84 f April.

According to Dr. Lundbeck, only two specimens, both ^ (J, have
been taken in Denmark (Jmie, 1910), and it is onlj known elsewhere
from Styria and Hxmgary, so that its occurrence in Scotland is
interesting.

Perhaps I may be allowed to point out that in the figure of the
front leg of JST. aeronetha. (Dipt. Danica, 3, p. 162), the tarsus is repre-
sented as consisting of six joints.

Blaii^wrie, Perthehire .-

February 4th, 1911.

[This species also occurs in England, specimens having been taken by Mr.
Verrall near Leith Hill (Surrey) in June, 1868, and at Tunbridge Wells (Kent)
in June, 1886.— J, E. C.].

^'

NOTE ON JOHN CURTIS' BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY,
1824-1839: 1829-1840 1 and 1862.

/ BY C. DAVIB8 SHBRBOKN AND J. HAETLEY DUBEANT,
fBy ptkwAssion of the Trustees of the British Musevm).

The book consisted of sixteen volumes of twelve parts each, = 192
parts. There were 770 plates (1-769 and 205* dupli^ .ted for Hippar-
chis arcanins) each (first edition) with two pagefi of teJtt.

Parts one and two had five plates each (plates 1-10) : parts 3-59
four plates each (plates 11-238) : part 60 had four plates (plates 239-
241 and an extra plate and text 205* for Hipparchia arcaniws) ; parts
61-192 four plates each (plates 242-769) : total 770 plates. The break |

in part 60 of three consecutively numbered plates, instead of four,
throws out one's calculations, but the total number of plates is re-
adjusted by the additional plate 205.*

One number a month was issued with great regularity, com-
mencing January 1824, and finishing December 1839, so the dates
on the plates may be accepted witli certainty. ^ In the Entomological
Magazine, i, 1833, p. 303, it was annoimced that the British Ento-
mology would appear in alternate months in double parts, and this
arrangement seems to have begun with parts 109-llOi and is noticed
to continue to parts 117 and 118. We have also wrappers for 159 and
160, and 169 and 170, but one niay conjectm^ this to have been on
irregular proceeding, for tlie Linnean Society of London received most
of the parts separately from Curtis Mmself, as seen by the Donation
Book of that Society, itself a most valuable record for many works.
We do not therefore think that there is any need to disturb the dates
given on the plates, at this distance of time, for the sake of a few odd

. »-,tt4iiii&|S&,^a^Jir„*

ini.y

85

bi-monthly issues, which it would be moat difficult now to date with
accuracy.

In 1829 Curtis apparently found liis stock of back numbers
running short, for he began to bring out a second edition. Parts one
to eight were re-written and enlarged, some from two to ten pages,
with alterations of nomenclature and additions; parts nine to thirty
were reset and reprint-ed without alteration or addition ; and parts 31
to 192 were all of the first edition, i.e., one setting and one printing.

The dates and cont-ents of the first eight p^irts of the second
edition are as follows : —

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

6.
7.

1829 contains 4, 2, 4, 2, 2 pp.

post July, 1830 ' „ 2, 4, 6, 4, 2 pp.

..March, 1834
2Jost 1834
post 1835
... 1839
...?1840
...P1840

2, 10, 2, 2 pp.

4, 8, 2, 2 pp.

2, 2, 2, 2 pp.

2, 2, 2, 2 pp.

2, 2, 2, 2 pp.

2, 2. 2, 2 pp.

The only complete copy of original first editicms we have handled
is that l>elonging to the Linnean Society ; the Entomolt^ical Society's
copy (Curtis' own) is " made up " by the replacement of second
editions of the early pai-ts as more up-to-date : so is the copy in the
British Museum (Nat. Hist.) which was the Earl of Sheffield's, but
having a fine copy of the first edition of volume one separately, the
British Museum (Nat. Hist.) does now possess the entire first edition.
A very fine copy of the complete second edition in the original boards
with all the replacing title pages, &c., which are dated " 1823-1840 "
is also in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) as is also IJovell Eeeves'
reprint of the second edition issued in 1862 (to the best of our
knowledge).

As clues to the recognition of the second edition of parts one
to eight may bementioned : —

Part 1, plate 4. PeUades pini becomes in ed. 2... P. denfatus.
„ 2, „ 7. Odeiiesis pini „ „ 2.,.De7idrolinm8

pini, and 2 pp. oU 0. potatoria are added.
„ 3, „ 11. Molorchus minor hecomed ia ed.. 2.., Necydalie

minor. •

„ „ „ 12. Lycaena dispar — figures of larva and pupa

added on plate ; text extended to 10 pp.
„ 4, ,, 16. Peronea is enlarged to 8 pp.
„ 6-8. Although the 2 pp. are adhered to, the material is
altered and increased, with consequently a
crowded second page, as compared with
the swond page in edition one.

It is interesting to note that at this present moment (Jan., 1911)
the 770 original drawings for this beautiful work are being offered for
sale by a well-known London bookseller.

Jf arch 1«{, 1911.

Jj^riStfh^t^M HrlWiltt^i

^ '"^BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY

fxt

ILLUSTRATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS

THE GENERA OF INSECTS

FOUND IN

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND:

CONTAINING

COLOURED FIGURES FROM NATURE

OF THE MOST RARE AND BEAUTIFUL SPECIES,

AND IN MANY INSTANCES

OF THE PLANTS UPON WHICH THEY ARE FOUND.

BY JOHN CURTIS, F.L.S.

HONORARY MEMBKR OF THE ASHMOLEAN SOCIETY OF OXFORD,

OF THE IMPERIAL AND ROYAL ACADEMY OF FLORENCE,

OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC.

VOL. VI.
LEPIDOPTERA, Part IL

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR,

AND SOLD BY

E. ELLIS AND CO., 92 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY ;

SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, STATIONERS' COURT; AND
J. B. BAILLIERE, 219 REGENT STREET.

1823—1840.

i-

PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

TO

THE HON. CHARLES A. HARRIS, F.G.S.,

OF ORIEL COLLEGE, OXFORD,

THIS VOL UM E

IS INSCRIBED,

AS A SINCERE TESTIMONY OF THE

FRIENDSHIP AND ESTEEM OF

THE AUTHOR.

London, December 1, 1834.

TO

WILLIAM SPENCE, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.,

WHOSE WORKS HAVE SO EMINENTLY CONTRIKUTED TO
THE CULTIVATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY,

THIS VOLUME

IS DEDICATED,

AS AN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF MANY OBLIGATIONS,

AND IN TESTIMONY OF THE

SINCERE ESTEEM OF

m

THE AUTHOR.

London, December 1, 1835.

4/^a/

400

424.

PSODOS EQUESTRATA,

The gold four-spot Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalsenidae.

Type of the Genus, Phalaena equestrata Fab.

PsoDOS Treit., Goda, Curt. — Psycophora Kirby, Curt. — Geometra
H'uh. — Phalsena Fab., Haw.

JntenncE alike in both sexes, rather short and setaceous, inserted
near to the eyes on the crown of the head, composed of nume-
rous oblong joints, thickly clothed with short hairs and scales (1).
Maxilla slender and spiral, not so long as the antennse (3).
Labial Palpi rather small, porrected obliquely beyond the head,
parallel, very hairy (4), triarticulate, basal joint slightly curved,
a little the longest and stoutest, 2nd nearly as long but thinner,
3rd minute (4 a).
Head small and very hairy. Eyes small and oval. Thorax hairy. Ab-
domen short and slender, obtuse in the male, conical in the female.
\V\ng!i forming a triangle when at rest? rounded and entire, superior
rather small; cilia even. Legs j hinder pair the longest. Tibiae;
anterior short, vnth an internal spine, the others spurred at the apex,
the posterior with a pair of spurs also below the middle. Tarsi 5-
jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws and Pul villi minute (Sf, hind
leg of male).
Caterpillars unknown, probably loopers with lOfeet.

Equestrata Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gew. 888. 1, — alpinata Hub.

Brown-black, alike on both sides ; with a large elongated irre-
gular oval orange spot towards the posterior margin of each
wing.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The genus Psodos bears so great a resemblance to Breplia
(pi. 121.) in form, structure, and the hairy scales with which it is
clothed, that it forms a beautiful passage from the Noctuidai
to the Phalaenidae, and, on the other hand, Mr. Kirby's genus
Psycophora with its antennae pectinated at the base in the
males, will probably connect Psodos with Biston. Psodos like
Brepha flies by day, and as the larvae are unknown, it is impos-
sible to say if any affinity exists between them in that state.

The five continental species of Psodos are all inhabitants of
elevated regions ; two only of these have been discovered in
these kingdoms, and they are amongst the rarest of our Lepi-
doptera. Duponchel says, there is reason to believe that the

caterpillar of P. equestrata lives upon the Rhododendron hir-
sutuiriy which is not a native of our islands ; it must therefore
feed on more than one plant ; and it might be worth while to
search those Irish mountains on which the Azalea procumbens
grows, as it is the Jplant I should think the nearest allied to
Rhododendron of any that are indigenous.

1. P. equestrata Fab. — Curt. Brit. Ent.jpl. 424.

The two specimens I possess of this very rare and hand-
some moth were taken many years since by Mr. Plastead near
Holwood or Holywell, by Bromley in Kent ; and Mr. Dale
has another, which he obtained from the cabinet of the late
Dr. Abbot. It is very common on the Alps of Dauphiny in
July and August.

2. P. trepidaria Hiib. Geo. pi. 66. / 343. ? . — Goda, v. 8.

pars 1. pi. 208. 1.

Blackish-brown, sprinkled with gray, superior wings
with a dark oblique fascia across the middle, the edges
crenated or sinuated, having a black dot towards the
costa, and an obscure sinuated pale striga near the
posterior margin : inferior wings with the base dark,
terminating in a crenated margin across the middle,
with a black dot towards the superior margin, and a
sinuated pale striga towards the posterior ; cilia gray-
ish black.
Dr. Hooker first discovered this moth "on the very summit
of Schecallion, one of the Breadalbane mountains, and 2564
feet above the level of the sea. At the time I took it (he adds)
the north and east sides of the neighbouring mountains, of
nothing like that elevation, were covered with snow : this was
on the 30th of June. Scarcely any other plant could vege-
tate but TricJiostomum lanuginosiim and a few patches of the fine
Splachnum fastigiatimi. The moth was rapid on wing, tole-
rably plentiful, and rendered doubly difficult to take from the
huge masses of naked rock with which the summit of Sche-
callion is covered, which rendered running dangerous, and
often impracticable."

In our ramble through Scotland in 1825, Mr. Dale and
myself ascended Schecallion on the 11th July, in the hope of
finding this rare moth ; and my friend was so fortunate as to
capture a beautiful specimen which flew out from a crevice of
the rocks, that are so wildly piled together near the summit;
but we could not find another. In France it appears the end
of July or beginning of August.

The Plant is Liniim catliartiaim (Purging Flax).

6/.

U/rJ

I «<• /X)iS<

/J- ndL

615.

NYSSIA ZONARIA.
The belted Beauty.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Geometridae.

Type of the Genus, Geometra zonaria Wien., Verz.

Nyssia Goda, Curt. — Phigalia Goda. — Amphidasis Och. — Geometra
Linn., Haw. — Phalsena Fab.

Antennce short, inserted near to the eyes on the crown of the
head, filiform, scaly, bipectinated in the male, the rays ciliated,
short at the base and apex (1 (^) ; simple in the female, with a
few scattered hairs amongst the scales ( ? ) .
Maxillce none.

Labial palpi small, rather drooping and densely clothed with
long hairs (4) ; triarticulate (a), basal joint the longest and
stoutest, 2nd oblong, 3rd minute, clothed with short scales and
concealed by very long hairs.
Head small and very much concealed under the thorax (7 the profile) ;
eyes small and globose but not prominent. Thorax globose and
woolly : Abdomen short stout and attenuated. Wings, superior sub-
lanceolate ; inferior rather small subovate. Legs very much alike in
size : thighs very woolly : tibiae, anterior with a long slender inter-
nal spine (8), the others with short spurs only at the apex (f),- tarsi
long and 5 -jointed : claws and pulvilU small. Female with 4 small,
spatulate hairy wings.
Larvae loopers, naked, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.
Pupae naked, subterranean. Hiib.

Zonaria Wien., Verz. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 890. 3.

Male white with a yellowish tinge ; rays of antennae blackish ;
thorax with 3 broad black stripes : abdomen black clothed with
ochreous hairs towards the apex, margins of the segments fer-
ruginous : wings with the nervures black, superior with a black
lunule on the disc, beyond which the wing is black, with 2 ob-
lique white slightly waved lines, the 1st being the broadest;
inferior with a broad blackish fimbria, bearing a broad whitish
stripe and a narrow line, sometimes composed of dots, near to
the margin ; cilia blackish : legs black spotted with white.
Female deep black, clothed with whitish woolly hairs, especially
beneath, antennae speckled with white, margins of abdominal
segments ochreous, tips of thighs, tibiae and joints of tarsi white.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

Nyssia has been separated from Biston by M. Duponchel in
consequence of the females being nearly apterous, and the
caterpillars varying in tlieir form. He has also formed a ge-

nus of one of our species from the more ample wings and
smaller abdomen of the male ; it is named

Phigalia.

1 . pilosaria Hilb. -pi. S^.f. 1 76. — Wood 18. 465. — pi umaria Esp.

— pedaria Fab.
Branches of the antennae long and fine in the male ; dull
white, head, thorax and abdomen cinereous; wings very
ample, freckled with brown, superior with 4 sinuated va-
riegated strigae ; inferior with 2 and much paler : 1 and |
inch to 1 inch 1 1 lines expanse.
End of March, trunks of trees and paling near London,

Cheshire and Salop. The larva feeds on the oak, birch, black-

and white-thorns, and the elm.

Nyssia.

2. hispidaria Fah. — Wood 18. 466. — Ursularia Don. 13. 447.
Antennae ochreous, head thorax and abdomen brown ; su-
perior wings paler, freckled, with a curved striga near the
base, another bicurved beyond the middle, with a spot or
indistinct striga between them, and a stronger denticulated
one near the cilia, which are spotted ; inferior wings pale,
with an obscure striga : expanse 1 5 lines.

End of February, trunks of oaks and sallows ; 28th January
Mr. Raddon ; 10th March bred by Mr. Cocks of High Bick-
ington; end of September Weston on the Green, Mr. Mat-
thews; also at Birch and Coomb Woods and Richmond Park.

The N. Tauaria Newm. Ent. Mag. seems to be merely a
variety ; it was taken in June at Leominster.

3. zonaria W. V.—Curt. Brit. Ent. pi 615 S-^' ? •

This beautiful addition to our Lepidoptera was first disco-
vered near the Black-rock, on the Cheshire side of the river
Mersey, in April 1829, by a friend of Mr. S. Carter, to whom
I am indebted for my specimens ; and he informs me that in
February 1832 a male was taken near Warrington, that last
March he found many pairs on the sands and resting on the
grass near the Black-rock. It is recorded also in the Ent.
Mag. that Mr. N. Cook took a male on rushes about half a
mile below the Black-rock, near Liverpool, in September 1832,
and several of both sexes the middle of the same month in the
following year: in February 1833 Mr. B. Cooke bred a fe-
male, and about the same time a considerable number of the
moths were found; and during the same month in 1834 they
were so abundant that he could scarcely walk without tread-
ing on them.

The caterpillar lives principally upon the Achillea Millefo-
lium (pi. 19.), Salvia pratensiSf and Centaurea jacea, and I
hope that the figure of it from Hubner may lead to its disco-
very in this country.

The Plant is Veronica hederifolia, Ivy-leaved Speedwell.

//J

i.^Uh 4, J: e>a/ti.> C^: / ^SijC

3-/ ^<^ ^

113.

ALCIS SERICEARIA.

The Satin Beauty.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus Phalsena repandata Linn.

Alcis 'Nobis. Phalaena Linn., Fab. Geometra Haw., Hub. Heme-
rophila Steph.

AntenncE inserted between the eyes, filiform, bipectinated in the
males, simple towards the apex ; branches ciliated, arising near
the centre of the joint (1) : simple, hairy beneath, with a bristle
arising from each joint in the females (la).
Labrum and Mandibles larger than usual (2).
MaxillcE long slender, furnished with distinct tentacula towards
the apex (3).

Labial palpi porrected, visible viewed from above, not hairy,
thickly covered with broad scales very much lengthened beneath,
terminal joint not quite concealed (4), 3-jointed, basal joint
long, recurved, 2nd nearly as long, 3rd ovate, very minute (4 a).
Males smaller than the females. Eyes rather large, parallel in front
(7). Wings ample, extended horizontally, superior trigonate, infe-
rior slightly indented. Abdomen long, linear, somewhat truncated
in the males, shorter and conical in the females. Legs rather long
and slender. Anterior tibia short, with a long spine on the internal
edge. Posterior very long, robust, hollow, furnished, with 2 pair of
spurs, a longitudinal suture and a tuft of long silky hair arising at
the base, and concealed in the tibia when at rest (8t). Tarsi 5-
jointed, posterior short.
Caterpillars loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Sebiceabia Nobis.

Silky brown, speckled irregularly with ochre. Rachis of antennae
pale, rays fuscous. Palpi and head brown; neck, base of an-
tennae, and a space above the eyes ochre ; sides of thorax pale.
Abdomen somewhat black, minutely speckled with ochre, the
margins of the segments and the apex of the same colour. Su-
perior wings the darkest, a space at the base very dark, a trans-
verse spot near the middle black, an indented transverse line
beyond the spot and an obscure interrupted waved line near the
posterior margin : nervures dark. Inferior wings fuscous at their
base, a transverse obscure spot towards the centre, beyond which
is a waved transverse line, dark on the internal, light on the ex-
ternal edge, limb speckled with longish ochraceous spots. Cilia
somewhat striped with ochre, margins of wings with 6 or 7 irre-
gular black spots on each.
Var. /3. Very pale testaceous, clouded with ochre instead of brown.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Stone and the Author.

Alois may be distinguished from Bupalus, by the males being
invariably smaller than the females; the eyes are larger and
not so distant in front, the palpi are more porrected, shorter,
and not hairy, the maxillae are very long, the antennae are not
pectinated to the apex : the singular character of the hind legs,
which 1 believe has never before been noticed, is very difficult
to detect, except by dissection ; the 8th and 9th species do not
possess it, and possibly some of the others, of which I either
had not males, or they were too valuable to be examined.
Many of the Lepidoptera have their legs, especially the pos-
terior, furnished with brushes of hair, most probably to balance
them in their flight ; but none are more curious than those of
the males of Aids ; the posterior tibiae are very long and ro-
bust, and on the internal side may be traced a longitudinal
suture extending the whole length, which from the tibia being
hollow can no doubt be opened and the long brush of silky
hair may be exserted at the pleasure of the insect. The fol-
lowing are our British species.

1. Alcis Kohorar'ia Fab., Don. v. 15. pL 527.

2. sericearia Nob.

3. consortaria Fab., Doji. 10. 333. 2.

4. conversaria Hub., Don. 15. 514.

5. destrigaria Haw. 276. 11.

6. repandaria Linn., Don. 10. 333. 1.

7. muraria Nob.

8. rhomboidaria Hub,

9. Australaria Nob.

10. consobrinaria Haw.

1 1 . fimbriaria Hub. ?

Several females and one male of the nondescript figured were
taken last July near Lyndhurst in the New Forest, and are
now in the cabinet of Mr. Stone, to whom I am indebted for
the species as well as for the loan of the beautiful male repre-
sented in the plate. It is probably an oak-feeder, one of the
females having been found upon the trunk of that tree, and
the other specimens having been beat out of the branches.

A. 7nuraria is a new species that I found upon walls in the
Isle of Arran ; it is nearest allied to A. repandaria ; it is how-
ever smaller, of an uniform gray, more speckled, and the
markings are more obscure.

A. Australaria is an insect from the western counties, re-
sembling A. rhomboidaria, but having a deep ochraceous tinge
with powerful markings : for the specimen in my cabinet I am
indebted to Charles Lyell, Esq., who took it in the New
Forest, Hampshire.

Epilobium tctragonum (Square-stalked Willow-herb) is the
plant represented in the plate.

ss

W- //y 'J&j.iJ,^ J',^ru.im Od / ^

88.
CLEORA CINCTARIA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat.^ Leach.

Type of the Genus Phalsena cinctaria Hub.

Cleoha Nob. Phalaena Linn., Fab., Lat., Leach. Geometra Hub.,
Haw.

Antennae inserted close to the eyes near the crown of the head,
setaceous long and slender, covered with long scales above, hairy
beneath, each joint having a io^w larger bristles upon its anterior
margin (f. 2, 3 joints magnified),
Maxillce slender, not so long as the antennas (3).
Labial palpi 2, projecting obliquely a little beyond the head, ob-
tuse, thickly covered with short broad scales which extend con-
siderably beyond the terminal joint (4), 3-jointed, 1st joint
curved upward from the base, 2nd filiform somewhat truncated,
3rd small oval (4 a).
Wings extended horizontally, undivided, slightly indented. Abdomen
robust and conical in the females. Legs rather robust. Anterior
tibiae longer than the basal joint of the tarsus, with a short com-
pressed spine on the internal edge, concealed by long scales, 2nd pair
terminated by 2 spurs, the hinder pair having 4 spurs, 2 of which are
at the apex. Claws distinct, bent. Pul villi distinct (8 a fore leg) .
Caterpillars loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet.

Cinctaria Hwfcwer's Lep. Geom. 1. Amplissimce F, PI. 31./. \&Q.fem.
Whitish, variegated and minutely spotted with brown. Clypeus
with a black line above the palpi. Abdomen with a white narrow
band at the base and a dark one following it, with a double row
of black spots down the back. Superior wings variegated with
ochraceous, especially towards the base and posterior margin
where they are darkest, 2 transverse black curved lines near the
base and another crenated one beyond an oval ocellus in the
centre, with a pale sinuated one near to and parallel with the
margin. Inferior wings paler, with an ocellus in the centre, a
transverse sinuated stripe internally black, externally white, a
shorter one near the base, and one entirely pale near the margin.
Posterior margins of wings indented, with a black line. Cilia al-
ternately fuscous and ochraceous.

Var. a. darker with a black line across the anterior part of the
thorax, which is ferruginous on the sides. Abdomen wanting
the transverse black fascia.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The great mass of insects which has hitherto been compre-
hended under the appellations Phalcena and Geometra^ renders

it necessary that the groups should be separated and formed
into new genera : this, however, is a difficult task, and the la-
bourer in the field of science must be contented in the first
instance to give a general outline ; the minutiae required to
establish satisfactory characters can only be obtained by ex-
tensive and repeated investigation. With such manifest ob-
stacles in an Order, the classification of vv^hich has been so
much neglected, it becomes an arduous undertaking: it is
therefore with considerable hesitation that the subject of the
present article has been constituted into the type of a new
genus ; and had it not been perfectly new to this country, it
would not at present have been laid before our readers.

After examining 7 specimens, 3 of which were British, I
could discover no difference in the structure of the antennae,
which from their simple form indicate the female sex, although
the abdomens of the paler specimens, being slightly contracted
towards the base, at first led me to believe that these speci-
mens were males : if such be the case, the variety described is
p female. I am, however, inclined to think that the males
have not been detected at present, and that they will be found
to possess ciliated, not pectinated, antennae; in which case they
will associate with the following species.

1. Geometra tetragonaria Haiso. MSS.

2.

abietaria Huh.

S.

crepuscularia Huh.

4.

consonaria Hzih.

5.

punctularia Huh.

6.

extersaria Huh.

For the introduction of this rare species into our Fauna we
are indebted to J. C. Dale, Esq., who first took it on the
trunk of an Oak near Brockenhurst, Hants, June 2nd, 1823;
a 2nd specimen upon the trunk of a Scotch Fir, Parley Heath,
May 11th, 1824; and a 3rd near Lyndhurst, May 31st, 1824-.
It has this year again appeared in the New Forest, where I
am informed 2 specimens were captured.

The plant figured is Hedysarum Onohnicliis (Cock's Head,
or Sainfoin).

2^S

d^M^-:6Ycf.1$.A&.ay. Ii8%8

225.

SPERANZA SYLVARIA.

The Rannoch Geometra.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalsenidse Lat, Leach.

Type of the Genus Speranza sylvaria Nob.

Spbranza Nob. Phalsena Fab. Geometra Hub., Haw.

Antennce inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes, se-
taceous, composed of numerous oblong joints the basal one large
globose ; each producing 2 ciliated branches in the males (1), —
excepting at the apex (lb), and they are much shorter towards
the base ; simple in the females and ciliated beneath (2).
Maxillce spiral and slender, nearly as long as the antennae, with
a few tentacula at the apex (3).

Labial palpi porrected nearly horizontally, thickly clothed with

scales, the apical joint distinct (4) ; triarticulate, basal and 2nd

joints of equal length, the former slightly curved, 3rd minute (4 a) .

Head small. Abdomen slender, linear in the male, somewhat conical

in the female. Wings, superior of the male with a small protuberance

on the upper side, near the base, which is hollow and naked beneath

(9 a). Legs long; thighs very long. Tibiae, anterior with a spine

on the internal side (8), the others with a pair of spurs at the apex,

the posterior producing a pair above the apex. Tarsi very long and

slender, 5-jointed. Claws and pulvilli minute.

Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet?

Sylvaria Nobis.

Male, fulvous orange. Superior wings lurid, the costa spotted
with orange ; 4 darker sinuated strigae across each wing, the 2nd
from the base being nearly straight, and a small dark spot in the
middle ; inferior wings obscurely and minutely speckled with
fuscous, having 2 obscure curved lines and a dull spot between
them. Cilia pale fuscous. Beneath orange, speckled with a
deeper colour.

Female dull orange, freckled with brown, the strigae broader and
more distinct than in the male, the spot in the upper wings more
obscure. Beneath pale orange, the strigae and spots ferruginous.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

It will be only necessary to state that the genus Fidonia of
Ochsenheimer contains PlialcEna heparata, Geometra aiiro-
raria, limharia^ Piniaria^ atomaria^ defoliaria, &c., to show
how difficult it is to determine, especially without the cha-
racters, which is to be considered the type in such a hete-
rogeneous mass ; this will be a sufficient reason for my con-
stituting a distinct genus of the two insects hereafter recorded,
which are remarkably characterized by the protuberance at
the base of the upper wings of the males, which is visible to
the naked eye. From Alcis our genus may be distinguished
by the equal size of the two sexes and the simple hinder tibiae,
and from Bupalus and Fidonia by the want of pectinations
towards the apex of the male antennae.

I can find only two species that will associate with the genus.

1. S. sylvaria Nob.

This insect was unknown to Entomologists (unless the
G. Pinetaria of Hiibner be the female) until Mr. Dale and
myself had the good fortune to discover it in Scotland. We
saw the males flying in some abundance on the 14th July in
the heat of the day, over the high heath which covers the hil-
locks amongst the pine-trees in Black-wood, near the shores
of Loch Rannoch : the only female taken I brushed out of
the heath at the same time.

2. S. limbaria Fab., Syst. Ent. 624. 24'.—Ent. Syst. 3. pars 2.

141. 46.— /Zaw. 286. ^0.— Harris, Expo.pl. 5,f. 4. —
conspicuaria Hilb. pi. 22. 117. 118.
There are certainly two broods of this moth in a year, as I
have taken specimens in Birch-wood the beginning of May
and the end of July, and it is found as late as August. It is
attached to broom-fields, and like S. sylvaria, flies during the
day ; and the female is the rarer sex.

The plant is Melampyrum pratense (Meadow Cow- wheat),
which 1 believe was in flower in Black-wood at the time.

<35

v.m.

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33.
BUPALUS FAVILLACEARIUS.

The Gray Scollop.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Geometridae.

Type of the Genus, Georaetra favillacearia Hiib.

BuPALusieftcA., Curt. — Fidonia Och., Goda. — Geometrai/M^., Haw.

— Phalsena Linn., Fab.

Antenna inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,

bipectinated to the apex in the males (1), the branches ciliated

above (Iff); pubescent beneath in the females, the apex of each

joint furnished with a bristle (2).

Maxillte very short, twice as long as the palpi, rather broad

and flat (3).

Labial palpi covered with scales, slightly hairy beneath (4) ;

very small, slightly recurved (7 a), triarticulate, basal joint

very long, curved at the base, 2nd half as long and linear, 3rd

very minute and globose (4 a).
Males larger than the females. Head short and globose, the crown
scaly ; eyes prominent and globose (7, the face). Thorax clothed
with woolly scales. Wmgsjlat and forming a perfect triangle in re-
pose; margins entire and convex : cilia equal. Abdomen slender and
tufted in the male, stouter and conical in the female. Legs, hinder
considerably the longest : thighs long and slender : tibiae, anterior
with a very long slender internal spine ; intermediate with a pair of
long spurs at the apex ; hinder very long and slender, ivith 2 pair
of spurs, one pair considerably beloiv the middle : tarsi, posterior
rather the shortest, 5-jointed ; claws and pulvilli distinct (8, afore
leg).
Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet P

Favillacearius Hiib. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 894. 3. — Belgiaria/ZM^. $ .
Male silky grayish-white, slightly tinged with ochreous, freckled
with irregular minute dots : superior wings with a piceous in-
dented transverse striga towards the base, another waved and
oblique one beyond the middle, dentated internally, with 2
large fuscous patches outside and a long piceous spot on the
disc, the nervures forming a line of dark dots at the base of the
cilia : inferior wings with a dentated waved dark striga beyond
the middle and a dark sj^ot on the disc : cilia brownish- ochre :
eyes, antennae and legs dark brown. Female more freckled,
nervures of superior wings ochreous ; inferior wings sometimes
fuscous, excepting the posterior margin.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

BuPALUs was established by Dr. Leach, who proposed
P. piniaria Linn, as the type : I have retained his name to the
species figured, as it stood so in our first edition; but the
structure is so different to any of the allied species, that it
must form a new genus: ihe three species may be charac-
terized as follows :

512

I. BuPALUS. Palpi sJiorty hirsute : maxillcE longish : rays of
antennce long.

1. piniarius-Zfrnw. — Don. 10. p/. 336. (5^. — Wood, pi. 18./.

4.53. (J. ? . — Tiliaria Linn. ? .

The larvae of this species, which hatch at the end of May,
and are found until the end of October, have killed immense
numbers of the Scotch fir, in a forest in the neighbourhood of
Strasbourg, by devouring the leaves.

Discovered by my brother in Pine groves at Benacre,
Suffolk, in June : the females are very rare and secrete them-
selves in the grass, and when they alight they carry their
wings erect. It has been found I believe in Birch-wood, also
at Ramsdown, Hants, by Mr. Dale, and it is abundant in
Scotland. It is remarkable that the rays of the antennae are
longer in the northern than they are in the southern specimens.

II. Palpi scaly ^ a little porrected : maxillce longish : rays of

antemice long.

2. ericetarius Vill. — Wood, pi. \ 8./457.(?. — plumistriaria J^u^.
July, I took several males amongst heath at Black-gang-
chine : both sexes abundant the 4th August on heaths, Rams-
down and all round Heron Court, also on Urisbeg Moun-
tain, Connemara, but very much worn^ the 1st August; Sep-
tember in various parts of Surrey.

III. M^siA Step. Palpi short a7id scaly : maxilla short : rays

of antennce short.

3. favillacearia Hiib. — Curt. B. E. pi. 33. S' ? • — mediopunc-
taria Don.

Hubner appears to have placed masculine antennae on his
fig. 140. pi. 26., which is the female of his G. favillacearia.
This beautiful species was first noticed, I believe, by Harris
in his Aurelian, as an inhabitant of our island ; it was subse-
quently taken in Yorkshire by Mr. Haworth, and latterly by
Mr. Dale in great beauty and abundance on West Parley
heath, near Ringwood, and Merry-town heath, Hants, and
during a visit to that county he was so obliging as to point
out the locality to me. The sexes are found together, but the
female is rare, from the middle of May to the middle of July
on heaths, resting where the turf has been pared off, espe-
cially in moist situations : from the moth being so different in
colour to the black peat it would be easily detected, were it
not for its strong resemblance to the pale, broken pebbles scat-
tered about ; and it is perhaps the most easy of all insects to
capture, for nothing apparently will induce it to fly during
the day : late in the evening I have taken the males flying
very sluggishly near Lyndhurst. It has also been observed
in Scotland and near Manchester.

The plant figured is Tormentilla crecta. Common or Offi-
cinal Tormentil, which was growing where the moths were
taken.

jj67

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/

467.

ASPILATES GILVARIA.

The Straw or Dover Belle.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Phalsena purpuraria Linn.
AspiLATEs Treit., Goda.,Curt. — Cabera Och. — Geometra//M6., Haw.
— Phalsena Linn.

Antenna inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
setaceous, clothed with scales, bipectinated in the males nearly
to the apex, each joint producing 2 ciliated branches (1(^) :
simple in the females, the scales giving them a serrated ap-
pearance beneath (19).

MaxillcE spiral, slender and not half so long as the antennae (3).

Labial Palpi porrected nearly horizontally and clothed with

short scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint the stoutest and

curved, 2nd the longest, slender and nearly linear, 3rd small

elongate -ovate (4 a).

Males generally larger than the females. Head short and rounded.

Thorax globose and clothed with depressed hairy scales. Abdomen

long, slender and slightly tufted in the male, stouter and conical at

the apex in the female. Wings forming a triangle when at rest,

entire ; superior elongate -trig onate, less pointed in the male than

female ; inferior trig onate- orbicular , narrower in the female and less

rounded. Legs long and slender. Tibise, anterior the shortest,

iinth a very long slender spine on the inside, intermediate spurred at

the apex, posterior very long with a pair of short spurs at the apex,

and an unequal and longer pair below the middle (8 f) . Tarsi long

and 5 -jointed. Claws and Pulvilli minute.

Obs. A. gilvaria was the species dissected.

Caterpillar naked, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet, the

apex apparently forked.
Pujja enclosed in a loose web upon the earth.

Gilvaria Hiib. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 895. 3.

Pale ochre or straw colour ; rays of the antennae and eyes black :
abdomen whitish ochre : superior wings freckled with brown,
having a dot towards the disc and an oblique bar extending
from the interior margin to the apex, of the same colour ; infe-
rior wings whitish ochre, with a spot and a transverse line more
or less apparent; the cilia ochreous. Underside with the brown
spots and stripes more apparent, but the superior are not freckled
and there is a dusky patch at the base of the costa ; the infe-
rior wings are strongly freckled : inside of legs dusky.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

I HAVE repeatedly expressed an opinion that the genera in Le-
pidoptera are so perfectly artificial, that Entomologists will
never probably agree in the extent and formation of them.

The present genus does not appear to me to be sufficiently
distinct from Bupalus on the one hand, nor from Cabera on
the other, to warrant their being separated ; I shall therefore
add the species belonging to the latter group. The males fly
during the day and are much more abundant in some of the
species than the other sex.

1. A. ^urparana L.— Hub. Geo.pl. 38./ 198 & 199. — Goda.

pi. 179./ 1. 2. & 3.
The Caterpillar feeds on the Poli/gonum aviciilare (pi. 5).
Specimens of the Moth are in Mr. Swainson's Cabinet, but I
do not know where they were captured ; I found it not uncom-
mon in France near Montpellier, the middle of June.

2. A. citraria Hilb. pi. 40. / 212. & pL 103. / 336 & 537.—

Goda.pl. l78.f.4'SL5.
June, July and August, flying in clover fields at the back of
the Isle of Wight, and amongst the Eryngium maritimum (pi.
53), beyond the Castle, Portsmouth ; Studland heath, near the
Agglestone, Isle of Purbeck, and Lulworth Cove, Mr. Dale.

3. A. gilvaria Hiib.—Curt. Brit. Eiit. pi. 467 J & ? .

From the middle of July to the end of August, behind the
Castle at Dover in abundance. The larva which is copied
from Hlibner, feeds on the Achillea millefolium (pi. 19).

4. A. plumbaria F. — Goda. p/. 181. 1. — palumbaria Hiib. 42.

221.
End of May and June, on heaths and grassy places in woods
everywhere ; a fine variety near Edinburgh, Mr. Dale. Al-
though this forms part of the genus Phasiane of Godart, I
think it would arrange better with Gen. 907 of my Guide, the
Eubolia of the same Author.

5. A. respersaria HzVi. 23. 125. — strigillaria Esp. — Hilb. 104.

540 & 541. var. — Goda.pl. 171. 1. — inasquaria Haiso.
288. 44. •var.
June and beginning of July, Kent, open parts in Coombe
Wood, the New Forest, Parley Heath, and Glanville's Woot-
ton, Mr. Dale.

Gen. 896. Cabera Treit.

1 . C. exanthemaria Esp. — Goda. pi. 171. 3 . — striaria Hilb. 1 7.

88. — arenosaria Haw. 289. 48. mr.— a})proximaria
Haw. 289. 49. var.
May to the end of June, in moist woods.

2. C. pusaria L.—Hilb. 17. SI.— Goda. 171. 2.

Middle of May, hedges : the larva, which is different to
that of the former species, feeds upon Birch, Sallow, Beech,
and particularly Alder.

3. C. rotundaria Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 289. 50.
May, moist woods.

The Plant is Poa bidbosa (Bulbous Meadow-grass), commu-
nicated by C. J. Paget, Esq., from Yarmoudi Denes, Norfolk.

MJnn>

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300.

HIPPARCHUS SMARAGDARIUS.

The Essex Emerald.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat.^ Leach.

Type of the Genus, Phalsena Papilionaria Linn.

HippARCHus Lea., Sam. — Hemithea Goda. — Geometra Hub., Haw.,
Treit. — Phalsena Linn. Fab.

AntenncE inserted on the crown of the head, setaceous, pecti-
nated in the males almost to the apex, each joint being covered
with scales above and producing on each side a clavate ciliated
branch (1).

Maxilla: spiral, much shorter than the antennae, rather robust
and only slightly ciliated at the apex (3).

Labial Palpi porrected nearly horizontally, covered with scales,
hairy above and below, the terminal joint appearing naked and
distinct (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint short, 2nd long and slightly
attenuated, 3rd short spear-shaped (4a), the edges being rigid
and compressed, and the apex acute in the male, but not in the
female.
Head broad, clothed with hairy scales on the crown, with imbricated
ones in front. Eyes subovate. Thorax and body often robust, the
latter sublinear in the males, ovate-conic in the females. Wings ex-
tended obliquely when at rest, the superior covering the inferior, the
latter sometimes slightly angulated. Legs long, hinder pair the
shortest. Tibiae ; anterior short, producing a dilated spine on the
internal side, the others spurred, posterior robust with two pair of
spurs, most developed in the females, the lower ones being the longest.
Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint very long in the 4 anterior, the posterior
much shorter. Claws and pulvilli distinct (Sf hind leg of male).
Caterpillars loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Smaragdarius Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 3. pars 2. p. 1 5 1 . n. 81.

Female. Green : Antennae whitish, underside and palpi ochreous ;
eyes blackish. Thorax with the anterior scales margined with
ochre ; superior wings with the costa of the same colour, 2 si-
nuated pale ochreous strigae, one before, the other beyond the
middle, between which is a whitish spot. Abdomen, upper por-
tion of the inferior wings and the extremity of the cilia whitish.
Legs yellowish white, thighs green, anterior tibiae subferruginous
on the inside. Underside with the outer striga continued round
the inferior wings, in the disc of which is a whitish spot as in the
superior wings.

In the Cabinet of Mr. C. Parsons.

Dr. Leach having characterized this genus several years
since, his name has been adopted. I have excluded two
species of Treitschke's group, in consequence of the antennae
being simple in both sexes ; one, P. Thipniaria^ has been
already attached to my genus Macaria; and the other, P. viri-
data, Linn, probably belongs to the same group.
The following are British insects.

1. H. putatarius Linn. Hww. — Hiib. pi. 2. Jl 10. — End of

May ; open places in woods. The G. j^irugmaria,
Hiib. 9. 4-6, appears to me to be the same insect faded,
and my specimens agree better with it than with the
former, excepting in size.

2. H. vernarius Liim. — Hub. 2. 7. — lucidata Do7i. 3. 97. — vo-

lutaria Haw. — End of July ; chalky places, birch-
wood, &c.

3. H. Smaragdarius Fab. — Hiih. 1. 1, represents the female

which Godart has copied ; and in these figures there
is a white line round the inferior wings, which was
not visible on the upper sides of the specimen re-
presented in our Plate. For the loan of this rare
insect, which is unique as British, I am indebted to
Mr. C. Parsons, of the Lawn, Southchurch, Essex.
Mr. Parsons found the caterpillar in that neighbour-
hood, and the moth was hatched the 30th June, 1826.

4. H. papilionaria Linn. — Hiib. 2. 6. — Don. 8. 287. 1. Haio.

— End of July ; in woods and the vicinity of alders,
meadows.

5. H. Cythisaria Hiib. pi. \. f. 2. — prasinaria Fab. Haw. —

Genistaria Goda. pi. 152. 2. — Beginning of July;
grassy places. This insect, as well as most of the other
species, frequently fade very much by keeping ; it is
therefore possible that the G. coronillaria of Hiib-
ner, tab. 93, may be only a gray variety, but it has
never been observed in this country.

6. H. Bajularia Hiib. 1. 3. — Goda. — ditaria Fab. — Don. 6.

202. 1. — June and July; open parts in woods, at
Birch-wood, Kent, &c.

7. H. Prunaria Linn. Haw. — Sepp. v. 2. pi. 8 & 9. — Don.

1. 21. and v. 9. 293. 3 var. — Corylaria Esp. var. —

End of June ; shady groves and skirts of woods, Kent,

Norfolk, &c.

The last two insects depart from the other species in some

respects, but it is better to include them here than to make

new genera for them.

The plant is Oxalis acetosella (Wood Sorrel).

007

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667.

ENNOMOS ANGULARIA.
The clouded August Thorn.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Geometridae.

Type of the Genus, Geometra angularia HiXh.

Ennomos Och., Goda, Curt. — Geometra Linn., H'lib., Haw., Step. —
Phaleena Fab.

Antennce inserted close to the eyes, towards the base of the head,
bipectinated in the males to the apex (1 c^), the rays long,
slender, and ciliated on both sides with short curved hairs, and
a few fine bristles at the apex ; simple in the females (1 $ ), but
slightly serrated, the internal angles being produced.
Maxillce very short and spiral, rather broad and flat, not longer
than the palpi (3).

Labial palpi projecting a little obliquely beyond the head, form-
ing a beak, very hairy (4), tapering, triarticulate, basal joint the
stoutest, lunate, 2nd rather more slender, and about the same
length, 3rd shorter and slenderer (4 a).
Head small and short, the scales projecting in a point in front (7 *) ••
eyes comparatively large and hemispherical. Thorax rather small,
woolly. Abdomen long, linear and dilated at the apex, with horny
appendages in the male ; shorter stouter and conical at the apex in
the female. Wings, superior subtrigonate, posterior margin bi-
sinuated ; inferior trigonate-ovate with a lobe at the centre of the
margin : cilia very short. Legs moderate : thighs not long : tibiae,
anterior short, with a hairy internal spine, the others with short
sjmrs at the apex, hinder a little the longest, with a pair of short
spurs also a little above the apex (8 f) .• tarsi long slender and 5-
••ointed, hinder rather the shortest; claws and pulvilli minute.
Larvae loopers, smooth but tubercled, with 6 pectoral and 4 anal feet :
Pupae subterranean.

Angularia Hilb. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 902. 9.

Male bright ochreous, superior wings more or less brown, leaving
a fascia of the ground colour across the disc, margined by a dark
brovvTi striga, the inner one curved and angulated at the costa,
the outer one straight, but curved towards the costa, which it
joins obliquely ; a brown dot on the disc, the posterior portion
of the wings freckled : inferior wings dark ochre at the margin,
with a dark striga before the middle : cilia dark brown edged
with white. Female with the superior wings beautifully but
irregularly freckled with brown, the strigae strong and inclining
to lead colour, nervures partially ferruginous ; inferior wings
faintly freckled with lead colour, strongest towards the margin.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This handsome group of Moths is distinguished from thegreater
part of the Geometridfc by the shape of the wings as well as

by the masculine antennae, which are pectinated to the apex.
'I'liey have the peculiarity of restin*^ during the day somewhat
hke the Papilionidae, with their wings erect; but I beheve at
night when in perfect repose the superior cover the inferior
wings ; and it seems they are sometimes spread, as Dr. Leach
describes them, " horizontally extended."

The following British species form 2 sections.

* Wings indent ed : rays of antennce short.

1. Juliana Haw. — Wood, pi. 19./! 482. var. — ustularia Don.
3. 82.

July, paths in woods and plantations. I think Capt. Chawner
has bred this and the following insect irom eggs laid by one
female.

2. illunariai///!,6. — Wood, 19. 481. — bilunaria, unilunaria£s/».
March and April, shady groves, woods, and lanes; July,

Mr. Wailes.

3. lunaria Fab.— Don. 4. 132.— Wood, 19. 483.

Widely distributed yet not abundant. June Scotland, Am-
bleside, and Enborne, Mr. Dale ; Coomb, Darent, and other
woods near London.

4. delunaria Hiib. — Wood, 19. 484. A variety of the former
species probably, which has been found at Birch Wood in
June or July.

5. sublunaria Step. III. pi. 28./ I.— Wood, 19. 486.
From Derbyshire.

6. illustraria Hiib. — Wood, 19. 487. — quadrilunaria Esp.
Hare : May and June Birch Wood, New Forest, and near

Axbridge, Mr. Sireatlield.

** Wings lobed : rays of antennce rather long.

7. fuscantaria Ha-^a. — Wood, 19. 485. — Cai-pinaria Ha'w. var.
Siourton Caundle, Mr. D. Serrell.

8. erosaria Hub. — Wood, 18. 476. — queicinaria Hub. — cras-
i^iiviix Fab. — Tiliaria Esp. — ochraria Wood, 18. 475.

End of August, ISe})lember, lime trees; October, a male on
Saltpans, Pegwell Bay.

9. angularia Hiib. — Curt. B. E. ^;/. 667. S 9 • — carpinaria
Hcib.^. — erosaria ii\sy?. — Que rcaria Hiib, — Wood, 19. 47fc».
Aug. and beginning of Sept. thickets and plantations near

London on lime trees. The larva is copied from Hlibner.

10. Tiliaria Hiib.— Wood, 18. 473. c^ 1^. 480 S ■ var. ?— Cana-
ria Hiib. — Wood, 18. 474.

End of August, woods lound London, Glanvillc's Wootton,
and as far north as Cumberland.

11. Alniaria Linn. ] believe is not British, but it is common
on the elms in the environs of Paris.

The Plant introduced, to which most of the 2nd section are
attached, h Tiliu europaja, Bioad-leaved Linden or Liuie-tree.

707

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Is^'n3^

707.

EUBOLIA CERVINARIA.

The Mallow Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Georaetridse.

Type of the Genus, Phalaena Chenopodiata Linn.

EuBOLiA Goda., Curt. — Larentia Treit. — Geometra Linn., Hiib.,
Haw.

AntenncB inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
rather short, setaceous, bipectinated in the males, each joint
producing a pair of shortish clavate pubescent rays, with a
bristle at the apex of each (1) : pubescent beneath, with a few
bristles in the females (2).

Maxillce as long as the antennae, slender and spiral (3).
Labial palpi porrected horizontally, a little beyond the head,
the points meeting and forming a beak, densely clothed with
scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint the longest and stoutest,
curved at the base, 2nd a little shorter, much slenderer and
nearly linear {a).
Head small ; eyes rather large and globose (7, the profile). Thorax
small. Abdomen longish, linear, the apex obtuse and tufted in the
males, conical in the females. 'Wings forming a triangle in repose,
superior semifolliform ; inferior ovate-trig onate ; cilia moderate.
Legs long and slender : thighs, intermediate the longest : tibiae, an-
terior short, with an internal spine, intermediate slender and clavate,
with a pair of short strong spines at the apex ; hinder longer and
stouter, with a pair of unequal stoutish spurs at the apex, and a pair
below the middle longer and slenderer : tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint
long : claws and pulvilli minute. (Sf, the hind leg).
Larvae loopers, naked, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Cervinaria Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 907. 1.

Silky ; reddish brown, superior wings with a small space at
the base and a narrowish fascia across the middle, a Uttle dilated
at the costa, dark brown, the edges of both waved and bordered
with a whitish line, posterior margin dark with a serrated white
line and a dark streak at the apex : inferior wings pale fuscous,
the lower portion lighter, the margin dark reddish brown with
an indistinct whitish crenated line.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

MoNS. DupoNCHEL has included in his genus Eubolia many
of my Zerynthiae (fol. 296), which, however artificial our ar-
rangement of the Lepidoptera may be, are readily distinguished
by the longer rays of the masculine antenna?, and these are
not armed at the apex with a bristle as in Eubolia. C. pro-
■pugnata also forms a part of his group, an insect which belongs
to a different section, owing to the simple antennae of the
males ; it is a true Cidaria. Great confusion has also been

made with the 2n(l species, which has induced me to re-examine
the Linnaean Cabinet : there 1 find three specimens ahke, one
labelled Chcnoipodiata apparently in the younger Linne's auto-
graph, with another Phalaena by the side unnamed ; it is the
P. mceniaria Fab. which I once took in the forest of Fontain-
bleau. P. comitata has also a label bearing that name in the
same hand writing, and there is another specimen labelled do-
tata^ which is a species figured by Clerck ; but on referring to
tab. 5. f. 15, I find his insect is the P. Spinachiata Haw. and
the G. marmorata Hiib. I therefore consider that the En-
glish Lepidopterists are right regarding those Phalaenidae,
and in order to identify the species I shall add the essential
characters of Nos. 2 and 3.

1. cervinaria Hilb. — Curt. Brit. Eiit. pi. 707 c^. — clavaria

Haiio.

In perfect specimens the upper wings have a bloom upon
them, and the pale band across the middle is obliterated as in
the male figured in our plate.

Found on mallows the middle of October, and the larva
feeds on those plants : my figure is copied from Hiibner.

2. Chenopodiata Linn. — Wood, pi. 20. f. 5^5. — mensurata
Hi'ih. Goda.

Superior wings tawny or reddish fuscous, with numerous
undulating lines ; a fascia in the middle bearing a black dot
and a dark oblique line at the apex : inferior wings of the
male with 2 or 3 darker lines beyond the centre which is of a
lighter colour, the margins darker, those of the female paler :
16 to 18 lines in expanse.

End of June to Sept. in bushy places, in such abundance,
that it has obtained the appellation of the Aurelians' plague.
The larva feeds on Bromus arvejisis.

3. bipunctaria Fab. — Wood, pi. 21, f. 5^1.

Wings cinereous-white, with numerous waved lines; a
fascia across the middle, the margins fuscous and crenated,
with a double black dot on the disc : 16 to 17 lines.

Chalky places, middle of July to middle of August abund-
ant amongst coarse grass near Mickleham ; the Castle-hill,
Dover ; and Niton in the Isle of Wight. The larva feeds
on Trifolium pratense and Lolium perenne.

The plant is Althcca officinalis. Common Marsh Mallow.

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296.
ZERYNTHIA LATENTARIA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat., Leach.
Type of the Genus, Phalsena didymata Linn.

Zerynthia Noh. — Cidaria Zerene and Fidonia Treit. — Geometra
Hub., Haw. — Phalaena Linn., Fab., Lat., Don.
Antenncs inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
rather short, pectinated in the males, composed of numerous ob-
long joints covered with scales above, each producing 2 long pu-
bescent branches (1), excepting 2 or 3 at the base ; towards the
apex they become short, and several of the terminal joints have
none (lb); in the females they are quite simple (2).
Maxill(E the length of the antennae, spiral, furnished with pe-
duncled glands at the apex (3).

Labial Palpi short, clothed with scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal
and 2nd joints not very long, of equal length, the former curved,
the latter straight, 3rd minute subglobose (4 a).
Head s/jorL Eyes globose (7). Thorax lobed. Abdomen slender,
linear and obtuse in the males, ovate-conic in the females. Wings,
superior subtrigonate ; inferior not very ample. Thighs, hinder rather
short. Tibiae, anterior short with a spine on the internal side, middle
and posterior spurred, the latter long with a pair of spurs below the
middle. Tarsi longer than the tibice in the anterior and shorter in
the other legs, the basal joint the longest. Claws and Pulvilli mi-
nute (8t, a hind leg).
Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Latentaria Nob.

Cinereous, minutely freckled with black. Superior wings varie-
gated with a tint of ochre, having 7 or 8 irregular waved strigae,
darkest at the costa, the space between two forming a more or
less decided bar across the middle, the external margin of which
is crenate and edged with a whitish line ; in the centre is a black
dot ; posterior margin with 7 pairs of black dots ; the cilia ma-
culated. Inferior wings duller, with a black point between the
base and middle, beyond which are a few indistinct irregular and
waved lines, some of them forming an obscure fimbria; the mar-
gin having 6 pair of black dots, and the cilia slightly maculated.
Body with the segments whitish at the margins. Legs annulated.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

Most of the followincr species are included in the genus Ci-
daria by Treitschke, but as the antennae of the male in his first
species [PlialcEna propugnata F.), which I presume is the type,
ai'e merely ciliated and not pectinated, it has become necessary
to designate the succeeding group by another name.

1. Z. munitata. Hiib. pi. 66./. 346.— /faw). 328. 34-?

I first took a female of this rare moth on the Ochil Hills
near Stirling, the 5th July ; on the 20th, a male in a damp
spot upon a heath near Killin; and soon after, others in the
Isle of Bute ; and subsequently Mr. Dale, Mr. Marshall and
myself, captured several amongst coarse grass on the sides of
Skiddaw. It is said also to be common at Westerham in Kent,
amongst Pine-trees, the beginning of June and end of Sep-
tember. 1 should not have put a query to the reference to
Mr. Haworth's work, as he quotes Hdbner's figure, had he not
also referred to Donovan's Phalaiia tristrigaria, v^^hich is a
male with simple antennae, and probably a variety of Pha-
Icena variata Hub.

2. Z. 4-fasciaria L. — Hwiso. 307. TOO.— Ligustrata Hiib. 55.
282 fern. — End of June, trunks of trees and gardens, Norfolk
and Suffolk, and end of July, hedges, Hertford.

3. Z. unidentaria. Haw. 308. 101. — 4-fasciata. Hub. 55.
284- fern. — Middle of May, Coomb Wood ; June and August,
amongst Elms.

4. Z. ferrugaria L. — Haw.— Hub. 55. 285 mas. var. and
89. 460 fern. var. — Salicaria Haw. var. — Very common in
May and June in hedges.

5. Z. olivaria. Hub. 59. 307.— H«to.— End of August;
Birch-trees, Kent, and trunks of Beech-trees, Inverary, and
sides of rocks at the Trossacks.

6. Z. latentaria. Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 296. — Taken in abun-
dance by Mr. Dale and myself on walls and rocks near Am-
bleside, 8th June.

7. Z. Salicata. Hiib. 53. 273. — This is distinguished from
the last by its smaller size; and the wings, especially the in-
ferior, are scarcely at all freckled. Mr. Dale first discovered
this in Scotland, and I think Mr. Marshall has taken it near
Keswick, the end of August.

8. Z. didymaria Z..— i/a;w.— scabrata. Hiib. 44. 229 mas,
var. P — End of July, Kent, Norfolk, Yorkshire, and Scotland.

9. Z. viridaria. Fab. Si/st. Ent.— Haw.— m'lata. Hiib. 57. 292.
— pectinitaria. Don. 14. 479. 1. — June, open parts in Woods.

1 0. Z. fluctuata L. — Hiib. 48. 249.— J/aw.— May, gardens.

11. Z. costovata. Haw. 334. 54.— Probably a variety of the
last; May, hedges.

12. Z. imphcata rij7/. — Haw. — montanata. Hiib. 4>8. 248 fern.
— May and June, open places in Woods.

13. Z. Vauaria Z..— Wauaria. Hiib. 11. 55.— Don. 6. 196.
— V-nigraria Haw. var. — Ent. Tratis. pi. 7. f. 3. — Jure and
Julv, o-ardens. This species does not associate well with the
others, but at present I know of no better situation for it.

The plant is Carduus {Cnicus) arvensis (Creeping Thistle).

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759.
VENUSIA CAMBRICA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenida.

Type of the Genus, Venusia Cambrica.

Venttsia Curt.

AntentKB inserted close to the eyes, on each side of the crown,
rather short, setaceous, scaly and bipectinated in the male (1),
the rays close, short, clavate and ciliated, becoming very short
towards and vanishing at the apex.

Maxilla spiral, not so long apparently as the antennae (3).
Palpi very short, not projecting beyond the head, nearly hori-
zontal, slightly curved and scaly (4) , triarticulate ?
Head small subglobose, densely clothed with close scales (7, the pro-
file) : eyes moderate, oval. Thorax subglobose. Abdomen some-
what linear, the apex a little tufted in the male. Wings probably
forming a triangle in repose : superior subtrigonate-ovate : inferior
trigonaie-ovate : cilia shortish. Legs rather long and slender :
thighs rather long : tibiae, anterior short, with an internal spine,
the others long and slender, with a pair of short spurs at the apex,
the hinder the longest, with a pair also a little above the apex (8 j,
a hind leg) : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint the longest : claws awe? pul-
villi minute.

Cambrica. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 907^.

Light bright gray, freckled with pale brown : antennae yellow-
ish-brown ; a transverse band on the forehead and the palpi
dark brown : superior wings with numerous sinuated strigse
forming patches on the costa : basal striga a black thin line, a
pale brown pair next ; another fine dark pair, not symmetrical,
before the middle, and a pair beyond it, the inner one black as
well as the nervures, where they intersect it, the other is broader
and yellowish-brown, and there is a pair of crenated brown
strigse towards the posterior margin, the points on the nervures
black, the outer striga faint ; a line of 7 sublunate brown spots
at the base of the cilia : inferior wings white with a delicate
pair of strigse across the middle, and a crenated pair towards
the margin, all darkest at the interior margin, 6 or 7 brown
lunate marks at the base of the cilia, which are white in all the
wings.

In Mr. Dale's Cabinet.

This pretty little moth appears to be so nearly allied to the
genus Zerynthia (pi. 296), that I should not have given a fi-
gure and description of it here, had it not been an undescribed
and very interesting species, from the approach which it makes
to Oporahia muUistrigaria; indeed I should have included it

in that genus, but it is doubtful whether it may not be ne-
cessary to remove the Oporabia to the genus before us : the
antennae are similar, but the wings have not the contour and
texture of the type of Oporabia which those of O. muUistrigaria
have ; this last species has been included by the author of the
' Illustrations' in the genus Larentia (Eubolia B. E. pi. 707),
with which it cannot be naturally associated.

Oporabia dilutata is characterized by very ample superior,
and rather elongated and narrow inferior wings, and the mas-
culine antennae are merely ciliated.

O. muUistrigaria has less ample but similarly formed wings,
with the masculine antennae bipectinated, the rays short.

Venusia Cambrica has more compact wings, formed like
those of Zerynthia, but the markings bear a greater resemblance
to Oporabia or Lobophora (pi. 81). It is possible that the
discovery of the female might lead to the settling of its affini-
ties, but that sex is at present unknown.

The only specimen I have seen of V. Cambrica was taken
at Hafod in Cardigan, near the Devil's Bridge, and was given
to J. C. Dale, Esq., by Mr. House, of Clifton, near Bristol.

For beautiful specimens of Mespilus germanicus, Medlar-
tree, I am indebted to Mr. Luxford, who gathered them last
June between Reygate and Nutfield, Surrey.

44/

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447.

EPHYRA PICTARIA.

The Kent Mocha or Grey Carpel.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalagnidae.

Type of the Genus, Geometra punctaria Linn.

Ephyra Godn, Curt. — Cyclopliora & Cleora Steph. — Cabera Treit. —
Geometra Linn., Haw.

Antennae inserted on the crown of the head, short, bipectinated
in the males, the rays pubescent, a considerable portion of the
apex simple and only pubescent beneath (1); without rays in
the female (7?).

Maailla: spiral and slender, considerably shorter than the an-
tennse (3).

Labial Palpi slender, porrected obliquely and sparingly clothed
with scales (4); trijirticulate, basal joint a little the longest and
stoutest, curved, 2nd neaily as long and stout, 3rd shorter and
slender (4 a).
Sexe?, alike in size. Hend small : eyes globose. Thonix small. Ab-
domen short and slender, obtuse in the males. Wings spread when
at rest j superior elongate-trigonate, apex slightly falcated ; inferior
triangular but rounded. Legs slender : tibiee, anterior short, with
an internal spine ; posterior long slender and terminated by a pair of
short obtuse spurs in the mole ((5*8); slightly inflated in the female,
the apical spurs longer and unequal, with another pair a little above
them (8 9) : tarsi o-jointed.
Caterpillars loopers, attenuated towards the head, with 6 pectoral,

2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. — Fues.
Pupse either attached by the tail and the middle (Hiib.); or inclosed in
a thin web. — Fues.

PicTARiA Thunb. ? — Curt. Guide, Gen. 910. 9.

