MR.S  COLONEL  BOOTH 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Getty  Research  Institute 


https://archive.org/details/britishflowergar01swee 


t 


THE 


BRITISH 

FLOWER  GARDEN; 


CONTAINING 

Coioum  jftgurrs  & Dr  sniptions 

OF  THE 

MOST  ORNAMENTAL  $ CURIOUS 

HARDY  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS, 


INCLUDING 


ANNUALS,  BIENNIALS,  & PERENNIALS ; 


WITH  THEIR 


SCIENTIFIC  AND  ENGLISH  NAMES; 

BEST  METHOD  OF  CULTIVATION  AND  PROPAGATION; 
THE  HEIGHTS  THEY  GENERALLY  ATTAIN  ; 

Or  any  other  Information  respecting  them  that  may  be  considered  useful  or 

entertaining. 


BY 

ROBERT  SWEET,  F.L.S. 

Author  of  Hortus  Suburbanus  Londinensis , Botanical  Cultivator , 
Geraniacece , the  British  Warblers,  Sfc.  tyc. 


The  Drawings  by  E.  D.  SMITH,  F.L.S. 


VOLUME  I. 


LONDON: 

PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  AUTHOR, 

BY  W.  SIMPKIN  AND  R.  MARSHALL, 

STATIONERS’-H ALL-COURT,  LUDG ATE-STREET. 


1823  to  1825. 


TILLING,  PRINTER,  CHELSEA 


BOOKS  QUOTED. 


Act . Soc . Asia*.  Asiatic  Researches,  or 
Transactions  of  the  Society  instituted 
in  Bengal,  4to.  Calcutta , 1788  et  seq. 
Adanson  Jam.  Adanson  (Michel.)  Fa- 
milies des  Plantes,  2vol.  8vo.  Paris, 1763. 
Andrewsys  reposit.  The  Botanist’s  Reposi- 
tory for  new  and  rare  Plants.  By  Henry 
Andrews,  4to.  London , 1797  et  seq. 

All.  pedem.  Allioni  (Carolus.)  Flora 
Pedemontana,  3 vol.  fol.  Taurini , 1785. 
Barton  fl.  amer.  Barton’s  Flora  of  North 
America,  4to. 

Best,  eyst.  vern.  ord.  Besler  (Basilius.) 
Hortus  Eystettensis,  2 vol.  fol.  Nu- 
remberg■,  1612. 

Bess.  cat.  h.  crem.  Besser  (Wilib.)  Ca- 
talogus  horti  Botanici  Wolhyniensis 
Cremenici,  8vo.  1811 — 1816. 

Bot.  mag.  Curtis  (William.)  The  Bo- 
tanical Magazine,  8vo.  vol.  1 to  12, 
continued  by  Dr.  J.  Sims.  London. 
Bot.  reg.  Edwards  (Sydenham.)  The 
Botanical  Register,  descriptions  by 
J.  B.  Ker,  8vo.  London. 

Brot.  ft.  lusit.  Brotero  (Felix  Avellar.) 
Flora  Lusitanica,  2 vol.  8vo.  Olissipo - 
none,  1804. 

Brown  prodr.  Brown  (Robertus.)  Pro- 
dromus  florae  novae  Hollandiae,  et  In- 
sulae van  Diemen,  vol.  1.  8vo.  Londini, 
1810. 

Cavanill.  ic.  Cavanilles  (Ant.  Jos.)  leo- 
nes et  Descriptiones  Plantarum  quae  aut 
sponte  in  Hispania  crescunt  aut  in  hor- 
tis  hospitantur,  6 vol.  fol.  Madriti . 

I.  1791.  VI.  1800. 

Column,  eephr.  Columna  (Fabius.)  Minus 
cognitarum  stirpium  Ecphrasis,  4to. 
Romce , 1616. 

Coin,  catal.  A Catalogue  of  Plants,  sold 
by  Colvill  and  Son,  Nursery  and  Seeds- 
men, King’s-road,  Chelsea,  near  Lon- 
don, 1821,  12mo. 

Colv.  catal.  ed.  2.  A Catalogue  of  Plants 
sold  by  James  Colvill,  Nursery  and 
Seedsman.  Second  Edition,  1823, 12mo. 
Curtis  magaz.  see  Bot.  mag. 

DC.  Astrag.  De  Candolle  (Augustin 
Pyramus.)  Astragalogia,  1 vol.  4to.  et 
fol.  Paris,  1802. 

DC.  hort.  monsp.  Id.  Catalogus  planta- 
rum horti  botanici  Monspeliensis  addito 
observationum  circa  species  novas  aut 
non  satis  cognitas  fasciculo,  1 vol.  8vo. 
Monspelii , 1813. 

DC.  ic.  gall.  rar.  Id.  leones  Plantarum 
Galliae  rariorum,  1 vol.  4to.  Paris,  1808. 
DC.  prodr.  Id.  Prodromus  Systematis 
naturalis  Regni  Vegetabilis,  vol.  1.  8vo. 
Parisiis,  1824. 

DC.  Reg.  veg.  syst.  nut.  Id.  Regni  Vege- 
tabilis Systema  Naturale,  vol.  1 et  2, 
8vo.  Parisiis,  v.  1,  1818,  v.  2,  1821. 
DC.  theor.  Id.  Theorie  Hementaire  de 
la  Botanique,  1 vol.  8vo.  Paris , 1813. 
Deless.  ic.  sel.  Delessert  (Benj.)  leones 
selectae  plantarum  in  system,  univers. 
descriptarum,4to.  Paris,  fasc.  1,1820. 
fasc.  2,  1823. 


Desfont.  arb.  Desfontaines(Ren6Louiche.) 
Histoire  des  arbres  et  arbrisseaux  qui 
peuvent  titre  cultiv6s  en  pleine  terre  sur 
le  sol  de  la  France,  2 vol.  8vo.  Paris, 
1809. 

Desf.  atl.  Id.  Flora  Atlantica,  2 vol. 
4to.  Paris,  1798  et  1799. 

Dill  elih.  Dillenius  (Joh.  Jac.)  Hortus 
elthamensis,  2 vol.  fol.  Londini,  1732. 

Donncant.  Donn  (James.)  Hortus  Can- 
tabrigiensis,  8vo.  Cambridge. 

Don  prodr.  jl.  nep.  Don  (David.)  Pro- 
dromus Florae  Nepalensis,  12mo.  Lon- 
dini, 1825. 

F lor.  peruv.  Ruiz  (Hippol.)  et  Pavon 
(Jos.)  Flora  Peruviana  et  Chilensis 
prodromus,  sive  novorum  generum 
descriptiones  et  icones,  fol.  Madrid , 
1794. 

Gcert.  sem.  Gaertner  (Josephus.)  De 
Fructibus  etseminibus  plantarum,  2 vol. 
4to.  Lipsice,  1788.  II.  Ibidem,  1791. 

Gmel.  sibir.  Gmelin  (Joh.  Georg.)  Flora 
Sibirica,  4 vol.  4to.  Petropoli,  1747 — 
1769. 

Gnu.  Jl.  monsp.  Gouan  (Anton.)  Flora 
Monspeliaca,  1 vol.  Svo,  Lugduni,  1765. 

Haworth  sax.  enum.  Haworth  (Adrian 
Hardy.)  Saxifragearuni  Enumeratio, 
or  a new  arrangement  of  all  the  known 
species  and  varieties  of  that  intricate 
Tribe  of  Plants,  1 vol.  Svo.  London, 
1823. 

Haworth  supp.  pi.  succ.  Id.  Supplemcn- 
tum  Plantarum  Succulentarum,  1 vol. 
12mo.  Londini,  1819. 

Hooker  exot.  Jlor.  Hooker  (W.  Jackson.) 
Exotic  Flora,  8vo.  1823  et  seq. 

Hornem.  ha/n.  Hornemann  (J.  W.)  Hor- 
tus regius  botanicus  Hafniensis,  8vo. 
Hafnice.,  1813.  Supplementum,  12mo. 
1819. 

Hort.  berol.  Hortus  Berolinensis.  Fasc. 
fol.  Berolini,  1806  et  seq. 

Hort.  cliff.  Linnaeus  (Carolus.)  Hortus 
Clifford  anus,  1 vol.  fol.  Amstelodami, 
1737. 

Hort.  Kew.  Hortus  Kewensis.  ed.  2d. 
5 vol.  Svo.  London,  1810  — 1813. 

Hort.  sub.  lond.  Sweet  (Robert.)  Hor- 
tus Suburbanus  Londinensis,  or  a Cata- 
logue of  Plants  cultivated  in  the  Neigh- 
bourhood of  London,  1 vol.  8vo.  Lon- 
don, 1818. 

Hort.  trans.  Transactions  of  the  Horti- 
cultural Society  of  London,  4to.  Lon- 
don, 1812  et  seq. 

Jacq.  aust.  Von  Jacquin  (Nicol.  Jos.) 
Florae  Austriacae  Icones,  5 vol.  fol. 
Vindobonce , 1773—1778. 

Jacq . hort . vindob.  Id.  Hortus  Botanicus 
Vindobonensis,  3 vol.  fol.  Vindobonce, 
1770-1776. 

Jacq.  icon.  rar.  Id.  Icones  Plantarum 
rariorum,  3 vol.  fol.  Vindobonce , 1781 
—1793. 

Jacq.  miscel.  Id.  Miscellanea  austriaca 
ad  botanicam  etc.  spectantia,  2 vol.  4to. 
Vindobonce , 1770—1781. 


BOOKS  QUOTED. 


iv 

Jacq.  schcenb . Id.  Plantarum  rariornra 
horti  caesarei  Sehnenbrunensis,  4 vol. 
fol.  Vienna,  1797—1804. 

Juss.  gen.  Jussieu  (Antoine  Laurent.) 
Genera  plantarum,  1 vol.  8vo.  Paris , 
1789. 

Kunth  Synops.  Kunth  (Carolo  Sigism.) 
Synopsis  Plantarum  aequinoctialium 
Orbis  novi,  vol.  1-3,  8vo.  Paris , 1822 
—1824. 

Lag.  gen.  et  spec.  Lagasca  (Mariano.) 
Genera  et  species  Plantarum  quae  aut 
novae  aut  nondum  reete  cognoscuntur, 
4to.  Madriti , 1810. 

4 Lamarck  encycl.  ) , 

i Lam.  diet.  $ Monet  de  la  Marck 
(Jean  Bapt.)  Encyclopedic  methodi- 
que  Botanique,  4to.  Paris,  1823  et  seq. 

Lam.  ill.  gen.  Id.  Illustration  des  Genres, 
4to.  Paris,  1791  et  seq. 

Link  enum.  Link  (H.  F.)  Enumeratio 
Plantarum  horti  regii  Botanici  B.eroli- 
nensis  altera,  vol.  2, 8vo.  Berolini , 1821 
—1822. 

Linn,  in  act.  upsal.  Linnaeus  (Carolus.) 
Acta  litteraria  et  scientiarum  Upsaliae 
aut  ab  academia  Upsaliensi  publicata, 

1720. 

Lin.  sp.  Id.  Species  Plantarum,  8vo. 
Holmice,  1753  et  seq. 

Linn,  trans.  Transactions  of  the  Linnean 
Society,  4to.  London , 1791—1824. 

Loddiges*  Bot . Cab.  Loddiges’  (Conrad.) 
and  Sons.  Botanical  Cabinet,  4to.  et 
12mo.  London,  1817—1825. 

Lour,  cochinch.  De  Loureiro  (Joannes.) 
Flora  Cochinchinensis,  2 vol.  4to. 
Ulyssipone,  1790,  ed.  II.  cur.  C.  L.Will- 
denow,  2 vol.  8vo.  Berolini , 1793. 

Marsh.  Bieb.  jlor.  taur.  cauc.  Marschall 
de  Bieberstein  (L.  B.  Fred.)  Flora 
Taurico-Caucasica,  8vo.  Charkovice, 
1808—1819. 

Meerb.ic.  Meerburg  (Nicol.)  Plantarum 
selectaruni  icones  pictae.  fol.  Lugd. 
Bat.  1798. 

Mich.  jlor.  amer.  Michaux  (Andre.)  Flora 
Boreali  Americana,  2 vol.  8vo.  Pari- 
siis,  1803. 

Miller’s  Gard.  diet.  Miller  (Philip.)  The 
Gardener’s  Dictionary,  fol.  London, 
1731—1768. 

Mor.  hist.  Morison  (Robert.)  Historia 
Plantarum  universalis  Oxoniensis,  2 vol. 
fol.  Oxonii , 1680. 

Nuttal.  gen.  amer.  Nnttall  (Thomas.) 
The  genera  of  North  American  Plants, 
and  a catalogue  of  the  species,  2 vol. 
12mo.  Philadelphia,  1818. 

Pallas  it.  Pallas  (Peter  Simon.)  Pallas 
Reise  durch  verschiedene  provintzen 
des  Russischen  Reichs.  3 vol.  4to. 
Petersburg,  1771-1776. 

Pers.  syn.  Persoon  (Christ.  Henr.)  Sy- 
nopsis Plantarum  sen  Enchiridium  Bo- 
tanicum,  2 vol.  12mo.  Paris.  I.  1805. 
II.  1807. 

PI.  rar.  hung.  Waldstein  (Franc.)  et 
Kitaibel  (Paul.)  Descriptiones  et  Ico- 
nes plantarum  rariorum  Hungarian, 

3 vol.  fol.  Vienna , 1802—1812. 


Poir.  diet.  Poiret  (J.  L.  M.)  Encyclo- 
pedia m£thodique,  Dictionnaire  de  Bo- 
tanique. Paris,  4to.  1804— 1808. 

Poir.supl.  Id.  Encyclopedic  m£thodique 
supplement  au  Dictionnaire  de  Botani- 
que, 4 to.  Paris,  1810—1816. 

Purshjl.  amer.  Pursli  (Frederick.)  Flora 
America  Septentrionalis,  2 vol.  8vo. 
London,  1814. 

Ramat.  injourn.  d.  hist.  nat.  Journal  d’his- 
toire  naturelle,  2 vol.  4to.  Paris,  1792. 

Redoute  liliac.  Redoute  (P.  J.)  Les 
Liliacles,  8 vol.  fol.  Paris,  1802—1816. 

Retz.  obs.  Retzius  (And.  Joh.)  Obser- 
vationes  Botanicae,  6 fasc.  fol.  1 ed.  I. 
4to.  Londini,  1774.  Ed.  II.  Lipsice, 
1779-1791. 

Rcem.  et  Schult.  syst.  veg.  Roemer  (J.  J.) 
et  Schultes  (F.  A.)  Systema  Vegeta- 
bilium,  Svo.  Stutgardice,  1817—1820. 

Roth  neue  Beytrage.  Roth  (Alb.  Willi.) 
Beitraege  zur  Botanik.  2 theil,  12mo. 
Bremen,  1782-3. 

Salisb.  parad.  Salisbury  (Rich.  Anth.) 
The  Paradisus  Londinensis,  the  figures 
by  W.  Hooker,  2 vol.  4to.  London , 
1805-1S08. 

Salisb.  prodr.  Id.  Prodromus  stirpiumin 
horto  ad  Chapel  Allerton,  1 vol.  8vo. 
London,  1796. 

Schkuhr  handb.  Schknhr  (Christ.)  Botan- 
isches  handbuch.  3theil,8vo.  1791—1803. 

Schrad.  ver.  Schrader  (Henr.  Adolph.) 
Commentatio  de  Veronicis  spicatis,  8vo. 
Gottingce,  1803. 

Schrank  hort . monac.  Schranck  (Franz 
von  Paula.)  Plantae  rariores  horti  Mo. 
nacensis.  Munich,  1817—1819. 

Sibth.  jl.  grcec.  Sibthorp  (John.)  Flora 
Graeca,  ed.  J.  E.  Smith,  fasc.  fol.  Lon- 
don, 1806  et  seq. 

Smith  exot.  bot.  Smith  (James  Edward.) 
ExoticBotany,  2vol.  London, 1804-1808. 

Smith  in  Rees’s  cycl.  Rees  (Abr.)  The 
new  Cyclopaedia.  The  Botanical  arti- 
cles by  Sir  J.  E.  Smith,  4to.  London. 

Sprengel  pug.  Sprengel  (Kurt.)  Plan- 
tarum minus  cognitarum  pugillus  primus, 
8vo.  Halce,  1813. 

Steudel  nomen.  Steudel  (Ern.)  Nomen- 
clator  Botanicus,  vol.  1,  8vo.  Stutt- 
gardtice  et  Tubingce.  1821. 

Swt.  hort.  brit.  Sweet  (Robert.)  Hortus 
Britannicus,  1 vol.  Svo.  London , inedit. 

Tenor  prod.  jl.  nap.  Tenore  (Michel.) 
Prodromus  Flora  Napolitana. 

Thunb.  jap.  Thunberg  (Car.  Petr.)  Flora 
Japonica,  1 vol.  8vo.  Lipsice,  1784. 

Vent.  hort.  cels.  Ventenat  (Etienne 
Pierre.)  Description  des  plantes  nou- 
velles  ou  peu  connues  du  jardin  de 
J.  M.  Cels.  1 vol.  fol.  Paris,  1800. 

Waldst.  et  Kitaib.  hung.  Vid.  PI.  rar.  hung. 

Walt,  jl  car.  Walter  (Thomas.)  Flora 
Caroliniana,  1 vol.  8vo.  Londini,  1788. 

Willd.  enum.  Willdenow  (Car.  Lud.) 
Enumeratio  plantarum  horti  bot.  Bero- 
linensis,  2 vol.  Svo.  Berolini , 1809. 
Suppl.  1813. 

Willden.  sp.  pi.  Id.  Species  Plantarum, 
vol.  5,  8vo.  Berolini,  1797—1810. 


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1 


GONOLOBUS  hirsutus. 


Hairy  Gonolobus. 


Natural  Order.  AsclepiadEjE.  Brown  prodr.  458. 
GONOLOBUS.  Masses  Pollinis  laeves,  10,  trans versa?. 
Corolla  subrotata.  Semina  comosa.  Brown  Hort.  Kew . 
ed.  2.  v.  2.  p.  82. 

Herbae  v.  Suffmtices  volubiles.  Folia  opposita , cor  data. 
Flores  umbellatiy  axillares  v.  terminates. 


G.  hirsutusy  sarmentis  petiolisque  hirsutissimis,  foliis  sensim 
acuminatis  utrinque  pubescentibus,  corolla?  laciniis  ob- 
longo-ovalibus  obtusis,  folliculis  oblongis  muricatis. 
Purshfl.  amer.  sept.  vol.  1.  p.  179. 

Gonolobus  hirsutus.  Mich.  Jlor . amer.  1.  p.  119.  Rcem.  et 
Schult.  syst.  veg.  6.  11.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  p . 51.  Steudel 
nomen.  p.  380. 

Vincetoxicmn  acanthocarpos.  Walt.  fl.  car.  104. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  herbaceous,  climbing, 
thickly  clothed  with  a dense  ferruginous  pubescence, 
and  longer  hairs  intermixed.  Leaves  opposite, 
cordate,  hairy  on  both  sides,  reticulately  veined ; 
lower  ones  very  large,  5 inches  long  and  4j  wide, 
roundly  cordate,  ending  abruptly  in  an  acute  point, 
the  sinus  overlapping  at  the  base:  upper  leaves 
narrowly  cordate,  gradually  tapering  to  a sharp 
point,  and  open  at  the  base,  about  2 inches  long,  to 
scarcely  1 wide.  Petioles  hairy,  on  the  lower  leaves 
long,  purple,  and  furrowed  on  the  upper  side  ; on 
the  upper  ones,  about  half  an  inch  long,  and  nearly 
cylindrical.  Umbels  many-flowered.  Peduncles 

B 


lateral,  not  so  long  as  the  pedicles,  densely  pubes- 
cent, as  is  the  pedicles  and  calyx  and  the  outside 
of  the  corolla.  Calyx  5-parted,  segments  short, 
lanceolate,  acute.  Corolla  of  1 petal,  rotate,  deeply 
5-parted,  of  a lively  brown  purple  colour  ; segments 
oblongly-oval,  obtuse,  spreading ; the  inside  smooth 
and  glossy,  the  outside  pubescent.  Crown  in  the 
centre  10-toothed,  with  smaller  teeth  between  them. 
Stamens  5.  Pollen  masses  10,  smooth.  Germens 
and  Stigmas  2.  Follicles  oblong,  hooked  at  the 
point,  muricate. 

For  the  opportunity  of  giving  a figure  of  this  rare 
and  handsome  plant,  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Knight, 
of  the  Exotic  Nursery,  King’s  Road,  Little  Chelsea, 
where  our  drawing  was  taken  in  September  last, 
and  the  fruit  was  added  in  October,  when  it  ripened. 
It  is  a native  of  North  America,  growing  spon- 
taneously, according  to  Pursli,  from  Pensylvania  to 
Carolina.  Mr.  Knight  has  it  cultivated  on  a little 
slope  of  peat  earth,  with  some  other  scarce  American 
plants : from  its  appearance,  we  suspect  it  will  grow 
to  the  height  of  ten  or  twelve  feet,  if  trained  up  a 
stick  or  trellis,  where  it  will  flower  from  June  to 
October,  if  the  weather  prove  favourable.  Pursli 
mentions  it  as  growing  in  hedges  near  rivulets  ; but 
we  should  think  it  not  adviseable  to  plant  it  in  a 
moist  situation  in  this  country,  as  its  tuberous  roots 
would  be  apt  to  suffer  from  too  much  wet.  The 
present  plants  were  in  a flourishing  state  in  a dry 
situation. 

We  have  no  doubt  but  it  might  be  increased  by 
dividing  the  roots,  as  well  as  by  seeds. 


1.  The  ten-toothed  crown  of  the  corolla  spread  open,  showing  the 
smaller  teeth  between  the  others.  2.  The  5 stamens  with  the  10  masses 
of  yellow  pollen,  one  on  each  side  of  the  anther.  3.  The  2 germens 
with  their  stigmas.  4.  Stigmas.  5.  The  full  grown  ripe  follicle,  ail 
magnified,  except  the  last. 


2 


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2 


DIANTHUS  latifolius. 

Broad-leaved  Pink . 


Natural  Order.  Caryoph yllej:.  Juss.  gen.  299. 
DIANTHUS.  Calyx  cylindricus,  longus  coriaceus, 
1-sepalus  ; basi  squamis  4-8.  Petala  5,  unguiculata.  Styli  2, 
saepe  recurvi.  Caps,  cylindrica,  1-locularis,  apice  dehiscens. 


D.  latifolius , floribus  aggregatis  racemoso-corymbosis, 
squamis  calycinis  lanceolatis  acutis  demum  calycem 
superantibus,  petalis  dentatis,  foliis  oblongo-lanceolatis 
trinerviis. 

Dianthus  latifolius,  Willd.  enum.  v.  1.  p.  466.  Link  enum. 
v.  l.p.  418.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  p.  99.  Steud.  nom.  p.  271. 


Root  perennial.  Plant  herbaceous,  short,  tufted. 
Leaves  sessile,  oblong’  lanceolate,  three-nerved, 
smooth,  of  a green  opaque  colour,  margins  rough ; 
root  leaves  from  4 to  5 inches  long,  and  I of  an  inch 
wide,  bluntish,  or  ending  abruptly  in  an  acute  point ; 
stem  leaves  opposite,  shorter  and  acute.  Flower- 
stem  obsoletely  4-sided,  slightly  channelled,  smooth. 
Flowers  loosely  aggregate,  racemosely-corymbose, 
sessile.  Scales  of  the  Calyx  4,  leafy,  widely  lan- 
ceolate, taper-pointed,  about  the  length  of  the  calyx 
before  the  flowers  expand,  afterwards  growing  to 
nearly  the  length  of  the  petals,  margins  membrana- 
ceous near  the  base.  Calyx  of  1 sepal,  tubular, 
cylindrical,  channelled  with  numerous  furrows, 
5-cleft;  segments  taper-pointed,  longer  than  the 
ungues.  Petals  5,  unguiculate,  with  broad  lamina, 
which  are  deeply  crenate,  of  a bright  dark  red  or 
purple,  with  a dark  circle  near  the  base.  Filaments 

b 2 


10,  inserted  in  the  receptacle.  Anthers  incumbent, 
2-celled.  Capsule  smooth,  cylindrical.  Styles  2, 
smooth.  Stigmas  2,  red  and  feathered. 

This  plant,  as  Mr.  Milne  noticed  to  us,  is  as  near 
as  possible  intermediate  between  D.  harhatus  and 
D.  chinensis . It  differs  from  the  former,  in  its 
flowers  not  being  fascicled  and  double  the  size,  in 
the  scales  of  the  calyx  being  broader,  and  in  its  more 
compact  and  shorter  growth ; from  the  latter,  it 
differs  altogether  in  habit,  but  its  flowers  are  very 
similar;  it  is  a very  ornamental  herbaceous  perennial, 
and  continues  to  flower  the  greater  part  of  the  sum 
mer,  and  till  late  in  autumn ; it  scarcely  attains  to 
a foot  in  height,  oftener  being  only  6 or  8 inches ; 
but  that  depends  chiefly  on  the  situation  where  it 
grows.  It  delights  in  a light  rich  garden  soil,  in  a 
dryish  situation,  as  it  would  be  apt  to  rot  if  the 
ground  was  too  moist ; it  is  also  a very  proper  plant 
for  ornamenting  rock  work,  in  which  it  would  appear 
to  great  advantage.  It  may  be  increased  by  cuttings 
planted  under  a hand-glass  in  the  open  ground,  in  a 
shady  situation ; but  they  must  be  planted  thinly, 
or  they  will  damp  off;  when  rooted,  they  must  be 
hardened  to  the  air  by  degrees,  and  may  then  be 
planted  where  they  are  to  remain. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Messrs. 
Whitley,  Brames,  and  Milne,  of  Fulham,  in 
September  last. 


I.  Stamens  and  pistils  divested  of  the  corolla  and  calyx.  2.  The  10 
stamens  spread  open,  all  joined  at  the  base.  3.  The  2 styles  terminated 
vvith  2 simple  incurved  stigmas.  4.  Germen,  all  natural  size. 


3 


COMMELINA  ccelestis. 


Sky-blue  Commelina . 


Natural  Order.  CommelinExE.  Brown  prodr.  268. 

COMMELINA.  Perianthium  sexpartitum,  inaequale; 
foliola  3 exteriora  extus  calycina,  persistentia : interiora 
petaloidea,  unguiculata,  decidua,  tertia  quandoque  dissimili 
v.  abortiente.  Stamina  sex  (v.  5.)  Antherarum  3,  (nunc  2-4) 
dissimiles  : vix  polliniferss.  Involucrum  monophyllum, 
conduplicatum  v.  cucullatum,  persistens,  capsulas  includens. 

Herbse  sespe  diffuses.  Folia  vagina  Integra.  Pedunculus 
apice  fasciculatim  multiflorus,  Jloribus  hermaphroditis : allero 
exteriore  unifloro  masculo  seepius  stipatus.  Brown  prodr.  269. 


C.  ccelestis , corollis  agqualibus,  involucris  cordatis  acuminatis 
eonduplicatis,racemis  multifloris,  pedunculis  pubescentibus, 
pedicellis  glabris,  foliis  oblongo-lanceolatis  sessilibus  gla- 
bris  : margine  undulalis,  vaginis  ciliatis,  caule  erecto. 

Commelina  ccelestis.  Willd.enum,  v.  \.p.  69.  Link  enum. 
v.  1.  p.  61.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  p.  12.  Ucsm.  et  Schult. 
syst.  1.  p.  538.  Steud.  nom.  p.  214. 

Commelina  tuberosa.  Bot.  mag.  1695. 


Root  perennial,  composed  of  a fascicle  of  long 
subcylindrical  tubers.  Stems  several  from  the  same 
root,  erect,  smooth,  slightly  furrowed,  not  much 
branched.  Leaves  sessile,  sheathing  the  stem, 
oblongly  lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  undulate,  smooth 
but  fringed  at  the  base,  7-nerved.  Sheaths  fringed. 
Peduncles  terminal  and  axillary,  densely  pubescent, 
scarcely  as  long  as  the  leaf.  Involucre  cordate, 
taper-pointed,  pubescent,  doubled  inwards  so  as  to 
cover  the  flowers  before  they  expand.  Raceme 
many-flowered,  inclosed  in  the  involucre.  Pedicles 
smooth,  bent  forward  before  the  flower  expands, 
erect  when  expanded,  afterwards  bent  backwards. 


Floiuer  6-parted,  of  a beautiful  sky-blue,  3 outer 
segments  calyx-like,  persistent ; 3 inner  ones  petal- 
like, unguiculate,  deciduous.  Stamens  6.  Anthers 
3 perfect,  and  3 barren;  fertile  ones  incumbent, 
oblong,  2-celled  ; sterile  ones  of  a different  shape, 
divided  into  4 parts,  yellow.  Style  smooth,  longer 
than  the  stamens.  Stigma  slightly  3-lobed. 

This  ornamental  plant  has  been  sometimes  con- 
fused with  C.  tuberosa,  from  which  it  differs  in 
several  respects ; this  having  smooth  leaves  and 
hairy  peduncles,  whereas  C.  tuberosa  has  hairy 
leaves  and  smooth  peduncles ; we  are  not  certain 
whether  C.  tuberosa  will  prove  to  be  so  hardy  as 
our  present  plant ; we  hope  to  ascertain  that  the 
present  season.  Plants  raised  from  seeds  early 
in  spring,  if  brought  forward  with  a little  artificial 
heat,  and  then  planted  in  the  open  ground,  will 
flower  in  autumn ; as  soon  as  their  tops  begin  to 
die  away,  the  roots  must  be  taken  up,  and  kept 
in  a little  dry  earth  or  sand,  out  of  the  reach  of 
frost,  till  the  following  spring,  in  the  same  manner  as 
Dahlias,  or  other  tuberous  roots.  The  latter  part  of 
April,  or  the  beginning  of  May,  according  as  the 
season  suits,  they  must  be  planted  in  the  ground  ; or 
they  might  be  brought  forward  earlier  in  a hot-house, 
or  green-house,  or  hot-bed  frame,  and  from  thence 
be  planted  into  the  flower  borders,  where  they  will 
continue  to  bloom  for  a considerable  time,  and  ripen 
their  seeds ; the  common  garden  soil  will  suit  them 
very  well,  the  lighter  and  more  sandy  the  better. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  in  September  last,  at  the 
Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  King’s  Road,  Chelsea. 


1.  The  fascicle  of  tuberous  roots,  natural  size.  2.  Germen.  3.  Style 
and  3-lobed  stigma.  4.  Three  fertile  stamens.  5.  Three  barren  ditto, 
divided  into  4 lobes,  all  slightly  magnified. 


2 


4 


RUDBECKIA  serotina. 

Late-flowering  hispid-stalked  Rudbeckia. 


Natural  Order . Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2. 103. 

RUDBECKIA.  Flores  radiati,  ligulis  neutris.  ( Invo - 
lucrum ) duplici  serie  polyphyllum  subsequalis  patens.  Semina 
apice  marginata,  margine  membranaceo  4-dentato.  Recepia - 
culum  (paleaceum,)  conicum. 

Herbse  alter  nif olice  t quaedam  asperse;  Flores  scepe  ter - 
minales ; discus  interdum  subfuscus ; ligulse  quarumdam 
luteo-crocece , in  R.  purpurea  (et  serotina)  purpurascentes. 
Juss.  gen.  189. 


R.  serotina , caule  hispido,  foliis  inferioribus  lato-ovatis  basi 
attenuatis  remote  dentatis  asperrimis  : caulinis  lanceolato- 
ovatis  utrinque  acuminatis  subintegerrimis,  radiis  paten- 
tibus  apice  tridentatis. 

Rudbeckia  purpurea^  @ serotina.  Nuttal. 

Rudbeckia  speciosa.  Hortulanorum . Link  enum.  v . 2.  p.  353. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  several  from  the  same 
root,  from  2 to  5 feet  high,  branching,  thickly  clothed 
with  short  stiff  hairs.  Leaves  very  rough ; root  ones 
very  large,  widely  ovate,  tapering  at  both  ends, 
distantly  and  unequally  toothed,  from  3 to  5-nerved  : 
stem  leaves  much  narrower,  lanceolately  ovate,  entire 
or  scarcely  toothed.  Petioles  on  the  root  leaves 
very  long,  sheathing  at  the  base,  deeply  channelled 
on  the  upper  side,  and  bluntly  keeled  on  the  lower. 
Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves,  furrowed,  much 
swollen  near  the  flower,  thickly  clothed  with  short 
stiff  hairs.  Involucre  many-leaved  ; scales  lanceo- 
late, acute,  concave,  ciliate,  reflexed,  in  three  tiers 
one  above  the  other,  the  lower  ones  generally  the 
longest.  Receptacle  conical,  chaffy.  Chaff  longer 
than  the  florets  of  the  disk,  very  rigid,  the  lower  part 
keeled  and  green,  the  point  cartilaginous,  bluntish, 
of  a brownish  horn  colour.  Rays  barren,  broadly 
ligulate,  narrow  at  the  base,  point  3-toothed,  strongly 


nerved  underneath,  and  furrowed  on  the  upper  side, 
of  a light  purple  colour  ; in  the  floret  is  the  rudiment 
of  two  hair-like  stigmas.  Florets  of  the  disk  tubular, 
5-toothed,  much  shorter  than  the  chaff.  Stamens  5, 
filaments  distinct.  Anthers  joined  into  a tube, 
exserted  above  the  floret,  scarcely  the  height  of  the 
chaff.  Pollen  bright  yellow.  Style  green,  smooth. 
Stigmas  2,  purple,  refiexed,  feathered  at  the  point. 
Seeds  angular,  crowned  with  a 4-toothed  pappus, 
and  between  the  4 teeth  are  several  other  smaller 
ones. 

This  stately  herbaceous  perennial  is  a native  of 
North  America,  and  has  been  introduced  to  our 
gardens  about  six  or  seven  years  since,  where  it  has 
generally  passed  under  the  name  of  R . speciosa; 
by  which  title  we  also  find  it  recorded  in  Professor 
Link’s  Enumeratio,  but  without  a description,  as  it 
is  said  not  to  have  flowered  in  their  garden  ; we  have 
no  doubt  but  it  is  the  R . purpurea  & serotina  of 
Nuttal,  though  he  describes  the  rays  as  bifid,  which 
in  ours  is  3-toothed.  Mcench  has  separated  R.  pur- 
purea from  the  other  species,  under  the  generic  name 
of  Echinacea ; should  it  be  hereafter  confirmed  as  a 
distinct  genus,  our  plant  will  rank  with  it  as  a second 
species:  their  rigid  chaff  and  habit  altogether  is 
certainly  very  different  from  the  others. 

The  present  plant,  in  strong  soil,  will  sometimes 
attain  the  height  of  5 feet;  in  poorer  soil,  it  will  be 
considerably  less.  It  begins  flowering  in  July,  and 
will  continue  in  bloom,  if  the  season  be  mild,  till  the 
middle  of  November.  It  will  thrive  well  in  any 
common  garden  soil,  and  increases  freely  by  seeds, 
or  dividing  the  roots. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr. 
Colvill,  in  September  last. 


1.  Barren  floret  of  the  ray,  natural  size.  2.  Scale  of  the  chaff.  3.  Seed 
with  its  toothed  pappus.  4.  Floret  of  the  disk.  5.  The  same  cut  open, 
to  show  its  5 distinct  filaments  and  connected  anthers.  6.  Style  and 
2 stigmas,  all  magnified. 


1 jU*  W 


G ■‘JxJ'rrufA'  Jt/j. 


.‘PtJb  Lf  JlxfivteL ,QheJ<><r*  <Jfvn/>  I'/h'Zd 


(EN OTHERA  macrocarpa. 

Large- capsuled  CEnothera. 


Natural  Order.  Onagrari^e.  Jussieu. 
CENOTHERA.  Calyx  4-fidus,  tubulosus.  Corolla 
5-petaIa ; petalis  integris.  Stamina  8 ; filamentia  omnia 
fertilia.  Stigm.  4-fidum.  Caps . 4-locularis,  4-valvis,  infera. 
Sem.  liuda,  receptaculo  centrali,  4-gono  affixa. 


CE.  macrocarpa , caule  diffuso  ramoso,  foliis  petiolatis  ellip- 
tico-lanceolatis  acutis  mucronatis  glanduloso-denticulatis 
integerrimisve  margine  nervisque  sericeo-albidis,  petalis 
obcordatis  venosis,  capsulis  quadrialatis  subsessilibus. 

CEnothera  macrocarpa.  Pursh  Flor.  Amer . Sept.  supp. 
p.  734.  excl.  syn.  Bot.  mag. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  of  a woody  texture  at  the 
base,  branching.  Branches  spreading,  covered  with 
a short  silky  pubescence,  furrowed,  thickly  clothed 
with  leaves.  Leaves  petioled,  elliptically  lanceo- 
late, acute,  mucronate,  entire,  or  sometimes  distantly 
toothed  with  small  glandular  teeth  ; margins  thicker, 
of  a horny  substance,  and  with  the  nerves  clothed 
with  a whitish  silky  down.  Petioles  downy,  about 
three  times  shorter  than  the  blade  of  the  leaf,  con- 
vex on  the  upper  part,  and  rounded  on  the  lower. 
Capsule  below  the  calyx,  thickly  clothed  with  white 
silky  hairs,  4- winged ; wings  growing  to  a great 
size  before  the  capsules  ripen.  Calyx  tubular,  tube 
in  our  specimen  four  inches  long,  of  a greenish 
white ; limb  spathaceous,  irregularly  spotted  with 
pale  purple,  sericeous,  split  on  one  side  for  the  ex- 
pansion of  the  petals,  and  divided  into  4 segments 
at  the  base,  which  are  joined  above  the  middle  and 
end  in  4 subulate  points.  Petals  4,  the  largest  in 


the  genus,  inserted  in  the  calyx,  obcordate,  but  end- 
ing in  a point,  m any-nerved,  margins  slightly  toothed, 
of  a light  yellow  colour.  Stamens  8,  also  inserted 
in  the  calyx.  Filaments  dilated  at  the  base,  and 
narrowed  upwards,  about  half  as  long  again  as  the 
anthers.  Anthers  linear,  2 celled,  bursting  in  front 
to  discharge  the  pollen,  which  is  pale  yellow.  Style 
smooth,  gradually  thickening  upwards.  Stigma 
4-cleft,  segments  cylindrical,  blunt,  spreading. 

The  present  ornamental  plant  produces  the 
largest  flowers  of  any  species  belonging  to  the  genus; 
it  has  been  confused  with  CE.  missourensis  of  the 
Botanical  Magazine , pi.  1592,  both  by  Pursh  and 
Nuttall.  Plants  of  both  species  are  now  growing  in 
the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  by  the  side  of  each 
other,  where  they  have  been  cultivated  for  several 
years,  without  varying  in  the  slightest  degree ; they 
both  produce  perfect  seeds,  and  the  young  plants 
raised  from  them  always  continue  true  to  their 
species.  The  difference  in  the  two  when  seen  grow- 
ing together,  is  very  striking ; the  leaves  of  CE.  macro - 
carpa  being  elliptical,  or  elliptically  lanceolate, 
tapering  at  both  ends  ; of  CE.  missourensis  linearly 
lanceolate,  the  stems  and  branches  of  the  latter  are 
longer  and  slenderer,  and  the  flowers  much  smaller ; 
but  they  are  both  very  ornamental  plants;  the 
CE.  alata  of  Nuttall,  belongs  to  the  latter  species, 
judging  from  his  description. 

This  plant  thrives  well  in  a rich  light  soil,  and  will 
grow  to  the  height  of  a foot,  or  18  inches,  if  sup- 
ported by  a stick ; but  its  more  natural  manner  of 
growth  is  to  trail  on  the  ground ; it  is  very  well 
suited  for  ornamenting  rock-work,  but  requires  room 
for  its  branches  to  spread ; it  may  be  readily  in- 
creased by  seeds ; or  young  cuttings,  planted  thinly 
under  a hand-glass,  will  soon  strike  root. 


1.  Stamen.  2.  Germen,  and  the  lower  part  of  the  style.  3.  Upper  part  of 
the  style  and  4-cleft  stigma,  all  natural  size. 


6 


' ^'j/i  . l/t  / 


ft  . Afn  ’/VSl! 


6 


CUSCUTA  verrucosa. 

W arted-calyxed  Nepaul  Cuscuta. 


Natural  Order.  Con  volvulaceai.  Brown  prodr.  481, 
Sect.  III.  Embryo  acotyledoneus. 

CUSCUTA.  Calyx  5-raro  4-fidus.  Corolla  globoso- 
urceolata,  limbo  5-fido,  marcescens.  Ovarium  2-loculare, 
loculis  dispermis.  Capsula  bilocularis,  circumscissa. 

Herbae  apliyllce , volubiles}  parasiticce . Flores  aggregati , 
subcapitati  v.  spicati,  unibracteati.  Squamae  5,  epipetalce, 
infra  jilamenta , iisdemque  opposite,  raro  dejicientes.  Brown 
prodr.  491. 


C.  verrucosa,  digyna,  stigmatibus  lanceolatis  obtusis  basi 
dilatatis  carnosis,  squamis  epipetalis  fimbriato-laceris, 
antheris  subsessilibus,  calycis  5-fidi  laciniis  rotundatis 
verrucosis. 


Parasitical  on  various  plants.  Stems  succulent, 
twining,  much  branched.  Branches  smooth  and 
glossy,  of  a brownish  green  colour,  or  sometimes 
purple,  irregularly  marked  with  purple  linear  spots, 
extending  to  a great  distance,  and  laying  hold  of 
every  branch  within  their  reach.  Racemes  numerous, 
often  3-flowered,  but  sometimes  9 or  10-flowered. 
Flowers  white  with  short  succulent  pedicles,  very 
fragrant.  Bractea  1 , sessile,  ovate,  obtuse,  concave, 
sheathing  the  pedicle.  Calyx  5-cleft,  segments 
roundish,  succulent,  persistent,  thickly  covered  with 
small  purple  warts.  Corolla  urceolate,  border  5-cleft, 
divisions  blunt,  reflexed  ; scales  5,  inserted  into  the 
base  of  the  corolla,  much  fringed  or  lacerated. 
Anthers  5,  nearly  sessile,  inserted  into  the  tube  just 
below  the  divisions  of  the  border,  and  extending  a 

c 2 


little  above  the  mouth.  Stigmas  2,  nearly  sessile, 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  widened  at  the  base,  succulent. 
Germen  waited. 

This  curious  parasitical  plant  was  raised  last 
Spring,  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  from  seeds 
sent  him  by  Mr.  George  Potter,  from  the  Botanic 
Garden  at  Calcutta,  where  they  had  been  received 
from  Nepaul ; soon  after  the  plants  came  up,  they 
died  off  at  the  bottom,  the  tops  catching  hold  of  the 
nearest  plant  within  their  reach,  and  soon  growing 
and  spreading  themselves  in  all  directions,  twining 
round  all  the  young  shoots  and  footstalks  of  the 
leaves,  where  they  thrust  out  a kind  of  teeth,  by 
which  they  inserted  themselves  into  the  plant.  The 
more  juicy  and  succulent  the  plant  is,  the  stronger 
they  grow  ; the  strong  growing  species  of  Pelargo- 
nium suits  them  admirably. 

The  plants  raised  in  Spring  began  flowering  in 
September,  and  soon  became  entirely  covered  with 
flowers  of  a most  delightful  fragrance,  somewhat 
resembling  a mixture  of  violets  and  cowslips  ; and  a 
plant  that  had  taken  hold  of  the  ivy  by  Mr.  Colvill’s 
shop,  soon  covered  a great  part  of  it,  where  it  con- 
tinued in  flower  till  the  very  severe  frost,  and  ripened 
its  seed.  Mild  Winters  it  would  survive  very  well, 
as  it  stood  several  severe  frosts  without  being  in- 
jured. It  might  be  treated  as  an  hardy  annual,  or 
may  be  kept  alive  through  the  Winter,  in  a frame  or 
greenhouse. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  showing  the  5 stamens,  and  5 fringed 
scales.  3.  One  of  the  scales  separated  from  the  corolla.  4.  Germen, 
terminated  by  2 fleshy  stigmas. 


f'OL ) .JrnitA .r/c'  ■ by  A/  t f /, 


A:  hrU  /■  /')  bd 


■ t . Htnu, 


J 


f '.  .)  £/■' 


JC'/ . h- 


7 


CHRYSANTHEMUM  sinense, 
var.  involutum. 

Curled  Lilac  Chinese  Chrysanthemum. 


Natural  Order . Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2. 103. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM . Ffores  radiati.  Involucrum 
hemisphaericum,  imbricatum ; squamis  marginalibus  mem- 
branaceis.  Recept.  nudum.  Pappus  nullus  s.  marginatus. 

(Suffrutices  aut  herbae ;)  caulis  simplex  aut  ramosus ; folia 
simplicia,  (lobata)  aut  pinnata;  flores  terminates , solitarii 
aut  corymbosi.  Juss.  gen.  183. 


C.  sinense,  foliis  petiolatis  sinuato-lobatis  dentatis  mucronatis 
subtus  incanis  stipulatis,  receptaculo  conico-convexo  palea- 
ceo  v.  nudo. 

Chrysanthemum  sinense.  Sabine  Mss. 

Chrysanthemum  purpureum.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  461.  Steud . 
nom.p.  193. 

Chrysanthemum  indicum.  Curtis  magaz.  327.  Hort.  Kew . 
ed . 2.  v.  5.  p.  95.  non  Linn. 

Anthemis  grandiflora.  Ramat.  in  jour.  d.  hist.  nat.  2.  p.  234. 
Desfont . arb.  1.  p.  315. 

Anthemis  artemisiaefolia.  Willden . sp.  pi.  3.  p.  2184.  Enum. 
911.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  192.  Link.  enum.  2.  p.  346. 

involutum , floribus  corymbosis  confertis  magnis  lilacinis ; 
medio  pallidioribus,  radiis  apice  involutis,  receptaculum 
globosum  paleaceum. 


Root  perennial,  tufted.  Stems  numerous,  woody 
at  the  base,  from  2 to  4 feet  high,  more  or  less 
branched,  obtusely  angular,  thickly  clothed  with  a 
dense  white  tomentum.  Branches  spreading,  and 
terminated  with  a compact  corymbus  of  flowers. 
Leaves  flat,  sinuately  5-lobed,  densely  tomentose, 
particularly  on  the  under  side,  much  dotted ; lower 
ones  about  4 inches  long,  to  2£  broad,  deeply  lobed, 
and  unequally  toothed;  lobes  and  teeth  rounded, 


very  obtuse ; upper  leaves  much  smaller,  and  point- 
ed ; lobes  and  teeth  sharply  acute.  Petioles  slightly 
winged,  shorter  than  the  leaf,  deeply  channelled  on 
the  upper  side,  and  bluntly  keeled  on  the  lower; 
densely  tomentose.  Stipules  of  various  forms,  gene- 
rally 2 or  3-forked;  segments  lanceolate,  on  the 
large  leaves  obtuse;  on  the  smaller  ones  acute, 
sometimes  toothed.  Peduncles  tomentose,  gradually 
increasing  in  size  upwards  ; the  lower  ones  longest. 
Involucre  hemispherical,  composed  of  numerous 
scales  over-lapping  each  other.  Scales  lanceolate, 
with  brown  membranaceous  margins.  Receptacle 
globular,  chaffy,  particularly  on  the  upper  part. 
Chaff  spatulate,  membranaceous,  of  a light  brown 
colour,  and  curved  inwards  like  the  rays.  Flowers 
full,  composed  wholly  of  rays,  without  florets  in  the 
centre.  Rays  open,  not  tubular,  twisted  or  curled, 
the  points  curved  inwards ; outer  ones  of  a dark 
lilac,  inner  ones  much  paler.  Stamens  none.  Style 
slender,  even  with  the  tube  of  the  ray.  Stigmas 
2,  recurved. 

One  of  the  beautiful  new  varieties  of  Chinese 
Chrysanthemum,  lately  introduced  into  the  Garden 
of  the  Horticultural  Society,  from  whence  it  is  now 
distributed  into  many  other  collections.  We  believe 
the  Society’s  collection  now  contains  nearly  thirty 
different  varieties,  many  of  which  are  very  hand- 
some ; we  have  drawings  of  several,  which  will  be 
published  in  our  future  numbers. 

The  introduction  of  so  many  beautiful  varieties  of 
the  Chinese  Chrysanthemums  is  a great  acquisition 
to  our  gardens,  particularly  as  they  begin  flowering 
in  Autumn,  after  most  other  flowers  are  overblown  ; 
they  will  grow  freely  in  any  common  garden  soil, 
but  should  be  planted  in  a south  border,  to  have 
them  flower  well ; they  may  be  increased  by  di- 
viding at  the  root,  or  by  cuttings  planted  under 
hand-glasses. 

1.  Floret  of  the  ray.  2.  Chaffy  receptacle  divested  of  the  calyx.  3.  Scale 
of  the  chaff  flattened  out. 


8 


PRIMULA  Palinuri. 


Unequal-br acted  Primrose. 


Natural  Order.  Primulacea;.  Brown  prodr.  427. 
PRIMULA.  Calyx  tubulosus  5-dentatus  persistens. 
Corolla  tubus  cylindricus ; ore  patulo ; limbo  emarginato. 
Stamina  5.  Stigma  1,  globosum.  Capsula  1-locularis ; ore 
10-fido. 


P.  Palinuri , foliis  obovatis  crenatis  glabris,  scapo  foliis  altiore 
laterali,  umbella  nutante,  involucro  inaequali  pedunculos 
subaequante,  corollae  limbo  margine  incurvo. 

Primula  Palinuri.  Willd . enum.  v . 1.  p.  191.  Link  enum. 
v . 1.  p.  158.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  p.  32.  Roem . et  Schult. 
syst.  4.  p.  138. 


Sub  caulescent.  Stem  short  and  stiff,  erect.  Leaves 
sessile,  obovate,  slightly  undulate,  deeply  crenate, 
with  rounded  points,  and  attenuate  at  the  base,  of  a 
greasy  appearance  and  very  soft,  but  scarcely  vis- 
cous, about  2 inches  broad,  and  4J  long;  when 
rubbed,  emitting  a powerful  fragrance  resembling 
Chamomile  or  Wormwood.  Scape  higher  than  the 
leaves,  viscid,  pubescent.  Umbel  many-flowered, 
nodding.  Involucre  of  several  unequal  leafy  bractes, 
some  longer,  others  about  the  length  of  the  pedun- 
cles. Bractes  obovate,  undulate,  entire.  Peduncles 
cylindrical,  a little  longer  than  the  calyx,  thickly 
covered  with  a white  powder.  Calyx  5-toothed, 
densely  clothed  inside  and  out  with  a white  mealy 
powder.  Corolla  tubular,  tube  nearly  twice  the 
length  of  the  calyx;  limb  scarcely  half  the  length  of 
the  tube,  emarginate;  sides  folded  inwards,  of  a 
bright  yellow  colour,  slightly  farinaceous,  with  a 
golden  circle  at  the  mouth.  Stamens  5,  oblong, 


sessile,  inserted  about  half  way  up  the  tube  of  the 
corolla.  Germen  globular,  farinaceous.  Style 
smooth,  even  with  the  mouth  of  the  corolla,  but 
lengthening  after  the  flower  is  over-blown.  Stigma 
capitate,  point  slightly  depressed. 

The  plant  from  which  our  drawing  was  taken,  was 
received  last  Summer,  by  Mr.  Colvill,  from  the 
Botanic  Garden  at  Berlin ; soon  after  its  arrival,  it 
flowered;  but  not  so  strong  as  it  did  the  second 
time,  which  was  the  latter  end  of  December,  when 
our  drawing  was  made.  It  had  been  protected 
under  a frame,  to  preserve  the  flower ; but  the  plant 
itself  is  quite  hardy.  It  is  nearly  related  to  P.  Au- 
ricula, but  is  a much  stronger  growing  upright  plant ; 
the  flowers  are  much  smaller,  not  unlike  the  Cowslip, 
which  it  also  resembles  in  fragrance.  It  may  be 
cultivated  successfully,  by  planting  it  in  a dry  border 
in  a light  loamy  soil ; or  it  may  be  grown  in  a pot, 
in  a mixture  of  sandy  loam  and  peat ; and  is  readily 
increased  by  seeds,  or  by  suckers  from  the  root. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 
3.  Stamen.  4.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma,  natural  size. 


o 

J 


f i Jtrall  dJL 


(y  Jl  t ULfft  Jfjay  / m:. 


„ / . A+J'dh’ 


9 


CYCLAMEN  vernum. 


Vernal  Cyclamen. 


Natural  Order.  Primulace^e.  Brown  prodr.  427. 
CYCLAMEN.  Calyx  5-fidus.  Corolla  rotata,  reflexa, 
tubo  brevissimo : fauce  prominente.  Stamina  5 ; antherse  con- 
niventes.  Stigma  1.  Bacca  tecta  capsula.  Scapi  1-Jlori ; 
jlores  nutantes. 


C.  vernum.  subcaulescens,  foliis  cordatis  subcrenulatis  apice 
emarginatis  ; sinu  subclauso,  corollae  laciniis  oblongo-ovatis, 
stylo  exserto. 

Cyclamen  vernum  minus  orbiculato  folio  inferne  rubente,  flore 
minore  ruberrimo.  Mor.  hist.  Lesser  spring  Sowbread  with 
roundish  leaves  of  a reddish  colour  underneath,  with  small 
deep  red  flowers.  Millers  Gard.  diet.  ed.  3.  Cvclamen 
No.  4. 

Cyclamen  vernale.  Steud.  nomen.  p.  247. 

Cyclamen  Coum.  Loddiges’  Bot.  cab.  no.  108.  nec  aliorum. 


Root  tuberous,  round  and  flat,  not  unlike  a Turnep ; 
of  a reddish  brown  colour.  Stems  short,  rough, 
branched,  and  clothed  with  numerous  leaves  and 
flowers.  Leaves  cordate,  concave,  slightly  crenulate, 
emarginate,  upper  side  green,  marked  with  an  unequal 
circle  of  white,  underneath  of  a reddish  purple  ; sinus 
overlapping  at  the  base.  Petioles  longer  than  the  leaves, 
nearly  cylindrical,  crooked,  very  slender  near  the  base. 
Peduncles  reaching  a little  above  the  leaves,  gradually 
tapering  upwards,  1-flowered.  Flowers  nodding,  of 
a rosy  red  colour,  darker  near  the  mouth,  where  there 
is  a white  circle,  inside  striped  with  red.  Calyx 
5-cleft,  pubescent ; segments  lanceolate,  acute,  slightly 
keeled.  Corolla  rotate,  reflexed ; segments  ovate,  or 

D 


oblong;  margins  curved  inwards.  Stamens  5,  inserted 
into  the  base  of  the  tube.  Filaments  short  and  flat, 
dilated  at  the  base.  Anthers  attached  to  the  filaments 
at  the  base,  2-celled,  sharp-pointed,  fringed,  included 
in  the  tube.  Germen  globular,  smooth.  Style  smooth, 
tapering  upwards,  exserted  a little  above  the  mouth. 
Stigma  small,  flat. 

The  present  beautiful  little  plant  seems  to  have  been 
almost  entirely  overlooked  by  Botanists,  since  the 
time  of  Miller.  In  Martyn’s  edition  of  Miller’s  Dic- 
tionary, it  is  recorded  as  a variety  of  C.  persicum;  to 
which  it  certainly  is  scarcely  at  all  allied,  except  in 
the  form  of  the  leaves,  and  the  white  circle  on  their 
upper  side.  The  flowers  are  nearly  the  same  as 
in  C.  Coum. ; but  the  style  is  exserted  a little  beyond 
the  mouth ; the  plant  is  altogether  more  robust,  and 
the  leaves  and  flowers  are  produced  on  a kind  of  short 
flat  stem  that  branches  from  the  tuber,  not  directly  from 
the  crown  of  the  tuber,  as  in  C.  persicum , and  C.  Coum . 
The  leaves  are  also  cordate,  and  the  sinus  frequently 
overlapping  at  the  base ; in  C.  Coum.  they  are  reniform, 
and  have  a large  opening  at  their  base,  and  are  entirely 
green  on  their  upper  surface. 

It  will  succeed  well  in  a warm  border,  in  a light 
sandy  soil ; or  it  may  be  grown  with  advantage  in  small 
pots,  in  an  equal  mixture  of  loam,  peat,  and  sand  ; it 
can  then  be  protected  under  a frame  in  Winter,  during 
which  time  it  requires  very  little  water.  The  only 
method  of  propagating  it,  is  from  seeds,  which  ripen 
plentifully,  if  care  be  taken  to  scatter  some  pollen  on 
the  stigma  when  in  full  bloom. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  the  beginning 
of  March  last. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  Stamens, 
natural  size.  3.  One  of  the  Anthers  magnified,  burst  on  each  side.  4.  Germen, 
Style,  and  Stigma  magnified. 


w 


10 


COREOPSIS  lanceolata. 


