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y^ BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY^
y^^y BEING
ILLUSTRATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS
OF
THE GENERA OF INSECTS
FOUND IN
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND:
CONTAINING
COLOURED FIGURES FROM NATURE
OF THE MOST RARE AND BEAUTIFUL SPECIES,
AND IN MANY INSTANCES
OF THE PLANTS UPON WHICH THEY ARE FOUND.
BY JOHN CURTIS, F.L.S.
HONORARV MEMBER OF THE ASHMOLEAN SOCIETY OF OXFORD,
OF THE IMPERIAL AND ROYAL ACADEMY OF FLORENCE,
OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC.
VOL IV.
HYMENOPTERA, Part IL
NEUROPTERA. TRICHOPTERA.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR,
AND SOLD BY
E. ELLIS AND CO., 92 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY;
SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, STATIONERS' COURT ; AND
J. B. BAILLIERE, 219 REGENT STREET.
1823—1840.
'* JUN25 W1 *]
PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN K. TAYLOR,
REJ LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
>^v
TO
MoNs. P. A. LATREILLE,
Member of the Institute, of the Legion of Honour, Sfc. S^c. Professor at
the Garden of Plants,
WHOSE INVALUABLE AND UNRIVALLED WRITINGS
HAVE CONTRIBUTED SO ESSENTIALLY TO THE ADVANCE-
MENT OF SCIENCE,
THE PRESENT VOLUME
IS DEDICATED,
AS A SMALL BUT SINCERE TOKEN
OF THE ESTEEM AND RESPECT OF
THE AUTHOR.
London, Dec. I, 1830.
TO
WILLIAM SHARP MACLEAY, Esq.
M.A. F.L.S. &c.
TO WHOSE LEARNED AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES
ENTOxMOLOGISTS ARE SO GREATLY INDEBTED,
THIS VOLUME
IS INSCRIBED,
AS A TOKEN OF FRIENDSHIP,
AND OF THE ESTEEM OF
THE AUTHOR.
London, Dec. 1, 1831.
7^/
,-cii
a^Uj, cj:-i^^^c/a^./'yS«ec. 414. 1665. — Don. Brit. Ins. v.l.pl. 7. — Panz. 5. 22.
Length from 2 to 7 lines. Yellow or blue green, shining, clothed with
soft upright gray hairs, thickly and coarsely punctured : antennae velvety
black, excepting the 2 basal joints which are green : head more or less
purple or blue on the crown, collar with a spot in the centre and an elon-
gated mark on each side, of the same colour : thorax variegated with pur-
ple also : abdomen effulgent, golden crimson, sometimes green on the
sides and violaceous on the back, down the two first joints of which there
is an elevated line ; the punctation is generally very coarse at the base,
fine on the sides and sometimes very minute, thick or vanishing towards
the apex which is crenated, forming 4 teeth, much more acute in the
males than females ; nearly at the base of them is a semicircular row of
from 14 to 18 deep punctures : wings stained brown, nervures piceous :
legs green : tarsi velvety black : ovipositor frequently exserted, brownish
ochre, the terminal plate of the abdomen beneath generally black.
This is one of the most variable insects in size, colour, and sculp-
ture, and I have little doubt but a considerable number of the fol-
lowing species are nothing more than extreme varieties.
The head and thorax are bright green of various hues, variegated
with deep blue or purple, sometimes entirely of a fine chalybeous
colour; the body resembles the brightest gold, reflecting most lovely
imts ot crimson or violet, sometimes eneous or cupreous, and more
or less encircled with a beautiful yellow green ; the ridge on the
back of the body sometimes extends nearly to the apex, the punc-
tures are in some thick and coarse, in others innumerable and mi-
nute, and again almost vanishing : the teeth at the apex are also
much less developed in some than in others.
This msect is distributed over the whole country, and is seen
2
when the sun shines running over the sides of walls, posts, and
sandy banks, from May to the middle of August.
2. C. affinis Leach. — Sam. — Curfis's Guide.
About the size of C ignita, and probably only a variety ; the fore and
hind part of the head, 3 spots on the collar, the mesothorax and scutel-
lum are blue ; back of the abdomen purplish ; the apex with the teeth
very short.
3. C. nitens Ste. — Curtis's Guide.
4. C. micans Ste. — Curtis's Guide.
5. C. fulminans Ste. — Curtis's Guide.
6. C. confinis Ste. — Curtis's Guide.
These are probably merely varieties of C. ignita, as well as the
three next.
7. C. effulgens Leach. — Harris's Exposition, pi. 19. f. 2.?
Very similar to C. ignita. Mr. Dale has taken it in June and
July at Glanville's Wootton, Dorset.
8. C. pulchra Ste. — Curtis's Guide.
Taken by Mr. Dale at Dawlish, Devon, May 22nd.
9. C. ephippium Ste. — Curtis's Guide.
Length 4 lines. Duller than C. ignita, thickly punctured and clothed
v^rith soft upright gray pubescence ; bright green : antennae velvety black,
2 basal joints green, crown of the head, a central and 2 lateral spots on
the collar, the whole of the mesothorax and centre of the scutellum dark
blue-purple : abdomen with the sides slightly coarctate, with a ridge down
the back, rather dull golden crimson, the back somewhat blue, the row of
punctures sometimes irregularly united, teeth rather acute ; beneath green
to the apex variegated with gold : wings slightly stained with brown,
the nervures piceous : tarsi velvety black.
I do not think this is a good species, and it may be the other sex
of the variety named C. ajfiiiis. Taken by Mr. Dale in June at
Puddle Town and Glanville's Wootton ; near Cambridge ; at Am-
bleside, and in the Isle of Bute.
10. C. aurulenta Ste. — Curtis's Guide.
Length 3|^ lines. Thickly and rather coarsely punctured, clothed with
soft long gray pubescence, especially the head ; bright shining green,
crown of the head and the whole of the mesothorax deep purple : abdo-
men with an elevated line down the back, golden reflecting crimson, 12
or 14 punctures surrounding the apex, the central teeth somewhat ap-
proximating : wings scarcely tinted, nervures piceous : antennae and tarsi,
excepting the two basal joints of the former, velvety black, underside
bright green to the apex.
This insect I have taken near London.
11. C. fulgida Linn. F. S. 415. IQQ^.—Curt. Brit. Ent.jil. 8.— Pane. 79. 15.
Shining, deeply and thickly punctured, pubescent ; bright grp°D, varie-
gated with purple and green : abdomen with an elevated line down the
back, the 2nd and 3rd joints only aureous, reflecting bright crimson on
the back, greenish on the sides, apex surrounded by about 16 punctures,
and furnished with 4 rather acute teeth, beneath green and black : tarsi
and antennae, excepting the 2 basal joints of the latter, black : wings
stained brown, nervures piceous.
3
The beautiful female represented in the plate was taken with
other specimens in June at Birch Wood, in Kent, by Mr. Stand-
ish ; it has also been found on gravelly banks in July at Bexley, in
the same county, by Mr. Samouelle ; it has likewise occurred in
Epping Forest; Coombe Wood; Teignmouth, Devon; and Mr. F.
Walker has met with it at Southgate.
fe"^
12. C. Stoudera Jnr. pi. 12. f. A2.—Panz. 10/, 12.
Length 3f lines. Slightly shining, pubescent, thickly and strongly punc-
tured, deep blue-purple, 2nd and 3rd joints of abdomen gold reflecting
crimson and green, the former with a large orbicular-quadrate purple
spot, extending from the base beyond the middle ; about IS punctures
surrounding the apex, which has 4 strong teeth : antenna; and tarsi black,
excepting the two basal joints of the former : wings slightly stained brown,
nervures piceous.
Rare : June, sandy banks near London.
13. C. bidentata Linn. — Don. 1. 19. — Panz. 77- 15. — dimidiata Fah.
Length nearly 4 lines. Thickly and strongly punctured, pubescent,
shining : collar, metathorax and scutellura golden-crimson : abdomen
with an elevated line down the back, the principal part of the posterior
portion of the basal, and the whole of the 2nd articulation above, of the
same colour, apex with a curved line of strong punctures, the apex emar-
ginate, forming 4 obscure teeth : antennae and tarsi black, except in the
2 basal joints of the former.
June, July, and August, at Cambridge ; Bedford ; Dover ; Bide-
ford, Devon ; and Isle of Portland, J. C. Dale, Esq. I once saw
it in some abundance going out and into the burrows of an Ody-
nerus (pi. 137.), on a sunny bank in Darent Wood, probably in
order to deposit its eggs in those of the Odynerus.
15. C. inermis Ste. — Curtis's Guide.
Whether this be a variety of the foregoing species I am unable
to ascertain.
16. C. succincta Linn. Syst. Nat. v. 1. pars 2, p. 947. n. 3. — Panz. 77. 16.
Length 3 lines. Strongly and thickly punctured, pubescent, bright green,
shining : crown of the head purple : collar variegated with purple : meso-
thorax golden-green and red : abdomen golden-green, the back crimson,
apex triemarginate, forming 4 small teeth : wings slightly stained brown,
nervures piceous : antenna; and tarsi velvety black, the former with the
3 basal joints green ; a curved line of strong punctures round the apex.
This rare and beautiful species has been taken by Mr. Dale in
gravel-pits at West Hurne, Hants, 12th of July 1823; and I think
I have seen it on a sandy bank in August at Ramsdown, near Heron
Court, the property of the Earl of Malmesbury. The specimen in
my possession was communicated to me by Captain Blomer, who
took it at Bigbury Bay, Devon, 8th of September 1823. It has
also been observed near Bristol by Mr. Millard.
* * Apex of abdomen tridentate.
17. C. cyanea Linn. F. S. 414. 1667.— -Don. 7. 2Zb.~Panz. 51. 10.
Length 2k to 3j lines. Thickly but not deeply punctured, pubescent,
4
glossy, greenish blue, crown of the head purple : thorax variegated with
the same, 1st and '2nd joints of abdomen black or blue purple above, apex
with a curved line of strong punctures, biemarginate, forming 3 scarcely
visible teeth : wings nearly transparent, nervures piceous : antennae and
tarsi black, basal joint of former green.
From beginning of June to August, near London ; in Norfolk ;
Kimpton near Andover; New Forest, and Glanville's Wootton.
I find this species on old posts and dead trees : and Donovan says
it is common on fruit-trees.
* * *
Apex of abdomen rounded, without teeth.
18. C. rufa Panz. 79- 16.—Curf. Guide.
Length 3| lines. Rather robust, dull, exceedingly thickly punctured, pu-
bescent : head and thorax coarsely punctured, green, crown of the head
and mesothorax dark blue or purple : abdomen so thickly and minutely
punctured as to appear like frosted gold reflecting crimson, apex with a
semicircular line of punctures : wings stained brown, except at the apex,
nervures piceous : antennse and tarsi velvety black, the former with the
2 basal joints green.
End of June, sandy banks and chalk-pits, Darent and Dover,
Kent; beginning of June on posts, &c., Chesterton near Cambridge,
and Isle of Portland; also to the end of July, Parley Heath.
J. C. Dale, Esq.
19. C. Austriaca Fab. Piez. 173. 15. — radians Harr. Expos, tab. 19. f. 3.
Length 4J lines. Thickly and coarsely punctured, shining, clothed with
fuscous pubescence : head and thorax green, variegated with blue : abdo-
men golden, reflecting crimson, nearly truncated at the apex, with a row
of small punctures : wings tinged brown, nervures piceous : antennae and
tarsi velvety black, 3 basal joints of the former green.
It is remarkable that Fabricius in his essential character, says,
" the anus is quadridentate;" and in his specific description, which
immediately follows, he says " that the anus is unarmed."
From June 7th to July 24th, Bottisham, Cambridgeshire; Glan-
ville's Wootton and Beaminster, Dorset. J. C. Dale, Esq.
20. C. cserulipes Fab. Sysf. Piez. 173. 13. — Panz. 107. 11. — cserulescens Fab.
Ent. Syst.—Coq. tab. 14./. 5.— Leachii Ste.
Length 4|: lines. Deeply punctured, crimson : metathorax, breast and
legs blue : antennae black : superior wings stained yellowish brown.
A single specimen of this fine species is contained in the cabinets
of the British Museum. I believe it was presented by Dr. Leach.
21. C. variegata Curtis.
About 2 lines long : slender, smooth, shining, yellowish green. Head
dark green : antennae black ; collar and thorax banded with golden red ;
abdomen with the basal joint golden, red across the middle ; 2nd and 3rd
joints entirely of that colour : wings slightly fuscous : legs green and
black.
This little species reminds us at first sight of C. succincta, but it
has the apex of the abdomen entire, which is the reason I have not
adopted the name nttidula, under which it stands with a ? in the
5
British Museum ; as Fabricius states that the apex of his insect is
quadridentate.
It was taken at Exeter, probably by Dr. Leach.
The Plant represented is Thlaspi (Capsella Dec.) Bursa Pasto-
ris (Shepherd's Purse).
:is
y^%
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae Z/e«c7i. Formicarise
Type of the Genus Myrmecina Latreillii Nob.
Myrmecina Nobis.
Antennce inserted in the middle of the face, remote, longer than
the head and thorax, geniculated, hairy ; 13-jointed, basal joint
short, but twice as long- as the 2nd, which is subglobose, the
3rd and following oblong, those beyond the 5th being rather
obovate-truncate, terminal joint the longest, elongate-conic (1).
Labrum large and exserted, coriaceous, dilated at the base, each
side producing a small lobe beneath ; anterior margin rounded
and notched, with a few bristles and ciliated (2).
Mandibles none, at least in the male.
Maxillce large and dilated, terminated by a broad membranous
and ciliated lobe, meeting behind the mentum when at rest.
Palpi rather long and slender, 4-jointed, basal joint the smallest,
2nd and 3rd of nearly equal length, 4th long subfusiform (4),
Mentum subovate, truncated at the base, with an arched suture
towards the top. Lip none ? Palpi rather long and slender,
triarticulate, 1st and 2nd joints nearly of equal length, the 3rd
longer and subfusiform (5).
Head subglobose. Eyes globose. Ocelli very prominent, forming a
large triangle. Thorax ovate. Metathorax bidentate. Peduncle
biarticulate, 2nd joint the largest and globose. Abdomen ovate-
conic, 5-jointed, basal joint covering the greater portion of the body.
Wings with a trigonate stigma, the marginal cell pedicled at the
apex; one discoidal cell, and the apical nervures obscure. Legs rather
long. Thighs long, slender, dilated in the middle. Tibiae short, an-
terior producing a pectinated spine. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint as
long as the tibia, the remainder oblong. Claws small, Pulvilli di-
stinct (8, afore leg).
Obs. All the figures and descriptions were taken from a male.
Latreillii Nobis.
Smooth, shining, piceous black ; sparingly clothed with hairs.
Eyes black. Head and thorax with a few punctures. Antennae
and legs ferruginous, thighs and tibiae piceous in the middle.
Wings very iridescent, yellowish fuscous, stigma and nervures
brown.
In the Author's Cabinet.
The only specimens I have ever seen of this little insect were
all males, which I swept off rushes the middle of August and
beginning of September, at the back of the Isle of Wight,
where they were flying about ; and having been unsuccessful
in searching for the females and neuters, I am induced to
publish the materials I possess, hoping that it may lead to the
discovery of the sexes.
Myrmecina is nearly related to Myrmica, of which genus I
would willingly have made it a division ; but the short basal
joint of the antennae, the different nervation of the wings, and
above all, the absence of the mandibles, rendered this desirable
object impracticable. The labrum also is remarkable for hav-
ing the basal angles thickened and produced ; and these I am
almost disposed to think are modifications of mandibles.
This nondescript insect I have the pleasure of dedicating
to my esteemed friend Mons. Latreille, whose investigation of
the family to which it belongs, as well as his numerous valu-
able works on Entomology, have contributed so effectively to
the philosophical advancement of Science.
The beautiful plant represented is LatJiyrus sylvestris (Wild
Lathyrus), it grows luxuriantly on the sloping cliff between
Bonchurch and Luccomb Chine, and spontaneously orna-
ments the elegant grounds of James Vine, Esq. at Puckaster
Cove in the Isle of Wight.
77
%/-Jy(J:€u'>J!u. .£nJ.^ 'Ju^y /■ m-i'
77.
MUTILLA EPHIPPIUM.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Mutilladae Lat.^ Leach.
Type of the Genus Mutilla Europsea Linn.
MuTiLLA Linn., Fab., Lat., Leach, &;c.
Antennce distant, somewhat fusiform, much longer than the head,
13-jointed in the males, 12-jointed in the females, 1st joint long,
hairy, incurved, not receiving the 2nd, which is small, cup-shaped,
the 3rd obconic, 4th and following nearly of equal length (fig. 1).
Lahrum nearly concealed by the clypeus, transverse, coriaceous,
ciliated, and producing a few long bristles near its base (2).
Mandibles exserted, long, narrowed near the base, tridentate (3).
Maxilla: long, terminal lobe minute, rounded, ciliated, membrana-
ceous : Palpi very long, hairy, 6-jointed, 1st joint bent, 2nd di-
lated, remainder somewhat long, the last slender cylindric (4).
Mentum corneous, trigonate elongated (5 a) : Palpi as long as
the mentum, to the anterior angles of which they are attached,
|>ubescent, 4-jointed, 1st joint bent, clavate, 2nd and 3rd com-
pressed, the latter somewhat rhomboidal, 4th long slender cylin-
dric (b) : Lip coriaceous, very short, hollow, completely con-
cealed behind the mentum.
Clypeus produced, emarginate. Head globose. Ocelli 3 in the males
alone. Thorax of the male venj convex with a transverse suture
and scutellum ; of the female cubical without transverse sutures
and scutellum. Abdomen attached by a short peduncle, ovate, 2nd
segment large, somewhat campanulate. Wings of males pubescent,
stigmata celluliform, marginal cell remote from the apex, submargi-
nalcellsS. Females apterous ; armed with a sting. Anterior legs
short, with a long, compressed, membranaceous spine at the apex of
the tibicE, the 4 posterior tibia spurred (8 afore leg).
Ephippium Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 2. p. 370. n. 18. mas. — rufipes. Fab. Ent.
Syst. 2. 372. 26. fern.
Male black, shining, pilose with long whitish hairs. Head some-
what minutely punctured. Thorax and scutellum brick-colour,
anterior margin black extending in the centre as far as the su-
ture, strongly punctured ; metathorax very coarsely punctured.
Abdomen strongly punctured. Wings stained yellowish fus-
cous with alternate fascia of red and green next the poste-
rior margin. — Female black glossy. Head thickly punctured.
Neck, thorax, peduncle and basal joint of abdomen brick-
colour, thorax coarsely punctured. Abdomen minutely punc-
tured, rufous at the apex and the margins of the segments,
which appear silvery from the denseness of the hair, as well as
a spot on the 2nd segment. Antennae and legs rufous, the
former fuscous towards the apex.
In the Author's Cabinet.
Although the Miitillada bear considerable resemblance to
the Formkadce their economy is totally different, the latter
livino- in societies exliibiting males, females, and nenters, which
last only are apterons ; the former being solitary, having no
neuters, the males only being furnished with wings. It is un-
necessary to go any further into the differences of the two
families. The female MutillcE want the little eyes upon the
crown of the head, as well as the wings with which the males
are furnished ; and the eyes and thorax are very differently
formed. Jurine has justly observed " What is the object of
Nature in establishing such disparities, and where is the utility
of it ? These are problems that we cannot resolve, because of
our ignorance of the history of these insects, but which well
deserve the attention of naturalists." It is well known that they
inhabit sandy districts, and it is probable the females form
their nests and deposit their eggs in such situations, wliich
employment would render wings and ocelli of little use; whereas
the males, which may be less numerous than the other sex,
are supplied with wings to enable them to go in search of the
females, as is frequently the case amongst the Lepidoptera
and other orders.
We are able to record at present only three species of this
beautiful genus as inhabitants of Britain : 1 . M. Eiiropcea Linn. ;
2. calva Fab.; 3. Ephippium Fab. The first is common in
sandy lanes and foot-paths in June, — it is figured in Donovan's
Brit. Ins. v. 6. p. 212.; the second, (in the cabinet of Mr.
Stephens,) is figured in Coquebert's Icon. Ins. tab. 16. f. 10.
Latreille and many other entomologists have long suspected
M. Ephippium and M. rujipes to be the sexes of the same
species, since we only know the males of the one, and the
females of the other : as such I have ventured to give them,
having found both insects in this country, — the female in a
gravel-pit, and the male flying over a sunny bank near
Shooter's-hill, Kent, the 15th June 1822.
Brywn suhulatum (Awl-shaped Screw-moss) is figured in
the plate.
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7-n 3^
329.
METHOCA ICHNEUMONIDES.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Mutillidae Lat., Leach.
Type of the Genus, Methoca ichneumonides Lat.
Methoca Lat., Lea., Curt. — Mutilla Jur.
AntenncB inserted at the base of the clypeus, longer than the
head, curved, nearly filiform, pubescent, 12-jointed, basal joint
short and very robust, 2nd the shortest, remainder oblong,
slightly decreasing in length to the last, which is elongate-ovate
Labrum inserted under the clypeus, transverse oval, ciliated and
producing a few long bristles (2).
Mandibles long, slender, slightly curved, bidentate at the apex,
clothed with many long bristles (3).
MaxillcE small, terminated by a minute semilunular ciliated lobe.
Palpi long, pilose, 6-jointed, basal joint rather the shortest, 4th
the longest, 2nd and 3rd a little stouter than the others (4).
Mentum convex oblong, rounded before. Lip none, or very mi-
nute. Palpi rather long and pilose, inserted on each side the
mentum close to the fore-part, 4-jointed, 1st joint slender at the
base, terminal one a little the longest (5)*
Head large subglobose. Eyes lateral oval. Ocelli 3 in triangle on the
crown. Trunk nodose, formed of 3 segments, the 1st or prothorax
obovate, the 2nd or mesothorax smaller and oblong bearing aji ovate
scutellum, the 3rd or metathorax ovate, not larger than the meso-
thorax. Wings none. Abdomen ovoid, attached by a short pedun-
cle, acute at the apex which is slightly incurved, and armed with a
sting, 2nd and 3rd segments very large. Legs strong. Coxae large.
Thighs a little robust. Tibiae ; anterior with a long pectinated spine
at the apex. Tarsi long, 5 -jointed, basal joint very long, 4th small-
est. Claws bent and acute (8).
Ichneumonides Za^. Hist. Nat.v.\3.p.269. — Curtis'sGuide,Gen.666.
— formicaria Jur. pi. 13.
Female. Bright ochraceous, shining with scattered punctures and
pubescence. Antennae fuscous towards the apex. Head and
abdomen black, the latter ochreous and hairy at the apex. Legs
hairy, base of the thighs and tips of the tarsi rather piceous.
In the Cabinet of the Author.
The only British insects with which Methoca might be con-
founded are the females of Mutilla and Myrmosa, and the
apterous Ichneumonidae (Pezomachus Grav.); the peculiar
form of the thorax will however at once distinguish our insect
from the rest ; and it is further separated from the females of
the first by the ocelli, and from the Pezomachi by the fewer
joints of the antennae, independent of the 6-jointed maxillary
palpi and other differences in the trophi.