Female, grey with a slight reddish tint, freckled and glossy ;
the tufts down the back of the abdomen white : superior wings
slightly scabrous, with an indistinct dark line before and another
beyond the middle, waved and crenated, forming a fascia consi-
derably broader at the costa than below, with a spot of the same
tint near the disc, on the posterior margin is a line of undefined
pale spots on each of which is a black dot ; inferior wings dirty
white, the abdominal and posterior margins freckled with brown
and tinted with cinereous, a crenated line across the middle,
darkest on the anal margin and a line of dark brown spots on
the external margin : cilia cinereous, freckled with brown.

In the Author s Cabinet.

This pretty genus varies from all the family I have hitherto
illustrated in having a long terminal joint to the palpi ; and no

one that I am aware of has noticed the difference in the hinder
tibiee, which have only one pair of spurs in the males, but two
pair in the females.

Hiibner represents the larvae of G. pendularia as perfect
loopers, and the pupae with truncated heads and attached by
the tail, with a thread round the body like Pontia, (the com-
mon White Butterfly,) but Fuessley in illustrating the trans-
formations of G. Onojiaria delineates the larvae as imperfect
loopers, and the chrysalis inclosed in a fine web.

1. E. trilinearia BorJc.—Goda^ pi. 111. f. 6. & 7. — linearia

Hub. & Haw. — Woods, Kent; beginning June near
Lyndhurst, J. C.

2. E. punctaria L., Haw. — subangularia Haw. var. — com-

munifasciata Don. 13. 456. — End of May and Aug.,
open places in woods. — The Larva feeds on the Oak.

3. E. poraria L., Goda, 17'2. 1. — punctaria Hiib. — ocellaria

Haw. & Steph. — End of May, woods ; beginning of
June, Coomb-wood, J. C, also end of August. — Obs.
The G. ocellaria Hiib., recorded by Mr. Stephens as a
British insect, has never been found in this country
that I am aware of.

5. E. omlcronaria Hub., Haw., Goda, 172. 7. — annularia jPa^.

End of May, June and August, Darent-wood, J. C.
—The Caterpillar feeds on the Maple {pi. 328).

6. E. pendularia L. — Hiib., Haw., Goda, 172. 5. — circularia

Fab. — End of May, Birch-trees, Coomb and Birch
woods, J. C. ; also end of August. — The Larva feeds
on Birch {pi. 4'34-), and Alder.

7. E. albicincta Haw. 344. 86. — A specimen was taken near

Peckham many years back, and is in Mr. Hatchett's
Cabinet.

8. E. orbicularia //z/&.. Haw., Goda, 172. 6. — Middle of June,

Coomb-wood ; in a garden at Lambeth, Mr. Sa-
mouelle, near Brockenhurst, New Forest.

9. E. pictaria Thimb. ? — Curt. B. E. pi. 447. — Although the

male of this rare insect is unknown, and it has been
placed in my Genus Cleora, I have little doubt of this
being its natural situation. Mr. Jos. Standish took
3 off some paling on Dartford Heath, Kent; the finest
on the 17th of April 1820, and the other two, which
were rather wasted, on the 1st of May 1826; a very
fine specimen was found at the same place the middle
of April, and another near Charing, in the same
county, by Thomas Marshall, Esq.
The Plant is Poterium Sanguisorba (Upland Burnet).

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105.
CHARISSA OPERARIA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalsenidae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus Geometra obscuraria Hilb.

Charissa Nobis. Phalaena Linn., Fab., Lat., Leach. Geometra
Hub., Haw.

Antennae arising from the back part of the head, rather robust,
long-, attenuated at both ends, composed of numerous transverse
joints, with a few short scales above, hairy beneath, compressed
and produced internally in the males (fig. 1 a), slender and se-
taceous in the females.

Labrum and Mandibles minute, the latter ciliated internally.
Maxillce long, ciliated towards their extremity (3).
Labial palpi not so long as the head, nearly straight, not pro-
jecting like a beak, nor contiguous, sparingly covered with
scales (4), 3-jointed, 1st joint long, curved only at the base, 2nd
shorter, 3rd minute ovate (4 a).
Head small, covered with short close scales. Wings extended hori-
zontally, undivided, superior trigonnte, apex acute, margins indented,
especially in the inferior wings. Abdomen long, slender and obtuse
in the males, shorter and subconic in the females. Anterior tibiae
short, with an internal spine, '2nd pair with spurs at their apex, the
posterior with 2 pair of ■spurs, sometimes subclavate in the males (Sf).
Tarsi 5 -join ted, the basal joint in the anterior pair as long as the
tibia. Claws simple, minute.
Caterpillars loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet?

Operaria Hiibner's Lep. pi. 69./. 359.

Dull gray, variegated and tinged with pale ochre, glossy. An-
tennse dull ferruginous. Thorax and abdomen gray, speckled
with whitish scales, the latter darkest at the edges of the seg-
ments. Wings rather narrow, superior dark gray irregularly
variegated with white scales, an obscure transverse curved fascia
towards the base, another beyond the middle, parallel to the pos-
terior margin, sinuated, and a pale indented one near to the same
margin ; 7 minute black spots at the base of the cilia, and a large
obscure one near the middle approaching the costa. Inferior
wings like the superior in colour, with a sinuated obscure fascia
near the centre, pale at the external edge, and a paler one nearer,
parallel to the margin, upon which there are a few minute black
spots and a larger very obscure one between the fascia and the
base. Beneath pale silvery gray variegated ; the fascia and cen-
tral spots very obscure.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The pectinations of the antennae in the males, which give a
robust and compressed appearance to them, will enable us to
distinguish the individuals that compose this genus, which ap-
proaches very near to Cleora, and appears to be conterminous,
and to unite the extensive groups designated as Geometra and
Phalccna by Mr. Haworth and other authors. The shortness
of the palpi (which are often nearly vertical, the ends only ap-
pearing from above) and the high point of insertion of the
maxillae are peculiar, as well as the clavate posterior legs of
the males, which is, however, a partial character, not being
very evident in C operaria^ although it is in the type.
The British species that this genus comprises are,

1. Charissa operaria Hiib. — Nob.

2. serotinaria Hiib. — Hatv. Lep. Brit. 311. 107.

3. pullaria Hiib. — Hatso. Lep. Brit. 314. 115. —

Phalsena quadripustulana Don. Brit. Ins.
V. 13.pl. 463.

4. obscuraria Hiib. — Haw. Lep. Brit. 314. 116.
On the 26th July, whilst at the Isle of Bute, I took 2 males

(one of which is figured) of Charissa operaria : Mr. Dale cap-
tured 2 others and a female soon after in the Isle of Arran.
The species of this genus are generally attached to heathy si-
tuations : our insect secreted itself amona-st the stones of the

o

walls so peculiar to the North, and upon being disturbed took
shelter amongst the fern during the day ; and in the evening
we never saw them.

The hills in Bute were covered with heath, upon which we
found C. operaria ,- and about a mile from Rothsay, the plant
figured, Gentiana campestris^FioiA Gentian), was in flower there
at the time.

C&^.4.c/&

280.

BOARMIA TETRAGONARIA.

The Brindled Square-spot.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus, Geometra consonavia Hub.

BoARMiA Treit. — Vhaisena Linn., Fab., Steph. — Geometra Hm^., Haw.
AntenncE inserted on the crown of the head, setaceous, clothed
with scales above, composed of numerous joints, each producing
a series of long curved hairs in the males (1) ; simple in the
females.

MaxillcE not so long as the antennae (3).

Labial palpi short, porrected horizontally, thickly clothed with
short scales (4) ; triarticulate, 1st and 2nd joints of equal
length, the former curved, the latter oval, 3rd very minute (4 a).
Head small. Eyes large globose {7 a). Thorax not large. Abdomen
rather long, slender, and attenuated in the males ; shorter, subcorn-
eal or acuminated in the females. Wings extended horizontally when
at rest, superior subtrigonate, inferior with the viargin deeply in-
dented. Legs, anterior with the tibice producing a broad lobe at
the middle, ciliated on the inside and acuminated at the apex,
the others spurred, the hinder ones with a pair towards the middle.
Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint as long as the tibia. Claws simple.
Pulvilli distinct, each side producing a ciliated lobe or appendage.
Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet.

Tetragonaria Haw. MSS.

Dirty white, freckled with black. Antennee spotted with brown.
Thorax with the tips of the anterior scales brown. Abdomen
with the 2nd joint brown, darkest at the base. Anterior wings
clouded with brown ; a brownish curved fascia towards the base,
the edges irregularly darker, across the middle runs a very ob-
scure and broken line, divided or forming a loop near the costa,
beyond are 2 pale sinuated lines, the 1st interrupted and edged
v/ith black, the 2nd somewhat dentated, between them is a large
brown spot at the costa and a square one of the same colour in
the centre ; the space between the 2nd striga and the posterior
margin (which is dotted with black) is clouded with brown, dark-
est a little below the apex. Inferior wings with a small unspotted
space at the base, followed by a thickly dotted one ; 2 indented
broken lines across the middle, darkest at the abdominal margin,
with a lunular spot between them, beyond the 2nd are two
brown waved strigse and a series of brown dots on the margin
which is crenate-serrate.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

When I published, a few years since, the type of my genus
Cleora, I unfortunately had not a male ; and from the appear-
ance of the females I was led to think that the insects which
form the present group Boarmia would associate with them.
Mr. Lyell having kindly presented me with this male of Cleora
cinctaria^ I find it has beautifully pectinated antennae similar
to those of Alcis ; whereas in Boarmia they are pilose beneath
in this sex, each joint producing across the middle a line of
long curved hairs. The palpi are short and densely clothed
with scales : the anterior tarsi are furnished with a broad spine
near the middle, externally covered with scales, acute at the
apex, and emarginate on one side, where it is ciliated with
long hairs. There can be little doubt that this spine is the
analogue of that which we find attached to the anterior tibiae in
the Hymenoptera ; but in the Lepidoptera it is placed further
from the apex, and I am not able to determine for what pur-
poses it is intended.

The British species of Boarmia are

1. B. tetragonaria Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 280.

The female figured I found upon the trunk of a tree
in Birch-wood, the 6th of May 1821 ; it was cold
and windy, with sunshine and sudden showers.

2. B. Abietaria HWiSo. 276. 14.

The moth is found in woods on the trunks of trees
the end of March. This is not the G. Ahietaria of
Hiibner, which is not only differently marked, but
the antennae are strongly pectinated, and it is pro-
bably my Alcis Australaria.

3. B. crepuscularia JF/w5. ^/. SO.f. 158. — Hwdo.

July, skirts of woods.

4. B. consonaria Hiib. pi. 30. Jl 157. — Haw.

Middle of May, trunks of trees. Coomb-wood.

5. B. strigularia Steph.

6. B. extersaria Hilb. pi. SO.f. 159. — Haw.

In woods, the beginning of July.

7. B. punctularia Hiib. pi. 61./. 317. — Haw.

Trunks of birch-trees, the middle of May, in Birch-
and Coomb- woods.
The plant is Oph'^s [Aceras Brown) anthropopJiora (Green
Man-orchis).

V2>

703.

HYBERNIA DEFOLIARIA.

The mottled Umber Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Geometra defoliaria Linn.

Hybernia Lat., Goda., Curt. — Fidonia Treit. — Geometra Linn.,
Hiib., Haw.

Antenna inserted on each side of the crown close to the eyes,
rather short, setaceous, clothed with scales, bipectinated in the
males, the joints producing 2 teeth on each side, with a series
of curled hairs projecting from the apex (1).
MaxillcE very short, not longer than the labial palpi, forming 2
lanceolate lobes, very broad at the middle (3), with a small
Palpus attached at the base, composed of 3 joints, 1st minute,
2nd much larger, obovate, with some long scales above, 3rd
very minute (a).

Labial palpi very small, horizontal, clothed with long scales
beneath (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint the longest and largest,
curved at the base, 2nd short subturbinate, 3rd a little smaller
and subovate (4 «).

Trophi of females similar but a little shorter, especially the
Palpi.
Male: head small and short (7): eyes lateral and globose. Thorax
small. Abdomen neither long nor stout, slightly tapering, tufted at
the apex. Wings very ample, forming a triangle in repose : supe-
rior elongate-trigonate, the apex perfectly rounded : inferior trigo-
nate-ovate : cilia moderate. Legs slender : thighs equal : tibiae,
anterior the shortest with an internal spine, the others with spurs at
the apex, very short in the hinder, with a pair also considerably be-
low the middle (8 f) : tarsi 5 -jointed, anterior the longest: claws
and pulvilli minute. Female apterous or ivith rudimentary wings.
Abdomen elongate-conic : oVidiMCt short and pilose. Legs stoutish ;
anterior tibice without spines.
Larvae loopers, slightly hairy, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal
feet.

Defoliaria Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 914. 3.

Ochreous, with large purplish freckles : superior wings with a
brown curved fascia near the base, more or less irregular, and
another of the same colour beyond the middle, with the edges
very much sinuated and often edged with dark brown, a large
blackish dot on the disk and a few brown spots on the cilia to-
wards the apex : inferior wings with a pale livid spot on the
centre. Female yellowish white, spotted with blue-black :
thorax with 4 spots, a double line of large spots down the back
and the legs blue-black, the thighs and tibiae annulated with
white.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The males of this genus are remarkable for their handsome,
large delicate wings, whilst the females on the contrary are
totally destitute of them, in the typical species.

Fortunately in this country the larvae are never known to
do any mischief, but in France the caterpillars of the species
figured sometimes do very extensive injury by destroying the
leaves, especially of fruit trees ; but M. Duponchel mentions
an admirable plan for checking their ravages : it is by wash-
ing a space round the base with a glutinous matter, so that
the femaleSj as they pass up the trunk in order to lay their
eggs upon the leaves, may be entangled by the gluten and
perish, and he adds that by the destruction of one female the
birth of 300 caterpillars at least is prevented. Shaking the
trees smartly is also effective by causing the larvae to fall, but
it is likewise injurious to the fruit.

1. stictaria il/aw. — capreolaria j^^p. Wood, pi. 18. J". 461. —
progemmaria Hiib. — connectaria Haw. var. Wood,/. 462.
Middle of February to end of March, paling, Regent's Park;

Newcastle; Epping; Glanville's Wootton and Enborne, Mr.
Dale. — connectaria Oct. Nov. and Dec, Epping and round
London. The larva feeds on the oak and birch.

2. prosapiaria hinn. Wood, J] 463. — aurantiaria Hiib. — testa-
cearia Vill. var.

In woods the end of October, trunks of trees. Coomb and
Darent Woods; Epping; not uncommon at Southgate ; from
1 1 th Nov. to 23rd Dec. at Glanville's Wootton, Mr. Dale :
also near Edinburgh. Larva on oak, hornbeam, and birch.

3. defoliaria Linn. Curt. B. E. pi. 703 c? . ? .

The larva, which feeds on the oak, lime, alder, &c., is copied
from Hiibner : the moth, which is extremely variable in colour,
is found on the trunks of trees the end of October; Mr.
Heysham has taken it in Cumberland as well as the forego-
ing. Glanville's Wootton, from 5tli Nov. to 15th Dec, Mr.
Dale.

Anisopteryx Step. — Female 'with rudimeiitary *wings.

4. leucophaearia Hub. Wood, f. 459. — nigricaria Haw. var. —
luctuaria Ha'oo. ? .

January and February, trunks of trees, and females in April.
Capt. Chawner has taken this sex paired with the male of
H. stictaria!

3. jEscularia Hilb. Wood,f. 460. March, on paling.
Cheimatobia Step,

6. rupicapraria Hub. Wood, pi. 23. f. 641. — primaria Mars.
Antennae bipectinated in the male. Jan. and Feb. hedges.

7. brumata Linn. Wood, 640. — vulgaris Ste. Antennae with
short cilia on both sides. Nov. Dec and Jan. on paling and
hedges.

The Plant is Abuts glutinosa. Common Alder.

6'//

^a

4mJ7

611.
PACHYCNEMIA HIPPOCASTANARIA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidse.

Type of the Genus, Geometra Hippocastanaria Huh.

Pachycnemia Step., Curt. — Chesias Och., Goda. — Geometra and
Alsophila Hub. — Phalaena ? Haw.

Antenna rather short, inserted close to the eyes on the crown
of the head, slightly tliickened in the middle and serrated in the
male (I), clothed with scales above, pubescent beneath.
MaxilliB nearly as long as the antennae, slender and spiral (3).
iaSzaZjoff/pi forming a short beak, porrected horizontally, rather
stout and clavate, clothed with small scales (4) ; triarticulate,
basal joint considerably the longest, curved at the base, 2nd
nearly straight and linear, 3rd minute and oval (4e).
Head small: eyes rather large and prominent i^). Thoxdcs. small.
Abdomen slender, slightly curved and tufted at the apex. Wings
forming a triangle in repose, superior narrow, elongate-trigonate,
the apex ovate : inferior trigonate-ovate. Legs, posterior short :
tibiae, anterior short, with an internal spine, the others spurred at the
apex, posterior incrassated in the male, suhfusiform, with a fascicle
of long hairs on the inside, a pair of short spurs at the apex, and
another pair, one being very short, a little beloio the middle (8 f).
Larva unknown.

Hippocastanaria /fjifi. — Geom.pl. 36. f. 186. (J. — Curt. Guide, Gen.
916. 1. — anomalata Haw. in Ent. Trans. — degenerata Hub.
pi. 78./. 405. ?.

Shining reddish-grey ; superior wings with a broad pale brown
fascia narrowed towards the interior margin, the basal margin
angulated, the posterior crenated, with a paler external edge, a
lunate dot on the disc more or less obscure and the nervures
partially brown ; the margin at the base of the cilia dotted with
brown : abdomen and inferior wdngs very pale ochre, the latter
inclining to cinereous, except at the base, with a sinuated line
across the middle and an obscure spot on the disc.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This insect is nearly allied to Geom. Spartiata and ohliqiiata
and is included with them and many other incongruous spe-
cies in the genus Chesias by Treitschke, but their palpi and
legs are differently formed.

The early states of Pachycnemia are unknown, but from
the specific name of Hippocastanaria, Hiibner must have sup-
posed that it was an inhabitant of the horse-chestnut tree :
M. Duponchel however is of opinion that it is attached to the
Spanish chestnut, as he has never found it excepting in woods
where that tree exclusively grows ; in England it seems to fre-
quent heathy districts, and I think it has been taken very far
from either of those trees by my friend Mr. Dale.

It is rather of rare occurrence in this country, and few
moths vary more in the time of their appearance : a female was
found as early as April on Ockham Heath in Surrey, but
Mr. Dale has taken specimens from the 25th of March to the
beginning of September on Parley Heath, Hampshire, and in
the New Forest where it is most abundant in July ; it has also
occasionally been met with near Birch Wood in Kent, and at
Rochford in Essex.

Hiibner's figure of G. degenerata is no doubt drawn from a
wasted specimen of the female of P. Hippocastanaria.

The Plant is Spartium (Cytisus Linn. ?) scopariiim. Com-
mon Broom.

oig

&M^.i^ c/ €j,/ui^ Oc^.- / /rfdV

519.
THERA CONIFERATA.

The Durham Juniper Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalsenidae.

Type of the Genus, Geometra variata Hilb.

Thera Step. — Cliesias Och., Goda. — Geometra Linn., Hub. — Pha-

laena Haw.

Antenna: inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
filiform, moderately long, clothed with scales above, and densely
covered with short hairs beneath (1 (J); a little more slender in
the females.
Maxill(B spiral, nearly as long as the antennae, and rather stout

Labial Palpi projecting beyond the head nearly horizontally,

their points often meeting like a beak, densely clothed with

scales, making them appear in profile obtuse and clavate (4) ;

triarticulate, basal joint long and curved, 2nd as long and

straight, 3rd small ovate (4 a).

Head small and globose : eyes orbicular and prominent . Thorax with

a small tuft on the back. Wings, superior subtrigonate, with the

costa arched, covering the inferior, which are rather narrow, and

forming a triangle in repose. Abdomen rather long, linear and

lifted at the apex in the male, more conical at the apex in the female.

Legs moderately long : thighs slender, nearly of equal length : tibiae,

anterior not very short, intermediate terminated by a jjair of spurs,

posterior with 4 long spurs, one pair below the middle, all of them

having a minute spine at the apex (8 f). Larvse loopers, smooth and

cylindrical, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupee

acuminated at the apex.

CoNiFERATA Curt. MSS. — Guidc, Gen. 918.

Shining reddish brown, eyes black, a little larger in the male
than female : superior wings with the base darker brown, in-
closing 1 or 2 strigse, a narrow fascia of the same colour across
the middle, broadest at the costa and suddenly dilated exter-
nally, with an indistinctly ocellated oval spot at the apex of the
discoidal cell, the edges of the fascia are blackish, esi^ecially at
the interior margin, and inside at the middle, and edged with
an irregular jiale line outside ; towards the posterior margin is a
whitish crenated line, with 2 or 3 blackish streaks outside to-
wards the apex, and at the base of the cilia are 7 or 8 pairs of
dark dots ; inferior wings dull ochreous white, inclining to red-
dish brown at the margin, the edge of which is darker with dots :
abdomen freckled with brown and white ; tuft at apex of male
dull ochreous.

Li the Cabinets of Mr. Wailes, the Author, S^c.

In many respects this group approaches very near to Electro,
and in others to Lobophora (fol. 81.)? but from the latter it is
distinguished by the absence of the lobe to the inferior wings.

The following species are recorded as British, and are di-
vided into:

* Antennee simple in both sexes.
5. T. Coniferata Curt. Brit. Ent. pl.5\9.S.

As this insect neither agrees with Linnaeus's description nor
with Hiibner's figure of Jiaiipcrata, I have thought it advisable
to give it a name : whether it be the same species as that found
at Birch-wood, and described as the P. Jiinijperata of Linn., I
am not prepared to determine.

I purchased a specimen last year of Mr. E. A. Johnson, and
have since received anotiier from Mr. Wailes, who took them,
I believe, at Castle Eden Dene.

2. Juniperata Linn. F. S. 1269.— Hiih. Georn.pl. 51. f. 294.

—Goda.pL20G.j:s.

" Wings cinereous : superior with a cinereous fascia at the
base, a broader one in the middle, unequal, almost inter-
rupted at the interior margin ; a fuscous line at the apex. The
remainder entirely cinereous, with a fuscous line at the posterior
margin." Linn.
1. fulvata jpflZ*.— obeliscata Hiib.f.296.—Goda. 206. 6.

Recorded as having been taken by T. C. Heysham, Esq.,

in Baron-wood, Orton.

3. variata W. V.—Hub.f.29S.—Goda.20Q.^.l—Ent. Trans.

tab. Q.f. 3.

Very plentiful in July and Sept. where Fir-trees abound.
Whether Donovan's P. tristrigaria v. 13. pi. 461. f. 2. be in-
tended for this or the next species is doubtful, but I have never
seen black streaks in the superior wings of the following.

* * Antennae of the male bipectinated.

4. simulata Hilb.pl. 66./. 345.

It is remarkable that M. Treitschke and M. Duponchel
take no notice of this insect. The males are readily distin-
guished from all the others by their antennae, which are bipec-
tinated, as represented at fig. S. (?, and I do not feel certain
that ours is Hiibner's insect. They agree in colour, it is true,
but his appears to be the male, with simple antennae, and the
fascia of our insect is differently formed : it is always triangu-
larly indented on the inside, and the basal spot is very much
angulated to correspond with it. Should they be distinct, the
name o{ consobrinata would not be inapplicable.

On the 7th Sept. 1 captured several of both sexes : they
were flying in a fir-plantation at Durnford in Wiltshire, and
alighting amongst the heath that grew there.

The Plant is Juniperus communis S (Juniper Tree).

UiU' ly cJSm/iJi^ J'lmalcn. Qua- / ^,i%.

81.
LOBOPHORA POLYCOMATA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalsenidae Lat., Leach.

Type of the Genus Phalsena hexapterata Fab.
LoBOPHORA Steph. MSS. Phalaena Fab., Haw., Hub., Leach.

Antennoe rather short, setaceous, composed of numerous trans-
verse joints covered with hair and scales (f. 1, a few joints mag-
nified).

MaxillcE not very long (3).

Labial palpi short, distant, incurved (7), thickly covered with
scales (4), 3-jointed ; 1st joint cylindric-quadrate, 2nd long at-
tenuated, 3rd short, somewhat truncated obliquely (4 a. the
joints denuded).
Head small. Abdomen slender. Wings entire, extended horizontally
when at rest, superior long, somewhat lanceolate, inferior small in
the males, with a lobe attached at the base of the abdominal margin.
Legs rather slender. Tibiae, anterior not longer than the basal joint
of the tarsus (8) : 4 posterior having 2 spurs only at their apex in
the 2nd division (8 a and 8 b). Tarsi 5-jointed. Claws and pul-
villi distinct.
Larvge loopers, with 6 pectoral 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.
Obs. The dissections are alt taken from L. poiycomata.

PoLYcoMATA HUb. Schmct. Geom. 11. JEquivocce B. pi. 38. f 190.
Very pale, variegated with irregular waves of brown. Superior
wings with an angulated transverse line near the base, and a
broad bar near the centre, angulated towards the costa, ferrugi-
nous, the latter with a large pale spot next the costa and a small
one upon the interior margin, the nerves intersecting the bar
black J posterior limb with an interrupted fuscous wave, the
margins very pale ; costa, cilia, and posterior margin fuscous,
the latter with the nerves, and a row of dots along the extremity
black. Inferior wings very pale, dull ochraceous, with 2 indented
transverse lines near the middle, margin with a row of black
dots. -Benm^/i cinereous-ochraceous, with a brown line extend-
ing across the wings near the centre, and an oval spot of the
same colour near the base next the costa.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Stone.

This insect (new to Britain) being analogous to several groups
that are widely distributed through the extensive family to
which it belongs, it became necessary to pay particular atten-
tion to its structure ; and I was much gratified to find that
Hiibner had given a figure of its larva in the same plate with
those of Geometra sexalisata and lobulata, thereby confirming
the opinion that 1 had formed when I assigned it to the si-
tuation which it now holds. The 3 larvae, as might be ex-
pected, are very similar; and I regret that I did not meet with
it in time to introduce it into the plate : it is bright green be-
neath, duller green above, with a narrow yellow line down
each side. (Vide Hiibner'' s Supp. Gcometrce 11. JEquivocce G.
a. b. fig. 2. a. b.)

This pretty genus now contains 6 British species, which
must form 2 divisions.

* Inferior wings of males with large lobes, poste-
rior tibiae with 2 pair of spurs.

1. L. sexalisata Hiib., Haw.

2. hexapterata Fab., Haw., Don. v. 6. pi. 1 92.

** Inferior wings with small lobes, posterior tibiae
with 1 pair of spurs.

3. lob u lata Hiib. — dentistrigata Haw.

4. costaestrifjata Haw.

5. polycomata Hiib.

6. viretata Hiib. — trinotata Don. v. 14.^/. 499.^/] 1. 1.
I would wish here to call the attention of the student to the

structure of the legs of our species (one of each pair being
figured, and in which I believe all those of the 2nd division
agree), the posterior tibiae being deficient of a character, which
I have never seen wanting in any other group of this family,
all other Phalcenida having another pair of spurs below the
middle. It is also worthy of remark, that Geometra multi-
strigaria Haw., and G. dilutata Hiib. and Haw., have the re-
markable oval spot beneath at the base of the wings, and that
in habit it somewhat resembles, Phalcena rujata Fab., and
Phalcena brumata Linn. ; and it is probable that L. polyco-
mata will assist in bringing together these species, which are
now so unnaturally scattered through the family.

Two females of our insect were taken in a lane near Dart-
ford Heath, Kent, upon Black Thorn, the beginning of April
1824; and Mr. B. Standish took two males upon the wing
the 10th April this year, in the same place.

Primus spinosa (Sloe Tree or Black Thorn) is figured vdth
the insect.

iJU:^ij!^<M^.:&wi/.-n C^A ■//di'6

64.

EUPITHECIA LINARIATA.

The beautiful Pug.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Laf., heach.

Type of the Genus Phalsena Absinthiata Linn.

EupiTHECiA nobis. Phalsena Linn., Fab., Haw. Abraxas Leach.

Antenna alike in both sexes, inserted towards the posterior part
of the head, close to the eyes (f. 7), rather long, setaceous, com-
posed of numerous joints, covered with scales above, hairy be-
neath (f. 1, three joints magnified).
MaxillcE as long as the antennae, slender (3).
Labial Palpi 2, projecting obliquely, like a beak, beyond the head,
thickly covered with long and broad scales (4), 3-jointed, 1st
joint long robust, slightly curved upward, 2nd rather shorter,
somewhat conical, 3rd small, nearly globose (4 a).
Clypeus slightly projecting, covered with thick scales. Abdomen short,
slender. Wings entire, extended horizontally when at rest; superior
long, somewhat lanceolate, with2 costal nerves andarhomboidal cell,
of which the 2nd costal nerve forms one side (9); inferior small. Legs
rather slender : Tibiae of anterior pair very short, with a long, com-
pressed, membranaceous spine, arising on the inside near the centre,
2nd and 3rd pair terminated by 2 spurs, the latter having 2 also near
the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed, \st joint in the anterior pair longer than
the tibia. Claws and Pulvilli minute (8, a fore leg).
hawse with 10 feet.

LiNARiATA Fab. Ent.Syst.v.3.pars2. p. 190. ?z.224. Haw. Lep. Brit.
p.364. M. 153.

Pale ochraceous. Thorax with a black spot in the centre near the
posterior margin, 2nd segment of the abdomen blackish, the 1st
six segments with a black spot in the middle close to the poste-
rior margin. Superior wings with a costal spot near the base,
and a large transverse waved fascia in the centre, bright cinereous
variegated and spotted with black, the latter being margined with
white, another white sinuated line nearer to the posterior margin,
running through 7 irregular cinereous and black spots; an an-
gulated fascia near the base, and another nearer to the posterior
margin ferruginous. Inferior wings with several transverse pale
cinereous bands, that next the posterior margin being the broad-
est and having a zigzag pale line running through it. Cilia fus-
cous with obscure dark spots next the base.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This genus, which comprises Mr. Haworth's section " Abbre-
viate " (with the exception of Pterapherapteryx hexapterata
and sexalisata), contains 38 British species, 27 of which are
described in Lepidoptera Britannica, and three more by Hub-
ner, viz. Phalana abbreviata, insig7iata, and exiguata.

These pretty moths form a most natural genus, and when
alive are characterized (as Mr. Haworth has observed) by the
elegant attitude in which they repose, with their wings beauti-
fully expanded, lying close to the surface upon which they
rest, as moths are displayed for our cabinets by the London
collectors. The characters perhaps most deserving our atten-
tion are the great length of the basal joint of the anterior tar-
sus, and the shortness of the tibia, which has an internal flat
spine, a character as constant in many Lepidopterous families
as the emarginated anterior tibia is amongst the Carabidce :
whether this tibial process, which has hitherto been entirely
neglected, will prove essential in a natural arrangement of this
Order I am at present not competent to decide ; and although
I have given a drawing of the disposition of the nerves of the
superior wings, I suspect, from the observations I have made,
that they will rather supply family, than generic characters,
which however will be very valuable, as at present those that
we have are very minute and uncertain.

During a few days that I spent at Dover in the middle of
August 1820, previous to my visiting the opposite coast, I beat
a beautiful caterpillar from the Antirrhinu7n Linaj-ia, which
grew in abundance, and was in full flower at the time, upon
the Castle-hill ; it fed upon the blossoms, and began very soon
to form its cocoon, which prevented my making a drawing of
it : the early part of the following June, to my great satisfac-
tion, the elegant specimen figured in the plate was produced.

Fabricius describes the larva as yellow, with red feet, and
spots down the back of the same colour ; but I think mine was
a beautiful yellow, with dark chesnut spots.

Antirrhinum Linaria (Common Toad-flax), from which the
moth derives its specific name, is given in the plate.

S^J

'.yic^ /(y CX^ ■&MA&^ /^ZA /-^

523.

HYRIA AURORARIA.

The purple and gold Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Geometra Auroraria H'ui.

Hyria Step., Curt. — Fidonia Och., Goda. — Geometra T/m^., Haw. —
Phalsena Fab.

Antennce inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
rather short and setaceous, composed of vertebrate formed jomts,
each clothed with two series of scales above and short rays, 2
at the apex and 2 at the base, producing long bristles on both
sides in the male (1, portions of the base and apex) ; simple in
the female.

Maxillce spiral, not more than half the length of the antennae
and very slender (3).

Labial palpi short, slightly curved, but porrected nearly hori-
zontally, clothed with short scales (4), triarticulate, basal joint
the longest and stoutest, 2nd much more slender, but nearly as
long, 3rd shorter, narrower and obtuse at the apex (4 a).
Head small subglobose ; eyes not very globose. Thorax with the scales
depressed. Wings forming a triangle in repose, rounded and obtuse;
cilia long and irregular. Abdomen short linear and tufted at the
apex in the males. Legs, hinder pair the smallest in the male: tibiae,
anterior with a curved spine on the inside, clothed with long scales ;
intermediate armed ivith one long and another short spur at the apex
(8*) ; hinder pair destitute of spurs in the male (Sf), but spurred
at the apex in the female.
Caterpillars loopers, attenuated, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2

anal feet ?
Pupae inclosed in a cocoon. Treit.

Auroraria Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 921. 1. — sanguinaria Hilb.
Beit. — variegata Fab.

Orange, head piceous, antennae and crown whitish ; anterior
portion of thorax and abdomen, except the apex, rosy purple :
wings of the same colour, with an orange margin and a waved
blackish line parallel to it near the extremity of the purple,
superior wings with an orange spot on the disc uniting with an
ovate one below it, which is divided by a faint purple striga
near the base ; inferior with an oval orange spot on the disc
and freckled with the same colour : beneath similar, with the
underside of the legs brown.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This charming little moth when quite perfect has the wings
of a golden yellow, ornamented with purple inclining to lilacj

but it soon fades, for a few evenings' and mornings' flights are
sufficient to wear ofFand inj ure the delicate plumage of the wings,
and then they become of a dull yellow colour and the purple
loses the beautiful bloom with which it was before tinged.

The females are either much less abundant than the males
or they conceal themselves, and probably do not fly so often,
especially in the day time, when occasionally I have met with
this moth in considerable numbers, in marshy meadows,
where they rise under the feet in brushing through the long
coarse grass. In an excursion to Horning the S^th of last
June with Mr. Charles Paget, his Brother and Capt. Chawner,
we found them common in one marsh, together with Erastria
uncana (folio 140^), and it has been observed there ten days
later ; about the same time Mr. Dale was taking it in Holt
Forest : it has also appeared in abundance near Croydon in
Surrey ; in the neighbourhood of Bristol, and in Somerset-
shire : I have taken it the middle of July near Yaxley in
Huntingdonshire, and it has occurred at Trundle, Brick and
Ugg-meres from June 22nd to August 7th.

The males of this insect are distinguished by their pilose
antennae, but I do not remember an instance at this moment,
in which the hinder pair of legs are the smallest in any other
Lepidopterous insect; such however is the case in the males
of the genus before us, although it escaped the party who
gave it a name : in this sex the middle pair is the longest and
furnished as is usually the case with a pair of spurs at the apex
(vide fig. 8 *), whereas the hinder pair is entirely destitute of
spurs (fig. 8 f ), but in the female there are spurs at the apex
which seem to be rather smaller than those of the intermediate
tibiae.

The Caterpillar feeds on the Plantago majoj; but the plant
figured, which was in flower at the time the moths were taken,
is the Vaccinium Oxycoccus (Cranberry).

4//

■*-•.

)i~n31

647.

VENILIA QUADRIMACULATA.

The Pinion-spotted yellow.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Geometra macularia Linn.

Venilia Goda, Curt. — Zerene Treit. — Geometra Linn., Hub. — Pha-
Isena Haw.

Antenna inserted on the crown of the head, close to the eyes,
setaceous, rather short, clothed with scales above and pubescent
beneath in the males (1) ; more slender in the females.
Maxilla slender and spiral, scarcely so long as the antennae (3).
Labial palpi projecting nearly horizontally a little beyond the
head, and forming a short beak ; clothed with long scales, espe-
cially beneath, short at the apex (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint
very long and stout, curved at the base, 2nd not half so long,
ovate, truncated obliquely, 3rd small, ovate-conic (4 a).
Head small and round : eyes small and globose (7, the profile). Thorax
small and oval. Abdomen rather long and slender, tufted at the
apex in the male, loith an incurved acute claiv above and 2 compressed
lobes beneath ; conical in the female. Wings forming a triangle in
repose, superior elongate-trigonate, the apex slightly hooked, the
posterior margin a little angulated at the middle ; inferior ovate-tri-
gonate, the margin slightly loaved. Legs, anterior the shortest :
tibiae, anterior very short, intermediate terminated by long spurs as
well as the jmsterior, which have also a pair a little above the apex :
tarsi not long, 5-jointed, basal joint the longest.
Larvae loopers, naked, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

QuADRiMACULATA Haw. — Curt . Guide, Gen. 924. 1.

In the Cabinets of the Author and the British Museum.

When the genus Macaria was established eleven years since,
I consideretl the insects forming the genus before us were
closely allied to it, although they did not exhibit some of the
characters belonging to that group. In studying the Lepi-
doptera previously to the appearance of the " Guide," I found
such important variations between the type of Macaria and
V. macularia that I very materially altered its situation ; and
upon a close examination I find the palpi, antennje, and hind
legs so essentially different from Macaria that I have no hesi-

tation in adopting M. Diiponchel's generic title given in the
8th vol. of Godart's Lepidoptera.

There are only two species of Venilia.

1. macularia Linn. — Don. v. 7. pi. 251. J". 3.

Orange with large irregular brown patches on the wings,
with smaller ones at the base and abdominal marmn : these
spots are darkest above in the inferior wings and beneath in
the superior wings.

Mr. Newman once showed me a remarkable variety taken
atWalthamstow in May, with the wings almost entirely brown,
similar to Godart's figure 6, pi. 187.

The Caterpillar feeds principally upon Lamium puripureum
and alburn^ ])1. 70 and 132 ; the moth is met with in most woods
in England : Mr. Dale has observed it in plenty in the Isle of
Portland and near Abbey Milton, also at Enborne Copse and
Bagley Wood from the 7th of May to the 17th of June.

2. quadrimaculata Ha*w. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 647. S '
Ochreous yellow, indistinctly mottled with orange; antennae,
head, and thorax freckled with brown : anterior wings with
3 or 4) large purplish-brown spots on the costa, which is
freckled with the same colour at the base ; these spots are
faint on the underside.

This rare insect used to be taken occasionally in a wood at
Colney Hatch in April and the beginning of Maj"^, but it has not
been seen I believe for several years, and it appears to be un-
known upon the Continent. It may possibly be only a variety
of V. macularia^ but if such be the case it is a remarkable in-
stance of stability in a variety, as many specimens have been
taken, all agreeing in the essential characters.

Pyrola minor^ Less Winter-green, was communicated by
T. Howson, Esq., who gathered specimens at Clapdale Wood
in Yorkshire, and I am indebted to the same gentleman for
the plants represented in the two following plates.

691.

SIONA DEALBATA.

The black-veined Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Phalaena dealbata Linn.
SioNA Goda, Curt. — Ida;a Och. — Phalsena Linn., Haw.

Antenna setaceous, a little the stoutest in the male (1), clothed
with scales above, with very short pubescence beneath.
Maxilla as long or a little longer than the antennae, slender and
spiral, with minute tentacula at the apex (3).
Labial palpi short and slender, porrected obliquely beyond the
head, the points approximating, clothed with short scales (4),
the apical joint distinct ; triarticulate, basal joint the longest
and stoutest, a little curved at the base, 2nd nearly as long,
slightly attenuated, 3rd small and ovate-conic (a).
Head small subglohose: eyes lateral large and globose. Thorax ovate.
Abdomen long and slender in the male, stouter in the female, the
apex conical with a horny jnlose ovipositor. Wings subtrigonate and
forming a triangle in repose ? the margins entire, nervures strong :
cilia short. Legs long and slender : thighs moderate : tibiae, ante-
rior not very short, with a long internal spine, intermediate with a
pair of long spurs at the apex, hinder with a shorter pair and a longer
and unequal pair a little below the middle : tarsi long slender and
5 -jointed : claws and pulvilli minute (of, « hind leg).
Larva and metamorphoses unknown.

Dealbata Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 92G. 1 .

Silky white or pale cream colour : palpi, antennae and eyes
blackish : nervures of wings dusky above, quite black beneath,
especially in the superior ; a narrow transverse stripe beyond
the middle on the under side, but very faint in the inferior
wings, and the transverse discoidal nervure blackish. Abdomen
beneath with 3 blackish longitudinal lines in the female, which
sex is the most strongly marked beneath in the wings also.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This simple-coloured but elegant moth is what is termed by
collectors an uncommon species, yet occasionally it is found
in great plenty, the seasons probably at various periods con-

tributing to its numbers. It generally affects chalky and lime-
stone districts in this country, and makes its appearance the
beginning of June.

From the large broods that have been observed of late
years in the vicinity of Langport in Somersetshire, it is to be
hoped that the caterpillar may be shortly met with, and I am
the more sanguine in my expectations from Mr. John Quekett,
a most zealous naturalist, residing in the neighbourhood. I am
indebted to him, as well as to Mr. Dale and Mr. D. Serrell, for
my series of specimens; and this gentleman tells me that he took
a considerable number lastyear in some woods, called the Holts,
near Stourton Caundle in Dorsetshire, in the month of July;
he principally found them in open places, amongst long grass
where stunted black-thorn bushes were growing: these woods
stand high, but are exceedingly wet in the winter. Mr. Mar-
shall also informed me some years since, that he once took
this moth in abundance in Kent, and it has also been found at
Darent and Tonbridge Wells.

I have never met with it alive in England, but I captured a
male in descending the Puy de Dome in Auvergne; and Mons.
Duponchel says that in France it principally inhabits moun-
tainous districts, but he once took it plentifully in the woods
of Notre Dame, four leagues from Paris, by brushing the
heath.

The similarit}' of S. dcalbata to some butterflies is very
striking: indeed the colour and shape of the wings and abdo-
men assimilate so well with the Papilionidae, that it seems only
to want the capitate antennae to complete its resemblance to
the Pontiae.

It has been necessary to abandon the name of Idsea given
to this genus by Ochsenheimer, and employed in the 1st edi-
tion of the Guide, as it had been previously applied to a group
of Papilionidai; I have theretore adopted the more recent one
of Siona proposed by M. Duponchel.

For specimens of the Plant, Pctroselimim (Sison Lirin.) sc-
getum. Corn Honewort, I am indebted to Dr. Bromfield, who
found them last October near Hyde, in the Isle of Wight.

cT/ci'

.'^c:^:yf.-fiSS4

Ih J^3f

515.
ABRAXAS ULMATA.

The Yorkshire or scarce Magpie Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. P'am. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Phalaena Grossulariata Linn.
Abraxas Lea., Curt.- — Zerene Och., Gocla. — Geometra Hub. — Pha-
Isena Linn., Fab., Haw.

Antenna inserted on the crown of the head near to the eyes,
rather short and filiform, clothed with scales above, very pu-
bescent beneath (1 b).
Lahrum small triangular and membranous.
Mandibles slender, curved and ciliated internally.
Maxillee small spiral not more than half the length of the an-
tennge (3). Palpi minute forming an ovate fiat lobe {a).
Labial palpi small, scarcely projecting beyond the head, clothed
with short scales (4) triarticulate, basal joint the longest, stout-
est, and curved, 2nd slender and linear, 3rd small and ovate
(4«).
Head small transverse and obtuse, clothed with short depressed scales:
eyes lateral, large prominent and ovate, (7, the head in profile).
Thorax rather small. Abdomen shorter than the wings, as stout as
the thorax, cylindrical. Wings ample, either extended horizontally
or forming a triangle when at rest, superior trigonate, inferior
rounded, cilia short. Legs rather short a?id stout : tibiae, anterior
short ivith an internal spine, iiitermediate furnished loith a pair of
stout short spurs, posterior the longest and thickest, spurred at the
apex and a little above : tarsi, anterior the longest, posterior the
shortest, the basal joint very long in the 1st pair: claws awe? pulvilli
minute (Sf, hind leg).
Larvae loopers tvith 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 caudal feet. Pupae
attached by threads to leaves, walls, S;c.

Ulmata Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 927. 2.

Silky-white : antennae with a transverse ruflF of hairs on the
underside of each joint in the male (fig. 1): thorax and abdo-
men yellow, spotted with black, the latter with a dorsal line of
black spots, with a double row of smaller ones on each side,
and 2 rows of large ones beneath : superior wings with the base
brown, having a yellow striga, a large spot of the same colour
ornamented with a few silvery ones and yellow on the internal
edge close to the posterior angle ; a smaller spot of the same
colour on the costa towards the apex ; a large gray spot on the
disc, a waved line of spots of the same colour towards the poste-
rior margin, which is spotted with gray or brown : inferior wings
with the base, a spot on the disc, and a curved line beyond it,
and sometimes a few spots on the posterior margin gray, with a
large brown spot tinged with yellow and gray, and ornamented
with a silvery line, above the caudal angle : cilia more or less
fuscous. Obs. The gray spots vary much in number and size.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The following are the British species I have included in the
genus Abraxas :

1. Fantaria Lin7i.— Hub. Geo. \6. S4-.— Goda. 8. pi. 187./. 3.
This, which I suspect is only a fine variety of the following,

is said to have been taken in Devonshire : it is very comn^on
in the South of France, upon Ash trees, in May.

2. Ulmata Fab.— Curt. B. E. pi. 515.

The Rev. Richard Allen Barney of Rimpton, Dorset, has
reared this beautiful moth and favoured me with the following
observations: — " The Larvae vary much, and many older ones
resemble the young ones; while some, near their maturity, are
almost wholly white, with yellowish extremities, and all the
usual marks more or less obscure. They inhume, or take to
the earth, about Sept. 2nd or 3rd, (some later,) having fed
exactly eight weeks from the egg ; and emerge from May 20th
to June 14lh. In the year 1824 1 reared fifty of these larvae
from eggs found in clusters on leaves of young Elms, besides
many from captured larvae and some in the imago state. I
never found any except in one particular and very limited spot
of the wood. When the moths emerge, they take a station on
the upper side of any large leaf, of whatever kind, and there
rest, beautifully expanded, and very conspicuous, through all
the heat of the day. If disturbed, they flutter helplessly to the
ground, especially the females, and make no effort to escape.
Where they frequent, nothing is so easily found, as they do
not hide on the underside, but display their beautiful white
wings on the upper surflice of any leaf large enough to afford
them a convenient situation. I considered their high season
of emersion to be from May 20th to the 25th or 30th, though
some come out later."

In Yorkshire this Moth is comparatively common. Mr.
Dale, 1 believe, has taken it at Charmouth, the middle of June;
and on the 25th of the same month and a few days later I
found it at Ambleside. The Caterpillar is believed to feed also
upon the Beech and on the Oriental Plane, with which M. Du-
ponchel supposes it was introduced into England.

3. Grossulariata Linn. — Do7i. v. \.pl. 4.

This handsome Moth is common in our gardens and hedges
the end of July. Its pretty Caterpillars, which resemble the
Moth in colour, are very destructive to the leaves of our currant
and gooseberry bushes: it will also feed upon the Black-thorn,
and some say on the Almond. Its glossy black Pupa is belted
with yellow.

4. marginata Linn. — Don. 9. 293. 2. — naevaria Hilb. and pol-
lutaria Hiib. xmrs.

Abundant in woods, bushy places and thickets from May to
August. The Caterpillar feeds upon the Hazel.

As the legs of this insect agree with those of Abraxas, and
it seems to associate well with it in other respects, 1 have added
it to the genus before us.

A branch of the Common Elm ( Ulmiis campcs/iis?) in fllower,
is represented in the Plate.

6./.

C^-

643.

ZERENE PLUMBATA.

The Kinnordy bordered Carpet.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Phalsena rubiginata Fab.

Zerene Och., Curt. — Melanthia Goda. — Harpalyce, Melanippe,
Xerene Step. — Phalsena Fab., Haw. — Geometra Linn., Hub.
Antenna short, inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the
head, clothed with scales above and hairy beneath in the males

(1). .

Maxilla shorter than the antenna, slender, spiral and furnished
with small tentacula at the apex (3).

Labial palpi rather elongated, poiTected horizontally and form-
ing a pointed beak, densely clothed with scales appearing tri-
gonate in profile (4), triarticulate, basal joint somewhat kidney-
shaped, 2nd twice as long elliptical, 3rd very minute and ovate
(4 a).
Head small, subglobose : eyes small and globose. Thorax globose.
Abdomen long slender, tufted at the apex in the males, conical in
the females. Wings forming a triangle in repose. Legs moderate :
tibiae, anterior the shortest, intermediate spurred at the apex, hi?ider
pair the longest, with spurs at the apex and a pair considerably below
the middle: tarsi long, 5-jointed, basal joint long, 5th the shortest
(8 1. « hind leg).
Larvae loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Plumbata Curt. Guide, Gen. 928. 6.

White ; head and thorax brown and grey ; superior wings in-
clining to cream-colour with a patch at the base and a fascia
across the middle generally broadest at the costa, brown varie-
gated with grey and darker brown lines, the margins are sinuated
and there is a black dot on the disc ; posterior margin lead-co-
lour with a pale crenated striga and a long patch at the tip much
darker : inferior wings with a similar fimbria and striga, a curved
fuscous line across the middle, with a black dot towards the
base : the abdomen is spotted with brown down the sides, some-
times with 2 or more spots on the back of the apical joints.
Obs. The males frequently have the upper wings of a dark lead-
colour with the usual brown markings, the under wings having
a broad plain fimbria of the same colour : in the females the
fascia is generally broad throughout, but it. is sometimes di-
vided towards the inferior margin in the males.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This pretty genus, containing many species, is distinguished
by its white wings simply banded or bordered with brown or
some dark colour. Treitschke has included in it a species of

Zerynthia and the genus Abraxas, the former characterized by
the pectinated antennae of the males, and the latter by its ample
wings with irregular spots, sometimes ornamented with yellow.
The following species appear to belong to this group.

1. albicillata Linii. — Don. 6. 202. 1.

June, paths in woods, Cumberland, Norfolk, Kent, and
Knaresborough, Yorkshire, J. C.

2. adustata Hiib. — Wood, Jig. 605.

3. hastata Limi. — Don. 4. 129. 1. 2. S^ 3.

June, base of Ben More and Ben Cruchan, Miss Harvey.

4. procellata Hiib. — porcellata Don. 6. 202. 3.

End of July, Birch Wood, J. C. ; and Essex and Oxford-
shire.

5. rubiginata Hiib. — Wood, 606. — contaminata Ber. — trigo-
nata Ha'w.

June and August, gardens and pathways in woods.

6. plumbata Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 643.

For a fine series of this new moth I am indebted to Charles
Lyell, Esq. : a considerable number were taken the beginning
of September in Forfarshire. Variable as this species is it
may readily be distinguished from the foregoing by Xh^jperfect
fascia of the upper wings.

7. ocellata Linn. — lynceata Don. 10. 349. 3.

8. tristata Linn. — Wood,^g. 56Q.

Middle of June, Yorkshire, side of a hill Ambleside, J. C.
Dale, Esq.

9. subtristata Haw. — contristata Don. 15. 510. 2. — alchemil-
lata Hub. 71. 370. — amniculata Hiib. 75. 386. — substriala
Wood, 567. — degenerata Haw. var.

10. sylvaticata Haw. — Wood, 56S. — rivata HUb. 79. 409. not
G. aquata.

1 1. unangulata Haw. — Wood, 569.

12. biangulata //rtw. — Wood, 570.— picata Hiib. 84. 435.
June, pathways in and outside of woods, Norfolk, J. C.

13. Galiata Hiib. — Wood, 563. May and June, rocks. Isle of
Portland, and August, Isle of Wight and Dover, J. C. ;
Lulworth Cove, Mr. Dale.

14. unilobata Haw. p. 331. 4!4<.— Wood, 564.

Taken near Scarborough and other parts of Yorkshire.

15. 4-annulata Haw. 331. 45. — Wood, 565.
Taken at Wisbeach and in Devonshire.

Rtibiis Chamconorus, Cloud-berry, represented in the Plate,
was communicated by Mr. T. Howson.

603

-^Xv^ cX-^^^^^c^ -^-/(^dC

603.
ELECTRA ALBOCRENATA.

The Durham Carpet.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Geometra ruptata Hub.

Electra Curt. — Zerene Curt. — Electra, Harpalyce, Polyphasia,
Steganolophia and Lampropteryx S^e. — Cidaria Och., Goda,
AntenncB inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
ahke in both sexes, rather short slender and setaceous, com-
posed of numerous short joints, clothed with small scales above,
densely pilose beneath (1).

Maxilla not so long as the antennae, very spiral and tentacu-
lated at the apex (3).

Labial Palpi porrected beyond the head nearly horizontally,

clothed with short scales and appearing truncated obliquely (4) ;

triarticulate, basal joint curved and narrowed at the base, 2nd

nearly twice as long and linear, 3rd very short and ovate (4 a) .

Head subglobose: eyes globose. Thorax ovate. Abdomen slender,

more or less tufted in the males, conical at the apex in the females.

Wings forming a triangle in repose; superior elongate-trigonate,

inferior rather narrow, subovate. Tibiae, anterior short, the others

spurred at the apex, the hinder having a pair above the apex (8 f) .•

tarsi long and b -jointed.

Larvae loopers, smooth and like a stick, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal

and 2 anal feet.

Albocrenata Curt. Guide, Gen. 929.

Silky, greyish- white: palpi, head and anterior portion of thorax
brown, back of abdomen variegated with the same colour; su-
perior wings freckled with black, the base brown ; a brownish
somewhat ear-shaped figure on the disc containing a long black
spot, with a narrow irregular fascia between it and the base ;
posterior margin with a dark brown fimbria, the internal margin
sinuated, with a large whitish spot at the centre and a trigonate
one at the apex, beneath which is a white dot and 7 crescents
along the margin, with a strongly crenated white striga down
the middle of the fimbria ; inferior wings with a dusky spot
towards the base, and a pale fuscous fimbria with an ochreous
tint.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Wailes and the Author.

The following insects may be formed into sections from the
colouring of the wings, but I doubt if there be any constant
essential characters to separate them. 1 have only a very bad
specimen of E. piceata, but it seems to be as nearly allied to
E.perfmcata as to E. suffumata, and the insect here figured
evidently connects E. ruptata and E. commanotata. The fol-
lowing are the species as they stand in the Guide.

1. ruptata Hiib.— Wood, Jig. 572.— Don. 14. 479. 2.— Cory-
lata Thunb. P

1 have a remarkable variety that I took in Scotland, making
an approach to the following.

2. albocrenata Curl. B. E. pi. 603 ? , scarcely larger than

This is another of the fine species discovered by Mr. Wailes,
who took it, I believe, at Castle Eden Dean.

3. piceata Ste. — Wood, 583. Taken in Northumberland and
Yorkshire.

4. suff'umata Hiib. — Wood, 582.

5. silaceata Hiib. — Wood, 571. — insulata Ha'w. var. — cuneata
Don. 14. 487. 2.

6. Prunatai/ww. — Wood, 581.— Don. 7. 233. 1.

7. commanotata Haw. 325. 26. — Wood, 577.

8. perfuscata Haw. — Wood, 580. ^579. — saturata 5/^. var^.

9. centumnotata Fab. — Wood, 578. — russata Hiib. pi. 59.
/ 305. Sr 86. 445. var.

10. marmorata 2^(26. — Wood, 574. S)- 575. — amadnataSte. var. —
omicronata Don. 15. 510. 1. var.

11. immanata Haw. 323. 22. — Wood, 513.

12. boreata Curt. — concinnata Ste.? — Wood, 576.

Allied to E. i7nmanata; but the superior wings are more
marbled ; the narrow ferruginous fascia at the base is obscure
and not angulated, terminating in a white horse-shoe on the
inner margin ; the broad central fascia is not solid, but grey in
the middle, and the posterior margin is darker than in E. im-
manata.

I first discovered this beautiful species the 7th of August
1825, on rocks near Arrachar in Scotland, in company with
Mr. Dale, and I have never found it elsewhere.

13. comitata Linji. — Wood, 587. — Chenopodiata i/wi.

14. Populata Linn. — Wood, 590.

15. testata Linn. — Wood, 599, S • 593 ?. — achatina Hiib. 58.
301c?. 79.408$.

16. Spinachiata Haw. — Wood, 591. — marmorata //m6.

17. Pyraliata J/iwi. — Wood, 594. — populata //aw.

18. fulvata Hm&. — Wood, 561. — socmia Fab.

The beautiful Plant figured, Pinguicula grandiflora (Large-
flowered Butterwort), is abundant, as well as the other 2 spe-
cies, at the base of the mountains around the lakes of Killarney,
but in July I could find only one specimen injlower on the
western side of Mangerton near the base. Miss Jennings of
Cork informed me she had obtained the P. grandijlora with
white flowers.

3^/

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324.

LARISSA IMBUTATA.

The dyed treble-bar Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lai., Leach.

Type of the Genus, Phalsena plagiata Linn.

Labissa Nob. — Aspitates 8f Larentia Treit. — Anaitis Goda. — Pha-
lsena Linn., Haw., 8(c.

Antenncs inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
slender, and setaceous in both sexes, basal joint scarcely larger
than the following, which are clothed with scales above and pu-
bescent beneath (1).

MaxillcE as long as the antennae, very spiral and furnished with
a few tentacula at the apex (3).

Labial Palpi porrected a little obliquely, extending beyond the

head, compressed, rather obtuse, clothed with short and broad

scales, the terminal joint a little apparent (4) : triarticulate,

basal joint curved, rather longer and stouter than the 2nd ;

which is straight and slightly attenuated, 3rd joint small and

conical (4 a).

Head small and globose. Eyes globular (7 a). Abdomen rather short

and slender, obtuse in the males, conical at the apex in the females.

Wings forming a triangle when at rest, entire, superior ample and

lanceolate, inferior rather narrow, heg!^ long and slender. Coxae j

anterior very long. Thighs j middle pair rather the longest. Tibiae j

anterior exceedingly short, with an internal spine, the others long

and spurred, the hinder pair with spurs below the middle. Tarsi

5-jointed, basal joint very long, penultimate as long as the terminal

one. Claws and Pulvilli distinct (8, afore leg).

Larvae loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet ?

Imbutata Hub. Geom. pi. 78. f. 403.

Pale bright grey. Superior wings with 2 oblique brown waved
bands, forming a bar across the middle, generally meeting about
the centre, the outer one being very much indented externally ;
near the base is a brown striga and a pale wave ; near the apex
upon the costa, a brown spot, and from the apex arises a waved
band extending to the posterior angle, and forming a double
arch j from the posterior margin, which is dotted with black,
arises a fine rosy blush. Body and inferior wings cinereous, the
latter with an obscure dot towards the base, and an undulated
pale wave across the middle. Cilia spotted brown and white,
particularly of the superior wings.

In the Author s and other Cabinets.

TiiEiTSCHKE has formed a large and incongruous genus, which
he has called Larentia, — a name I shall reserve for his type
[Geom. cervinata Hiib., the G. clavaria of Haw.) and its con-
geners. The typical species of our genus is the fourth of
Treitschke's Larentise ; but he neither notices the Geom. prce-
J'ormata nor the G. imhutata of Hiib. that I can find : and
G. ccesiata and G.Jlavicindata of Hiib. are more nearly allied
to G. Alcheinillata Linn.

I should have adopted Mons. Dupouchel's name, but I am
uncertain what species he intends to include in his genus
Anai'tis.

Larissa comprises the following British insects.

1. L. plagiata Linn. — Haw. 318. 8. — duplicata Fab. —

Don. 7. 233. 2.
This handsome moth is not uncommon amongst Fern, espe-
cially in chalky districts. The beginning of June and Sep-
tember I have found it in Norfolk ; at Coombe Wood, Surrey ;
and Linton, North Devon : and Mr. Dale observed it the end
of June in Scotland. The Caterpillar feeds upon Hypericum
perforatum,

2. L. praeformata Hiib. Geom. pi. 103./ 532, 533.

The only specimen I have seen of this fine moth I believe I
captured by Coombe Wood. It may be distinguished from
the foregoing species by its larger and less acute wings, and
by their richer colour : and the waved bar near the base, and
that arising at the apex, are almost as strong as the two cen-
tral ones ; so that it is 5-barred.

3. L. imbutata Hub. — Curtis Brit. Ent. pi. 324.

Mr. Dale had the good fortune first to discover this beau-
tiful moth amongst some heath, as we were walking from In-
versnaid to Loch Katrine, the 8th of August, 1825: it has
since been taken by Mr. R. Wood near Manchester, to whom
I am indebted for some lovely specimens.

4. L. petrata ii/aw. 344.84. — Hiib. Geom. 21. 113. — vir-

garia Borkh.

This species perhaps will associate better with Geom. lignata
and lineolata Hiib. It is found the end of May and beginning
of June in great abundance amongst Fern.

The plant is Campanula 7'otundifolia (Round-leaved Bell-
flower).

6^i

-' ^^7
>

623.

PIIIBALAPTERYX VIRGATA.

