are primary (granite), and the surface is entirely a
black peat in many places several feet in depth ; the plants
almost exclusively prevailing are our Common Heath [Erica
vulgaris), Vacci?iium Mi/rtilltis, and a variety of Mosses occur-
ring in such situations ; there are also a few stunted Willows,
Mountain Ash, and Birch. I have seen few places of the
same elevation so perfectly alpine : at the period of my visits
the insect occurred in great numbers, almost like some of the
Ephemeridce."

Linnaeus finding^this species in Lapland gave it the specific
name of horealis : it has since been taken in Bavaria and
near Aix-la-Chapelle, upon the flowers of the willow: Fa-
bricius says that in Sweden it is seen in clear and serene
evenings dancing in the air.

Mr. Kirby, in his entertaining Introduction to Entomology,
compares the rostrum of the Emjndce and Asili with the beak
of a bird, and some of their wings with the fins of a fish, of
which there cannot be better examples perhaps than the head
of E. tessellata, and the wings of the female E. borealis figured
in the plate; from the peculiar form of which, Mr. Stephens is
disposed to consider the latter a distmct genus, in which
opinion he is supported by the difference of the antennae from
the generic type. Meigen in his last volume, published in
1822, enumerates 47 European species of Empis ; in this
country there are only about 12 known.

The female Taxzis baccata (Common Yew-tree), found in
mountainous woods, is figured in the plate.

fO

\J

\ 1

,7).

^ 0 '^^z?

J'^aMrt'uiy'^UifKhjJCimdim. /fi». // ^X/'

19.
RHIPIPHORUS PARADOXUS.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Mordelladae Lat.
Type of the Genus Mordella paradoxa Linn.

Rhipiphorus Fab., Lat., Sec. Mordella Linn.

AntenncB inserted between the eyes, distant, 1 1 -jointed, basal
joint largest, sub-obconic, second smallest, the 8 following in the
males flabellate or bipectinated, terminal joint ver\- Ion? and
filiform (f. 6.) : third joint longest in the females, singly branch-
ed, a.s well as the 8 following. (6. a,)
Labrum coriaceous, porrected, semioval, ciliated. (1.)
Mandibles arcuated, acute at apex, without teeth, hairv exter-
nally. (2.)

Maiilhs ver}- small, slightly bilobed, ciliated : Palpi hair\', 4-joint-
ed, first joint ven.' small, second and fourth the longest, trun-
cated obliquely. (3.)

Mentum elongated, narrow in the middle, terminating in a blunt
point : Palpi 2-jointed, hairy, basal joint the smaller, terminal
clavate. (4.)
Head cordiform, very small, not visible from above. Eyes not emar-
ginate. Thorax very much arched., trilobed, the centre behind pro-
duced into a scutellary angle. Scutellum none or obscure. Body
elevated, arcuate, laterally compressed, very acute. Elytra elongated,
shorter than body, acuminated at apex, gaping. Wmgs folded, as
long as body. Tarsi simple, posterior 4-jointed, the others 5-jolnfed ;
middle and posterior legs longest. Tibiae tcUh spurs. Claws bifid
at apex.

Pabadoxus Lirm. Faun. Suec. 831. Fab. Ent. Syst. ].pars2. 111.5.
Mars. Ent. Brit 491.9.
Black, pubescent, punctiired. Thorax deeply and widely chan-
nelled in the centre, side lobes testaceous. Elytra testaceous in
the male, black at the apes, black in the female slightlv tinged
with testaceous. Wings fuscous at apex. Abdomen orange,
anus black, sometimes entirely black. Claws testaceous.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This beautiful and interesting insect, which is the only spe-
cies that inhabits Britain, was considered a few years back one
of our most valuable acquisitions, being only met with acci-
dentally, from our ignorance of its habits and economy ; but
having been discovered in its natural habitation bv mv friends
Dr. Leach and W. S. MacLeay, Esq., the attention of natu-
ralists was called to the subject, and it has since been taken

in profusion in Shropshire, by the Rev. F. W. Hope ; and at
Southgate, not uncommonly, by Mr. Edwin Walker, in August
and September 1823", to whom I am indebted for the very fine
specimens figured in the plate, which far exceed in size any that
I have seen elsewhere ; and this gentleman observed, that the
individuals taken in August were much smaller than those that
were captured later in the autumn. I have seen this insect
alive in Norfolk : it has also been taken in Somersetshire ; and
my friend Mr. Dale found one in his orchard in Dorsetshire,
which induced us to search for a wasp's nest, which we found
in the neighbourhood ; and having destroyed and dug it up,
at night it was conveyed home in a vessel closely covered, and
upon examination the next morning I had the gi'atification of
releasing a male from one of the cells, the external figure of
which was sexagonal, but the operculum was circular ; and the
same structure is exhibited in one that Mr. Stephens received
from Mr. Hope.

The eggs must be deposited in the cells of the wasps, for
which purpose the acute abdomen of the female is well adapt-
ed ; and the larvae, when hatched, are probably nourished by
the wasps as their own offspring : — the perfect msect, from the
smallness of its mouth and the weakness of its organs, cannot,
however, be a very formidable enemy. When it emerges from
the chrysalis, it leaves the nest and resorts to neighbouring
flowers, like the rest of the Mordelladce : the wasps therefore
can sustain no other injury than that which arises from the few
cells occupied by the larvae.

The smaller figure in the plate (which is the natural size)
is the female, and from its different colour was considered
by Panzer a distinct species, which he called JR. angidaUis ; the
figure of the male is magnified, and is not only distinguished
from the other sex by its colour, but by its beautiful flabellated
antennae.

The plant is Achillea Millefolium (Common Yarrow).

w

dU ly cf-0M*l<^^onJ^ ^yn^ y f/fU

20.
PENTATOMA CiEllULEA.

Order Hemiptera. Fam. Pentatomidae Leach.

Type of the Genus Cimex rufipes Linn.

Pbntatoma Ol'w., Lat. Clmex Linn., Fab., tVolff.

Antennae exserted, inserted under the margin of the head before
the eyes, nearly filiform or slightly clavate, longer than the head,
articulated, .'i-jointed, the joints varying in length. (4 A. C.)
Rostrum inflected, distinctly 4-jointed, the second and third
joints rather the longest, terminal joint hairy. (2.)
Labrum very long, attenuated, tranvcrsely striated^ received into
a canal in the basal joint of the rostrum (3.) ; its natural situa-
tion is shown at 3. a.

Mandibles ^nA\ yy . . ,, u *u„ >„o +..„«,

nj J, > like setae passing through the rostrum.

Head trigonate, immersed nearly, or quite up to the eyes in the thorax.
Thorax with the anterior margin much narrotccr than the posterior,
sometimes produced into a spine on each side. Abdomen ovate, de-
pressed, immarginate. Scutellum large, not covering the wings or
elytra. Elytra coriaceous, membranaceous at apex, crossing each
other horizontally. Posterior Tibiae notched internally. Tarsi
3-jointed, middle joint small. (6. a. fore-leg.)

C^RULEA Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 722. 50. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 4. p. 123.
n. 166.
Cyaneous, sometimes tinged with violaceous or green, shining,
punctured. Abdomen very minutely and regularly punctured 3 tips
of elytra brunneous. Wings slightly fuscous, iridescent.

In the Authors and other Cabineis.

Few Orders, perhaps, present a greater variety of outline, or
more beautiful sculpture, than the European Hemijitcra ,-
the Coleoptcra and Lejndoptera caiuiot exceed the brilliancy
and powerful opposition of colours in many of the Chinese
and South American species. With such attractions, there-
fore, it is not a little surprising, that in this counti'y they
should have been totally disregarded ; and whilst, on the one
hand, we have been assisted by Marshaui's Coleoptcra, and on
the other by Haworth's L,epidoptera Britannica, we have no
guide in this department, except in the rare and incomplete
works of our Continental neighbours. Durijig the progress of

the Entomological Transactions, I had hoped that this deside-
ratum would have been supplied by my fi*iend the Rev. J. Bur-
rell ; and although his valuable researches upon this subject
have been so long withheld from the scientific world, I still hope
he may be induced to supply this want by its publication.

The genus Pentatoma maybe divided into three sections: —
A. Thorax produced into a spine on each side; third joint of
antennae the longest (fig. 4. A.), containing P. bidens, 7-^iifipes,
ciistos and Itirida.
B *. Thorax angulated, broader than abdomen; antennae with
the third joint the shortest. P. Lynx^ Baccarum and
grisea.
* * with the second and following joints of antennae of equal
length. P. dissimilis and prasina.
C. Thorax the same breadth at its base as the abdomen ; an-
tennae with the basal jomt oval, second the longest (f. C.)
P. Juniperina^ melanocephala, pei'lata, festiva, oleracea
and carulea.
In Mr. Vigors's cabinet is a species which belongs to this last
division, received from Dr. Leach with the name of P. picta.
It agrees tolerably well with the description in Fabricius, but
I believe that Dr. L. was not satisfied of its authenticity as a
British species.

Although Cimex hccmorrhoidalis, litiirata and agathina have
always heen included in the genus Pentatoma^ I was very much
inclined to think that they possessed good characters to esta-
blish a distmct genus; and upon a carefiil investigation, (exclu-
sive of the antennae having the first joint equal in length to any
of the others, vide fig. B., and of a curious keel-shaped ridge
arising near the extremity of the abdomen beneath, and pass-
ing between the legs nearly up to the head,) the tarsi consist of
but two joints, which do not agree with the characters even of
the famUy laid down by Mons. Latreille and Dr. Leach. I
shall take the first opportmiity of describing this group, which
I propose calHng Acanthosoma.

P. cocndea flies well in the sun-shine, and is to be met with
about July in Coombe Wood, upon the leaves of trees in the
heat of the day. I have taken it between Linton and Exmoor,
upon heath, at the end of September. The natural size is shown
by the smaller insect upon the plant Erysiimtm cheiranthoides
(Treacle Worm-seed),

^/

iiUrinf rj ^>A. j^i.^ orUf r i^y

21.

EYPREPIA RUSSULA.

Clouded Buff Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Arctiadse Leach.
Type of the Genus Bombyx Cuja Linn.

Eyprepia Ochsenheimer. Arctia Schranlc, Lat. Bombyx Fab. Pha-

laena Linn.

^rt<en»(E setaceous (f. 1.), composed of many joints, covered with

scales above^ naked beneath, bipectinated and cihated in the

males, each branch having a bristle at its apex, (l.a.) rather

serrated in the females (f. 2.), each serrature being terminated by

a bristle, (2. a.)

Labrum and i n i i

,, ,., , > small and obscure.

mandibles J

Maxilla; about the same length as the head, composed of 2 se-
parate filaments, distant, broad and flat.

Labial palpi 2 , porrected, covered with long hairs (4.), three-
jointed (4. a. the hairs being removed to show the articulations.)
Wings trigonate, deflexed, undivided. Anterior tibia with a compress-
ed spine in the centre of its internal side. Caterpillars hairy, with
\ 6 feet.

RussuLA Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 830. 71. Fab. Ent. Syst. t.3. pars 1.
p. 464. n. ISO. P. sannio Linn. Faun. Suec. 1135. Bombyx
sannius Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 133. n. 96.

Male. Superior wings and thorax vitellinous, costa slightly fuscous,
anterior margin towards the apex, interior margin, a lunulated
spot in the centre, and cilia puniceous. Abdomen and inferior
wings yellowish white ; spot in the centre and fimbria fuliginous,
cilia puniceous ; main rib of antenns, palpi and legs tinged with
red. Under side, superior wings pale ochraceous, costa coccine-
ous 3 base, a large spot near the centre, and a transverse irre-
gular bar, brunneous ; inferior wings pale yellow, with the lu-
nulated spot scarcely visible. Female smaller than the male, dull
orange, superior wings with an obscure lunulated s])Ot ; costa, in-
terior margin, and veins dull jiuniceous. Abdomen banded with
black ; inferior wings with their base, abdominal margin, fimbria
and a spot near the centre dull black. Under side orange,
slightly clouded with black, having a black spot near the centre
of each wing. Thorax, abdomen, and legs beneath sanguineous.

Li the Author's and other Cabinets.

Ochsenheimer having included in this genus Arctia, Calli-
mopha, and Lithosia o\ Lntrcille, I have retained tliree spe-

cies only of the former genus under his name Eyprepia, viz.
E. nissica, caia and villica, all of which differ so much in the
form of the palpi that they belong to separate divisions, and
may hereafter be thought, with the other analogous foreign
species, to constitute as many good genera. Figs. 5. and 5 a.
are the palpi of E. russica, to show their difference from those
of the type E. caia, which are given at 4'. and 4. a. It is a little
singular that E. russica, which does not associate so well with
the type as E. villica by analogy, should agree much better
with it in structure, the palpi of the last-mentioned species
being terminated by a long cylindric joint, which is nearly
naked. Phalana Plantaginis Linn., which has hitherto been
included in Eyprepia, is inadmissible from the great dissimi-
litude of the palpi, the first and third joints of which are nearly
globose.

The three species found in this country are amongst the
most beautiful of our Moths. E. caia, which is very common
in our gardens, (especially in the caterpillar state, when it is
seen rambling over the vegetables in every direction,) for the
richness and contrast of its colours, as well as the boldness of
its markings, is perhaps equal to any other European species.
E. villica is equally handsome, but it does not possess that
richness and harmony of colour so peculiar to the last species:
these two, from their spots, are called Tiger Moths. E. inissica,
being the rarest, has been selected for the plate. The female,
contrary to most Moths, is smaller than the male and far more
rare. The former sex I have taken filing in the day amongst
furze-bushes and broom at Coombe Wood, Surry, at the end of
June. The caterpillar is thickly covered with reddish brown
hairs, has a yellowish line down the back spotted with red,
and a row of white spots along each side. A figure of it may
be seen in Kleeman's Ins. Bel. tom. i. tab. 20. f. 2. It is pro-
bably, like its congeners, a general feeder, as several plants are
mentioned for its food.

Ulex EuropcEus (Common Furze or Whin) is the plant
figured.

zt

i9M <v '^ 4^ ^>^J-n.u. ^m^/f. //6^

22.
IBALIA CULTELLATOR.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Dij)Iolepida3 Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus Ichneumon Cultellator Fah.
Ibalia Lat., III. Ichneumon. Ophion, Banchus Fab. Cynips Jur.

Antennce m^QxieA. in the centre between the eyes, approximating;
filiform, composed of 15 joints in the male ; third joint bent,
clavate, emarginate on the external edge (f. 1 .) ; a little clavate,
13-jointed in the female (1. a.), second joint very small.
Labrum corneous, small, transverse, arcuated before, emarginate
in the centre. (Lat.)

Mandibles thick, nearly quadrate, tridentate on the internal
side in one mandible and bidentate in the other, apical tooth
more acute, inferior broad, truncate. (3.)

Maxillce very broad in the middle, terminal process broad at
apex, slightly bilobed, ciliated : Palpi short, 5 -jointed, first and
fourth small, second and last large, nearly obtrigonate rounded
at apex, hairy. (4.)