Spear-leaved  Coreopsis . 


Natural  Order.  Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2, 103. 
COREOPSIS.  (Radiata;  Pappus  aristatus;  Receptaculum 
paleaceum.)  Involucrum  polypkyllum,  foliolis  a receptaculi 
paleis  vix  aut  parum  distinctis.  Recept.  planiusculum  v.  leviter 
convexum.  Flosc.  disci  hermaphroditi,  fertiles  ; radii  feminii  s. 
neutris  ; ligulis  disco  transverso  aequalibus  s.  longioribus,  steriles. 
Pappus  2-3-aristatus ; aristis  glabris  s.  retrorsum  scabris. 
Gcert.  sem.  2,  457. 

Herbae  erectce  ; folia  scepius  oppositat  in  quibusdam  multifida ; 
flores  axillares  et  scepius  terminates  ; ligulce  quarumdam  albidce. 
Juss.  gen.  188. 


C.  lanceolata , foliis  lanceolatis  integerrimis  ciliatis  basi  in 
petiolum  attenuatis,  pedunculis  elongatis  nudis,  radiis  4-den- 
tatis,  seminibus  alatis  scabris  apice  bidentatis  emarginatis. 

Coreopsis  lanceolata.  Willd.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  2256.  Mich.  flor. 
amer.  2.  p.  137.  Pursh.  fl . amer.  2.  p.  567.  Pers.  syn.  2. 
p . 478.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.v.5.  p.  135. 

Bidens  succisse  folio,  radio  amplo  laciniato.  Dill.  elth.  55. 
t.  48.  /.  56. 


Stems  several  from  the  same  root,  erect,  branching. 
Leaves  opposite,  broad  lanceolate,  entire,  smooth, 
slightly  fringed,  bluntish,  base  attenuated  down  the 
petiole ; fringed  at  the  base  with  long  spreading  white 
hairs.  Peduncle  long,  naked,  bluntly  angular,  fur- 
rowed, smooth,  1 -flowered.  Involucre  of  two  series, 
many-leaved;  scales  of  the  outer  series  9,  leaf-like, 
lanceolate,  bluntish,  reflexed  ; of  the  inner  9,  mem- 
branaceous, oblong,  pointed.  Receptacle  convex, 
warted.  Chaff  subulate,  channelled,  about  the  length 

d 2 


of  the  florets.  Rays  very  broad,  barren,  cuneate, 
toothed  with  4 large  unequal  teeth,  which  are  bluntly 
and  unequally  crenate,  or  slightly  notched,  strongly 
nerved  underneath,  and  furrowed  on  the  upper  side, 
flat  when  first  expanded,  afterwards  rolled  back  at 
the  edges,  of  a bright  yellow  colour.  Florets  of  the 
disk  numerous,  tubular,  funnel-shaped,  hermaphrodite, 
5-toothed,  nerves  alternating  with  the  teeth.  Stamens  5; 
filaments  distinct ; anthers  connected,  their  points 
exserted.  Style  smooth,  slender,  half  as  long  again 
as  the  floret.  Stigmas  2,  re  volute,  fringed.  Seeds 
oblong,  slightly  winged  with  rough  edges.  Pappus  of 
2 short  fringed  teeth. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a fine  plant,  sent  by 
Mr.  Shepherd  from  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Liver- 
pool ; an  establishment,  we  are  informed,  particularly 
rich  in  hardy  perennial  herbaceous  plants.  It  is  a 
native  of  North  America;  and,  according  to  Pursh,  is 
found  growing  in  mountainous  situations  near  Virginia, 
and  Carolina,  flowering  from  August  to  October ; with 
us  it  flowers  about  the  same  time ; and,  if  cultivated 
in  rich  light  soil,  will  attain  the  height  of  2 feet,  or 
upwards.  It  is  rather  more  tender  than  some  other 
species  of  the  genus,  and  prefers  a dryish  situa- 
tion ; it  would  be  well  to  place  some  of  them  in  a 
frame  in  Winter,  where  they  can  be  protected  from  the 
severe  frost ; they  can  then  be  turned  out  in  the  open 
ground  in  Spring,  and  will  succeed  very  well.  They 
are  readily  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root ; or  cut- 
tings, planted  under  a hand-glass,  will  soon  strike  root. 


1.  Barren  floret  of  the  ray.  2.  Floret  of  the  disk.  3.  The  same  spread  open, 
showing  the  5 connected  anthers.  4.  Floret  spread  open,  showing  the  nerves 
alternating  with  the  teeth.  5.  Style  terminated  with  2 fringed  stigmas. 
6.  Unripe  seed,  terminated  with  2 fringed  teeth.  7.  Scale  of  the  chaff. 


f:  1)  JU  a 


II 


SOLDANELLA  montana. 

Mountain  Soldanella . 


Natural  Order.  Primulacea:.  Brown  prodr.  427. 

» SOLDANELLA . Calyx  5-partitus.  Corolla  campanulata, 
ore  lacero  multifido.  Stamina  5,  filamentis  antheras  adnatas 
sagittatas  superantibus.  Stigma  1.  Capsula  apice  multivalvis. 


S.  montana , foliis  reniformibus  crenato-repandis  reticulato- 
venosis  ; petiolis  hirsutis,  scapo  mullifloro. 

Soldanella  montana.  Willd.  enum.  1.  p.  192.  Link  enum.  1. 

p.  158.  Bcem.  et  Schult.  syst.  4.  132.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  p . 33. 
Soldanella  Clusii.  Botan.  magaz.  2163. 


Root  perennial,  tufted.  Stem  none.  Leaves  reni- 
form,  waved,  slightly  crenate,  reticulately  veined,  sinus 
generally  overlapping  at  the  base.  Petioles  nearly 
cylindrical,  gradually  tapering  upwards,  densely 
clothed  with  short  white  hairs.  Scape  slightly  pu- 
bescent, gradually  tapering  upwards ; from  4 to 
8-flowered.  JBractes  4 to  8,  1 at  the  base  of  each 
pedicle ; unequal  in  length,  the  uppermost  longest, 
smooth,  ligulately-linear,  obtuse.  Pedicles  very  pu- 
bescent, unequal  in  length.  Flowers  nodding,  of  a 
pale  blue  colour.  Calyx  5-parted,  segments  lanceolate, 
bluntish,  slightly  wrinkled.  Corolla  campanulate, 
mouth  multifid,  unequally  and  deeply  lacerate.  Sta- 
mens 5,  inserted  in  the  mouth  of  the  corolla.  Filaments 
flat  and  reaching  beyond  the  anthers,  terminating  in  a 
simple  subulate  point.  Anthers  joined  to  the  front  of 
the  filament,  2-celled.  Pollen  white,  farinaceous. 
Germen  smooth,  with  5 gland-like  pellucid  warts  round 


it.  Style  smooth,  gradually  tapering  towards  the 
point,  longer  than  the  corolla.  Stigma  a small  simple 
point. 

A beautiful  little  alpine  plant,  introduced  into  our 
Gardens  about  seven  years  back.  It  differs  from 
S.  alpina , in  being  altogether  more  robust ; in  bearing 
more  flowers  on  each  scape ; the  segments  of  which 
are  larger,  and  spread  more  flatly  open ; the  termina- 
tion of  the  filament  beyond  the  anther,  is  simple  and 
subulate,  and  the  petioles  are  densely  hairy.  In 
S.  alpina , the  scape  is  few-flowered ; the  flowers  are 
more  finely  fringed,  and  bell-shaped ; the  filament 
beyond  the  anthers  terminates  in  a bifid  point;  the 
leaves  are  narrower,  more  entire,  and  the  petioles 
smooth. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a plant  at  the  Garden 
belonging  to  the  Apothecaries  Company,  at  Chelsea, 
in  March  last.  When  cultivated  in  the  open  ground, 
it  should  be  planted  in  a dry  border,  in  peat  soil,  which 
it  prefers  ; or  it  may  be  grown  in  rock-work,  where  it 
must  also  have  peat  soil,  or  it  will  not  thrive  so  well ; 
it  may  also  be  cultivated,  with  advantage,  in  small 
pots,  and  can  then  be  protected  in  a frame  in  severe 
weather.  It  is  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root,  or 
by  seeds ; if  by  the  latter  method,  they  should  be 
sown  as  soon  as  ripe,  and  planted  off  into  other  pots 
while  in  their  seed  leaf ; they  will  then  not  miss  their 
removal. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  Stamens. 
3.  Back  view  of  the  Stamen  magnified.  4.  Front  view  of  ditto.  5.  Germen, 
Style,  and  Stigma  magnified. 


c D Auik  Ml 


Sr 

A,J,  iy  A ftveet  My  / W3 


[w 


12 


HYOSCYAMUS  orientalis. 

Oriental  Henbane . 


Natural  Order.  Solanea:.  Juss.  gen.  124. 

HYOSCYAMUS . Calyx  tubulosus  5-fidus.  Corolla  in- 
fundibuliformis,  obtusa.  Stamina  5,  inclinata.  Stigma  capi- 
tatum.  Capsula  operculata,  2-locularis.  Herbse ; folia Jloralia 
seepe  geminata  ; flores  solitarii  axillares  v.  aggregati  terminates , 
scepe  secundi. 


H.  orientalis , foliis  ovatis  repando-dentatis  integerrimisve  acutis 
pubescentibus,  floribus  terminalibus  aggregatis ; calycibus 
oblongis  pubescentibus,  caule  villoso. 

Hyoscyamus  orientalis.  Marsch.  Bieb.  jlor.  taur.  cauc.  v.  1. 
Roem.  et  Schult.  syst . 4.  p.  312.  Link  enum.  v . 2.  p.  178. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  several,  springing  from  the 
same  root,  simple,  erect,  slightly  angular,  furrowed, 
thickly  clothed  with  unequal  villous  hairs.  Leaves 
ovate,  repandly-dentate,  or  entire,  attenuated  down  the 
petiole,  pointed,  glossy  ; veins  hairy.  Petiole  downy, 
shorter  than  the  blade  of  the  leaf.  Flowers  terminal, 
aggregate,  trichotomously-corymbose,  of  a brownish 
lilac  colour.  Bractes  ovate,  obtuse,  downy.  Pedun- 
cles scarcely  as  long  as  the  calyx,  villous.  Calyx 
oblong,  5-toothed,  ribbed,  downy.  Corolla  funnel- 
form,  5-cleft,  ribbed,  downy ; segments  obtuse.  Sta- 
mens 5,  inserted  into  the  tube.  Filaments  villous  at 
the  base,  and  smooth  upwards ; at  first,  included  in 
the  tube,  but,  at  length,  growing  beyond  the  mouth. 
Anthers  sagittate,  incumbent,  2-celled.  Pollen  bluish, 
or  ash-coloured.  Germen  slightly  hairy,  or  sometimes 
smooth.  Stigma  capitate,  emarginate. 


This  pretty  Spring  flowering  plant  was  raised  from 
seed,  received  from  Moscow,  by  Messrs.  Whitley, 
Brames,  and  Milne,  at  Fulham,  in  the  year  1818.  It 
is  nearly  related  to  H.  physaloides , but  is  of  much 
stronger  growth,  and  thickly  covered  with  pubescence, 
and  its  anthers  are  exserted  beyond  the  mouth  of  the 
corolla ; whereas  H.  physaloides  is  quite  smooth  and 
shining,  its  flowers  are  of  a beautiful  dark  purple,  and 
its  anthers  are  included  within  the  mouth  ; they  both 
are  in  flower  at  the  same  time,  and  are  very  desirable 
by  being  so  early  in  bloom. 

The  present  plant  is  a native  of  Iberia ; it  is  quite 
hardy,  and  thrives  well  in  any  common  garden  soil, 
flowering  the  latter  end  of  March,  and  beginning  of 
April,  and  continuing  in  bloom  a considerable  time ; 
in  poor  soil  it  will  scarcely  exceed  a foot  in  height, 
but  in  stronger  soil  it  will  attain  18  inches,  or  more.  It 
is  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root,  or  by  seeds. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Messrs.  Whitley  and  Co. 
the  beginning  of  last  month. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Front  view  of  the  Corolla  spread  open  to  show  the  insertion 
of  the  Stamens.  3.  Back  view  of  the  same  in  a more  advanced  state,  in  which 
the  Anthers  are  exserted.  4.  Stamen.  5.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


0 


* ' V./ 

*' ' ••> 


>U  /,,  A ( /..La  /...xi  aas. 


j A'^/M 

f 


13 


HYOSCYAMUS  physaloides. 

Purple-flowered  Henbane . 


Natural  Order . Solan eje.  Juss.  qen.  124. 
HYOSCYAMUS.  Supra  fol.  12. 


H.  physaloides , foliis  ovatis  acutis  repandis  integerrimis  glabris, 
floribus  terminalibus,  calycibus  inflatis  angulatis  glabris,  sta- 
minibus  corolla  parum  brevioribus. 

Hyoscyamus  physaloides.  Willden . 5/?.  /??.  1.  1012.  enum. 

229.  Pers . syn . 1.  p.  217.  Botan.  magaz.  852.  Hort. 
Kew . ed.  2.  v.  1.  389.  Poem,  et  Schult . 4.  312. 


.Rootf  perennial,  herbaceous.  several  from 

the  same  root;  angular,  smooth  and  glossy,  of  a pale 
purple  colour,  seldom  attaining  a foot  in  height. 
Leaves  alternate,  ovate,  acute,  entire,  repand,  attenu- 
ated down  the  petiole,  smooth  and  glossy,  purple 
whilst  young,  afterwards  changing  to  green  on  the 
upper  side,  and  purplish  underneath.  Petioles  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  smooth  and  shining.  Flowers  ter- 
minal, paniculately  corymbose,  of  a bright  bluish 
purple.  Bractes  of  various  sizes,  some  as  long  as  the 
peduncles,  others  not  half  the  length,  lanceolate,  acute, 
concave.  Peduncles  purplish,  about  half  the  length 
of  the  calyx,  with  a few  hairs  scattered  on  them  here 
and  there.  Calyx  5-cleft,  tubular,  inflated,  10-angled, 
reticulately  veined,  smooth ; segments  fringed.  Corolla 
of  a bright  blue  purple,  funnel-form ; tube  slender  at 
the  base,  gradually  widening  upwards,  inside  thickly 
clothed  with  hairs  at  the  base  of  the  filaments  ; border 
5-cleft,  spreading,  segments  blunt  and  rounded. 

E 


Stamens  5,  inserted  in  the  tube  ; filaments  hairy  at  the 
base,  and  smooth  upwards,  of  a pale  purple  colour ; 
anthers  incumbent.  Pollen  white.  Germen  pyramidal, 
smooth,  green  at  the  base,  and  purple  at  the  point. 
Style  smooth,  purple.  Stigma  white,  capitate,  emargi- 
nate. 

One  of  our  handsomest  early  Spring  flowering  plants; 
a native  of  Siberia,  seldom  to  be  met  with  in  any 
collection,  though  certainly  deserving  of  cultivation 
much  more  than  a great  many  that  are  more  generally 
cultivated ; we  suspect  the  reason  of  this  is,  from  its 
being  so  little  known;  and  have,  therefore,  given  a 
fine  specimen  of  it  in  our  figure,  that  it  may  no  longer 
remain  in  obscurity.  It  is  a very  hardy  plant,  thriving 
well  in  a rich  light  soil,  and  continues  in  flower  for 
several  weeks,  beginning  to  blossom  in  March,  and 
sometimes  lasts  in  bloom  till  the  beginning  of  May. 
It  may  be  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root,  or  by 
cuttings  planted  under  a hand-glass  ; it  also  produces 
ripe  seeds,  which  should  be  sown  as  soon  as  gathered. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  in  April  last. 


1.  Calyx,  showing  its  fringed  segments.  2.  Corolla.  3.  The  same  split  open, 
showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens,  natural  size.  4.  Stamen.  5.  Germen, 
Style,  and  Stigma,  magnified. 


VJn^A  .4/ 


,/U  A /%/*.*  j»»*  //#£ 


14 


CHRYSANTHEMUM  sinense, 
var.  fasciculatum. 

Superb  Clustered  Yellow  Chrysanthemum . 

Natural  Order.  Composite.  Adanson  Fam.  2.  103. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM.  Supra  foh  7. 


Chrysanthemum  sinense.  Supra  foh  7. 

fasciculatum , floribus  plenis  fasciculato-corymbosis ; radiis 
tubulosis  luteis  apice  vix  expansis,  receptaculum  nudum 
conico-globosum  punctatum. 


Root  perennial,  tufted.  Stems  ligneous,  erect;  in 
our  specimen,  about  3 feet  high,  slightly  branched,  and 
terminated  with  a fasciculated  corymbus  of  flowers ; 
branches  a little  flexuose,  obtusely  angular,  of  a 
purplish  brown  colour,  thickly  clothed  with  a dense 
white  tomentum.  Leaves  of  various  forms,  punctate, 
sinuately-lobate,  and  toothed  with  unequal  bluntish 
teeth,  of  a dull  green  on  the  upper  side,  and  clothed 
with  a dense  white  tomentum  on  the  lower ; segments 
wide  apart,  blunt,  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  terminated 
in  a very  short  point ; lower  ones  about  4 inches  long, 
to  3 broad.  Petioles  winged,  channelled  on  the  upper 
side,  and  bluntly  keeled  on  the  lower.  Stipules  va- 
riable, oblong,  obovate  or  spatulate,  obtuse,  sometimes 
toothed.  Peduncles  short,  densely  tomentose.  Invo- 
lucre hemispherical,  composed  of  numerous  oblong 
or  lanceolate  membranaceous  scales,  overlapping  each 
other.  Flowers  double,  bright  yellow.  Receptacle 
naked,  dotted,  between  conical  and  globular.  Rays 

e 2 


all  quilled,  scarcely  expanded  at  the  points,  except 
here  and  there  one  expanded  nearly  half  way  down. 
Florets  of  the  disk  none.  Stamens  none,  or  barren. 
Style  and  Stigmas  short  and  slender,  imperfect. 

Our  figure  represents  another  beautiful  variety  of  the 
Chinese  Chrysanthemum,  lately  introduced  into  the 
Garden  of  the  Horticultural  Society,  and  from  thence 
distributed  to  other  collections;  in  our  opinion,  the 
present  variety  is  the  handsomest  of  all  the  yellow 
ones,  and  differs  from  all  others  in  its  compact  cluster 
of  flowers ; it  is  one  of  the  varieties  that  is  most  proper 
for  planting  out  in  the  open  ground,  as  it  begins  flower- 
ing earlier  than  many  of  the  others ; like  the  rest,  it 
may  be  readily  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root,  or  by 
cuttings  planted  under  hand-glasses ; when  grown  in 
pots,  they  are  the  most  proper  plants  for  ornamenting 
rooms,  or  greenhouses,  in  Autumn. 

The  present  variety  has,  in  general,  a naked  recep- 
tacle, or  is  very  slightly  chaffy ; some  of  the  others 
are  thinly,  others  thickly  clothed  with  chaff;  our 
opinion  is,  that  the  chaffy  ones  are  mules,  and  have 
been  fertilized  by  the  Chinese  with  the  pollen  of  some 
species  of  Anthemis,  perhaps  A.  apiifolia,  or  some 
nearly  related  species. 


1.  The  naked  dotted  receptacle.  2.  Floret.  3.  Germen,  Style,  and 
Stigma. 


. 


. 


' 


' 


15 


MUSCARI  botryoides,  «.  ft  y. 

Grape  Muscari,  three  varieties . 


Natural  Order . Asphodelea:.  Brown  prodr . 274. 
MUSCARI.  Perianthium  coloratum,  ventricoso-tubulosum ; 
fauce  coarctata,  crenis  sex  brevissimis  marginata.  Stamina  6, 
tubo  medio  inserta.  Stigma  1.  Capsula  loculis  ssepius 
2-spermis. 


M.  botryoides , perianthiis  globosis  uniformibus ; inferioribus 
remotioribus,  foliis  strictis  linearibus  basi  angustatis  canal- 
iculatis. 

Muscari  botryoides.  Willd.  enum.  1.  p.  378.  Link  enum . 1. 
p.  331.  Hort.  sub.  lond . p.  73. 

Hyacinthus  botryoides.  Willd.  sp.  pi.  2.  p.  170.  Pers . syn. 
1.  p.  375.  Botan.  magaz.  157.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v . 2. 
p.  283. 

«.  azureum,  floribus  azureis.  Sky-blue  Grape  Muscari.  fig.  a. 
pallidum , floribus  pallidis.  Pale-blue  Grape  Muscari.  fig.  c. 

y.  album , floribus  albis.  White  Grape  Muscari.  fig.  b. 


Root  bulbous,  increasing  rapidly  by  its  numerous 
offsets.  Leaves  several,  smooth,  erect,  linear,  chan- 
nelled, bluntish,  narrowest  at  the  base.  Scapes  gene- 
rally 2 from  the  same  bulb,  erect,  about  the  length  of 
the  leaves,  smooth,  round  on  one  side,  and  flat  on  the 
other,  slightly  angular.  Flowers  in  a crowded  cluster, 
globular,  all  of  the  same  form,  lowermost  farthest 
apart,  nodding.  Bractes  2,  at  the  base  of  the  pedun- 
cle, 1 on  each  side,  very  short,  succulent.  Peduncles 
cylindrical,  shorter  than  the  flowers,  more  than  double 
the  length  of  the  bractes.  Perianthium  globular, 
mouth  contracted,  and  terminated  in  6 slight  margi- 


nated  notches.  Stamens  6,  inserted  in  the  middle  of 
the  tube ; filaments  widest  at  the  base,  and  narrowing 
upwards  ; anthers  cordate,  incumbent,  2-celled.  Ger - 
men  trigonal.  Style  about  the  length  of  the  stamens. 

The  three  varieties  represented  in  our  figure  are  very 
desirable  plants  for  adorning  the  flower-borders  in 
Spring,  where  they  may  be  planted  in  patches  in  con- 
spicuous situations,  either  mixed  together,  or  separate, 
according  to  the  taste  of  the  Cultivator.  The  pale 
blue  variety  is  the  least  common,  and,  in  our  opinion, 
is  the  most  beautiful;  they  all  increase  readily  by 
offsets  from  the  bulbs,  and  thrive  well  in  a rich  light 
soil,  flowering  in  April,  some  time  before  M.  racemosum. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  plants  at  the  Nursery 
of  Mr.  Colvill ; we  also  received  specimens  of  the 
darkest  blue  and  white  varieties,  from  Mr.  Milne,  of 
the  Fulham  Nursery. 


1.  Magnified  portion  of  the  scape,  showing  the  bractes  at  the  base  of  the 
flowers.  2.  Perianthium  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 
3.  Stamen  detached.  4.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma,  magnified. 


16 


CLAYTONIA  sibirica. 

Siberian  Claytonia. 


Natural  Order.  Portulacea:.  Juss.  gen.  312. 

CL  A YTONIA.  Calyx  2-valvis.  Petala  5 subunguicu- 
lata.  Stamina  5,  unguibus  petalorum  inserta ; antherae  incum- 
bentes.  Stylus  1;  stigmata  3.  Capsula  3-valvis,  1-locularis, 
3-sperma.  Herbae  ; folia  radicalia ; scapus  opposite  2-phyllus, 
apice  racemoso-multijlorus. 


C.  sibirica , foliis  nervosis:  radicalibus  caulinisque  ovatis,  racemo 
secundo,  petalis  bifidis.  Willd.  sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1186. 

Claytonia  sibirica.  Pers.  syn.  1.  p.  253.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2. 
v.  2.  p.  53.  Poem,  et  Schult.  syst . 5.  p.  435.  Botan.  magaz. 
2243. 


Perennial.  Herbaceous.  Roots  tufted.  Branches 
short,  numerous,  much  crowded  together.  Leaves 
succulent,  ovate,  bluntish,  deeply  nerved,  smooth  and 
glossy  ; lower  ones  petiolate,  and  attenuated  down  the 
petiole ; upper  ones,  or  those  on  the  scape  sessile,  the 
two  lower  ones  opposite.  Petioles  smooth,  channelled 
on  the  upper  side,  dilated  at  the  base,  and  sheathing 
the  stem.  Scapes  axillary,  declining,  smooth  and 
glossy,  generally  terminated  with  2 racemes  of  flowers, 
one  of  them  beginning  to  flower  about  the  time  the 
other  appears.  Racemes  secund,  or  leaning  to  one 
side,  drooping  till  the  flowers  expand,  then  becoming 
erect.  Pedicles  intermixed  with  the  bracte  like  leaves, 
slender,  smooth  and  glossy.  Calyx  2-valved.  Sepals 
cordate,  concave,  bluntish.  Petals  5,  bifid,  of  a 
bright  lilac,  streaked,  and  lightest  at  the  edges, 


unguiculate.  Stamens  5,  inserted  in  the  claws  of  the 
petals.  Filaments  declining.  Anthers  red,  incumbent. 
Style  smooth.  Stigmas  3,  blunt,  slightly  reflexed. 

A handsome  little  perennial  plant,  attaining  but  a 
few  inches  in  height,  and  very  desirable  for  ornament- 
ing rock-work,  or  planting  at  the  front  of  flower-bor- 
ders ; it  may  also  be  cultivated  with  advantage  in  small 
pots,  and  will  continue  to  flower  the  greater  part  of 
the  Summer;  it  prefers  a light  sandy  soil,  and  may  be 
increased  by  cuttings,  which  soon  strike  root  if  planted 
in  a shady  situation ; it  also  produces  seeds,  by  which 
a sufficient  quantity  may  be  raised. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  from  a plant 
raised  last  year  from  seed,  sent  by  Dr.  Fischer,  from 
the  Botanic  Garden  at  Gorenki. 


1.  The  2-valved  Calyx.  2.  Petals  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the 
Stamens.  3.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


‘1 


i i J«uU  u 


At,  ly  U^C.  / m3 


jQ  Acuity 


aca  sJjl 


17 


LINUM  alpinum. 

Alpine  Flax . 


Natural  Order.  Line^e.  DC.  theor.  ed.  1.  p.  214. 

LINUM.  Calyx  5-sepalus.  Petala  5 unguiculata.  Stami - 
num  filamenta  10,  basi  in  annulum  connata,  alterna  fertilia 
antheris  sagittatis,  alterna  breviora  sterilia.  Styli  5 ; stigmata  5. 
Capsula  5-valvis,  10-locularis.  Semina  solitaria. 

Herbae  aut  suffrutices ; folia  plurimorum  alterna , pauciorum 
opposita ; flores  solitarii  axillares  aut  rarius  oppositifolii , apice 
corymbosi  aut  spicati  aut  sparsi,  in  L.  radiola,  (Radiola  mille- 
grana,)  4 -andri  4 -styli.  Genus  a Caryophylleis  distinctum 
staminibus  basi  monadelphis,  nullo  nec  receptaculo  fructus  cen - 
trail  nec  seminis  perispermo,  foliis  scepe  alternis.  Juss. 
gen.  303. 


L.  alpinum , calycibus  rotundatis  obtusis,  foliis  linearibus 
acutiusculis  subreflexis,  caulibus  declinatis.  Jacq.  aust.  4. 
t.  321. 

Linum  alpinum.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1538.  Pers . syn.  1. 
p.  335.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  2.  p.  107. 


Perennial.  Stems  several,  declining,  smooth  at  the 
points,  and  rough  at  the  base;  slightly  branched,  from 
5 to  9 inches  in  length.  Leaves  alternate,  linear, 
smooth  and  glaucous,  spreading  or  reflexed;  lower 
ones  much  the  shortest,  and  bluntish ; upper  ones 
longer,  taper-pointed.  Corymbus  terminal,  pendulous 
before  the  flowers  expand,  afterwards  becoming  erect. 
Peduncles  alternating  with  the  leaves,  slender,  cylin- 
drical. Sepals  5,  lanceolate,  concave,  bluntly  rounded, 
but  ending  in  a small  point.  Petals  5,  unguiculate, 
obovate,  of  a light  blue,  tinged  with  purple,  and  darker 

F 


veins ; claws  hairy.  Stamens  connected  at  the  base, 
hairy;  filaments  10,  5 bearing  anthers,  and  5 sterile; 
sterile  ones  alternating  with  the  others,  very  slender 
and  filiform,  and  scarcely  half  the  length  of  the  fertile 
ones ; anthers  sagittate,  2-celled.  Styles  5,  slender, 
about  double  the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigmas  5, 
incumbent,  shield-like,  granular. 

Our  drawing  of  this  pretty  little  plant,  was  taken 
at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  King’s  Road,  Chelsea; 
where  it  continues  to  flower  nearly  all  the  Summer. 
It  is  a neat  little  plant,  and  will  thrive  well  on  rock- 
work,  or  at  the  edge  of  flower  borders,  in  a light  sandy 
soil,  in  a dryish  situation,  and  being  of  small  growth, 
it  requires  but  little  room.  It  might  also  be  cultivated 
with  advantage  in  small  pots.  Being  a native  of 
Austria,  it  is  quite  hardy,  and  is  more  liable  to  suffer 
from  damp  than  from  cold  ; it  may  be  increased  from 
cuttings,  taken  off  in  a young  state,  and  planted  under 
a hand-glass,  where  they  will  soon  strike  root ; it  also 
ripens  seeds,  which  should  be  sown  as  soon  as  ga- 
thered, and  they  will  soon  make  nice  young  plants. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Petal.  3.  The  5 Stamens  connected  at  the  base,  alternating 
with  5 sterile  filaments,  and  inclosing  the  Germen  and  5 Styles.  4.  The  same 
split  open,  showing  the  5 barren  Filaments.  5.  Germen.  6.  Styles.  7.  Stigmas. 


I 


r 


i 


18 


AS  ARUM  virginicurn, 

Virginian  Asarabacca . 


Natural  Order.  ARiSTOLocHliE.  Brown  prodr.  349. 
ASARUM.  Perianthium  coloratum,  urceolatum,  3-s. 
4-fidum,  germini  insideus.  Stamina  12  brevia,  germini  impo- 
sita ; an th eras  mediis  filamentis  adnatae.  Stylus  brevis  ; stigma 
stellatum  6-partitum.  Capsula  6-locularis. 


A.  virginicurn , foliis  solitariis  rotundato-cordatis  obtusis  glabris 
petiolatis,  perianthium  extus  glabrum  breviter  campanulatum. 
Asarum  virginicurn.  Mich.  flor.  amer.  1.  p.  279.  Willden. 
sp.  pi.  2.  p.  838.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  1.  Pursh.  fl.  amer.  sept, 
p.  597.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  3.  p.  141. 


Perennial.  Root  tufted.  Branches  very  short, 
1 -leafed,  1 -flowered.  Leaves  roundly  cordate,  obtuse, 
entire,  smooth  and  shining,  strongly  veined  under- 
neath, and  marked  with  white  on  the  upper  side, 
similar  to  Cyclamen  vernum,  or  persicum . Petiole 
long  and  slender,  furrowed  on  the  upper  side,  and 
convex  on  the  lower.  Bractes  2,  cucullate,  fringed, 
one  double  the  size  of  the  other.  Floivers  on  short 
footstalks.  Peduncle  cylindrical,  1-flowered,  smooth, 
or  slightly  pubescent.  Perianthium  short,  campanu- 
late,  trifid,  smooth  on  the  outside,  of  a pale  brown 
colour,  segments  straight,  obtuse;  inside  dark  purple, 
rugged  and  plaited  below  the  mouth ; segments  spot- 
ted with  white,  pubescent.  Stamens  12,  short,  every 
other  one  longest,  seated  on  the  germen.  Style 
scarcely  any.  Stigma  stellately  6-parted,  segments 

f 2 


bluntish,  slightly  curved  inwards,  each  having  a large 
pale  gland,  or  protuberance,  about  half  way  up. 

According  to  Pursh,  the  present  curious  species 
grows  in  shady  rocky  woods,  near  Virginia  and 
Carolina,  flowering  in  May ; with  us  it  blooms  much 
earlier,  as  our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of 
Mr.  Knight,  King’s  Road,  the  middle  of  April;  and 
it  had  then  been  in  flower  a considerable  time,  although 
the  season  was  very  backward ; but  it  continues  in 
flower  a longtime,  as  some  of  them  are  still  remaining, 
now,  about  the  middle  of  June.  It  thrives  best  in  a 
peat  soil,  in  a shady  situation  ; in  such  it  was  culti- 
vated at  Mr.  Knight’s  Nursery,  where  there  was  a 
large  clump  of  it  entirely  covered  with  bloom;  the 
flowers,  though  not  so  splendid  as  some  others,  are 
pretty,  and  very  curious ; and  as  they  continue  a long 
time,  the  plant  is  well  worthy  a place  in  all  curious 
collections.  It  may  be  grown  in  rock-work,  if  in  a 
shady  situation,  and  the  ground  should  then  be  made 
with  peat ; it  is  readily  increased  by  dividing  at  the 
root. 


1.  Perianthium  spread  open,  to  show  the  plaited  inside,  and  the  insertion  of 
the  stamens  inclosing  the  stellately  6-parted  stigrna,  with  the  large  gland  on  the 
middle  of  each  segment.  2.  Stamens  spread  open,  every  other  one  shortest, 
seated  on  the  germen.  3.  Back  view  of  a detached  stamen.  4.  Germen, 
with  the  short  fleshy  style,  and  stellated  stigma  split  open,  to  show  the  glands 
on  the  inside,  all  magnified. 


8 J)  M/l  id 


-Jjdy  A Mj>  (Um  fUy  / . 


- iM.y  j 


19 


PJEONIA  paradoxa  p,  fimbriata. 

Double  fringed  P atony. 


Natural  Order . Ranunculacea:.  DC.  Rea.  veq.  sysl. 
nat.  1.  p.  127. 

Div.  II.  Ranunculaceae  spuriae,  seu  Antheris  introrsis. 

PAEONIA.  Calyx  5-sepalus,  sepalis  subfoliaceis  inaequa- 
libus  orbiculatis  persistentibus.  Petala  5 (interdum  6-10) 
orbicularia  subaequalia  ungue  destituta.  Stamina  plures,  an- 
theris introrsis;  discus  carnosus  ovaria  cingens;  ovaria  2-5 
grossa ; stigmata  sessilia  crassa  falcata  bilamellata  crispa ; 
capsulce  (folliculive)  2-5,  ovatae,  apice  stigmate  superatae, 
l-loculares,  polyspermae,  sutura  longitudinali  superne  dehis- 
centes.  Semina  subglobosa  nitida;  umbilicus  prominulus ; 
albumen  carnosum;  embryo  in  basi  locatus. 

Herbas  aut  rarius  suffrutices ; radices  perennes  collo  crasso 
subhorizontali,  fibris  fasciculatis  extus  nigricantibus  aut  omni- 
bus aut  aliis  cylindricis , alteris  in  tubercula  ovata  cylindraceave 
incrassatis ; vaginas  squamosa  ad  basim  caulis ; gemmae  radi- 
cals squamis  petiolaribus  constant es ; folia  alterna  petiolata 
bis  ternatim  secta ; flores  terminates , ampli , purpurei  rosei  aut 
albi  ( nunquam  nec  ccerulei  nec  lutei.)  facile  multiplices.  DC. 
syst.  1.  p 386-7. 


P.  paradoxa , foliolis  multipartitis  obtusis  undulatis,  subtus 
glauco-pilosis,  germinibus  adpressis  tomentosis.  Anderson 
in  Linn,  trans.  v.  12.  p.  280,  cum  synon. 

Paeonia  paradoxa.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  p.  124.  Link  enum.  2. 
p.  77. 

a.  simplicijlora,  caule  omnino  glabro,  floribus  8-petalis. 

£.  fimbriata,  caule  vix  pilosiusculo,  floribus  plenis.  Anders, 
loc.  cit. 

Paeonia  paradoxa  fimbriata.  Sabine  in  Hort.  Trans . v.  2. 
p.  276.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  p.  124. 


Roots  tuberous,  slenderer  than  in  most  species,  here 
and  there  knotted,  spreading.  Stem  from  a foot  to 
18  inches  in  height,  simple,  smooth,  or  slightly  pu- 
bescent, furrowed.  Leaves  biternate ; lower  ones 


largest,  and  most  divided;  upper  ones  gradually 
smaller;  segments  ovate,  or  oblong,  often  bifid,  or 
trifid ; sometimes  simple,  bluntish,  the  upper  ones 
a little  pointed,  flat,  or  slightly  undulate,  upper  side 
naked,  uneven,  of  a bright  green ; under  side  thickly 
clothed  with  a whitish  woolly  pubescence.  Petioles 
smooth,  slightly  decurrent,  swollen  at  the  base. 
Sepals  5,  smooth,  unequal,  outer  ones  green,  scarcely 
half  the  size  of  the  inner  ones,  nearly  round,  pointed  ; 
inner  ones  nearly  orbicular,  retuse,  green  on  the  under 
side,  and  tinged  with  red  on  the  upper.  Flowers 
double,  of  a reddish  purple.  Petals  8 on  the  outside, 
obovate,  slightly  retuse,  much  veined ; edges  a little 
uneven,  surrounding  the  numerous  stamens  that  are 
transformed  into  narrow  petals,  with  here  and  there 
a broad  one  intermixed.  Pollen  produced  round  the 
edges  of  some  of  these  of  a yellow  colour.  Germens 
2,  erect,  close  pressed,  thickly  clothed  with  a white 
dense  tomentum.  Styles  2,  flesh-coloured,  hooked  or 
reflexed. 

This  beautiful  variety  of  P.  paradoxa  had  generally 
passed  in  our  Nurseries  for  a variety  of  P,  humilis , 
until  its  species  had  been  determined  by  the  late 
Mr.  Anderson,  and  Mr.  Sabine,  in  the  Horticultural 
and  Linnean  Transactions,  where  a masterly  account 
of  the  whole  that  were  known  at  that  time  in  our 
gardens  is  given,  with  their  synonyms. 

The  present  variety  is  readily  distinguished  from  the 
double  ones  of  the  other  species,  by  its  humbler  growth, 
and  pubescent  leaves ; it  thrives  well  in  the  common 
garden  soil,  and  is  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root. 
Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Messrs. 
Whitley,  Brames,  and  Milne,  of  the  Fulham  Nursery. 


1.  Calyx  showing  the  unequal  sepals.  2.  Woolly  Germens,  crowned  with 
the  hooked  fleshy  style.  3.  Stamen  partly  changed  to  a petal,  showing  the 
pollen  on  its  sides. 


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20 


GLOBULARIA  vulgaris. 

Common  Globularia , or  Blue  Daisy. 


Natural  Order . Globularina:.  Link  enum.  1.  p.  123. 

GLOBULARIA.  Calyx  tubulosus  5-fidus  persistens. 
Corolla  tubulosa,  5-loba,  insequalis ; laciniis  2 superioribus 
minimis.  Stamina  4,  tubo  inserto  (laciniis  alterna  ?)  Germen 
superum ; stylus  1 ; stigma  1.  Semen  1,  calyce  connivente 
tectum.  Flores  aggregati  in  calyce  communi  polyphyllo  hemis- 
phaerico  supra  receptaculum  commune  paleaceum. 

Caulis  herbaceus  simplex , apice  1-Jlorus  ; folia  radicalia  scepe 
spatulata,  emarginato-acuminata ; caulina  parva  aut  subnulla. 
Discrepat  G.  Alypum  calyce  communi  turbinato  plurimum  im- 
bricato,  corolla  ligulatd  tridentata , stigmate  2-fdo,  caule  fru- 
tescente  ramoso , habitu  Protea ; an  genus  diversum  ? Globula- 
ria a Monopetalis  hypogynis  et  ideo  a Lysimachiis  distinctissima 
semine  nudo  et  florum  dispositione  et  habitu , indb  Statice  extus 
similis  non  tamen  affinis , similior  forte  Proteis  sed  corollata, 
unica  in  suo  ordine  nondiim  cognito,  huic  tanquam  viciniori  nunc 
adjuncta.  Juss.  gen.  97. 


G.  vulgaris , caule  herbaceo,  foliis  radicalibus  tridentatis ; cauli- 
nis  lanceolatis.  Willden . sp.  pi.  1.  p.  540. 

Globularia  vulgaris.  Pers.  syn.  1.  p.  118.  Hort . Kew.  ed.  2. 
v.  1.  p . 222.  Rcem.  et  Schult.  syst.  3.  39.  Link  enum.  1. 
p.  123.  Schkuhr . liandb.  1.  p . 65.  t . 21.  Botan.  magaz.  2256. 


Root  perennial.  Branches  numerous,  short,  tufted. 
Leaves  smooth  and  glossy ; lower  ones  petiolate,  ovate, 
oblong,  or  spatulate,  obtuse,  generally  terminated  with 
3 short  bluntish  teeth;  stem-leaves  scattered,  small, 
sessile,  lanceolate,  or  oblong,  entire,  acute.  Flower- 
stem  from  4 to  6 inches  high,  furrowed  with  numerous 
shallow  channels.  Flowers  in  a flattish  head,  about 


the  size  of  a large  cherry,  of  a bright  blue.  Receptacle 
chaffy.  Scales  of  the  chaff  fringed,  about  the  length 
of  the  calyx.  Calyx  tubular,  hairy,  5-cleft,  persistent ; 
segments  taper-pointed,  fringed.  Corolla  tubular, 
5-parted  ; segments  unequal ; 2 upper  ones  very  small 
and  slender.  Stamens  4,  inserted  in  the  tube,  and 
alternating  with  the  larger  segments.  Style  1,  termi- 
nated with  an  emarginate  stigma. 

The  present  beautiful  plant  is  an  old  inhabitant  of 
our  gardens,  though  it  is  now  very  rarely  met  with ; 
and  we  had  never  before  seen  it  growing  so  luxuriantly, 
and  flowering  so  abundantly,  as  we  saw  it  this  Spring, 
at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Lee,  at  Hammersmith  ; it  was 
cultivated  in  a bed  of  peat  soil,  several  plants  of  it  grow- 
ing together,  which  made  a fine  appearance ; and  from 
one  of  them  our  drawing  was  taken.  Being  a short 
tufted  plant,  it  might  be  grown  with  advantage  on 
rock-work,  but  requires  a light  soil ; it  will  also  thrive 
well  in  pots,  and  may  be  increased  by  seed,  or  dividing 
at  the  root. 


1.  The  chaffy  Receptacle.  2.  Scale  of  the  chaff,  fringed.  3.  Calyx  and 
Corolla.  4.  Calyx  divested  of  the  corolla,  and  showing  its  fringed  segments. 
5.  Corolla  split  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens.  6.  Germen,  Style, 
and  cleft  Stigma,  all  magnified  except  the  receptacle. 


21 


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21 


LYSIMACHIA  verticillata. 


Whorled  Loosestrife . 


Natural  Order.  PrimulacejE.  Brown  prod.  427. 
LYSIMACHIA.  Calyx  5-partitus.  Corolla  rotata,  5-fida. 
Stamina  5.  Capsula  globosa,  5-10  valvis.  Folia  opposita 
v.  verticillata.  Flores  axillares  v.  terminates,  solitarii  v.  spicati 
aut  corymbosi.  Brown  prodr.  248. 


L.  verticillata,  foliis  verticillatis  oblongo-lanceolatis  ovatisque 
petiolatis  molli-pubescentibus,  pedunculis  axillaribus  uni- 
triflorisque,  petalis  ovatis  acutis  gland ulosa-ciliatis,  caule 
pubescente. 

Lysimachia  verticillata.  Willd.  enum.  1.  p.  195.  Rccm.  et 
Schult . syst.  4.  p.  124.  Link  enum . 1.  p.  160.  Nob.  in 
Colv.  catal.  p.  36.  col.  1. 


Root  perennial,  turfy.  Stems  numerous,  springing 
from  the  same  root,  from  1 to  2 feet  high,  simple, 
erect,  channelled,  thickly  clothed  with  unequal  woolly 
hairs.  Leaves  in  whorls,  4 or  5 in  each  whorl ; lower 
ones  generally  ovate,  a little  unequal  at  the  base; 
upper  ones  oblong,  or  lanceolate,  slightly  undulate, 
rugose,  bluntish,  many  nerved  underneath,  and  chan- 
nelled above ; thickly  clothed  on  both  sides  with 
short  soft  hairs.  Petioles  more  than  3 times  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  deeply  channelled  above,  and  rounded 
below;  winged,  the  wings  continuing  from  the  leaf 
down  the  stalk  to  the  next  leaves.  Stipules  none. 
Peduncles  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  from  1 to  3 
flowered,  thickly  clothed  with  unequal  spreading 
hairs.  Calyx  5-parted,  about  half  the  length  of  the 
petals ; segments  narrowly  lanceolate,  concave,  acute, 

G 


very  hairy.  Corolla  rotate,  of  1 petal,  deeply  5-parted; 
segments  ovate,  acute,  glandularly  ciliate,  and  covered 
on  both  sides  with  a short  glandular  pubescence,  of  a 
palish  yellow,  with  a brown  circle  at  the  base.  Fila- 
ments  5,  connected  at  the  base ; the  upper  ones  rather 
the  longest,  all  glandularly  pubescent,  and  all  bearing 
perfect  anthers.  Anthers  slightly  incumbent,  cordate, 
2-celled,  bursting  in  front  to  discharge  the  pollen. 
Style  green,  smooth  and  shining,  scarcely  as  long  as 
the  filaments ; about  the  length  of  the  calyx.  Stigma 
simple. 

This  plant  is  related  to  L.  vulgaris,  but  differs  in 
its  root  being  tufted,  not  creeping,  the  stem  being 
simple,  and  altogether  more  pubescent;  its  leaves 
shorter  and  blunter,  its  calyx  3 times  the  length,  and 
the  corolla  glandularly  ciliate,  besides  other  slighter 
differences.  It  is  a very  ornamental  plant,  beginning 
to  flower  in  June,  and  continuing  in  bloom  till  late  in 
Autumn ; growing  in  strong  ground  to  the  height  of 
18  inches;  in  poorer  soil  it  seldom  exceeds  a foot. 
It  will,  also,  thrive  very  well  in  rock-work ; and  being 
a native  of  Hungary  and  Tauria,  it  is  quite  hardy. 
It  is  readily  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root ; it  may 
also  be  raised  from  seeds,  which  succeed  best  if  sown 
as  soon  as  gathered.  Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of 
Mr.  Colvill,  last  October. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  split  open,  showing  the  stamens  connected  at  the  base. 
3.  Stamens  divested  of  the  corolla,  all  joined  at  the  base.  4.  Germen,  Style, 
and  Stigma,  all  slightly  magnified. 


22 


OROBUS  albus. 

White-flowered  Bitter-Vetch . 


Natural  Order.  Leguminos^e.  Juss.  gen . 345. 

Div.  VII.  (P APILIONACEjE.)  Corolla  irregularis  papiliona- 
cea.  Stamina  decern  diadelpha.  Legumen  uniloculare  bivalve. 
Juss.  gen.  359. 

OROBUS.  Calyx  tubulosus,  basi  obtusus,  limbo  5-dentatns 
dentibus  2-supernis  brevioribus  et  profundioribus.  Stylus 
linearis ; stigma  superne  villosum.  Legumen  oblongum  poty- 
spermum  seminibus  rotundis.  Caulis  scepe  erectus.  Folia  con - 
jugata,  aut  bijuga  aut  pinnata.  Stipulae  auriculatce . Flores 
spicati  axillares  et  terminates.  Juss.  gen.  360. 


O.  albus , foliis  bijugisensiformibus  petiolatis,  stipulis  lanceolatis 
semisagittatis,  caule  simplici  superne  alato. 

Orobus  albus.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  1075.  Pers.  syn.  2. 

p.  303.  Hort.  sub.  lond.p.  164. 

Orobus  pannonicus.  Jacq . aust.  l.p.  25.  t.  39. 


Root  tuberous,  branching.  Stems  several  from  the 
same  root,  simple,  erect,  slender,  triquetrous,  furrowed, 
smooth  and  glossy,  from  1 to  2 feet  high.  Leaves 
pinnate,  producing  2 pair  of  leaflets,  or  rarely  3 pair 
on  the  lower  part  of  the  stem;  leaflets  short-petioied, 
opposite  or  alternate,  linear  or  ensiform,  acute, 
smooth  ; on  the  upper  part  of  the  stein,  about  3 inches 
long;  on  the  lower  part,  about  half  the  length.  Pe- 
tioles wide,  deeply  channelled  on  the  upper  side,  and 
keeled  on  the  lower.  Stipules  semisagittate,  taper- 
pointed,  joined  to  the  base  of  the  footstalk;  on  the 
lower  part  of  the  stem  ovate,  and  on  the  upper  part 
lanceolate.  Racemes  short,  axillary,  the  flowers  all 
leaning  to  one  side.  Peduncles  very  long  and  slender, 

g 2 


a little  flattened,  slightly  furrowed.  Pedicles  scarcely 
as  long  as  the  calyx,  slender,  all  bent  to  one  side. 
Calyx  smooth,  tubular,  blunt  at  the  base;  limb 
5-toothed ; teeth  subulate,  unequal ; the  upper  ones 
shortest  and  deepest.  Corolla  papilionaceous,  white, 
slightly  tinged  with  rose;  vexillum  obovate,  blunt, 
slightly  emarginate ; alee , or  wings , about  the  length 
of  the  vexillum  ; spoon-shaped,  eared  on  the  inside, 
unguiculate ; keel  shorter  than  the  wings,  of  a greenish 
white,  curved  upwards.  Stamens  10,  diadelphous, 
9 connected  into  a tube,  the  other  distinct.  Pod  flat, 
many-seeded,  terminated  with  a green  pointed  style, 
and  fringed  stigma. 

Our  drawing  of  this  handsome  plant  was  taken  at 
the  Nursery  of  Messrs.  Whitley,  Brames,  and  Milne, 
at  Fulham ; we  also  received  specimens  of  it  from 
Mr.  Knight,  of  the  King’s  Road.  It  thrives  well  in  a 
rich  light  soil ; and,  when  grown  strong,  attains  the 
height  of  2 feet,  flowering  in  May  and  June,  and 
ripening  its  seeds  in  July,  which  should  be  sown  as 
soon  as  ripe  ; they  will  then  make  flowering  plants  for 
the  next  season,  if  properly  treated.  They  may  either 
be  sown  in  pots,  or  in  the  open  ground ; if  in  the  latter, 
it  should  be  a sheltered  situation,  and  free  from 
weeds ; they  may  also  be  increased,  but  sparingly,  by 
dividing  at  the  root. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Vexillum.  3.  Alae,  or  Wings.  4.  Carina,  or  Keel.  5.  Stamens, 
with  the  style  exserted  just  above  them.  6.  The  single  distinct  Stamen. 
7.  The  other  9 connected  into  one  piece  about  half  way  up.  8.  The  young 
Seed-pod,  terminated  with  its  Style. 


23 


VERONICA  latifolia. 


Broad-leaved  Speedwell . 


Natural  Order.  Scrophularina:.  Brown  prodr.  433. 

Sect.  I.  Stamina  duo  antherifera,  Capsula  bilocularis. 

VERONICA.  Calyx  4-partitus,  raro  5-partitus.  Corolla 
subrotata.  Tubus  calyce  brevior.  Limbus  4-partitus,  inaequalis, 
lobis  indivisis.  Stamina  2,  antherifera,  sterilia  nulla.  Capsula 
valvis  medio  septiferis,  v.  bipartibilis. 

Herbae  vel  Frutices,  Folia  opposita , quandoque  verticillata 
v.  alterna , scepe  dentata  v.  incisa.  Inflorescentia  varia.  Calyces 
ebracteati.  Brown  prodr.  434. 


V.  latifolia , racemis  lateralibus  longissimis,  foliis  cordato-ovatis 
sessilibus  rugosis  obtuse  serratis,  caule  erecto,  segmeratis 
calycinis  quinis. 

Veronica  latifolia.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  1.  p.  71.  Pers.  syn.  1. 
p.  12.  Hort . Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  1.  p.  33.  Rcem.  et  Schult.  1. 

p.  111. 

Veronica  pseudo-chamaedrys.  Jacq.  aust.  1 . p.  37.  t.  60. 
Veronica  Teucrium.  Roth  neue  Beytrage.  p.  69.  Pers.  syn . 1. 
Corrigenda  et  Addenda. 


Root  perennial,  tufted.  Stems  erect,  simple,  thickly 
clothed  with  a dense  woolly  pubescence,  from  18  inches 
to  2 feet  high.  Leaves  opposite,  cordately  ovate, 
sessile,  clasping  the  stem,  rugose  or  wrinkled,  bluntish, 
and  bluntly  serrated,  hairy  on  both  sides,  of  a dark 
green  colour ; upper  leaves  narrower  and  more  pointed. 
Racemes  lateral,  very  long,  many  flowered,  generally 
4 on  each  stalk.  Flower-stalks  cylindrical,  villous. 
Bractes  subulate ; lower  ones  about  the  length  of  the 
peduncle ; upper  ones  about  half  the  length.  Calyx 
deeply  5-cleft,  segments  unequal,  taper-pointed,  back 


ones  nearly  double  the  length  of  the  middle  ones; 
front  one  very  short  and  small.  Corolla  4-cleft,  of  a 
bright  blue  colour,  segments  unequal ; the  upper  one 
largest,  cordately  ovate;  middle  ones  rather  less; 
lower  one  narrowest,  and  more  pointed.  Stamens  2 ; 
filaments  inserted  in  the  mouth  of  the  corolla,  scarcely 
as  long  as  the  segments ; anthers  incumbent.  Capsule 
nearly  orbicular,  emarginate,  the  septum  passing  down 
through  the  middle.  Style  smooth,  about  the  length, 
or  a little  longer  than  the  stamens.  Stigma  capitate. 

The  present  ornamental  plant  is  a native  of  Austria ; 
and  succeeds  well  in  our  flower  borders  in  the  open 
ground,  flowering  from  May  to  July  ; we  think  it  one 
of  the  handsomest  species  of  the  genus ; and  it  will 
thrive  in  any  soil,  or  situation ; but  the  richer  the  soil 
is,  the  stronger  it  will  grow,  and  the  flowers  will  be 
more  numerous ; though  it  will  succeed  very  well  in  a 
small  pot,  if  it  be  well  supplied  with  water.  It  is 
readily  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root ; or  by  seeds, 
which  ripen  plentifully.  Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the 
Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  in  June  last. 


1.  Calyx  split  open,  to  show  the  5 segments,  and  the  bracte  at  the  base  of  the 
footstalk.  2.  Corolla  split  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  2 stamens.  3.  Ger- 
men,  Style,  and  capitate  Stigma.  4.  Capsule,  all  natural  size. 


jh  'JjQjdty  *e*djv 


24 


PHLOMIS  laciniata. 


Jagged-leaved  Phlomis. 


Natural  Order.  Labiate.  Brown  prodr.  499. 

Sect.  II.  Stamina  4-fertilia,  antheris  omnium  v.  duorum 
completis. 

A.  Calyx  regularis  5-fidus  v.  5-10-dentatus. 

PHLOMIS.  Calyx  5-gonus,  5-dentatus.  Corolla  galea 
incumbens,  carinato-compressa,  barbata,  emarginata  v.  incisa  ; 
labium  inferius  proportionatum ; lobo  medio  majore.  Stigma 
labio  superiore  breviore.  Brown  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  3.  p.  406. 


P.  laciniata , foliis  alternatim  pinnatis ; foliolis  laciniatis,  caly- 
cibus  lanatis.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p»  120.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  126. 
Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  3.  p.  408. 


Root  perennial,  herbaceous.  Stem  erect,  thickly 
clothed  with  a woolly  pubescence,  about  3 feet  high. 
Leaves  near  the  root,  petiolate,  alternately  pinnate, 
downy ; leaflets  lanceolate,  more  or  less  laciniate ; 
segments  unequal,  obtuse,  sometimes  toothed ; stem- 
leaves  sessile,  pinnatifid  or  laciniate,  smooth  and 
shining  on  the  upper  side,  and  downy  on  the  lower ; 
segments  obtuse,  unequally  toothed  with  blunt  teeth. 
Flowers  whorled  in  a long  spike.  Bractes  subulate, 
clothed  with  long  woolly  hairs.  Calyx  tubular,  nar- 
rowest at  the  base,  5-sided,  angles  terminated  with 
5 short  subulate  teeth,  densely  clothed  inside  and  out 
with  long  shaggy  wool.  Corolla  tubular,  2-lipped, 
woolly ; helmet  keeled,  compressed,  emarginate, 
densely  fringed,  of  a pale  sulphur  colour;  lower  lip 
very  broad,  keeled,  3-lobed;  upper  lobe  undulate,  of 
a deep  yellow,  edged  with  brown ; side-lobes  flat,  of  a 


pale  yellow.  Stamens  4,  ascending,  the  2 uppermost 
rather  longest,  inserted  in  the  mouth  of  the  corolla, 
and  joined  at  the  base ; the  2 lower  ones  shorter, 
inserted  in  the  tube  below  the  mouth ; filaments  hairy ; 
anthers  incumbent.  Seeds  4,  smooth  at  the  base, 
points  bearded.  Style  smooth,  about  the  length  of 
the  stamens.  Stigma  unequally  forked. 