The oblique-Carpet likeness.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalasnidae.
Type of the Genus Geometra lineolata Hub.
Phibalapteryx Step. — Lozogramma CaiH. — Aspilates and Acidalia
Och. — Larentia Goda. — Geometra Hub. — Phalsena Haw.
Antennce short, setaceous, inserted on the crown of the head,
composed of numerous subovate joints, scaly above and densely
ciliated beneath in the males (1).

MaxillcE spiral, slender, about half the length of the antennae (3) .
Labial palpi very short, porrected a little obliquely, clothed with
rather short scales and somewhat obtuse clavate (4) ; triarticu-
late, 1st and 2nd joints elongated, stout, the former curved nar-
rowed at the base, 2nd subeUiptic, 3rd small, ovate-conic (4 a).
Head rather small : eyes large and globose. Thorax clothed loith
depressed scales. Abdomen short, slender, clavate and tufted in
the males, rather stouter but obtuse in the females. Wmgs forming
a triangle in repose in some, in others extended ; superior subtrigo-
nate, the apex more or less acute ; inferior small, trigonate- ovate.
Coxse, anterior very long: tibiae, anterior very short, with a spine on
the inside, the others simple, spurred at the apex, hinder pair the
longest and spurred also above the apex (8 f) .■ tarsi long and 5-
jointed, basal joint very long, the remainder decreasing in length :
claws and pulvilli minute.

Larvae smooth and linear, tvith 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal
feet. Hub.

ViEGATA Curt. — Guide, Gen. 933, 4.

In the Author's Cabinet.

There is so great a difference in the habits of the following
insects that they ought to form two genera : the first rests with
its wings pl-aced triangularly, and in the two last species at
least, they are extended horizontally, although stated to the
contrary in the "Illustrations:" in which way the other four
species repose I am not able to determine.

* Posterior tibise a little thickened. Lozogramma Step.

1 . petraria Hub. — Wood, pi. 22./. 617.

Ochreous, shuiing ; superior wings with 2 oblique strigae having a dot
between them, the 2nd dark brown on the inside, with an indistinct
striga beyond it : inferior wings with a suffused brown streak at the
anal angle : 16 hnes in expanse.
End of May, June, and beginning of August, amongst Fern,
everywhere.

** Posterior tibia? not thickened. Phibalapteryx Step.

2. angustata Haw. — Wood,/. 616.

Wings dusky gray, with an oblique narrow fuscous fascia in the middle,
having a black dot with a white iris : 11 lines.
End of September in a garden at Camden Town, on the
authority of the "Illustrations".

3. lineolata Wien. Verz. — Wood^f.QlB.

Cinereous, superior wings with the hase dark, a hrown fascia inclosing

a black clot and 2 strigge often uniting under it ; 3 pale strigse towards

the posterior mai-gin, with a brown streak at the apex; inferior wings

with 3 or more pale strigse : 10 lines. It varies much in colour; the

female is sometimes very dark.

From the middle of May to the middle of August, Denes,

Yarmouth, Norfolk, Mr. C. J. Paget ; Covehithe, Suffolk :

Devil's Ditch, Newmarket Heath; Lewes, Brighton, and

Devon. The larva feeds on Galium verum (pi. 317).

4. virgata Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 623. ? .

Ash-colour, freckled with brown ; superior wings acute, with 6 oblique
pale strigjB on each, the 2nd and 5th forming a fascia, brown on the in-
side, inclosing the 3rd and 4th strigse, the former terminating in a black
dot on the disc, 5th and 6th strigje united, at the apex is an oblique
black streak : inferior wings pale at the base, with a pale double band
across the middle, and 2 or 3 beyond it ; margins of wings with a broken
dark-brown streak ; cilia pale, darker at the base ; underside reddish
brown: 10 lines.
This may be only a variety of No. 3, but both my speci-
mens, which were taken in Norfolk, differ from it in having
the fascia broader and nearly of equal breadth, the 3rd striga
is terminated by the spot, and the -ith and 5th are incurved at
the costa, not straight.

5. lignata Hiib. — lineataria Dofi. v. 14. pi. 485.y^ 1. 2.
Antennae very pilose : pale ochreous : wings with many brown lines,
superior with a narrow brown fascia, and a stripe of the same from the
apex to the inner margin : 12 lines.

Middle of August, marshy places, Cambridge, Battersea
Fields, New Forest, and Langport.

6. polygrammata Hiib. Geom. pi. 54. j^ 277. — cognata Step.
Dull ochreous ; wings with numerous dark and pale lines ; superior
with a dark streak to the discoidal dot, and another oblique one beyond
it, forming a fascia; posterior margin brown, with a pale streak at the
apex ; inferior with 3 or 4 straight bands, a crenated dark line and a pale
one : 13 lines.

My specimen came, I believe, from Cambridgeshire, and I
think I once took it at Horninjj in Norfolk.

7. vitalbata Hub.— Wood, f. 613.

Fulvous with numerous darker and lighter lines ; a broad brown streak
passing obliquely from the apex of the upper wings across them and
thi'ough the inferior: 17 lines.
End of May, June, hedges, Birch and Darent Woods, and

also with No. 8, in chalky districts, where Clematis vitalba

abounds.

S. tersata Huh. S -—Wood, f. 612.— ^mulata Hub. $ .

Brownish fulvous with numerous dark lines dotting the nervures, and
paler ones, especially on the inferior ; superior with an oblique brown
patch beyond the middle, and an outlined fascia and a dark streak be-
fore the middle, extending across the base of the inferior wings and the
abdomen : 16 lines.
The larva feeds on Clematis vitalba (pi. 342) in September

and Octobei-.

Poteniilla verna (Spring Cinquefoil) was communicated by

Mr. T. Howson, from Giggleswick, Yorkshire.

ji6

c^.-^/c/<&^^ CL^.-f.- /rf,

416.
MELANIPPE BLOMERI.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidas.

Type of the Genus, Phalaena Alchemillata Linn.
Melanippe Goda, Curt. — Emmelesia Ste., Curt. — Larentia & Aci-
dalia Treit. and Goda. — Cidaria Treit. — Geometra Hilh.
AnteniKE inserted on each side the crown of the head, close to
the eyes, short and setaceous, composed of numerous joints,
clothed with scales above and ciliated beneath, especially in the
males (I J").

Maxillce spiral and slender, shorter than the antennae (3).
Labial Palpi small, not visible from above, porrected horizontally,
sparingly clothed with short scales, the apex acute (4) ; triarti-
culate, basal joint the longest and stoutest, curved at the base,
2nd oblong, not much longer than the 3rd which is oval (4 a).
Head small, the scales o?i the face very close. Eyes globose. Wings
expanded when at rest, entire, superior trigonate, ivferior rather
narroio and rounded. Abdomen short, slightly tufted in both sexes.
Legs alike in the sexes. Thighs slender, posterior a little the longest.
Tibiae, anterior short with a long spine on the inside, intermediate
spurred at the apex, posterior with a pair of unequal spurs at the
apex and another pair just above them (8 !)• Tarsi 5-jointed, an-
terior a little the longest. Pulvilli and Claws minute.
Larvae loopers, dilated in the middle, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and

2 anal feet. Hiib,
Obs. the dissections and description are taken from M. sylvata Hub.

Blomeri Dale's MSS, — Curtis's Guide, Gen. 937.

Pale gray, freckled with minute black scales ; underside of an-
tennae subochreous : eyes black, face dark brown : superior wings
with a black striga and a faint fulvous one at the base, and a
short longitudinal dotted line ; a double blackish spot on the
costa before the middle, a broken striga beyond it, extending to
the posterior angle where it is double, the whole of the tip fulvous,
with a waved striga across the middle, the internal margin edged
with black, the posterior margin gray with an obscure crenated
black striga the whole breadth of the wing, the edge of the pos-
terior margin having a chain of 8 black dots 5 cilia dirty ochre :
inferior wings with an ochreous tint bearing several transverse
suffused fuscous bands, darkest at the abdominal margin, a
broad double one across the middle and another parallel and near
to the external margin which also bears a chain of blackish spots.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Wailes, Captain Blomer, and the Author.

After a careful investigation of this group I find a character
hitherto unnoticed, which will enable me to form 2 divisions.
The species figured is undoubtedly allied to M. sylvata, both

being distinguished by a dark brown face, and the structure
of the legs is perfectly alike.

* Posterior tibiae with two pair of spurs.

1. M. ericetata Curt. — Ste. pi. 32. f. 2. — Obs. the numbers in his Plate

are transposed.

Discovered by Mr. Dale and myself, the middle of July
1 825, amongst heath near the base of Schehallion ; taken since
in Cumberland in June.

6. M. albulata F. — Hiib. Geo. pi. 50. /. 257. — Beginning of June, be-

ginning of August. Pastures round London, in Cumberland,
Hants, &c.

7. M. rivulata Hub. 50. 259. — nassata Fab. — End of June. Copenhagen

Fields, Norfolk, and Ambleside.

8. M. Alchemillata L.i — Not the Alchemillata of Hiibner as stated by

Mr. Stephens, which is probably P. subtristata. I think it is
only a suffused variety of the following.
8=». M. turbata Hub. 49- 255. — Rare.

12. M. decolorata Hub. 47. 243. — The whole of June, pathways in woods

round London, in Hants, Northumberland, &c.

13. M. luteata i^.— centrata jP.— flavostrigata Don. 11. 386. 1. & 2. — End

of May, end of June ; open places in woods, Darent, Dover,
Newcastle, &c.

14. M. candidata Hub. 19. 101. — immutata F. — candidulata Haw. — End

of May ; open places. Coomb Wood, J. C. — Northumberland, &c.

15. M. sylvata Hub. 44. 231.— testaceata Don. 14. 487- 1.— End of May ;

chalky places and woods, Kent, and Coomb Wood.
15=1. M_ Blomeri Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 416. — Mr. Dale informs me that
Captain Blomer bred a specimen of this nondescript in the
autumn of 1830. For my specimen I am indebted to my friend
Mr. Wailes, who took several " the 4th and 5th July at Castle
Eden Dene, Durham, amongst Birch and Alders by the side of
the beck that runs through a dene formed in magnesian lime-
stone."

9. M. bifasciata Haw. 334. 56. — Birch wood; end of Augiast; hedges,

Dover, J. C. — Cambridge, and end of June, Scotland.
9". M. tseniata Ste. pi. 2>2.f. 3. — July, Cumberland.
10. M. unifasciata Haw. 335. 57. — Not the G. Salicata Hiib., which is a
Zerynthia. Beginning of August, open places in woods. Wester-
ham, Kent.

** Posterior tibiae with one pair of spurs only.

2. M. Monticola Curt. Guide.

The only specimen I have seen, I took the 4th August 1825,
on a hill near Oban, Argyleshire.

3. M. blandiata Hub. 50. 258. — June? near Callendar, Perthshire, Mr.

Walker.

4. M. rusticata F. — Hub.46. 241. — June, thick woods and paling, Coombe

and Kent.

5. M. trigonata Haiv. 338. 68. — Beginning of August, Westerham, Kent,

and June, Cumberland. I am not certain that this belongs to
our genus.

Cypripedium Calceolus (European Ladies' Slipper). This
beautiful specimen was communicated by Mrs. Murchison, who
informed me that the plant was found wild at Castle Eden
Dene, and transplanted into a garden at Petersfield, Hants.

384

C^.^fy <J: jS.*^ ii^.- f.- /3-c5/

7- / ^3c^
384.

ACID ALIA DEGENERARIA.

The Portland ribbon Wave.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae.

Type of the Genus, Phalsena aversata Linn.

AciDALiA Treit. — Dosithea Dup. — Ptychopoda Steph., Curt. Guide
Gen. 938. — Phalaena Linn.

Antennce inserted on each side the crown of the head, rather short,
setaceous, composed of numerous joints, clothed with scales
above, hairy or ciliated beneath, especially in the males (1).
MaxillcB spiral, slender, nearly as long as the antennae (3).
Labial Palpi small, porrected horizontally, sparingly clothed
with short scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint curved, the
longest, 3rd the shortest ovate-conic (4 a).
Head transverse, the scales on the face not projecting beyond the large
globose Eyes (7). Wings extended horizontally when at rest, supe-
rior elongate trigonate, inferior rounded, the margin entire. Coxae,
anterior long. Thighs slender, posterior very short. Tibiae, anterior
short, with an internal spine, intermediate spurred at the apex, pos-
terior hollow in the male, inclosing a long brush of hairy scales on
the inside, which are sometimes expanded like a fan (Sf) ; termi-
nated by a pair of spurs in the female (8?). Tarsi 5-jointed,
anterior very long, posterior very short in the male. Claws and
Pulvilli concealed beneath the projecting scales.
Larvae loopers, without tubercles, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and
2 anal feet.

Degeneraria //iife. Geom.pl. 1 1. f 57. mas. — Dup. v. 8. pi. 175. A.var.
Female pale fuscous ochre ; face dull chestnut, crown of head
whitish : superior wings with the costa red, a reddish brown
fascia a little before the middle, with a black dot towards the
costa, the edges waved, between it and the posterior margin are
2 parallel sinuated fuscous strigae, the inner one angnlated and
divaricating at the costa ; and at the base of the cilia is a fuscous
line : inferior wings with the reddish brown fascia continued
across them and occupying the base, beyond it and near the
centre is a black dot, the two waved strigas are also continued
round these wings but are further apart and there is a third one
scarcely visible, cilia the same as in the other wings.

In the Cabinet of the Author.

In my Guide I adopted Mr. Stephens's name for this genus ;
and supposing that he had studied the group I followed his
arrangement of the species, leaving out his division C, which
evidently had nothing to do with the others ; he has subse-
quently divided these 21 species into two genera not formed
of his own divisions but of species from both, transferring siib-
roseata to Timandra, and taking the hint from me has cast off

the 4 last species, of which he has made two more genera, so
that the jjenus in his Catalogue is now distributed througli five
genera.

As Treitschke first called the group Acidalia, and I am not
disposed to divide it into several genera, I must abandon the
name Ptychopoda employed in my Guide; and finding Mr. Ste-
phens's last arrangement the most correct, I shall follow it here,
making such additions and corrections as may be necessary.

1. A. dilutata Haiv. — dilutaria Hub. 19, 100? — reversaria Treit., Bup.

pi. 173. 3. July and August, skirts of woods and hedges, common.
A. fimbriolata and A. cinereata Ste. are probably varieties : the G. de-
coraria Hiih. referred to in Mr. Stephens's Catalogue, does not even belong
to this division, and I have never heard of its being taken in England.

2. A. lividata Linn. — scutularia Hub. 14. 72. Beginning of June and

July, hedges.

3. A. bisetata Treit., Dtip. 173. 4. — trigeminata Haw. — scutularia Hub.

14. 73. End of May and June, hedges and chalky places, Darent.
4.^A. ornataria Hiib. 14. 70. — Dup. 173. 1. — paludata Sam. June and
July, chalky places, Darent, &c.

5. A. contiguaria Hiib. 20. 105.— b. July, Wrentham, Suffolk. June,

walls, Norwich. — m. August, Dover, grassy places.

6. A. incanata Linn. — immutaria Hiih. 20. 108. — Roesel, v. 1. Class iii.

tab. 11. End of August, on Colt's-foot at Bartoii Cliff, Hants;
Beginning of September, on stones. Isle of Wight.

7. A. immutata Linn. — sylvestraria Hub. 18. 97- — punctaria Dup. 177.

3? July, marshy places, Norfolk and Whittlesea-mere.

8. A. rubricaria? Hub. 21. 111. & 94. 487. Mr. J. Standish took one the

beginning of August flying in the day in the North Foreland Mea-
dow, Dover. I doubt if it belong to this genus.

9. A. ossearia Hiib. 19- 102. — subochreata Ste. var. End of June, hedges

and woods, Darent, &c.

10. A. marginepunctata Ste. Taken in the New Forest by J. C. Dale, Esq.

11. A. virgularia Hub. I9. 104. var. — b. July, hedges, common.

12. A. subsericeata i/aw. July, open places in Darent Wood.

13. A. inornata Haw. Taken with the last.

14. A. aversata Linn., Hub. 11. 56. The other figure referred to by Mr.

Stephens is an Eupithecia ! — m. July ; b. September, common in
shady groves.

15. A. remutata Linn. Found with the last.

16. A. degeneraria Hiib. — Curt. B. E. pi. 384. fern. The only specimen I

have seen of this rare moth I found on a block of stone at the back
of the Isle of Portland the 24th of last June in company with my
friend Mr. Dale.

17. A. fuliginata Haiv. June, near London.

18. A. fumata Curt, was taken on heaths near Schehallion and in the

Black Wood, Loch Rannoch the 12th and 14th July 1825, by Mr.
Dale and myself, and was one of the 23 species of Lepidoptera that
were first discovered by us in Scotland in the course of a few weeks.

19. A. lactata Haw. — sublactata Hatv. var. End of May, shady groves,

common. The G. sericeata of Hiib. referred to by Mr. Stephens is
not a British insect.

20. A. floslactata Haw. — remutaria Hiib. 18. 98. End of May ; b. June,

shady groves.

21. A. pallidaria Hiib. 18. 96. The only British specimen I have seen of

this, I received from Kent. It is totally different to my A. fumata,
to which Mr. Stephens has referred it.

The Plant is Rubus casms (Dew-berry). The fruit has
been represented in Plate 356.

4^^

r,.c<nJ^y^,XJO^C

132.

MACARIA LITURATA.

The Tawny-barred Angle.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat.^ Leach.

Type of the Genus Phaleena liturata Linn.

Macaria Nob. — Phalaena Linn., Fab., Haw. — Geometra Hub.

Antenna inserted between the eyes, near to the back of the head,
setaceous, long and slender in both sexes, composed of numerous
elongated joints, each being covered above with 2 series of scales,
pilose beneath (fig. 1 a, represents 2 joints of the female) ; in
the males they are produced on the internal side, which gives
them a serrated appearance (I).
Maxilla; not so long as the antennae (3).

Labial palpi 2, projecting very little beyond the head, obtuse,
covered with scales (4.4), 3-jointed, basal joint the longest,
slightly curved, 2nd large elongate-ovate, 3rd small subovate
(4 a).
Head small. Eyes globose (7). Abdomen rather short, linear in the
males, somewhat conical in the females. Wings entire, extended hori-
zontally when at rest ; superior slightly falcate, sometimes with the
posterior margin indented near the apex ; inferior angulated. Thighs
covered with short scales. Tibiae ; anterior scarcely longer than the
basal joint of the tarsus, having a small spine on the internal side;
middle pair terminated by spurs ; posterior more robust in the males
than females, with 2 pair of spurs, a suture down the inside, from
which can be exserted a long fascicle of hair which does not extend
beyond the apex. Tarsi 5 -jointed, posterior short in the male.
Claws distinct, acute. Pulvilli small (8 f hind leg of male).
Larvai loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Liturata Linn. Faun. Suec. 12/3. — Haw. Lep. Brit, jo.346. n. 92.
Lilac with a rosy tinge, minutely spotted with black. Head,
anterior margin of thorax and an obscure fascia on the superior
wings, near the posterior margin ochraceous ; 3 transverse lines
upon the same, the 2nd and 3rd of which are continued across
the inferior, fuscous irregularly spotted with black ; apex cine-
reous with a lunar ferruginous spot : inferior wings with a fim-
bria of lilac colour. Abdomen ochraceous at the margins, with
a double row of black spots down the back. Beneath orange
spotted with brown ; superior wings whitish at the tips, inferior
with a fimbria of the same colour.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale, Mr, Stephens, and the Author.

It has often occurred to me that the Phalecnidde mi<j[ht with
great propriety be divided into 2 famihes, one having the an-
tennae of the males pectinated, the other with the antennae
simple; the former might be denominated Geometridce, the
latter remain as Plialdenida:. Of those with pectinated antennae
we have already described the genus Aids ; and the present
group, which we propose calling Macaria, appears to form a
parallel to that genus in the division with simple antennae.
Mr. Stephens has formed an admirable genus in his cabinet,
which he calls Pti/chnpoda, making Phalcena dilutata Haw.
the type, including P. immutata and aversata Linn, and their
congeners. Macaria will follow those, and contains —

1 M. emarginata Fab. — rumigerata Don. 14. 493. 2.

2 imitata nob. — imitaria Hilb.^ Haw.

3 dimidiata Haw. — 4-punctata Don. 14. 493. 3?

4 praenotata Haw. — liturata Hub.

5 notata Linn.

6 praeatomata Haw.

7 liturata Linn. — alternaria, lituraria Hub.

The following species are closely allied, although they want
some of the characters.

8 M. heparata Hub., Haw.

9 Thymiata nob. — Thymiaria Linn. — vernaria Don.

Br. Lis. 9. 310.
10 clathrata Limi.
' 11 maculata Fab. — macularia Linn.., Don. 7. 251. 3.

12 4-maculata Haw., Ent. Trans, tab. 6. f. 2.

13 bimaculata Fab. — Taminaria Hiib.

14 punctata Fab. — nubeculata Haw. — Temeraria i?//6.

Macaria liturata lives in the deepest recesses of fir planta-
tions where the sun can scarcely penetrate, resting in the day
upon the trunks of the trees. It was first recorded as a British
insect by Mr. Haworth m his Lep. Brit., who at that time
had seen but one specimen : Mr. Dale has since taken it in
plenty in a large and thick grove of Scotch firs at St. Leonards
or Barnfield near Ringwood, Hampshire, 24th July 1824;
and it has been this year taken by a collector in the same
neighbourhood the end of June in a very fine condition.

The plant is Lamium album (White Archangel).

JOS

508.

OURAPTERYX SAMBUCARIA.

The Swallow-tail Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidse.

Type of the Genus, Geometra Sambucaria Linn.

OuRAPTERYX Lettch, Sam., Curt. — Acsena Och. — Urapteryx Goda. —
Phalsena Geometra Linn., Hlib., Haw.

AntenntE a little stouter in the male than female, long and seta-
ceous, inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
clothed with scales above, very pubescent (not ciliated) be-
neath (1).

Labrum triangular (2).

Mandibles horny ovate and ciliated internally (2).
MaxillcE nearly as long as the antennae, rather slender and
spiral (3).

Labial Palpi recurved, thickly clothed with scales, long beneath

on the basal joint, the apical one just apparent, composed of

3 joints, 1 st the longest and stoutest, curved, 2nd nearly as long,

slender and slightly attenuated, 3rd minute ovate (4 and 4 a).

Male smaller than the female. Head small and short, densely clothed

with short scales : eyes globose and lateral. Thorax tolerably

robust, clothed with long silky hairs. Abdomen slender in the male,

stouter in the female. Wings ample extended horizontally in repose,

superior trigonate, the apex slightly acuminated, inferior extending

beyond the body, acuminated at the middle and forming a tail, cilia very

short. Legs rather long. Tibiae, anterior with a long twisted lanceolate

spine on the inside, intermediate pair long and terminated by short

spurs, posterior longer and robust, with a bundle of fine long silken

hhirs on the inside, protected in a groove, with a pair of short spurs

at and another pair above the apex (Sf hind leg).

Larvae, loopers with Q pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Sambucaria Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 940. 1.

Pale yellow ; underside of antennae and maxUlae ferruginous ;
face ^nd palpi ferruginous-brown ; eyes pitchy ; wings witli
transverse pale brownish lines, more crowded and strongest
towards the posterior margin ; superior with two yellovidsh
brown strigae across the centre, with a very slender crescent
of the same colour between them, the outer striga concave, the
inner one nearly straight and continued across the inferior wings
almost to the anal angle ; on these wings there are two scarlet
spots at the base of each tail, the margins freckled with black, the
inner one often very minute ; cilia orange, bright in the under
wings.

In the Author s and other Cabinets.

The interesting history of Urania and the vahiable illustrations
lately published in the Transactions of the Zoological Society,
from the able pen and pencil of Mr. W. S. MacLeay, induced
me to examine Ourapteryx, some species of which are said to
inhabit Surinam, and probably other countries where Urania
is found, which it considerably resembles in its contour, and
even the spots on the under wings seem to be borrowed from
the Papilionidae to adorn this elegant Moth. There is, how-
ever, no affinity between Urania and Ourapteryx, the former
being allied to the Hesperidse and the latter belonging to the
true Phalaenidae : it is evidently related to my Genus Macaria
(pi. 132.), and like many others of this family the posterior
tibiae are dilated and furnished with long hairs on the inside.
The larva is a true looper, and the manner in which the case,
formed of leaves to inclose the pupa, is suspended, like the
nests of some birds, is very remarkable. The chrysalis seems
to be furnished at the tail with an elongated bifid hook, at-
taching it most likely to the case, by which means the moth
is better enabled to extricate itself when it is hatched. Sepp's
beautiful figures of the larvae do not quite agree with those of
Hiibner, from whom ours is copied, as well as the plant, cocoon
and pupa (fig. P.), and this is represented by Sepp much more
like the chrysalis of a Papilio.

The antennae are described by Linnaeus as pectinated, and
by Dr. Leach as somewhat ciliated, but they are merely
densely clothed beneath with short oblique hairs.

O. Sambucaria is distributed over the whole of Europe, and
is by no means uncommon in most places in this country in
gardens and hedges, the beginning of July: at Swaffham
Prior in Cambridgeshire Dr. Jermyn observes it in abundance
in his Garden, and Mr. Simmons has frequently found it in
Huntingdonshire in White-thorn hedges in the evening,
generally after a shower of rain.

The favourite food of the Caterpillar is the Common Elder
{Sambucus nigra), but it feeds also on the leaves of many other
plants, as the Jasmine, the Privet, the Sallow, and, I presume,
the Gooseberry, as Hiibner has represented the Caterpillars
feeding on that bush.

COS

c^jL/-.- /y U^.€«/>4^cj,./y ■/.'fad^

1^- I'm

OD.J.

PLATYPTERYX FALCATARIA.

The Pebble Hook-tip Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaeniclge.

Type of the Genus, Phalsena falcataria Linn.

Platypteryx Lasp.,Och.,Goda,Curt. — Drepana Schr., Lasp.,Curt. —
Syssaura and Bombyx Hiib. — Falcaria Haw. — Phalsena Linfi.

Antenna inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
short, bipectinated in the male (1) ; simple or slightly bipectinate
in the female (1 ? ): the branches ciliated internally.
Maxilla short, broad and leathery, formed of 2 lobes curved at
the apex, where the internal margin is slightly ciliated (3).
Labial Palpi small, hairy and recurved, appearing like a pencil
of hairs (4); triarticulate, basal joint the longest and stoutest,
straight, 2nd curved, 3rd nearly as long as the 2nd, compressed
and sublanceolate (a).
Head very short, clothed ivith depressed scales : eyes lateral and sub-
globose (7). Thorax small and clothed with depressed scales. Ab-
domen short and slender, especially in the males. Wings nearly
horizontal {or triangular according to Sepp) in repose, superior
ample and more or less falcated, sometimes indented : inferior gene-
rally rounded. Tibiae, anterior ivith an internal spine near the apex,
the others spurred, the hinder pair sometimes with spurs above the
apex (8 (^): tarsi rather stout and 5-jointed : claws small.
Larva; tuberculated, with 6 pectoral and 8 abdominal feet. Pupa,
contained in a cocoon, inclosed in a partially rolled leaf.

Falcataria Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 943. 1.

Ochreous, sometimes brownish ; superior wings with 2 denti-
culated brown strigse near the base and another angulated one
beyond the middle, with a roundish slate- coloured spot on the
disc and 2 dots above it, an oblique brown line sometimes suf-
fused issuing from the apex, with an indented line, curved at
the tip, where it is purplish, and running parallel to the cilia
which are brown : inferior wings with 4 denticulated strigae and
a serrated line round the posterior margin, with a row of dusky
spots above. Abdomen banded with fuscous.
In the Author s and other Cabinets.

The remarkable Larvae so much resembling those of Cerura
(the Puss and Kitten Moths, fol. 193.), and the perfect Insects
so very like the Atlas Moth in miniature, led some naturalists
to associate this group with the Bombycidae; but I think Pla-
typteryx is more allied to the Phalaenidae, and that the place
assigned to them in the Guide is more natural : at the same
time it is worth observing, that whilst in that species most re-
sembling the Atlas Moth the maxillae are more like those of the
Bombycidae, when they are present in that family ; in those
removed from the type they are well developed and spiral.

The following sections appear to nie to be much more useful
than dividing this group into two genera on the mere outline
of the wings.

A. Posterior tibiae armed with one pair of spurs.
* Superior wings denticulated.

1. P. lacertinaria Z,mw. — Dow. 7. 251.2. — sc'mculaHub.Bomb.

12. 50. — curvula Haw. and cultraria Lea. vars.
End of May, Birch-trees; " March 7th, 1801, in Mr. Li-
vius's garden, Bedford, Dr. Abbot;" Teignmouth, Captain
Blomer; Bere-wood, Dorset, Mr. Streatfield; June 30th,
Castle Eden Dene, Mr. Wailes. — cultraria, July 22nd, Elsing-
ton-wood, Dorset, Mr. Dale. Larva end of September on
Birch-trees.

** Superior wings falcated but entire.

2. falcataria Lhin. — Curt. B. E. pi. 555 S- — Sepp, v. 2. ^.12. —

falcula Hub. 11. 44<.

Middle of May, middle of June, and beginning of August,
Birch-wood; New Forest, Parley Copse, and Cranborne
Chace, Mr. Dale; Stover-woods, Devon, Capt. Blomer; and
Yorkshire. The beautiful specimen figured was taken, I be-
lieve, at Kinnordy by Mr. C. Lyell. The larva, an outline of
which is added, is found in August on the Birch, Alder,
Trembling Poplar, Sallow, and Oak.

B. Posterior tibiae armed with two pair of spines. Maxillae
more developed and perfect.

3. hamula Hub. 12. 4:6. <$-A'7.—Goda, 140. 3.— falcata i^a^.—

sicula Sepp, v. 2. t. 16.
Middle of July, Oak-woods; flying in the day in Birch-
wood the middle of last May, Mr. J. Stand ish ; end of May
and beginning of June, Clapham Park Wood and Enborne.
Larva on Oak and Birch-trees.

4. uncula Hub, 12. 45.

Indicated in the Syst. Cat. as a var. of the foregoing, but I
know no reason for considering it as such, neither am I aware
of any British specimen existing in our Cabinets. Haworth
refers with doubt to the above figure as synonymous with
Mr. Swainson's Insect.

5. unguicula Hilb. 12. 48. — Goda, 140. 4. — sicula Esp.
June, Richmond Park : Mr. B. Standish says the males fly

about like Orgyia antiqua (fol. 378) ; near Beech, New Forest,
beginning of May, and at Glanville's Wootton and Middle-
marsh end of May and beginning of June, Mr. Dale. Larva
on Oak, Beech, and Black-thorn.

6. fasciata Step. — uncula Haw.
Taken in England by Mr. Swainson.

The Plant is Arbutus Uvaursi (Bearberries) in fruit, with an
outline of the flower.

1^- /'^3r
575.

HALIAS QUERCANA.

The Green or scarce silver-lines.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Tortrix Quercana Hiib.
Halias Treit., Dpnchl., Curt. — Cloephora Step. — Hylophila Hiib.,
Step. — Earis Hub. — Pyralis Fab. — Tortrbc Linn., Haw.
Antenna inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
capillary, rather short and slender, composed of oblong joints,
each with 2 bristles and 2 layers of scales outside, pubescent
within (1), basal joint stout and subturbinate, terminal one
ovate-conic, acuminated and pilose.

Maxillce spiral and much longer than the palpi, the apex fur-
nished with tentacula (3). Palpi very minute (3 a).
Labial palpi porrected obliquely beyond the head, clothed with
short scales (4), distinctly triarticulate, basal joint long and
curved, 2nd linear not stouter, nor twice as long, 3rd more
slender, horny, subelliptic and compressed, with a calloua spot
at the apex (4 a).
Head transverse-ovate : eyes prominent and orbicular (7, head in pro-
file) : ocelli minute. Thorax clothed with rather long depressed
hairy scales. Abdomen conical at the apex, rather obtuse in the
males. Wings gently deflexed and forming a triangle in repose,
superior broad, the costa curved, apex truncated obliquely, cilia very
short ; inferior wings rather small, rounded, cilia short : tibiae, an-
terior with a broad internal spine, the others terminated by unequal
spurs, hinder very long and stout, with a pair of spurs also below the
middle : tarsi 5-jointed, posterior with series of spines beneath (8 f
hind leg) .
Larvae naked, slightly attenuated to the tail, with 6 pectoral, 8 abdo-
minal and 2 anal feet.
Pupae obtuse, inclosed in boat-shaped cocoons, closely and firmly made
with silk, upon the leaves of trees.

Quercana Hiib. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 945. 2.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

Mr. Stephens in his Illustrations says he has "adopted the
name employed by Hlibner (viz. Hylophila) in preference to
that of Treilschke( Halias), both on the score of priority, and
to avoid the confusion by using a word far too similar to Halia."
Mr. Stephens is singularly unfortunate in his corrections, for
Hiibner's name has been for many years employed by Mr.
Kirby to designate a genus of Hemiptera, which has been
adopted by Mr. Stephens in his Systematic Catalogue.

These beautiful insects, which are the largest of the family,
cannot be surpassed in the charming combination of green and
white in which they are clothed. The caterpillars form com-
pact cocoons, like a boat, sometimes with the keel uppermost,

instead of rolling the leaf up as practiised by the genuine Tor-
tricidae.

Although there are only 3 British species, they vary con-
siderably in their form, &c., and by the following divisions it
will be seen that if the last be established as a genus, the other
two have equal claims to the same distinction. It is remark-
able that all English writers, until the error was corrected in
my Guide, had misnamed the two first species. The mistake
originated in Fabricius; but it is singular, after the observation
made by Donovan, and the clear description of Linnaeus in his
Faun. Suec, that Haworth and other writers should not have
seen their error.

* Antenna2 tapering to the base and apex. Palpi slightly
hairy.

1. H. prasina Linn. — Fragana Fab. — Don. 8. 281. — Sylvana

Fab.

White, head and thorax green, lateral lobes margined with white :
superior wings pea-green, with 3 oblique white lines, that reach-
ing the apex curved ; cilia, costa, outside of legs and antennre
bright red in the male : expansion of wings 18 lines.
From the end of May to end of July, paths in woods round
London, also in Durham, Bedford, Kent, and Devon. Pen-
wood, Hants; near Newbury; New Forest and Glanville's
Wootton ; Mr. Dale.
Larva in Aug. and Sept. on Beech, Birch, Alder, and Oak.

** Antennae setaceous. Palpi clothed with short scales.

2. Quercana Hiib. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 575. — prasinana Fab.

White ; clypeus, outside of palpi, antennae and anterior legs bright
red, crown of head, thorax (except the anterior margin), and su-
perior wings of a fine uniform grass green, 2 fine ohlique white
lines across the centre, the costa and cilia white also. Seldom so
large as the figure.
From middle of June to middle of July, Coomb, Birch, and
Darent Woods; once found in Durham. Glanville's Wootton
and Middle Marsh ; Mr. Dale.

Larva on Oaks and Alders, in May and September.

*** Palpi rather stouter, 2nd joint more scaly.

3. Clorana Li7in. — Hiib. 25. 160.

White; thorax, excepting the collar, green; superior wings of

the same colour, with a broad space on the costa at the base and

the cilia white : expansion 1 1 lines.

Beginning of June, Willow-beds, near Norwich and Parley

Heath, Hants; 19th July, Whittlesea Mere, J. C. Battersea

Fields, and the banks of the Thames at Woolwicli, Plumstead

and Erith, in Kent.

From M. Duponchel we learn that the larva is found in
France, the end of July and beginning of August, on various
Sallows, feeding amongst the leaves at the extremity of a twig
or branch, which it unites with threads.

Obs. The larva, pupa, and oak-leaves are copied from
Hlibner ; the moth and cocoon are from nature.

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7G3.

TORTRIX GALIANA.
The Sweet Gale Tortrix.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Tyiie of the Genus, Tortrix viridana Linn.

TouTRix Linn., Hub., Haw., Och., Goda, Curt. — Pyralis Lat., Fab.
— Lozotsenia &; Ditula Step.

Antenna inserted on the crown of the head, shorter than the
body, setaceous, stoutest in the males, and very pubescent be-
neath (1 (^ the base).

Maxilla shorter than the labial palpi, formed of 2 rather broad
spiral lobes (3). Paljji short, attached to a tubercle or scajje,
biarticulate, basal joint the largest, both ovate (3 a).
Labial palpi large, porrected horizontally beyond the head, par-
allel, densely clothed with scales, which form an arch or crest
above and a keel beneath, projecting almost to the apex, on
which the terminal joint rests (4) : triarticulate, basal joint
short, curved, pyriform-truncate, 2nd very long and intiated
beyond the middle, 3rd as long as the 1st; slender elliptical
and slightly drooping (a).
Head small, thickly tufted on the crown : eyes large and globose (7,
the profile). Thorax not crested. Abdomen linear, the apex lifted
in the male, stouter, shorter, ovate and obtuse in the female. Wings
forming an ovate triangle in repose : superior elliptic, the costa very
much arched and rounded at the base, the apex truncated, sometimes
a little falcated, posterior angle rounded : inferior wings a little in-
dented near the apex : cilia short. Legs rather skoi't and stout :
tibiae, anterior very short, with a long internal spine, intermediate
with a very long and a short spur at the apex, the others toith 2
pair of spurs, one pair at the middle (Sf) : tarsi moderate and 5-
jointed : claws and pulvilli minute.
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet : Pupss ivith the
abdominal segments serrated.

Galiana Bent. MSS.—Curt. Guide, Gen. 946. 4.

Male shining, yellowish mouse-colour : superior wings broad,
elongate-trapezate with obscure ferruginous patches : inferior
palest at the base ; cilia yellowish-white. Female subferrugi-
nous ; superior wings slightly narrowed beyond the middle, the
apex a little produced, faintly reticulated, with a broad oblique
fascia across the middle, abbreviated, truncated and not reach-
ing the posterior angle, and an obscure dash on the costa near
the apex : inferior fuscous ; cilia and abdomen whitish-ochre.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Bentley, Mr. Dale, and the Author.

The group which best represents the Tortrices of Linnaeus
is nearly allied to HaliaSy pi. 575 ; their wings repose in a
similar attitude, but the maxillae are much shorter, the palpi
are horizontal and very different, and their metamorphoses
vary very considerably : the same broad triangular or ovate
but depressed form of the wings when resting, distinguishes
them from most of the other I'ortricidse ; and from Peronea

541

and those genera which they most resemble hi this respect,
it is not so easy to separate them, except by the characters
which the superior wings suj>ply.

Many of the Tortrices are very destructive to plants, some
causing most extensive injury to the vines, especially in France;
others destroy our roses, and T. viridana sometimes com-
pletely defoliates our oak-trees. The caterpillars roll them-
selves up in the leaves, forming a tunnel open at both ends,
and when disturbed they wriggle out, being very active, and
fall down suspended by a thread, which enables them to re-
ascend when their alarm has ceased : they change to pupae
in the rolled leaf, the chrysalis being slightly held by a few
threads, but they vary considerably in their oeconomy.

1. viridana Linn. — Hilb. 25. 156. — Wood, j)L 29. 844.

2. flavana Hilb. 25. 157.— palleana Ock.— Wood, 846.

3. unitana Hilb. 19. 123. — Viburnana Och. — TVood, 847.

4. Galiana Bent.— Curt. Brit. But. pi. 763. c?- ? .

First noticed by Mr. Bentley, who took it, I believe, at
Whittlesea Mere in July : I have captured both sexes on Par-
ley heath, also near Kenmare and Glengariff, and in the Isle
of Skye in August, where I observed the terminal shoots of
the Myrica spun together, probably by the larvae of this moth.

5. Forsterana Fab. — Wood, 848.

6. Avellana Linn.l — Sorbiana Hiib. 18. 113. — Wood, 849.

7. Carpiniana i/wi. 18. 116. — heparana Och. — Wood, 850. —
fasciana and Pasquayana Fab.

8. Ribeana Hub. 18. U^.— Wood, 852.

9. Cerasana Hiib. 19. \\9.— Wood, 854.

10. Corylana Fab. — Wood, 855. — textana Hilb. 18. 1 15.

11. Rosana Lin7i. — Wood, 861. S- ? .

12. fulvana W. V. — Ameriana Limi. — Pyrastrana Hiib. 20.
124. var. — Gerningana Haw.

13. Oxyacanthana Hiib. 18. 117. — a.CQva.x\a Hiib. 19. 118. —
variana Fal. — laevigana W. V. — Wood, 857.

14. BranderianaX/ww.? — Wood,S62. — Crataegana/jrMZ».17.107.

15. Roborana Hilb. 20. 125. $ .— 126. S .^ Wood. 864.— Xy-
losteana Treit.

16. XylosteanaL/wn. — Wood,86S. — characteranai72VZ».20.125.

17. oporana Xmw. — Hiib. 18. 112. — Wood, 860. — Herman-
niana W. V.

18. costana Fab.l — Wood, 866. — Gnomana Hiib. 21. 131. —
Betulana Don. — Spectrana Och.

19. Grotiana Fab. — Wood, 871.— flavana Hilb. 21. 133. —
Ochreana Hilb. 21. 134.

20. croceana Hiib. 19. VZO.— Wood, 856.

21. sylvana Hilb. 20. 128. — Wood, 902.

22. cruciana Linn. — Wood, 873. — c'meranaFab.? — angustana
Hiib. 32. 205.

23. angustiorana Haw. — Wood, 879. — rotundana Haw.
The pilose antennae of the male will induce me to refer this

species to my genus Jmphisa.

The plant is Myrica Gale, Sweet Gale or Dutch Myrtle.

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209.
AMPHISA WALKERANA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidse Leach.

Type of the Genus Tortrix pectinana Hub.
Amphisa Nob. — Tortrix Hub.

AntenncE remote, inserted close to the eyes (fig. 1) ; setaceous,
bipectinated, each joint producing 2 equal branches, gradually
lengthening to the middle, each branch irregularly pilose (la) j
or the joints producing a tuft of hair on each side (lb).
Maxilla- short, not longer than the Palpi (3).
Labial Palpi rather remote, porrected horizontally, considerably
longer than the head, thickly clothed with scales, subclavate (4),
triarticulate, basal joint small drooping, 2d long horizontal, ro-
bust, subclavate, 3d short, slender, slightly nutant (4 a and 4 b).
Head rather broad. Eyes small. Abdomen tufted at the apex. Wings
probably horizontal and forming a triangle when at rest ; superior
longer than the body, narrowed at the base, truncated obliquely, costal
margin slightly indented, discoidal cell open at the apex, the superior
half producing only 6 nervures, the apical one being furcate at the
extremity (9). Tibiae, anterior very short, posterior long, producing
2 spines at the apex and a pair at the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed.
CaterpiWsLXS with 16 feet?

Walkebana Nob.

Pale grayish ochre, sometimes fuscous. Antennae robust at the
base, each joint producing tufts of hairs of unequal length (lb).
Palpi hairy and less elongated than in the type (4 b). Head and
thorax subferruginous ; abdomen black, sprinkled with whitish
scales, the apex tufted with ochreous hairs. Superior wings pale,
sometimes dark gray, fuscous towards the base, with a large tri-
angular subferruginous spot broadest at the costa, upon which
is an oblique oblong gray spot and a small one at the apex :
inferior wings ochraceous spotted with fuscous, darkest at the
base.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Walker and the Author.

It frequently happens that very natural groups of Lepido-
ptera cannot be formed into genera by the same rules as the
other orders ; and as the caterpillars are frequently so very

dissimilar even in kindred insects, that they cannot be de-
pended upon in the combination of species, it becomes ex-
tremely difficult to characterize them. As we believe that
most valuable characters might be obtained from the attitudes
and figures of the moths when at rest, from the disposition of
their wings, abdomens, antennae and legs, especially amongst
the Tortricidae andTineidse, we would recommend an attention
to this subject. It may not be thought irrelevant to observe,
that we believe from experience, that in all the other orders,
the best sources oi generic distinction are the trophi, antennae,
and the nervures of the wings ; that species ought to be di-
stinguished by form, sculpture, and disposition of colour, which
latter character however, as well as size in most orders, is
subject to great variations, and is the criterion of sex or varie-
ties : this ought strongly to be impressed upon the mind of
the student, because the ends of science will be better answered
by generalizing than by dividing where it is not absolutely
necessary.

Of the genus described there are at present but two species,
which may be distinguished from the rest of the family by
their pectinated antennae.

1. A. pectinana Hilb. pi. \^.f. 108. In ascending Craig-
challoch, near Killin, the 21st July 1825, I took a single
specimen of this moth amongst the heath : about the same time
Mr. Stone (who obligingly gave me specimens) received several
from Birmingham ; and amongst some valuable insects cap-
tured in Scotland, and communicated by Charles Lyell, Esq.,
was a specimen taken the beginning of last September in the
neighbourhood of Kinnordy.

2. A. Walkerana 'Nob. Two specimens of this pretty moth
which I have the pleasure of dedicating to the captor, were
taken last summer near Lanark by Henry Walker, Esq., and
transmitted to his brothers at Southgate, to whose friendship
and liberality I am indebted for this and many other rarities.

All the specimens of this genus hitherto discovered have
pectinated antennae, and appear to be males.

The plant is Cerastium latifolium (Broad-leaved rough
Chickweed), which I met with on the mountains of Scotland
and Westmoreland.

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571.

P^DISCA SEMIFASCIANA.

The short-barred Grey Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Tortrix profundana Wien. Verz.

P^DiscA Treit. — Thirates Treit., Curt. — Eudemis and Aphaniai/ufi.
— Ditula Step. — Tortrix Haw., Treit. — Pyralis Fab.
Antenna inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
short and setaceous, composed of numerous turbinate joints
clothed with scales above, pubescent beneath (1).
MaxillcB spiral, but not longer than the palpi (3).
Labial palpi porrected obliquely, a little divaricating, clavate,
compressed, densely clothed with short scales, the tip of the
apical joint apparent (4), triarticulate, basal joint short, clavate,
2nd long and inflated towards the apex, 3rd a little shorter
than the 1st, slender, elongate-conic (4 a).
Head rough with hairy scales : eyes large and ovate : ocelli distinct.
Thorax clothed with depressed scales. Abdomen rather long linear
and tufted at the apex in the male. Wings very slightly deflexed in
repose, rather short and broad; superior with the casta arched, the
apex truncated and rounded; inferior ovate-trigonate, very little
emarginate towards the apex, cilia short. Legs, anterior the short-
est and stoutest: tibicC, anterior very short, obtrigonate, with an in-
ternal spine ; intermediate robust, spurred at the apex, hinder long
and stout, loith a pair of unequal spurs at the apex, and another pair
at the middle : tarsi 5 -jointed: claws minute (8 f, hind leg).
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ?.
Obs. The dissections ivere taken from the Insect figured.

Semifasciana Haio. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 948. 5.

Silvery-grey, sometimes cinereous : superior wings with numer-
ous short irregular transverse lines most distinct on the costa ;
a brown angulated fascia near the base, with several black dots ;
an abbreviated brown fascia at the middle of the costa termi-
nated in the centre by a longitudinal black line ; there are 2
brown spots on the costa towards the apex, where there are
also several black dots sometimes assuming a furcate form : in-
ferior wings and abdomen ochreous fuscous.
Obs. Sometimes the black dots are not visible and the line is
very indistinct.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

Whilst my Guide was printing I received Treitschke's 7th
volume, just in time to add his names to the Tortricidse, and
amongst them Thirates. Hubner, it appears, had divided this
little group into two genera, yet Mr. Stephens has lately
given it a new name, so tliat the five species ai-e burthened

with as many generic appellations, and he adds, " the genus
is decidedly not synonymous with Thirates of Treitschke, as
given by Mr. Curtis, the type of that genus being Pccdisca
prof unci ana. ''^ Now the fact is, that Treitschke has since
changed his generic name ; but the 1st and 3rd species of my
948th Genus are actually his types, and what is still more re-
markable, they are admitted into Mr. Stephens's new genus
under the names of porphyrana and Wellensiana, the former
being synonymous with ^ro/wn^f^wo, the latter wiih scutulana.
The following are our British species of Paedisca.

1. profundana Wien. Verz. — porphyrana Hiib. Tort. tab. 5.

f'^6.

" Wings glaucous ash-colour, shining, with 3 oblique
fuscous brown bars." Hatv.
End of June and beginning of July, Birch and Darent
Woods and the New Forest.

2. nebulana Do7i. 11. 364. 3.— Haw. 461. 215.

" Wings somewhat ferruginous griseous, with 3 oblique
fasciae, obscure and suffused." Haiv.
July, Broomfields? Kent, also in Birch and Darent Woods
and the New Forest.

3. scutulana Wieti. Verz. — Wellensiana Hiib. 37. 237. — asse-

clana Hiib. 4. 19? — ^thiopiana Haw. var. 462. 216.
Superior wings griseous-fuscous, sometimes ferruginous,
with a basal fascia, darkest at the interior margin, with a
large white spot contiguous at the middle ; an oblique
suffused fascia at the centre, narrowed at the costa, which
is spotted with a longitudinal black stripe across the mid-
d^e; a large sublunate brown space towards the apex,
which bears a brown spot ; cilia striped. A very variable
species; some individuals being ochreous others blackish.
End of July to end of August; Birch and Darent Woods:
J. C. Also in Surrey, Hants, and Devon.

4. Hartmanniana Linn. — scriptana Hiib. 17. HO.

Superior wings whitish or cream-colour, somewhat cloud-
ed, with a brown interrupted fascia at the base and a
broader one at the middle, with a black longitudinal line
across the centre, where the fascia is nearly divided by
the white ground ; costa spotted and several oblique grey
and brown lines towards the apex; interior margin brown.
July, near London and in Devon.

5. semifasciana JF/atu. 431. 115. — Cwi.Brit.Ejit.pl.57l,(^.
From the beginnina; to the end of August in Coomb Wood,

and at Hume, Hants: J. C. Hedges, Kent and Brockenhurst.

The Plant is Ribes nigrum (Black Currants), from the
banks of the river in the neighbourhood of Thetford, Norfolk.

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5G7.

PENTHINA GREVILLANA.

The Sutherland Long-cloak.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Ty]pe of the Genus, Tortrix corticana Hiib.

Pknthina Treit. — Pendina Treit., Curt. — Apotomis Hiib. — Tortrix
Linn., Hub., Hmv.

Antenna; inserted close to the eyes, on the crown of the head,
short, setaceous and rather stout, clothed with scales above, pu-
bescent beneath (1), basal joint stout ovate, and hairy.
Maxill(B spiral, rather stout and not longer than the palpi (3).
Labial Palpi porrected obliquely, not contiguous, rather stout
and thickly clothed with short scales, the apical joint a little
apparent (4), triarticulate, basal joint short and inflated towards
the apex, 2nd long stout and incrassated at the extremity, 3rd
small, elongate -ovate (4 a).
Head having the crown clothed with long scales, meeting down the mid-
dle (7). Thorax subglobose. Ahdovsxen linear and tufted at the apex
in the males. Wings slightly cylindric and deflexed in repose, longer
than the body, superior elongate trapezate, the casta arched, the apex
truncated obliquely and rounded ; inferior ovate-trigonate, the apex
slightly narroioed but rounded; cilia short. Legs, anterior very short;
thighs and tibiae very short in the same, the latter with an internal
spine, the others with spurs at the apex, the posterior, which are long
and very scaly, having a pair also a little below the middle: tarsi
5-jointed, basal joint elongated (8 f, hind leg).
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Grevillana Curt. MSS. — Guide, Gen. 949. n. 5*.

Greyish-black : head and apex of abdomen subochreous: supe-
rior vvdngs long and narrow, variegated with interrupted black
transverse lines and spots, a large space at the apex white
forming 2 claws on the internal margin, with a long grey ob-
lique line arising at the posterior angle and furcate at the ex-
tremity, the apex black, with white dots forming two oblique
stripes ; cilia black : inferior wings yellowish-fuscous, palest at
the base ; cilia of the same colour.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Jas. Wilson and the Author.

The Penthinae so much resemble the feces of small birds in
colour, that when these moths are sitting on a leaf with their
wings closed, it is often difficult to determine what they are.
When in repose their wings do not form an elongated triangle
like the true Tortrices ; for although they are deflexed, they
are generally convex, and consequently somewhat cylindrical,
and bear a greater resemblance in figure to some of the Tinese.

The following are our British species :

1. P. corticana Hiih. Tort. jpl. ?>. f. 13, ?. — capreana Hub.

■pi. 40./. 250 S •
I find it common in the chinks of the bark of Birch-trees in
the open parts of Coomb-wood the middle of June ; and it is
found also the end of May and September.

2. Betuletana Hav). p. 432. 119. Middle of August, Birch-

trees, Coomb- wood.

3. Gentianana Hiib. 3. 12.

The Larva feeds on a species of Dipsacus.

4. variegana Hiib. 3. 14. — Cynosbana Don. 10. 355. 3. — tri-

punctana Hatv., but not of Fabricms.
The Caterpillar feeds on the Ash ; and the Moth appears
the beginning of June in hedges.

5. Pruniana Hiib. 3. 15. June, woods and gardens.
5». Grevillana C?{rt. Brit. Ent. pi. 561, S.

This formed another of the novelties captured in July in
Sutherlandshire by Dr. R. K. Greville and Mr. James Wilson,
to whom I am indebted for my specimen ; and I have the gra-
tification of dedicating it to the former gentleman, who is no
less eminendy distinguished for his works on the Cryptoga-
miiE than he is for his taste and acquirements in the arts and
sciences.

P. Grevillana is distinguished from its congeners by the nar-
rower wings, which rnse it a more elongated form: and the
cilia ot the upper wmgs are not so black in any of the other
species.

6. pullana Ha'w. 434. 125.

7. marginana Haw. 433. 124.

8. oblongana ^aw. 433. 123.

9. Salicella Linn. — Salicana Hiib. 3. 11. — Roesel v. 4;. pi. 9.

/. 1-4.

Middle of August, trunks of Willows and Sallows, espe-
cially S. caprea and viminalis.

For specimens of the rare Veronica triphyllos (Fingered
Speedwell) represented in this plate, as well as for those in
the next (pi. 568), I am indebted to Lady Blake, who gathered
them last May in sandy fields above West Stow Heath near
Bury ; and I afterwards met with them near Thetford, where
the former was abundant in a field of Saint Foin, and the latter
on the Warr«n.

JJ/

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1^^ )^36
551.
SPILONOTA MARMORANA.

The marbled Dog's-tooth Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Tortrix comitana Hiib.
Spilonota Step., Curt. — Hedyse, Notocelia, Epiblema and Epinotia
Hub. — Orthotaenia Step. — Zeiraphera and Sciaphila Treit. —
Tortrix Linn., Hub., Hmv. — Pyralis Fab.

Antennce inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
shorter than the body, rather stout and filiform, composed of
numerous short joints, clothed with scales above and pubescent
beneath (1).

Maxillce not longer than the labial palpi, spiral and very much
attenuated, furnished inside at the apex with a double series of
tentacula (3). Palpi minute and biarticulate (3 a).
Labial palpi porrected, conniving, densely clothed with short
broad scales, giving them a trigonate form and completely con-
cealing the apical joint (4), triarticulate, basal joint not very
stout and kidney-shaped, 2nd long and considerably dilated,
narrowed at the base and rounded at the apex, 3rd not so long
as the 1st and subfusiform-ovate (4 a).
Head with the scales meeting down the centre : eyes lateral orbicular
and prominent. Thorax small, the scales depressed. Abdomen
rather short and tufted at the apex in the males. Wings deflexed in
repose, considerably longer than the body, superior linear, truncated
obliquely, the costa arched ; inier'ior ovate-trig onate, the aj)ex nar-
rowed but rounded, cilia rather short. Legs stout : thighs posterior
short: tibiae, anterior very short with an internal spine ; intermediate
short clothed with long scales, extending beyond the apex with one
long spine and another shorter ; posterior long and scaly, with a
shorter pair of unequal spines at the apex, and another pair at the
middle : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long, all the others very short,
excepting in the hinder pair : claws minute (8 f, the hind leg).
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Marmorana Hiib. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 950. 26. — Achatana Wein.
Verz.

Brown ; superior wings dark, the posterior margin concave under
the apex ; a double angulated white and gray striga near the
middle, uniting on the disc with a sublunate gray and white
mark, extending to the posterior angle, and inclosing a large
browTi subovate spot with an undulating margin, the nervures
crossing it forming 4 or 5 bright ferruginous streaks, a trian-
gular space at the apex of the same colour divided obliquely by
a whitish streak inclosing the apex, and about 6 double short
. white lines on the costa, cilia white at the base under the apex ;
inferior wings with a slight rosy tint, a yellowish line at the
base of the cilia : tarsi annulated with ochre ; margins of abdo-
minal segments pale.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Bentley, the Author, SfC.

The following are British species of Spilonotac :

1. nubifevana //flfw. Middle of June, hedges, Daient Wood

and Isle ot" Dogs.

2. cynosbatella Liiin. July and August, gardens.

3. aquana Hiib. June, on rose-bushes, gardens and Coombe

Wood.
'!<. trimaculana //aw. End June, b. July hedges and woods.
5. amplana Huh. ? Tort. j)l. S.f. 24.
t). maculana Fab. End of September skirts of woods.

7. Sparrmanniana /a6. 10th August, in abundance amongst

heath on Ellen's Island, Loch Katrine, and in a marsh at
Hurne, Hants.

8. piceana Haw. September, heaths, Surrey.

9. sordidana Hub. ?

10. inopiana/Zaw. 469. 238.

11. Solandriana Z/zVm. August, open places in woods, Dover

and Trossacks.

12. vittana Curt. Cinereous, superior wings ochreous, with a

chocolate stripe on the costa, broadest at the extremity,
but not reaching the apex, and another of the same co-
lour, but arched, on the interior margin. October,
Niton, Isle of Wight.

13. antiquana //rt6. Middle of August, Dover; beginning

of July, weedy banks, Suffolk.

14. semifuscana Stc2>.

15. foenella Zz««. August, Wisbeach, Norfolk, Kent, and

Epping Forest.

16. Straemiana Fab. Beginning of June, Undercliff Isle of

Wight; end of July, Coombe and Darent.

18. Pflugiana//aTO. June, Coombe, Birch, and Darent woods.

19. rusticana Hilb. June, grass and rushes in fields, Glan-

ville's Wotton ; end of August, hedges.

17. trigeminana <SYej9. " July, Ripley."

20. sticticana Fab. End July, Coombe Wood ; Aug. hedges.

21. costipunctana //aw. Beginning of June, Barton Cliff and

Isle of Wight, amongst Thistles and Coltsfoot.

27. argyrana *S/^7:>. "August, Highlands of Scotland."

28. quadrana Step. " July, Scotland."

22. Schreberiana Z/Ww. ? — Panz. 7. 19.

23. tetragonana Step. July, Coombe and Darent woods.

24. nigricostana Haxo. Beginning of June in a hedge near

Primrose Hill, and on elm trees.

29. ustulana Haxv. June, Coombe Wood and Norfolk.

25. comitana Hub. Middle of June, hedges, woods and paling.

26. marmorana //i^i. — Curt. B. E. pi. 551. This insect re-

sembles OrthotcEnia undulana^ and bears some affinity to
A$ph Udmarmiana, with which I associated it in the
Guide, under the name of " similana" from having only
bad specimens. I have since seen very fine ones taken
by Mr. Bentley and Mr. Chant on White-thorn bushes
in Ejiping Forest the middle of July.
The Plant is Fua trivialis (Rough Meadow Grass).

711.
ZEIRAPHERA HASTIANA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidse.

Type of the Genus, Tortrix communana Linn.

Zeiraphera Treit., Curt. — Ephippiphora and Penthina Goda. — Tor-
trix Huh., Haw.

Antennae inserted close to the eyes, on the crown of the head,
short and setaceous, clothed with scales above, pubescent be-
neath, basal joint stout, ovate and scaly (1).
MaxillcE spiral, rather stout, and not longer than the palpi (3).
Labial palpi porrected horizontally, parallel, densely clothed
with scales (4), triarticulate («), basal joint short and cleaver-
shaped, 2nd long, stout, incrassated towards the extremity,
densely clothed with scales, which make it thick at the apex,
3rd joint not concealed, clothed with short scales, nearly as
long as the 1st, slender and elliptical.
Head small, the crown and forehead densely clothed with longish nearly
erect scales, those on the face depressed (7, the profile) : eyes glo-
bose. Thorax subglobose. Abdomen with the apex slightly tufted
in the males, conical in the females. Wings perfectly deflexed in
repose, longer than the body ; superior with the costa slightly arched,
the extremity truncated and rounded ; inferior ovate-trigonate, the
apex a little narrowed and rounded. Legs, anterior very short,
hinder the longest : thighs short : tibiae, anterior very short with
an internal spine ; intermediate with a pair of spurs at the apex, one
very long, hinder stoutish and hairy inside, with 2 pair of long un-
equal spurs, one pair at the middle : tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint elon-
gated (8t, the hind leg).
LarvcC with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ?

Hastiana Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 952. 1.