The specimen from which the drawing was made is, I be-
lieve, the only British one discovered, and has never been re-
corded as a native of this country, excepting in the Guide. I
took it the 30th July 1828, running upon a mass of sand-stone
ascending Black-gang Chine in the Isle of Wight. I looked
in vain for another, and was not more successful in my search
for the Tengyra Sanvitali. It is to the liberality of a most
zealous and distinguished entomologist at Lyons, Mons. Fou-
dras, that I am indebted for a specimen of this insect to dis-
sect, as well as for the Tengyra and other rarities.
Latreille says that the Methoca is found running upon the
ground in fields in the South of France, but vei'y rarely:
Mons. Foudras has taken it near Lyons with Tengyra Sanvi-
tali, which he believes to be the male, and the same opinion
having been entertained I believe in the 7th vol. of the Annales
du Musee, I shall subjoin the characters, partly from Latreille's
Gcn.Crust. v. 4. ^.116, with additions from my own observa-
tion.
Tengyra.
AiitenncB of the male shorter than the body, subsetaceous,
composed of 13 joints, the 2nd very minute.
Ocelli three.
Mcmdihlcs bidentate.
Palpi, maxillary long, the joints unequal.
Labium truncated at the apex, subemarginate (trifid, lateral
laciniae very short ?).
Me7itum with the apex subacuminate in the middle.
Wings, superior with the marginal cell closed, nearly touch-
ing the apex, narrow, subelliptic, and acute, 3 perfect sub-
marginal cells, the 1st and the 2 discoidal cells long.
Abdomen elongated and narrow, subfusiform, the annula-
tions slightly coarctate.
Feet short and slender.
Sanvitali Lat.
Black, shining, pubescent : clypeus carinated ; trunk punc-
tured, mesothorax rugose ; stigma and nervures piceous ;
abdomen very shining.
Found in Etruria, in the fields of Piedmont, and near Paris
and Lyons.
The plant is Galium cmciatum (Cross- wort or Mug- weed).
66,/
\
664.
TIPHIA MINUTA.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Scoliadae.
Type of the Genus, Tiphia femorata Fab.
TiPHiA Fab., Lat., Panz., Jur., Vand. L., Shuck., Curt. — Bethyllus
Panz.
Antenna inserted at the base of the clypeus, approximating, a
little longer than the head, filiform or subfusiform, a little curved
and 13-jointed in the males, basal joint the stoutest, subovate,
2nd small, cup-shaped, 3rd a little larger, the remainder sub-
quadrate, apical joint a little longer and ovate-conic ; more
curved and 12-jointed in the female, the apical joint consider-
ably longer than the 11th (1).
Labrum small, concealed under the clypeus, pocket-shaped, the
anterior margin ciliated or pectinated with long stout spines,
the 2 central ones very long (2).
Mandibles crossing, long, rather slender, curved and acute, hairy
outside (3).
Maxillce with a horny base and a large hairy lobe on the inside.
Palpi attached to the upper margin of the horny portion, long,
hairy, and composed of 6 unequal joints, 1st joint bent at the
base, 2nd and 3rd the stoutest, cleaver- shaped, the former the
shortest, the following long and subclavate, tapering, the apical
joint being the slenderest and conical at the point (4).
Mentum top-shaped, hiding the Lip, which is very short. Palpi
stout hairy and4-jointed, basal joint the slenderest, clavate with
a spine outside, 2nd truncated obliquely, 3rd more pear-shaped,
4th ovate-conic (5).
Head transverse, not broader than the thorax ; face orbicular ; eyes
lateral ovate : ocelli 3 in triangle on the crown. Thorax ovate,
collar ample ; scutel lunate ; metathorax truncated. Abdomen
ovate-conic, basal joint campanulate, -petiole short and stout with a
tooth on each side. Wings, superior with one marginal, 2 submar-
ginal and 3 discoidal cells, the 1st complete in the male, open in the
female (9) with the apex of the wing notched. Legs short and stout,
very spiny and hairy in the female (8) : thighs, posterior very short,
incrassated and compressed in the female : tibiae short, ivith long
slender spurs and series of short thick spines outside the 4 posterior
in the female : tarsi rather short and 5-jointed, tapering and very
bristly in the female : claws short and bifid. (8, afore leg.)
MiNUTA Valid. Lind. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 667. 3.
In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale, Mr. Shuckard, and the Author.
The Scoliidae form a very extensive family inhabiting warm
latitudes and the tropics. On the sandy shores of the Medi-
terranean, especially near Frejus, I found a considerable num-
ber of species, but none inhabit Great Britain or the North of
Europe that I am aware of, excepting the genus Tiphia, for
^^IVJg^i pl- 532, is evidently a distinct family, and Tcngyra
Ul
being the male of Methoca, pi. 329, must be united to the
Mutillidae.
The male Tiphiae are often found resting on the ground,
especially in sandy districts, and the females frequent umbel-
liferous and other flowers. The difference in the marginal
cell, which is closed in the male, as shown in our coloured
figure, and open in the female, as represented at fig. 9, forms
a remarkable character in this group.
1. femorata Fab. — Panz. 53. 3. — Jur.pl. 9. Gen. 11. — villosa
Fab.$.—Panz. 98. 16.
Black, shining, pubescent, metathorax with 3 elevated lines,
the central one abbreviated, legs rufous in the female, anterior
pair brown ; wings pale reddish-brown : length 2i to 5 lines.
Latreille says this insect makes its nest in the earth at the
end of summer. It is a common and variable species ; some*
times the legs are red in the male and black in the female.
Taken in Norfolk, Birch Wood, the New Forest ; August,
Parley and Charmouth, Mr. Dale; on the beach at Bourne-
mouth, the Honourable C. A. Harris; and on flowers near
Dover in July, J. C.
2. Morio Fab.?— Panz. 55. 1.
" Black, villose and punctured ; apex of the mandibles ru-
fescent. The metathorax rugose, without the longitudinal
elevated lines ; the wings with their stigma very large, and
their nervures piceous. The abdomen very villose and
shining : length 5 lines." Shnck.
The male in the British Museum is believed to have been
taken in Devonshire by Dr. Leach. The Fabrician specimen
was from Spain.
3. minuta Vand. Lind. — Curt. Brit. Fnt. pi. 66^. (?.
Male. Intense black ; shining and pubescent ; palpi brown,
apex of mandibles ferruginous ; metathorax with 3 complete
elevated lines ; abdomen very finely punctured : wings
stained brown ; nervures deeper, stigma large ovate and
piceous; apexof anterior tibiae ferruginous, their tarsi more
ochreous, tips of the other tibiae and all the tarsi sometimes
ferruginous ; spurs whitish : antennae reddish brown be-
neath in the female, mandibles rufous only at the middle ;
apex of abdomen pitchy-red.
The neuration of the wings varies greatly in this little spe-
cies, as shown by Mr. Shuckard, who has taken several speci-
mens on Hampstead Heath, and Mr. Dale finds it in abun-
dance atGlanville's Wootton on grass and laurels, from the end
of March to June. He informs me that he took a ^th species
on the sand-hills at Braunton Burrows in Devon the end of
July. I observed the male of F. femorata in considerable
numbers on the sand-hills at Boulogne the end of August, but
not one female !
The Plant is Thalictrum minus., Less Rue -weed, from Arn-
cliffj communicated by Mr. T. Howson.
JIIc'
C^. 4. rj, C:,i^cX». /: /rfcJcT
)^^ JIBS'
532.
SAPYGA CLAVICORNIS.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Sapygidas.
Type of the Genus, Scolia 5-punctata Fah.
Sapyga Lat., Jur., King., Van Lin., Curt. — Hellus Fab., Panz. —
Masaris Panz. — Scolia and Sirex Fab. — Vespa Geof. — Apis
Linn., Don.
Antennce remote, inserted near the middle of the face, as long
as the head and thorax, clavate, especially in the males, and
13-jointed : 12-jointed in the females (1), basal joint the lon-
gest and stoutest, 2nd cup-shaped, 3rd slenderer, the remainder
gradually increasing in diameter and decreasing in length, the
1 1th joint being nearly quadrate, 1 2th short and ovate.
Labrum minute and concealed beneath the clypeus, forming a
tongue-shaped membranous lobe, coriaceous and ciliated at the
apex (2 /).
Mandibles a little porrected, very hairy, slightly curved, with 3
strong teeth in both (3).
MaxillcB rather long, terminated by an ovate incurved lobe, with
a notch on both sides near the apex, which forms an ovate lobe,
ciliated with strong bristles. Palpi much longer than the lobe,
slender and 6-jointed, the 2nd being the shortest and the 3rd
a little the longest (4) .
Mentum long linear and slightly compressed. Labium composed
of 2 short pointed and pubescent lobes. Palpi bent back, com-
posed of 4 clavate joints of nearly equal length, the apical one
being fusiform (4).
Clypeus sinuated, and bidentate at the centre (2) .- head thick and or-
bicular, with an elevated line between the antenna : eyes lateral the
inner margin notched : ocelli 3 in triangle on the crown of the head.
Thorax elongate-ovate sloped and rounded behind, anterior margin
truncated and a little concave, collar forming a perfect band : scu-
tellum semiovate. Abdomen very much narrowed at the base, elon-
gate-ovate, conical at the apex, female armed with a sting. Wings,
superior with 1 marginal, 4 submarginal and 3 discoidal cells. Legs
simple, rather short and slender : thighs short : tibiae, anterior
short and clavate, with a bifid compressed spine at the apex, the
others with a pair of acute spurs : tarsi attenuated, 5 -jointed, basal
joint the longest, 4th minute : claws with a small tooth beneath :
pulvilli minute (8, afore leg).
Clavicornis Linn. — prisma Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 668. 2.
In the Cabinets of Mr. Shuckard, the Author, 8;c.
Sapyga is a remarkable Insect; its ample collar reminds us
of the Chrysidae, but in general aspect as well as in the shape
of the palpi and the form of the maxillary lobe, rounded and
reflected, we cannot fail from drawing a comparison with Hy-
laius (pi. 373) and the Andrenidae : it appears, however, to be
most related to the Mutillidaa and Scoliidae, and like them
the females have the power of stinging very acutely.
Dr. Klug says these Insects frequent flowers in meadows
and fields and fly swifdy : there are only 2 species inhabitants
of England, although from the sexes being so very dissimilar
in one, and the body of the male varying greatly in the num-
ber of the spots, they have been described by Fabricius and
others under a variety of names, as
1. S. 4-guttata Fab. Spec. Ins. — 6-guttata Fah. Ent. Syst. var.
— 6-punctata Fab. Sj/st. Picz. — 10-guttata Jwr. j?/. 9.f. 13.
— 4-punctataP«?i2;. 87.20.; Males. — S-punctataivz^;. Spec.
Ins. — Pacca Fab. Mant. Ins. — 5-guttata Don. 13. 438.;
females. — punctata Khig. Mon. tab. l.Jig. 4, 5, 6. — Panz.
100. 17? of this reference I am doubtful, and there are
too many joints in the antennae.
Male black ; antennae with a ^e\v of the central joints fer-
ruginous beneath ; clypeus and a stripe on the anterior tibiae
white; 3rd and 4th, and sometimes the 2nd and 5th segments
of the abdomen with a white spot on each side, with similar
spots occasionally on the underside. Female often having 3
white dots on the head, and one on each shoulder, 2nd and
3rd segments of abdomen rufous, 4th and 5th with a white
spot on each side, 6th with one at the apex.
I never saw so many of this insect as on the 11th of June,
at Ambleside, in company with Mr. Dale, when the females
were flying about the stone walls in plenty; but the males were
comparatively rare, and were settling on the ground at the
base of the walls: I have found this sex also at the back of
the Isle of Wight; Mr. Donovan took it at Faversham in
Kent; Mr. Walker at Southgate in July; and Capt. Blomer
in the New-forest.
2. S. clavicornis Linn. Faun. Succ. n. 1686. — Curt. Brit. Ent.
pi. 532 (J. — prisma Fab. — Klug. tab. I.f. 7 and 8. — cra-
broniformis Panz. 47. 22 ? .
iS/Lale black, very thickly punctured and pubescent, antenna?
long and clubbed, underside, excepting the 3 basal and 2 apical
joints, ochreous; clypeus, a dot on each shoulder, a dot at the
apex, 2 spots on the 2nd segment and an interrupted band
on the 3rd and 4th, yellow, a stripe on the outside of the an-
terior, and a spot at the base of the other tibiae of the same
colour. Female with the clypeus black, 2 yellow dots between
the antennae, which are clavate only, and the apical joint alone
ferruginous beneath and at the tip : wings dusky ; abdomen
similar to the male, but with 4 yellow spots beneath.
I am happy in being able to restore Linnasus's name to this
species, the specimen contained in his cabinet being a male,
with a label of his own writing.
Females were observed bv Mr. G. Newman in the autumn,
in considerable numbers, settling on the leaves of a Morella
cherry-tree in a garden near Leominster, and also by Dr.
Howitt near Nottingham : for the loan of the male I am in-
debted to Mr. Shuckard, who has also obligingly added the
other sex to my Cabinet.
The Plant is Hicracium Pilosclla (Mouse-ear Hawk-weed).
^8
-yu.-^ c^?s.44> ?in. / ^8^8
6~- )%Zi
238.
POMPILUS RUFIPES.
Order Hynienoptera. Fam. Pompilidse Za^., Leach.
Type of the Genus Pompilus viaticus Fab.
PoMPiLUS Fab., Lot., Panz., Jur. — Sphex Linn., DeG. — Psammo-
charus Lat.
Antennae inserted between the eyes, below the middle of the face,
curved, filiform and 13-jointed in the males (1), basal joint large,
2nd minute, the remainder slightly decreasing in length to the
end, the terminal joint being subovate j attenuated convoluted
at the apex and slightly serrated in the females, 12-jointed, the
3rd joint the longest.
Labrum scarcely exserted, short and broad, anterior margin con-
cave, the angles truncated and very pubescent, the front pro-
ducing long and rigid bristles (2),
Mandibles slender, internally concave, pilose on the outside, 2
teeth on the inner margin towards the apex, stronger in one
than in the other (3).
MaxillcB broad and much longer than the mentum and lip, ter-
minated by 2 lobes, the lower one ciliated, the terminal one
large rounded and pilose outside. Palpi very long, 6-jointed,
basal joint small, the 3rd the most robust, the others nearly as
long, the last the slenderest (5).
Mentum obovate, producing a few bristles towards the top. Palpi
long (but shorter than the maxillary), 4-jointed, basal joint the
longest subclavate, 2nd scarcely so long, 3rd and 4th shorter, of
equal length, obovate. Labium very short. Paraglossce rather
longer than the lip, slightly hooked and pilose (5).
Males much smaller than the females. Head transverse, orbicular.
Eyes remote. Ocelli 3 in triangle. Thorax oblong ,- postscutellum
rounded. Abdomen sessile, slender and subfusiform in the males;
conical robust and armed with a sting in the females. Superior
wings with 1 marginal and 3 submarginal cells, the stigma nearly
obsolete. Legs long, first pair the shortest. Thighs of the 1st pair
attenuated to the apex. Tibiae short and furnished with very lonr^
spurs. Tarsi long 5-jointed, basal joint considerably the longest, 4th
the shortest. Claws somewhat bifid and ciliated internally. Pulvilli
large (8, afore leg.)
RuFiPES Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 413. n. 1659.
Black, with hoary pubescence. Abdomen smooth and naked
slightly pubescent only at the base and apex ; the males with 2
cream-coloured spots at the base of the 3rd segment ; the females
with 2 also at the base of the 2nd, and rarely with one on each
side of the 4th ; an apical spot of the same colour. Wings dusky,
fuscous at their extremity. Thighs of intermediate legs ferru-
ginous at the tips, the posterior legs with the thighs and tibiee
bright ferruginous, the former black at the base. Anterior tarsi
of the females ciliated externally with long moveable lanceolate
bristles.
In the Author's Cabinet.
The Pompili inhabit sandy situations exposed to the sun ;
and we learn from Latreille that they bury a spider or cater-
pillar in a cell formed in such places, and close the aperture,
having previously laid an egg, which is nourished when
hatched by the insect inclosed with it.
The Pompili (as the same author observes) are very active,
they are continually flying from one place to another ; they
run also very rapidly, and often vibrate their wings and an-
tennae. The reader will be amused by referring to Kirby and
Spence, vol. i. p. 339 or 344.
The following is the best list that has appeared of our native
species, but there are probably eight or ten more unnamed :
those with * have never before been recorded as British.
1. fuscus Fab. — Panz. 65. 15. — June; common everywhere.
2. gibbus Lhin. — Panz. 77. 13. — June to end of Aug. ditto.
3. exaltatus Fab. — Panz. 86. 10. — June to b. Aug. : sandy
paths amongst heath.
4. viaticus Fab. — Panz. 65. 16. — June to b. Sept.: sandy
places, and amongst heath and rushes.
*5. pulcher Fab. — Coq. t. \2.f. 8. — m. Aug. : gravelly paths,
Ramsdown, Hants, discovered by the Honourable
C. A. Harris.
*6. riigex Fab. — Panz. 71. 19. — e. Aug., Sept.: Braunton-
burrows, Devon, and Isle of Wight.
7. hircanus Fab. — Panz. 87. 21. — m. May : Coomb Wood.
*8. rufipes Linn. — Panz. 65. 17. — This very distinct and
handsome species has been added to our Fauna by the
Honourable Charles A. Harris, who took it at Rams-
down near Heron Court, Hampshire ; and having
kindly presented me with specimens, and taken me to
the spot where they were found, I had the pleasure of
capturing the beautiful variety of the female repre-
sented in the plate.
*9. bipunctatus i^aZ». — Panz. 72. 8. — tripunctatus ? Coq. t. 3.
f. 10. — In the British Museum.
10. annulatus Fab. — Panz. 76. 16. — Sa7n. Ent. Comp. p. 274.
*11. punctum Fab. — Panz. 86. 12.
The pretty plant figured, Chironia Centaurium (Common
Centaury), was in flower at the time the insect was taken.
c'^^^. r.//^,.
756.
CEROPALES VARIEGATUS.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Pompilidae.
Type of the Genus, Ceropales maculatus. Fab,
Ceropales Lat., Fab., Jur., Van Lin., Shuck., Curt. — Pompilus
Panz. — Ichneumon Geof. — Evania Fab.
Antennce inserted in the middle of the face, approximating, not
much longer than the thorax, filiform, simply curved in both
sexes and indistinctly articulated, 13-jointed in the male, 12-
jointed in the female (1), basal joint short, stout and ovate, 2nd
small, cup-shaped, the following oblong, 3rd not longer than
the 4th, terminal joint ovate.
Labrum exserted, semiorbicular, cilia line and short (2).
Mandibles slender, curved and bifid, the inner tooth small, pi-
lose and slightly bristly outside (3).
Maxilla terminated by a broad bristly rounded lobe. Palpi long
pubescent and 6-jointed, basal joint not verjr short, pyriform-
truncate, 2nd longer and stouter, 3rd the stoutest and as long
as the following which are slenderer, apical joint rounded at
the tip (4).
Mentum short, rhombiform. Palpi short and attached on each
side of the anterior margin, pubescent and 4-jointed, joints
nearly equal, elongate-obovate, 2nd truncated obliquely, 4th
ovate-conic. Lip large orbicular, slightly ciliated (5).
Head transverse, as broad as the thorax : eyes lateral, moderate, ovate :
ocelli 3 in triangle on the crown. Thorax oblong ; collar angu-
lated : scutel gibbose, semiovate. Abdomen short, narrowed at the
base, sometimes elliptical and narrower than the thorax in the male,
the apex truncated; stouter and ovate-conic in t he female : oviposi-
tor visible and elevated. Wings, superior with 1 marginal and 4
submarginal cells, the Ind and Zrd receiving each a recurrent ner-
vure. Legs, anterior short, hinder very long : coxae large : thighs
moderate : tibiae, anterior with 1 , the others with 2 rather long spurs
at the apex : tarsi very long, simple in both sexes, basal joint the
longest, 4th the shortest : claws curved acute : pulvilli large, undi-
vided (8, afore leg).
Variegatus Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 670. 3.
In the Cabinets of the British Museum and Mr. Rudd.
The females of this genus are readily distinguished from those
of Pompilus (pi. 238) by their antennae, which are not convo-
luted, but simply curved like those of the male ; the anterior
feet are also simple, and not ciliated with long spiny bristles,
and the ovipositor is a little exserted ; the males are less easily
separated, but on an examination of the trophi, very decided
differences will be found in the labrum and mandibles.
i
The Ceropales are supposed to be parasitic, depositing
their eggs in the larvae of other fossorial Hymenoptera.
1. maculata Fab. — frontalis Pa?iz. 72. 9. ? .
Black : clypeus and labrum in the male, and orbits of eyes
in the female cream-colour : a band on the collar and a
spot on the scutel of the same colour : 1st abdominal seg-
ment with 2 cream-coloured spots, margin of the 2nd and
apex white : legs ferruginous ; coxae, hinder thighs and apex
of tibias and tarsi more or less brown. 1
Middle of August, Norfolk, and Heron Court, Hants, on
umbelliferous flowers ; also in Kent, Surrey, and Wales as
late as September, Mr. F. Walter.
2. semiannulatus Curt. Guide, No. 2. Length 2f lines.
Black, inner orbits of eyes, margin of 2nd abdominal seg-
ment, interrupted in the centre, and apex cream-colour :
legs rufous, coxae, trochanters, base and apex of the 4 pos-
terior thighs and terminal half of hinder tibiae black, tarsi
brown.
This female was taken by me in Norfolk ; it may prove to
be only a small variety of C. maculata. J
3. variegatus Fab. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 756. (?.
Male black, smooth, exceedingly minutely and thickly
punctured, slightly silky with short pile : 2 basal joints of
antennae beneath and face cream-colour, the latter with a
black stripe under the antennae, a dot on each side of the
collar, and the hinder margin, as well as a spot behind the
scutel, of the same colour: metathorax whitish with pile:
2 basal segments of abdomen rufous, 2nd with a sublunate
cream-coloured spot on each side of the margin, and 2 dots
at the apex : wings yellowish-brown on the disc : stigma
and nervures piceous : legs bright rufous : coxae black,
hoary sericeous, with a cream-coloured spot on the outside
of each ; trochanters blackish, tips of hinder thighs and
tibiae and the tarsi brownish, basal joint of the hinder feet
ciliated internally.
Supposed to have been first captured by Dr. Leach in De-
vonshire, and a pair has since been taken near Parley Copse
and Catherine-hill, Hampshire, in August, by the Rev. G. T.
Rudd, to whom I am indebted for the loan of the male.
Lagurus ovatus, Hare's-tail-grass, from Guernsey, was
obligingly communicated by S. H. Haslem, Esq.
il
6o4
^i^.-^i^iSictyt^Uii/iy /.-/cyct
j2>~ } n^
604.
AMMOPHILA CAMPESTRIS.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam, Sphaegidae.
Type of the Genus, Sphex vulgaris Linn.
Ammophila Kirb., Lat., VandL., Curt. — Miscus/wr. — Sphex ifwH.
Antennce inserted in the middle of the face, approximating, not
longer than the thorax, generally curved at the apex, slender
and filiform ; 13-jointed in the males (1 (J), basal joint stout,
ovate, hairy beneath, 2nd small, globose, 3rd the longest, the
remainder elongated, slightly decreasing in length, attenuated
at the apex, which is truncated and hollow; r2-jointed in the
females ( $ , the 2 terminal joints).
Labrum incurved, semiorbicular, ciliated with short bristles, the
front emarginate, with a few long straight hairs (2) .