Mentum pear-shaped. (5. a.) Palpi short, hairy, 3-jointed, ter-
minal joint equal in length to the other two. (b.) Lip small,
concave, nearly circular, (c.)
Head transverse, as broad as thorax, vaulted behind. Ocelli 3. Tlio-
raxjlat, slightly compressed. Scutellum bifid behind. Abdomen
attached by a very short peduncle, very much compressed, knife-
shaped, being very sharp on the under side, with a puncture or sj)i'
racle on each side of last joint, the male Q-jointcd, of nearly equal
size, very much vaulted. (7.), the female 5-joinfed, the last being
equal in size to the first four, with 2 elongated lamince, between
which a capillary oviduct passes, and is curved over the back. (6.)
Superior wings with no decided stigma, costal iierve very distinct,
one marginal cell, linear-lanceolate ; 3 submarginal cells, jirst small,
oblong, second extremely minute, third large, complete; inferior
wings with one nerve branched near its extremity, four anterior feet
short and slender ; cox« oi posterior legs large, thighs short, robust,
tibiae very long, first joint of tarsus very long, second small, produced
into a spine on the external side (8. a.), third and fourth small, fifth
longer, slender (8. posterior leg of a male) : all the tarsi b-jointed,
terminated by pulvilli and claws scarcely unidentate.
The dissections of the mouth were made from a female , of which the
labrum was lost; the ovipositor is probably represented too short, from
the specimen being imperfect.

CuLTKLLATOR Fab. Eut. Syst. t.2. p. 167. n.I42.

Black, hairy, rugose, head and thorax striated transversely, the
latter with the anterior margin elevated, and three longitudinal
grooves down the back. Abdomen bright ochraceous, shining.
Legs fuscous, hinder thighs tinged with chesnut colour. Wings
obscure.

In the Author's Cabinet.

The genus Ibalia contains at present, I believe, no other spe-
cies than Cultellator, and was never known to inhabit Britain
until the male represented in the plate was captured flying in
a garden at Bungay, Suffolk, by Mr. W. H. C. Edwards,
justly celebrated for his masterly engravings and knowledge of
the fine arts. It is also found in Germany and the South of
France. The economy and habits of this genus are supposed
to be similar to the rest of the family, forming galls upon va-
rious plants.

The eccentric appearance (in the male) of the third joint of
the antennae at once shows that it belongs to the DiplolepidcB,
of which family it is the largest species ; the second submar-
ginal cell is so minute, that it is scarcely discernible through
a lens ; the hinder legs in both sexes are very powerful, and
exceedingly disproportioned to the body and other legs, which
are remarkably small. The singular spine-like process on the
second joint of the hinder tarsi of both sexes, as well as the
puncture or spiracle on the side of the abdomen, have hitherto,
I believe, escaped the observation of authors.

It may here be observed, that the mandibles are often not
counterparts of each other, the shape being altered by their
close contact when at rest ; other parts of the mouth are also
sometimes irregularly formed. The student must not be mis-
led by these exceptions, which are most frequent in the Hy-
menoptera^ occasionally in the Coleoptera, and probably all
the Mandibulata.

The plant figured is Stellaria media (Common Chickweed).

23

t

oU' /jiflJ^wUi^ ^&rv,im.<Jim^. -^ MHJ

23.
SIAGONUM QUADRICORNE.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Staphylinidae Z/C/., Leach.

Type of the Genus S. quadricoi ne K.

SiAGONUM Kirbij Introduction to Entomology.

Antenn(£ half the length of the insect, pubescent and hirsute,
straight, articulated; gradually increasing in size from the second
joint (which is smaller than the first) to the extremity 3 terminal
joint obovate. (f. 6.)

Lahrum oxserted, transverse, bilobed, ciliated. (1.)
Mandibles of male much longer than the head, produced exter-
nally far beyond the apex, which has the appearance only of a
strong tooth, ciliated internally (2.) : of female, broad at their
base, hooked, very slightly produced externally. (2. a.)
MaxiUcE divided internally, ciliated ; terminal process dilated,
rounded, composed of parallel, transverse ribs, detached at the
apex : Palpi 4-jointcd, first joint small, last cylindric-ovate, ter-
minated by a globular gland. (3.)

Mentum transverse, broadest at the base, lobed in the centre be-
hind, and obtusely pointed before : Palpi appearing 4-jointed,
all the joints corneous only at the base, last joint the longest.
Lip dilated anteriorly, bilobed, ciliated. (4.)
Head not broader than thorax, with a horn on each side before the eyes
in the males (vide the coloured figure) : females ivithout horns (fg.7.) .
Thorax narrowed behind. Elytra longer than broad. Abdomen li-
near, 6- and 7 -jointed. Legs very short and small. Tibiae ciliated in-
ternally, and serrated (except in the last pair) externally, spined.
Tarsi 5-jointed, last joint cqualin length to the other four (5. a fore-
leg). Wings long, broad, transparent, with only ^ short nerves at
the base.

QuADRicoRNE PL \ . f. 3. Kirby and Spence's Int. to Ent.

Depressed, shining, punctured ; antennae and abdomen pilose.
Head nearly black. Horns, mandibles, antennas and legs red-
dish brown. Thorax deep chesnut, quadrate, narrow behind ;
anterior margin rather convex in the centre, angles slightly pro-
duced, rounded, with a smooth line of colour down the centre.
Elytra chesnut colour, brightest towards the centre, with 2
branched and 2 simple-punctured striae on each. Abdomen
blackish, with the edges of the segments reddish brown.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Kirby, Dr. Stephenson, atul the Author.

A FIGURE of Siagonnm quadricornc was given in the 1st vol.
of the Introduction to Entojnology by Mr. Kirby, who took a

male in Suffolk several years since ; but as the characters have
not yet been published, I have endeavoured to supply them
until the completion of that work. Its natural situation ap-
pears to be between Bledius and Oxytelus^ to which it is united
by the spined tibiae and uncommon length of the last joint of
the tarsi. In most insects, as well as in the higher orders of
animals, where the males have horns, the females have only
tubercles, or are entirely destitute of those ornaments, as in
the present instance : they not only add much to their beauty,
but are very serviceable in defending themselves against their
enemies, as well as giving them a decided superiority over the
other sex. The coloured figure is a male, drawn in perspec-
tive, to show better the horns upon the head, which makes it
appear rather more narrow than the life.

Whether the specimen represented in the Plate is the same
species as that figured by Mr. Kirby I cannot positively de-
termine, although I have the original drawings for the Intro-
duction to Entomology in my possession: but from the bright-
ness of the colours, and the want of foveolas upon the thorax
of my specimens, I considered it at first another species, and
had called it. *S. corticalis.

Dr. Stephenson having taken a male at Kensington, and
directed me to the spot, I had the pleasure of finding 2 males
and as many females in March 1823 under the bark (of a
felled tree), where it adhered the firmest; and during the
summer of that year, Mr. Denny, I am informed, found a
pair in Norfolk. From its short legs and flat form it is en-
abled to lie very close under the bark, and did not appear to
be very active at the early period of the year when I captured
it.

Mnium hornum (Thread Moss), figured with the insect, is
masfnified about four times.

':--^. -^ ''J'^M/Uur ^^nv/m, i-^;^^, ^^St4

24.

GASTROPACHA QUERCIFOLIA.

Lappet Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Bombycidae hat.^ LcacJi,
Type of the Genus Bombyx qucrcifolia Linn.

Gastkopacha Ochs., Germ., Leach. Bombyx Linn., Fab., Lat.,

HaiD.

Antennas recurvate, setaceous, strongly bipectinated ; first joint

large, with a long tuft of hair on the internal aide, nearly alike

in both sexes, (f. 1. female unlenna.)

Labrum attached to the head. (6. a.)

Mandibles obsolete.

Maxilla distant, broad, flat, short, membranaceous (G. c), arising

just below the pharynx. (6. f.)

PaljJi 2, projecting like a beak, approximating (6. e. shows their

insertion), porrected, compressed, hairy (4.) ; three-jointed, sub-

cylindric ; second joint long, slightly curved ; third, obtuse

(4. a.).
Head with a tuft of hair projecting in front. (7.) Thorax not crested.
Abdomen thick, especially in the female. Wings dentated, superior
ones when at rest dcfiexed; the inferior projecting beyond them. Ti-
biae : anterior ones sliort, with a curved, compressed spi)ie on the in-
ternal side, at the base of which is a long brush of hairs. (8. a.)
Tarsi 5 -jointed, terminated by strong claws, bristles, and pulvilli.
Larva hairy, with \Q feet, the hinder ones formed for walking, with
fleshy appendages on each side the segments of the abdomen, which
conceal the feet, particularly the three anterior pair, an evident tu-
bercle on the penultimate joint. Pupa ivith its segments simple, co-
vered with a fine whitish powder, inclosed in an oblong cocoon loosely
formed of its thread and hairs.

QuERCiFOLiA Linn. Syst. Nat. t. 2. p. 812. n. 18. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 3.
pars 1 . p. 420. n. 42. Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 9.1. n. 19.
Chesnut colour, slightly tinged with whitish lilac. Rib of an-
tennae, palpi, and tarsi, black, changing to violaceous. Superior
wings dark-brown along the costa, with three black, oblique,
waved lines, more or less obscure, the central one of which is
visible beneath. Inferior wings at their base as pale as the abdo-
men, with an obscure, broad, transverse fascia, darkest towards
the edges : the female is much larger than tlie male, and has an
imperfect dark spot towards the centre of the upper wings.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

In the seventh Plate of British Entomology was figured
Odonestis Pini *, which was referred to that Genus from its
characters agreeing better with the type O. imtatoria than
with Gastropacha quercifolia ; and I think it will be admitted
that I have not erred in so doing, when the characters laid
dowTi in the generic description are carefully examined : the
recurvate antennae, equally bipectinated in both sexes ; the
distinct maxillae ; the palpi densely covered with short hairs,
the last joint (in that state) appearing broad and flat, and the
indented wings, are amongst the most prominent features of
distinction. The Caterpillars are certainly analogous ; but
the curious appendages which give them the appearance, when
at rest, of having twenty feet, form a singular and important
distinction.

Gastropacha, which in the Greek means thick bodies, was
estabhshed by Ochsenheimer, who has confounded a number
of genera under this name, from his inability, as he states, to
disunite them, although he at the same time acknowledges
that they have distinguishing characters. Its specific name it
has received from the strong resemblance it bears, when at
rest, to dried oak-leaves. It is one of our largest and (when
ahve) most beautiful insects : the Caterpillars, which are still
more beautiful, vary from gray to chesnut, having across their
necks two fine velvety blue bands : they are full grown about
the end of May, and feed upon Grasses, the Pear, white and
black Thorn, Willow, &c. I have several times found them
upon the Sloe, and in Suffolk took three upon the Salix
sketched in the Plate: all of which produced males the begin-
ning of July, one of which is represented with its larva.

• By an error in folio 7 it is printed Odenesis ; and it was omitted to be ob-
served that the head and antennas (figures 1 and 2) are those of 0. Pini, the palpi
.only being taken from a female of 0, potatoria.

.^•7

<9uj!rly CfSu^UC -Zf^^dL.^ / -f&i^

25.
PSEN EQUESTRIS.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Larradac Lat.^ Leach.
Type of the Genus Trypoxylon atratum ¥ab.

PsEN Lat., Jiir., Panz. Trypoxylon, Pelopaeus Fab.

Antennce inserted near the centre of the face, chxvate, curved,
smooth, 12-jointed in the female, 13-jointed in the male 3 first
joint large, second small, terminal joint ovate. (1.)
Labrum exserted, transverse, subrotundate before, entire, ci-
liated. (2.)

Mandibles slender, scarcely arcuated, unidentate internally. (3.)
Maxillce coriaceous, divided transversely, terminal process nearly
membranaceous, rounded and ciliated : Palpi elongated, un-
equal, G-jointed j first joint very small, third largest, sixth slen-
der. (4.)

Mentum large, dilated in the centre, hairy {J>. a.), (the point to
which the maxilla is attached is shown at e.) : Palpi long, 4-
jointed, first joint long, second and third short, last robust,
ovate, (b.)

Lip short, with the edges conniving internally, (c.)
Clypeus subrotundate, anterior margin elevated. Head transverse, as
broad as thorax, with a tubercle between the antennce. p]yes oval,
entire, remote. Ocelli 3, inserted on crown of head in a triangle.
Thorax short, nearly ovate. Scutellum narrow, small. Abdomen
ovate-conic, with an elongated, abrupt peduncle. Superior wings
with one marginal cell, not extending to the apex, and three perfect
submarginal cells, the middle one nearly trigonate, either receiving
one or two recurrent nerves. Inferior wings with two complete basal
cells. Legu rather small. Tihiis spined. Tarsi i)-jointed,Jirst joint
nearly as long as the three following, last terminated by simple claws
and pulvilli. (8. afore leg.)

Equestris Fab. Syst. Piezatorum, p. 182. 7i. 6.

Black : clypeus and face silvery with hair, shining ; first seg-
ment of abdomen rufous, with a black spot at its base ; second
entirely, and third partly, rufous. Wings hyaline, iridescent.
Antennae rufous beneath. Thighs and coxae black. Tibiae and
tarsi pale ferruginous, the former annulated with black.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Haworth and the Author.

This pretty little species I took flying near Lyndliurst in tlie
New Forest the end of August 1822. Mr. Haworth has also
taken it in the neighbourhood of London. My specimens per-

fectly accord with each other ; but it must be exceedingly va-
riable if Jurine be correct in considering Trypoxylon equestre
Fab., Pse?i rufa Panz., and his own P. bicolar, the same
species. P. ater is another species found in the vicinity of
London upon posts and in sandy places in June and July ;
and Mr. Stephens has two others unnamed, which he con-
siders distinct.

Jurine has made two divisions in this Genus : the first con-
tains P. ater, with the second submarginal cell receiving the
first recurrent nerve only ; the second contains P. equestris, in
which the second submarginal cell receives the two recurrent
nerves. Not having had an opportunity of examining a male
of this Genus, the number of joints in the antennae of that sex
is given upon the authority of Jurine. The three lobes men-
tioned by LaLreille in his observations upon the Larradce, I
could not discover in the lip of the species that 1 dissected ;
and he does not mention that organ in his generic description.
The females from which the characters and figures are taken
are armed with sharp stings, that are not entirely concealed.

The plant figured is Ranunculus Fie aria (Common Pilewort).

^26

! ■nJ/:(n^cf.^u'<&^ y„yim c/unc. y ^'ft4

26.
ATHERIX IBIS.

Order Diptera. Fam. Rhagionidae Lat., Leach.
Type of the Genus A. Ibis Fab.

Atherix Meig., Lat. Rh<\u;io Fab., Lat. Anthrax, Bibio Fah.

Antenruc porrected, approximating, much siwrter than the head,
3-jointedj first and second joints nearly globose, hairy j third
joint transverse, semi-globose, with a long naked seta inserted
on the upi)er side. (f. 3.)
Lnbrum robust, channelled beneath. (1 . b.)
Tongue subulate, very acute, nearly as long as labrum. (c.)
Mandibles none.

Maxill(E rather broad, attenuated, acute, as long as labrum (e.) :
Palpi porrected, pilose, subcylindric, '2-jointed ; first joint nearly
ovate ; second very long, attenudted, loiigci than the niax-
ills. (f.)

Mentum robust, narrow at the base, (h.)

Lip submembranaceousj hairy, longer than the palpi ; apex large,
bilobed. (g.)
Proboscis not so long as the head, porrected. (2.) Head hemispherical,
transverse, nearly as broad as thorax. Eyes large and contiguous in
the males, distant in the females. Stemmata 3, approximating.
Thorax : posterior angles slightly tuberculated. Halteres naked.
Abdomen conical, elongated in the males. Wings divaricating with
16 or 17 cells, four of which are costal ; anal cells complete. Legs
rather long, posterior pair in males robust. Tarsi b -jointed ; first
joint the Longest. Pulvilli 3.

Ibis Fab. Fjit. Syst. Supp. p. 556. mas. Anthrax Titanus F. E. S.
Supp. p. 554. ]8.fem.