Dark brown : head somewhat ochreous, face whitish : superior
wings rich brown, variegated with blackish spots and streaks,
a broad white slightly oblique fascia before the middle, with an
indenture on the inside, and sinuous externally ; beyond it are
several dull purplish or lead-coloured patches, surrounded by
scales white in certain lights, and there is a row of dull orange
spots at the posterior margin, and 3 pale or whitish costal spots
towards the apex, which bears a black dot with a semicircle of
white scales : inferior wings orange with a purplish cast, and
minutely freckled with fuscous. In the male the white fascia
is very narrow, and sometimes broken into spots.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale, the Author, &c.

This group so nearly approaches Penthina, Spilonota, &c. on
one side, that there is little to distinguish them excepting the
style of colouring on the superior wings ; and on the other
hand Zeiraphera is closely allied to Grapholitha. The scales
on the palpi are long, and make them heavy in appearance ;
the depressed scales on the face give the head a somewhat
different character to the other genera, and the upper pair of
spurs on the hinder tibiae are placed at the centre in the type.
The following are British species.

1 . Hastiana Linn. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 711 ? . — ulmana Hilb.
45. 278 c?-— areolana Hub. 279 ? .

29th May, near Exeter; 28th June, Devon, Mr. Cocks.
The figure referred to by Linnaeus in Cierck's Icones has pec-
tinated antennae, and is evidently a different insect, as well as
Hiibner's hastayia ; yet I have little doubt that ours is the
Linnaean insect, the sexes of which Hlibner seems to have
considered as belonging to two species. Not having a speci-
men for dissection, I cannot be positive that it belongs to this
genus, but it appears to be allied to the following species.

2. perfuscana Haiso. 467, 231. Wood's ^o^. 1007 does not
agree with Haworth's description.

This and the 3 following species, if I mistake not, are found
on the flowers of umbelliferae at Darent, Mickleham, &c.

3. pustulana Hiih. 33. 208. is the T. mh&equana^ Hanso.
My specimen may be only a variety of the foregoing species.

4. Lediana Linn. — Wood^ pi. '61. f. 934.
June, Norfolk, Darent and the New Forest.

5. nitidana Fab. — Wood, 31.935.

Hedges, end of May and June, Darent and New Forest.

6. Strobilelia Li7in. — argyrana Hiib.? 8. 4G.
Beginning of May, hedges.

7. fraternana Haxv. — strobilelia Wood, 31. 917? — Strobilana
Hub. 12. 70 c{.

Amongst fir-trees, 14th July, in Black-wood, Loch Rannoch.

8. atromargana Haxv. 446. 165. Wood, 31. 916.

Trunks of oaks, beginning of June, Kensington gardens,
and woods round London.

9. communana Fab. — Wood, 34, 1029. — corticana Hiib. —
Lichenana Treit.

June, in abundance on trunks of oaks, Kensington gardens,
&c.
The plant is Dipsacus sylvestris. Wild Teasel.

^^6

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f -/^ 3/
376.

ANCHYLOPERA USTOMACULANA.

The Loch Rannoch Tortrix.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Pyralis Lundana Fab.

Anchylopera Ste., Curt. — Tortrix Hub., Haw. — Pyralis Fab.

AntenncE inserted close to the anterior margin of the eyes, rather
short and capillary, composed of numerous cup-shaped joints,
clothed with long dilated and hairy scales (1, a).
MaxiU(S short, slender, and spiral (3).

Labial Palpi porrected nearly horizontally, very scaly and trun-
cated, triarticulate, basal joint robust, curved, slender at the base,
2nd very long and stout, dilated towards the apex,3rd joint nearly
as long as the 1st, very slender and pointed, but nearly concealed
by the scales of the antecedent (4 and 4 a).
Head small, the crown tufted, the scales combed fonvard. Ocelli
distinct. Thorax and Abdomen slender, the latter obtuse and tufted
at the apex, in the males. Wings; superior slightly falcated (9).
Legs rather stout. Coxae 3 anterior long. Thighs rather short.
Tibiae ; anterior very short, intermediate with unequal spurs at the
apex; posterior long and hairy, with a pair of unequal spurs at the
middle, and another pair at the apex (Sf).
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet.

UsTOMACULANA Curt. Guide, Gen. 955. 12.

Fuscous ; tips of palpi, face and crown of thorax whitish : supe-
rior wings deep brown, the base glossy cinereous, with 6 or 7
cleft marks on the costaof the same colour, the 3rd continued to
the anal angle, leaving an oblique brown fascia across the centre,
dilated at the middle, the margins sinuated ; a large subtrigonate
mark on the internal margin silvery grey, some smaller irregular
markings of a similar colour towards the posterior margin, and a
black spot at the apex.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The falcate tip of the superior wings and the large subtrigo-
nate or semiovate macula on their internal margin, are the
distinguishing characters of this genus, but some of the species
are destitute of the latter. The name is an adopted one, and
the genus not established ; I have transferred some of the spe-
cies it contained to another genus formed by the same party,
as they do not appear to belong to this group, which will pro-
bably form a division of Treitschke's genus Phoxopteris.

The following are British species.

1. A. obtusana Ha>w. 453. 189.
Inhabits woods near London.

2. A. consobrinana Curt. Guide, No. 2.

A little larger than No. 1, but very similar to it, and may
be only the female: the superior wings are narrower, and the
silvery line across the middle is more arcuated and oblique.
I took a specimen in Coombe Wood.

3. A. unculana Haxo. 453. 188. — derasana iiZMZ*. Tort. 32. 206.
In woods near London.

4. A. Lundana Fab. — Don. 11. 374. 1.— Corylanai^M^. 9. 53.
Middle of May, Coombe Wood and near Kimpton. — J. C.

5. A. Lyellana Qirt. Guide, No. 5.

As large as No. 6, satiny, pale cinereous; collar and apex
of the abdomen ochreous : superior wings slightly variegated
with pale ochre; on the costa are an oblique macula at the
middle, 3 dots beyond and a spot at the apex, dull ferruginous;
on the interior margin is the usual large patch of a deep brown
and subtrigonate ; nearer the anal angle a brown crescent
(bearing 5 black lines and dots) which leaves a grey oval ma-
cula at the anal angle.

I have the pleasure of naming this very distinct species after
my friend Charles Lyell, Esq., who transmitted it to me from
Kinnordy in Scotland.

6. A. fractifasciana Haw. 466. 229.

9th June, amongst heath, sides of hills, Ambleside. — J. C.

Y. A. siculana Hiib. 13. 79. — Larvce VII. Tortrices 11. Noc-
tuoides F. a.
Middle of May, amongst rushes on Wimbledon Common. —
J. C.

8. A. diminutana IIa'w.^52. 185.

Middle of May and beginning of June, Coombe Wood. —
J. C.

9. A. funalana Ste. — In Mr. Bentley's Cabinet.

10. A. wncawa Huh. 13. 76. — geminana Don. 11. 370. 1.
In Kent and Coombe Wood. — Mr. Chant.

11. A. ustomaculana Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 376.

I discovered this nondescript species the 14th June 1825,
in the Black Wood of Loch Rannoch.

12. A. biarcuana Ste. — In the cabinets of Mr. Chant and Mr.

Bentley.
This probably may be the same as the last.

The Plant is Thalictrumjlavim (Meadow Rue-weed).

^8J

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583.
PHILALCEA JULIANA.

Beiitley's Marble Tortrix.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Tortrix ramella Linn.
Philalcea and Aiiticlea Step. — Phoxopteris Treit., Goda., Curt. —
Ancylis and Epinotia Hub. — Grapholitha and Sciaphila Goda. —
Tortrix Linn., Haw.

Antennce inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
rather short, setaceous and composed of numerous joints, scaly
above and very hairy beneath (1).

Maxillce spiral, rather stout and membranous, considerably
shorter than the labial palpi (3). Palpi very minute, biarticu-
late ? terminal joint ovate.

Labial palpi rather long and clavate, porrected obliquely, densely
clothed with short scales, the apical joint a little visible (4) :
triarticulate, basal joint short, stout, somewhat securiform, 2nd
long, slightly inflated towards the apex, 3rd small obovate, elon-
gated and truncated somewhat obliquely (a).
Head small, with the scales combed over the crown : eyes small but
prominent : ocelli distinct. Thorax small. Abdomen short tufted
in the male ; conical and sometimes acuminated in the female. Wings
subdeflexed in repose ; superior elongate, casta generally curved, the
apex sometimes slightly falcate : inferior not very ample, with a
shallow notch towards the apex. Legs, anterior very short : tibiae,
anterior very short, intermediate with a pair of long unequal spurs
at the apex (8*), hinder with 2 pair, one at the middle: tarsi 5 -jointed,
anterior very short.
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.
Obs. the dissections are drawn from T. bilunana Haw.

Juliana Bent. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 956. 12.

Cream-colour, superior wings gray at the base, the costa ochre-
ous towards the apex, spotted with brown, leaving oblique whitish
stripes divided by a dark line, several interrupted brown curved
bands at the base, with a dark triangular spot on the interior
margin, a lozenge brown mark at the middle of the costa, the
posterior portion of the wing ferruginous, forming an irregular
line from the apex to the inner margin, a black ovate spot,
whitish internally beyond the middle, with another nearer the
centre and closer to the posterior inargin, which is bounded by
a black line, edged with ochre internally and broken by irre-
gular longitudinal black lines, both as well as a smaller one at
the anal angle margined externally with silver of a rose or blue
tint : disc of thorax and segments of abdomen fuscous, inferior
wings the same, with an aureous tinge.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

If the extremes of this pretty group be compared, a consider-
able difference of form in the upper wings will be discover-
able, being slightly hooked in the type, but obtuse in the spe-
cies figured; yet there is a concatenation amongst them, which

would render their separation unnatural ; and whatever may
be their arrangement, P. luliana must accompany P. succedana,
of which I can almost imagine it a fine variety.
The following are British species.

1. ramella Z/m;^ — Goda.pl. 253. J^ 2. — laetanai^36. — harpana
Hub. Tort. pi. 12. f. 71.

Rare; June, hedges, Darent, Kent.

2. nigromaculana Hwm.p. 436. n. 132.

Beginning of August, Tonbridge Wells, and July, Scot-
land, J. C. ; also in Ireland.

3. naevana Hiih. 4-1. 261. June, Birch and Darent Woods.

4. sociana Hiaw. 434. 126.

Middle of June, paling, Shooter's Hill, J. C, and other
places near London.

5. incarnatana i/zV^'. r' 30. 191. ? .— AmoenanaHM6.39.248. c^.
— incarnana Hww.

August, Darent Wood; middle of September, Heaths.

6. Paykullianai^fl!^'./'— //«w.435. 129.

Winter and end of March, dried leaves in Darent Wood.

7. bilunana Haiso. 436. 131. — cretaceana Goda. 256. 5. «, b.
Haworth says on the trunks of Ash-trees, but 1 always find

them sheltered in the deep chinks in the bark of Birch-trees,
in Coomb, Birch, and Darent Woods, the beginning of June.

8. albana Haw. 436. 133.

This species follows No. 2. in Lep. Brit., to which probably
it is most nearly allied; it has been taken in Yorkshire and
Darent Wood the end of June.

9. sesquilunana Haw. 435. 130. — fimbriana Thunb. — trique-
trana Goda. 249. 3., but not, I think, of Hub.

June and end of August, amongst Birch-trees in the woods
of Surrey and Kent.

10. subocellana Z)o7i. 1 1. 380. 1. — campoliliana. — Goda.25\.l.
End of June and beginning of July, hedges round London,

particularly in Kent. The Caterpillar lives on the parenchyma
of the leaves of a Sallow, is found in the middle of September^
and becomes a pupa in a fortnight or three weeks.

11. succedana W. V.—Goda. 251. 2. — Asseclana i-/wZ». 30. 194.
— decoranaHaw. 437. 137.

July, Darent Wood ; said by M. Duponchel to fly in society.

12. Juliana Be7it. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 583.

I have found this beautiful little Moth twice on a rose-bush in
a garden in Suffolk, many years since ; it was afterwards taken
by Mr. Bentley ; and the 22nd of last July I caught a very fine
specimen at the base of Turk Mountain near Killarney, which
is blacker than the one figured.

Muscari racemosum (The Starch-hyacinth) was gathered the
end of last April by Dr. Bromfield in abundance, in corn-fields
at Cavenham, near Bury, Suffolk, and he kindly communicated
the specimen figured.

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352.

CARPOCAPSA LEPLASTRIANA.

The Dover Tortrix.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidse.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Pomonella Linn.

Cakpocapsa Treit., Curt. — Tortrix Linn., Haw. — Pyralis Fab.

JntenncE inserted on the crown of the head, close to the eyes,
short and setaceous, composed of numerous transverse joints,
clothed with scales above, very hairy beneath (1 a).
Maxillce short robust and spiral, scaly externally at the base,
furnished with projecting glands at the apex (3).
Labial Palpi recurved, divaricating, clothed with short scales,
the terminal joint distinct, slightly oblique, but not horizon-
tal (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint subclavate curved, '2nd long
and curved, slightly thickened towards the apex, 3rd short,
elongate-ovate (4 a).
Head densely clothed with shortish scales. Eyes subglobose. Ocelli 2.
Thorax subglobose, covered with decumbent scales. Abdomen sub-
linear in the males, ovate-conic in the females. Wings, superior
oblong, narrowed a little toivards the base, truncated a little ob-
liquely at the apex, the upper angle rounded, and an oval ring near
the posterior angle (9). Legs short and robust. Coxse, anterior
long. Thighs rather short. Tibiae, anterior with a pencil of scales
on the inside, intermediate terminated by 2 spines, one very long ;
posterior incrassated from the base, very scaly on the inside, 2 un-
equal spurs at the middle and 2 at the apex. Tarsi o-jointed, basal
joint the longest. Claws and Pulvilli minute (8 f, a hind leg).
Caterpillars ivith 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.
Obs. The dissections are all taken from P. nigricana Fab.

Leplastkiana Curtis's Guide, Gen. 957. n. 18.

Very pale ochreous : antennae, eyes and centre of thorax dark
brown : superior wings transversely striated with very fine black
waved lines, about 1 6 white marks on the costa, descending ob-
liquely in ochreous lines, alternating with 5 or 6 dull silvery ones ;
several double whitish lines arising at the interior margin, two at
the middle lengthened and arched ; near the posterior angle is an
oval silvery ring, the centre ochreous, bearing 3 black dots or
lines : cilia metallic black, with an ochreous line entering the
wing below the apex : inferior wings brown with a yellowish
rosy tint.

hi the Author's Cabinet.

Treitschke in his 7th volume has given a list of new genera,
and amongst them is Carpocapsa : it contains only 5 species,
but I think the following may very well be included in it. The
nervures of the superior wings are very similar to those of
Cnephasia {pi. 100.), but the outline is very different, and they

are well characterized by a ring, sometimes oval and frequently
metallic, placed at the lower angle.

1. C. Pomonella h. — Pomonana Hub. 6. 30.

The maggot lives in apples and pears, causes them to fall from the trees,
and renders them unfit ibr use: the moth appears in July.

2. C. splendana Hub. 6. 31. — b. Aug. amongst bushes in

Epping Forest and Coomb-wood.

3. C. grossana Haw. 438. 139.

4. C. arcuana L. — Don. 11. 364. 1. — End of .Tune under

Oak-trees.

5. C. Aspidiscana? — Hub. 41. 256.

6. C. Woeberana F. — ornatana Hiib. 6. 32.

The larvEB live either in the wood or under the bark of Plum-trees, doing
them greiit mischief: the moth appears from June to the end of August.

7. C. Hastana Hilb. 29. 186. — I have never seen a British

specimen.

8. C. Rheediella L. — Don. 11. 377. 1. — albersana Hiib. 35.

224. — M. May, b. June, Coomb-wood.

9. C. Hypericana Hiib. 4. 23. — M. May, Coomb-wood.

10. C. Ulicetana Ha'w. — Zachana Hilb, 38. 243. — lanceolana

Hub. 13. 80. var.? — Mar. and end of Aug. Furze
on Commons.

11. C. atropurpurana Ha'w. 467. 232.

12. C. nigricana F. — Haw. 458. 202. — End of Aug. Hedges.

13. C. proximana Haw. 458. 203.

14. C. ustulana Haw. 467. 233.— Norfolk.

15. C. Germana? — Hilb. 8. 47.

16. C. stelliferana Curt.

Yellow cinereous, shining, superior wings with 10 whitish spots on the
CQSta, none at the base, 2 or 3 producing silvery lines; a whitish spot on
the interior margin, and another nearer the middle, an indistinct silvery
oval near the posterior angle, containing 3 black dots : inferior wings whi-
tish at the base. A specimen taken in Perthshire was presented to me by
C. Lyell, Esq.

17. C. perlepidana Haw. 458. 206. — April, Hedges.

18. C. Leplastriana Ctirtis's Brit. Ent.pl. 352.

The only specimens I ever saw of this handsome moth, I discovered the
beginning of July under the Cliff near Dover; it was always concealed
amongst the plant figured. I have named it after Mr. Leplastrier, who has
made many fine captures of insects near that town.

19. C. pupillana L. — Absinthiana/f2/Z». 6. 34. — June, amongst

Wormwood, Devon, Mr. J. Cocks.

20. C. strigana Curt.

Similar to the next, but smaller and pale ochreous, the superior wings
are much shorter and less lanceolate.

21. C. fulvana StepJi. Curt. — pupillana Hilb. 4. 20.

22. C. cana Haw. 456. — June and July, pastures, Wrentham,

SufF. ; Birch-wood, Barton Cliff, Hants, and near
Dunkeld.

23. C. Scopoliana Haw. 456. 198.

24. C rufana Stcph., Curt.

The plant is Brnssica olcracea (Sea Cabbage).

/3^ /^ ^^

599.
BACTRA PAUPERANA.

The Spotted Drab.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Tortrix plagana Haw.
Bactra Ste. — Aphelia Guide. — Toxtriyi Hub., Haw.

Antenna; inserted close to the eyes, on the fore part of the crown,
setaceous, sometimes short, composed of numerous small joints,
scaly above, very hairy beneath, at least in the males (1), basal
joint stout.

Maxillce not longer than the palpi, spiral, composed of 2 com-
pressed lobes, pubescent outside at the base (3).
Labial palpi rather large, slightly drooping or porrected hori-
zontally considerably beyond the head, appearing very dilated
from being densely clothed with scales which perfectly conceal
the apical joint (4), triarticulate, basal joint short, hatchet-
shaped, being slender and curved at the base, 2nd joint very
long and inflated, narrowed at the base, ovate at the extremity,
3rd joint slender, subelliptical, a little longer than the 1st (4 a).
Head small, rough with scales : eyes orbicular : oceUi 2, distinct (7 *
head in profile). Thorax rather small with depressed scales. Ab-
domen short linear and tufted in the male; longer and conical, with
a small tuft in the female. Wings somewhat decumbent, in repose
lying one over the other; superior long, narrow and lanceolate; in-
ferior ovate lanceolate. Tibiae, anterior very short, the others with
a pair of unequal spurs at the apex, posterior long with a pair of
spurs also a little below the middle, one very long (8 f) .• tarsi long and
b-jointed.
CEconomy unknown.

Favvbuan A Haw. —Curt. Guide, Gen. 958. 2.

Whitish-ochre ; superior wings freckled, with numerous irre-
gular ferruginous rays running obliquely from the costa, which
is spotted with black, as well as the interior margin ; apex
orange tipped with fuscous, with 2 fine black transverse lines
and 3 or 4 dots at the base of the cilia ; a large subtrigonate
brown spot near the base and an elbowed one in the centre :
inferior wings and abdomen pale grey ; cilia ochreous- white.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This genus makes a near approach to our Cnephasia (fol. 1 00.),
and I have httle doubt that the 2 species given as the Ablabia
of Hiib. belong to that group, for akhough they have in some
measure the habit of Bactra their trophi agree with those of
Cnephasia.

It is very doubtful if the first 4 species be distinct, for 2 of
them vary almost ad vifi,7iitu7n, and they make so near an ap-
proach to each other, that it is difficuh to draw the line of se-
paration, although nothing is more easy than to distinguish
the marked type of each.

* Bactra. Palpi horizontal, apical joint concealed.

1. egenana Haw. p. 469. n. 1^1.

" Superior wings dull reddish, with a few very minute fus-
cous dots at the posterior margin ; inferior whitish fuscous.
Expanse 7^ lines."

Middle of May, Coomb Wood.

2. pauperana Haw. 242. — lanceolana Hiib. 13. 80. var. ?

" Superior wings reddish fuscous with 2 little obscure fus-
cous oblong spots on the disc, one before, the other at the
centre, with other dots or a fuscous line at the apex and an-
other opposite at the middle of its posterior margin ; interior
margin irregularly finely and thickly punctured with fuscous ;
inferior wings fuscous, cilia paler. Sometimes the superior
wings are immaculate excepting the inner margin."

Middle of May and beginning of June on rushes in damp
places, Coomb Wood, Wimbledon Common, &c.

3. egestana Haw. 470. 243.

" Superior wings reddish, immaculate, interior margin black;
posterior fuscous, cilia whitish rufous: antennae small : 7 lines."
End of June, amongst Junci, in moist places.

4. plagana Haw. 244.

" Palpi large, very hairy ; wings rufous, somewhat obliquely
truncated, with a large central black stripe from the base to
the posterior margin : 1^ lines."

Middle of May, Coomb Wood ; beginning of July, Thet-
ford Warren.

** Ablabia Hub. Palpi incurved, apical joint apparent.

5. expallidana Haw. 469. 240.

" Entirely pale, shining, tinged with yellow towards the
costa : palpi curved downward : 6 lines."

6. Cantiana Curt. Brit. Ent. v. S.Jbl. 100. w. 9.

Superior wings satiny, pale cinereous, with 3 whitish flames
at the base, viz. the costa, inner margin and a central one
forming a whitish line extending to the middle of the cilia,
with an obscure fuscous lunule and a few black dots beyond
the middle: 9^ lines.

Beginning of July, Thetford Warren; August, Darent,
Dover, upon grass and rushes; ascending Goatfeld and at
Lulworth, Mr. Dale.

7. quadripunctana Haw. — pratana Hiib. 36. /i 227. 4" 228.
Superior wings reddish brown ochre, dotted with black to-
wards the apex, 3 pale flames at the base with a long black-
ish streak nearly reaching the middle, and a lunule beyond it,
2 large dusky spots near the inferior margin, one towards the
base, the other nearer the hinder angle: llj lines.

Middle and end of July, rushy and spring}' places ascending
Ben Lawers and Craigcalloch.

The Plant is Scii'pus {Eleochar is Br.) palustiis {Marsh creep-
ing Club-rush).

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100.

CNEPHASIA BELLANA.

The Northern Cnephasia.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae Leach.

Type of the Genus Tortrix Logiana Linn.

Cnephasia Nobis. Phalsena Tortrix Linn. Pyralis Fab., Lat.
Tortrix Hub., Haw., Leach.

AntenncE inserted near the crown of the head close to the eyes,
rather thickest in the middle, having a serrated appearance,
composed of numerous quadrate joints covered with short scales
and hair above, pubescent beneath (fig. 1, and J a),
MaxillcE scarcely longer than the palpi (3).
Palpi 2, porrected, completely covered with scales, 3-jointed,
ist curved upward, short, '2nd long clavate, with very long scales
on the upper surface, 3rd short linear (4, and 4 a).
Head loith a tuft of scales upon the crown (7). Abdomen robust and
tufted at the apex, especiallij in the females. Wings when at rest
forming an elongated triangle, superior of the males narrower to-
wards the base than in the females, somewhat lanceolate, and ge-
nerally rounded at the apex {9 showing the nerves). Legs rather
slender, anterior with the 1st joint of the tarsus nearly as long as the
tibia (8 a) ; posterior with the femur short. Tibia very long, with
2 spines near the centre and 2 at the apex. Tarsi all 5 -jointed, the
basal joint being equal in length to the remainder.
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet ?

Bellana Nobis.

Male hoary. Antennse, eyes, and anterior legs blackish, the
latter annulated v/ith white. Superior wings with an angulated
fascia near the base, an oblique one in the middle, and another
imperfect one near the apex grayish black, variegated and spotted
with intense black, 4 spots upon the costa near the apex and
minuter ones on the interior margin and between the fasciae
grayish black. Inferior wings silvery gray, cinereous and ob-
scurely reticulated towards the margins. Cilia silvery, tinged
with ochraceous. Abdomen silvery, ochraceous at the apex.
Female with the markings bolder and the black more intense on
the superior wings, with an irregular row of black spots near
their posterior margin.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

Having had the good fortune to add two nondescript species
to this natural group in my late visit to Scotland, it has been
thought advisable to form it into a genus. When at rest the

wings of these insects are folded very differently to the Tortri-
cidce generally, bearing a stronger resemblance to the Cramhi,
which they will probably connect with the former family by
means of Chilo passing through the Inopiance of Haworth,
being connected with the other Tortrices by means of his group
Fasciariae : the lanceolate wings, the slender anterior legs, and
the bars of the superior wings, which may be traced even in
the 8th species, are other important characters.

1. Cnephasia bellana Nob.

2. octomaculana Haw. MSS.

3. interjectana Lej). Brit.

4. Asinaua Huh. — Lep. Brit.

5. Logiana Liti7i. — Lep. Brit.

6. rectifasciana Lep. Brit. — trifasciana Don. Brit.

Ins. V. ll.pl. 310./. 2. 2.

7. longana Lep. Brit.

8. 4-punctana Lep. Brit.

9. Cantiana Nob.

The charming insect, a female of which is figured, is pro-
bably in its larva state a lichen feeder ; the specimens I found
were settled upon the face of the rocks on the left, ascending
Arthur's Seat from Holyrood House ; and from its similarity
of colour to the lichen that is distributed over the rocks was
very difficult to detect. It was easily secured, from its indispo-
sition to fly during the day ; its generic name signifies ' flying
in the dusk' ; the female is rarer than the male.

C. octomaculana I took on the borders of the Highlands,
with so many rare and nondescript species, that I hope soon
to have an opportunity of giving an account of them in a form
that will be serviceable to entomologists, and induce others to
explore the rich mines of the North.

C. Cantiana I have never seen except near Dover and at
Darent, in the county of Kent, which has induced me to give
it the specific name it bears : it is smaller than C. ^-punctana,
which it most resembles ; it is more silvery, nearly plain, and
tlie superior wings are narrower and more acute.

The handsome Geranium sanguineum (Bloody Crane's Bill)
ornamented the rocks with its beautiful flowers on the spot
where the moth was taken.

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364.

ORTHOT/ENIA TURIONELLA.

The oraiiire and silver ribbon Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricida?.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Turionella Lmti.

Orthot^enia Sle., Curt. — Tortrix Haw., Don. — Tinea Linn.

AntenncE inserted on the crown of the head, close to the eyes,
much shorter than the body, capillary, composed of numerous
joints, clothed with scales above, pubescent beneath, especially
towards the apex ; basal joint robust (I a, basal portion).
Maxilla spiral, shorter than the palpi and very slender (3).
Labial Palpi porrected horizontally, thickly clothed with scales,
terminal joint very distinct (4): Inarticulate, basal joint short,
2nd long robust, and somewhat incrassated near the apex,
which is rounded, 3rd joint as short as the 1st, slender subfusi-
form (4 a).

Head clothed with coarse and loose scales. Eyes suhglobose. Thorax
smooth, with 2 large lateral lobes. Abdomen rather short and
tufted at the apex in the male, conical in the female. Wings,
superior rather elongated and narrow, more or less banded with
different colours. Thighs slender. Tibiae, anterior very short,
posterior long and clothed with long hairy scales, with 2 spines a
little below the middle and 2 at the apex. Tarsi 5-jointecl, basal
joint the longest (Sf, hind teg).

Larvae naked, with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.
Pupae rather slender.

Turionella Linn. Faun. Suec. 365.1420. — Turionana Haw. 399. 14.
Curtis' s Guide, Gen. 960. 1 1.

Shining cinereous-grey. Palpi, head and antennae yellowish
white : thorax and superior wings ferruginous-orange, the latter
with 4 transverse, irregular, silvery strigae, the 2nd and 4th
furcate at the costa, the 3rd forming a ring in the centre, also
an abbreviated silvery line near to the posterior margin : cilia
pale with a blackish line near the base: anterior coxas and thighs
orange.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This Genus has never before been described : although the
name Orthotaenia has been given to a portion of it, I have
adopted that appellation, which characterizes the whole very
well. I must refer to my Guide, which is now completed, for
a hst of the species and their synonyms ; as I am desirous of
describing some nondescripts, and giving the localities of
others.

1. O. formosana Curtis' s Guide.

Pale fuscous : thorax and superior wings rosy-chestnut, the latter with

a considerable number of waved transverse pale shining lines ns far as the
middle, beyond which are two more compound ones, with several shorter
on the costa, and a row of spots of the same colour at the base of the cilia.-
abdomen ochreous at the apex.

Similar to O. nubilana, HUb. in size and colour, but the
superior wings are a little less obtuse ; their colour is very
different, and the bar across the middle, formed by the waved
lines, is narrower and more irregular.

I believe my specimen was taken by the late Mr. Blunt.

7. O. alternana Curtis' s Guide.

Shining ochreous-grey : thorax and superior wings freckled with black,
the latter with 9 pair of pale spots on the costa, the base rather darker,
the black spots forming irregular and broken transverse lines ; a blackish
fascia across the centre freckled with a few pale scales, having a longitu-
dinal pale line across the middle ; the apex rather dark ash colour : cilia
with a black spot at the tip and middle : inferior wings fuscous.

Smaller than O. micana, Hiib., to which it is most nearly
allied ; the name is given from the alternate dark and pale
spaces on the upper wings.

Var. /3 larger: superior wings more ochreous, the markings
brown and less distinct, the cilia immaculate.

On the 14th of July Mr. Dale and myself discovered this
moth amongst heath in the Black-wood, Loch Rannoch.

8. O. gramineana Curtis's Guide.

Head thorax and superior wings ferruginous brown; the latter with 7 or
8 pairs of whitish spots on the costa, with a somewhat silvery sinuated
fascia, leaving a dark space at the base; apical portion of the same pale
colour, leaving a dark and very sinuated fascia across the middle; the apex,
3 triangular spots on the costa, and an oblique lobe-shaped mark, rising
from the posterior margin, and another near that angle, ferruginous brown.-
inferior wings fuscous.

Most allied to and the size of O. cespitajia, Hiib. I took
it the end of June, on grassy slopes ascending Arthur's Seat.

9. O. cespitana Hub. Tort. 244 & 245. 1 8th June, heath,

side of a hill, Ambleside; and 14th July amongst fir-
trees. Black-wood, Loch Rannoch.

10. O. Bentleyana Don. 10. pi. 357. 1. — m. June, Amble-

side and Trafford, near Manchester; 11th July on the
north side near the top of Schichallien upon the turf
amongst the rocks.

1 1 . O. Turionella Lin?i. — Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 364. Bred from

the caterpillars which fed on the shoots of the Scotch
fir, by Mr. Wigham of Norwich. The larva and pupa
are copied from Hlibner, but I am not certain whether
they belong to this species or to T. Resinella L.

12. O. gemmviUQi Huh. Tort. 269. — e. July and August, pales,

Regent's Park, and grass. Birch-wood.

13. O. arbutana? Hiib. Tort. pi. 31. f. 195.

14. O. comhana Wien. Verz. — Piceana i/«^»./ 72. Common

amongst Fir-trees, Birch- wood.

15. O. Resinella Linji.—Turionana Hiib. 220 & 221.
19. O. purpurana Haw. 400. 16. Taken 15th July.

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491.

COCHYLIS RUPICOLA.

The Chalk-clifF Tortrix.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Tortrix rubellana Huh.
CocHYLis Och., Curt. — Tortrix Hub., Haw., Och.

AntenncB inserted close to the eyes on the anterior part of the
head, rather shorter than the body, setaceous, composed of nu-
merous joints clothed with scales above, very hairy beneath (1 «).
Maxillce rather shorter than the Palpi, formed of 2 filaments (3).
ia6««/Pff/pi nearly horizontal, clavate, thickly clothed with scales,
the apical joint slightly apparent (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint
small and clavate, 2nd long stout and ventricose, 3rd short and
slender (4 a).
Head clothed with long scales, combed up and meeting on the crown :
eyes rather small, orbicular arid lateral: ocelli 2. Thorax 5ma//
and subglobose. Abdomen short and tufted at the apex in the male.
Wings, superior somewhat linear and truncated more or less obliqriely;
mferiov someivhat angulated at the apex. Legs, anterior short : tibiae,
middle and posterior furnished with long spurs at the apex, the latter
having a pair also a little below the middle (8 1) •

RuPicoLA Curt. Guide, Gen. 963. 10.

In the Author's Cabinet.

The following species belonging to this beautiful group have
been recorded as British. Many of them fly in the forenoon.

1. Francillana F. — Don. 10. S55. 1. — Baumanniana? Hiib.

— Tort. 23. 148. c?' — sanguinea Och.
Middle of July, sides of cliff below Dover Castle, J. C.

2. Smeathmanniana F. — Fabriciana Hiib. 23. 149.

3. straminea Haw. 401. 18.

May, and end of August, pastures, Dover and Yorkshire.

4. alternana Sic.

Middle and end of August, on flowers of Centaurea {pi. 241.
and 361.), and flying in the evening on the cliffs near Dover.

5. Dubrisana Ctcrt.

4 to 6 lines broad. Palpi head and thorax griseous; abdo-
men silky grey; superior wings pale sulphur mottled with
shining white and brownish marks, with a somewhat inter-
rupted oblique brown fascia across the middle and another
beyond it : inferior wings white, more or less freckled with
fuscous towards the apex.— Middle of August, top of cliffs
near Dover, J. C.

6. marmcralana Ciui.

7 lines broad. Antennae and palpi blackish, the latter white
inside; head thorax and abdomen griseous, the latter white at
the apex : superior wings pale sulphur freckled with brown
and variegated with shining white spots and lines, leaving two

indistinct oblique fuscous bands, costa spotted with brown :
inferior wings fuscous slightly ireckled with white, cilia white.
— Middle of August, near Dover, J. C.

7. badiana Hilh. 23. 147 ? • — rubigana Och.

June, near Niton, Isle of Wight ; end of July, on Burdoch,
Battersea Fields.

8. margaritana Hwiso. 401. '21.

9. griseana Haiso. 402. 25.

10. Rupicola Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 491 c?.

Ochreous, superior wings with an oblique ferruginous brown
band across the middle, darkest towards the extremities, with
a pale edge on both sides towards the interior margin, where
it forms an indistinct triangular spot, the costa spotted with
black, and the posterior portion of the wing ferruginous-ochre
freckled with black : inferior wings blackish with a cupreous
tinge ; the cilia ochreous, blackish at the base : abdomen
blackish with an ochreous tuft in the male. — Middle of July,
side of cliff, Dover, J. C.

11. subroseana Haw. 402. 23.

Middle of Ma}', in abundance amongst grass on the east
side of the Isle of Portland ; 9th of June, amongst heath, side
of mountain near Ambleside.

12. rubellana Hiib. 46. 285—287. S ? .— roseana Haw.
Dover, Mr. Leplastrier.

13. ruficihana Haiso. — ciliella? Hiib. Tin. 26. 180.
End of May, meadows, Yorkshire.

14. Baumanniana F. — Hartmanniana Hiib. 23. 146. ?. var.
Middle of June, amongst fern, side of hill, Ambleside; end

of June, chalk-pit, Darent.

15. Lathoniana Hub. 30. 189. ? . — Is this British?

16. Sodaliana Haw. 436. 134.

17. dubitana Hub. 12. 71.

Discovered by H. Walker, Esq., at New Lanark,

19. maculosana Haw. 438. 141.

Middle of May, Kimpton ; and beginning of July.

20. angustana Hiib. 12. 74. — fasciella Don. 13. 452.
Beginning of July, hedges; end of August, heathy places

near Lyndhurst, Dover, and North Wales.

21. pygmeana Haw. 439. 143. — B. of June, Suffolk, J. C.

22. nana Haw. 439. 142. — July? broom fields.

23. tesserana W. V. — tesselana Hiib. 23. 144. — Heiseana F.
Beginning of June, Barton Cliff, Hants, Isle of Portland,

and sides of cliff, Dover.

C. decimana Hiib. 23. 145. var.'^

Middle of May, Coomb Wood, Surrey.

24. senea Hiib. 30. 188.

The Plant is Daucus Carota (Wild Carrot).

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691).

TERAS EXCAVANA.

The iron Notchwing.

Okder Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Pyralis caudana, Fab.
Teras Treit., Dupch., Curt. — Pyralis, Fab. — Tortrix, Hub., Haw.
AntetiTKS inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
shorter than the body, setaceous, composed of oblong joints,
scaly above, pubescent beneath (1).

Maxilla scarcely so long as the palpi, spiral, rather stout, with
short tentacula at the apex (3).

Labial palpi rather long, porrected far beyond the head, parallel,
clothed with short scales which make the 2nd joint convex above
and leave only a small portion of the apical joint apparent (4) ;
triarticulate, basal joint short, cleaver-shaped, 2nd very long,
stout and somewhat clavate, straight beneath, convex above from
the middle, the base slender, the apex narrowed ; 3rd joint about
^ as long, elliptic-conic (a).
Head short, densely scaly : eyes hemispherical. Thorax subglobose.
Abdomen subdepressed ; linear in the male, with a tolerable t%ift at
the apex ; trigonate and scaly at the apex in the female. Wings very
slightly deflexed in repose, forming an elongate triangle ; superior
hooked at the apex, the costa very much arched with a large notch at
the middle : inferior harp-shaped ; cilia moderate. Legs stoutish :
thighs, middle pair the longest : tibiae, anterior short, with an in-
ternal spine, intermediate with a pair of spurs at the apex, one very
long ; hinder tibia the longest and stoutest, with unequal spurs at the
apex, and a pair a little below the middle : tarsi rather short and 5-
jointed, basal joint very long, 4th and 5th very small: claws and
pulvilli minute (Sf).
Metamorphoses unknown.

ExcAVANA Haw. Lep. Brit. 408, 44.— Curt. Guide, Gen. 965. 2.
Tn the Author s and other Cabinets.

The moths forming this natural little genus are usually of
the same size, and 1 think it not improbable that the 2nd and
4th are only varieties of the preceding species. They are all
well characterized by the curious excavation of the anterior
margin of the superior wings ; they are principally found in
the early part of autumn, by the sides of pathways in woods.

1. T. emargana Fab.— Wood, pL 36./ 1]03.

Superior wings ochreous, reticulated with brown, the pos-
terior half brown with ochreous spots towards the apex.
July 31st, by an ozier hedge at Niton in the Isle of Wight,
J. C. ; also in the New Forest; woods near Dover, Northum-
berland and Scotland in August.

2. excavana Haw. — Wood, J". 1104. — emargana Don. v. 3. pi.
106./. 5.

Ferruginous-orange; superior wings obscurely reticulated
with brown, with 2 waved strigae towards the base, an ash-
coloured fascia passing obliquely across the middle, sinuated
on both sides and bearing a few minute tufts of scales, the
same colour continued along the margin of the notch ; base
of cilia lead-colour: abdomen subochreous, deepest at the
apex : inferior wings greyish-white, somewhat ochreous and
reticulated towards the apex.

Obs. Many specimens are much darker than the one figured,
but Donovan's drawing is very indifferent, and I know of no
figure of it in any Continental work.

August, Caen-wood, Hampstead ; Coomb-wood, Surrey ;
Birch and Darent woods, Kent; beginning of September, by
an ozier hedge. Niton, and New Forest, J. C. ; Raehills, Dum-
friesshire, Rev. W. Little.

3. efFractana Frol. — Wood., Jig. 1105. — emargana Don. 3.
106. 1.

Superior wings ochreous-grey, clouded, the inferior mar-
gin sometimes ferruginous, with a deep notch on the costa.
End of August, Caen, Coomb, and other woods round Lon-
don ; beginning of September, ozier hedge, Niton, and New
Forest, J. C.

4. caudana Fab. — Wood, fig. 1106. — ochracea, Ste. var.
Superior wings pale ochreous-grey, clouded, with a shallow
notch on the costa.

Found in Yorkshire and other northern counties in August.

I have not referred to Hiibner, for if Treitschke's criti-
cisms be correct, the names of the two last species are trans-
posed in the work of the former author.

The plant is Campanula latifolia, Giant Bellflower, for which
I am indebted to T. C. Heyshani, Esq., of Carlisle.

MO

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i\\

CPL^.-A.o?'(g».»/£*t%// /<JiX

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440.

LEPTOGRAMMA IRRORANA.

The Sprinkled Rough-wing.

Order Lepidoptera. Faini. Tortricidas.

Type of the Genus, Tortrix litterana Linn.
Leptogramma Curt., Ste. — Paramesia Ste. — Tortrix Hllb., Haw. —
Pyralis Fab. — Phalsena Tortrix Linn.

Antenna inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head^
rather short, setaceous, clothed with scales above, pubescent
beneath, composed of numerous short joints rather longer and
oblong towards the apex, basal joint robust and long, 2nd
larger than the following (1, portions of the base and apex).
Maxilla as long as the labial Palpi, spiral, rather stout, ciliated
at the base, with series of tentaculi at the apex (3). Palpi
minute attached to a scape, biarticulate, basal joint producing
a few hairs on the inside (3, base of maxilla, a the Palpus).
Labial Palpi porrected horizontally, rather divaricating, clavate,
thickly clothed with short scales, the apical joint being visible
(4), triarticulate, basal joint not short, curved and clavate, 2nd
long robust and ventricose, 3rd shorter than the first, slender
elongate -conic (4 a).
Head rather small, the scales on the crown erect : eyes lateral and
globose (7). Thorax globose, trigonate behind. Abdomen rather
short and narrow, depressed and tufted at the apex in the males.
Superior wings oblong -trigo7iate, costa produced at the base, de?isely
clothed with scales forming a shoulder at the middle, posterior mar-
gin truncated, the apex slightly acute, posterior angle rounded, the
surface more or less clothed with small tufts of scales; inferior
wings ample, the margin slightly undulated, the apex a little pointed ;
cilia long at the anal angle. Legs, anterior small ; tibiae, anterior
very short, ivith a small spine on the inside, middle pair spurred at
the apex ; posterior long with unequal sjmrs at the middle and apex :
tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long : claws a?id pulviUi small (8, a fore
leg, 8 t the hinder leg).
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet ?

Irrorana Hub. Tort.pl. 15. f. 96. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 966. 4.

Pale dull green ; eyes blackish, antennae dull gray ; abdomen
ochreous gray, base of the segments fuscous : superior wings
with numerous black spots, 5 or 6 in a line towards the poste-
rior margin, with a line of black lunules between the nervures
at the base of the cilia and a black dot at the apex of each : in-
ferior wings ochreous gray, mottled : cilia pale ochreous, fus-
cous at the base.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This pretty genus is most nearly allied to Peronea, but in the
typical species the superior wings are not hooked at the apex ;
they are studded with tufts of scales, and the apical joint of the
palpi is not concealed. In dissecting I discovered maxillarij

jmljn, which I believe were not known to exist in the family
to which our genus belongs; but I have not had an oppor-
tunity of ascertaining if they be equally developed in neigh-
bouring groups.

The following are British species.

1. L. literana L.^Doji. v. 10. pi. 355./. 2.—Hub. Tori.

pi. 15./. 89. & 90.—^ 91. var. ? — April, end of Aug.,
September, and beginning of October ; Oaks, New
Forest, and Glanville's Wootton, Mr. Dale.

2. L. squamana F. — Doti. 5. 157. 7. — squamulana Hub. 15.

94'. — 92. & 93. va7'S. ? — End of August, beginning of
September, in Orchards and on Oaks covered with
Lichen, J. C. — End of September, beginning of
October, White-thorns, Mr. Dale.

3. L. tricolorana Haxv. — irrorana Hub. 15. 95. — September,

Oaks and trees covered with Lichen, J. C. — Be-
ginning of October, Apple-trees, Dorset and North
Devon, Mr. Cocks.

4. L. irrorana Hub. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 440. — Glanville's

Wootton and Devon, Capt. Blomer.

5. L. fulvomixtana Ste. — New Forest and Glanville's Woot-

ton, Mr. Dale.

6. L. scabrana F. — irrorana Hub. 15. 97. — In woods.

Genus Paramesia Ste.

7. L. cerusana Hub. 11. 63. — I have never seen but two spe-

cimens of Hubner's insect, which were taken in the
New Forest ; the one generally seen under that name
is a larger insect, exceedingly like Z*, scabrajia, only
the upper wings are cream-colour : it is found the
end of iF'uly amongst Elms.

8. L. tripunctana Hub.20. 129. — tripunctulana Haw. — End

of July, Glanville's Wootton, Mr. Dale ; September,
pathways in woods.
8^. L. aspersana Hiib. 41. 259.? — Middle of August, New
Forest, and amongst grass. South Foreland, Dover,
J. C. — July and August, on Juniper and coarse
grass, Winandermere ; Gryme's Dyke, Oxon ; Port-
land, about the Rosa spinosissima, Mr. Dale. I doubt
if it be Hiibner's insect.

9. L. bifidana Haia. 418. 77. — Sept., hedges and open places

in woods ; middle of October, Dorset, Mr. Dale.

10. L. Gnomana L. — notana Do7i. 11. 369. 3. var. — Steine-

riana Hiib. 27. 170. 1 believe to be another species.
March, amongst dried leaves ; middle of June, end
of July, Sept., and October, open places in woods at
Coombe, Darent, Glanville's Wootton, and Witten-
ham, Berks, Mr. Dale.

11. T^. subtripunctulana Sic. — North Devon, Mr. Cocks.
The Plant is Anagallis icnclla (Bog Pimpernel).

}6

(yiUz-JAi cJ %un/j^ ^<mdm (jlpy

Res

PERONEA RUFICOSTANA.

Rufous-margined Button Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, T. Cristalana Don.

Peronea Curt., Goda, Step. — Teras Treit. — Tortrix Hub., Haw. — Pyralis
Fab.

Antennce short and filiform, inserted close to the eyes, composed of
at least 50 joints scaly above, hairy beneath, basal joint but slightly
thickened (1).

MaxillcE spiral and slender, not longer than the palpi (3).
Labial palpi porrected horizontally, longer than the head, parallel, nar-
rowed at the base and very much produced above, beneath straight,
completely clothed with short scales and concealing the apical joint
which is hairy (4) : triarticulate, basal joint short pear-shaped, 2nd
very long, inflated beyond the middle, 3rd joint slender, scarcely
longer than the 1st (4 a).
Head small, crown tufted: eyes small globose and prominent. Thorax sma/^
and orbicular. Abdomen nearly linear in both sexes, depressed and tufted,
especially in the male. "Wings scarcely deflexed in repose, superior slightly
hooked the costa often ciliated, concave at the centre being very much
rounded and produced at the base, with a large tuft of scales on the disc (9) ;
inferior rather broad and slightly hooked. Legs, anterior very short, coxa
long (8 a), the tibia with an internal spine, the other tibiae clothed with
long scales, terminated by very unequal spurs, the hinder having a longer
pair at the middle (8 f) •* tarsi stout and very scaly, basal joiiit long, the
others very short.
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet 9

RuFicosTANA Curt. B. E. 1st edit. — Guide, Gen. 967. 14.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The old genus Tortrix, containing at present nearly 350 British
species, is now with propriety considered a family, composed of nu-
merous groups, which it will be found impossible to understand
clearly, unless they be formed into genera : with this object in view
I have proposed the genus Peronea (derived from the Greek and
signifying a button), and divided it into sections, those with a large
elevated tuft of scales in the centre of the upper wings being the
typical species. I shall introduce Hlibner's sectional names from
his fanciful arrangement; but I may here state that as it is a mere
catalogue divided into groups, the markings of the wings being
briefly added, without any attempt at scientific definitions, I shall
never feel bound to adopt them. Although his section Lopas agrees
best with a portion of our division d. he has introduced into it one
of the true Peroneal (No. 15) as well as No. 47, at once proving the
instability of his characters.

1

As " Stephens' Illustrations" had never been heard of when this
genus was established, I should have described the species before,
had I not been assured that Mr. Haworth would do so in his Ap-
pendix to Lep. Brit. : however, this second edition enables me to cha-
racterize all the species hitherto published and ten others not noticed
in the " Illustrations," and to correct many errors hitherto over-
looked. To the liberality of Mr. Bentley I am indebted for the free
use of his splendid collection of this beautiful genus as well as for
his sensible remarks on some of the groups.

The Peronese measure from about 9 to 10 lines when the wings
are expanded ; most of them conceal themselves in the Lichens that
cover the old white-thorns, &c., and they have nearly all been taken
at Coomb, Birch, and Darent Woods, in Kent, and in the neigh-
bourhood of Brockenhurst in the New Forest.

A. Peronea. Button large, a. Very dark.

1. Bentleyana Curt.

Superior wings pale brown, an oblique portion from the base towards the apex
blackish-brown, including the button, an indistinct fascia near the base form-
ing a pale spot on the costa, and a brown tuft below, the apex is spotted, and
beneath is a large pale ring, inner margin bright ochre, palpi, head, and thorax
tawny.
August and September, Darent Wood and New Forest.

2. semiustana Curt. — profanana Haw.

Dull ochreous, superior wings and button brown-black, with an obscure fascia
near the base, a large oblique space of the apical portion ferruginous-ochre
clouded with brown, a spot at the apex dark brown, and a doubly curved line
near the margin bearing 3 dark elevated dots at the inner angle and several
others round the disc.
Autumn, Coomb and Birch Woods ; October, New Forest.

3. profanana Fab. — Donovan, v. 11. pi. 377. f. 3.

Cinereous with a few minute elevated scattered spots and a large bundle of
fuscous scales in the middle of the superior wings, posterior cinereous, imma-
culate.
October, Darent Wood ? Mr. Francillon.

4. striana Haw.

Head and palpi snowy white, thorax fuscous : superior wings deep brown,
with 2 white dots near the extremity of the costa, a large elevated brown tuft
at the middle and other minute transverse ones next the anal angle, inner
margin with a cinereous streak.

July, Norfolk, Birch Wood, and end of September, Hants.

5. substriana Brit. Ent. 1st Editioii.

" Anterior wings griseous-brown, nearly immaculate, with a large tuft of ele-
vated black scales on the disc and an obscure ashy streak on the inner margin :
thorax fuscous : head and palpi cinereous." Step.

August, Birch and Darent Woods and New Forest.

6. brunnea Brit. Ent. 1st Edition.

" Anterior wings pale brown at the base, dai'k at the apex ; the disc with a
black tuft of elevated scales and a few smaller ones near the anal angle ; on
the inner margin is a faint ashy streak : thorax, head, and palpi ashy." Step.

August, September, Darent Wood and New Forest.

7. Lichcnaua Bent. MSS. This as well as Nos. 10, 13, 18, 20, 23 and 40 arc de-
scribed from Mr. Bentley 's specimens.

9

Superior wings purplish-brown with a large black button and a few small tufts
at the anal angle ; a bright ferruginous line from the button towards the apex,
softened into the costa, head, thorax, and a large patch at the base of the inner
margin white. Curt.

8. vittana Brit. Ent. 1st Edition.

Ash-grey, superior wings with a purplish tinge, an oblique anterior space
more ochreous, ferruginous towards the costa, inner margin lurid-ochreous ;
tuft black with 2 small ones towards the apex, and several at the anal angle.
Autumn, New Forest and near London.

9. spadiceana Haw.

Ash-grey, superior wings bright bay at the base and purplish-brown towards
the extremity, divided obliquely and deep ferruginous at their union, inner
margin purplish-grey, button and minuter tufts at the posterior margin black.
End of Sept. to Feb., Coomb Wood, and white-thorns, Hants.

10. subcristalana Bent. 3ISS.

Palpi, head and collar ash-colour, superior wings beautifully variegated and
similarly marked to No. 11, but entirely brown, the broken angulated fascia
at the base and the button are very dark brown, the curved semiloop on the
costa is pale purplish brown, and at the apex is a lead-coloured spot. Curt.

b. Button ochreous or orange.

11. cristalana Do}i. S. pi. 77. f. 1. 2. — cristana Goda.

Superior wings livid brown, clouded, piceous at the base, with a white angu-
lated fascia, bearing a piceous spot towards the inner margin which it does not
reach, and the angle uniting with an oblique white stripe reaching the costa ;
button ochi-eous ; palpi head and a stripe down the thorax white.
Beginning of August and end of September, Coomb, Birch, and
Darent Woods and New Forest.

12. fulvovittana Brit. Ent. \st Edition.

Superior wings livid brown clouded with darker marks, piceous at the base,
bounded by an angulated grey fascia, whitish at the costa ; inner margin bright
yellow-ochre ; button, palpi, and head dull white inclining sometimes to ochre.
Autumn, Greenhithe and New Forest.

13. sequana Bent. MSS.

Similar to No. 12, but smaller and having no white in the superior wings, which
are purplish-brown and variegated ; an angulated brown space at the base
spotted with black, button large and ochreous at the apex, with a short black
streak beyond it, the semiloop on the costa purplish-grey, apex lead-colour,
inner margin ochreous ; palpi, head, and centre of thorax pale ash-colour.

14. cnnsimilana Brit. Ent. 1st Edition.

Palpi, head, and centre of thorax white ; superior wings purplish-brown, with
a streak from the base, including the button, deep orange, inner margin
marked by one or two white lines.
Autumn, near Brockenhurst.

15. sericana Hiib. Tort. pi. 14./. 83. — Desfontainana Haw.

Cinereous-lilac ; superior wings with an orange stripe from the base including
the button, the oblique space above ferruginous-brown, palpi and head white.

Autumn, pathways in Coomb and Birch Woods and Hants.

16. Desfontainiana Eab. — fulvocristana Step.

Cinei'eous-lilac, superior wings with an orange stripe from the base including
the button, the oblique space above ferruginous brown, inner margin yellow-
ochre : palpi and head white, centre of thorax yellowish-white.

This is the Fabrician species, distinguished by the yellow inner-
margin, and taken in the Autumn near Brockenhurst.

3

17. a\hovittana Brit. Ent. IstEdition.—Step. pl.36.f. 2.

Superior wings dark livid brown, an orange streak at the base, including the
button, which is paler, several minute tufts towards the apex, the inner margin,
palpi, head, and thorax white.
August, near Brockenhurst.

c. Button white.

18. Chantana Curt.

Superior wings purplish-brown, with a large lanceolate space from the base
nearly to the apex of the costa ferruginous ; inner margin, a large button, and
a broken line of minute dots along the posterior margin pure white, as well
as the head and thorax.

19. cristana Fab. not/. 176. o{ Hiib.—Lefehvnana Goda, pi. 244./. 6.

Livid brown sometimes a little clouded ; palpi, head, thorax, button, minute
tufts towards the apex, and inner margin white.

Aug. and Sept., Norfolk, Coomb and Birch Woods and Hants.

20. insulana Curt.

Superior wings purplish-brown with a large white button, the inner margin
white, with a long purplish brown streak on the disc ; palpi, head, and thorax
white.

21. subvittana Step. III.

Plain purplish-brown, palpi, head, and centre of thorax whitish, button and a
lanceolate spot at the base of the inner margin white.

August, near Brockenhurst.

22. albipunctana Haw. MSS.

" Anterior wings brown, immaculate, with a central tuft of white elevated
scales and a few scattered ones towards the hinder margin ; on the inner mar-
gin is a broad ochreous-white, or cream-coloured dash ; head, thorax, and palpi
cream-colour." Step.
End of September, near Brockenhurst.

d. Button small. Lopas, Acleris and Eclectis Hiib.

23. alboflammana Curt.

Superior wings livid-brown with a small button on the disc and an orange dot
at the base ; a costal spot near the apex and the middle of the cilia fox-colour ;
inner margin, upper side of palpi, head, and thorax white.

2i. raficostana Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 16.

Ochreous-grey ; superior wings livid brown, a deep ferruginous stripe at the
base extending beyond the middle and including a small button, the lanceolate
space above rich brown, inner margin white with a few dots at the anal angle;
palpi, head, and thorax white.
Beat out of white-thorns in the New Forest in August, Septem-
ber, and October.

25. umbrana Hiib. Tort. pi. 10./. 59. — Lopas Hiib.

Ochreous brown, superior wings clouded, base of the costa palest and forming
a spot at the centre ; a dark stripe along the middle to the apex, 3 small re-
mote tufts above the centre and 2 near the anal angle.
August, September, pathways in Coomb Wood and New Forest.

26. albistriana Hatv. Lep. Brit. 412. 59.

Anterior wings fuscous, of an obscure purple tinge, with a few scaly spots,
costa roughly ciliated, inferior margin with a cinereous streak.

August, September, Greenhithe and near Brockenhurst.

4

27. ramostriana Brit. Ent. \st Edition.

" Anterior wings pale testaceous brown, with numerous darker streaks radia-
ting from a pale central one : posterior wings whitish-brown : thorax and head
whitish." Step.

Autumn, near Brockenhurst.

28. radiana Hilb. Tort. 28. 177.— Lopas Hiih.

Reddish-brown, the nervures paler ferruginous with a small tuft at the centre,
costa from the base to the apex livid-ochre, with oblique darker rays between
the nervures ; inferior wings cinereous,
September, Norfolk, Darent Wood, and near Brockenhurst.

29. divisana Hiih. Tort. 31. \9S.—Step. pi. 31./. 1.— Lopas Hiib.
Purplish-brown, with a black line from the base to the apex softened ofFbelow,
the space above cream-colour, with the edge of the costa light fulvous-brown
and a minute dark tuft before the middle.

Autumn, Greenhithe and New Forest ; end of September, Darent
Wood ; April, Hume, Mr. Dale.

30. strigana Curt. Brit. Ent. \st Edition.

Castaneous-brown, nervures paler, with a dark line from the base to the apex ;
inferior wings subochreous, cilia brighter.

31. centxowitiBxia Haw. MSS.

Anterior wings reddish-brown variegated with grey, with an ochreous stripe
from the base to the apex including a small tuft before the middle, with others
nearer the base.
July, Surrey ; September, near Brockenhurst.

32. combustana Hiih. 37. 234, not of Godart. — Lopas Hiib.

Castaneous brown, with an obscure paler stripe from the middle to the apex,
an interrupted angulated ochreous fascia at the base reaching the costa and
bearing 2 white streaks below, inner margin yellow ochre.
August, September, Surrey and near Brockenhurst.

33. autumnana Hiib. 39. 247. — Acleris Hiib.

Ferruginous-brown, with a fascia towards the base more or less distinct and
ochreous, bounded internally by a subtrigonate darker macula on the iimer
margin, the apex forming a brown spot, and externally on the costa by an
elongate-trigonate brown space, the apex softened into the ground, with 3 or 4
spots on the costa.
Autumn, Gibside, Durham, and Brockenhurst.

34. Byringerana Hiib. 10. 61. var., — Sponsana i^a6. ? — Eclectis Hiib.

Brown, superior wings with a large portion of the base and inner margin pale
cinereous, uniting with a horse-shoe of the same colour at the anal angle, with
smaller spots towards the apex and on the costa, the immediate base brown,
with a broken brown fascia and a few minute tufts before the middle.
Scotland, September, Birch-wood and New Forest.

35. obsoletana Step.

" Anterior wings brown shining, nearly immaculate, with a very obsolete paler
fascia placed somewhat obliquely near the base and a subovate brown patch in
the middle of the costa : posterior wings ashy-brown. July, Ripley." Step.

36. coronana Thunb. — eximiana^aw. — Buringerana Hiib. 7'or/.34.216. — sparsana

Treit.1 Eclectis //«6.

Purplish-brown, a large portion of the base of superior wings white, termina-
ting in an indented oblique line, with a small ochreous tuft at the middle, the
white space is divided by a broken brown fascia and dotted lines, at the anal
angle is a curved white mark extending towards (he apex, and sometimes
uniting with the base.

November, Coomb-wood and New Forest.

5

27. subcristana Brit.Ent. 1st Edition.

" Anterior wings dark glossy brown, with deep clouds, especially towards the
costa, on which is a dusky blotch ; on the disc is an elevated dark but minute
tuft of scales and a few others towards the anal angle j head, thorax, and palpi
ashy-white; posterior wings pale-fuscous." Step.
Scotland, Darent-wood, and New Forest.

38. latifasciana Haw.

Superior wings cinereous or hoary with a truncate and trigonate fascia at the
base, and another very broad dark brown one a little behind the middle, ob-
lique at the extremity and extending almost to the posterior margin which is
ashy-white.
August, September, hedges and woods, Hampshire, Yorkshire,
and round London.

39. plumbosana Hau: — plumbana and elevana Fah. — scabrana Hiib. 10. 58 ?
Livid-castaneous, costa darker at the base with elevated scales, and a few mi-
nute darker ones on the disc, and 3 forming a compact triangle towards the
middle of the costa.

September, Birch-wood and New Forest.

B. Palpi shorter. Button vanishing ; wings a little scabrous.

40. Leachana Curt.

As large as Sarrothripus ; rough, grey freckled with brown, costa ciliated at the
base and the cilia spotted with brown ; a reddish brown trifid mark in the
centre : inferior wings spotted and somewhat reticulated with bi'own. A single
specimen in the British Museum.