Mandibles long, slender and crossing, arcuated and dilated in the
middle and subtridentate, having an ovate tooth at the centre
and a small one beneath, with a portion more or less produced
above, the remainder forming a long tooth, often acute (3).
Maxillce elongated, terminating in a very long horny linear lobe,
attenuated towards the apex, which is rounded and ciliated,
with an incurved spine. Palpi attached near the middle and
extending a little beyond the lobe, 6-jointed, first 3 joints the
stoutest, clavate, basal one the shortest, 2nd and 3rd the longest,
3 following slender, decreasing in length, the apical one spatu-
liform and scarcely longer than the first (4).
Mentum elongated, narrow, a little dilated at the middle (5).
Lip very long, nearly linear, hollow, transversely striated and
pubescent beyond the middle, cleft at the apex. Paraglosste
long and lanceolate (d) . Palpi long, but much shorter than the
lip, attached to 2 membranous scapes, arising from the apex of
the mentum, slender and 4 -jointed, first 3 joints very long, 2nd
a little the longest, 4th shorter subelhptic.
Trophi inflected, rostriform. Head as broad as the thorax : faces of
the males clothed with silvery hairs : eyes lateral and elliptic :
ocelli 3 in triangle. Thorax ovate, the collar narrowed, sometimes
forming a thickened ring : scutellum sublunate : metathorax large,
cylindric-ovate . Abdomen 8-jointed in the male, with a slender
petiole longest in that sex, the 2nd joint sometimes slender, the apex
somewhat bilobed (6 (J) ; 7 -jointed in the female ( ? ), the apex armed
with a sting inclosed between 2 lobes. Wings with one short mar-
ginal and 3 submarginal cells (9*), the 2nd receiving 2 recurrent
nervures, the Srd rarely peduncled. Legs, especially the anterior,
which are the shortest, most spiny in the females, the others long :
tibiae spiny, hinder the longest, the apex armed with strong spines,
the anterior with one curved dilated and notched internally, 2nd pair
with the spines serrated internally, hinder with one long spine, pecti-
nated on the inside (8 f, apex of tibia and base of tarsus) : tarsi long,
very spiny and 5-jointed, basal joint of the 1st and Srd pair of tarsi
notched beneath at the base, especially the \st, and ciliated.
Camfestris Lat. — pubescens Curt. Guide, Gen. 672. 5.
Natural as this group is, there are many variations in the
structure of the species: the trophi are less elongated in the
female of A. hirsiita than in A. sabulosa, and the mandibles are
obtuse : the petiole of the abdomen varies considerably in
length and form, even in the sexes, and in one species the 3rd
submarginal cell is pedicled : this forms a portion of Jurine's
MiscuSi but I cannot think it advisable to establish this genus
on such slender grounds.
The oeconomy of these insects is very remarkable, and al-
though well known I shall add a few lines from my own ob-
servations. On the 26th of August I saw a female A. sahu-
losa ascend a sandy bank, dragging a caterpillar, which it car-
ried beneath it as the trunk of a tree is suspended under a Gillf
holding it near the head with its jaws : having arrived at the
desired spot it left the caterpillar, and proceeded about an
inch to a place covered with sand, which it scratched away, and
then with astonishing dexterity removed, and with its jaws
drew out of a hole, comparatively large pieces of earth that
closed and concealed the orifice ; some of these were so far in
that it had to go beyond its own length, of course backing out
every time : having completed this operation, it seized the larva
and went backward into the hole, drawing the caterpillar quite
down; after a short time the fly came out, and being frightened,
it flew away. On the following day the Hon. C. Harris and
myself saw another larva entombed ; it was a Geometra 1^ inch
long ; that yesterday was a Noctua, probably meticulosa: having
buried it the fly remained in the cell. We then dug out the
caterpillar, and found a cylindrical white egg ^^th of an inch
long, attached firmly to the middle; the Ammophila was below
and came out much alarmed.
Mr. Kirby was acquainted with the male of one species only
when he characterized this genus, and my ignorance of that
sex led me into several errors in the Guide.
I. Petiole of abdomen elongated and formed gradually :
a. 3rd submarginal cell pedicled.
1. campestris Lat. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 604?.
Dead black, clothed with short grey pubescence, giving the apex of the
metathorax and the outside of the hinder coxas a silvery appearance :
sparingly punctured : metathorax very finely striated transversely, 2nd
joint of abdomen, excepting the base, 3rd joint and base of the 4th orange ;
costa, disc of cells and the fimbria yellowish-fuscous, scapulars, stigma and
nervures brown. The male has a silvery face, the entire upper side of the
2nd joint of the petiole and a long ovate spot on the back of the 3rd seg-
ment black.
I discovered the female in Norfolk 20 years since, and the
male I took at Ramsdown, near Heron Court, the end of Aug.
b. 3rd submai-ginal cell simple.
2. sabulosa Linn. — Panz. 65. 12 ?.? — vulgaris Kit'b. — lutaria
Panz. 65. 14 S -—Don. 3. 93. 1 ? .— pulvillata Sow. ?
II. Petiole of abdomen shorter and formed abruptly.
3. affinis Kirh. — Linn. Trans, v. 4. p. 20.5. No. 2.
4. hirsuta Scop. — Sow. B. M. pi. 33. Jl 1. — Sam. Ent. Comp.
pi. 8./. 5. — arenaria Fab. — Panz. 65. 13. — Do7i. 13.468.
2. females. — argentata Kirb. — lutaria Fab. males.
The Plant is Tussilago Petasites (Common Butter-bur.)
^6/
c5^ , base of mandibles, a line on the collar, a spot on the scutel,
2ii(l and 3rd segments of abdomen, and a band at the base of the 5th ? yel-
low, coxnc trociianters and base of anterior thighs black.
I have never seen a British specimen.
Tlic Plant is Selimim palustrc {Msirah Milk-weed).
0.V
584.
ALYSON KENNEDII.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Crabronidae.
Type of the Genus, Alyson bimaculatus Panz.
Alyson Jur.,Panz.,Lat., V. Lind., Curt. — Pompilus Fab.
Antennce remote at their insertion, which is a little below the
middle of the face, at the base of the clypeus, longer than the
head, filiform and 13-jointed in the male, basal joint longer,
short and stout, 2nd subglobose, 3rd scarcely longer, 4th ob-
long, the remainder nearly of equal length, apical joint subconic
(1 (J); more curved, slender, a little clavate and 12 -jointed in
the female, basal joint long and stout, 2nd obovate, nearly as
long as the 1st, the latter shorter, the remainder subturbinate,
gradually increasing in diameter and decreasing in length, apical
joint elongate ovate (1 ? ).
Lahrum inserted under the clypeus, transverse, pocket-shaped,
anterior margin bisinuated, forming 3 lobes, sparingly ciliated
with spines (2),
Mandibles crossing, long and narrow, curved and concave, biden-
tate at the apex and ciliated with bristles on both margins (3).
Maxillce ovate, terminated by 2 incurved lobes, the inner one
ovate and transparent, the outer one larger concave horny and
hairy outside. Palpi long, pubescent and 6-jointed, basal joint
small, chalice-shaped, 2 following elongated, of equal length,
slightly clavate, 4th the longest, 5th nearly as long, both linear,
6th as long as the 3rd elongate-ovate (4).
Mentum oblong, rounded at the base, deeply emarginate on
each side, before forming a lobe in the centre to receive the Palpi
which are long, rough with hairs and 4-jointed, basal joint a
little the longest and clavate, 2nd short obtrigonate, 3rd and 4th
nearly as long as the 1st, the former subelliptic, the latter
drooping and elongate -ovate (5).
Males much smaller than the females. Head short and broad ; face
orbicular ; clypeus tridentate : eyes entire and ovate : ocelli 3 in
triangle. Thorax oblong ; collar narrow and rather elongated in the
female, in lohich sex the postscutel has the angles acuminated ; loith
an elongate-trigonate space on the back, furrowed obliquely on each
side. Abdomen elongate-ovate, attenuated in the male and bispinose
at the apex. Wings with 1 marginal, 3 complete submarginal (the
2nd petiolated) and 3 discoidal cells (9). Legs not long but slender:
thighs, posterior with a strong sharp tooth beneath at the apex (Sf) ••
tibiae short, especially the anterior, and spurred at the apex : tarsi
very slender, long and 5 -jointed, basal joint long, the 3 following
obtrigonate in the anterior with the terminal joint stout and ovate,
4th not much shorter than the 5th, in the others : claws a«c?pulvilli
distinct.
Kennedii Curt. Guide, Gen. 688. 1.
In the Author's Cabinet.
The oeconomy of this genus is, I believe, unknown ; the males
bear a little resemblance, I think, to the Mutillidse, and the I'e-
males have tlie habit of the Pompili, but the neuration of the
winn-s is hke that of Nysson : there is, however, a combination
of characters which renders this a strongly marked genus ; the
narrow collar, the striated postscutel more or less spined, and
bearino' an escutcheon-shaped impression, and the large apical
joint of the anterior tarsi characterize the females, whilst the
males are distinguished by two small remote spines at the apex
of the abdomen, and both sexes have a strong tooth at the
apex of the posterior thighs, which, although distinct enough,
is not readily seen except in profile.
The only British specimen 1 have seen of this genus is the
one figured, but I have heard of Mr. Kirby having another,
and on the authority of the " Systematic Catalogue," the sexes
of A. bimacidata were recorded in the Guide. As I have Ger-
man specimens, I shall add the characters of the latter that it
may be the more readily identified.
1. A. Kennedii Curt. Brit. Ent. -pi. 584.
Female black, very thickly and finely punctured, and clothed
with very short ochreous pubescence; anterior margin of the
clypeus and trophi ochreous and ferruginous, tips of mandibles
piceous; antennee dark fuscous, underside of basal joint fer-
ruginous, postscutellum bearing an elongated escutcheon, the
sides obliquely furrowed ; two basal segments of abdomen and
a small portion of the base of the 3rd rufous, with the edge of
the 2nd silky white on the sides; wings iridescent, yellowish,
nervures and marginal cell brown, as well as 2 spots beneath,
forming an interrupted fascia: legs pitchy, anterior tarsi tibiae
and tips of thighs ferruginous, the tarsi and apex of hinder
tibiiE brown.
I have the gratification of naming this unique insect after
my friend Benjamin Kennedy, Esq., of Clapton, who was with
me when 1 beat it out of an Oak growing in a hedge near
Hastings, in August 1823.
2. A. bimaculatus Panz. 51. 4. $. — Pompilus spinosus Panz.
80. 17. var.l — Sphex fuscatus Panz. 51. 3. c?.
Male black, shining, face below the antennas silvery with
pubescence ; clypeus, a portion of the inner margin of the eyes,
underside of basal joint of antennae, a line before the wings,
2 spots on the scutellum, and one on each side the 2nd seg-
ment of abdomen cream-colour, apex ferruginous ; legs ferru-
ginous, darker outside, coxae and trochanters black, the latter
spotted with white, anterior tibiaj inside and the posterior at
the base whitish; nervures and stigma brown, with a faint
transverse cloud : expanse 4| lines. Female larger, 6^ lines
in expanse; the face, thorax," legs, &c. are similarly coloured,
but the 1st and basal half of the 2nd segment of abdomen are
rulous, the latter having the 2 cream-coloured spots ; the apex
is black and the cloud on the wings distinct.
The Plant is Sugina procumhens (Chickweed Breakstone).
c^24^
,.j- /y o. c«yij^ /Lv. /.m^
524.
GORYTES BICINCTUS.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Crabronidse.
Type of the Genus, Sphex mystacea Linn.
GoRYTES Lat., Spin., Van Lin., St. Farg., Curt. — Mellinus Fab.,
Panz. — Arjiactus Jur., Panz. — Sphex & Vespa Linn.
Antenna inserted at the middle of the face, approximating, long,
filiform, nearly straight and 13 -jointed in the male (1 (J), the
basal joint subovate-truncate, 2nd cup-shaped, remainder long,
of equal length, each joint slightly curved, the apical joint a
little conical at the apex : not longer than the head and thorax
in the female, curved, clavate and 12-jointed (1 g), basal joint
rather the stoutest, subovate, 2nd small cup-shaped, 3rd and 4th
long and slender, the remainder decreasing in length and in-
creasingin diameter, apical joint elongate-ovate and alittle curved.
Labrum transverse, very short, a little curved and ciliated with
bristles, some very long (2).
Mandibles crossed in repose, long, narrow, a little curved, with
a few hairs outside, terminated by a strong tooth with a smaller
one beneath it (3).
MaxillcB with the basal portion large and nearly semiorbicular,
terminated by two rounded hairy lobes. Palpi long, jiubescent,
and 6-jointed, basal joint the shortest, 4th and 6th the longest,
2nd and 3rd the stoutest, somewhat obovate, especially the
latter, 4th and 5th clavate, 6th slender, conical at the apex (4).
Mentum subquadrate, the basal angles dilated, with a rounded
lobe in front which conceals the Lip. Palpi not short, very
pubescent and 4 -jointed, basal joint a little the longest and
clavate, the remainder nearly of equal length and obovate, ter-
minal joint the slenderest and somewhat elliptical (5).
Males smaller than the females. Head transverse, face orbicular: eyes
elongate-ovate, narrowed above : ocelli 3 in triangle. Thorax globose :
scutellum transverse-ovate. Abdomen ovate conical. "Wings with
one marginal and 4 sub-marginal cells, the 2nd receiving 2 recurrent
nervures. Legs rather short and stout in the female: thighs short:
tibiae clavate, anterior with one, the others with 2 spines at the apex:
tarsi 5-jointed, posterior the longest, anterior sometimes a little di-
lated and ciliated in the females, basal Joint the longest, 4th the
shortest : claws and pulvilli large in the female.
BiciNCTUs Rossi. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 690. n. 8.
Black; 2 basal joints of antennae yellow and the others ochreous
beneath ; trophi and lower part of face yellow, apex of mandibles
brown: collar, a dot on each side, and 2 spots on the scutellum,
yellow ; a triangular space on the postscutellum finely striated ;
basal joint of abdomen pear-shaped, with a yellow fascia divided
in the middle, 2nd segment with a broad, 3rd with a narrow
5'-ellow band, the former not touching the posterior margin :
wings slightlyfuscous, the marginal, central submarginal, and the
discoidal ceU below them, clouded with brown : legs ochreous,
4 anterior coxae, and 1st pair of trochanters with yellow spots
beneath ; thighs yellow beneath ; tibiae with a black streak out-
side; tarsi ferruginous, brown towards the apex; posterior legs
black, tibiae with a streak of yellow outside at the base.
T
So much confusion has been created by the misapplication of
synonyms that I shall not attempt to unravel them, which is
the less necessary as Mr. Shuckard will fully investigate them
ill his Monogra})h on the Fossorial Insects. In the mean
while the reader may consult Vander Linden's Obscrv. sur Ics
llijmcn. (P Europe and an excellent paper of Le Pelt. St. Far-
freau's in the 1st vol. of the Jivi. de la Soc. Ent. de France.
" Gorytes is distinguished by the 2nd submarginal cell re-
ceivino- <2. recurrent nervures, and the following divisions form
as many genera in the Count's paper.
Gorytes. Anterior tarsi simple in both sexes.
1. mystaceus Linn.—Panz. 53. 11 ? .— campestris Linn. mr.
the V. flavicincta Don. 13. 468. 1. is evidently an Ich-
neumon !
I have found both sexes on young oaks the beginning of
June in Coomb-wood; it is abundant at Hampstead and High-
frate and at Glanville's Wootton, Mr. Dale.
2. quadrifasciatus Fab. — Panz. 98. 17 c?.
Hi«d)o-ate, Mr. Shuckard, to whom I am indebted for spe-
cimens.
3. arenarius Panz. 53. 12. I have never seen a British specimen.
EuspoNGUs Le Pel. Anterior tarsi ciliated in the female.
4. Libitinarius Curt.
I took a male on flowers in a marsh at Horning, Norfolk,
2kh of June; it is found also at Battersea, Hampstead and
Hijili^ate.
5. quinquefasciatus Panz. 53. 13 ? . I know this only by the
fiijure.
6. laticinctus Le Pel.
I have a female from the collection of the late Mr. Lee, and
another has been taken in the New Forest.
HoPLisus Le Pel. Antennae obtuse in both sexes.
7. quinquecinctus Panz. 72. J 4. — ruficornis Lat.
I have never seen a British specimen.
Lestiphorus Le Pel. 10th joint of antennee concave above
in the male, filiform in the female : basal joint of abdomen
forming a pear-shaped petiole.
8. bicinctus Rossi. — Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 524 S -
The specimen figured stood for many years in my collection
as an unique Insect, but Mr. Shuckard has lately met with
a female taken in the New Forest by Messrs. Harding and
Bond.
The Plant is Schcenus {Cladiinn Schrad.) mariscus (Prickly
Bog-rush).
IS
j66
^e/irr«v\-t
■' (rl\
25.
PSEN EQUESTRIS.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Larridse Lat.
Tr/pe of the Genus, Pelopseus compressicornis Fab.
PsEN Lat., Jur., Panz., Van. Lind., Shuck., Curt. — Trypoxylon, Pelopaeus
Fab. — Mimesa Shuck.
AntentKE inserted near the centre of the face, clavate, curved, and 12-
jointed in the female (1) : 13-jointed and more filiform in the male ;
basal joint large, second small, terminal joint ovate. (1 (J.)
Labrum transvei"se, subrotundate before, entire and ciliated. (2.)
Mandibles slender, scarcely arcuated, bidentate, the teeth obtuse. (3.)
Maxillce divided transversely, terminal lobe rounded and ciliated :
Palpi longish, 6-jointed ; first joint very small, third the largest, fourth
as long, fifth the longest, sixth long and slender. (4.)
Mentum large, dilated in the centre, hairy (5. a. the point to which
the maxilla is attached is shown at e.) : Palpi long, 4-jointed, first
joint very long, second and third short, fourth robust, elongate-ovate.
(b.) Lip short and broad, the edges conniving internally, (c.)
Clypeus convex and rounded, anterior margin elevated. Head transverse, as
broad as the thorax, with a tubercle between the antenna. Eyes oval, en-
tire, remote. Ocelli 3, inserted on the crown in a triangle. Thorax short,
nearly ovate. Scutellum small and subquadrate. Abdomen ovate-conic,
with an elongated linear petiole. Superior wings with a lanceolate mar-
ginal cell, not extending to the apex, and three perfect submarginal cells,
the middle one trigonate, receiving either one or two recurrent nervures.
Legs rather small. Tihise spuried. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint ?iearlg
as long as the three following, last terminated by simple claws and 'pulvilli.
(8. afore leg.)
Equestris Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 691. 3.
Black : clypeus and face silvery with hair, shining ; first segment of
abdomen rufous, with a black spot at its base ; second entirely, and
third partly, rufous in the female, with the 2nd segment only rufous
in the male : wings hyaline, iridescent : antennae rufous beneath :
thighs and coxae black : tibiae and tarsi pale ferruginous, the hinder
tibiae subochreous at the base.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.
The three lobes of the lip mentioned by Latreille in his observa-
tions upon the Larridce, I could not discover in the species dis-
sected ; and he does not mention that organ in his generic descrip-
tion. The females from which the characters and figures are taken,
are armed with sharp stings, that are not entirely concealed.
In mv illustration of the genus PefnphcdoJi, fol. 632, I liave al-
366
luded to the economy of Psc?i atrattis {P. ater Lat. ?), and my re-
marks have since been confirmed by Mr. A. Kennedy, who states
in the Phil. Mag. for Jan. 1837, that "this insect has been ex-
ceedingly numerous this year, using the straws in the thatch to
deposit its prey in, in some of which I have counted as many as a
hundred Aphides. The partitions appear to be made of the scrapings
of the inside of the straw cemented together. The egg is white
and semitransparent, and is attached to the abdomen of an Aphis
near the bottom of the cell. The males first appeared the begin-
ning of July, flying about the thatch and the neighbouring shrubs
in thousands. They disappeared about the end of the month.
The females did not become numerous until the 10th." — page 18.
* 9,71(1 and 3rd suhmargvial cells, each receiving a recurrent nervure.
1. compressicornis 7vz6. S • — T. atratum Fab. ? . — pallipes Spin, cf .
— serraticornis Jur.pl. 8. Gen. 6. S • — ater Panz. 72. 7. c?.
Rare, taken by Mr. Kirby in Suffolk, and I have once taken it
probably in the same county.
2. atratus Panz. 98. 15. — ater Lat.? — pallipes Panz. 52. 26. (^ ?
End of June, bred one male and many females, out of straws from
the roof of a summer-house at Bristol.
** MiMESA Shuck. 2nd S2(b7nargi7ial cell receiving 2 recurre7it7ierviires.
3. equestris Fah. — Curt. Brit. E7it.pl. 25. ? . — rw^a.Pa7iz. 96. 17. S'
This pretty little species I took flying near Lyndhurst in the
New Forest the end of August 1822, and I have since taken it the
end of July on Hampstead Heath in company with Ce7xeris are-
naria, pi. 269.
4. bicolor Jur. pi. 13. ^.
Females taken with the last species on Hampstead Heath the end
of July ; also on Blackheath, and on banks of gravel at Coomb-wood.
5. unicolor Van. Li7id. part 2. p. 105.
Darent-wood, Mr. Shuckard; in posts and rails, North Wales,
Mr. F. Walker.
The plant is Ra7iu7iculus Ficaria, Common Pilewort.
^
JU:-^cI.^^,aA^(-^ <^ <^2P
269.
CERCERIS L^TA.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Crabronidae Lat.^ Leach.
Type of the Genus, Cerceris Iseta Fab.
Cerceris Lat., Leach., Sam. — Phllanthus Fab., Jur., Panz.
AntenncE inserted near the middle of the face, approximating,
thickened towards the extremity, 13-jointed in the males, 12-
jointed in the females, basal-joint the longest robust, 2nd glo-
bose, 3rd slender, longer than the following, which gradually
become more robust, terminal joint ovate at the apex (]).
Labrum entirely concealed, naked, transverse, with 2 lateral
lobes and a central one elevated and emarginate (2).
Mandibles remote, crossing, very long, curved, dilated and sinu-
ated on the inside, deeply notched and pilose near the base (3).
Maxillce with the stalk long and horny, terminated by a large
lobe, coriaceous and pilose at the marginj also a large horny
lobe on the inside with a larger membranous appendage. Palpi
6-jointed, basal joint small, the remainder of equal length, 2nd
and 3rd truncated obliquely, 4th and 5th subclavate, 6th the
slenderest (4).
Mentum long, horny, linear, the anterior angles hollowed to re-
ceive the Palpi, which are 4-jointed, basal joint long, the re-
mainder shorter of equal length, the 2nd and 3rd a little dilated.
Lip rather short, membranous pubescent, the central lobe cleft
(5c), the lateral ones the narrowest (d).
Head transverse, subquadr ate ; face Jlat. Nasus sviall semicircular
entire. Eyes elongate ovate. Ocelli 3 in triangle. Thorax oval,
narrower than the head. Abdomen elliptic, strangulated at the
union of the articulations, 7 -jointed in the males, 6-jointed in the
females, the 1st segment nodif or m, terminal joint narrotved,Jlat and
truncated. Superior wings with 1 marginal and 4 submarginal
cells, the 2nd being petiolated. Legs robust. Tibiae clavate, an-
terior producing a long spine at the apex, dilated internally ; pos-
terior serrated and spurred. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint the longest,
anterior producing strong spiny appendages on the outside. Claws
simple. Pulvilli distinct {8, afore leg).