Male hairy. Head black, eyes green (when alive). Thorax black, with
four paler lines down the back. Scutellum and first segment of
abdomen pure black, the three next segments dark orange, with
three black spots in the centre, and fuscous spots down the
sides ; two following segments orange, with a black band ; fol-
lowing joints ferruginous ; anus black. Wings slightly ferrugi-
nous, clouded ; costa and three transverse irregular spots fus-
cous. Legs yellowish. Tarsi black. Female hairy, brownish-
green. Head yellowish, two pale longitudinal stripes down the
thorax, and margins of the segments of abdomen of the same
pale colour. Wings larger and paler than in the male. Legs
yellowish. Tarsi black.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Sleplicnx, Mr. Stonr, and the Auihoi .

The two insects figured are considered by Mr. Stephens to
be the sexes : one specimen of the female he received from
Devonshire, and another was contained in the Cabinet of the
Author of Entomologia Britannica, which is now incorporated
with his unrivalled Collection of British Insects. For speci-
mens of the male, I am indebted to the liberality of Mr. Stone,
who received them last summer from Derbyshire.

Meigen informs us, in the second volume of his Systema-
tische Beschreibung, &c. p. 105, that Atherix maculatus of
Lat., Rhagio Ibis and Anthrax Titanus of Fab., are merely
the sexes of the same species ; errors likely enough to occur
from the great disparity which exists between them.

There are at present but two species of this Genus recorded
as natives of Rritain, although twelve are enumerated as Euro-
pean,— the rare and beautiful species figured, which has never
before been published in this country, and Bibio marginata F.,
w^hich has been taken in Devon, and, Mr. Samouelle says, on
the borders of woods at Darent in June : a figure of it may
be seen in Donovan's British Insects, vol. xvi. p. 549, under
the name of Musca Atherix.

The plant is Anthemis Cotula (Stinking Chamomile).

£/

c9M:0^ rJSM'Uu, J>n^cjj^^/ fd'i4

27.
APHODIUS VILLOSUS.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Apliodiadae Leach.

Type of the Genus Scarabaeus Fossor Linn.

Apiiodius ///., Fab., Lat., Gyl. Scarabaeus Lhin.

AntenncE rather short, inserted under the clypeus, at the base of
the mandibles, 9-jointed 5 first joint long, robust, cylindric ;
second joint more or less globular 3 third small; fourth, fifth,
and sixth transverse, somewhat cup-shaped ; seventh, eighth,
and ninth, forming a nearly globose ovate lamellated club. (f. (i.)
Labrum concealed by the clypeus, membranaceous^ subquadrate ;
angles rounded, ciliated, (1.)

Mandibles concealed by the clypeus, dilated and corneous at the
base, membranaceous, rounded, entire, striated at the apex, ci-
liated. (2.)

Maxillce crustaceous, terminated by a dilated lobe, thickly covered
with short hair externally, ciliated ; and having a bifid lobe on
the internal side below the base of the palpi, pilose, and ciliated ;
Palpi 4-jointed, rather long, filiform, naked ; first joint small 3
second and fourth longer than the third joint. (3.)
Mentum somewhat quadrate, deeply emarginate, pilose : Palpi
short, cylindric, smooth with a few hairs ; joints nearly equal.
Labium membranaceous, bilobed, fimbriated. (4.)
Clypeus semicircular or lunate, in many tuberculated. Thorax tranS'
verse-quadrate. Scutellum distinct. Elytra convex, completely cover-
ing the abdomen, when viewed conjointly longer than broad. Wings 2.
Feet all equi-distant, robust. Thighs with a)t impressed line of hairs
inside, particularly in thejirst pair. Anterior tibiae trideniate exter-
nally (5. a fore leg) : four posterior tibiae with 2 spines at their
apex. Tarsi 5 -jointed.

ViLLOsus Gyl. Lis. Suec. t. 1. p. 40. h. 38.

Shining : ferruginous, (-lypeus angular, narrowed before,
scarcely emarginate, without tubercles, punctured : thorax trans-
verse, convex, thickly punctured, with a smooth line down the
centre, pubescent. Scutellum small. Elytra convex, pilose,
piceous, more fuscous on the back, with seven broad furrows
having a line of punctures down each side ; interstices flat, shin-
ing. Legs and underside pale piceous.

/rt the Cabinet of Mr. Vigors.

As it is the intention of my friend Mr. Stephens to publish
a Catalogue of British Insects, coniprehenchng all the orders,

I shall refrain from enumerating the species contained in the
Genus Aphodhis (upwards of 50), and content myself with
giving the different groups into which it has been found con-
venient to divide them.

A. Clj'jieus emarginate.

* Tuberculated; thorax sulcated transversely. A. asper.
* * Smooth ; elytra deeply sulcated. A. jwrcatus, &c.
* * * Smooth ; elytra with flat interstices between the fur-
rows. A. C(€SUS.
* * * * Slightly emarginate, smooth. A. villosus, &c.
***** Tuberculated. A. Fossor, &c.

B. Clypeus entire, smooth.
A. riifipes, &c.

The larvae have six feet ; they are annulated, hairy, with a
vesicle at the apex of the abdomen ; they have a hard horny
head ; they live inactively in dung, upon which they feed.
(Stewart's Nat. Hist.) The perfect insects fly in the sunshine
about the excrement of animals, especially horses and cows.

Aphodius villosus is an extremely rare species on the Con-
tinent, and in this country the only specimen known is the one
figured in the plate, which I found dead several years since in
the month of August upon Newmarket Heath ; and I have
little doubt that I should have captured more if it had been
earlier in the season, but my most diligent search proved
fruitless.

For specimens of the local and beautiful Anemone Pulsatilla
(Pasque Flower or Hill Tulip) I am indebted to my kind
friend J. S. Henslow, Esq., Professor of Mineralogy at Cam-
bridge, who gathered them upon Newmarket Heath, not far
from the spot where the Aphodius was taken.

C^^ cy^«4^.,^^^ ^^^

28.
ACANTHOSOMA HiEMORRHOIDALIS.

Order Hemiptera. Fam. Pentatomidae Leach,

Type of the Genus Cimex hsmorrhoidalis Linn.

AcANTHOsoMA noh. Penttitoma OUv., Lot., Leach. C\me\ Linn., Fab.

Antennce exserted, inserted under the margin of the head, before

the eyes, nearly filiform, or slightly clavate, longer than the head,

articulated, 5 -jointed ; first joint longer than the third, which is

the shortest. (4.)

Rostrum inflected, slightly hairy, 4-jointed, the second and third

joints rather longer than the others. (2.)

Lahrum very long, attenuated, transversely striated, received into

a canal in the basal joint of the rostrum. (3. and 3. a)

Mandibles VLwdil ■,■■, ^ • ^i. u *i *

Max'llo' I ^^ passmg through the rostrum.

Head trigonate, immersed nearly or quite up to the eyes in the thorax.
Thorax rvith the anterior margin much narrower than the posterior,
ungulated on the sides icith a compressed bent spine beneath, extend-
ing nearly to the head. (.5. a.) Abdomen depressed above, oblong-
quadrate, attenuated towards the apex, with a keel down the centre
beneath, terminated by a spine which lies over or by the side of that
attached to the thorax. (5. b.) Scutellum large, not covering the
wings or elytra. Elytra coriaceous, membranaceous at the apex,
crossing each other horizontally. Anterior tibiae scarcely notched
internally. Tarsi 2-jointed. (G. afore leg.)

H^EMOBKiioiDALis Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 720. 3.5. Fab. Ent. Syst. t.4.
p. 98. n. 76.
Yellowish green, in-egularly puncturedj the obtuse angles and
a transverse baud on the anterior part of the thorax orange ; ab-
domen testaceous, variously marked with black and scarlet ; tips
of elytra and wings pale ferruginous. Antennae testaceous at the
base, black towards the apex. Legs and underside testaceous.
Tibiae and tarsi inclining to green.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The Genus Acanthosovia was proposed in a former pai't of the
work, in allusion to the spined keel beneath the abdomen,
which is part of Fabricius's specific cliaracter; it is a singular
conformation, and appears to protect the rostrum, whicli lies
close by the side. The other peculiar marks of distinction (as

has been before observed in folio 20) are the great length of
the first joint of the antenna?, and the tarsi having only 2 in-
stead of 3 joints.

At present there are but 3 British species belonging to this
Genus, A. hamorrhoidalis, liturata^ and agathina^ all of which
are described by Fabricius in his Entomologia Systematica.

A. h(Emorrhoidalis (a male of which is figured of the natural
size, the female is rather larger) is by no means a rare insect,
being occasionally met with during June, in hedges, upon the
white thorn and various other plants. The insects of this
family have a very unpleasant scent, and in every state live
upon juices obtained from small insects, especially caterpillars.
The larva has no wings, the pupa has rudiments only ; they
generally resemble the imago in colour, and are very active.

A male plant of Mercurialis perennis (Dog's Mercury) is
figured in the Plate.

^ig

.'u/r^ < J^'CU^ JJmi^ctiy / iSt/l

29.

SARROTHRIPUS RAMOSANA.

Branched Sarrothiipus.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae Leach.

Type of the Genus T. degenerana Hub.

Sabrothripus nob. Pyralis Fab., Lat. Tortrix Hub., Haw., Leach.
Antenna inserted on the crown of the head near to the eyes,
long, setaceous, composed of numerous oblong joints, covered
with scales above ; Hrst joint rather large, cylindric, curved,
second small, (f. 1.)

MaxiUcE nearly thrice the length of the Pulpi. (3.)
Palpi 2, porrected far beyond the head, completely covered with
scales resembling hair (4.) ; first joint short, curved upwards;
second joint long, clavate, curved at the base ; third joint as long
or longer than the second, nearly filiform, slender. (4. a. the
scales being removed.)
Head with the scales upon the crown projecting forward in front. (7.)
Wings rounded at the base, appearing slightly ciliated on the casta.
Anterior legs with a long brush of hairij scales on the interior skies
of the femur and tibia. (8.) Intermediate legs tJie longest. Pos-
terior legs with 2 moveable sjunes in the centre of the tibia, and 2 at
the apex. Tarsi o -jointed, terminated by small claws. Caterpillars
with ] 6 feet ?

Ramosaxa Hub. Schmet. Tort.

Fuscous : Head, palpi, anterior part of thorax, and a great portion
of the upper win^'^s brunneous inclining to chesnut. Superior
wings with a dark line branched at the base and on its inferior
margin, above v\hich towards the centre is a black spot, a row of
dots extend along the posterior margin, and 3 fuscous ocellated
spots, with others more obscure, form an irregular transverse line
near the same margin.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Stone.

In the 16th folio was described the Genus Pcroi/ca, and from
the same family a small group, which has always been arranged
near to them, lias been selected for the present subject ; it is
called Sarruf/iripus, from the brushes of hair which are attach-
ed to the fore-legs. By referring to Lepidoptera Britannica,
p. 406, it will be seen (hat Mr. Haworth has in some degree

anticipated rae in the formation of this Genus, which contains
his division Palpance : a doubt is there expressed whether
they may not be varieties ; but the numerous specimens which
have since that time been collected leave little room for such a
conjecture, and the addition of the novelty figured (the only
one not described in the valuable work alluded to) renders it
still more probable that they are distinct.

The present Genus, on comparison with Peronea, will show
how little attention has been paid to the conformation of the
Lepidoptera ; such differences in any of the other orders would
have been detected long since ; but I hope by the dissections
with which I shall always illustrate the subjects, that I may be
able to interest entomologists sufficiently to induce them to at-
tend to the structure of this beautiful order.

The following are the species contained in this Genus : —
1 . S. degenerana Hub. 2. dilutana Hub. 3. Afzeliana Gmelin.
4. Lathamiana Gmelin. 5. 2JU7ictida7ia Hub. Bicana Fab.
6. ramosana Hub. They have been found at different periods
of the year at Darent and Birch Woods, Kent, and in the
New Forest. The rare and beautiful species, figured from the
collection of Mr. Stone, was beat off a tree in July 1823, at
Birch Wood, and another was taken off paling there, which
induced me to think, that like Peronea they might be attach-
ed to Lichens, but we are completely ignorant of their eco-
nomy.

Lichen prunastri (Plum-tree Lichen), growing upon a branch
of a tree, is figured in the Plate.

5(9

r r/

c-9U:/a^ rj i§,,Aiur J^i<,r. 'Ja^ / -/did

30.
XYELA PUSILLA.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Xiphydriadae Leach.

Type of the Genus X. pusilla Dal.

Xyela Dalman.

Jntenncc inserted in the front of the face between the eyes, long,
slightly hairy, 12-jointed3 first joint cylindric ; second short, ob-
conic j third robust, cylindric, equal in length to the nine follow-
ing joints which are filiform, the terminal joint being the smallest.

Labrian membranaceous, narrowed towards the anterior margin
which is entire, ciliated. (2.)

Mandibles corneous, slightly curved, acute with three irregular
teeth on the internal margin. (3. 3.)

Maxilla: membranaceous, bilobed, ciliated, the superior lobe
being terminated by a smaller one. Palpi very long, appearing
like feet, 4-jointedj first joint short ; second long, bent, clavate j
third very long, dilated towards the centre, attenuated to the
apex, which has a small head, hollow internally ; fourth joint as
long as the second, membranaceous, flat.

Mentum dilated anteriorly : Pa/pi 4 -jointed ; first and third joints

small} second longer ; fourth joint large, somewhat obovate bent

inward. (5.)

Lip obsolete.

Head transverse, depressed. Eyes lateral. Ocelli 3, approximating,

placed triangularly. Neck short, broad. Thorax not broader than

the head. Abdomen sessile, 7iearly cylindric, \0-jointed. Oviduct ex-

serted, compressed. Ovipositor ensiform, membranaceous towards the

edges, corneous down the centre (7. b.), inclosed between 2 lanceolate

lamellcE, hairy outside {7. a.) : Jig. 6. represents the under side of the

oviduct, and part of the abdomen. Legs placed far behind. Tibiae

slightly hairy with a spiiie at the apex, the posterior with 2 bristles

un the external edge. Tarsi hairy, as long or longer than the tibia,

Jirst joint the longest. {8. a fore leg.) Wings large, superior ones

with 18 cells, 3 marginal, and 2 submarginal complete. Stigma

large. Inferior wings with many cells.

The male {Dalman says) is smaller, the anus is simple, not mucro-

nated, the last segment large, scutiform, entire.
Eggs somewhat oval. Metamorphosis and economy unknown.

Pfsii.LA Dalman in Trans. Stockholm Soc. April 1819. p. 123.

Smooth, shining. Head black, clypeus and eyes margined
with yellow. Thorax black, with two orange spots on tlie an-
terior part ; two first segments of abdomen with a yellow spot
in the centre, the remainder of the segments brunneous pale at
margins, and at the apex. Legs, oviduct and uophi dull ochra-
ceous. AnteniiiE and tliighs fuscous. Wings stained pale fer-
ruginous. Stigma darker.

lit the ('(tbinels of Mr. Stephens and the Anthin-.

This Genus, which so beautifully unites the Tetithr^dhiidce
with the Uroceridce, evidently belongs to the family Xiphydri-
fli(^ of Leach, although Dalman in his valuable paper upon
this Genus in the Stockholm Transactions (which are well
worth the perusal of the entomologist) considers that it be-
longs to the Urocer'idcE: the ample wings, however, and large
stigma bear considerable affinity to the genus Lyda, whilst it
cannot be denied that the compressed oviduct brings it close
to Xiphydria. Dalman, in his description, has overlooked the
twelfth joint of the antennae, which is the smallest, and also
one of the joints of the labial palpi, which he describes as only
3-jointed. Although the structure of this insect is altogether
remarkable, no part is, I think, more curious than the maxil-
lary palpi, which upon the insect look like feet; and from the
legs being placed far behind, it is not improbable that they
may occasionally be employed like those members : the second
and third joints are hollow, which probably enables the in-
sect to fold them close for protection, and the terminal joint
is perfectly flexible.