The  present  rare  and  handsome  species  is  a native 
of  the  Levant ; and,  although  it  has  been  in  our  gar- 
dens ever  since  the  year  1731,  it  is  now  seldom  to  be 
met  with.  For  the  opportunity  of  giving  this  figure, 
we  are  obliged  to  Messrs. Whitley,  Brames,  and  Milne, 
at  whose  Nursery,  at  Fulham,  it  flowered  luxuriantly, 
this  Summer,  the  plant  having  attained  the  height  of  3 
feet.  We  suspect  one  reason  of  its  present  scarcity  to 
be,  its  suffering  from  too  much  moisture  in  Winter ; it  is, 
therefore,  requisite  to  keep  some  plants  of  it  in  pots, 
that  they  might  be  protected  under  frames  in  moist  or 
very  cold  weather.  The  best  method  of  increasing  it  is 
from  seeds,  which  will  ripen  plentifully,  if  some  pollen 
be  rubbed  on  the  stigmas  when  in  full  bloom  ; as  soon 
as  gathered,  they  should  be  sown  in  pots,  and  preserved 
under  a frame  in  Winter,  and  they  will  make  flowering 
plants  for  the  next  Summer. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  split  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 
3.  Stamen  detached.  4.  The  2 upper  Stamens  joined  together,  about  half  way 
their  length ; the  upper  parts  distinct.  5.  Style  and  Stigma.  6.  The  4-bearded 
Seeds. 


05 


& 3)  hi 


25 


CORONILLA  iberica. 

Iberian  Coronilla . 


Natural  Order.  Leguminosa:.  Juss.  gen.  345. 

Div.  VIII.  ( PAPILIONACEJE .)  Corolla  irregularis  papilio- 
nacea.  Stamina  decern  diadelpha.  Legumen  articulatum 
articulis  monospermis.  Juss.  gen.  361. 

CORONILLA.  Calyx  2-labiatus ; supra  2-dentatus  dentibus 
junctis  : infra  3-dentatus.  Vexillum  vix  alis  longius.  Lomentum 
teres,  articulatum,  rectum. 

Herbse  aut  Suffrutices;  folia  imparipinnata,  stipulis  a 
petiolo  distinclis , pedunculi  axillares  et  terminates , umbellatim 
multijlori ; legumen  in  pluribus  2-valve  sub  \-loculare  vix  arti- 
culatum, in  Coronilla  T.  subcylindricum  seminibus  oblongis , 
in  Securidaca  T.  latius  compresso-planum  apice  subulatum 
seminibus  subquadratis , tenue  subulatum  seminibus  cylindricis 
in  Emero  T.  cujus  prceteria  caidis  frutescens  et  petala  unguicu - 
lata  et  unguis  vexilli  basi  2-callis.  Juss.  gen.  361. 


C.  iberica , herbacea  procumbens,  foliolis  undenis  cuneato- 
obcordatis  sericeo-pubescentibus,  stipulis  cuneatis  ciliatis, 
umbellis  6-8-floris. 

Coronilla  iberica.  Marsch.  Bieb.  taur . cauc.  1.  171.  3.  479. 
Link  enum . 2.  p.  244.  Steud . nomen . 228. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  numerous,  prostrate,  spread- 
ing round  in  all  directions,  slightly  angular,  pubescent. 
Leaves  pinnate;  leaflets  generally  11,  cuneate  or 
obcordate,  covered  on  both  sides  with  a silky  pubes- 
cence, margins  fringed.  Petioles  channelled  on  the 
upper  side,  and  convex  on  the  lower.  Stipules  short, 
cuneate,  fringed.  Peduncles  cylindrical,  pubescent, 
bearing  umbels  of  from  6 to  8 flowers.  Involucre  of 
several  very  small  pointed  teeth.  Pedicles  scarcely 

H 


as  long  as  the  calyx,  recurved.  Calyx  2-lipped  ; 
upper  lip  keeled,  composed  of  2 flat  teeth  joined 
together,  fringed  at  the  point  with  numerous  long 
white  hairs ; lower  lip  toothed  with  3 sharp  pointed 
teeth,  also  fringed.  Corolla  papilionaceous,  of  a 
bright  yellow  colour ; vexillum  about  the  length  of  the 
wings,  unguiculate,  keeled,  emarginate;  alee  or  wings 
obovate,  unguiculate,  eared  on  one  side ; keel  about 
the  length  of  the  wings,  or  scarcely  as  long,  bifid  at 
the  base,  point  acute,  curved  inwards.  Stamens  10, 
scarcely  diadelphous,  the  back  stamen  being  joined 
to  the  others  more  than  half  way  up ; filaments  all 
distinct  at  the  points;  anthers  incumbent.  Style  fal- 
cate, gradually  tapering  upwards.  Stigma  capitate. 

For  the  opportunity  of  giving  a figure  of  this  beauti- 
ful plant,  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Anderson,  Curator 
of  the  Garden  belonging  to  the  Apothecaries’  Com- 
pany, at  Chelsea,  where  it  is  cultivated  in  the  open 
ground,  and  spreads  round  to  some  distance,  making 
a fine  appearance  with  its  numerous  golden  yellow 
flowers ; it  differs  from  the  others  of  the  genus,  by  its 
stamens  being  all  connected  at  the  base. 

Being  a native  of  Iberia,  it  is  likely  to  succeed  well 
in  the  open  borders ; but  it  will  be  well  to  keep  some 
plants  of  it  in  pots,  that  they  may  be  protected  in  a 
frame  in  Winter,  as  it  may  probably  suffer  from  too 
much  moisture.  It  is  readily  increased  by  seeds, 
which  ripen  freely. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Vexillum.  3.  One  of  the  alae,  or  wings.  4.  Keel.  5.  The 
10  stamens  joined  at  the  base,  the  back  one  parted  from  the  others  about  half 
way  down.  C.  Germen,  terminated  with  the  Style,  and  small  capitate  Stigma. 


lb 


26 


SALVIA  Tenorii. 


Tenores  Sage . 


Natural  Order.  Labiate.  Brown  prodr.  499. 

Sect.  I.  Stamina  2 fertilia;  v.  dum  4 fertilia.  Antberge 
omnium  dimidiatae. 

SALVIA . Calyx  subcampanulatus,  bilabiatus,  labio  supe- 
rior 3-dentato,  inferior  bifido.  Corolla  ringens.  Filamenta 
duo  fertilia  bifida,  lobo  alter  adscendenti  anthera  dimidiata, 
alter  sterili.  Folia  rugosa.  Flores  verticillato-racemosi. 
Brown  prodr.  500. 


S.  Tenorii , foliis  oblongis  subsinuatis  inaequaliter  crenatis 
rugosis  reticulato-venosis ; summis  amplexicaulibus  acutis, 
verticillis  subnudis,  corollis  galea  hirsuta  falcata,  calycibus 
sulcatis. 

Salvia  Tenorii.  Spreng.  pug.  1.  n.  3.  Rcem.  et  ScJiult. 
syst.  1.  242.  Link  enum.  1.  p.  14.  Steud.  nomen.  p.  729. 

Salvia  Barrelieri.  Tenore.  Schrank . Hort . monac.  1.  t,  5. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  from  1 to  2 feet  high,  not 
much  branched ; branches  bluntly  quadrangular, 
thickly  clothed  with  unequal  spreading  hairs.  Leaves 
near  the  root  petiolate,  oblong,  slightly  jagged,  un- 
equally crenate,  bluntly  pointed,  very  rugged  and 
uneven,  reticulately  veined,  hairy  on  both  sides  ; upper 
leaves  clasping  the  stem,  or  sometimes  with  very  short 
footstalks,  cordate,  acute,  more  deeply  jagged. 
Petioles  flat  on  the  upper  side,  and  convex  on  the 
lower,  hairy,  as  are  the  peduncles  and  calyx.  Floivers 
growing  in  whorls,  about  six  in  each,  of  a beautiful 
dark  blue,  tinged  with  purple.  Bractes  small,  cordate, 
taper-pointed,  fringed.  Peduncles  short  and  slender, 

h 2 


about  half  the  length  of  the  calyx.  Calyx  campanu- 
late,  hispid,  deeply  furrowed  with  numerous  channels, 
2-lipped;  upper  lip  terminated  in  3 short  pointed 
teeth;  lower  lip  bifid.  Corolla  ringent,  hairy;  helmet 
narrow,  and  very  much  falcate;  lower  lip  3-lobed, 
terminal  lobe  cucullate,  crenate,  side  ones  small  and 
narrow.  Stamens  2,  fertile,  on  short  stems  ; filaments 
ascending ; anthers  linear,  incumbent ; sterile  stamens 
2,  gland-like,  on  a short  footstalk.  Seeds  4,  smooth, 
of  a dark  brown  colour.  Style  long  and  slender, 
terminated  with  an  unequal  bifid  stigma. 

This  handsome  plant  was  raised  last  year  at  the 
Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  from  seed  received  from 
Dr.  Fischer,  then  at  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Gorenki, 
under  the  name  of  S.  dumetorum;  but  we  have  no 
doubt  but  it  is  the  species  for  which  we  have  given  it, 
and  it  is  cultivated  by  Mr.  Anderson  as  such.  It 
makes  a fine  show  in  the  flower  borders,  being  covered 
with  beautiful  blue  flowers  in  May  and  June.  Our 
plants  grew  nearly  2 feet  high ; perhaps  when  it  gets 
stronger,  it  will  attain  a greater  height ; it  thrives  well 
in  the  common  garden  soil,  and  would  succeed  very 
well  in  rock-work.  Seeds  of  it  ripen  freely,  so  that 
any  quantity  of  them  may  soon  be  raised. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  split  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 
3.  Stamens  detached  from  the  corolla.  4.  Style  and  unequal  divided  Stigma. 


2 7 


27 


HYOSCYAMUS  agrestis. 

Hungarian  field  Henbane. 


Natural  Order.  SoLANEiE.  Juss.  yen.  124. 
HYOSCYAMUS.  Supra  fol.  12. 


H.  agresiis , foliis  amplexicaulibus  angulato-dentatis  glabrius- 
culis,  floribus  sub-sessilibus,  corollis  reticulato-venosis,  caly- 
cibus  angulatis,  caule  villoso  ramoso. 

Hyoscyamus  agrestis.  Rcem . et  Schult.  sysl.  4.  308.  Link 
enurn . 1.  p.  177. 


Annual.  Stem  erect,  branching,  from  a foot  to  18 
inches  in  height ; branches  spreading,  thickly  clothed 
with  long  villous  hairs.  Leaves  clasping  the  stem, 
ovate,  acute,  angular,  or  toothed  with  large  pointed 
teeth,  smoothish,  nerves  villous  underneath.  Flowers 
all  leaning  to  one  side,  nearly  sessile.  Peduncles  very 
short,  longest  on  the  lowermost  flowers,  villous. 
Calyx  tubular,  5-toothed,  inflated,  angular,  thickly 
clothed  with  long  villous  hairs;  mouth  spreading. 
Corolla  tubular,  mouth  spreading,  ringent,  5-cleft,  of  a 
brownish  yellow,  reticulately  veined  with  violet- 
coloured  veins,  the  lower  part  of  a dark-brownish 
purple;  segments  unequal,  obtuse.  Stamens  5,  in- 
serted in  the  tube ; filaments  densely  clothed  at  the 
base  with  rigid  spreading  hairs,  the  upper  part  smooth 
and  naked  ; anthers  incumbent.  Germen  smooth  and 
shining.  Style  hairy,  about  the  length  of  the  stamens. 
Stigma  capitate,  fimbriate. 


We  first  observed  plants  of  this  species,  about 
seven  years  back,  at  the  Nursery  of  Messrs.  Whitley  and 
Co.  at  Fulham  ; where  it  was  raised  from  seeds  given 
them  by  a friend,  who  collected  them  on  the  Carpa- 
thian Mountains;  it  is  nearly  related  to  our  British 
species  H.  niger , but  differs  in  that  being  biennial ; 
the  present  is  annual.  H.  pallidas  is  also  allied  to  it, 
but  its  flowers  are  of  a pale  yellow,  and  not  netted. 
It  only  requires  to  be  sown  in  the  open  ground ; the 
plants  when  come  up,  must  be  thinned  out,  so  as  to  be 
about  6 inches  apart,  or  else  they  will  be  drawn  up  by 
being  too  close  together,  and  the  plants  will  not  be  so 
handsome,  or  flower  so  well.  If  the  seeds  are  sown 
in  Autumn,  it  will  bloom  early  in  Spring ; if  sown  in 
February,  they  will  flower  later ; some  may  be  sown 
as  late  as  May  or  June,  to  flower  late  in  Autumn ; 
like  other  annuals,  it  is  a good  plan  to  sow  them  at 
different  seasons,  so  as  to  have  a good  succession  of 
flowers. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  where  the 
plants  grew  about  18  inches  high,  and  produced 
plenty  of  seeds. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  split  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  stamens.  3.  Sta- 
men detached,  showing  the  hairy  filament.  4.  Germen,  Style,  and  fringed 
capitate  Stigma. 


28 


HEMEROCALLIS  disticha. 


Fan-like  Day-Lily . 


Natural  Order.  Hemerocallidea:.  Brown  prodr.  295. 

HEMEROCALLIS.  Perianthium  campanulatum ; tubo 
cylindrico.  Stamina  6,  declinata.  Stigma  parvulum,  sim- 
plex, villosulum. 

Herbae  perennes ; rhizoma  fibris  fasciculatis  carnosis  crassis 
nuncfusiformi-protuberantibus  ; folia  radicalia  plura-numerosa 
a piano  obversa  bifaria , ambientiave , lorato-attenuata,  ab 
inferius  convoluto-equitantibus  canaliculato-explicantia,  nunc 
petiolata  lamina  nervoso-costata ; caul  is  teres , bract  ea  vel  spat  ha 
sterili  nunc  folio  stipaius , simplex ; racemus  pauci-multijlorus, 
corymbi-vel  thyrsiformis,  vel  nunc  spicatim  effusus ; pedicelli 
ramiformes  stricti,  gracilisve  flexilis ; flores  majusculi , speciosi. 
Plurimum  Lilij,  multum  Agapanthi  habet . Ker  Botan. 
magaz.  1433. 


H.  disticha , foliis  linearibus  carinatis  distichis,  periantliium 
laciniis  lanceolatis  undulatis  acutis  patentibus  reflexis ; tribus 
interioribus  latioribus,  nervisque  petalorum  exterioribus 
ramosus. 

Hemerocallis  disticha.  Donn  Cant.  ed.  6.  93.  Botan.  magaz. 
1433.  Specie,  enumer . Hort.  sub.  iond.  p.  67. 

Hemerocallis  fulva.  Thumb,  jap.  142.  excl.  syn.  Linn. 


Perennial , producing  numerous  suckers  from  the 
base.  Leaves  distichous,  or  fan-like,  linear,  bluntly 
keeled  on  the  lower  side,  and  deeply  channelled  on 
the  upper,  elegantly  striated,  smooth  and  glossy;  when 
full  grown,  nearly  a yard  in  length.  Flower-stem 
proceeding  from  the  side  of  the  shoot,  much  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  (in  our  specimen,)  about  1 foot  9 inches 
in  height,  forked  at  the  point,  slightly  angular  upwards, 
a little  twisted,  and  slightly  covered  with  a whitish 
powder,  which  comes  off  as  soon  as  touched ; from 
the  stem  is  produced  3 bracte  like  leaves  or  sterile 


spathes,  from  2 to  3 inches  in  length,  sheathing  the 
stem,  their  margins  involute.  Scapes  forked.  Ra- 
cemes 2,  (in  our  specimen,)  each  producing  6 flowers, 
1 or  2 opening  at  the  same  time.  Bracte  short,  at 
the  base  of  each  flower,  cordate  or  ovate,  pointed, 
membranaceous,  sheathing  the  stem ; upper  ones 
shortest,  and  broadest.  Peduncle  very  short,  decur- 
rent down  the  stem.  Perianthium  campanulate,  tubu- 
lar ; tube  about  1 inch  and  a half  in  length,  cylindrical, 
pale  yellow ; segments  6,  lanceolate,  undulate,  acute, 
spreading,  about  3 inches  and  a half  long,  reflexed 
about  half  their  length,  of  a light  brown  orange  colour ; 
inner  petals  broadest.  Stamens  6,  inserted  in  the 
mouth  of  the  tube;  filaments  long,  declining,  irregularly 
bent,  with  here  and  there  a protuberance  on  them. 
Anthers  incumbent,  slightly  attached  to  the  filament. 
Germen  smooth,  obsoletely  3-sided.  Style  about  the 
length  of  the  stamens,  with  some  irregular  protube- 
rances towards  the  point.  Stigma  simple,  slightly 
bearded. 

Our  drawing  of  this  beautiful  plant  was  taken  at 
the  Nursery  of  Messrs.  Allen  and  Co.,  King’s  Road, 
where  it  produced  2 scapes  of  flowers  ; one,  after  the 
other  was  over.  It  is  seldom  to  be  met  with  in  flower 
in  our  collections,  and  may  therefore  be  considered  a 
great  rarity.  We  have  been  acquainted  with  it  for 
several  years,  but  never  saw  it  flower  before ; perhaps 
the  reason  is,  that  we  have,  generally,  seen  it  cultivated 
in  the  open  ground  ; the  present  subject  was  grown  in 
a pot,  by  which  means  it  grew  weaker,  and,  perhaps, 
that  occasioned  its  flowering. 

It  is  a native  of  China,  but  grows  freely  in  the  open 
ground,  in  the  common  garden  soil ; and  propagates 
readily  from  the  suckers,  which  it  produces  in  abun- 
dance. 


1 . The  Tube  split  open,  showing  the  6 stamens  inserted  in  its  month.  2.  Ger- 
men. 3.  Style,  showing  some  protuberances  towards  the  point.  4.  The 
bearded  Stigma. 


29 


PHLOX  triflora. 

Pubescent-stemmed  Lychnidea. 


Natural  Order . Polemonide^e.  Juss.  gen . 136. 
PHLOX.  Calyx  5-fidus  aut  5-partitus  connivens.  Corolla 
tubulosa  hypocrateriformis,  tubo  Jongo,  limbo  piano  5-partito. 
Stamina  5 inaequalia;  antheris  sagittatis.  Stigma  trifidum. 
Capsula  3-locularis,  1-sperma. 

Herbae  ; folia  opposita  simplicia,  floralia  inter dum  alterna ; 
/ lores  subcorymbosi  terminates.  Habitus  Saponarice , sed  flos 
1 -petalus.  Juss.  gen.  loc.  cit. 


P.  triflora , caulibus  erectis  subpubescentibus,  foliis  lanceolatis 
glabris,  corymborum  ramis  subtrifloris,  calycinis  dentibus 
linearibus.  Michaux.  Flor.  Amer.  1 . p.  143. 

Phlox  triflora.  Pers.  syn.  1.  p.  186.  Hort.  sub . lond . p.  36. 

Colv.  catal.  ed.  2.  p.  40.  col.  1. 

Phlox  carnea.  Botan . magaz.  2155. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  branching,  nearly  erect,  a 
little  flexuose,  from  a foot  to  18  inches  high,  thickly 
clothed  with  a dense  woolly  pubescence,  upper  part 
obsoletely  quadrangular ; branches  spreading,  each 
crowned  with  a corymbus  of  flowers.  Leaves  short- 
petioled,  entire,  lanceolate,  acute,  broad  at  the  base, 
smooth,  and  dotted  all  over  with  innumerable  minute 
dots ; lower  ones  opposite,  those  near  the  flowers 
sometimes  alternate.  Flowers  in  a loose  spreading 
corymbus,  of  a pale  lilac  colour;  branches  of  the 
corymbus  mostly  3-flowered.  Peduncles  smooth, 
seldom  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Calyx  deeply  5-cleft, 
segments  linear,  keeled,  and  taper-pointed,  all  joined 
by  a thin  membrane  at  the  base.  Corolla  tubular; 

i 


tube  about  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx  ; limb  5-parted, 
segments  roundly  obcordate,  slightly  undulate,  at  last 
reflexed.  Stamens  5,  unequal,  inserted  in  the  tube, 
one  just  below  the  mouth,  and  projecting  a little 
beyond  it,  2 a little  lower  down,  and  the  other  2 more 
than  one  third  of  the  way  down.  Filaments  very 
short.  Anthers  sagittate.  Pollen  yellow.  Germen 
smooth,  of  a dark  green.  Style  smooth,  filiform. 
Stigma  trifid,  segments  erect,  or  slightly  spreading, 
obtuse. 

Our  drawing  of  this  beautiful  species  was  taken  at 
the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  where  it  continues  to 
flower  from  July  to  October,  if  the  weather  continues 
mild ; like  most  of  the  species  of  this  genus,  it  is  a 
native  of  North  America,  and  contributes  greatly  to 
enliven  our  flower  borders,  the  latter  part  of  Summer. 
It  succeeds  well  in  the  open  ground,  in  the  common 
garden  soil,  growing  to  the  height  of  a foot  or  18  inches, 
according  to  the  strength  of  the  plant,  or  richness  of 
the  soil.  Cuttings  of  it  planted  under  hand-glasses, 
strike  root  readily ; when  rooted,  they  may  either  be 
potted,  or  planted  in  the  ground  ; the  sooner  in  Spring 
the  cuttings  are  put  in,  the  stronger  the  plants  will  be ; 
and  if  planted  early,  many  of  them  will  flower  the 
same  season. 


1 . Calyx.  2.  Corolla,  with  its  tube  split  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the 
stamens.  3.  Stamen  detached.  4.  Style,  terminated  with  3 Stigmas. 


10 


30 


LIN  ARIA  bipartita. 

Cloven-flowered  Toadflax . 


Natural  Order.  Scrophularina:.  Brown  prodr.  433. 

Sect.  II.  Stamina  4 antherifera. 

LIN  ARIA.  Calyx  5-partitus.  Corolla  basi  calcarata ; 
faux  palato  clausa.  Capsula  ventricosa,  bilocularis,  valvata 
y.  dentata;  dissepimento  membrauaceo,  medio  seminifero. 

Folia  scepius  alterna,  in  quibusdam  inferior  a opposita  aut 
verticillata ; fores  axillares , aut  scepius  bracteati  spicati  ter- 
minales.  Species  qucedam  palato  destitutes ; queedam  inter dum, 
feecundatione  hybrida,  corollis  onustee  regularibus  (Peloria  L.) 
5-andris , basi  5-calcaratis,  limbo  5-lobis , interea  non  fructifercey 
sed  taleis  propag andee.  Juss.  gen.  120. 


L.  bipartita , foliis  lineari-lanceolatis ; inferioribus  oppositis  : 

superioribus  alternis,  racemis  laxis,  galea  erecta  bipartita. 
Linaria  bipartita.  Willd.  enum.  2.  640.  Link  enum.  2.  136. 
Hort.  sub.  lond.  p.  141. 

Antirrhinum  bipartitum.  Vent.  hort.  cels.  t.  82.  Pers.  sun.  2. 
p.  155. 

Antirrhinum  speciosum.  Bonn.  hort.  cant.  ed.  7.  p.  178. 


Root  annual.  Stem  erect,  branching;  branches 
erect,  nearly  cylindrical,  smooth,  and  glossy.  Leaves 
linearly  lanceolate,  acute,  concave,  slightly  pubescent, 
glaucous  ; lower  ones  opposite  ; upper  ones  alternate. 
Racemes  long,  erect,  flowers  rather  distant  from  each 
other.  Bractes  cordately  lanceolate,  taper-pointed, 
with  red  margins.  Pedicles  slender,  longer  than  the 
bractes.  Calyx  5-parted  nearly  to  the  base ; segments 
lanceolate,  acute,  keeled ; margins  red  and  transparent. 
Corolla  tapering  into  a long  sharp  spur  at  the  base, 
mouth  closed  ; helmet  erect,  2-parted,  lobes  ligulate, 

i 2 


obtuse ; lower  lip  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  smallest, 
side  ones  rounded  and  spreading.  Flowers  varying 
from  a bright  blue  purple  to  a light  purple,  and 
variously  marked  with  yellow.  Stamens  4,  inserted 
in  the  base  of  the  corolla,  the  2 upper  ones  shortest ; 
filaments  smooth ; anthers  incumbent.  Style  smooth, 
shorter  than  the  stamens.  Stigma  bifid,  points  curved 
inwards  towards  each  other. 

A very  handsome  hardy  annual,  which  requires  no 
particular  care,  as  the  seeds  may  be  sown  in  the  open 
ground,  where  they  are  to  remain,  and  only  require 
to  be  kept  clean  from  weeds ; it  seldom  exceeds  a 
foot  in  height,  but  branches  a good  deal,  so  that  the 
plants  should  not  grow  too  close  together ; the  colour 
of  the  flowers  vary  considerably  on  different  plants, 
some  being  nearly  blue,  others  more  inclining  to 
purple,  and  some  are  nearly  yellow;  if  the  seeds 
are  sown  the  latter  end  of  March,  or  beginning  of 
April,  the  plants  will  be  more  forward  and  stronger 
than  those  that  are  sown  later  in  the  season  ; and  if 
the  weather  be  not  too  dry,  they  will  continue  to  make 
young  shoots,  and  flower  all  the  Summer. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill.  A native  of 
Barbary,  and  flowers  from  June  to  October. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Front  view  of  the  Corolla.  3.  The  same  spread  open,  to  show 
the  insertion  of  the  stamens.  4.  Stamen.  5.  Gerinen,  Style,  and  bifid  Stigma. 


31 


VERBASCUM  pyramidatum. 

Pyramidal  Mullein . 


Natural  Order . Solanea;.  Juss.  gen . 124. 

I.  Pericarpium  capsulare. 

VERBASCUM . Calyx  5-partitus.  Corolla  rotata  patens 
5-loba  insequalis.  Stamina  5,  inaequalia,  filamentis  inclinatis 
barbatis.  Stigma  1.  Capsula  2-locularis,  2-valvis ; valvulis 
inflexis,  polysperma. 

Herbae,  plerceque  tomentosce  ; folia  quorumdam  decurrentia, 
quorumdam  petiolus  appendiculatus  ; fores  Blattarias  T.  spicati 
more  Celsice , Verbasci  T.  spicato-paniculati  bracteati , bracteis 
multifloris . Juss.  gen.  loc.  cit. 


V.  pyramidatum , foliis  nudiusculis  ; inferioribus  oblongis  basi 
attenuatis : superioribus  cordatis  acuminatis  subsessilibus, 
racemis  paniculatis,  floribus  sparsis  subsolitariis,  filamentis 
omnibus  barbatis.  Willd.  enum . 1 . p.  224. 

Verbascum  pyramidatum.  Rcem.  et  Schult,  syst.  4.  p.  343. 
Link  enum.  1.  p . 175.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  p.  40. 


Biennial.  Stem  erect,  from  5 to  3 feet  high,  much 
branched ; branches  forming  a pyramid,  lower  ones 
very  long,  putting  out  other  branches  from  the  bottom ; 
upper  ones  shorter  and  simple,  all  slightly  decurrent, 
furrowed,  very  downy.  Leaves  reticulately  veined, 
a little  rugged,  smooth  and  shining,  scarcely  pube- 
scent ; lower  ones  oblong,  slender  at  the  base,  with  a 
short  footstalk,  sometimes  18  inches  in  length,  un- 
equally jagged,  and  toothed  with  large  bluntish  teeth  ; 
gradually  lessening  in  size  up  the  stem ; at  length 
cordate,  sessile,  acuminate,  more  or  less  jagged  or 
toothed.  Racemes  very  long,  branched.  Flowers 
scattered,  generally  solitary,  of  a light  yellow. 


Bracte  1,  at  the  base  of  each  pedicle,  lanceolate, 
taper-pointed,  slightly  fringed,  lower  ones  a little 
longer  than  the  calyx,  upper  ones  not  so  long.  Pedicles 
scarcely  as  long  as  the  segments  of  the  calyx,  very 
downy.  Calyx  5-parted,  segments  unequal,  some 
ovate,  others  lanceolate,  acute.  Corolla  rotate,  spread- 
ing, 5-parted;  laciniae  unequal,  the  2 upper  ones 
smallest  and  narrowest ; the  lower  one  largest  and 
broadest.  Stamens  5,  inserted  into  the  base  of  the 
corolla,  the  upper  ones  shortest ; filaments  smooth 
and  naked  at  the  base,  of  an  orange  colour,  upper 
part  densely  bearded  with  violet-coloured  villous 
hairs  ; anthers  reniform  ; pollen  orange-coloured.  Style 
smooth  and  glossy.  Stigma  capitate,  villous. 

A fine  stately  biennial,  native  of  Mount  Caucasus. 
Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  where  it  was 
raised  last  year  from  seed  sent  by  Dr.  Fischer.  In 
rich  soil,  it  will  attain  the  height  of  7 or  8 feet,  of  a 
pyramidal  form ; and  being  of  strong  growth,  it  should 
be  kept  at  the  back  of  the  flower  borders.  If  the 
seeds  are  sown  as  soon  as  ripe,  the  young  plants  will 
come  up  and  flower  the  next  season.  It  appears  to 
the  greatest  advantage  singly,  as  its  pyramidal  shape 
is  then  better  seen.  Seeds  ripen  in  abundance,  by 
which  any  quantity  may  be  raised. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens  at 
the  base,  alternating  with  the  segments  of  the  corolla.  3.  Stamen  detached. 
4.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


3 2 


32 


NEMOPHILA  phacelioides. 

Phacelia-like  Nemophila. 


Natural  Order.  Hydrophyllea:.  Brown. 

NEMOPHILA.  Calyx  inferus,  persistens,  10-fidus;  laci- 
niis  alternis  reflexis.  Corolla  campanulata,  5-loba;  lobis 
emarginatis.  Nectarium  foveolse  10  ad  marginem  faucis. 
Stamina  brevia.  Antherce  lunatae.  Capsula  unilocularis. 
Semina  4,  unum  supra  allerura  receptaculis  duobus  parietalibus 
inserta.  ( Ovarium  uniloculare,  placentis  duabus  parietalibus 
dispermis,  ovulis  distantibus.  Capsula  unilocularis,  placentis 
carnosis,  axi  longitudinali  dorsali  affixis,  caeterum  solutis,  seper- 
ficie  ventrali  seminiferis.  Brown  MSS.)  Bot.  mag.  2373. 


Nemophila  phacelioides.  Barton  Jl.  americ.  61.  Botan. 
magaz.  2373. 


Root  biennial  ? or,  perhaps,  annual  ? Stems  succu- 
lent, erect,  much  branched  ; branches  forked,  acutely 
triangular,  occasioned  by  the  decurrent  leaves,  having 
3 flat,  or  rather  convex  sides ; angles  hairy,  the  hairs 
recurved.  Leaves  alternate,  pinnatifid,  slightly  hairy, 
succulent,  of  a light  green  colour;  segments  oblong, 
oblique,  some  bluntish,  others  acute,  finely  ciliate ; 
lower  ones  distant,  more  or  less  lobed.  Petioles 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  decurrent  down  the  stem, 
concave  on  the  upper  side,  and  convex  on  the  lower, 
ciliate,  with  a fascicle  of  long  white  hairs  at  the  base. 
Peduncles  solitary,  cylindrical,  tapering  upwards, 
1-flowered,  sometimes  opposite  to  the  leaf,  more 
frequently  on  one  side,  sometimes  axillary,  or  a little 
above  it,  smooth,  or  with  here  and  there  a hair  scat- 
tered on  it.  Calyx  inferior,  persistent,  10-cleft;  seg- 
ments oblongly-lanceolate,  acute,  ciliate,  every  other 


one  several  times  largest;  5 larger  ones  erect,  or 
spreading,  their  margins  recurved;  5 smaller,  flat, 
reflexed.  Corolla  campanulate,  densely  bearded  at 
the  mouth,  limb  5-cleft,  laciniae  oblong,  obtuse,  slightly 
emarginate,  veined  with  numerous  branching  veins. 
Nectary  10  small  purple  hollows,  surrounding  the 
mouth  of  the  tube.  Stamens  5,  scarcely  half  the 
length  of  the  corolla ; filaments  smooth,  inserted  in  the 
base  of  the  tube;  anthers  incumbent,  sagittate  and 
straight  before  bursting ; afterwards  burst  on  each 
side,  and  becoming  lunular;  'pollen  white.  Germen 
densely  hairy.  Style  erect,  very  hairy  at  the  base,  and 
smooth  upwards.  Stigma  bifid,  ending  in  two  blunt 
simple  points. 

A very  beautiful  hardy  biennial  ? or,  perhaps,  annual? 
native  of  North  America,  and  lately  introduced  by 
John  Walker,  Esq.  of  Southgate,  and  kindly  com- 
municated by  him  to  Mr.  Colvill,  at  whose  Nursery 
our  drawing  was  taken.  It  belongs  to  the  Natural 
Order  Hydrophylleje  of  Mr,  Brown,  to  which,  also, 
belongs  Hydrophyllum , Phacelia,  and  Ellisia , and 
a new  polyspermous  genus,  described  by  Mr.  Brown 
under  the  name  of  Eutoca  Franklinii ; the  above 
genera  have  been  usually  referred  to  Boraginece ; 
an  order  in  which  all  the  true  genera  belonging 
to  it,  bear  4 naked  seeds ; those  above  have  been 
referred  to  it  merely  on  account  of  the  same  number 
of  seeds,  though  contained  in  a capsule;  but,  as 
Mr.  Brown  observes,  Eutoca  being  polyspermous, 
cannot  certainly  belong  to  Boraginece,  but  is  a 
true  congener  of  Hydrophyllece ; it,  therefore,  esta- 
blishes the  order,  though  an  anomaly  in  it. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  One  of  the  lacinias  of  the  corolla,  showing  the  2 nectariferous 
pores,  and  its  bearded  base.  3.  Stamen  inserted  in  the  base  of  the  corolla, 
showing  its  crescent  shaped  anther.  4.  The  same  just  as  the  flower  opens, 
when  the  anthers  are  straight.  5.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


' 


.M'  '■:>  ' ( L L 


/'fZl 


PHLOMIS  pungens. 

Pungent-br acted  Phlomis. 


Natural  Order.  Labiate.  Brown  prodr.  499. 
PHLOMIS . Supra,  fol.  24. 


P.  pungens , foliis  petiolatis  oblongo-lauceolatis  apice  serratis 
superne  scabris  subtus  tomentosis,  calycinis  dentibus  subulatis 
patentibus,  bracteis  calyce  longitudine  subulatis  mucronatis. 
Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  121.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  127. 


Perennial.  Stem  about  18  inches  high,  branching; 
branches  obtusely  quadrangular,  furrowed,  thickly 
clothed  with  long  villous  hairs,  and  short  down 
intermixed.  Leaves  opposite,  oblong  or  lanceolate, 
pointed,  entire  at  the  base,  and  serrated  from  about 
the  middle  with  blunt  serratures;  upper  side  rather 
wrinkled,  roughish,  hairy ; under  side  tomentose, 
many  nerved,  reticulately  veined.  Petioles  short  and 
flat,  widened  at  the  base,  villous.  Flowers  in  whorls, 
10  or  12  in  each,  of  a dingy  purple.  Bractes  nume- 
rous, rigid,  subulate,  taper-pointed,  fringed,  about  the 
length  of  the  calyx.  Calyx  tubular,  narrowest  at  the 
base,  villous,  5-angled,  each  angle  terminated  with 
a long  subulate  spreading  segment,  and  between  each 
angle  is  another  smaller  one ; segments  fringed.  Co- 
rolla tubular,  2-lipped,  woolly;  helmet  keeled,  sides 
compressed,  slightly  bearded,  emarginate ; lower  lip 
3-lobed  ; terminal  lobe  broad,  rounded,  keeled  under- 
neath ; side  lobes  lanceolate,  taper-pointed.  Stamens  4, 
2 rather  longer  than  the  others,  inserted  in  the  mouth 
of  the  corolla ; filaments  hairy ; anthers  incumbent. 


Seeds  4,  naked,  smooth  and  shining.  Style  smooth, 
about  the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  forked,  the 
upper  fork  scarcely  discernible;  lower  one  elongated, 
taper-pointed. 

For  the  opportunity  of  giving  a figure  of  this  rare  and 
handsome  plant,  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  Anderson, 
Curator  of  the  Apothecaries  Company’s  Garden,  at 
Chelsea,  where  our  drawing  was  taken  in  August  last ; 
and  we  do  not  know  that  it  is  in  any  other  collection. 
It  is  a native  of  Armenia,  Persia,  and  Siberia,  and  only 
requires  planting  in  the  open  border  of  the  flower 
garden,  in  a light  rich  soil;  being  quite  hardy  and  of 
easy  culture,  makes  it  a very  valuable  acquisition  to 
our  gardens ; but  it  will  be  some  time  before  it  becomes 
common,  except  it  produces  perfect  seeds,  which  we 
think  it  likely  to  do,  especially  if  some  pollen  be 
attached  to  the  stigma  when  the  flowers  are  in  per- 
fection. If  seeds  are  procured,  we  would  recommend 
their  being  sown  in  pots  as  soon  as  ripe,  and  protected 
in  a frame  during  Winter ; as  many  seeds  of  hardy 
perennial  plants  will  grow  well  and  come  up  soon,  if 
sown  as  soon  as  ripe ; which,  if  kept  till  Spring,  will 
either  not  grow  at  all,  or  be  a long  time  in  coming  up. 


1.  Calyx,  showing  its  5 spreading  subulate  segments,  with  its  pungent  bractes 
at  the  base.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamens  with 
their  hairy  filaments.  3.  The  4 seeds.  4.  Style  terminated  with  an  unequal 
forked  stigma. 


34 


34 


GLOBULARIA  cordifolia. 


Wedge-leaved  Globularia . 


Natural  Order . Globularina:.  Link  enum.  1.  p.  123. 
GLOBULARIA . Supra , fol.  20. 


Q.  cordifolia,  caule  subnudo,  foliis  cuneiformibus  tridentatis: 

dente  intermedio  minimo.  Pers.  syn.  1.  p.  118. 

Globularia  cordifolia.  Willden . sp.pl.  J.  p.6 41.  Hort . .Kew. 
gtf.  2.  v.  1.  p.  223.  Rcem.  et  Schult.  syst.  3.  p.  40.  Jacq. 
aust . 3.  p.  26.  t.  245.  Lam.  ill.  gen.  t . 56./.  2. 


perennial.  Stems  numerous,  prostrate,  much 
branched,  and  extended  to  a considerable  distance, 
smooth  and  shining,  of  a dull  purple  colour.  Leaves 
numerous,  crowded,  smooth  and  shining,  wedge- 
shaped,  attenuated  down  the  petiole,  3-toothed  at  the 
end,  the  middle  tooth  very  small;  margins  unequal, 
rough,  but  scarcely  crenulate.  Petioles  channelled  on 
the  upper  side,  and  convex  on  the  lower.  Flower- 
stalks  naked,  or  with  here  and  there  a small  leaf  on 
them,  angular,  deeply  furrowed,  with  numerous  un- 
equal furrows;  in  our  specimen,  from  2 to  3 inches 
long.  Flowers  pale  blue,  tinged  with  white.  Involucre 
or  Common  Calyx  imbricate;  leaflets  rigid,  spatulately- 
lanceolate,  obtuse.  Receptacle  paleaceous.  Proper 
Calyx  tubular,  very  hairy  below  the  segments,  5-cleft ; 
2 lower  segments  broadest,  lanceolate,  taper-pointed ; 
upper  ones  subulate.  Corolla  tubular,  2-lipped  ; upper 
lip  2-parted,  segments  very  narrow,  obtuse;  lower  lip 
3- parted,  segments  larger,  bluntish.  Stamejis  4,  in- 
serted in  the  tube ; filaments  long  and  slender ; anthers 

k 2 


incumbent ; pollen  whitish.  Germen  superior.  Style 
smooth,  scarcely  as  long  as  the  stamens.  Stigma  1, 
very  small,  capitate.  Seed  1,  enclosed  in  the  persistent 
calyx. 

This  pretty  little  Alpine  plant  is  very  proper  for 
ornamenting  rock-work,  or  for  planting  on  a naked 
bank,  where  its  prostrate  branches  will  grow  to  some 
distance,  and  by  its  numerous  leaves  and  young 
branches,  will  make  a pretty  green  tuft,  which,  in 
July  and  August,  will  be  beautified  by  its  elegant  little 
heads  of  handsome  blue  flowers.  It  may  also  be 
grown  with  advantage  in  a small  pot,  where  it  will 
bloom  very  well.  It  is  a native  of  mountainous  and 
Alpine  situations  in  various  parts  of  Europe,  and  is 
quite  hardy,  thriving  best  in  a light  sandy  soil,  and 
rather  a dry  situation,  being  apt  to  rot  and  die  at  the 
root,  if  the  ground  in  which  it  is  planted  be  too  moist. 
It  may  be  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root ; or  cuttings 
planted  under  hand-glasses  in  Spring,  will  strike  root, 
and  make  nice  young  plants  by  Autumn ; when  rooted, 
they  should  be  hardened  to  the  air  by  degrees  ; at  first, 
taking  off  the  glass  at  night  and  keeping  it  on  by  day ; 
they  may  then  be  potted,  and  protected  in  a dry  situa- 
tion through  the  Winter. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a plant  received  from 
the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Knight,  of  the  King’s  Road. 


1.  Involucre,  showing  its  chaffy  receptacle.  2.  Scale  of  the  chaff.  3.  Calyx. 
4.  Corolla  split  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  4 Stamens.  5.  Germen, 
Style,  and  Stigma,  all  slightly  magnified. 


J M.»  4 


/ Jnuti  M 


>■■■'■  '■/  A . i i 


35 


GLAUCIUM  fulvum. 


Orange-coloured  Horned  Poppy. 


Natural  Order.  Pa  paver  ace^e.  DC.  Rea.  veq.  syst. 

nat.  2.  p.  67. 

GLAUCIUM.  Sepala  2.  Petala  4.  Stamina  numerosa. 
Capsula  siliquaeformis,  bivalvis,  valvulis  ab  apice  ad  basin 
dehiscentibus,  bilocularis,  placentis  nempe  dissepimento  spon- 
gioso  cellulari  conjunctis,  stigmate  bilamellato  margine  incras- 
sato  glanduloso  demum  quasi  bilabiato  coronata.  Semina  intra 
dissepimenti  foveolas  subnidulantia,  scrobiculata,  crista  glandu- 
los&  destituta,  ovato-reniforraia. 

Herbas  biennes,  semper virentes,  glaucce,  succo  croceo  acri 
scatentes.  Radices  perpendicular es.  Folia  radicalia  petiolata, 
caulina  sessilia  imo  amplexicaulia,  pinnatim  plus  minusve  incisa, 
lobis  latis  obtusis  apice  inter dum  mucronulatis.  Pedunculi 
axillares  et  terminates , solitarii,  uniflori.  Flores  flavi  aut  sub - 
phcenicei,  major  es  quam  in  Chelidonio.  DC.  p.  94. 


G.  fulvum , caule  glabro,  foliis  caulinis  rotundato-sinuatis,  sili- 
quis  scabris,  floribus  subsessilibus.  DC.  loc.  cit. 

Glaucium  fulvum.  Smith  exot.  bot.  1.  p.  11.  t.  7.  in  Rees  cycl. 
n.  2.  Willd.  enum.  562.  Hort.  Kevj.  ed.  2.  v.  3.  p.  288. 
Link  enum.  2.  p.  68. 

Chelidonium  glabrum.  Mill.  diet.  n.  5. 

Chelidonium  fulvum.  Poir.  supl.  5.  p.  606. 


Biennial,  or,  perhaps,  Perennial.  Stems  erect, 
branching,  smooth,  or  with  here  and  there  a hair  scat- 
tered on  them,  glaucous,  from  18  inches  to  2 feet  in 
height.  Leaves  glaucous,  thickly  clothed  underneath 
with  long  rigid  white  hairs,  and  densely  above  with 
shorter  ones ; lower  ones  petiolate,  pinnatifid,  segments 
more  or  less  lobed,  lobes  bluntly  rounded ; upper 
leaves  clasping  the  stem,  cordately  auriculate  at  the 


base,  broadly  ovate,  sinuate,  sinuses  broadly  lobed 
and  bluntly  toothed,  less  hairy  underneath.  Flowers 
shortly  peduncled,  nearly  sessile  on  the  upper  part  of 
the  stem,  of  a reddish  orange  colour,  yellow  at  the 
base.  Peduncle  opposite  to  the  leaf,  short,  cylindrical, 
smooth  and  glaucous,  sometimes  terminating  with  a 
few  white  hairs.  Bud  before  expansion  ovately  oblong, 
tapering  to  a point,  thickly  clothed  with  bristle  like 
hairs.  Calyx  of  2 sepals,  which  drop  off  as  soon  as 
the  flower  expands.  Petals  4,  undulate,  the  2 outer 
ones  much  larger  than  the  others ; outer  ones  orbicular; 
inner  ones  obovate,  with  a yellow  spot  at  the  base, 
and  on  the  yellow  spot  is  a brown  mark.  Stamens 
above  100,  the  inner  ones  longest ; filaments  smooth, 
yellow,  attached  to  the  base  of  the  anthers,  which  are 
2-celled,  and  open  longitudinally  to  discharge  the 
pollen;  pollen  bright  yellow.  Siliqua  rough,  occa- 
sioned by  the  small  tubercles  with  which  it  is  covered. 
Stigma  sessile,  bilaraellate,  crested  with  a glandularly 
thickened  margin. 

The  present  handsome  plant,  a native  of  the  South  of 
Europe,  is,  by  some,  considered  biennial,  by  others, 
perennial ; we  are  inclined  to  believe  it  perennial,  but 
very  liable  to  perish  in  Winter  by  too  much  moisture 
at  its  roots ; this  is  not  so  much  to  be  lamented,  as  it 
produces  plenty  of  perfect  seeds,  and  the  plants  raised 
from  these  will  flower  the  same  Summer ; and,  if  the 
Autumn  prove  mild,  will  also  ripen  their  seeds  the 
same  year ; it  is  therefore  sold  as  a hardy  annual  at 
the  Nurseries. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  from  a plant 
about  Id  inches  high,  that  flowered  the  first  year  from 
seed. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Stamens,  front  view.  3.  The  same  split  open,  to  show  the 
longest  Stamens  in  the  middle.  4.  One  detached.  5.  The  bilamellate  Stigma. 
6.  The  rough  tubercled  siliquiform  Capsule. 


36 


MAZUS  rugosus. 

China  Mazus. 


Natural  Order.  Scrophxj larina;.  Brown  prodr.  438. 

Sect.  IT.  Stamina  4 antherifera. 

MAZUS.  Calyx  campanulatus,  5-fidus,  aequalis.  Corolla 
ringens,  labio  superiore  bilobo,  lateribus  reflexis ; inferiore  tri- 
fido,  lobis  integris,  basi  bigibbosa.  Stamina  didynama.  Stigma 
bilamellatum.  Capsula  inclusa,  bilocularis,  bivalvis;  valvis 
integris,  medio  septiferis. 

Herbae  humiles.  Folia  ad  radicem  conferta , caulina  dum 
idla  opposita.  Scapi  racemoso-multiflori  vel  unijlori ; pedicellis 
alternis,  basi  v.  medio  unibracteatis.  Brown  prodr.  439. 


M.  rugosus , racemo  laxo  caulem  paucifolium  superante,  caly- 
cibus  pubescentibus ; fructiferis  acutis.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2. 
v.  4.  p.  53. 

Mazus  rugosus.  Lour.  cocJiinch.  385.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  164. 
Lindernia  japonica.  Willden.  sp  pi.  3.  p.  326.  Pers.  syn.  2. 

p.  166. 

Hornemannia  bicolor,  foliis  obovatis  basi  integerrimis,  calycibus 
patulis  pedunculisque  glabris.  Willd.  enum.  654.  Link 
enum.  2.  p.  143. 

Gratiola  goodenifolia.  Hornem.  hafn.  19. 


Annual.  Stems  short,  tufted,  decumbent,  branching 
in  all  directions,  flexuose,  slightly  angular,  and  clothed 
with  short  white  hairs.  Leaves  opposite,  obovate,  or 
sometimes  oblong,  attenuated  to  the  base,  deeply  but 
distantly  toothed,  rugose,  minutely  punctate,  glossy; 
nerves  and  margins  slightly  hairy.  Racemes  terminal, 
elongated,  many  flowered.  Flowers  distant,  spreading. 
Bractes  small,  1 on  each  pedicle,  a little  above  the 
base,  lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  keeled.  Pedicles  flat- 
tened, slightly  pubescent,  a little  longer  than  the  calyx. 


Calyx campanulate,  5-angular,  5-cleft;  segments  acute, 
keeled,  at  first  lanceolate,  but  continuing  to  grow  till 
they  become  oblong  or  ovate,  pubescent,  spreading. 
Corolla  ringent : upper  lip  small,  ovate,  2-lobed,  of  a 
bluish  purple  ; lower  lip  trifid,  spreading,  with  2 deep 
channels  underneath,  and  2 gibbous  ridges  above, 
white  slightly  tinged  with  blue,  and  on  the  ridges  and 
between  them  are  numerous  brownish  yellow  spots, 
and  clubbed  hairs,  or  pedicled  glands.  Stamens  4, 
2 longer  than  the  others ; filaments  smooth,  attached 
to  the  tube ; anthers  twin,  at  first  distinct,  but  when 
burst,  each  pair  are  attached  by  the  pollen.  Germen 
smooth,  dotted.  Style  smooth,  terminated  by  a bila- 
mellated  stigma. 

The  present  little  plant  is  a native  of  China ; the  one 
from  which  our  drawing  was  taken,  was  raised  this 
Spring  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  from  seeds 
received  from  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Berlin,  under 
the  name  of  Hornemannia  bicolor . It  is  a hardy 
annual ; and  the  plants  begin  to  flower  when  they  are 
scarcely  2 inches  high,  and  continue  to  bloom  all  the 
Summer,  and  ripen  plenty  of  seeds,  growing  in  pretty 
round  tufts,  the  branches  spreading  prostrate  on  the 
ground  in  different  directions.  Being  of  small  growth, 
and  spreading  flat  on  the  ground,  it  should  be  sown  at 
the  front  of  the  flower-borders;  the  proper  time  for 
sowing  them,  is  about  the  middle  of  April ; if  sown 
earlier,  they  will  be  liable  to  be  injured  by  the  Spring 
frost.  Though  not  so  showy  as  some  other  annuals, 
it  is  still  very  pretty  and  curious,  and  causes  a variety, 
which  is  always  interesting. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  split  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  stamens.  3.  The 
same,  with  its  point  bent  back  to  show  the  pedicled  glands.  4.  Shows  the 
2 ridges  in  the  month.  5.  Stamen.  G.  Germen,  Style,  and  bilamellated  Stigma. 


37 


TAXANTHEMA  tatarica. 

Tartarian  Sea  Lavender . 


Natural  Order.  Plumbaginea:.  Brown  prodr.  425. 

TAXANTHEMA.  Calyx  infundibuliformis,  limbo  scarioso, 
5-plicato,  5-dentato.  Corolla  5-petala,  v.  5-partita.  Stamina  5, 
unguibus  petalorum  inserta.  Stylib,  raro  3,  distincti.  Capsula 
evalvis,  membranacea.  Semen  albuminosum.  Spicce  secundae, 
floribus  2-3-bracteatis.  Herbae  v.  Suffrutices.  Caule  scapove 
diviso . Brown  prodr.  420. 


T.  tatarica , scapo  ramoso  divaricato ; ramis  triquetris,  floribus 
distantibus,  foliis  lanceolato-obovato  mucronatis. 

Statice  tatarica.  Willden . sp . pi.  1.  p.  1527.  Pers.  syn.  1. 
p.  333.  Hort.  Kew . ed.  2.  v.  2.  p.  182. 

Statice  foliis  lanceolatis  mucronatis  radicalibus,  caule  ancipiti 
dichotomo,  floribus  alternis  distantibus.  Gmel.  sibir . 2. 
p . 223.  t.  92. 


Perennial.  Root  large,  fusiform,  branching.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  or  lanceolately  obovate,  slightly  undulate, 
mucronate,  attenuated  to  the  base,  into  a kind  of 
footstalk ; much  veined,  of  a hoary  white  colour,  the 
base  tinged  with  red,  as  are  the  young  leaves ; margins 
cartilaginous,  roughish.  Flower-stems  several,  from  a 
foot  to  18  inches  in  height,  3-sided,  very  much 
branched;  branches  3-sided,  flexuose,  all  leaning  one 
way,  paniculately  branching,  and  spreading  in  all 
directions,  each  enclosed  at  the  base  by  a lanceolate, 
taper-pointed,  keeled  bracte.  Spikes  secund,  the 
flowers  all  leaning  to  one  side,  rather  distant,  alternate, 
solitary,  or  in  pairs,  surrounded  by  2 or  3 bractes,  one 
of  which  is  simple,  lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  and 
keeled;  the  others  3-forked,  and  acute,  membranaceous 
at  the  base.  Calyx  funnel-form,  with  a scariose, 
5-plaited,  5-toothed  limb,  of  a white  colour,  with 

L 


6 green  or  brown  stripes  down  the  tube.  Corolla  of  5 
petals,  of  a lively  red ; unguis  about  even  with  the  calyx, 
limb  spreading.  Stamens  5,  inserted  in  the  unguis ; 
filaments  smooth,  attached  to  the  anthers  by  the  back ; 
anthers  exserted  above  the  mouth.  Styles  5,  thickly 
clothed  with  short  gland-like  hairs.  Stigmas  5,  green, 
capitate. 

Our  drawing  of  this  rare  and  beautiful  species  was 
taken  from  a fine  plant,  at  the  Garden  of  the  Apothe- 
caries’ Company,  at  Chelsea;  where  it  thrives  well  in 
the  open  border,  and  flowers  from  July  to  October, 
some  of  the  flowering  branches  attaining  to  the  height 
of  18  inches;  it  thrives  best  in  a light  sandy  soil,  but 
is  slow  of  increase,  except  by  seeds,  which  sometimes 
ripen.  The  plants,  when  grown  strong,  will  sometimes 
bear  dividing,  by  being  carefully  cut  through  the  mid- 
dle, leaving  a part  of  the  root  to  each  piece ; the  best 
time  for  doing  this  is  in  October,  as  the  plants  then 
make  ycung  roots  by  Spring ; if  they  are  divided  in 
Spring,  they  are  very  apt  to  die  oflf,  particularly  if  the 
weather  sets  in  dry  and  warm.  The  seeds  should  be 
sown  as  early  as  possible,  the  latter  end  of  February, 
or  beginning  of  March,  if  the  weather  prove  mild ; if 
they  are  sown  in  pots,  and  kept  in  a frame,  or  the 
greenhouse,  till  they  come  up,  they  will  succeed  best ; 
planting  them  off  in  other  pots,  or  in  a bed  of  nice 
light  soil  as  soon  as  possible,  as  they  are  very  liable  to 
die  off  if  left  too  long  in  the  seed-pots. 

We  have  adopted  the  genus  Taxanthema , of 
Necker,  from  Mr.  Brown’s  Prodromus ; the  original 
genus  Static e of  Tournefort,  which  we  adopt,  is 
composed  of  the  section  Armeria  ; the  division  is  also 
adopted  by  the  German  Botanists,  but  they  have 
used  Armeria  for  a generic  name,  and  continued 
Static e to  the  spiked  species. 

1.  The  3-forked  Bracte.  2.  Calyx.  3.  Corolla  spread  open,  showing  the 
insertion  of  the  Stamens  at  the  base  of  the  petals.  4.  Petal  separate,  with  the 
Stamen  inserted  in  its  base.  5.  Germen  terminated  by  the  5 Styles  and  capi- 
tate Stigmas. 


? 


6 _0.c7 "mUA..  cid. 


^ /y  ..At. dtp erA . CAdie-a,  j3ac  v.  >»S3 


38 


DRACOCEPHALUM  canescens. 


Hoary-leaved  Dragon  s-head. 


Natural  Order . Labiate.  Brown  prodr.  499. 

Sect.  IV.  Stamina  4-fertilia.  Corolla  bilabiata.  Calyx 
bilabiatus.  Juss.  gen.  115. 

DRACOCEPHALUM.  Calyx  5-fidus,  2-labiatus  in  Mol- 
davia T.  subaequalis  in  caeteris.  Corolla  fauce  inflata,  labiata, 
superius  fornicata,  integra  in  Dracocephalo  T.  emarginata  in 
aliis,  inferius  3-loba,  laciniis  lateralibus  brevibus  erectis,  media 
majore  et  productiore,  integra  aut  2-lob£t.  Herbce  aut  rard 
suffrutices ; Jlores  veriicillato-spicati  terminates,  aut  pedunculi 
axillares  uni  vel  multijlori,  bracteati  bracteis  latis  interdilm 
ciliatis,  in  D.  Virginiano  angustis  minimis.  Juss.  gen.  116. 