L^TA Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 2. p. 291. n. 10.
Female. Black, strongly punctured and pubescent. Antennae
ferruginous beneath towards the base, excepting the 1st joint.
Three yellow spots on the face, 2 on the collar, one on each
scapula, the base of the post-scutellum and a spot on each side
of the same colour. Abdomen banded with yellow, forming a
lunular spot on each side the 1st joint, a large emarginate band
on the 2nd ; slender bands on the 3rd and 4th, and a deep oval
one on the 5 th. Wings slightly fuscous, the margins darker.
Legs bright fulvous, coxae and base of thighs piceous, except in the
hinder pair which are dentated beneath and piceous at the apex.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.
The Cercerides are well characterized by the singular form
of their abdomens, the segments being coarctate, or girted in
at their margins, and the petiolated submarginal cell of the
superior wings will also distinguish them from neighbouring
genera *.
They are generally found in sandy and heathy situations ;
and the males, which have an additional joint to their antennae
as well as to their abdomens, are much rarer than the females,
from which they also frequently vary in their mar-kings.
They nourish their larvae (Latreille informs us) with the dead
bodies of the Andrenae (a genus of bees, plate 129), which
they place at the bottom of their nests in the manner of the
Sphecidae.
Our British species are
1. C. laeta Fab. mas. — Curtis Brit. Ent. pi. 269. fem. —
aurita Fab. fem. — Lat.
The females of this insect were abundant last August,
entering holes in sandy places at the back of the Isle of Wight,
and also at Ramsdown in Hampshire; but it is remarkable
that I never saw a single male.
2. C. quinquecincta Fab. mas. — Panz.63. 12. — quadricinc-
tus Panz. 63. 1 3. Jem.
Found in June in sandy places, also in July, I believe, by
Mr. Dale on Parley Heath.
3. C. labiata Fab.— Panz. 63. 16.— Sturm Verz. t. S.f. 7.
This species with its singular labrum I have taken in Nor-
folk.
4. C. quadrifasciata ? Fab. — Panz. 63. 14-. mas.
I took a male flying amongst heath the 30th July.
5. C. ornata Fab. — Panz. Q3. 10. fem.
I once met with this insect either in Norfolk or Suffolk.
The plant is Mentha rotimdifolia Smith (Round-leaved
Mint).
• The dissections were made from a female, and in some of the plates the 5th
and 6th joints of the maxillary Palpi are wanting, the first specimen examined
having been injured.
^5
/
/
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3
W
■yM.ji^^ Oct.- /: /m
3- )t^^
137.
ODYNERUS PARIETINUS.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Vespidse LaL, Leach.
Type of tke Genus Vespa parietinus Linn.
Odynerus Lat., Leach. — Vespa Linn., Fab., Panz.
Antennce inserted in the centre of the face^ approximating,
slightly geniculated, subclavate, 13-jointed in the male, the 2
last joints forming a small claw j 12-jointed in the female, 1st
joint long, 2nd small, 3rd not so long as the first, the remainder
short, terminal joint ovate (fig. 1, antenna of female).
Labrum dilated at the base, where it is concealed by the clypeus,
narrow and elongated towards the apex which is ciliated (2).
Mandibles when at rest forming a beak, elongated, acute, slightly
bent, having 5 blunt teeth on the internal margin (3).
MaxUlcE corneous below the palpi, coriaceous above, membranous
at the margins, terminal lobe elongated hairy, somewhat articu-
lated near the apex, internal lobe small hairy. Palpi longer than
the maxillae, 6-jointed, the 2 first the most robust, the 3 first of
equal length rather longer than the others, terminal joint ovate (4).
Mentum corneous, elongate, emarginate, (5 a) : Palpi shorter
than the lip, slender, 4-jointed, 2 first long clavate, 3rd short,
4th small ovate (b) : Lip coriaceous, striated transversely, elon-
gated, dilated, and bilobed at the apex, each lobe terminated by
a gland (c) : Paraglossce shorter than the lip, glandular at the
apex (d).
Head orbicular. Clypeus convex, cordiform, emarginate at the apex.
Eyes deeply emarginate. Ocelli 3, in triangle. Thorax ovate qua-
drate. Scutellum rounded. Abdomen ovoid-conic, peduncle very
short, basal joint somewhat contracted, bell-shaped, 2nd large.
Wings ; superior folded when at rest, with 1 marginal and 3 perfect
submarginal cells. Tibiae spurred. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long,
4th very short, cleft. Claws bijid. PuWilW distinct {8, afore leg).
Females and Neuters armed with stings. Larvae omnivorous.
Parietinus Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 418, n. 1C79.
Female. Black, punctured, pubescent. Antennae, basal joint be-
neath yellow, the remainder orange ; a spot at the base of each
mandible, 2 small spots at the apex, and 2 lunular at the base
of the clypeus, one between the antennae and a very minute one
behind each eye, yellow. Thorax with a bilobed yellow spot on
the anterior margin, a small one beneath each wing and 2 larger
upon the scutellum of the same colour. Wings slightly fuscous,
stigma ferruginous. Abdomen shining, sparingly punctured, basal
joint yellow at the posterior margin, leaving a triangular black
space in the centre, 4 following joints with a broad yellow mar-
gin, terminal joint with a large yellow spot in the middle. Thighs
yellow at the apex. Tibiae yellow, ferruginous at the apex, an-
terior with a black stripe on the outside, the others on the inside,
next the apex. Tarsi ferruginous, inclining to fuscous.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.
SoiME wasps, like the bees, live in society, constructing nests
composed of cells, but formed of very different materials. The
Odyncri on the contrary do not unite to form a nest to live
in, whence they are called Solitary Wasps : their economy,
however, is exceedingly curious, and they exhibit a degree of
instinct w^hich can scarcely be surpassed. Their eggs are de-
iiosited in cells made in old walls or sandy banks, about which
the species may be found in June, as well as upon flowers.
My friend Mr. Charles Fox detected upon the top of a book,
across which another was laid, some cells of a somewhat trian-
o-iilar form, covered externally with mud and formed of a silky
substance within : he very obligingly transmitted the book to
me last winter, and in the spring nearly 20 specimens of the in-
sect figured made their appearance; they were all females, and
did not vary in the least. I have no doubt of their being the
Fespa j)arietinus of Linnasus's Faun. Suec. of which there is no
figure that I am acquainted with. Panzer's V. parietina being
the V. muraria Linn. It is very easily distinguished from our
other species by the unclouded wings and the entire orange
underside of the antennae.
The following species are in the Author's cabinet.
1 O. spinipes Z,., Panz. 17. 18.
2 pictus Nob.
3 murarius L. — parietina Panz. 49. 24?.
4 Scoticus Nob.
5 Antilope Panz. 53. 9.
6 parietus L., Schcejf. Icon. 24. 3 ?
7 similis Nob. — quadratus Don. Brit. Ins. 14. 495. 2.
8 nigi'icornis Nob.
9 parietinus Linn. Faun. Suec. 1679.
10 quadratus Panz. 63. 3.
11 angulatus Don. 14. 495. 1. 1.
12 flavipes Nob.
13 6-fasciatus? Fab.
14 4-fasciatus ? iv?6.
15 emarginatus Fab.
16 bidens Linn. S. N. 2. 951. 16.
17 connexus Nob.
0. pictus has a very shining abdomen.
O. Scoticus has rufous tibiae and tarsi.
O. similis may be only a variety of O. parietus.
O. Jiigricornis has the apex of the abdomen and antennae, ex-
cept at the base, black.
O.Jlavipcs may be only the male of No. 1 0.
O. connexus is like No. 16, but has an entirely black thorax.
The campanulate and narrow basal joint of these 2 species
approaches the form of Eumenes.
Borage officinalis (Common Borage) accompanies the insect.
4c
< %^.(^ d-^6> I^d^ ^rrij^ / /<^ V
13.
EUMENES ATRICORNIS.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Vespidae.
Ti/pe of the Genus, Eumenes atricornis Fab.
EuMENES Lat., Fab., Curt. — Vespa Linn., Fab.
Antenna as long as the thorax, inserted in the centre of the face, ap-
proximating, slightly geniculated, thickened towards the apex, 13-
jointed in the male, 1st and 3rd joints the longest, 2nd small, 4th
oblong, the remainder decreasing in length and increasing in diameter
to the apical joint which forms an incurved claw (1 ^) ; 12-jointed in
the female, basal joint the longest, terminal one conical ( ? ).
Labrum elongate-trigonate, quadrate at the base, the apex rounded
and ciliated (2).
Mandibles exserted meeting at the apex and forming a rostrum or
beak, long and narrow with three notches forming 4 teeth on the in-
ternal margin, rounded at the apex (3).
MaxilliE with the terminal process elongated narrow lanceolate cor-
neous at the base, coriaceous and ciliated towards the apex. Palpi a
little longer than the maxillary process, slender and 6-jointed, 2 first
joints long, 3rd shorter, the remainder slender and shorter, decreasing
in length, the apical one being minute (4).
Mentum (5 a) long, narrow, cylindric and contracted above the inser-
tion of the Palpi which are long slender and 4-jointed, two first joints
long and clavate, 3rd half the length of the 2nd, 4th very small {b).
Labium coriaceous, striated transversely, longer than the mentum, di-
lated at the apex and bilobed, each lobe ciliated and glandular at the
apex (c). Paraglossce shorter than the lip, narrowed and ciliated to-
wards the apex and terminated by a gland {d).
Males 7nore slender than the females, the latter armed with a sting. Head
orbicular, clypeus notched : eyes much less remote above in the male than
female, deeply notched above the antennee : ocelli 3 in triangle near the
crown. Thorax globular ; collar very narrow in the centre, forming 2 di-
lated trigonate lobes on the sides. Abdomen arched, loith the basal seg-
ment contracted and campanulate, the remainder forming an ovate conic
mass, the 2nd segment being very large. Wings, superior folded longi-
tudinally, with one marginal and 3 complete submarginal cells. Legs rather
short and not stout, anterior the shortest. Tibiae clavate, spurred at the
apex. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint very long in the posterior, the others
very short in the anterior: claws bifd ; pulvilli distinct (8, afore leg).
Atricornis Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 696. 1.
In the Author s and other Cabinets.
The genus Eumenes is composed of a portion of those Wasps that
are solitary in their habits; not congregating and forming nests like
the common Wasps and Hornets.
Eumenes may probably, at a future period, be separated into two
frenera; but as I cannot detect any important differences in the tro-
phi, after tlie most careful examination, I shall only propose to make
two divisions of them : the 1st (which appears to be the tropical type)
may contain the species with a slender petiole as long or longer than
the abdomen ; the 2nd (which is the European form), those with the
petiole stout and shorter than the body, in which the trophi, agree-
ino- with the habit of the insects, are also shorter and more robust
than in the other division.
Fabricius, in his Sijstema Piezatorum, described 23 species, four
of which only were European, and Panzer has figured 4 more; but
the o-enus was not known to inhabit Britain until my friend the Rev.
W. Kirby (equally celebrated for his invaluable works and for his
acute observations) discovered it in an entomological excursion with
Mr. Dale on the borders of Hampshire and Dorset, July 3rd, 1821.
It has since been taken the beginning of June, on a bank in the New-
Forest; and Mr. Bentley found it, the middle of the same month,
settling upon different species of the Ericae on Parley Heath. Mr.
Dale has met with it there in July, and the end of August 1822 I
captured two on the same heath upon gravelly and dry banks, and
at the same period met with the female flying about the heath at
Ramsdown, a beautiful spot near Heron Court, Hampshire, be-
longing to the Earl of Malmesbury.
1. E. atricornis Fah. Syst. Piez. v. 289- 17.— Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 13 ? .
Black, shining, very pubescent.
Male ; head and thorax rather coarsely punctured ; basal joint of antennce
beneath yellow, 2 or 3 of the apical joints beneath and the claw ochreous ;
labrum and clypeus nearly to the antennae, and a spot between them yel-
low ; anterior margin of thorax, a lunular mark on the scapulars and the
posterior margin of the scutellum yellow : peduncle short and bell-shaped,
very deeply punctured with the hinder margin yellow : abdomen more
minutely punctured except at the base, the large segment with an ovate
spot on each as well as its posterior margin and those of the 2 following
segments yellow ; wings fuscous, the costa subferruginous : legs yellow,
thighs black except at their tips, and a black spot on the under side of
the anterior tibia;.
Female. Antennae entirely black, a yellow spot below and another be-
tween them : thorax as in the male with a yellow spot also under each
Aving and one on each side the postscutellum ; there are sometimes 2 mi-
nute yellow spots on the peduncle, the spots on the side of the abdomen
are longer, and the yellow margin of the large segment deeper and sinu-
ated.
The Plant figured is the beautiful Erica Tetralix (Cross-leaved
Heath). ^
j6o
760.
VESPA RUFA.
The Anchor-faced Wasp.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Vespidae.
Tyiie of the Genus, Vespa vulgaris Linn.
Vespa Linn., Fab., Curt., 8;c.
Antennae inserted near the middle of the face, remote, longer
than the thorax in the males, slightly attenuated to both extre-
mities, 13-jointed, basal joint long, hairy, curved, 2nd cup-
shaped, 3rd the longest, remainder oblong, apical joint ovate-
conic (1 (5^) : not longer than the thorax in the female and neu-
ter, 12-jointed, basal and 3rd joints longer, the remainder more
quadrate than in the male, apical joint short and conical (1 ? ).
Labrum semiovate, w^ith a rigid, linear, ciliated, projecting pro-
cess in front (2).
Mandibles truncated obliquely, denticulated, having 3 teeth (3).
Maxilla terminating in a long hairy process, with a smaller
subovate trigonate lobe at the apex. Palpi moderate, slender,
slightly pubescent and 6-jointed, basal joint slender, clavate,
2nd a little stouter, 3rd the largest, longer, obconic, truncated
obliquely, 4th and 5th the same shape but smaller, 6th the
longest and slenderest, subfusiform (4).
Mentum oblong, narrowed towards the base. Palpi attached
to the anterior angles, tolerably long, pubescent and 4-jointed,
elongate-pyriform, 2nd the longest subclavate, 3rd the stoutest,
short, obtrigonate, 4th small ovate. Lip large, 4-lobed, the
centre a little narrowed and cleft at the apex, with a spreading
rounded lobe on each side, with a callous or glandular patch
at the apex of each (5).
Head transverse, face ovate (R) .• eyes long, notched internally : ocelli
3 in triaiigle on the crown. Thorax broader than the head, oval, col-
lar bilobed ; scutel large, transverse and semiovate. Abdomen
ivith a short petiole attached to the inferior surface of the base
which is truncated abruptly, long ovate and 7 -jointed in the male,
the apex conical j shorter, broader, and 6-jointed in the female ; an
acute stirig in the female and neuter. Wings folding longitudinally ;
superior with 1 marginal and 4 submarginal cells. Legs stoutest in
the female ; thighs tapering at the apex : tibiae short, hinder the
longest, all spurred, anterior withonly one spine: tarsi longish, especi-
ally the hinder, 4 anterior a little dilated in the female, 5-jointed,
basal joint the longest, 2nd and 3rd obtrigonate or crescent-shaped,
4th bifid, 5th clavate : claws and pulvilli moderate.
RuFA Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 697. 3.
Wasps, like the hive-bee and ants, live in societies, which
consist of three different kinds of individuals, males, females,
and neuters or workers. The male wasp has no sting, is as
long as the female, but much more slender and elegant in form,
and more handsomely marked with black ; the female is the
largest sex and armed with a sting, as is also the neuter,
which is a miniature likeness of her.
The female lives through the winter, and deposits her eggs
early in the spring in cells formed by herself; these eggs, ac-
cordino- to the observations of authors, produce only neuters,
which immediately form a colony or nest; the males next ap-
pear, and afterwards the females. Wasps scrape posts and
timber to form their nests ; they live upon fruit, will eat meat,
and they are very dexterous in catching flies.
The insects that inhabit their nests, and probably prey upon
the larvae, are Dromius linearis (fol. 231): Rhipiphorus jpara-
doxus (pi. 19), supposed by the Rev. E. Bigge to have been
an Ichneumon; Anomalon Vesparum (pi. 198); and the larva
of Volucella inflatal (pi. 452) ; and on the Continent V. gal-
lica is infested with a Xenos.
1. V. Crabro Linn. — Don. 14. pi. 502. The hornet is found
in May, August, September, and October, and builds its
nest in hollow trees and in thatched roofs.
2. vulgaris Linn. — Don. 7. pi. 226. ? — Patiz. 49. 19 ? Found
from March to December, and builds its nest in the ground,
of fibres of wood scraped from sotmd timber, as observed
by the late Mr. T. A. Knight.
3. rufa Linn.— Curt. B. E. pi. 760. ^ and ? .
Male black, clothed with silky hair : antennae with a yellow stripe on the
inside of the basal joint and a dot at the apex ; orbits of eyes, excepting
the upper internal portion, a subquadrate space between the antennae,
outside of mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter nearly divided by a
long trilobed spot : margins of collar, scapulars, 2 spots below them, and
2 on the scutel yellow : abdomen bright yellow, the black basal bands and
spots more or less edged with ferruginous ; basal segment black only next
the thorax with 3 black spots across the middle, 2nd and following seg-
ments with a black band at the base, and a black dot on each side, the
2nd with a large black spot in the centre united with the band, the
remainder angulated only in the centre and decreasing in depth : costa
and some of the nervures yellowish, the others brown, stigma pale fer-
ruginous : legs deep yellow, coxae, trochanters, and thighs, excepting the
apex, black ; inside of tibiae ferruginous, anterior with a black streak.
Female black, spot on the clypeus anchor-shaped (R) ; no yellow spot
at tip of basal joint of antennse, the stripe very narrow ; no black bands
visibel, except on the 2nd segment, but there are semicircular streaks on
the 3rd and 4th, the dorsal spots larger ; 1st and sometimes 2nd pair of
tibiae with piceous patches on the inside. Neuter, spots on the clypeus
more or less anchor-shaped ; no yellow streak on the antennae : abdo-
men like the female, but the spots on the basal segments are more or
less, sometimes entirely ferruginous ; tibiae seldom piceous inside.
At once distinguished by the anchor-shaped mark on the
face, which is represented only by a spot in V. vidgaris. It
constructs its nest oi rotten wood, and I once found an im-
mense number under a clod of earth. The 3 lines in the
plate show the length of the sexes.
4. Britannica Leach, Zool. Misc. 2. 112. p/. 50. May and
July, building globular nests attached to trees, bushes, and
roofs, from the size of an apple to a man's head. Mr. Bigge
has published a very interesting memoir on this wasp and
V. vulgaris in the Transactions of the Ashmolean Society.
Polijcarpon tctraphylluin, Four-leaved All-seed, from Slap-
ton, Devon, was communicated by Joseph Janson, Esq.
373
s ^
yu^.^- can be more natural, I think, than the situation
assio-ned to them by Mr. Kirby, for in habit they so much
resemble Dasi/poda, that Fabricius (who must have judged in
this instance from analogy and not from dissection, as the
mouth assumes the more developed form of the Ajndce) had
included them in his last work in that genus ; and on the other
side they approach very near to Nomada, in the form of the
palpi and other parts of the organs of manducation.
We have but 2 species of this genus ; for as Apis ursina,
and A. BanksiaJia of Kirby are constantly found together, the
former beinjj all females and the latter all males, it cannot be
doubted that they are one species.
1. Panurgus ursinus, Mr. Kirby took upon a heath in Suffolk,
in September, and in the middle of June I captured
several of both sexes upon a sunny bank near
Shooter's Hill. The female having been figured in
the Moil. Ap. Angl. tab. 16. f. 1., 1 have preferred
giving the male, being in doubt about Panzer's figure
of Trachusa atra^fasc. 96. pi. 19. all the tibiae being
destitute of the fulvous pubescence.
2. P. lobata Panz. Both sexes of this rare insect are well
figured in his Fawi. Ins. Germ. fasc. 96. 18. male,
and 72. 16. female. Having received specimens
from Germany, and Mr. Stephens having allowed
me to compare his specimen, which was the one in
the late Mr. Marsham's collection, referred to by
Mr. Kirby, there can be no doubt of their being the
same species, although the figure in the Mon. Ap.
Angl. tab. 16. f. 2. does not show the spines on the
posterior thighs, as exhibited in our plate (fig. 8f ),
which are quite concealed, except when the legs are
spread out ; a proof of the utility of setting insects
well when firat taken, or of relaxing them after-
wards, as recommended by Mr. Samouelle in his
Useful Compendium, p. 321.
The female of P. lobata I have never seen ; the males have
been taken in September upon Martlesham Heath, near
Woodbridge, Suffolk, by Mr. Kirby, whose specific name
would most willingly have been adopted, had not Panzer pub-
lished his previously. Latreille observes, that our bee is fond
of semidosculous flowers ; we have consequently figured Ci-
neraria integrifolia (Mountain Fleawort), communicated by
Professor Henslow from the Gogmagog Hills.
t
i
^I^^W^ ' ■ *
626'
f
628.
CHELOSTOMA FLORISOMNIS.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Apidge.
Type of the Genus, Apis florisomnis Linn.
Chelostoma Lat., Curt. — Megachile Lat. — Trachusa Jur. — Hylseus
Fab. — Anthophora Fab. — Anthidium Panz. — Apis Linn., Kirb.
Antenn(BmsQvte& in front of the face, considerably longer tlian the
head, filiform and 13-jointed in the male (1 ^), basal joint long
stout and hairy, 2nd the smallest, the following joints oblong
and angulated intemall)", giving them the appearance of a
twisted rope, the apical joint oval : short and clavate in the
female (1 ? ), the 2nd joint longer than the 3rd, 4th and fol-
lowing cup-shaped and gradually increasing in diameter, apical
joint ovate-conic.
Labrum oblong, attenuated anteriorly, ciliated and truncated
(2 (J), t^vice as long in the female and more attenuated (2 $ ).
Mandibles bifid at the apex, short and externally hairy in the
male (3), long curved and porrected in the female and very
pilose internally.
Maxilla, stipes elongated (4), terminated by a long inflected
membranous lobe, lanceolate and very acute. Palpi yery small,
composed of 3 ovate joints.
Mentum elongated, elliptic, biemarginate before (5). Tongue
long slender and linear (c). Palpi rather longer, slender, at-
tenuated, compressed, attached to short broad scapes, 4-jointed,
basal joint oblong, 2nd very long, membranous, thickened at
the inner edge, 3rd short and slender, a little pubescent at the
apex, 4th the same length, attached obliquely, a little clavate-
truncate {b).
Head rather small in the male, the cheeks forming an obtuse tooth by
the base of the mandibles ; large and more quadrate in the female :
eyes lateral, elongate-ovate : ocelli 3 in triangle on the crown.
Thorax ovate, especially in the female. Abdomen linear in the
male (Jo ^), very much incurved, with a trigonate protxiberance be-
neath near the base, a ciliated cavity under the 4th segment, the
apex bidentate (7) with a recurved bifid process in the centre : ellip-
tic in the female, narrowed towards the base, the underside densely
hairy (6 $ ). Wings with 1 marginal and 2 submarginal cells, the
2nd receiving 2 recurrent nervures. Legs neither long nor stout .-
tibiae rather short and stout : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint very long
in the hinder pair, rather stout and densely pilose inside in the fe-
male : claws short broad and cleft in the males, acute in the females,
Florisomnis Z-mw. ^ . — maxillosus izwre. ? . — Curt. Guide, Gen. 709.