Of this rare and interesting insect I have three females,
taken by myself many years back upon umbelliferous plants in
the vicinity of pines, in Norfolk, where those trees abound ;
and Mr. Stephens has one which was taken in the neighbour-
hood of London. The male I have never seen ; but from the
description, and an excellent figure given by Dalman, it ap-
pears to differ from the female only in being much smaller,
and in its abdomen, which is more cylindric, rounded and
simple at the anus. Another species much larger, called
X. longula by the same author, has been taken in Sweden by
Gyllenhal.

Our species appears not to be uncommon in Sweden, where
it is said to be found upon Pimis sylvestris (PI. 7.) during the
month of July. Chccrophyllum sylvestre {y^'A^ Chervil) being
the umbelliferous plant upon which I believe my specimens
were taken, it is figured in the Plate.

3/

OD

2 ^3

(%i^.6,f rf/^,,,Ai;^ ^i^ CL^. //cPg/

BUPRESTIS NITIDULA.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Buprestidae Leach.

Ttjpe of the Genus B. nitidula.

BupRESTis Linn., Fab., Ss-c.

Antennce inserted near the base of the clypeus^ short, somewhat
iilit'orm, serrated in both sexes, 1 1 -jointed, first joint long, second
and terminal joints small, ((j.)

Labrum small, exserted, attenuated before, slightly emargi-
nate. (I.)

Mandibles gaping, small, more or less obtuse, bifid towards the
apex. (2. the under side : 2. a. the upper side.)
Maxilla; small ; the ai)ex slightly bifid, hairy : Palpi filiform,
4-jointed, (irst joint very small, last slightly securiform. (3.)
Menfum oblong-cjuadrate : Palpi very small, approximating,
.'J-jointed, nearly concealed. (1.)
Head very retuse. Thorax short, broad, transverse, depressed, having
a mucronated process between the anterior pair of legs ; the posterior
margin straight andapplied to the base of the elytra. Scutellum some-
what triangular, small. Elytra elongated, trigonate, depressed,
entire, neither serrated nor spined. Wings two. Abdomen not formed
for leaping. Feet short ; tarsi ^> -jointed, articulated, broad cordate
trigonate, the last joint cijlindrir with si)nple claws. (5.)

Nitidula Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. Gfi2. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 1 . pars2.p. 211.
H. 123.

Ovate, golden green. Head and thorax minutely and irregularly
punctured, the latter having a slight impression down the centre
and a foveola near the postt rior angle. P^lytra more green than
the rest, broader at the base than the tiiorav, attenuated towards
the apex, rounded ; rugose, j)uncture(l, having obscure striae ;
beneath green, very glossy : legs and antenna- black, tinged with
brassy green.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The superb family of Buprestida: has recently hcvn divided
into several Genera, agreeably to the geograpliical distribu-
tion of the various groups discovered in the East and West
Indies, the Brazils, the Cape of Good Hope and New Hol-
land: the European species have also been divided, the cy-
lindrical ones B. vin'dis Linn, and B. bigattaln Linn, havin"-

been formed into another Genus; and Fabricius having long
since estabhshed the Genus Trachijs^ we had but one true
Buprestis (Salicis) known to inhabit this country until the
brilhant little species figured was detected by Mr. Dale and
myself the early part of last June in an excursion to the New
Forest: we beat four out of white -thorn flowers in the neigh-
bourhood of Brockenhurst in the heat of the day, at which
time they flew with great celerity.

The larvae of this family live in wood, and are very destruc-
tive : in their oeconomy they resemble the CcramhycidcB, and
like them also they are frequently conveyed in an imperfect
state in timber from their native country; which accounts for
the splendid exotics belonging to these families that are occa-
sionally met with by Entomologists in this kingdom.

Mr. Marsham in the 10th volume of the Linnean Transac-
tions relates an extraordinary fact concerning the longevity of
a species of this Genus [B. splendeiis Fab.); the perfect insect
was seen to emerge from a desk made of Baltic fir that had
been in the Office at Guildhall upwards of 20 years : it is
most probable that it remained in the larva state the greater
portion of that long period. The desk having been after-
wards planed, the passage which the insect formed was disco-
vered.— In the 1st volume of the same Transactions an ac-
count is also recorded in the Minutes of a species resembling
the B. canaliculata of Fab. having eaten through 15 pieces of
muslin from Bengal.

Messrs. Kirby and Spence inform us that the brilliancy of
some of the eastern species has rendered them of value to the
ladies of China, whose dresses are embroidered with the re-
splendent elytra of the Buprestis vittata.

CratcEgusOxT/acantha (Haw-thorn or White- thorn) is figured
in the Plate.

-Jl

rSU^CK<L^l^ ji^.i„ CL, / m.-/

32.
HYDROMETRA STAGNORUM.

Order Hemiptera. Fam. Hydrometidae Leach.

Type of the Genus H. Stugnorum.

Hydrometra Z.a^, Fa6. C\me\ Li7w. (ierris Fa6. Aquarius Sc/ie/-

lenhurgh.

Antenn(B exserted, filiform, inserted on the sides of the head

towards the apex, 4-jointed, third joint very long. (4.)

Rostrum inflected, transversely striated, thickest towards the

base and apex, obscurely 3-jointed, second joint very long. (2.2.)

Lahrum small, linear, acute. (3. the profile, 3. a. the underside.)

Mo??'/i6/fAs' and 1 ,., ^ • ., , ^,

,. ... > like setae, passmg through the rostrum.

Head longer and narrower than the thorax, porrecfed, elongate, cylin-
dric, thickened at the end. Eyes globose, prominent, inserted on the
sides before the middle of the head. Thorax cijlindric, anterior part
narrowed. ScuteWum minute. Abdomen more or less Jiliform, di-
lated in the middle ; margins acute; terminal joint much largtr in the
male than female, cylindric, niucronated. Elytra coriaceous, long
and narrow. Wings semitransparent, long and narrow. Feet long,
slender, attached to the sides of the abdomen, anterior the shortest,
posterior the longest. Tarsi indistinctly '3-jointed, first joint very
minute. Claws inserted in a fissure at the extremity of the last joint
of the tarsi, distinctly bifid only in the posterior pair. (G. afore leg.)

Stagnorum Linn. Faun. Suec. 971. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 4. p. 188. n.4.
Velvety black. Thorax sometimes testaceous with a slight chan-
nel down tlie back. Abdomen with 2 nearly parallel lines
down the back ; edges dilated to the last segment with a griseous
spot at each joint, sliining down the centre. Elytra testaceous,
clouded with black nerves. Wings fuscous with darker nerves.
Feet and antenna; ferruginous or fuscous.

In the Cabinets of the British Museum and the Author.

These curious insects are common in almost every brook and
pond during tlie spring, where they may be seen with Vdia
and Gcrris gliding along tiie surface of the water. Most of
them are either ai)terous, or have only short parallel elytra ;
but in the British jNIuseum are two females presented to that
establishment by Dr. Leach, which iiave long elytra crossing
each other when the insect is at rest, and perfect wuigs as ex-

hibited in the specimen represented flying in the Plate. Like
Velia and Gem's, to which our insect is closely allied, it is at
present impossible to say whether the apterous specimens
are pupae or distinct species (from a difference in the colour
of their legs, I am inclined to favour the latter opmion); but
as far as regards the female figured, it appears extremely pro-
bable that winged specimens of the other sex would be found
if sought for at the proper time of the year, as it generally oc-
curs amongst insects, that the males have the advantage of
wings where the females are apterous.

A male is represented walking at the base of the plant Scro-
phularia aquatica (Water Figwort) : that flying is a female.

dd

yU-itfCj fe^^„^a4,^ d^: ^ ■/s'i4

33.

BUPALUS FAVILLACEARIUS.

The grey Scollop.

Order Lejndoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat..^ Leach.

Type of the Genus B. favillacearius.

BuPALUS Leach. Phalsena Linn., Fab., Lut. Geometra Hub., Haw.
Antenna; setaceous, bipectinated in the males (1.); the branches
ciliated (1. a.), slightly serrated in the females. (2. a portion of
the antenna magnified.)
Max'illiB short, rather broad and flat. (3.)

Labial palpi 2, covered with scales, slightly hirsute (4.), shorter
than the head, scarcely projecting beyond the eyes viewed in pro-
file (7. a.), 3-jointed ; first joint long, curved upwards j third
joint very small, nearly globose. (4. a.)
Wings very much dejiexed when at rest, not angulated or indeiited.
Body slender. Anterior legs with a spine on the internal side of the
tibia arising near the base and extending to the first joint of the
tarsus (8.),- the middle and posterior legs with sptirs at the apex of the
tibia", the latter with spurs also in the middle.
Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet.

Favillacearius (male) Hub. Schmet. Geo.pl. 26. f 139. Haw.Lep.
Brit. p. 278. n. 19.

Male hoary white, slightly tinged with ochraceous, covered with
irregular minute spots ; superior wings with a blacK transverse
indented striga near the base, another dentated internally at the
nervures, nearly parallel with the posterior margin, with two
large dark spots on its external side, a long black spot near the
disk, and a line of small black spots along the base ot the cilia ;
inferior wings with a dentated waved dark line nearly parallel
with the margin and a dark spot towards the centre ; cilia yel-
lowish brown. Eyes, antenme and legs nearly black. Female
smaller, the superior wings more brown, the inferior blackish.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

Dr. Leach, in establishing the Genus Bupaliis, has given
Phalecna j)iniaria Linn, as an example, to which may be added
Geometra ericetaria Vill., and probably G.fidiginaria and ato-
maria Lum.

The beautiful species figured in illustration of the Genus
was first noticed, I believe, by Harris in his Aurelian as an in-
habitant of this island ; it was afterwards taken by Mr. Ha-
worth in Yorkshire, since which Mr. Dale has met with it in
Hampshire ; and during a late visit to that county he was so
obliging as to point out the locality to me.

The figure in Der Gamlmig Europaischer Schmetterlinge
of Hubner {Geometra, pi. ^G.Jl 140.) represents G. Belgiaria,
which so much resembles the female oi B.favillacearhis^ except
in its pectinated antennae, that until this year an opinion was
entertained that we possessed both species : as however we
found the sexes upon the same ground, and out of a conside-
rable number of both, the males were all B.favillacearms and
the females B. Beegiarius, there can no longer be a doubt of
their being the sexes of the same species ; and if it were not
for the masculine antennae of Hubner's figure, I should be
disposed to consider it, as the female of his B.Javillacearius ;
it may possibly be a strong variety of the male partaking of
the colouring of the female, or the antennae may have been
erroneously figured : if it be otherwise, we do not at present
possess the species.

Both sexes of B. favillacearius are found from the middle
of May to the middle of July resting upon the ground (with
the inferior wings completely concealed by the superior ones):
where turf has been pared off upon heaths, especially where it
is rather moist, it is easily detected, from the earth (a black
peat) being so opposite in colour ; and it is perhaps the most
easy of all insects to capture, as nothing apparently will induce
it to fly during the day : late in the evening we took specimens
of the male near Lyndhurst flying very sluggishly.

The plant figured, Tm'mentilla et'ecta (common or officinal
Tormentil), was growing upon the heaths where the moths
were taken.

u

(5i/r /^Cf i^.V^ ..£n,{o^ (Jmo,. / /<?£/

34.
MILESIA SPECIOSA.

Order Diptera. Fam. Syrphidae Lat.^ Leach.

Type of the Genus Milesia speciosa.

MiLESiA Fah., Lat., Meig. Musca Linn.

Autenme porrected, inserted upon a tubercle in front of the head,
3-jointed J first joint cylindricj second short dilated anteriorly;
third large, somewhat ovate, with a seta arising from a minute
tubercle upon the superior margin towards the base. (3.)
Labrum very horny, robust, semi-cylindric, hollow, the apex bifid
with three small teeth in the centre. (I. b.)
Tongue not so long as the labrum, corneous, flat, acute, keeled
beneath, (c.)
Mandibles none.

Maxilla small, horny, compressed, lanceolate, acute, (e.)
Palpi two, considerably longer than the maxillae, received into
the superior canal of the lip, membranaceous, hairy, clavate. (f.)
Mentum short, hollow, enveloping the base of the lip, terminat-
ing obliquely, (h.)

Lip sub-membranaceous, rougli, hairy, retractile, bifid 3 lobes
large, elongated, oval, (g.)
Proboscis 7iot longer than the head, nearly vertical. Head produced
in front. (2.) Clypeus impressed, smooth, shining. Eyes approxi-
mating in the females, contiguous in the males above Stemmata
three. Halteres two, small. Abdomen cylindric. Wings inciim-
hent, parallel; intermediate transverse nerve oblique, hes;'^ robust,
posterior the largest ; thighs scarcely incrassated, without teeth.
Tibiae bent. Tarsi ^-jointed. Pulvilli two. (8. afore leg.)

Speciosa Fah. Sysf. Ant. 188. 0. Meig. Syst. Bes. v. 3. p. 234. n. 7.
Obscure, aeneous, glossy, hairy. Face and antennae pale ferru-
ginous. Thorax with two white spots at the anterior angles. Ab-
domen with the margins of the segments pure black, the hairs
forming four shining yellowish bands, and a line down the back.
Wings yellowish, ferruginous towards the costa, and brunneous
towards the apex. Legs yellowish brown, thio^hs black at their
base,

Li the Author's and other Cabinets.

The Genus Milesia as laid down by Latreille comprised nu-
merous Genera of Fahricius and Meigen, whicli rendered it
extrLinely difficMilt to study and dct(>rmine the species of the

numerous divisions which he gave : this difficulty, however, is
greatly removed by Meigen in his last work, although I am
at a loss to account for his having dropped the Genus Spilo-
myia^ as his first subdivision of Milesia (none of which are
British) appear to belong to that Genus as at first established,
since from their posterior thighs being toothed they do not
associate well with our Genus Milesia : of his 2d subdivision
with posterior thighs without teeth, five species are described
by him, the only one of which found in this country is figured
in the Plate.

It is now several years since this fine and rare insect was dis-
covered in the New Forest by Mr. D. Bydder, and the beginning
of June of the present year I took four near Brockenhurst ;
they appear to delight in settling in the thickest parts of the
Forest, where a partial shadow is thrown by the surrounding
foliage upon the trunks of trees, or the flat surface remaining
where they have been felled.

The female is much more rare than the male (a figure of
which is given), and differs only in the eyes being separated
from each other, and the apex of the abdomen being more
acute.

Having taken a pair off ILupliorhia amygdaloides (Wood
Spurge), which was full in blossom at the time, it is figured
with the insect.

■JJ

/

^^

^/

■ iyr

f«.^^4i»i<»c44 .'^^a^

35.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS BIPUSTULATUS.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Chrysomelidae Lat.^ Leach.

Type of the Genus Chrysomela sericea Linn.
Cryptocephalus Geoff., Fab., Lat., Marsh. Chrysomela Linn.

Antenmc inserted between and close to the eyes, remote, almost

as long as the body, simple, somewhat filiform, 1 1 -jointed,

first joint large, second and third short, fourth and fifth slender,

the following cylindric, more robust. (6.)

Lahrum subquadrate, coriaceous ; anterior margin emarginate,

in the centre ciliated. ( 1 .)

Mandibles strongly bidentate at the apex. (2.)

MaxillcE external lobe much larger than the internal : Palpi

4-jointed, first joint minute, the remainder robust, last joint

conic-cylindric, truncated at the apex. (3.)