41. marmorana Bent. MSS.

Expanse 12 lines; superior wings brown and ferruginous freckled with
greyish-white and black, narrowed at the base, the costa not depressed ; palpi,
head, thorax, and base of wings brown, a large indistinct elongate-trigonate
brown space on the costa, the base bicurved and forming a black spotted line,
leaving between it and the base a somewhat grey fascia, the costa from the
middle to the apex spotted brown and grey. — Curt.
October, off paling, Epping Forest, Mr. Bentley.

42. reticulana Haw. 409. 48. — tristana. Haw. var.

Similar to No. 42 ; anterior wings pale ash-colour obscurely reticulated Avith
fuscous ; costa with irregular and obscure fuscescent spots ; inferior wings pale
fuscous or whitish.
July to September, amongst grass, Epping Forest, and in woods
round London.

43. favillaceana Hilb. 11. 62. — Acleris Hub.

Superior wings grey slightly scabrous ; a spot at the base and a large elongated
trigonate spot on the costa from the middle to the apex, ferruginous, forming
a fascia truncated on the disc.

July to September, Scotland, Coomb, Birch, and Darent-woods.

44. Fagana Curt.

Silvery grey, with the head, thorax, and a spot at the base of the superior
wings purplish brown, an oblique striga broadest at the costa before, and an ob-
lique fascia of the same colour across the middle with the edges indented,
generally vanishing before it reaches the anal angle, and extending in a triangle
towards the apex which is slightly reticulated; abdominal tuft of male ochreous.
Similar to No. 43, but I have seen no connecting varieties. I have
always found it amongst beech trees the end of August near Lynd-
hurst.

6

45. Logiana Linn. — tristana Hiib. 9. 50. — Acleris Hiib.

Silvery grey, freckled, with an elongate trigonate brown spot on the costa
arising before the middle and reaching nearly to the apex.
September, Greenhithe.

46. semii'hombana Curt. — Boscana JTazi'., wot o^ Fahr ictus.

Anterior wings whitish, with a few reddish fuscous scattered elevated atoms ;
a spot at the base of the costa and a lesser one opposite on the inner margin ;
3 subconfluent subcastaneous spots on the costa a little behind the middle
forming a large triangle ; cilia entirely brownish.

August, Birch, &c. September, Darent-wood and New Forest.

47. trigonana Step. — Logiana Hiib. 34. 217. — Lopas Hiib.

Head, palpi, antennae and thorax brown ; superior wings ochreous freckled
with ferruginous, a reddish-brown spot on the costa at the base and sometimes
a small one opposite, 3 large spots of a similar colour forming an elongated
triangle on the costa, bisinuated inside, from before the middle nearly to the
apex; cilia reddish brown.

September, Birch-wood and Greenhithe.

48. Schalleriana Limi., not oi Hiibner.

Cinereous-grey, faintlyreticulated with brown with a few black scattered atoms ;
an elongate-trigonate deep ferruginous patch on the casta, brightest in the
middle.
End of August and September, Scotland, Gibside, Coomb,
Birch, and Darent-woods.

49. rufana Fab. — comparana Hiib. 46, 284. — Acleris Hiib.

Dull pale ferruginous with minute elevated dots appearing white inside and
black out ; a large semiovate or subtrigonate dark brown spot on the costa
and sometimes a trigonate one on the inner margin near the base.
Middle of September, Yorkshire; end of August, white-thorn
hedges, woods and gardens round London and Dover.

50. cirrana Curt. — borana Haw. not ot Fabricius.

Superior wings rough with scales, cream-colour, more or less tinted and va-
riegated with brown, a subtrigonate brown, black and grey spot on the inner
margin near the base, the posterior half pale brown dotted with black, with a
dark brown elongate trigonate macula on the costa spotted with lead colour, a
pale curved mark near the anal angle and a smaller one next the subferrugi-
nous cilia.
August, woods round London, and New Forest.

51. variegana i^ai. — AbildgaardanajFai. var.'i — cristana ^m6. 10.55. — Eclectis
Hiib.

Hinder part of thorax and basal half of superior wings cream-colour, the latter
with a subtrigonate space on the inner margin formed of cinereous spots, but
solid, ferruginous and spotted with black, posterior portion ferruginous varie-
gated, with a livid macula towards the apex, and the internal margin with a
line of elevated scales. The superior wings sometimes have no white.
End of June, Scotland, Horning Norfolk, &c.

52. Asperana Fab. Goda 244.5? — Nyctemerana Hiib. 38. 240. — Schalleriana Goda
243. 8 ?— EcLECTis Hiib.

Superior wings divided obliquely in colour, the basal half white or cream-colour,
sometimes slightly dotted, the remainder brown, reticulated scabrous and oc-
casionally variegated with white.
July and August, woods, hedges, and gardens round London ;
and Gibside, Durham.

53. costimaculana Step, appears to be more nearly related to a neighbouring genus,
called AcLERis in the "Illustrations."

" Anterior wings pale ochreous-red, very obscurely irrorated with dull red
atoms, forming occasionally a somewhat reticulated appearance ; in the middle of
the costa is a large subovate red spot, palish in the middle and bordered on the
disc with a short longitudinal dusky line ; hinder margin immaculate ; poste-
rior wings whitish-ash." — Step.

August, near_Dover.

C. Wings powdered, not scabrous.

54. similana Brit. Ent. \st Edition.

Superior wings rather narrow and slightly hooked, deep ochreous partially
freckled with black, a large elongate-trigonate spot on the costa, the inner
margin towards the base of the same colour.
Autumn, Birch- and other woods near London.

55. bistriana Haw. — apiciana Treit. 1

Ochreous, superior wings freckled with fermginous and larger dots of black,
the upper portion from the inner margin at the base to the apex whitish, a fer-
ruginous streak below the costa slightly angulated at the centre and carried to
the apex, inner margin of the same colour, vanishing towards the anal angle.
July and August, Birch-wood.

56. albicostana .Sfejp. — pulverana Curt.

Superior wings ferruginous, powdered with white and freckled with black, the
costa concolorous and the extreme edge generally less white than the rest.

The Lichen parietinus is represented in the plate.

29.

SARROTHRIPUS RAMOSANUS.

Branched Brush-leg.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidee.

Ty]pe of the Genus, Tortrix degenerana Hub.

Sarrothripus Curt., Goda. — Penthina Och. — Axia Hiib. — Pyralis Fab.,

Lat. — Tortrix Hub., Haw.

Antennae moderate, slender, setaceous, inserted on the crown of the

head close to the eyes, covered with fine scales outside, velvety inside ;

basal joint rather stout, cylindric and curved, 2nd small, remainder

oblong (1).

Maxillce very long and spiral (3).

Labial palpi porrected nearly horizontally and forming a compressed

beak much longer than the head, densely clothed with hairy scales (4) ;

slender and triarticulate, basal joint short, recurved, 2nd long, clavate,

recurved at the base, 3rd joint as long or longer, nearly filiform (4 a).
Head with the scales on the crown projecting beyond the forehead {1) : eyes
prominent and globose. Thorax with a thick tuft behind. Abdomen longish,
linear and tufted in the male, the apex conical in the female. Wings slightly
deflexed in repose ; superior with the costa straight, the shoulders very much
rounded and hairy, posterior margin truncated and convex, disc ivith one or
more tufts of scales : inferior ample, emarginate near the apex : cilia mode-
rate. Legs rather short and stout, intermediate the longest: thighs, anterior
with a long brush of hairy scales on the inside : tibiae, anterior short, unth a
spine and a long brush of hairy scales on the inside (8), intermediate and
hinder spurred at the apex, the latter with a pair of spurs a little below the
middle : tarsi b -jointed, basal joint long : claws and pulvilli minute.
Larvae with numerous long hairs ; 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.
Pupae (*) inclosed in a boat-shaped cocoon.

Ramosanus Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 968. 2. — ramulanus Step., Wood.
Fuscous : head, palpi, collar and a great portion of the superior wings
ferruginous-brown, the latter with a dark longitudinal line, rayed at the
base and branched on its inferior margin, above it is a black spot of
scales ; 3 fuscous ocellated spots, with others more obscure, form an
irregular transverse line near the posterior margin, on which is a
second regular row of smaller dots.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Bentley and the Author.

A SMALL but fine group of Tortricidse is here selected on account
of a variety of striking characters which are not common to any of
the neighbouring genera, and the brushes of hairs attached to the
fore legs have supplied the name Sarrothripus. There is an un-
doubted similarity between this genus and Halias, pi. 575, as far as
regards the coloured pupae and the form of the cocoon, but it is only
necessary to refer to the trophi and members to be satisfied that no
close affinity really exists. To Peronea, pi. 16, it is I think much
more nearly allied : and on a comparison of these two groups one is
struck with the little attention that has been paid to the structure of
the Lepidoptera, when we know that tliey have hitherto been in-
cluded by every one under the same generic appellation; for such
wide diffei'ences in most of the other Orders would have been lonij

557

since detected. I hope, however, by the dissections with which I
shall always illustrate the subjects, that I may be able to interest
entomologists sufficiently to induce them to attend to the structure
of this beautiful Order.

A doubt was expressed by Haworth whether the following insects
might not be merely varieties ; but the numerous specimens which
have since then been collected, do not strengthen such a conjecture,
and the addition of the novelty figured renders it still more probable
that they are distinct. Mons. Duponchel, however, does not seem
to doubt their being varieties, but until they are reared from one
brood of caterpillars I must be allowed to retain my opinion.

1. Stoninus Curt. Guide. Superior wings brown with a black branched stripe,
and a waved fuscous striga across the disc.

Taken at Darent in July. It may be a var. only of the next.

2. ramosanus Curt. — ITiih. pi. 2./. 10. — ranuilaiius Wood, pi. 35. 1046.
The beautiful specimen figured was beat off a tree at Birch-wood,

in July; another was taken upon paling there, and a third was
found on Dartfbrd Heath.

3. dilutanus Huh. pi. 2. /. 6. Superior wings fuscous, with 2 double sinuated
strigje across the middle, the space between brown, with several piceous stripes
attached to the inner one, and a sinuated fuscous striga beyond the disc.

Supposed to have been taken in Norfolk, the New Forest, Coomb,
Birch, Darent and Greenhithe woods, in August and the beginning
of September.

4. Revayanus Schiff. — undulanus Hilh. 2. 7. — Superior wings fuscous, with a
black ray at the base, 2 double sinuated lines across the middle with an ochreous
spot between them and a line of blackish spots beyond.

From June to December, in Birch and Darent woods, and the
New Forest, first week in November, Mr. Lyeli, Kinnordy.

5. Afzelianus Gmel. Superior wings suboclu-eous fuscous, with 2 waved strigae,
base and a large trigonate spot on the costa black, with 2 black dots between them,
another on the disc, and 2 blackish spots near the interior angle.

End of March, in dry leaves : Autumn and winter in Coomb,
Birch and Darent woods, and the New Forest.

6. Lathamianus Gmel. — Afzelianus Wood. 1045. — Ilicana Don, 10. 357. 2. —
punctana Iliib. 2. 9. var. Superior wings ferruginous-brown, with a double
sinuated black striga before the middle, 2 black spots near the base, another on
the disc, and 3 others near the posterior angle.

August and beginning of September, Birch and Darent woods.

7. Ilicanus Fah. — Wood, 1043., & 1042. & 1044. are varieties. Superior wings
greyish, 2 faint strigae across the middle, the space between more or less castane-
ous with a black dot, 2 black dots nearer the base, and a broken sinuated blackish
line beyond the middle.

July and August, Coomb, Birch and Darent woods, and the
New Forest.

8. degeneranus Hilb. 2. S.— Wood, 1040. & 1041.— bifascian a Z)ow, 11. 357. 3.
var. Sulphureous grey, 2 double sinuated strigre on the superior wings, fuscous
between with a ferruginous dot ; a transverse line of fuscous spots and 2 strigse
near the base, and a broken sinuated blackish striga beyond the disc.

The most abundant species, and occurs from July to December in
Birch and Darent woods, the New Forest, &c. The larva is found
on Salix caprea in July ; it lives between the leaves, which it unites in
a bundle at the extremity of the branches; it is green and hairy ; an
outline from Hiibner is added to our plate as well as the cocoon,
which is attached to a branch clothed with Lichen punastri^ Plum-
tree Lichen.

42S

' J^i^- ^ (J.-t,,',^^ /^A- /• •/<J^£

?

428.

NOLA MONACHALIS.

The small Black -arches.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea cucullatella Linn.

NoLA Leach, Curt. — Hercyna Treit. — Chlamifera and Bombyx Hub. —
Pyralis Hub., Haw. — Phalsena Tinea Linn.
Antenna; inserted close to the eyes on each side the crown of the
head, moderately long, composed of many joints scaly above,
basal joint large globose and clothed with long scales forming a
long brush on the inside, 2nd globose, the remainder oblong,
each producing 2 pilose branches at the base in the male (1 (?) j
simple in the female ($).

MaxillcE a little longer than the Palpi, slender and spiral (3).
Labial Palpi large, porrected horizontally or rather drooping,
parallel robust and densely clothed with scales (4) ; triarticulate,
basal joint short, 2nd very long and ventricose, 3rd minute
ovate (4 a).
Head clothed with scales. Eyes small, lateral and prominent. Thorax
small globose. Abdomen short and rather stout in the females.
Wings entire, superior sublanceolate with 3 elevated tufts in a line
beneath the costa, and, covering the inferior when in repose in the form
o^ a triangle. Thighs ; middle pair the longest. Tibiae, anterior
very short, with an internal spine, the others spurred at the apex,
posterior long ciliated externally, with a pair of spurs also near the
middle. Tarsi long, 5-jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws slender
and curved.
Caterpillars hairy, with 6 pectoral, 6 ? abdominal, and 2 anal feet.
Pupse inclosed in a conical case truncated at one end.

MoNACHALis Haw. Lep. Brit. 386. 33. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 970. 1 ,
Cinereous-gray, partially tinged with ochre and freckled with
white: palpi brown on the outside; a brown band across the
fore part of the thorax, the centre and a dot on each side of the
same colour : superior wings with several brown and black spots
on the costa, a sinuated and crenated black striga before, and
another, more waved, beyond the middle, containing 3 brown
spots, 2 of them formed by the inner side of the raised tufts ;
towards the posterior margin several of the nervures are irregu-
larly streaked with black, and on the margin which is edged with
a pale line they are terminated by 7 black dots ; cilia dark cine-
reous with 7 whitish streaks : inferior wings entirely cinereous
brown, cilia unspotted.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Haworth and the Author.

These moths are so nearly allied to the Tortricida?, that if
they did not rest with their wings in a triangle, and the cater-

pillars had 8 abdominal feet, I should associate them with
that family and not with the Pyralidse. Even the cocoon
(fig. A.) is very similar to those formed by the larvae of Halias
clorana and our genus Sarrothripus (pi. 29.). Dr. Leach and
Mr. Samouelle have described the palpi with "the 2nd and 3rd
joints nearly equally long," which is undoubtedly a mistake.

With the larva and pupa of Tortrix ntgosana Hiib. I am
unacquainted, but the moth seems to be a beautiful connecting
link between Sarrothripus and Nola; the upper wings have
the same curious tufts of scales, only greater in number, and
the palpi appear to be intermediate.

Three species inhabit England.

1. N. monachalis Haiso.—Curt. Brit. Efit. pi. 428 ? : the c? I

have not seen.
Stated to have been taken in the Fens in Yorkshire the end
of May. It is very rare, and has never been figured, and it
is remarkable that neither of the other species has in any
English work that I remember.

2. N. strigulalis Hub. Pyrahdes^Z. 3. f. 16.

Palpi and rays of antennae shorter than in N. cucullatella.
White variegated and slightly freckled with pale cinereous:
thorax with a yellowish brown band across the front: superior
wings sublanceolate, costa spotted with black and brown, an
angulated black striga before and another more lobed and
crenated beyond the middle with a serrated one and 2 of the
elevated tufts between them; posterior margin cinereous, va-
riegated with white, the nervures darker with an irregular line
or two towards the margin : inferior wings cinereous, palest at
the base, with a long spot in the disc, shining through from
beneath.

Not uncommon the end of May and beginning of June. In
the 3rd volume of Kirby and Spence, p. 230, is an interesting
account of the Caterpillar, it is supposed of this Moth.

3. N. cucullatella Linn. — palliolalis Hub. pi. 23./ 149 ? —

pl.S.f.lSS'

Palpi longer than the head: antennae producing in the
males 2 ciliated spines towards the base of each joint. Gray
or cinereous, superior wings rounded, base dark cinereous,
terminated by a blackish curved striga ; beyond the middle is
a fine sinuated black striga bounding a gray fascia containing
one of the 3 tufts, through which sometimes passes a pale
brown waved striga; a gray sinuated line towards the posterior
margin, and 2 dots on the costa : inferior wings palest at the
base.

Beginning and middle of July in hedges and gardens ; on
paling in Regent's Park. The Caterpillar feeds on Apple-trees.

The Plant is Eriophorum angnsfifoUiim (Common Cotton-
grass).

5W

c^v^/o^i^U^ (^/. /./eco

320.

SIMAETHIS MYLLERANA.

Myller's Nettle-tap.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Oxyacanthella Linn.

SiMAETHis Leach, Sam. — Anthophila Hav). — Agrotera Schr. — Asopla
Treit. — Xylopoda La^,— Pyralis Fab., Lat. — Tortrix S; Tinea
Limi.

AntenncB inserted on the crown of the head, close to the eyes,
slender and capillary, clothed with scales above, very pilose be-
neath especially towards the apex, some appearing biciliated in
the males, basal joint the stoutest, 2nd subglobose, the re-
mainder oblong, terminal joint conical (fig. 1. the base and apex).
Maxillce half as long again as the antennae, clothed with scales
at the base (3).

Labial Palpi porrected obliquely, curved at the base but not at
the apex, scaly but not hairy, the terminal joint distinct (4) j
triarticulate, basal joint long and robust, 2nd longer and rather
more robust, 3rd nearly as long as the first, but slenderer and
attenuated to the apex (4 a).
Head rather small clothed with scales. Eyes not large. Ocelli 2 ra-
ther large (7 a). Thorax ovate. Abdomen linear, obtuse at the
apex, sub-ventricose in the females. Wings ample, when at rest
nearlij forming a triangle, the superior sometimes raised from the in-
ferior. Legs rather stout. Tibiae, anterior short, with an internal
spine, middle and hinder pair terminated by long spurs, the latter
having a pair at the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed, anterior much longer
than the tibia:. Claws and Pul villi minute (Sf, hind leg). Cater-
pillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet?

Myllerana Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 3. pars 2. p. 277. n. 147.

Female, Brown with an orange hue. Antennae and legs white,
the former dotted, the latter annulated with black. Thorax with
the lobes edged with white. Abdomen with the margins of the
segments silvery. Superior wings with a space on the interior
margin thickly sprinkled with white scales ; 3 white spots on
the costa, a white dot near the base and one at the centre, with
a smaller one above ; about 7 metallic spots with a pink tint,
towards the costa, and between the base and the middle of the
wing, a curved but interrupted metallic line nearer the posterior
margin, and an abbreviated one parallel and close to the fringe,
which is white, brown at the base and black at the apex and at
the posterior angle. Inferior wings fuscous, sprinkled a little
with white, with a short white transverse stripe towards the
margin. Cilia white, with a brown line at the base, an imper-
fect fuscous stripe at the centre and black near the superior
wings. Underside fuscous, 2 white spots on the costa, a long
white spot near the middle of the inferior wings, and below it
an abbreviated transverse stripe. Male with the antennae pro-
ducing very long cilia on each side, (fig. 1. b).

In the Cabinets of Mr. Haworth, Mr, Dale, and the Author.

This little group, which hus long been distinguished as a genus,
forms the 2nd division of Treitschke's Asopiae, and is included
by some authors with the Pyralidae (Hypena, pi. 288, &c.);
but there is every reason to believe that it is more nearly allied
to the Tortricidae (Pyralis Fab.), and if the caterpillars have
16 feet, Simaethis cannot belong to the Pyralidae, a proof how
much remains to be learned of these beautiful and interesting
tribes, when we find that the larvae of these moths, some of
which are frequently hovering about every flower of the Rag-
wort, are unknown.

The Simaethes are remarkable for the peculiar manner in
which they carry their wings when they settle or walk, the
upper ones divaricating a little, and the external margin
slightly elevated, so as to discover the under wings. They
fly during the day, and are very lively when the sun shines.

I shall not at present venture to offer an opinion as to their
location, for the structure of the Lepidoptera is so little known,
that, excepting the Papilionidae, and the outline proposed by
Latreille, I have seen no arrangement that gives me the slight-
est idea of their natural affinities.

The following are our British species.

1. S. Fabriciana im/z. Sj/st. Nat, 2. 880. 324. — Fabricii Halt;.

471. 1. — Urticana Hub. Tort. pi. 44. / 273. ? —
Oxyacanthella Z(f;2w. 2. 886. 357. — Oxyacanthae Haw.
— dentana Hub.pl. l.yi 4. 5. — alternalis Treit.
Found from April to October on the Ragwort and other
plants in Norfolk, Suffolk, Surrey, the Isle of Wight, Dor-
setshire, &c.

2. S. pariana Linn.- Faun. Suec. 1341. — Hub. pi. \.f. I, 2. —

par Haw. — parialis Treit. — lutosa Haw. 472.
Found in gardens in the autumn. Mr. Haworth's A. lutosa
is the same as Hiibner's fig. 1 ; it has been found the beginning
of March, but Mr. Dale took it the end of June on an apple-
tree at Glanville's Wootton.

3. S. Myllerana Fab.—Curtis's Brit. Ent. pi. 320.— Mylleri

Haw. 472. — Schestediana Fab. 3. p. 279. 152. var. ?
Taken by Mr. Dale the beginning of June and September
upon the Fern, Mint, and Sweet Gale, near Brockenhurst and
West Hurn Hants, and on Parley Heath Dorset. I also
took it in abundance a few years since on Nettles near Torquay
Devon in October, and it is found likewise on Thistles.

4. S. punctosa Haw. Lep. Brit. ^'i'2,. 6.

Mr. Haworth, I believe, has taken specimens in Ashdown
Forest, and Mr. Dale found it upon yellow flowers in Middle-
marsh- wood, Dorset, the 9th and 1 5th of August.

The palpi and the antennas of the males, in these 2 species
differ considerably from the two first.

The plant is Mentha hirsuta (Hairy Mint).

^^8

128.

PYRAUSTA CINGULALIS.

The silver-barred Sable.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralid^ Leach. Crambites Lat.

Type of the Genus Pyralis purpuralis Lin7i.
Pyrausta Schr. — Botys Lat., Leach. — Pyralis, Linn., Hub., Haw.
Crambus Fab. — Phalsena Geometra Linn.

^^ntenncE nearly capillary, alike in both sexes, inserted between
the eyes on the crown of the head, composed of numerous elon-
gated joints, covered with scales above, hairy beneath, basal
joint robust (fig. 1 a, a few joints magnified).
MaxiilcB spiral, very long and slender, covered with small scales
on the external surface towards the base (3). Palpi small ex-
serted, arising from a lobe at the base of the maxillag, covered
with scales which extend far beyond the apex, composed of three
small joints (3 a).

Labial Palpi porrected like a beak, longer than the head, robust,
covered with scales which extend far beyond their apex (4),
3-jointed, basal joint short curved, 2nd long, slightly attenuated,
3rd small ovate (4 a).
Head rather small, covered with long scales, close on the forehead (7).
Wings, superior covering the inferior when at rest, slightly deflexed,
and forming a triangle. Ocelli 2, remote, situated behind the an-
tenncB (7 a). Legs long, anterior pair with the tibia much shorter
than the femur, with a long spine on the internal side. Tibiae of
the 2nd pair with spurs at the apex, of posterior with spurs also
above the apex. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint as long as the tibia in
the anterior pair. Claws minute. Pulvilli minute (8, afore leg).
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet P.

CiNGULALis Hub. Schmet. Pyr. 5. 30. — cingulata Linn. Faun. Suec.
1303.

Brownish black, slightly tinged w-ith purple. Head and palpi
beneath dirty white ; superior wings with a sinuated narrow
pale ochraceous stripe parallel to the posterior margin, continued
across the inferior wings and forming a semicircular line ; cilise
white at their extremities.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

All the species that form this beautiful group are day-flying
insects, and are generally to be seen hovering about grassy
situations when the sun shines. Germar informs us that
Schrank in the Fauna Boica, II. 2, 164, has named them
Pi/rausta ; but as we have never seen that work, we do not
know whether he has given any characters. We believe the
ocelli, so very similar to those of u^geria, have not been
noticed by any author.

The following are the species recorded as British ; and it is
a little singular that not one has been added to the group
since Mr. Haworth described them in his Lepidoptera Bri-
tannica.

1 P. atrahs Linn., Don. 8. 266. 4. . July. Grassy places Birch

wood.

2 purpuralis Z/., Don. 1 0. 339. 2. May. Hedges and Heaths.

3 ostrinalis Hub July. Hedges.

4 punicealis Hub June, July, Aug. Heaths,

Hampshire.

5 porphyralis Fab July. Heaths.

6 cespitalis Fab July. Chalky places.

7 sordidalis Hiib April, June, July. Chalky

and grassy places.

8 anguinalis Hiib July. Chalky places. Mr.

Walker Southgate.

9 cingulalis Liim June, July. Grassy hills

Scotland, Devon.

As all the above species are figured by HUbner we have
selected the rarest, which Mr. Dale and myself had the plea-
sure of capturing in tolerable plenty, as we ascended Arthur's
Seat near Edinburgh the end of June 1825. We observed that
whenever a cloud obscured the sun, they ran amongst the
roots of the short grass to conceal themselves — P. cingulalis
is also met with in Devonshire, and I believe in Hampshire.

The plant is Bromus mollis (Soft Brome-grass.)

A/gs

3 -%,

495.
HYDROCAMPA STRATIOTATA.

The ringed China-mark.

Type of the Genus, Geometra Stratiotata Linn.
Hydrocampa Lat., Goda., Curt. — Nymphula Schr., Och. — Pyralis
Hub., Hatv. — Geometra Linn. — Phalsena Fab.
Antennae alike in both sexes, inserted close to the eyes on the
crown of the head (1), nearly as long as the body, slender, seta-
ceous, composed of numerous oblong joints, clothed with scales
and ciliated beneath, sometimes with each joint tasselled or
knotted beyond the middle to the apex, where they are com-
pressed (1 «).

Maxillce considerably shorter than the maxillary palpi, composed
of 2 filiform threads (3). Palpi small, porrected, clothed with
scales (7 a), 4-jointed, 3 first joints stout, somewhat cup-shaped,
4th smaller and globose (3 a).

Labial Palpi longer than the head, porrected, a little curved and

attenuated, clothed with scales (4), triarticulate, basal joint a

little the stoutest, somewhat obovate, 2nd longer, subelhptic,

3rd slender, as long as the first and nearly naked (4 a).

Males smaller than the females. Head small, subglobose : eyes lateral,

globose and prominent : ocelli two (7, head in profile) . Thorax

small and globose. Abdomen long, slender, and tufted at the apex

in the male, conical in the female. Wings forming a triangle and

depressed when at rest, superior rather long, narrow and lanceolate

in the female ; inferior ovate-trigonate. Legs long and slender.

Thighs short, especially/ the posterior : Tibise, anterior very short,

with an internal sjnne, 4 posterior long and terminated by lo?ig spurs,

the hinder pair having 2 also at the middle (Sf) : tarsi very long and

5 -jointed, basal joint the longest, the following gradually decreasing

in length : claws and pulvilli very minute.

Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet, generally smooth.

Stratiotata Li7in. F. S. 341. 1300. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 974. 5. —
paludata Fab.

Male white, antennae knotted towards the apex ; abdomen with
the base of each segment blackish : superior wings obtuse, va-
riegated with brown, forming an unequal oblique fascia across
the centre, the further margin edged with white, a white stripe
crenated by a brown line near to the posterior margin and a
Avhite dot on the disc in a dark ring ; cilia spotted with darker
brown, and white at the base ; inferior with 2 or 3 interrupted
brown waved lines across the middle, and a fine one near to the
margin ; cilia spotted brown at the base. Female dirty ochre,
superior wings more lanceolate, with a small dark ring on the
disk, and a faint oblique line beyond it : inferior wings more or
less white, with the waved line below the centre generally broad,
cilia ochreous.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The habits of the larvae are most remarkable : they cut pieces
out of the leaves of the Water-lilies, Frog-bit, Duck-weed and
other floating plants, with which they cover themselves as with
a shield, rendering themselves so difficult to be seen, that when
at rest it is almost impossible to detect them. When they are
desirous of removing to any distance, I believe they will leave
their cases, (probably during the night, when they are not in
danger of being punctured by Ichneumons or flies,) as I have
seen them wandering about at that period without their cases.

I have on a former occasion alluded to the Scopula Snmbu-
calis having been included in this genus; but however its ap-
pearance may lead any one to suppose it is an Hydrocampa,
its structure and oeconomy will at once determine it to belong
to another group. For the same reasons H. literalis ought to
be removed ; and there will then remain two divisions.

I regret not being able to transcribe the interesting histories
of some of these insects from Reaumur and De Geer, which
have been abridged by M. Duponchel in his excellent conti-
nuation of Godart's " Lcpidopteres de France"

A. Labial palpi straight and rather drooping.

1. H. literalis Hiib. t. 13./*. 86. — reticularis Linn. Cab. — Faun.

Suec. 1355. — argentalis Fab. — July, moist places.

B. Labial palpi recurved, short and very scaly.

2. H. Potamogata L. — Don. 11. 363. 1. — Nymphaealis Hm6.,

from whom the caterpillar in our plate is drawn, to
show its curious habitation : it feeds also on the Pota-
mogeton natans. — M. July and b. of August, swampy
places on heaths, Hants; e. August, males in mea-
dows and on Water-lilies, borders of rivers.

3. H. Nymphaeatai. — Potamogalls ^//i^. — stagnata Z)o;i. 11.

363. 2. — M. July, moist places round London, &c. —
The caterpillar feeds on the Duck-weed.

C. Labial palpi recurved, slender and sparingly clothed.

4. H. Lemnata L. — Don. 8. 266. 1 & 2.— uliginata F. ? .—

M. May, moist places ; e. July, Fulham, on the Htj-
drockaris Morsus-rance (PI. 307.) and the Duck-weed.
— The caterpillar forms cases like H. Potamogata.
¥'. H. raagnificalis OcJi.—Hiib. tab. 16./. 104. $ .—Stated by
Treitschke to be a British insect.

5. H. Stratiotata Z/. — Curt. B. E. pl.^dB.S ? (drawn rather

larger than life). — B. July, ponds. — The caterpillar
feeds on the Stratiotcs Aloides (PI. 488.) : it is fur-
nished on each side with external tubes connected
with the tracheae, which look like hairs : vide De Geer,
V. l.t. 2>1.f. 2—6.
The Plant is Ni/mph£ea{Nuphar Smith) Zm^^a! (Yellow Water-
lily). The leaf is reduced about two thirds.

J/2

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312.

SCOPULA LONGIPEDALIS.

The long-legged Pearl.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidse Leach. — Crambites Lat.

Type of the Genus, Pyralis nebulalis Hilh.

ScopuLA 5c/ir., Treit., Steph. — Botys Lat., Treit., Steph. — Margaritia
Steph. — Pyralis Hub., Haw. — Phalaena Linn., Fab.
AntenncB inserted on the crown of the head (7), sometimes as
long as the wings, slender setaceous, composed of numerous
short joints clothed with scales above pubescent beneath (1 a).
Labrmn trigonate and transparent.
Mandibles densely ciliated on the inside.

Maxillce as long as the antennae, spiral, and attenuated, a con-
siderable space at the base covered externally with scales, the
apex ciliated (3). Palpi distinct curved upward, clothed with
long scales at the apex (7 a), 4-jointed, basal joint produced
above, 2nd and 3rd subovate, 3rd globose, 4th large ovate (3 a).
Labial Palpi rather long, and porrected horizontally, densely
covered with scales, robust, acuminated at both ends, the
scales forming a pencil and completely concealing the apical
joint (4) ; 3-jointed, basal joint short, 2nd long and rather
robust, 3rd minute oval (4 a).
Head small. Eyes large globose. Ocelli distinct, placed behind the
antennce (7). Thorax never robust nor crested. Abdomen slendery
frequently long and obtuse in the males. Wings various inform, the
superior covering the others when at rest and forming a triangle.
Legs long. Coxae, anterior long. Thighs, posterior short. Tibiae,
anterior very short, clothed toith thick scales on the inside, middle
and posterior pairs spurred at the apex, the latter having a pair near
the middle. Tarsi long, 5 -jointed. Claws and Pulvilli minute (8, a
fore leg). Caterpillars with ^pectoral, 6 or 8 abdominal and 2 anal
feet. Pupae either inclosed in a firm earthy cocoon, or fastened be-
tween dry leaves, moss, &;c.

LoNGiPEDALis Dale's MSS.

Reddish ochre. Palpi as long as the head, white beneath. An-
tennae nearly as long as the wings. Eyes blackish. Body very
long. Superior wings darkest at the costa, a sinuated dusky
striga before the middle, with a small whitish spot on the basal
side at its upper extremity, and sometimes a small oblong one
on the opposite side but lower down ; a kidney-shaped whitish
spot a little beyond the centre, and a very sinuated dull purplish
striga nearer the posterior margin. Inferior wings rather small,
inclining to a rusty brown, especially at the margin, with 2 faint
sinuated lines, one towards the base the other beyond the middle.
Legs very long and slender.
Obs. Some specimens are of a cinereous ochre colour.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The type of Latreille's genus Botys [Phaloena piirpuraria
Linn.) being a Geometra, I have adopted Schrank's name to
avoid confusion; and I have not divided the group into genera,
because I am not satisfied with Treitschke's characters : but
when the structure of the insects and their ceconomy are suffi-
ciently understood, they probably may be formed into several
genera with great advantage.

The following is a perfectly new arrangement; it includes
some insects unnoticed as British, and others hitherto placed
in genera to which they did not belong.

1. S. Priinalis Wien. T.— leucophaealis Hub. 1. 12./.77.— albidalislTMA.lS.

118. — nebulalis Haiv. but not o? Hub.

2. S. olivalis JV. r.— umbralis Hilb. 8. 52.— nivealis Fab.? Haiv.
.3. S. sticticalis Linn.? — tetragonalis Haw. — fuscalis Hub. 7. 45.

4. S. Alpinalis? Hub. 1 0. 63 J . 27. 175 and 176 ? .— uliginosalis Curt. MSS.

—Mr. Dale and myself discovered this Moth in July on the sum-
mit of Ben Lawers, and Craig-challoch, in Scotland.

5. 3. asinalis Hub. 29. 185. — F'or specimens of this insect I am indebted to

Captain Blonier, who took them near Teignmouth, Devon.

6. S. diversalis J^tt6. 16. 102.

7. S. Borealis Kob.—T\\e larva I took on a very high hill near Oban, in

August: it fed upon the Solidago virgaurea {{A. 45); the moth
hatched the following June.

8. S. pulveralis Hub. t. \7.f. 109.

9. S. fuscalis W. T.— cineralis Fab.— Hub. 10. m.—Haw.

10. S. Sambucalis W. V.—Hilb. 13. S\.—Haiu. p. 383.— This insect has

lately been associated with the Hydrocampse of Lat., but it evi-
dently belongs to this genus.

11. S. Verbascalis JF.V.— arcualis Hilb. 12. m.—Haiv.

12. S. longipedalis Curtis B. E. pi. 312.— Taken by J. C. Dale, Esq. amongst

brambles, at Weymouth Castle, Dorset, July 6th, and at Ryde in
the Isle of Wight.

13. S. ferrugalis Hub. 9. 54. & 23. \h(i.—Haiu. 382.

14. S. flavalis W. V.—Hiib. 11. 69.~Haw. 381.

15. S. institalis HUb. 29. 182.— lutealis Haiv. but not o( Hilb.

16. S. ochrealis Hilb. 22. 146.— Haw. not P. Verbascalis Hiib.9. 59, which

is the B. Pandalis Treit.

17. S. hyalinalis Hilb. 11. 74. — Haw. 377-— July, Darent-wood.

18. S. cinctalis Treit. 7. 97.— Hmbalis Hiib. 11. 72. & 73.— Haw.

19. S. angiKtalis Haw. Lep. Brit. 2}.379. n.8. — b. June, New Forest, Mr.Dale.

20. S. tenninalis Haiv. 379. 9.— July, Feversham.

21. S. pallidalis Hatv. 379. 10.

22. S. glabralis Fab.— Hilb. 10. 65.—Hatv.

23. S. lancealis? W. T.— glabralis Fab.—Hilb.'\S.U7 ? .— longalis Haw.—

June, Norfolk, and near Spitchwick Park, Devon.

24. S. verticalis Li)in. — Hilb. 9. 57-— Bon v. 16. ;j/. 556.

25. S. Urticaiis Linn.— Hilb. 12. 78.— Bon v. 10.;;/. 349. 2.

26. S. palealis W. V.—Hilb. 11. 70.— Haw. 378.— Aug., Norfolk & Dover.

27. S. margaritalis W. V. — Fab. — erucalis Hilb. 9. 55. — Norfolk & Berks.

28. S. elutalis HUb. 10. 62.— i7««;.— stramentalis Treil. 7- 76. 18.

29. S. forficalis Linn.—Hiib. 9. 58.

30. S. sericealis W. V.—Hiib. 9. 56.— Leeana Fab.— Don 10. 357. 4.

31. S. hybridalis Hilb. 17. 114.— T. noctuella W. V.

I have excluded the P. dentalis Hub., as I think from his
figure that it cannot belong to this genus ; and my specimen
o{ Py rails cilialis Hub. is nearly related to the Crambi.

The plant is Cniais palustris (Marsh Thistle).

■:J6J

cJs*^.-^ o^tJ^i^c^>: /-Ai.

563.

ODONTIA DENTALIS.

The starry Brindle.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralida?.

Type of the Genus, Pyralis dentalis Wien. Verz.
Odontia Dup., Curt. — Cynseda Hilb. — S copida -ScAr. — Pyralis Hub.,
Hatv. — Phalsena Fab. — Noctua Fab., Esp.
AntenncE inserted on the crown of the head, rather short and
slender, composed of numerous short joints clothed with scales
above, pubescent beneath (1).

Maxilla spiral, but very short (3). Palpi visible, projecting ob-
liquely and forming a tassel of scales (7 «) ; triarticulate, basal
joint oblong, 2nd subglobose, 3rd the longest (3 a).
Labial jjalpi porrected horizontally and forming a rather long
sharp beali, densely clothed with scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal
joint rather short and a little the stoutest, 2nd long and linear,
3rd more slender, shorter than the basal joint and conical at the
apex (4 a) .
Head small and subglobose : eyes rather large and prominent : ocelli
distinct (7, the head in profile). Thorax subglobose, not crested.
Wings slightly deflexed and forming a triangle in repose? ; superior
rounded at the apex, the cilia long : inferior tolerably ample, ovate ,-
cilia not long. Abdomen with the apex obtuse in the male, slightly
acuminated in the female. Thighs simple : tibiae, anterior with an
internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, the posterior being the
longest, with a pair of spurs also below the middle: tarsi 5 -jointed:
claws minute (Sf hind leg) .
Larva smooth, slightly tapering at both extremities, with 6 pectoral,

8 abdominal and two anal feet. Hiib.
Pupa inclosed in a close web, formed amongst leaves, obtuse at one

end and pointed at the other. Hiib.
Obs. The dissections were made from a female, and the Larva and Co-
coon were copied from H'dbner.

Dentalis Schr. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 97 6,1. — fulminans Fa6. — ramalis
Fab. — radiata Esp.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Bentley.

I INDICATED this pecuHai" insect as a Genus in my Guide, un-
conscious at that time of Hubner having done so before me ;

and in the " Lepidopteres de France," M. Duponchel states
that he adopts my genus, and has given it the name of

Odontia dentalis,
of which insect the following is a description.

Pale ochreous, superior wings with marks of a brown

colour more or less dusky, leaving a few oblique rays on

the costa towards the apex, with a pale spot near the

posterior angle, a very irregular oblique line across the

middle to the apex, forming 7 pale acute points and den-

ticulations, sometimes with a brown semicircular line on

the disc, and a semilunate one nearer the base : cilia

bearing 8 blackish rays, alternating with 7 white ones on

the posterior margin, which are formed by the nervures:

abdomen and hinder wings fuscous, paler at the base.

I should long since have published this interesting insect,

which was said to have only rudimentary or no maxillae, but

I was unable to obtain the loan of an example to figure, and

I am now indebted to Mr. Bentley, whose specimen was

purchased at the late Mr. Haworth's sale, and he merely stated

in his Lep. Brit., that it was very uncommon in England ; it

is however added in the ' Illustrations,' that Mr. Haworth's

insect was captured near London by Mr. Knight, and that

another was taken several years since in Devonshire, not far

from Tavistock.

As the plant on which the Caterpillar feeds is very abun-
dant in many parts of England, it is possible that the O. deiitalis
may not be so scarce as it is supposed to be. M. Duponchel
says that the Caterpillar lives hi the stalks of the Echium vul-
gare, out of which it only comes for the purpose of changing
into a chrysalis amongst the leaves of that plant.

The moth appears twice in the year, at the end of June and
beginning of August, and is not rare in the environs of Paris;
the specimen dissected I purchased at Montpellier.
The Plant is Echium vulgar e (Common Viper-grass).

c527

d^ ^ c/j|Ufcr 3^: ^r ^cV

527.

PYRALIS CRIBRALIS.

The Marsh Fan-foot.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae.

Type of the Genus, Ph. Pyralis barbalis Linn.

Pyralis Linn., Hub., Curt. — Crambus Fab., Haw. — Hermlnia Lat.,
Och., Goda.

Antennce inserted on the crown of the head, close to the eyes,
rather long and clothed with scales, bipectinate in the males
(1, (J), each joint having two hairy tubercles near the apex and
2 short hairy rays near the base, each terminated by a long
curved bristle; ciliated only in the female (1 $), the joints
producing 2 bristles.

Maxillce not so long as the antennae, rather slender and spiral,
ciliated towards the apex (3).

Labial Palpi very long slender and compressed, porrected ob-
liquely, clothed with short compressed scales (4), triarticulate,
basal joint short and curved, 2nd very long, nearly straight but
slightly attenuated at each end, 3rd joint larger than the 1st,
very slender and lanceolate (4 a).
Head rather small : eyes globose. Thorax ovate. Abdomen tufted
in the male at the apex, conical in the female. Wings forming a
nearly horizontal triangle ivhen at rest, costa nearly straight. Legs
rather long, anterior ornamented with long hairs in the males (8) :
coxse long and ciliated on both sides (c) .• thighs long and slender,
furnished with a fascicle of long hairs at the apex, inclining back-
ward (f) : tibise very short and obtrigonate, with a lobe on the inside,
the external angle produced and forming a large holloiv lobe (J) :
tarsi long b -jointed, basal joint very long and compressed, with a
fascicle of long hairs at the base (t) : claws and pulvilli minute: the
other tibise have a long pair of spurs at the apex, with two above
them in the hinder pair.
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 (often only 6) abdominal and 2 anal

feet. Hiib.
Pupse inclosed in a gauze-like web, and placed on the earth. Dup.

Cribralis Hub., Pyral. tab. 1. fig. 2. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 978. 1.

Male. Pale fuscous-ochre ; antennae beautifully bipectinated, with
the scales spreading over the inside a short distance from the
base : 3rd joint of palpi elongated : superior wings palest on the
disc, with a blackish dot near the centre and one or 2 oblique
lines of dots beyond it, the 1st curved and not reaching the
interior margin, the 2nd extending almost to the ajjex ; infe-
rior wings palest at the base : anterior thighs with a beautiful
tassel of ochreous hairs at the apex, the tibise dilated and jjro-
duced externally with a bundle of long hairs extending to the
apex of the tarsi and concealing them.
Female with the antennae and legs simple.

In the Author s and other Cabinets.

Most writers call this genus Herminia, but Linnaeus having
placed Ph. Pyralis tentacularis and P. barbalis at the head of
that group in his Fauna Suecica, I feel quite justified in re-
taining his name, although I regret it should be at the expense
of Latreille's ; and if the French Naturalist had not adopted
the Fabrician nomenclature, by which our Tortricidae were
regarded as the Pyralidae, he would not have deemed it ne-
cessary to give a new name to the present group. Mr. Ha-
worth by some accident in quoting the Fauna Suecica has
printed Phala^na Geometra barbalis, and others have copied
the error, but neither that species nor te?itactdaris is anywhere
referred to Geometra in the Works of Linnaeus.

Six of the ten European species have been found in this
country.

1. P. cribralis Huh.— Curt. Brit. Ent., pi. 527. $.

The male I took flying at Whittlesea Mere the 18th July,
and found a female upon the ground amongst rushes; I also
brushed a few males out of the long grass in a marsh at Horning
the 24th of last June, and Capt. Chawner captured several
flying in the evening.

2. P. derivalis Hilb, tab. S.f. 19. S'—Goda. v. 8. pi. \.f. 2.
June, skirts of woods, Kent; on the 9th of August Mr.

Chant found it in CoUyer's-wood, Greenhithe, and Mr. Bentley
has taken it in Birch-wood.

3. P. emortualis? Hub. tab. \.f. 1. ? .—Goda.pl. \.f. 1.
In Mr. Swainson's Cabinet.

The head of the Caterpillar is said to resemble that of an
Hesperia; it feeds upon the Oak, and has been found in Ger-
many the beginning of Sept. ; the raotli hatched the May fol-
lowing. In France it appears twice, in spring and in summer.

4. P. barbalis Linn. — Goda. pi. \. f. 5. — pectitalis Hilb. tab.

19. f. 122. (i*. — Harr. Expo.pl. 6./. 2.

Middle of May and beginning of June and July, pathways
in woods ; I have found it in Coomb-wood.

The caterpillar feeds on the Oak and Birch, and according
to M. Duponchel, they live through the winter and become
pupae in March or April.

5. P. tarsicrinalis Hid), tab. l.f. 5.^.

End of June, open parts in woods : the caterpillar feeds on
the Trifolium Impanicum,

6. P. nemoralis Fa^*.— grisealis Hub. t.l.f. 4. $ .—Goda.pl. 1.

End of June open parts of Darent and other woods :— the
caterpillar feeds on the Chrysospleniiim alternifolium \ it will
also eat the nettle and sorrel.

The plant figured is Epipactis palustris (Marsh Epipactis),
and was found in flower where the Moth figured was taken.

C^. <^ C/: ^,^^«.- / /S^P

288.

HYPENA CRASSALIS.

The beautiful Snout.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae Curt. Pyralites JLat.

Type of the Genus, Pyralis proboscidalis Linn.

Hypena Schr., Treit. — Herminia Lat., Leach, Sam. — Cramhus Fab.,
Haw. — Pyralis Linn., Hub.

Antennae setaceous, alike in both sexes, inserted on the crown
of the head close to the eyes (7*1), composed of numerous sub-
turbinate joints, clothed with scales above, pilose beneath (1).
Labrum small and triangular.
Mandibles distinct, internally very pilose.

MaxillcB spiral, as long as the antennae and very slender, a con-
siderable portion of the extremity furnished with glands (3).
Labial Palpi porrected obliquely, much longer than the head,
compressed, very thickly clothed with scales (4), triarticulate,
basal joint short curved, 2nd very long, thickest at the base, ex-
cept at the union, 3rd joint recurved, perpendicular, longer than
the 1st, very slender and pointed (4 a).
Head sometimes vnth a conical tuft of scales projecting horizontally.
Eyes large globose. Thorax 7iot large. Abdomen rather slender,
conical in the females. Wings ample, forming a triangle when at
rest, superior subtrigonate, acute, the anterior margin nearly straight.
Legs rather long. Coxae ; anterior very long. Thighs very slender.
Tibiae ; anterior short, producing an internal spine, the others spurred,
the posterior having two pair of spurs. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint
the longest, but shorter than the tibice, 5 th the shortest. Claws and
Pulvilli minute (8, afore leg).
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 6 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Cbassalis Fab. Ent. Syst. 3 pars 2. p. 222. n. 349.

Dirty white. Head palpi and thorax brownish, the latter with
the tips of the scales darker. Superior wings with a large sub-
trigonate deep brown spot margined with white reaching from
the base beyond the middle, but not to the interior margin which
is slightly carneous, upon it are two black dots ; towards the
posterior margin is a curved row of 8 black dots edged externally
with white j the apex is fuscous with an oblique brown stripe j
the margin and cilia are spotted. Abdomen and inferior wings
fuscous cinereous.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

LiNN^us's division Pyralis contains insects varying so much
in structure that it is undoubtedly necessary to divide it; and
as it is a term which has been appHed to various groups, it
will be better to take the first species of Linnaeus as the type,
which will include the Herminiae of Latreille with feathered
feet and pectinated antennae.

If structure be of any importance in the formation of groups,
it will also be found necessary to divide what are termed by
Latreille Pyralites, into two or more families, as some have
the maxillary palpi very distinct, whilst in others they are in-
visible; some have a very long spiral tongue, and others none.

In adopting Dr. Leach's arrangement, the term Pi/ralidce
has been applied in former parts of this work to unite genera,
which might perhaps with more propriety have been called
CramhidcE. I am therefore obliged to distinguish the present
family by terming it Pyralidcs Curt.

The genus Hypena contains,

1. proboscidalis L. — Hub. pi. I.f. 7. — Ha^w. — Sepp. v. 2. pi. 2.

— ensalis Fab. — e. June and August to m. October
amongst nettles.

2. crassalis F. — Cuii. Brit. Ent.pl. 288. — Achatalis Hub. pi. 2,

f. 12. ^ pi. '2.1. f. 172 var. ? If the palpi in this figure
be correctly given, it belongs to another genus. Mr.
Plastead first discovered this beautiful insect in shady
groves at Westerham in Kent the beginning of June ;
and I have been informed that specimens were taken
last year in an old mine near Ashburton, Devon, in
August. The caterpillars feed upon nettles and Erica
vulgaris (pi. 145).

3. palpalis F.—Hiib. pi. 2./. 9.— Haw. 366. 2. — In the late

Mr. Francillon's Cabinet.

4. obesalis Treit. — crassalis Hub. pi. 2.f. 8. — Haw. — In Mr.

Haworth's Cabinet.

5. rostralis L. — Hub. 2.f. 10. — Haw. 366. 4. — End of June,

the caterpillar feeds on the hop, nettle, &c.

6. vittahs Haw. 367. 5.— radiatalis? Hub. pil. 20. f. 134. This

insect is so badly represented, that it is uncertain
whether it be intended for Mr. Haworth's species.
Mr. Haworth remarks, " The last 5 species are all uncom-
mon in England. By the woi'ks of HUbner they appear like-
wise to inhabit the continent of Europe, except vittatiis ; and
what is more remarkable, I have seen them all from North
America." Not one, excepting the 1st, has hitherto been
figured in this country.

The plant is Urtica dioica (Common Nettle).

i-yju^: ^ c/.- t^^^cJ^.

503.
ASOPIA PICTALIS.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidue.

Type of the Genus, Pyralis farinalis Linn.

AsoPiA Treit., Goda., Curt. — Agrotera -Sc/h-. — Botys Lat. — Crambus
Fab., Haio. — Pyralis Linn., Hub. — Phalsena Fab.
Antennce inserted close to the eyes, on the crown of the head,
rather long, setaceous, and clothed with long pubescence be-
neath in the male (1).

Maxilla spiral, considerably shorter than the antennee, very
much attenuated and clothed with scales at the base (3). Palpi
very slender, porrected, triarticulate, basal joint pear-shaped,
2nd subreniform, 3rd small subovate, producing long scales
forming a pencil at the apex (7 « & 3 a).

Labial palpi curved upward, slightly divaricating, very scaly,
the apical joint less so, triarticulate, basal joint short, 2nd twice
as long, 3rd minute ovate (4 & 4 «) .
Head small and globose : eyes lateral and prominent. Tliorax clothed
with depressed scales rather long on the sides. Abdomen rather
stout, somewhat conical and alike in both sexes. Wings forming an
elongate triangle in repose, the superior not always entirely covering
the inferior, the former rather narrow and not pointed, the latter
rounded. Coxae, anterior large. Tibia?, anterior very short, with
an internal spine, intermediate with a pair of spurs at the apex one
very long ; posterior long and rather stout, spurred also at the apex
and having a pair likewise near the middle (8 f).
Larvae unknown.

PicTALis Curt. Guide, Gen. 982.

Dull ochreous, eyes black, abdomen brown, edges of segments
pale : superior wings lead colour, darkest at the base, w'ith an
ochreous spot on each side the thorax, a broad castaneous white
fascia across the middle, the margins slightly waved and edged
with white, a dark dot towards the centre and several on the
costa, which is pale castaneous to the apex ; cilia dirty ochre,
blackish at the apex, and a line of dark spots at the base ; in-
ferior wings whitish, with a narrow somewhat reddish ochre
fascia across the middle, the edges white and very much sinuated,
the base lead colour, as well as a narrow space next to the
fascia, the apex fuscous, with 3 blackish spots at the anal angle,
one of them upon the cilia, which is dirty ochreous.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Robertson.

AsopiA may be distinguished from Aglossa (pi. 455), which it
most resembles, by its long spiral maxillas; and the antennae
are not pectinated, but merely pubescent in the males ; and
this sex when at rest has the tail very much curved.

The following species have been detected in Britain, but
not one of them has been figured in the works of tliis country
that 1 am aware of.

1. A. flammealis Hub. Pyr. pi. 15. f. 99.— Go(Ia. v. 8.

pi. 223. 7.

This insect has more pointed wings than the following, and
tlie anterior coxae are very slender and remarkably long ; the
scales also on each side of the thorax are very much elongated.

M. Duponchel says it flies in society about flowers after
sunset. It is not uncommon the end of June in the broom
fields at Coombe and Darent Woods : 12 and 28 July, Tor-
quay and Valley of Rocks, Mr. Dale : Teignmouth, Captain
Blomer : beginning of August, amongst grass and heath, near
Blackgang-chine, J. C.

2. A. glaucinalis Li/in. — Goda. 223. 2.— nitidalis Hiib. 1 5. 98.

In houses, gardens and hedges, July and beginning of
August, in the neighbourhood of London.

3. A. costalis i^aZ*.— fimbrialis Hub. 15. 97.— Goda. 223. 5.

B. July, hedges Dartford and Coombe-wood, Mr.
Dale. August 22, Hampton Wick, Middlesex, and on
garden walls in the New Road, J. C.

4. A. marginatus Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 374. 23. — rubidalis

Hiib.'i 15. 96.

"(The scarce Meal Moth,) wings brownish, with 2 fuscous

bands margined with white, the first at the base, the posterior

one marginal." — Hax'o. In the cabinets of Mr. Swainson and

Mr. Raddon, who, I believe, took it near Barnstaple, Devon.

6. A. pictalis Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 503.

For the loan of this unique insect I am indebted to G.
Robertson, Esq., who found it on the side of a house in Poplar
near London in July. It considerably resembles the following
species, but it is much smaller, the upper wings are narrower
as well as the band, and the base of all the wings is lead
colour.

5. farinalis Lirin. — Hilb. 15- 95. — Goda.pl. 223. 1.
Found in houses in July and August ; frequent also in sta-
bles, on walls and the trunks of trees in gardens, and on paling
in the Regent's Park, beginning of September, J. C.

The Plant is Papaver hybridum (Round rough-headed
Poppy), communicated by Dr. Jermyn of Swaff'ham Prior,
Cambridge.

4SS

455.

AGLOSSA STREATFIELDII.

The Mendip Tabby Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidse.

Type of the Genus, Pyralis pinguinalis Linn.

Aglossa Lat., Curt., Goda. — Crambus Fab., Haw. — Pyralis Linn.,
Hub., Och.

Antemice inserted on the crown of the head, close to the eyes,
rather long and setaceous, clothed with scales above, pectinated
in the male (1), each joint producing 4 short hairy rays, decreas-
ing in length to the ajiex where the joints are only jDubescent :
simjile in the female and pubescent beneath (1 $).
Mfl.rz7/« very small membranous, attenuated, curved, slightly pu-
bescent at the base, with a few short scattered hairs (3) ; Palpi
larger, porrected a little obliquely, clothed with scales and triar-
ticulate, basal joint somewhat pear-shaped, 2nd oblong, 3rd the
stoutest, subovate (3 a).

Labial Palpi projecting considerably beyond the head, nearly
horizontal, the apex raised, clothed with short scales above and
long beneath (4 a), triarticulate, 1st and 3rd joints of equal length,
the latter slender, 2nd long and subfusiform (4 a).
Head rather small, with depressed scales : thorax not large, clothed with
long hairy scales : abdomen linear in the male, tufted at the apex in
both sexes, conical in the female and furnished with a retractile tube
at the apex. Wings entire and obtuse, forming a triangle ivhen at rest.
Thighs, anterior short. Tibiae, anterior very short, tcith a strong in-
ternal spine ; middle pair spurred at the apex, as loell as the posterior,
which are long and have a pair of spurs at the middle : tarsi o -jointed,
basal joint long : claws minute.
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.
Pupa inclosed in a silky cocoon covered with surrounding fragments. Dup ,

Streatfieldii Curt. MSS. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 983, 2\
Male, Lurid ochre, speckled with fuscous and rather glossy : antennae
ciliated beneath : palpi with a dusky spot on the inside of the
3rd joint at the base : eyes blackish : superior wings with an
angulated brown bar at the base, a dot on the disc towards the
costa, a fimbria of the same colour at the posterior margin, having
the internal edge sinuated, with a row of black dots at the base
of the cilia, where there is an ochreous line extending along the
margin, nervures pale : inferior wings rather palest at the base.

In the Autho7-'s Cabinet.

It is due to M. Duponchel to observe, that in his characters
of this genus, he says " Proboscis none or only rudimentary"
for with this exception the existence of maxillae has been uni-
versally denied by authors in the genus Aglossa, a name that
unfortunately implies the absence of a proboscis or tongue, for
it will be seen by referring to onvjlg. 3. that there are maxillae
although very small and imperfect.

The following species have been found in Britain :

1. A. dimidiata Haw. Lep. Brit. 372. 19.

Beginning of August in the warehouses of the East India
Company in London, and the larvae are stated to^feed on the
tea in the chests ; — of course it is not a native insect.

2. A. cuprealis Hiib, tab. 23./ 153. ? .~Goda.pl. 213./5. ? .

— capreolatus Haiv.
End of July and August in houses, Wimborne Dorset and
Hampton Wick Middlesex, Mr. Dale. Snaresbrook Essex,
Mr. Davis. Stables Coombe-wood, J. C.

2". A. Streatfieldii Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 455.

This remarkably distinct species was taken at Compton
Bishop at the foot of the Mendip Hills Somerset, by the Rev.
John Streatfield of Christ's College Cambridge, who most
liberally presented it to me for the illustration of the genus
Aglossa.

3. A. pinguinalis Linn. — Hub. tab. ^.f. 1^.$. — Goda.pl. 213.

/ 6. ? . — pinguiculatus Havo. var.

Middle of July, under stones, sides of Cliff Dover, J. C. ;
end of July to middle of August, houses, stables and offices.

The larva of this moth unlike most others feeds upon animal
substances, such as butter and bacon, and is stated by Linngeus
to inhabit even the human stomach, where it is one of the most
dangerous of worms, possibly from its capability of perforating
the intestines ; — he adds that it may be expelled by an infusion
of the Lic/ien cumatilis. Although it is many years since Lin-
naeus made this remark, no one has either confirmed or con-
tradicted it ; we go on copying the statement, and know perhaps
less on the subject than he did at that time: this surely must
arise from the ignorance or negligence of those who have op-
portunities of observing the various living animals that inhabit
the human body.

The Plant is Vicia sylvatica (Wood Vetch), from the Isle
of Wight, communicated by James Vine, Esq.

SS7

.. '^i^,A.<J.f..iA:, /^.-, y

y j-/^/3^

587.
GALLERIA MELLONELLA.

The Honey-comb Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Crambidae.

Tyjie of the Genus, Tinea mellonella Linn.
Galleria Fab., Haio., Och., Curt. — Tinea Linn., Hub.

Antenna: shortest in the males, setaceous, pubescent beneath,
basal joint a little elongated, clavate and margined with scales
beneath (1).