Black, shining, thickly and minutely punctured, slightly clothed
with ochreous down, hinder margin of wings brown, ner\Tires
piceous : male with the face densely clothed with soft yellow
hairs, abdominal segments fringed with whitish hairs on the
sides, underside of 4th segment ochreous : female with the in-
ternal margin of the mandibles ciliated with ferruginous hairs
as well as the hinder tarsi ; underside of abdomen clothed with
ochreous hairs, the segments neatly margined with white above,
interrupted down the back.
Since Mr. Kirby wrote his able Monograph, his suspicions
have been confirmed relative to the sexes of this bee having
been described by Linnaeus under two names, yet the fact of
Mr. Shuckard having seen the female Clielostoma paired with
an Osviia, shows how difficult it is to ascertain the sexes of in-
sects, and how cautious we ought to be in deciding on such
questions.
It is said that the idle males of this singular bee sleep away
a great portion of their time in the bosom of some pretty flower,
whilst the female labours hard with her mandibles to form cells
several inches in length in posts and rails, where she deposits
her eggs, supplies them with pollen, and then dies. By the
following extract from a letter written by the Rev. R. Albion
Cox to Mr. Dale, it is evident that they sometimes save them-
selves the labour of excavation by employing the stubble of
wheat for their nests, a remarkable departure from their usual
ceconomy which has not been hitherto noticed. " The habits
of this species (says Mr. Cox) are singular, the reed-motes
contain their nests. On splitting a portion from one you will
find a most ingenious arrangement for the support of the in-
fant progeny. First a store of pollen, then an egg or grub,
and lastly a small pellet of earth or stone, and so on in a se-
ries from the joint to the end of the straw, which is carefully
sealed. The pellet is placed in the position described, evi-
dently for the purpose of intercepting the progress of the larva
in that direction, lest he should infringe upon the rights of his
next-door neighbour. If you should chance to meet with a
straw whose inmates are in a more advanced stage, you will
find the pupa inclosed in a silken shroud at the end opposite
to his original position, and behind him the rejectamenta of
his banquet. Whatever may be the diameter of the straw, the
quantity of food appears to be precisely the same; whence it
happens that the deposits differ in length, proportionably to
the size of the cylinder which contains them." Mr. Cox adds,
" Mr. Paulett Mildmay first pointed out the ingenuity of the
contrivance."
Mr. 11. Bakewell, of Nottingham, also informs me that the
females o( Sapi/ga clavicornis (pi. 532.) enter the holes of Clie-
lostoma^ and are always to be found about posts where that
bee nidificates, but the male Sapj/ga is very rare and difficult
to capture.
The Ichneumon manifestator, Fccnus jaculator (fol. 4-23.),
Ichneumon femorator^ Kirb., and Chrysis cijanea are recorded
also as parasites on the larvae o'i Chelostoma.
For the pretty plant, Exacum fliforme. Least Gentianella,
I am mdebted to the Hon. C. A. Harris.
SOx/
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504.
HERIADES TRUNCORUM.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam, Apidae.
Type of the Genus, Apis Campanularum Linn.
Heriades Spin., Lat., Curt. — Anthophora Fab. — Anthidium Panz. —
Trachusa Jur. — Megachile Lat. — Apis Linn., Kirb.
AntenncB inserted in the middle of the face, scarcely longer than
the head, velvety, 13-jointed in the male (1), basal joint the
longest and subovate, pilose above, 2nd joint small, subovate,
3rd not larger cup-shaped, 4th transverse, the remainder in-
creasing in length to the apical joint which is ovate ; shorter
and clavate in the female (1 $ ), 3rd joint the smallest, ovate-
truncate, the remainder transverse and gradually increasing in
diameter to the apical joint which is large and ovate.
Labrum alike in both sexes, oblong, a little dilated at the base,
the margin ciliated (2).
Mandibles elongate-trigonate, bifid in the male (3) ; larger with
one trifid in the female (3 $ ), having long silky hairs on the
inside.
Maxilla terminated by a long broad lanceolate lobe (4). Palpi
very short, biarticulate, basal joint a little the longest and clavate,
2nd ovate (b).
Mentum subelliptical, subtrifid before (5). Lip long, slender,
linear, pilose and transversely striated (c). Paraglossa short
and lanceolate in the female (5 ? c/). Palpi a little longer than
the lip, 3-jointed, basal joint short and ovate, 2nd very long and
attenuated, 3rd as long as the 1st, attached outside near the
apex of the 2nd, slender and clavate {b).
Head orbicular and large in the male : eyes lateral, oval : ocelli large,
3 in triangle on the crown. Thorax not larger than the head, glo-
bose. Abdomen narrow, cylindric, elongate-ovate, incurved, with a
tubercle on the underside of the 2nd joint in the male (6), the ante-
penultimate fringed with hair, the apex furcate (a) ; thickly clothed
with hairs beneath in the female (6$). Wings, superior with one
elongate-ovate marginal cell, 2 perfect submarginal ones, the 2nd
receiving 2 recurrent nervures, and 3 discoidal cells. Legs simple
similar in both sexes : thighs neai'ly naked : tibite short, posterior
the longest, anterior with a spine at the apex, the others with 2 ; tarsi
5-jointed, basal joint the longest, especially in the hinder pair, in
tvhich it is also the stoutest and pubescent on the inside. Claws bifd
in the male.
Truncorum Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 710. 2.
In the Cabinets of Mr. Kirby and the Author.
Heriades is distinjruished from the other Apidae by its labial
palpi, which are only triarticulate, and the basal joint is very
short. The Paraglossoe are also short, and I could not discover
any in the male.
There are two species inhabitants of this country, and they
are supposed to nidificate in posts, rails, holes in old trees, &.c.
1 . H. Campamilarum Khb. Mon. jo/. 16./ 14 & 1 5. 9 & c? •
SliiiHn<^, thickly and minutely punctured, and sparingly
clothed with minute ochreous pubescence; the face and espe-
cially the clypeus producing long ochreous hairs in the male,
and the margin and underside ot" the abdomen in that sex, ex-
cept at the base, are thinly covered with yellowish hairs, but in
the female they are long and thick; wings fuscous round the
margins, the nervuresand stigma piceous; spurs ochreous, the
basal joint of tarsi producing long whitish hairs in the female,
especially the intermediate, inside of the same joint in the pos-
terior clothed with bright ferruginous hairs ; claws subfer-
ruginous.
" This little Apis," (says Mr. Kirb}^,) "by far the most mi-
nute species of this genus that I have yet seen, is common,
durino; the summer and autumnal months, in the blossoms of
Campanula Trachelium, rotundifolia and hyhrida, and what
deserves to be remarked, I never found it in the flowers of any
other genus of plants. The males are often taken asleep in
these flowers ; their abdomen is then doubled, so tliat the tu-
bercle, with which its base is armed, fits into the cavitv near
the anus." On the 29th of June I once found it in abundance
in a garden at Fulham.
2. 11. truncorum Linn. — P«?iz.64'.15. — Curt.B.E.pl. 504 ? .
Female slate-black, slightly pubescent with whitish hairs,
and closely covered with strong punctures, especially the head
and thorax, a spot of long white hairs on each side the clypeus,
sides of thorax similarly clothed. Abdomen concave at the
base, with a transverse ridge and another at the base of the 2nd
segment, the anterior margin of the 1st clothed at the sides
with white pubescence, sometimes extending across, the 3 fol-
lowing segments ciliated with white hairs, forming very narrow
bands, the pubescence at the apex very short and ochreous, the
pubescence beneath as well as on the basal joint of the hinder
tarsi ferruginous ochre: wings tinged with brown, especially
across the middle; nervures and stigma piceous, spurs ochre-
ous, tips of tarsi and claws ferruginous. " Male smaller: cheeks
unarmed : maxillae not carinated above : abdomen with the
margins of the anterior segments whitish: anus inflexed, last
segment entire, somewhat compressed with a little transverse
fovea on each side: belly with white hairs at the base, convex,
with a tolerably deep cavity at the apex." — Kirhy.
As I have never seen the male, the above description is
translated from Mr. Kirby's Monograph : the female very
much resembles the same sex of Osmia leiicomelana, but is
rather more slender; the head is proportionably larger; it is
more strongly punctured, and the hollow space above at the
base of the 1st abdominal segment at once distinguishes it.
Taken at Brentford : 1 believe my female came iVom Norfolk.
The Plant is Campanula (Prismatocarpus LI Her ) hylrida.
Corn Bell-flower.
cJii^/y^J6:.^. J:.,/.- /%». ■^■■/dts
Gl.
ANTHIDIUM MANICATUM.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Apiarife Lat. Apidae Leacli.
Ttjpe of the Genus Apis manicata Linn.
AxTHiDiUM Fab., Lat. Apis Linn , Kirby. Trachusa Jur.
Antennce inserted near the middle of the face, remote, filiform,
of nearly equal length in both sexes, 13-jointed in the male,
12-iointed in the female, 1st joint elongated, hairy, 2nd very
short (1, antenna of male).
Lahrum inclosed beneath the mandibles, elongate, quadrate^
coriaceous, entire, ciliated, a little dilated at its base (2).
Mandibles exserted, strong, broad, acute, multidentate (3).
Maxilla long, coriaceous, horny down the centre, terminal lobe
lanceolate, acute, inflexed, external edge ciliated (4 a) : Palpi
short, of one joint, ovate, attenuated, pilose (4 b with the pal-
pus magnified).
Mentum elongated, linear (5 a) : Palpi setiform, 4-jointed,
1st and 2nd elongated, compressed, of equal length, with mem-
branaceous edges, 3rd and 4th short, the former arising from the
side near the apex of the 2nd which is terminated by a few bristles
(5 b, b, showing the 3rd and 4th joints greatly magnified) : Lip
often reflexed, as long as the 2 first joints of the palpi slender,
linear, suddenly contracted towards the apex (o c).
Head nearly as broad as the thorax. Ocelli 3. Scutellum with the
posterior margin produced, rounded, subemarginate. Abdomen in-
curved, convex above, broadly truncate at the base, apex of the males
armed with spines ; underside in the females very hairy, armed with
a sting (G abdomen of female). Superior wings with 1 marginal,
2 submarginal and 3 discoidal cells ; posterior limb ivithout nerves.
Hinder feet pollinigerous. Tibiae short, hainj. Tarsi very hairy,
5-jointed, ]st joint compressed, quadrate, long, robust, 3 following
short, terminal joint long, slender, the \st joint of the hinder tarsi
gradually narrowing from the base to the apex. Claws unindentate
(8 afore leg), harvss pollinivorous.
Manicatum Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 958. 28. Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 2. p. 330.
n. 73. Kirby's Mon. Ap. Ang. ** c. 2. ^.v. \. p.\7\.v.2. p. 248.
Male piceous black, punctured, villose, hairs gray or inclining to
ferruginous. Clypeus and mandibles yellow, the former black
towards the base, the latter at the apex. Wings fuscous. Ab-
domen with fascicles of orange hairs and a yellow spot on each
side the 4 first segments, the 5th with 4 yellow spots, 6th with
lunar spots towards the centre and a curved spine on each side :
last segment with 3 spines the centre one being the smallest.
Legs black, very villose, 4 anterior tibige yellow at the apex.
Tarsi yellowish brown. — Female smaller less villose than the
male, hairs ferruginous, orange upon the tarsi and beneath the
abdomen, which has no spines and instead of the fascicles it is
ciliated on the sides of the abdomen.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.
No family of insects has excited greater interest, been better
investigated, or more clearly iniderstood than the bees, — cir-
cumstances arising no less from tlieir wonderful economy and
beautiful organization, than from the labours of some of the
species supplying us with the luxuries and necessaries of life ;
at once affording both instruction and amusement to the na-
turalist, and speculation and profit to the merchant.
Whilst war like a frost (if I may be allowed the expression)
locked up the streams of knowledge that during the suc-
ceedino- peace flowed in kindly harmony to instruct and benefit
mankind, two of the most illustrious entomologists of the age
were (unknown to each other) investigating the same subject;
and it is delightful to see how those who take nature and truth
for their guides arrive at the same conclusions, although some-
times led by different ways. The most perfect production
that ever appeared in this country was at that time given to
the world from the pen of Mr. Kirby, a work which it is far
more easy for me to admire than to praise as it demands : in
that work the student has a noble example of a monograph ;
his mind is directed " to look through Nature up to Nature's
God ;" and so complete is the mass of scientific information,
that little appears left to be done by future writers. At the
same time Mons. Latreille was employed in arranging the
family, including the exotic genera, and naming the groups,
which first appeared in his ^^ HiUoire Naturelle" vol. 3.;
and in his subsequent works, the " Genera Crustnceornm" and
" Considerations Generales" this admirable undertaking was
perfected. With these advantages over every other family of
British insects, it is no wonder that the Apidce should become
the favourites of the entomologist ; I confess they are so with
me, and I anticipate much pleasure in the illustration of them.
The genus now selected is extremely interesting in its habits
of life; tor a detailed account of which I must refer to Kirby's
" Monographia Apum Anglia" remarking that it is the only
species of die genus found in this country. It is by no means
a rare insect in the neighbourhood of London. In the months
of July and August 1823 Dr. Stephenson took it in great
abundance in lanes at South Lambeth and Chelsea : I am in-
formed by him that it occurs chiefly on dry sandy weedy
banks ; and like most insects of this tribe, it may be taken on
the wing during the whole of the day when the weather is
fine, occasionally settling on various plants, especially those
that are covered widi short woolly hair or down, the Stachys
sylvatica (PI. Q5.\ Glcchoma hederacea, &c., the tomentum of
which it strips off' for the purposes of nidification, forming its
nest in hollow trees and odier situations.
Mr. Kirby having observed it to frequent the Agrostcmvia
Coronaria (an Italian Plant), I have figured an English spe-
cies of the same genus, A. Githago (Corn Cockle).
222.
OSMIA PARIETINA.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Apiariae Lat. Apidae Leach.
Type of the Genus Apis bicornis Linn.
OsMiA Panz., Spin., Lat., Leach. — Andrena Panz. — Megachile Lat.
— ^Trachusa Jur. — Hoplitis 8; Amblys Klug. — Anthophora Fab.
— Apis Linn., Kirby, Panz.
AntenncB inserted at the middle of the face, not approximating,
long filiform and 13-jointed in the males, basal joint pilose,
scarcely longer than the 4th, 2nd minute, 3rd short cup-shaped,
the remainder of nearly equal length, each being slightly curved,
terminal joint attenuated (la): shorter geniculated cylindric,
and subclavate in the females, composed of 12 joints, basal joint
pilose very long, 2nd minute, 3rd longer and more slender than
the following, vv'hich are quadrate, excepting the last which is
longer and rounded at the apex (I).
Labrum elongate-quadrate, dilated at the base, rounded and
slightly emarginate and ciliated at the apex (2).
Mandibles externally pilose, small and deeply notched at the
apex in the males (3 a) ; large elongate-quadrate, truncated
obliquely and sinuated at the apex in the females (3).
Maxillce as long as the lip in the female, horny at the base, ter-
minated by a long membranous sublanceolate lobe pubescent at
the inner margin and apex (4 a). Palpi pubescent more robust
in the female than male, 4-jointed, basal joint the largest, oval,
2nd and 3rd longer, of equal length, 4th shorter, subclavate (b).
Mentiim elongated horny. Palpi 4-jointed, basal joint long, 2nd
twice as long attenuated, 3rd very short clavate-truncate, 4th a
little longer and slenderer (5 b). Tongue much longer than the
palpi in the male (c), very pubescent externally, hollow, trans-
versely striated ; down the centre apparently runs a tube which
is terminated by an expanded orifice. Paraglossce short, slightly
pubescent, dilated at the base (d).
Males smaller than the females. Head very large in the latter sex.
Ocelli 3. Wings like those of Megachile. Abdomen ovate, convex,
thickly pubescent beneath in the female. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint
the longest and most robust, especially in the female, 3 following
short, 5 th longer. Claws deeply bifid in the males. (8 fore leg of
the female).
Parietina Nob.
Female. Dull aeneous green ; head and thorax thickly and mi-
nutely punctured, the former producing hoary, the latter bright
ferruginous pubescence. Abdomen very glossy, obscurely punc-
tured, slightly pubescent, ferruginous at the base, underside
clothed with black pubescence. Wings with a fuscous fimbria.
Legs producing a little hoary pubescence, that of the tarsi fuscous.
In the Author's Cabinet.
I HAVE the satisfaction of again referring my readers to the
followino- works for the histories and descriptions of these
bees, viz. Reaumur, torn. 6, Mem. 3; and the Monographia
Apwn Anglia^ vol. 1. p. 178, and vol. 2. p. 260, from whence
we learn that they build their nests upon the uneven surface of
walls, and construct their cells of mud which has caused them
to be called Mason-bees. Although Osmia is nearly related
to Megachile, there are considerable differences in the trophi,
the most important of which is the 4-jointed maxillary palpus ;
and there are external characters, such as the longer antenn£e
and more woolly bodies of the males, and the more ovate and
convex bodies of the females, which will be found useful to
distinguish them.
In addition to those described by Mr. Kirby, I have had
the good fortune to discovei* two others which appear to be
nondescripts. The genus may be arranged in the following
order :
1. O. hirta Foiirc. — Leaiana Kirhy. August and beginning
of Sept. Thistles, Suffolk, and Isle of Wight.
2. spinulosa A7rZ>j/, /aZ). 17. y^ 1 &2. August. Sand and
chalk pits near Ipswich, Suffolk.
3. leucomelana Kirhy. Amongst pines, and on flowers of
Dandelion : Suffolk. July and August : upon Cen-
taurea, and under the cliffs at Dover.
4!. caerulescens Linn.^ Panz. 65. 18. Jem. — aenea Panz.
56, 3, masc. July ; in chalky and sandy places.
5. parietina Curtis Brit. Ent. pi. 9,22. f cm. Beginning of
June ; flying about walls near Ambleside.
With the male of this bee I am unacquainted ; the female
resembles in size and colour the same sex of O. hirta, but the
pubescence of the thorax is ferruginous, and the hair with
which the underside of the abdomen is clothed is black.
6. Tunensis Fah. — aurulenta Panz. 63. 22. fem. July;
on clayey banks.
7. bicolor Schr. — fusca Panz. 56. W. fern. — haematoda
Panz. 81 . 20. masc. P End of June ; Darent Wood.
July ; gardens and sunny banks.
8. atricapilla Nob. — I have only a female of this insect
taken by myself; it is black, the thorax and base of
abdomen fulvous.
9. bicornis Limi. — fronticornis Panz. 63. 20. Jem. var. — rufa
Pa7iz. 56. 10. 7nasc. — cornuta Lat. March, April,
May ; sandy places. The males are plentiful upon
paling at Hampstead, Battersea, and other places
near London, and also upon flowers.
The plant is Salvia vcrbcmaca (Wild Clary).
tfS
i
5i
c&. ^ly&t^d^ /m^
218.
MEGACHILE WILLUGHBIELLA.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Apiariae Lat. Apidae Leach.
Type of the Genus Apis centuncularis Linn.
Megachile Lat., Leach. — Trachusa Jur. — Xylocopa, Centris, Antho-
phora Fab., Panz. — Phyllotoma Dum. — Apis Linn., Kirby, Panz.
AnienncE inserted at the middle of the face, rather remote, fili-
form, slightly geniculated; 13-jointed in the male, basal joint
long, 2nd minute, 3rd small and slender, the 9 following of equal
length, oblong cylindric, last joint longer wedge-shaped (I) :
shorter and 12-jointed in the female.
Labrum inflected large, elongate-quadrate, a little dilated at the
base, convex, rough, pubescent, slightly ciliated (2).
Mandibles meeting over the proboscis and labrum, convex, bent,
pilose, quadridentate, the external tooth the largest in some spe-
cies, sometimes nearly wanting in the males (3),
Maxilla long, terminal lobe with a rib at the back, long, lan-
ceolate, acute, inflexed, internal edge and apex ciliated (4a).
Palpi very short, attached to a fixed scape, having the appearance
of a basal joint, biarticulate, 1 st joint globose, 2nd subovate (4 b).
Mentum horny elongate linear (5). Palpi larger than the lip
4-jointed, 1st and 2nd joints compressed, internally membranous,
pubescent, basal joint long and broad, 2nd much longer, attenu-
ated and pubescent at the apex, 3rd inserted near the apex of the
2nd, small obovate, 4th a little longer, subclavate (b). Tongue
as long as the 2 first joints of the palpi fleshy slender cylindric
hollow, externally pubescent (c) with a bundle of hairs towards
the apex in some (c*). Paraglossce very short acuminated.'
Head broad, almost as large as the thorax. Ocelli 3 in triangle. Abdo-
men oval and convex in the viales, subtrigonate, depressed above, and
thickly pubescent beneath, in the females. Wings, superior with 1
costal, 2 subcostal and 3 discoidal cells, posterior limb without ner-
vures. Legs robust. Tibiae subtrigonate, short, furnished with a
bent spine at the apex, the posterior pair having 2. Tarsi longer
in the male than female, 5-jointed, basal joint the longest and most
robust, 3 following short, 5th longer. Claws hooked and bifid.
Fig. ] & 8 are from M. Willughbiella mas. c* from M. ligniseca mas.
WiLLUGHBiELLA Ray, Kirbifs Mon. Ap. Ang. 2. 233. 41.
Male. Black, minutely punctured, clothed witli pale sulphur-
coloured pubescence, especifiUy the face. Antennae with the
terminal joint compressed ovate, subcapitate (1). Abdomen
notched at the apex. Anterior thighs produced internally, the
apex of their tibiae and the tarsi straw colour, the latter palmate,
basal joint very large and hollow, which with the 3 following are
united on one side, by a pilose and deeply ciliated membrane (8).
Female, less pubescent than the male above, the face clothed with
shorter and darker hairs, the apex of the antennae simple. Abdo-
men with the segments whitish at their margins, the hairs beneath
bright ferruginous, black at the apex (6). Anterior feet simple.
In the Author s and other Cabinets,
The large mandibles of these Bees have supplied the generic
appellation of Mcgachile^ which has been retained in justice
to Mons. Latreille, although Mons. Dumeril's name of Phyl-
lotoma (Leaf-cutters) is more characteristic. They all form
their nests either in decaying trees or under ground ; and the
skill displayed by these little animals in cutting the petals of
flowers and the leaves of plants to construct their curious cells
is so wonderful and interesting, that the reader will be highly
gratified by referring to the following works, which contain
their histories : namely, Reaumur, torn. 6. Mem. 4; Donovan's
«' British Insects," vol. 4. p. 3 1 ; Kirby's " Monographia Apum
Angliae," vol. 1. p. 156. and vol. 2. p. 244; and Kirby and
Spence's "Introduction to Entomology," vol. 1. p. 438 or 441.
The following ai*e British species of Megachile :
1. Willughbiella Ray^ Kirhj, Nob.
Inhabits the decaying trunks of Willows in low meadows :
found in July in Suffolk, and on the banks of the Thames, at
Brentford, Fulham, &c.
2. centuncularis Linn., Fab.,, Kirby. — Schcef. Icon. 262. f. 6. 7.
— Harris, Exp. t. 49. f. 2.
The nests of this Bee are formed in walls and decayed trees;
the cells are composed of the leaves of roses, the Laburnum
and Mercurialis annua. They are found in August upon
Thistles.
