<•■.■•..••♦•■«■'■■'..«• -'■■•■•..'..•».(,.(.., H| Wm BSeHQMI BUI • 4- HYMENOMYCETES BRITANNICI " Pleniorem dabit lucem futura setas." ffigmtnomyttttg asrttanntn BRITISH FUNGI (H YMENOM YCE TES ) i BY REV. JOHN STEVENSON AUTHOR OF ' MYCOLOGIA SCOTICA ' HON. SEC. CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND WITH ILLUSTRATIONS IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II. CORTINARIUS— DACRYMYCES WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCLXXXVI , S7J HYMENOMYCETES. ORDER I.— AGARICINI. Genus V. — Cortinarius (cortiua, a veil). Fr. Epicr. p. 255. Veil arachnoid, distinct from the cuticle of the ftileus, superficial. Hymenophore continuous with the stem. Gills persistent, arid, changing colour, 'pulverulent with the spores which fall off slowly. Trama fibrillose. Spores globose or oblong, here and there apiculate, somewhat ochraceous on white paper. Growing on the ground in woods, putrefying. Fr. Hy?n. Eur. p. 335. The most natural of the genera of Agaricini, but not easily defined by artificial characters. The veil and the gills present the chief marks of distinction. The gills generally become cinnamon-coloured. Very rare or altogether wanting in hot countries, but generally abundant in northern woods. All autumnal. They present a very different appearance in different stages of growth, and in the various stages according as they are moist or dry. It is necessary, therefore, to examine species both in their earlier and later stages. Some FlammulcE resemble them, but can scarcely be confounded with them. cium. Tribe I. PHLEGMACIUM (4>AeVaj clammy moisture). Par- phkgma- tial veil arachnoid. Pileus equally fleshy, viscous. Stem firm, dry. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 336. f Cliduchii (C. cliduchus. KAeiSoux°?, nkeis, a club ; «xw. to have). Partial veil superior, pendulous in the form of a ring from the apex of the nearly equal or clavate stem. * Gills pallid then clay-colour. VOL. II. A Phlegma- cium. 2 AGARIC1NI. ** Gills violaceous or purplish then cinnamon. *** Gills yellow, cinnamon, ferruginous (not at first whitish or violaceous). **** Gins olivaceous. ft SCAURI (C. scaurus, club-footed). Bulb depressed or turbinate, mar- ginate. Stem fleshy, fibrous, cortina commonly inferior, arising from the margin of the bulb. Pileus equally fleshy. Gills somewhat sinuate. The margin of the bulb is a kind of cir- cularly split volva. In many instances it has been observed conjoined with the cover- ing of the pileus, in others free and volva- ceous. Hence the stem is never sheathed with the universal veil, nor at the first, as in the next group, extended, and scarcely ever farinaceous or clothed at the apex, but like group ** of Amanitas at first enclosed within the pileus and bulb, which are applied to each other like two small balls. The im- pression on the bulb around the stem arises from the margin of the pileus pressing upon it at first. There are a few species which are intermediate between Scauri and Clidu- chii, the pileus at first embracing the stem to the very base, whence the bulb is nearly wanting, but the base itself is marginate. * Gills whitish, then clay-coloured or pale cinnamon . ** Gills violaceous, dark blue, purplish, at length cinnamon. *** Gills ferruginous, tawny or yellow. **** Gills olivaceous. +tt Elastici. Cortina simple, thin, fugacious, medial or inferior. Stem at the first extended, somewhat thin, never marginato-bulbous or sheathed, but rigid-elastic, externally somewhat cartilaginous, polished, shining, naked at the apex, at length most frequently hollow. Pileus thin, often hygroph- anous. * Gills whitish, then clay-coloured or dirty-cinnamon. ** Gills violaceous, purplish, flesh-coloured. *** Gills pure ochre, tawny, or ferruginous. **** Gills olivaceous, fuligi?ious. XL. Cortinarius (Phlegmaciuni) fulgens. One-third natural size. t Cliduchii. * Gills pallid then clay-coloured. 1. C. triumphans Fr.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, yellow with a tinge of brown or ochraceous when moist, yellow when dry, variegated at the disc with minute adpressed spot-like scales or wholly naked, fleshy, not very thick, convexo-plane, ob- tuse, regular, margin even, not bent inwards; flesh alike of pileus and stem compact, white. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, solid, firm, attenuated from the ovato-bulbous base, striate, yellowish-white, adorned with tawny scales arranged in 7nany circles (or rings) ; the partial cortina superior, woven, somewhat ringed. Gills emarginate, crowded, CORTINARIUS. 3 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, with a small decurrent tooth which ends Phiegma- determinately in a continuous mealy white zone, densely veined clum' at the sides, plane, whitish or inclining to very pale bluish grey, at length clay-colour and somewhat cinnamon. Large, splendid, from its zones of scales recalling A. Vittadinii. The scales readily fall off. A smaller form occurs in dry birch woods. In grassy ground. Rare. Sept. Spores ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 12-16 x 5-6 mk. K. ; pruniform, punc- tate, 12-13 mk. Q. Name — from the stem resembling a triumphal column. Fr. Motiogr. ii. p. 4. Hym. Eur. p. 336. Icon. t. 141./. 1. B. & Br. n. 1263. 5. Glycol. Scot. n. 445. A. sublanatus Huss. ii. t. 22. 2. C. claricolor Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more broad, yellow, unchangeable, wholly fleshy, convexo-flattened, and at length depressed, at the first everywhere, soon only round the margin veiled with superficial, silky-pruinose, villous down, then wholly smooth, even, for the most part however broken into scales. Stem solid, hard, white, wholly clothed as far as the superior cortina (above which it is white-mealy) with white scaly flocci or lax down, but when full grown the cortina and scales alike disappear, otherwise sometimes curt, bulbous, sometimes elongated and conico-attenuated or cylindrical ; flesh of the pileus and stem white. Gills sometimes emarginate, almost free, some- times adnate, crowded, at the first whitish then clay-colour, the edge unequal. Very changeable in form, but always very robust and compact. Interme- diate between C. triumphans and C. turmalis. In a var. the gills are at first slightly bluish-grey. In mixed woods. Glamis, &c. Sept.-Nov. Spores pruniform, nucleate, 11-12x6-8 mk. C.B.P. ; 12x6 mk. IV. P. Name — clarus, clear ; color, colour. Of pure colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 5. Hym. Eur. p. 336. Icon. t. 141./. 2. B. & Br. n. 1541. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 446. Quel. Grev. t. 102. f. 1. 3. C. turmalis Fr.— Pileus yellow-tan, most frequently darker at the disc, not changeable, compact, convex then plane, very obtuse, even, smooth (sometimes obsoletely piloso-virgate), when young veiled with pruinate but very fugacious villous down, soon naked, viscid; flesh white. Stem sometimes 7.5 cent. (3 in.), sometimes 15 cent. (6 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.), thick, solid, very hard, rigid, cylindrical, here and there attenuated at the base, shining white when dry, when young sheathed with a white woolly veil, naked when full grown. Cortina entirely fibrillose, superior and persistent in the form of a ring, at length ferruginous with cium 4 AGARICINI. Phlegma- the spores. Gills variously adnexed, rounded or emarginate, even decurrent with a tooth, crowded, serrated, white then clay-colour. Densely crowded in large heaps. Dependent on the weather. The flesh is not so hard and compact as that of C. claricolor, wherefore the pi leu s is never broken into scales. The gills never turn bluish-grey. The mealy and fioccose covering is a universal veil ; in C. triu7nphans it is concentrically tawny- scaly, in C. claricolor, white-woolly-scaly, in C. turmalis, white-woolly, soon naked. In mixed woods. Glamis, &c. Sept.-Oct. Spores "8-9x5 mk. K.; 8x5 mk. IV. P. Name — turma, a troop. From its habit of growth. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 5. Hym. Eur. p. 336. B. & Br. n. 1774. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 447. 4. C. sebaceus Fr. — Pileus 6-12.5 cent. (2^-5 in-) broad, uni- colorous, pale, of the colour of tallow, equally fleshy, convex then rather plane, commonly very repand, viscid, smooth, but at the first covered over with a whitish prtiinose lust?-e; flesh white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm.-2.5 cent. {}4-i in.) thick, solid, stout, compact, never bulbous, often twisted and com- pressed, slightly fibrillose, pale white. Cortina delicate, fuga- cious, adhering only to the margin of the pileus. Gills emar- ginate, not crowded, connected by veins, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, clay-colour or pallid cinnamon, paler at the sides. The flesh of the pileus is not compact at the disc and abruptly thin at the circumference, but equally attenuated towards the margin. The flesh of the stem is white. The gills never turn bluish-grey. Taste mild. In mixed woods. Glamis, &c. Sept.-Nov. Spores pale cinnamon, Fr. Name — sebum, tallow. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 7. Hym. Eur. p. 337. Icon. t. 143. /. 1. B. & Br. n. 1542. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 448. Grevillea, t. 83. "** Gills violaceous, dr'c. 5. C. varius Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, bright ferruginous-tawny, compact, hemispherico-flattened, very obtuse, regular, slightly viscid, even, smooth, the thin margin at first in- curved, appendiculate with the cortina; flesh firm, white. Stem curt, 4-6 cent. {\l/z-2% in.) long, 2.5 cent, (r in.) and more thick, bulbous, absolutely immarginate, compact, shining while, adpress- edly flocculose, the superior veil pendulous. Gills emarginate, thin, somewhat crowded, at first narrow, violaceous-purplish, then broader and ochraceous-cinnamon, always quite entire. Variable in stature, but the habit and colours are always unchangeable. It varies with the stem taller and somewhat equal, the pileus yellow-tawny, and the gills dark blue. CORTINARIUS. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Phiegma l mini cium. Name — varius, changeable. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 8. Hym. Eur. p. 338. Berk. Out. p. 183. C. Hbk. n. 487. Ag. Schceff. t. 42. 6. C. cyanopus Fr. — Pileus 6 cent. {2% in.) broad, at first date-brown-livid, then tan and opaque, fleshy when unfolded, flattened, obtuse, regular, viscid in rainy weather, in fine weather dry opaque and even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, firm, ventricoso-bulbous, but always immarginate, above the bulb attenuated upwards, naked (neither fibrillose nor mealy) and white, violaceous above. Gills at first adnate, then emarginate, broad (6-8 mm., 3-4 lin.), not much crowded, in the same cluster intensely violaceous and pallid bluish-grey, soon changing colour to cinnamon, edge unequal. The pileus when young is hemispherical, not embracing the bulb but the apex of the stem, the cortina extending from the closely involute margin to the apex of the stem. The stem when young is ovato-bulbous, when full grown depressed and oblique (somewhat rhomboid) at the base, more than 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, soft and spongy. The gills are less crowded than those of its allies. The flesh of the stem in its earliest stage is dingy white, variegated purple-violaceous above, that of the pileus dingy white, when full grown wholly white. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores 10x5 mk. W.P. Name — kwo?, dark blue; vov?, afoot. From the colour of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 9. Hym. Eur. p. 338. Berk. Otit. p. 184. C. Hbk. n. 488. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 449. Quel. Grev. t. 102. f. 2. A. glaucopus Sow. t. 223. 7. C. largus Fr.— Pileus 10-15 cent- (4-6 in.) broad, commonly date-brown-tawny, fleshy, compact at the broad disc, thin at the circumference, convexo-flattened, very obtuse, slightly viscid on the surface, adpressedly silky-fibrillose when dry, commonly rivuloso-squamulose, sometimes fibrillose towards the margin ; flesh wholly fibrous, firm, whitish-bluish-grey , becoming white when exposed to the air. Stem solid, sometimes shorter, slightly bulbous, 6 cent. {2)4. in.) long, commonly elongated, 10-12. 5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick and equal, often curved and ascending, wholly fibrillose, the superior cortina pendulous, above which the stem is pruinose, white ti?ited viola- ceous; flesh same as that of pileus. Gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, crowded, 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, at first bluish-grey-clay-colour, then cinnamon. Somewhat casspitose. The pileus when young is sometimes violet such as is here and there observed round the margin of full-grown specimens. When bruised the stem is sometimes bloody. AGARICINI. Phlegma- In pine woods. Herefordshire. Sept.-Oct. cuun. Name — largus, large. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 10. Hym. Eur. p. 339. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. Quel. Grev. t. 103. f. 1. 8. C. Kiederi Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, ochraceous, compact, campanulato-expanded, obtusely umbonate, even, glu- tinous, shining when dry; flesh watery. Stem 10-12. 5 cent. (4-5 in.) long-, solid, clavate, lilac-silky and tawny-fibrillose. Gills adnate, rather thick, eroded, lilac then cinnamon. Pileus slimy when moist, obsoletely streaked. Allied to the Myxacia. In pine woods. Herefordshire. Sept.-Oct. Name — After Rieder. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 339. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. Quel. Grev. t. 104./*. 1. *** Gills yellow, citmamon, &*c. 9. C. saginus Fr. — Pileus 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, yellow, fleshy, plano-convex, irregular, repand, viscous; flesh soft, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more thick, solid, somewhat bulbous, fibrillose, light yellowish, naked at the apex. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, not very conspicuous. Gills truly decurre?it, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, attenuated at both ends, dingy pallid then cinnamon, eroded at the edge. Very gregarious, somewhat caespitose. In woods. Hereford, &c. Name — sagina, corpulence. From its size. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 12. Hym. Eur. p. 340. Grevillea, vol. v. p. 56, vi. /. 92. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 216. 10. C. russus Fr.— Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, unicolorous, rufous, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, viscid, smooth at the disc, imiately fibrillose round the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, attenu- ated upwards, not bulbous, often curved -ascending, soft, ad- pressedly fibrillose, pale-white, delicately pruinate at the apex. Cortina very tender, fugacious. Gills obtusely adnate (scarcely perceptibly rounded), 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, crowded, con- nected by veins, rufous-ferruginous. Well distinguished by its coppery-rufous pileus, bitter nauseous taste, and by the softyf^ being whitish-Jiesh-colour. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — russus, red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 13. Hym. Eur. p. 341. C. Hbk. n. 489. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 450. Worth. Smith, Trans. Woolh. CI. 1870, /. 1. CORTINARIUS. 7 **** Qffls olivaceOllS. Phlegma- cium. 11. C. anfractus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, dark olivaceous, becoming fuliginous- tawny, equally fleshy, but at length very irregular at the thin bent in margin, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, 12 mm. {y2 in.) and more thick, clavate, immarginate, ascending, fibrillose, very dingy, violaceous at the apex, here and there hollow within. Cortina superior, but not in the form of a ring. Flesh whitish, obsoletely violaceous at the apex of the stem. Gills emarginate, distant, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, crisped, olivaceous-fuliginous. The pileus is always zoneless, but it varies fuliginous when moist, when dry yellowish-olivaceous, with tiger-spots. It is often pitted and depressed round the margin, which is at length lobed. It varies regular. In woods. Rare. King's Cliffe, &c. The whole plant when young is covered with a white volva. M.J.B. Spores 6x4 mk. W.P. Name — anfractus, bent, waved, repand. Of the margin of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 14. Hym. Eur. p. 341. Berk. Out. p. 184. C. Hbk. n. 496. Quel. Grev. t. 104./". 