Maxilla very short, membranous, curved and obtuse, basal half
densely clothed with scales (3) ; rather longer in the female.
Palpi entirely concealed in the male, short and triarticulate, two
first joints small, 3rd large, obcordate, and clothed with long
tufted scales (3 a) ; rather more pear-shaped in the female, in
which sex they are not quite concealed (7 ? ft).
Labial palpi short, rigid, ascending and very much curved in the
male (7 J", 4), and bowed externally when viewed in front (7) ;
triarticulate, basal joint short and robust in the male (4 ft (J),
2nd longer, stout and a little attenuated, 3rd the longest, slen-
derer and terminated by 2 closely united claws ; longer, droop-
ing and incurved in the female (7 $ , 4), approximating at the
base and scarcely divaricating, stout and densely clothed vnth
scales, basal joint rather stout, 2nd inflated, longer and ovate,
3rd as long as the 1st, somewhat elongate-conic (4 a).
Head conical in the male (7 J*), more obtuse in the female, with a dense
brush of hairs hanging over the forehead (7 $ ) .- eyes prominent and
ovate. Thorax robust, scutellum crested at the apex : Abdomen
conical, terminated by a little tuft in the male, and a slender ovipositor
in the female. Wings somewhat convoluted in repose, being de-
pressed on the back, and compressed at the extremity, rather short
and broad in the male, the anterior truncated and emarginate, form-
ing a lobe towards the posterior angle ; longer, narroiver and much
less emarginate in the female ; cilia short. Legs stout ; tibife, an-
terior short with a small internal spine, the others broad at the apex,
with a pair of spurs, the hinder with a pair also a little below the
middle : tarsi 5-jointed, the basal joint rather stout and elongated in
the 4 posterior.
Larvae nearly naked, with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ;
forming galleries amongst the comb in Beehives, in which they live.

Mellonella Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 984. 2,

Male subochreous ; a long spot on the thorax and tips of the
scales round the apex dark brown : superior wings livid, with an
interrupted line of tubercles along the middle, grey above, an
elongated brown spot on the costa ; inferior margin ochreous,
variegated with castaneous, an incurved line of black dots and
streaks beyond the middle, terminating in 2 large ones on the
inner margin ; inferior wings fuscous palest at the base. Female
with the thorax and superior wings purplish brown with less grey
along the middle, and all the mai'kings less distinct ; inferior
wings ochreous white ; cilia fuscous.

The genus Galleria was established by Fabricius to charac-
terize the Moths livino- in beehives. In the habits and striic-

ture of the trophi G. mellonella is so very similar to Ilithya Lat.
that it seems scarcely necessary to separate them, but G. alve-
aria is so very different, that Hubner associates it with the Li-
thosiae, and has called it

Gen. 983''. Achroia.

1. alvearia Fab. — grisella ivzi. — cinereola J/?Vi. Bomh. 23. 91.
Pale cinereous, superior wings fuscous : labial palpi short

and subhorizontal in both sexes : head clothed with ochreous
depressed scales ; wings elliptical, apex ovate : expanse, S 8
and $ 9 lines.

This species runs very quick : Mr. Haworth used to find it
in the neighbourhood of London in June. The larva feeds
on the honey in beehives ; and I suspect the figures 7, 8, 9,
pi. 19. of Reaumur, are intended to represent this and not the
following insect.

Gen. 984;. Galleria Fab.

2. Mellonella Zmw. — Curt. B.E.pl.587. S • ? • — cereanaLinn.
Wherever there are beehives these insects are occasionally

found, and sometimes in such abundance as to destroy the
entire contents, compelling the bees to seek another habitation.
Linnaeus states that it was not introduced into Sweden until
1760, when it was imported with beehives from Germany, and
as he Jirst described it under the name of Mellojiella I have
used it in preference.

The larva shown feeding on the comb is copied from HUb-
ner. The moths appear from the end of June to August, and
last summer they were in such prodigious quantities, that Mr.
Doubleday of Epping bred about 300 specimens, a pair of
which were presented to me by Mr. F. Walker.

Since the genus Melia was published in Feb. 1828 (a year
and a half before Mr. Stephens's Catalogue appeared, which
makes it impossible for me to have followed him as he states in
his Illustrations), we have learned from Ochsenheimer's 9th
vol. that T. colonella and sociella, Linn., are the sexes ; this will
render the following alterations necessary in the Guide and
fol. 201 of this work.

Gen. 985. Ilithya Lat.

A. Labial palpi with the terminal joint the longest in the males;

superior wings obtuse.

1. colonella Linn. ? . — sociella Fab. — tribunella Hiib. ^ .

2. anella Fab. — bipunctana Ent. Trans. — sociella Hiib.

Gen. 986. Meliana Guide.

B. Labial palpi with the 2nd joint the longest.

* Superior wings lanceolate, somewhat acute.

1. flammea Curt. Brit. Ent. v. 3. pi. 201.

** Superior wings obtuse.

2. sericea Curt. Brit. Etit. v. 3. fol. 20P.

The Plant is Stellaria uliginosa (Bog Stitchwort).

Wi

dfU.^<fi.u^<^./ /St8

201.
MELIA FLAMMEA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae Leach. Crambites Lat.

Type of the Genus Tinea sociella Fab.
Melia iVoft.— Lithosia Fnb., Haw. — Tinea Linn., Fab., Hub.

Antennce alike in both sexes, inserted close to the eyes, on each
side the crown of the head, not very long, setaceous, covered
with scales above, pubescent beneath, basal joint very robust
(fig. 1 a).

MaxillcE rather longer than the head, a considerable portion co-
vered with scales externally (3), Palpi arising from a scape at
the base of the maxillae, concealed by scales, triarticulate basal
joint small globose, 2nd large, 3rd very large, subovate-conic,
producing very long scales (3 a).

Labial Palpi curved upward, thickly clothed with scales (4), tri-
articulate, basal joint robust, 2nd scarcely so thick, cylindric,
truncated obliquely, 3rd the longest, spoon-shaped, hollow, co-
riaceous at one edge, submembranous and ciliated at the other
(4 a), and terminated by a bifid claw or tooth (4 b).
Head short. Eyes not very large. Abdomen obtuse in the males, acu-
minated in the females. Wings convoluted when at rest : superior
rather long and narrow, inferior ample. Legs, anterior the shortest.
Tibiae, anterior with a short flat spine on the internal side, the others
with spurs at their apex, the hinder pair having 2 towards the middle.
Tarsi 5 -jointed. Claws and Pulvilli small (8 afore leg).
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ?

Flammea 'Nob.

Fuscous, with a pale reddish tinge. Superior wings with a brown
flame-like space along the centre, (narrowed at the base,) above
which is a short narrow ochraceous stripe, 5 or 6 minute brown
spots forming a curved line near the posterior margin, upon which
there are 7 minute black spots, alternating with the nervures,
which are pale inclining to white towards the costa, the internal
margin sprinkled with dark spots 5 inferior wings rather paler,
their cilia whitish.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Dale.

As the following insects have their maxillary palpi developed,
although they are concealed by the scales of the forehead,

Fabricius and those writers who have followed him in uniting
M, socia with Lithosia, have been misled by analogy : the
singular terminal joint of the labial palpi of that insect would
have induced us to make a separate genus of it, had we not
the strongest aversion to multiply names except where it is un-
avoidable ; we have therefore made it the type of a genus which
will connect Galleria with Chilo, a group separated from
Crambus ; for it appears that M. socia is nearly related to
both, and M. jiammea is a Chilo in habit, but it wants their
elongated palpi.

The antennae and legs of the following species agree per-
fectly, but other differences render it advisable to form them
into three divisions.

A. Labial palpi with the terminal joint the longest. The
superior wings obtuse.

1. M. socia Tab. — Ha'w. — sociella Fah. — Tribunella Hilh.
Middle of July in and near gardens round London, in

Norfolk, Yorkshire, Perthshire, &c.

2. M. bipunctana Ha*w. MSS. — sociella Hub. TinicJB, pi. 4.

/24.
Taken by Mr. Hatchett at the Jews' Burying Ground,
Stepney. It is necessary to observe that I have not had an
opportunity of examining this species.

B. Labial palpi with the second joint the longest.
* Superior wings obtuse.

3. M. sericea Nob. This insect has a silky appearance. The

thorax and superior wings are dull ochreous with a
carneous tinge, minutely freckled with fuscous, and
a row of dots at the posterior margin of the same
colour; the body is paler, and the inferior wings
almost white ; it is not so large as M. jiammea. I
once took a specimen in a garden in Suffolk, flying
late at night, die end of June ; and Mr. Dale took a
moth the 29th of June at Whittlesea Mere, which
I think is the same species.
** Superior wings lanceolate, somewhat acute.

4. M. flammea Nob.

The only specimen I have seen of this insect, was purchased
of a collector by Mr. Dale. It is understood to have been
taken at Lewisham near London.

The plant is Sisymbrium Nasturtium (Water Cress).

«

(32^^ Lf.S.uA^(f^^</^9

727.

CHILO LANCEOLELLUS.

The lance-winged Veneer.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Crambidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea consortella HiXb.
Chilo Zinck., Och., Goda., Cwrif.— Schoenobius Dupon. — Topentis
Hub. — Lithosia Fab. — Palparia Haw. — Tinea Hub., Fab.
Antenna inserted on the crown of the head, near the eyes,
rather short, setaceous, scaly above, pubescent beneath, each
joint producing longish hairs at the apex (1), shorter and simple
in the female.

MaxillcE very much shorter than the labial palpi, slightly spiral
(3). Palpi as long, porrected obliquely, densely clothed with
scales (7 a), 4-jointed (3 a), basal joint obovate, 2nd globose,
3rd stouter and obovate, 4th twice as large, stout and oval.
Labial palpi very scaly, as long as the head and thorax, por-
rected horizontally like a beak, the apex slightly drooping (4).
triarticulate, basal joint short, 2nd very long, slightly fusi£orm,
slenderest at the base, 3rd slender short and elliptical {a) .
Head small, transverse-ovate: eyes large, globose (7, the profile).
Thorax small and oval. Abdomen long and slender with a small
tuft at the apex in the male ; very much thickened towards the apex
in the female, and either rounded or pointed, with a dense bundle of
hairs. Wings generally broader in the males and truncated ob-
liquely ; narrow, lanceolate and slightly falcated in the females :
inferior ample and folded, most ovate and pointed in the female :
cilia moderate. Legs slender, hinder very long : coxse, anterior
long : thighs tolerably equal : tibiae, anterior very short, with n
short internal spine, intej-mediate with a pair of spurs at the apex :
hinder very long, spurred at the apex, with a longer but unequal pair
also at the middle : tarsi very long and 5-joinied, basal joint very
long, terminal the shortest : claws very minute (8 f, hind leg).
" Larvae naked, head and thorax horny and polished, with 6 pectoral, 8
abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae inclosed in a cocoon, in reeds, SiC."

Lanceolella Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 988. 4"^.

Female ochreous : superior wings long, lanceolate and pointed,
orange-ochre with an undefined dash of brown nearly parallel
to the costa, and a curved one arising at the apex and divari-
cating from the posterior margin, with a brown dot near the
termination on the disc : inferior wings straw-coloured white,
deepest at the apex : abdomen yellowish buff.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The form of the palpi will distinguish this group from
Harpypterix, pi. 535, to which it is closely allied. The larvae
live in the stems of reeds and grasses, feeding upon the pith ;
and a species discovered by the late Mr. L. Guilding, which
he named Diatrea Saccharic is injurious to the Sugar-cane.
The ingenious way in which the Caterpillar transports itself
from one stalk to another, when it finds nothing more to eat

in the first it inhabited, is so curious, that I shall copy
Treitschke's remarks. " Surrounded by water as the larva
is that cannot be very easy ; it overcomes the difficulty hove-
ever, in the following manner : it cuts a piece of the stalk
which incloses it, the length of its body ; this piece of stalk
then becomes a portable case for it, in which it crosses the
water without wetting itself, for it has taken the precaution to
close both ends. When arrived near a stalk which suits, it
thrusts the fore part of the body out of its case, climbs up
against the stalk, dragging the case after it, and attaches it
there to the same place that it has chosen to introduce itself
into the stalk ; so that it is secure from all danger during the
period of its passage from one reed to anotiier."
The following are recorded as British species:

1. forficellus Thunb., Wood, ;?/. 48,/ 1523.— hirtai/aio. S •—
consortella Hllb. pi. 32./ 220 S-

June and July flying amongst sedges and Iris Pseudacorus,
sides of canal at Paddington and banks of the Thames ; sides
of ponds Kensington Gardens ; Epping Forest; Norfolk ; and
Whittlesea Mere. Caterpillar feeds in stalks of Poa aquatica.

2. lanceolellus Hub. pi. ^3.f. 296 ? .—Curt. B. E. pi. 727 ? .
Never having taken this insect, although I have met with

multitudes of C. forficellus, I agreed with Hiibner in consider-
ing them as distinct species, but they are stated positively to
be the sexes by M. Moritz.

3. fumeus //aTO. — Wood, Jig. 1 524^ ^.

June, Norfolk, amongst reeds, Mr. Skrimshire; Whittlesea
Mere and near London.

4. punctigerellus Step. — Wood, Jig. 1525 S- Very similar to
the male of C. gigantellus.

" Taken near \Vhittlesea Mere in July." Wood.

5. gigantellus Hiib. 8. 53 ? .—Goda. pi. 267. f.'l $ ^ -con-
voluta Fab. — Wood^sjig. 1527 is not this species, it is more
like C. Phragmitellus.

June on Hackney Marshes, Mr. Hatchett ; July, Whittle-
sea Mere, Mr. Dale. The Caterpillar lives in the young stalks
ot'Arundo Phragmites from the end of May to the end of Aug.

6. caudellus Li7in. — acuminelja Hilh. 41. 284 ?. — mucro-
nellus Goda. pl.2S3.f. 1 c? ? • Wood's Jg. 1528 is not
Hiibner's insect, but probably a wasted variety of No. 1.
June, woods near Dartford and Erith, Kent, amongst Iris

Pseudacorus.

7. Phragmitellus Hub. 43. 297 S- 298 ? .— rhombea Haw. —
1 have never seen a specimen so light as Wood'sjig. 1 526, and
there ought to be a dark dot on the disc of each upper wing.
June and July amongst reeds, on which the larvae feed,

Whitdesea Mere^nd Norfolk, Dr. Skrimshire.

I am indebted to J. G. Children, Esq. and VV. W. Saunders,
Esq. for the Star-headed Thrumwort, Adinocarpus Dama-
suniuiii.

JJS

&^^.cJ^..J.,.%^. /./6'SS

y

535.

HARPIPTERIX SCABRELLA.

The wainscot Hooktip.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Crambidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea nemorella Linn.

Harpipterix Hub., Och. — Plutella Schr., Curt. — Hypsolopha Hub.,
Och. — Alucita and Ypsolophus Fab., Haw. — Palparia Haw. —
Tinea Linn.

AntenncB porrected in repose, shorter than the wings, setaceous,
clothed with scales above, pilose, composed of numerous joints,
basal one long, robust and scaly above, 2nd and 3rd somewhat
cup-shaped, the remainder increasing in length to the apical
joint, which is short and subconic (1, portions of the base and
apex).

MaxillcB spiral longer than the labial palpi, but very much shorter
than the antennae (3). Palpi minute (7 a) and generally con-
cealed, biarticulate, basal joint globose and pilose, 2nd longer
and subovate (3 «).

Labial palpi recurved, but appearing to be horizontal (4), very
scaly, the scales produced horizontally very far beyond the apex
of the 2nd joint beneath, the terminal one being naked and
rising apparently from the centre of the palpus ; triarticulate,
basal joint not short, but stout and recurved, 2nd longer and
stouter, ventricose, 3rd the shortest, elongate-ovate (4 a).
Head small, the crown thickly clothed with scales forming 2 elevated
longitudinal lines : eyes lateral, prominent and globose. Thorax
rather small, clothed ivith depressed scales. Abdomen rather short,
a little tufted in the males, conical in the females. Wings deflexed
in repose, superior long and linear, the cost a arched, the tip hooked:
inferior subovate. Legs, anterior the shortest, posterior the longest:
tibiae, anterior ivith an internal spine, the others terminated by long
spurs, the hinder having a pair at the middle: tarsi 5 -jointed, basal
joint long, terminal one small : claws and pulvilli minute.
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Hiib.
Pupae inclosed in a long fusiform silky cocoon.

ScABRELLA Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 989. 2. — pterodactylella Hiib.,
Tin. tab. 15. fig. 102.

White, sides and tips of palpi tawny ; lateral scales of thorax
brownish ; costal half of anterior wings pale brownish flesh-
colour, with longitudinal rays of white, a black dot at the centre
and 4 others in a line towards the apex ; interior half of wings
dull castaneous-purple, with a few pale stripes and others fer-
ruginous and blackish, there are also 3 large tufts of scales
forming an oblique line directed towards the apex, and a few
smaller ones, the apex very much hooked, from the cilia which
are ferruginous, being elongated and rounded at the posterior
angle : inferior wings pale fuscous, becoming whitish at the
base.

Obs. This species varies considerably ; in the specimen figured
the dark portion of the superior wings forms an indented line.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.

By Treitschke's 9th Vol. I leavn that the type of Schrank's
genus PluteUa is Tinea Xylostella Linn. I have therefore
adopted Hiibner's name of Harpipterix (Scythe-winged).

Harpipterix approaches so near to Chilo that it is difficult
to determine to which, one of the species belongs ; in the Guide
I included it in the latter group, but on comparing the palpi
I think it may be admitted into the former genus, which con-
tains the following British species.

6. H. cxAireWo. Hub. Tin. 16. 109. ? .— Acinacidellus Hiih.S'^.
237.

End of June marshy places ; in a field at Kimpton, Rev.
G. T. Rudd, and Mr. Dale took one at Blandford that came
to a lighted candle the 8th of November. The Caterpillar
feeds on Euojii/mns europceus (pi. 194).

1. H. nemorella JLinn. — hamella Huh, 41. 282.

June and July marshy places ; August woods. — The Ca-
terpillar feeds on Lonicera Caprifolium (pi. ]24).

2. H. scabrella Linn. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 535 $ .

The Caterpillar feeds on the common Plum-tree, and the
Moth appears in July.

3. H. as])erella LiJin. — Hub. 15. JOl.— falcatella Don. 10.

pi. 355. 5.
This beautiful little Moth has been taken by Mr. Dale and
myself amongst the lichen on Apple-trees in his Orchard at
Glanville's Wootton, the 8th of September and the 1st and
17th of October.

4. H. harpella TV. V.—Hiib. 16. 110.— dentella Fab.
Middle of July, hedges and gardens on the Honeysuckle,

on which the Caterpillar feeds.

5. H. subfalcatella Blunt's MSS. ?

Length 3, breadth 10 lines: purplish-brown: superior

wings with an ochreous or coppery tinge, mottled with a

darker colour, 5 or 6 black dots on the costa beyond the

middle, interior margin obscurely coloured with purplish

grey, bounded by an indented line, on which are 2 or 3

dark tufts of scales : abdomen and inferior wings satiny

white, the apex of the former and margin of the latter

fuscous.

This species has been taken in the New Forest, and as it is

not the T.falcella of Hiibner, which it was at first stated to be,

I have added the above characters to identify it.

The Plant is Pyrus torminalis (Wild Service tree), commu-
nicated by E. T. Bennett, Esq.

s^g

c>:i^^.■^c/■^S^.

559.

NASCIA CILIALIS.

The Cambridge Veneer.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Crambidae.

Type of the Genus, Pyralis cilialis Hiib.
Nascia Curt. — Crambus Curt. — Margaritia Step. — Pyralis Hub.

Antennae placed rather behind the crown of the head, shorter
than the body, slender, filiform, clothed with scales above, pu-
bescent beneath, with a few bristles at remote distances (1).
Maxilla spiral, longer than the palpi and clothed with scales
outside at the base (3). Pa/pz distinct, porrected obliquely and
clothed with scales, forming a truncated and thickened apex (7 a).
Labial palpi long, slightly drooping (7, 4), projecting far beyond
the head and meeting like a beak (7* 4), stout and attenuated,
densely clothed with scales, triarticulate ?
Head small, subglobose, clothed with slender scales on the crown, fall-
ing down between the antennae : eyes small lateral and prominent :
ocelli minute (7 the head in profile, 7* upper side of same). Thorax
clothed with depressed hairs. Abdomen rather short and slender.
Wings, superior suhtrapezate, the apex acute and appearing slightly
hooked ; inferior, triangular rounded ; cilia short. Anterior coxas
long and stout (8 c) ; thighs rather long and stout ; tibiae short, with
a long internal spine {I) ; tarsi long and 5 -jointed, basal joint the
longest, apical the shortest : claws and pulvilli m,inute : the other
legs are wanting in my specimen.
Caterpillar, &c. unknown.

Cilialis Hiib. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 990. 1.

Pale orange ; head pale ochreous, margins of eyes and under-
side of antennae white, superior wings with the costa and all the
nervures bright ferruginous, the former with a grayish bloom,
the edge white ; cilia whitish with a brown line at the base ;
inferior wings ochreous, yellowish white at the base; cilia
whitish.

In the Author's Cabinet.

When the genus Scopula was illustrated I corrected nume-
rous errors committed in that group by Mr. Stephens in his
Syst. Cat. ; nine of his specific names were synonymous, two
of his species had no claim to be admitted into our British
lists, and five others belonging to this were placed in other
generaf . I am glad to find that he has adopted all these cor-

t Vide foHo 312, where P. nebulaUs Hiib. is given as the type, but it
ouoht to have been P. nebulalis of Haivorth.

rections in his Illustrations ; and that he has not noticed the
source from whence he derived his information is of little con-
sequence.

The insect before us he has retained in his genus Margaritia,
which Hlibner has divided into no less than 16 genera, to
which Mr. Stephens has added another. I only notice this
to show the absolute folly of adopting such arrangements
founded merely on markings of the wings, &c. I admit that
where these indicate a difference of structure either in the an-
tennae, legs, or trophi, they may be kept in view, and prove
useful, but unsupported by such characters they are puerile
distinctions, and will never, it is to be hoped, be admitted to
overload science with useless names, by those who write to
elucidate the study of natural history.

The only specimen I have seen of N. ciUalis came into my
possession when I purchased the valuable collections of the
late Mr. Edward Blunt. It was taken many years since, in the
month of June, in the neighbourhood of Cambridge, by his
brother, the Rev. W. Blunt.

From a careful examination of this insect, it proves to be so
different to any of the genera before illustrated in this work,
and others of which I have any knowledge, that it ought not to
be included in any of them, for whilst its general habit is sin-
gularly intermediate between Scopula and Crambus, the short-
ness of its maxillae at once distinguishes it from both those
genera.

The Plant is Iris Pseudacorus (Water Flag).

ioq

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109.

CRAMBUS RADIELLUS.

The Rayed Veneer.

Order Lepidoptera. FAM.VyraVidas Leach. CrambitesZ/a^.

Type of the Genus Phalasna Pascuella Linn.

Crambus Fab., Lot., Leach. Palparia Haw. Phalsena (Tinea) Linn.,
Fab. Tinea Hub.

AntenncE alike in both sexes, inserted between the eyes near the
back of the head, setaceous, composed of numerous elongated
joints, covered with scales above, ciliated beneath 3 basal joint
robust (f. 1 a, a few joints magnified).

Maxilla long, slender, hairy towards the base (3, 3). Palpi ex-
serted, tufted with scales (7 a) ; 4-jointed ? 2 first joints minute,
3rd longer obovate,, 4th equal in length to the others, elongate-
ovate (3 a).

Labial palpi porrected like a beak, very long and slender, covered
with short scales (4), 3-jointed, basal joint short robust, 2nd very
long attenuated, 3rd long attenuated (4 a).
Head covered with short close scales, rather gibbose before. Wings
convoluted when at rest : superior narrow, truncated a little obliquely
at the extremity ; inferior ample. Legs rather long, anterior pair
with the tibia much shorter than the thigh, with a small internal
spine. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint as long as the tibice in the anterior
pair (8, afore leg). Tibice of the 2nd pair with spurs at tJte apex;
of posterior with spurs also above the apex. Claws slender, minute.
Pul villi small.
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet ?
Obs. The dissections are taken from Tinea paleella Hub.

Radiellus Nobis. — radiella Hub., Schmet.

Glossy, dull ferruginous ochre. Antennae gray. Maxillary palpi
internally whitish. Labial palpi fuscous at the apex. Thorax
ferruginous, whitish at the base of the superior wings. Abdomen
cinereous, inclining to violet at the base. Superior wings darkest
towards the base with a silvery white line in the centre, dilated
towards the apex, extending nearly to the posterior margin, where
it is truncated obliquely ; radiated more or less on the internal
edge, in some only angulated. Inferior wings very pale yellow,
speckled with brown, rosy at the base and internal margin ; cilia
whitish, tinged with ochre at the base, in the superior wings.
Legs gray. Tarsi fuscous. Beneath pale yellowish gray. Ab-
domen fuscous. Superior wings with 2 fuscous broad rays from
the base, not touching the costa.

Li the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Aulhor.

Thus genus belongs to a family distinguished by having 2 di-
stinct pair of palpi, and which we have not before touched
upon. Cramhis is separated from Chilo (which it follows) by
its less lanceolate wings and shorter legs, and from Phycis by
its simple antennae and porrected palpi. With the economy
of this fine genus we are unacquainted ; the perfect insects fly
in the evening, and are remarkable for settling with their
heads downward, an attitude that probably assists them in
expanding their ample wings, which are so curiously convo-
luted round them, giving a cylindrical appearance to the in-
sect. Many individuals of this genus are amongst our com-
monest Lepidoptera; and when walking under our brightest
summer sun, through grass or fern, at every step our attention
is diverted by the flight of this pretty race.

Mr. Haworth has described most of the species of our
genus (about 30 in number) in his Lepidoptera Britatinica,
under the name of Palparia. I shall therefore only enu-
merate the following rare species, which have been considered
as belonging to this group : but I must not omit to remark,
that, excepting the 2 first, it is not from my own observations.

1. Crambus margaritaceus Fab. — Taken by Mr. Dale and

myself, July 1825, in Perthshire.

2. latistrius Haiio. — Taken in August by Mr. Dale

in Dorsetshire and Hampshire.

3. chrysonuchella Hilb.

4. barbus i/a-w.

5. auriferus Hilb. — Haw.

6. aridellus Hiib. — Taken at Darent, Kent, by

Mr. Stone.

7. tetrix Haw.

8. tentaculeus Hub. — Haw. — Taken at Coombe,

Surrey.

The species figured, which I believe to be a variety only of
T. radiella Hiib. (Mr. Dale's other specimens having ra-
diations), may be readily distinguished from C margaritaceus
(to which it is nearly allied), by its shorter palpi, the head not
being white, the thorax entirely ferruginous, the stripe on the
wings being narrower, more or less rayed, the inferior wings
very much paler, clouded with ochre; and the cilia of the su-
perior wings is white, and the underside very much darker.

Mr. Dale was so fortunate as to capture 2 specimens of
C. radiellus on the summit of Ben Lawers, and 2 others near
the top of Craig-challoch near Killin, the middle of July.
The pretty Silene acaulis (Moss Catchfly or Campion), which
grew in large masses there, was in flower at the time.

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233.

PHYCITA PINGUIS.

The Tabby Knot-horn.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae Leach. Crambites Laf.

Type of the Genus Tinea spicicella Fab.

Phycita Nob. — Phycis Fab., Haw. — Tinea Fab., Hub.

AntenncE inserted on the crown of the head, long and setaceous,
covered with scales above with hair beneath, the basal joint large
and ovate, 6 or 7 of the following slender in some males, forming
a curve and producing a large oval mass of scales (1), a few of
the succeeding very short and transverse, produced on the in-
ternal side (la, the scales being removed).
Maxillce not so long as the antennae, very spiral, densely clothed
w^ith scales towards the base, with a few minute tentacula "at the
apex (3). Palpi scarcely visible (7 a), triarticulate, basal joint
small, subglobose, 2nd larger obovate, 3rd as robust but shorter
(3 a).

Labial Palpi aS long as the head and recurved, rather slender

and clothed with short scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint not

short, s ubr en iform, 2nd twice as long, very much curved, slightly

attenuated, 3rd shorter than the 1st slender elongate-ovate (4 a).

Head not large. Eyes globose. Thorax robust. Abdomen reaching

beijond the wings when extended, linear in the males and capable of

producing a brush of beautiful hair, elongate-conic in the females.

Wings convoluted when at rest, superior elongate trigonate, inferior

ample and very much folded. Tibiae, anterior with a small spine on

the internal side, viiddle and posterior terminated by a pair of spurs,

the latter having a pair above the apex. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint

the longest. Claws and Pulvilli minute.

Caterpillars naked? with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

PiNGUis Haw. Lep. Brit. 493. 6.

Pale dull ochre inclining to fuscous. Antennae simple in both
sexes. Head and thorax fuscous, a blackish spot on each side
the latter : the body fuscous, margin of segments ochreous. Su-
perior wings freckled with black, the base black, excepting a
space at the insertion and a waved striga before the middle which
are the colour of the ground, a sinuated waved line beyond the
middle margined with black on the internal side, more suffused
with black next the posterior margin on which are 6 or 7 minute
black spots : inferior wings paler, the nervures and margin pale
fuscous.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Haworth, Mr. Marshall, and the Author.

A CONSIDERABLE number of the males in this genus may be
recognized by the peculiar knot, as it is termed, of the an-

tennie, which upon dissection proves to be a bundle of scales
attached to the joints : as however the females and many of
the other sex have simple antennae, the recurved palpi will be
a more constant character to distinguish our genus from
Crambus, to which it is nearly related. Phycis having been
long employed to designate a group of fishes, it cannot be re-
tained with propriety.

The following are our British species, but those with *
being desiderata, I may be mistaken in their affinities.

A. Superior wings whitish spotted with black.

1. nebulea Harv., Hub. — Sand-hills near Christchurch,

Hants, August?

2. Cardui Ha'w. — Cribella Hiib., Goda. — May, June, m.

August. Thistles.

B. Superior wings not white.

* Antennse of males dilated near the base.

3. sanguinea Haw., Hiib. — carnella. Don. 5. 153. 5. — May,

b. Aug. Meadows near Dover.

4. carnea Linn., Fab., Hiib. — Found with the last flying at

sunset.
*5. decuriella. Hiib. pi. 11. y^ T-i. — 10 July, amongst dry
cones of Fir-trees, Parley Heath, J. C. Dale, Esq.

6. legatea Haw. — legatella Hiib.

7. cristea Haw. — spicicella Hiib.

8. spissicornis Fab., Haw. — spicicella Fab. — Cristella Hiib.

— ^June, Epping Forest.

9. fusca Haw. — New Forest, Charles Lyell, Esq.

1 0. contubernea Hiib., Haw. — June, b. July, dry chalky fields.

11. diluta Haw. — dilutella Hiib. — undella Fab. ?

12. formosa. Haw. 494. 9.

** Antennae of males not dilated near the base.

13. consociella. Hiib.pl. 48./ 328.

14. verrucea Haw. — verrucella Hiib.

15. fascia. Haw. 4:96. 15.

*16. obtusa Haw. — obtusella Hiib.

17. palumbea Haw. — ^palumbella Fab. P Hiib.

18. marmorea Haw. — var. abietella Fab. ?

19. porphyrea Curt. MSS.

20. pinguis Haw.— Curt. Brit. Ent. 233. — The female figured

was taken 5th July upon the trunk of an Elm-tree in
the Green Park by Thomas Marshall, Esq.

21. bistriga Haw. — B. June, July, skirts of Woods.

22. angusta iafow.— angustella Hiib.

23. elutea Haw. — elutella Hiib.
*24. semirufa Haw. — Near London.

*25. rufa Haw.—0\(\. shady pales near London.

The plant is Orchis {Habenaria) bifolia (Butterfly Orchis),
communicated by Sir John Tylden.

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170.

EUDOREA MURANA.

The Scotch Gray.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae Leach. Crambites Lat.

Type of the Genus Tinea Pyralella Hiib.
EuDOREA Nob. — Scoparia Haw. — Pyralis Hiib. — Tinea Linn., Fab.,
Hub.

Antennae alike in both sexes, setaceous, inserted close to the
eyes, composed of numerous campanulate joints, having a serrated
appearance, clothed with scales above, hairy beneath, basal joint
the largest (fig 1, a).

Maxilla spiral, not so long as the antennae, completely clothed
with scales towards the base (3). Palpi very distinct, porrected
horizontally, thickly clothed with scales extending far beyond
the apex (7 a), biarticulate, basal joint globose, 2n(l elongate
oval (3 a) .

Labial palpi longer than the head, robust, drooping, clothed with

short scales above, with long ones beneath, extending far beyond

the apex (4) ; 3-jointed, basal joint curved, 2nd long nearly

linear, 3rd small conical (4 a) .

Head clothed with rather loose scales. Ocelli 2. Eyes large (7).

Wings slightly deflexed when at rest foindng a triangle, superior

long and narrow, inferior ample and folded. Abdomen extending

beyond the wings. Legs rather long. Tibiae, anterior not longer

than the basal joint of the tarsus, internal side producing a spine

thickly clothed with scales, 4 posterior spurred, the hinder pair having

spurs above the apex. Claws very minute. Pulvilli tione (S, afore

leg).

MuRANA Nob.

Pale ochraceous, with a grayish tinge. Antennae, head and thorax
spotted with black ; base of maxillary and underside of labial
palpi black : superior wings clouded with gray and spotted with
black forming an obscure striga near the base, a pale indented
one before and a sinuated one beyond the middle ; next to the
former is a furcate black line near the costa, below which is a
spot of the same colour not touching the striga, and close to the
3rd striga is a small black circle, with a semicircle at the top ;
the posterior margin and the base of the cilia are spotted with
fuscous. Abdomen and inferior wings pale cinereous, the latter
darkest at the margin ; cilia pale. Legs annulated with black.
In the Author's Cabinet.

This very natural group was first distinguished as a genus by
Mr. Haworth in his Lepidoptera Britannica^ under the name
of Scoparia, which having been applied by Linnaeus to a genus
of plants, we have been compelled to substitute another.

Eudorea being closely allied to Fabricius's genus Phycis (a
name which must also fall, a group of fishes having been pre-
viously designated by it), we may observe that the antennae of
Phycis in the males appear to be incrassated towards the base,
from the joints there producing a bundle of scales (from whence
arises our trivial name of knot-horn), the wings when at rest
are convoluted, and the labial palpi recurved.

Many species of Eudorea being found upon the trunks of
trees, stone walls and paling, we suspect the caterpillars are
Lichen feeders. The following is our list of British species.

1. E. Cembrae Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 498. n. 1. — Cembrella

Linn. ? Fab. ?

2. dubita i/aw.— dubitalis Hiih.

3. subfusca Haw.

4. Pyraiea Haw. — Pyralella Hub.

5. Mercurea Haw. — Mercurella Linn. — Crataeffella Hiib.

6. murana Nob.

7. lineola Nob. ^irom Mr. Plastead's collection : very like

the preceding, but the under wings have a sinuated
line across them.

8. Resinea Haw. — Resinella Linn. ?

9. pallida Nob. — from Whittlesea Meer. Wings short,

broad and pale.
10. angustea Nob. — from Tonbridge Wells. Wings long

and very narrow.
E. murana has received its name from being found upon
walls ; it has a more ochraceous with a slightly green tinge,
and is more thickly speckled than any of the other species. I
took a specimen on the 9th of July 1825, upon a stone wall
near Aberfeldy in Perthshire, and saw another in a similar
situation a few days after in the neighbourhood of Schecallien.
The plant is Saxifraga stellaris (Hairy Saxifrage), from the
shady and moist sides of mountains in Scotland.

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743.
DIURNEA NOVEMBRIS.

The November Dagger Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidse.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Fagella, Fab.

DiuRNEA Haw., Goda., Curt. — Lemmatophila Treit. — Tinea and
Crambus Fab.

Antenna inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
thrown back in repose under the wings, nearly as long as the
body in the male, slender and setaceous, composed of oblong
scaly joints, with spreading hairs beneath (1 (J), rather shorter
and simply scaly in the females (1 ? ).
MaxillcB small, slender and not half the length of palpi (3).
Labial palpi rather large, remote, thickly clothed Avith long
scales, i)orrected obliquely (4), triarticulate, basal joint short,
ovate, abruptly curved at the base, 2nd very long, not stout, a
little waved and slightly attenuated, 3rd a little longer than the
1st, very slender, tapering and acute (4 a) ; rather longer and
stouter in the female.
Head small transverse : eyes small globose and prominent. Thorax
not large nor crested. Abdomen rather short, linear and tufted in
the male ; stouter in the female ; the apex conical, with a short ovi-
positor. Wings Ir/ing partially over each other horizontally in re-
pose, and very long in the male (9) ; superior spatulate, the apex
rounded: inierior ample, the apex rounded : cilia perfect but short :
wings small and convex in the female, meeting upon the back ivhen
at rest ; superior not longer than the body, narrow and lanceolate,
the apex acute : cilia imperfect ? inferior small lanceolate and very
acute : cilia perfect. Legs longish in the male : tibiae, anterior with
a short spine andfascicle of scales on the inside, the others spurred
at the apex, the hinder long stout and ciliated on both sides, with a
pair of spurs at the middle : tarsi longish, slender and 5-jointed,
basal joint long : claws minute (Sf, hind leg). Female with the
legs stouter and the hinder tibia not hairy.
CaterpiWars fat, furnished with 2 rows of verrucose dots, each termi-
nated by a little hair ; armed with a corneous shield on the back,
with the 3rd pair of pectoral feet inform of a battledore, living and
metamorphosing between the leaves. Pupse slender and elongated,
inclosed in a double web. Goda. — Hub.,Tin. l.,Bomb.B,a,fig. 2,a,b.

NovEMBRis Haw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 995, 2.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

Mr. Haworth's genus Diurnea, at the time it was published,
embraced the insects which now form the Semioscopis and
Oporinia Hiib.^ the Lemmatophila Treit..) and my genera
Dasystoma and Cheimaphasia established in the Ent. Mag.
M. Godart has not adopted the former genus, and without
assigning a reason has altered the last into Cheimonophila:
as he is at a loss for the signification of the name Diurnea, it
may be as well to state that it alluded to the moths Hying in

the day ; but whetlier it is as applicable to Fagella as to some
of the other insects, I very much doubt. The same cele-
brated Lepidopterist seems to be mistaken in supposing the
Diurneae are destitute of maxillae, and the palpi, when denu-
ded, are distinctly articulated. The males fly slowly, and the
females merely spread their wings a little when they walk.

* Palpi of female long and straight.

1. Fagella Fab. — Fagi Fab.— Wood, jo/. 41./. 1273 c^, ? .—
disparella Schr. — atomana Knock. — atomella Hiib., pi. 2.f.
1 3. var. ?

Male ochreous-white, superior wings thickly freckled with

brown, with S or 4 black dots on liie disc : cilia spotted :

inferior wings of an even greyish-browti. Female ochreous,

freckled with black : superior wings with a very irregular

sinuated black striga before, and another less so beyond the

middle, with a black dot between them : antennge and legs

spotted black. Some specimens are lighter and griseous.

Not uncommon on the trunks of beech-trees the end of

Feb. in March and April, Kensington Gardens and Regent's

Park, J. C. ; Newcastle, Mr. Wailes. The larva is found in

Aug. and Sept. on the beech and oak, frequently upon the

aspen, and som.etimes on wild-roses : it spreads its pallet-shaped

feet very much in walking, and when disturbed it makes a

noise with them which faintly resembles the roll of a drum,

according; to the observations of M. Treitschke.

** Palpi shorter and recurved in the female.

2. Novembris Ha'w.— Curt. Brit. Ent..^ j)l. 743 ? .

Female whitish, variegated and spotted with brown : an-
tennae dotted with brown ; apex of palpi dark : superior
wings pale brown with white patches, and scattered scales,
a longitudinal and undulating line of white scales not reach-
ing the base but extending to the posterior margin, edged
and interrupted by a black streak above it : inferior wings
minutely freckled with pale brown, darkest at the apex.
Another specimen has the upper wings lighter and griseous,
the black forming two oblique streaks pointing to the head.
Rare on the trunks of lime-trees in Kensington Gardens in
November, in which situation I have found it; it has also been
observed near Kennington and in Epping Forest. It is strange
that after so many years the male of this moth should still be
unknown ; Mr Haworth considered it might prove to be the
female of T. gelatella, and at the same time stated that T.
phryganella was supposed by others to be the male ; both these
suppositions are found to be incorrect, since the females of
those species have been ascertained. M. Godart has figured
both sexes of a moth under the name of Dorynoyella, which
may be a dark variety of our insect, but it is difficult to deter-
mine the point from an engraving.

For specimens of Mcconopsis cambrica, Yellow Poppy, I
am indebted to T. C. Hcysham, Esq.

//^/

487.

COCHLEOPHASIA TESSELLEA.

The pale chequered brown Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidas.
Type of the Genus, Capillaria tessellea Haw.

CocHLEOPHASiA Cuvt. — Capillaria Haw.

Antennce inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
rather short, setaceous and ciliated internally in the male (1).
Maxillce none ?

Labial palpi rather drooping, divaricating and slender in the
male, sparingly clothed with scales, which project considerably
beyond the apex (4), triarticulate, joints nearly equal, 2nd a
little the longest, terminal one subelliptic (4 «).
Male. — Head rather broad, very looolly and tufted on the crown (7) :
eyes remote, small, very prominent and globose : ocelli 2, very di-
stinct and considerably removed from the eyes (7*). Tliorax small
and globose. Abdomen short and sometvhat conical in the male.
Wings rather large and obtuse (9 superior wing to show the neura-
tion), cilia long and thick. Thighs short : tibiae, anterior very short
with a small spine terminated in a pencil of scales on the inside, the
others with very long spurs at the apex, the posterior having an ad-
ditional pair below the middle : tarsi long and 5-Jointed, basal joint
the longest : claws and pulvilli minute.
Female (Jig. 9). — Antennae as long as the thorax, capillary, composed
of many small joints, basal joint the stoutest. Legs short and simple :
tarsi 5-jointed : claws distinct, hooked and acute: abdomen rather
stout, the 2 last joints but one densely clothed with wool : ovipositor
exserted.
I^arvse living in an elongated case (P) in which they change to a brown
Pupa obtuse at both ends.

Tessellea Haw. — tesserella Curt. Guide, Gen. 1001. 1.

Male. Fuscous shining ochreous, front and crown of head with
a long ochreous tuft ; superior wings mottled with ochre : legs
pale ochreous ; thighs dark lead colour, 4 anterior tarsi blackish
above, the apex of the joints whitish.

Female. Pitchy or castaneous, the membranous parts dirty
white : head and thorax shining : base of antennae, tibiae and
tarsi shining ochreous : tuft of wool towards the apex of abdo-
men mouse colour.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

There are numerous instances, even amongst our British
Lepidoptera, of female Moths having rudiments only of wings,
but very few that are so perfectly apterous as the females of
Cochleophasia, which I have so called from its carrying a case
that at a little distance looks like a Clausilia and other land
shells when walking. Tliese cases are inhabited by the cater-
pillar and pupa, but appear to be deserted by both sexes of
the perfect insect. I have repeatedly found the cases and bred

the females from them, and Mr. George Robertson, of Lime-
house, has bred the male. One of the cases is represented
slightly magnified at figure P, and placed as they attach them-
selves to paling and the trunks of trees ; the mouth is woolly
as well as the whole inside, the outside is exactly the colour
of lichen and very fine in texture; the apex is trigonate and
formed of 3 triangular lobes, closed previous to the exit of the
moth, and embracing the chrysalis by the middle whilst it
crawls out.

TheAuthor of Z(^j3/^o/>/^ra Britannica describes two species
apparently of this genus, and as I only possess one of them I
shall translate his account of the other.

1. C. tessellea Haw?. Lep. Brit. p. 522. 10.* — Ciirt.Brit. Ent.

pi. 487. S and ? .

Mr. Haworth mentions 3 large pale spots on the costa to-
wards the apex, but as he had seen only one specimen, it might
be a variety or an accident, for I have not observed them in
any specimen that has come under my observation.

I once found a considei'able number of the cas^s the end of
May sticking to paling that inclosed grass fields and Oak plan-
tations in the neighbourhood of Southampton, which produced
several female moths in a few days: I also detected one on the
trunk of a birch tree I believe in Cooinbe-wood, and the male
I have captured the beginning of June in Darent Lane and
in Hampshire.

2. C, pubicornis Haijo. L. B. 523. 11. — The pale downy

horned Moth. Expansion of wings 7^ lines.

" Antenna? moderately long and pubescent, wings pale and
immaculate. Head yellow, especially in front : posterior wings
pale fuscous."

Found near London but very rarely in July.

Distinct from the preceding and very like Adda Panzerella,
from which it is distinguished by its pubescent and short an-
tenna?. Haiso.

The Plant is Ballota nigra (Black or stinking Horehound).

* I formerly entertained an opinion that for the sake of uniformity and correctness
it was expedient to alter names ; but experience has convinced me that it is better
to retain a name, even with its original spelling, although objectionable, if possible.
It must be evident that many synonyms and additional names in Indexes, &c.,
would be avoided by this rule, whilst on the other hand as the spelling of a name
is often arbitrary or a matter of taste, such as substituting Haltica for Altica, (the
general adoption of which alteration would transfer a multitude of names from tlie
A's to the H's, and in many instances make Genera now very distinct identical in
spelling ; for instance, Elodes and Helodes,) there would be no end to such altera-
tions, and nomenclature could never be settled. As there are Entomologists who
if they can ascertain that a generic name has been previously employed in Botany
or any other branch of Science, immediately supersede it, and substitute one of
their own, I here avow my determination not to supersede any generic name that
has been established hy prefixed characters, although it may have been employed in
Botany or other branches of Nat. Hist.; at the same time it is desirable to avoid as
far as possible making use in the fitst instance of names that have been established
in other departments.

■'',^A: ^j Cy.- ^j/A/i'a Ciw. /: Z&Xi

463.
ADELA FRISCHELLA.

Frisch's Japan or Long-horn Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea viridella Fab.

Adela Lat., Curt. — Nemophron Hoff. — Nemapogon Schr. — Capil-
laria Haw. — Alucita Fab. — Tinea Linn., Hub.
Antenna inserted in front of the face, contiguous, porrected, very-
long, especially in the males, setaceous, composed of innume-
rable joints, clothed with scales, a few of the basal joints stout
and hairy (1).

MaxillcB spiral, twice or thrice as long as the labial palpi, clothed
externally with long hairs nearly from the base to the middle (3).
Palpi minute and biarticulate (a).

Labial Palpi slender, sparingly clothed beneath with long hairs
and curved upward : triarticulate, 1st and 2nd joints nearly of
equal length and thickness, 3rd half as long, very slender and
subfusiform (4 and 4'').
Head fratisverse and hairy : eyes lateral, sometimes much larger in the
male than female, and approximating on the croivn (7). Thorax sub-
ovate, sometimes hairy. Abdomen short in the males, longer and
attenuated to the apex in the females. Wings, superior lanceolate,
inferior ovate-lanceolate, cilia rather long. Legs slender. Thighs
small. Tibiae, anterior short, with an internal spine, the others long,
especially the posterior, which are furnished with two pair of spurs
(8t). Tarsi lo7ig and 5 -jointed. Claws minute.
Obs. The head (figures 7 and 7*) are from A. fasciella.

Frischella Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1002. 4.

Shinuig golden-ochre : antennae rather longer in the male than
female, silvery or white, the basal portion fuscous, rosy at the
base, with some short black pile on the inside in the male ; head
clothed with ochreous hairs : thorax metallic : superior wings
with a crimson tinge on the costa and cilia, and an ovate paler
spot, dotted with black, towards the apex : inferior yellowish
crimson ; cilia metallic at the base, fuscous at the apex.
In the Author s and other Cabinets.

Some of these charming little Moths are most splendid in their
colours : they delight to sport about in the sun in woods, where
they fly in small swarms like gnats.

The long setaceous antennee, hairy heads and palpi, and
colour of the wings in some, as well as the manner in which
they rest, give the Adehe an aspect very similar to Leptocerus
(pi. 57), and they may be considered one amongst the many
approaches that the Lepidoptera make to the Trichoptera.

The maxillae are remarkable for the long hairs with which
they are clothed, and the labial palpi were never before de-
tected.

The following are Britisli species of the genus Adela : —

1. Robertella Limi. — pilella Hilb. Tin. pi. 34<. Jl 235.
Chalky places near Cottingham, Yorkshire, b. June.

2. Panzerella Fab. — Hill). 61. 412. — Swammerdamella jF/mJ.

19, 127.?
End of May to middle of June, chalky places, Kent, Col-
lingborne Wood, Wilts, and near Teignmouth, Mr. Dale.

3. Swammerdamella Lmn. — Hub. 62. 410 & 411.
Beginning of May, amongst furze-bushes. Coomb Wood,

Mr. C. J. Thompson, and female on birch-trees, J. C. ; Glan-
ville's Wootton, Mr. Dale.

4. Frischella Lin7i. — Curi. Brit. Ent. pi. 463. ? .—Hub. 63.

425 & 426. — These are much smaller than our British
specimens, the natural size of which is given in the out-
line figure represented walking.
On flowers in Kent : male. May 9th, Glanville's Wootton ;
and female, end of July, Grymes Dyke, Mr. Dale.

5. viridella Fab. — sphingiella Hilb. 19. 129. — Reaumurella

Linn. ? — He says " Frons alba," which makes it doubt-
ful whether this be his insect ; yet I am disposed to be-
lieve that it is, as the female of A. viridella has a pale
crown to the head.

6. Scabiosella iSco/5. — viridella /ZiVJ. 19. 128. — cupi'ella i/atu.
On flowers of the Scabious, Darent Wood and near Exeter.

6\cuprella Fab.— Hub. 27. 185.
A species new to Britain, and taken by Mr. Dale at Glan-
ville's Wootton the end of May, will, I think, prove to be this
insect.

7. fasciella Jiz^.— Schiffermyllerella Hiib. 19. 132.
Beginning and end of June, Darent Lane and Gravesend

about nettles, J. C. ; Axbridge, Somerset ; Clapham-park
Wood, Bedfordshire ; b. July near Weymouth ; b. August,
Knowle Hill ; and Middle-marsh Woods, Dorset, Mr. Dale.

8. DeGeerella Linn. — Bon. 8. 267. 1 & 2. — striatella Fab.

mr. ?— Geerella Hub. 19. 130. & 67. 446.
B. June and b. July borders of woods ; near Southampton,
J. C; Bagley Wood, Berks: New Forest, and Monk's Wood,
Mr. Dale.

9. Sulzella Linn. — Hub. 18. 121. — Podaella Linn, is the fe-

male probably.— Do^i. 8. 267. 3.

June, hedges, moist lanes, and flying round an oak at
Wrentham, Suffolk, J. C. ; end of May, Glanville's Wootton.
10. Latreillella Hilb. 52. 355 & 356.

Taken by Mr. Weaver.

The Plant is Scirpus (Isoleptis) setaceus (Least Club-rush),
communicated by J. J. Bennett, Esq.

M08

^i^.-^ l/.- S/j^t4u, cX^ru /.//ii

408.

CECOPHORA SULPHURELLA.

The Yellow Underwinged Thick-horn.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea sulphurella Fah.
CEcoPHOKA Lat., Curt. — Dasvcera Hai/;. — ElasmiaHwi. — Tinea Fui.^
Hub.

Antennce inserted on each side the crown of the head close to
the eyes, not longer than the body, setaceous, appearing rather
stout at the base, clothed with scales above, pilose beneath in
the male {\ S) ; composed of numerous oblong joints, basal
joint the longest, stoutest, and subclavate.
Maxillce longer than the palpi, spiral, rather stout and clothed
with scales, attenuated to the apex which is naked (3).
Labial Palpi longer than the head, curved upward, slender,
clothed with scales, especially the 2nd joint, the terminal one
appearing naked (4) ; basal joint rather short, 2nd very long,
slightly curved, 3rd scarcely shorter, very slender and attenuated
to a point (4 a).
Head clothed with depressed imbricated scales. I!,yes globose (7 and 7*).
Thorax clothed with depressed scales. Wings vertj much deflexed
when at rest, the inferior margins meeting over the back ; superior
long and narrow, regularly ciliated ; inferior rather small and sub-
lanceolated, the cilia very ample. Abdomen linear and tufted in the
male: longer and conical in the female. Legs, posterior pair the
longest. Tibiae, anterior shorter than the thighs, rather stout with a
long internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, the posterior pair
long and very pilose, with a pair of spurs also at the viiddle, one of
them very long. Tarsi b -jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws
very minute.
Caterpillars with 1 6 ? feet.

Sulphurella Fab. Ent. Syst.3. pars2. 315. 128. — Curt. Guide, Gen.
1003. 2.— flavella Fab. E. S. 332, 9. $.— cornutella Fab. E. S.
Supp. 492. 63. 9.— orbonella Hub. Tin. pi. 45. f. 313. <?.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

This pretty genus contains only two British species ; they fly
during the day in fine weather, and are sometimes very abun-
dant in the neighbourhood of London. It may, however, be
useful to observe, that a species of Q^cophora, called by the
French " la teigne des bleds," has made very great ravages
(I suppose in the larva slate) in the South of France, by devour-

ing the grain. Mons. Latreille, who notices this in his Histoire
Naturelle, says that he was unable to make out the species
from the imperfect state of the specimens submitted for his
examination.

1. CE. Oliviella Fab.— MmuleWa Hiib. Tin.pl. 32. f. 222.

Black with an orange tint; antennae metallic-purple,
with 6 or 7 articulations towards the apex white, the
scales 'elongated on the outside as far as the middle
in the males; maxillae and palpi ochreous; head cu-
preous; thorax with a yellow stripe on each side:
superior wings, beyond the middle, sprinkled with
minute yellow scales ; at the base is a cordate yellow
spot with a chalybeous stripe on the superior margin,
and a transverse striga beyond it of the same metallic
tint ; across the centre is a yellow fascia with a lunu-
late chalybeous spot beyond it touching the costa.
This beautiful species I find the middle of June in the Re-
gent's Park, flying about in the sunshine in the morning, and
setding on the pales.

2. GE. sulphurella Fab. — Curt. Brit. Fnt. pi. ^OS. female.

Male, blackish-purple; antennae shining blue-black,
with 3 of the articulations towards the apex white :
palpi, maxillae, and sides of the head ochreous;
thorax with a yellow stripe down each side ; anterior
wings sprinkled with minute yellow scales, with a
yellow costal stripe and sometimes an obscure one
along the middle, and a triangular yellow spot near
the posterior angle ; inferior wings orange ochre, a
small portion at the base, the superior margin, the
apex and the cilia blackish.

Female, with the superior wing variegated with deep
dull blue, the costal and central yellow lines very
distinct, with a yellow spot on the costa opposite the
posterior angle. Abdomen with the margins of the
segments ochreous.

Obs. The outline figure shows a male at rest of the
natural size.
Fabricius says this species inhabits old oak-wood, and that
the larva is three years before the metamorphosis is completed.
The Caterpillars were found alive at Christmas under the
bark of a dead tree at Fulham by C. J. Thompson, Esq. ; they
appear to feed on the inner bark, and were forming cases like
the Tineae. The Moth occurs in great abundance, flying about
and resting upon the paling of the Regent's Park, sometimes
as early as the end of April, but this year I did not see any
till the 2nd of May.

The Plant is Ranunculus bulbosus (Bulbous Crowfoot).

OSS

^

iJ ::l

*W~ ''

If- I'm

655.

APLOTA ROBERTSONELLA.

The Wanstead Grev.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidifi.

Type of the Genus, Tinea bicostella Linri.

Aplota Step., Curt. — Palpula and Rhinosia Och. — ^Macrochila Step.
— Ypsolophus Haw. — Alucita Fab. — Tinea Linn., Fab., Hub.
AntentKB concealed in repose, inserted close to the eyes and a
little before them, as long as the body, very slender, setaceous,
clothed with scales above, pubescent beneath (1).
Maxilla slender, spiral, nearly as long as the antennte, scaly
outside at the base (3).

Labial Palpi very long, porrected, divaricating (7, 4), com-
pressed, densely clothed with scales, triarticulate, basal joint
small, 2nd very long, cylindrical, the scales projecting far be-
yond the apex and forming a brush, 3rd joint long, very slender
acute and naked, more or less elevated and looking like a spine
amongst the long scales at the apex of the 2nd joint (4).
Head small, the scales meeting on the crown, and projecting in front
over the forehead (7 and 7*). Thorax subglobose. Abdomen slender,
tufted at the apex. Wings very ample, much longer than the body,
convoluted or decumbent, superior lanceolate ; inferior ovate, with
long cilia. Legs, anterior the shortest, ivith a long spine on the in-
side near the apex, the others terminated by a pair of long spurs, the
hinder stout and clothed icith long scales outside, with a pair of spurs
a little below the middle, longer than those at the apex : tarsi long
and 5 -jointed: claws and pulvilli minute (8 f)-
Larvae unknoxvn.

RoBERTsoNELLA Curt . Guidc, Gen. 1005. 1''.

Maxillae rather short : palpi with the scales projecting very far
beyond the apex ; 3rd joint nearly as long as the 2nd, recurved :
delicate light grey with a slight ochreous tinge ; antennae dotted
with black ; superior wings freckled with pale brown, the costa
slightly concave, with oblique brown spots, the apex and pos-
terior margin with three fine brown lines ; a few black dots along
the disc ; apex of abdomen ochreous : Obs. some specimens are
much darker.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Robertson, the Author, S;c.

The numerous shades of difference in the length and relative
proportions of the palpi in this group have led to the formation
of several sections, which if regarded as such are undoubtedly
valuable, as nothing tends more essentially to the accurate in-
vestigation of groups ; but it is only adding a dead weight to
science to give them names, if they be not entitled to such a

distinction. With this view of the subject I have considered
the following British insects as forming one genus :

* A PLOT A Step.

1. palpella Hanio. 5^5. 2^.— Wood, pi. 40./ !249.
Anterior wings fuscous with 3 black dots, the usual stria
verj' obscure and paler.

*' Found the beginning of July in a field of Trefoil near
Ripley." Step. III.

** Palptjla Oc//. — Plurota Hub.
l^. Robertsonella Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 655. ? .

As this appears to be a new species, I have named it after
G. Robertson, Esq., who took it amongst Furz-bushes on
Wanstead Flats in July, and I am indebted to him for the
specimen figured as well as for darker varieties. Mr. Dale has
bred it, but unfortunately he does not remember the caterpillar.

2. aristella Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 894. 416.

"Whitish, wings with a silvery line, palpi porrected, longer
than the head, furnished with a bristle." The palpi are
twice as long as the head and thorax : I believe it has only
been taken in Portugal.

3. bicostella Li7m. — Hiib. 17. 1 15. — Tinea marginella Fab.
Anterior wings cinereous-white, costa fuscous, the margin
white.

June, near Edinburgh, I believe; near Settle, Darent Wood,
Dover, New Forest, amongst iurz on Parley Heath, and also
at Winfreth, Dorset, Mr. Dale.

4. marginella Alucita Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 3. B. 333. IS.— Don.
2. 58. 2. — striatella Hiib. 23. 154. — Clarella Treit.
Anterior wings ochreous, the costa and inferior margin pure
white.

End of July, amongst the Juniper in Birch Wood, also at
Darent, Faversham, and Dover.

5. parenthesella Linn. — semicostella Hiib. 59. 396.
Anterior wings fuscous grey; basal portion of the costa
white, with 2 obscure black dots on the disc.

June, Blackheath ; end of July, Shooter's Hill, Kent.

Rhinosia Oc/i.— Oxybelia Hiib.

6. fasciella Hub. pl.lG.f.lU.

Anterior wings ferruginous, with 2 obscure oblique fasciae.

Beo-inning of June, amongst grass, and in barren places in
the New Forest; Walworth and Darent Wood in July; be-
ginning of August, Coomb Wood.

The Plant, Andromeda polifolia, Wild Rosemary, was com-
municated by T. C. Heysham, Esq.

^2/

.^

>1V. ^o^rC^tiL^o^ //rffc*

73

221.
DEPRESSARIA BLUNTII.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortrices LaU

Type of the Genus Pyralis Heracleana Fah.

Depressaria Hrtio.—Volucra ia^— Pyralis fa6.— Tinea Fab., Hub.
— Tortrix Linn.

AntenncE remote, inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the
head, filiform, clothed with scales, basal joint long, slender, suU-
clavate, producing a few bristly scales on the upper side, the
following joints transverse (1).

Maxilloe spiral, not longer than the palpi, rather robust and
clothed externally with scales (3).

Labial Palpi slightly divaricating when viewed in front (7, 4),
long and curved upward, the 2nd joint covered with long'and
broad scales, the 3rd appearing naked (7 a, 4) ; composed of
3 joints, the basal one rather short and drooping, 2d long, slen-
der and curved, 3rd nearly vertical, verv slender, attenuated,
considerably shorter than the 2nd (4 a),
Head broad, covered with broad imbricated scales (7). Eyes rather
small. Ocelli very minute, placed behind the antennce {7 a). Wings
horizontal and incumbent when at rest, longer than the body, superior
linear lanceolate (9). Cilia of inferior wings long. Abdomen
broad and depressed, producing small fascicles of hair down the sides
(which are sometimes recurved) and at the apex. Legs, anterior very
short, the tibia producing a brush of hair only on the internal side,
the others spurred at the apex, the posterior having 2 spurs also at
the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed. Claws and Pulvilli minute.
Caterpillars tvith 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.
Pupae inclosed in a loose web formed amongst theflowers and seed-vessels
of plants.

Bluntii Nob.