3. Leachella Kirby's MSS.
The smallest species of the genus, and may be the M. Pa-
paveris Lat. Specimens are preserved in the British Museum.
4. maritima Kirby Mon. Ap. Ang. 2. 242. 43.
Taken near Landguard Fort, on the coast of Suffolk, in
July.
5. ligniseca Kirby 2. 24'3. 44. tab. 16. Jl 11. mas. — argentata?
Panz. 99. 16. mas. — centuncularis Paiiz. 55. 12. Jem. —
Don. 4f.pl. 120.
Found in September. It forms its cells of the leaves of roses
and of elms, in the trunks of this tree and of the oak also.
6. circumcincta Kirby 2. 246. 45, tab. 16. f. 10. /em.
This Bee was first discovered by the Rev. Dr. Goodenough
(the late Lord Bishop of Carlisle), in the month of May, on a
bank of a southern aspect at Dartford in Kent. I once dug
some of the centunculi out of a bank on the beautiful domains
ot Lord Stafford, at Costessey in Norfolk : they were formed
of rose leaves.
7. xanthomelana Kirby 2. 246. 46. — parietina? Fourcroy. Ent.
Par. 11. 4.
A single specimen was taken by the Rev. W. Kirby in July,
creeping upon a clay bank at Somersham, near Ipswich, Suffolk.
The plant figured, Mercurialis annua (Annual Mercury), is
represented as cut by the M. centuncularis. /
I
K
pi
I
3^JCJ
^Ai^ hind leg of female).
Bimaculata Panz. 55. 17. 9. — Curtis' s Guide, Gen. 722. 1.
Male black, minutely punctured, clothed with greyish hair: basal
joint of the antennae beneath and the face below, yellow j clypeus
and mandibles sulphur, tips of the latter piceous : eyes when
living sea-green : pubescence on head and thorax pale tawny :
segments of abdomen margined with whitish hairs : tarsi, ex-
cepting the basal joint and the tip of the last, ferruginous. Fe-
male : face below the antennae (which are entirely black) yellow,
with 2 square black spots nearly meeting in the centre and 2
dusky spots at the base of the labrum (1*) j margins of the 1st
segment of abdomen slightly, of the 3 following densely fringed
with greyish hair, apex black.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.
Nearly related as this genus is to Anthophora (pi. 357),
there are most important differences in their trophi, antennae,
and legs; but the easiest means of distinguishing them will be
by examining the 3rd joint of the antennae, which is shorter
than the first in Saropoda.
1. S. bimaculata Panz. Kirby 2. 286. 63 — Curt. Brit. Ent.
pi. 361. cT-
The 31st of July I observed the females at the back of the
Isle of Wight, flying about and alighting upon the plant
figured in the plate: they made a loud and shrill buzzing with
their short wings. On the 15th of August I found a male
and many females sleeping in the same flowers, it having
rained several days previousl3\ A few days before I saw both
sexes flying over barren and heathy places and entering their
burrows.
2. S. \u\pma Pa7iz. 56. 6. ^?—Kir. 2. 290. 65.
Black, clothed with pale soft hairs ; thorax flavescent ; seg-
ments of the abdomen with the margins pale; intermediate
thighs large and clavate. Kirby. — Male with the basal joint
of antenna beneath, the face below, and labrum ochreous, 2
black triangular spots on the clypeus, and 2 at the base of the
labrum.
I think I took one the beginning of August at Bognor, flying
about a felled tree.
3. S. rotundata Panz. 56. 9. S- — Kir. 2. 291. 66.
Clothed with soft greyish hair ; mouth yellow ; abdominal
segments with the margins subrufous; thorax of the female
blackish, of the male fulvous. Kirby.
July, on the flowers of Erica in a sunny sand-pit near
Coombe-wood, Mr. Kirby; and Mr. Newman in his garden
at Deptford.
4. S. subglobosa Kir. 2. 295. 68.
Black, slightly clothed with whitish hairs ; abdomen sub-
globose. Kirby. — Obs. In my specimen the edges of the abdo-
minal segments are somewhat ochreous.
Taken by Mr. Haworth.
5. S. furcataPan^. 56. 8. S -—Kir. 2. 288. 64. ; tab.ll.f. 5^6.
Female black, clothed with griseous pubescence, anterior
part of face, labrum and anus, clothed with ferruginous hair.
Male black, clothed with cinereous pubescence ; anterior por-
tion of face and labrum yellow, apex of abdomen furcate.
Kirby.
Tliis species is rare in Suffolk, but more frequent near
London. We learn from Mr. Kirby that it nidificates in a
manner similar to Apis violacea, in pieces of putrescent wood.
— vide V. I. p. 188.
The plant is Cenlaurca Scabiosa (Great Knapweed).
468.
PSITHYRUS RUPESTRIS.
The black- winged Humble-bee.
Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Apidse.
Type of the Genus, Apis rupestris Fab.
PsiTHYRUs LeP. — Bombus Lat., Curt. — Bremus J«r. — Apis Xm?z.,
Kirby.
AntenncB inserted at the middle of the face, longer than the
head, geniculated, filiform, 13-jointed in the male, basal joint
long clavate, 2nd minute, 3rd obovate, nearly as long as the
5th, 4th subquadrate, only half the length of the following
which are oblong, the terminal joint compressed and rounded
at the apex (1 (5^) ; similar but shorter in the female, and only
12-jointed.
Labrum transverse, subovate-trigonate, very hairy (2).
Mandibles crossing, alike, long narrow and slightly curv'ed,
ovate at the apex, or rounded obliquely, hairy externally (3).
Maxillee as long as the mentum, very hairy externally, with a
brush of hairs on the inside (4), terminated by a homy lobe as
long as the tongue, broad at the base and attenuated to the
apex (a). Palpi minute, formed of one oblong joint attached
to a scape at the external apex of the stipula (6).
Mentum long and rather stout, linear, slightly attenuated to-
wards the base, the anterior margin sinuated (5). Tongue
nearly as long as the palpi, tubular, slightly attenuated at the
apex and terminated by a little mouth, the outside thickly
clothed wdth depressed hairs (c). Paraglosscc short, broad
rounded, and ciliated at the apex {d, with one detached and
more magnified). Palpi long, rather broad and slightly atte-
nuated, the internal margin hairy towards the apex, 4-jointed,
basal joint more than twice the length of the 2nd ; the 3rd and
4th very minute obovate (b).
Neuters none. Head vertical ovate : eyes long and narrow : ocelli
3, placed transversely in a curved line. Thorax large and globose ;
sciitellum large semiorbicular . Abdomen ovate or oblong, incurved
at the apex. Wings, superior with one marginal, 3 nearly equal
submarginal and 3 discoidal cells. Legs, anterior small. Tibiae
spurred at the apex, posterior convex and very hairy externally,
especially in the female (8 f), smaller, straight and slightly clavate
in the male. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long and dilated, posterior
not producing a tooth at the base. Claws with a tooth on the inside :
pulvilli very pubescent.
Obs. Fig. 1 . is the antenna of B. Barbutellus Don.
Rupestris Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 723. 1.
Female black, shining, punctured, clothed with black hairs :
abdomen with the 4th and follow'ing segments clothed with deej>
orange hairs : wings long, dark brow'n and iridescent : tarsi
rusty brown, the basal joint black, clothed inside w'ith ferrugi-
nous pile. Male not identified.
In the Author s and other Cabinets.
Four of the Bombi were formed into a subdivision by Mr.
Kirby in his Monograph, and they have been lately designated
as the genus Psithyrus, Avhich I think might as well have been
called Bremus, a name given to the Bombi by Jurine.
The males are distinguished from the Bombi by the nearly
equal breadth of the posterior tibiae, which are externally con-
vex and thickly clothed with hairs, whereas in Bombus they
increase from the base to the apex, are slightly concave ex-
ternally at the centre, and have only scattered hairs ; the
females are still more strongly marked, having in addition to
the above characters, a trigonate labrum and mandibles not
toothed.
The following are our British species :
1. P. rupestris Fab. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 468. represents the
female a little larger than life. — arenaria Pz. 74. 12.
var. The male is unknown unless it be the P.frute-
torum.
End of June, several on a thistle, near Drayton Norfolk, and
Wrentham Suffolk, also by the road-side, and flying about a
hay-stack in Cambridgeshire ; middle of August, on a common
near Coombe, Mr. R. Lewis ; beginning of September and
middle of October, Isle of Wight, J. C. ; near Axbridge and
Glanville's Wootton, Mr. Dale.
'2. P. frutetorum Pz. 75. 20. — Albinellus Kir. v. 2. p. 361.
Beginning and middle of August, on thistles, Richmond
Park, once with P. rupestris, Mr. R. Lewis : at Barham, in
the autumn, Mr. Kirby.
3. P. Rossiellus K. tab. 18. f. 1 $ .—^chcef. Icon. t. 241./7&8.
The male only of this Insect is known, but probably
P. campestris may be the female.
Barham, in flowers : middle of July, Dover, J. C. ; middle
of August, Coombe Wood, on thistles, Mr. Lewis.
4. P. campestris Pz. 74. \\. — Kir. 1. 18./. 2 ? .
Barham, in spring and summer; June and July, near Brix-
ton Hill and Coombe, Mr. Lewis ; Shanklin Chine, Mr. Dale.
5. P. Barbutellus Don. v. 11. ;?/. 385. f. 3.— saltuum Pz. 75.
21 J? — autumnalis Fab. S var.
Barham, flowers in summer ; male frequent on thistles : mid-
dle of May, Hampstead; end of June, Darent; common in
Battersea Fields.
6. P. vestalis Four.— Kir. /f. 18. /. 3 &4 ? & S ■ — Don. 13.
;pZ. 464 — aestivalis Pz. 89. 16.
Barham, flowers of Tussilago Farfara (pi. 367), often flying
close to die ground. Mr. Lewis finds it in Coombe Wood
lane about May.
The Plant is Digitalis purpurea (Purple Foxglove).
■J*
s6m
Sf
I \
y i^r- fy^^'*--'-^/.-^- ^'-''^
564.
BOMBUS ERICETORUM.
The heath Humble-bee.
Order Hymenoptera. • Fam. Apidge.
Type of the Genus, Apis terrestris Linn.
BoMBUs Lat., Curt. — Bremus Jur., Panz. — Apis Linn., Kirby, Panz.
AntenntE inserted at the middle of the face, longer than the head,
geniculated, filiform; 13-jointed in the male, basal joint long,
clavate, 2nd somewhat cup-shaped, 3rd obovate; nearly as long
as the 5th, 4th subquadrate, the remainder longer, oblong, ter-
minal joint wedge-shaped, rounded at the apex ; rather shorter
and 12-jointed in the female (1 $ ), 3rd joint longer than any
of the following.
Labrum transverse, thickly ciliated with rather long hairs, an-
terior margin slightly notched on each side (2).
Mandibles elongated, rounded and crenated at the apex, spoon-
shaped, narrowed a little towards the base ; ciliated externally
with pubescent hairs (3).
Maxillae as long as the mentum, hairy outside, terminated by a
long lanceolate horny lobe (4 a) . Palpi short, attached to an
ovate scape, composed of one very slender elongated joint (6).
Mentum long, elliptic, rounded at the base, bisinuated before (5).
Lip long and linear but slightly attenuated at the apex (c).
Paraglossce short broad and rounded. Palpi rather longer than
the lip, attached to scapes, broad compressed and 4-jointed ;
basal joint very long, 2nd very much shorter, lanceolate and
distinctly ciliated on the inside, 3rd and 4th joints minute, some-
what obtrigonate and attached near the apex of the 2nd joint {b) .
Neuters small. Head triangular -ovate : eyes long, vertical and nar-
row : ocelli Z, forming a transverse curved line. Thorax large and
globose: scutellum large, semiorbicular. Abdomen ovate, very hairy.
Wings, superior with one marginal, 3 nearly equal submarginal and
3 discoidal cells. Legs, anterior short : tibiae spurred at the apex,
anterior small and trigonate, posterior broad, externally smooth,
shining, concave, and free from hair in both sexes. Tarsi 5-jointed,
basal joint oblong and dilated, with the external basal angle forming
a horizontal tooth in the hinder pair of the female (Sf). Claws bifid.
Ericetorum Panz.? — Curt. Guide, Gen. 723. 13*.
Black, clothed with yellow hairs; those of the mouth ferruginous;
hinder portion of the thorax and base of scutellum dusky; a line
of ferruginous hairs at the base of the 2nd abdominal segment,
which bears a slightly dusky band, as well as the 3rd ; 4th with
a black band at the base, 5th and 6th white : apex of wings
pale reddish brown, with the costa towards the apex darker,
nervures piceous, the subcostal nervures pale ferruginous ; tarsi
with the inside of the basal joint clothed with bright ferruginous
hairs, the following joints, especially the apical one, of a duller
colour.
In the Author s Cabinet.
The Humble-bees comprise a fine group of insects in this
country, readily distinguished by their hairy and handsome
clothino-. In the first fine days ot" spring, or even earlier, the
females, which 1 believe hybernate, are attracted by the blos-
soms of the Willows to collect honey and pollen ; the neuters
appear later in the season, but the males are not common till
the autumn, when, as Mr. Kirby observes, " the thistles are
in bloom, upon the flowers of which they are abundant, some-
times seemingly asleep, or torpid, at others acting as if intoxi-
cated with the sweets they have been imbibing."
Humble-bees build their nests in the roots of trees or
amongst rubbish of bricks and stones ; they may be constantly
seen in the summer collecting moss for the purpose of cover-
ing their nests, which ai'e sometimes lined with wax. The
comb is irregular, and formed of oval cocoons made of a kind
of silk daubed with wax ; they vary greatly in number, some-
times amounting to sixty, and are adapted in size to the three
sexes. Want of space compels me to refer the reader to the
6th vol. of Reaumur, and to Kirby's Monograph, for admi-
rable accounts of this interesting tribe.
Perhaps no genus presents more difficulties in determining
the species than Bombus; there are males, females, and neu-
ters of two sizes, and the hairs with which they are clothed
vary in colour with age ; it is therefore only by examining their
nests that the species can be ascertained, and perhaps not then
with constant or unerring success. I have some suspicion
that there are hybrids, and my friend Mr. Lyell took a female
of B. subintey-ruptus or terrestris, and two specimens of B. syl~
varum or Burrellamis out of the same nest in Scotland, and I
have specimens of the second and third of these insects, which
were captured together.
One species was added to this genus in my Guide, and since
then three others have been discovered.
12*. B. Hypnorum Linn. — Panz. 7.12.
Found near Hampstead by Mr. Shuckard.
.13*. ericetorum Pa7iz. 75. 19.? — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 564'. c?.
Mr. Lyell kindly presented this specimen to me, which he
took at Kinnordy. It does not quite agree with Panzer's
figure.
15. Pomorum Panz. 86. 18.
I took this handsome species near Dover the middle of Au-
gust.
24*. regelationis Panz. 86. 17»
Found near Halifax by Mr. A. H. Davis.
The Plant is Tillcca muscosa (Mossy Red-shanks).
76g
liyanOt/ /IftS
/^,uj/urSC c^/iy
n^i i>3i
769.
APIS MELLIFICA.
The Common Hive or Honey Bee.
OiiDER Hymenoptera. Fam. Apidae.
Type of the Genus, Ajjis mellifica Linn.
Apis Linn., Fab., Kirb., Cm-t. Guide, Gen. 724. 1.
Antennce inserted at the centre of the face, approximating, ge-
niculated, filiform, 13 -jointed in the male {I ^), basal joint the
longest and stoutest, hairy outside, 2nd oblong, 3rd and 4th
short, the remainder oblong, apical joint conical compressed :
r2-jointed in the neuter (1 9). basal joint much longer, hairy,
2nd small, 3rd a little longer, obovate- truncate, 3rd the short-
est, following oblong, apical joint short, conic compressed.
Labrum of male short, broad, and nearly linear, ciliated with
long hairs (2): anterior margin convex in the neuter (2).
Mandibles small in the male, dilated at the base, slender above,
apex bidentate, densely clothed with long pubescence outside
(3) : corset-shaped in the neuter, hairy outside, apex obliquely
ovate, concave and ciliated on the margin (3).
Maxillee a little shorter than the mentum in the male (4), ter-
minated by a horny lanceolate lobe as long as the lip («). Palpi,
minute ovate lobes (b) : a little more distinct in the neuters.
Mentum not very long in the male, elliptic-truncate (5); rather
l)roader at the base in the neuter (5). Lip twice as long, linear,
very pubescent, except at the base, apex ovate in the male(c^:
longer, less hairy, with a valve at the apex in the neuter (c).
Paraglossce rather large and ovate in the male, notched behind
(rf) : much smaller in the neuter. Palpi shorter than the lip in
the male, attached to scapes, broad, compressed and 4-jointed,
ciliated internally, basal joint long and elliptic, 2nd moderate,
subovate, 3rd attached to the apex of the 2nd, small, elongate-
ovate as well as the 4th (b) : longer than the lip in the neuter,
from the greater length of the basal joint (b).
Male : face orbicular : eyes very long, 'pubescent, contiguous above : ocelli 3
in triangle in front. Thorax large, transverse : scutel lunate. Abdomen
6-jointed, elongate-ovate, very hairy at the base and apex, basal joint con-
cealed. Wings ample, with 1 long marginal and 3 siihmarginal cells, '2nd
subtrigonate, 3rd oblique. Legs stout, hinder the longest pubescent (8f ) ;
thighs not long : tibias short, anterior with a membranous dilated spine at
the apex, intermediate with a long and slender one, hinder tibia longer, di-
lated and compressed at the apex, very velvety inside, spurs none : tarsi 5-
jointed, basal joint oblong, anterior luith a very deep notch at the base, hinder
■ large, elliptic and very velvety inside, remainder short, hairy, oblrigonate,
4th cordate, 5th large, obconic : claws strong, bifid at the apex : pulvilli
ovate. Neuter : face cordate : eyes moderate, remote : ocelli 3 on the crown.
Abdomen short, ovate-conic, basal joint short, but distinct : sting serrated
at the apex, inclosed in 2 valves. Wings moderate. Legs all hairy : tibiae,
hinder very broad and pectinated at the apex (Sf), very pubescent inside :
tarsi, basal joint dilated in the intermediate, very large in the hinder, densely
pubescent and striated transversely on the insiuc, the outer superior angle
hooked, following joints compressed and a little dilated: claws deeply bifid
on the inside. Female : head smaller. Wings shorter than the body. Ab-
domen long and conical. Hinder legs and all the tarsi with very short pu-
bescence inside, basal joint not hooked above. Obs. the female resembles 'he
neuter in the trophi, and, other parts unnoticed above, and the oral and other
parts of the neuter, not noticed, are similar to those of the male. The G dis-
sections on the left are from the male, the 5 on the right from the neuter.
391.
A. Mellifica Linn. — mellifera Fourc. — cerifera Scop. — gre-
garia G^-o^ — doinestica Ray.
Piceous, clothed with fine silky ochreous hairs : antennse black : wings
yellowish, nervures ferruginous. Male the darkest, thorax and 2nd
joint of abdomen velvety, the space between them filled up with ochreous
down, margins of segments pale; 2 apical joints clothed with longish pi-
ceous hairs: tarsi ferruginous, excepting outside of basal joints. Neuter:
thorax hairy, hinder tibiae as well as tarsi ferruginous internally, light
brown outside. Female : second abdominal segment with 2 large rufous
patches at the base : hinder legs deep and bright ochreous.
Our figures represent the male, neuter, and female somewhat
larger than life, but their relative proportions are preserved :
the comb was one foot in length. I consider myself fortunate in
being able to introduce into my plate the nest of some Hive-
bees, which was discovered by Lord Malmesbury in his planta-
tions, near the river Avon, not far from Sopley. I had the
jjratification of seeinjr it before it was removed in October
1 838 ; it was attached to the arm of a tree, and hung down, as
represented in the plate, about 2 feet from the ground : a con-
siderable number of the bees had died with their heads in the
cells. Combs have been rarely found in hollow trees in this
country, but one formed on the outside is I believe without a
parallel in the history of bees.
It would not be possible for me to condense into my limited
space the valuable remarks that have resulted from the ob-
servations of Swammerdam, Reaumur, Huber, Wildman and
Kirby, I must therefore content myself with referring to their
works, and to Dr. Bevan's " History of the Honey-Bee," tor
accounts of the wonderful ceconomy of these little animals ; I
shall however transcribe a few remarks from the Mag. of Zool.
It is more than probable (says Dr. Bevan) that the life of the working
bee does not exceed 6 or 7 months. A good family of bees consists of from
12 to 20,000, and a fertile queen breeds that number every year, but they
all die annually except about 8000, which are supposed to be the summer
and autumn hatched ones. In the 1st week of July the young workers be-
gin to issue from their cells, and continue to do so for nearly 3 weeks : on
tlic 13th July was the first issue of drones, which continued to come forth
till the 2.5tb; these, if not killed by the neuters, begin to die naturally the
end of October till the middle of November, so that the life of the drone is
about 4 months ; the queen has been traced from hive to hive through a pe-
riod of nearly 4 years, so that she sees many generations pass away.
I may add that in the early days of April the workers awake
from their slumbers, and resort to the catkins of the willows to
rej)lenish their stores; the males appear later, and amount to
about 1500.
With the bee I have now concluded my task, and I trust the
materials collected have been selected to the taste and advantage
of those who have taken an interest in my Hive. I have to
thank my friends who have so handsomely protected it against
the attacks of enemies, as well as those whose valuable mate-
rials have been so kindly contributed during sixteen years to
Us support. After a little rest I hope to resume my labours,*
and 1 trust the contents of a future hive may prove as accept-
able to the public as the present one.
• Vide the Prospectus attached to this volume, regarding the Synopsis
of Species and an Atlas of Genera.
//^
p
712.
LIBELLULA RUBICUNDA.
Order Neuroptera. Fam. Libellulida?.
Type of the Genus, Libellula depressa Linn.
LiBELLULA Linn. &c. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 725.
Antenna insQxtQdi on each side of a vesicle before the eyes, short
slender setiform and 6-jointed, basal joint the stoutest, short
and cylindrical, 2nd not so stout but a little longer and bristly,
the remainder slender and setaceous, 3rd joint much the longest,
4th scarcely so long as the 2nd, 5th a little longer, 6th as long
as the 3rd, acute at the apex and terminating in a bristle (1).
La&rwm large, transverse, convex, semioval, bristly outside (2).
Tongue ? subovate, dilated tovi^ards the apex and bristly (*).
Mandibles short and stout, deeply bifid at the apex, with a
cluster of 4 or 5 short teeth on the inside (3).
Maccillce with a short stipes, the terminal portion dilated at the
base, rounded and bristly internally, the apex claw-shaped,
with 2 smaller teeth below and 3 long stout spines on the out-
side, external lobe long curved and very bristly (4).
Mentum small. Lip very large and convex, formed of 2 qua-
drate orbicular lobes very bristly on the margins (5), with 2 mi-
nute teeth at the inner angle, opj^osite each other (^).