Mcntum coriaceous, transverse, short : Lip membranaceous :

Palpi 3-jointed, first joint minute, second robust, clavate, third

cylindric truncated. (4.)
Head vertical, forced into the thorax up to the eyes. Eyes sub-reni-
form. Thorax globose, nearly as broad as the elytra. Body short,
ovate, cylindric. Tibiae without spurs. Tarsi 4-jointed, three first
joints spongy beneath, first and second obtrigonate, third subcordalc,
bilobed, fourth cylindric. (5. a fore-leg.)

BiPUSTULATUS Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 1. pars 2. p. (57. ». "1. — dispar
Payk. Fa. Su. v. 2. p. 142. n. 1.5. var. e.

Black, shining; apex of elytra ochraceous, the edges black.
Head and apex of abdomen jnmctured, hairy. Thorax perfectly
smooth. Elytra with eleven punctured striae upon each. An-
tennae fuscous at their base. Legs and under side pubescent.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Dale.

Nothing can prove more completely the rapid progress of
Entomology in this country than the extensive additions that
have been made to this beautiful Genus within the last twelve
years, amongst the most splendid of which is C. bipustulatus,
a single specimen having betMi captured by Mr. Dale near a
coppice on Parley Heath, Dorset, 1st July 18-;5.

Marsham in his Entomologia Britannica enumerates twelve
species only of the true Cryptocephali ; and now there are the
following :

1. C. sexpunctatus Linn. 11. C. Barbareae Linn.

2. — Coryli Linn. 1 2. — pusillus Fah.

3. — bipustulatus Fab. 13. — marginellus Do?i.

4. — lineola Fab. 14. — dorsalis Marsh.

5. — Moraei Ziww. 15. — frontalis Ma rs/t,

6. — sericeus Linn. 16. — exilis Sdiiip. MSS.

7. — similis Leach. 17. — ochraceus nob.

8. — nitens Linn. 18. — bilineatus Linn.

9. — flavilabris Fab. 19. — labiatus Linn.
10. — punctiger Payk.

C. viarginellus, dorsalis qxmS. frontalis^ it is generally thought
are mere varieties of C. pusillus^ varying in different degrees
from testaceous to black ; and Dr. Leach has lately sent from
Devonshire to the British Museum, either another curious
variety or a distinct species, black with a testaceous transverse
band near the base of the elytrae.

Mr. Dale having swept his insect off Heath growing upon
a bank, Erica cinerea (Fine-leaved Heath) is figured in the
plate. It is said also by Fabricius to inhabit a very old
garden flower Chrysanthemum rorojiarium.

■:J?i'^.<^c/&.^ ^^^ C^^./ZJ'g./

36.
LITHOSIA MUSCEIIDA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae Lat., Leach.
Type of the Genus Noctua complana Linn.

LiTiiosiA Fab., Lat., Haw. Noctua Linn. Bombyx Iliib.

Antenn(E remote, covered with long scales above, hairy beneath,

pectinated (under a lens), the pectinations arising from the

centre of the joints on each side. (1. and 1. a.)

Labrum and "J .^ i j . ^, i

-_ ,., , > attached to the clypeus.

Mandibles i •"

MaxillxE long and spiral. (.'?.)

Palpi two, generally shorter than the head (7. a ) ; covered
with various scales, the apex nearly naked (4.) ; 2-jointed, first
joint long, cylindric, attenuated, curved upward, second joint
small, somewhat rhomboid. (4. a.)
Mead short, covered with close scales (not halnj in front). Eyes re-
mote. Wings long, oblong, somewhat elliptic, incumbent or convo-
lute. Inferior ones much folded. Anterior legs with the coxce
long and robust. Thighs very long and slender. Tibiae short and
slender. Tarsi 5 -jointed. Pulvilli distinct. Claws obscure. (8. a
fore-leg.)

MuscERDA Iliih. Bomb. pi. 24./. 103.

Fuscous tinged with pink and yellow, towards the costa pale
straw colour ; five irregular small black spots in the superior
wings, the first upon the costa, the tvvo following forming an
oblique line towards the posterior margin, and two others near
the centre.

Li the Cabinet of Mr. Sparshall.

Two specimens of this extremely rare insect (drawn ratlier
larger than the life) were found by Mr. Joseph Sparshall,
at the end of June, upon the marshes at Horning, Norfolk, in
ditches, floating on the water. The other species belonging to
this Genus are, l.L.Jlava Fab.; 2. auraniia Haw.; 3. och/r-
ola Hub.; 4. hclvcola Hub.; 5. complana Linn.; 6. griscula
Hub. ; and 7. quadra Lijui.

L. quadra will form a second division in this Genus, since
the second joint of the palpus is as long as the first, and curved
upward : Bomhyx pulchella and 7'iibricollis Fab., with some
others, are included by that author and Latreille in the Genus
Lithosia, which has occasioned the latter to state that the
palpi are three-jointed, whereas Fabricius has described them
as biarticulate: after dissecting several specimens of our Genus,
and examining them most carefully, I can discover only two
joints ; B. pulchella and rubricollis, having three distinct joints
in the palpi, must therefore be constituted into a new Genus.

The plant figured is Alisma Plantago (Great Water Plan-
tain), var. lanceolata.

^7

i:/iJ//^ rj flMAiu- XMl^'J'y't / /3i7

37.
RAPHIDIA OPHIOPSIS.

Order Neuroptera. Fam. Raphidiadae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus R. Ophiopsis Linn.

Rapiiidia Linn., Fab., Lai., &;c.

Antenn<£ inserted between the eyes, remote, as long as the
thorax, nearly filiform, composed of many joints (44 in the male,
42 in the female of the type), two first joints robust, last coni-
cal. (1.)

Lahrum exserted, subquadrate, rather broader than long, anterior
margin circular, entire. (2.)

Mandibles corneous, strong, extending beyond the labrum, elon-
gate, curved, acute, with two sharp teeth on the internal side. (3.)
Maxilla: short, crustaceous, bilobed, ciliated : Palpi short, filiform,
4-jointed ; first joint short, second longer, third and fourth of
equal length, the latter truncated. (4.)

Mcntum short, quadrate: Pnlpi short, attached to two immove-
able articulations, 3-jointed, last joint long, truncated. (.5.)
Clypeus broad, anterior margin nearly straight. Head injiexed, oval,
narrowed behind. Eyes prominent. Ocelli 3 in triangle. Thorax
icith thejirst segment very long, cylindric. Wings dejlexed, nearly
equal in size, reticulated, all the nerves hairy. Abdomen of the male
produced at the apex with 2 strong teeth (7. the terminal joints
viewed in projile) : of the female terminated by 2 united canals, trans-
versely striated, slightly hairy, with two valves at the apex. (G.)

Ophiopsis Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 916. I. Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 2. p. 99.
n. 1.

Black, shining. Head slightly punctured. Clypeus, base of
antennae, legs (excepting the base and upper surface of the
thighs), 2 lines down each side of the abdomen, and a spot on
each segment down the back straw colour. \\'ings slightly
coloured. Stigma brown.

Li the Author's and other Cabinets.

Dr. T..EACH has divided this extraordinary Genus into the
following species — 1. R. Londinctisis, 2.oJ/inis, 3. maculicollis,
4. ynegaccphala., and 5. Ophiopsis ,■ how far they may be good
species it is not easy to determine, as they arc subject to great
variations, and the nervures of tlie wings are very inconstant,
frequently not agreeing in the same specimen.

R. Londinensis, as its name implies, is found in tlie vicinity
of our capital, even as near as Copenhagen Fields ; it has no
stigma. R. qffinis is a smaller species, the male of which is
figured in Kirby and Spence's Introduction to Entomology
(pi. 3. f. 6.); R- macuUcollis is very similar to R, Londinensis^
and R. megacephala and Ophiopsis appear to me to be the
same.

The larvae are described by Latreille as very nimble and
voracious, living upon small insects, and concealing themselves
in crevices in the bark of trees ; the pupae, like the rest of
the Order, have the power of locomotion. The perfect insect
also feeds upon smaller ones, its long moveable thorax
enablmg it to seize its prey in any direction with great facility ;
and it is able to bite with considerable force with its acute
mandibles, which it can extend considerably.

The ovipositor is exceedingly dissimilar to those of any
other insects ; by Latreille's description and my own obser-
vations, it appears to be formed by two canals united, with a
space between, being composed of transverse rings which
enable the insect to propel the eggs to the apex, where they
are received and deposited by the two appendages, in clusters
like fly-blows.

The month of June appears to be the season for all the
species in the imago state, and they are stated to prefer the
neighbourhood of streams ; the specimen however figured in
the plate, with two or three others, were beat out of White-
thorns in rather high ground in the New Forest.

The plant figured is Veronica Chamadrys (Wild Ger-
mander).

36'

Ciu^!n^cJ:lS^iL> „£njtm C^/.- /

38.
HEDYCHllUM ARDENS.

Order Hymenoptera. Faim, Chrysididae Lat..^ Leach.

Type of the Genus C. violaceum Rossi.

Hedyciirum Lat., Leach. Chr\'sis I.inn., Fab., Jurine.

AntenncE inserted close to the margin of the clypeus, geniculated,
fusiform, 1.3-jointed j first joint the longest. (1.)
Lahrum very minute, long, attenuated, ciliated. (2.)
Mandibles hairy, externally arcuated, with 3 sharj) teeth towards
the apex. (3.)

MaxillcB horny at the base, membranaceous towards the apex,
ovate, entire, ciliated : Palpi a-jointed, longer than the maxilUe,
third joint rather thicker, fourth and fifth rather longer than the
others. (4.)

Mentum long, dilated anteriorly : Palpi short, 3-jointed : Lip
with the margins conniving externally. (5.)
Clypeus with a deep impression between the eyes, receiving the first
joint of the antenncc. Thorax semi-cylindric, angular, divided by
3 transverse sutures. Metathorax nut elongated into a scutellum.
Body contractile into a ball. Abdomen attached only by a portion
of its transverse diameter, semicircular, ivith the extremity rounded,
convex above, concave beneath, composed of three joints, the second
very large. Tarsi 5-jointed. (S.) Superior wings u-i^/i the margi-
nal cell scarcely complete at the apex ,• discoidul cells very obscure.
Inferior wings without distinct nerves.

Ardens Lat. Coq. Illus. Icon. Lis. dec. 2. p. 59. t. ]4. f. 7.

Shining, pubescent. Head and thorax deeply, abdomen minutely
punctured. Green, centre of head, thorax and abdomen, crimson
reflecting purple and gold. Posterior angles of thorax blue. Un-
der side of abdomen black, sometimes aureous towards the base.
Wings fuscous, with alternate bands of green and gold at the pos-
terior margin. Antenna; black, green at the base. Legs green.
Tarsi rufous.

Li the Cabinets of the British .}hiseiini and the Author.

In a loiiiu'i" miiuber (folio 8.) was given the Genus C/injsis .-
and another group of the same family, .separated by Lalreille,
is the subject of the present paper. Although the Ilcdycini
ma}' equal the Chrys^idcv in sjilendour, their form is by no means
so elegant ; the obiuseiicss and breadth of the abdomen di-

stinguishing them at first sight ; and upon further comparison,
the absence of the transverse line of impressed dots upon the
last joint of the abdomen, as well as the great difference in
the mandibles, independently of the variation in the wings,
excite our astonishment that Jurine should have rejected a
Genus so natural and well established.

Dr. Leach has divided this Genus into those with the apex
of the abdomen entire, 1. H. punctatum Leach?; 2. lucidulum
Geoff.; 3. ardens Lat. The others notched at the apex,
4. resium Geoff. ; 5. molaceum Rossi. There are also in the
Museum cabinet a species called ccendeum and another un-
named. Our insect, which was taken several years back in
Norfolk, agrees tolerably well with Latreille's description, and
perfectly with the British specimens in the Museum, but not
very well with the rude and careless figure in Coquebert.
Some specimens are twice the size indicated in the plate by
the crossed lines.

The habits of this Genus are somewhat dissimilar to those
of the Chrysidce, being generally found in the sunshme upon
the leaves of brambles and other bushes, from which they fall
upon being approached, rolling themselves up into a ball.

The plant figured is AjitirrJmium Ci/mbalaria (Ivy-leaved
Snapdragon).

59

C^.iy.cf:^Ui^ j£„dmOcl /

THYMALUS LIMBATUS.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Silphadse Leac/i. Necropliagi Za/.

Type of the Genus Cassida limbata Fab.
Thymalus Lat. Silpha Linn. Cassida, Peltis Fab.

.4«^en«£E inserted before the eyes, short, 11 -jointed, first joint
the lonf^est, clavate, second short and robust, third, fourth and fifth
somewhat cylindric, sixth, seventh and eighth, somewhat turbi-
nate, the three last large, forming a compressed perfoliated club,
the ninth and tenth joints being transverse, the eleventh orbi-
cular. (6.)

Labrum exserted, nearly oval, the posterior margin straight. ( 1 .)
Mandibles exserted, bifid at the apex, sometimes dentated inter-
nally towards the middle. (2.)

MaxillcE membranaceous, with a corneous arcuated tooth, ex-
ternal process short, curved inward, strongly ciliated and clothed
with hair towards the apex : Palpi short and robust, 3-jointed,
terminal joint subovate. (3.)

Mentum small, quadrate : Palpi 2-jointed : Lip large, broader
than the mentum, entire, superior margin ciliated, (4.)
Head small, nearly concealed by the thorax, which is emarginafe before
and broad behind ; the sides being margined. Scutellum A7naW. Elytra
viewed together with the thorax elliptic, margined, much broader than
the abdomen, which they completely conceal. Wings 2. Feet short,
without spines. Tarsi indistinctly 5 -jointed, all simple.

LiMBATUS Fab. Ent. Syst. v. I, pars I. p. 294. 7i. 11. Syst. Eleii.
V. 1. p. 344. 71. 4.

Pubescent, shining, reddish brown with a slight cupreous cast,
the margins of the thorax and elytra appearing brighter. Legs
and under side reddish brown. Thorax minutely punctured.
Abdomen with numerous longitudinal lines of deep punctures.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The remarkable habit of our insect, which is so similar to that
of Cassida as to have led Fabricius to consider it as belonoino-
to that Genus in his earlier works, an error however which
he corrected in his Si/stcma Eleiiteratonim^ has induced the
Baron Dejean and other Entomologists to separate it from
Peltis ; and it is now the only true Thymalus known, Peltis
retaining the other four species {grossa, ferruginca Fab. &c.),

none of which have been yet met with in this country, akhoiigh
by accident P. fernigineus was given as the type of TJiymalus
in Samouelle's Entomologist's Useful Compendium.

Thymalus limhatus is another valuable Genus added to our
Fauna by Mr. D. Bydder, who took it in the New Forest in
abundance during the months of June and July. It appears to
be generally distributed in that neighbourhood, as I have since
met with it occasionally in June near Brockenhurst and Lynd-
hurst. Upon stripping off the bark of decayed trees, the
insect will generally be fomid adhering to it like a Coccus or
a scale, from which circumstance we are led to believe that
like many of the Nitidulce it feeds upon Bolefi, Fungi, &c.
especially such as are found in similar situations : they no
doubt at particular periods are to be found also in flowers,
as Fabricius gives an Italian plant, the Dianthus Carthusiano-
rum, as their habitat, and Mr. Ingpen found a single specimen
upon a flower in Kent, during the present year.

Boletus versicolor (Changeable Boletus) is given with the
insect.

40

C^/y c/^^i^r ..z^/W OcJ- -/

40.

SESIA BOAIBYLIFOIIMIS.

Narrow-bordered Bee Sesia.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Sphingidai Lat.

Type of the Genus Sphinx fuciformis Linn.