3. tf SCAURI. * Gills whitish, then clay-coloured, &C. 12. C. multiformis Fr. — Pileus unicolorous, light-yellow, clay- yellow, tawny, &c, fleshy, regular, convex then flattened, very obtuse and at length depressed, for the most part very viscous, even, smooth. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, about 12 mm. (f/z in.) thick, solid, equal or attenuated, somewhat smooth or adpressedly fibrillose, naked (not pruinose), white then yellowish, with a somewhat marginate bulb. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, white. Flesh white, at first compact then soft, that of the pileus at length slightly yellow. Gills emarginate, free or with a small decurrent tooth, very thin, crowded, tense and straight, not broad, serrulated, at first white, then clay-colour. Very changeable. Odour and taste mild. It is distinguished by the colour being by no means violet and not hygrophanous , by the white Jlesh, and by the crowded serrulated gills being at the first whitish. According to the state of the atmosphere it is very viscid or somewhat dry, then often sprinkled with the universal white veil, the thin margin deflexed. The pileus often varies spotted, and when taller streaked with fibrils ; moreover lacunoso-sulcate, &c. The bulb is about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. I have seen the bulb so margined as to give the impression of a volva like that of A. panthcrinus. M.J.B. Spores ochraceous, Fr. ; pruniform, nucleate, punctate, 5-6x2-3 mk. C.B.P.; 7x4 mk. W.P. Name — ?nultus, 8 AGARICINI. Phlegma- for7na. Very various in shape. Fr. Honour, ii. p. 15. Hym. Eur. p. 343. cium. Berk. Out. p. 184. C. Hbk. n. 491. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 451. Quel. Grev. t. 104. f. 4. A. turbinatus Sow. t. 102. 13. C. napus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuliginous, then date - brown - tawny, fleshy, convexo- plane, obtuse, even, smooth, glutinous, the regular margin bent inwards; flesh com- pact, white, with a horny line (hymenophore) next the gills. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, solid, equal, ascending, smooth, firm, white, at length becoming yellow at the base, inserted in an obconic, acutely and obliquely marginate bulb. Gills emarginate, somewhat distant, broad, crisped, whitish- fuliginous, hyaline at the sides. It differs conspicuously from species near to it in the broad, crisped, some- what distant, whitish-fuliginous gills. In pine woods. Hereford. Oct. Name — napus, a turnip. From the bulb. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 16. Hym. Eur. p. 343. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 41. 14. C. talus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, of a yel- lowish dirty colour, becoming pale, margin somewhat olivaceous, yellowish, fleshy, thin, equal, convexo-plane, even, smooth, vis- cous ; flesh watery, dingy pallid-whitish, with hyaline spots, and variegated with a horny line next the gills. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {%. in.) thick, solid, equal, cylindrical (not oblique), becoming smooth, marginato-bulbous at the base, pale. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, beautiful straw-colour or ochrey- pallid, scarcely changing colour. Very pretty, very much allied to C. turbinatus, but quite distinct in its colours. The bulb is small, somewhat round, marginate. In woods. Epping Forest. Oct. Name — talus, an ankle bone. From the swelling at the base of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 17. Hym. Eur. p. 344. Icon. t. 145. / 2. Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. ** Gills violaceous, &*c. 15. C. glaucopus Fr. — Pileus dingy yellow, tan-tawny or clay- colour, very fleshy, at first bent inwards, then flattened and unequal, somewhat repand, slightly viscid, rarely even, commonly floccoso-scaly, often marked with a raised fuscous-blackish zone round the margin ; flesh compact, white. Stem solid, very stout, at first in the form of a bulb (2.5 cent., 1 in.), and marginato- bulbous, fibrillose, woolly, chiefly at the apex, at length elongated (7.5 cent., 3 in.), the bulb vanishing, but the base remaining cium. CORTINARIUS. marginate, more than 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, azure-blue-pallid ; Phlegma- internally pale azure-blue, becoming yellow at the base. Gills rounded and emarginate, crowded, sometimes crisped, azure-blue, at length cinnamon. Very changeable and variable. The above is the earlier form. Later it appears in great troops and is very robust. Pileus compact, very large, un- dulated and tiger- spotted, ochraceous or becoming tawny, when young regular and convex, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, at length flattened and depressed, 20 cent. (8 in.) broad. Stem somewhat equal, marginate at the base, white or yellowish, fibrillose and striate, naked at the apex. Flesh alike of the pileus and stem yellowish, that of the stem dark yellow below. Gills sinuate, with a small decurrent tooth, 12 mm. {% in.) broad, somewhat crowded, bluish-grey then clay-colour and somewhat cinnamon. In pine woods. Frequent. Aug. -Oct. Spores sphaeroid- ellipsoid, .8-9x5 mk. K. Name — y\avKos, pale blue; n-ov's, a foot. With pale blue stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 18. Hym. Eur. p. 344. Berk. Out. p. 184. C. Hbk. n. 492. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 452. Quel. Grev. t. 104./ 5. Ag. Schceff. t. 53. 16. C. calochrous Fr. — Pileus tawny, yellow round the margin, compact, convex, then plane, obtuse, viscid, guttate, commonly stained with soil; margin short, regularly involute, when un- folded often flexuous ; flesh very white. Stem curt, 4-5 cent. (i}4-2 in.) long, solid, firm, marginato-bulbous, bulb very de- pressed, otherwise equal, fibrillose, yellowish, never becoming- dark blue. Cortina marginal, fugacious, yellow. Gills emargin- ate, crowded, serrated, of a beautiful dark blue-purple. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Name — *caA.6?, beautiful ; XP^?> colour. Fr. Mo?iogr. ii. p. 19. Hym. Eur. p. 345. Berk. Out. p. 185. /. 12. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 493. Quel. Grev. t. 105. f. 1. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 453. 17. C. caerulescens Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.), and more broad, dingy yellow, somewhat clay-colour, but varying fuscous- yellowish, &c, equally fleshy, convex, at length plane, obtuse, regular, even, rather smooth, but often streaked with fibrils, vis- cid, when dry shining or opaque ; flesh violaceous, growing white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick (the bulb more than 2.5 cent., 1 in. thick), solid, equally attenuated upwards from the marginate bulb, firm, at first fibrillose, of a charming violet colour, then naked, becoming pale, whitish. Cortina fibril- lose, fugacious. Gills somewhat adnate, slightly rounded, thin, very crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, at first beautifully and in- tensely azure-blue, then purplish, at length dingy-cinnamon. When young the plant is here and there wholly azure-blue. The bulb is here IO AGARICINI. Phlegma- and there obliterated with age, always white beneath. Neither the gills when cmm. bruised nor the flesh when broken ever change colour (intensely azure-blue), but the gills become purple and at length cinnamon. Odour scarcely any. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Spores subellipsoid, 9-10x5-6 mk. K. Name — caruleus, azure. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 19. Hym. Eur. p. 345. Berk. Out. p. 185. C. Hbk. n. 494. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 454. Quel. Grev. t. 105. f. 3. A. calochrous b. Letell. t. 651. — Schceff. t. 34 (not good). Vent. t. 32./. 1-3. 18. C. purpurascens Fr. — Pileus 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, bay-brown or date-brown-olivaceous, then tawny-olivaceous, tiger- spotted, and often depressed round the margin, which is at first inflexed then repand, marked with a raised fuscous zone, fleshy, compact at the disc, obtuse, repand, variable, smeared with dense gluten, but opaque when dry; flesh wholly azure-blue. Stem solid, thick, bulbous, wholly fibrillose, intensely pallid azure-blue, darker when touched, bulb somewhat marginate. Gills broadly emarginate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad, crowded, azure-blue- clay, then cinnamon, violaceous-purple when bruised. Readily distinguished from species near to it (especially C. glaucopus) by its gills soon changing colour and becoming spotted with p7irple when touched. The primary form is curt, robust, very compact, juicy, azure-blue-purplish when touched. There is another form, in dense beech woods, somewhat caespitose, the longer stem somewhat twisted, pileus undulated, as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) broad, toast-brown then clay-colour and at length cinnamon with the spores. Gills at first bluish-grey-purplish ; otherwise as above. In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Nov. The marginal zone is not constant. M.J.B. Name — from the gills becom- ing purple when bruised. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 20. Hym. Eur. p. 345. Be?-k. Out. p. 185. C. Hbk. n. 495. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 455. Quel. Grev. t. 105. /. 2. ' * C. subpurpurascens Fr. — Pileus tawny-fuliginous, becoming pale, not compact, obtuse, at length very much dilated and undulato-flexuous, viscous, obsoletely streaked with fibrils, some- what spotted ; flesh soft, whitish (very faint azure-blue), U7i- cha?igeable. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, at length hollow, somewhat cylindrical, marginato-bulbous at the base, fibrillose below, naked above, smooth, slightly striate, pale azure-blue or whitish. Gills sometimes emarginate, almost free, sometimes decurrent, pallid then cinnamon, becoming purple when bruised. In woods. Epping Forest. Oct. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 21. Hym. Eur. p. 346. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 42. Batschf. 74. C0RTINAR1US. 1 I *** Gills ferruginous, &r=c. Phlegma C1U1I1. 19. C. dibaphus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, purplish, disc yellowish, and at length variegated with lilac, fleshy, convex then plane, at length depressed, somewhat repand, viscous, smooth ; flesh yellow, variegated under the pellicle with a violet line. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, marginato-bulbous, stuffed, fibrillose, yellow, shining, purplish at the apex, light yellowish within. Gills adnate, slightly rounded, somewhat crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, quite entire, purplish- ferruginous. Odour and taste mild. In woods, beech and oak. Fordingbridge, Hants. Spores 8x11 mk. W.G.S. Name— Si-j3ao?, twice dipped or dyed. Of two colours. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 21. Hym. Eur. p. 346. B. & Br. n. 1265. Saund. 6s Sm. t. 10. Quel. Grev. t. 105. /. 4. 20. C. turbinatus Fr. — Pileus unicolorous, dingy yellow or green, becoming pale, hygrophanous, opaque when dry, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed, orbicular, even, smooth, viscid ; flesh soft, white. Stem commonly curt (5 cent., 2 in.), but varying elongated, yellowish, springing from a globoso- depressed distinctly marginate bulb, otherwise equal, cylindrical, stuffed then hollow. Gills attenuato-adnate, thin, crowded, broad, quite entire, at first pallid light-yellowish, at length somewhat ferruginous. The typical form is regular, distinct from its allies in the hygrophanous pileus, in the gills being isabelline-ferruginous and quite entire, and in being without any dark blue or purple colour. Easily distinguished by its turbinate bulb. In woods. Uncommon. Pileus variable in width. Margin of the bulb so strongly developed as to appear volvate like A. pantherinus. M.J.B. Name — turbo, a spinning-top; conical. Of the bulb. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 22. Hym. Eur. p. 346. Berk. Out. p. 185. C. Hbk. n. 497. Quel. Grev. t. 107./. 1. Ag. Vent. t. 38./. 5, 6. Bull. t. no. 21. C. fulgens Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2 -3 in.) broad, orange- tawny, very fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, occasionally punctate as with drops, at length silky-fibrillose or squamulose ; flesh very compact, white-yellow, at length spongy and tan-colour. Stem solid, curt, equal above the depressed and obliquely, at the first acutely, marginate bulb, woolly with the yellow, densely fibrillose (in wet weather viscid) cortina, when full grown elon- cium 12 AGARICINI. Phiegma- gated to 7.5 cent. (3 in.). Gills emarginate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, quite entire, at first bright yellow, at length somewhat distant, tawny or ferruginous with the spores. Very handsome, robust. The colour of the pileus is deeply and persistently orange-tawny. The spores tinge even the wool on the stem. In pine woods. Rare. Sept. Spores 9x6 mk. IV.G.S. Name— /«/^, to shine. Of its bright colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 23. Hym. Eur. p. 347. C. Hbk. n. 498. Saund. & Sm. t. 12. 22. C. fulmineus Fr.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, tawny, variegated with dense irregular agglutinated scales, very fleshy, at first hemispherical and attached to the bulb, then convex, very viscous, margin regular, at first involute; flesh thick, white, often yellow at the circumference or wholly yellowish. Stem when young enclosed in the bulb, apparently awanting, then ex- tended but scarcely more than 2.5 cent. (1 in.), solid, obese, yellow, naked, white-cortinate at the apex. Bulb very depressed, marginate, rooting, wider than the young pileus. Gills rounded, thin, very crowded, golden-yellow at length tawny. The bulb and the scales on the pileus resemble the volva of the A?nanitcz of the group represented by A. rubescens. The whole plant is robust, very hard. Mild. The pileus is tawny, almost brown, margin orange. Stem not fila- mentous, at first slightly viscid. In shady woods. Ledbury. Name-/«/;HW, lightning. Shining. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 23. Hym. Eur. p. 347. Grev. xii. p. 42. Ag. Schceff. t. 24. 23. C. orichalceus Batsch. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, normally blood-red or liver-rufescent, with the margin livid, or bay-brown-ferruginous, and cinereous-olive round the margin, fleshy, convex, soon flattened, at length depressed, with a viscous Pellicle or glutinous, the disc spotted with scales. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, equal, but springing from a marginate somewhat volvaceous bulb, very fibrillose (the fibrils viscid in wet weather from the gluten of the pileus flowing down), yellow-green or dingy yellow-pale. Gills adnate, broad, crowded, sulphur-yellow becoming green. The flesh alike of pileus and stem white, but lemon-yellow at the circum- ference, at length wholly greenish-yellow. Easily distinguished by its dark dirty colours, which are nevertheless variable (the pileus sometimes oliva- ceous). The gills are very broad behind. Under trees. Lyndhurst, New Forest. Name — orichalchum, yellow copper ore, or brass. Of the colour. Fr. CORTINARIUS. 13 Monogr. ii. p. 24. Hym. Eur. p. 348. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 42. Batsch f. Phlegma- 184. Quel. Grev. t. 106. f. 1. cium. **** GY/fr olivaceous. 24. C. prasinus Fr. — Pileus sometimes aeruginous, sometimes tawny-fuliginous, tiger-spotted, as if scaly, compact, convexo- plane, very obtuse, regular, viscid, the margin regularly involute ; flesh dingy white. Stem curt, very thick, solid, greenish-pallid, not becoming violet ; flesh greenish-white. Cortina scanty, whitish or pallid-green. Gills emarginate, not crowded, when full grown rather distant, somewhat crisped, yellow-olivaceous or somewhat olivaceous, darker and cinereous-olivaceous at the base. Commonly sporadic. Taste mild. In beech woods. King's Cliffe. Name — npaa-ov, leek. Leek-green. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 25. Hym. Eur. p. 348. Berk. Out. p. 186. C. Hbk. n. 500. Quel. Grev. t. 106. /. 2. Ag. Schceff. t. 218. 