D.  canescens,  floribus  verticillatis,  bracteis  oblongis  ciliatis, 
foliis  oblongis  canescentibus  : inferioribus  serratis ; superio- 
ribus  integerrimis,  calycibus  striatis  pubescentibus,  tubo 
corollae  calyce  longiore. 

Dracocephalum  canescens.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  156.  Pers. 
syn.  2.  p.  133.  Hort.  Kew . ed.  2.  v . 3.  p.  420. 


Annual.  Stem  nearly  erect,  or  ascending,  bluntly 
4-sided,  much  branched ; branches  opposite,  crossing 
each  other,  clothed  with  a short  white  pubescence. 
Leaves  opposite,  petiolate,  oblong,  blunt,  strongly  and 
numerously  nerved  underneath,  covered  on  both  sides 
with  a short  close  canescent  pubescence ; lower  ones 
broadest,  and  serrated ; upper  ones  narrower,  and 
entire,  becoming  nearly  linear  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
stem.  Flowers  in  whorls  round  the  stem,  of  a bright 
violet  blue,  Bractes  4,  at  the  base  of  each  whorl, 
petiolate,  oblong,  or  ovate,  concave,  and  fringed 
with  spine  like  bristles.  Pedicles  short,  compressed, 

L 2 


pubescent.  Calyx  5-cleft,  striated,  pubescent,  upper 
segment  double  the  width  of  the  others,  bluntish; 
lower  ones  taper-pointed,  mucronate.  Corolla  tubular, 
inflated  at  the  mouth,  2-lipped ; upper  lip  emarginate, 
concave,  doubling  in  so  as  to  enclose  the  stamens; 
lower  lip  3-lobed,  end  lobe  very  broad,  emarginate, 
recurved,  side  ones  short  and  blunt,  rounded.  Sta- 
mens 4,  inserted  in  the  mouth,  2 a little  longer  than 
the  others,  declining : filaments  bearded  at  the  base, 
and  smooth  from  about  the  middle ; anthers  incumbent. 
Style  smooth  and  glossy.  Stigma  2-cleft,  with  acute 
points. 

A beautiful  hardy  annual,  native  of  the  Levant,  and 
seldom  now  to  be  met  with  in  any  collection,  which 
is  rather  surprising,  as  it  is  much  more  showy  than 
many  others  that  are  now  generally  cultivated  ; it  only 
requires  to  be  sown  in  the  open  borders  in  the  common 
garden  soil,  and  to  be  kept  clear  of  weeds ; the  best 
time  for  sowing  the  seeds  is  the  beginning  of  March, 
if  the  weather  proves  favourable ; the  plants  will  then 
get  strong,  and  flower  abundantly  all  the  latter  part  of 
Summer. 

A patch  of  these  plants  were  grown  this  last  Sum- 
mer at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  from  whence  our 
drawing  was  made.  They  grew  to  the  height  of  from 
18  inches  to  2 feet,  branching  on  every  side,  and  were 
covered  with  flowers  nearly  the  whole  of  their  length 
at  the  same  time,  which  made  an  elegant  appearance. 
Our  Figure  cannot  do  justice  to  the  original  for  want 
of  room ; but  from  it  may  be  inferred  what  the  plants 
really  were. 


1.  The  fringed  Bracte.  2.  Calyx.  3.  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  the 
insertion  of  the  Stamens.  4.  Stamen  detached.  5.  Style,  and  cleft  Stigma. 
6.  The  4 naked  Seeds. 


3J> 


39 


CALENDULA  hybrida. 

Great  Cape  Marygold . 


Natural  Order.  Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2. 103. 

CALENDULA.  Flores  radiati;  flosculi  centrales  masculi, 
ambientes  hermaphroditi ; ligulae  foemineae.  Involucrum  sim- 
plex potyphyllum  sequale.  Receptaculum  nudum.  Pappus 
nullus.  Semina  saepe  membranacea;  marginalia  diversa  ab 
interioribus,  incurva  sub  ligulis  luteis  in  C . Europeis,  aut  in 
C.  Africanis  cordato-plana  sub  ligulis  albo-violaceis.  Flores 
scepc  solitarii  terminales.  Species  plurima  fruticulosa. 


C.  hybrida , foliis  oblongo-lanceolatis  obtusis  dentatis,  caule 
folioso,  pedunculis  superne  incrassatis.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3. 
p.  2342. 

Calendula  hybrida.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  492.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2. 
v.  5.  p.  167.  Schkuhr  handb.  3.  p.  173.  t.  264. 


Root  annual.  Stem  about  a foot  high,  much 
branched ; branches  spreading  in  all  directions,  of  a 
purplish  colour,  thickly  clothed  with  short  white 
spreading  unequal  hairs,  as  are  the  leaves,  peduncles, 
and  calyx.  Leaves  sessile;  lower  ones  spatulately 
oblong,  obtuse,  rather  carnose,  and  toothed  here  and 
there  with  large  blunt  teeth ; upper  ones  alternate, 
narrower,  and  more  acute,  oblong,  or  lanceolate,  and 
toothed  on  each  side  with  1 or  2 smaller  pointed  teeth. 
Peduncles  terminal,  gradually  increasing  in  size  up- 
wards, much  thickened  just  below  the  flower,  and 
particularly  when  in  fruit ; 1-flowered.  Involucre  sim- 
ple, many-leaved ; scales  nearly  equal,  linearly-lanceo- 
late,  taper-pointed,  with  fringed  membranaceous 
margins.  Receptacle  slightly  convex,  naked,  dotted. 
Ligulce , or  Rays , fertile,  densely  fringed  at  the  base 


with  long  white  hairs,  and  terminated  at  the  point  with 
3 short  teeth;  upper  side  pure  white ; the  under  side 
of  a bright  purple,  or  violet,  bearing  no  stamens,  but  a 
filiform  style,  and  purple  bifid  stigma ; florets  in  the 
centre  tubular,  5-cleft,  hairy  at  the  base,  barren,  only 
producing  stamens;  outer  ones  fertile,  also  5-cleft, 
bearing  both  stamens  and  pistils.  Stamens  5 ; filaments 
distinct;  anthers  connected  into  a tube.  Style  ex- 
tending just  above  the  stamens.  Stigmas  2,  blunt, 
fringed.  Seeds  from  the  ray  spatulate,  rugose ; those 
from  the  disk  obcordate,  with  a thin  membranaceous 
margin. 

A very  handsome  hardy  annual,  only  requiring  to  be 
sown  in  the  open  borders,  and  to  be  kept  clear  of 
weeds.  It  must  not  be  sown  too  early  in  the  Spring, 
being  a native  of  the  Cape,  as  the  Spring  frosts  would 
be  liable  to  injure  it ; the  latter  end  of  April,  or 
beginning  of  May,  according  as  the  weather  suits,  is 
the  best  time  for  sowing  the  seeds ; they  will  then 
flower  from  July  to  October,  if  the  season  continue 
mild,  and  will  ripen  plenty  of  seeds. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
where  the  plants  were  about  15  inches  in  height,  and 
very  bushy ; and  they  continued  in  flower  this  year  till 
the  end  of  October. 


1.  Involucre  cut  through  the  middle,  to  show  the  dotted  receptacle.  2.  Floret 
of  the  ray,  showing  its  2 stigmas.  3.  Fertile  floret  of  the  disk.  4.  The  same 
laid  open,  showing  its  nerves  alternating  with  the  teeth.  5.  The  5 Stamens 
spread  open,  to  show  the  united  anthers,  and  distinct  filaments.  6.  Style  of 
the  floret  of  the  disk,  crowned  with  its  fringed  stigmas.  7.  Seed  from  the  ray. 
8.  Seed  from  the  disk. 


. 

. 


4 0 


( tU 


■ / m.\ 


40 


MALCOMIA  Chia. 

Dwarf  branching  Malcomia . 


Natural  Order . Crucifer^e.  DC . Reg.  veg.  syst . 
v.  2.  p.  139. 

Subordo  II.  Notorhizeje.  DC.  p.  150. 

Cotyledones  planae,  incumbentes.  Radicula  dorsalis.  Semina 
ovata,  immarginata. 

Tribus  VII.  SlSYMBREJE  seu  NOTORHIZEJE  SlLIQUOSJE. 
Siliqua  bilocularis  longitudinaliter  dehiscens,  valvis  concavis 
carinatisve.  Semina  ovata  aut  oblonga,  immarginata.  Cotyle- 
dones planae,  incumbentes,  septo  contrariae. 

MALCOMIA.  Calyx  clausus,  nunc  basi  bigibbus,  nunc 
subaequalis.  Petala  limbo  obovata  aut  obtusissime  emarginato. 
Stamina  tetradynama,  libera,  edentula.  Siliqua  teres,  2-locula- 
ris,  2-valvis,  stigmate  acutissimo  simplici  terminata.  Semina 
ovata,  1-serialia,  immarginata.  Cotyledones  planae,  incumbentes. 
Herbae  annua  aut  perennes , pilis  stellatis  scepius  scabrce  aut 
velutince.  Folia  oblonga  aut  ovalia , Integra  dentata  aut  sinuato - 
pinnatifida.  Pedicelli  in  racemum  digesti , ebracteati.  Flores 
purpur ascent es  aut  albi}  inter dum  minimi , in  hortis  non  duplices 
evadunt.  DC.  p.  438. 


M.  Chia , caule  erecto  ramoso,  foliis  obovatis  integris  pube  bi- 
partita adpressa,  pedicellis  calycis  longitudine,  siliquis  tere- 
tiusculis  pubescentibus,  stylo  brevissimo.  DC.  p.  440. 

Malcolmia  Chia.  Link  enum.  p.  167. 

Cheiranthus  Chius.  Lin.  sp.  924.  Mill.  diet.  n.  13.  Willd. 
sp.  pi.  3.  p.  518. 

Hesperis  Chia.  Lam.  diet.  3.  p.  324.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  203. 

Hesperis  siliquis  hirsutis  flore  parvo  rubello.  Dill.  elt.  180. 
t.  147.  /.  178. 


Annual.  Root  slender,  small,  fibrous.  Stems  much 
branched,  from  6 to  12  inches  high,  cylindrical,  pu- 
bescent, the  hairs  close-pressed,  and  affixed  by  their 
middle.  Leaves  pubescent  underneath,  the  hairs 
2-parted,  entire,  or  rarely  toothed  \ lower  ones  obovate, 


or  spathulate,  attenuated  down  the  petiole,  blunt,  or 
emarginate  at  the  point;  stem  ones  narrower  and 
more  acute,  tapering  to  the  base.  Racemes  3 to 
9-flowered,  lengthening  after  flowering.  Pedicles 
cylindrical,  about  3 lines  long.  Calyx  of  4 sepals, 
gibbous  on  each  side  at  the  base,  about  the  length  or 
a little  longer  than  the  pedicles  ; sepals  linear,  acute. 
Flowers  of  a purplish  lilac,  about  half  the  size  of 
M.  maritima;  petals  obovate,  emarginate,  their  ungues 
about  the  length  of  the  calyx.  Stamens , 4 long,  and 
2 short.  Pod  straight,  nearly  cylindrical,  pubescent 
when  young.  Style  very  short  and  acute. 

Malcomia  was  first  established  as  a distinct  genus 
by  Mr.  Brown,  in  the  second  edition  of  the  Hortus 
Kewensis,  and  contains  a natural  and  distinct  group  of 
plants  that  had  been  hitherto  referred  to  Cheiranthus 
and  Hesperis ; and  M.  Decandolle  has  described 
15  species,  12  of  them  annual,  1 biennial,  and  2 peren- 
nial. The  present  species  is  annual,  and  very  proper 
for  the  edging  of  borders,  or  to  be  sown  in  clumps  near 
the  edges  of  flower  borders,  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
more  common  M.  maritima , (generally  known  by  the 
name  of  Virginian  Stock  ;)  the  seeds  may  be  sown  any 
time  between  February  and  June ; and  by  sowing  them 
at  various  seasons,  a succession  of  flowers  may  be  kept 
up  all  the  Summer ; those  sown  the  early  part  of  the 
season,  will  produce  plenty  of  seeds ; whereas  them 
that  are  sown  later,  will  be  more  doubtful,  and  their 
seeding  will  depend  on  the  mildness  of  the  season. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
in  June  last. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Petal.  3.  The  6 Stamens  with  the  young  Siliqua  in  the  midst 
of  them.  4.  Stamen  detached.  5.  The  young  Siliqua  terminated  with  a short 
acute  Style,  all  slightly  magnified. 


M ty  Jl  pj  I ML. 


J M.Jy 


'/  1)  JmA  U 


41 


RHEXIA  mariana.  P-  rubella. 

Maryland  Rhexia,  stained  variety . 


Natural  Order.  Melastomacea:.  Juss.  gen.  328. 
RHEXIA.  Calyx  urceolatus,  quadrifidus.  Corolla  4-  petal  a, 
calyci  inserta.  Stamina  8,  antheris  declinatis.  Capsula  setosa, 
4-locuIaris,  intra  ventrem  calycis. 


It.  mariana,  caule  rufescente  hirsutissimo,  foliis  hirsutis  sub- 
petiolatis  ovali-lanceolatis  lanceolatis  linearibusve,  calyce 
longo  tubuloso  glabriusculo.  Pursh.fior.  amer.  sept.  1.  p.  2 57. 

Rhexia  mariana.  Mich.fi.  amer.  1.  p.  221.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  2. 
p.  301.  Pers . syn . 1.  p.  406.  Hort.Kew . ed.  2.  v . 2.  p.  340. 
Lamarck  ill.  283.  f.  1. 

a.  purpurea,  foliis  angusto-lanceolatis  vel  oblongis,  floribus 
saturate  purpureis.  Mich.  1.  c. 

/3.  rubella , foliis  ovali-lanceolatis  vel  oblongis,  floribus  dilute 
rubellis.  Mich.  1.  c. 

y.  exalbida , foliis  linearibus,  caule  birsutiore,  floribus  pallidis. 
Mich.  1.  c. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  numerous,  about  a foot 
high,  much  branched;  branches  spreading  in  all 
directions,  bluntly  quadrangular,  furrowed,  thickly 
clothed  with  brown  spreading  rigid  hairs,  tipped  with 
a red  gland.  Leaves  opposite,  3-nerved,  finely  but 
sharply  serrate,  hairy  on  both  sides,  bluntish  ; lower 
ones  oval,  or  oblong,  gradually  narrowing  upwards ; 
upper  ones  lanceolate,  or  linear.  Petioles  very  short. 
Flowers  terminating  the  branches  in  a kind  of  panicle, 
more  or  less  tinged  with  red.  Peduncles  short  and 
stiff,  smooth.  Calyx  urceolately  tubular,  4-cleft,  an- 
gular, smoothish,  with  a few  rigid  hairs  scattered  on  it 
here  and  there;  segments  ovate,  acute,  spreading. 

M 


Petals  4,  inserted  in  the  calyx,  spreading.  Stamens  8, 
inserted  in  the  calyx ; filaments  flat,  smooth  ; attached 
to  the  anthers  a little  above  their  base  ; anthers  linear, 
declining,  with  a sharp  subulate  spur  at  the  back,  just 
above  the  filament.  Style  smooth,  green,  terminated 
by  a papillose  capitate  stigma. 

This  rare  and  handsome  species  is  a native  of  North 
America,  growing,  according  to  Pursh,  in  bogs,  and 
sandy  woods,  near  waters,  from  New  Jersey  to 
Carolina,  and  flowering  in  July  and  August;  with  us 
it  requires  as  warm  a border  as  possible,  and  to  be 
planted  in  a bed  of  peat  earth ; it  will  then  thrive  well, 
and  flower  late  in  Autumn ; if  it  is  not  planted  in  a 
warm  situation,  it  is  a great  chance  if  it  flower  at  all ; 
and,  certainly  not,  except  it  be  a very  warm  season, 
though  the  plant  itself  is  quite  hardy,  enduring  our 
most  severe  Winters  without  any  protection,  and 
attaining  about  a foot  in  height.  Its  time  of  flowering 
with  us,  if  in  a favourable  situation,  is  from  the  latter 
end  of  August,  till  November,  if  the  weather  prove 
mild.  Our  drawing  of  the  present  specimen,  was 
taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  in  October  last. 

We  are  inclined  to  think  that  more  than  one  species 
is,  at  present,  confused  under  R.  mariana,  from  the 
disagreement  of  the  descriptions  of  different  Authors, 
and  the  varieties  that  are  enumerated  ; we  have  never 
seen  the  least  variation  in  our  cultivated  plants.  The 
best  method  of  propagating  it  is  by  dividing  it  at  the 
root ; or  young  cuttings  planted  under  a hand-glass  in 
peat  soil,  will  strike  root  freely. 

1.  Calyx.  2.  Petal.  3.  Calyx  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the 
Stamens.  4.  Stamen  detached.  5.  Anther  detached  from  the  filament,  show- 
ing the  spur  at  the  base.  6.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


■ 


£2)  <U 


J ul>  Ify  JL  f '/  In 41  ,y  rrt  ' / hL‘2/-, 


j) -fi  tilt  1/ 


42 


NEOTTIA  cernua. 

Nodding -flowered  Neottia. 


Natural  Order . Orchidea:.  Brown  prodr.  309. 

Sect.  II.  MoNANDRiE.  Antliera  stigmati  parallela,  per- 
sisted, loculis  approximatis.  Pollinis  masses  pulverese,  in 
granula  (simplicia)  facile  solvendae,  apice  affixse  filo  a stigmatis 
glandula  ortum  ducenti.  Herbce  Terrestres.  Brown,  prodr.  314. 

NEOTTIA.  Perianthium  ringens ; foliolis  exterioribus 
anticis  labello  imberbi  suppositis ; interioribus  conniventibus. 
Columna  aptera.  Pollen  farinaceum.  Brown. 


N.  cernua , bulbis  fasciculatis,  foliis  lanceolatis  trinerviis,  caule 
vaginato,  spica  spiraliter  subimbricata  pubescente,  floribus 
recurvato-cernuis,  labello  oblongo  integro  crenulato. 

Neottia  cernua.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  4.  p.  75.  Pers.  syn.  2, 
p.  511.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  vol.  5.  p.  199.  Pursh.  Jl.  amer. 
sept.  2.  p.  589.  Botan.  magaz . 1568. 

Oplirys  cernua.  Linn . sp.  pi.  1340.  Mich.  jl.  bor.  amer.  2. 
p.  158. 

Limodorum  autumnale.  Waller  jl.  car.  p.  221. 


Perennial.  Roots  composed  of  a fascicle  of  oblong 
bulbs,  or  tubers.  Stems  several,  from  a strong  plant. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  3-nerved,  attenuated  at  the 
base,  sheathing  the  stem,  smooth  and  glossy.  Scapes 
in  our  specimen  about  18  inches  in  height,  leafy, 
smooth  on  the  lower  part,  and  densely  pubescent  on 
the  upper.  Spikes  oblong,  from  4 to  6 inches  in  length, 
densely  pubescent  between  the  flowers.  Flowers 
white,  fragrant,  spirally  arranged,  nodding ; the  upper 
ones  scarcely  half  the  size  of  the  lower  ones.  Bractes 
lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  concave,  ciliated  with  glan- 
dular hairs,  double  the  length  of  the  germen,  points 

m 2 


carved  inwards.  Germen  bvate,  narrowed  at  the 
base,  hairy,  the  hairs  tipped  with  small  glands. 
Perianthium  ringent,  thickly  clothed  on  the  outside 
with  pellucid  glandular  hairs ; three  outer  leaflets  lan- 
ceolate, taper-pointed;  the  upper  one  stuck  to  the 
2 inner  ones  for  more  than  half  their  length,  points  of 
the  lateral  ones  bent  inwards  ; two  inner  ones  concave, 
connivent,  and  blunter.  Labellum  oblong,  not  divided 
into  lobes,  more  or  less  acute,  margins  undulate, 
crenulate.  Column  green,  not  winged.  Anther  1, 
attached  to  the  point  of  the  stigma,  and  covered  with 
a brown  taper-pointed  hood. 

A very  rare  and  interesting  plant,  native  of  North 
America;  its  flowers  are  delightfully  fragrant,  and 
they  last  a long  time  in  beauty  ; the  present  specimen 
having  been  in  bloom  from  the  beginning  of  August, 
to  the  middle  of  November.  It  appears  to  be  more 
free  of  growth  than  the  plants  belonging  to  this  family 
generally  are,  as  it  thrives  well  in  a border  of  very 
sandy  loam,  and  appears  to  be  making  offsets  freely ; 
but  we  expect  it  will  yet  be  some  time  before 
it  becomes  common,  except  others  are  imported 
from  America.  We  expect  many  more  species  of 
this  interesting  family  from  that  country  shortly,  as 
Mr.  Colvill  has  applied  to  a Correspondent  there,  to 
send  all  the  species  that  can  be  collected  ; and  he  has 
received  notice  that  he  may  soon  expect  them,  with 
many  other  curious  plants. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  in  September 
last. 


1.  Bracte.  2.  The  3 outer  leaflets  of  the  Perianthium.  3.  The  2 inner  ones. 
4.  The  Labellum,  showing  its  crenated  margin.  5.  The  Germen  divested  of  the 
Perianthium,  showing  the  column,  with  the  Anther  in  front,  covered  with  its 
brown  hood.  6.  The  same  divested  of  the  hood,  the  Anther  exposed  to  view. 
7.  The  same  divested  of  the  Anther.  8.  Inner  view  of  the  Anther.  9.  The 
Hood  with  which  the  Anther  was  covered,  all  highly  magnified. 


SDJnJL  M 


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J\  JjCLI-  iy  fit-nip 


43 


IMPATIENS  biflora. 


Two-jlowered  Touch  me  not. 


Natural  Order.  Bals amines. 

IMPATIENS.  Calyx  2-sepalus.  Corolla  5-petala,  hy- 
pogyna,  irregularia  et  insequalia;  superius  latius  fornicatum; 
inferius  breve  basi  calcaratum ; lateralia  seu  interiora  2 basi 
appendiculata  aut  interdum  bipartita.  Stamina  5 hypogyna, 
filamentis  brevibus  primo  monadelphis,  dein  maturatione  dis- 
tinctis,  antherarum  persistente  superna  coalitione.  Germen  1 ; 
stylus  0;  stigma  acutum.  Capsula  oblonga  5-locularis  poly- 
sperma  5-valvis,  elastice  dissiliens  valvis  in  spiram  intortis, 
dissepimentis  membranaceis  ex  receptaculo  columnari  centrali 
seminifero  enatis  et  valvularum  margini  appositis;  corculum 
seminis  rectum  absque  perispermo. 

Herbae ; folia  alterna  aut  rarius  opposita,  non  stipulacea ; 
pedunculi  axillares  uni  aut  mulliflori.  Genus , anted  Papavera- 
ceis  adjectum , simile  calyce  2-phyllo  et  corolla  \-petald  et  stylo 
nullo , sed  discrepans  antheris  definitis  et  connatis , fructu  mul - 
tiloculari  et  multivalvi,  receptaculo  centrali  et  foliis  interdum 
oppositis.  Exids  convenit  Geraniis  Africanis  similiter  calca - 
ratis , sed  huic  ut  et  Tropceolo  calcar  liberumf  non  pedicello 
inhcerens  ut  in  Geraniis  ; diver sa  insuper  staminum  et  fructus 
et  seminis  structura.  Genus  ergd  sui  ordinis  nunc  verl  unicum . 
An  pro  calyce  habenda  petala  2 exteriora , calycis  munus  jam 
obeuntia  in  flore  nondum  explicate  ? Juss.  gen.  270. 


I.  biflorat  pedunculis  plerumque  bifloris  solitariis,  foliis  ovatis 
argute  dentatis.  Pursh.  fl.  amer.  sept.  1.  p.  171. 

Impatiens  biflora.  Willd.  sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1175.  Walt . flor. 

car.  219.  Pers.  syn.  1.  p.  257.  Hort.  sub.  lond.  47. 


Annual.  Stem  upright,  2 to  3 feet  high,  rather 
flexuose,  tumid  at  the  joints,  much  branched,  smooth 
and  glossy;  branches  spreading  in  all  directions, 
flexuose,  of  a glossy  purple,  angular.  Leaves  ovate, 
acute,  sharply  toothed  with  short  teeth,  longer,  and 
sharper  at  the  base,  reticulately  veined  underneath, 
and  furrowed  on  the  upper  side,  soft  and  tender,  soon 


r 


withering  after  being  gathered.  Petioles  smooth, 
flattened  and  furrowed  on  the  upper  side,  and  convex 
on  the  lower.  Peduncles  axillary,  very  slender,  gene- 
rally 2-flowered,  continuing  to  grow  till  the  seeds  ripen. 
Pedicles  filiform,  with  a small  subulate  bracte  about 
the  middle  of  each.  Calyx  of  2 sepals,  which  are 
roundly  ovate,  acute,  concave,  of  a membranaceous 
texture,  with  a strong  green  midrib.  Flowers  pendu- 
lous, of  a dark  yellow,  spotted  with  red  on  the  inside. 
Petals  unequal,  irregular.  Nectary  cowl-shaped, 
terminated  in  a blunt  spur.  Stamens  5 ; filaments  short 
and  stout,  at  first  connected,  but  after  the  flower  vis  ex- 
panded, distinct;  anthers  5,  connected;  pollen  cream- 
coloured.  Germen  smooth  and  glossy,  crowned  with 
an  acute  stigma . Capsule  5-valved,  when  ripe  opening 
with  an  elastic  spring  as  soon  as  touched,  the  seeds 
springing  out,  and  the  valves  of  the  capsule  rolling  up. 

This  very  curious  annual  plant  is  a native  of  North 
America,  and  is  mentioned  by  Mr.  Pursh  as  growing 
in  wet  shady  places,  from  Canada  to  Carolina.  It  is 
quite  hardy,  and  only  requires  to  be  sown  in  the  open 
ground,  about  the  latter  end  of  March,  or  beginning  of 
April,  if  the  weather  is  mild,  requiring  a dampish 
shady  situation,  where  it  will  grow  to  the  height  of 
3 feet,  or  upwards,  and  will  continue  to  flower  till 
destroyed  by  the  frost  in  Autumn  ; if  in  a dry  exposed 
situation,  it  will  not  grow  near  so  strong,  nor  last  so 
long  in  flower.  A peculiar  property  belongs  to  this 
plant,  and  the  others  belonging  to  this  genus,  in  the 
elasticity  of  their  capsules ; when  the  seeds  are  nearly 
ripe,  if  the  capsules  are  ever  so  lightly  pressed,  they 
immediately  burst,  the  valves  rolling  up,  and  the  seeds 
springing  to  a distance,  so  that  it  requires  much  care 
to  procure  them. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Apothecaries’  Com- 
pany’s Garden,  at  Chelsea,  in  September  last. 

1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  petals. 
3.  Stamens,  spread  open  to  show  the  connected  anthers,  and  the  insertion  of 
the  filaments.  4.  Germen  terminated  with  an  acute  Stigma.  5.  Capsule  burst 
open,  all  magnified  except  the  last. 


Aj  I?  X >W  fkJLa  / mu 


fDaikn,  JUL  -U 


44 


LIATRIS  squarrosa. 

Squarrose-cupped  Liatris,  Rattlesnake' s Master . 


Natural  Order.  Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2.  103. 
LTATRIS.  Receptaculum  nudum.  Pappus  plumosus, 
coloratus.  Involucrum  oblongum,  imbricatum. 


L.  squarrosa , caule  simplici  pubescente,  foliis  linearibus  ner- 
vosis  scabris,  racemis  paucifloris  foliosis,  involucris  turbina- 
tis  ; squamis  lanceolatis  obtusis  rigidis  patentibus. 

Liatris  squarrosa.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  1634.  Pers.  syn.  2. 
p.  403.  Hort.  Keiv.  ed.  2.  v.  4.  p.  503.  Pursh.flor . amer. 
sept.  2.  p.  509. 

Serratula  squarrosa.  Hort.  cliff.  392. 

Cirsium  tuberosum,  capitulis  squarrosis.  Dill.  elth.  83.  t.  71. 

/.  82. 


Root  perennial,  tuberous.  Stem  simple,  from 
18  inches  to  2 feet  high,  pubescent.  Leaves  long, 
linear,  rough,  particularly  at  the  edges,  slightly  pube- 
scent, nerved  underneath ; stem-leaves  narrower,  those 
near  the  flowers  shorter,  broader  at  the  base,  and 
tapering  to  the  point.  Racemes  leafy ; floivers  distant 
from  each  other,  the  lower  ones  on  long  peduncles, 
upper  ones  shorter;  terminal  flower  expanding  first, 
the  others  gradually  opening  downwards,  of  a bright 
purple  colour.  Peduncles  purplish,  rough,  pubescent, 
gradually  thickening  upwards,  and  tapering  to  the 
base,  leafy.  Involucre  turbinate,  many-leaved,  imbri- 
cate ; scales  lanceolate,  obtuse,  roughish,  finely  ciliate, 
spreading;  upper  ones  coloured  at  the  points.  Re- 
ceptacle naked,  convex,  punctate.  Florets  numerous, 
tubular,  5-cleft ; tube  about  the  length  of  the  pappus ; 
laciniae  lanceolate,  acute,  about  half  as  long  as  the 
tube.  Stamens  5,  inserted  in  the  middle  of  the  tube; 
filaments  slender,  distinct,  smooth ; anthers  connected 


by  a thin  membrane  at  the  base,  but  distinct  at  the 
points.  Style  smooth,  longer  than  the  tube  of  the  floret, 
terminating  in  two  long  purple  ligulate  stigmas,  about 
the  length  of  the  style.  Seeds  furrowed,  very  hairy, 
crowned  with  a pencil-like  pappus  of  purple  feathered 
hairs. 

Our  drawing  of  this  rare  and  beautiful  plant  was 
taken  in  October  last,  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Knight, 
in  the  King’s  Road.  It  is  a native  of  North  America ; 
Pursh  mentions  it  as  growing  in  sandy  woods  and 
fields,  in  Virginia,  Kentucky,  and  Carolina,  “ where 
it,  and  L.  scariosa  are  known  among  the  inhabitants 
of  those  countries  by  the  name  of  Rattlesnake's  Master . 
In  case  of  being  bit  by  this  horrible  animal,  they  bruise 
the  bulbs  of  this  plant,  and  apply  it  to  the  wound ; 
while,  at  the  same  time,  they  make  a decoction  of  it 
in  milk,  which  is  taken  inwardly.” 

When  grown  in  a rich  light  soil,  this  species  will 
attain  the  height  of  2 feet,  or  upwards ; but  it  is  very 
liable  to  perish  in  Winter,  from  its  roots  receiving  too 
much  moisture,  the  only  reason  we  can  account  for 
its  present  scarcity,  having  been  known  in  our  gardens 
as  far  back  as  the  year  1732.  Its  flowering  so  late  in 
the  season,  is  also  much  against  its  increase,  as  it 
seldom  perfects  its  seed  in  this  country ; but  this  might 
be  easily  remedied,  if  a plant  be  grown  in  a pot,  and 
placed  in  a greenhouse  just  as  its  flowers  are  opening, 
and,  as  they  expand,  to  attach  some  pollen  to  the 
stigmas,  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  they  will  seed 
freely ; as  we  have  found  it  to  succeed  well  with 
L.  scariosa , and  L.  pilosa.  As  soon  as  ripe,  the  seeds 
should  be  sown  in  pots  of  light  sandy  soil ; they  will 
then  come  up  strong  in  Spring,  and  some  of  them  will 
flower  the  following  Autumn. 


1.  Involucre  with  its  front  scales  taken  off,  to  show  the  naked  dotted  recep- 
tacle. 2.  Floret  enclosed  by  the  pappus  of  the  seed.  3.  The  same  split  open, 
to  show  the  nerves.  4.  Stamens  spread  open,  showing  the  distinct  filaments, 
and  united  anthers.  5.  Style  and  Stigmas.  6.  Seed  terminated  by  its  pencil- 
like pappus. 


. 


- 


45 


SCUTELLARIA  orientals. 


Yelloiv-flowered  Skull-cap . 


Natural  Order.  Labiata:.  Brown  prodr.  499. 

Sect.  II.  B.  Calyx  bilabiatus. 

SCUTELLARIA.  Calyx  bilabiatus,  ebracteatus,  labiis 
integris,  superiore  intus  fornicato,  extus  apice  gibbo ; fructus 
clausus.  Corolla  ringens,  galea  subtridentata,  labii  inferioris 
lacinia  media  emarginata. 

Herbae  v.  SufFrutices.  Flores  axillares,  solitarii  v.  ter- 
minates, spicati.  Brown  prodr.  507. 


S.  orientalis,  foliis  incisis  subtus  tomentosis,  spicis  rotundato- 
tetragonis.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  171.  Enum.  supp.  42. 
Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  3.  p.  426.  Link  enum . 2.  p.  120. 
Botan.  magaz.  2120. 


Perennial . Stems  of  a woody  texture  at  the  base, 
spreading,  ascendent,  much  branched ; branches 
spreading,  of  a purple  colour,  pubescent.  Leaves 
opposite,  ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  incised  or  deeply 
toothed,  with  blunt  rounded  teeth,  underneath  clothed 
with  a dense  white  tomentum.  Petioles  shorter  than 
the  leaves,  pubescent.  Spikes  roundly  4-sided,  from 
2 to  4 inches  in  length.  Bractes  sessile,  ovate,  con- 
cave, pointed,  much  veined,  villous.  Pedicles  short, 
villous,  close-pressed  to  the  stem.  Calyx  very  small, 
2-lipped,  very  hairy  ; lips  entire,  the  upper  one  forming 
a kind  of  cap,  and  enclosing  the  seeds.  Corolla  tubu- 
lar, ringent,  villous,  of  a yellow  colour,  the  helmet 
tinged  with  red,  lower  lip  reflexed  on  each  side. 
Stamens  4,  inserted  in  the  tube,  2 rather  longer  than 
the  others ; filaments  declining,  slightly  hairy  at  the 

N 


base,  and  smooth  at  the  points  ; anthers  hairy.  Style 
smooth,  about  the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  a 
small  simple  point. 

A pretty  herbaceous  perennial,  which  produces  an 
abundance  of  flowers,  continuing  to  bloom  from  July 
to  October ; and  only  requires  to  be  planted  in  the 
open  ground,  in  a rich  light  soil;  but  we  believe  it  not 
to  be  a long  lived  plant,  and  must,  consequently,  be 
frequently  renewed  either  by  seeds  or  cuttings  ; if  by 
the  latter,  they  will  strike  root  readily,  taking  off  the 
young  shoots  and  planting  them  under  a common 
hand-glass  in  the  open  ground  ; but  care  must  be 
taken  not  to  let  the  glass  remain  on  them  too  long, 
or  they  will  be  apt  to  damp ; as  soon  as  they  begin 
to  root,  a little  air  must  be  given  them,  encreasing  it 
by  degrees,  till  the  plants  are  well  rooted ; they  may 
then  be  planted  where  they  are  to  remain.  If  raised 
from  seeds,  they  may  either  be  sown  in  pots,  or  in  the 
open  ground  ; and  the  sooner  they  are  transplanted 
where  they  are  to  remain  the  better,  as  they  do  not 
miss  their  removal  when  young,  but  when  grown 
larger,  they  are  likely  to  wither  and  not  do  so  well ; 
the  same  observation  is  suitable  to  most  herbaceous 
plants. 

A native  of  the  Levant;  of  low  stature,  seldom 
attaining  a foot  in  height,  and,  therefore,  proper  for 
the  front  of  flower  borders.  Our  drawing  was  taken 
at  the  Apothecaries’  Company’s  Garden,  at  Chelsea, 
in  August  last. 


1.  Calyx,  highly  magnified,  the  upper  part  turned  back,  to  show  the  4 naked 
seeds.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  filaments.  3.  Sta- 
men detached.  4.  Style,  and  simple  Stigma. 


t 


l 


. 


\ 


-JGMu 


46 


MATHIOLA  tricuspidata. 

Three-forked  Stock . 


Natural  Order . Crucifera;.  DC.  Reg.  veg.  sysl.  nat. 
v.  2.  p.  139. 

Subordo.  I.  Pleurorhizeje.  DC.  p.  146. 

Cotyledones  planae,  accumbentes.  Radicula  lateralia.  Se- 
mina compressa. 

Tribus  I.  ArabIDEJE  sea  Pleurorhizeae  Siliquosae.  Siliqua 
dehiscens,  septo  lineari  seminibus  plus  minus  latiore.  Semina 
ovalia,  compressa,  saepe  marginata.  Cotyledones  planae,  ac- 
cumbentes, septo  parallelae. 

MATHIOLA . Calyx  erectus,  basi  bisaccatus.  Petala 
unguiculata,  limbo  patente  obovato  aut  oblongo.  Stamina 
libera,  edentula,  longiora  subdilatata.  Siliqua  teres  vel  com- 
pressa, elongata,  bilocularis,  bivalvis,  stigmate  connivente  bilo- 
bo,  lobis  dorso  vel  incrassatis  vel  cornigeris.  Semina  com- 
pressa, 1-serialia,  saepius  marginata.  Cotyledones  planae,  ac- 
cumbentes. Herbae  aut  rarissimb  suffrutices,  erects  aut  diffu- 
ses, ramosce,  fere  omnes  tomento  stellato  molli  albidce,  interdum 
glandulis  subpedicellatis  scabrce.  Folia  alterna , oblonga , integra 
aut  dentato-sinuata.  Racemi  terminates.  Pedicelli  ebracteati. 
Flores  purpurei  aut  albi  aut  sordid & pur pur  ascent  es,  tristes, 
scepius  odorati.  DC.  p.  162. 

Sect.  IV.  AciNOTUM.  Petalorum  laminae  obovatae  obtusae 
aut  emarginatae,  laete  purpureae  aut  albae.  Siliqua  apice  tricus- 
pidata, stigmatum  dorsis  nempe  in  cornua  exsertis.  DC.  p.  175. 


M.  tricuspidata,  caule  suberecto  ramoso,  foliis  sinuato-pinnati- 
fidis,  siliquae  cuspidibus  3 acutis  subaequalibus.  DC.  loc.  cit . 
Mathiola  tricuspidata.  Brown  hort.  hew.  ed.  2.  v.  4.  p.  120. 
Hort.  sub.  lond.  147. 

Cheiranthus  tricuspidatus.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  523.  Sibth. 
fl.  grcec.  t.  639.  Schkuhr.  handb.  2.  p.  250.  1. 184. 


Root  annual,  slender.  Stems  much  branched, 
spreading  in  various  directions,  cylindrical,  attaining 
a foot,  or  18  inches  in  height,  thickly  clothed  with 
branching  woolly  hairs ; branches  flexuose,  ascending. 

n 2 


Leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  slender  at  the  base  ; those  near 
the  root  repandly-dentate,  or  slightly  sinuate  ; stem 
ones  more  divided,  sinuately  pinnatifid  ; sinuses  obtuse, 
tomentose.  Racemes  terminal,  flexuose,  many-flowered. 
Pedicles  tomentose,  about  a line  long,  at  first  erect, 
afterwards  spreading.  Floivers  of  a bright  lilac,  light 
at  the  base.  Calyx  of  4 sepals,  about  4 lines  long, 
tomentose,  swollen  into  2 little  pouches  at  the  base. 
Petals  4,  alternate  with  the  sepals,  limb  obovate,  or 
obcordate,  at  first  of  a pale  lilac,  afterwards  becoming 
darker;  claw  slender,  about  the  length  of  the  calyx. 
Stamens  6,  unequal  ; filaments  2,  very  short,  and 
straight ; 4 longer,  with  a small  tooth  on  one  side, 
running  down  in  a wing  to  the  base ; anthers  linear, 
2-celled.  Siliqua  nearly  round,  tomentose.  Stigma 
lengthening  out  into  3 points,  or  horns,  the  middle  one 
erect,  the  others  spreading. 

The  present  genus  was  first  established  by 
Mr.  Brown,  in  the  second  edition  of  the  Hortus 
Kewensis,  and  contains  all  the  different  species  of 
Stocks,  which  were  before  that  time  arranged  with 
Cheirantlius , (or  the  Wall-flowers.)  M.  Decandolle 
enumerates  27  species,  which  he  divides  into  4 Sec- 
tions, or  Sub-genera.  The  present  species  belongs  to 
his  last  Section,  distinguished  from  the  others  by  its 
horned  stigma,  and  obovate  petals ; it  is  a very  pretty 
annual  plant,  native  of  the  sandy  shores  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, and  of  the  South  of  Europe,  growing,  with 
us,  to  the  height  of  a foot,  or  18  inches,  and  requires 
no  other  treatment  but  to  be  sown  early  in  Spring,  in 
the  open  ground,  in  as  light  a soil  as  possible,  and  to 
be  kept  free  from  weeds. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  in  September 
last. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Petal.  3.  Stamens,  4 long,  and  2 short.  4.  One  detached,  to 
show  the  small  tooth  in  the  middle  of  the  filament,  running  down  in  a wing  to 
the  base.  5.  Siliqua  spread  open,  to  show  the  seeds,  terminated  by  3 points, 
or  horns.  G.  Seed. 


fiuJr  !ry  Ji.  Jvs€e±-  J^v ' 1 182  h 


sA-'uJkn 


DRACOCEPHALUM  argunense. 

Fischer's  Dragon  $-head. 


Natural  Order.  Labiate.  Brown  prodr.  499. 
DRACO  CEP  HAL  UM.  Supra  fol.  38. 


D.  argunense,  floribus  verticillato-spicatis  subcapitatis,  foliis 
lineari-lanceolatis  obtusis  integerrimis  margine  scabris, 
bracteis  elliptico-lanceolatis  acuminatis. 

Dracocephalum  argunense.  Fischer  Mss.  Link  enum.  2.  p.  118. 


Perennial.  Stems  several  from  the  same  root, 
branching  a little,  obtusely  4-sided,  pubescent,  from  a 
foot  to  18  inches  in  height.  Leaves  linearly  lanceolate, 
entire,  bluntish,  with  rough  edges,  attenuated  into  a 
kind  of  footstalk  at  the  base,  smooth  and  glossy  on 
the  upper,  and  slightly  pubescent  on  the  lower  side. 
Flowers  in  a whorled  spike,  terminated  in  a kind  of 
head,  of  a bright  blue  colour.  Bractes  4,  at  the  base 
of  each  whorl,  elliptically  lanceolate,  taper-pointed, 
entire.  Pedicles  short  and  flat,  slightly  pubescent. 
Calyx  5-cleft,  striated  with  numerous  shallow  furrows; 
segments  lanceolate,  acute,  of  a purplish  colour,  upper 
one  more  than  double  the  size  of  the  others.  Corolla 
tubular,  inflated  at  the  mouth,  2-lipped,  hairy  within 
and  without;  upper  lip,  or  helmet,  emarginate,  con- 
cave, very  hairy  on  both  sides  ; lower  lip  3-lobed ; 
end  lobe  very  broad,  obcordate,  sides  doubled  in, 
spotted  inside  with  numerous  small  purple  spots ; side 
lobes  small,  rounded,  sides  reflexed.  Stamens  4, 
inserted  in  the  mouth,  2 a little  longer  than  the  others, 
declining ; filaments  bearded  with  long  white  hairs, 


particularly  the  upper  ones,  and  terminating  in  a blunt 
point,  the  anthers  attached  below  it ; anthers  incum- 
bent, also  bearded.  Style  smooth  and  glossy.  Stigma 
2-cleft,  ending  in  2 unequal  points.  Seeds  4,  rugged. 

For  the  opportunity  of  giving  a figure  of  this  new 
and  beautiful  plant,  we  are  obliged  to  Mr.  William 
Anderson,  the  worthy  Curator  of  the  Garden  belong- 
ing to  the  Apothecaries’  Company,  at  Chelsea;  a 
collection  particularly  rich  in  hardy  herbaceous  plants. 
The  present  species  was  raised  from  seeds,  received 
by  Mr.  Anderson  from  Dr.  Fischer.  It  is  a native 
of  Siberia,  and  thrives  well  in  the  open  borders, 
flowering  from  July  to  October,  and  attaining  the 
height  of  a foot,  or  18  inches,  according  to  the  strength 
of  the  soil ; scarcely  any  plant  can  be  better  adapted 
for  the  borders  of  the  flower  garden ; and  as  it  spreads 
but  little,  it  needs  little  room.  Young  cuttings  of  it, 
planted  under  hand-glasses  in  the  open  ground,  the 
same  as  recommended  for  Scutellaria  orientalis,  will 
root  readily ; it  may  also  be  raised  from  seeds,  which 
will  ripen  occasionally. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  stamens. 
3.  Stamen  detached,  showing  the  hairy  filament,  and  anther.  4.  Style  and 
Stigmas.  5.  The  4 naked  Seeds. 


48 


AMMOBIUM  alatum. 


Winged-stalked  Ammobium. 


Natural  Order.  Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2. 103. 

Sect.  II.  CARDUACEJE . Div.  5.  Vernoniacece. 

AMMOBIUM.  Receptaculum  paleis  distinctis.  Pappus ; 
margo  dentatus.  Anther ce  basi  bisetae.  Involucrum  imbrica- 
tum,  coloratum  radians. 

Herba  erecta , tomentosa . Folia  integerrima , radicalia  lan - 
ceolata , basi  attenuata ; caulina  minora , decurrentia.  Caulis 
alatus,  ramis  unifloris.  Involucra  hemisphcerica  laminis  albis , 
intimis  patulis  radium  abbreviatum  efformantibus . Corollulae 
uniformes , flavce . Stigmata  truncato-dilatata.  Semina  a/ici- 
pitia.  Receptaculum  convexum.  Brown  in  Botan.  magaz.  2459. 


Ammobium  alatum.  Brown  loc.  cit . 


Stems  from  18  inches  to  2 feet  in  height,  flexuose, 
much  branched,  4-winged  ; branches  corymbose,  erect, 
tomentose,  each  terminated  with  a single  capitulum ; 
wings  more  or  less  curled,  or  undulate.  Leaves  at 
the  root  stellately  spreading,  oblongly  lanceolate, 
acute,  tapering  to  the  base,  entire,  tomentose ; those 
on  the  stems  short,  lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  undu- 
late, broad  at  the  base,  clasping  the  stem,  and  decur- 
rent, or  running  down  it  in  a leafy  border,  or  wing. 
Peduncle  erect,  also  winged.  Involucre  many-leaved, 
imbricate ; scales  white,  scariose,  oblong,  blunt,  more 
or  less  wrinkled,  radiate  when  the  flower  is  expanded. 
Receptacle  chaffy.  Chaff  membranaceous,  broadly 
lanceolate,  slightly  toothed  near  the  point,  strongly 
keeled  at  the  back,  mucronate.  Rays  none.  Florets 
tubular,  5-cleft,  clothed  here  and  there  with  small 
glandular  pellucid  hairs.  Stamens  5;  filaments  dis- 
tinct; anthers  connected,  but  distinct  at  the  points, 
with  2 small  bristle  like  spurs  at  the  base  of  each. 


Style  smooth,  included  in  the  tube.  Stigmas  2, 
spreading,  each  terminated  in  a small  truncated  head. 
Seeds  flat,  sharp-edged,  terminated  by  2 very  small 
teeth. 

Our  drawing  of  this  curious  and  pretty  perennial 
plant,  was  taken  at  the  extensive  and  richly  stocked 
Garden  belonging  to  the  Horticultural  Society  at 
Chiswick,  in  August  last,  where  it  was  raised  from 
seed  received  from  New  South  Wales,  sent  by 
Mr.  Charles  Frazer,  Corresponding  Member  of  the 
Horticultural  Society ; and  we  are  informed  by  Joseph 
Sabine,  Esq.  that  it  is  hardy,  and  grows  well  in  a rich 
border,  blossoming  the  whole  Summer,  and  Autumn. 
“ It  was  discovered  by  Robert  Brown,  Esq.  in  1804, 
growing  plentifully  near  the  shores  of  Port  Hunter, 
in  New  South  Wales,  and  named  by  him  Ammobium, 
from  its  growing  in  sand.”  We  would  recommend  its 
being  planted  in  a south  border;  and,  should  the 
Winter  be  severe,  to  be  occasionally  covered  with  a 
little  straw,  or  fern ; but  always  leaving  it  uncovered 
in  mild  weather,  that  it  might  not  rot.  We  believe 
most  of  the  herbaceous  plants  from  New  South  Wales, 
Van  Diemen’s  Land,  and  New  Zealand,  would  suc- 
ceed well  by  this  management ; several  that  we  have 
tried  ourselves  have  succeeded  very  well. 

We  have  often  been  surprized  that  the  seeds  of  so 
few  annual  plants  have,  as  yet,  been  introduced  from 
New  Holland,  and  also  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
where  so  many  pretty  and  interesting  ones  are  growing 
wild  in  all  directions  ; those  would  be  most  desirable, 
as  they  would  all  prove  quite  hardy,  requiring  nothing 
but  to  be  sown  in  the  open  ground. 

1.  The  Chaffy  Receptacle  cut  through  the  middle.  2.  Scale  of  the  Involucre. 
3.  Scale  of  the  Chaff.  4.  Floret  of  the  Disk.  5.  The  same  split  open,  to  show 
the  insertion  of  the  Stamens.  6.  The  same  divested  of  the  Stamens.  7.  Sta- 
mens, showing  the  united  Anthers  and  distinct  Filaments.  8.  Seed,  terminated 
by  a Style,  and  2 capitate  Stigmas,  all  magnified,  except  the  Receptacle. 


I 

■ 


49 


LIATRIS  spicata. 

Long-spiked  Liatris . 


Natural  Order . Composite.  Adanson  farm,  2.  103. 
Sect.  II.  Carduaceje.  Div.  5. 

LI  A TRIS.  Supra  fol.  44. 


L.  spicata , caule  simplici  elato,  foliis  linearibus  glabris  basi 
ciliatis  nervosis  et  punctatis,  spica  longissima ; floribus  sessi- 
libus,  squamis  lineari-oblongis  obtusis  appressis.  Pursh  FI. 
Amer . sept . v.  2.  507.  sub.  L.  macrostachya. 

Liatris  spicata.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  1636.  Botan. 

magaz.  1411.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  403. 

Liatris  macrostachya.  Mich,  amer . 2.  p.  91. 

Serratula  spicata.  Andrews's  reposit.  401. 


Root  tuberous,  bulbiform,  fleshy ; from  the  base 
and  sides  of  which  proceed  numerous  fibres.  Stems 
several,  springing  from  the  same  root,  from  J to  4 feet 
high,  erect,  more  than  half  composed  of  pith,  very 
leafy,  channelled,  owing  to  the  wiugs  that  run  down 
the  stem  from  one  leaf  to  the  next,  smooth,  green  below, 
and  purple  upwards.  Leaves  sessile,  at  the  root  lan- 
ceolate, stem  ones  linear,  smooth,  with  a fringed  base, 
prominently  veined  and  dotted  with  numerous  small 
transparent  dots,  bluntish.  Flowers  purple,  crowded 
in  a long  close  spike,  sessile.  Involucre  many-leaved, 
imbricate ; scales  linearly  oblong,  obtuse,  close  pressed, 
with  a thin  membranaceous  margin.  Receptacle  naked, 
slightly  convex,  punctured.  Florets  from  10  to  20, 
tubular,  5-cleft,  tube  about  the  length  of  the  pappus ; 
laciniae  oblong,  bluntish,  about  half  the  length  of  the 
tube.  Anthers  5,  connected  into  a tube,  about  the 
length  of  the  floret.  Style  about  as  long  as  the  anthers, 
where  it  divides  into  2 long  blunt  stigmas  of  a lilac 

o 


colour,  some  of  which  are  as  long  again  as  the  floret. 
Seeds  channelled,  very  hairy.  Pappus  composed  of 
numerous  feathered  hairs. 

This  very  handsome  Autumn-flowering  species  will, 
in  a rich  light  soil,  sometimes  attain  the  height  of  3 or 
4 feet;  in  poorer  soil  it  scarcely  exceeds  a foot,  or 
18  inches.  It  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  plants  with 
which  we  are  acquainted,  for  the  borders  of  the  flower 
garden,  as  it  is  quite  hardy,  and  is  in  bloom  from 
August  to  October;  the  only  danger  of  its  not  suc- 
ceeding is,  if  it  be  planted  in  a damp  situation,  as  its 
fleshy  roots  are  very  liable  to  perish  with  too  much 
moisture;  after  flowering,  the  roots  sometimes  raise 
themselves  considerably  above  the  earth  ; in  that  case, 
they  should  be  covered  with  a little  dry  mould.  The 
best  time  for  transplanting  them,  is  late  in  Autumn, 
when  they  are  dormant,  or  very  early  in  Spring ; and 
if  in  a dry  situation,  the  roots,  if  very  large,  may  be 
parted ; they  may  also  be  raised  from  seeds,  which 
should  be  sown  in  pots  as  soon  as  ripe,  and  soon  after 
they  are  come  up,  may  be  transplanted  in  the  open 
ground,  where  they  will  soon  become  flowering  plants. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  King’s  Road, 
Chelsea,  in  September. 

— »' 

1.  Capitulum  split  through  the  middle,  to  show  the  naked  dotted  receptacle. 
2.  Floret  spread  open,  to  show  the  nerves.  3.  Stamens  spread  open,  showing 
the  distinct  filaments,  and  united  anthers.  4.  Style  terminated  by  its  2 blunt 
spreading  Stigmas.  5.  Seed,  showing  its  feathered  pappus. 


... 


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50 


IBERIS  odorata. 

Sweet-scented  Candy-tuft. 


Natural  Order.  Crucifers.  DC.  Reg.  veg.  syst . nat . 
v.  2.  p.  139. 

Subordo  I.  Pleurorhizeje.  DC.  p.  146. 

Tribus  III.  THLASPIDEJE  seu  Pleurorhizeae  Angustiseptae. 
Silicula  bilocularis,  bivalvis,  septo  angustissimo  lineari,  valvis 
carinatis  aut  navicularibus.  Semina  ovalia,  compressa,  saepe 
marginata.  Cotyledones  planrn,  accumbentes.  DC.  p.  372. 

IBERIS.  Calyx  basi  aequalis.  Petala  4,  inaequalia,  2 ex- 
teriora  majora.  Stamina  libera,  edentula.  Silicula  valvis  cari- 
natis navicularibus  depressissima,  basi  ovata,  apice  valvis  nempe 
in  lobulos  productis  emarginata,  stylo  persistente  filiformi 
apiculata,  septo  interdum  bipartibili  angustissimo,  loculis  latere 
interno  axi  adnatis,  1-spermis.  Semina  ovata,  pendula.  Radi- 
cula  ad  latus  embryonis  exterius.  Cotyledones  interius  adscen- 
dentes,  accumbentes.  Herbae  aut  Suffrutices.  Caules  teretes , 
scepiiis  glabri , interdum  subcarnosi.  Folia  alterna , linearia  aut 
obovata,  integra , dentata  aut  pinnatifida , interdilm  crassiuscula. 
Racemi  nunc  elongati,  nunc  per  anthesin  corymbosi  posted 
elongati , nunc  imo  post  anthesin  corymboso-umbellati.  Pedicelli 
ebracteati.  Flores  albi  aut  pur  pur  ascent  es  ( nunquam  lutei  )f 
exterior es  corumbi  maqis  irrequlares , inter iores  subrequlares. 
DC.  syst.  p.  393. 


I.  odorata , herbacea  glabra,  foliis  linearibus  dentatis  basi  ciliatis 
apice  dilatatis,  siliculis  subrotundis;  emarginaturae  lobis 
acutis  patulis  stylo  brevioribus.  DC.  syst.  p . 400. 

Iberis  odorata.  Lin.  sp.  906.  Mill.  diet.  n.  4.  Willd.  sp. 
pi.  3.  p.  437.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  187.  Hort.  sub.  lond.p.  144. 
DC. prodr.  1.  p.  180. 


Root  annual,  slender.  Stem  erect,  bluntly  angular, 
more  or  less  branched,  densely  clothed  with  short 
white  hairs;  branches  erect,  furrowed.  Leaves  linear, 
succulent,  slender,  and  fringed  at  the  base,  widened, 

o 2 


and  blunt  at  the  point;  lower  ones  pinnatifid,  segments 
blunt,  spreading;  upper  ones  longer  and  narrower, 
thinly  toothed  near  the  point  with  short  blunt  teeth. 
Peduncle  obsoletely  4-cornered,  and  furrowed  with 
numerous  channels,  very  hairy.  Flowers  corymbose, 
white,  sweet-scented,  very  little  lengthened  when  in 
fruit.  Pedicles  slender,  a little  flattened,  thickest  at 
the  base,  and  gradually  tapering  upwards ; lower  ones 
longest.  Calyx  of  4 short  sepals,  which  are  obovate, 
concave,  their  points  bent  inwards,  with  brownish  red 
membranaceous  margins.  Petals  4,  unequal,  parti- 
cularly on  the  outer  flowers ; on  the  inner  ones  becom- 
ing nearly  equal.  Style  a little  longer  than  the 
stamens.  Silicle  nearly  round,  covered  with  small 
pellucid  glands,  and  terminated  in  2 spreading  sharp- 
pointed  lobes. 