Head large, the base concave ; eyes very large, meeting on the crown :
ocelli 3, placed round a vesicle before the eyes. Thorax large and
oblong. Abdomen moderately long, sometimes broad depressed and
attenuated at the apex, with 2 horny lobes at the base in the males,
and 2 moveable lobes at the apex (6 (^) ; females with 2 shorter
lobes at the apex ( ? ). Wings extended horizontally, alike m both
sexes, inferior the broadest, especially at the base, very much reticu-
lated, stigma elongated but short in some. Legs, anterior the stout-
est, hinder a little the longest : thighs spiny on the inside : tibiae
slender, with 2 series of spreading acute slender spines on each side :
tarsi short triarticulate, hinder the longest, basal joint the shortest,
terminal the longest : claws cleft towards the apex.
Larva and Pupae aquatic, short and broad, both furnished with legs
for walking, similar to the imago. Roesel, v. 2. tab. 6. f. 1. 2.
RuBicuNDA Linn. — pectoralis Charp. ? — dubia Vand. Lin. ?
Male. Dull black, face and labrum yeUowish-white : thorax with 2
deep orange stripes before the wings and several marks under
them ; the disc, including the scutel, postscutel and scapulae
sanguineous : abdomen with the 1 st segment, excepting the
base, and the basal ring of the 2nd, sanguineous, this and the
4 following with deep orange spots at or near the base, more or
less ovate and increasing in size ; underside blueish-grey : wings
hyaline, nervures piceous, the costal and transverse costal ner-
vures whitish ; stigma oval and brown, a small brown spot at
the base of the superior, and a small and larger one at the base
of the inferior wings. Female. Labrum brown with yellowish
spots, the spots on the thorax and abdomen all yellow, the
latter with 3 large yellow spots on each side of the base, and
one on each side of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments, the central
one the largest : the basal spots on the wings arc more extended.
In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale, the Author, S^c.
LiBELLULA is one of the most extensive genera of this magnifi-
cent family of insects, which may be divided into 2 sections.
1. Abdomen dilated and more or less depressed.
1. depressa Linn. — Don. v. S. pi. S\ S • 'v. 1. pi. 24 ? .
Marshy places and ponds everywhere, from April to Aug.
2. quadrimaculata Linn. — Don. 12. 407. — Sam.pl. I.f. 1. —
prasnubila Newm. var.
Ponds and woods, middle of May to August, Middlemarsh,
Parley, New Forest, Oxford, Whittlesea and Meldon Park,
Mr. Dale; also at Epping.
3. bimaculata Charp. ? Step. June, Whittlesea Mere.
4. conspurcata Fab. — 4-rasciata Don. 12. 425.
Hedges, lanes, &c., from middle of May to the middle of
July, Parley, Glanville's Wootton and Newnham, Bedford-
shire, Mr. Dale ; Sprowston near Norwich and Deptford.
5. cancellata Linn. — Don. 14. 472. — Int. to Ent. pi. S.f. 5. ? .
Croydon canal, Peckham, Horning and Fakenham, Nor-
folk, Whittlesea Mere, Abbey Meadows, Kilburn, end of
June to middle of August, J. C.
6. Sparshalli Dale's Mss. Taken at Horning in 1823 by the
late Mr. J. Sparshall ; it is very similar to a Chinese species.
2. Abdomen triquetrous^ sublinear or slightly clavatc.
7. coerulescens 2^. — Donovan i L^fl'. — biguttata Z)ow.' 1 3.449 c?.
May to September, Charmouth, Portland, Empole, Parley,
Enborne, Gamlingay bogs and Isle of Man, Mr. Dale ; New
Forest and Black-gang-chine, J. C.
8. vulgata Linn. — Don. 10, 337. 1.
Ponds and ditches from June to 19th Nov. everywhere.
9. Veronensis Charp. Taken by Mr. Harrison of Hull.
10. flaveolata Linn. — Schajf. Icon. t. ^^.f. \.
Taken by Mr. Lyell at Kinnordy in Forfarshire, and by
Mr. Doubleday last year at Epping in abundance.
11. angustipennis Step. III. June, near London.
12. Roeselii Curt. — Roesel, 2. /;/. 8, _/] 4. — basalis Step. ??
rufostigma Neiso. var. Whittlesea Mere, Mr. Bentley.
13. Scotica Don. 15. 523. — nigra Va7i. Lin. — pallidistigma
Step. var.
June to Nov. abundant on Parley Heath ; Isle of Arran.
14. rubicunda Linn. — Curt. Biit. Ent.pl. 712. c?.
This line insect was discovered last year, about deep pools
of water on Thorne moor near Dorchester, by Mr. Beckett ;
Mr. Dale found it there in abundance the middle of July, but
it was less common in August ; Mr. Harrison also took it
near Glandford Brigg, Lincolnshire. For a fine series I am
indebted to the Rev. F. O. Morris and T. C. Heysham, Esq.,
who took them in the North of England.
The plant is Carer digitata, Fingered Carex, from Leigh
wood, conmumicated by Mr. Tliwaites.
6/6
C — D
)3- /% 3^
616.
CORDULIA CURTISII.
Order Neuroptera. Fam. Libellulidae.
Type of the Genus, Libellula aenea Linn.
CoRDULiA Leach., Curt. — Libellula Linn., Fab., Lat., Vand. Lind.
— TEschna Charp.
Antennce very small, inserted close to the ocelli on the anterior-
margin of the eyes, 6-jointed, 2 basal joints stout and hairy,
1st the shortest and dUated anteriorly, 2nd elongate cyhndric,
the remainder forming a slender seta, 3rd joint longer than the
2nd, 4th not longer than the 1st, 5th as long as the 2nd, 6th
the longest (1).
Labrum exserted, broad and short, the sides rounded and ciliated
as well as the anterior margin (2).
Tongue ? large, inflated, broadest and hairy at the apex (*).
Mandibles broad, short and thick, the apex truncated obliquely,
and forming 5 short sharp teeth (3) ,
Maxillce with the stripes short, terminated by a homy falcate
lobe, dilated at the base and ciliated internally, with 6 elongated
curved acute teeth at and below the apex, and a thick linear
palpiform lobe outside, subfalcate and hairy externally (4).
Labium very large and convex, entirely covering the mouth and
concealing the trophi, excepting the labrum, trilobate, the late-
ral lobes very large, suborbicular, hairy, the internal margins
crossing, central lobe smaller, transverse and covering a portion
of the base of the others (5).
Head large, concave at the base : eyes very large meeting on the crown :
ocelli 3 ? in a cavity in front of a vesicle before the eyes. Thorax
large and ovate. Abdomen long cylindric or compressed, clavate,
narrowed towards the base in the male with 2 spines beneath the 2nd
joint and 4 appendages at the apex, the inferior ones furcate (6 (^),-
but these are absent in the female (6 ? ). Wings nearly equal, ex-
tended horizontally, very much reticulated, stigma elongated; infe-
rior wings with the anal angle acute in the male (9 (J). Legs
slender, anterior the shortest : thighs linear, serrated inside : tibiae
armed with a double row of spreading long spines : tarsi spiny, triar-
ticulate, basal joint short, 2nd and 3rd elongated : claws cleft near
the apex (8, afore tibia and tarsus).
Larvae and pupae aquatic, both furnished with legs for walking similar
to the imago. Roesel, v. 2. t. 5. f. 1.
CuRTisii Dale in Loudon's Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. 7. p. 60. — Curt.
Guide, Gen. 726. 2.
In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.
The Cordulige are distinguished by their uniform metallic
colour; they are separated from Libellula, to which they are
most allied, by the angulated anal margin of the inferior
wings, and from all the other Dragon-flies by the small central
lobe of the labium, as well as by the vesicle on the crown of
the head.
The species of Cordulia are the following :
1. metallica Vand. Lind. Mon. 18. 13. — Schcnf. Icon. tab. 113.
y; 4. ? . — Roesel 2. Aq. II. tab. 5.f. 2. ^ . — Harris Expos,
tab. 27./. 2. ? .
Brassy-green, abdomen thickened in the middle, all the anal
appendages in the male simple, acuminated ; wings lutescent,
stigma yellow.
This species is admitted as British on the authority of Van-
der Linden, who quotes Harris's figure as the male, but it is
the female he has represented.
2. aenea Linn. — Schccf. tab. 161 -f. 4. ? . tab. 182./ 1. ^. — Sew.
Brit. Mis. tab. 47. d". — Don. 12. 415. (?.
Brassy green, abdomen thickened towards the apex, inferior
anal appendages furcate in the male ; stigma black ; labium
and spots on the underside of 2 or 3 of the basal abdominal
segments ochreous.
This species has been taken from the end of May to July
atWinandermere; nearWisbeach; in Starston and Costessey
Woods, Norfolk ; Martlesham Heath, Suffolk; Woodford; Ep-
ping Forest; Hampstead; near Beaulieu, Brockenhurst; and
Pennington Commons, Hants. I have generally found it in
plantations where there are fir-trees, in such situations as Ca-
lepteryx frequents.
3. Curtisii Dale. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 616. ^.
Male glossy green, with ochreous pubescence; face bright
green ; base of the labrura and the labium ochreous ; eyes
pale pea-green, with a purple transverse stripe ; back of the
thorax ochreous, marked with black; abdomen compressed,
with a line of yellow spots down the back, decreasing in
length, forming 2 connected oval spots on each segment,
the basal one being the largest, 7th and 8th segments with
a pale margin only ; wings of a very pale yellowish tint, with
a small space at the base bright ferruginous ; stigma, ner-
vures and legs dark piceous ; anterior thighs ochreous in-
side at the base. Female with ferruginous-yellow wings,
softened into pale brown towards the posterior margin.
This fine species, which is unknown upon the Continent,
was discovered by Mr. Dale on Parley Heath the 29tli June,
1820, and subsequently at Hurne in Dorsetshire as late as
the 16th July. On the 8th June, 1831, I captured a specimen
on the side of Ramsdown near Heron Court, in company with
Mr. Dale, who soon after described it in Loudon's Magazine
under its present name. I understand it has also been taken
on Braunton Burrows, Devon, by Mr. Cocks.
The plant is Liizula {Juncus) campestris^ Field Rush.
'32
'H^^:^ lJ€^.-,A^ ?72a^,f:fS$'^
)L' n3i
732.
AGRION RUBELLUM.
Order Neuroptera. Fam. Libellulidse.
Type of the Genus, Libellula puella, Linn.
Agrion Fab., Lot., Vand. Lind., Curt. — Libellula Linn.
Antenna inserted between the eyes close to the inner margin,
very remote, shorter than the head, triarticulate, basal joint
the stoutest, subovate, 2nd not so stout but longer, a little
globose at the apex, both with very long hairs, 3rd a mode-
rately long seta, stoutish and tapering (1).
Labrmnlarge, transverse-ovate, thickly clothed with longhairs (2).
Mandibles rather small, broad at the base, subtrigonate, the
apex acute, trifurcate, with 2 clusters of teeth on the inside (3).
Maxillee small, forming a compressed lobe, terminated by a long
curved claw, with 2 teeth on the inside, 3 long spines below,
the rest producing hairs ; external lobe or palpus compressed,
curved and hairy, with a small tubercle or joint at the apex (4).
Mentum short but broad. Labium large hairy and covering the
mouth, ovate-trigonate, the apex rounded, with a deep broad
notch in the centre. Palpi very hairy, biarticulate, basal joint
very large, curved, compressed, a little attenuated, furnished
with a long incur\^ed claw at the inner apical angle, 2nd joint
slender, a little curved, subelliptic (5).
Head broad : clypeus narrowed : eyes moderate, very remote, promi-
nent and ovate : ocelli 3, forming a triangle on the crown. Thorax
narrower than the head, obconic-truncate : collar forming a lunate
scale : alitrunk very short and nearly vertical. Abdomen long
slender and cylindric, the apical processes very short and varying
greatly in form ; male furnished with 2 short remote horny lobes
above, and a furcate one on each side below (6 ^J) ; female with 2
short teeth and 2 filiform processes beloiv (6 $ ). Wings erect in
repose, very similar, membranaceous, elongate-ovate, most of the
cells quadrangular : stigma small and rhomboidal. Legs rather
short, slender, tapering, anterior the shortest: thighs ivith two
rows of spiny bristles beneath: tibiae with a double series of spread-
ing spiny bristles on each side, the anterior pectinated inside towards
the apex : tarsi triarticulate, basal joint very short, 3rd the longest
in the anterior, in the others the 2nd and 3rd are equal: claws long
narrow and bifid at the apex. Obs. the dissections are from A. minium.
RuBELLUM V. Lind., — Curt. Guide, Gen. 733, 7.
Male : head and thorax dull aeneous, underside face and legs
ochreous : abdomen red : wings slightly tinted with yellow,
stigma fuscous-ochre. Female : abdomen seneous, 3 basal and
2 apical joints rufous. Var. bright ferruginous, ochreous be-
neath ; crown of head, clypeus, disc of collar, a broad line
down the thorax and a fine one on each side purplish-black ;
abdomen of same colour, except the 2 first joints, and the base
of the 3rd, on which there is a broken dorsal line of 4 black
spots and a ring; base of all the other segments with an ochreous
ring interrupted at the centre : nervures sometimes reddish : a
black dot at the apex of the thighs, a streak outside the tibiae
and tips of tarsi and of claws black.
I
These elegant and beautiful insects, which are distinguished
from cognate genera by their rhomboidal stigma, are abun-
dant in June and July in marshes, the sides of rivers, ponds,
ditches, hedges, &c., where they fly about sedges, reeds,
rushes, and other aquatic plants, on which they often settle.
The French have given them the trivial name of Demoiselle,
but with us they bear the formidableappellation of Dragon-flies,
which they in some measure deserve, as, like the rest of the
Libellulid£E, they feed upon other insects, both in the larva
and imago states. It will be seen by the following list, that
there are many species, the sexes of which not only differ,
but from some cause or other individuals vary so much in
colour, that it is a difficult task sometimes to determine to
which species a variety belongs, and 1 think it not improbable I
that some of these may be hybrids. The caudal appendages
of the males vary so greatly, that Charpentier thinks they will i.
supply good specific characters.
1. Platypoda Van. Lmd. — ScJtccff. Icon. t.A^S.f. 1./9. — Corea
Lea. — lacteum Char p.
This species has the 4? hinder tibiae dilated : it is found in
Norfolk, the New Forest, and in Devonshire.
2. Chloridion Charp. Hot. Ent. p. 14 'i—Schcef. t. 121./. 4
c?./. 5 ? . — Mesel. v. 2. t. 11. f. 6.
June, Lincolnshire, on the authority of the "Illustrations."
3. fulvipes Step. — June, Coomb Wood.
4. rufescens Lea. — This and the following species, excepting
Nos. 10. & 15. have been found in the vicinity of London.
5. minium Harris^ Expo. t. 29. Jl 2 S - f- ^ ?. — Charp. —
sanguineum Van. L. — Schcef. t. 116./ 1 S ■
6. annulare Zi^a. 7. i\ixcQ.\.\xn\ Charp. p. 18.
8. hastulatum Charp. p. 20? — Schayf. t. 120. f. 5 (S.f. 6 ?.
Is a var. of the next according to Vander Linden.
9. Puella Lhm. — Roesel. 2. iab. 11. f. 7 S- — Schaf. t. 117.
/. 1 %.— Harris, Expo. t. 29. /. 4 (?./. 3 ? ?
10. pulchellum Van. L. — Schcef. t. 120. f. 4^ ?.
June, Cosmore Common, near Glanville's Wootton, Mr.
Dale.
11. zonatum Leach. 12. xanthopterum 5/^?.
13. elegans Van. L. 14. ezonatum Ste.
15.rubellumFaw./v. — CurLB.E.pL732 ? .var. — ruf\pesDale.
Taken by Air. Dale on Parley Heath in July and August :
the specimen figured appears to be a fine variety of Vander
Linden's insect, and I believe it is the true rnjipes of Dale.
Illecehrnm verticillatum, Whorled Knott-grass, from speci-
mens collected in bogs near the Land's End by Mr. William
Branch, was communicated by J. Janson, Esq.
JOS
-^:- l^y i^. ^- fSis
202.
HEMEROBIUS FIMBRIATUS.
Order Neuroptera. Fam. Hemerobiadae Leach.
Hemerobini Lat.
Type of the Genus Hemerobius hirtus Linn.
Hemerobius Linn., Geoff., DeGeer, Fab., Oliv., Lat., Leach, Stew.,
Turt., Sam.
AntenncE inserted between the eyes, on the crown of the head,
moniliform, pubescent, nearly as long as the body, composed of
numerous obovate joints, basal joint the largest, 2nd larger than
the remainder which decrease in length to the apex, where they
become transverse (fig. 1).
Trophi membranous.
Labrum rather broader than long, angles rounded, slightly ci-
liated (2).
Mandibles small, subtrigonate, bent acute, one denticulated
below the centre, the other angulated at the middle (3).
Maxilla terminated by 2 lobes, nearly equal in size, very pu-
bescent at the apex, the external one articulated, extending
beyond the internal one, which is horny at the margin and apex.
Palpi rather long, 5 -jointed, basal joint robust, 2nd short, 3rd
and 4th longer of nearly equal length, 5th the longest, subfusi-
form, thickened externally, the inner edge thin (4).
Mentum dilated at the base, rounded anteriorly. Labium fleshy,
rather long, rounded and pubescent. Palpi nearly as large as
the maxillary, arising from scapes, 3-jointed, basal joint not
short, 3rd nearly as long as the 2 first, subfusiform, thickened
on the outer, membranous on the inner side (5).
Head short, transverse. Eyes small, lateral, prominent. Ocelli none.
Thorax not broader than the head, the prothorax sometimes narrower.
Abdomen slender. Wings 4, vertj much deflexed when at rest, longer
than the abdomen, pubescent, the nervures very numerous especially
in the superior wings and producing hairs. Legs slender. Tibiae
simple. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest, 4th the shortest.
Claws minute, simple. Pulvilli small (8, afore leg).
FlMBRIATUS Nob.
Piceous, pilose. Antennae with the 1st and 2nd joints dull
ochreous. Thorax with an ochraceous line down the middle and
a spot on each side of the same colour, mesothorax variegated
with ochre : the base of the abdomen subferruginous. Wings
tinged with ochre, iridescent, ciliated: superior spotted with
fuscous, the nervures spotted with brown ; inferior with an in-
terrupted fuscous fimbria, across which the nervures are dark
brown, as well as upon a narrow space of the disc. Legs dull
ochre, thighs inclining to piceous, the posterior as well as the
base of their tibiae piceous ; apex of tarsi piceous also.
In the Cabinets of the British Museum and Mr. Dale.
The Hemerobiadae are no less remarkable for their beautifully
reticulated wings and pedicled eggs, than for their singular
appearance and valuable qualities in the larva state, during
which period of their existence they live upon Aj^/iides {plant-
lice), and in conjunction with the larvae of the Coccmellce
(lady-birds); and some of the Syrphidae are of the utmost im-
portance to the hop-grower, by assisting to free him from one
of his greatest enemies. Our readers will be much gratified
by consulting the 3rd volume of Reaumur, who gives figures
of the larvae, &c. on the 32nd plate, and the 1st volume of
Kirby and Spence, where their extraordinary habits are
amusingly related.
We have seen ten or twelve undescribed British species,
besides the following, which have been recorded by the authors
whose names are attached to them ; those which have been
noticed in the Entomologisf s Useful Compendium are preserved
in the British Museum.
1. H. phalaenoides Linn. — Panz. 87. 15. The only indige-
nous specimen I have seen of this fine insect, was
taken last June near I^anark, Scotland, by Mr. H.
Walker.
2. Beckwithii Sam. — June to August, Woods, &c.
3. variegatus Fab. — June, July, and August, upon grass
and alders, Ambleside, Glanville's Wootton Dorset,
and the Ochill Hills near Stirling.
4. obscurus Sain. — June to August. Hedges and Woods.
5. fasciatus Fah.
6. nervosus Fab. — June. Hedges and Woods.
7. hirtus Linn.'— Don. 4. 113. — June and July upon the
Hop and Hazel, Donovan observes, that like the
Hemerobius [Chrysojya) Perla, it is always very brisk
at the approach of a thunder-storm.
8. irroratus Sam. — June. Hedges and Woods.
9. affinis Sam. do. do.
10. lutescens Fab. — DeG. 2. t. 22./! 8. — June, Aug., do.
11. punctatus Tuy^t. do. do.
12. nemoralis Sam. do. do.
and Loch Rannoch, Perthshire.
13. decussatus Sam. — June, Hedges and Woods, Amble-
side ; m. Aug. Dover, and Glanville's Wootton.
14. Pini Sam. — June, Aug. Hedges and Woods in va-
rious parts of England, and Kinnoul and Dunkeld,
Perthshire, Scotland.
15. fimbriatus l^ob. — The specimen figured was found
July 1, 1825, on the grass, at Dundingston Loch,
near Edinburgh, by Mr. Dale ; and in the British
Museum is another, probably from the same spot.
16. crispus Schccf. Icon. pi. 122. f. 2. & 3.
The plant is Betonica oJJicinaUs ( Wood Betony).
li
J28
,y c /is)Jluitaus, Floating Club-rush.
I
^M
w
544.
POLYCENTROPUS IRRORATUS.
Order Trichoptera. Fam. Hydropsychidae.
Type of the Genus, Philopotamus irroratus Curt.
PoLYCENTROPUS and Philopotamus Curt. — Hydropsyche Pictet.
Antenna inserted in front of the crown close to the eyes, a little
longer than the body, rather stout and attenuated, composed of
numerous pubescent joints, the basal one very short and thick,
2nd quadrate, 3rd and 4th oblong, the remainder becoming gra-
dually slender, longer and oval (1, a few basal joints).
Maxillary Palpi long, incurved, pilose and 5-jointed in both
sexes, 2 basal joints short, the latter very pilose, 3rd long and
stout, 4th rather shorter, subclavate and furnished with strong
bristles on the inside as well as the 3rd joint ; 5th slender, as
long as the others united, wrinkled, giving it the appearance of
being composed of numerous cup-shaped joints, the apex ovate
(4).
Mentum somewhat trilobed. Palpi considerably shorter than
the maxillary, pubescent, triarticulate, 2 basal joints very stout,
1st the shortest, somewhat obconic, 2nd truncated obliquely,
3rd longer than the other 2, but much slenderer, membranous,
a little dilated at the base and apparently composed of 12 or 13
joints, the apex ovate (5).
Head rather transverse ovate : eyes lateral and globose : ocelli undis-
covered. Thorax not broader than the head, and rather short. Ab-
domen short and narrow, the apex of the male furnished ivith 2 ovate
lobes beneath, and a process producing 2 divaricating appendages like
claws ; conical in the female. Wings defexed in repose, superior
with 6 furcate terminal nervures and 4 or 5 transverse ones (9) ;
mier'wr folded with S furcate marginal nervures. Legs, hinder pair
the longest : thighs, middle pair a little the longest : tibiae, anterior
short, with a spine on the side before the middle and 2 at the apex
(8); intermediate rather the stoutest, with 2 pair of long spurs, one
pair near to the base (*); posterior jjazV very long and slender, with
two pair of long spurs, one at the apex and another considerably be-
low the middle (f); tarsi long slender and 5-jointed, intermediate a
little dilated and compressed, as well as the apex of the tibia, parti-
cularly in the females ; claws and pulvilli small.
Larv'se living without a case : Pupae with a simple envelope. Pictet.
Irroratus. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 75P.
In the Author's Cabinet.
The present genus is a proof of the necessity of minutely in-
vestigating these curious insects, for although at first sight they
bear a strong resemblance to the true Philopotami, they are
considerably diflPerent in structure : there are no less than 22
spurs on the legs, and the terminal joint in all the palpi is
very remarkable : in the labial especially it has so much the
appearance of numerous cup-shaped joints that 1 am doubtful
whether they may not be membranous articulations.