Sesia Fab. Sphinx Linn., Fab., Lat., Have.

AntenuiE composed of many joints, with the club prismatic,
slightly hooked, terminated at the apex by an oblique, slender
style of two joints ; those of the male ciliated beneath (1. the
terminal joints), of the female more cylindric, simple. (2.)
Labrinn and 1 . . , i . ^i i
Mandibles S ^"'^'^^^"'^ ^« ^'^^ "^^1^""'-
Maxilla; very long and spiral.

Palpi 2, meeting over the maxillcB (7.) ; projecting a little be-
yond the head, completely covered with hairy scales (4.) ; 3-joint-
ed, first joint short, second long, robust, curved upward, third
very minute (4. a.)

Abdomen hairy, with the apex bearded. Wings more or less transpa-
rent, horizontal or dejlexed in repose ; with a hook or catch at the
exterior edge of the lower wings to retain those above.

Caterpillars with G pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet, uiih an
elevated horn at the extremity of the abdomen.

BoJiBYLiFORMis Espcr Scluiiet. 2. t. 23. f. 2. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 3.
pars 1. /). 382. n. 12. Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 68. n. 16.
Golden green, 2d and 3d segments of abdomen nearly black,
most intense on the sides ; 4th and 5th bright orange : beard to
the abdomen black, orange in the centre. Wings transparent,
iridescent, the superior with the costa, posterior margin, and the
base extending along the interior margin brown ; inferior with
the abdominal margin and a narrow limbria also brown : beneath
pale yellow and black. Antennae cyaneous. Tarsi fuscous.

Li the Author's and other Cabinets.

The beautiful transparent wings of this Geniis at once distin-
guish it from Macroglossiim, to w inch it is most nearly allied ;
whilst the ovate and hairy abdomens and sphinx-like form
(as well as the tailed Caterpillars) are sulficiently obvious
characters to separate it from CEgcria.

S. bombijIJJormis may be easily tlistinguished from the more

common one [S. fziciformis) by the narrow border of the wings,
which is entirely brown, by the black instead of crimson band
across the abdomen, and by the under side, which is variegated
with black and white.

The larvffi, which have erroneously been stated by some
authors to feed upon the wood of Willows, have been bred
from the eggs by my friend J. C. Dale, Esq., to whom I am
indebted for a drawing and account of the Caterpillars:
when about ten days old they have several furcate spines upon
each segment of the abdomen, that entirely disappear when
they are full fed, at which period they vary exceedingly.

The perfect insects are remarkably swift upon the wing,
and make a humming noise similar to a humble-bee ; they
have been taken by Mr. Dale at Enborne, near Newbury,
Berkshire, in some abundance, the end of May and beginning
of June : they are much attached to damp places in woods
and moist meadows, where they are attracted by various
flowers, especially Pedicularis palustris and sylvatica, about
which they fly, extracting honey from the nectaries whilst on
the wing, like the Humming Bird and other Sj^/ihiges.

Scabiosa succisa (Devil's-bit Scabious), the plant upon
which the Caterpillars feed, is figured in the plate.

Ji

K^\l\

siijjcij,f. rj£u,-iiur ^£mjm Oct ^ m4

41.
CIMBEX DECEM-MACULATA.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Tenthredinidae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus Tenthredo europsea Leach.

CiMBEX OUv., Fab., Lat., Leach. Tenthredo Linn., Jitr.

Antennce inserted between the eyes, clavate, 6-jointed, first joint
cup-shaped, second very short, third very long, fourth and fifth
clavate-truncate, sixth oblong, club-shaped, witli a transverse
suture. (1.)

Lahrum small, oblong, rounded at the apex, hairy. (2.)
Mandibles exserted, unequal, robust, acute, with one or two
irregular teeth on the inside. (3.)

Maxillce membranaceous at the apex, with a large hairy lobe
near the base of the palpi, extending towards the apex.
Palpi irregular, extending a little beyond the maxillae, G-jointcd,
third joint the longest, fourth somewhat clavate, sixth small,
ovate. (4.)

Mentum oblong, dilated anteriorly (5. a.) : Palpi scarcely longer
than the lip, 4-jointed, gradually increasing in size to the third
joint, terminal joint small (b.) : Lip membranaceous, with a few
hairs above, three-lobed, the centre one narrow, external lobes
somewhat hemispherical, (c.)
Clypeus broad, emarginate. Ocelli 3. Abdomen sessile, cylindric i;i
the males, somewhat ovate in the females, first segment especially of
the males deeply emarginate above. Oviduct not exserted, composed
of two lamellcE, which are serrated. Superior wings with 2 marginal
and 3 submarginal cells. Thighs 4 posterior unarmed, very thick in
the males. Tibiae terminated by syphonformed spurs, obtuse at the
apex. Tarsi with the penultimate joint a little shorter than the an-
tepenultimate, four first joints with membranaceous appendages
(8. a fore leg) ; the basal joint of the 4 posterior tarsi of the males
produced into a spine beneath. (8. a.)
Larva tvith membranaceous feet.

Dkckm-maculata Leach Zool. Mis. v. 3. p. 106. n. 7. T. lutca Linn. ?
Fn. Sn. 1534.

Body obscurely villose : black, the abdomen tinged with violet,
the lliird and seventh joints having a pale greenish yellow s])ot on
eadi side ; the 3 intermediate joints of the same colom- intorrujjtcd
by bhickish violet down the centre. Abdominal membrane pale
yellow. Antennae and tarsi testaceous. Wings pale fulvous :
costa, 2 cells near the stigma and posterior margin ferruginous.

In the Cabinet of the British Museum.

1)k. LE.\(n lias described in the Zoological Miscellany (above
referred to) eleven species of this fiiie Genus, seven of wliicli

are ascertained to be inhabitants of Great Britain ; the unique
specimen figured, which is a female, was taken in the month of
July at "Windsor several years since by Mr. Griesbach, and
presented to the British Museum by Dr. Leach.

The larvae of this Genus greatly resemble those of the Lepi-
doptera, except that they have twenty-two feet ; they have also
two lateral apertures from which they are able to spirt a fluid,
for what purpose we can only conjecture, probably it may be
sufficiently fetid or noxious to protect them against the attacks
of the destructive Ickneumotiidce. When the larvae are full
grown, they form for themselves an oblong hard case, which is
generally attached to a twig or small branch of the tree they
fed upon, vsdthin which they change to an incomplete pupa.

The plant figured is Holcns jnollis (Creeping Soft Grass).

J'i

/

C^^ cf£iA£, .=.2^ Oci -/ f8U

42.
PACHYGASTER LEACHII.

Order Diptcra. Fam. Stratiomydae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus Vappo ater Fab.

P.vcnYGASTER Meig. Vappo Lat., Fab. Nemotelus Pz.

Antenncc approximating, porrected, hairy, 3-jointed, first joint
small, second large, transverse, third large, somewhat hemi-
spheric, compressed, having a reticulated appearance under a
lens, and 2 indistinct transverse rings (Meigen says 4) with a
hairy seta attached to the outer side near the extremity. (3.)
Labrum horny, robust, cylindrlc, grooved beneath, dilated at
the base, obtuse and notched at the apex. (1. b.)
Tongue horny, acute, attenuated from the base, shorter than the
labrum. (c.)
Mandibles none.

Maxillce long, slender, acute, concealed in the lip. (e.)
Palpi 2, oblong, cylindric, very minute, slightly pilose, attached
to the base of the niaxilhe. (f.)
Menfum large, cylindric, inclining upward, (h.)
Lip fleshy, large, oval, bipartite, pilose, (g.)
Proboscis shorter than the head, concealed when at rest. Eyes approxi-
mating above in the males. Ocelli 2i , placed, anteriorly in themales,
posteriorly in the females. Thorax obovate, with a transverse suture.
Scutellum without spines. Abdomen large, nearly globular, being
convex above, composed of 5 obscure segments. Legs simple. Tarsi
h-jointed, with 2 claws and pulvilli (8. a fore leg.) Wings incum-
bent, when at rest placed parallel upon the abdomen, long, lanceolate,
nerves very faint, Halteres large, ovate.

Leaciiii Stephens' MSS.

Black, shining, punctured. Antennae orange, eyes purplish or
slightly red, legs pale straw colour, the posterior thighs with a
black spot near the apex. Halteres fuscous. Wings entirely
transparent, iridescent, nerves very pale brown.

In the Cabinets of the British Museum and the Author.

Paciiygaster atcr is the only insect of this Genus hitlierto
described ; it is figured by Panzer, is somewhat larger than our
insect, and is at once distinguished by its wings, which are
brown nearly halfway from the base. P. LcacJiii ajipears to be
very rare, the only specimens discovered, being a male in the

Cabinet of the British Museum, taken it is believed by Dr.
Leach in Devonshire, and a female (the one figured) taken by
myself in the autumn, I think in the same county ; which is
rendered the more probable, because, if it had been a species
inhabiting the neighbourhood of London, it must have been
met with before; for there can be little doubt that insects
so very similar in form have nearly the same habitats. P. ater
is by no means a rare insect ; it may be found during the
month of July in hedges and trees at Darent, Birch and
Coombe Woods.

Meigen in 1804- first published this Genus under the name
of Pachygaster in his celebrated work in 4to, Klassifikazion
und Besclireibung &c., t. 1. p. 146: in the following year
Fabricius's Systema Antliatorum was published, where the
Genus is called Vappo, which Latreille has adopted ; but as it
is clear that Meigen has a claim to priority, I have retained
his name in preference, which I am the more inclined to do,
because in his last invaluable work the Genus is again pre-
sented to us under the name of Pachygaster. It is a little un-
fortunate that Germar has applied that name to a Genus of
the CurculioniddB ; but as that was only published in 1817, it
must of course be discarded.

The plant figured is Viola odorata var. alba (Sweet Violet).

44

c^^4'C/>^.X<^ /-^/y<^V

44.
CLERUS ALVEARIUS.

Order Coleoptera. Fam. Cleridae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus Attelabus Apiarius Linn.

Clerus Geof., Fab., Lat. Attelabus Linn.

Antenna> inserted between and close to the eyes near the clypeus,
hairy, 1 1 -jointed, first joint long, curved, second shorter than
the third, the five following short, the three last forming an ob-
long triangular mass, rounded externally, acuminate internally
at the extremity, (f. G.)

Lahrum exserted, transverse, ciliated, narrowed before and
deeply emarginate. (1.)

Mandibles arched, acute, one having a tooth on the internal edge
near the apex, the other having only an irregular edge, thickly
covered with short regular hairs on the inside from the base,
with long hairs externally. (2.)

MaxillcB long, the terminal lobe ciliated with long close hairs,
inferior lobe with short hairs : Palpi 3-jointed, first joint clavate,
third obconic truncated, nearly equal in length to the two first.
(3.)

Mentum dilated towards the base, narrowed anteriorly : Palpi
3-jointed, first joint minute, second clavate, third large, securi-
form : Lip broad, rounded, pubescent. (4.)
Head nearly vertical. Eyes notched. Thorax obconic-ciiUndric. Scu-

tellum minute. Wings 2. Hinder thighs of the males incrassated.

Tarsi 5-jointed,Jirst joint very short, nearly concealed by the tibia,

terminal long. Claws simple {5 afore leg.)

Alvkarius Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 1. pars I. p. 209- n. 15. Lat. Gen.
Crus. and Ins. v. 1. p. 273.

Purplish blue, hairy. Head and thorax greenish blue, deeply
and closely punctured. Elytra closely punctured in indistinct
lines, bright red inclining to orange, blueish purple round the
scutellum which is of the same colour, 2 transverse fascije, a spot
near the apex, and the suture blueish purple. Legs and antenna;
purple inclining to black.

Li the Cabinets of Mr. Sparshall and the 'Author.

At the time Mr. Marsham wrote his Entomologia BritmiJiica,
neither of the species that form the Genus Cloms were con-
sidered as British, although specimens were preserved in the
old cabinets; Mr. Samouelle has also omitted the Genus in

his Useful Compendium ; Donovan, on the other hand, having
received specimens of Clems Apiarius from the North of
England, has given a figure of it in his British Insects, vol. vii.
p. 231. f. 1.

Several specimens of this beautiful Genus having been taken
within the last fevi' years, amongst which are a fine female of
C. Apiarius captured at Dover, and transmitted to Mr. Stone,
and two of C. alvearius sent to Mr. Sparshall from Manches-
ter, one of which is figured in the plate, our right to record
it as a British Genus can no longer be questioned. As a
doubt existed in the mind of Fabricius, when he wrote his
Entomologia Systematica, whether our insect was any thing
more than a variety of C. Apiarius, I shall point out a few of
the most obvious characters which distinguish them, although
I fear it may be thought unnecessary, after Latreille and
Panzer without hesitation had published them as distinct spe-
cies. C. Alvearius is smaller (the figure in the plate is about
one fourth larger than the insect), more hairy, and less shining
than C. Apiarius : moreover the scutellum is surrounded by a
purple spot, the suture is of the same colour, and the spot
near the apex of the elytra is surrounded by red : these aie
characters sufficient to distinguish it from C. Apiarius : it is
also well known upon the continent that the larvae of that
species inhabit bee-hives, whereas those of C. Alvearius (we
are informed by Latreille) are attached to the nidus of Osmia
cor?iuta {Apis bicor7iis, Kirby).

The larvae, it is most probable, prey upon the young brood
of the Bees; and the perfect Beetle is found upon different
flowers, at what time of the year is not ascertained.

I am indebted to Professor Henslow for specimens of
Athamanta Libanotis (Mountain Spignel), gathered at Hinton
in Cambridgeshire.

JJ

3^ ^rJ:4uA£^ ^^„ 'ru 1 1S^24

45.

CUCULLIA ASTERIS.

The Starwoit Shark Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Noctuadae Leachy hat.

Type of the Genus Noctua umbmtica Linn.

CucuLLiA Schrank, Och. Noctua Linn., Fab., Haw. Tribonophora
Hub.

AntenncE long, setaceous, composed of numerous short joints,
covered with scales above, first joint the largest, with a tuft of
hair beneath (1. and 1. a. the basal and a few following joints).
Labrum and Mandibles attached to the clypeus.
Maxillce nearly twice the length of the antennae. (3.)
Labial Palpi curved upward, not so long as the head, thickly
covered with loose scales, terminal joint appearing naked, having
only short close scales, (4.) first joint long, curved, second long,
slightly attenuated, third small, spherical. (4. a. the scales being
removed.)
Head rather small, obtuse (7. a.) Thorax with an elevated crest.
Abdomen long, somewhat deflexed,Jrtqnently with tufts upon the
hack, and sometimes with a long pointed or divided apex. Wrings
de/iexed, superior lanceolate, inferior rather small. Legs clothed
with hair. Tarsi ^-jointed, tvith a row of spines on each side beneath.
Claws all bifid. Pulvilli terminated by a horny process.
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal membranaceous
feet of equal size.

AsTERis Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 3. pars 2. p. 121. n. 364. Haw. Lep. Brit,
p. 1G8. M. 22.

Cinereous tinged with lilac, head and thorax somewhat rufous.
Abdomen fuscous, with tufts down the back, deep brown. Supe-
rior wings entire deep chesnut along the costa, with streaks of
pale rufous ; two irregular broken spots near the centre : Interior
margin deep chesnut with lines of cinereous and black, and a
lunulated transverse spot cinereous and chesnut, cilia fuscous.
Inferior wings fuscous, cinereous at the base, cilia pale testaceous.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Blunt and Mr. Thompson.