Our  drawing  of  this  pretty  and  fragrant  annual 
plant,  was  taken  this  Summer  at  the  Nursery  of 
Mr.  Colvill,  where  it  was  cultivated  in  the  open  ground, 
and  continued  to  flower  all  the  Summer ; it  is  allied 
to  I.  pinnata , but  differs  in  its  stem  leaves  being  only 
toothed,  and  its  acute  lobed  pods ; it  is  also  related 
to  I.  amara,  in  its  flowers,  but  differs  considerably  in 
its  leaves  and  pods.  A native  of  Crete ; and  only 
requires  to  be  sown  in  the  open  borders,  and  to  be 
kept  free  from  weeds.  Our  specimens  grew  to  the 
height  of  a foot,  and  ripened  plenty  of  seeds,  which 
should  be  sown  in  March,  or  April ; others  may  be 
sown  later  in  Summer,  they  will  then  continue  to  flower 
late  in  the  season. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  One  of  the  large  petals,  and  1 of  the  small  ones.  3.  Stamens. 
4.  Stamen  detached.  5.  Germen,  showing  its  acute  lobes,  and  terminated  with 
the  style,  and  capitate  stigma.  6.  Silicle,  or  pod. 


A A 


51 


CENTAUREA  suaveolens. 


Yellow  sweet  Sultan , or  Centaury. 


Natural  Order.  Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2. 103. 

Sect.  II.  Cakduaceje. 

CENTAUREA.  Receptaculum  setosum.  Pappus  simplex. 
Corollce  radii  infundibuliformes,  longiores,  irregulares. 

Sect.  I.  (Centaurea  Juss.)  Flores  centrales  hermaphroditic 
marginales  neutri.  Involucri  squamae  inarm es  simplices.  Folia 
simplicia  aut  pinnata. 


C.  suaveolens , involucris  inermibus  glabris,  squamis  subrotundo- 
ovatis  obtusiusculis  apice  sphacelatis,  foliis  lyrato-pinnatifidis. 
Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  2279. 

Centaurea  suaveolens.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  481.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2. 
v.  5.  p.  144. 


Annual.  Stem  erect,  much  branched,  from  a foot 
to  18  inches  in  height;  branches  angular,  pubescent. 
Leaves  lyrately  pinnatifid,  when  young  pubescent,  the 
pubescence  gradually  wearing  off ; lower  ones  ovate 
or  elliptic,  more  or  less  sharply  toothed ; upper  ones 
oblong,  or  lanceolate,  more  pointed ; segments  bluntish. 
Peduncles  terminal,  1-flowered,  many  angled,  pube- 
scent. Flowers  large,  golden  yellow.  Involucre  many- 
leaved, imbricate;  scales  roundly-ovate,  blunt,  and 
terminated  with  a brown  point,  the  upper  ones  spha- 
celate, smooth,  or  slightly  pubescent.  Receptacle  flat, 
setose.  Marginal  florets  very  large,  barren,  tubular, 
terminated  with  from  18  to  24  sharp  pointed  teeth. 
Florets  of  the  disk  fertile,  tubular,  and  terminated  in 
5 long  pointed  teeth,  furnished  both  with  stamens  and 
pistil.  Stamens  5;  filaments  distinct;  anthers  con- 


nected  ; pollen  bright  yellow.  Style  smooth.  Stigma 
terminated  in  a Tong  point.  Seeds  densely  hairy, 
crowned  with  a feathered  pappus. 

This  very  handsome  and  delightfully  fragrant  annual, 
is  particularly  well  adapted  for  ornamenting  the  flower 
borders  in  Summer ; it  is  rather  more  tender  than  the 
more  common  Sweet  Sultan,  or  C.  moschata , and 
thrives  best  in  a warm  dryish  situation  ; if  sown  in  the 
open  ground,  it  should  be  in  a border  of  light  rich 
earth,  and  as  much  exposed  to  the  sun  as  possible  ; 
if  the  Summer  proves  favourable,  the  plants  will  suc- 
ceed very  well,  growing  to  the  height  of  a foot,  or 
18  inches,  and  continuing  to  bloom  nearly  all  the 
Summer.  They  may  also  be  sown  in  pots,  in  a hot- 
house, or  green-house,  or  on  a hot-bed  that  is  often 
appropriated  to  the  raising  of  rather  tender  annuals ; 
from  thence  they  may  be  transplanted  into  the  open 
ground  ; but  this  must  be  done  before  they  get  too 
large,  or  they  will  not  be  likely  to  do  so  well ; when 
transplanted,  they  must  be  attended  daily  with  water, 
should  the  weather  prove  dry  and  warm. 

This  plant,  like  many  others,  seldom  produces  seeds 
in  any  abundance  ; this  is  owing  to  the  pollen  not 
coming  in  contact  with  the  stigmas ; but  is  easily  re- 
medied by  touching  the  stigmas  of  one  flower  with  the 
pollen  of  another,  by  putting  the  two  flowers  together, 
and  tapping  the  heads  with  the  finger ; this  must  be 
done  when  the  sun  is  on  them,  as  the  pollen  is  then 
perfect. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
last  Summer. 


1.  Receptacle  cut  in  two,  to  show  the  chaff.  2.  Floret  of  the  disk  spread 
open.  3.  Stamens  spread  open,  showing  the  united  anthers,  and  distinct  fila- 
ments. 4.  Seed  crowned  with  a feathered  pappus,  and  withered  floret. 


. 

' 


1 ' • - 

' 


■ 


(5  ,£fiecJ.toTV,C&rti£A.,  -2)aA 


Hy  d%,cJov-<ie.£.  GAn.Lt  e.a.  <zjyLci?*fiA -.  /,  /a  24 . 


52 


SCUTELLARIA  Columnae. 


Columncis  Skull-cap . 


Natural  Order.  Labiate.  Brown  prodr.  499. 
SCUTELLARIA.  Supra  fol.  45. 


S.  Columns,  foliis  oblongis  cordatis  serratis  pubescentibus, 
spicis  elongatis  secundis,  bracteis  petiolatis  ovatis  calyce 
brevioribus.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  175. 

Scutellaria  Columnae.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  136.  Hort.  sub.  lond. 
p.  135.  All.  pedem.  n.  145.  t.  84.  f.  2.  Column . ecphr.  1. 
p.  187.  t.  189. 


Perennial.  Stems  ascending,  about  18  inches  high, 
4-sided,  branching  in  all  directions ; branches  bluntly 
quadrangular,  clothed  with  a short  dense  pubescence. 
Leaves  opposite,  oblongly  cordate,  bluntly  serrate, 
terminating  in  a bluntish  point,  rugose,  pubescent  on 
both  sides.  Petioles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  chan- 
nelled on  the  upper  side,  and  convex  on  the  lower, 
pubescent.  Flower  spikes  long,  the  flowers  in  pairs, 
purple,  and  leaning  to  one  side.  JBractes  on  a very 
short  footstalk,  ovate,  concave,  pointed  and  ciliate, 
about  the  length  of  the  calyx.  Pedicles  shorter  than 
the  bractes,  villous.  Calyx  2-lipped,  entire,  villous, 
enclosing  the  seeds,  the  upper  lip  forming  a kind  of 
cap.  Corolla  tubular,  ringent,  villous,  helmet  3-lobed, 
upper  lobe  round,  emarginate,  side  ones  small,  acute ; 
lower  lip  emarginate,  its  sides  a little  reflected.  Sta- 
mens 4,  inserted  in  the  tube,  2 longer  than  the  others ; 
filaments  declining,  very  hairy;  anthers  incumbent, 
fringed.  Style  smooth,  shorter  than  the  stamens. 


Stigma  a small  simple  point.  Seeds  4,  naked,  smooth 
and  shining,  enclosed  in  the  calyx. 

Our  drawing  of  this  beautiful  species  of  Scutellaria 
was  taken  at  the  Garden  belonging  to  the  Apothecaries’ 
Company,  at  Chelsea,  last  Summer,  where  it  grew  to 
the  height  of  about  18  inches,  and  continued  to  flower 
all  the  latter  part  of  Summer.  It  is  a very  handsome 
plant,  and  its  long  spikes  of  purple  flowers  all  leaning 
to  one  side,  make  an  elegant  appearance ; like  most 
of  the  other  species  of  the  genus,  the  stem  is  suflru- 
tescent  at  the  base,  and  from  thence  branches  in 
various  directions. 

It  succeeds  well  in  the  open  ground,  and  prefers  a 
rich  light  soil ; it  may  be  increased  by  dividing  it  at 
the  root,  or  young  cuttings  planted  underhand-glasses, 
in  the  open  ground,  will  soon  strike  root,  managing 
them,  as  was  before  directed  in  a former  Number, 
under  S.  orientalis ; it  may  also  be  increased  by  seeds, 
which  sometimes  ripen  plentifully. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  The  same  highly  magnified,  with  the  upper  part  turned  back, 
to  show  the  4 naked  seeds.  3.  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of 
the  stamens.  4.  Stamen  detached.  5.  The  4 naked  Seeds.  6.  Style. 


S3. 


53 


YUCCA  glaucescens. 

Glaucescent  Adams  Needle. 


Natural  Order.  Tulipacea:.  Kunth  Synops.  1.  p.  292. 

YUCCA . Perianthium  campanulatum,  laciniis  rectis  non 
nectariferis.  Stamina  filamentis  superne  crassioribus  ; antheris 
minimis.  Stylus  0 ; stigma  sessile.  Capsula  oblonga,  obtuse 
3-gona ; semina  plana.  Caulis  subnullus  aut  caudice  assurgente 
fruticosus;  folia  confer tia  terminalia , ensiformia  apice  spinoso  ; 
fores  spicati  aut  paniculati,  terminates , bispathacei.  Juss. 
gen.  49. 


Y.  glaucescens , foliis  lineari-lanceolatis  integerrimis  concavis 
giaucescentibusstrictis;  margine  rarissime  filamentosis,  petalis 
interioribus  sesquilatioribus,  caule  erecto  ramoso. 

Yucca  glaucescens.  Haworth  supp . plant,  succ.  p.  35. 


A stemless  species.  Leaves  several,  spreading  all 
round,  middle  ones  upright,  from  12  to  18  inches  long, 
and  1 broad;  linearly-lanceolate,  straight,  rigid,  taper- 
ing at  both  ends,  concave,  particularly  towards  the 
point,  which  terminates  in  a sharp  horny  spine,  of  a 
dull  glaucous  colour;  margin  entire,  with  here  and 
there  a slender  white  filiferous  thread,  from  3 lines  to 

2 inches  in  length,  a little  twisted.  Flower-stem  from 

3 to  4 feet  in  height,  much  branched  towards  the 
point ; branches  short,  thickly  clothed  with  flowers, 
angular,  channelled,  densely  covered  with  a short 
white  down.  Flowers  generally  in  pairs,  the  terminal 
ones  solitary,  of  a greenish  white,  tinged  with  yellow. 
Bractes  sphacelate,  membranaceous,  sheathing  at  the 
base,  ovately  lanceolate,  concave,  acute,  of  a grey 

p 


brown,  streaked  with  numerous  darker  lines.  Pedun- 
cles short,  cylindrical,  a little  bent  when  in  flower, 
downy.  Perianthium  divided  into  6 segments,  nearly 
to  the  base,  campanulately  spreading ; segments  thick 
and  succulent,  the  3 inner  ones  half  as  broad  again  as 
the  outer  ones.  Stamens  6,  inserted  in  the  base  of 
the  perianthium;  filaments  gradually  thickening  up- 
wards, a little  longer  than  the  germen  ; anthers  small 
in  proportion,  sagittate,  attached  at  the  base,  blunt- 
pointed.  Germen  superior,  bluntly  3-sided.  Style 
none.  Stigmas  3,  sessile,  channelled  inwards,  with 
retuse  points. 

This  plant  is  a native  of  North  America,  and  was 
introduced  by  the  late  Mr.  John  Lyons,  from  whom 
Mr.  Colvill  purchased  the  plants  from  which  our 
drawing  was  taken.  Mr.  T.  Nuttall,  in  his  Genera 
of  North  American  Plants , mentions  a species  of 
this  genus,  discovered  by  Mr.  Lyons,  nearly  allied  to 
Y . filament osa,  but  much  narrower  leaved,  and  known 
by  the  name  of  Y.  angustifolia  by  the  gardeners  around 
London,  this  is  probably  the  species  meant.  It  is  a fine 
stately  perennial  plant  when  in  flower;  in  rich  soil  attain- 
ing the  height  of  3 or  4 feet ; several  plants  flowered 
at  Mr.  ColvilPs  Nursery,  last  Summer,  and  continued 
in  bloom  from  the  beginning  of  August  till  the  middle 
of  October.  It  is  quite  hardy,  will  succeed  well  in 
any  common  garden  soil,  and  may  be  increased 
abundantly  by  the  suckers  from  the  roots. 


1.  Stamen,  showing  its  large  thickened  filament,  and  small  anther.  2.  Ger- 
men, terminated  by  its  3 sessile  retuse  stigmas. 


■ 

. 

■ 


<A/ 


54 


MALCOMIA  littorea. 

Tomentose  Malcomia. 


Natural  Order.  Crucifers.  DC.  reg . veg.  syst.  nat. 
v.  2.  p.  139. 

MALCOMIA.  Supra  fol.  40. 


M.  littorea,  caule  multiplici  erecto,  foliis  lanceolato-linearibus 
subintegris,  tomento  brevicanis,  pedicellis  calycis  longitudine, 
siliquis  incanis.  DC.  loc.  cit.  p.  443. 

Malcomia  littorea.  Hort . Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  4.  p.  121.  HorL 
sub.  lond.  147. 

Malcolmia  littorea.  Link  enum.  2.  p.  167. 

Cheiranthus  littoreus.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  521. 

Hesperis  littorea.  Lam . diet.  3.  p.  322. 


Biennial.  Stems  several  from  the  same  root,  simple, 
or  sometimes  branched,  from  6 inches  to  a foot  in 
height,  upright,  or  slightly  spreading,  cylindrical, 
thickly  clothed  with  a short  white  close-pressed  to- 
mentum,  as  are  the  leaves,  peduncles,  and  calyx. 
Leaves  lanceolately  linear,  blunt,  attenuated  to  the 
base,  entire,  or  distantly  toothed.  Racemes  several- 
flowered,  terminal,  erect,  without  bractes.  Pedicles 
slender,  about  the  length  of  the  calyx.  Calyx  of 
4 sepals,  connivent,  2-gibbous  at  the  base ; sepals 
linear,  concave,  bluntish,  every  other  one  largest. 
Petals  4,  unguiculate,  the  unguis  a little  longer  than 
the  calyx ; lamina  obovate,  or  obcordate,  emarginate, 
of  a bright  lilac,  lighter  at  the  base.  Stamens  6, 
inserted  in  the  receptacle,  4 long,  and  2 short ; fila- 
ments smooth,  attached  to  the  anthers  a little  above 

p 2 


their  base;  anthers  oblique,  2-celled,  opening  by  the 
sides.  Pod  cylindrical,  tomentose,  terminated  by  an 
acute  stigma. 

This  pretty  plant  is  a hardy  biennial,  or  by  sowing 
the  seeds  early  in  Spring  it  might  be  treated  as  an 
annual ; the  best  method  is  to  sow  the  seeds  in 
Autumn,  the  plants  will  then  get  strong,  and  flower 
early  in  Summer,  and  ripen  plenty  of  seeds ; when 
sown  in  Spring,  they  will  not  flower  till  the  Autumn ; 
and  if  the  Summer  should  prove  cold  or  wet,  they  will 
scarcely  ripen  their  seeds  at  all. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  some  plants  at  the 
Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  where  they  were  raised  from 
seeds  sown  in  the  month  of  March ; these  began 
flowering  in  September,  and  continued  in  full  bloom 
till  the  end  of  November,  but  the  weather  being 
generally  wet  at  that  season,  they  ripened  no  seeds. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Petal,  showing  its  long  slender  unguis.  3.  Stamens,  4 lo-ng, 
and  2 short,  with  the  siliqua  growing  up  through  the  middle  of  them.  4.  Sta- 
men detached,  magnified.  5.  Siliqua,  terminated  with  its  acute  stigma. 


' 


5c? 


1 


55 


VERONICA  neglecta. 

Canescent  Speedwell . 


Natural  Order.  Scrophularina:.  Brown  prodr.  433. 
Sect.  1.  Stamina  duo  antherifera.  Capsula  bilocularis. 
VERONICA.  Supra  fol.  23. 


V.  neglecta , spicis  terminalibus  cano-pubescentibus,  foliis  ser- 
ratis  cauleque  canescenti-tomentosis ; radicalibus  petiolatis 
oblongis  obtusis;  caulinis  oppositis  alternisve  lanceolatis 
utrinque  attenuatis  basi  integerrimis. 

Veronica  neglecta.  Valil.  Willd. ' enum . v.  1.  p.  15.  Rcem. 
et  Schult.  syst . 1 . p.  92.  Sweet  hort . srcfo  force/,  p.  4. 

Veronica  canescens.  Schrad.  ver.  19.  Link  enum.  1.  p.  21. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  prostrate  at  the  base,  then 
ascending,  afterwards  erect,  thickly  clothed  with  a 
white  tomentum.  Leaves  canescent,  serrate,  but 
entire  at  the  base  ; lower  ones  with  long  foot-stalks, 
oblong,  bluntish;  stem  leaves  opposite,  lanceolate, 
pointed  at  both  ends,  upper  ones  alternate,  those 
next  the  flowers  nearly  entire.  Spikes  several, 
terminal,  the  middle  one  much  the  longest,  often  a foot 
in  length,  hoary.  Bractes  subulate,  lower  ones  a little 
longer  than  the  flowers,  upper  ones  about  the  length  of 
the  calyx,  canescent,  as  are  the  pedicles  and  calyx. 
Pedicles  very  short.  Calyx  4-parted,  2 lower  segments 
deeply  divided,  subulately  linear,  nearly  twice  the 
length  of  the  upper  ones,  which  are  ovate  and  blunt. 
Corolla  subrotate ; tube  shorter  than  the  calyx ; limb 
4-parted,  unequal,  spreading,  of  a bright  blue  colour ; 
segments  entire,  some  lanceolate,  acute,  others  ovate, 
and  blunt.  Stamens  2.  Filaments  longer  than  the 


petals.  Anthers  incumbent,  2-celled,  bursting  in  front 
to  discharge  the  pollen.  German  woolly.  Style 
smooth  and  shining,  purple,  about  the  length  of  the 
stamens.  Stigma  a simple  blunt  point,  darker  than 
the  style. 

Our  drawing  of  this  perennial  plant,  was  taken  at 
the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  where  it  continues  in  bloom 
the  greater  part  of  the  Summer,  and  is  quite  hardy, 
requiring  only  to  be  planted  in  the  open  flower  bor- 
ders. In  a rich  soil,  it  often  attains  to  the  height  of 
18  inches ; in  poorer  soil,  or  in  pots,  it  scarcely  ex- 
ceeds afoot;  it  is  a very  proper  plant  for  the  adorning 
of  rock-work,  and  will  also  thrive  in  a shady  situation. 
It  is  nearly  related  to  V.  incana , with  which  it  has 
been  often  confounded,  when  in  a weak  state,  but  the 
leaves  of  that  are  generally  entire;  when  growing 
strong,  it  is  sometimes  confounded  with  V.  australis , 
but  the  leaves  of  that  are  thicker,  and  much  deeper 
notched.  It  is  readily  increased  by  dividing  it  at  the 
root;  or  it  may  be  raised  from  seeds,  which  ripen  in 
abundance. 


1.  Calyx,  showing  its  unequal  laciniee.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  the 
unequal  segments.  3.  The  2 stamens  inserted  in  the  base  of  the  corolla. 
4.  Germen  terminated  by  the  Style  and  small  Stigma. 


1 

* 


/ aw. 


56 


GALINSOGEA  trilobata. 


Three-lobed  Galinsogea . 


Natural  Order.  Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2. 103. 

Sect.  V.  HeliANTHEjE.  Kunth  Synops.  tom.  2.  p . 463. 

GALINSOGEA.  Involucrum  semigiobosum,  oligophyllum, 
laxe  imbricatum.  Receptaculum  planum,  paleaceum.  Flosculi 
disci  tubulosi,  hermaphroditi ; radii  bilabiati,  feminei;  labio 
exteriore  maximo,  subtrilobo  aut  integro ; interiore  abbreviato, 
bipartito.  Akenia  coronata  squamulis  ciliato-fimbriatis  aut 
plumulis  crebris  persistentibus. 

Herbae  ramis  foliisque  oppositis , laciniatis ; floribus  termina- 
libus,  longe  pedunculatis ; radio  aurantiaco . Kunth  Synops.  2. 
p.  491. 


G.  trilobata , foliis  oblongo-lanceolatis  dentatis  triplinerviis ; 
inferioribus  hastato-trilobis.  Willden . sp.  pi.  3.  p.  2228. 
Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  5.  p.  122.  Bot.  mag.  1895. 

Galinsoga  trilobata.  Cavanill . ic.  3.  p.  42.  t.  282.  Pers.  syn.  2. 
p.  472. 


Annual.  Stems  much  branched,  ascending,  spread- 
ing round  in  every  direction,  from  1 to  2 feet  in  height ; 
branches  cylindrical,  furrowed  with  numerous  channels, 
and  clothed  with  long  spreading  hairs.  Leaves  oppo- 
site, attenuated  at  the  base,  more  or  less  toothed, 
triplinerved, slightly  hairy;  lower  ones  oblong, hastately 
3-lobed,  and  terminating  in  a bluntish  point;  upper 
ones  narrower,  lanceolate,  sharper  toothed,  and  more 
pointed.  Peduncles  terminal,  generally  in  pairs,  the 
branch  still  lengthening  out  into  other  pairs,  very 
hairy,  hairs  terminated  with  purple  glands.  Involucre 
imbricate,  smooth  and  glossy  ; scales  obovate,  obtuse, 


points  curved  inwards,  membranaceous.  Receptacle 
paleaceous.  Chaff  lanceolate,  keeled,  taper-pointed. 
Rays  from  8 to  10,  fertile,  obcordate,  3-lobed,  of  a 
bright  yellow,  with  an  orange-coloured  mark  at  the 
base ; lobes  blunt  and  rounded.  Florets  of  the  disk 
tubular,  hairy  at  the  base,  furnished  both  with  stamens 
and  pistils,  opening  into  5 blunt  reflexed  teeth. 
Stamens  5;  filaments  distinct,  smooth;  anthers  con- 
nected. Style  smooth.  Stigma  bifid.  Seeds  black, 
clothed  with  close  pressed  white  hairs,  obconical,  or 
with  the  largest  part  uppermost,  terminated  with  a 
pappus  of  numerous  small  serrated  chaff. 

Avery  pretty  hardy  annual,  native  of  South  America, 
and  only  requires  to  be  sown  in  the  open  ground,  and 
to  be  kept  free  from  weeds;  the  best  time  for  sowing 
the  seeds,  is  the  latter  end  of  March,  or  beginning  of 
April ; if  sown  earlier,  they  are  liable  to  be  injured  by 
the  Spring  frost.  As  the  plants  spread  considerably, 
they  should  not  be  allowed  to  remain  too  close  together; 
if  they  are  from  9 inches  to  a foot  apart,  they  will 
make  a better  appearance  than  if  they  were  nearer  to 
each  other,  flowering  from  August  to  October,  and 
ripening  abundance  of  seeds. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr. 
Colvill,  in  September  last. 


1.  Involucre  cut  through  the  middle,  to  show  the  chaffy  receptacle.  2.  Scale 
of  the  involucre.  3.  Scale  of  the  chaff,  showing  its  keel  and  attenuated  point. 
4.  Floret  spread  open,  showing  its  nerves.  5.  Stamens,  showing  the  united 
anthers  and  distinct  filaments.  6.  Seed,  terminated  with  its  style  and  bifid 
stigma.  7.  Ripe  Seed,  terminated  with  a pappus  of  small  serrated  chaff. 


r 


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57 


SYMPLOCARPUS  fcetidus. 


Foetid  Symplocarpus , or  Scunkweed. 


Natural  Order . Aroide^e.  Brown  Prodr.  333. 

Sect.  II.  Flores  hermapkroditi ; Perianthio  instructs 
Orontiaceje. 

SYMPLOCARPUS.  Spatha  ventricoso-ovata,  cucullata, 
acuminata,  basi  convoluta.  Spadix  subglobosus  ; floribus  undi- 
que  tectus.  Perianthium  4-partitum.  Stamina  4.  Baccce 
coadunatae,  monospermae.  Semina  magna,  exalbuminosa. 


S.  foetidus.  Salisbury  in  Hort.  trans . Nuttall  gen . amer. 
v.  1.  p.  106. 

Draconlium  foetidum.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  2.  p.  288. 

Potbos  foetid  a.  Botan.  magaz.  836.  Hort.  Kew . ed.  2.  v.l. 
p.  270. 


Root  verticillately  fibrous,  truncate.  Leaves  large, 
smooth,  pale  green,  often  tinged  with  purple  or  brown, 
ovate-cordate,  strongly  veined,  entire,  preceded  by 
conspicuous  sheathing  stipules,  and  protected  by 
large  glaucous,  spathulate-linguiform,  veinless  bractes. 
Scapes  radical,  appearing  before  the  leaves.  Spatha 
discoloured,  ovoid,  roundish,  cucullate,  obliquely  acu- 
minate, point  coarctate,  plaited,  involutely  auriculate 
at  the  base,  thick  and  spongy,  livid  purple,  blotched 
and  spotted  with  pale  green,  or  greenish  yellow 
blotched  with  purple.  Spadix  pedunculate,  simple, 
almost  sphaerical,  covered  with  hermaphrodite  flowers. 
Rractes  none.  Flowers  tessellately  imbricate,  adnate. 
Perianthium  4-parted,  persistent,  divided  to  the  base; 
segments  cucullate,  truncate,  compressed  at  the  apex, 
emarginate,  at  length  becoming  very  thick  and  spongy. 
Stamens  4,  opposite  the  divisions  of  the  perianthium ; 
filaments  subulate,  flat ; anthers  exserted,  short, 
oblong-oval,  2-celled.  Style  thick,  pyramidal,  qua- 
drangular, acuminate ; stigma  simple,  minute,  pubes- 
cent, shorter  than  the  stamens.  Germen  immersed 
in  the  spongy  receptacle,  1 -seeded.  Seed  naked,  large, 
round,  inclosed  in  the  common  receptacle.  Corculum 

Q 


small,  involute,  erect,  umbilicately  attached  to  a large 
solid,  carneous  perisperm.  Chiefly  copied  from  Nut  tall. 

“ Obs.  The  seed  of  the  Symplocarpus  does  not 
appear  to  possess  any  thing  like  a proper  cotyledon, 
the  embryo  formed  in  the  exact  posture  of  the  growing 
plant,  (with  the  radical  downwards,)  differs  not  from 
it  in  any  particular,  but  that  of  size.  In  place  of  a 
cotyledon  there  is  a sheathing  stipule  similar  to  that 
which  is  ever  after  produced  ; in  fact,  it  is  viviparous. 
The  embryon  is  seated  in  a small  umbilical  or  hemis- 
pherical depression,  in  the  upper  end  of  what  may  be 
called  a vitellus  rather  than  a perisperm,  judging  from 
its  functions ; this  callus,  or  seminal  tubercle,  is 
roundish,  and  turbinate,  nearly  as  large  as  a filbert 
nut,  very  solid,  and  carneous,  possessing  in  a high 
degree  the  alliaceous  fcetor  of  the  grown  plant ; the 
mutual  point  of  attachment  subsisting  betwixt  this 
body  and  the  embryon,  is  at  first  a minute  and  nearly 
central  funiculus,  which  enlarges  and  becomes  more 
distinct  during  the  progress  of  germination ; but  what 
appears  to  be  most  singular  in  it,  is  the  length  of  time 
which  it  continues  attached  to  the  growing  plant, 
apparently  inert  at  the  base  of  the  caudex  for  12,  or 
even  18  months.”  Nuttall  loc.  cit. 

Several  plants  of  this  curious  species  have  been 
lately  received  from  North  America,  by  Mr.  Colvill, 
and  the  greater  part  were  in  full  flower  when  they 
arrived  ; from  one  of  those  our  drawing  was  taken  in 
March  last.  The  mould  in  which  they  grew  was  a 
very  black  soft  peat,  the  kind  of  soil  in  which  they 
should  be  planted  in  this  country,  and  in  a moist 
situation,  as  Mr.  Nuttall  says,  they  are  subaquatics  ; 
being  so  curious  a plant,  it  is  well  worth  cultivation  in 
any  collection,  as  the  flowers  are  very  curious,  and  its 
fine  large  light  green  leaves  make  a fine  appearance 
after  flowering;  it  is  quite  hardy,  and  may  be  in- 
creased by  dividing  at  the  root. 

1.  Spadix  in  full  flower.  2.  Perianthium  spread  open.  3.  The  Stamens 
connected  at  the  base,  inclosing  the  Style.  4.  The  same  laid  open.  5.  Style, 
terminated  by  its  small  bearded  Stigma. 


Wl 


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JuJr  ly  3b  -ftTuJt+ta,  7.  782-1+ 


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58 


SILENE  vespertina. 

Evening  Catchfly. 


Natural  Order . Caryophylle^e.  DC.  prodr.  syst. 
nat . 1.  p.  351. 

Tribus  I.  SiLENEje.  Sepala  coalita  in  tubum  cylindraceum 
apice  4-5-dentatum. 

SILENE.  Calyx  tubulosus  5-dentatus  nudus.  Petala 
5 unguiculata,  fauce  saepissimae  coronata,  limbo  bifido.  Sta- 
mina 10.  Styli  3.  Capsulce  basi  3-loculares  apice  in  6 dentes 
dehiscentes,  DC.  prodr.  1.  p.  367. 

Sect.  V.  Stachymorpha.  Caulescent es.  Flores  spicati 
axiliares^  non  oppositi.  Calyx  10-striatus. 

§.  2.  Calycibus  clavatis. 


S.  vespertina , pubescens,  caulibus  ramosis,  foliis  spathulatis 
obtusis,  spicis  geminis  secundis,  calycibus  vesiculato-clavatis, 
petalis  bipartitis,  lobis  ovatis.  DC.  loc.  cit.  374. 

Silene  vespertina.  Retz.  obs.  3.  p.  31.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  2. 

p.  699.  Botan . magaz.  677. 

Silene  bipartita.  Desf.  atl.  1.  p.  352.  t.  100. 

Silene  distachya.  Brot.fl.  lusit.  2.  p.  189. 


Annual.  Stems  erect,  from  afoot  to  18  inches  in 
height,  much  branched  from  the  base,  pubescent. 
Leaves  on  the  lower  part  of  the  stem  obovate,  upper 
ones  spatulate,  obtuse ; all  fringed  at  the  base.  Spikes 
in  pairs,  terminal,  secund,  or  the  flowers  leaning  to 
one  side;  intermediate  flower  pedunculate.  Calyx 
clavate,  vesiculosely  pubescent,  erect.  Petals  2-parted, 
coronate,  rose-coloured  ; lobes  ovate ; crown  connate. 
Stamens  10,  every  other  one  shortest,  and  joined  to 
the  base  of  the  petals ; the  other  5 longer,  and  inserted 
in  the  receptacle.  Styles  3,  spreading. 

q 2 


This  pretty  annual  is  quite  hardy,  and  only  requires 
to  be  sown  in  the  open  flower  borders,  and  to  be  kept 
free  from  weeds.  The  seeds  of  our  plants  were 
received  from  Germany,  under  the  name  of  S.  bifida ; 
it  is  without  doubt  the  S.  vespertina  of  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  and  also  the  S.  bipartita  of  Desfontaines,  if 
we  may  judge  from  the  figures,  though,  in  many  Bota- 
nical works,  they  are  enumerated  as  different  species. 
But  Decandolle,  in  his  Prodromus,  considers  them 
both  to  belong  to  the  same,  and  we  have  thought  it 
safest  to  follow  his  opinion.  The  best  time  for  sowing 
the  seeds  is  the  latter  end  of  March,  or  beginning  of 
April;  and  should  the  plants  come  up  too  close  toge- 
ther, they  should  be  thinned  out,  leaving  them  from 
4 to  6 inches  apart,  they  will  then  grow  stronger,  and 
flower  in  greater  perfection.  The  flowers  appear  to 
the  greatest  advantage  of  an  evening,  or  early  in  the 
morning;  for  when  the  sun  shines  warm  on  them,  the 
petals  curl  up,  and  do  not  open  again  till  the  evening. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
last  Summer. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Petal  detached,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  Stamen.  3.  Co- 
rolla spread  open,  showing  the  5 Petals  with  their  crowned  Faux,  and  the 
insertion  of  the  5 shortest  Stamens.  4.  The  other  5 longer  Stamens  inserted 
in  the  Receptacle.  5.  Germen  terminated  by  the  3 spreading  Styles. 


J) alien-  Jrrullv  lei 


J>ul  Ly  Jl-  Jri^cct  Ihelanz  stta-y  / I8Q.I+. 


jl  .^xilty  *%<-ulji. 


59 


SAXIFRAGA  ligulata. 

Fringed-leaved  Nepaul  Saxifrage . 


Natural  Order.  Saxifrages.  Juss.  gen.  308. 

SAXIFRAGA.  Calyx  5-fid  us.  Pet  ala  If,  integra.  Sta- 
mina 10.  Styli  2,  persistentes.  Capsula  2-locularis,  2-valvis 
e stylis  persistentibus  birostris ; intra  rostra  foramine  orbiculari 
aperiens,  polysperma.  Semina  minuta,  lsevia. 

Sect.  I.  Bergenia . Calyx  campanulatus,  5-fidus,  extus 
rugosus  ; segmentis  conniventibus.  Petala  unguiculata,  calyce 
inserta.  Stamina  fauce  calycis  inserta;  Jilamenta  subulata; 
antherce  subrotundse.  Styli  intus  cavi  seminibus  pleni ! basi 
coaliti,  demum  turgidi  et  in  capsulam  profunde  bipartitam 
transientes.  Stigmata  semiglobosa  glabra.  Semina  cylindracea. 
Herbae  perennes.  Radix  crassa , lignosa.  Folia  ampla  carnosa. 
Petioli  stipulis  integris  membranaceis  secus  bases  utrinque 
adnatis  instruct!  ! Scapi  crassi,  denudati.  Flores  thyrsoideo- 
paniculati.  D.  Don  in  Linn,  trans.  v.  13.  p.  343. 


S.  ligulata , foliis  orbiculato-cordatis  obovatisve  denticulatis 
ciliatis  punctatis  glabris,  stipulis  ciliatis,  scapo  dichotomo, 
petalis  late  orbiculatis. 

Saxifraga  ligulata.  Wallich  in  Act . Soc.  Asiat.  XIII.  p.  398. 
cum  fig.  Don  in  Linn,  trans.  13.  p.  348.  Hooker  Exot.  Flor . 
t.  49. 

Megasea  ? ciliata.  Haworth  sax.  enum  p.  7. 


Root  horizontal,  ligneous.  Leaves  large,  leathery, 
denticulate,  ciliate,  dotted  all  over  with  small  punc- 
tures, strongly  veined  underneath,  smooth,  of  a glossy 
green  on  the  upper  side,  and  of  a dull  pale  green  on 
the  lower;  lower  ones  roundly  obovate,  cordate  at 
the  base,  from  9 to  10  inches  long,  and  7 broad ; upper 
ones  nearly  round,  cordate,  4 inches  long,  and  about 
the  same  in  breadth.  Petiole  short  and  thick,  nearly 


round,  furnished  at  the  base  with  a large  decurrent, 
membranaceous,  fringed  Stipule , which  clasps  the 
stem.  Scapes  2 to  4,  erect,  slenderish,  smooth,  leaf- 
less, forked,  sometimes  divided  again ; racemes  from 
4 to  6-flowered,  at  first  nodding,  afterwards  becoming 
upright,  j Bracte  1,  below  the  fork,  membranaceous, 
dilated  at  the  base,  sheathing  the  scape,  acute.  Pedi- 
cles short,  roughish,  striate.  Calyx  campanulate ; 
laciniae  5,  short,  roundish,  obtuse,  dotted.  Petals 
5,  white,  inserted  in  the  calyx,  unguiculate;  lamina 
broadly  orbiculate.  Stamens  10,  inserted  in  the  calyx, 
every  other  one  longest ; filaments  smooth,  subulate, 
flesh-coloured ; anthers  roundish ; pollen  cream- 
coloured.  Capsule  superior,  terminating  gradually  into 
the  Styles . Stigmas  2,  large,  nearly  globular,  smooth, 
and  glossy. 

This  beautiful  species  of  Saxifrage,  is  a native  of 
Nepaul,  and  was  raised  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
in  the  Spring  of  1822,  from  seeds  sent  him,  by 
Mr.  George  Potter,  from  the  Botanic  Garden,  at  Cal- 
cutta ; 2 of  the  plants  flowered  this  Spring,  from  one  of 
which  our  drawing  was  taken.  It  belongs  to  the  same 
section  or  subgenus,  as  the  common  S.  crassifolia,  and 
S.  cordifolia,  which,  with  Mr.  Don,  we  agree  in  con- 
sidering as  distinct  species  : indeed,  we  never  had  any 
other  opinion  concerning  them. 

The  present  plant  will  be  a valuable  addition  to  our 
collections,  as  it  flowers  so  early  in  Spring ; and  we 
expect  it  will  prove  as  hardy  as  its  near  relatives  ; but, 
at  present,  we  would  advise  it  to  be  planted  in  a warm 
border,  and  to  be  covered  with  a mat,  or  a little  straw, 
or  fern,  in  severe  weather  in  Winter.  It  succeeds  well 
in  a rich  garden  soil,  and  may  be  increased,  but  slowly, 
from  the  suckers  at  the  roots. 

1.  Calyx  spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  Stamens.  2.  Petal. 
3.  Germens  terminated  with  2 capitate  Stigmas. 


2)altZm-  y-mitfv  eUl- 


JPuIr  ly  ^ jP-ns+At-  ^ktiota.  ^4tay  / /S^-L*. 


60 


CUPHEA  viscosissima. 

Viscous  Cuphea . 


Natural  Order . Salicaria:.  Juss.  gen.  330. 

CUPHEA.  Calyx  tubuloso-ventricosus,  6-12-dentatus, 
inaequalis.  Petala  6,  (plerumque)  inaequalia,  calyci  inserta. 
Stamina  10-12-insertione  inaequalia,  nempe  hinc  8 coordinata 
et  conformia,  inde  4 minora  gemina  ordine  disposita  quorum 
2 superiora  villosa  ; antherce  subrotundae.  Capsula  cum  calyce 
longitudinaliter  dehiscens,  1-locularis ; conceptaculo  triquetro. 
Semina  lentiformia. 


C.  viscosissima , floribus  axillaribus  solitariis,  foliis  ovato- 
lanceolatis  supra  scabris,  caule  erecto  hispido,  stylo  piloso. 
Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  vol.  3.  p.  150. 

Cuphea  viscosissima.  Willden . sp.  pi.  2.  p.  870.  enum . 498. 
Jacq . hort.  vindoh.  2.  p.  83.  t.  177.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  8. 
Barton  Flor . north  amer . v . 1.  t.  18. 


Annual , from  a foot  to  18  inches  in  height,  erect, 
branched,  of  a purplish  colour;  branches  rather  flex- 
uose,  thickly  clothed  with  short  stiff  purplish  hairs, 
covered  with  a viscous  substance,  as  are  the  petioles, 
peduncles,  and  calyx.  Leaves  ovate,  or  ovately  lan- 
ceolate, oblique  at  the  base,  entire,  bluntish,  hairy  on 
both  sides.  Petioles  slender,  shorter  than  the  leaves, 
flattened  on  the  upper  side,  and  rounded  on  the  lower. 
Flowers  small,  axillary,  solitary.  Peduncles  very 
short,  scarcely  any.  Calyx  tubular,  ventricose,  12-an- 
gled, and  terminated  with  6 very  short  blunt  teeth  ; 
angles  of  a darker  colour,  hispid,  the  channels  between 
them  smooth  and  naked.  Petals  6,  unequal,  the 
2 upper  ones  largest,  unguiculate,  inserted  in  the  calyx, 
of  a light  purple,  or  lilac.  Stamens  12,  unequally 


inserted  in  the  tube  of  the  calyx ; filaments  hairy,  the 
2 upper  ones  villous;  anthers  incumbent.  Style  I, 
hairy,  slender  towards  the  point,  and  terminated  with 
a small  capitate  stigma.  Capsule  bursting  longitudi- 
nally soon  after  the  flower  drops,  and  showing  its 
naked  seeds,  which  continue  to  encrease  in  size,  and 
remain  firmly  attached  till  ripe.  Seeds  several,  lenti- 
form,  facing  the  side  that  the  capsule  is  burst,  in  a 
kind  of  secund  spike. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
from  plants  raised  from  seeds  last  Spring ; they  began 
flowering  when  they  were  scarcely  4 inches  high,  and 
continued  to  bloom  the  whole  of  the  Summer,  and 
ripened  abundance  of  seeds  ; the  first  flowers  were 
very  small,  agreeing  exactly  in  size  with  those  in  the 
figure  of  Barton’s  Flora,  of  North  America;  but  as 
the  plants  increased  in  strength,  the  flowers  became 
larger,  at  length,  making  a handsome  appearance. 
The  bursting  of  the  capsules  is  a very  curious  circum- 
stance, and  if  the  plants  are  not  well  watched,  the 
seeds  will  drop  out  and  be  lost. 

The  present  plant  has  been  generally  considered  as 
a greenhouse  biennial,  but  ours  were  certainly  hardy 
annuals,  flowering  very  soon  after  being  out  of  the 
ground,  and  dying  as  soon  as  the  seeds  were  ripened. 
The  best  time  for  sowing  the  seeds,  is  the  beginning 
of  April,  if  the  weather  prove  mild ; they  should  be 
sown  in  a rich  soil,  in  a warm  border. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Calyx  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  Petals  and 
Stamens.  3.  One  of  the  upper  Stamens  detached,  to  show  the  villous  filament. 
4.  Capsules,  showing  the  hairy  Style  and  capitate  Stigma:  one  of  them  burst, 
showing  the  situation  of  the  seeds. 


fr  idk,  <U 


y'v/  Ly  Jb  fjuj&.a,  Jz^nj>y  / ItylL, 


jf.  Jb>ZJU6y  trCuJfV' 


61 


HESPERIS  fragrans. 

Evening-Scented  Rocket . 


Natural  Order.  Crucifers. 
p.  139. 


DC.  reg . veg.  syst.  nat.  v . 2. 


Subordo  II.  Notorhizeje.  Cotyledones  planes,  incum- 
bentes.  Radicula  dorsalis.  Semina  ovata,  immarginata. 
DC.  p.  150. 

Tribus  VII.  SlSYMBREJE  seu  NOTORHIZEJE  SiLIQUOSJE. 

HESPERIS . Calyx  clausus,  bisaccatus.  Petala  ungui- 
culata,  limbo  patente  obtuso  aut  emarginato.  Stamina  libera, 
tetradynama.  Glandules  virides,  subannulat®,  ad  basin  sta- 
minum  lateralium.  Siliqua  stricta  subtetragona  aut  compressa, 
stigmatibus  2 erectis  sessilibus  conniventibus  terminata.  Semina 
oblonga,  subtriquetra,  pendula,  1 serialia.  Cotyledones  plan® 
incumbentes.  Herb®  annues , biennes  perennesve ; radice  fibro- 
sa; caule  tereti  erecto  aut  diffuso.  Folia  ovato-lanceolata  aut 
oblonga , dentata  aut  lyrato-runcinata . Plant®  pleresque  pilis 
aliis  lymphaticis  simplicibus  ramosisve , aliis  pressertim  ad  apicem 
pilis  glandulosis  instructes  et  inde  quasi  bituminoses . Racemi 
terminates , ebracteati,  erecti.  Pedicelli  filiformes , post  anthesin 
non  incrassati.  Flores  albi  aut  pur  pur  ascent  es,  sespe  versico - 
lores,  interdum  odorati.  DC.  v.  2.  p.  446. 

Sect.  I.  HESPERIS.  Petalorum  limbi  lineares,  sordide  ex 
albido  flavo-purpurascentes,  vespere  odorati.  Siliqua  valvis 
carinatis  subanceps,  septo  fungoso. 


H.  fragrans,  pedicellis  villosis  calyce  villosissimo  duplo  brevio- 
ribus,  petalorum  laminis  oblongis  undulatis,  foliis  inferioribus 
petiolatis  runcinato-lanceolatis  obtusiusculis : superioribus 
subsessilibus  ovatis  acuminatis  basi  grosse  dentatis. 

Hes peris  fragrans.  Fischer  Mss. 


Biennial.  Stem  erect,  not  much  branched,  thickly 
clothed  with  soft  villous  down,  and  longer  hairs  inter- 
mixed. Leaves  runcinate,  villosely  hispid,  roughish ; 
lower  ones  petiolate,  lanceolate,  bluntish,  segments  or 

R 


teeth  pointed,  the  lowermost  longest;  upper  ones  nearly 
sessile,  or  on  very  short  footstalks,  ovate,  taper-pointed, 
sharply  toothed  at  the  base,  and  entire  from  about 
the  middle.  Racemes  elongated,  many-flowered, 
thickly  clothed  with  long  villous  hairs,  and  smaller 
ones  intermixed-  Bractes  none.  Pedicles  short, 
scarcely  half  the  length  of  the  calyx,  villous.  Calyx 
of  4 sepals,  closed,  2-gibbous  at  the  base,  bearded  at 
the  point ; sepals  linearly  lanceolate,  slightly  keeled, 
green,  tinged  with  purple,  villous.  Petals  4,  unguis 
about  the  length  of  the  sepals ; lamina  oblong,  undu- 
late, terminating  in  a very  short  bluntish  mucro,  a 
little  longer  than  the  unguis,  of  a dull  purple,  reticu- 
lately  veined.  Stamens  6,  4 long  and  2 short,  enclosed 
in  the  calyx ; filaments  obliquely  flattened  at  the  base, 
and  narrowing  upwards ; anthers  sagittate.  Siliqua 
villosely  hispid,  terminated  by  2 connivent  2-lobed 
Stigmas . 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a plant  communicated 
to  us  by  our  friend,  Mr.  W.  Anderson,  Curator  of  the 
Apothecaries’  Garden,  at  Chelsea,  where  it  was  raised 
from  seed  sent  him  by  Dr.  Fischer,  of  the  Royal 
Botanic  Garden,  St.  Petersburgh,  under  the  name 
that  we  have  adopted  ; we  do  not  find  it  recorded  in 
either  of  the  late  publications  of  M.  Decandolle,  and 
believe  it  has  not  been  before  published  ; it  is  a hardy 
biennial,  flowering  the  second  season  after  being  sown. 
It  may  either  be  sown  in  the  open  ground,  or  in  pots ; 
and  is  particularly  suited  for  the  latter,  as  it  can  then 
be  moved  into  or  near  a room,  as  its  agreeable  fra- 
grance is  delightful  of  an  evening,  though  it  is  quite 
destitute  of  scent  during  the  day.  It  thrives  well  in  a 
rich  garden  soil,  and  is  only  to  be  propagated  by  seeds ; 
the  young  plants  should  be  transplanted  as  soon  as 
possible,  or  they  will  be  likely  to  damp  off. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Petal.  3.  The  6 Stamens,  4 long,  and  2 short.  4.  The 
young  Siliqua  terminated  by  its  2 bilobed  Stigmas. 


* 


■ 


1 


fl-uJr  iy  / 7QQ-L,. 


lA  Jl adcy  sK^dfi, 


62 


HABENARIA  bracteata. 


Long~bracted  Habenaria . 


Natural  Order.  Orchidea:.  Brown  prodr.  309. 

Sect.  I.  MoNANDRiE.  Anthera  adnata  subterminalis  per- 
sisted. Pollinis  masses,  e lobulis  angulatis  elastice  cohaeren- 
tibus ; basi  affixae.  Brown  in  Hort . Kew . ed.  2.  v.  5.  p.  188. 

HA  BEN  ARIA.  Perianthium  ringens,  foliolis  3.  v.  5 in 
galea  conniventibus.  Labellum  basi  subtus  calcaratum  v.  sub- 
saccatum.  Anthera  terminalis,  loculis  adnatis,  basibus  quando- 
que  solutis  elongatis.  Massce  Pollinis  pedicellatae,  pedicellis 
singulis  basi  glandulae  respondenti  nudaei  insertis.  Brown 
prodr.  312. 


H.  bracteata , cornu  abbreviato  didymo,  labello  lineari  retuso- 
tridentato : lateralibus  obtusis ; medio  obsoleto,  bracteis  flore 
duplo  longioribus.  Brown  in  Hort . Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  5.  p.  192. 
Orchis  bracteata.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  4.  p.  34.  Pursh  Flor. 

Amer.  Sept.  2.  p.  587. 

Orchis  bractealis.  Salisb.  pardis.  110. 

SaUrium  bracteatum.  Pers.  syn . 2.  p.  507. 


Perennial.  Root  palmate.  Stem  about  a span 
high,  leafy,  furrowed,  angular.  Leaves  channelled, 
clasping  the  stem,  keeled  and  nerved  underneath, 
bluntish  ; lower  ones  oblong ; upper  ones  lanceolate, 
more  pointed.  Spikes  short,  in  our  specimen  9-flowered. 
Hractes  linearly  lanceolate,  channelled,  bluntish,  about 
double  the  length  of  the  flowers.  Flowers  green, 
scentless,  erect,  or  scarcely  nodding.  Germen  channel- 
led, twisted.  Perianthium  ringent ; three  outer  leaflets 
ovate,  obtuse,  the  middle  one  rather  the  shortest  and 
narrowest ; two  inner  ones  narrowly  lanceolate,  bluntish. 
Labellum  broadly  linear,  point  slightly  3-toothed,  the 
teeth  blunt,  and  the  middle  one  shortest.  Spur  or 

r 2 


•pouch  at  the  base  of  the  Labellum,  short  and  inflated, 
2-lobed,  of  a transparent  flesh-colour.  Anther  joined 
to  the  point  of  the  stigma ; lobes  diverging,  and  opening 
in  front  for  the  exclusion  of  the  Pollen  masses , which 
are  pedicled  and  attached  at  the  base. 

This  curious  plant  was  imported  from  North  Ame- 
rica last  Winter,  and  was  procured  for  Mr.  Colvill, 
with  several  other  Orchideous  plants  from  the  same 
country,  by  Mr.  George  Charlwood.  It  thrives  well 
with  us  at  present  in  a pot  of  red  sandy  loam,  and  we 
are  in  hopes  that  it  will  ripen  its  seeds.  The  seeds  of 
the  different  species  of  Orchidese  have  been  generally 
supposed  to  be  very  difficult  to  make  grow,  but  we 
have  succeeded  well  in  raising  some  of  them,  and  have 
no  doubt  but  the  whole  might  be  raised  in  the  same 
way ; we  have  now  a pot  of  seedlings  of  Cymbidium 
ensifolium  thriving  very  well,  and  we  managed  them 
in  the  following  manner : in  October  last;  we  filled  a 
pot  with  peat  earth,  within  half  an  inch  of  the  brim, 
we  then  planted  it  all  over  with  small  turfs  of  very 
short  moss,  on  the  moss  we  scattered  our  seeds,  and 
washed  them  in  between  the  blades  with  watering 
them ; we  then  placed  them  in  the  hothouse,  and 
managed  them  in  the  same  manner  as  any  other  com- 
mon seeds,  watering  them  occasionally  when  dry ; the 
moss  continued  to  grow,  and  the  latter  end  of  April 
the  young  plants  began  to  make  their  appearance,  and 
others  still  continue  to  show  themselves.  If  sown  in 
any  other  way,  we  think  them  not  so  likely  to  succeed, 
the  seed  being  so  very  small,  that  they  will  soon  lose 
their  vegetating  quality. 

1.  Germen.  2.  The  5 leaflets  of  the  Perianthium.  3.  Labellum,  showing 
its  3 short  blunt  teeth.  4.  Spur  or  Pouch.  5.  Anther,  showing  its  diverging 
lobes,  each  burst,  showing  the  pedicled  Pollen  masses  attached  to  the  base,  and 
freed  from  the  Anther,  all  magnified. 


/ 14  4 . * 


1 • . 


. 


- 


V. 


63 


SCHIZANTHUS  pinnatus. 

Winged-leaved  Schizanthus. 


Natural  Order.  ScrophulariNjE.  Brown  prodr.  433. 
Sect.  I.  Stamina  duo  antherifera.  Capsula  bilocularis. 
SCHIZANTHUS.  Corolla  irregularis:  labio  superiore 
quinquefido;  inferiore  tripartito.  Stamina  2 antherifera; 
2sterilia;  filamentis  villosis.  Capsula  bilocularis. 


S.  pinnatus , foliis  interrupte  pinnatis : inferioribus  bipinnatis, 
floribus  paniculatis  : racemis  secundis. 

Schizanthus  pinnatus.  Flor.  peruv.  1.  p.  13  t.  17.  Pers. 
syn.  2.  p.  161.  Botan . regist.  725.  Botan.  magaz.  2404. 
Hooker  exot.  flor.  73. 


Annual.  Stem  from  2 to  3 feet  high,  erect,  much 
branched ; branches  slender,  thickly  clothed  with  soft 
villous  glandular  hairs,  and  terminated  with  a panicle 
of  flowers.  Leaves  interruptedly  pinnate,  more  or  less 
hairy;  lower  ones  bipinnate  with  smaller  leaflets 
intermixed ; leaflets  oblong,  very  blunt,  more  or  less 
toothed  with  blunt  rounded  teeth  ; upper  leaves  pinna- 
tifid,  those  near  the  flowers  entire,  oblong,  obtuse, 
more  sharply  toothed,  very  hairy.  Flowers  in  panicles, 
or  compound  secund  racemes,  terminating  the  stem, 
varying  in  colour  on  different  plants.  Bractes  2,  at 
the  base  of  the  pedicle,  one  double  the  size  of  the 
other,  oblong,  obtuse,  very  hairy.  Pedicles  slender, 
nodding.  Calyx  5-parted,  segments  unequal,  oblong, 
obtuse,  fringed.  Corolla  irregular;  upper  lip  5-cleft, 
side  laciniae  forked,  those  again  notched,  the  upper 
one  entire,  or  slightly  emarginate ; lower  lip  3-parted, 
outer  laciniae  falcate,  bending  towards  each  other, 
their  points  truncate,  middle  one  concave,  connivent, 
enclosing  the  stamens,  which  are  elastic,  and  spring 


towards  the  stigma  as  soon  as  touched.  Stamens  4, 
inserted  in  the  mouth,  2 barren,  and  2 bearing  anthers; 
sterile  filaments  short,  very  villous ; fertile  ones  longer, 
slightly  hairy,  and  elastic,  springing  upwards  as  soon 
as  touched ; anthers  attached  to  the  filament,  a little 
above  their  base,  2-celled,  discharging  their  pollen  by 
the  spring  of  the  filament.  Pollen  ash-coloured. 
Germen  smooth.  Style  smooth,  purple.  Stigma  a 
simple  point. 

This  very  beautiful  annual  plant  is  a great  acqui- 
sition to  our  gardens,  where  it  has  been  lately  intro* 
duced.  Seeds  of  it  were  first  brought  to  this  country 
by  Lady  Cochrane,  and  they  have  now  found  their 
way  into  many  collections ; the  plant  from  which  our 
drawing  was  made,  was  presented  to  Mr.  Colvill,  by 
the  late  J.  Walker,  Esq.  of  Arno’s  Grove,  Southgate, 
who  raised  it  from  seed ; we  find  it  succeeds  well  in 
the  open  air,  where  it  makes  a grand  appearance,  and 
continues  in  full  bloom  for  a considerable  time ; our 
plants  grew  to  the  height  of  3 feet,  branching  out  in  an 
elegant  manner,  and  ripened  their  seeds.  Cuttings  of 
them  were  taken  off  in  September,  and  planted  under 
hand-glasses  in  the  open  ground,  where  they  soon 
rooted ; we  then  planted  them  in  small  pots,  and  pre- 
served them  in  the  greenhouse  through  the  Winter ; 
in  March  they  began  to  flower,  and  are  now  covered 
with  flowers  and  seeds. 