It appears to me that I have three species of Polycentropi,
which 1 shall proceed to describe, observing that the first of
them may be the H. jlavo-maculata of Mons. Pictet.
1. trimaculatusCwy/. Lond.Sf Edin. Phil. Mag. v. 4, Genus 751,
No. 4.
Male. Expansion scarcely 6 lines. Fuscous with an ochreous
or coppery tinge : head clothed with pale shining hairs;
antennae annulated with the same colour; superior wings
with numerous ochreous round spots, most distinct to-
wards the margin, where they form a line, with fJ in
triangle at the posterior angle; legs dirty ochre.
The above name I applied to this species when 1 had only
a bad specimen, in which most of the spots, excepting the 3
above noticed, were obliterated.
I believe I found this insect twice in a ditch at Horning,
Norfolk, in June.
2. multiguttatus Curt. MSS.
Male, expansion 6, female 8 lines. Fuscous, iridescent : an-
tennae nearly as long as the superior wings in the male,
spotted or annulated with ochre ; superior wings with in-
numerable ochreous spots, with a white dot on a fuscous
space on the interior margin, and an oblique line on the
disc ; posterior tibiae brown, especially the upper side in
the male.
The blacker colour of the upper wings and the hinder tibiae,
and the whitish transparent dot and line on the former, most
evident in the female, distinguish this from the former species.
It appeared in multitudes on the shores of Loch Fad in the
Isle of Bute the beginning of last August.
3. irroratus Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. S't^ c? •
Male, expansion 6f to 8 lines, female 9 lines. Brown, head
and thorax with shining yellowish hairs ; antennae annu-
lated with ochre; superior wings with numerous ochreous
silky spots, close together, but leaving several spaces,
forming 7 or 8 brown patches on the costa, disc, and in-
ferior margin; under wings very iridescent; legs dull
ochreous, with a pale castaneous tint.
The brown spots on the upper wings, most evident in the
males, distinguish this species from the others.
I took specimens the middle of last August in the Isle of
Arran, and the beginning of September I met with others on
large masses of rock in the bed of the river at Cartland Craigs,
a magnificent and highly picturesque ravine near Lanark,
which I visited with Mr. Haliday and Mr. H. Walker.
The Plant is Schoenus nigricans (Black Bog-rush), commu-
nicated by Jas. Paget, Esq.
6oi
'u/:Aj cXt&t*^*-^
73^^3 6
601.
HYDROPSYCHE FULVIPES.
Order Trichoptera. Fam. Hydropsychida?.
Type of the Genus, Pliilopotamus instabilis Curt.
Hydropsyche Pictet. — Philopotamus Cart. — Phryganea Gmel.
Antennce inserted in front of the face, very slender, much longer
than the body, generally longer than the wings, composed of
numerous elongated joints, the basal one robust and subglobose,
2nd small (1).
Labrum transverse, the sides notched, anterior margin convex,
with a lunate membranous pubescent margin (2).
Maxillary palpi long, hairy and 5-jointed, 4 basal joints robust,
1st oblong, 2nd twice as long, 3rd shorter subtrapezate, 4th as
long as the 2nd, 5th as long as the others united, slender,
slightly attenuated and wrinkled or composed of numerous
irregular transverse joints with long hairs on the inside (4).
Labial palpi not half the length of the maxillary, hairy and tri-
articulate, 2 basal joints stout somewhat obtrigonate, truncated
obliquely, 3rd twice as long, but more slender and filiform,
composed of numerous transverse irregular joints having a
wrinkled appearance (5).
Head transverse : eyes lateral and globose : ocelli undiscovered.
Thorax subovate. Abdomen short and linear in the male, termi-
nated by one central and 2 elongated incurved appendages beneath ;
more conical and simple in the female. Wings very much deflexed
in repose ; superior long, narrowed towards the base, truncated ob-
liquely, the apex rounded, with o furcate nervures on the posterior
margin; inferior ovate, with 2 furcate and a trifid nervure at the
centre (9 /). Legs, anterior short, hinder the longest ; tibiae, ante-
rior with 2 spurs at the apex (8), intermediate a little dilated in the
females, spurred at the apex, with a long pair above the middle (*) ,•
hinder with 2 pair of spurs, one pair a little above the apex (f) ■■
tarsi 5-jointed, the intermediate compressed and dilated in the fe-
male (*) .- claws and pulvilli small.
Larvae not living in a case. Pupae with a simple envelope. Pictet.
FuLviPES Curt. Guide, Gen. 75P. — nebulosa P^cM?.
Dark brown ; antennae fulvous, annulated with brown ; head and
neck clothed with griseous hairs ; margins of abdominal segments
pale : superior wings yellow-brown with a rosy hue, obscurely
freckled with ochre, nervures dark, with a small dark dot on the
costa at the apex of the first furcate nervure ; inferior wings
similar in colour but iridescent and less yellow ; legs fulvous ;
thighs fuscous and sometimes the tibiae.
In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.
As this group, which I gave as a section of Philopotamus in
the " Phil. Mag.", comprises the typical species of M.Pictet's
genus Hydropsyche, I have adopted his name : it is nearly re-
lated to Philopotamus and Polycentropus; but is distinguished
from the former by its much longer and slenderer antennae,
as well as by the dilated tarsi of the female intermediate feet ;
from the latter by the absence of the central spur on the an-
terior tibiae; and from both those genera by the trifid nervure
in the inferior wings and differences in the palpi.
The following are British species :
1. instabilis Curt, in Phil. Mag. v. 4. — maculatus Don. v. 16.
pi. 548. 2. — atomaria Pict., Gmcl.P
May, Southgate ; June, bushes and plants near the river,
Ambleside ; July, GlengarifF; several pair on the steam-boat
on Loch Derg and in Galway. As there is a P. maculatus Oliv.
it became necessary to change Donovan's name, and our insect
does not quite agree with Gmelin's description.
2. hibernica Curt. Ochreous ; antennae with slender rings to
the basal joints, head thorax and abdomen fuscous; superior
wings with a few small obscure spots at the base, below the
disc and round the apex and cilia : expanse 12 lines.
I took a male the end of July at Roundstone in Connemara ;
it is readily distinguished by its ochreous nervures.
3. pellucidula Curt. Phil. Mag. — Iseta Pict. ? Head, thorax
and abdomen slale-black ; antennae very long, ochreous
spotted fuscous; wings semitransparent, superior obscurely
freckled with pale fuscous and ochre, margin spotted with
ochre from the stigma to the posterior angle, with 2 long
spots on the inferior margin and the legs ochreous: 14 to 15
lines. — Common in Perthshire in July.
4. lanceolata Curt. Phil. Mag. Wings fuscous, superior slightly
hooked, clothed with shining ochreous pubescence, slightly
freckled, the posterior margin spotted fuscous : 13 lines.
I took a male either in Scotland or near Ambleside.
5. angustipennis Curt. Phil. Mag. Antennas slightly serrated
and annulated ; head and thorax slate-black, abdomen red-
dish black ; wings fuscous, superior with an ochreous tint,
an ochreous oblong spot before, and a round one at the pos-
terior angle, very distinct in the males; legs ochreous, darker
at the base: 10 to 13 lines. — I have taken several in Norfolk.
6. fulvipes Curt. Brit. E7it. pi. 601 ? .
Taken by J. C. Dale, Esq., the end of June, off a hedge,
with a brook running below it, by Muller's Copse, near Glan-
ville's Wootton.
7. ventralis Curt. — angustata? Pict. Antennae shorter than
the wings, annulated ; head and thorax griseous ; abdo-
men slate-colour, beneath silky green or whitish ; wings
subdiaphanous fuscous, superior ochreous, with silky yel-
lowish pubescence and slightly iridescent, a large obscure
ochreous spot on the costa towards the apex, and another
on the interior margin beyond the middle: 6,} lines.
This makes an approach in habit to the genus Tinodes. I
took both sexes in July on the steam-boat on Loch Derg.
The Plant is Char a vulgaris var. /3 (Common Stonewort).
J
51
f^
1
d^l^Jf^^^-^^'"'''^'
^ - / ^ ;2 6'
57.
LEPTOCERUS OCHRACEUS.
Order Trichoptera. Tam. Leptoceridse Leach, Pliryga-
nites Lat.
Type of the Genus *Phryganea iuterrupta lab.
Leptocebus Leach. Phryganea Litin., Fab., Lat.
Antennce inserted between the eyes, setaceous, very long, espe-
cially in the males, porrected, composed of numerous simple joints,
1st and 2nd joints thick, hairy, forming together an obovate club,
3rd joint long, 4th and following shorter, nearly of equal length
(fig- 1.) .
Labruin inflected, broad and coriaceous at the base, narrowed
towards the apex, which is membranaceous quadrate, and hollow
beneath (2.)
Mandibles very minute.
Maxillce membranaceous, small, somewhat trigonate, lying parallel
to the sides of the lip : Palpi very long and hairy, coriaceous at
the base, membranaceous towards the apex, 6-jointed, 1st and 2nd
joints long, robust, 3rd long, slender, bent at its base, 3 following
shorter of nearly equal length (4.)
Menttmt bilobed (5. b.) : Paljn hairy, 3-jointed, articulations of
nearly equal length, terminal joint compressed, flexible (c.)
Lip short, moveable, pubescent, received between the labrum and
mentum (5. a.)
Eyes prominent. Ocelli 2, distant. Abdomen somewhat compressed,
composed of 9 joints, in the male, with a cotisiderable space down
each side covered only with a thin membrane. Superior wings very
much deflexed, ciliated, covered with hairs, having many hairy nerves,
of which the costal and the next to it are the strongest (9.). In-
ferior wings not very large, plicate. Legs elongated. Tibiae opined.
Tarsi h-jointed, 1st joint very long. Claws 2. Pidvilli small (8 a
fore leg.)
Larva inhabiting the water and residing in tubes ^ covered externally with
sand, pebbles, shells, small pieces of grass, ^c.
Pupa resembling the imago, inclosed in the case in which it lived in the
larva state.
OcHKACEUS nob.
Pale and dull ochre colour. Eyes black. Antennae towards their
apex and annulations fuscous. Head and thorax fen-uginous,
the latter with 3 longitudinal fuscous obscure stripes Abdomen
cinereous. Superior wings long, lanceolate, rounded. Cilia
fuscous. Inferior wings semi-transparent. Legs pale.
In the Author's Cabinet.
* The dissections are made from Leptocerus ochraceus.
There are in the cabinets of this country about 130 native
species of the various genera forming the order Trichoptera „
established by Mr. Kirby : of this number the greater portion |
are unnamed and undescribed ; of those that have been noticed
by authors, descriptions may be found in the works of Linnaeus,
Eabricius, and the 13th volume of Latreille's Histoire Natu-
relle.
Neglected as Trichoptera has been, it is difficult if not danger-
ous at present to enter far upon the subject of species. Dr. Leach
divided the order into 12 genera, but no characters have been
published of them even, excepting four, viz. Leptocerus, Odonto-
cerus, Phryganea, and LimnepJdlus.
Of the genus Leptocerus there are probably 20 British species :
the elegant one figured has been selected from its appearing to
be a nondescript ; its rarity does not less entitle it to illustration,
for I have not observed it in any of the cabinets of my friends :
the specimens figured and described were taken by myself resting
upon the paling which surrounds the Regent's Park, in the sum-
mer of 1822 : the end of last August I took 3 from off plants in
a marshy situation near the sea, upon the estate of Sir Thomas
Gooch, bart., Benacre, Suffolk : being certain that those which I
took near town appeared much earlier in the year, I suspected
that they were another species, but I cannot discover the slightest
variation in them.
With the larvae and pupae we are unacquainted ; but little
doubt exists, from their being found in the neighbourhood of
streams or stagnant waters, that they are in their economy Hke
the rest of the family, the beauty of whose habitations as well as
the instinct displayed in the construction of them never fail to
excite our admiration. An investigation of their economy would
in all probability put us in possession of good secondary generic
characters : it would not be attended with any difficulty to those
who live in neighbourhoods where they are found, for the cadis is
well known and celebrated amongst fishermen as a bait, and the
case-worm may be met with in every brook and pond ; the sub-
ject could not but be highly interesting to any one who loves to
explore and study the works of Nature. Whenever such materials
can be obtained as satisfactorily to identify the different stages of
the insect figured, I shall not fail to avail myself of the opportu-
nity of laying them before my readers. -^
The type of the genus {L. interruptus) is figured in Donovan's
Brit. Ins. v. 16. t. 551. The plant figured, upon which L.
ochraceus was found in the autumn, is Epiloh'mm hirsutum
(Large-flowered Willow-herb).
■
il
7^6
c^,.^
716.
MOLANNA ANGUSTATA.
Order Trichoptera. Fam. Leptoceridae.
Type of the Genus, Molanna angustata Curt.
MoLANNA Curt., Step.
Antennce porrected in repose but divaricating, a little longer than
the wings in the male, shorter in the female, rather stout, a little
tapering, pubescent, composed of numerous joints, basal joint
the stoutest, 2nd short, 3rd cup-shaped, longer than the 4th, the
6 following increasing in length, the remainder elongated (1 the
base and apex).
MaxillcE small, with a minute terminal ovate lobe, a little cili-
ated. Palpi much longer than the head, porrected, alike in both
sexes, very hairy, 5 -jointed, basal joint short and the stoutest,
2nd the smallest, semiconical, 3 following long, nearly equal in
length, a little tapering (4).
Mentum terminated by 2 horny oval scales placed obliquely.
Labium rather large, subglobose and inflated. Palpi consider-
ably shorter than the maxillary, very hairy, triarticulate, basal
joint oval, 2nd nearly twice as long and linear, 3rd a little longer,
the apex ovate (5).
Males smaller than the females. Head transverse, hairy : eyes pro-
minent, globose, coarsely granulated and hairy : ocelli none ? Tho-
rax small and oval. Abdomen short linear and clavate, with 2 lobes
at the apex above and 2 horny curved processes beneath in the males ;
thick and obtuse in the female. Wings deflexed in repose, depressed
on the back and compressed behind, long, narrow and rounded at the
apex, superior with a short furcate cell at the apex, a long one beloio
and an oblique nervure above it. Legs with short bristles internally,
anterior the shortest : thighs, anterior the shortest ; middle pair a
little the longest : tibiae, anterior the shortest, with a pair of spurs
at the apex (8), the others with the spurs longer, with a pair also be-
low the middle (*), especially in the hinder tibia, which are the longest
and slenderest and a little flexuose (f) : tarsi long andb-jointed, basal
joint long, the remainder gradually decreasing, but the 4th is not
shorter than the 5th : claws and pulvilli small.
Angustata Curt, in Phil. Mag. — Guide, Gen. 754^.
Male ochreous : head, thorax and abdomen dull castaneous,
head and shoulders clothed with a few coarse ochreous hairs :
eyes black : superior wings silky, nervures brown ; inferior pu-
bescent, pale fuscous with darker nervures ; cilia black next
the abdomen. Female with the superior wings fuscous, being
sparingly clothed with minute silky aureous hairs.
In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale, the Author, &€.
An ample series of fine specimens of Chimarra, which I found
in vast abundance in Ireland, enabled me to study its affinities ;
and it was my intention to place it in the 2ncl edition of my
Guide next before Molanna, but by some accident it was in-
serted between Potomaria and Sericostoma, which in all pro-
bability belong to one genus. Although I still doubt if it be
better located than it was at first, when it was illustrated in
this work (fol. 561), 1 am anxious to correct the palpable error
committed in the Guide, before I proceed to discuss the affi-
nities of Molanna.
This type appears to have been unknown to M. Pictet at
the time iiis Memoir was printed ; we therefore know nothing
of its early oeconomy ; but from its being found in the neigh-
bourhood of deep water, it is no doubt similar to its allies.
It appears to me that its natural situation is between Lepto-
cerus and Odonlocerus. The trophi are considerably like
those of the former genus, as well as the wings, and the long
stout antennae and the whole contour assimilate with those of
the latter group.
The way in which Molanna rests is peculiar, and bears a
striking resemblance at a little distance to the ochreous
Crambi : the antennae, palpi, and breast are pressed close to
the surface on which it stands, the wings are elevated and
somewhat cylindric, enveloping the abdomen, which is of
course concealed, and the legs are spread out: when thus
settled they are rather loath to move, especially the females.
M. angustata I find on paling near the water in the Regent's
Park : the males first come out the end of May ; the females
I do not find until the middle of June; and a few males ap-
pear again the beginning of August. I have never taken it
elsewhere, excepting a single male in a boat whilst I was fish-
ing last August at Henley. With them I find occasionally a
specimen with the palpi, head, and abdomen fuscous, which is
the M. nigripalpis of Stephens.
The plant is Acorns Calamus, Sweet Flag, specimens of
which were transmitted to me by Laurence Sulivan, Esq.,
and others from Wimbledon by J. E. Gray, Esq.
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561.
CHIMARRA MARGINATA.
Order Trichoptera. Fam. Psychomidae.
Type of the Genus, Phryganea marginata Linn.
Chimarra Leach., Curt. — Psychomia ? Pictet. — Phryganea Linn.
Antennce inserted before the eyes, as long as the wings in the
male, shorter in the female, tapering, hairy, composed of nume-
rous oblong joints, basal one stout, subovate, 2nd the shortest, a
few of the following short, apical joint oval (1 the base and apex) .
Labrum minute and trigonate.
Maxillie closely united to the labjum, with a pointed and bristly
terminal lobe. Palpi alike in both sexes, long, curved, com-
pressed, pubescent and 5-jointed, basal joint the broadest, cup-
shaped, 2nd and 3rd very long, the former stoutest at the base
and surrounded with long hairs at the apex, the latter narrowed
at the base, 4th short, subovate, truncated, 5tli twice as long,
the slenderest and somewhat filiform (4).
Mentum suborbicular, truncated at the base, emarginate before.
Palpi not so long as the maxillary, hairy, triarticulate, basal
joint broad, somewhat oblong, 2nd a little shorter, elongate,
obtrigonate, 3rd nearly as long as the other two, slender and
filiform (5).
Head subglobose : eyes lateral, globose and very prominent : ocelli 3,
large, forming a spacious triangle. Thorax rather ovate. Abdo-
men rather short, especially in the male. Wings hairy, slightly de-
flexed when at rest, the superior crossing, the back flattened ; inferior
not folded ; superior with 8 or 9 longitudinal nervures, 3 of them,
forked ; transverse nervures none (9) . Legs, anterior the shortest :
thighs, anterior the broadest but narrow at the apex, intermediate
the longest : tibiae, anterior simple (8), the others spurred at the
apex, the intermediate having a pair above (*), and the hinder tibia:
which are the longest a pair below the middle (f) : tarsi 5-jointed,
intermediate compressed and a little dilated in the female ; basal joint
the longest, 4th small: claws of anterior feet rather long, the others
minute.
Marginata Li'nw. ? — Curt. Guide, Gen. 752. 1.
Smoky black ; basal joint of antennje, face and head, excepting
the crown, clothed with orange hairs ; superior wings margined
with yellow-ochre, the marginal cell being of that colour form-
ing the broadest portion, the cilia the narrowest ; an oblique
nervure furcate at the apex, yellow- ochre, as well as another
beneath it towards the base, inferior wings with the costa ex-
cept at the base and the cilia at the apex of the same colour :
legs ochreous, base of thighs and anterior tarsi at the apex,
fuscous.
In the Author s and other Cabinets.
This highly interesting insect has been described by Linn -Cordulia Curtisii 616
/'/ -Corynopus, St. Farg 656
ib -Crabro subpunctatiis 680
3; -Dasypoda Swammerdamella . .367
/I -Diodontus gracilis 496
^^ -Epeolus variegatus 516
5"R'Ephemera cognata 708
' 7 -Eunienes atricornis 13
•f -Formica ruf a 752
olA-Gorytes bicinctus 524
a^^-Halictus 448
(5. — Hedychrum ardens 38
f"^ -Hemerobius fimbriatus .... 202
- -Heriades truncorum 504
Hydropsyche fulvipes . .
Hylseus dilatatus . . .
Lasioglossmn tricingulum
Leptocerus ochraceus.
Libellula rubicunda . .
Limnephilus elegans . .
Megachile Willughbiella .
M electa punctata . . .
Mellinus sabulosus. . .
Methoca ichiieumonides .
Mimesa, Shuck. . . .
Molanna angustata. .
Mutilla ephippium.
Myrmecina Latreillii .
Nomada Dalii . . .
Odynerus parietinus .
Osmia parietina. . .
Oxybelus argentatus .
Panorpa germanica
Panurgus ursinus . .
Pempbredon unicolor.
Perla cephalotes . .
Philanthus androgynus
Phryganea minor . .
Physoscelis, St. Farg. .
Polycentropus irroratus
Pompilus rufipes . .
Psen equestris . . .
PsithjTus rupestris. .
Psocus fenestratus . .
Raphidia ophiopsis
Rhopalum tibiale . .
Sapyga clavicoruis . .
Saropoda bimaculata .
Tiphia minuta . . .
Trypoxylon clavicerum
Vespa rufa ....
Plate,
601-
373
448
57
712
488
218.
125
580
329-
25
716
77
265
419
137'
222
480
696
101
632
190
273
-(■ir
-3?
-•^^
-io
~c
St
1"
592-
656-
544 'f:~
238-/5
25- -3 3
468' yt.
648-^^^
37- t-
656-/7
532- f
361- Tfr
664-?
652 -/f
760-J?
Folio. Continnation of Errata from Vol. III.
SHI'' last line but one, ybr Aira precox (Early Hair-grass) read Carex dioica mas
(Common Separate-headed Carex). I regret that in their journey from Cam-
bridge the labels were displaced, which led to a transposition of the names.
389 Agriotypus armatus. Mr. Wailes in a letter says, " I took a specimen on the
shore of Derwentwater (amongst the small stones so characteristic of lakes
amongst the older strata,) in April last. It is a female."
395 The characters of $ and ? added to the iigures of the antennffi in the Plate,
have been accidentally transposed, and the signs in the description, lines 14 and
17, have been made to correspond, to prevent further mistakes.
419^ Nomada Dalii was taken at Charmouth, Dorset, May 12, and not in the New Forest.
439 line 34, after centre add and produced behind like a scuteUum which is sometimes.
472^ line 25 for sublunulate one read sublunulate spot.
VOL. IV.
129'' line 4 from the bottom, ybr Llandidus read Llandidno.
202'' ybr Betonica officinalis, &c. read Prunella vulgaris (Self-heal).
ib. last line but 4. for Dundingston read Duddingston.
357 Anthophora Haworthana. Since this species was published I have received
a pair from Dr. Howitt, who takes the sexes near Nottingham : the female is
so similar to that of A. retusa, that the only difference I can discover is in the
colour of the spurs to the tibia;, which a,Te ferruginous, and not dusky or black
as in J. retusa.
448 Lasioylossnm tricingulum. I find that I possess the female of this curious insect.
616 tine 25, after crossing, add with a tooth at the extremity of the inner margin.
632'' last line but one, /or Queckit read Quekett.
652 line ^2, for clavigerum read clavicerum.
712*" line 'il for Dorchester read Doncaster.
732 Agrion ruhellum Van. Lin. : the var. figured is A. avratiliacus of Jlons. de
Selys-Lougchamps.
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