This very natural group was first cstablisiied as a Genus by
Schrank under its present name Cuadlia, from the strong
resemblance which the crest has to a hood ; it also forms the
division ^^ La7iceolatce" in Haworth's Lepidoptera Britaunica.
The Genus contains 11 British species, 1. C. itmbratica L. ;

2. Lactuca F. ; 3. lucifuga Hub. ; 4. Jissina Haw. ; 5. Tana-
ceti F. ; 6. Gnaphalii Hub.; 7. Chamomillce F. ; 8. Asteris F. ;
9. Verbasci L. ; 10. Scrophularia H'lib. ; H. AbsintJiii L. ;
most of them derive their names from the plants upon which
the caterpillars feed, and many of the Moths are to be found
in July resting upon pales during the day, or flying about
flowers in the evening, when they are very strong upon the
wing.

The caterpillars, which vary considerably in colour, have
great muscular power, are very lively, perfectly smooth, and
have a fleshy appearance.

For the following account, as well as a drawing of the Cater-
pillar, I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Blunt. " On the
24th Sept. 1821, at Darent, in a pai't of the wood which had
been cut down the preceding spring, I found three larvae feeding
on the Jlowers of the Solidago virgaurea, from which on the 2nd
of July following I bred one, and two or three days after-
wards another specimen of Cucullia asteris : from the situa-
tion in which I keep my breeding cages, I feel satisfied that
the time of an insect's appearance with me and in a natural
state corresponds precisely; in this particular instance I am
perfectly convinced of it, from the circvmistance of my taking
another specimen whilst mothing (on the same spot where
I took the larvae) towards the end of the month; it was some-
what wasted, as would be the case with an insect that had
been out two or three weeks. In the following autumn I
again found the larva, and bred a specimen of tlie moth on
the 20th July : the difference of time between this and the
preceding year, may be accounted for from the severity of
the winter of 1822-3, which would cause all insects that had
been in the pupa state during that season, to be later than
usual in their appearance."

Although our insect evidently is attached to the Solidago,
it feeds also upon the Chinese Aster {Aster C/iinensis) from
which it receives its specific name ; and C. J. Thompson, Esq.
of Fulham, beat a considerable number off a Copper Beech
in his garden (one of which he reared): this specimen is
smaller and not so brilliant in colour as the others ; it is there-
fore possible it may be another species, differing materially
only in the caterpillars, and this is the more probable because
it is general throughout the Genus.

Solidago virgaurea (Common Golden Rod) is represented
in the plate.

46

rSM:l^rJ:ir.,„,U^ j^^J^f-tl^yf

46.
ASILUS GERMANICUS.

Order Diptera. Fam. Asilidai Lat., LcacJi.

Type of the Genus Asllus forcipatus Linn.

AsiLUS Linn., Fab., Lat., Meig. Erax Scop. Dasypogon Fab.

AntcnncE approximating, porrectecl, inserted in the middle of the
face, scarcely longer than the head, o-jointed, first joint cylin-
dric, second clavute or cup-shaped, shorter than the lirst, third
long, attenuated, sliijhtly compressed, fourth small, fifth long,
slender like a bristle. (;i)

Labium short, broad, obtuse, membranaceous at the apex, cori-
aceous at the base. (1. b.)

Tongue very long, horny, acuminated, grooved beneath, pube-
scent towards the apex, (c.)
Mandibles none.

Maxilhe not so long as the tongue, slender, rather dilated and
membranaceous towards the apex, (e.)
Palj)i short, cylindric, clavate, hairy, (f.)

Lip large, cylindric, very horny, hairy, hollow, open at the base,
terminated by two small lobes surrounded by hairs, (g.)
Head rather small, transverse, short, attached by a distinct neck.
Proboscis exserted. Clypeus produced, bearded. (2.) Eyes distant
in both sexes. Ocelli 3. Thonw large, gibbous. Scutellum roi/»</tY/.
Abdomen long, obtuse in the males, acuminated and compressed at
the apex in the females. Wings incumbent, with 15 or 16 cells,
4 perfect cells upon the posterior viargin, submarginal cell pedicled
at the apex, Jirst marginal cell narrowed, extending only to the
middle. Halteres naked, elongated. Feet robust, long. Tibiie
straight spined. Tarsi ^-jointed, hairy, Jirst joint the longest. Pul-
villi 2, large (8 afore leg.)

Gkhmanicus Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 1008. 12. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 4.
p. 383. n.Sl. mas. — Meig. Syst. Bes.v. 2. p. 318. n. 18. Tibialis
Fab. Ent. Syst. n. 30. fem.

Male black, shining, hairy. Eyes cupreous. Thorax black,
with two pale longitudinal lines. Abdomen black, glossy, tinged
with blue, the last three segments with black hair, the remainder
of the abdomen, thorax, underside and head with yellowish hairs.
Wings fuscous, pearly white towards the base. Tiiighs black.
Halteres, tibiae and tarsi red brown, black at their extremities.

In the Cabinet of the British Museum.

TiiK vast stores of Natural History, especially insects that
have been received troiii all })arts of liic globe since the ilays

of the immortal Linnaeus, have increased our subjects to so
great an extent, that the Genera of that illustrious man now
form (as in the present instance) natural families composed of
groups which modern authors have found it necessary and
convenient to constitute into Genera, thereby rendering the
investigation, so far as relates to species, much more easy and
intelligible.

Meigen describes 56 European Asili ; about 11 of them
are British, amongst which are, A. crabroniformis L. ;
forcipatus L. ; cestivus Schr. ; opacus G'lirth. ; germanicus L. ;
albipes Meig. ; &c.

The Asilus of the Romans (Mr. W. S. MacLeay observes
in the Linnean Transactions) was the CEstrus of the Greeks
and the Hocmatopota of the present system, a fly exceedingly
annoying to horses, whereas our Asili prey upon other insects,
especially the Diptera ; they prefer resting upon the ground,
particularly in sandy situations ; and the larvae feed upon the
roots of plants under ground, where they change to pupae
covered with spines.

One of the most beautiful of our species is A. crabroniformis^
(figured by Donovan, v. 5. pi. 180.) which is not uncommon
about heaths and commons from June to September: the
rarest sjjccies at present known is A. germanicus (a male of
which is figured) : two specimens are preserved in the British
Museum, sent from Bristol by Mr. Millard. It has also been
observed in Devonshire.

The plant given in the plate is Fumaria claviculata (Climb-
ing Fumitory).

■47

C^iy cJ:GM>i^ -i^wW S«. /fJ8ii4

47.
POGONUS BUKRELLll.

Okukr Colcoptera. Fam. Carabidae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus Carabus chalceus Marsh.

I'oGONUs Ziegler. Raptor Megerle. Carabus Marshum.

AnteniKV nearly cylindric, pilose, 1 1 -jointed, the joints i^radually
increasing in circumference, and decreasing in length from the
third to the terminal joint, which is longer than the j)enultimate
and oblong-conic ; first joint large, second small, third as long as
the first, (f. G.)

Lnbriun transverse, sides convex, basal and anterior margins
slightly emarginate. (1.)

Mdiulibles somewhat curved, slender, acute, with a small tooth
near the base on the internal edge, sometimes with a larger
tooth in the centre. (2.)

Maxilla' curved, slender, acute, with strong bristles on the in-
ternal edge : Paljti internal very slender, 3-jointcd, first joint
minute, second clavate, third attenuated external: 4-jointed, first
joint short, the remainder longer, of nearly equal length, second
cylindric, third clavate, fourth ovate, truncate. (3.)
Menfum transverse, nearly straight at its base, sides very convex
being narrowed behind, deeply emarginate in front with a small
bifid tooth in the centre : Lahiitin exserted, coriaceous in the
centre, lateral processes membranaceous : Palpi 3-jointed, first
joint small, trigonate, second long, clavate, third somewhat
ventricose, terminated (a|)parently) by a gland. (4.)
Head narrower than the thorax, trigonate. Thorax narroiver than the
abdomen, nearly quadrate, with an impression near the posterior
angle. Elytra nearly thriee the length oj the thorax. Scutellum
minute. Wings 2. Legs formed for running, slender. Anterior
tibiiB notched internally, spined at their extremities. Anterior tarsi
in the male dilated, especially the basal joint (5 afore leg).
The dissections are all made from P. liurrellii.

BuRKKixii Haworth's MSS.

Head and thorax smooth, cujjreous, reflectinii' deep green, espe-
cially round the margins, the head with a longitudinal groove on
each side between the eyes, the thorax margined on the sides,
narrowed behind, with the anterior angles rouniled, the posterior
more acute, a channel down the centre, with an impressed line
forming a triangle with the anterior margin, punctured poste-
riorly, with an impressed line parallel to the base, and a large
foveola near the posterior angles. Elytra with a narrow margin,
smooth, pale ochraceous, somewhat variegated with fuscous,
sometimes having a rosy tinge, an abbreviated stria next the
scutellum, and eight punctured longitudinal strite, some of which
are united near the apex. Wings white, semi-transparent.
Scutellum, legs, antennie and palpi more or less dull ferrugi-
nous. Beneath black tinged with green and purple.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Ihirrcll and the Author.

The Genus now under consideration has been named Pogonus
by one author, and Raptor by another; and not knowing
which is entitled to priority, I have followed the Baron Dejean
in adopting the former, not doubting but he had just reasons
for so doing. I am also inclined to believe, that either no
characters liave hitherto been published of this genus, or that
they have not yet reached this country ; I have therefore been
under the necessity of drawing the best I could from our three
species, as well as a specific description of the beautiful indivi-
dual selected for illustration, it never having been before de-
scribed, although it was named many years since, by A. H.
Haworth, Esq., after our old and esteemed friend the Rev.
J. Burrell, F.L.S., by whom it was jfirst detected in 1806, and
to whom I am indebted for specimens, and the following par-
ticulars : " The Genus Raptor^ confined as it is to three British
species [Burrellii Haw.; cJialceus Marsh.; and (smginosus
Steph. MSS.), is perfectly maritime; the species being all
found in the same situation, and may be deemed subaquatic ;
for in tlie winter, and a considerable part of the summer, the
habitat of these pretty animals is entirely covered with water,
which stagnates many inches deep in the low places of the
marshes after the tide has flowed and ebbed. When these spots,
which are first formed by a casual removal of the oozy soil for
agricultural purposes, are dried, through evaporation caused by
the summer sun, the soil cracks in various directions, and out
of these cracks, when any one walks across the place, the
RajJtores dart up with swiftness and in great numbers. They
are principally found in the months of June, July, August,
and September; and if the weather be warm and dry, they may
be captured, though in less quantity, in May and October.
They associate with many species of Bembidinm^ and not un-
frequently the Cillenum laterale is seen in their company.
The most manifest habitat of our species is at Salthouse in
Norfolk, upon the salt marshes separated from the German
Ocean by a high mound of pebbles and other small stones
rounded by attrition, and through which mound the tide
penetrates at its highest flow."

The male is somewhat smaller than the female, but both
sexes vary in magnitude. Its food is undoubtedly similar to
that of other Carahidtv^ and the soil is productive of very few
plants: among these, however, the Statice Limonium (Lavender
Thrift) is handsome and common ; it is therefore made the
accompaniment of the plate.

JS

rM^kfcM^i^ X^ Q^cc. 14 8U

48.

PONTIA DAPLIDICE.

Green chequered white, or Bath white, Butterfly.

Order Lcpidoptera. Fam. Papilionidae Lat.^ Leach.

Type of the Genus Papilio Daplidice Linn.

PoNTiA Fab., Leach. Pieris Schrank., Lat. Papilio Linn., Fab., Haw.
AntenncE composed of about 30 joints, with an abrupt, obconic,
compressed club of 7 or 8 joints (f. 1 . shows part of the antenna.)
Ldbrnm attached to the clypeus. (2. a.)

Mandibles attached to the clypeus, remote, parallel, ciliated.
(2. b.)

Maxilla; long and spiral (3.) : with a small palpus of two joints
near the base.

Labium triangular, elongated (.5.) : Palpi porrected obliquely,
3-jointed, covered with scales, the two first with long hairs also
(4.) : first joint long, recurved from the base, cylindric, second
conical, as long or longer than the first, the third slender, linear,
much shorter than the second in P. Cardamines and Daplidice
(4. a.), and longer than the second in the other species.

Wings not very narrow or much elongated, posterior ones with a groove
on the abdominal margin to receive the abdomen. Feet alike in both
sexes. Tarsi 5 -jointed, first joint very long. Claws unidentate or
bifid.

Larvae elongate, cylindric, downy, sometimes tuberculated.

Pupae elongate, angular, beaked, attached by the tail, girted round
the middle.

Daplidice Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 760. 81. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 3. pars I,
p. 191. w. 593. Haw. Lep. Brit. p. \0. n. II.
Male nearly white. Superior wings above blackish at the apex,
interrupted by large white spots, a blackish spot near the centre
tovvarfis the costa, with the transverse nerve passing througli it
whitish : posterior wings variegated with griseous : superior
wings beneath with the same spots, and a small one near the
posterior angle green speckled with black: inferior wings be-
neath green speckled with black, luiving a row of white spots on
the margin, an interrupted fascia parallel to the margin, and
three other white spots towards the base. Abdomen black with
griseous hairs. Female larger than the male, with an additional
blackish spot near the posterior angle of the superior wings, a
blackish margin with white spots, and a large black sj)ot u])on
the inferior wings ; beneath similar to the male.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Stephens.

The Genus Pofitia contains five British species, wliicii, with
the exception of the one fi<fin*ed, are amongst the most com-

mon of our Butterflies, the caterpillars of many of them being
the greatest pests amongst our vegetables, by feeding upon
and destroying the different varieties of cabbages cultivated in
our kitchen gardens.

As the Genus now stands, it may be divided into those with
the wings rounded, P. Brassicce L.; Rapce L.; Napi L.; — the
others having the wings variegated beneath, P. Cardamiyies L.;
Daplidice L, : the palpi of the first division have the terminal
joint longer than either of the other joints ; whereas the ter-
minal joint is shorter than the second in the two species of
the second division, and P. Cai^damines has two additional
nerves extending to the costa of the superior wings. P. Si-
7iapis I have ventured to remove from the Genus Pontia, the
form of the wings as well as the total disagreement of the
nerves rendering such a step necessary ; and I am borne out
by the extraordinary difference in the palpi, which are short,
flat, the first joint being very large, conic, second small, qua-
drate, the third very small, nearly globose. Although I have
availed myself of the inimitable and elegant dissections of
Mons. Savigny to illustrate the subject, it has not been done
without the most careful comparison of them with nature ; and
I shall take advantage of this opportunity of correcting an
error in his first plate, the figures relating to P. Daplidice
being numbered 2. instead of 3. which error is carried
through the plate.

Pieris Daplidice, like many other insects, seems to be peri-
odical in its appearance. It was taken in the days of Ray,
by Vernon near Cambridge ; by Petiver, near Hampstead :
Lewin also notices it as British. By its trivial name we may
infer it has been taken near Bath ; a faded specimen was taken
in June 1802, in WhitewoodnearGamlingay, Cambridj^-eshire,
by the late Dr. Abbott ; and another (a female), upon the
heights near Dover Castle, August 14, 1818, by J. F. Ste-
phens, Esq. to whom I have to acknowledge my obligations
for the loan of the specimen figured, and also for the hand-
some manner in which he has in this as upon all other oc-
casions rendered me every assistance in the progress of this
volume.

Godart in the Encyclopedie Methodique informs us that
" P. Daj)lidice is very common in Europe. It inhabits woods,
and meadows particularly : it first appears in April and May,
and afterwards in August. The caterpillar feeds upon many
species of cabbage, upon Reseda lutea, and according to Hlib-
ner upon a wild Mustard, the seeds of which it eats. Its
body is of an obscure blue embroidered with yellow and
spotted with black; its head is of a light green with yellow
spots and black dots. The chrysalis is greenish or ash-coloured,
accordino; to the age."