Seeds  sown  in  pots  early  in  Spring,  and  placed  in  a 
greenhouse,  or  frame,  will  flower  much  earlier  than 
those  sown  in  the  open  ground  ; a rich  light  soil  suits 
them  best,  and  a sheltered  situation,  as  their  tender 
shoots  are  apt  to  be  broken  by  rough  winds  if  they 
are  too  much  exposed. 

1.  Calyx.  2.  The  lower  lip  of  the  Corolla  divided  from  the  upper,  to  show 
the  insertion  of  the  2 fertile  Stamens.  3.  The  upper  lip,  showing  the  2 barren 
Stamens.  4.  Fertile  Stamen  detached.  5.  Barren  ditto.  6.  Capsule  nearly 
ripe.  7.  Style  and  Stigma. 


■ 


: 


> 


. 


■ 


1 182.1+ 


64 


RENEALMIA  grandiflora. 

Largest-flowered  Renealmia. 

Natural  Order . Iridea:.  Brown  prodr . 302. 
RENEALMIA . Perianthium  6-partitum,  regulare  ; foliolis 
interioribus  majoribus,  basi  angustatis.  Filamenta  infra  connata 
v.  distincta,  supra  patentia.  Stigmata  3,  involuta-filiformia, 
acuta.  Capsula  obovato-clavata.  Semina  angulata.  Inflores- 
centia  subpaniculata,  fasciculorum  spathis  abbreviatis. 

Herbae  sylvicolce , glabrte.  Radix  fibrosa , nunc  e rhizomate. 
Folia  graminea , laxa,  nervosa . Caulis  teretiusculus  quandoque 
divisus.  Fasciculi  alterni,  umbellati,  spathis  persistentibus . 
Perianthium  album , patulum , deciduum ; foliolis  exteriori- 

bus  exJws  scepius  virescentibus ; interioribus  scepe  unguiculatis . 
Capsula  membranacea.  Semina  biseriata , a£ra.  Brown  prodr. 
Addenda,  p.  591. 


R.  grandiflora , caule  paniculato,  foliis  (10-18-unc.)  nervosis 
margine  scabriuscuiis,  perianthii  foliolis  exterioribus  ovali- 
oblongis  : interioribus  3-plo  majoribus  obovato-oblongis  sub- 
unguiculatis,  filamentis  basi  connatis. 

Renealmia  granditlora.  Brown  prodr . ADDENDA  in  Obs . 


Perennial.  Stem  short,  much  branched  at  the  base. 
Leaves  fan-like  or  distichous,  sheathing  at  the  base, 
narrowly  sword-shaped,  taper-pointed,  roughish  on 
the  edges,  many-nerved,  of  a lively  green  edged  with  a 
yellowish-brown,  from  10  to  18  inches  in  length ; 
sheaths  membranaceous,  of  a brownish  orange  colour. 
Scape  erect,  scarcely  as  long  as  the  leaves,  nearly 
cylindrical  or  slightly  flattened,  smooth,  of  a purplish 
colour.  Flowers  white,  panicled.  Sheaths  leaf-like, 
lower  one  longer  than  the  pedicles,  upper  ones  shorter. 
Pedicles  cylindrical,  gradually  thickening  upwards,  of 
a purplish  colour,  with  a small  membranaceous  bracte 
attached  near  the  base.  Germen  bluntly  trigonal, 
uneven.  Perianthium  6-parted,  seated  on  the  ger- 
men; outer  leaflets  oval  or  oblong,  bearded  at  the 


point,  white  with  a purple  keel  down  the  back ; inner 
leaflets  obovately-oblong,  slightly  emarginate,  narrowed 
at  the  base,  3 or  4 times  larger  than  the  outer  ones. 
Stamens  3 ; filaments  slightly  connected  at  the  base, 
flat,  tapering  upwards;  anthers  sagittate,  2-celled. 
Style  short,  smooth.  Stigmas  3,  flat,  tapering  to  a 
point. 

The  present  subject  is  a native  of  New  Zealand, 
where  seeds  of  it  were  collected  by  Mr.  John 
Richardson,  who  disposed  of  them  and  numerous 
other  seeds  of  new  and  very  rare  plants  from  that 
country  and  New  Holland,  to  Mr.  Colvill,  and  plants 
raised  from  them  are  now  in  Mr.  C.’s  collection  ; many 
of  which  have  flowered.  There  are  now  in  flower 
Boronia  serrulata,  a new  species  of  Podolobium,  and 
a beautiful  new  plant  from  King  George’s  Sound,  we 
believe  a new  species  of  Callistachys.  Many  other 
interesting  plants  from  the  same  collection  we  expect  to 
see  flower  this  season,  which,  we  presume,  will  still  vex 
Billy  Aiton,  and  his  staunch  radical  friend  old 
Cobbett ! ! 

Several  plants  of  the  present  species  were  planted 
out  in  the  open  ground  last  Spring,  where  they  have 
remained  to  the  present  time,  and  have  received  no 
injury  from  the  Winter,  but  are  growing  as  freely  as 
those  that  have  been  protected  in  a greenhouse ; the 
one  from  which  our  drawing  was  taken,  flowered  in 
April,  but  from  the  appearance  of  the  plant  we  suspect 
it  will  bloom  at  various  seasons.  It  grows  freely  in  a 
rich  light  soil,  and  may  be  increased  by  dividing  at  the 
root,  or  by  seeds. 

Mr.  Brown  was  so  obliging  as  to  favour  us  with  a 
sight  of  a drawing  from  a native  specimen ; in  this  the 
plant  was  much  stronger,  the  flowers  larger,  and  the 
panicle  4 times  the  size  of  ours,  so  that  it  will  become 
a handsome  plant  when  of  larger  growth. 


1.  Outer  leaflet  of  the  Perianthuun,  showing  its  fringed  point.  2.  Inner 
ditto,  showing  its  narrow  base.  3.  The  3 Stamens  spread  open,  showing  their 
slight  connection  at  the  base.  4.  Style  terminated  by  3 flat  spreading  Stigmas. 


' : 

' 


■ 

' 


■ 

- 


■ 


I 


* 

. 

• 

65 


65 


ORCHIS  spectabilis. 

Showy  American  Orchis. 


Natural  Order.  OrchidEjE.  Brown  prodr.  309. 

Sect.  I.  MoNANDRiE.  Anthera  adnata  subterminalis  per- 
sisted. Pollinis  massed  e lobulis  angulatis  elastice  cohaerenti- 
bus  : basi  affix*.  Brown  in  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  5.  j p.  188. 

ORCHIS.  Perianthium  ringed.  Labellum  basi  subtus 
calcaratum.  Glandules  (1-2)  pedicellorum  pollinis  inclusae 
cucullo  unico.  Brown . 


O.  spectabilis , labello  obovato  indiviso  crenulato  retuso,  foliolis 
perianthii  conniventibus  rectis  : lateralibus  longioribus,  cornu 
clavato  longitudine  germinis,  bracteis  flore  longioribus,  scapo 
acute  5-angulo  subaphyllo. 

Orchis  spectabilis.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  4.  p.  36.  Pers.  syn . 2. 
p.  506.  Pursk.  fl.  amer . sept.  2.  p.  587.  Nuttall  gen. 
amer.  2.  p.  189.  Lodd.  bot.  cab.  78. 

Orchis  humilis.  Mich.  Jlor.  amer.  2.  p.  155.  Pers.  syn.  2. 
p.  506. 


Root , in  our  plant,  fasciculate,  (palmate,  according 
to  Nuttall.)  Leaves  2,  large,  roundly  oval,  reticulately 
veined  underneath,  smooth  and  shining  above.  Scape 
acutely  5-sided,  leafless,  (sometimes  producing  a leaf, 
Nuttall.)  few-flowered.  Bractes  large,  leaf-like,  lan- 
ceolate, obtuse,  overtopping  the  flowers.  Flowers 
large,  violet-scented,  all  facing  one  side.  Germen 
angular,  slightly  twisted,  bent  towards  the  flower. 
Leaflets  of  the  Perianthium  con ni vent  and  adhering, 
of  a light  purple  on  the  outside,  and  darker  within ; 
side  ones  rather  the  longest.  Labellum  white,  or 
slightly  tinged  with  blush,  broadly  ovate,  crenulate, 

s 


slightly  retuse.  Spur  compressed,  blunt,  or  club- 
shaped  at  the  point,  about  the  length  of  the  germen. 
Stamen  attached  to  the  point  of  the  stigma,  the  2 lobes 
diverging.  Pollen  masses  pedicled,  and  covered  with 
a hood. 

Our  drawing  of  this  rare  and  handsome  plant,  was 
made  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill ; it  had  been  lately 
imported  from  North  America,  and  was  procured  for 
Mr.  C.  by  Mr.  George  Charlwood.  The  plants  were 
potted  in  a very  sandy  red  loam,  where  they  flowered 
strong,  and  are  appearing  to  thrive  very  well,  and 
we  have  little  doubt  but  the  whole  of  the  Orchideous 
plants  might  be  managed  as  well  as  any  others,  by 
proper  attention ; many  of  them,  we  think,  would 
succeed  well  in  a frame,  or  pit,  and  to  be  covered 
occasionally  with  glass,  particularly  when  the  weather 
was  very  wet,  as  moisture  is  much  more  injurious  to 
them  than  cold ; the  soil  should  be  prepared  for  them 
according  to  the  different  species  ; the  greater  number 
succeeds  best  in  light  sandy  loam,  a few  species 
prefer  peat,  and  many  are  fond  of  a chalky  soil,  which 
could  be  imitated  by  pounding  or  grinding  chalk,  and 
mixing  it  with  the  other  mould  ; the  bed  should  be 
made  a little  sloping,  that  the  wet  may  pass  more 
readily  off.  Some  of  the  sorts  that  prefer  chalky  hills, 
might  be  planted  on  a little  mount  made  of  chalk,  and 
covered  with  sandy  loam  mixed  with  powdered  chalk ; 
in  such  a situation,  we  believe  many  of  them  would 
thrive  well. 


J.  Part  of  tlie  Flower-stem,  to  show  the  6 angles.  2.  Germen.  3.  The 
3 outer  leaflets  of  the  Perianthium.  4.  The  2 inner  leaflets.  5.  Labellum. 
0.  Spur.  7.  Anther,  showing  its  diverging  lobes  covered  with  a hood.  8.  The 
same  divested  of  the  hood,  showing  its  pedicled  pollen  masses  attached  to 
2 little  glands  at  the  base. 


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66 


WULFENIA  carinthiaca. 


Carinthian  Wulfenia. 


Natural  Order.  Scrophu  larina;.  Brown  prodr.  433. 
Sect . I.  Stamina  duo  antherifera.  Capsula  bilocularis. 
WULFENIA.  Calyx  5-partitus.  Corolla  ringens : labio 
superiore  brevi  integro;  inferiore  3-partito,  fauce  barbata. 
Capsula  2-locularis.  Folia  radicalia  obovata  obtusa,  Flores 
pedunculate  secundi , ccerulei. 


Wulfenia  carinthiaca.  Jacq.  miscell.  2.  p.  62.  t.  8.  f.  1.  Icon . 
rar.  1.  t.  2.  Pers.  syn . 1.  p.  14.  Willd.  enum.  1.  p.  24. 
Rcem.  et  Schult . 1.  177.  Link  enum.  1.  p.  27.  Hort.  sub. 
lond.  Addenda. 

Peederota  Wulfenia.  Lamarck  encycl.  t.  13./.  2. 


Perennial . Leaves  radical,  tufted,  spreading  flat 
on  the  ground,  younger  ones  erect,  obovate,  obtuse, 
slender  at  the  base,  notched  with  rounded  blunt  cre- 
natures,  which  are  again  slightly  notched.  Scape 
erect,  smooth,  leafy ; the  leaves  small,  sessile,  clasping 
the  stem,  acute,  margins  bent  backwards.  Spike 
at  first  nodding,  afterwards  becoming  erect,  and  grow- 
ing to  a considerable  length.  Flowers  of  a bright 
blue,  leaning  to  one  side.  Pedicles  short.  Calyx 
5-parted  ; laciniae  unequal,  lanceolate,  acute.  Corolla 
ringent ; upper  lip  short,  entire,  slightly  crenulate ; 
lower  lip  3-parted,  densely  bearded  in  the  mouth, 
segments  rounded,  with  a small  point,  side  ones 
largest.  Stamens  2,  inserted  in  the  tube,  and  included 
within  the  mouth  : filaments  smooth  ; anthers  incum- 

s 2 


bent;  pollen  ash-coloured.  Style  smooth,  exserted. 
Stigma  capitate. 

For  the  opportunity  of  giving  a figure  of  this  rare 
plant,  we  are  obliged  to  A.  B.  Lambert,  Esq.  who 
sent  us  a fine  plant  of  it  in  full  bloom,  that  had  been 
grown  at  his  seat  at  Boyton.  Large  plants  of  it  make 
a handsome  appearance,  when  covered  with  numerous 
spikes  of  beautiful  blue  flowers,  which  last  a con- 
siderable time.  Our  drawing  was  taken  about  the 
middle  of  April,  and  other  spikes  continued  to  flower 
till  near  the  end  of  May.  It  succeeds  well  in  a rich 
loamy  soil  in  a sheltered  situation,  and  may  be  in- 
creased by  dividing  at  the  root,  or  by  seeds. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  its  bearded  mouth,  and  the  inser- 
tion of  the  stamens.  3.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


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67 


PEDICULARIS  canadensis. 

Canadian  Pedicularis . 


Natural  Order.  Scrophularina:.  Brown  prodr.  433. 

Sect.  II.  Stamina  4 antherifera. 

PEDICULARIS.  Calyx  5-fidus.  Corolla  ringens.  Cap- 
sula  bilocularis,  mucronata,  obliqua.  Semina  tunicata.  Folia 
opposita  aut  alternat  simplicia  aut  scepius  pinnata ; jlores  op- 
positi  aut  alterni,  bracteati , spicati  terminates. 


P.  canadensis , caule  simplici,  foliis  pinnatifidis  inciso-dentatis, 
capitulo  basi  folioso  hirsuto,  corollis  galea  setaceo-bidentata, 
calycibus  deorsum  truncatis.  Pursh  ffl.  amer.  2.  p.  425. 
Pedicularis  canadensis.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p.  211.  Pers. 
syn.  2.  p.  153. 


Perennial.  Stems  several  from  the  same  plant, 
erect,  simple,  of  a purplish  colour,  thickly  clothed 
with  soft  white  hairs,  particularly  on  the  upper  part. 
Leaves  alternate,  lanceolate,  pinnatifid,  hairy : seg- 
ments on  the  lower  ones  incised,  or  deeply  toothed 
with  bluntish  rounded  segments  or  teeth,  which  are 
again  toothed ; upper  leaves  more  shallowly  and 
sharper  toothed  with  numerous  small  teeth.  Petioles 
deeply  channelled  on  the  upper  side,  and  rounded  on 
the  lower,  hairy.  Flowers  in  a short  spike,  or  head, 
pale  yellow,  tinged  with  purple.  Bractes  leaf-like, 
toothed,  villous  at  the  base,  the  upper  ones  shortest. 
Calyx  inflated,  truncate  downwards,  emarginate,  an- 
gular, villous.  Corolla  ringent : helmet  flat,  toothed 


near  the  point  with  2 sharp  setiform  teeth ; lower  lip 
3-lobed,  side  lobes  ovate-rounded,  erect,  the  middle 
one  reflexed.  Stamens  4,  inserted  in  the  tube,  2 rather 
longer  than  the  others ; the  2 longest  filaments  are 
hairy,  the  others  smooth.  Style  smooth,  exserted, 
terminated  with  a small  capitate  stigma. 

A native  of  North  America,  from  whence  plants  of 
it  were  received  last  Autumn,  by  Mr.  Colvill,  from 
one  of  which  our  drawing  was  made  the  beginning  of 
May.  We  planted  them  in  a mixture  of  sandy  loam 
and  peat,  principally  the  latter ; and  they  are  now  in 
a flourishing  state,  and  appear  likely  to  increase  at 
the  root.  Pursh  mentions  it  as  growing  in  woods  and 
meadows,  from  Canada  to  Carolina;  and  it  appears 
to  us  to  be  fond  of  moisture,  and  to  prefer  a shady 
situation. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  stamens,  and 
the  2 teeth  on  the  upper  part  of  the  helmet.  3.  Back  view  of  the  lower  lip, 
showing  the  reflexed  middle  lobe.  4.  Stamen  detached,  showing  the  hairy 
filament.  5.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


66 


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68 


IRIS  verna. 

Vernal  American  Iris. 


Natural  Order.  Iride^e.  Brown  prodr.  302. 

IRIS.  Perianthium  6-partitum  magnum : laciuiis  3 alternis 
rectis  ; 3 alternis  reflexis  intus  barbatis  aut  imberbibus  basi 
staminiferis.  Stylus  brevis;  stigmata  3 petaloidea,  oblonga, 
magna,  staminibus  incumbentia,  sulco  longitudinali  nectarifero 
marginato  supra  exarata. 


I.  verna,  imberbis,  acaulis,  uniflora,  foliis  lineari-ensiformibus 
rigidis  acutis  glaucescentibus,  perianthii  laciniis  subaequa- 
libus,  capsulis  obsolete  trigonis. 

Iris  verna.  Mich.  ffl.  amer.  1.  p.  22.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  1. 

p.  235.  Pers.  syn.  1.  p . 53. 

Iris  verna?  Nutt.  gen.  amer . 1.  p.  23. 


Roots  scarcely  tuberous,  creeping,  reddish.  Leaves 
radical,  linearly-ensiform,  rigidly  coriaceous,  acute, 
margined,  slightly  glaucous,  tinged  with  red  at  the 
base  ; in  our  plant,  a foot  in  length.  Scape  1 -flowered, 
sessile,  or  nearly  so,  sheathed  at  the  base  with  short 
leaf-like  bractes.  Germen  attenuated,  slightly  trique- 
trous. Tube  of  the  Perianthium  slightly  but  bluntly 
triangular,  about  2 inches  long ; lacinice  jointed  on  the 
tube,  inner  and  outer  divisions  nearly  equal,  with  long 
slender  ungues,  oblong-obovate,  of  a beautiful  bright 
blue,  the  3 exterior  marked  with  an  oblong  orange- 
yellow  stripe,  edged  and  spotted  with  black,  and 
having  a central  slightly  raised,  scarcely  villous  line ; 
inner  ones  of  one  colour,  at  first  connivent,  afterwards 
spreading  flat  like  the  outer  ones.  Stamens  3,  inserted 


in  the  base  of  the  laciniae,  at  the  summit  of  the  tube. 
Style  short.  Stigmas  3,  petal-like,  linearly-oblong, 
deeply  bifid  and  toothed  at  the  edges,  keeled  in- 
wards. 

We  think  there  can  scarcely  be  any  doubt  but  the 
present  subject  is  the  real  I.  verna , which  has  been 
so  long  a desideratum  in  our  collections ; it  is  certainly 
Mr.  NuttalPs  plant,  though  he  describes  the  roots  as 
tuberous,  which  ours  scarcely  is,  but  is  more  of  a 
creeping  nature^  I.  verna  of  Pursh  is  probably  a 
different  plant,  though  his  description  agrees  pretty 
well  with  the  present,  except  in  the  capsule  being 
subrotund,  which  in  ours  is  bluntly  3-sided ; the 
colour  of  the  flowers  is  also  said  to  be  light  blue, 
striped  with  purple ; Mr.  Colvill  received  plants  of 
the  present  species,  last  Autumn,  from  North  Ame- 
rica, with  some  others,  one  of  which  is  said  to 
be  the  I.  tridentata  of  Pursh,  but  it  has  not  yet 
flowered. 

In  our  opinion,  the  present  species  is  by  far  the  most 
beautiful  of  all  the  dwarf  sorts,  and  appears  to  grow 
as  freely  as  any  of  them,  when  planted  in  a rich 
light  soil,  flowering  the  beginning  of  May ; it  also 
possesses  a considerable  degree  of  fragrance,  and  may 
be  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root. 


1.  Peduncle.  2.  Germen.  3.  Tube  of  the  Perianthiuin.  4.  One  of  the 
outer  laciniae  of  ditto,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  stamen  at  its  base.  5.  The 
3 Stamens.  6.  Back  view  of  the  Stigma. 


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69 

VIOLA  pedata. 

Cut -leaved  Violet . 


Natural  Order.  Violauie.E.  DC.  prodr.  syst.  nat.  1. 
p.  287. 

VIOLA.  Calycis  sepala  inaequalia,  omnia  plus  minus  deor- 
sum  in  appendices  auriculaeformes  (e  dilatationibus  nervorum 
prodeuntes)  producta,  post  anthesin  erecta.  Petala  inaequalia, 
aestivatione  convolutiva,  ungue  trinervi ; inferius  deorsum  in 
calcar  cavum  plus  minus  productum.  Stamina  approximata 
aut  coarctata  (nec  coalita)  ad  apicem  dentium  tori  pentagoni 
5-dentati  inserta.  Filamenta  basi  dilatata  oblonga  vel  triangu- 
laria,  antheras  demissids  gerentia ; lobi  antherarum  basi  diver- 
gentes,  stamina  2 anteriora  dorso  appendices  varias  nectariferas 
in  calcar  intrantes  gerentia.  Ovarium  nunc  superum,  nunc 
basi  toro  concavo  cinctum  et  ided  semi-inferum.  Valvulce 
capsulae  elasticae  post  maturationem  contractae  semina  ejicien- 
tes;  semina  horizontalia  manifeste  carunculata,  plus  minds 
ovoidea  et  nitida.  Embryo  oblongus,  radicula  teretiuscula, 
cotyledones  saepius  oblongo-orbiculatae  planiusculae  radicula  vix 
longiores. — Herbae  plerumque  perennes , rarissime  annucef  nunc 
caule  brevissimo  vel  subterraneo , unde  acaules  dieted , nunc  cau- 
lescentes  vel  suffrutices  parvi ; folia  alterna  marcescentia ; pe- 
dunculi  solitarii  axillares  uniflorit  2-bracteolati  non  articulati , 
apice  rejlexi ; flores  cernui ; folia  seminalia  oblonga  ovatave , 
petiolata ; primordialia  oppositat  sed  rard  coetanea.  DC.  loc . 
cit.  p.  291. 

Sect.  I.  NOMIMJUM.  Stigma  rostratum,  foraminulo  ad 
extremitatem  rostri  sito ; rostrum  plus  minds  recurvum,  nunc 
deorsum  marginatum  et  tunc  planiusculum  et  obliquum,  nunc 
absque  margine  et  tunc  deorsum  convexiusculum.  Stylus  ab 
apice  ad  basin  attenuatus.  Stamina  oblonga  approximata.  To- 
rus planiusculus.  Capsula  saepius  trigona.  Semina  15-27. 
Folia  seminalia  ssepe  obovata  vel  oblonga. 

§.  I.  Stigmatibus  apice  depressis,  aut  deorsum  in  orbem 
marginatis ; caulibus  subnullis. 

* Truncis  radiciformibus  ( Rhizomatibus  ? ) dentatis  pliis 
minusve  carnosis , scepius  obliquis.  DC.  loc.  cit. 

V.  pedata , stigmate  incrassato  hinc  oblique  truncato;  rostro 
brevissimo,  foliis  pellucido-punctatis  palmatisectis,  stipulis 
pectinatim  laceris  longe  adhaerentibus,  petalis  omnibus  gla- 
bris.  DC.  loc.  cit . 

Viola  pedata.  Willd.  sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1160.  Pursh.  fl.  amer.  1. 
p.  171.  Nutt.  gen.  amer.  1.  p.  145.  Botan.  magaz.  89. 
Andrews  reposit . 153.  Pers.  syn.  1.  p.  254. 

T 


Stemless . Leaves  pedate,  many  parted  : segments 
linearly  lanceolate  or  slightly  wedge-shaped,  entire  or 
toothed  near  the  point,  attenuated  to  the  base,  pellu- 
cid ly-punctate  with  numerous  small  dots,  finely 
ciliate.  Petioles  gradually  tapering  upwards,  furrowed 
with  2 small  channels  on  the  upper  side,  and  angu- 
lar on  the  lower.  Stipules  ciliate  or  lacerate,  taper- 
pointed,  joined  to  the  base  of  the  footstalks.  Pe- 
duncles bearing  2 subulate  taper-pointed  keeled  bractes 
a little  above  the  base,  furrowed,  sometimes  not  so 
long,  at  other  times  longer  than  the  leaf.  Calyx  of  5 
sepals,  slightly  unequal,  lanceolately  subulate,  taper- 
pointed,  eared  at  the  base.  Petals  5,  alternating  with 
the  sepals,  oblongly  obovate,  spreading,  the  2 upper 
ones  slightly  recurved,  the  lower  one  broadest,  slightly 
emarginate,  all  of  them  smooth,  (not  bearded,)  of  a 
light  purplish  blue,  with  scarcely  darker  veins ; the 
lower  one  with  a light  mark  near  the  base.  Stamens 
5,  inserted  in  the  receptacle,  alternate  with  the  petals : 
anthers  2-celled,  joined  to  the  filaments  by  their  back  ; 
filaments  a little  dilated  at  the  base,  and  terminating 
above  the  anthers  in  a dry  blunt  yellowish  membrane. 
Germen  smooth.  Style  smooth.  Stigma  large  and 
thick,  compressed  at  the  sides,  obliquely  truncate, 
beaked,  the  small  beak  fixed  in  a little  pit  near  the 
point. 

Several  strong  plants  of  this  beautiful  species  of 
Violet  were  received,  last  autumn,  by  Mr.  Colvill,  from 
North  America;  from  one  of  those  our  drawing  was 
taken  last  spring;  it  is  a very  variable  plant,  different 
individuals  varying  very  much  in  the  breadth  and 
division  of  their  leaves,  and  also  in  the  length  of  their 
peduncles.  It  appears  to  thrive  well  with  us  in  a 
sandy  peat  soil,  where  it  makes  a very  handsome  ap- 
pearance with  its  divided  leaves  and  large  blue 
flowers.  It  may  be  increased  by  seeds,  or  separating 
at  the  root. 

1.  The  5 Stamens  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  anther  to  the 
back  of  the  filament,  the  filament  terminating  beyond  it  in  a dry  yellowish 
membrane.  2.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


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70 


PiEONIA  lobata. 


Lobed-leaved  Pceony . 


Natural  Order . Ranunculacea:.  DC,  syst.  v.  1.  p.  127. 
Trib.  V.?  PMONIACEJE.  Antherae  introrsae  ; an  ordo  pro- 
prius.  DC.  prodr . 1.  p.  64. 

PMONIA.  Supra  fol.  19. 

Sect.  II.  PjEON.  Caulis  berbaceus.  Discus  vix  aut  non 
expanses  et  carpella  ima  basi  tantdm  circumdantia. 


P.  lobataf  herbacea,  carpellis  tomentosis  erectiusculis,  foliorum 
segmfentis  glabris  decurrentibus  pinnatipartitis  apice  triloba- 
tis.  DC.  prodr,  1.  p.  66. 

Pa3onia$obata.  Desf.  cat.  hort.  par.  126.  DC.  syst.  1.  p.  39. 


. '-i  ■ ■■ 


Stem  erect,  from  18  inches  to  two  feet  high,  smooth. 
Leaves  ternate:  leaflets  pinnatifid,  smooth  or  slightly 
pubescent  underneath,  with  a few  small  hairs  scattered 
here  and  there  on  the  nerves,  decurrent : segments 
ovate  or  oblong,  bluntish,  generally  3-lobed  or  toothed, 
but  sometimes  entire ; nerves  underneath  much 
branched,  prominent.  Petioles  smooth,  channelled 
on  the  upper  side,  and  rounded  on  the  lower.  Pe- 
duncle furrowed,  gradually  thickening  upwards.  In- 
volucre leaf-like,  bractes  3-parted  or  entire,  lanceolate, 
acute.  Calyx  of  5 sepals:  outer  ones  longest  and 
narrowest,  acute : inner  ones  orbicular,  concave,  edged 
with  red.  Petals  8,  bright  red,  inclining  to  scarlet, 
with  a white  mark  on  one  of  the  outer  ones,  nearly 
orbicular,  hollow  or  cupped  inward,  slightly  notched 
at  the  edges,  outer  ones  largest.  Stamens  numerous, 
surrounding  the  germens : filaments  smooth,  red  at 

t 2 


the  base,  and  pale  upwards,  inserted  in  the  base  of 
the  anthers.  Germens  2 or  3,  erect,  or  slightly  curved 
inwards,  thickly  clothed  with  a shining  white  silky 
tomentum.  Stigmas  red,  crested,  undulate. 

Our  drawing  of  this  handsome  species  of  Paeony 
was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Messrs.  Whitley,  Brames, 
and  Milne,  last  summer;  they  had  imported  it  from 
France,  as  the  P.  lobata  of  M.  Decandolle,  which  we 
think  there  is  no  doubt  but  it  really  is,  though  some 
people  think  otherwise,  the  leaves  being  slightly  hairy, 
whereas  he  describes  them  as  smooth ; in  the  speci- 
mens that  we  examined,  the  young  leaves  were  slightly 
hairy,  but  the  older  ones  were  quite  smooth  ; in  every 
other  respect  it  agreed  exactly  with  the  description  in 
his  Prodomus,  where  he  has  divided  from  it  the 
P.  Russif  which,  in  his  former  work,  he  had  given  as  a 
synonym  ; this  is  now  ranked  with  the  pubescent 
species,  and  we  believe  it  to  be  the  plant  received  from 
the  Botanical  Garden  at  Liverpool  as  a variety  of 
P.  arietinay  with  which  it  agrees  in  the  character  of 
its  recurved  germens. 

The  present  plant  is  at  present  very  scarce  in  the 
collections  about  London,  and  is  consequently  rather 
expensive  ; it  is  as  hardy  as  any  of  the  common  sorts, 
and  grows  freely  in  the  common  garden  soil.  It  may 
be  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root. 


1.  Segment  of  one  of  the  lower  leaves^  showing  its  lobed  point.  2.  Stamens 
detached,  showing  the  red  base  of  the  nlaments.  3.  Germens,  showing  their 
dense  silky  down,  terminated  with  their  red  crested  stigmas. 


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CYPRIPEDIUM  pubescens. 

Yellow  Downy  Ladies'  Slipper. 


Natural  Order.  Orchide^e.  Brown  prodr.  309. 

Sect.  VI.  DlANDRJS.  Stamina  2 antherifera. 

CYPRIPEDIUM.  Perianthium  4-phyllum,  patens  : folio- 
la  2 antica  saepius  connata.  Labellum  ventricosum,  inflatum 
(nunc  saccatum.)  Columna  postice  terminata  lobo  petaloideo 
(stamine  sterili,)  antheras  distinguente. 


C.  pubescens , caule  folioso,  lobo  styli  triangulari-oblongo  obtuso, 
perianthii  foliolis  exterioribus  ovato-oblongis  acuminatis : 
interioribus  linearibus  conlortis  basi  intus  subbarbatis,  labello 
nervoso  foliolis  breviore  compresso. 

Cypripedium  pubescens.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  4.  p.  143.  Hort. 
berol.  1.  t.  13.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  525.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2. 
v.  5.  p.  221.  Pursh  jl.  amer.  2.  p.  594. 

Cypripedium  flavescens.  Redoute  liliac.  20. 


Stems  several  from  the  same  root,  upright,  striate, 
densely  pubescent.  Leaves  4 or  5,  alternate,  sessile, 
clasping*  the  stem  at  the  base,  spreading,  ovate,  acute, 
more  or  less  waved,  point  slightly  twisted,  longitu- 
dinally nerved  and  plaited,  furrowed  on  the  upper  side, 
densely  pubescent.  Flowers  1 to  3,  nodding.  Pe- 
duncle scarcely  as  long  as  the  leaf,  densely  pubescent. 
Bracte  1,  straight,  leaf-like,  ovate,  taper-pointed, 
shorter  than  the  leaflets  of  the  perianthium.  Pedicle 
short,  enclosed  in  the  bracte.  Germen  angular,  curved, 
not  twisted,  densely  pubescent.  Leaflets  of  the  Peri- 
anthium of  a greenish  yellow,  more  or  less  spotted 
with  brown : 2 outer  ones  ovate,  acuminate,  upper  one 
erect,  a little  twisted,  lower  one  dependent,  straight, 
longer  than  the  labellum ; inner  ones  longer,  broadly 


linear,  spreading,  a little  deflexed,  twisted,  points 
acute,  bearded  inside  at  the  base  with  a tuft  of  white 
hairs,  but  much  less  so  than  C . parvijtorum ; outside 
densely  pubescent.  Labellum  yellow,  ribbed,  mouth 
edged  with  brown,  inside  elegantly  spotted  in  purple 
circular  lines,  bearded  at  the  bottom.  Column  lobe 
triangularly  oblong,  obtuse,  smooth,  channelled  on  the 
upper  side,  and  concave  near  the  point,  keeled  and 
channelled  underneath,  yellow,  spotted  with  brown. 
Style  yellowish  white  : middle  lobe  triangularly  oblong, 
obtuse  ; side  ones  short,  lanceolately  cuneate,  bluntish, 
shorter  than  the  anthers.  Anthers  2,  nearly  orbicular, 
attached  to  the  side  lobes  of  the  style.  Pollen  waxy, 
yellow. 

The  plant  from  which  our  drawing  was  taken,  at 
the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  was  received  last  autumn 
from  North  America;  it  was  planted  in  a pot  of  very 
sandy  red  loam,  where  it  flowered  very  strong  in  the 
beginning  of  June.  The  plants  of  this  genus,  as  well 
as  of  many  other  Orchideous  genera,  are  at  present 
supposed  to  be  very  difficult  to  cultivate  ; but  we  hope, 
before  long,  to  be  able  to  give  directions  for  cultivating 
them,  as  well  as  any  other  plants ; a great  many  of 
them  are  fond  of  the  shade  of  trees,  which  should  be 
imitated  as  much  as  possible  in  the  cultivation  of  them. 
Pursh  mentions  the  present  species  as  growing  on 
sunny  fertile  hills,  among  small  trees  and  bushes, 
generally  in  rocky  situations,  from  Pennsylvania  to 
Carolina.  Introduced  into  this  country  in  the  year 
1790,  by  Sir  J.  Banks ; but  still  continues  scarce,  as  it 
is  so  liable  to  perish. 

1.  Labellum.  2.  Front  view  of  the  Column  lobe.  3.  Back  view  of  ditto. 
4.  Front  view  of  the  lower  lobe  of  the  Style.  5.  Back  view  of  ditto,  showing 
the  edges  of  the  anthers  attached  to  the  2 upper  lobes.  6.  6.  The  2 side  lobes 
with  the  anthers  attached  to  them,  front  view. 


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72 


COREOPSIS  tinctoria. 

Dyeing  or  Arkansa  Coreopsis. 


Natural  Order.  Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2.  103. 
Sect.  V.  HELTANTHEJE.  Kunth  Synops.  2.  p.  408. 
COREOPSIS.  Supra  fol.  10. 


C.  tinctoria , foliis  oppositis  pinnatisectis  glabris : inferioribus 
foliolis  ovatis  obtusis  integris  bifidisve ; superioribus  lineari- 
bus  obtusis  subdivisis,  floribus  ramoso-paniculatis,  foliolis 
involucri  exterioribus  brevissimis,  akeniis  nudis  emarginatis. 

Coreopsis  tinctoria.  Nuttall  in  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Science  of  Philadelphia  for  1821.  p.  144.  Barton 
Flor.  N.  A mer.  vol . 2.  f.  45. 

Calliopsis  bicolor.  Hort.  germ. 


Annual.  Stem  erect,  much  branched,  2 to  5 feet 
high.  Leaves  opposite,  somewhat  succulent,  smooth, 
at  first  simple  and  ovate,  the  next  pinnately  parted, 
with  ovate,  obtuse  leaflets,  which  are  generally  entire, 
but  sometimes  2-cleft : upper  ones  also  pinnate  or 
bipinnatifid,  the  leaflets  or  segments  linear,  obtuse, 
entire  or  pinnatifid,  the  terminal  one  much  the  longest. 
Flowers  paniculately  branching,  terminating  the  branch- 
lets  by  twos  or  threes.  Involucre  of  2 series,  generally 
8 in  each  : outer  leaflets  very  short  and  small,  lan- 
ceolate, obtuse,  of  a bright  green:  inner  ones  much 
larger,  oblongly  ovate,  membranaceous,  bluntish,  of  a 
brownish  purple.  Receptacle  convex,  paleaceous, 
warted  : chaff  filiform,  purple,  longer  than  the  florets, 
deciduous.  Rays  about  8,  3 or  4-lobed,  sterile,  ob- 
longly obovate,  of  a bright  golden  yellow,  with  a dark 
purple  spot  near  the  base,  which  causes  an  elegant 


dark  circle  round  the  disk.  Florets  of  the  disk  nume- 
rous, fertile,  tubular,  5-toothed.  Stamens  5 : filaments 
distinct:  anthers  connected,  of  a dark  brown,  their 
points  exserted.  Pollen  orange-coloured.  Style  smooth, 
longer  than  the  stamens.  Stigmas  2,  purple,  recurved. 
Seed  small,  blackish,  emarginate,  curved,  naked  at  the 
summit. 

“ Habitat.  Throughout  the  Arkansa  territory,  to 
the  banks  of  the  red  river,  chiefly  in  the  prairies,  which 
are  subjected  to  temporary  inundation,  flowering  from 
June  to  October.”  Nuttall  loc.  cit. 

This  beautiful  annual  is  of  recent  introduction 
from  North  America,  and  is  a valuable  acquisition  to 
our  collection  of  hardy  annuals,  as  it  appears  to  be  of 
very  free  growth,  and  thrives  well  in  the  common 
garden  soil.  The  seeds  may  be  sown  in  pots,  in  a 
hot-bed  frame,  or  in  the  green-house,  and  from  thence 
be  planted  into  the  open  borders ; or  it  may  be  sown  in 
the  open  ground,  the  latter  end  of  March,  or  beginning 
of  April ; but  the  plants  raised  in  the  latter  way  will 
not  flower  so  early  as  the  others.  If  sown  in  rich  soil, 
the  plants  will  attain  the  height  of  4 or  5 feet;  in  poorer 
soil  they  will  be  shorter. 

We  received  seeds  of  the  present  species  from  Ger- 
many this  Spring,  under  the  name  of  Calliopsis  bicolor> 
from  which  we  have  raised  a great  many  plants ; we 
are  also  obliged  to  Professor  Treviranus  for  others 
sent  under  the  name  that  we  have  adopted. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a plant  in  the  Nursery 
of  the  late  Mr.  James  Lee,  of  Hammersmith  ; our  de- 
scription from  one  at  the  Apothecaries  Company’s 
Garden  at  Chelsea 


1.  Capitulum  cut  through  the  middle,  showing  the  leaflets  of  the  Involucrum. 
2.  Inner  view  of  the  same,  showing  the  chaffy  receptacle.  3.  Floret  of  the 
disk.  4.  The  same  split  open,  to  show  the  distinct  filaments,  and  connected 
anthers.  5.  Gerraen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


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ASTRAGALUS  tenuifolius. 

Narrow-leaved  Milk-vetch . 


Natural  Order . Leguminosa.  Juss.  gen.  345. 

Div.  VI.  ( P API  LION  ACE  JE.)  Corolla  irregularis  papilio- 
nacea.  Stamina  decern  diadelpha.  Legumen  uniloculare  (in 
Astragalo  et  Biserrula  biloculare)  bivalve.  Herbes  aut  frutices 
aut  arbuscules,  folia  impari-pinnata.  Juss.  gen.  357. 

ASTRAGALUS.  Calyx  tubulosus  5 dentatus.  Vexillum 
alis  et  carina  longius.  Carina  obtusa.  Legumen  biloculare, 
aut  subbiloculare,  sutura  inferiore  introflexa. 

Suffrutices  aut  sespius  herbae  erectes  vel  prostrates ; folia  in 
Astragalo  T.  herbaceo  impari-pinnata , in  Tragacantha  T.  suf- 
frutescente  abrupt & pinnata  petiolo  communi  spinesformi  aceroso 
longo ; stipulae  a petiolo  distinctes  aut  (in  Tragacantha)  adnata, 
interdum  in  unam  eidem  oppositam  coalites ; flores  glomerati  aut 
spicati , axillares  et  terminales.  Legumen  forma  varium.  Juss. 
gen.  358. 


A.  tenuifolius,  caulescens  erectus,  foliolis  lineari-lanceolatis, 
spicis  oblongis  pedunculatis  folio  longioribus,  vexillo  alis 
duplo  longiore.  Willden.  sp . pi.  3.  p.  1270.  Hort.  Kew. 
ed.  2.  v.4.  p.  302.  non  DC. 

Astragalus  linearifolius.  Pers.syn.  2.  p.  336. 

Astragalus  Onobrychis,  angustifolius.  DC.  Astray,  p.  125. 


Perennial.  Stems  several  from  the  same  root,  erect, 
or  when  grown  in  shady  situations  subdecumbent,  from 
18  inches  to  2 feet  high,  sulcate,  and  thinly  clothed 
with  a dark  brown  or  black  pubescence.  Leaves 
pinnate;  leaflets  12  or  13  pair,  and  terminated  by  an 
odd  one,  linearly  lanceolate,  bluntish,  keeled  under- 
neath and  channelled  above,  and  clothed  with  a close- 
pressed  silky  pubescence.  Petioles  channelled  on  the 
upper  side,  and  rounded  on  the  lower,  clothed  with 

u 


short  dark  hairs,  as  are  the  peduncles  and  calyx. 
Stipules  cordate,  acute,  membranaceous,  surrounding 
the  stem,  not  adhering  to  the  petioles.  Flower-spikes 
oblong,  pedunculate.  Peduncles  axillary,  simple,  or 
in  pairs,  longer  than  the  leaves,  furrowed.  Flowers 
crowded,  of  a rosy  lilac.  JBractes  lanceolate,  taper- 
pointed,  concave,  keeled  underneath,  ciliate.  Calyx 
tubular,  5-toothed,  teeth  short,  erect,  lanceolate,  acute, 
the  2 upper  ones  shortest  and  deepest.  Corolla  papi- 
lionaceous ; vexillum  oblong,  carinate,  double  the 
length  of  the  wings  and  keel ; alee , or  wings , slenderly 
unguiculate,  eared  above  the  unguis ; carina  obtuse, 
also  eared  at  the  base.  Stamens  10,  diadelphous, 
1 distinct,  the  others  joined  at  the  base  with  distinct 
points.  Germen  and  Style  smooth.  Stigma  slightly 
capitate. 

A beautiful  hardy  perennial  plant,  a native  of  Siberia, 
and  requires  no  other  treatment  than  to  be  planted  in 
the  open  border  in  the  common  garden  soil,  and  to  be 
kept  free  from  weeds ; in  rich  soil  it  will  attain  the 
height  of  2 feet,  in  poorer  soil  it  will  be  considerably 
less,  flowering  in  July  and  August,  and  ripening  its 
seeds,  by  which  it  is  increased.  Those  may  be  sown 
early  in  Spring,  either  in  pots,  or  in  the  open  ground ; 
and  as  soon  as  the  plants  are  2 or  3 inches  in  height, 
they  may  be  planted  where  they  are  to  remain,  water- 
ing them  occasionally  if  they  require  it,  and  shading 
them  a little  at  first  if  the  weather  prove  warm  and 
dry. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a fine  plant  in  the 
Garden  of  the  Apothecaries’  Company,  at  Chelsea,  in 
July  last. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Vexillum.  3.  One  of  the  alae,  or  wings,  showing  where  it  is 
auriculate.  4.  Keel,  showing  its  blunt  point,  and  the  ears  above  the  unguis. 
5.  The  9 connected  Stamens.  6.  The  distinct  Stamen.  7.  Germen,  Style, 
and  small  Stigma. 


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74 


IRIS  hungarica. 

Sickle-leaved  Hungarian  Iris. 


Natural  Order . IridEjE.  Brown  prodr . 302. 
IRIS.  Supra  fol.  68. 


I.  hungarica , barbata,  foliis  ensiformibus  glabris  subfalcatis 
subaequantibus  scapum  multiflorum,  spathis  inflatis  suprema 
biflora.  Willd.  enurn.  1.  p.  64. 

Iris  hungarica.  Waldst . et  Kitaib.  hung . 3.  t . 226.  £/or/. 

/ora*/.  p. 12. 


Root  large,  tuberous.  Leaves  ensiform,  smooth, 
generally  falcate,  nerved  with  numerous  prominent 
nerves,  taper-pointed,  about  equal  with  the  many- 
flowered  scape.  Spathes  inflated  ; sheaths  2,  opposite, 
acute,  keeled,  inclosing  the  peduncle,  germen,  and 
tube.  Peduncle  short  and  thick,  obsoletely  3-sided. 
Germen  bluntly  3-sided  and  3-furrowed,  smooth  and 
glossy.  Perianthium  6-parted,  of  a beautiful  blue  pur7 
pie ; tube  an  inch  in  length,  bluntly  3-gonal,  3-sulcate, 
smooth  and  glossy;  outer  lacinice  narrowest,  reflexed, 
densely  bearded  from  the  base  to  above  the  middle, 
and  variegated  near  the  base ; inner  ones  broadly  obo- 
vate,  erect,  connivent,  or  closing  each  other  at  the 
points,  also  variegated  near  the  base.  Stamens  3,  in- 
serted in  the  base  of  the  laciniae,  about  half  the  length 
of  the  stigmas  ; filaments  flat,  smooth  ; anthers  linear, 
attached  to  the  filament  a little  above  the  base,  nearly 
as  long  as  the  filaments ; pollen  white.  Style  short, 
acutely  3-cornered.  Stigmas  3,  petal-like,  keeled 

u 2 


inwards,  points  deeply  cloven,  acute  and  jagged  by 
the  sides. 

This  fine  species  of  Iris  is  a native  of  Hungary,  and 
is  readily  distinguished  from  most  others  by  its  falcate 
leaves;  it  is  quite  hardy,  and  thrives  well  in  a rich 
light  soil,  flowering  in  May  and  June,  and  sometimes 
again  in  Autumn.  It  is  not  one  of  the  strongest  grow- 
ing sorts,  but  is  of  middle  stature,  the  leaves  seldom 
exceeding  a foot  in  height,  and  the  flower  stems  are 
not  so  high  ; but  the  flowers  are  large,  and  very  showy, 
and  several  are  expanded  at  the  same  time.  The  best 
method  of  increasing  it,  is  by  dividing  the  roots,  but 
it  may  be  also  raised  from  seeds,  which  some- 
times ripen ; those  should  be  sown  as  soon  as  ripe, 
either  in  pots,  or  in  the  open  ground,  transplanting 
them  while  quite  young,  that  they  may  not  miss  their 
removal. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a plant  at  the  Nursery 
of  Mr.  Colvill,  in  May  last. 


1.  The  3 Stamens  inserted  in  the  base  of  the  laciniae  of  the  Perianthium. 
2.  One  of  the  Stigmas,  the  2 others  cut  off  near  the  base. 


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75 


LILIUM  spectabile. 

Showy  Siberian  Lily. 


Natural  Order.  TunPACEiE.  Kunth  Synops.  1.  p.  292- 
LIL1UM.  Perianthium  6-phyllum,  petaloideum,  campa- 
nulatum  : foliolis  rectis  aut  revolutis,  basi  conniventibus  etsulco 
longitudinali  nectarifero,  nudo  aut  ciliato,  exaratis.  Stamina 
6 stylo  breviora.  Capsula  valvulis  pilo  cancellato  connexis; 
semina  plana.  Radix  tuberosa , basibus  foliorum  imbricata; 
caulis  foliosus  simplex ; foliis  alternis  aut  verticillatis ; flores 
spathacei,  spicati  aut  subpaniculati , in  pluribus  cernui. 


L.  spectabile,  foliis  subternis  sparsisve  linearibus  subtrinerviis 
superioribus  margine  subtomentosis,  pedunculis  tomentosis, 
corollis  erectis  intus  scabris.  Link  enum.  1.  p.  321. 

Lilium  pensylvanicum.  Ker  Bot.  Mag.  872.  non  Pursh. 
Lilium  dauricum.  Ker  Bot.  Mag.  1210.  in  note.  Hort.  sub. 
lond . p.  68. 


Stem  erect,  from  1 to  2 feet  in  height.  Leaves  ternate, 
or  scattered,  linearly  lanceolate,  acute,  faintly  3-nerved, 
striate;  lower  ones  smooth  and  glossy,  upper  ones 
slightly  tomentose,  particularly  the  margins,  which  are 
fringed  with  wool.  Flowers  terminal,  from  1 to  6,  in 
our  specimen  the  latter  number,  umbellate,  of  an  orange 
colour.  Peduncles  unequal  in  length,  densely  tomen- 
tose, often  1-leaved.  Perianthium  6-leaved;  leaflets 
between  ovate  and  lanceolate,  gradually  attenuated  to 
the  base  and  point,  in  which  it  differs  from  L.  bulbiferumy 
L.  croceum,  &c.  inside  rough,  warted,  and  spotted 
with  black  or  dark  purple.  Stamens  6;  filaments 
smooth,  purple,  attached  to  the  base  of  the  perian- 
thium, and  joined  to  the  back  of  the  anther.  Style 


purple,  3-channelled,  thickened  upwards.  Stigma 
clubbed,  3-sulcate. 

We  have  adopted  the  name  of  Professor  Link  for  the 
present  species,  the  other  names  by  which  it  has  been 
already  published,  tending  only  to  confuse ; the  pre- 
sent is  the  name  adopted  in  the  continental  gardens, 
from  whence  we  have  often  received  seeds  of  it.  But 
this  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  L.  spectabile  of 
Mr.  Salisbury,  which  is  the  L.  Catesbcei  of  other 
authors. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a plant  at  the  Apothe- 
caries’ Company’s  Garden,  at  Chelsea,  in  July  last, 
where  it  was  growing  very  strong  in  the  open  border. 
It  is  quite  hardy,  and  thrives  well  in  the  common 
garden  soil,  flowering  the  latter  end  of  June,  or  the 
beginning  of  July.  It  increases  pretty  freely  by  offsets 
from  the  bulbs  ; and  it  also  ripens  seeds,  which  should 
be  sown  as  soon  as  gathered,  as  they  then  vegetate 
immediately.  The  L.  croceum  of  Loddiges’  Botanical 
Cabinet,  is  nearly  allied  to  our  plant,  judging  from  the 
figure,  but  we  think  it  is  certainly  distinct,  and  also 
from  the  L.  croceum  of  Link. 


1.  One  of  the  Stamens  attached  to  the  base  of  one  of  the  leaflets  of  the 
Perianthium.  2.  Germens,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


. 


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. 


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76 


SCHIZANTHUS  porrigens. 

Spreading  Schizanthus. 


Natural  Order.  Scrophularin^e,  Brown  prodr.  433. 
Sect.  I.  Stamina  duo  antherifera.  Capsula  bilocularis. 
SCHIZANTHUS.  Supra  fol.  63. 


S.  porrigens , caule  ramoso  diffuso,  foliis  inferioribus  interrupte 
pinnatis : foliolis  oblongo-lanceolatis  obtusis  inciso-dentatis 
integerrimisve : superioribus  oblongo-ovatis  inciso-dentatis 
utrinque  hirsutis,  floribus  paniculatis,  racemis  secundis. 

Schizanthus  porrigens.  Hooker  exot.  flor.  t.  86. 


Annual.  Stem  a foot  to  18  inches  in  height,  much 
branched,  spreading  in  all  directions  ; branches  slender, 
thickly  clothed  with  villous  unequal  spreading  hairs, 
each  tipped  with  a gland.  Leaves  thickly  clothed 
with  short  hairs  on  both  sides ; lower  ones  interruptedly 
pinnate ; leaflets  oblong,  obtuse,  deeply  toothed  with 
blunt  teeth,  and  smaller  leaflets  intermixed  ; middle 
leaves  pinnate ; leaflets  alternate,  lanceolate,  bluntish, 
generally  entire;  upper  leaves  entire,  oblong-ovate, 
more  or  less  cut  or  toothed.  Flowers  panicled  ; race- 
mes secund,  several -flowered.  Bractes  2 at  the  base 
of  the  pedicles,  oblong,  obtuse,  equal  in  size,  or  some- 
times one  larger  than  the  other.  Pedicles  slender, 
nodding,  thickly  clothed  with  villous  glandular  hairs, 
as  is  the  calyx.  Calyx  5-parted  nearly  to  the  base, 
segments  unequal,  spatulate,  obtuse,  fringed,  the  lower 
one  much  the  longest.  Corolla  irregular;  upper  lip 
5-cleft,  side  laciniae  forked,  the  lower  ones  pale  rose 
colour,  middle  ones  lighter,  with  a purple  spot  on  each 


of  the  upper  segments ; upper  one  oblong,  entire,  yel- 
low at  the  base,  with  a purple  spot  on  each  side,  and 
numerous  smaller  ones  between  them  and  the  base; 
lower  lip  3-parted,  rose-coloured,  outer  laciniae  falcate, 
lapping  over  each  other  at  the  points,  which  are  spa- 
tulately  rounded ; middle  one  obcordate,  concave, 
connivent,  enclosing  the  stamens,  which  are  elastic,  and 
spring  upwards  as  soon  as  touched.  Stamens  4,  in- 
serted in  the  mouth,  2 barren  and  2 fertile,  with  the 
rudiment  of  a fifth  inserted  in  the  lower  lip ; barren 
filaments  densely  bearded,  and  terminated  by  barren 
anthers ; fertile  ones  longer,  hairy  at  the  base,  and 
smooth  upwards ; anthers  inserted  a little  above  their 
base,  2-celled,  discharging  their  ash-coloured  pollen 
by  the  spring  of  the  filament.  Germen  smooth.  Style 
smooth,  longer  than  the  stamens.  Stigma  a simple 
point. 

This  beautiful  annual  was  introduced  from  South 
America,  at  the  same  time  as  S.  pinnata , foL  63.  We, 
with  Dr.  Hooker,  believe  it  to  be  a distinct  species,  as 
it  is  quite  different  in  habit,  and  the  differences  remain 
true  from  seed.  The  present  is  the  most  beautiful  of 
the  two,  and  it  requires  precisely  the  same  treatment 
as  the  other ; we  have  seen  some  plants  cultivated  in 
peat  soil,  and  others  in  the  common  ground,  the  latter 
succeeded  best ; several  of  those  in  the  peat  died  off 
while  in  full  bloom. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Messrs. 
Whitley,  Brames,  and  Milne,  at  Fulham,  where  plants 
of  both  species  were  grown  together  in  the  borders, 
and  the  differences  were  seen  to  advantage. 


1.  Calyx,  showing  the  unequal  segments.  2.  Upper  lip  of  the  Corolla,  with 
the  2 barren  Stamens  attached  to  it  at  the  base.  3.  Lower  lip  of  ditto,  show- 
ing the  situation  of  the  2 fertile  Stamens.  4.  Side  view  of  the  lower  lip,  to 
show  the  rudiment  of  a fifth.  Stamen.  5.  The  2 barren  Stamens  detached, 
showing  their  termination  with  imperfect  Anthers.  6.  Style. 


. 


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■ 


. 


77 


£ Jjalttm.  ■lit 


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.jja+lty  vn  lji 


77 


SCHIVERECKIA  podolica. 

Canes  cent  Sc /liver  eckia. 


Natural  Order . Crucifers.  DC.  Syst.  nat.  2.  p.  139. 

Subordo  I.  PLEURORHIZEJE . Supra  fol.  46. 

Tribus  II.  ALYSSINEJE  seu  PLEURORHIZEJE  LATISEPTJE. 

Silicula  longitudinaliter  dehiscens,  septo  lato  ovali  membra- 
naceo,  valvis  planis  aut  concavis.  Semina  compressa,  saepe 
marginata.  Cotyledones  planae,  accumbentes,  septo  parallelae. 
DC.  p . 147. 

SCHIVERECKIA.  Calyx  basi  aequalis,  laxiusculus.  Pe- 
tala  obovato-oblonga.  Stamina  2 breviora  filiformia,  4 mem- 
branacea  dente  aucta.  Silicula  ovata,  valvis  convexis  medio 
longitudinaliter  depressis  solidiusculis  obtusis ; stylo  brevi ; 
stigmate  capitellato.  Semina  in  quoque  loculo  8-10,  biseriata, 
subcompressa,  immarginata.  Cotyledones  elliptical,  accum- 
bentes. 

Herba  perennis.  Alyssum  aut  Drabam  habitu  refer ens , pube 
stellata  velutino-canescens.  Folia  radicalia  rosulata  ovali - 
oblonga  dentata : caulina  pauca  sessilia  amplexicaulia.  Racemi 
terminales . Pedicelli  fliformest  ebracteati.  Flores  albi. 
Ovaria  et  Siliculae  pube  brevi  molli  cano-velutina . DC.  loc.  cit . 
p . 300. 