Head, palpi, thorax, and legs pale ochre ; eyes black : superior
wings purplish castaneous palest at the costa, with a double irre-
gular oval mark on the disc of a dirty white colour ; abdomen
and inferior wings pale fuscous.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

Depressaria may be distinguished from Anacampsis which
It most resembles, by the very flat bodies of both sexes, the
more obtues Ayings and the shorter and less recurved palpi.

The following are our British species :

1. D. Heraclei Haiso. — Heracleuna Linn. ? Fab., Reaum. 2.

tab. 6.f. 1 — 4. Middle of March and beginning of
October.

2. characterosa HatD. 511. 18. Middle of Aug. Dover.

3. badia i^oM;.— badiella Hiib. Tin. pi. 1 4-./ 92. Norfolk.

4. apiosa HWiio. — apicella Hiib. Tin. 14. 94.

5. albipuncta Hatso. — albipunctella Hiib. Tin. 22. 149.

6. liturosa Haiso. — liturella Hiib. Tin. 12. 83.

7. curvipunctosa i/«a). — Beginning of March; in hedges.

8. applana Fab., Haw. — cicuieWsiHiib. Tin. 12. 79. All

the year round ; in hedges, gardens, outhouses, &c.

9. purpurea i/aw. April and e. of Aug. Houses in Hants.

1 0. Alstrseineri Ha'uo. — Alstraemeriana Linn., Fab. — puella

Hub. Tin. 1 2. 82. April, September and October ;
in hedges, osier-grounds, &c.

11. cosiosa. Halo. Near London.

12. gilvosa Haiv. — gilvella Hiib. Tin. 14. 96. End of

April, August, and beginning of September ; on the
sea coast and in osier-jjrounds.

13. signosa Haw. — signella Hiib. Tin. 12. 80. April and

beginning of September ; in osier-grounds, &:c.

14. atomosa Haiso. — atomella? Hiib. Tin. 35. 240. Au-

gust ; under stones. Dover.

15. venosa ii/ato. Middle of June; Regent's Park. —

, Middle of August ; Dover.

16. flavosa Haw. — flavella Hiib. Tin. 14. 97. — Sparman-

mana, Fab. Middleof Aug. ; under stones; Dover.

17. Yeatsii Haw. — Yatesana Fab. — albidana Don. 11.

377. 2. Coombe Wood and Godstone, Surrey.

18. nervosa Haw. Near London.

19. putrida Haw. — putridella Hiib. Tin. 35. 244.

20. umbellarum Haw. — umbellana Fab. End of August ;

on furze-bushes ; Parley Heath, Hants.

21. Bluntii Curtis Br. Ent. /;/. 221. I have the melan-

choly satisfaction of dedicating this pretty insect to
the memory of the late Mr. Edward Blunt, F.L.S.,
who took it in July at Southchurch, Essex ; and
the end of the following April I bred some from
chrysalides contained in his cages. His friend Mr.
Christopher Parsons informs me that he has also
found it in gardens and outhouses at the same place.
Pastinaca sativa (Wild Parsnep) figured in the plate is the
plant upon which I found the caterpillars of D. Heraclei feed-
ing, at Dover, in the middle of August.

■/<sp

cM-^6yJ:iS,u^ 9Z^f fSS/

189.
ANACAMPSIS LONGICORNIS.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortrices Lat.
Type of the Genus Tinea Populella Limi.

Anacampsis Nob. Volucra ? Lat. — Pyralis Lat. — Tinea Fab. — Pha-
isena (Tinea) Linn.

A7itennce alike in both sexes, remote, inserted close to the eyes
(fig. 1) ; rather long and capillary, composed of numerous ob-
long joints, covered with short scales, the basal one subclavate.
Maxillce spiral, robust, shorter than the palpi, clothed with long
scales externally (3).

Labial Palpi longer than the head, diverging, recurved, thickly
covered vi^ith scales, those on the basal joint the broadest, form-
ing a tuft on the inside (4) ; 3-jointed, 1st joint short clavate,
2nd very long robust cylindric curved, 3rd longer setaceous,
slender and acuminated (4 a).
Head covered with close broad imbricated scales (7). Eyes not very small.
Ocelli 2, placed behind the antenna; (7 a). Wings horizontal and
incumbent when at rest, longer than the body ; superior linear lan-
ceolate; inferior lanceolate, the cilia of the latter very long. Abdo-
men of the male sometimes depressed. Legs ; posterior pair the
longest. Thighs rather short. Tibiae ; anterior the shortest, with
long scales only on the internal side, the others spurred at the apex,
the posterior having 2 spurs cdso at the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed.
Clavi^s and Pulvilli minute (8f . a hind leg).
Caterpillars with \Q feet.

LONGICORNIS Nob.

Griseous ; Head and thorax pale ferruginous sprinkled with
brown. Antennae nearly as long as the wings, black towards
their apex. Abdomen dull black, the margins of tlie segments
dull white. Wings ; superior very long, sprinkled with black,
an oblique abbreviated fascia near the base, one before and an-
other beyond the middle pale ferruginous ; the 1st and last with
a large black spot on each, the intermediate having two elon-
gated black spots, and a larger oval oblique black spot also next
the posterior margin. Cilia fuscous, variegated with black. In-
ferior wings pale fuscous inclining to yellow. Legs ; anterior
black above, posterior whitish, annulated with fuscous.
Obs. Some specimens are much darker and the markings more
obscure.

In the Author s Cabinet.

Latreille having included Pyralis Heracleana Fab. in his
family of Tortrices, there can be little doubt of the propriety
of associating our genus with that group ; at the same time we
must acknowledge that their situation does not appear to be

natural : the smaller moths, however, are so imperfectly under-
stood, that it is impossible at present to determine the loca-
tions of many of them.

We regret that this extensive genus, which has been formed
by Mr. Haworth, has not yet appeared in his LepidojJtera Bri-
tannica : we feel however, the more obliged to this gentleman
for liberally allowing us to copy the following list from his
MS.; it will be serviceable to lepidopterists, since the cabinet
ot that acute entomologist has been the source from whence
we have derived the names by which the species are known.

lA

. cinerea L., Hiib,

1 8 A. domestica Haw.

2

subcinerea Haw.

19

affinis Haw.

3

longicornis Nob.

20

diffinis Haw.

4

Juniperi L., Hiib.

21

contigua Hazv.

5

Populi L.

22

sequax Hiib. — 6-punc-

6

rustica Hiib.

tella F. P

7

Listeri L. ?

23

proxima Haw.

8

nebulea Haw. — Popu-

24

maculea F.

lella Hilh.

25

Cleniateai*'. — Alucita ni-

9

Betulea Hiib.

vella F. P

10

lutarea Haixi. — Verbas-

26

Blattariae Hiib.

cella Hub. ?

27

subrosea Haw.

11

rhombea Ha'uc., Hiib. —

28

guttifera Haw.

Moufettella L. ?

29

marmorea Haw.

12

dodecea L. P

30

atra Haw. — exiguellai^ P

13

aspera Haw. — Schellen-

Hiib.

bergella F. P

31

nana Hiib. — aleella F.

14

nigra Haw.

32

nivea F. P

15

sarcitea L. P

33

interrupta Hiib. P

16

punctifera Haw. — Pedi-

34

fulvescens Haw.

sequella Hiib. P

35

fuscescens Haw.

17

Hlibneri Haw. — Gra-
nella Hiib.

In the above list the Linnaean termination has been drop-
ped, and for the sake of brevity the name has not been repeat-
ed ; but in the works of Linnaeus the names are ' ciyierella,^
'' Juniper ella^ &c.

The pretty and distinct undescribed species figured, I
bought of Mr. Weaver, who took it, I think, in Derbyshire ;
and I have since seen a male taken last summer by some la-
dies in Scotland.

Sanicula europcjca (Common Sanicle) is figured in the plate.

P'S

//-/ ^ 31

735.

LAVERNA OCHRACEELLA.

Ochreous Laverna.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Tyjie of the Genus, Laverna ochraceella Curt.

Laverna Curt. — Anacampsis Curt.

Antennce alike in both sexes, remote, inserted on each side of
the crown close to the eyes, rather longer than the body and
capillary, clothed with short scales, basal joint long and cla-
vate, the remainder short (1, a portion of the base).
Maxilla spiral, tapering, as long as the palpi, clothed with scales
externally at the base (3).

Labial palpi much longer than the head, diverging, recurved but
not above the head, rather long, 2nd joint densely clothed with
scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint shortish, curved, clavate,
2nd very long, curved, slightly clavate, 3rd scarcely so long,
very slender, tapering and acute (4 a), clothed with very short
scales.
Head short and broad, clothed with small depressed scales (7 the face,
7* the profile) : eyes small. Thorax subglobose. Abdomen not
depressed, shortish, narrow and tufted in the males, the apex conical
in the females. Wings horizontal and incumbent ? when at rest,
longer than the body, superior linear, lanceolate, apex acute ; cilia
longish : inferior lanceolate, very narrow, cilia long and extending
round the wing. Legs, anterior short, hinder long and stout : thighs
short : tibiae, anterior small, intermediate with a pair of unequal
spurs at the apex ; hinder long, stout and hairy outside, with long-
ish spurs at the apex and a pair a little below the middle: tarsi 5-
jointed, basal joint the longest : claws and pulvilli minute.

Ochraceella Curt. MSS. — Guide, Gen. 1009^.

Pale ochreous ; antennae dotted ; superior wings with deep
ochreous or ferruginous clouds, forming several pale patches,
the cilia dotted at the apex with the same colour ; inferior wings
silky yellowish white, cilia ochreous.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Robertson, Mr. Bentley, and the Author.

I ESTABLISHED the jrenus Anacampsis in the 4th vol. of this
Work, folio 189, and finding that a portion of that extensive
group differs essentially from the typical form, I am induced
to propose a new genus for them. Amongst the most pro-
minent distinctions are the much broader head, shorter and
less elevated palpi, rather longer and more slender maxillae,
more lanceolate superior wings, and very narrow and lanceo-
late inferior wings ; this last character at once distinguishes

the two groups, for in Anacampsis they are broad with the
apex truncated obliquely, as represented at fig. 9, and of course
the neuration is totally different.

The following are the only British species I have been able
at present to recognise:

J. sarcitella Linn. — Guide, Gen. 1009, No. 17. — Wood, pi. 39.
/ 1207.

Wings hoary-gray or cinereous, clouded with black, head,
thorax and a spot at the base of the superior wings white :
expansion 6 to 8 lines.

It is very remarkable that, common as this insect is, I do
not remember any figure of it excepting Mr. Wood's; the one
referred to in Roesel by Linnaeus is not only different, but
absolutely belongs to another genus, which is evident from the
deflexion of the wings. The L. sarcitella is a most mischie-
vous little moth in our houses, where it is common the greater
portion of the spring and summer months, and I have fre-
quently observed it on the trunks of fruit-trees in gardens as
late as September. The female deposits her eggs upon clothes
and woollen articles, on which the larvae feed, living in cases
which they form of the wool, and in which they become pupae.

2. marmorea Haiso. 553. 29. — Guide, No. S9.

"Anterior wings variegated with black, white and red, some-
what clouded : expansion 6 lines." Haw.

Wood's fiff. 1218 is a variety of his No. 1206, which is the
T.luculella HUb., and not the T. luctuella of that author, which
is a totally different insect. The above two figures of Wood
are the R. suhrosea of Haworth, which was given in the Guide
as identical with Hiibner's T. luculella ten years since.

June, Norfolk, Birch-wood, and the New Forest.

3. atra Haxv. 553, SO.— Guide, No. 32.— Wood, fig. 1220.—
exiguella Hilh.

"Anterior wings black, posterior blackish, head white: ex-
panse 5 to 6 lines." Haw.

The interior margin of the superior wings is generally pale
or whitish, forming an irregular stripe down the back when
the wings are closed.

June, abundant in woods near London and in the New
Forest.

4. ochraceella Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 735. ? .

This very distinct species was discovered by that excellent
Lepidopterist Mr. Bentley, 20 years since, in the month of
June, resting on grass in a meadow on the banks of the river
Avon, near Kingwood ; several were taken last summer amongst
grass on the banks of ditches in the Isle of Dogs, by Mr. Ro-
bertson, who very obligingly added it to my Cabinet.

The plant is Knautia (Scabiosa) arvensis, Field Scabious.

j6^

d/^.- ^t^<S«^^ 6C^ /, /ji>/

368.

CHELARIA RHOMBOIDELLA.

The Lobster-clawed Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea ihomboidella Linn.

Chelaria Haw. — Phalaena Don. — Tinea Linn. Hub.

AritenncE inserted close to the eyes, on each side the front of the
head, as long as the body, capillary, clothed with scales, basal
joint long, the remainder short (1).

Maxilla long slender and spiral, shorter than the antennae, clothed
with scales nearly to the apex, which is furnished with short
glands (3).

Labial Palpi very long, recurved, divaricating, clothed with scales,

triarticulate, basal joint concealed by the eyes, 2nd joint long,

producing long scales beneath, 3rd joint equal to the united

length of the others, curved attenuated and pointed, with the

scales longest above, leaving a portion of the apex naked (4 and

4 a).

Head small, globular, clothed with depressed scales. Eyes globose

(7 and 7*.) Wings, superior long, narrow and sublanceolate: inferior

rather broader and acute : the cilia long. Abdomen slender, tufted

at the apex in the males and conical in the females. Legs, afiterior

the shortest, with an internal spine on the Tibia, the posterior pair

very long, clothed externally with long scales, furnished with 2 pair

of unequal spines. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws

minute (Sf, hind leg).

Larva and Pupa unknown.

RuoMHOiDEhhA. Linn. Faun. Suec. 356. 1372. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1012.
conscriptella Hilb. Tin. 4 1 . 283.— Hubnerella Don. ll.pl. 382. 2.
— conscripta Haw. p. 526.

Dirty ochre. Palpi with the scales on the outside of the 2nd
joint at the middle, and the 3rd towards the tip of the brush,
dark brown. Antennae spotted with black towards their tips :
eyes brown. Superior wings slightly variegated with darker
scales, with a large somewhat trigonate brown spot near the
middle of the costa, with 2 costal dots near the base, and 4 or
5 paler ones towards the apex, near which is a longitudinal
blackish line, and sometimes 2 dots, approaching the centre :
inferior wings shining iridescent gray, shaded into fuscous at the
margin : cilia ochreous fuscous.

Li the Author's and other Cabinets.

An error has been committed in the " Guide " by referring this
insect to Latreille's genus Cerostoma, which appears to be
synonymous with Ypsolophus : I have now the pleasure of
adopting Mr. Haworth's name, which was given in his Lepi-
doptera Britannica, where the genus is characterized : Che-
laria has been selected for it, from its curious palpi having
some resemblance to the claws of a Lobster or the mandibles
of a Chelifer. (See Kirby and Spence's Introd. to Entomol.
pi. 5./. 4^.)

Remarkable as this little Moth is, we know nothing of its
economy; the Caterpillar and Pupa do not appear to be de-
scribed or figured, and it is simply stated by Linnaeus and
Fabricius that the Imago lives in woods. Mr. Donovan, who
believed it to be a nondescript, says it was taken in the vicinity
of Feversham, Kent ; it is however by no means a rare insect ;
I have frequently found it in Norfolk and in the neighbour-
hood of London, towards the end of August, generally I think
in gardens ; and Mr. Dale meets with it in similar situations
in Dorsetshire.

In dissecting the Moth, I was unable to discover the ante-
rior (maxillary) Palpi, mentioned by Mr. Haworth: it must
also be observed that the basal joint of the labial palpi is
concealed in the mouth, and that the long bundle of hairy
scales which clothes the greater part of the 3rd joint, gives
the naked and terminal portion the appearance of a 4th joint.

The Plant is Daphne Laureola (Laurel Mezereon), com-
municated by the Rev. Professor Henslow from Hinton near
Cambridge.

6y/

/dl.^^,.//^"

671.
CLEODORA CYTISELLA.
The Broom Tinea.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidge.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Silacella Hiih. ?

Cleodora Step., Curt. — Mesophleps Hub. — Recurvaria Haw. — Ti-
nea Hub.

AntenncB inserted close to the eyes in front of the forehead (7 *),
shorter than the wings, very slender and capillary, somewhat
serrated or knotted, especially towards the apex (1).
MaxilltB at least as long as the palpi, slender, spiral, clothed
with scales externally the greater portion of their length, with-
out tentacula at the apex (3).

Labial palpi long, curved, porrected horizontally far beyond the

head, spreading very much (4), triarticulate, basal joint elongate-

clavate, 2nd very long, linear but slightly curved and densely

clothed with scales, very hairy beneath, 3rd joint rather shorter,

very slender, tapering and pointed (a).

Head small and globose, clothed with broad shining depressed scales (7

the face): eyes small lateral ajid ovate. Thorax smooth. Abdomen

rather short, tufted at the apex in the male, conical in the female.

Wings subcylindric in repose, superior long narrow and lanceolate,

the cilia continued far above the apex, and gradually becoming very

long below it ; inferior as broad as the others, but rather shorter,

linear, a little narroioed at the base, the apex acuminated, ciliated

quite round, the cilia very long beneath. Legs, hinder long : tibiae,

anterior not short, with an internal spine near the apex, the others

with a pair of unequal spurs at the apex, the hinder long stout and

hairy outside, ivith another pair of spurs above the middle (8 t) •"

tarsi slender and 5-jointed. Obs. The species dissected was C. Cy-

tisella.

Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet.

Cytisella Curt. Guide, Gen. 1013. 7.

Fuscous, head and palpi whitish, excepting the tip of the 2nd
joint : thorax whitish or ochreous : superior wings sometimes
ochreous, the costa more or less fuscous, with an oblique narrow
white streak issuing from it near the apex, and pointing out-
ward ; a black line at the base of the cilia next the costa, with
4 white dots behind it. Obs. In some specimens the semdunate
white streak is very indistinct.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Bentley, the Author, 8(C.

Having but few specimens of this group I am unable to speak
with certainty, but it appears to me that the palpi are stouter,
with a shorter terminal joint, in the male than they are in the
other sex ; this however may arise in my examples from the
palpi being rubbed in the female.

Of the habits and ceconomy of this group I am ignorant, but
the typical species as well as that before us are well distin-
guished by the form of the underwings, which are suddenly
acuminated, somewhat like the wings of a Swallow. The spe-
cies recorded are :
1. Silacea Hww. p. 555. S6.—JVilh's But.pl. l.f.a.JO?—

Silacella Hiib. ? pi. 17. f. H?.

" Superior wings subochreous, with 2 remote little fuscous

dots on the disc, one behind the other, inferior wings fuscous,

shining : 7 to 9 lines in expanse." Haxv.

Although Mr. Haworth refers to Hlibner's figure, I doubt
if it be his insect, as not only do the spots and colour of the
wings differ, but the palpi if correctly represented are more
clavate.

Beginning of June Coomb Wood, and end of July near
Brockenhurst. The Caterpillar feeds on willows.

2. rufescens Haw. 555. 37.

" Superior wings shorter than in the preceding, and more
obtuse or subtruncated, entirely rufescent, immaculate:
posterior fuscous-white, cilia yellowish : 7^ lines." Haw.
The New Forest in August.

3. nebulella Step. III. 4. 221. 3.

Superior wings pale griseous-fuscous, clouded with brown,
with a whitish subtrigonate spot on the costa near the apex ;
inferior wings very narrow, cinereous brown : 5^ to 6^ lines.
July, near Brockenhurst, in the New Forest.

4. ochroleucella Step. 4. 221. 4.

Superior wings pale ochreous, obscurely clouded ; inferior

wings brownish : 6 lines.

" End of July, near Ripley, Surrey." Step.

5. lucidella ,S/^;?. 4. 221. 5.

Superior wings with the apex somewhat acute, shining, gri-
seous-fuscous, immaculate ; inferior glossy black : 7 lines.
Found with No. 3 in the New Forest.

6. falciformis Haw. 555. 38.

" Superior wings subfalcate, cinereous or somewhat gri-
seous, with irregular confluent fuscous lines or stre?ks on
the disc: cilia umber -coloured; inferior shining, fuscous
lead colour : 6 lines." Haw.
Taken in July in Norfolk and near London.

7. Cytisella Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 671.

I took a specimen of this distinct species the 18th July on a
hill at Glengariff'in Ireland, and Mr. Walker gave me one
which he met with in the Isle of Wight. Mr. Bentley having
observed that it frequents the broom in the vicinity of Lon-
don, I have given it the specific name of Cytisella.
The Plant is Artemisia vulgaris, Mugwort.

cT/cJ

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V ^\^

c^.- ^ cJig^.^uA^ (::^-fsss^

yc2-/^3i-

543.

BATIA LUNARIS.

The lesser tawny Crescent Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Recurvaria lunaris Haw.
Batia Step. — Galanthiai/wJ. — Recurvaria Haw. — Tinea Hiih., Don.
Antennae inserted close to the eyes, on the crown of the head,
moderately long and slender, composed of numerous slightly
tasselled joints, hairy beneath, the basal joint rather long cla-
vate and a little curved (1).

Maxillce short, about the length of the palpi, spiral and clothed
with scales outside at the base (3).

Labial palpi long slender recurved, divaricating (7, 4), clothed
with short scales (4) triarticulate, basal joint the shortest,
slightly clavate and curved, 2nd the longest and a little the
stoutest, 3rd somewhat shorter, slender and attenuated (4 a).
Head small and globose thickly clothed with scales, depressed in front,
eyes a little prominent and globose (7 front view of head, 7 * profile).
Thorax small, the scales depressed. Abdomen short and sletider,
a little tufted at the apex in the male, conical in the female. Wings
very much deflexed in repose, superior long and narrow, truncated
obliquely icith lofig spreading cilia ; inferior wings lanceolate, with
very long cilia, shortest above. Legs, anterior the shortest, poste-
rior the longest : thighs, jmsterior short; tibiae, anterior rather stout
and as long as the thigh, the others terminated by long spurs, the
hinder being very hairy, especially outside, with a pair of long spurs
also towards the base : tarsi 5 -Jointed, basal joint the longest : claws
and pulvilli minute (8 f hind leg).
Larvae unknoion.

Lunaris Haw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1014. 5.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

As I possess only two species of this genus, 1 am unable to as-
certain whether they all agree in structure. Hiihner's figure
of T. Jiavi front ella has not the habit of the type, and Donovan's
plate of T. Panzerella exhibits an insect very different in its
contour ; neither do Mr. Stephens's characters agree with these
insects, for he says the maxillae are rather long^ and the poste-
rior wings rather ample ovate, &c., and what we are to under-
stand by his description of the palpi is very uncertain, " the
basal joints," he says, are " clothed with longish scales, the
apical ones rather shorter, more slender than the foregoing and
as long as the other /wo."

The following species have been enumerated as British ;
they are principally distinguished from neighbouring groups
by the shortness of the proboscis, and the remote situation of
one pair of spurs from the apex in the hinder legs.
L flavifrontella Fab.—Hiib. Tin. pi. 18.,/. 126.

Expansion 12 lines: head and abdomen rufous, thorax and

superior wings cinereous, with a dark patch on the disc ; in-
ferior gray, with yellowish cilia.

July, Darenth Wood and Camberwell,

2. Panzerella Do7i. 3. pi. 106. f. 4.

Expansion 15 lines. " Long, narrow. Anterior wings pale
clay colour, with a dark streak down the middle, and a few
minute spots of the same colour near the apex. Posterior
wings almost ti-ansparent, bluish, fringe very deep, of a clay
colour. End of autumn 1794, among some high grass and
water plants in the vicinity of Hampstead." Doji. Brit. Ins.

3. saturatella»S/'g'/). "Expansion 6i lines. All the wings and

cilia, with the head, thorax, and body, pale ochreous brown,
immaculate and glossy. Found in Darenth Wood in June."
Step. III.

4. lutarella iy?7Z>. ? Tin. pi. 25. f. 168. Expansion 7| lines.

Grayish-fuscous, head white, thorax and superior wings
pale brown, cilia darker, with a fuscous dot on the disc.
This does not very well agree with Mr. Stephens's de-
scription : " Anterior wings pale, tawny-luteous, and to-
tally immaculate; cilia rather pale: posterior wings and
cilia fuscous."
Taken in Coombe Wood the beginning of June.

5. lunaris Haw. — Cwt. Brit. Ent. pi. 543 S •

Fuscous; antennas white at the base, the remainder annu-
lated, forehead white : thorax orange, the centre castaneous :
superior wings ochreous-orange, with a broad and darker
fimbria, centre yellow, costa fuscous, a triangular blackish spot
near the middle of the interior margin, with a smaller and
more obscure one obliquely attached to its apex, both concave
externally: inferior wings pale grey, tarsi annulaled with white.

Common near Chelsea on old shady pales and rails: in such
situations I have generally met with it the middle of June, es-
pecially in the Regent's Park; it rests in a very singular man-
ner, with its head bent close down and its wings projecting
obliquely, as if the head were buried in the wood. This I take
to be the type of the genus, and the insect named by the late Mr.
Haworth T.fusco-cmrella, which appears to be the T. unitella
o^ Hub., I think I have observed standing in the same attitude.

6. Lambdella Do7i. v. 2. 7;/. 57.^. 1.

Expansion 7 lines. Fuscous; superior wings ochreous-
orange, costa dusky, with a brown triangular spot near the
centre of the interior margin and an ovate one on the disc,
uniting obliquely with the former one, both edged with white
inside. Similar to No, 5 but larger.

In July 1 789 the late Mr. Bentley discovered a brood in a
Furze-bush on Epping Forest.

The Plant is Antirrhinum Elatitie (Sharp-pointed Toad-
flax), communicated by N. B. Ward, Esq.

cy^^.-^- '-^ (^^-^'-i-^' c^^, .■ //ii:

JS^- J^^S ?

687.
PORRECTARIA ALBICOSTA.

The white- edged Unicorn Moth.

Order Lepidopiera. Fam. Tineidse.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Anatipennella Hub.

PoRRECTARiA Huw., Curt. — Omix Och. — Tinea Fab., Hub. — Haplo-
ptilia Hub.

Antennce inserted on each side of the crown above the eyes, not
so long as the body, capillary, porrected and closely united in
repose, basal joint stout and elongated, clothed with long scales
(1), forming a pencil at the apex in the males (1 (^).
Maxillce twice or thrice as long as the palpi, spiral and tapering,
a considerable portion of the base clothed outside with scales (3).
Labial palpi longer than the head, porrected, divaricating, clothed
with shortish scales (4), slender and triarticulate, basal joint
elongate-ovate, curved, 2nd very long, a little attenuated, 3rd
only half as long, sometimes less, very slender and sublanceo-
late {4 a).
Head small, clothed loith broad depressed scales (7 front view, 7* the
profile) : eyes lateral, suborbicular, not very remote beneath. Thorax
ovate, scales depressed. Abdomen linear, obtuse in the male, conical
and acuminated at the apex in the female ; oviduct horny and ex-
serted. Wings very much deflexed in repose, superior long, narrow,
lanceolate, often falcated and acute, the cilia very long, and extend-
ing round the apex and towards the base of the interior margin :
inferior much smaller, narrow, lanceolate and very acute, cilia very
long and extending along the costa nearly to the base. Legs slender,
posterior the longest : tibiae, anterior not very short, simple, the
others with spurs at the apex, hinder fringed with long hairs outside,
with a pair of spurs also above the apex : tarsi 5-jointed ; claws and
pulvilli minute. (5t, hind leg). Larvae ivith 6 pectoral feet, living
in a case (L), in which they change to Pupse that have the portion
covering the wings extending considerably over the apex.

AhBicosT A Haw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1016. 2.

White; antennae spotted with black ; eyes black; anterior vrings
acute and a little sithe-shaped, ochreous, brownish towards
the apex, with a narrow white margin, a white line from the
base to the posterior margin, and one above It on the disc not
reaching the base ; inferior wings pale shining cinereous, cilia
darker, pale yellowish fuscous ; abdomen dirty-white, legs yel-
lowish-white, inclining to fuscous in some lights.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

These little Moths are similar in their oeconomy to Coc/ileo-
pliasia (fol. 487.)' The Caterpillars form cases, in which they
live, and walk about with them, often in a vertical direction,
and they afterwards become the cocoons of the pupse. The
larvae feed upon the parenchyma of leaves. The Moths rest

with their antennae stretched out and closely united, hke many
of the Phryganidae.

There seems to be little to distinguish this group from Da-
mophila (fol. 391.)j excepting the metallic hues of the latter.
It is true that the antennae are not thickened in the males, ex-
cepting the basal joint, the palpi are less recurved and the
maxillae are somewhat longer in Porrectaria, but these are
modified in the various species. I fear Mr. Haworth was not
careful in his references to Hiibner, which has probably misled
Mr. Wood, as his figures do not agree with those of the
Schmetterlinge. The following are British species.

1. argentula Steph. III. 4. 287. U.

" June, Coomb and Darent Woods."

2. leucapennella Hiib. Tin. tab. ZO.f. 205. not of Stephens.

3. albicosta Haw. 535. 7. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 687. ? .
Middle of June and beginning of July, on nettles and bram-
bles, Darent Wood and Westerham ; Settle, Yorkshire, J. C.

4. lineolea Haiso. 534. 5.

June, grassy banks and heaths, Shirly Common ; Coomb
and Darent Woods.

5. lutarea Hatso. 5<il. 20.

6. gryphipennella Hiib. tab. SO.f. 206. not of Wood.
Grassy banks.

7. Gallipennella Hub. t. 29. / 202. not of Stephens nor of
Wood.

Grassy banks. Larva on Erica vulgaris and Artemisia cam-
pestris.

8. ochrea Hati\ 533. 1. — ochrodactylus Fab.'i
" June, Darent Wood."

9. ornatipennella Hub. t. '2,9./. 199.
June, Darent and Birch Woods.

10. Struthionipennella Hiib. t. 30./ 209.

"June, Darent Wood, near Dover and Lyndhurst:" the
larva feeds on Hieracium pilosella.

11. Otidipennella Hiib. t. 65./. 433. not of Wood.
June, Darent Wood, and near Lyndhurst.

12. Anseripennella Hiib. t. 46./ 319.

June, in the neighbourhood of London and Lyndhurst.

13. Anatipennella Hiib. t. 27./ 186. — porrectella Linn.
June, gardens near London; old shady pales Shooter's

Hill ; July, birch, Darent and Coomb Woods : the larva feeds
on the beech.

The Plant is Medicago sativa, Lucerne or Purple Medick.

c5p/

<~yu,t(y c//£:«^ ■ c%A- /.-fyd^.

1- Jl 32.

391.

DAMOPHILA TRIFOLII.

The Trefoil thick -horned Tinea.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea spissicornis Haw.
Damophila Curt. — Porrectaria Haw,

AntenncE inserted above the eyes on each side the head, slender,
somewhat setaceous, composed of numerous joints clothed with
broad scales nearly to the middle, the basal joint appearing veiy
much dilated, the following gradually tapering (1).
Maxillce a little longer than the palpi, spiral, attenuated, clothed
with scales at the base (3).

Labial Palpi longer than the head, slightly curved upwards,
slender, clothed with close metallic scales, triarticulate, basal
joint long, subclavate, 2nd very long and linear, 3rd shorter and
pointed (4 and 4 a).
Head S7nall subglobose clothed with broad depressed scales. Eyes lateral
rather prominent, slightly and obliquely ovate (7 and 7*). Thorax
ovate. Wings very long and lanceolate folded cylindrically when at
rest, inferior very narrow : cilia exceedingly long, surrounding the
iriferior wings. Abdomen slender, tufted at the apex in the males.
Legs long and slender: coxsg, anterior long: thighs of equal length:
tibiae j anterior as long as the thigh, with a minute internal notch
near the apex, intermediate spurred at the apex as well as the pos-
terior, which are longer, stouter, and furnished with a pair of spurs
below the middle : tarsi 5-jointed, anterior rather the longest, basal
joint very long, 4th and 5th the shortest: claws minute (8 a fore
leg).

Tripoli I Curtis' s Guide, Gen. 1017. 1.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author.

The singular horns of these insects like those o^ Lepidocera
(plate 34^4) are clothed with scales at the base, but much finer;
this alone will distinguish them from any others that are allied
to them, and of those genera already illustrated in this Work,

Damophila approaches nearest to Pancalia (pi. 304-) and Gly-
phipteryx (pi. 152).

The two following are the only species that have been dis-
covered, and not any notice appears to have been taken of
them at present by continental writers.

1. D. Trifolii Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 391.

Shining metallic golden green : tips of the antennae
white ; abdomen shining, slate-black ; superior wings
with the costa and tips cupreous ; inferior as well as
the cilia pale black.
I presume this pretty moth is the Trifolii of Stephens's Ca-
talogue, but that is immaterial, as his insect is not character-
ized, and this is certainly attached to the Trefoil as observed
by my friend Mr. Dale, who says in a letter to me, " I took
this Tinea July 1 1th and 14th 1831, on trefoil flowers near the
shore in the Isle of Portland and at Charmouth in Dorset-
shire, they were tolerably plentiful but very few perfect. It
rained fast at the latter place when I found them settled on the
flowers, yet some did not seem to be hurt by the wet; they
were, however, sleepy or sluggish."

2. D. spissicornis (the thick-horn'd green) Hanso. Lep. Brit.

p. 537. n. 23.

Half the size only of Z). Trifolii. Golden or coppery
green; middle of the antennae spotted black and
white, the apex entirely white : abdomen and inferior
wings blackish with a cupreous tint; cilia pale black.
The female of this insect has the antennas less robust at the
base, I believe, than the male.

Mr. Dale finds this species on rushes in a boggy place by a
copse near Glanvilles Wootton, Dorset, he believes at the end
of May ; I have received it also from Cobham, in Surrey.

The Plant represented in the Plate is Prenanthes miiralis
(Wall Prenanthes).

50j

4a 4

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304.

PANCALIA WOODIELLA.

The Manchester Tinea.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae Leach.
Type of the Genus, Tinea Leuwenhoekella Linn.

Pancalia S^ep.— Tinea Linn., Fab., Hub., Faw).— Porrectaria ^
Gracillaria Haw.

Antenna alike in both sexes, inserted close to the eyes on the
crown of the head, considerably shorter than the wings, slightly
setaceous, composed of numerous joints covered with scales, the
basal joint long and subclavate (I).

MaxillcB nearly twice as long as the palpi, slender and spiral,
clothed externally at the base with scales (3).
Labial Palpi longer than the head and recurved (7 a, 4), divari-
cating (7, 4), clothed with flat metallic scales, triarticulate, basal
joint rather short subclavate, 2nd long and curved, 3rd a little
longer, slender and setaceous (4 a).
Head short, subglobose, clothed with broad depressed metallic scales (7),
Eyes small, subovate and lateral (7 a, the head in profile). Thorax
clothed with broad depressed scales. Wings nearly horizontal and
incumbent when at rest, superior linear-lanceolate, producing longish
cilia, inferior smaller and lanceolate, furnished with long cilia. Legs
robust, posterior pair the longest. Thighs very short. Tibise ; an-
terior with an internal spine, the others spurred, the posterior having
2 spurs at the middle also, and a small pencil of hairs at the apex,
opposite to the spurs, which are unequal in length. Tarsi 6 -jointed.
Claws very minute (8 f , a hind leg).
Caterpillars «;i//i 16 ? feet.

WoODIELLA Nob.

Female. Glossy black. Antennae with the basal joint beneath
pale. Palpi ochreous. Head, thorax and abdomen with a slight
reddish tinge. Superior wings bright orange above, a mark at
the base clubbed at both ends, and a semifusiform one on the
costa beyond the middle, black, metallic in the middle like steel ;
a line at the basal angle, a large square spot on the inferior mar-
gin, and a sinuated fimbria, black tinged with purple. Inferior
wings reddish orange, freckled with black. Cilia yellowish black.
Beneath reddish orange freckled with dull black. Co.xk whitish.
Legs broken off.

Li the Author's Cabinet.

It is almost unnecessary to observe, that in order to ascertain
an estabhshed genus, it is requisite to peruse the characters,
and not depend entirely upon a name : indeed it is frequently
necessary to go further, and to trace a genus to its origin to
avoid error. Had Mr. Stephens taken this trouble, he would

not have superseded the generic name Glyphipteryx, nor have
given to Latreille's true CEcophora the title of Dasycera.

Latreille established the genus CEcophora in his " Histoire
Natiirelle" and expressly says, the types are the Tinea sulphu-
rella and Oliviella of Fabricius, and thus characterizes them :
" Two very long palpi ; 2nd articulation more clothed with
scales than the others ; the last of the same length, almost
conical and naked."

It is true that the same author, to avoid creating Genera in
this Order, has in his " Genera Cn/stec^or?<w" enumerated eight
Tineae as exam})les; but the character which he there gives,
" Palpi recurved beyond the head" will at once exclude our
Glyphipteryx, which has drooping Palpi: and in his last work,
" Families Naturelles" he says of CEcophora, " Labial palpi
much longer than the head, and thrown backward as far as the
top of the thorax."

The following are British species of Pancalia.

1. P. Woodiella Curt. Brit. Ent. 304. — The only specimen
I have seen of this beautiful Moth, which is larger than the
others, is a female; it was taken on Kersall-moor the middle
of last June by Mr. R. Wood, of Manchester, to whom I
have the pleasure of dedicating it; — a most zealous and suc-
cessful naturalist, to whose liberality I am indebted for this
and many other valuable insects.

2. P. Latreillella Cwr//s. — Fuscous, superior wings ochreous
orange, with 7 embossed silver spots on each. This species is
distinguished from the following by its considerably larger size,
the antennae are entirely fuscous, the orange of the superior
wings is rather of a different tint, and the silver spots towards
the apex are not of the same form. — I forget its locality.

3. P. Leuwenhoekella Linn. — Haw. 574. 47. — Taken by
Mr. Dale, the 1st of June, near Bristol; it was abundant
amongst grass and fern near Ambleside, and I met with it last
May, in a wood near Kimpton.

4. P. Merianella Linn.— Haw. 531. 17.— Micella Hub.,
Tin. 31. 210.— Reaum.? 1. p. 11. f. 12.— The Caterpillars
feed on the Plum and Bird-Cherry. The Moth is very com-
mon amongst Heath, at Ramsdown, Hants, the end of Au-
gust, and in other parts of the same county.

5. P. fusco-aenea Llaw. 537. 21. — " (The Brown-brassy).
7 lines broad. Anterior wings fuscous-aeneous, shining, of a
coppery tint. Posterior linear-subulate, black, shining." Haw.

6. P. fusco-cuprea Hax^o. 537. 22. — " (The Brown-copper).
5\ lines broad. Anterior wings fuscous-cupreous, imma-
culate. Very much like the preceding but smaller, wings
broader in proportion to the size ; posterior fuscous shining."
Haw. — Mr. Stephens includes these two insects in his genus
Pancalia, but I have had no opportunity to examine them.

The plant is Clinopodium mdgare (Wild Basil).

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152.
GLYPHIPTERYX LINNEELLA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae Leach. Tineites Lot.

Type of the Genus Phalgena Linneella Clerck.

Glyphipteryx Nob. — CEcophora Lett. — Tinea Fab. — Phalaena
(Tinea) Linn.

Jntennce capillary, alike in both sexes, inserted close to the eyes
on the cro\yn of the head, as long as the wings, composed of
numerous joints covered with scales, the basal joint long, nearly
naked and subclavate (fig. 1, a few joints magnified).
MaxUlcB not much longer than the palpi, attenuated, robust and
covered with scales at the base (3, 3).

Labial Palpi drooping and diverging outward (4, 4), longer than

the head, slender, slightly curved, and sparingly clothed with

small scales, 3-jointed, basal joint clavate, 2nd long linear, 3rd

nearly as long attenuated (4 a).

Head obovate viewed in front, the cltjpeus being somewhat produced (7),

covered with close, broad, shining imbricated scales. Eyes small

(7 a, the head in profile). Wings subdefiexed when at rest, superior

linear-lanceolate embossed, the posterior margin not defined producing

very long hairy scales from the surface, forming the cilia : inferior

lanceolate, surrounded by very long cilia. Legs, posterior pair the

longest. Thighs very short. Tibise, anterior with an internal spine,

the remainder spurred, the posterior having 2 spurs towards the base

and producing some long hairs on the outside. Tarsi 5 -jointed.

Claws minute (Sf, a hind leg).

Caterpillars witli 14 feet. Fab. Pupae naked. Fab.

Linneella Clerck, tab. 12. f 8. — Linn. Faun. Suec. 1408.

Head thorax and abdomen very glossy, dull and pale violaceous.
Antennse black, white at their apex. Palpi and legs fuscous
variegated with yellowish white. Superior wings bright orange,
black at the base and apex where it is metallic ; a line on the
costa interrupted in the middle, a small spot near the base and
3 embossed spots forming a triangle in the middle of each wing
burnished silver, the latter black beneath. Inferior wings black-
ish violet, with a yellow cast. Cilia blackish.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The long palpi, which form so strong a feature in the Tineidce,
are so constantly either porrected or recurved over the head,
that the drooping attitude of the species under investigation,
cannot fail to strike a close observer of these little msects ; and
if we had not had the opportunity of examining a considerable
number, we should have concluded that it was merely acci-
dental : the perfect smoothness of the head and its peculiar
form, the smallness of the eyes, and the robust and scaly base
of the proboscis, are also by no means universal characters.
From the beautiful elevated metallic spots upon the wings,
which are composed as in Peronea, of bundles of longer scales
than those covering the rest of the surface, they have an em-
bossed appearance, for which reason the name GlypJiipteryx
has been assigned to them.

From oar insect answering Linnaeus's description so well,
there can be little doubt that it is the Phalcena Linneella of
Clerck, who figured and named it after the illustrious Swede.
Although small it is extremely beautiful, and is considered by
collectors a valuable acquisition ; indeed it existed in very few
cabinets until my friend Mr. Charles Fox detected a con-
siderable number upon the trunks of willow-trees, last July,
near the banks of the Thames, and liberally supplied me with
very fine specimens.

Phalcena ( Tinea) SclKefferella Linn. ; and Do7i. Brit. Ins.
V. 5. pi. 1 75, belongs to our genus. This pretty insect we once
met with in abundance upon the Tansy ( Tanacetum vulgare),
and Mr. Donovan found it in May upon the same plant.
Linnaeus says it feeds upon the leaves of a Fagus.

Not having specimens of P. Rcesella Linn. (Clerck, tab. 12.
J". 13.), we cannot be positive, although there is little doubt that
it belongs to our genus : Linnaeus says that the caterpillars
feed upon the parenchyma of the leaves of apple-trees. The
larvae are all probably subcutaneous feeders, as well as those
of the large group, which we shall call Argyromiges, containing
TinecE Gcedai^tella, semiargentella, Cramerella^ Rayella, &c.

The plant figured is Geranium Robertianum (Herb Robert).

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284.
ARGYROMIGES AUTUMNELLA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae Leach.
Tineites ILat.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Rayella Linn.

Argyromiges Nob. — Argyromis Ste. — Tinea Linn., Fah., Haw., &c.
AntenncE capillary, alike in both sexes, inserted on each side the
crown of the head, as long as the wings and bent back beneath
them when in repose, composed of numerous subquadrate joints
covered with scales, the basal joint being stout (1).
Maxilla spiral flat broad and short, not more than twice as long
as the Palpi (3).

Labial Palpi drooping and bent under the thorax, slightly diva-
ricating, nearly straight, not longer than the head, completely
covered with scales (4) j triarticulate ? basal joint minute, 2nd
short, subturbinate, 3rd the longest compressed and membra-
nous (4 a).
Head dejiexed, subglobose, covered with porrected scales on the crown
forming a tuft, those on the clypeus being close and imbricated. Eyes
small lateral (7 & 7*). Wings 3 superior linear, sublanceolate,
parallel, meeting over the back and appearing cylindrical when at
rest, ciliated at the apex and on the interior margin, where the cilia
are very long : inferior slender linear producing very long cilia.
Abdomen slender, tufted at the apex in the males, and acuminated
in the females. Legs ; anterior the shortest, with an internal spine
on the tibia, the others spurred, the posterior tibia: being longer and
producing a pair of spurs towards the base, one of vjhich is very long
(8t). Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws minute.
Caterpillars witli 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupse in-
closed in a cocoon.
Obs. The dissections were made and the characters taken from the
species figured.

AuTUMNELLA Nob.

Yellowish white, sometimes silvery white. Superior wings with
a large irregular and long yellowish brown spot towards the ex-
tremity, with 4 blackish triangular marks on the costa and an
intensely black dot at the apex, below which is a small spot and
a black ray : inferior wings shining fuscous, the cilia blackish,
iridescent. Body lead colour, palest at the margins. Legs fus-
cous, silvery beneath.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The short straight palpi, long antennae, and narrow wings,
are the best characters to distinguish the genus Argyromiges,
a name which I have assigned to them from the species being

frequently spotted with silver. The following are said to be
British.

1. Blancardella Fab. Haw. — End of May, hedges.

2. Schreberella Fab. Haw. — Hedges near London, b. May.

3. Cydoniella Fab. Haw.— Hub.? pi. 39./. 271.— On Pyrus Cy-

donia, &c.

4. Klemannella Fab. Haw. — Hiib. pi. 29. /. 201. — e. May, hedges.

Coomb-wood.

5. Mespilella Hub. pi. 39. f. 272.— Haw.— e. May, hedges.

6. Rajella Lmw. ?— Rayella Hub. pi. 29. f. 200.— e. April and May,

hedges.

7. tristrigella Haw. — e. May, Coomb-wood.

8. trifasciella Haw. — Lyonetella Linn. ? — e. May, hedges. Coomb-

wood.

9. Harrisella Linn. — e. May and June, skirts of woods.

10. Cramerella Fat.— Prunifoliella Hiib. pi. 28. /. 191.— Bonnetella

Linn. ? — The larvae are found on oak leaves in November ;
they feed on the parenchyma, forming a cocoon, between the
plates of the leaf, surrounded by their excrement, which in-
flates the leaf, and when ready to hatch, the chrysalis works
its way through the plate of the leaf beneath, and the moth
escapes : this happens in May and June.

11. Spartifoliella Hub. pi. 49. f. 335.— punctaurella Haw. 578. 63.—

Broom fields, Coomb-wood, June ; and near Dunkeld, m. July.

12. hortella Haw.— Cramerella Don? l\. pi. 392. f. 1.— e. May,

skirts of woods.

13. Ulmifoliella Hub. pi. 66. /. 444. — I have taken one specimen of

this insect.

14. sylvella Haw.— Blancardella Don? 11. pi. 392. /. 2.— e. May,

woods.

15. cuculipenella Haw. — Coomb-wood. Hiibner's fig. 192. pi. 28.

represents, I suspect, a Gracillaria.

16. autumnella Curtis Brit. Ent. pi. 284. — For the history of this

elegant little moth I am indebted to a lady, who informs me
that she found the larvae, pupae, and imago at the same time.
The caterpillars were observed the end of September and be-
ginning of October upon elm leaves ; they fastened themselves
by their hinder feet, and curved their bodies to walk as repre-
sented in the plate ; they eventually attached a cocoon to the
back of the leaf, by eight threads, four from each end, four
being fastened to the leaf, and four to two parallel threads, so
as to be suspended like a hammock ; and in two or three days
after, the moths emerged. Mr. Dale has taken specimens at
Glanvilles Wootton, on apple-trees, and others have been
found in the New Forest. The uncoloured figure shows the
natural size of the larva, the coloured one and the cocoon
being equally magnified.

17. Corylifoliella Hub. pi. 28. / 194.— May and June, hedges.

Coomb-wood.

18. Alnifoliella Hub. pi. 23. f. 193.

1 9. obscurella Steph.

20. rufipunctella Haw. — e. May, white-thorn, Kent.

The plant is Polygonum Persicaria (Spotted Snakeweed).

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719.

EDERESA SEMITESTACELLA.

The testaceous White-back.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Pruniella Linn.

Ederesa Curt. — Erminea Haw. — CEcophora Och. — Tinea Linn.,
Hub.

AntenncB inserted on each side of the crown, over the eyes, as
long as the body and very slender, composed of numerous elon-
gated joints, attenuated at the base, each clothed above with 2
series of scales and hairy beneath, especially at the base of each
joint, the 1st longer stouter curved and scaly (1).
Maxilla shorter than the antennae, spiral, very slender and naked
at the base (3).

Labial palpi more or less drooping, divaricating, slender, as long
or longer than the head, clothed with short scales, triarticulate,
basal joint a little clavate and curved, 2nd longer, nearly linear,
3rd nearly as long and stout, rounded at the apex (4 8( 4 a).
Head small with a large tuft of upright hairs covering the crown ; face
shining, with broad depressed scales (7 8f7*): eyes small and orbi-
cular. Thorax small. Abdomen rather short, apex obtuse in the
male, conical in the female. Wings long and narrow, very much
deflexed, almost cylindric in repose: superior elliptic-lanceolate,
costa arched ; cilia very long and extending round the apex where it
is short : inferior very narrow and perfectly lanceolate ; cilia very
long, extending all round. Legs, hinder the longest : thighs short :
tibiae, anterior short, the others with long unequal spurs at the apex,
hinder long and stoutish, with a long unequal pair also considerably
above the middle: tarsi long, 5 -jointed, basal Joint long, apical one
short (8t). The dissections were drawn from T. curvella Linn.

Semitestacella Curt. Guide, Gen. 1027. 8.

Silky testaceous ; palpi, crown of head and antennae white, the
latter spotted with black : superior wings fulvous, slightly
mottled, with a delicate violaceous bloom, 3 whitish spots on
the costa near the apex, and a flame-shaped stripe of the same
colour on the inferior margin, not extending beyond the middle :
inferior wings pale plumbeous, cilia yellowish fuscous, yellowish
at the apex of the superior wings with two fuscous curved lines ;
tibiae and tarsi spotted above with brown.
Tn the Author s Cabinet.

From my genus Argyromiges (pi. 284) this group is separated
hy its short antennae and broader wings, as well as by the
proportions of the palpi and spurs, whicii are different ; but I

find that Argyrosetia has nothing more than the metallic co-
lour of the superior wings to distinguish it from Ederesa. I
expect the larvae have 16 feet, but whether they are subcuta-
neous or live in leaves, rolled up by themselves, I am not able
to say; if Stewart be correct, the caterpillar of E. Pruniella
" harbours in the flowers of the cherry, and having destroyed
the part of fructification, it connects them with a thread; it is
of a whitish-green colour ; the head and first segment of the
body brown and shining." The following are our species.

1. Clematella Fab.— Wood, pi. 42./ 1303. — repandella Hiib,

pi. 37./ 256.
The caterpillar feeds on the Clematis, the moth occurs at
Darent the beginning of July.

2. curvella Linn. — Wood,/. 1302. — curva Hanso. p. 516. 14.
June and July in osier holts and in gardens near willows.

3. ossea Hmz. — Wood^f. 1304.—/ 1306 is another genus.
June and July, woods near Dover.

5. ocellea Step. III. — 4. subocellea Ste. var. P
June, Darent Wood.

6. tetrapodella Linn.P

June, in gardens near London.

7. Pruniella Li7i7i. — Wood, Jl 1298. — Pruni Haw. — Ephip-

pella Fab.
Common in gardens and hedges in June and July.

10. albistria Haiv. — Wood, 1299.

June, hedges and woods, Coomb and Darent.

11. mendiceWa Hiib. pl. 26./ 179, not Wood's/. 1296.
Hedges, Epping Forest.

12. semifusca Haw. — Wood,/. 1300. — Pruniella Don. 2. 58. 1.

c^59. 2.
End of June and July, Highgate, Cambridgeshire, and
Wrentham, Suffolk.

8. semitestacella Curi. B. E. pl. 719 ?. — 9. semipurpurella

Curt. var.

These insects I described in the Ent. Mag. several years
since; they were taken in the New Forest by Mr. C. Lyell.
Wood's fig. 1301 is a totally different species, which appears
to belong to another group: his fig. 1300 does not represent
my variety, which has the upper wings castaneous and grey,
instead of fulvous.

Melittis Melissophyllum, var. grandijlora. Purple and white
Bastard Balm, from W^estwood, near Netley Abbey, was
communicated by Dr. Bromfield.

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412.

*YPONOMEUTA ECHIELLA.
#*YPONOMEUTA PUSIELLA.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.
Type of the Genus, Tinea pusiella Linn.
Yponomeuta Lot., Sain. — Erminea Haw., Curt. — Tinea LJwn., Fab,,
Hub. — Coenyphantes Hub.

Antenna simple, alike in both sexes, rather short and setaceous,
inserted close to the eyes on each side of the head, composed of
numerous short joints, clothed with scales above, pubescent be-
neath (1),

MaxillcE robust and spiral, not longer than the palpi, clothed ex-
ternally with scales at the base (3).

Labial Palpi long slender and curved upward, slightly divarica-
ting, clothed with short scales, triarticulate, basal joint subclavate,
2nd curved and very long, 3rd shorter, but longer than the 1st
joint, very slender, tapering and acute (4 and 4 a).
Head rather small, the crown thickly clothed with erect scales : eyes
lateral, prominent and orbicular (7 front view; 7* profile of the
head). Thorax smooth. Wwgs rolled or convoluted when at rest,
long, linear-lanceolate ; inferior ample. Abdomen rather short and
conical in the female. Legs, anterior rather short. Tibia;, anterior
short, with an internal spine, the others sjmrred at the apex, posterior
with a pair of spurs above the middle, clothed externally with hairy
scales. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest {8 f , hind leg) .
Caterpillars with 6 pectoral 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae in-
closed in a cocoon or web.

EcHiELLA Hub, — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1029. 9.

Cream-colour, antennae face and palpi, excepting the base and
the 3rd joint, black : thorax bearing 6 black spots : superior
wings with the costal half mouse-colour, excepting the tip, the
central margin deeply sinuated and lobed ; base of the cilia bear-
ing i 1 black dots and a spot on the apex mouse-colour : inferior
wings slightly tinted with yellow, the apex cinereous ; abdomen
and posterior legs orange.

Pusiella Linn. Syst, Nat. 2. 884, 347.— Curt. Guide, 1029. 8.

Pale cream-colour, antennae, base of palpi and base of 3rd joint
black ; a circle round the eyes and 6 spots on the thorax black,
the posterior one double : anterior wings with a very irregular
sinuated black stripe along the middle, with 3 black spots near
the base, 2 towards the apex and a large one on the costaj
1 1 black dots along the base of the cilia and a faint black one at
the apex : inferior wings satiny-white, the superior portion more
or less fuscous, with a few spots along the margin at the apex :
abdomen of the female with 4 black spots on the apical joint.
In the Cabinet of the British Museum.

The similar appearance of Eulepia cribrum (pi. 56.) and of
the group now under consideration, has led Latreille and other
authors to connect the Bombycidae and Tineidse at this point;
but on comparing the essential generic characters I think no
affinity can be established: I shall therefore include the genera
of my Guide from 821 to 827, and perhaps 828 and 829 in
the family Lithosiidae.

The names in my Guide of genera 1028 and 1029 must be
transposed, for M. Latreille gave T. evonymella^ padella and
echiella as types of Yponomeuta, and Mr. Haworth having
included both my genera in his group Erminea, this name
may be retained for my genus 1028, which is preferable to
giving it a new name.

The following are British species, and the 5 or 6 first live
in society in a web in the larva state.

1. Y. plumbella Fab. — Hiib. — Tin. 13. 86. — End of August,

hedges, Kent. Baylam Pond and Enborne, July
12th, J. C. Dale, Esq.

2. Y. padella Linji. — Hub. 13. 87. — Evonymella Z)o7Z. 1. 9. —

rorella Hiib. 34. 234.? — End of July, hedges and
gardens.

3. Y. Cagnatella Hiib. 58. 391 and 392. — rorea Haw.., a va-

riety of Y. padella probably.

4. Y. irrorella Hiib. 14. 93. — Found in Surrey, but rare.

5. Y. Evonymella Linn. — Don. 10.355. 4. — Caterpillars feed

on the Spindle Tree, Bird Cherry, &c. The moths
are found in June and August, in hedges and gardens.

6. Y. dodecea Haw. 514. 6. — decemguttella Hiib. 44. 303. It

has been taken at Coombe. The Caterpillars were
said to have been found in the young shoots of Scotch
Fir-trees.

7. Y. funerella Hiib. 13. 85. — Goda, pi. 44. 5. — I have a spe-

cimen of this rare moth from Mr. Plastead's cabinet,
and I took another at Fontainebleau 22nd July 1830.
Taken also at Clifton near Bristol, by Capt. Blomer.

8. Y. pusiella Linn. — Cwt. Brit. Ent. pi. 1:12** fern. — Litho-

spermella Hiib.
The specimens in the British Museum of this and the fol-
lowing species are stated to have been bred or taken at Dover.
The eggs, cocoon and larva in our Plate are copied from
Hiibner.

9. Y. Echiella Hiib.— Curt. B. E. pi. 412*/m.— bipunctella

Fab.
This species appears in summer, and the Caterpillar feeds
upon the Viper-grass [Echium vulgar e).

The plant is Lithospermum officinale (Common Gromwell),
on which the larvae of Y. pusiella feed.

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420.

CEROSTOMA ANNULATELLA.

The ringed diamond-back.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Tijpe of the Genus, Tinea Xylostella Linn.
Cebostoma Lat. — Alucita Lat. — Ypsolophus Fab., Haw. — Tinea
Linn., Hub.

AntenncB porrected in a line with the body when at rest, inserted
on each side the head near to the eyes, rather long and slender,
thickened towards the base, densely clothed with scales above ( 1 ) .
MaxilloE shorter than the antennae, slender and spiral (3). Palpi
minute, acute and porrected upward.

Labial Palpi rather long, curved upward and parallel, basal joint

the shortest, 2nd densely clothed with long scales, projecting

from the underside and apex and forming a long thick brush (4).

3rd joint the longest, very slender and clothed with minute scales

(4 a).

Head tufted or clothed on the crown with somewhat upright scales (7).

Eyes lateral subglobose (7 *) . Wings very much defiexed and turned

up at the apex when at rest ; superior long, narrow and lanceolate ;

hferior lanceolate and deephj ciliated. Abdomen much shorter than

the wings, linear in the males, ventricose in the females, slightly

tufted. Legs slender, anterior the shortest. Thighs, posterior very

short. Tibiae, anterior with an internal spine, the others spurred at

the apex, the posterior very long clothed only ivith short scales and

having a pair of spurs near the middle (8 t)- Tarsi 5-jointed, basal

joint long. Claws minute.

Larvae subfusiform with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and2 anal feet. Roesel,

Pupee inclosed in a web.

Annulatella Curtis's Guide, Gen. 1031. 2.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Wailes and the Author.

The narrow wings of this httle group and the less developed
maxillary palpi will distinguish it from the Ypsolophi; to which
it is so nearly allied, that it is perhaps scarcely worth separa-
ting them. I have however applied Latreille's name, which is
equally applicable to both ; and if the true Ypsolophi do not
porrect their antennae as these do when at rest, there is good
reason to divide them. The genus of C. hesperidella depends
on this character, for it is in every other respect an interme-
diate form.

As I shall most probably not illustrate Ypsolophus, I shall
here give the species, &c.

1. Y. mucronellus Hub. Tin. pi. 15. Jl 99. — July, Darent,

Messrs. Chant and Bentley, Aug. Sept. Coomb Wood.

2. Y. sylvellus Hub. 63. 420. — Persicellus Ha'-d\ not of Hub.

— bifasciatus Haw. — Nemorum Fab. — Middle of
June and September.

3. Y. variellus Hiib. 16. 106. — 5-punctatus, lutosus, and fla-

viciliatus Haiso. vars. — End of July, Birch-wood,
J. C. — Beginning of September, Devon.

4. Y. rufimitrellus Hiib. 18. 124.

5. Y. fissellus Hiib. 16. 108.

6. Y. radiatellus Do7i. 3. pi. 77. 3. & 4. — Beginning of Au-

gust, middle of October, Apple-trees, Glanville's
Wootton, J. C. Dale, Esq.

7. Y. costellus Hiib. 16. 107. — ochroleucus, ermineus, and

ustulatus Haw. vars. — End of August, beginning of
September, in Oak-woods, Devon.

8. Y. maurellus Hiib. 18. 122?

9. Y. vittellusZ/. — Hub. 51. 349. — dorsatus? Lat.Gen. Crust.

4. 233. j-;/. 16./. 6.— Trunks of Elms, Kensington
Gardens.
10. Y. sequellus Li7in. — Hiib. 15. 103. — End of August,
hedges, Westerham, Kent, but rare.

CEROSTOMA.

1. Hesperidella Hiib. 25. 169. — vittatus F. — In gardens the

whole of June, end of August and beginning of October,
Wrentham, Suffolk; Lyndhurst, Hants; and Lisson
Grove. J. C.

2. annulatella Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 420.

Whitish ochre, base of palpi brown, each joint of the antennae
annulated with brown ; eyes black ; shoulders brown : superior
wings variegated and spotted with brown, leaving a pale space
along the inferior margin on which is a row of dots, the in-
ternal edge is indented, and forms a fiddle-shaped mark when
the wings are closed ; on the costa towards the base is a double
row of dots, and beyond them 4 lai'ge brown spots, the pos-
terior margin is brown, and the cilia variegated with the same
colour : inferior wings cinereous, cilia brownish ochre : tibiae
and tarsi annulated with brown and ochre.