Reseda lutea (Base Rocket, or Wild Mignonette) is figured
with the insect.

CXU^:/^r/:^u/i^ .jLu:in. S^ec-/.- /^±g^

49.
TRICHIOSOMA LATERALE.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Tenthredinidae Lat.., Leach.

Type of the Gchms Tenthredo Lucorum Linn.

Trichiosoma Leach. Cimbex Oliv., Fab., Lat. Tenthredo Linn.,
Fab., Jur.

AnlenncE inserted between the eyes, clavate, punctured, 7 -jointed,
first joint nearly globose, very liairv, second transverse, third
very long and slender, fourth and fifth clavate, truncate, sixth
dilated anteriorly, forming the base of the club which lias an
elevated transverse suture, (f. 1 .)

Lahrnm quadrate, angulated at the base, rounded before and
ciliated, slightly produced in the centre. (2.)
Mandibles exserted, of the male very long, slender, acute, most
commonly with two teeth on the internal side. (3.)
Maxilla; with the external lobe corneous, the internal one mem-
branaceous, hairy : Palpi irregular, extending a little beyond
the maxillrti, composed of six joints nearly equal in length, tiie
fourth being the most dilated, and the terminal most slender.
(4.)

Mentuni short, oblong, slightly angulated before (5. a.) : Palpi
a little longer than the lip, 4-j()inted, first and second joints
somewhat long, cylindric, third joint membranaceous, flat,
broad, terminal joint slender, cylindric (b.) : Lip membrana-
ceous, three-lobed, the centre lobe rather the smallest, attenu-
ated towards the ba.se. (c.)
Clypeus broad, slightly emarginate. Ocelli 3. Abdomen sessile,
villose, cylindric in the males, somewhat ovate and depressed in thefe-
vialcs,Jirst segment, especially of the males, slightly emarginate above.
Oviduct not exserted, composed of two lamellce which are serrated.
Superior wings with 2 marginal and 3 submarginal cells. Thighs
4 posterior dentated and incrassated in the males. Tibiae with siphon-
formed spurs, obtuse at the apex. Tarsi 5 -jointed, with the penulti-
mate joint a little shorter than the antepenultimate, four Jirst joints
with small membranaceous appendages, dentated beneath, especially
the Jirst joint of the males. Claws simple (Q fore leg of a male).
Larva with membranaceous feet.

Laterale Leach Zool. Mis. v. 3. p. 109. n. 2.

/Eneous black covered with soft yellowish hairs. Head and
antennae very black ; sides and underside of abdomen, tibiae,
tarsi, and costa, yellow inclining to ferruginous. Wings stained
with yellow, posterior margin fuscous.

Li the Author's and other Cabinets.

The Genus Trichiosoma was established by Dr. Leadi in his
valuable Monograpli upon the Tfnthrcdinidcv : it is closely

allied to the Genus Cimbex ; from which, however, it is very
distinct in the formation of the organs of manducation, the
labrum being very broad, the mandibles are tridentate, and
the relative proportions of the joints of the palpi are very dif-
ferent; the most constant character in the antennae is the
great length of the third joint, the tarsi have their joints angu-
lated beneath towards the centre, not spined near the apex as
in Cimbex, from which the males may be instantly known, by
their wanting the membranaceous covering near the base of
the abdomen, and the four posterior thighs being furnished
with a tooth. The dissections in the plate are all taken from
a male, in which sex the instrument a cibaria far exceed those
of the female in size, especially the labrum and mandibles.

Trichiosoma laterale is a rare insect, specimens being only
occasionally met with in the woods about London : Mr.
Samouelle first captured a specimen at Coombe, in the month
of April; the one figured (which is a male) came from Darent ;
and I believe Mr. Stephens has also specimens fi-om the same
neighbourhood : the other British species are, T. sylvaticum
Leach. ; Luconim Linn. ; tibiale Steph. ; Scalesii Leach., and
unidentatum Leach.

The larvae, like those of Cimber, roll themselves up in a
peculiar manner, and when full grown inclose themselves in
a hard case, which they attach to the plant they fed upon.
One species ( T. Liworum) is very abundant upon the White-
thorn (PI. 31.) ; and in the winter, when the leaves have fallen
off, the cocoons are easily collected ; and in April following
the fly will make its appearance.

HyacintJms non-scriptns Linn.; Scilla nutans Smith (Hare-
bell Squill) is figured with the insect.

Sj

■U:i^l^fi::^r^Ji.^J^'3.c '/./i'H^

50.
LIMNOBIA OCELLARIS.

Order Diptera. Fam. Tipulidae Lat.^ Leach.

Type of the Genus L. dispar Megerle.
LiMNOBiA Meig. Litnonia Meig., Lat. Tipula Linn., Fab.

Antennce porrected, longer than the head, abruptly setaceous,
15 — 17-jointed, each joint having a ^e\\ hairs arising round the
middle, first joint long, robust, cylindric, second globose, four
or five following subturbinaied, the remainder more or less
clavate. (f. 3.)

/.airMmand") , i * * /,->ji.u \

rp ^ f horny, short, acute. (2*b.)

Lip very large, dilated, bilobcd, membranaceous, hairy. (2*9.)
Palpi 2, exserted, incurved, cylindric, composed of five joints of
nearly equal length. (2. f. and 2*f.)
Head small, long, oval, slightly inclining downward, narrowed behind,
and like a cylindric, compressed, attenuated rostrum be/ore. (2.)
Clypeus ? broad quadrate. (2*.) Ocelli none. Eyes oval, entire.
Thorax gibbous with a distinct transverse segment before. Body very
long, cylindric, apex somewhat incrassated in the males, acuminate
in the females. Oviduct spiniform, corneous, bivalved, valves very
acute. Wings incumbent, parallel, ciliated, having about 17 cells,
3 of which are discoidal, nerves naked. (9.) Halteres naked, club
trigonate. Feet very long, vibratory. Tarsi 5 -jointed, Jirst joint
very long.

OcELLARis Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 973. 17. Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 4. p. 240,
H. 30. Meig. Syst. Bes. v. ] . p. 152. n. 65.
Dull ochraceous, hairy. Eyes, first and second joints of antennae,
bides of the abdomen, a line down the back of the four last joints
and a ring round the middle of each thigh, black ; four lines on
the thorax, 2 spots near the b;ise of the wings, and scutellum
fuscous. Wings stained pale yellow, deej)est towards the costa,
with many fuscous ocelli towards the middle, and spots of the
same colour along the margins^ nerves fuscous. Halteres very
pale.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Stephens and Mr. Haworth.

Meigen enumerates 65 species o^ Limnobia, including Tipula
rivosa and one or two otliers, which ought probably to be
removed from the Genus; and so various are tlie nervures of
their wings, that he has divided them into 21 sections. In

Britain there are at least 50 species in our cabinets ; amongst
which are, Z/. picta F. ; Jiiscipenfiis Meig. ; nemoralis Meig. ;
ferruginea Meig.; littoralis Meig.; Jimbriata Meig.; fusca
Meig. ; lutea Meig. ; tripunctata F. ; xanthoptera Meig. ;
longirostris Wied. ; imrnaculata Meig. ; pilipes F. ; and ocel-
lata L. ; all of which are examples of different sections of
Meigen.

The transformations of our Genus do not appear to have
been noticed. There can be little doubt, however, that in their
CEconomy these insects resemble the Tipulce, from which in
the perfect state they may be easily distinguished, by the short-
ness of the terminal joint of the palpus.

Of the rare and prettily marked species figured, I have seea
but two examples, both of which are females ; and although it
was described by Linnaeus, as it has not I believe hitherto
been figured, it will undoubtedly be interesting and acceptable
to the entomologist.

The plant selected is Potentilla reptans (Common Cinque-
foil).

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF INSECTS.

. Plate.

iVcANTHOsoMA hjEtnorrlioidalis, Red-

tippcd Fidd Bug 28

Anthrax ornat;i, Beautiful Anthrax . . 9
Aphodius villosus, Hair;/ Aphodius . . 27
Asilus germanicus, tyhite- and black-
winged Asilus 46

Atherix Ibis, Dissimilar Athcrix . . 26
Bupalus favillacearius, Grey Scollop

Moth 33

Buprcslis nitidula. Glittering Buprestis 31

Chrysis fulgida, Golden-fly .... 8

Cicindela sylvicola, Epping Sparkler . 1
Cimbex decem-maculata, Ten-spotted

Saujly 41

Clerus alvearius, Bee-hive Beetle . . 44
Croesus septentrionalis, Flat-legged Ten-

thredo 17

Cryptocephalus bipustulatus. Orange-
tipped Cryptocephalus 35

Cteiiopliora oriiata, Urnamented Gnat . 5

Cucullia Astcris, Starwort Shark Moth . 45
Dcilcphila Euphorbia;, Spotted Elephant

Sphinx 3

Enipis Borealis, Northern Empis . . 18
Eumenes atricornis, Black-honied Eume-

nes 13

Eyprepia russula, C/o?<(/<?rf 5m^ Jio<A . 21

Gastropacha quercifolia, Luppet Moth . 24
Ha;mobora pallipes, Pale-legged Hamo-

bora 14

Hedychrum ardens, Red-Jboted Golden-

jiy 38

Hydrometra Stagnorum, Long-headed

Water Bug 32

Tbalia Cultellator, h'nife-shaped Ibalia . 22

Lininobia ocellaris, Ucetlated Gnat . . 50

Plate.
Lithosia muscerda. Ten-spotted Footman

Moth 36

Iiycaena dispar, Large Copper Butterjly 12

Milesia speciosa, Beautiful Mitesia . . 34

Molorchus minor. Maculated Molorchus 11

Nebria livida, Vcllow-margined Nebrna , 6

Notonccta niaculata, Spotted Boat-fly . 10

Odonestis Pini, Pine Lappet Moth . . 7

Omaseus aterrimus, Black Omascus . 15
Pachygaster Leachii, Leac/tian Pachy-

gaster 42

Peltastes Pini, Pine Ichneumon ... 4

Pentatoma cajrulea, Blue Field Bug . 20
Peronea ruficostana, Rufous-margined

Button Moth 16

Pogonus Burrcllii, Burrellian Pogomis 47
Pontia Daplidice, Green chequered white

Butterfly 48

Psen equestris. Red-bodied Psen ... 25

Raphidia Ophiopsis, Spotted Long-neck 37
Khipipliorus paradoxus, Wasps' Nest

Beetle 19

Sarrothripus rzmosanx^Branchedbnish-

legged Moth 29

Scolytus destructor. Elm-destroying Sco-

lytus 43

Sesia bombyliformis. Narrow-bordered

Bee Sesia 40

Siagonura quadricorne. Four-honied

Staphylinus 23

Thymalus limbatus, Rust-coloured Thy-

malus 39

Trichiosoma latcrale, Orange-margined

Saufy 49

Velia Rivulorum, Winged Vclia ... 2

Xyehi pusilla, Small Xyela .... 30

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLANTS.

Ai'iaic.
CHiLLEA Millefolium, Common Yar-
row 19

iEthusa Cynapium, FooVs Parsley . . 11

Alisma Plantago, Great Water Plantain 36

Anemone i'ulsatilla, Pasijue Flower , 27

Antlieniis Cotula, Slinking Chamomile . 26

— — ^^— nobilis, Common Chamomile . 9
Antirrhinum Cymbalaria, Icy-leaved

Snapdragon 38

Aruiido Phragmitis, Common Reed . 12

Athanianta Libanotis, Mountain Spigncl 44

Boletus versicolor, Changeable Boletus . 39

Plate.

Caucalis Anthriscus, Hedge Hen's -foot II

Cerastiuni aquaticum. Marsh Mouse-ear 10

Cliasropliyllum sylvestre, Wdd Chervil . 30

Crataegus Oxyacantha, While-thorn . 31

Crei)is Tectorum, Smooth Hawk's-beard 17

Erica cinerea. Fine-leaved Heath . , 35

Tetralix, Cross-leaved Heath . . 13

Erysiuiiun clieirantlioidcs. Treacle

Worm-seed 20

Euphorbia amygdaloides, Wood Spurge 34

—^—. Paralias, Sea Spurge ... 3

Fumaria claviculata, Climbing Fumitory 46

INDEX.

Plate.
Holcus mollis, Creejnng Soft Grass . . 41
Hyacinthusnon-scriptus, Wild Hyacinth 49
Juncus articulatus, Shining-fruited joint-
ed Rush 2

Lichen parietinus 16

Lichen Prunastri, Plum-tree Lichen . 29
Medicago lupulina. Nonesuch ... 6
Mercurialis perennis, Dogs Mercury . 28
Mnium hornum, Thread Moss ... 23
Peziza aurantia, Orange Spread-cup . 15

Pinus Abies, Sjrruce Fir 4

7
1

sylvestris, Scotch Fir
Poa annua, Annual Meadow Grass .
Polygonum aviculare, Common Knot-
grass

Potentilla reptans, Common CtnquefoU .

5
50

Plate.
Ranunculus Ficaria, Common Pileiuort 25
Reseda lutea, Wild Mignonette ... 48

Salix , Sallow 24

40
32
45
47
22
18

Scabiosa succisa, DeviTs-lnt Scabious
Scrophularia aquatica, Water Figwort .
Solidago virgaurea. Common Golden-rod
Statice Limonium, Lavender Thrift
Stellaria media, Common Chickweed
Taxus baccata. Common Yew-tree .
Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris, Shepherd^s Purse
Torraentilla erecta, Officinal Tormcntil
Veronica Chamredris, Wild Germander
Viola odorata, Ifliite sweet Violet
Ulex Europaeus, Common Furze
Ulmus campestris ? Common Elm .

33
37
42
21
43

ERRATA AND ADDENDA.

Folio. Line.

I 22 for Duftschmidt read Duftschmid.

• 5a 18 for Caterpillar reafZ Cateqjillars : and
for it might read they might.
Z6 for Pupa read Pupa?.
4 It is possible this may be the Ichneu-

mon chrysopus Lewin, Trans.
Linn. See. v. 3. p. 4. tab. 2. f. 5.

6 25 for black behind read black before and

behind.

7 for Odenesis read Odonestis.
7a 25 for patatoria read potatoria.
9 32 afer Tarsi 5 orfrf lointed.

II 26 add Marsh. Ent. Brit. 358.1.

14 Z2for excluded before read excluded

after.
I5a 9 for nigrita read Nigrita.
20 21 for Posterior tibiae read Anterior tibiae.
20 Since this paper was published, in

Folio. Line.

which Pentatoma jticta is men-
tioned, I have received a note
from Mr. Vigors, which says,
" On referring to the insect in
my cabinet, I find a memoran-
dum affixed to it in the hand-
writing of Dr. Leach, in the
following words : ' Taken at
Exeter in Devonshire by myself.
I have another specimen.' "

21a 2, 6, 8 and 2'i:,for russica read russula.

29 for Ramosana, degenerana, &c. read
Ramosanus, degeneranus, &c.

35a 7 for Gamlung read Samlung.
14 /"or Beegiarius read Belgiarius.

41 52 'add Claws bifid.

43 39 for Lord Sidney read Lord Sydney.

46a 14 ybr Haematopota read Tabanus.

For an explanation of the terms used in this Volume, the reader is referred to Samouelle's
Useful Compendium, Stewart's Elements of Natural History, and the forthcoming volumes
of Kirby and Spence's Introduction to Entomology.

Purchasers are recommended to have their volumes put in Boards only, until the work is
completed, when a Systematic Arrangement of the whole will be given.

Binders are requested on no account to beat the Volume until it has been published a
sufficient time to prevent the ink being transferred by pressure.

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