Scbivereckia  podolica.  DC.  loc.  cit.  Prodr.  1.  p.  160.  Deless. 

ic.  sel.  2.  i.  36.  Link  enum.  2.  p.  157. 

Alyssum  podolicum.  Bess.  cat.  h.  Crem.  1816.  p.  8. 


Perennial , tufted.  Stems  short,  suffruticose  at  the 
base.  Leaves  rosulate,  tufted,  oval  or  oblong,  obtuse, 
more  or  less  toothed,  stellately  canescent ; stem  ones 
few,  short,  sessile,  clasping  the  stalk.  Flower-stalks 
densely  clothed  with  a short  white  pubescence.  Ra- 
cemes terminal,  at  first  in  a dense  corymbus,  afterwards 

x 


lengthening  out.  Pedicles  filiform,  without  bractes, 
2 or  3 times  longer  than  the  calyx.  Calyx  of  4 short 
sepals,  equal  at  the  base,  lax,  concave,  blunt,  stellately 
canescent.  Petals  4,  white,  obovately  oblong,  entire, 
about  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx.  Stamens  6, 

2 rather  shorter  than  the  others,  filiform  ; 4 longer  ones, 
membranaceous,  toothed.  Silicle  ovate,  densely 
clothed  with  short  soft  white  down.  Style  short, 
pubescent.  Stigma  capitate. 

This  pretty  little  Alpine  plant  has  been  lately  intro- 
duced to  our  collections,  and  we  believe  was  first 
raised  from  seed  by  Mr.  William  Anderson,  at  the 
Apothecaries’  Company’s  Garden,  at  Chelsea,  about 

3 years  back,  and  from  a plant  received  from  him  our 
drawing  and  description  were  taken.  It  is  well 
adapted  for  the  ornamenting  of  rock-work,  or  for 
planting  on  a sloping  ground  in  a dryish  situation,  as 
it  is  more  liable  to  be  injured  by  too  much  moisture, 
than  it  is  from  cold  ; for  being  a native  of  Poland  and 
Siberia,  it  is  quite  hardy.  It  may  also  be  cultivated 
with  advantage  in  small  pots  with  other  dwarf  growing 
Alpine  plants ; but  care  must  be  taken  to  keep  it  from 
the  slugs  and  snails,  which  are  very  fond  of  it.  It 
succeeds  best  in  a light  sandy  soil,  and  if  grown  in 
pots,  may  be  planted  in  an  equal  mixture  of  soft  loam, 
peat,  and  sand.  It  strikes  readily  from  cuttings 
planted  under  hand-glasses,  and  may  also  be  raised 
from  seeds,  which  ripen  plentifully;  those  may  be 
sown  as  soon  as  ripe,  the  plants  will  then  come  up 
directly,  and  will  flower  the  next  Summer;  if  sown  in 
Spring,  the  plants  will  seldom  flower  till  the  following 
season. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  One  of  the  petals.  3.  The  G Stamens,  showing  the  2 short 
filiform  filaments,  and  the  4 longer  membranaceous  toothed  ones.  4.  Stamen 
detached.  5.  Silicle,  or  pod,  terminated  by  its  short  Style,  and  small  capitate 
Stigma. 


& ^Dalton/  del* 


iy  jrfyeed 


ffydae-a-  Oct  1 182-1* 


Jt  Acuity  ^culy 


78 


TULIPA  pubescens. 

Pubescent-stalked  Tulip. 


Natural  Order . TuLiPACEiE.  Kunth.  Synops.  1.  p.  292. 

TULIPA.  Perianthium  6-phylIum,  petaloideum,  campa- 
nulatum  ; foliola  recta  non  nectarifera.  Stamina  6,  basi  folio- 
lorum  inserta.  Anther  re  posticse.  Stylus  0 ; stigma  sessile. 
Capsula  oblonga,  obtuse  trigona ; semina  plana. 

Folia  vaginantia  radicalia ; scapus  1 -florus  erectusf  pene 
aphylhis.  Juss.  gen.  48. 


T.  pubescens , scapo  pubescente,  perianthii  foliolis  tribus  exte- 
rioribus  acutis  interioribus  obtusis  mucronatis,  foliis  oblongo- 
lanceolatis  venosis  utrinque  pubescentibus. 

Tulipa  pubescens.  Willd.  enum.  supp.  17. 

Tulipa  suaveolens  /3  latifolia.  Botan.  magaz.  2388. 


Root  bulbous,  about  the  size  of  a walnut,  clothed 
with  a smooth  brown  scale,  and  terminated  at  the  base 
with  a dense  fascicle  of  small  white  fibres.  Leaves 
clasping  the  stem,  a little  waved,  strongly  veined,  and 
densely  clothed  on  both  sides  with  a short  close  mealy 
pubescence;  lower  ones  oblong,  acute;  upper  ones 
lanceolate,  taper-pointed.  Scape  densely  clothed  with 
a white  mealy  pubescence,  shorter  than  the  leaves 
when  the  flowers  first  expand,  but  afterwards  lengthen- 
ing beyond  them.  Perianthium  of  6 leaflets,  various 
in  colour,  3 outer  ones  acute,  inner  ones  obtuse,  all 
mucronate.  Stamens  6,  inserted  in  the  base  of  the 
leaflets ; filaments  flat,  channelled  on  the  inner  side, 
and  convex  on  the  outer,  slightly  pubescent;  anthers 
joined  to  the  filaments  at  their  back,  about  the  same 
length,  linear,  acute.  Germen  obtusely-trigonal,  about 

x 2 


the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  3-lobed,  sessile^ 
double  crested,  waved,  deeply  channelled,  and  fringed 
round  the  edges. 

We  agree  with  Willdenow  in  considering  the  broad 
leaved  pubescent  Tulip  as  a distinct  species,  both  from 
T.  suaveolens  and  T.  Gesneriana ; perhaps  it  is  hybrid 
between  the  two,  as  it  is  as  near  as  possible  interme- 
diate. Like  the  latter  species  it  varies  in  colour, 
scarcely  any  two  being  exactly  alike;  and  they  are 
distinguished  by  different  names  by  the  Florists,  as 
the  Clarimond , Bruids  van  Haarlem , Red  and 
Yellow  Pottebakker , fyc.  It  agrees  with  T.  suaveolens 
in  its  pubescent  stem,  but  its  habit  is  more  like  T.  Ges- 
neriana; the  time  of  flowering  is  between  the  two. 
At  any  rate  they  are  very  ornamental  plants  for  the 
Flower-garden,  and  require  the  same  treatment  as  the 
more  common  species,  succeeding  well  in  a light  rich 
soil ; they  are  also  very  proper  for  forcing  in  pots,  as 
they  come  in  flower  early,  so  that  they  force  well ; as 
soon  as  they  have  done  flowering,  and  the  leaves  are 
beginning  to  fade,  the  bulbs  should  be  taken  out  of  the 
ground,  and  kept  dry  till  Spring. 


1.  One  of  the  Stamens,  with  the  filament  joined  to  the  back  of  the  anther. 
2.  Filament  separated  from  the  anther.  3.  Anther  divested  of  the  filament. 
4.  Germen  terminated  by  the  3*lobed  Stigma. 


' 


' 


* 

■\ 


Oa-U-yn.  jfinOjOs  duO 


•&*, 


Oct 


79 


ANTHYLLIS  montana. 


Mountain  Kidney-vetch. 


Natural  Order.  LEGUMiNoSiE.  Juss.  gen.  345. 

Div.  V.  ( PAPILIONACEJE.)  Corolla  irregularis  papilio- 
nacea.  Stamina  decern  diadelpha.  Legumen  uniloculare  bi- 
valve. 

ANTHYLLIS.  Calyx  ventricosus  5-dentatus  inaequalis 
persistens.  Corolla  vexillum  alis  et  carina  longius.  Stamina 
basi  monadelpha.  Legumen  parvum  1-3-spermum,  calyce  tec- 
tum. Caulis  in  Vulneraria  T.  herbaceus,  in  cceteris  frutescens, 
ramis  Erinaceae  numerosis  suboppositis  apice  pungentibus ; hujus 
folia  simplicia,  caterarum  ternata  aut  sapius  impari-pinnata ; 
stipula  in  plurimis  ima  petiola  adnatce , in  paucis  subnulla; 
pedunculi  glomeratim  multijlori,  axillares  aut  scepius  terminates. 
Hiic  refert  D.  Lamarck  Ebenum  L .ab  Ebeno  ligno  diversissimum, 
cui  calyx  5-aristaius  aristis  plumosis  corolla  pauld  longioribus , 
alee  minima , semen  1 villosum,  ccetera  Anthyllidibus  frutescen- 
tibus  similia.  Juss.  gen.  355. 


A.  montanat  herbacea,  foliis  pinnatis  aequalibus,  capitulo  ter- 
minali  secundo,  floribus  obliquatis.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3. 
p. 1014. 

Anthyllis  montana.  Jacq.  austr.  3.  p.  17.  t.  334.  Pers.syn.  2. 
p.  292.  Lam.  ill.  t.  615.  /.  5.  Hort.  Kew . ed.  2.  v.  4.  p.  282. 


Perennial.  Stems  numerous,  prostrate,  much 
branched  ; branches  short,  ascending,  villous.  Leaves 
pinnate,  canescent,  thickly  clothed  with  soft  white 
villous  hairs;  leaflets  16  to  30,  opposite,  lanceolate, 
acute,  broad  at  the  base,  terminal  one  broadest,  obovate. 
Petioles  channelled  on  the  upper  side,  and  convex  on 
the  lower.  Stipules  connected  to  the  base,  and  form- 
ing a part  of  the  petioles.  Peduncles  cylindrical, 


villous,  as  are  the  bractes  and  calyx.  Flowers  in  a close 
secund  head,  pale  red,  veined  with  purple.  Involucre 
of  numerous  lanceolate  or  oblong  bluntish  bractes. 
Pedicles  very  short  and  slender,  hairy.  Calyx  slightly 
ventricose,  5-toothed,  persistent ; teeth  unequal,  subu- 
late, bearded.  Corolla  papilionaceous  ; vexillum  large, 
obovate,  much  longer  than  the  wings  and  keel,  eared 
just  above  the  unguis.  Stamens  10,  all  connected  at 
the  base;  filaments  smooth.  Pollen  pale  yellow,  gra- 
nular. Germen  and  Style  smooth.  Stigma  capitate. 

Our  drawing  of  this  beautiful  plant  was  taken  from 
a fine  specimen  growing  in  the  open  border,  at  the 
garden  belonging  to  the  Apothecaries’  Company,  at 
Chelsea,  in  June  last.  It  is  quite  hardy,  and  a proper 
plant  for  the  front  of  flower-borders,  as  it  seldom  ex- 
ceeds 6 inches  in  height;  but  its  branches  spread 
round  to  a considerable  distance.  It  is  also  a pretty 
plant  for  ornamenting  rock-work,  thriving  well  in  any 
light  sandy  soil. 

A native  of  different  parts  of  Europe,  in  the  more 
southern  districts,  and  chiefly  found  in  mountainous 
situations.  It  may  be  cultivated  with  advantage  in  a 
smallish  size  pot,  but  requires  a plentiful  supply  of 
water  in  warm  weather.  The  best  method  of  increase 
is  by  dividing  at  the  root,  or  by  seeds,  which  sometimes 
ripen  plentifully.  Cuttings  may  also  be  rooted  under 
common  hand-glasses ; but  they  must  be  planted 
thinly,  or  they  will  be  liable  to  damp. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Vexillum.  3.  3.  The  2 alee,  or  wings.  4.  Carina,  or  Keel. 
5.  Stamens  spread  open,  to  show  that  the  filaments  are  united  in  a tube  at  the 
base,  and  the  points  distinct.  6.  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma. 


' 

S Stilton,  j/rrut/u  ded 


Iry  JL 


jfl  JlaiJ&y  * -tulip’ 


o*jb " i.  mu 


80 


CYPRIPEDIUM  parviflorurn. 


Small-flowered  Ladies'  Slipper. 


Natural  Order . Orchide^e.  Brown  prodr.  309. 
CYPRIPEDIUM.  Supra  fol.  71. 


C.  parviflorurn , caule  folioso,  lobo  styli  triangulari  acuto, 
perianthii  foliolis  exterioribus  ovato-lanceolatis  acuminatis : 
interioribus  linearibus  contortis  basi  intus  dense  barbatis, 
labello  subsulcato  foliolis  breviore  compresso. 

Cypripedium  parviflorurn.  Pers.  syn.2.  p.  525.  Botan.magaz. 
911.  Pursh.  fl.  amer.  2.  p.  594.  Hort . Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  5. 
p.  221.  Salisb . in  Linn,  trans.  1.  p.  77.  t.  2.  f.  2.  Willden . 
sp.  pi.  4.  p.  143. 


Stem  flexuose,  striated , pubescent.  Leaves  5 or  6, 
of  a thin  texture,  alternate,  sessile,  clasping  the  stern 
at  the  base,  spreading,  their  points  a little  twisted  and 
recurved,  oblongly  lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  longitudi- 
nally nerved  and  plaited,  furrowed  on  the  upper  side, 
downy.  Flower  solitary,  nodding.  Peduncle  scarcely 
as  long  as  the  leaf,  densely  pubescent.  Bracte  1,  a 
little  below  the  germen,  leaf-like,  lanceolate,  taper- 
pointed,  twisted,  a little  longer  than  the  leaflets  of  the 
perianthium.  Pedicle  very  short,  enclosed  in  the 
bracte.  Germen  angular,  not  twisted,  densely  pube- 
scent. Leaflets  of  the  Perianthium  of  a yellowish 
green,  marked  with  numerous  brown  spots  and  lines  : 
2 outer  ones  ovately  lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  the  upper 
one  erect,  twisted,  lower  one  straight,  dependent, 
shorter  than  the  labellum;  inner  ones  longer,  linear- 
attenuated,  spreading,  slightly  deflexed,  much  twisted, 
point  bluntish,  densely  bearded  inside  with  long  white 


hairs  at  the  base,  and  a considerable  way  np,  outside 
pubescent.  Labellum  yellow,  smooth  outside  and 
marked  with  a few  purplish  stripes,  the  mouth  edged 
with  purple ; inside  beautifully  spotted  in  circular  lines, 
bearded  at  the  base.  Column  lobe  broadly  sagittate, 
entire,  bluntish,  smooth  on  both  sides,  channelled  on 
the  upper  side  and  concave  near  the  point,  keeled 
underneath,  the  keel  channelled,  yellow,  the  edges 
spotted  with  brown  purple.  Style  pale  yellow  ; middle 
lobe  triangular,  with  a hollow  round  point ; side  lobes 
lanceolate,  scarcely  acute,  terminating  beyond  the 
anthers.  Anthers  2,  nearly  orbicular,  attached  to  the 
side  lobes  of  the  style.  Pollen  waxy,  yellow. 

The  present  plant  is  a native  of  North  America, 
growing,  according  to  Pursh,  in  shady  fertile  woods, 
from  New  Jersey  to  Carolina.  The  specimen  from 
which  our  drawing  was  taken,  was  received  by  Mr. 
Colvill,  last  Autumn,  from  North  America,  and  was 
cultivated  in  a pot ; the  soil  was  a light  red  sandy  loam. 
Our  plants  flowered  from  the  beginning  to  about  the 
middle  of  May,  earlier  than  C.  pubescens , which  we 
published  in  a former  number.  We  have  seen  plants 
of  this  genus  thriving  very  well  when  planted  out  in  a 
pit,  in  a rich  sandy  soil,  and  occasionally  covered  with 
the  lights,  in  wet  weather,  at  the  time  that  the  plants 
were  dormant;  we  have  no  doubt  but  the  greater  part 
of  the  family  to  which  they  belong  would  succeed 
well,  managed  in  that  way,  as  they  generally  suffer 
most  from  moisture  when  in  a dormant  state. 


1.  Labellum  cut  open,  to  show  the  spots  and  bearding  inside.  2.  Front  view 
of  the  column  lobe,  with  the  upper  lobes  of  the  style  attached  to  it.  3.  Back 
view  of  ditto,  showing  its  hollow  keel.  4.  The  lower  lobe  of  the  Style.  5.  Back 
view  of  ditto.  6.  6.  The  2 Anthers  attached  to  the  side  lobes  of  the  Style,  the 
points  terminating  beyond  them. 


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81 


MALVA  mauritiana. 

Ivy-leaved  Mallow. 


Natural  Order.  Malvacea.  DC.  prodr.  1.  p.  429. 

Div.  I.  Calyx  duplex  seu  involucro  cinctus . 

MALVA.  Calyx  5-fidus,  3-rarius  1-2-4-bracteatus,  per- 
sisted. Petala  5,  hypogyna,  sequalia,  patentia.  Stamina 
crebra,  monadelpha;  tubo  stamineo  unguibus  petalorum  adnato. 
Anther ce  reniformes,  uniloculares.  Ovarium  superum,  poly- 
coccum ; coccis  1,  rarissime  2-4-spermis  vel  dissipimento 
transverso  spurio  in  duos  divisis  loculos  1-spermos.  Styli  tot 
quot  cocca.  Stigmata  capitellata.  Capsula  polycocca  ; coccis 
1-spermis,  rarissime  2-4-spermis  vel  in  duos  divisis  loculos 
monospermos  dissipimento  (spurio)  transverso,  e dorso  cocci 
orto  ibique  affixo,  reliqua  parte  libero.  Radicula  in  monospermis 
infera.  Herbae,  suffrutices  aut  frutices,  rarius  arbusculae. 
Folia  alternaf  integra  aut  scepissime  angulata , lobata  vel  digitato- 
partita.  Stipulae  petiolares  gemince.  Pedunculi  axillares, 
uniflori,  solitarii,  gemini  vel  pluresf  inter dum  bi-multijlori ; in 
nonnullis  jlores  spicati  vel  racemosi  terminates , aut  in  axillis 
conglomerati . Corollae  miniatce,  purpurecey  violacece,  ccerulece, 
rosece,  carnece,  albce  vel flavee . Kunth.  Synops.  3.  p.  247. 

Sect.  I.  Malvastrum.  Carpella  1-locularis  1-sperma. 
DC.  1.  c.  p.  430. 

§.  5.  Fasciculatae,  floribus  purpurascentibus  aut  albistfoliis 
angulatis  cordatis  5-nerviis,  pedicellis  axillaribus  plurimis  1-Jloris, 
calyce  exterior e 3-phyllo , caule  herbaceo.  DC.  1.  c.  p.  432. 


M.  mauritiana,  caule  erecto,  foliis  5-lobatis  obtusis,  pedicellis 
petiolisque  glabriusculis  aut  ad  latus  superius  tomentosis. 
DC.  prodr.  1.  p.  432. 

Malva  mauritiana.  Cav.  diss.  2.  p.  77.  t.  25.  /.  2.  Willden . 
sp.  pi.  3.  p.  787.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  251.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2. 
v.  4.  p.  216. 


Annual.  Stem  smooth,  erect,  3 to  5 feet  high, 
branched  at  the  base.  Leaves  large,  glossy,  rugose, 
5-lobed,  obtuse,  unequally  toothed  with  large  blunt 
teeth,  entire  at  the  base,  underneath  strongly  5-nerved, 

Y 


nerves  branched,  slightly  hairy.  Petioles  flattened 
and  furrowed  on  the  upper  side,  densely  tomentose ; 
nearly  smooth  and  rounded  underneath,  a little 
widened  at  the  base,  gradually  tapering  upwards. 
Stipules  ovate  or  lanceolate,  acute,  membranaceous. 
Flowers  axillary,  numerous,  fasciculate.  Peduncles 
slender,  slightly  hairy,  many  times  shorter  than  the 
petiole.  Calyx  double ; outer  one  or  involucre  3-leaved, 
leaflets  oblong,  obtuse,  many-nerved  ; inner  one  salver- 
shaped, 5-cleft,  segments  bluntly  rounded,  pubescent, 
reticulately  veined.  Corolla  of  5 petals,  spreading, 
obcordate,  narrow  and  bearded  at  the  base,  5-nerved, 
of  a bright  purple,  darkest  near  the  base,  nerves  dark 
purple.  Stamens  numerous,  connected  in  a tube,  and 
distinct  at  the  points,  tube  thickly  clothed  with  short 
hairs,  points  smooth,  fasciculate,  spreading ; anthers 
reniform.  Carpella  many,  connected  in  a circular 
capsule,  rugged,  each  1-seeded.  Seeds  smooth  and 
shining. 

A stately  and  very  handsome  hardy  annual,  requir- 
ing only  to  be  sown  in  the  open  ground,  in  the  com- 
mon garden  soil,  where  it  will  continue  to  bloom  till 
late  in  Autumn,  and  ripen  abundance  of  seeds ; the 
best  time  for  sowing  them  is  the  beginning  of  March, 
if  the  weather  prove  favourable ; and  as  they  are  of 
large  growth,  the  plants  should  be  at  least  9 inches  or 
a foot  apart ; they  will  otherwise  crowd  each  other, 
and  will  not  be  near  so  fine.  > 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
in  August  last. 

1.  The  outer  Calyx  of  3 bracte-like  Sepals.  2.  The  inner  5-cleft  Calyx, 
showing  part  of  the  Capsule,  or  seed-vessel.  3.  Petal,  showing  its  bearded 
base.  4.  Stamens,  showing  the  hairy  tube  and  spreading  points,  with  their  kid- 
ney shaped  anthers.  5.  Style  and  Stigmas.  6.  Seed-vessel.  7.  Seed. 


£ J)^ilteru  J-rruitb  cLti  Ly  Jt  ^Vov  / /B21, 


J0  ^Srulcy  AC 


82 


RUDBECKIA  hirta. 


Great  Hairy  Rudbeckia. 


Natural  Order . Composite.  Adanson  fam.  2.  103. 
RUDBECKIA . Supra  fol  4. 


R.  hirta,  hirsutissima,  caulibus  subramosis ; ramis  unifloris, 
pedunculo  nudo,  foliis  ovato-spathulatis  triplinervibus  serratis 
hirtis,  involucrum  foliaceum  radium  subaequante,  disco  coni- 
co,  paleis  lanceolatis. 

Rudbeckia  hirta.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  3.  p . 2248.  Pers . syn . 2. 
p.  477.  Pursh  fl.  amer.  sept . 2.  p . 574.  Hor£.  Xew?.  ed.  2. 
v.  5.  131. 


Stems  erect,  branching  from  the  base,  thickly  clothed 
with  long  spreading  white  hairs,  as  are  the  leaves, 
peduncles,  and  involucrum.  Branches  erect,  purple 
at  the  base,  generally  1 -flowered.  Leaves  ovately- 
spatulate,  attenuated  at  the  base,  sessile,  slightly  ser- 
rate, bluntish,  triplinerved,  the  nerves  branching. 
Peduncles  long,  erect,  angular,  and  furrowed  with 
numerous  channels,  naked,  or  sometimes  bearing  a 
leaf,  hispidly  hairy.  Involucre  many-leaved  ; leaflets 
spreading,  or  reflexed,  unequal  in  length,  lanceolate, 
bluntish,  hispidly  hairy,  some  of  them  nearly  the  length 
of  the  rays.  Receptacle  conical,  paleaceous.  Chaff 
lanceolate,  acute,  tipped  with  purple,  scarcely  as  long 
as  the  florets.  Rays  numerous,  barren,  ligulate,  the 
points  2 or  3-toothed,  strongly  nerved  underneath,  of 
a deep  yellow  colour,  at  the  base  is  the  rudiments  of 
2 hair-like  stigmas.  Florets  of  the  disk  numerous, 
dark  brown,  tubular,  5-toothed.  Stamens  5,  filaments 

y 2 


smooth,  distinct ; anthers  connected  into  a tube,  ex- 
serted ; pollen  bright  yellow.  Style  smooth,  about 
the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigmas  2,  purple,  spread- 
ing. 

The  present  handsome  plant  is  often  confounded 
with  R.  fulgicla  in  our  collections,  but  is  a very  dis- 
tinct species,  and  not  so  easily  kept  in  good  health  as 
that,  being  very  apt  to  die  off  in  Winter,  owing,  we 
apprehend,  to  the  variableness  of  our  climate,  as  it 
thrives  exceedingly  well  in  Summer,  and  produces 
abundance  of  flowers,  though  it  seldom  ripens  its 
seeds ; we  have  succeeded  very  well  in  raising  it  from 
cuttings,  by  taking  off  the  young  shoots  and  planting 
them  under  a common  hand-glass,  where  they  rooted 
in  a very  short  time,  and  made  strong  plants  the  same 
season.  Pursh  marks  it  as  a biennial,  and  mentions 
it  as  growing  on  the  mountains,  from  Virginia  to  Flori- 
da, flowering  from  July  to  September.  We  have  no 
doubt  of  its  being  strictly  perennial,  but  very  liable  to 
rot  off  in  Winter  if  grown  in  too  moist  a situation;  we 
therefore  recommend  its  being  planted  in  a dry  border 
of  rich  light  earth ; and  it  is  also  well  to  have  some 
plants  of  it  in  pots,  which  can  be  protected  in  frames 
in  Winter,  if  the  weather  be  very  severe  or  very  wet, 
they  can  then  be  turned  into  the  borders  in  Spring. 
It  seldom  exceeds  a foot  in  height,  and  is,  therefore, 
an  ornamental  plant  for  the  front  borders  of  the  flower 
garden. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  in  August  last. 

1.  Capitulum  cut  through  the  middle,  to  show  the  conical  chaffy  receptacle. 
2.  Scale  of  the  chaff.  3.  One  of  the  Rays.  4.  Floret  of  the  disk.  5.  The 
same  spread  open,  to  show  the  nerves.  6.  Stamens,  showing  the  distinct  fila* 
ments  and  united  anthers.  7.  Seed,  terminated  by  the  Style  and  2 spreading 
Stigmas. 


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83 


DATURA  Tatula. 

Pale  Blue  Thorn-Apple . 


Natural  Order.  Solane^e.  Brown  prodr.  443. 

Sect.  I.  Corolla  plicata.  Pericarpium  capsular e. 

DATURA.  Calyx  tubulosus,  basi  ventricosus,  caducus ; 
basi  orbiculari,  peltata,  persistente;  limbo  quinquefido,  saepe 
irregulari.  Corolla  infundibuliformis  ; limbo  plicato,  angulato, 
quinque-aut  decemdentato.  Stamina  5,  subinclusa.  Antherce 
longitudinaliter  dehiscentes.  Stylus  longitudine  staminum. 
Stigma  bilobum.  Capsula  semiquadrilocularis,  quadrivalvis, 
saepius  muricato-spinosa ; placentae  discretae.  Semina  crebra 
reniformia.  Herbae  virosce , rarius  arbuscula  aut  frutices . 
Folia  saepius  sinuato-angulata.  Flores  alares , solitarii , albi, 
violacei  aut  coccinei.  Kunth.  synops.  2.  p.  148. 

(1)  Corolla  limbo  quinquedentato ; dentibus  acuminato- 
elongatis ; staminibus  inclusis. 


D.  Tatula , caule  herbaceo  maculato,  foliis  ovatis  grosse  et 
argute  sinuato-dentatis  glabris  ; dentibus  corollae  acuminato- 
capillaeeis,  capsulis  muricato-spinosis  erectis.  Kunth. 
synops.  2.  p.  150. 

Datura  Tatula.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1008.  Pers.  syn.  1. 
p.  216.  Hort.  Kew . ed . 2.  v.l.  p . 387.  Meerb.  ic.  2.  1. 13. 


Annual , smooth.  Stem  erect,  from  a foot  to  18  inches 
in  height,  purple,  spotted  with  small  light  spots, 
branching;  branches  spreading,  purple,  also  spotted. 
Leaves  ovate,  acute,  lower  ones  cordate,  sinuate,  or 
deeply  and  sharply  toothed  ; upper  ones  oblique  at 
the  base,  nerves  purple.  Petioles  purple,  flattened 
and  furrowed  on  the  upper  side,  and  convex  on  the 
lower,  shorter  than  the  leaves.  Peduncles  short.  Calyx 
tubular,  ventricose  at  the  base  ; limb  5-toothed,  teeth 


unequal.  Corolla  funnel-form,  limb  plaited,  5-toothed, 
of  a pale  blue ; teeth  long,  taper-pointed.  Stamens  5, 
inserted  in  the  tube,  and  included  within  the  mouth ; 
filaments  slender,  joined  to  the  base  of  the  anthers. 
Style  smooth,  about  the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma 
slightly  2-lobed.  Capsule  erect,  spiny,  or  muricate, 
the  spines  unequal  in  length,  pungent.  Seeds  nume- 
rous, kidney-shaped,  black  and  rugged. 

The  plant  from  which  our  drawing  was  made,  was 
raised  from  seed  received  by  A.  B.  Lambert,  Esq.  from 
the  mountains  of  the  Caracas,  where  it  is  mentioned, 
by  the  noted  travellers,  Humboldt  and  Bonpland,  as 
growing  abundantly.  It  is  also  found  in  great  quan- 
tities in  many  other  countries ; or,  perhaps,  more  than 
one  species  is  confused.  Our  plant  agreed  exactly 
with  the  description  of  Kunth,  but  not  so  well  with  that 
by  other  authors.  It  is  a pretty  annual  plant,  and 
flowers  best  in  the  open  air,  attaining  the  height  of  a 
foot,  or  18  inches.  The  seeds  may  be  sown  in  Spring, 
either  under  hand-glasses,  or  on  a slight  hot-bed;  and  as 
soon  as  the  plants  are  a few  inches  high,  they  should 
be  planted  into  the  flower  borders  where  they  are  to 
remain;  a warm  border  of  rich  light  earth  will  suit 
them  best,  where  they  will  continue  to  bloom  till  late 
in  Autumn,  if  the  weather  continue  mild,  and  will 
ripen  plenty  of  seeds. 

1.  Calyx.  2.  Tube  of  the  Corolla  laid  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the 
stamens.  3.  Germen,  Style,  and  2-lobed  Stigma.  4.  Seed. 


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84 


OXYBAPHUS  Cervantesii. 

Cervantes'  Umbrella-  Wort. 


Natural  Order.  Nyctaginea:.  Kunth  Synops. 2.  p.  14. 

OXYBAPHUS.  Involucrum  monophyllum,  campanulatum, 
quinquefidum,  1-,  rarius  2-4-florum.  Perianthium,  corollaceum, 
infundibuliforme  ; limbo  quinquelobo.  Stamina  3 aut  4.  Ake- 
nium  basi  calycis  demum  indurata  apice  clausa  tectum,  involucro 
explanato  graudefacto  circumdatum. 

Herb®  superne  dichotomy.  Folia  opposita.  Flores  in  apice 
ramulorum  corymbosi.  Kunth  Synops.  2.  p.  15. 


O.  Cervantesii , caule  geniculato  rarnoso  diffuso,  foliis  cordatis 
obtusis  pubescentibus  margine  ciliatis,  floribus  paniculatis, 
involucris  villoso-viscosissimis  trifloris,  lobis  perianthii  emar- 
ginatis,  staminibus  perianthio  brevioribus. 


Perennial.  Roots  tuberous.  Stem  herbaceous,  much 
branched,  knotted  at  the  joints,  spreading  in  all  direc- 
tions; branches  of  a shining  purple,  bearded  at  the 
joints,  and  a villous  line  running  from  one  joint  to  the 
next,  alternate  with  the  leaves.  Leaves  opposite,  long- 
petioled,  cordate,  obtuse,  entire,  slightly  pubescent, 
the  margins  ciliated  with  short  hairs.  Petioles  slender, 
flattened  on  the  upper  side,  and  convex  on  the  lower, 
pubescent.  Flowers  panicled,  the  upper  part  of  the 
stem,  peduncles  and  involucres  villosely  viscous,  stick- 
ing to  every  thing  that  touches  them.  Peduncles 
slender,  erect  when  in  flower,  afterwards  drooping. 
Involucre  of  one  leaf,  peltate,  campanulate,  5-cleft, 
3-flowered  ; segments  unequal,  imbricate,  ovate,  acute, 
concave,  keeled.  Perianthium  funnel-form,  plaited, 


5-lobed,  of  a bright  pink  colour,  lobes  deeply  emargi- 
nate,  plicately  spreading.  Stamens  3,  inserted  in  the 
base  of  the  tube,  shorter  than  the  perianthium ; fila- 
ments smooth,  purple,  attached  to  the  back  of  the 
anthers,  which  are  2-celled,  and  burst  before  the 
flower  expands ; pollen  bright  yellow,  composed  of 
little  round  grains.  Style  smooth,  purple.  Stigma 
capitate,  fimbriate.  Seed  angular,  rugose. 

Our  drawing  of  this  plant  was  taken  at  the  Nursery 
of  Mr.  Colvill,  where  it  was  raised  from  seed  received 
from  Germany,  under  the  name  that  we  have  adopted. 
It  is  a native  of  South  America,  and  the  seeds  should 
be  sown  on  a hot-bed  in  Spring,  and  from  thence  be 
planted  either  in  the  open  ground,  or  in  pots,  in  the 
same  manner  as  Mirabilis , or  Marvel  of  Peru,  to 
which  it  is  nearly  related  ; and  like  it,  the  roots  require 
to  be  taken  up  in  Autumn,  and  to  be  kept  in  dry  earth, 
out  of  the  reach  of  frost,  till  Spring,  when  they  may 
again  be  planted  in  the  flower  borders ; a dry  warm 
border  of  rich  light  earth  suits  them  best,  where  they 
will  grow  to  the  height  of  18  inches,  and  will  continue 
to  flower  till  late  in  Autumn,  and  ripen  plenty  of  seeds. 


1.  Involucre  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  3 flowers,  or  seeds, 
the  middle  one  being  a ripe  seed.  2.  Perianthium.  3.  The  same  spread  open, 
showing  its  emarginate  segments.  4.  The  3 Stamens  inserted  in  the  base  of  the 
tube.  5.  Germen,  Style,  and  fimbriate  Stigma.  6.  Seed  cut  open,  to  show  its 
large  albumen  and  the  small  radicle  in  the  centre. 


8; 


jd 


85 


SARACHA  umbellata. 


U rnbel flowered  Saracha . 


Natural  Order.  Solan e je.  Juss.  gen.  p.  124. 

Sect.  II.  Fructus  baccatus. 

SARACHA.  Calyx  5-fidus.  Corolla  rotato-campanulata, 
5-fida.  Stamina  5 basi  corollae  inserta.  Stigma  capitatum. 
Bacca  subrotunda,  unilocularis.  Frutices  aut  herb®  caulescentes ; 
folia  saspiiis  geminata ,*  flores  extrti-axillares  subsolitarii  aut 
confetti . 


S.  umbellata , caule  erecto  herbaceo  ramosissimo  hirto,  foliis 
ovatis  rugosis  nitidis  acutis : floralibus  geminis,  umbellis  ax- 
illaribus  pedunculatis  cernuis,  floribus  plicatis,  filamentis 
basi  barbatis. 

Saracha  umbellata.  DC.  liort.  mosnp.  1813.  142.  Link  enum.  1. 

p.  180. 

Bellinia  umbellata.  Rcem . et  Schult.  syst . 4.  p.  684. 

Atropa  umbellata.  Jacq.  schocebr.  t.  493. 


Perennial.  Root  large,  tuberous.  Stem  erect,  hol- 
low, much  branched ; branches  spreading,  bluntly 
4-sided,  green  and  glossy,  or  slightly  tinged  with  pur- 
ple, slightly  hairy,  the  hairs  pellucid  and  recurved. 
Leaves  ovate,  acute,  rugose,  glossy,  margins  rough, 
generally  in  pairs.  Petioles  winged,  channelled  on 
the  upper  side,  and  rounded  on  the  lower.  Umbels 
3 to  5-flowered,  nodding.  Peduncle  short,  a little 
above  the  leaves,  generally  betwixt  the  two,  angular, 
sulcate,  very  hairy.  Pedicles  nodding,  angular,  sul- 
cate,  very  hairy,  scarcely  as  long  as  the  peduncles. 
Calyx  rotate,  5-cleft,  hairy,  purple  at  the  base ; seg- 
ments ovately-lanceolate,  concave,  bluntish,  keeled 

z 


at  the  back,  fringed.  Corolla  rotately-campanulate, 
plaited,  5-cleft,  of  a greenish  white  colour,  segments 
cordately  ovate,  taper-pointed,  spreading.  Stamens  5, 
inserted  in  the  base  of  the  corolla ; filaments  subulate, 
gibbous  and  bearded  at  the  base,  and  smooth  upwards; 
anthers  incumbent.  Germen  globular,  smooth  and 
glossy.  Style  smooth,  about  the  length  of  the  stamens. 
Stigma  capitate.  Berry  globular,  green  when  unripe, 
lighter  at  the  point,  where  it  is  crossed  by  2 white 
lines ; when  ripe,  of  a glossy  jet  black. 

Our  drawing  of  this  curious  plant  was  made  at  the 
Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  where  it  was  raised,  last  year, 
from  seed  received  from  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Berlin  ; 
some  of  the  plants  flowered  the  same  season,  but  not 
till  late  in  Autumn ; some  were  planted  in  the  open 
border,  where  the  roots,  this  year,  grew  to  a large  size, 
and  produced  numerous  branches,  which  attained  the 
height  of  18  inches  to  2 feet,  and  produced  abundance  of 
flowers  and  fruit.  It  is  a native  of  Peru,  but  appears 
to  be  quite  hardy ; as  some  of  the  roots  were  exposed 
to  all  last  Winter’s  frost,  in  small  pots,  without  receiv- 
ing the  least  injury.  Its  season  of  flowering  is  from  the 
beginning  of  July  till  the  end  of  September,  or  later,  if 
the  weather  prove  favourable.  It  succeeds  well  in  the 
common  garden  soil,  and  is  increased  by  dividing  the 
root,  or  by  seeds,  which  ripen  in  abundance. 


1.  Calyx  spread  open,  showing  the  Germen,  Style,  and  Stigma.  2.  Corolla 
spread  open,  showing  the  insertion  of  the  Stamens  at  the  base.  3.  Stamen 
detached,  showing  the  gibbous  bearded  base.  4.  Ripe  Berry. 


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IPOMCEA  barbigera. 

Bearded  calyxed  Ip  omasa. 


Natural  Order.  Convqlvulacea;.  Brown  prodr.  481. 
Sect.  I.  Ovarium  unicum. 

IPOMCEA . Calyx  5-partitus,  nudus.  Corolla  campanulala 
v.  infundibuliformis,  5-plicata.  Ovarium  2-3-loculare,  loculis 
dispermis.  Stylus  indivisus.  Stigma  capitatum,  2-3-lobum. 
Capsula  2-3-Iocularis. — Herbae  volubilest  quandoque  erectce. 
Folia  indivisa  v.  lobata,  nunc  pinnatijida.  Semina  in  quibus- 
dam  comosa . Brown  prodr.  484. 


I.  barbigera,  caule  volubili  retrorsum  pubescente,  foliis  late 
cordatis  acuminatis  integris  postice  rotundatis  utrinque  hir- 
sutis,  pedunculis  unifloris  petiolo  brevioribus  juxta  calycem 
bibracteatis,  laciniis  calycinis  acuminatis  patentibus  apice 
reflexis  basi  dense  barbatis. 


Annual . Stem  climbing,  more  or  less  branched, 
thickly  clothed  with  long  white  reflexed  hairs,  and 
shorter  ones  intermixed.  Leaves  broadly  cordate, 
taper-pointed,  entire,  rounded,  and  nearly  closed  at 
the  base,  hairy  on  both  sides,  reticulately  veined  under- 
neath. Petioles  deeply  channelled  on  the  upper  side, 
and  rounded  on  the  lower,  thickly  clothed  with  un- 
equal reflexed  hairs.  Peduncles  1-flowered,  shorter 
than  the  petioles,  slender,  and  smooth  at  the  base,  of 
a dark  purple,  the  upper  part  green,  thickened  and 
hairy.  Bractes  2,  at  the  base  of  the  calyx,  linear, 
taper-pointed,  spreading,  very  hairy.  Calyx  5-parted  ; 
segments  nearly  equal  in  length,  keeled  at  the  back, 
densely  bearded  at  the  base,  with  long  spreading  white 
hairs,  each  seated  on  a gland  ; points  long  and  taper, 
spreading,  slightly  reflexed ; inner  segments  rather 

z 2 


narrower  than  the  outer  ones.  Corolla  between  cam- 
panulate  and  funnel-form,  5-lobed,  slightly  crenulate, 
limb  of  a bright  azure  blue ; tube  pale,  or  nearly  white. 
Stamens  5,  unequal  in  length,  inserted  in  the  tube  a 
little  above  the  base ; filaments  densely  bearded  near 
the  base,  and  smooth  at  the  points  ; anthers  sagittate, 
joined  by  their  base  to  the  filaments,  2-celled,  bursting 
in  front  to  discharge  the  pollen,  which  is  composed  of 
small  globular  white  grains.  Style  quite  smooth,  about 
the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stigma  capitate,  scarcely 
lobedr  papillose.  Capsule  smooth,  3-locular,  with 
2 seeds  in  each  cell.  Seed  black,  roughish,  pubescent. 

Several  plants  of  this  beautiful  annual  were  raised 
this  year,  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  from  seeds 
received  from  North  America ; we  believe  it  to  be  a 
new  species,  as  we  do  not  find  it  any  where  described  ; 
it  is  nearer  related  to  I.  hederacea  than  to  any  other 
with  which  we  are  acquainted ; but  the  leaves  of  that 
are  deeply  3-lobed,  while  those  of  our  plant  are  always 
quite  entire,  more  like  I.  purpurea , but  broader,  and 
more  taper-pointed. 

Plants  that  were  raised  from  seeds  sown  in  April, 
began  to  flower  in  June,  and  continued  to  bloom  till 
the  end  of  September ; some  of  the  seeds  were  ripe  the 
beginning  of  July,  and,  for  an  experiment,  we  sowed 
some  of  them  immediately,  as  soon  as  gathered  ; they 
were  up  in  3 days,  and  began  to  flower  in  a fortnight, 
growing  very  strong,  and  continuing  to  bloom  till  near 
the  middle  ofOctober,  and  also  ripened  their  seeds.  The 
flowers  are  in  the  greatest  perfection  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, before  the  heat  of  the  sun  becomes  too  powerful. 
It  will  attain  the  height  of  6 or  8 feet,  if  trained  up  a 
stick,  or  wire,  and  thrives  best  in  a warm  border  of 
rich  light  earth. 

1.  Calyx,  enclosing  the  Capsule,  and  showing  the  2 bractes  at  the  base. 

2.  Tube  of  the  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  5 Stamens. 

3.  Style  and  papillose  Stigma.  4.  Capsule.  5.  Ripe  Seed. 


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87 


LIATRIS  sphseroidea. 

Globular-cupped  Liatris. 


Natural  Order.  Composite  Adanson  fam.  2.  103. 
Sect.  II.  CARDUACEJE.  Div.  5.  Vernoniacece. 

LIA  TRIS.  Supra  fol.  44. 


L.  sphceroidea,  caule  simplici  pubescente,  foliis  Isevibus  subfal- 
catis  obtusiusculis : inferioribus  petiolatis  lato-lanceolatis ; 
superioribus  lanceolato-linearibus,  fioribus  racemosis  solitariis 
alternis  subglobosis,  involucri  foliolis  rotundato-obovatis  con- 
cavis  margine  membranaceis  ciliatis. 

Liatris  sphaeroidea.  Mich.  jlor.  amer . 2.  p.  92.  Pursh.  Jl. 
amer.  sept.  2.  p.  509.  Hurt.  sub.  lond . p.  180. 


Root  tuberous.  Stems  simple,  erect,  pubescent, 
2 to  3 feet  high.  Leaves  quite  smooth,  numerously 
punctate,  of  a dark  green,  more  or  less  falcate,  bluntish  ; 
lower  ones  petiolate,  broadly  lanceolate ; upper  ones 
lanceolately-linear,  sessile,  slender  at  the  base,  more 
or  less  twisted.  Racemes  long,  many-flowered.  Flowers 
solitary,  alternate,  rather  crowded,  upper  ones  opening 
first.  Peduncles  short  and  thick,  pubescent.  Involu- 
cre nearly  globular;  leaflets  loose  and  spreading, 
roundly  obovate,  concave,  ciliate,  margins  white  and 
transparent,  sometimes  tinged  with  red,  scariose;  inner 
ones  narrower,  spatulate.  Receptacle  slightly  convex, 
naked,  punctate.  Florets  large,  from  25  to  30,  tubu- 
lar, 5-cleft,  of  a bright  pink,  or  lilac  ; tube  scarcely  as 
long  as  the  pappus,  villous  inside ; laciniae  lanceolate, 
acute,  spreading,  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  tube. 
Stamens  5,  inserted  in  the  tube ; filaments  slender, 
distinct,  glandularly  pubescent;  anthers  connected 


into  a tube,  but  distinct  at  the  points,  of  a dark  purple. 
Style  smooth,  about  the  length  of  the  stamens.  Stig- 
mas 2,  long  and  spreading,  sometimes  twisted,  or 
curled,  slightly  flattened,  scarcely  papillose,  bluntish, 
of  a bright  lilac.  Seeds  striate,  densely  hairy,  and 
crowned  with  a pappus  of  long  white  feathered  hairs. 

This  very  handsome  plant  is  a native  of  North 
America.  Pursh  mentions  it  as  growing  on  the  high 
mountains  of  Virginia  and  Carolina,  and  flowering 
from  August  to  October ; our  plant  did  not  agree  so 
well  with  his  description  of  the  leaflets  of  the  involu- 
crum  as  could  be  wished,  yet  we  think  there  can  be  no 
doubt  but  it  is  the  same  species  ; in  our  plant,  these 
were  generally  bluntly  rounded  ; he  describes  them  as 
more  pointed  : every  other  part  of  his  description  per- 
fectly agrees  with  our  plant. 

The  plant  from  which  our  drawing  was  taken,  was 
imported  last  Autumn,  from  North  America,  by 
Mr.  Colvill ; it  began  flowering,  this  year,  the  begin- 
ning of  September,  but  did  not  ripen  seeds,  ow  ing,  we 
believe,  to  the  dampness  of  the  atmosphere,  as  plants 
of  this  genus  in  general  seed  freely  ; it  requires  to  be 
planted  in  a warm  border  of  rich  light  earth,  and  it 
will  also  be  well  to  protect  some  plants  of  it  in  frames 
in  Winter,  as  they  are  sometimes  destroyed  by  very 
hard  frost,  except  covered  with  straw,  or  glass.  It 
may  be  propagated,  but  slowly,  by  dividing  the  root. 

1.  Involucre.  2.  Capitulum  split  through  the  centre,  to  show  the  naked 
dotted  Receptacle.  3.  Leaflet  of  the  Involuerum.  4.  Floret,  showing  the 
pappus  on  the  seed  surrounding  the  tube.  5.  Floret  laid  open,  to  show  its  vil- 
lous inside,  and  the  nerves.  6.  Stamens,  showing  the  distinct  filaments  and 
connected  anthers.  7.  Seed,  terminated  by  the  Style  and  Stigmas. 


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88 


IBERIS  Tenoreana. 


Tenores  Candy -tuft. 


Natural  Order . Crucifers.  DC,  syst,  nat.2,  p,  139. 
Subordo  I.  PLEURORHIZEJE.  Supra  fol,  46. 

IBERIS.  Supra  fol.  50. 

Sect.  I.  Iberidium.  Radicula  descendens.  Semen  im~ 
marginatum.  Septum  simplex.  DC.  prodr.  1.  p.  179. 

§ 1.  Pedicellis  fructiferis  corymbosis , caulibus  suffrutescen - 
tibus  perennibus . 


I.  Tenoreana , basi  suffrutescens  puberula,  foliis  subcarnosis 
crenatis : inferioribus  obovatis  basi  attenuatis ; superioribus 
oblongo-linearibus,  siliculis  subcorymbosis  emarginatis.  DC. 
Syst.  nat.  2.  p.  404.  Prodr . 1.  p.  179. 

Iberis  cepeaefolia.  Tenor,  prod.  jl.  nap.  p.  xxxvn.  non.  Lin. 


Root  perennial.  Stems  short,  suffruticose  at  the 
base,  branching ; branches  2 to  4 inches  in  length, 
slightly  pubescent ; side  ones  prostrate,  ascending, 
middle  ones  erect.  Leaves  fleshy,  slightly  toothed,  or 
crenate,  slightly  ciliate  at  the  base ; lower  ones  atte- 
nuated at  the  base  into  a kind  of  footstalk,  obovate, 
blunt ; upper  ones  oblong,  or  inclining  to  linear,  obtuse. 
Flowers  umbellate,  white,  (sometimes  purple,  accord- 
ing to  Decandolle.)  Pedicles  close  together,  densely 
pubescent.  Calyx  of  4 sepals,  which  are  short,  oblong, 
concave,  obtuse,  tipped  with  red,  or  purple.  Petals  4, 
unequal,  oblongly  obovate,  the  outer  ones  2 or  3 times 
larger  than  the  inner.  Stamens  6,  2 shorter  than  the 
others;  filaments  slender,  smooth,  attached  to  the 
back  of  the  anthers.  Silicles  rounded  at  the  base, 


emarginate  at  the  apex  ; lobes  and  sinus  acute.  Style 
elongated  beyond  the  lobes.  Stigma  slightly  capitate. 

The  present  little  plant  is  well  adapted  for  the  orna- 
menting of  rock-work,  or  for  planting  at  the  front  of 
flower-borders.  It  was  raised  at  the  Nursery  of 
Mr.  Colvill,  in  1822,  from  seeds  received  from  the 
Continent ; and  several  plants  flowered  the  following 
May,  but  not  so  fine  as  they  did  this  Summer,  when 
they  had  acquired  more  strength ; some  of  them 
bloomed  again  in  Autumn,  but  not  so  strong  as  the 
Spring  flowers  ; they  appear  to  the  greatest  advantage 
before  they  are  all  expanded,  as  the  red  calyx  of  the 
unopened  flowers,  mixed  with  the  white  blossoms, 
gives  it  a pretty  variegated  appearance. 

When  grown  in  small  pots,  and  protected  in  a frame, 
in  severe  weather,  it  will  bloom  much  earlier  in  Spring, 
but  it  will  not  bear  much  artificial  forcing,  as  it  draws 
up  very  weak  if  kept  too  warm  ; it  succeeds  well  in  any 
rich  light  earth,  or  if  planted  in  pots,  a mixture  of 
sandy  loam  and  peat  will  suit  it  very  well.  Cuttings 
taken  off  in  the  young  wood  in  Spring,  and  planted 
under  hand-glasses,  will  strike  root  readily ; it  may 
also  be  raised  from  seeds,  which  are  sometimes  pro- 
duced. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  One  of  the  large  Petals.  3.  One  of  the  smaller  ditto.  4.  The 
6 Stamens,  2 shorter  than  the  others.  5.  Silicle,  or  Pod,  in  a young  state. 
6.  The  same  in  a more  advanced  state,  terminated  by  the  Style  and  Stigma. 


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AGERATUM  mexicanitm. 

Mexican  Ageratum. 


Natural  Order . Composite.  Adanson  Fam.  2. 103. 

Sect.  III.  Eupatoreje.  Kunth  Synops.  2.  p.  408. 
AGERATUM.  Involucrum  campanulato-hemisphaericum, 
polyphyllum,  subsequale,  multiflorum.  Receptaculum  nudum. 
Flosculi  omnes  tubulosi,  bermaphroditi.  Antherce  inclusae. 
Stigma  exsertum.  Akenia  quinquangularia,  squamulis  subulatis 
aut  breviter  aristatis  coronata.  Herbae  aut  frutices.  Folia 
opposita , inteqra.  Flores  corymbosi,  violacei  aut  albidi.  Kunth 
synops.  2.  p.  437. 


A.  mexicanum,  caule  herbaceo  ramoso  diffuso ; ramis  adscen- 
dentibus  hispidis,  foliis  rugosis  crenatis  piloso-pubescentibus 
obtusiusculis : inferioribus  cordatis  reticulato-venosis ; supe- 
rioribus  ovatis  basi  rotundatis  triplinerviis,  paleis  pappi  lan- 
ceolatis  basi  membranaceis  apice  aristatis  subdenticulatis. 

Ageratum  mexicanum.  Bot.  mag . 2524. 


Annual , about  a foot  in  height,  much  branched. 
Branches  spreading,  upper  ones  erect,  the  others 
ascending,  hispidly  pubescent.  Leaves  rugose,  blunt- 
ish,  crenate,  or  toothed  with  blunt  rounded  teeth, 
slightly  hairy  on  the  upper  side,  hairy  and  pubescent 
on  the  lower;  lower  ones  as  broad  as  long,  petiolate, 
cordate  at  the  base,  reticulately  veined  underneath ; 
upper  ones  ovate,  triply-nerved,  less  toothed,  or  rarely 
entire,  nearly  sessile.  Petioles  deeply  channelled  on 
the  upper  side  and  rounded  on  the  lower,  glandularly 
hairy.  Flowers  paniculately  corymbose,  of  a light 
blue,  inclining  to  violet.  Bractes  several,  some  at  the 
base  of,  others  on  the  pedicles,  the  lower  ones  largest, 

2 A 


lanceolate,  acute;  the  others  linear,  or  subulate. 
Pedicles  slightly  angular,  hispid.  Involucre  hemis- 
pherical, many-leaved,  imbricate;  leaflets  equal,  lan- 
ceolate, taper-pointed,  hairy  and  ciliate.  Receptacle 
convex,  naked.  Florets  numerous,  crowded,  all  her- 
maphrodite, tubular,  4 or  5 toothed,  teeth  reflexed. 
Anthers  included  in  the  tube.  Stigmas  exserted,  long 
and  spreading,  thickest  at  the  points.  Seeds  black, 
5-angular,  slender  at  the  base,  crowned  with  a pappus 
of  4 or  5 unequal  lanceolate  paleae,  which  are  flat  and 
membranaceous  at  the  base,  and  terminated  by  a long 
bristle  like  awn,  or  sometimes  by  2 or  3 short  teeth. 

This  handsome  annual  plant  is  of  late  introduction 
to  our  flower-gardens,  the  seeds  having  been  lately 
brought  from  Mexico,  by  Mr.  Bullock,  and  raised  at 
the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Tate,  Sloane  Street,  with  many 
other  rare  and  choice  plants.  The  best  method  of 
raising  it  is  to  sow  the  seed  early  in  Spring,  in  a hot- 
house, or  green-house,  or  on  a hot-bed,  and  to  plant 
out  the  young  plants  in  the  open  borders,  where  they 
will  continue  to  flower  all  the  Summer,  and  ripen  their 
seeds.  If  the  seeds  are  sown  in  the  open  ground,  the 
plants  will  be  later  coming  into  flower,  and  there  will 
not  be  so  good  a chance  of  procuring  plenty  of  ripe 
seeds ; to  have  the  plants  strong  and  healthy,  they 
should  be  as  much  as  6 or  9 inches  apart,  as  the 
branches  spread  considerably;  they  will  thrive  best  in 
a rich  light  soil,  and  a sheltered  situation. 

Our  drawing  was  made  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Tate, 
last  Summer. 


1.  Involucre,  with  the  leaflets  cleared  from  one  side,  to  show  the  convex 
naked  Receptacle.  2.  Floret  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  Sta- 
mens. 3.  Seed,  terminated  by  the  floret.  4.  The  same  divested  of  the  floret, 
showing  the  awned  pappus,  and  terminated  by  the  Style  and  Stigmas.  5.  Leaflet 
of  the  Involucre. 


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90 


SCUTELLARIA  alpina. 

Alpine  Skull-cap . 


Natural  Order,  Labiate.  Brown  prodr,  499. 
SCUTELLARIA,  Supra  fol.  45. 


S.  alpina,  foliis  cordatis  inciso-serratis  crenatis,  spicis  imbri- 
oatis  rotundato-tetragonis,  bracteis  flore  duplo  brevioribus. 
Willden.  sp.  pi,  3.  p.  17.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  136.  PL  rar. 
hung.  2.  p.  146.  1. 137.  Hort.  Kew.  ed . 2.  v . 3.  p.  427. 