I first discovered this insect, which varies very much in co-
lour, in Scotland in August; and it has been since taken on the
sea-coast at Tynemouth, Northumberland, by G. Wailes, E3(|.

3. maculipennis Curt. Guide, No. 3.

The size of C. Xylostclla : dirty ochre, superior wings
freckled with brown, inferior margin dark brown with 3 large
ochreous spots, one towards the base, another at the centre,
and a 3rd near the posterior angle. August, Scotland ; and
middle of September in a field at Heron Court, Hants.

4. Xylostella Z/.— i/M^>. 17. 119.— Roesel 1. /. 10.— End of

June, London; middle of July, Dover; August, Scotland,
on Honey-suckles and Wall-flowers ; middle of Oc-
tober, Turnip-fields, Southchurch, Essex.

The Plant is Rammculus aurt'comus (Goldilocks, or Wood
Crowfoot).

6jq

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679.

ACROLEPIA BETULELLA.

The Durham Tinea.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Acrolepia autumnitella Curt.

AcEOLEPiA Curt.

Antenna inserted in front of the head, close to the eyes, remote,
rather short and capillary, not so long as the body, composed of
numerous joints clothed with scales above (1), basal joint stout
and ovate.

Maxilla nearly as long as the antennae, very slender and spiral,
without tentacula at the apex (3). Palpi distinct (7 #«), in-
curved, slightly scaly, rather short, slender and triarticulate,
basal joint obovate, 2nd subglobose, 3rd long, slender, subfusi-
form, the apex producing a pencil of scales (3 a).
Labial palpi long, divaricating and recurved, clothed with short
scales, tapering and triarticulate, basal joint elongate-clavate,
2nd longer and linear, 3rd very long, slightly curved and taper-
ing to a point (4 and 4 a) .
Head small and globose, covered with broad depressed scales with a few
coarse hairy ones at the back of the head {1 front view, 7 # the pro-
file) : eyes hemispherical, neither large nor jjrominent. Thorax
small. Abdomen slender, not short, tapering, a little tufted at the
apex in the males. Wings very much deflexed in repose (N), with
the apex raised, superior elongated, sublinear, the apex rounded ;
cilia short and regular : inferior lanceolate, nearly as broad as the
superior ; cilia long. Thighs short : tibiae, anterior with a long
slender internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, hinder loiig,
clothed only with short scales, loith a pair of spurs also above the
middle, one of them very long (8 \) : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long :
claws and pulvilli minute.
Larvae and metamorphoses unknown.

Betulella Curt. — Gen. 1031^.

Ochreous-brown ; antennae white spotted with black ; palpi
whitish, fuscous outside ; head and thorax subferruginous ; su-
perior wings slightly clouded, with a few indistinct pale spots
on the costa, sparingly freckled with black and whitish dots,
interior margin with several minute cream-coloured dots with
dark margins, and a large somewhat ovate or trigonate cream-
coloured spot at the centre, margined with black and bearing 1
or 2 black lines ; cilia ferruginous, with a yellowish spot above
the middle ; inferior wings grey, the cilia with an ochreous tinge :
abdomen and legs fuscous, the latter spotted with yellowish
white.

In the Cabinet of Mr. Dale.

Although these little moths are allied to the genuine Tinese,
the form and short cilia of the superior wings give thetn in
repose a considerable resemblance to some few of the Tortri-
cidae; the shape however of the inferior wings, the slender and
recurved labial palpi, and the well-developed maxillary palpi,
at once indicate the tribe to which they belong. The natural
affinity of this group seems to be the restricted genus Tinea
(fol. 511), from which it is readily distinguished by its smooth
scaly head, from whence I have given it the generic name of
Acrolepia. These moths are not included in my Guide*,
where they will range either before Eiiplocamus or after Tinea.

1. A. autumnitella Curt.

Ochreous-brown ; antennae black with white rings ; head

and thorax with a purplish lustre; superior wings mottled

with brown, a large semiovate blackish spot at the middle

of the costa, an elongated one towards the posterior margin

and numerous black dots over the whole surface as well as

scattered white scales; a trigonate cream-coloured spot at

the middle of the interior margin, and one or two lines of

the same nearer the base, all broken by brown dots : cilia

ochreous at the base, with a yellowish spot at the middle :

abdomen and inferior wings fuscous, the wings pale at the

base, the legs darker with whitish spots.

This moth first attracted my notice on the window of a

garden-house at Glanville's Wootton in October, and I have

since met with it there in November; Mr. Dale finds it also in

his garden, where it has appeared as early as the middle of

August.

2. Betulatella Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 679. c?.

This species Mr. Dale discovered the beginning of last Au-
gust on Birch trees at Castle Eden Dene.

The Plant is Orchis tephrosanthos, Monkey Orchis, from
Hartlock Wood, for which I am indebted to the Rev. P. Han-
sell of Oxford.

* Having stated in a note to the Preface of tliat Work that my British
Collection contained 9500 species, it is necessary to observe that in conse-
quence of some of the largest tribes having been recently described, it was
impossible for me to examine and identify my specimens in time to add *s
to all those I possess : as these amount to many hundreds, it may appear to
some persons that I have overrated my Collection ; such however is not the
case, for my British species, which have been counted, amount at this time
very nearly to 10,000. As the genus Crabro is the next subject, I may in-
stance that as an example of the omissions of *s, for I possess 23 species,
although 13 only are marked in the Guide, and of Alysia also I find that I
have 17 species, yet 4 only have a * attached to them.

c^/

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591.
EUPLOCAMUS MEDIELLUS.

The Boletus Tinea.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea mediellus Hilb.
EuPLocAMus Lat., Cvrt. — Phycls Och. — Scardia Treit. — Tinea Hlib.
AntenncB inserted close to the eyes, short, setaceous, composed
of numerous joints, each producing a small fascicle of fine hairs
on each side in the male (1); simple in the female.
MaxillcB very much shorter than the labial palpi, spiral and com-
posed of 2 fiat and pubescent lobes (3). Palpi small, elongated
and curved downward, not longer than the maxilla;, scaly and
6-jointed, basal joint short and stout, 2nd a little longer but
linear, 3rd about the same length, forming a tassel of scales,
4th twice and 5th thrice as long, 6th as long as the 2nd, lan-
ceolate (3 a).

Labial palpi rather long, recurved and bowed outward (4); tri-

articulate, basal joint elongated and clavate, 2nd the longest,

thickly clothed with scales, 3rd slender and nearly as long as

the 2nd, but clothed only with short scales (4 a).

Head subovate, the croivn and forehead tufted with curved scales : eyes

small, lateral and globose (7 *, 7 a front view of the head). Thorax

subglobose. Abdomen rather slender and linear, the apex conical

in the female. Wings, very much dejlexed in repose ; superior very

long, sublanceolated, the apex rounded, the costa slightly arched :

inferior rather broader and subovate : cilia moderate. Legs, anterior

very short, hinder very long, ititermediate tibise ivith very long spurs

at the apex, posterior stout and hairy, with 2 pair of long spurs, one

pair at the middle : tarsi 5 -jointed, hinder elongated, the basal joint

long : claws and pulvilli very minute.

haxvsd fleshy with a few hairs, and a horny shield behind the head;

furnished tvith 6 pectoral 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Hllb.

Mediellus Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1032. 3.

Ochreous, silky ; superior wings dotted with white and black,
a square brown spot on the costa before and another beyond the
middle, forming a triangle with one on the interior margin,
which is more or less united with the latter and striped with
black, there is a series of black streaks between the nervures,
arranged obliquely from the apex, each having a white dot ex-
ternally ; cilia maculated with brown ; inferior wings fuscous,
with a yellow and purple tinge.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Robertson, the Author, 8(C.

The Euplocami are the giants of this pygmy race : the Thiea
Boletella figured by Hiibner measuring upwards of two inches

when the wings are expanded ; it is therefore fortunate that
their oeconomy is widely different to the Tinese, (pi. 511.)» to
which they are closely allied and bear so strong a resem-
blance that it will be necessary to point out the differences.
The male Euplocami are distinguished by fasciculated an-
tennae, having a pectinated appearance ; the labial palpi are
recurved in both sexes, there seems to be one joint more in the
maxillary palpi than I discovered in the Tineae, but they are
so minute and difficult to examine that I may be mistaken.

The only species discovered in this country is the
E. mediellus Hilb. — Curt. Brit. Ent. j^l. 591.9. — Noctua Bo-
leti Fab.

The outline of a Caterpillar from Hiibner is given in the
corner of our Plate; it feeds upon theBoletus versicolor [pi. 39.),
is of a yellowish white colour, with the head and a horny plate
behind it of a red colour, as well as a spot on the apical
segment. Specimens of the Moth were captured during last
July on Wanstead Flats by G. Robertson, Esq.; the females
were found resting on the trunks of Aspen-trees, and the males
were taken flying round the same trees in the dusk of the
evening, and close to the roots the empty pupae were observed
protruding through the turf. Mr. D. Bydder first discovered
this species in the New Forest; and Mr. Ingpen records its
having been taken at Birch Wood in September.

Mr. Robertson showed me a variety of the female, in which
the base of the antennae, the face, apex of the palpi, and a por-
tion of the anterior legs, are coloured black with a chalybeous
tint ; this specimen was taken the end of June on Wanstead
Flats.

The Plant is Lychnis Flos-Cuculi (Meadow Pinks, or Rag-
ged Robin).

S/f

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511.
TINEA CORTICELLA.

The Bark Clothes-Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.
Type of the Genus, Tinea granella Linn.
Tinea Linn., he. — Scardia Och.

Antenna inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
shorter than the body, setaceous, composed of innumerable sub-
quadrate joints, pubescent and clothed with depressed scales,
the basal joint stout, rather long and clavate (1, a few basal
joints).

Maxillce spiral but not united, shorter than the labial palpi, with
a broad fleshy margin on the inside at the base (3). Palpi
somewhat fleshy and slender, as long as the maxillae , pilose and
scaly, apparently 5-jointed, basal joint small, 2nd twice as long,
3rd much longer and clavate, 4tli the longest, 5th as long as
the 3rd (3 a).

Labial palpi rather slender, divaricating, sometimes a little re-
curved, clothed with short scales (4), triarticulate, basal joint
long and curved at the base, 2nd half as long again, nearly
straight, 3rd as long as the 1st elliptic conical, compressed and
scabrous at the apex (4 a).
Head thickly clothed with wool, standing up and concealing the Eyes
from above, these are not large but prominent and globose (7).
Thorax densely clothed with depressed scales. Abdomen a little
tufted at the apex in the male, acuminated in the female with a tele-
scopiform ovipositor. Wings very much deflexed when at rest,
superior long and lanceolate, inferior ample, the cilia long. Thighs,
hinder very short broad and compressed : tibiae, anterior short with
some long hairs on the inside, the others with long spurs at the apex,
the posterior long and clothed ivith fine long hairs outside, with a
pair of long spurs near the base : tarsi longer than the tibice, basal
joint the longest, apical one the shortest : claws very small (8 f,
hind leg).
Obs. The description and dissections are from T. rusticella Hiib.
Larvae fleshy, with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. Pupae
inclosed in woollen cocoons.

CoRTiCELLA Curt. Guidc, Gen. 1033. 14.

Fuscous with an ochreous tinge : head clothed with ochreous
white hairy scales ; superior wings whitish, variegated with
irregular and minute ochreous brovra and darker spots : with a
dark brown spot on the costa at the base, and 2 larger ones
beyond, having minute ones between them, and 3 or 4 towards
the ajjex ; on the disc is a somewhat triangular ochreous brown
mark, with an oblique irregular one towards the posterior margin,
with 2 spots on the inferior margin, and 2 or 3 minute ones
between them: cilia ochreous brown with 3 yellow spots.

In the Author's Cabinet.

The maxillary palpi represented in the plate are the longest
I have seen; but although they are equal in length to the lobes

of the maxillae, they are still considerably shorter than the
labial palpi. The woolly heads also characterize this group,
which in its larva^state is, with some few of the Anacampses,
(fol. 189.) but too well known for the destruction they occasion
to every article of woollen manufacture, forming the tubes in
which they live and their cocoons of the materials they feed
upon. Wherever they take possession, the only chance is to
discard everything composed of wool or hair if possible, and
those things that are indispensable should be constantly used,
or continually brushed and exposed to the light and air. All
mattresses, paillasses and sofa-cushions should be knotted with
leather^ not wool; and carpets ought to be cut out where book-
cases and heavy furniture stand, so that the edges may be
frequently turned up to be well brushed where there is no
traffic. Moreen curtains and bed-hangings are very soon at-
tacked if the room be shut up and darkened, and may be
greatly injured in a few weeks. Light, the clothes-brush and
the cane are, 1 believe, the easiest and best remedies against
the Moth. It is astonishing how soon a house may be infested,
for a few old birds'-nests, and even the cocoons of Moths in the
Garden, will enable them to feed and propagate, when a female
inoth finding her way into the house, a colony is soon esta-
blished that it is very difficult to extirpate.

I have been compelled to forgo having carpets in my
chambers from the devastation these little animals made: they
were revelling in multitudes under my feet in the day, and
flying about my candles by night, and I lately found that
myriads had established themselves under the sofa-covers,
where they luxuriated on the worsted knots that held the
cushions together ; they even attacked the small portion of
feather on my pens, and my painting-brushes were frequently
eaten up by them. This, however, I soon remedied by dipping
them intospirits of turpentine, which is certain death to all
insects. Cushions, &c., that are infested may be cured by mo-
derate baking. I have observed when my clothes have been
attacked that the Moths invariably preferred the black suits ;
and so rapid are their operations that I have found a caterpillar
half grown on removing a coat which I had worn a fortnight
before.

Another' species ( T. granella) does incredible mischief in
granaries to bonded wheat : in such cases 1 should imagine
that lime-washing the roof and walls, and taking great care
that no woollen cloth or yarn be used in mending the sacks,
might be beneficial precautions.

There are nearly 20 species of Tineffi found in England, a
list of which is given in the Guide. The handsome species
figured appears to be undescribed; it occurred some years
since in considerable abundance on the trunks of trees in
Kensington Gardens.

The Plant is lUcracium sylvalicum (Wood Hawkweed).

34^

ci^,-4'^4'-»^^'^- ^ ''

344.

LEPIDOCERA BIRDELLA.

The Liverpool Feather-horned Tinea.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidse.

Type oj the Genus, Tinea Taurella Hub.

Lepidocera Ste., Curt. — Ypsolophus Haw. — Tinea Hub.

AntenncB inserted close to the eyes on die crown of the head,
composed of many short joints clothed with very long and feathery
scales, excepting 8 or 9 of the apical joints (1).
Maxillce extremely short, but slender and spiral (7).
Labial PaZy;j forming two large brushes in front of the head (7, 4),
being curved upward, divaricating and clothed (especially be-
neath) with long clavate scales truncated and serrated at the
apex almost concealing the apical joint (*4) : triarticulate, basal
joint globose, 2nd rather long and robust, 3rd shorter and slen-
derer, elongate conic (4 a).
Head broad and short. Eyes small and lateral remote and very promi-
nent, shining and irregularly granulated (7). Ocelli large and distinct.
Thorax rather small clothed with depressed scales. Wings rather short,
the superior very scaly, sublinear and truncated at the apex beyond
which the scales form an irregular margin, inferior wings suboval less
scaly and producing very long cilia. Abdomen rather long, depressed,
clothed with broad depressed scales, the sides margined, the apex
somewhat lifted. Legs robust clothed with scales, anterior short,
posterior long. Tibiae ; 4 posterior with long spurs at the apex ; the
hinder pair with two at the centre. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint of
posterior pair long. Claws distinct and curved (8, afore leg).
Obs. The dissections were taken from the species figured.

BiRDELLA Curtis' s Guidc, Gen. 1034. 3.

Rough, scaly, dull reddish ochre : antennae blackish tovvards the
apex : eyes black, scales on the palpi black at their tips : supe-
rior wings clouded Wxih. blackish scales, except at the base,
forming three distinct fasciae : inferior wings fuscous-cupreous,
pale at the base : abdomen sprinkled with fuscous and black
down the middle, excepting the base of the 5th annulation which
is ochreous : legs variegated with fuscous.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Bird and the Author.

No characters of this remarkable little group have yet been
published ; and although I have a just right to give a name
in such a case, I have again adopted one which has lately
been proposed, to prevent repetition. My only reason for
statinff this is,, that in numerous instances the characters that

I have been at great labour to detect, have been subsequently
employed and published by others, either as tiieir own, or
without the slightest acknowledgement *.

The insects composing this group may be known by their
rough appearance, by their bushy heads and scaly horns ;
but whether this latter character is common to both sexes, I
liave had no opportunity of ascertaining. The following are
British insects.

1. L. Taurella Hiih.pl. 27./ im.—Ha'w. 5^6. 26.

Half the size of No. 3; the palpi are less scaly in propor-
tion ; the antennae are slightly thickened with scales at the
middle : superior wings cinereous fuscous, shining, coppery,
mottled with blackish scales : inferior wings pale coppery fus-
cous, light at the base : abdomen dark, shining, with the base
of the 5th joint and the apical tuft very pale ochre : hinder
tarsi with the joints pale at their tips.

Taken by Mr. Stone the beginning of August, amongst
grass and heath in open places near the gravel-pit in Coomb
Wood. ^ \ ° ^

2. L. mediopectinella Haxv. Lep. Brit. p. 545. n. 25.
Almost as large as the next ; the head and antennae appear

to be less scaly : the superior wings are narrower and fuscous-
ochi'e, clouded with darker scales to the base : inferior wings
coppery-fuscous, pale at the base : tibiae and tarsi spotted with
ochre.

Taken near London by Mr. J. Hatchett.

3. L. Birdella Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 344.

I have the pleasure of dedicating this Moth to the Rev.
C. S. Bird, M.A. F.L.S., to whose kind and liberal commu-
nications this Work is much indebted. Specimens were found
the beginning of last July, resting upon the sides of dry walls
at Liverpool : they dropped down when approached.

4. L. ? Chenopodiella Huh. Tinea., pi. 46. / 320. — Mr. Ste-
phens refers this species to Lepidocera; but I have never had
an opportunity of examining a specimen.

* It requires very little knowledge to make descriptions from the dissections
accompanying this Work, and, by transposing words and sentences, to give them
a different appearance to the source from whence the knowledge had been drawn.
None of the Lepidopterous genera (excepting a few by Savigny) had been dis-
sected till this Work was commenced ; and names only were handed to me of
Spilosoma, Deiopeia, Chariclea, Lobophora, &c., which I adopted in courtesy.

73-/^3^

607.

INCURVARIA MASCULELLA.

The feathered Diamond-back.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Masculella Wien. Verz.

Incurvaria Haw., Curt. — Esperia Hub. — Adela Och. — Tinea Fab.,
Hub., Haw.

Antenna inserted in front of the crown, near to the eyes, rather
long and setaceous, pectinated inside in the male, each joint
producing at the apex a spoon- shaped branch, clothed with
scales (1); simply covered with scales in the female.
Maxilla spiral (3), rather stout and not half the length of the
Palpi, which are as long as the labial, incurved, scaly and 6-
jointed, 3 basal joints stout, 1st ovate, 2nd elongated, 3rd as
long but broader, 4th very long, slender and clavate, 5th not
longer than the 1st, subclavate, 6th as long but slender and
attenuated (3 a).

Labial Palpi small, rather drooping, projecting beyond the
head (4), triarticulate, basal joint elongate and a little clavate,
2nd twice as long, rather thickly clothed with scales, but slen-
derest in the middle when denuded, 3rd joint as long as the 1st,
but very slender and fusiform (4 a) .
Head subglobose, densely tufted and woolly in front and on the crown :
eyes small, lateral and globose. Thorax smooth. Abdomen very
short and linear in the male, the apex furnished with 2 large horny
processes, surrounded with elongated scales, the penultimate joint
bristly; attenuated in the female (A, the apex): ovipositor exserted,
horny, incurved and acute (o) . Wings very much deflexed in repose
(N); superior twice as long as the body, lanceolate, inferior much
shorter, sublanceolate : cUia moderate. Tibiae, anterior short, the
others spurred at the apex, hinder pair the longest and very hairy
outside, with a pair of spurs near the middle (8 f).- tarsi 5-jointed,
basal joint elongated : claws and pulvilli minute.

Masculella Wien. Verz. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1035. I.

Fuscous, shining ; head ochreous, superior wings purplish,
freckled with orange and ferruginous scales, with a nearly or-
bicular yellowish-white spot near the centre of the interior
margin and a subtrigonate one near the posterior angle : infe-
rior wings with a bluish tint freckled with orange.
In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The genus Incurvaria of Haworth was found to include the
following species, and was characterized by the inflection of
the maxillary palpi ; the /. tripuncta^ which was included in
the Guide in accordance with Mr. Stephens's views, is inad-
missible, since the head is clothed with depressed scales and

the labial palpi are slender and recurved ; it therefore ought to
have been placed with genus 1036. The males of the typical
species are characterized by their handsome antennae, which
have only one series of pectinations, each being formed like a
spoon. A specimen which I take to be a female has a curious
process, which is represented at fig. o.

* Antennse pectinated in the males.

1. masculella W. V.—Huh. Tin. 18. 125 ? .— Curt. Brit. Ent.

pi. 607. (S; fig. N the natural size. — muscalella Fab. — mus-

cula Haw.

I know of no figure of the male of this elegant little moth,

which I have repeatedly met with on the wing in the daytime

about white-thorn hedges the middle of May : the female I

have found in the New Forest the beginning of June.

2. pectinella Fab. — trigonella? Li?m. Faun. Suec. 1373.
Superior wings tawny-fuscous with a whitish obscurely
geminated spot before the middle of the interior margin,
and another smaller and scarcely visible one behind : 6 lines
in expanse. Ha'w.

May, hedges.

** Antennffi stout and filiform in the males.

3. Oehlmanniella Hiib. Tin.pl. 27./ 184.

Anterior wings with 2 trigonate very white or silvery spots,
the 1 St before, the other behind the middle, and a white
spot on the costa towards the apex, and almost opposite the
2nd spot on the interior margin : posterior wings black,
shining ; cilia entirely black : 6 — 7 lines. Haw.
In the vicinity of London.

4. spuria Haw. 5G0. 4. probably a variety of the last.
Anterior wings somewhat narrower in proportion to their
size, paler and less purple, but principally different in the
minute white costal spot, which is twice as small, and ex-
actly opposite to the outer one on the inner margin, and
further removed from the apex than in the last: agreeing in
other respects : 7 lines. Haw.

May, DarentWood, Kent.

The Plant is Aru7n maculatum (Wake-Robin, Cuckow-pint
or Lords and Ladies).

63^

C,^<^..^c/6..

^^ l^3>1

639.

LAMPRONIA LUZELLA.

The four-spotted purple Tinea.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidte.

Type of the Genus, Tinea rupella Fab.

Lampronia Ste., Curt. — Euspilapteryx Ste. — Denisia, Galanthia,
Antispila, Micropterix Hub. — Tinea Linn., Fab., Haiv., Hub.
Antenna; remote, inserted on each side the forehead near to the
eyes, shorter than the body, fiHform, the basal joint large and
ovate with a brush of hairs on the inside, the other joints tas-
selled with scales, and producing series of longish hairs in the
males : (1 portions of the base and middle) : more setaceous and
only clothed with scales and very short bristles in the females.
Maxillce spiral and formed of 2 broad flat filaments (3), shorter
than the Palpi which are long, attenuated, incurved and scaly,
composed of 6? joints, 3 basal joints stout, 1st short, 2nd and
3rd much longer, the remainder slender thin and compressed at
the apex (3 a).

Labial Palpi longer than the maxillary, curved, clothed with
scales (4) and triarticulate, basal joint elongated, not stouter
than the 2nd, which is nearly twice as long, 3rd about the
length of the 1st, elliptic-conical (4 a).
Head tufted, being thickly covered with hairy scales : eyes small and
globose. Thorax smooth. Abdomen attenuated, tufted at the apex
in the male, with an oviduct sometimes exserted in the female, clothed
with hairs at the apex (AO). Wings ample, deflexed in repose;
superior somewhat linear, the apex ovate ; inferior more ovate-tri-
gonate ; cilia rather long. Legs, anterior very short, posterior
very long: thighs very short : tibiae, anterior exceedingly short, in-
termediate with a long pair of unequal spurs ; hinder pair very long,
compressed and densely hairy, with a long pair of unequal spurs at
the apex, and a longer pair above the middle (8 f) : tarsi long, espe-
cially the hinder.

LVZEJ.-LA Hub. Tin.pl.64.f. 430. —Curt. Guide, Gen. 1037.6.

Brown-black ; superior wings with a purple gloss, 2 ochreous
spots on the costa, that nearest the base minute, and 2 rather
further apart on the interior margin, that nearest the posterior
angle the largest and triangular ; apex of the cilia whitish : in-
ferior wings with an orange tinge.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

The deflexed wings and rough woolly head distinguish this
genus from a great portion of the Tineidae ; the under wings
are broader than usual, and the antennse of the males are
hairy and have a knotted appearance under a lens.

The following are British species :

1. capitella Linn.'^ Faun. Suec. 1374.
Middle of May, garden paling, round London,

2. praelatella Fab.—Hiib. pL 26./ 251.

Beginning of June, in a copse, Glanville's Wootton, Mr.
Dale.

3. rupella Fab.—Hiib. pi. S6.f. 250.

Beginning of June, trunks of dead and barked trees near
Lyndhurst : the empty pupas were protruding in multitudes.

4. luzeWa Hub. — Curl. B.E. pi. 639. S- — The T.Jlavipunctella
of Haw. is only a var. with the basal spots nearly united.

7. melanella Ha'w. 566. 20.

Park paling, Greenhithe, Mr. Robertson.

8. corticella Linn.? Faun. Suec. 1428.
On Raspberry blossoms, Mr. Chant.

10. subpurpurella^aw. 571. 37.

April and May, amongst Oak trees, G. Wootton, Mr. Dale.

11. purpurella Haw. 571. 38.— Goldeggella Hiib.? 37. 258.

12. auropurpurella Haw. 572. 39. — Sparmannella Fab.?

13. rubroaurella Haw. — fibulella Fab.
Withey beds, G. Wootton, Mr. Dale.

14. rubrifasciella Haw. — Anderschella Hub. 51. 352. not
T. Hcllwigella referred to by Haworth and Stephens.
End of May, trunks of birch trees, in a wood near Kimp-

ton, and on Whitethorns, G. Wootton, Mr. Dale.

15. sanguinella Haw. 512. 42.

16. Calthella Zy/n».— pusillella Hiib. pi. 50. 341.

May and June, flowers of Ranunculaceae in pastures, &c.
] 8. Seppella Fab. ?— aurella Hiib. 38. 262.

13th June, Coomb Wood, and once paired with L. Calthella.

19. ammanella Hiib. 51. 388.

20. bistrigella Haw. 573. 45.

June, a pair on a sallow in Parley Copse, Mr. Dale.

5. marginepunctella, 9. atrella, 17. concinella, and 21. Eu-
spiLAPTERYx auroguttella of Stephens I have never seen.

For specimens of the Small Teasel, Dipsacus pilosus, I am
indebted to Mr. S. Rootsey of Bristol.

/oy

V

C^«<v^ C^iC-t^ c5^

751.
ERIOCEPHALA CALTHELLA.

The Marsh Marygold Moth, or Small gold Tinea.
OiiDER Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Tinea Calthella Linn.

Eriocephala Curt. — Lampronia Curt. — Antispila Hub. — TineaLjww.
Haw., Hub.

AntenncE alike in both sexes, remote, inserted on each side of
the forehead towards the eyes, shorter than the body, fihform,
hairy beneath, the basal joint large and subovate, 2nd globose,
3rd long and slender, the remainder turbinate (1).
MaxilltJE very small, short, terminating in an elongated curved
lobe (3). Palpi much longer than the head, porrected, stout
and 5 -jointed, two basal joints long and nearly linear, 3rd a
little longer and slightly curved, 4th very long, inflated towards
the base, attenuated to the apex, 5th the shortest, the apex
conical (a).

Labial palpi small, attached to large scapes, triarticulate, basal
joint small, 2nd the longest and largest, obovate, 3rd much
smaller, subovate (4).
Head rather broad, very short, crown hairy : eyes small and lateral.
Thorax very short, clothed with depressed scales. Abdomen short,
the apex of the males furnished with 2 long curved horny appendages
with a large and dilated lobe above (A) : conical in the female.
Wings deflexed in repose, much longer than the body, ovate-lanceo-
late : superior (9) with many nervures terminating on the costa and
interior margin : inferior with similar nervures on the margins (*) .•
cilia long, especially the inferior, and surrounding the apex. Legs
rather slender, hinder long : thighs short : anterior tibiae with an
internal spine, the others spurred at the apex ; hinder curved, with a
pair also beloiv the middle : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long, terminal
short : claws small (Sf hind leg).

Calthella if raw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1037. 16.

Fuscous black : eyes intense black ; antennae and palpi blackish ;
crown of head ferruginous-ochre ; thorax golden ; wings fur-
rowed, superior burnished gold mottled with orange-brown, the
base crimson and purple or blue ; inferior wings fuscous with a
violaceous golden hue : cilia fuscous.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

When Lampronia was illustrated, I considered that this genus
was disposed of; but the structure of the mouth is so remark-
able in the section before us, that no apology is necessary for
calling the attention of the student to this group again. I
confess having some reason to regret doing so, as I fear it will

set aside the essential character alluded to under Acentria,
which I thought would so completely separate Trichoptera
from Lepidoptera, namely, the comparative lengths of the
maxillary and labial palpi.

It is to Mr. Haliday's acute investigations that we owe the
detection of this anomalous group, and I am greatly indebted
to him for the valuable materials he has placed in my hands.

On comparing the dissections with those of Lampronia, it
will instantly appear that it is impossible to retain the insects
to which they belong in the same genus ; the extraordinary
variation in the form and length of the labial palpi and of the
maxillae, are most important differences.

It will be now advisable to take a more general view of its
relationship to the Trichoptera, for, as Mr. Haliday has justly
observed, the whole aspect approaches the groups Hydroptila
and Narycia. If the larva of E. Calthella was known, no
question would remain ; but even in the absence of that tes-
timony, I think it will be clear that it belongs to the Lepido-
ptera. The wings are clothed with scales ; the maxillae, though
short, are in the situation we find them in the Lepidoptera ;
the palpi are not hairy, and the anterior tibiae have an internal
spine. The only character, therefore, that makes an approach
to Trichoptera, is the relative proportions of the palpi, to
which may, perhaps, be added the remarkable neuration of
the wings, which is certainly very unlike any other Lepido-
ptera I have examined, and the caudal appendages of the male
are rather singular.

From this review of the affinities to the two orders, although
it must be admitted that by this exception the distinctive cha-
racter, which I imagined was furnished by the palpi, proves
no longer to be unobjectionable, still it is not to be altogether
disregarded, and I think thtit the internal spine of the anterior
tibiae, so constantly present in the moths, is nowhere to be
found in the Trichoptera ; if such be the case, we have a new
distinctive character, scarcely of less value than that which we
have been obliged to abandon.

A short notice of all the species will be found at fol. G39'',
under Lampronia, from No. 10. suhpurpurella to No. 20. hi-
strigella.

A specimen of Gagea (Ornithogalum) luteal Yellow Bethle-
hem Star, from Conisborough, near Doncaster, was commu-
nicated by Mr. W. Pamplin, Jun.

'il9

( j^-4 ^y.-e^u^A^ s;^.- /• /cjsj

479.

GRACILLARIA ANASTOMOSIS.

The Lilac slender Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Gracillaria anastomosis Haw.

Gracillaria Haw., Curt. — Ornix Och., Treit. — Tinea Hub.

Antennee inserted close to the eyes, capillary, nearly as long as
the wings, and bent back beneath them when in repose, com-
posed of numerous minute joints, the basal one rather stout.
Maxilla spiral, slender and twice as long as the labial palpi
(7*, 3). Palpi distinct (7a), slender and clothed with short
scales forming a tuft at the apex, triarticulate, basal joint short
ovate, 2nd twice as long, 3rd a little longer and curved (3a, the
Palpus and a portion of the maxilla).

Labial Palpi projecting far beyond the head, recurved, slender,

tapering and acute, clothed with short scales (4) ; triarticulate,

basal joint the shortest, clavate, 2nd twice as long, curved and

subclavate, 3rd longer and subulate (4a).

Head small subglobose, clothed with depressed shining scales combed

over the croion from each side: eyes globose and lateral. Thorax

small. Abdomen short and slender, terminated by a lobe in the

males, with a tuft of hair on each side. Wings, superior tioice as

long as the abdomen, elliptical, loith very long cilia at the posterior

angle; inferior wings shorter and lanceolate, furnished with very

long cilia. Legs ; anterior the shortest, posterior the longest: thighs

short, especially the posterior : tibise ; anterior with an internal spine,

intermediate spurred at the apex and densely clothed tvith long broad

scales ; posterior with a pair of spurs towards the base, and another

pair at the apex, one of them very long : tarsi 5-jointed : claws very

minute (Sf, hind leg).

Larvae with 6 pectoral, 6 abdominal and 2 anal feet ; clothed with a

feiv long hairs.
Pupse subfusiform.

Anastomosis Haw. Lep. Brit. 5S0. 13. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1038. 3.
Fuscous : antennae dotted with white : head ochreous, palpi
annulated with the same colour : thorax ochreous freckled with
brown : abdomen cinereous, apex ochreous ; superior wings
orange, sometimes with a purple cupreous tinge, freckled with
brown, 5 cream-coloured subtrigonate spots on the costa and
about the same number on the interior margin with which some
of them are occasionally united, the apical one forming a ring,
sometimes with a blackish pupil : inferior wings cinereous as
well as the fringe, which in the superior wings is variegated a
little with white. Legs whitish, the thighs and tibiae variegated
with black, and the tips of the joints in the tarsi of the same
colour.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

Gracillaria is distinguished by the singularly tufted inter-
mediate tibia;, and the attitude in which the moth rests is very
striking; this is represented in the outline figure of the natural

size : the larvos also have only 6 abdominal feet, as shown in
the plate, the figure above exhibiting the pupa, and I am not
aware that any one has described the maxillary palpi, which
are very distinct.

The following observations upon the species figured were
communicated to me by the late Mr. E. W. Lewis of Chelsea,
whose promising talents and devotion to Entomology render
his premature death a loss to science.

*' This Moth is double brooded, the first appearing in May
from the larvae of the preceding autumn, the second in July.
The eggs ai*e laid in rows consisting of from three to a dozen,
and are placed along the nervures on the underside of the
Lilac and Privet. In five or six days the eggs are hatched,
and the larvse eat into the leaf, mining to the upper surface,
where they eat the parenchyma, leaving the epidermis un-
touched : about a fortnight after, they leave their mines, and
commence rollinjj the leaves: the roll is fastened on the out-
side with a few threads, and the ends are drawn close. Here
they remain until full grown, eating only half the substance of
the leaf, when they drop from the leaves and retire under
ground, where they spin a strong case, and in a few days
change into pupae.

" It is principally on trees in shaded situations, and on the
ground-shoots and under-branches of others that the mother
moth lays her eggs. This insect is very abundant in our
neighbourhood ; one small tree in our garden they attacked
in such numbers that long before they were full grown there
was not a green spot remaining." — E. W. Lewis.

Mr. R. Lewis having supplied me with the larvae whilst
feeding on the Lilac, I was able to make the following obser-
vations : at first they mine between the plates of the leaves,
forming as it were brown blisters upon them; they afterwards
roll up the end of the leaf on the underside, fastening it with
fine silken threads, as represented in the plate : on opening
this roll I have found 6 or 7 larvae of different sizes, the young
ones were dirty flesh-coloured, those nearly matured pale green
and darker in the middle ; they consume, at this period of their
lives, the inferior cuticle of the leaf, and the space is filled with
minute black pellets of dung.

Like most other Lepidoptera, these have their parasite. The
Pimjila stercorator F. and its larvae feed upon the caterpillars
of G. anastomosis, as lately related in a very amusing manner
bv Mr. Lewis in Loudon's Ma<j. of Nat. Hist.

A list of the genus Gracillaria will be found in the Guide;
I have only to observe that the T. Upiipccjpenella Hiib. is the
type of Treitschke's genus Ornix, that T. Mayrella is the fe-
male of his T. signipenella, and that my No. 18. G. leticapcnclla
and 1 4. rujlpennella belong to other genera.

For the beautiful Plant figured, Glaucium violacami (Violet
horned Poppy), I am indebted to the llev. Dr. Jermyn of
Swaffham Prior, Cambridgeshire.

663

CHRYSOCORYS SCISSELLA.

The oblong Gold-head Tinea.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidse.

Tyipe of the Genus, Tinea scissella Haw.

Chrysocoeys Curt. — Tinea Haw., Hiib.

AntenncE rather short, composed of numerous joints, thickly
clothed with scales giving them a tasselled or serrated appear-
ance in the males towards the apex, which is very setaceous (1,
a few joints beyond the middle).

Maxilla as long as the antennae, very slender and spiral (3).
Labial palpi rather long, projecting horizontally beyond the
head, divaricating, slender, attenuated and clothed with short
scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint long, slightly curved and
clavate, 2nd longer and rather stouter, 3rd the length of the 1st
slender and lanceolate (a).
Head small, globose, clothed with metallic closely depressed scales : (7
the face, 7 * the profile) : Eyes rather large and orbicular. Thorax
small clothed with depressed scales. Abdomen short and linear in
the male, the apex conical in the female. Wings deflexed, superior
long, narrow, lanceolate and slightly falcate ; inferior narroio and
lanceolate, cilia long. Legs, hinder the longest : tibiae, anterior
very short with a long internal spine ; intermediate with long spurs
at the apex; hinder the longest, with a pair of very long spurs at the
apex and at the middle : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long, apical the
shortest : claws very minute.
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ; tuberculated and
bristly (C). Vxx^di papilioniform, with series of dorsal spines (P),
inclosed in a netted cocoon. Hiib.

Scissella i/aw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1039. 1. — Festaliella/fM^. Tin.
pi. %1 . f. 449 ? — angustipennella Guide, \st Edit.
Fuscous, basal joint of palpi and mouth yellow, head and thorax
brassy : superior wings ochreous, costa, posterior margin and a
line from thence to the base brown, a streak of the same colour
along the middle dilated at the centre ; abdomen griseous black,
silvery white beneath.

In the Author's and other Cabinets.

I AM surprised to find that in an elaborate work like Treit-
schke's Schmetterlinge von Europa, no notice is taken that I
can see either of Tinea Scissella or T, Festaliella Hlib. I
stated some years since, when I characterized the genus Chry-
socorys in the Entomological Magazine, that I was veiy
doubtful if the insect before us were the T. Scissella of Hiib.
pi. 39. fig. 270, the wings being of a different shape, and I still
entertain the same opinion; it is however unnecessary to super-
sede Mr. Haworth's name, since if they be different insects,
they do not belong to one and the same genus. On the con-
trary, I have little doubt that Hiibner's Tinea Festaliella, pi. 67.
fig. 449. is a variety only of our insect or at least of the same
genus, which has induced me to give outlines of the larva and
pupa of that species from his work, in order that their singular
figures may be better known. It is clear from them that this
Moth is closely allied to the Pterophori (pi. 161.), and it is
very interesting to mark the similarity of the larva and pupa
to those of the Papihonidae. The pupa is inclosed in a cocoou
of beautiful lacework which does not conceal it, and in this
respect it resembles CeroUoma Hesperidella (fol. 420).

This elegantly formed little Moth is found during the spring
and summer months ; I have met with it as early as the middle
of April flying amongst the plants on hedge banks near Glan-
ville's Wootton, the middle of May at Rougham in Suffolk,
the middle of June amongst the broom near Coomb Wood,
and the end of the same month on brambles in the Isle of
Portland.

The Plant is Thlaspi peyfoliatum, Perfoliate Shepherd's
Purse, from the neighbourhood of Slaughter in Gloucester-
shire, a locality pointed out to me last June by E. F. Witts, Esq.

-///

^^

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471.

ADACTYLUS BENNETII.

The sea-side Plume.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae.

Type of the Genus, Alucita adactyla Hub.

Adactylus Curt. — Alucita Hilb., Treit.

Antenna inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes,
rather short and slender, composed of numerous joints clothed
with scales ahove, and very pubescent beneath in the male (1 (J) ;
less so in the female.

Maxilla slender spiral and nearly as long as the antennae (3).
Labial Palpi curved, densely clothed with scales and truncated,
giving them a triangular form towards the apex, mth the 3rd
joint just visible (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint long and broad,
2nd short and broad sublunulate, 3rd minute, ovate and trun-
cated obliquely (4 a).
Head small, subglobose, with a conical tubercle on the forehead thickly
clothed with short scales (7). Eyes small lateral and orbicular.
Thorax small, globose and trilobed. Abdomen very long, linear in
the male with the apex thickened and lobcd ; stouter in the female
and subfusiform, being narroioed at the base and somewhat conical at
the apex. Wings plaited together and erected when at rest, lanceo-
late, inferior the smallest. Legs slender. Coxae long. Thighs
short. Tibia?, anterior the shortest, clavate, with a short spine and
brush of scales on the inside near the apex, the others spurred at the
apex, posterior very long, with a minute j)air of ufiequal spurs below
the middle. Tarsi very long, 5 -jointed, basal Joint very long, 5th
not very short. Claws minute but distinct (Sf, hind leg).

Bennetii Curt. Guide, Ge?i. 1039''.

In the Author's Cabinet.

The Alucita adactyla Hub. having undivided wings, as the
latter name implies, I was led to a careful examination of an
Insect closely allied to it, when I found its structure so widely
different from that of Pterophorus (pi. 161.) that I was under
the necessity of establishing a genus to comprise them. I
have therefore adopted the specific name of Hiibner's Insect
for the genus, and propose substituting that of the excellent
Lepidopterist who first made it known, to designate liis spe-
cies.

Adactylus is distinguished from Pterophorus by its undi-
vided wings, the form of the palpi, which are obtuse and

densely clothed with short scales, the very minute spurs to the
liinder tibiae, and several other minor differences.

Hubner many years back figured the Alucita adactyla be-
fore alluded to, in his Europaischer Schmetterlinge (Alucitae
Integrae, pi. 7. f. 32-34), which I shall here describe as the

Adactylus Hubneri Curt.

^\ lines long; $ 10 lines, ? nearly 1 inch broad. Lead
colour, wings darkest towards the apex, superior with a darker
spot towards the apex, and 2 on the inferior margin ; the male
with a dark spot on the cilia at the anal angle.

This insect has not been taken in England, but I had the
good fortune to discover a new species amongst the grass and
sea-shore plants that grow on the Salterns at Tollsbury, the
end of last July, in an excursion to the coast of Essex with
Edward Bennet, Esq., of Rougham Old Hall. When at rest
the Moths assumed a most singular attitude, as well as I can
remember like the male figured of the natural size at the bot-
tom of the plate ; the body hung down, the wings were folded
and nearly erect, but divaricating with the legs placed ob-
liquely, resembling so much the dead pieces of grass, that the
eye did not readily catch them until they took flight, for which
this position was admirably adapted. This interesting Moth
I have the pleasure of naming after the friend through whose
kindness I had an opportunity of adding this and many other
Insects to my Cabinets.

A. Bennetii Curt. Brit.Ent.pl. 4-71 c^ & ? .

Length 6| to 7^ lines, breadth 1 inch. Reddish cinereous,
sometimes with an ochreous tint : eyes black, superior wings
with 4 dark spots ujion each, 1 towards the base, another
nearer the middle, and 2 beyond it approaching the posterior
angle : abdomen of female with 5 or 6 pair of black dots down
the back.

The Plant is Carex limosa (Green-and-gold Carex), comnui-
nicated by C. J. Paget, Esq., from a bog at Belton, Suffolk.

J6J

I'l

i-

iP^l

161.

PTEROPHORUS SPILODACTYLUS.

The Wormwood Plume.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Alucitadae Leach, Ptero-
phorites Lai.

Type of the Genus Alucita pentadactyla Linn.

Ptkropiiorus Geoff., Lat., Fab., Leach. — Alucita Hub., Haw. — Pha-
Isena (Alucita) Linn.

Antenna: inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head,
setaceous, composed of numerous elongated joints covered with
long scales above, sometimes hairy beneath (fig. 1 a) j basal
joint robust subovate, entirely clothed with scales (1).
MaxillcE very long and slender (3).

Labial palpi' fihorter than the head, slender, slightly curved up-
ward, 3-jointed, 1st joint robust, broadest at its base, 2nd not
so long, somewhat attenuated, 3rd as long as the 2nd, but more
slender (4 &4 a).
Head globose. Eyes covering the side of the head (7, the head in pro-
file). Wings extended horizontally when at rest, anterior composed
of 2, posterior of 3 rays, the abdominal one sometimes having a lobe
on the internal side. Abdomen long, slender, linear in the males,
subfusiform in the females. Legs long, hinder pair the longest.
C0CCB8 very long. Thighs rather short. Tibiae, anterior 7wt so long
as the basal joint of the tarsus, having a flat process or bundle of
scales on the internal side, 2nd pair terminated by two long spurs,
3rd pair very long, being furnished with 2 pair of spurs. Tarsi
5-jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws venj minute (8, afore leg).
Larvfe with \6feet, sparingly covered with hair.
Pupae pilose, suspended by a thread.

Spilodactylus Nob.

White, inclining to straw-colour. Antennae subochraceous be-
neath. Eyes blackish. Head thorax and abdomen sometimes
rather darker straw-colour. Wings, anterior with the costal
margin and the base pale fuscous, a rhomboidal spot at the
middle of the costa extending obliquely across the wing, in-
terrupted by the nervure, fuscous 3 2 spots near the apex upon
the superior plume and 2 or 3 upon the inferior one of the same
colour : inferior wings pale fuscous, variegated with whitish ; 4
anterior legs above, and thighs of posterior pair fuscous. Be-
neath white, fuscous at the base of the wings and spotted or va-
riegated with the same colour towards their extremities.

In the Cabinets of Mr. Spnrshall and the Author.

The little moths included in the genus Pterophonis are re-
markable for the delicacy and beauty of their form, the wings
being divided and having the appearance of 10 or fewer fea-
thers. Reaumur has given figures of the caterpillar and pupa,
which last is remarkable in its form. Mr. Dale has reared a
species, and I have found and bred P. tetradactylus myself:
the perfect insects fly slowly in the evening.

Mr. Haworth's Lepidoptera Britannica (in which our spe-
cies are described with the exception of 5) being in few hands,
we shall give the best systematic arrangement of the group we
are able.

A. Abdominal ray not lobed.

1. P. tetradactylus Vill., Haw.

1. ochrodactylus Fab.? Haw. Mss.

3. pentadactylus Linn., Dmi. ^. 110.

4. galactodactylus Hub., Haiv. — albodactylus Fab.

5. spilodactylus Nob.

6. tridactylus Li7in.

7. citridactijhis Haw. Mss.

8. leucodactylus Hub., Haw., Fab.?

9. pterodactylus Linn., Hiib., Haw.

10. monodactylus Linn.? Haw., Reaum. 1. 20. f. 7 — 18.

11. tephradactijlus Hiib.

12. bipunctidactylus Vill., Haw.

13. fuscodactylus Vill., Haxu.

14. pallidactylus Haw. — ochrodactyla Hiib. ?

15. migadactylus Haw., Fab.?

16. plueodactylns Steph. Mss.

17. lunaedactylus Haw. 477. 10.

B. Abdominal ray producing a bundle of scales forming a
lobe on the internal maroin.

18. P. didactylus Linn., Don. 9. 318. — /3. heterodactylus Vill.

19. rhododactylus Fab., Hiib.

20. trigonodactylus Haw. 478. 13.

21. calodactylus Fab., Hiib.

22. tesseradactylus Linn.

23. punctidactylus Haw. 479. 16.

24. microdactylus Sam. — parvidactyla Haw.

For a male of the rare species figured we are indebted to
Mr. Joseph Sparshall, who met with it in some abundance upon
the plant which accompanies it, on the 8th of July 1824, upon
a heath near Mildenhall, Suffolk.

The plant is Artemisia Absinthium (Common Wormwood).

dgs

695.

ALUCITA HEXADACTYLA.

The twenty-four plume or fan Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Ahicitidse Lea. Pteropho-

rites Lat.

Type of the Genus, Alucita hexadactyla Linn.

Alucita Linn., Hub., Curt. — Pterophorus Fab. — Orneodes Lat., Och.
AntenncE inserted in front of the crown, close to the eyes, short,
very slender and cajjillary, composed of numerous scaly joints,
pubescent beneath (1).

Matidibles remote, small, elongate-trigonate, ciliated internally.
Maxillce spiral, very slender and twice as long as the palpi, but
scarcely so long as the antennae (3).

Labial pafpi rather long, porrected considerably beyond the head,
triarticulate, basal joint robust, cleaver-shaped, 2nd long, stout,
somewhat shuttle-shaped and densely clothed with scales, pro-
jecting beyond the apex beneath, 3rd joint recurved, slender,
nearly as long as the 2nd, clothed with minute scales (4 and 4 a).
Head globose, densely clothed with hairy scales (7, the profile) : eyes
globose and prominent : ocelli 2, distinct. Thorax small and round.
Abdomen moderately long, linear and a little tufted at the apex in
the male, stouter and conical in the female. Wings expanded like
a fan in repose, each composed of 6 rays, beautifully and densely
ciliated on both sides (9 the apical portion). Legs long and slender,
especially the hinder : coxae, anterior long and stout : thighs, ante-
rior the shortest as well as the tibiae, these have an internal spine ;
intermediate with an unequal pair of long spurs at the apex, hinder
very long, with a tuft of bristles outside towards the base, a pair of
ufiequal spurs at the apex, and a longer pair a little below the
middle (Sf) .• tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint the longest: claws and
pulvilli extremely minute.
Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae inclosed
in transparent silken cocoons. Lat.

Hexadactyla Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1041. 1.
In the Author s and other Cabinets.

The moths forming this httle group are the most beautiful
objects that can be conceived when at rest, with their wings

expanding precisely like a fan : there are six rays in each
wing, forming as many perfect feathers, which are beautiful
even to the naked eye, but when magnified they become still
more interesting objects for our contemplation ; there are alto-
gether 2'1< of these feathers, which are in truth the nervures,
and being fringed on both sides, when they are expanded these
feathers touch, so as to form wings which enable this little
animal to fly with ease.

Three species are recorded as British, but I think it is very
doubtful whether they be any more than varieties. The spe-
cimen figured is unquestionably A. hexadactyla, yet the mark-
ings agree well with those of the A. poiydacti/la of Hiibner.

1. hexadactyla Lin7i. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 695 J.
Fuscous ochre freckled with brown : abdominal segments
with narrow white margins and a line of black dots down
each side : superior wings with 5 violaceous-black spots on
the costa margined with ochre, the 3rd uniting with a broader
fascia across the middle, having pale edges; a similar but
narrower fascia beyond it, vanishing towards the posterior
angle : inferior wings with 4 narrow denticulated ochreous
lines ; the rays dotted with black, all oclireous at the apex
with a black dot.

This is common in houses, buildings in gardens, &c. from
the end of March to October, and sometimes in the winter
also. The larva feeds on the honeysuckle, but I know of no
figure of it.

2. polydactyla Hilh. Aluc. tab. 6.f. 28 ? .

" Anterior wings yellowish red, with a violaceous fascia edged
with white."

3. pcecilodactyla Ste. 111. 4. 379. 3.

" Wings cinereous-ochre, with 2 irregular fascise and fus-
cous dots."

This and No. 2. have been taken in June near Brocken-
hurst, in the New Forest.

The Plant is Medica";o maculata. Heart Medick.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Order 9. LEPIDOPTERA. Vol. VI.

507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
518.
519.

520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
531.
532.
533.
534.
535.
536.
537.
538.

riate.

. 424
. 615
. 113
. 82
. 225
. 33
. 467
. 300
. 607
. 707
. 296
. 759
. 447

Fara. GEOMETRID^.

Psodos equestrata
Nyssia zonaria .
Alcis sericearia .
Cleora cinctaria .
Speranza sylvaria
Bupalus favillacearius .
Aspilates gilvaria . .
Hipparchus smaragdarius
Ennomos angularia
Eubolia cervinaria . .
Zerynthia latentaria .
Venusia cambrica . .
Ephyra pictaria . . .

Fam. PHAL^NIDiE.

Charissa operaria .... 105
Boarmia tetragonaria . . . 280
Hybernaria defoliaria . . . 703
Pachycnemia hippocastanaria 611
Thera coniferata . . . .519
Lobophora polycommata . . 81
Eupithecia linariata ... 64

Hyria auroraria 523

Veiiilia 4-maculata .... 647

Siona dealbata 691

Abraxas ulmata 515

Zerene plumbata .... 643
Electra albocrenata . . . 603
Larissa imbutata .... 324
Phibalapteryx virgata . . . 623
Melanippe Blomeri. . . .416
Acidalia degeneraria . . . 384

Macaria liturata 132

Ourapteryx sambucaria . . 508

Fara. FALCARIDiE.

539. Platypteryx falcataria . . . 555

Fam. TORTRICIDiE.

540. Halias Quercana . . . .575

541. Tortrix galiana 763

542. Amphisa Walkerana . . . 209

543. P;cdisca semifasciana . . . 571

544. Penthina Grevillana . . . 567

545. Spilonota marmorana . . . 551

546. Zeiraphera hastiana . . . 711

547. Anchylopera ustomaculana . 376

548. Philalcea Juliana .... 583

549. Carpocapsa Leplastriana . . 352

550. Bactra pauperana .... 599

551. Cnepliasia bellana .... 100

552. Orthotaenia turionella . . . 364

553. Cochylis rupicola . . . .491

554. Teras excavana 699

555. Leptogramma irrorana . . 440

556. Peronea ruficostana ... 16

557. Sarrothripus ramosanus . . 29

558. Nola monachalis .... 428

559. Simaethis Myllerana . . .320

Fam. CRAMBID^.

560. Pyrausta cingulalis . .

561. Ilydrocampa stratiotata

562. Scopula longipedalis .

563. Odontia dentalis . .

Fam. PYR.\LIDiE.

564. Pyralis cribralis .

565. Hypena crassalis

Fam. CRAMBIDiE.

566.
567.
568.
569.
570.

Asopia pictalis . . .

Aglossa Streatfieldii .

Galleria mellonella . .

Meliana flammea . .

Chilo lanceolellus . .

571. Harpipteryx scabrella .

572. Nascia cilialis . . .

573. Crambus radiellus . .

574. Phycita pinguis . . .

575. Eudorea mm'ana . .

Fam. TINEIDjE.

576. Diurnea novembris . .

577. Cocbleophasia tessellea

578. Adela Frischella . . .

579. (Ecophora sulphurella .

580. Aplota Robertsoiiella .

581. Depressaria Bluntii

582. Anacampsis longiconiis

583. Laverna ochraceella .

584. Chelaria rhomboidella.

585. Cleodora cytisella . .

586. Batia lunaris ....

587. Porrectaria albicosta .

588. Damopbila trifolii . .

589. Pancalia Woodiella. .

590. Glyphipteryx Liiineella

591. Argyromiges autiimnella

592. Ederesa semitestacella.

593. Yponomeuta echiella .

pusiella .

594. Cerostoma annulatella .

595. Acrolepia betulella . .

596. Euplocamus mediellus .

597. Tinea corticella . . .

598. Lepidocera Birdella

599. Incurvaria masculella .

600. Lampronia luzella . .

601. Eriocephala calthella .

602. Gracillaria anastomosis

603. Chrysocorys scissella .

Fam. PTEROPHORIDiE.

604. Adactylus Bennetii . . .

605. Pterophorus spilodactylus.

Fam. ALUCITIDyE.

606. Alucita hexadactyla. . .

128
495
312
563

527

288

503
455
587
201
727
535
559
109
233
170

743
487
463
408
655
221
189
735
368
671
543
687
391
304
152
284
719
412
ib.
420
679
591
511
344
607
639
751
479
663

471
161

695

p^

ALPHABETICAL LNDEX OF

C^"^^ Plate,

^(/■•Abraxas ulmata 515

^ -Acidalia degeneraria 384

2? -lAcrolepia betulella 679

<^1< -Adactylus Bennetii 471

7a-Adela Frischella 463

^; -Aglossa Streatfieldii 455

3 -Alcis sericearia 113

/ i) ii -Alucita hexadactyla 695

54-Amphisa Walkerana 209

7^-A.nacampsis longicornis .... 189
V/— Anchylopera ustomaculana . . . 376
7'/-Aplota Robertsonella .... 655
% 5"-Argyromiges autumnella .... 284

LO -Asopia pictalis 503

jT-Aspilates gilvaria 467

YV-I^actra pauperana 599

■Jti-Batia luuaris 543

i-S'-Boarmia tetragonaria 280

^''Bupalus favillacearius .... 33
^3-Carpocapsa Leplastriana .... 352
^^'-Cerostoma annulatella .... 420

/|/-Charissa operaria 105

7^ -Chelaria rhomboidella .... 368

ti|-Chilo lanceolellus 727

^■; -Chrysocorys scissella 663

V^-Cleodoracytisella 671

y^ -Cleora cinctaria 88

i^£ -Cnephasia bellana 100

7/ --Cochleophasia tessellea .... 487

'^7 -Cochylis rupicola 491

b'f -Crambus radiellus 109

■^^-Damophila trifolii 391

Aa/HDepressaria Bluntii 221

70 — Diurnea novembris 743

7 f^ "Ederesa semitestacella .... 719

^o —Electra albocrenata 603

^ -JEnnomos angularia 667

/3 -Ephyra pictaria 447

7;'-Eriocephala calthella 751

/O"^ubolia cervinaria 707

(S>'7-Eudorea murana 1 70

^.cEupithecia Unariata 64

90 -Euplocamus mediellus .... 591

i)&. -€alleria raellonella 587

•g^i^^Glyphipteryx Linneella .... 152
^L -Gracillaria anastomosis . . . .479

3*^ HHalias quercana 575

fe ^"-Harpipteryx scabrella .... 535
^ -^ipparchus smaragdarius . . . 300

J(> -Hybernia defoliaria 703

i i»Hydrocampa stratiotata .... 495

LEPIDOPTERA. Vol. VL n

Plate.

Hypena crassalis 288 "J 7

Hyria auroraria 523-»?/

Incurvaria masculella 607" 73

Lampronia luzella 639~9^

Larissa imbutata 324-''^ 1

Laverna ochraceella 735-77

Lepidocera Birdella 344-- ^A

Leptogramma iiTorana .... 440- H^
Lobophora polycommata . . . 81"/?

Macaria Uturata 132-3f

Melanippe Blomeri 416"*<A?

Meliana flammea 201-' ^3

Nascia ciUabs 559- ]>(,

Nola monachalis 428" 5c?,

Nyssia zonaria 615"«^

Odontia dentaUs 563-5^7

(Ecopbora sulphurella .... 408- "73

Orthotaenia turionella 364- "^^

Ourapteryx sambucaria .... 508-5 a
Pachycnemia bippocastanaria . . 611-i7

Paedisca semifasciana 571-3''

PancaUa Woodiella 304- "^S

Pentbina Grevillana 567-3^

Peronea ruficostana 16-^0

Phibalapteryx virgata .... 623-p?

Philalcea JuHana 583- ^"=2.

Pbycita pinguis 233— M

Platypteryx falcataria .... 555- B3

Poirectaria albicosta 687-?/

Psodos equestrata 424-/

Pteropborus spilodactylus . . . 161-* 7^

PjTabs cribrabs 527"'^^

Pyrausta cingulaUs 128 "-^T

Sarrothripus ramosanus .... 29—5/

Scopula longipedalis 312—^

Simaethis Myllerana 320 -i'?

Siona dealbata 691-^3

Speranza sylvaria 225-J

Spilonota marmorana .... 551-5'?

Teras excavana 699 -V-J

Thera coniferata 519'^/*

Tinea corticella 511 -^/__

Tortrix gabana 763- 3i>

Venilia 4-niaculata 647-'?'^

Venusia cambrica 759'*/ol.

Yponomeuta echiella 412 -? 7

pusiella ib. --'?7

Zeiraphera bastiana 711'* 'i'^^

Zerene plumbata 643 '-^^^

Zerynthia latentaria 296'// '

ERRATA.

Folio. Line.
29 ybr Ramosana, degenerana, &c.
rea(f Ramosanus,degeaeranus ,
&c.
SS'' 7 ybr Gamlung read Samlung.

14 /or Beegiarius read Belgiarius.
88'' Geometra taneraria, Hiib. :

belongs to this genus.
HOt" 23 after unca addWuh., Haw.—

uncana.
161 23 for Coccae read Coxae.

Folio. Line.

312 4 for nebulalis Hub. read nebu-
lalis Haw., whieb is the pru-
nalis of the Wien. Verz.
add, at the bottom of the page,
The Plant is Verbascum Thap-
sus (Great Mullein).
4 for Irish read Highland.
9 after external add maxillary.
37 for 14 read 12.

344''

424
559
659

^^a

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V. 6 British entomology;