Perennial.  Stems  spreading,  quadrangular,  thickly 
clothed  with  long  villous  hairs,  branching  in  all 
directions.  Leaves  opposite,  cordate,  lower  ones 
deeply  serrate,  upper  ones  crenate,  bluntish,  strongly 
and  numerously  nerved  underneath,  and  furrowed 
above,  hairy  on  both  sides.  Petioles  short  and  flat, 
longest  on  the  lower  leaves,  scarcely  any  on  the  upper, 
covered  with  long  hairs.  Spikes  of  flowers  terminating 
the  branches,  3 or  4 inches  long,  imbricate,  roundly 
4-sided.  Bractes  sessile,  ovate,  acute,  cucullate, 
many-nerved  underneath,  thin  and  membranaceous, 
covered  with  villous  hairs,  about  half  the  length  of  the 
flowers.  Calyx  2-lipped,  entire,  villous,  at  first  very 
small,  but  increasing  in  size  before  the  fruit  ripens,  and 
in  which  it  is  enclosed.  Corolla  tubular,  ringent, 
villous;  helmet  purple;  lower  lip  emarginate,  white, 
with  3 violet  coloured  stripes  on  the  upper  side. 
Stamens  4,  inserted  in  the  tube,  2 longer  than  the 
others ; filaments  declining,  smooth ; anthers  incum- 

2 a 2 


bent,  fimbriate.  Style  smooth,  about  the  length  of  the 
shortest  stamens.  Stigma  a simple  point.  Seeds  4, 
naked,  angular,  enclosed  in  the  calyx. 

This  pretty  herbaceous  plant  is  a native  of  Hungary ; 
it  is  quite  hardy,  and  flowers  from  June  to  August, 
and  sometimes  continues  in  bloom  till  October ; it 
seldom  exceeds  6 or  9 inches  in  height ; but  the 
branches  spread  round  to  a considerable  distance,  so 
that  it  is  requisite  to  cut  it  back  in  Winter,  to  keep  it 
within  bounds.  It  succeeds  well  in  the  common  garden 
soil,  and  will  grow  in  rather  a shady  situation,  where 
many  plants  that  are  more  tender  will  not  thrive.  It  is 
readily  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root,  or  by  seeds, 
which  ripen  plentifully. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a plant  at  the  Garden 
belonging  to  the  Apothecaries’  Company,  at  Chelsea, 
last  Summer. 


1.  Calyx,  opened  at  the  mouth,  to  show  the  4 Seeds.  2.  Corolla  spread  open, 
to  show  the  4 Stamens.  3.  Style  and  Stigma. 


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91 


RICHARDSONIA  scabra. 


Rough-leaved  Richardsonia. 


Natural  Order.  Rubiacea:.  Juss.  gen.  p.  196*. 

Sect.  II.  Spermacoceje . Fructus  bi-aut  rarissime  tricoccus, 
siccus ; coccis  monospermis.  Stamina  4,  rarissime  5 aut  6. 
Herbae,  suffrutices  aut  frutices.  Folia  opposita,  mediante  va- 
gina ciliata.  Kunth  syn.  3.  p.  14. 

RICHARDSONIA.  Calyx  superus,  6-8-partitus  ; laciniis 
aequalibus.  Corolla  infundibuliformis ; limbo  6-8-fido,  aequali. 
Stamina  6-8,  exserta.  Ovarium  tricoccum.  Stylus  1,  apice 
trifidus.  Stigmata  oblongo-capitata.  Capsula  tricocca,  calyce 
persistente  coronata ; coccis  1-spermis.  Herbas  diffusa,  facie 
Spermacocis.  Flores  terminales , capitato-congesti , albi . Kunth 
syn.  3.  p.  19. 


R.  scabra , caule  hispido  brachiato,  foliis  ellipticis  nervosis 
scabris,  involucris  2-phyllis. 

Richardia  scabra.  Lin.  sp.  pi.  p.  470.  Lam.  ill.  t.  254.  Pers . 
syn.  1 . p.  392. 


Annual.  Stems  spreading,  brachiate,  thickly  clothed 
with  spreading  unequal  white  hairs ; branches  ascend- 
ing. Leaves  opposite,  elliptical  or  oval,  gradually 
attenuated  at  both  ends,  narrowing  at  the  base  down 
the  petioles,  very  rough  to  the  touch,  occasioned  by 
numerous  minute  tubercles,  on  which  grow  short  rigid 
decumbent  hairs,  margins  ciliate,  underneath  strongly 
nerved,  the  nerves  branching  from  the  midrib  at  regular 
distances.  Petioles , or  base  of  the  leaf  deeply  chan- 
nelled on  the  upper  side,  and  convex  on  the  lower, 
fringed.  Stipules  joined  to  the  base  of  the  petioles, 
connate,  sheathing  the  stem,  membranaceous,  and 
toothed  with  several  sharp  subulate  teeth  that  are 


bearded  at  the  points.  Flowers  terminal,  white,  in  a 
close  crowded  head.  Involucre  of  2 broadly  ovate 
sessile  leaves,  which  are  strongly  and  numerously 
nerved  underneath.  Calyx  superior,  6 to  8 parted, 
segments  radiately  spreading,  broadly  lanceolate, 
acute,  fringed.  Corolla  funnel-form,  limb  6-parted, 
the  segments  equal,  radiately  spreading.  Stamens  6, 
inserted  in  the  tube,  and  exserted  beyond  the  mouth  ; 
filaments  stout,  smooth ; anthers  incumbent ; pollen 
white,  granular.  Style  about  the  length  of  the  stamens, 
smooth,  3-cleft  at  the  point.  Stigmas  3,  oblongly 
capitate,  rough.  Capsule  3-coccus,  or  3 joined  toge- 
ther, each  producing  one  seed,  and  crowned  with  the 
persistent  calyx. 

This  curious  annual  plant  is  a native  of  South  Ame- 
rica, and  was  raised  last  Summer  at  the  Nursery  of 
Mr.  Colvill,  from  seeds  received  from  Germany.  It  suc- 
ceeds well  in  a warm  border  of  rich  light  earth,  where 
it  should  be  sown  about  the  middle  of  April,  if  the 
weather  prove  favourable ; the  plants  will  then  have 
time  to  flower,  and  ripen  their  seeds ; if  sown  later, 
there  will  not  be  so  good  a chance  of  the  seed  ripening. 
It  seldom  exceeds  6 inches  in  height,  but  spreads  its 
branches  to  a considerable  distance;  so  that  the 
young  plants  should  not  be  allowed  to  grow  too  close 
together,  as  they  will  injure  each  other,  and  will  not 
thrive  so  well. 

Our  drawing  was  made  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
in  August  last. 


1.  Capsule,  crowned  with  the  persistent  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  to 
show  the  insertion  of  the  Stamens.  3.  Style  deft  in  three  at  the  point,  and 
terminated  by  3 oblongly  capitate  Stigmas. 


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92 


SILENE  picta. 

Painted  flowered  Catchfly . 


Natural  Order . CaryophyllejE.  DC.  prodr.  syst.  nat.  1, 
p.  351. 

SILENE.  Supra  fol.  58. 

Sect.  VII.  Si  phono  morph  A.  Caulescentes . Flores  pa- 
niculati  raro  solitarii ; pedicelli  oppositi  breves.  Calyx  tubu- 
latus. 

§ 2.  Floribus  erectis,  calycibus  elongatis  clavatis. 


S.  picta , caulibus  ramosissimis  vix  pubescentibus,  foliis  inferio- 
ribus  obovato-spathulatis : superioribus  linearibus  acutis, 
floribus  laxe  paniculatis,  calycibus  clavatis  rubro-striatis, 
petalis  bipartitis  reticulatis.  DC.  prodr.  1.  p.  380. 

Silene  picta.  Fers.  syn.  1.  p.  498.  Willd.  enum.  1.  p.  477. 
Link  enum.  1.  p.  426.  Steudel  nomen.  p.  779. 

Silene  anastomosans.  Lag.  gen.  et  spec.  15. 

Silene  Reinwardtii.  Roth. 


Annual.  Stems  erect,  from  2 to  3 feet  high,  much 
branched ; branches  erect,  dichotomously  panicled, 
very  slender,  knotted  at  the  joints,  smooth  and  glossy, 
slightly  glaucous.  Leaves  opposite,  linear,  acute, 
channelled.  Flowers  elegantly  painted  with  purple 
stripes,  proceeding  from  the  upper  forks  of  the  branches, 
which  lengthen  out  and  produce  other  flowers.  Pe- 
duncles short,  some  longer  than  others,  nearly  cylin- 
drical. Calyx  tubular,  slender  at  the  base,  clavate, 
5-toothed,  and  striped  with  10  purple  lines;  teeth 
purple.  Petals  5,  unguiculate,  the  unguis  longer  than 
the  calyx ; limb  bifid,  elegantly  striped  with  purple, 
darkest  underneath,  all  joined  together  at  the  mouth 


by  the  crown ; crown  on  each  petal  bifid,  decurrent 
down  the  unguis,  each  segment  4-toothed.  Stamens  10, 
every  other  one  attached  to  the  base  of  the  petal,  the 
others  inserted  in  the  receptacle ; filaments  smooth, 
gradually  tapering  upwards  ; anthers  attached  by  the 
back,  a little  above  the  base,  2-celled.  Germen  smooth. 
Styles  3,  roughened  inwards. 

Our  drawing  of  this  elegant  annual  plant  was  taken 
in  September  last,  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  where 
it  was  grown  in  the  open  air  with  other  hardy  annuals. 
It  may  be  considered  an  Autumn  flowering  plant,  as  it 
continues  to  bloom  till  the  frost  destroys  it.  The  seeds 
should  be  sown  early  in  Spring,  otherwise  there  will 
be  no  chance  of  obtaining  ripe  seeds ; the  beginning  or 
middle  of  April,  if  the  weather  permits,  is  the  best 
time  for  sowing  them  ; they  will  succeed  well  in  any 
common  garden  soil,  and  they  require  to  be  a good 
distance  apart,  as  they  grow  to  the  height  of  from  % to 
3 feet,  and  branch  round  to  a considerable  distance, 
each  plant  should  be  as  much  as  9 inches  apart,  other- 
wise they  will  crowd  each  other,  and  will  not  thrive 
near  as  well.  It  is  not  at  present  ascertained  of  what 
country  the  present  subject  is  a native,  but  from  its 
habit  we  suspect  it  to  be  either  Barbary,  or  the  South 
of  Europe. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  The  5 Petals  spread  open,  showing  the  5 Stamens,  each 
attached  to  the  base.  3.  The  other  5 Stamens  inserted  in  the  receptacle. 
4.  Petal,  showing  the  toothed  Crown.  5.  Germen,  terminated  by  the  3 Styles 
and  Stigmas,  the  latter  a little  roughish  on  the  inward  side. 


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93 


DRACOCEPHALUM  speciosum. 

Beautiful  Dragon s-head. 


Natural  Order,  Labiate.  Brown  prod.  499. 

Sect.  IV.  Stamina  4 fertilia.  Corolla  bilabiata.  Calyx 
bilabiatus.  Juss.  gen.  115. 

DRACOCEPHALUM.  Supra  fol.  38. 


D.  speciosum , caule  erecto  obtuse  tetragono  paniculato-ramoso, 
foliis  lato-lanceolatis  sessilibus  argute  serratis  basi  integerrimis, 
spicis  elongatis  tetragonis  confertifloris,  bracteis  lanceolatis 
acuminatis,  calycis  dentibus  acutis  inferioribus  longioribus. 

Dracocephalum  speciosum.  Horlulanorum. 


Perennial.  Stems  several  from  the  same  root, 
3 to  4 feet  high,  erect,  much  branched,  bluntly  4-sided, 
smooth  and  glossy.  Leaves  sessile,  broadly  lanceolate, 
acute,  deeply  and  sharply  serrated,  particularly  near 
the  point,  entire  at  the  base,  rather  succulent,  smooth 
and  glossy,  many-nerved,  the  nerves  branching,  but 
rather  inconspicuous.  Spikes  more  or  less  panicled, 
erect,  regularly  4-sided,  elongated,  the  flowers  rather 
crowded.  Bractes  lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  broad  at 
the  base,  scarcely  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Pedicles  very 
short,  pubescent.  Calyx  tubular,  5-cleft,  slightly 
pubescent : segments  acute,  the  upper  one  rather  the 
broadest  and  shortest.  Corolla  bilabiate,  inflated  near 
the  mouth,  slender  at  the  base,  of  a bright  reddish 
lilac,  strongly  veined  at  the  back,  from  which  branch 
several  pale  lines : upper  lip  entire,  arched  : lower  lip 
3-lobed,  lobes  spreading,  truncate,  the  middle  one 
largest,  reflexed.  Stamens  4,  inserted  in  the  tube, 

2 b 


2 rather  longer  than  the  others : filaments  bearded  : 
anthers  incumbent,  2-celled  : pollen  white.  Style 
smooth.  Stigma  2-cleft,  with  acute  points. 

This  fine  species  of  Dracocephalum  is  a native  of 
North  America,  and  has  been  introduced  to  our  gar- 
dens within  these  few  years,  where  it  has  always  been 
cultivated  under  the  name  that  we  have  adopted,  but 
we  do  not  find  it  any  where  recorded.  It  belongs  to 
the  same  section  of  the  genus  as  D.  denticulatum,  and 
1).  virginianum , but  is  readily  distinguished  from  both 
by  its  panicled  habit. 

The  spikes  of  flowers  in  this  species  are  regularly 
4-sided,  although,  when  growing  in  the  garden,  the 
flowers  are  often  seen  to  be  all  facing  one  way ; this  is 
owing  to  the  short  and  weak  pedicles,  and  the  weight  of 
the  flower,  keeping  it  so  firm  on  the  bracte,  that  what- 
ever way  the  wind  blows  it,  there  it  remains ; so  that 
when  the  wind  blows  strong  from  any  quarter,  the 
flowers  are  always  facing  the  opposite  direction.  If 
a branch  is  cut  off  and  held  in  the  hand,  the  flowers 
may  be  moved  by  the  other  hand  in  the  same  manner, 
either  all  to  one  side,  or  some  to  one  side,  and  some  to 
the  other,  and  wherever  they  are  placed,  there  they 
will  remain. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a fine  plant,  in  Sep- 
tember last,  at  the  Nursery  of  Messrs.  Whitley,  Brames, 
and  Milne,  at  Fulham.  It  succeeds  well  in  the  open 
ground  in  a rich  light  soil,  where  it  will  attain  the 
height  of  3 or  4 feet ; and  it  may  be  readily  increased 
by  dividing  at  the  root. 


1 Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open,  to  show  the  insertion  of  the  Stamens. 
3.  One  of  the  Stamens  detached.  4.  The  4 Seeds  with  the  Style  between 
them,  terminated  by  a cleft  Stigma. 


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RANUNCULUS  monspeliacus. 
var.  p.  cuneatus. 

Wedge-  lobed  Montpelier  Crowfoot . 


Natural  Order . RANUNCULACEiE.  DC,  syst.  v.  1.  p.  127. 

Tribus  III.  RANUNCULEJE.  JEstivatio  calycis  et  corollas 
imbricata.  Petala  bilabiata  aut  intus  squamul&  ad  basin  aucta. 
Carpella  1-sperma  sicca  indehiscentia.  Semen  e rectum.  Folia 
radicalia  aut  alterna.  DC.  p.  130. 

RANUNCULUS,  Calyx  5-sepalus,  sepalis  basi  non  solutis 
deciduis.  Petala  5 rarius  10  intus  basi  squamula  foveolave 
nectarifera  instructa.  Stamina  ovariaque  numerosa ; Cariop - 
sides  ovatae  subcompressae,  in  mucronem  aut  cornu  semine  vix 
longius  desinentes,  laeves  striatae  aut  tuberculatae,  in  capitulum 
globosum  cylindraceumve  dispositae.  Herbae  annua  aut  stepius 
perennes.  Radices  fibrosce , fasciculated  aut  grumosa ; caules 
teretes , erecti  procumbentes  aut  interdiim  radicantes ; folia 
Integra  dentata  aut  multifidat  pier  ague  radicalia , caulina  ad 
originem  ramorum  pedunculorumque  sita.  Pedunculi  termi- 
nates axillares  aut  oppositifolii ; flores  albi  aut  lutei,  rarissimb 
purpurei,  ferb  omnes  inodor i.  DC.  p.  231. 

Sect.  II.  Ran  UNCU  last  rum.  Carpella  laevia  compressa, 
in  spicam  digesta.  Radix  grumosa.  DC.  prodr.  1.  p.  27. 


R.  monspeliacus,  foliis  lanuginosis ; radicalibus  trilobis ; lobis 
cuneatis  trifido-dentatis ; superioribus  tripartitis ; lobis  inte- 
gris  linearibus,  caule  erecto  pauciflora,  calyce  reflexo,  car- 
pellorutn  spica  ovata.  DC.  syst.  1.  p.  260.  Prodr.  1.  p.  28. 
Swt.  hort.  brit.  p.  5.  ined. 

a angustilobus,  lobis  foliorutn  angustis  elongatis.  R.  illyricus. 

Besl.  syst.  vein.  ord.  1.  t.  13.  f.  1.  Willden.  enum.  589. 

0 cuneatus , lobis  foliorum  cuneiformibus  apice  trifido-dentatis. 
R.  monspeliacus.  DC.  ic.  gall.  rar.  t.  50.  R.  apiifolius. 
Desf.  in  pict . hort.  par.  37.  t.  73.  non  Pers. 
y rotundifolius,  foliis  rotundatis  trifidis,  lobis  dentatis  obtusis. 
R.  monspeliacus.  Gou.  fl.  monsp.  279.  Poir.dict.  6.  p.  111. 

2 B 2 


Roots  clustered,  tuberous,  with  fibres  intermixed. 
Leaves  at  first  nearly  round,  3-lobed,  lobes  2 or 
3- toothed ; the  next  are  deeply  3-lobed,  or  3-parted  ; 
the  lobes  or  segments  cuneate,  trifid  or  dentate;  upper 
ones  3-parted,  segments  linear,  entire,  or  3-toothed,  all 
thickly  covered  with  villous  canescent  down.  Petioles 
a little  flattened,  and  furrowed  on  the  upper  side,  and 
rounded  on  the  lower ; the  upper  ones  sheathing  the 
peduncles,  villous.  Stem  erect,  from  6 inches  to  a 
foot  in  height,  from  3 to  9-flowered.  Peduncles  cylin- 
drical, downy.  Calyx  of  5 sepals,  deciduous ; sepals 
ovate,  obtuse,  concave,  villous,  reflexed.  Petals  5, 
very  large,  broadly  obovate,  of  a light  yellow.  Stamens 
numerous ; filaments  slender,  smooth,  attached  to  the 
base  of  the  anthers,  which  are  about  the  length  of  the 
filaments.  Spike  of  seeds  ovate.  Seeds  flat,  smooth, 
obliquely  taper-pointed. 

A native  of  Montpelier,  and,  according  to  M.  Decan- 
dolle,  a very  variable  species ; but  that  seems  to  be 
chiefly  owing  to  the  situation  in  which  it  grows.  It  is 
generally  known  in  our  gardens  by  the  name  of 
R.  philadelphicus,  but  how  it  came  by  that  appellation 
we  have  not  ascertained.  In  a rich  light  soil,  it  will 
attain  a foot  in  height,  and  produce  about  9 flowers  on 
a stalk ; in  poorer  soil,  it  will  be  considerably  less  ; 
the  flowers  are  very  large,  of  a bright  yellow,  and  very 
ornamental,  and  the  roots  are  very  similar  to  the  com- 
mon garden  Ranunculus,  R.  asiaticus.  It  thrives  well 
in  the  open  air,  in  the  common  garden  soil,  and  readily 
increases  by  dividing  at  the  root. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  the  beginning 
of  last  June. 


1.  The  reflexed  Calyx.  2.  One  of  the  Petals.  3.  Stamens  inserted  in  the 
Receptacle.  4.  Stamen  detached.  5.  Spike  of  Seeds.  6.  Seed  detached. 


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95 


ASARUM  canadense. 

Canadian  Asarabacca. 


Natural  Order.  Aristolochia:.  Brown  prodr.  349. 
ASA  RUM.  Supra  fol  18. 


A.  canadense , foliis  lato-reniformibus  geminatis,  perianthium 
lanatum  profunde  tripartitum  : laciniis  sublanceolatis  reflexis. 
Asarum  canadense.  Mich.  fi.  amer.  1.  p.  279.  Willd.  sp.  pi.  2. 
p.  838.  Lam.  ill.  t.  394.’  f.  2.  Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  1.  Pursh . 
fl.  amer.  2.  p.  596.  Lodd.  bot.  cab.  889. 

Asarum  carolinianum.  Walt.Jlor.  car.  143. 

Asarum  latifolium.  Salisb.  prodr.  344. 


Roots  tufted,  fibrous,  of  a spicy  scent.  Branches 
short,  simple,  spreading,  terminated  by  2 leaves,  and 
a flower  between  them.  Leaves  broadly  reniform ; 
while  young,  acute,  but  becoming  bluntly  rounded  by 
age,  very  soft  to  the  touch,  pubescent  on  both  sides  ; 
sinus  generally  overlapping  at  the  base.  Petioles  stout 
at  the  base,  and  tapering  upwards,  flattened  on  the 
upper  side,  and  rounded  on  the  lower,  densely  clothed 
with  villous  down.  Flowers  on  short  footstalks.  Pe- 
duncles cylindrical,  villous,  nodding.  Perianthium 
campanulate,  villous,  deeply  3-parted,  of  a pale  brown 
colour;  laciniae  lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  more  or  less 
reflexed,  sides  rolled  back.  Stamens  12,  every  other 
one  longest,  seated  on  the  capsule.  Style  short,  fleshy. 
Stigma  stellately  6-parted,  blunt,  and  fleshy.  Capsule 
inferior,  6-celled,  with  several  seeds  in  each  cell. 


A native  of  North  America,  growing,  according  to 
Pursh,  in  shady  rocky  situations,  from  Canada  to 
Carolina ; “ the  root  is  highly  aromatic,  and  known  by 
the  inhabitants  of  those  countries  by  the  name  of 
Wild  Ginger.”  With  us  it  is  quite  hardy,  produc- 
ing its  curious  flowers  in  May,  and  thriving  well  in  a 
light  sandy  soil,  in  a shady  situation ; this  makes  it  the 
more  desirable,  as  it  will  thrive  where  many  other 
plants  will  not ; its  branches  are  short,  but  have  an 
inclination  to  spread ; the  leaves  are  large,  and  the 
footstalks  densely  clothed  with  long  villous  hairs ; this 
is  not  represented  in  Mr.  Loddiges’  figure. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a plant  that  we  received 
from  the  Nursery  of  Messrs.  Whitley,  Brames,  and 
Milne,  in  May  last.  It  is  readily  increased  by  dividing 
at  the  root. 


1.  One  of  the  segments  of  the  Perianthium.  2.  The  12  Stamens  spread 
open,  to  show  their  insertion,  every  other  one  longest.  3.  The  large  6 cleft 
Stigma. 


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96 


IRIS  dichotoma. 

Forked-petaled  Iris. 

Natural  Order.  IridEjE.  Brown  prodr.  302. 
IRIS.  Supra  fol.  68. 


I.  dichotoma , foliis  ensiformibus  falcatis,  scapis  teretibus  pani- 
culato-ramosis,  spathis  terminalibus  diphyllis  multifloris, 
perianthii  tubo  fere  nullo : laciniis  exterioribus  subbarbatis  ; 
interioribus  apice  bifidis. 

Iris  dichotoma.  Willden . sp.  pi.  1.  p.  230.  Pallas  it.  3.  p.  712. 
t.  A.  f.  2.  Rcem.  et  Schult.  syst.  1.  p.  464.  Pers.  syn . 1. 
p.  52.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  1.  p.  120.  Bot . reg.  246.  Link 
enum . 1.  p.  58. 

Iris  pomeridiana.  Fischer  Mss. 


Root  tuberous.  Stem  from  a foot  to  18  inches  in 
height.  Leaves  ensiform,  more  or  less  falcate,  of  a 
white  glaucous  colour.  Scape  cylindrical,  paniculately 
branching,  leafy,  smooth.  Sheaths  terminal,  2-leaved, 
many-flowered  : leaflets  ovate,  concave,  points  scariose. 
Peduncles  long  and  slender,  flattened  on  the  inside, 
and  keeled  on  the  outer,  about  twice  the  length  of  the 
sheath.  Germen  oblong,  bluntly  3-cornered.  Perian- 
thium  divided  nearly  to  the  base  into  6 segments ; 
outer  ones  linearly  oblong,  obtuse,  with  crenulate 
points,  reflexed  from  about  the  middle,  of  a light  pur- 
ple tinged  with  brown,  and  variegated  near  the  base, 
with  a large  white  patch  in  the  centre,  slightly  bearded, 
and  more  or  less  spotted  with  purple ; inner  segments 
obovate,  attenuated  to  the  base,  the  points  bifid,  or 
forked,  and  sometimes  toothed,  of  a light  purple. 
Stamens  3,  inserted  in  the  base  of  the  laciniae,  about 


half  the  length  of  the  stigmas : filaments  flat,  smooth  : 
anthers  linear,  2-celled : 'pollen  pale  yellow.  Style 
short.  Stigmas  3,  petal-like,  channelled  at  the  back, 
and  keeled  inwards,  deeply  bifid,  the  segments  taper- 
pointed  and  twisted. 

This  beautiful  and  very  distinct  species  of  Iris,  in 
habit,  approaches  the  genus  Pardanthus,  and  appears 
to  be  the  connecting  link  between  the  two  genera.  It 
also  differs  from  all  the  other  known  species,  in  the 
expansion  of  its  flowers,  those  never  opening  till  the 
afternoon,  which  occasioned  Dr.  Fischer  to  give  it  the 
appropriate  name  of  I.  pomeridiana . It  is  a native  of 
Dahuria,  but  is  rather  more  tender  than  some  other 
species,  suffering  much  from  an  over  abundance  of 
moisture,  so  that  it  should  be  planted  in  a dry  open 
situation,  and  in  a light  soil,  where  the  wet  will  pass 
off  readily ; it  is  also  well  to  preserve  some  plants  of  it 
in  pots,  to  be  placed  in  frames  in  very  wet  or  very  cold 
weather ; they  can  then  be  planted  in  the  borders  in 
Spring.  It  may  be  increased  by  seeds,  or  by  dividing 
at  the  root. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  from  a very  strong  plant,  at 
the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden,  last  Summer,  where  it 
was  raised  from  seed  that  Mr.  Anderson  received  from 
Dr.  Fischer* 


1.  Reduced  figure  of  the  Plant,  showing  how  the  scape  terminates  the  Branch. 
2.  One  of  the  outer  leaflets  of  the  Perianthium.  3.  One  of  the  inner  ditto, 
showing  its  forked  point.  4.  Stigma,  showing  its  bifid  point,  and  the  twisted 
tips.  5.  The  3 Stamens. 


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97 


BAPTISIA  exaltata. 


Tall  upright  Baptisia. 


Natural  Order.  Leguminosa;.  Juss.  gen.  345. 

Div.  IV.  ( P APILION ACEJE ) Corolla  irregularis  papilio- 
nacea.  Stamina  distincta,  aut  rarb  basi  coalita.  Legumen 
uniloculare  bivalve.  Frutices  aut  herbce ; folia  simplicia  aut 
ternata  aut  imparLpinnata.  Juss.  gen.  351. 

BAPTISIA.  Calyx  semi-4-5-fidus,  bilabiatus.  Corolla 
papilionacea,  petalis  longitudine  subaequalibus : vexillum  late- 
ribus  reflexis.  Stamina  10,  decidua.  Legumen  ventricosum, 
pedicellatum,  polyspermum.  Brown.  Hort . Kew . ed. 2.  v.  3.  p.  5. 


B.  exaltata , caule  erecto  ramoso,  foliis  ternatis  petiolatis  ; fo- 
liolis  lanceolato-obovatis  petiolo  quintuplo  longioribus,  stipulis 
lanceolatis  acuminatis  petiolo  triplo  longioribus,  racemis 
multifloris  elongatis  ramis  duplo  longioribus,  floribus  sparsis 
distantibus,  calyce  4-fido  : laciniis  inferioribus  acutis.# 


Perennial.  Stems  several  from  the  same  root,  erect, 
branching,  when  in  flower  from  3 to  4 feet  high  ; 
branches  erect,  smooth,  furrowed.  Leaves  ternate, 
petiolate,  smooth,  glaucous  : leaflets  lanceolately-obo- 
vate,  bluntish,  about  3 inches  long,  and  scarcely 
1 broad.  Petiole  about  half  an  inch  long,  channelled 
on  the  upper  side,  and  rounded  on  the  lower.  Stipules 
lanceolate,  taper-pointed,  3 times  longer  than  the  pe- 
tiole. Raceme  very  long,  many-flowered,  above  2 feet 
in  length  when  in  flower,  double  the  length  of  the 

* B.  australis , caule  ramoso  diffuso,  foliis  ternatis  brevissime  petiolatis: 
foliolis  oblongo  cuneatis  obtusis  petiolo  quadruplo  longioribus,  stipulis  lan- 
ceolatis acutis  petiolo  duplo  longioribus,  racemis  paucifloris  ramis  brevioribus, 
calyce  quadrifido : laciniis  inferioribus  obtusis. 

2 c 


branches.  Flowers  scattered,  solitary,  or  in  pairs, 
distant,  of  a dark  blue  colour.  Pedicles  about  the 
length  of  the  calyx.  Calyx  4-cleft,  segments  scarcely 
as  long  as  the  tube  ; upper  one  longest,  emarginate  ; 
lower  ones  acute.  Corolla  papilionaceous  : petals  4, 
nearly  equal,  connivent,  unguiculate,  eared  above  the 
unguis,  the  inner  ones  of  a lighter  colour : vexillum 
shorter  than  the  petals,  unguiculate,  emarginate,  chan- 
nelled inside,  and  keeled  at  the  back,  sides  scarcely 
reflexed.  Stamens  10 : filaments  distinct,  smooth, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  petals,  included  between  them, 
attached  to  the  back  of  the  anthers  : anthers  2-celled  : 
pollen  yellow.  Style  smooth.  Stigma  a simple  point. 

The  present  stately  perennial  plant  is  a native  of 
North  America,  and  was  introduced  from  thence  in 
the  year  1812,  by  the  late  Mr.  John  Lyons,  at  the  sale 
of  whose  plants  it  was  sold  by  the  name  of  Podalyria 
exaltata ; we  were  afraid  that  it  was  again  lost  to  our 
collections,  until  we  were  agreeably  surprised,  the  year 
before  last,  in  seeing  it  growing  very  strong,  and 
flowering  luxuriantly,  in  the  Apothecaries’  Garden,  at 
Chelsea,  where  our  drawing  was  taken.  It  is  readily 
distinguished  from  B.  australis , by  its  much  stronger 
and  upright  growth ; the  latter  species  was  growing 
beside  it  in  the  same  collection,  so  that  the  difference 
was  readily  perceptible;  we  do  not  know  that  the 
present  species  exists  in  any  other  collection.  It  suc- 
ceeds well  in  the  open  air,  in  the  common  garden  soil ; 
and  we  have  no  doubt  but  it  might  be  increased  by 
dividing  at  the  root,  in  the  same  manner  as  B.  australis; 
we  also  believe  it  would  produce  perfect  seeds,  if  pains 
were  taken  to  fertilize  the  stigmas  with  the  pollen, 
when  in  bloom. 

1.  Calyx.  2.  The  2 alas,  or  wings,  of  the  Corolla.  3.  The  Keel  spread  open. 
4.  Vexillum.  5.  The  10  Stamens.  6.  The  same  spread  open.  7.  The  young 
Pod  terminated  by  a smooth  Style,  and  simple  Stigma. 


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98 


MONARDA  media. 


Bright  Purple  Monarda . 


■ — 

Natural  Order.  Labiate.  Brown  prodr.  499. 

Sect.  I.  Stamina  2 fertilia;  v.  dum  4 fertilia.  Antherae 
omnium  dimidiatae. 

MONARDA.  Calyx  cylindricus  striatus  5-dentatus.  Co - 
rolla  cylindrica  longior  bilabiata : superius  recta  angusta  inte- 
gra,  filamenta  simplicia  involvente ; inferius  reflexa  latior 
3-loba  lobo  medio  longiore.  Flores  axillares  verticillati , aut 
capitati  terminates . 


M.  media , caule  obtusangulo  pubescente,  foliis  cordato-ovatis 
acuminatis  grosse  serratis  rugosis  supra  nitidis  subtus  pu- 
bescentibus,  capitulis  magnis  subproliferis,  bracteis  coloratis ; 
exterioribus  ovatis  acuminatis  serratis;  interioribus  lanceo- 
lato-linearibus  integerrimis,  labio  inferiore  lobo  medio  bifida. 

Monarda  media.  Willden.  enum.  1.  p.  32.  Link  enum.  1.  p.  9. 
Hort . sub.  lond.  p.  6 


Stems  erect,  bluntly  quadrangular,  from  18  inches 
to  2 feet  in  height,  branched,  slightly  pubescent,  of  a 
dark  purple  colour.  Leaves  opposite,  cordate,  ovate, 
taper-pointed,  sharply  serrate,  rugose;  upper  side  of 
a glossy  green,  underneath  pubescent,  particularly 
on  the  nerves,  points  a little  reflexed.  Petioles  short, 
deeply  channelled  on  the  upper  side,  and  convex  on 
the  lower,  very  hairy.  Flowers  in  a close  compact 
head,  of  a bright  purple,  the  upper  ones  expanding 
first.  Involucre  of  several  purple-coloured  bractes  ; 
the  outer  ones  ovate,  acuminate,  sharply  serrate,  pu- 
bescent; inner  ones  much  narrower,  lanceolate,  or 
linear,  entire,  and  terminated  in  a long  taper  point. 

2 c 2 


Calyx  cylindrical,  5- toothed,  striate,  bearded  between 
the  teeth,  the  teeth  erect,  rigid,  of  a dark  purple. 
Corolla  tubular,  very  slender  at  the  base,  gradually 
widening  upwards,  2-lipped,  pubescent : upper  lip 
straight,  narrow,  the  point  slightly  reflexed,  bent  in  at 
the  sides  so  as  to  enclose  the  stamens : lower  lip 
broader,  3-lobed,  side  lobes  short,  obtuse,  middle  one 
long,  cleft  at  the  point.  Stamens  2,  fertile,  and  the 
rudiments  of  2 barren  ones,  which  are  very  small  and 
gland-like,  all  inserted  in  the  tube : filaments  very 
slender,  smooth,  longer  than  the  corolla:  anthers 
joined  by  their  back  to  the  filaments,  connected. 
Style  smooth,  longer  than  the  stamens.  Stigma  bifid, 
the  divisions  unequal,  slightly  reflexed. 

A beautiful  hardy  perennial  plant,  native  of  North 
America,  but  when  first  introduced  to  this  country 
we  have  not  ascertained,  but  believe  it  was  first  brought 
home  by  Mr.  Lyons ; it  is  not  described  by  Mr.  Pursh, 
or  Nuttall,  in  their  Floras  of  North  America,  nor  is  it 
amongst  Mr.  Pursh’s  specimens  now  preserved  in 
Mr.  Lambert’s  Herbarium,  which,  by  the  kindness  and 
liberality  of  the  owner,  we  wrere  permitted  to  examine  ; 
the  first  account  of  the  plant  we  find  published,  is  in 
Willdenow’s  enumeration  of  the  plants  cultivated  in 
the  Botanic  Garden  at  Berlin,  where  it  had  probably 
been  received  from  the  English  Gardens.  It  is  a very 
desirable  plant  for  the  flower  garden,  both  from  the 
beauty  of  its  flowers,  and  its  agreeable  fragrance.  It 
thrives  well  in  the  open  air,  in  the  common  garden 
soil,  and  is  readily  increased  by  dividing  at  the  root. 

Drawn  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  last  Summer. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Upper  lip  of  the  Corolla.  3.  Lower  lip  of  ditto,  showing  the 
2 fertile  Stamens  bent  back,  and  the  2 barren  ones  between  them.  4.  Germen, 
Style,  and  Stigma. 


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LOBELIA  inflata. 

Bladder-podded  Lobelia. 


Natural  Order.  Lobeliacea:.  Jussieu . 

LOBELIA.  Corolla  tubo  hinc  fisso  (raro  integro ;)  limbo 
5-partito.  Anthera  connatse.  Stigma  bilobum  (nunc  indivi- 
sum.)  Capsula  bilocularis  (raro  3-Iocularis,)  apice  supero  bi- 
valvi. — Herbae  (v.  Suffrutices)  plerceque  lactescentes.  Folia 
alterna,  Integra  v.  laciniatay  rard  fistulosa.  Flores  racemosi 
terminates , v.  axillares  solitarii,  pedicellis  bibracteatis  v.  nudis . 
Antherae  sapiils  barbatce.  Brown  prodr.  562. 


L.  inflata , erecta,  ramosa,  hirsutissima,  foliis  ovatis  serratis, 
racemis  foliosis,  capsulis  inflatis.  Pursh  fl.  amer.  sept.  2. 
p . 448. 

Lobelia  inflata.  Willden.  sp.  pi.  1.  p.  946.  Pers.  sgn.  2. 
p.  213.  Nutt.  gen.  amer.  2.  p.  77.  Linn,  in  act.  upsal . 1741. 
p.  23.  1. 1.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  1.  p.  359.  Rcem.  et  Schult. 
sgst.  5.  p.  53. 


Annual.  Stem  erect,  branching,  very  hairy,  purple 
at  the  base,  from  1 to  2 feet  high  ; branches  slender, 
spreading,  hairy  at  the  base,  and  smooth  upwards. 
Leaves  ovate,  sessile,  running  down  the  stem  in  a wing 
on  each  side,  concave,  acute,  the  margins  folded  in- 
wards, undulately  serrate,  the  serratures  tipped  with 
a kind  of  white  gland§,  more  or  less  hairy  on  both 
sides,  strongly  nerved  underneath,  rugged.  Flowers 
in  terminal  leafy  racemes.  Peduncles  slender,  shorter 
than  the  leaves,  without  bractes.  Calyx  5-cleft,  seated 
on  the  inferior  germen,  segments  linear,  taper-pointed, 
spreading,  smooth,  or  scarcely  pubescent.  Corolla 
pale  blue  ; tube  longitudinally  cleft  on  the  upper  side, 


hairy  within,  and  bearded  at  the  mouth  ; limb  5-parted, 
upper  lacinise  erect,  or  slightly  reflexed,  linear,  acute ; 
lower  ones  ovate,  bluntish,  spreading.  Stamens  5 ; 
filaments  distinct,  hairy  at  the  base  : anthers  connected. 
Germen  ribbed.  Style  smooth.  Stigma  2-lobed, 
fringed.  Capsule  inflated,  nearly  globular,  crowned 
with  the  calyx. 

Our  drawing  of  this  pretty  annual  plant  was  taken 
at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill,  last  Autumn,  where  it 
was  raised  from  seeds  received  from  North  America. 
It  is  quite  hardy,  and  may  be  sown  in  the  open  borders 
the  latter  end  of  March,  or  beginning  of  April ; it 
prefers  a rich  light  soil,  and  an  open  situation,  as  much 
exposed  to  the  sun  as  possible ; for  if  it  grow  in  too 
shady  an  aspect,  the  seed  will  scarcely  come  to  per- 
fection, as  its  time  of  flowering  is  late  in  the  season. 
It  might  also  be  sown  in  pots  early  in  Spring,  and 
brought  forward  in  a greenhouse,  or  frame,  and  after- 
wards planted  into  the  borders ; by  that  means  the 
plants  will  flower  earlier,  and  the  seeds  will  be  more 
likely  to  come  to  maturity. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Corolla  spread  open.  3.  Stamens,  showing  the  distinct  Fila- 
ments and  united  Anthers.  4.  Germen,  terminated  by  the  Style  and  Stigma. 
5.  Ripe  Capsule. 


Jbam>q  & d*nif  : iIJoohi  hU  if:  folnaad  ban  caf«lJiw  fmu! 

; 6 imnniiL  .sjaib«aru|fc  'd&iliiijki  ^iu  to  eooo  lawol 
n:<\&Yvw  : *>rfj  ifi  viifid  «loflilaib 

Jv>dofdr  ■ dJoqaie  ,h*Hfdh 

hmyr*>'\  fhusi)  , bsteftm . ?>W<yO  .bsgani 

JKVffiO  5dl  ijilW 

ii  m^iUi  Jhiwiuk  i+i'A  jb/kd)  ..nIA  i > r\:^i>  'A  xtti  is 
dhoH  mo*ft  tmrao**!  atma  moil  fmiin  m w 

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itoaqa*  an  /fwirfa 
oil:  ;V>  y-  : j ?^dx  lo  onu}  a.1i  kb  <tro  load 

inia  ,^uhq^  nit  y#hfi  > d-.^q  n»  od  oda  idgitn  if 

•tafli;  l/Oi.:  .».■•  ni  Iriii  hya  hl^uoid 

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STACHYS  sibirica. 

Siberian  Hedge-nettle. 


Natural  Order.  Labiate.  Brown  prodr.  499. 

Sect.  III.  Stamina  4 fertilia.  Corolla  bilabiata.  Calyx 
5-fidus.  Juss . gen.  112. 

STACHYS.  Calyx  angulatus  5-dentatus  acuminatus. 
Corolla  labium  superius  fornicatum;  labium  inferius  lateribus 
reflexum ; intermedia  majore  emarginata.  Stamina  deflorata 
versus  latera  reflexa. — Flores  axillares  aut  verticillato-spicati 
verticillis  bracteatis , proximis  aut  distantibus. 


S.  sibirica , verticillis  multifloris,  calycibus  subpungentibus, 
foliis  ovato-oblongis  acuminatis  serratis  supra  hirtis  subtus 
mollissime  tomentosis,  caule  erecto  lanato. 

Stachys  sibirica.  Link  enum.  2.  p.  109. 


Perennial.  Stems  erect,  from  1 to  2 feet  high, 
bluntly  4-sided,  channelled,  thickly  clothed  with  long 
villous  down.  Leaves  opposite,  oblong,  or  ovate, 
tapering  to  a point,  sharply  serrate,  very  hairy  on  the 
upper  side,  and  densely  clothed  with  soft  wool  on  the 
lower:  lower  ones  cordate  at  the  base.  Petioles  short, 
much  flattened  and  furrowed  on  the  upper  sidey  and 
keeled  on  the  lower,  widened  at  the  base  and  clasping 
the  stem,  densely  villous.  Flowers  in  whorls  round 
the  stem,  of  a bright  lilac:  whorls  many-flowered. 
Bractes  numerous,  unequal,  linear,  taper-pointed,  vil- 
lous. Pedicles  short.  Calyx  ringent,  angular,  ven- 
tricose,  5-toothed,  villous,  teeth  taper-pointed,  fringed. 
Corolla  bilabiate,  hairy  outside ; upper  lip  entire, 
ovate,  arched  ; lower  one  large,  3-lobed,  rugose,  sides 


reflexed;  side  lobes  short  and  blunt;  terminal  one 
broad,  truncate,  margins  uneven.  Stamens  4,  inserted 
in  the  mouth,  the  2 lower  ones  rather  the  shortest : 
filaments  hairy:  anthers  incumbent.  Style  smooth, 
filiform.  Stigma  bifid,  points  spreading. 

The  present  subject  is  a hardy  perennial  plant, 
thriving  well  in  the  open  borders,  in  the  common  gar- 
den soil,  where  its  abundance  of  lively  blossoms  make 
a handsome  appearance ; those  are  produced,  in  suc- 
cession, from  June  to  August.  It  is  readily  increased 
by  dividing  at  the  root,  or  by  seeds,  which  ripen 
plentifully. 

Our  drawing  was  taken  at  the  Nursery  of  Mr.  Colvill, 
last  July. 


1.  Calyx.  2.  Upper  lip  of  the  Corolla.  3.  Lower  lip  of  ditto,  showing  the 
insertion  of  the  4 Stamens.  4.  Two  Stamens  detached,  showing  the  Anthers 
stuck  to  each  other.  5.  The  4 naked  Seeds,  with  the  Style,  and  divided 
Stigma. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

»S 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 


SYSTEMATICAL  INDEX 

TO 

VOLUME  I. 


Ranunculus  monspeliacus, 
v.  cuneatus  ........  .... 

Paeonia  lobata  • • • * 

Paeouia  paradoxa  fifimbriata  • • 

Glaucium  fulvum  

Mathiola  tricuspidata 

Schivereckia  podolica  ........ 

Iberis  Tenoreana  

Iberis  odorata  

Malcomia  Chia  

Malcomia  littorea 

Hesperis  fragrans 

Viola  pedata  

Dianthus  latifolius 

Silene  vespertina  

Silene  picta 

Linum  alpinum  

Malva  mauritiana 

Irapatiens  biflora  

Coronilla  iberica  

Orobus  albus  

Astragalus  tenuifolius  

Anthyllis  montanus  

Baptisia  exaltata  • • * 

Cuphea  viscosissima 

Rhexia  mariana  /??  rubella 

GEnotbera  macrocarpa 

Claytonia  sibirica  

Saxifraga  ligulata 

Richardsonia  seabra  

Centaurea  suaveolens  

Liatris  spicata * 

Liatris  sphoeroidea  

Liatris  squarrosa  

Ammobium  alatum 

Ageratum  mexicanum 

Coreopsis  lanceolata 

Coreopsis  tinctoria 

Rudbeckia  hirta  

Rudbeckia  serotina  * p 

Galinsogea  trilobata 

Chrysanthemum  sinense,  v.  invo- 

lutum  

Chrysanthemum  sinense,  v.  fas- 

ciculatum 

Calendula  hybrida 

Lobelia  inflata  

Gonolobus  hirsutus  

Phlox  triflora ... 

Ipomcea  barbigera  

Cuscuta  verrucosa 

N emophila  phacelioides  * • • • 


50 

94 

51 

70 

52 

19 

53 

35 

54 

46 

55 

77 

56 

88 

57 

50 

58 

40 

59 

54 

60 

61 

61 

69 

62 

2 

63 

58 

64 

92 

65 

17 

66 

81 

67 

43 

68 

25 

69 

22 

70 

73 

71 

79 

72 

97 

73 

60 

74 

41 

75 

5 

76 

16 

77 

59 

78 

91 

79 

51 

80 

49 

81 

87 

82 

44 

83 

48 

84 

89 

85 

10 

86 

72 

87 

82 

88 

4 

89 

56 

90 

91 

7 

92 

93 

14 

94 

39 

95 

99 

96 

1 

97 

29 

98 

86 

99 

6 

100 

32 

Verbascum  pyrainidatum  • 

Datura  Tatula • 

Hyoscyamus  agrestis 

Hyoscyamus  physaloides  « • 
Hyoscyamus  orientalis  • * • • 

Saracha  umbellata 

Veronica  neglecta 

Veronica  latifoiia  

Wulfenia  carinthiaca 

Sehizanthus  pinnatus 

Schizanthus  porrigens  * • » • 

Mazus  rugosus  * • • 

Pedicularis  canadensis  • • 

Linaria  bipartita 

Monarda  media  

Salvia  Tenorii  

Phlomis  laciniata  

Phlomis  pungens  

Stachys  sibirica  • • * 

Dracocephalum  speciosum 
Dracocephalum  argunense 
Dracocephalum  canescens 

Scutellaria  orientalis 

Scutellaria  alpina  

Scutellaria  Column® 

Primula  Palinuri  

Soldanella  montana  

Cyclamen  vernum  

Lysimachia  verticillata 

Globularia  vulgaris  

Globularia  cordifolia 

Taxanthema  tatarica 
Oxybaphus  Cervantesii-  • • • 

Asarum  virginicum 

Asarum  canadense 

Orchis  spectabilis • 

Habenaria  bracteata 

Neottia  cernua  

Cypripedium  parviflorum  . • 
Cypripedium  pubescens  * • 

Iris  hungarica * * * 

Iris  verna 

Iris  dichotoma  

Renealmia  grandiflora 
Muscari  botryoides.  a.  (5.  y 
Hemerocallis  disticha  • • • • 

Lilium  spectabile  

Tulipa  pubescens  

Yucca  glaucescens  * 

Commeiina  coelestis  

Symplocarpus  foetidus  • • » » 

2 D 


31 

83 

27 
13 
12 
85 
55 

23 
66 

63 
76 

36 

67 
30 
98 
26 

24 
33 

100 

93 

47 

38 

45 

90 

52 
8 

11 

9 

21 

20 

S4 

37 

84 
18 

95 
65 
62 
42 
80 
7 i 

74 

68 

96 

64 
15 

28 

75 
78 

53 
3 

57 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX 

TO 

VOLUME  I. 


Ageratum  mexicanum  89 

Ammobium  alatum 48 

Anthyllis  montana  ••••« 79 

Asarum  canadense 95 

Asarum  virginicum  18 

Astragalus  tenuifolius  73 

Baptisia  exaltata  - 97 

Calendula  hybrida 39 

Centaurea  suaveolens  51 

Chrysanthemum  sinense  var.fascicu - 

latum  14 

Chrysanthemum  sinense  var.  involu- 

turn  7 

Claytonia  sibirica  16 

Commelina  ccelestis  3 

Coreopsis  lanceolata 10 

Coreopsis  tinctoria  72 

Coronilla  iberica  25 

Cuphea  viscosissima 60 

Cuscuta  verrucosa 6 

Cyclamen  vernum 9 

Cypripedium  parviflorum 80 

Cypripedium  pubescens  71 

Datura  Tatula 83 

Dianthus  latifolius 2 

Dracocephalum  argunense  47 

Dracocephalum  canescens  38 

Dracocephalum  speciosum  93 

Galinsogea  trilobata  56 

Glaucium  fulvum  35 

Globularia  cordifolia 34 

Globularia  vulgaris  20 

Gonolobus  hirsutus 1 

Habenaria  bracteata 62 

Hemerocallis  disticha  28 

Hesperis  fragrans  61 

Hyoscyamus  agrestis  27 

Hyoscyamus  orientalis 12 

Hyoscyamus  physaloides 13 

Iberis  odorata  50 

lb  eris  Tenoreana  88 

Impatiens  biflora  43 

Ipomrea  barbigera 86 

Iris  dichotoma 96 

Iris  hungarica  • - • • 74 

Iris  verna  68 

Liatris  sphaeroidea 87 

Liatris  spicata  • • 49 

Liatris  squarrosa 44 

Lilium  spectabile  75 

Linaria  bipartita 30 


Linum  alpinum  • • 17 

Lobelia  inflata • . 99 

Lysimachia  verticillata  • • • • - 21 

Malcomia  Chia  40 

Malcomia  littorea 54 

Malva  mauritiana 81 

Mathiola  tricuspidata  ....  46 

Mazus  rugosus  36 

Monarda  media 98 

Muscari  botryoides.  a.  (3.  y. 15 

Nemophila  phacelioides  32 

Neottia  cernua  42 

CEnothera  macrocarpa 5 

Orchis  spectabilis  65 

Orobus  albus  22 

Oxybaphus  Cervantesii  84 

Pseonia  lobata 70 

Paeonia  paradoxa  fi.fimbriata 19 

Pedicularis  canadensis 67 

Phlomis  laciniata  

Phlomis  pungens  33 

Phlox  triflora 29 

Primula  Palinuri  8 

Ranunculus  monspeliacus  euneatus  94 

Renealmia  grandiflora  64 

Rhexia  mariana/L  rubella  41 

Richardsonia  scabra 91 

Rudbeckia  hirta  82 

Rudbeckia  serotina  4 

Salvia  Tenorii  26 

Saracha  umbellata 85 

Saxifraga  ligulata  59 

Schivereckia  podolica  77 

Schizanthus  pinnatus  63 

Schizanthus  porrigens  • 76 

Scutellaria  alpina  * 90 

Scutellaria  Column*  52 

Scutellaria  orientalis - 45 

Silene  picta  * •«.  92 

Silene  vespertina  58 

Soldanella  montana  11 

Stachys  sibirica  100 

Symplocarpus  foetidus  57 

Taxanthema  tatarica 37 

Tulipa  pubescens  78 

Verbascum  pyramid  atom  * 31 

Veronica  latifolia  23 

Veronica  neglecta 55 

Viola  pedata  69 

Wulfenia  carinthiaca  66 

Y ucca  glaucescens ................  53 


ENGLISH  INDEX 


TO 

VOLUME  I. 


Adam’s-Needle,  glaucescent  • 53 

Ageratum,  Mexican  89 

Ammobium,  winged-stalked  48 

Asarabacca,  Canadian 95 

Asarabacca,  Virginian 18 

Baptisia,  tall  upright  •*••••  97 

Bitter- Vetch,  white-flowered 22 

Candy-tuft,  sweet-scented  50 

Candy-tuft,  Tenore’s  . • 88 

Catchfly,  evening  58 

Catehfly,  painted-flowered  92 

Chrysanthemum,  curled  lilac  7 

Chrysanthemum,  superb  clustered 

yellow  14 

Claytonia,  Siberian  • * 16 

Commelina,  sky-blue  3 

Coreopsis,  dyeing,  or  Arkansa  ••••  72 
Coreopsis,  spear-leaved  10 

Coronilla,  Iberian 25 

Crowfoot,  wedge-leaved  Montpelier  94 

Cuphea,  viscous  60 

Cuscuta,  warted-calyxed  Nepaul  ••  6 

Cyclamen,  vernal  9 

Day-Lily,  fan-like 28 

DragonVhead,  beautiful 93 

Dragon’s-head,  Fischer’s • • • * 47 

Dragon’s-head,  hoary-leaved  ......  38 

Flax,  Alpine  17 

Galinsogea,  three-lobed  56 

Globularia,  common  or  blue  daisy  • • 20 

Globularia,  wedge-leaved 34 

Gonolobus,  hairy  1 

Habenaria,  long-bracted 62 

Hedge-nettle,  Siberian 100 

Henbane,  Hungarian  field  ........  27 

Henbane,  oriental - 12 

Henbane,  purple-flowered  ........  13 

Horned-Poppy,  orange-coloured  • • 35 

Ipomcea,  bearded-calyxed  86 

Iris,  forked  petaled  96 

Iris,  sickle-leaved  Hungarian 74 

Iris,  vernal  American  * 68 

Kidney- Vetch,  mountain 79 

Ladies’-slipper,  small-flowered  » • • * 80 

Ladies’-slipper,  yellow-downy* •••-•  71 

Liatris,  globular-cupped  87 

Liatris,  long-spiked  • 49 

Liatris,  squarrose-cupped  • • * 44 

Lily,  showy  Siberian  75 

Lobelia,  bladder-podded  * • • 99 

Loose-strife,  whorled  .......  ....  21 


Lychnidea,  pubescent-stemmed  ....  29 


Malcomia,  dwarf  branching  ......  40 

Malcomia,  tomentose  54 

Mallow,  Ivy-leaved  81 

Marygold,  great  Cape - 39 

Mazus,  China  * 36 

Milk-vetch,  narrow-leaved  ........  73 

Monarda,  bright  purple  » - 98 

Mullein,  pyramidal  31 

Muscari,  grape  15 

Nemophila,  Phacelia  like 32 

Neottia,  nodding-flowered  42 

CEnothera,  large-capsuled  ........  5 

Orchis,  showy  American 65 

Poeony,  double  fringed  19 

Paeony,  lobed-leaved  70 

Pedicularis,  Canadian  67 

Phlomis,  jagged- leaved 24 

Phlomis,  pungent  bracted  - 33 

Pink,  broad-leaved  2 

Primrose,  unequal-bracted 8 

Rattlesnake’s-master 44 

Renealmia,  largest  flowered  64 

Rhexia,  Maryland,  stained  variety.  • 41 

Richardsonia,  rough-leaved 91 

Rocket,  evening  scented - 61 

Rudbeckia,  great  hairy  82 

Rudbeckia,  late  flowering  4 

Sage,  Tenore’s  • •• 26 

Saracha,  umbel-flowered 85 

Saxifrage,  fringe-leaved  Nepaul  • • • • 59 

Schivereckia,  canescent  77 

Schizanthus,  spreading »*•••  76 

Schizanthus,  winged-leaved  ......  63 

Sea-Lavender,  Tartarian 37 

Skull-cap,  Alpine 90 

Skull-cap,  Columna’s  52 

Skull-cap,  yellow-flowered 45 

Soldanella,  mountain  11 

Speedwell,  broad-leaved 23 

Speedwell,  canescent  55 

Stock,  three-forked  * • 46 

Sultan,  yellow  sweet  or  Centaury  • • 51 

Symplocarpus,  foetid  or  Scunkweed  57 

Thorn-apple,  pale  blue  83 

Toad-flax,  cloven  flowered  • 30 

Touch  me  not,  two-flowered  43 

Tulip,  pubescent  stalked 78 

Umbrella-wort,  Cervantes’ 84 

Violet,  cut-leaved 69 

W ulfenia,  Carinthian  66 


ERRATA. 


No.  C,  over  leaf,  line  6 from  the  bottom,  for  “ an  hardy 
annual,”  read  “ a hardy  annual.” 


No.  28,  line  12  from  the  bottom,  for  “ Thumb”  read 
“ Thumb?’ 


No.  85,  line  14  from  the  top,  for  “ mosnp.”  read  “ morisp” 
line  17,  for  “ Jacq.  schocebr.”  read  “ Jacg.  schcenbr  ” 


No.  94,  line  6 from  the  bottom,  for  “ Best  syst.”  read 
“ Besl.  eyst” 


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