25. C. scaurus Fr. — Pileus commonly 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.), very rarely 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, tiger-spotted, of a peculiar tawny- fuliginous colour, when dry more tawny, fleshy, convex then plane, depressed when old, viscous, smooth, the thi7i margin at length slightly st?'iate; flesh thin, soft. Stem solid, soft and spongy (especially the bulb) with age, equally attenuated upwards from the marginato-bulbous base (more than 2.5 cent., 1 in. thick at the base, 8 mm., 4 lin. at the apex), fibrillose or striate, azure- blue or olivaceous then becoming white, and also yellowish when old. Cortina fibrillose, somewhat green. Gills attenuato-ad- nexed, rounded, thin, very crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, broader (6 mm., 3 lin.) in front, normally purplish-olivaceous, but varying pure olivaceous and even fuliginous. Odour and taste mild. It differs from all neighbouring species in the very crowded and very narrow gills. The bulb here and there vanishes. In woods. Rare. Oct.-Nov. Stem purplish in my specimens with a red tinge on the edge of the bulb. M.J.B. Name — scaurus, with projecting ankles. Of the bulb. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 25. Hym. Eur. p. 349. Icon. t. 146. f. 1. Berk. Out. p. 186. C. Hbk. n. 499. S. My col. Scot. n. 456. Quel. Grev. t. 107. f. 2. ttt Elastici. * Gills whitish, then clay-coloured, &>c. 26. C. cumatilis Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, of a very charming violet or purple-violet colour, convex, obtuse, not de- cium. 14 AGARICINI. Phiegma- pressed, often irregular, with a viscous pellicle, even, smooth ; flesh both of pileus and stem hard, shining white, unchangeable. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. {j4. in.) thick, but variable and often curved, solid, firm, wholly shining white, furnished with a cortina only at the apex, but not pulverulent ; the universal veil, which serves as a pellicle of the pileus, ruptured at the base and adnate to it, as a separable agglutinated membrane of the same colour as the pileus. Gills attenuato -adnexed, almost free, crowded, narrow, scarcely 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, with a small decurrent tooth, acute at the apex, white then clay-colour. Handsome, distinguished, not allied to any. The colours of the pileus and base of the stem depend upon the universal veil, which on being ruptured forms the pellicle of the former, and the sheathing membrane of the latter. Yellow spots are left where these are rubbed off. It varies sometimes solitary and larger, compact, sometimes somewhat caespitose with the stems equal and ascending. In woods. Honningham, Norfolk. Oct. The colour agrees better with the name and with Fries's fig. than with his description. Spores 7x4 mk. W.P. Name — cumatilis, sea-coloured, blue. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 27. Hym. Eur. p. 349. Icon. t. 146. f. 2. C. caerulescens Saund. if Sm. t. 22. 27. C. decoloratus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, clay- colour, disc darker, thin, but equally fleshy, campanulate then convex, obtuse, soft, viscous, soon dry, smooth, corrugated when old ; flesh soft, white, watery. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {%. in.) or less thick, stuffed, thin, somewhat equal, slightly thickened at the base, ascending, fibrillose, silvery, often curved, smooth and naked at the apex. Cortina inferior, fibrillose. Gills emarginate, adnate or decurrent according to situation, not much crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad (broader than the flesh of the pileus), clay-colour then cinnamon. Taste slightly acrid. Very protean. The above is the typical form found in beech woods. The habit and stature are quite those of C. tabularis, but the pileus is viscous, never silky-veiled, stem never scaly, &c. In birch woods : pileus a little darker, floccoso-scaly or rivuloso-granulose when dry ; bulb at the first present, small and somewhat round, but soon vanishing, soft, stem attenuated from it, sometimes yellowish ; gills at the first bluish- grey-whitish. In pine woods : smaller and thinner, pileus even ; gills pallid clay-colour. In woods. Epping. Edinburgh Fungus Show. Oct. Name — de, and coloro, to colour. Changing colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 30. Hym. Eur. p. 351. B. & Br. n. 1541. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 457. Quel. Grev. t. io>7.f. 4. C0RTINAR1US. 15 ** Gills Violaceous, &C. Phlegma- cium 28. C. decolorans Fr.— Pileus 4-6 cent. {\%-i}i in.) broad, wholly persistently yellow, fleshy, convex then flattened, somewhat gibbous, equal, even, smooth, viscous ; flesh thin, Jirm, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long-, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, equally attenuated, shifting white, smooth above the somewhat persistent medial cortina. Gills sinuato-adnexed, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, juiceless, purplish theri soon cinnamon. The gills are unchangeable when bruised. Easily mistaken for a thin form of C. varius, differing, however, in the thinner unicolorous pileus, in the stem being more slender, externally rigid, polished, without a bulb, and smooth with exception of the cortina. In fir woods. Epping Forest. Oct. Narae-^, and coloro, to colour. From the gills changing colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 351. Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. 29. C. porphyropus Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad, livid-light yellowish or clay-colour, unchangeable when touched, fleshy, very thin at the margin, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, innately streaked, viscid ; flesh thin, soft, whitish, soon becoming Purple-lilac when broken. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed, at length hollow, somewhat bulbous or rather equally attenuated from the thickened base (sometimes equal), fragile, externally and internally violaceous-lilac, soon becoming pale, even whitish, but soon becoming violaceous-lilac again when touched. Cortina inferior, fibrillose. Gills rounded or emarginate, somewhat crowded, rather broad (4-8 mm., 2-4 lin.) purplish then watery cinnamon, becoming purple again when touched. It approaches C. purpurascens, but the gills are crowded in that species. In woods. Coed Coch, 1871. Oct. Name — iropfyvpeos, purple ; 71-ous, a foot. From the stem becoming purple when touched. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 351. B. & Br. n. 1351. 30. C. croceo-caeruleus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.), or a little more broad, lilac or faintly violaceous, fleshy but thin, convex then plane, obtuse or gibbous, even, smooth, viscous ; flesh watery, Pallid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, hollow, somewhat equal (some- times attenuated downwards), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, even, smooth, naked, fragile, whitish. Cortina white, fibrillose, fuga- cious. Gills attenuated or broadly emarginate, with a small very thin decurrent tooth, plane, somewhat distant, lilac then clay-saffron. i6 AGARICINI. Phlegma- cium. Spores saffron, cinnamon. The flesh is unchangeable in colour, but other- wise the plant becomes very slightly purple when touched or broken. In woods. Laxton Park, Norths. Oct. Name — croceus, saffron; caruleus, azure. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 32. Hym. Eur. p. 352. B. &* Br. n. 1543. Ag. Pers. Ic. and descr. t. i.f. 2. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. /. 3./. 3. *** Gills pure ochre, tawny, &*c. 31. C. papulosus Fr.— Pileus 6-9 cent. (2^-3^ in.) broad, honey-tan-colour at the circumference, always darker (ferrugin- ous or fuscous) at the disc, fleshy, at first convex, obtuse, then plane and at length depressed (disc here and there gibbous), smooth, viscid ; the cuticle breaking up into minute, granular, fuscous patches when dry; flesh white, thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. {%-i in.) or a little more thick, solid, firm, wholly fleshy within, equal or thickened at the base, densely fibrillose, but quite naked at the apex, white. Cortina inferior, very fugacious, white. Gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, slightly joined behind, but at length separating from the stem in older specimens and forming a spurious collar, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, at the first pallid, soon ochraceous, at length very pale yellow-cinnamon. There are forms with the stem longer, here and there flexuous and hollow. In woods. Durdham Down, Bristol. Glamis. Oct.-Nov. Name — papula, a pimple. From the minute granular patches on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 33. Hym. Eur. p. 352. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. t. 3. f. 1. ***"* Gills olivaceous, fuligi?wus. No British species. Myxacium. Tribe II. MYXACIUM (/*u|a, mucus). Universal veil glu- tinous, hence the scarcely bulbous sle?n is also viscous. Pileus fleshy, somewhat thin. Gills adnate, decurrent. (Certain Phleg- macia having the fibres of the cortina slightly viscid by gluten from the pileus must not be confounded with the Myxacia.) Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 354. f Colliniti (C. collinitus, besmeared), at rirst covered with gluten. Stem floccoso-peronate, the flocci CORTINARIUS. 17 ft Deltbuti (C. delibutus, besmeared). Veil entirely viscid, hence the Myxacium. stem is not floccoso-peronate but only viscid, acquiring a varnished appear- ance when dry. * Gills whitish, then clay-coloured. ** Gills at first violaceous, dark blue, or reddish. *"** Gills at first ochraceous or cinnamon. f COLLINITI. 32. C. arvinaceus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, orange-tawny, fleshy, soft, convex then soon flattened, at length reflexed and undulated, even, smooth, viscous (not glutinous), glistening when dry, margin slightly striate when in full vigour. Stem tall, as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, solid, equal, silky- viscous, never broken up into scales, white. Cortina soon fibrillose and fu- gacious. Gills adfiato-decurrent, very broad (12-18 mm., %.-% in.), even at the sides, somewhat distant, cre?iu- lated at the edge, at first straw-colour then bright ochraceous. Spores plentiful, of the same colour as the gills. Cortina not in the form of a ring. Perhaps too nearly allied to C. collinitus. In beech woods. Bristol. Oct. Blaize Castle, XLI. Cortinarius {Myxaciuui) collinitus. One - fifth natural size. Fr. Monogr. 11. p. 36. Hym. Name — arvina, grease. Greasy, viscid. Eur. p. 354. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 42. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. t. 5./". 1. Ag. Krombh. t. 73.fi 16-18. 33. C. collinitus Fr. — Pileus orange-tawny, fleshy, not com- pact, convex with the margin bent inwards then expanded, obtuse, clothed with a thick cuticle, which in wet weather swells into persistent orange-taw?iy gluten, shining when dry, margin even. Stem solid, firm, elongated, exactly cylindrical, at length soft, for the most part covered over with ^.floccose and glutinous veil, which is commonly broken up into conce?itric scales j near the apex the gluten is continuous with the glutinous cuticle of the pileus and forms an entirely viscous fugacious ring, colour variable, violaceous, white, even yellowish. Gills adnate, some- what crowded, whitish-bluish-grey or clay-colour theft cinnamon. There are numerous forms departing from the type : b) pileus repand, stem inclining to fuscous: Batsch f. 197. c) small, pileus pallid yellow or straw - VOL. II. B 1 8 AGARICINI. Myxacium. colour, stem concentrically light yellow-scaly, gills white, d) very small, pileus date-brown-fuscous, stem scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) In woods. Common. July-Nov. Spores ferruginous, Fr. ; 9x6 mk. W.G.S.; 12-14x6-7 mk. K. Name — collino, to besmear. From the gluten. Fr. Mo7iogr. ii. p. 36. Hym. Eur. p. 354. Berk. Out. p. 186. C. Hbk. n. 501. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 458. Ag. Bull. t. 549, 596. Ventur. t. 32./. 4-6 (abnormal). Buxb. C. iv. t. 9. 34. C. mucifluus Fr. — Pileus livid-clay, when dry tan, opaque, somewhat fleshy, campanulato-expanded, smeared with separat- ing hyaline gluten, margin striate. Stem attenuated downwards, soft, viscid with the floccoso-scaly fugacious veil, white or inclin- ing to azure-blue. Gills adnate, distinct, clay-colour then watery cinnamon. Odour sweet. Intermediate between C. collinitus and C. elatior, so allied to the former that it was long considered a variety. It differs especially as follows : 1) stem spongy, attenuated downwards, white : 2) pileus thinner, campanulate then expanded, at length refiexed and repand, the membrana- ceous margin striate : 3) colour of pileus livid-clay, when dry tan, opaque : 4) the gluten of the pileus thin, hyaline, fluid, not forming a thick persistent brightly coloured pellicle : 5) odour sweet. Gills clay then cinnamon. There is nothing of a violaceous tint in the whole plant. On the ground. Hereford, &c. Oct. Name— mucus, fluo, to flow. From its being covered with mucus which flows off and disappears. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 37. Hym. Eur. p. 355. Icon, t. 148.71 1. Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 70. Quel. Grev. t. 108./". 4. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, p. 35. 35. C. elatior Fr. — Pileus about 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, commonly livid-light yellow when damp, dingy ochraceous when dry, slightly fleshy only at the disc, cylindrical or bullate then ca?npa?iulate, afterwards flattened and somewhat refiexed, the disc above the stem obtuse, even, otherwise 7nembranaceous and longi- tudinally plicato-wrinklcd at the sides, fragile, slightly viscous. Stem 12. 5-17. 5 cent. (5-7 in.) long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) and more (5 cent., 2 in.) thick, commonly attenuated at both ends (especially at the base), longitudinally fibrous, clothed with somewhat vis- cous, whitish, torn up scales, rarely becoming violet. Cortina viscous, fugacious. Gills adnate, linear, at first 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, at length broader (as much as 2.5 cent., 1 in.), somewhat distant, connected by veins or wrinkled at the sides, always dark, brown-cinnamon. The colour of the pileus varies whitish, tan-fuscous, date brown, violaceous- brown, black, whitish round the margin, grey with the margin violaceous. Gills violet-brown in Sowerby's fig. In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Nov. CORTINARIUS. 1 9 Name-?/(?/;«, tall. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 37. Hym. Eur. p. 355. Icon. t. Myxaciur 149./] 1. Berk. Out. p. 186. C. Hbk. ?i. 502. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 459. .Stfw. t. 9. 36. C. grallipes Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, ferruginous when moist, when dry ochraceous-tan, opaque, almost membrana- ceous with exception of the disc, with a prominent often acute umbo, campanulate then flattened, even, hygrophanous, slightly viscid (not glutinous). Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, wholly equal, but flexuous, tough, fibroso-striate, viscous, yellowish-tawny, ochraceous when dry, naked at the apex. Gills wholly adnate, with a decurrent tooth, 12 mm. {%, in.) broad, plane, attenuated in front, crowded, even at the sides, clay-colour then ferruginous. The habit is that of C. hinnuleus, but it is viscous not torn. Among grass near trees. Ashton Park, Bristol. Oct. Pileus very slimy when wet ; veil fugacious, cobweb-like, pale, whitish brown ; spores dark ferruginous. W.G.S. Name — grallce, stilts ; pes, a foot. Long- stemmed as if on stilts. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 38. Hym. Eur. p. 355. Saund. & Sm. t. 27. 37. C. livido-ochraceus Berk. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, livid-ochre, somewhat membranaceous, plane, viscid, margin not striate. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) high, ft thick in the middle, beau- tiful violet, ochraceous at the base, stuffed with cottony fibres, attenuated at either end, somewhat scaly, striate above the fugi- tive veil. Gills somewhat adnexed, broad in front, moderately distant, cinnamon, the extreme margin pale. Pileus quite smooth, shining, covered with a thick subcartilaginous skin, the margin very thin ; edge with a few indistinct fragments of the veil. In- odorous. Nearest to the smooth-stemmed form of C. collinitus. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. An undoubted specimen has been gathered with the margin of the pileus striate. Spores lemon-shaped, 13-15x6-8 mk. C.B.P. Name — livid-ochre in colour. Berk. Out. p. 186. Eng. Ft. v. p. 89. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 356. C. Hbk. n. 504. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 460. ft Delibuti. * No British species. ** Gills at first violaceous, &°c. 38. C. salor Fr. — Pileus grey, bright violaceous round the in- flexed margin^ at length of the same colour, when young obtusely conical or parabolic, soon campanulate and at length flattened with a broad umbo on account of the compactly fleshy disc, thin 20 AGARICINI. Myxacium. towards the circumference, small in comparison with the stem, even, smooth, thinly viscous, fibrillose towards the margin when dried ; flesh continuous, white, becoming yellow (or faintly azure- blue). Stem 4-7.5 cent. (l}4-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick at the base, 12 mm. ()4 in.) at the apex, solid, conico-attennated from the bulbous base, gradually elongated, white, but when young covered to the apex with the azure-blue ghiti7ions veil, when old becoming pale, softer. Gills adnate, distant, distinct, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, quite entire, at first pale grey with the edge vio- laceous or bluish-grey, when full grown grey-clay-colour or cin- namon. In proportion as the stem becomes more elongated, the bulb becomes less in size. The stem is white externally and internally, but when young it is blue with the glutinous veil. Very distinguished, firm. In woods. Coed Coch. Name — salum, sea. Sea-colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 40. Hym. Eur. p. 357. Icon, t. 150./". 1. B. & Br. n. 1878. Quel. Grev. t. 108./. 1. 39. C. delibutus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, light- yellowish^ fleshy, thin, especially towards the margin, convex then flattened, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, viscid with hya- line gluten, and slightly silky-fibrillose when the gluten disap- pears. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed or hollow upwards, equally attenuated from the slightly bulbous base or somewhat equal, elastic, viscous as far as the scanty, fibrillose, fugacious cortina, when dry even, smooth, var- nished, yellowish white, snow-white at the apex. Gills adnate, at length rounded or slightly emarginate, more or less distant, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, serrulated pallid or often crisped at the edge, at the first dark blue, or violaceous-dark blue, then clay, cinnamon. The pileus and especially the gills vary in the colour being more or less in- tense. Taste at first watery, then slightly pungent. It loves grassy and rather damp places. On the ground. King's Lynn. Spores 7x5 mk. IV. P. Name — delibuo, to besmear. From the gluten. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 41. Hym. Eur. p. 357. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 97. Quel. Grev. t. 108./. 2. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882,^. 216. 40. C. illibatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 m-) broad, yellow, disc darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, at length plane and somewhat umbonate, with a viscous pellicle, even, smooth ; flesh white, very thin at the circumference. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, only 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed then soon hoi- CORTINARIUS. 2 1 low, soft, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth, viscid, white, com- Myxacium. monly with reddish dots upwards. Cortina superior, fibrillose, very fugacious. Gills adnato-decurrent, arcuate, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thin, crowded, quite entire, flesh-colour then clay, cin- namon with the spores. Much smaller and thinner than C. delibutus, &c., and without any violet colour. In woods. Coed Coch. Name — illibatus, unimpaired, entire. Perhaps from the gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 42. Hym. Eur. p. 358. B. & Br. n. 1879. *** Gills at the first ochraceous or cinnamon. 41. C. stillatitius Fr. — Pileus scarcely 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, even, smooth, clothed with azure-blue gluten, which is at first continu- ous with that of the stem, fuscous- livid when the gluteii separates in the form of drops, and at length grey-white ; flesh soft, watery, hygrophanous. Stem 5 scarcely 7.5 cent. (2, 3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, very soft, wholly equally attenuated, at first sheathed with thick azure-blue gluten which is extended into the cortina, naked at the apex. Gills e7narginate, scarcely crowded, distant rather, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, dark cinna?nou. Odour none. The gluten disappears with age. Rather allied to the Col- liniti, but the veil is by no means floccose. The gills are almost those of C. elatior. Among dead leaves. Uncommon. Pileus striate near the margin. Gills with a whitish ragged margin. W. G.S. Spores spheeroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate, yellowish, 8x6 mk. K. Name — stillo, to drip. Dripping. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 42. Hym. Ezir. p. 358. C. Hbk. n. 503. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 216. Sauiid. fr3 Sm. t. 3. 42. C. pluvius Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (X_I in.) broad, pale yellow - tawny when moist, ochrey-tan and opaque when dry, slightly fleshy, at first somewhat globose, then convex, commonly gibbous, when more fully grown and moist slightly pellucid- striate, hygrophanous, viscid and shining in rainy weather; flesh thin, of the same colour. Stem more or less elongated to as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then hollow, soft, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, even, naked or obsoletely viscid with whiter silky spots. Cortina white and entirely fibrillose, slightly covered over with slime, soon fugacious. Gills adnexed, separating, ventricose, crowded, light yellowish or at the first whitish, then ochraceous. 22 AGARICINI. Myxacium. The pileus in the earliest stage is covered over, especially round the margin, with a very thin, silky, white film. Taste at first watery, then acrid and pungent. In woods. Lea, Gainsborough. Glamis. Sept.-Oct. Name — pluo, to rain. From being viscid in rainy weather. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 43. Hym. Eur. p. 359. B. & Br. n. 1267. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 461. Ag. Batschf. 190. Inoloma. Tribe III. INOLOMA (fa, a fibre ; \&na, a fringe). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 216. Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first silky with innate scales or fibrils, flesh continuous, not hy- grophanous. Veil single. Stem fleshy, somewhat bulbous. Species very distinguished. There are Te- lamonice which resemble Inolomata, but they differ from them by having the pileus smooth, moist, then torn (whereas the Inolomata become smooth), or by being sprinkled over with white superficial fibrils, and by possessing a double veil. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 359. * Gills at first white or pallid. ** Gills, as well as the veil and stem. XL II. Cortinarius (J nolo ma) cal- listeus. One-fourth natural size. violaceous. *** Gills or veil cinnamon, red, or ochraceous. (C. subferrugineus and C. armillatus are apt to be sought for here.) **** Qiiis or ven dark, fuscous, olivaceous. * Gills at first white or pallid. 43. C. argentatus Fr. — Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, silvery- shining, disc becoming pale, at the first silky-lilac round the margin then dun- coloured, fleshy, convexo - plane, at length broadly gibbous, silky-even becoming smooth; flesh whitish. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, solid, attenuated from the (scarcely bulbous) base, smooth, silvery- white, at length becoming yellow at the base, internally white. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, adhering only to the margin of the pileus, pallid. Gills emarginate, crowded, slightly serrated, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, pallid then watery cinnamon. Odour weak. There is a smaller form in pine woods. The stem is bulbous when short. CORTINARIUS. 23 In woods. Epping Forest. Oct. Inoloma. In ' Hym. Eur." Fries describes the smell as somewhat strong, but not foetid. Spores pruniform, dotted, 10-11 mk. Q. Name — argentum, silver. Silvered. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 46. Hym. Eur. p. 360. Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. Ag. Krombh. t. 2. f. 27. ** Gills, as well as the veil a?id stem, violaceous. 44. C. violaceus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, dark violaceous, sometimes purplish-violet, truly fleshy, convex, then flattened, regular, obtuse, villous, the innate persistent villous down for the most part rimoso - squamulose, margin at first involute ; flesh soft, deeper in colour. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, solid, stout, remarkably bulbous, spongy, soft, at first tomentose, then fibrillose, dark violaceous, internally violaceous-cinereous. Cortina woolly, azure-blue, then ferruginous with the shed spores. Gills somewhat adnate, firm, distant, connected by veins, broader than the flesh of the pileus, dark almost black violaceous, then coloured with the cinnamon spores, but again violaceous when these are rubbed off. Inodorous. Very handsome. It is easily distinguished from its allies by the colour being always dark azure-blue externally and internally, by the villous-scaly pileus, and by the dista?it gills. In woods and open ground. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 12-13x7-8 mk. K. Edible, excellent, resem- bling Agaricus campestris in flavour. Name — violaceous, of a violet colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 46. Hym. Eur. p. 360. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 58. Berk. Out. p. 187. C. Hbk. n. 505. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 462. Hussey i. t. 12. Ag. Sv. Bor. t. 288. Hedw.fi I. Obs. t. 4. Bull. t. 250? 45. C. cyanites Fr. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, at first dark blue, soon becoming pallid azure-blue or livid-fuscous, fleshy, soft, convex then flattened, obtuse, silky, becoming eve7i and smooth, never fioccoso-squamulose ; flesh azure-blue then whitish, here and there reddish when broken. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, more than 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick at the base, 12-18 mm. {yi-^/i in-) at the apex, solid, very bulbous, fibrillose, azure-dark blue, lilac when touched, also azure-blue within, but reddish blood -colour on contact with the atmosphere, and when co?n- pressed pouring out a watery vinous-reddish juice. Cortina fibrillose, azure-blue. Gills rounded, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad, commonly beautifully dark blue. A magnificent species. Var. major: pileus and stem compact, turning red more slowly, gills somewhat distant, cinereous-dark blue. In wood. Reading. 24 AGARICINI. Inoloma. Name — *cvai>o?, dark blue. Fr. Monogr, ii. p. 47. Hym. Eur. p. 360. Icon. t. 152. f. 1. B. & Br. n. 1544. 46. C. albo-violaceus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, violaceous -white, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate or rather gibbous, dry, not moist, beautifully innately silky and becoming even; flesh juicy, azure-blue-white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, solid, firm, clavato-bulbous or conico-attenuated, 1-2.5 cent. (X-1 in.) thick, externally and internally white-violaceous, white- villous, fibrillose above with the cortina, and often with the white veil in the form of a zone at the middle. Gills adnate, scarcely emarginate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, somewhat distant, some- what serrulated, of a peculiar cinereous -violaceous colour, at length cinereous-cinnamon with the spores. Inodorous, insipid. The fibrils on the stem are longitudinally adpressed as in Ag. geophyllus. There is a larger form with the well-formed pileus obtuse. In woods. Forres, &c. Sept. -Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 6-9 x 4-5 mk. K. ; pruniform, 10 mk. Q. Name — albus, white ; violaceus, violet. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 49. Hym. Eur. p. 361. Icon. t. 151. f. 3. 6'. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, p. 31. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 55. 47. C. camphoratus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, at first lilac, then changing colour (becoming white, yellow, &c.) but not hygrophanous, truly fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, at first silky then becoming smooth; flesh azure-blue. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (>£-i in.) thick, solid, soft, bulbous or obclavate, when young with a woolly sheath, violet, but internally white at the base. Cortina fibrillose, azure- blue, at length cinnamon with the spores. Gills at first arcuate, commonly adnato - decurrent, but varying emarginate, thin, crowded, at the first mtensely azure-blue, then becoming purple. Odour fcetid and exceedingly penetratifig, wholly peculiar, and different from the goat smell of C. traganus. In woods. Fine shade. Spores ochraceous-cinnamon, Fr. ; 9x6 mk. K. Name — camphoratusr strong-scented. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 50. Hym. Eur. p. 362. Icon. t. 152. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1128. C. Hbk, n. 506. *"** Gills or veil cinnamon, &*c. 48. C. traganus Fr. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, very fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, dry, at first silky, becoming even, /zY^-purplish, soon becoming pale, at length becoming smooth and yellowish internally and externally. Stem 7.5-12.5 CORTINARIUS. 25 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (%-\ in.) thick, the villous base inolo however very bulbous, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, solid, spongy, at first silky, then fibrillose, violaceous the?i whitish, internally deep saffron-ochraceous. Cortina continuous with the silky covering of the pileus, pallid violaceous, then cinnamon with the spores. Gills emarginate, broad, distant, distinct, firm, saffron-ochraceous, at length cinnamon, somewhat crenate at the edge. Readily distinguished by its very foetid odotir, and by its thick distant gilts being at the first saffron-ochraceous. In pine woods. Forres, &c. Aug.-Sept. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 8-10x5-6 mk. K. Name — tragus, a goat. With goat smell. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 51. Hym. Eur. p. 362. B. & Br. n. 1499. S. Mycol. Scot. 7i. 463. Ag. Schceff. t. 56. Var. finitimus Weinm. — Pileus silky, at length smooth, lilac, as is the stem, which is yellowish and mottled within, but not saffron-coloured nor brown. Smell not at all that of the typical form, but pleasant though peculiar, resembling that of gum just beginning to ferment. Forres. Name— ft Hit imus, nearly related. Weinm. p. 155. B. & Br. n. 1499. S. Mycol. Scot. szib. n. 463. 49. C. tophaceus Fr.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, golden-tawny, opaque, not becoming pale, compactly fleshy, thin towards the margin, hemispherical, everywhere villoso-squamu- lose, varying slightly silky and shining ; flesh soft, white, strong- smelling. Stem solid, bulbous, villoso-squamulose, tawny, the fibrillose veil of the same colour. Gills broadly emarginate, 12 mm. {y2 in.) and more broad, distant, of the same colour, at length tawny-cinnamon. Commonly springing up in a dense band, somewhat caespitose, but also solitary and then larger, in form, stature, and villoso-squamulose covering of pileus, appearing like C. violaceus, only that species is of an entirely different colour. Odour not remarkable. It glitters from its golden colour. In woods. King's Lynn. Spores ellipsoid or subglobose, 6-8 mk. C.B.P. ; 7x5 mk. W.P. Name — tophus, tufa, a volcanic rock of an earthy texture. Of the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 52. Hym. Eur. p. 363. Quel. Grev. t. log.f. 2. * C. redimitus Fr. — Pileus thinner, obtusely umbonate, shin- ing, golden, streaked with innate fibrils j flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, slightly thickened at the base, 12 mm. {l/2 in.) thick, solid, internally soft, fibroso-striate, yellowish. Gills ad- nate, with a small decurrent tooth, light yellow then tawny. In mixed wood. Glamis, 1875. Oct. Name—rcdimio, to wreathe round, ma. 26 AGARICINI. Inoloma. encircle. Perhaps of the fibrillose streaking. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 52. Hym. Eur. p. 363. Icon. t. 153./. 1. B. & Br. n. 1545. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 464. 50. C. callisteus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellow- tawny, not hygrophanous and not becoming pale, fleshy, thin, especially at the bent-in margin, convexo- expanded, scarcely umbonate, rather smooth, silky towards the margin, but com- monly broken up into minute innate squamules ; flesh yellowish- white. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, clavato-bulbous, equally attenuated upwards, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick at the base, solid, remarkably fibrillose or striate, externally and internally firm and yellow, rhubarb-colour, soft and spongy only at the base. Cortina marginal, fibrillose, fugacious, yellow- tawny. Gills wholly adnate, adnexed behind mutually and to the stem with flocci, plane, so?newhat distant, distinct, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, thin, quite entire, yellow-tawny. Odour none. Very remarkable. The figure of Saunders and Smith repre- sents it admirably as regards stature and characters, but departs from it in the ferruginous colour. In woods. Rare. July. The colours are nearly those of A. aureus. M.J.B. Spores 8x6 mk. IV.G.S. Name — »caA.os, beautiful. Very beautiful. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 53. Hym. Eur. p. 363. Berk. Out. p. 187. C. Hbk. n. 507. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 465. Sauna. & Sm. A3. A. validus Berk. E?ig. Fl. v. p. 84. 51. C. Bulliardi Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, dark rufesce?it, bay-brown-blood-colour becoming pale, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, dry, commonly smooth, but also wholly fibrillose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, solid, fibrillose, variegated blood-red downwards as is also the ovate bulb, white at the apex. Cortina fugacious, whitish. Gills adnexed, with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, purplish then ferruginous, crenulated at the (whitish) edge. Flesh whitish, but that of the stem rufescent at the base. Readily distin- guished by its cinnabar bulb. Stature small but firm. Strong smelling. In mixed woods. Bristol, &c. Sept. Name — after Bulliard. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 53. Hym. Eur. p. 363. Berk. Out. p. 187. C. Hbk. n. 508. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 466. Quel. t. 9. f. 3 (departing from type). Ag. Bull. t. 431. f. 3. 52. C. bolaris Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 m0 ar>d more broad, light yellow-red, or pale, smooth or variegated with innate, ad- pressed, spot-like, red scales, rarely of one colour with continuous scales, fleshy, convexo-plane, obsoletely umbonate ; flesh very CORTINARIUS. 27 firm, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) inoloma. thick, stuffed, sometimes hollow, hard, equal, pale, beautifully variegated with saffron-red, adpressed, fibrillose scales, white at the apex, sometimes continuously scarlet. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, saffron -red. Gills commonly decurrent, arcuate, sometimes adnate, even emarginate, crowded, at first pale then dark cinnamon. The stem varies straight, curved and elongated and flexuous. Very elegant. Sometimes solitary, sometimes somewhat caespitose. In beech woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name — /Sa>A.os, a clod ; dim. ^wAaptov ; /3wA«>o?, made of clay, i.e., of brick. Perhaps in allusion to the red colour. When young like a red clod. Fr. Mo?wgr. ii. p. 54. Hym. Eur. p. 364. Berk. Out. p. 188. t. 19. f. 1. C. Hbk. n. 509. S. My col. Scot. n. 467. Grevillea, t. 79. Ag. Pers. Ic. Pict. t. 14./*. 1. •***# Gills or veil dark, fuscous, olivaceous. 53. C. pholideus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fawn- colour, becoming pale, at length somewhat cinnamon, fleshy but thin, convex then flattened, somewhat umbonate and depressed round the umbo, scaly and squarrose with i?i7iate, piloso-fascicu- late, crowded, fuscous-blackish fibres, which are fewer towards the margin; flesh pallid. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, solid, attenuated upwards (sometimes shorter and clavato-bulbous), scaly as far as the somewhat annular cortina with fibrillose, crowded, somewhat concentric, fuliginous-black scales; above the universal cortina even and pallid violaceous, furnished with a spider-web cortina (double veiled). Gills somewhat emarginate, crowded, thin, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, at first violaceous then clay-colour, at length dark cinnamon with the spores. Very distinct and very beautiful ; readily recognised by the gills being at the first violaceous, and by the pileus and stem being squarrose with fuliginous- blackish scales. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores subsphasroid, 6-7x5-6 mk. K. Name — $oAi?, a scale. Scaly. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 55. Hym. Eur. p. 364. Berk. Out. p. 188. C. Hbk. n. 510. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 468. Ag. Alb. 6^ Schw. t. 12. /. 1. 54. C. sublanatus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, fawn-colour, then becoming tan -fuscous, at length becoming ferruginous, slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded, um- bonate, clothed with innate, floccose, fuscous squamules j flesh comparatively thin, whitish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, solid, 28 AGARICINI. inoioma. conico-elongated or clavato-bulbous, as much as 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick at the base, clothed to the middle with fuscous down con- tinued into a fibrillose cortina which does not form a zone, at the apex slightly violaceous, naked. Gills adnate, broader behind, scarcely crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, olivaceous-yellowish, at length cinnamon. The squamules on the pileus are less compact and not so much crowded as those of C. pholideus. In woods. Rare. Oct. Spores ovoid-pruniform, dotted, 10 mk. Q. Name — lana, wool. Some- what woolly. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 55. Hym. Eur. p. 364. Berk. Out. p. 188. C. Hbk. n. 511. Ag. Sow. t. 224. Hussey ii. t. 22. 55. C. arenatus Fr. — Pileus pale yellowish-fuscous, fleshy, convex, at first gibbous, gra?iulose withjloccose squamules. Stem clavato-attenuated, sheathed beyond the middle, fuscous-squamu- lose, even at the apex, pallid. Gills emarginate, ventricose, some- what crowded, yellowish-cinnamon. Closely related to C. sublanatus ; when young also olive, not easily distin- guished from forms of C. pholideus which have changed their colour, but the gills are never violaceous. In woods. Uncommon. Au2T.-Oct. &■ Spores 6-7x4-5 mk. IV. P. Name — arena, sand. From the granulose pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 365. Berk. Out. p. 188. C. Hbk. n. 512. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 469. Hussey i. t. 72. Ag. Bull. t. 586. 56. C. penicillatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) or little more broad, ferruginous- fuscous, becoming tawny when dry, thin, slightly fleshy, convex, minutely umbonate, dry, densely foccoso- scaly, scales innate, dark, ferruginous-fuscous ; flesh very thin, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, fragile, squamose almost to the apex with adpressed, fuscous-ferruginous, concentric scales, paler than the pileus, paler and adpressedly silky at the very apex. Gills separating, plane, somewhat crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, dark brown. Placed here on account of the innately squamulose pileus and its affinity with species in this section, but its stature is quite that of the Dermocybce. In pine woods. Cabalva. Sept.-Oct. Spores pruniform, rough, 7-8 mk. Q. Name — penicillum, a painter's brush. Pencilled. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 56. Hym. Eur. p. 365. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 77. CORTINARIUS. 29 Tribe IV. DERMOCYBE (5e>a, skin ; k%M, a head). Pileus Dermocybe. thinly and equally fleshy, at first silky with somewhat innate villous down, but becoming smooth when old, dry and not hygropha- nous. Flesh watery when moist or coloured. Stem equal or attenuat- ed, externally more rigid, elastic or brittle, internally stuffed or hollow. Veil single, fibrillose, forming a zone in C. caninus. A natural group, easily distinguished from Inolomata by the tJiinness and substance of the pileus and by the stem; and from the following subgenera by the pileus not being nioist or hygropha?ious, and by its short floccose or atomate cover- ing, its brighter colour, &°c. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 366. The species of this subgenus are very changeable, and not easily de- fined on account of the changeable colour of the gills. It com- prehends two primary types ; first that of C. anonialus with the flesh of the pileus white, and secondly that of C. cinnamomeus with the flesh scissile and coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 57. XLIII. Cortinarius {Dermocybe) cinnamomeus. One-third nat- ural size. * Gills at first whitish or pallid. ** Gills at first violaceous, becoming purple. *** Gills brightly cinnamon, red, yellow. coloured. Elegant. **** Olivaceous, veil dingy pallid or fuscous. Stem and fibrillose cortina Pileus not torn into scales. * Gills at first whitish or pallid. 57. C. ochroleucus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pale-white, fleshy, especially at the disc, broadly campanulate then expanded and somewhat gibbous, delicately and slightly silky, then becom- ing smooth, even; flesh firm, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, solid, ve?itricose, naked, white, fibrillose at the apex with the cortina. Gills broader behind, adnexed, then separating-free, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, crowded, clay-colour then ochraceous. Odour none, taste ?-e?narkable, bitterish, not unpleasant. B. larger and more robust. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.), somewhat obtuse, ochrey-white. Stem as much as 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, attenuated upwards. Gills adnate, pallid clay then cinnamon. 30 AGARICINI. Dermocybe. In mixed woods. Rare. Oct. Name— 2»xpo?, yellowish ; \svk6?, white. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 57. Hym. Eur. p. 366. Berk. Out. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 513. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 470. Brig, t. 31./. 1-4. Ag. Schaaff. t. 34. 58. C. decumbens Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i>£ in0 broad, sometimes entirely white, sometimes yellowish, shining, by no means hygrophanous, fleshy, firm, convex then plane, gibbous then obtuse, even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed, at length hollow, ascending, clavato- bulbous downwards, smooth, white. Cortina fugacious, white. Gills adnexed, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thin, white then clay-colour, and at length ochrey-cinnamon with the spores. Pileus silky-shining with a fibrillose pellicle, though smooth. In woods. Epping. Name — from the decumbent stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 57. Hym. Eur. p. 366. B. £f Br. n. 1773. 59. C. tabularis Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, clay or fuscous-clay becoming pale, equally fleshy, not compact, convexo-plane, broadly gibbous, at length becoming remarkably plane, at first veiled with very thin, white flocci, silky near the margin, then wholly smooth; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, at length hollow, tough, elastic, attenuated from the base or equal, erect, sometimes floccoso-scaly, sometimes even, somewhat smooth, white, becom- ing pale. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills somewhat emarginale, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, whitish then clay-colour. Sometimes the pileus is slightly concave, retaining water, and then the flocci are broken up and collected in the form of a zone round the margin. At the first the gills more rarely but slightly and very fugaciously incline to bluish-grey. A form has occurred with the gills at length ferruginous. Larger, paler, and smoother than C. anomalus to which it approaches. In woods. Common. Sept.-Oct. Name — tabula, a flat board or tablet. From the flat pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 58. Hym. Eur. p. 366. Berk. Out. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 514. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 471. Bull. t. 431./". 5. 60. C. camurus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pallid fuscous-hoary, not hygrophanous, but becoming pale, pallid yel- lowish, umbo deeper in colour, very unequally fleshy, somewhat compact at the disc, but membranaceous almost to the middle, with a broad, obtuse, often oblique umbo, when dry rimosely in- cised; flesh white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) CORTINARIUS. 3 1 thick, somewhat hollow, equal, always ascending or twisted, even, Dermocybe. smooth or fibrillose below, externally and internally white, naked and silvery -shining at the apex. Gills variously adnexed on account of the oblique pileus, sometimes broader behind and wholly adnate, sometimes almost free, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, thin, grey-clay-colour, then watery cinnamon and some- what fuscous, quite entire and of the same colour at the edge. Odour somewhat rancid, but taste not remarkable. Different from all neighbouring species in being remarkably fragile. In mixed woods. England. Glamis. Oct. Name—camtirus, crooked. Of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 59. Hym. Eur. p. 367. Icon. t. 154. /. 1. B. & Br. n. 1546. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 472. Bull. t. 431./. 4. 61. C. diabolicus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more broad, at first fuscotts and crusted with grey, then smooth and fuscous- yellowish, fleshy, thin, hemispherical, obtuse, then gibbous, dry, fragile, at length cracked. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, commonly thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) (but occurring as much as 10 mm., 5 lin.) thick, stuffed, attenuated downwards, smooth, pale, bluish-grey at the apex. Cortina fugacious. Gills adnate, separating, some- what emarginate, somewhat crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more broad, firm, very pale bluish-grey then soon whitish, at length clay-colour. Inodorous. A singular species, placed here on account of its colours. When old it might be readily taken for C. raphanoides. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Name—" Called diabolicus because it holds a doubtful place among all the sections of this subgenus." Fr. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 60. Hym. Eur. p. 367. Berk. Out. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 515. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 473. **■ Gills at first violaceous, becoming purple. 62. C. caninus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, variable in colour, fuscous, brown, &c, equally fleshy, not compact, firm, not cracked, convex then becoming plane, obtuse, at first in- crusted or hoary with silky villous down round the margin ; when full grown becoming smooth; flesh white, at length somewhat yellowish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, stuffed, spongy internally, at length hollow, thickened at the base, somewhat bulbous, often white -villous, pale -white, vio- laceous at the apex. Gills emarginate, somewhat distant, thin, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, bluish-grey or purplish then cinnamon. The pileus is commonly brick-rufescent when old even becoming tawny 32 AGARICINI. Dermocybe. when dry. The veil in the perfect state is double, the inferior one fibrillose or scaly clothing the greater part of the stem, and terminating near the apex in an annular (white or fuscous) zone, above which the stem is slightly villous and cortinate. Allied to C. tabularis as to stature, and distinct from C. anomalus in the stem being sheathed, veiled and adpressedly fibrous, somewhat annularly zoned above, and in the pile us being fuscous then rufescent. In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Nov. Spores subsphasroid, 8-10 x 7-8 mk. K. Name — can is, a dog. Of doubtful meaning. Applied to various common plants. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 60. Hym. Eur. p. 368. Berk. Out. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 516. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 474. Saund. & Sm. t. 15. Ag. Buxb. C. 4. /. 22. Bull. t. 544. f. r. 63. C. myrtillinus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pure fuliginous, hoary-silky with dense fibrils, never rufescent, fleshy, thin, tough, gibbous then becoming plane ; flesh when moist watery fuscous, when dry white, violaceous at the apex of the stem. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, externally tough, slightly bulbous, white-silky, whitish. Cortina scarcely manifest. Gills ad?iate, somewhat dis- tant, of a beautiful amethyst-azure-blue, scarcely changing colour, never becoming purple. The pileus is not at the first so convex as that of C. anomalus. The colour and habit are so like those of Ag. nudus, that those who say that that species is furnished with a veil seem really to have had this before them. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Rannoch. Sept. Name — myrtus, myrtle. Of colour (??iyrteus), chestnut-brown. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 61. Hym. Eur. p. 368. B. & Br. n. 1547. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 475. Bolt. t. 147. 64. C. anomalus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more broad, fuliginous then rufescent, becoming hoary with separating fibrils, at length yellowish, but not hygrophanous, fleshy, thin, remark- ably convex, then expanded and gibbous ; flesh watery when moist, white when dry, not scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, attenu- ated from the base, slightly sheathed, fibrillose or somewhat scaly, violaceous above, whitish below, of the same colour internally, at length becoming pale, somewhat yellow. Gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, more or less violaceous, bluish-grey-purplish, at length cinnamon. Very thin, inodorous, more or less gregarious. Cortina coloured. There is a more slender variety in pine woods, with the stem thin, equal, smooth, and flexuous. In woods. Common. Aug.-Oct. C0RTINAR1US. 33 The colour (even of the gills) is very changeable. Spores ellipsoid-sphceroid, Dermocybe. 8-9x6-7 mk. K. Name — a, 6/u.aAos, even. Irregular, anomalous. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 62. Hym. Eur. p. 369. Icon. t. 154.,/. 2. Berk. Out. p. 190. C. Hbk. n. 517. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 476. Ag. Bull. t. 431./. 2. 65. C. spilomeus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, rufescent or clay-colour, not hygrophanous, somewhat fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous, becoming smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, thin, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat equal, white- lilac and beautifully variegated with rufous or tawny scales, furnished with a white cortina at the apex. Gills adnate or emarginate, crowded, narrow, thin, quite entire, bluish-grey or violaceous, becoming pale, at length watery cinnamon. Very elegant, commonly crespitose. The scales on the stem are like those of C. pholideus but with the colour of those of C. bolaris. In woods. Uncommon. Spores subsphseroid, 8-9x7-8 mk. K. Name — 0-71-1X05, a spot. From the variegated marking of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 63. Hym. Eur. p. 369. Icon. t. 154. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 190. C. Hbk. n. 518. Ag. Brig. t. 28. / 4-6. *** Gills briglitly ciimamon, Sr^c. 66. C. miltinus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i}4 in.) broad, bay- brown -cinnamon or when moist dark cinnamon, when dry shining, brick-colour, disc somewhat bay-brown, fleshy, thin, convex or lens-shaped then expanded, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, polished-smooth, scissile at the disc ; flesh watery when moist, tan when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, very tough, somewhat cartilaginous, equally attenuated upwards, often twisted, white-tomentose at the base, cinnamo7i or reddish, with red fibrils, often villous at the apex with the red cortina. Gills adnate, 2-3 mm. (i-i}4 lin.) broad, almost linear, plane, crowded, thin, beautiful reddish- cinnamon then ferruginous. Odour none. Although the pileus is moist in rainy weather and becomes pale when dry, it cannot be called hygrophanous. An elegant and remarkable species, the type of the group. The habit is that of preceding species, but the colours are those of C. ci?inamomeus. In mixed woods. Ledbury. Name — jou^o?, red earth. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 64. Hym. Eur. p. 369. Grevillca, vol. xii. p. 42. Quel. Grev. t. no./. 3. 67. C. cinnabarinus Fr. — Pileus 5-7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, scarlet-red, truly fleshy, campanulate, then flattened, obtuse or very obtusely umbonate, silky, then becoming smooth and shin- VOL. II. C 34 AGARICINI. Dermocybe. ing, or obsoletely scaly; the firm flesh paler. Stem 4-5 cent. (iJ^-2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and more thick, solid, equal, sometimes however bulbous, fibrillose or striate, scarlet -red, reddish-brick-colour internally. Cortina fibrillose, lax, cinnabar. Gills wholly adnate, somewhat decurrent, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, somewhat distant, connected by veins, unequal and darker at the edge, dark blood-colour when bruised. Odour of radish. Readily distinguished from all others by its splendid scarlet colour, and from C. sanguineus by its short solid and firm stem, its broad pileus, and somewhat distant gills. Stem never becoming yellow. In beech woods. Street, &c. Oct. Name — cinnabaris, dragon's blood. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 64. Hym. Eur. p. 370. Icon. t. 154./. 4. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882,/. 217. Quel. Grev. t. no./. 4. 68. C. sanguineus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-il/2 in.) broad, blood-colour, becoming slightly pale when dry, fleshy, thin, con- vex then plane, obtuse, occasionally depressed, silky or squamu- lose; flesh reddish, paler. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal (rather attenuated than thickened at the base), here and there flexuous, with fibrils of the same colour, almost darker than the pileus. Cortina arachnoid, fugacious, red blood-colour. Gills adnate, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, quite entire, dark blood- colour. Wholly dark blood-colour, the stem when compressed pouring forth bloody juice. Odour of radish. Thinner than species nearest to it. The spores are ochraceous on a white ground, somewhat ferruginous on a black ground. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores 6x4 mk. IV.G.S. Name — sanguis, blood. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 65. Hym. Eur. p. 370. Berk. Out. p. 190. C. Hbk. n. 519. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 477. Ag. Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. 2. t. 15./". 3. Sow. t. 43. Bolt. t. 36. Klotsch Bor. t. 385. Krombh. t. 2./. 28-30. 69. C. anthracinus Fr. — Pileus dark chestnut or brown-fus- cous, fleshy at the umbonate disc, otherwise thin, convex then expanded, umbo persistent, becoming fibrillose-even or smooth ; flesh very dark, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, fibrillose, of an intense blood-colour, fuscous towards the base. Gills adnate, crowded, deep red or fiery in colour, blood-red when bruised. Very elegant and most distinct ; smaller in all its parts than those nearest to it. In woods. Coed Coch. CORTINARIUS. 35 Spores elongate-pruniform, 12-14 mk. Q. Name — avOpa.%, burning coal. Dermocybe. From the colour of the gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 308. Hym. Eur. p. 370. B. & Br. n. 1269. Quel. Grev. t. 111. f. 1. 70. C. cinnamomeus Fr. — Pileus i-io cent. (K~4 in.) broad, somewhat cinnamon, fleshy, thin, obtuse, umbonate, silky or squamulose, with innate yellowish fibrils, at length becoming smooth. Stem stuffed then hollow, thin, equal, yellowish as well as the flesh a?td veil. Gills adnate, broad, crowded, shining. There are innumerable forms sufficiently constant ; the essential marks which are common to all are these: 1) Pileus thin, when flattened obtusely umbonate, silky with yellowish villous down, but when more fully grown often becoming smooth and then bright cinnamon, but the colour is variously changed. 2) Stem wholly equal, stuffed then hollow, yellowish, fibrillose with the cortina, which is of the same colour. 3) Flesh scissile, yellowish. 4) Gills adnate, crowded, thin, broad, always shining. 5) Spores dark ochraceous. The colour of the gills varies blood-red, red cinnamon, saffron-tawny, golden, light yellow, &c. In mixed woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Name — ci?inamomum, cinnamon. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 65. Hym. Eur. p. 370. Berk. Out. p. 190. C. Hbk. n. 520. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 478. Ag. Krombh. t. 71. /. 12-15. Letell. t. 618. Brigant. t. 30. /. 1-4. Bolt. t. 150. Sow. t. 205. 71. C. uliginosus Berk. — Pileus not exceeding 5 cent. (2 in.) in diameter, bright red-brown (almost brick - red), campanulato- conical, then expanded, very strongly umbonate, silky, sometimes streaked ; flesh yellow-olive then cinnamon. Stem flexuous, paler than the pileus. Gills distant, adnate, with a tooth, yellow- then olive, then cinnamon. Remarkable for its very strong, but scarcely acute umbo. In boggy woods among Sphagnum. King's Cliffe, &c. Name — uligo, marshy ground. From its habitat. Berk. Out. p. 190. C. Hbk. n. 521. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 479. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 371. 72. C. orellanus Fr.— Pileus orange-tawny, fleshy, obtusely umbonate, villoso-squamulose or fibrillose, the flesh, which is similar in colour to the pileus, redde?iing. Stem solid, firm, somewhat equal, striato-fibrillose and, as well as the cortina, tawny. Gills adfixed, broad, somewhat distant, at length opaque. It differs from C. cinnamomeus : 1) stem solid, firmer, striato-fibrillose, and, as well as the cortina, tawny ; 2) the ground colour of the firmer pileus also tawny, the fibrillose covering orange ; 3) the similar flesh reddening ; 4) gills broader, firmer, and somewhat distant. C. cinnabarinus, with which it has been confounded, is quite different in colours, and especially in that of the stem being the same as the pileus, not yellowish. In mixed woods. Coed Coch, &c. Sept.-Oct. 36 AGARICINI. Dermocybe. Spores pruniform, 10x4-5 mk. C.B.P. ; 7 x 4 mk. W.P. Name— meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 66. Hym. Eur. p. 371. B. & Br. ?i. 1270. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 480. Ag. Bull. t. 598. Perhaps yungh. Linn. v. £ 6. /. 19. 73. C. infucatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. {1-1% in.) broad, yellow, not hygrophanous, fleshy, comparatively small, convex, obtuse, silky when dry, even ; flesh whitish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, equally aite?iuated u p ward s/rv\\ov, a leaf). Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. Pileus thin. Stem externally more rigid, somewhat cartilaginous, stuffed or hollow, often attenuated downwards. Stem whitish, pallid, not floccoso-scaly. Stem inclining to violet. *** Stem and pileus tawny, ferruginous. **** Stein floccoso-scaly, and, as well as the pileus, fuscous. XL IV. Cort inarms {Telamonia) armillatus. One-fifth natural size. * I.— Platyphylli. * Stem and cortina white or whitish. 77. C. macropus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, brick- colour, at length becoming ferruginous, fleshy, comparatively thin, convex then flattened, margin at the first inflexed, obtuse, dry, hoary with very small squamules, then becoming smooth ; flesh cinereous. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent- {Yz-i in.) thick, solid, somewhat equal, stout, fibrillose, dingy whitish, then of the same colour as the pileus. Veil distant from the pileus, woven into a narrow ring, white. Gills adnexed, very broad (1-2.5 cent., }z-i in.), distant, even at the sides, sometimes crenated, sometimes quite entire, pallid then watery cinnamon. Pileus not compact. In woods. Leigh Wood, Bristol. Oct. Spores pruniform, finely punctate, 8 mk. Q. Name — /uaicpds, long ; 7rov?, a foot. Long-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 71. Hym. Eur. p. 374. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. t. 4. 78. C. bivelus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, tawny- ferruginous, here and there spotted or darker at the disc, not truly hygrophanous, somewhat equally fleshy, convexo-plane, always obtuse, soft, bibulous, smooth or slightly silky only round the CORTINARIUS. 39 margin, commonly shining, rarely opaque, sometimes rimulose. Telamonia. Stem solid, fleshy-spongy, sometimes bulbous, sometimes longer, equally attenuated, more frequently curt, thick, dingy white, inter- nally somewhat ferruginous. The exterior veil villous, sheathing, white, terminating in a spurious and fugacious ring, above which the thin cortina is vanishing. Gills adnate or somewhat emargi- nate, at first somewhat crowded, then somewhat distant, more or less broad, bright tawny-cinnamon. The pileus is pierced as with pores, a feature which is peculiar to most of the Telamonice, and which seems to have its origin in larvae. Growing in troops, strong smelling, taste pleasant. The stem is in no wise more rigid externally, like that of the somewhat similar C. subferrugineus. There is a variety in which the pileus is campanulate and lax. In woods. Coed Coch. Glamis. Sept. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 8-10x5-6 mk. K. Name — bis, velum, with double veil. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 72. Hym. Eur. p. 375. Icon. t. 156./". 1. B. 6^ Br. n. 1271. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 483. Quel. Grev. t. in./. 7. 79. C. bulbosus Fr. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, date- brown when moist, fuscous-brick when dry, unequally fleshy, campaniilato-expaiided, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, or fibril- loso-squamulose towards the margin from the torn epidermis; flesh of the same colour when damp, only pallid, whitish when dry, more compact at the disc. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid, bulbous, paler than the pileus, thinly sheathed and fuga- ciously ringed with the white veil. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, broad, at the very first dark, then brown-cinnamon, but never becoming violet. The pileus is generally smooth, but here and there torn into fibrils towards the margin, like C. armillatus with which it is remarkably analogous. Stem somewhat saffron-yellow at the base and internally. It differs from the Inolo- mata in the hygrophanous pileus, and from the Hygrocybes in the gills. In woods. Rare. Name — bulbus, a bulb. From the bulbous stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 73. Hym. Eur. p. 375. Berk. Out. p. 191. C. Hbk. n. 523. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 484. Ag. Sow. t. 130. 80. C. urbicus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, clay-whitish, fleshy, convexo-pla?ie, obtuse, always smooth, but pitted when larger; flesh firm, whitish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, as much as 12 mm. {% in.) thick, solid, equal, zoned above the middle with a narrow white ring, when young villous above the ring. Gills emarginate, crowded, thin, broad, watery fer- ruginous. 40 AGARICINI. Telamonia. Manifestly allied to C. bivelus, &c. The gills are not of the bright tawny- colour of these. Easily distinguished from C. bivelus by its smoothness and colour ; especially remarkable for the clay-whitish colour of the pileus. In grassy places. Cabalva. Sept.-Oct. Name — u?'bs, city. Found in frequented places. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 72. Hym. Eur. p. 375. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. jj. Quel. Grev. t. 112./". 1. 81. C. licinipes Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, very- pale yellow, tan-pallid when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, cam- panulate then convex and flattened, obtusely umbonate, and at length depressed round the umbo, even, smooth ; flesh hygro- phanous. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) and more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, at length fragile, equal, often flexuous, pale-white, white-villous at the base, otherwise clothed with shining floccoso-plnmose scales which fall off with age, even above the distant membranaceous ring. Gills adnate and very broad behind, as much as 12 mm. (}4 in.), somewhat crowded, quite entire, watery cinnamon. Fragile. Odour none. Var. short -stemmed, growing in drier places. Bull. t. 600. /. X. IV. T. In woods. Locality not recorded. Name — licinium, lint ; pes, a foot. Woolly-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 83. Hym. Eur. p. 376. B. & Br. n. 1549. ** Stem and gills violaceous, &*c. 82. C. torvus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, brick- colour, fleshy but thin with exception of the disc, convex, margin at first bent inwards, then wholly flattened, obtuse, somewhat fragile, even or broken up when dry, pierced with dotted points when old, at first spri7ikled with Jioary squamules and fibrils, and marbled with the same hoariness when it becomes smooth ; flesh whitish when dry, dingy. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. {%-\ in.) thick, solid, pierced by larvae, and at length spongy, when young short and bulbous, then elongated and somewhat equal, when perfect sheathed to the middle and ringed with the adnate veil, above which it is more equal and pale violaceous, when young furnished with a villous cortina, then fibrillose ; below the white spreading ring whitish, fibrillose and in fullest vigour floccoso-scaly, white-villous at the base. Gills somewhat adnate, thick, distant, plane, fragile, very broad (6-12 mm., 3-6 lin.), at first violaceous, soon purplish-umber, at length dark cinnamon, edge quite entire, at length veined at the base. Striking, commonly robust. It is difficult to describe the ground colour of CORTTNARIUS. 4 1 the pileus ; date-brown, brick-colour, copper-brown. There is a variety (in Telamonia. drier weather) with the gills rufescent-flesh-colour. Small forms changed in colour occur. The pileus like that of C. scutulatus, elatior, &c. varies pitted- wrinkled and ribbed from the centre. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Name — torvus, savage. Growing in wild places. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 74. Hym. Eur. p. 376. Ico?i. t. 157. f. 1. B. & Br. n. 1353. C. Hbk. n. 524. S. My col. Scot. n. 485. Bull. t. 600./. Q.R.S. Kalch. t. 21./. 1. 83. C. impennis Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, at first almost umber, then brick-colour, changing colour and dingy, somewhat equally fieshy, very obtuse, co?ivex, smooth, when young silky only round the margin, at length cracked ; flesh pallid. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. ()4-i in.) thick, solid, cyli?idrical, scarcely bulbous, not clothed with scales, pale, becom- ing violet at the apex and internally azure-blue, girt towards the apex with a white zone formed of the veil, and furnished with a cortina (of the same colour). Gills at first adnate, then emar- ginate, distant, rather thick, at first intensely a?td brightly vio- laceous and somewhat purplish, but immediately changing colour and becoming watery ferruginous. The pileus does not become hoary. Approaching C. torvus in colours, but much inferior, certainly different in the stem not being sheathed with the veil, in the pileus being smooth, &c. In a young state the colour is almost that of Ag. butyraceus. Among" dead leaves. Bomere. Name — penna, a feather. Without feathers. Smooth, contrasted with C. plumiger. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 75. Hym. Eur. p. 376. Icon. t. iS7-f' 2* B. & Br. n. 1880. 84. 0. plumiger Fr. — Pileus fuscous, somewhat olivaceous when moist, brick-tan when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, conical when yoinig, then campanulate, with a broad obtuse very prominent umbo, when more expanded as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.), and often cracked, dry, clothed with dense white fioccoso- plumose scales, which are sometimes erect and squarrose, some- times (after showers) adpressed and silky. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick at the base, 10 mm. (5 lin.) at the apex, solid, remarkably clavate, pale, internally watery whitish. Veil floccoso-scaly on the stem, somewhat in the form of a ring at the apex, shining white. Gills adnate, scarcely crowded broad, at first violaceous, soon of a watery then of a pure cinna- mon, edge quite entire, of the same colour or clay. Handsome. 42 AGARICINI. Telamonia. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Sept. Name — plumiger, feather-bearing. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 76. Hym. Eur. p. 377. B. & Br. n. 1550. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 486. Quel. Grev. t. 112./. 2. 85. C. scutulatus Fr. — Pileus comparatively small, at first fiurple-uniber or brick- fuliginous, very hygrophanous, brick- colour when dry, somewhat fleshy, at first ovato-globose, then campanulato-hemispherical, obtuse, at first white-silky round the margin, then naked, but rivulose in the form of innate squamules, varying lacunose-wrinkled ; flesh thin, violaceous. Stem some- times 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, some- times 12. 5-15 cent. (5-6 in.) long, 12 mm. {%, in.) thick, solid and rigid, cylindrical or bulbous at the very base, externally and internally intensely violaceous, at length becoming fuscous, white- villous at the base, somewhat rooted, occasionally ascending, sheathed and somewhat ringed with the white veil. Gills adnate, rarely emarginate, more or less distant, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, violaceous then purple, white-serrated at the edge when young, at length cinnamon. Odour strong of radish. Assuming various forms. Veil white; when in fullest vigour there is not only a superior ring, but there are also many zones from the floccose scales being arranged concentrically as in C. truimphans ; commonly with a simple ring above and clothed with sparse fibrils, occa- sionally quite denuded. There are, moreover, variations with the stem hol- low at the apex and the pileus umbilicate — with the pileus umbonate, more even, &c. In moist woods. Foxley, Cabal va. Sept.-Oct. Name — scutula, diamond, lozenge-shaped. From the markings on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 76. hym. Eur. p. 377. Icon. I. 158. f. 2. Grev- illea, vol. xii. p. 77. 86. C. evernius Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, purple- bay-brown, brick-colour when dry and becoming isabelline-hoary when old, very hygrophanous, thin, almost fleshy-me77ibranaceous, conico-campanulate then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, when young here and there adpressedly silky with the fibrillose white veil, but commonly smooth, at length rimosely incised and torn i?ito fibrils, very fragile; flesh very thin, of the same colour. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 12 mm. {%. in.) and more thick, stuffed, soft, equal or attenuated downwards, slightly striate, viola- ceous, becoming pale, squamulose and obsoletely zoned with the adpressed veil. Gills adnate, ventricose, very broad (1-2.5 cent., Yz-\ in.), distant, violaceous-purple, becoming pale, at length cinnamon. Odour not remarkable. Changing colour very much. It is analogous with CORTINARIUS. 43 C. elatior in stature, but there is plainly no affinity between them from the Telamonia. absence of a glutinous veil, and from the very different colours. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores subsphseroid-ellipsoid, 8-12x5-7 mk. K. Name — evepwj?, (ep^os, sprout) sprouting. Growing tall. Fr. Alonogr. ii. p. jj. Hy?n. Eur. p. 377. Berk. Out. p. 191. C. Hbk. n. 525. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 487. Sow. t. 125 (departing very much from the type). Quel. Grev. t. wz. f. 3. 87. C. quadricolor Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pallid yellow, then somewhat tawny, shifting when dry, slightly fleshy, conical then flattened, umbonate, smooth, at length pierced or spotted, radiato-striate at the margin ; flesh thin, of the same colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, flexuous, slightly rigid, fibrilloso- striate with the adpressed veil, violaceous-whitish, the veil above collapsing in the form of a zoned oblique white ring, at length vanishing. Gills adnate, distant, broad, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.), but thin, white-serrated at the edge, sometimes dark violaceous, some- times purplish then cinnamon. Very much allied to C. hinnuleus, but the colours are different. In woods. Coed Coch. Blaize Castle, Bristol. Oct. Name— quadricolor, of four colours. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 84. Hym. Eur. p. 378. B. & Br. n. 1663. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. t. 5. f. 2, Ag. Schceff. t. 303. *** Stem and veil reddish or yellow. 88. C. armillatus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, red-brick- colour, truly fleshy, but not very compact, at first cylindrical, soon campanulate, at length flattened, dry, at first smooth, soon innately fibrillose or squamulose ; flesh dingy pallid. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, firm, remarkably bulbous (bulb 2.5 cent., 1 in. thick, villous, whitish) and fibrillose at the base, when old striate and rufescent-pallid, internally isabelline. Exterior veil woven, red, arranged in 2-4 distant cinnabar zones encircling the stem; partial veil continuous with the upper zone, arachnoid, reddish- white. Gills adnate, slightly rounded, distant, at first pallid cinnamon, at length very broad (12 mm., % in.), dark ferruginous, almost bay-brown. Odour of radish. A very striking species. From the pileus not being hygrophanous, at the first smooth and at length torn into fibrils or squamulose, it might easily be taken for a species of Inoloma. The cortina itself is paler than the zones. It differs from all others in these zones. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. 44 AGARICINI. Telamonia. The rings are usually somewhat oblique. Spores ellipsoid, 10-12 x 6-j mk. K. ; pruniform, nucleate, rough, 10-12x5-7 mk. C.B.P. Name — armilla, a ring. Ringed. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 78. Hym. Eur. p. 378. Icon. t. 158./. 1. Berk. Out. p. 192. B. & Br. n. 1354. C. Hbk. n. 526. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 488. 89. C. haematochelis Fr. — Pileus fuscons-brick-colour (pallid), fleshy, thin, gibbous, silky-fibrillose. Stem solid, thickened but not bulbous, attenuated upwards, encircled with a rufous zone, becoming fuscous internally. Gills adnate, crowded, somewhat narrow, pallid cinnamon. In woods. Coed Coch. Oct. Name — cu/ua, blood ; x6'^*. tne chest. Girt with a red zone. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 378. B. & Br. n. 1273, 1354. Hussey i. t. 19. Ag. Bull. t. 527. f. 1. Paul. t. in. 90. C. limonius Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, but often smaller, tawny-lemon-yellow, ochraceous yellow and opaque when dry, very hygrophanous, truly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even and smooth when moist, rimosely incised when dry; flesh of the same colour, not scissile. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) thick, fleshy, solid (but often pierced by larvae), equal or sometimes attenuated, sometimes slightly thickened, at the base, where it is at length deep saffi-071, floccoso-scaly with the light-yellow veil, and here and there with a floccose ring at the apex, of the same colours as the pileus. Gills adnate, more rarely emarginate, distant, for a long time yellow to light-yellow, at length tawny-cinnamon. Odour none. There is scarcely a manifest affinity with any other species than C. psammocephalus. The floccose ring is often awanting, but from the scales of the stem it is manifestly a species of Telamonia. In pine woods. Rare. Name — lemon-coloured (Citrus Limonum). Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 80. Hym. Eur. p. 379. Icon. t. 159. /. 1. Berk. Out. p. 192. C. Hbk. n. 527. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 489. Quel. Grev. t. 112. f. 4. Ag. Holmsk. Ot. 2. t. 40. 91. C. helvolus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent., 2-3 in. (in smaller specimens 2.5-5 cent., 1-2 in.) broad, dark tawny-cinnamon, very pale yellow when dry, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, smooth, becoming even, margi7i, which is at the first furnished with a cortina, regularly be?it inwards. Stem 5-20 cent. (2-8 in.) long, firm, solid, rarely pierced, somewhat equal, not tense and straight, fibrillose, girt above with an an- nular, narrow, ferruginous-margined zone formed of the woven veil. Gills remarkably emarginate, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, distant, CORTINARIUS. 45 thick, somewhat veined at the base, opaque, tawny, then dark Telamonia. cinnamon. The stem in the largest form is 20 cent. (8 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, attenuated at the base; intermediate, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick ; smaller, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, attenuated from the base, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick at the apex. Flesh slightly tawny. Stem at length fuscous- ferruginous externally and internally. In mixed woods. Coed Coch. Glamis. Sept.-Oct. Name — helvolus, pale yellow. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 85. Hym. Eur. p. 379. B. & Br. n. 1355. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 490. Bull. t. 531./. 1 (except white flesh). 92. C. hinnuleus Fr. — Pileus pallid tawny-cinnamon, becom- ing pale, shining when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulato- expanded, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, sometimes depressed in the centre, even, smooth, often pierced with dotted points ; flesh of the same colour. Stem 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) long, stuffed, but commonly pierced by larvae, equal or atte?iuated downwards, rigid, dingy tawny and sometimes fuscous, but white-silky with the addressed silky veil and white-zoned above with the woven veil. Gills more or less emarginato-adnexed, distant, but thin, the edge, which is of the same colour, acute and quite entire, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad (semiovate when smaller), connected by veins, plane, saffron-tawny. Varying much in stature. Stem sometimes short 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, sometimes 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, sometimes elongated 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and flexuous. It departs from all the others in this group in the white veil. The above is the earlier form in birch wood. B. later among poplar. Stem at length hollow, wholly fibrous, internally dark tawny, externally pale with the silky fibrils, ring obsolete ; but the pileus (somewhat membranaceous, conico-expanded, acutely or obtusely umbonate, darker, yellowish when dry and at length rimosely torn) is silky round the margi?is. Gills adnate, distinct, opaque, slightly tawny then cinnamon. Very small form, stem 12 mm. (% in.), gills very broad. In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Oct. Name — hinnuleus, fawn. Fawn-coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 86. Hym. Eur. p. 380. Berk. Out. p. 192. C. Hbk. n. 528. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 491. Sow. t. 173. Quel. Grev. t. 113./*. 1. 93. C. gentilis Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (%-* in-) broad, tawny- cinnamon, yellow when dry, very hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, conico-expanded, then flattened, acutely umbonate, rimosely in- cised, varying somewhat silky ; flesh thin and of the same colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, slender, equal or attenuated at the base, often curved, fibrillose, of the same colours as the pileus when moist and dry, never becoming pale. Veil forming an annular zone, 46 AGARICINI. Telamonia. oblique, sometimes arranged in many zones, sometimes floccoso- scaly below the ring, yellow. Gills adnate, thick, very distant, plane, connected by veins, quite entire, tawny-cinnamon. Gregarious. The stem is commonly more tense and straight than others of the same stature. The gills are of the same colour as the pileus in the primary state ; they do not change colour when dry, like the pileus and stem, where- fore the fungus is remarkably of the same colour when moist, but when dry of different colours, the pileus and stem being yellow. Spores have been observed somewhat clay-coloured on a black ground. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores subsphaeroid-ellipsoid, 8-9 x 5-6 mk. K.; pruniform, nucleate, slightly rough, 10x6 mk. C.B.P. Na.me—gentil/s, national, as opposed to exotic. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 87. Hym. Eur. p. 380. /con. t. 159./". 2. Br. Bath Trans- act. 1870, p. 72. C. Hbk. n. 529. S. My col. Scot. n. 492. Grevillea, t. 84. 94. C. helvelloides Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (X-1 m-) broad, ferruginous, becoming tawny when dry, somewhat membrana- ceous, convex then flattened, umbonate (obtusely or acutely), smooth, somewhat striate when moist, when more fully grown cracked and squarrose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, very much undulated and flex- uous, somewhat ferruginous and without any whiteness. Veil yellowish, silky round the margin of the pileus, and somewhat in the form of a ring at the apex of the stem, above which the stem is white-silky and glittering. Gills adnate, very thick and exceed- ingly distant, rather broad, distinct, at first violaceous-umber (never purplish), edge white-fioccose, soon however of one colour umber-cinnamon, at length ferruginous. Quite inodorous. The pileus varies fibrillose when young ; sometimes bul- late, rarely conical : it varies also in colour. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Name — Helvetia-like. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 87. Hym. Eur. p. 380. Icon, t. 139./". 3. B. & Br. n. 929. C. Hbk. n. 530. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 493. *#•** stem beco7ni?ig fuscous, &>c. 95. C. punctatus Fr. — Pileus hoary-umber (tan), somewhat membranaceous, conico-convex, smooth, at length even, pierced. Stem somewhat fistulose, equal, slender, undulated, fibrilloso- striate, yellow-fuscous, girt with a pallid fuscous zone from the fugacious veil. Gills adnate, very distant, quite entire, brown- cinnamon. Primary form : pileus 12 mm. {y2 in.) broad ; stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, scarcely beyond 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick ; gills almost 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad. Very CORTINARIUS. 47 much allied to C. gentilis, distinct in the colour of all its parts, and in the Telamonia. convex, obtuse or obtusely umbonate pileus. Commonly also thinner, very flexuous, like C. helvelloides. In pine woods it occurs larger, somewhat cin- namon, pileus at length fibrillose, gills sinuato-adnexed and less distant. In woods. Locality not recorded. Name — -functus, a puncture. Pierced. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 382. Monogr. ii. p. 91. B. & Br. ?i. 1551. II. — Leptophylli. * Stem whitish, pallid, dr'c. 96. C. triformis Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, remark- ably hygrophanous, fawn-colour when you?ig, then yellowish or honey-colour, isabelline when dry, unequally fleshy, thin at the margin, convex then plane, obtuse or slightly gibbous, superficially fibrillose or becoming smooth, at length pierced-dotted, always even, opaque. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm,'(^ in.) thick, somewhat bulbous, stuffed, spongy internally, fragile, rather smooth, pallid, ringed upwards with the woven veil, the ring dis- tant and white. Gills adnate, ventricose, somewhat emarginate, 8 mm. (4 lift,) broad, connected by veins, somewhat distant, thin, watery honey-colour, then watery cinnamon. The pileus varies in colour, at first brownish or livid-yellowish, dingy tan when dry. The gills are of one colour. In woods. Alresford, Hants. Name — tres, three ; forma, form. From its assuming three distinct forms, of which the above (Schcefferi) is the type. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 73. Hym. Eur. p. 382. Schceff. t. 247 ? Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. ** Stem inclitiing to violet, &^c. 97. C. periscelis Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, lilac, white- silky, hygrophanous, campanulate then convex, umbo fleshy, otherwise somewhat membranaceous. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, equal, straight, fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus, somewhat ringed with the woven fuscous veil, becoming fuscous when dry, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, narrow, pallid then dark ferruginous. Peculiar, rather perhaps belonging to the fuscous series. In bogs and under beech. Bowood. Name— 7repi£-i in.) broad, at first 48 AGARICINI. Telamonia very dark clate-brown-fuscous, also inclining' to violaceous, but becoming pale, very pale yellow in dry weather, tan when old, slightly fleshy, at first conical and acute, then expanded and acutely umbonate, at length depressed round the umbo, hoary- fibrillose, at length denuded, torn when old ; flesh thin, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, then pierced, equal, fiexuous, floccoso-scaly below the woven sufficiently manifest white ring, pallid, viola- ceous throughout or at least at the apex. Gills adnate, slightly distant, broad, purple or umber-violaceous, then at length cinna- mon, whitish at the edge. When old almost like C. evernius, with which it agrees in the variation of colour. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Narae-/aw, bent ; pes, a foot. From the flexuous stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 84. Hym. Eur. p. 384. S. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 188 1, p. 36. Grevillea, t. 113./". 3. 99. C. flabellus Fr. — Pileus 18 mm. {% in.) broad, olivaceous- fuscous, tan when dry, somewhat membranaceous, commonly acutely umbonate, at first conical, then flattened, at first covered with white superficial separating scales, silky when dry, and at length rimosely incised, torn into fibrils ; flesh very thin, paler. Stem 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, sometimes short, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, in the typical form elongated (7.5-10 cent., 3-4 in.), stuffed then hollow, equal, undulated and flexuous, floccoso-scaly, pallid, becoming violet at the apex. Veil white, inferior, giving rise to the scales on the stem, terminating in a ring, which is sometimes perfect and entire, sometimes woven and oblique. Gills adnate, crowded, li?tear, narrow, dark violaceous, then cinnamon, at length ferruginous. Growing in troops. Odour strong, somewhat of radish. Ring often awanting. In woods. Coed Coch. According to Fries's earlier description the umbo is commonly obtuse and vanishing. Name— ^fc//w, a small fan. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 85. Hym. Eur. p. 384. B. 6^ Br. n. 1881. *** Stem and pileus tawny, ferruginous. 100. C. psammocephalus Fr. Wholly tawny-cinnamon. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, fleshy, thin, convex then plain and at length umbonate and revolute, broken up into minute furfuraceous squam- ules. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, at CORTINARIUS. 49 length hollow, somewhat attenuated, sheathed with the continuous Telamonia. squamulose veil, from which proceeds a fibrillose cortina. Gills sinuato-adnate, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, at length darker, umber-cinnamon. Odour none. Internally it is of the same colour (not white as in Bulliard's fig.) ; thepileus and stem become pale and somewhat golden when dry. No distinct ring. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name — \pdnfi.o<;, sand ; K^aXf\, head. From the furfuraceous squamules on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 80. Hym. Eur. p. 384. Berk. Out. p. 193. C. Hbk. n. 532. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 494. Bull. t. 531./. 2. 101. C. incisus Fr. — Pileus tawny-ferruginous, oftaque, slightly fleshy, variable in form, sometimes very acutely, sometimes obso- letely umbonate, convexo - expa?ided, naked when young, then (especially in dry weather) torn into fibrils or scales^ but even and shining when scorched by the sun. Stem sometimes curt, 2.5 cent. (1 in. long), 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, sometimes elongated 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.), somewhat stuffed, flexuous, wholly fibrous in moist places, fibrillose, not polished externally. Gills adnate, sometvhat distant, cinnamon-ferruginous. Not much smell. Growing in troops, somewhat caespitose. The pileus is commonly tawny-ferruginous, but when young also date-brown, olivaceous- fuscous, &c. It differs from G. gentilis, &c, in the colour being darker, ferru- ginous, and especially in the somewhat zoned white veil. In woods. Loughborough. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate, 9-12x6 mk. K. Name — incido, to cut into. From the cracked pileus. Fr. Monogr. \\.p. 88. Hym. Eur. p. 384. Icon. t. 160. f. 1. B. & Br. n. 1272. Ag. Bull. t. 586.7! 2. 102. C. iliopodius Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I~2 m-) broad, cinnamon, tan when dry, slightly fleshy, conical then expanded and for the most part acutely umbonate, at the first silky with hoary fibrils, becoming smooth when full grown. Stem here and there short, commonly elongated, stuffed, flexuous, equal, elastic, sheathed to the middle with the white veil which becomes even and silky, and cortinato-ringed where the sheathing ends, naked and fibrilloso-striate at the apex, internally saffron-cinnamon. Gills adnate, slightly distant, thin, cinnamon. Very protean, and there are individual forms which can scarcely be defined. It is distinguished, however, from others by its opaque cinnamon colour, that of the stem often becoming fuscous, by the stem being externally somewhat cartilaginous and paler, by the white veil, and by the gills being more crowded and thin. In mixed woods. Common. July-Nov. VOL. II. D 50 AGARICINI. Telamonia. Name — lAvs, mud ; ttous, a foot. From the dirty stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 88. Hym. Eur. p. 385. Berk. Out. p. 193. C, Hbk. n. 533. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 495. Ag. Bull. t. 586./. 2. A.B., t. 578 partly. *##* Stem floccoso-scaly , fe^c. 103. C. hemitrichus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, dark fuscous, fuscous-tan when dry, umbo commonly persistently dark, somewhat fleshy, convexo - expanded, sometimes acutely, sometimes obtusely umbonate or wholly obtuse (in largest speci- mens even umbilicate on account of the hollow apex of the stem), sometimes wholly, sometimes roimd the margi?i elegantly white- fibrilloso-curled with erect floccl, the fibrils however superficial, even, never torn. Stem 4-6 cent. {i%-2}4. in.) long, at the very first hollow, equal, thick, firm, scarcely ever flexuous, pallid fuscous, white-flocculose below the medial ring which is woven, shining white, not rarely membranaceous and reflexed. Gills adnate, but ventricose at the base, hence they appear rounded, very crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, quite entire, clay-colour, at length cinnamon. Odour none, taste not unpleasant. Pileus stiff, scissile. It becomes ad- pressedly fibrillose when the flocci are flattened, and becomes smooth when these are wiped off by showers. The colour resembles that of C. castaneus when dry. In smaller forms the fibrils of the pileus are shorter, and the ring less conspicuous. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores sphosroid-ellipsoid, 7x5 mk. K. Name — 0pi|, hair. Partially hairy. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 89. Hym. Eur. p. 385. Icon. t. 160. f. 2. B. 6f Br. n. 930. C. Hbk. n. 534. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 496. 104. C. stemmatus Fr.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (i)4-2 in.) broad, date-brow?i when moist, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, fragile, hoary - silky round the 7nargin when moist, fibrillose when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, stuffed then fistulose, equal or slightly attenuated at the base, often curved, soft, externally and internally ferruginous- date-brown, paler and becoming silky-even at the apex. Gills adnate, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, narrower behind, date- brown, opaque. Distinguished by the pileus being hoary-silky round the margin, and by the very crowded, narrow, date-brown gills. It occurs under two forms : the earlier with the stem floccoso-squamulose and somewhat ringed ; and the later with the stem naked, the veil being wiped off. Allied to C. tiraceus, but in that species there is no trace of a woven veil even in its earliest stages. In moist woods. Lyne, Sussex. Name — cre/Afxa, a wreath. From the silky marginal band. Fr. Monogr. ii. CORTINARIUS. 5' p. 89. Hym. Eur. p. 385. Icon. t. 160. /. 3. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 68 Telamonia. (ringless form). 105. C. paleaceus Fr. — Pileus fuscous when damp, dingy when dry, very hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, conical then expanded, acutely or obtusely umbonate, at first silky with superficial squamulose white villous down (veil), becoming smooth, opaque ; flesh of the disc of the same colour, almost none at the sides. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, fisiulose, slender, toughish, undulated on the surface, externally and inter- nally fuscous, paler when young, white-villous at the base, here and there squamulose with white flocci, and white-ringed at the apex. Gills adnate, broad, crowded, at first pallid-whitish, at length cinnamon. Odour weak. Commonly acutely umbonate. It differs from C. iliopodius in the stem not being tawny within, and in the veil being floccoso-scaly not be- coming even. In beech woods. Cabalva. Sept.-Oct. Name — palea, chaff. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 92. Hym. Eur. p. 386. Icon. t. 160. f. 4. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 77. ,5. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883,/. 31. Quel. Grev. t. 113. f. 5, t. 114./. 4. Tribe VI. HYGROCYBE (pyP6s, moist ; *cffj8ij, head). Pileus Hygrocybe. smooth or only covered with white superficial fibrils, not viscous, but moist when fresh, changing colour when dry, flesh very thin or scissile ; rarely more compact at the disc. Stem slightly rigid, not sheathed ; cortina thin, fibrillose, rarely collaps- ing and forming an irregular zone on the stem. Quite distinct from Telauionia, but o?tly by the veil. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 386. I. Firmiokes. Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex or campanulato - convex then ex- panded, obtuse or at length gibbous, mar- gin at first incurved. Stem (for the most part) attenuated upwards. * Stem white, cortina of the same colour. ,** Stem and gills commonly inclining to violet. In various species of the former sec- tion there is a fugitive tinge of violet at the apex of the stem *** Stem and somewhat obsolete veil yellow or rufous. XL V. Cortinarius {Hygrocybe) castaneus. One-third natural size. 52 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. **** Stem inclining to fuscous ; cortina of a pallid dirty colour or white (not yellow) ; gills dark. II. Tenuiores. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, conical then expanded, umbonate, umbo acute or more rarely obtuse and vanishing (the opposite is the way of the Firmiores), margin at first straight. Stem somewhat equal or attenuated at the base. {The thinness of the pileus is only relative to its size.) * Stem white. ** Stem inclining to violet or reddish. *** Stem yellowish, commonly becoming pale. **** Stem inclining to fuscous. I. — Firmiores. * Stem white, cortina of the same colour. 106. C. subferrugineus Fr.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, ferruginous or watery cinnamon, more or less hygrophan- ous, when dry sometimes shining and tawny, sometimes becom- ing pale, unequally fleshy, abruptly more compact at the disc, convex then expanded, obtuse, here and there flexuous, firm but not rigid, even, smooth ; flesh scissile, dingy, isabelline-white. Stem variable in stature, commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, solid, more or less bulbous, attenuated upwards, adpressedly fibrillose, externally rigid and somewhat cartilagin- ous, pallid, internally soft, saffron - yellow at the base. Veil entirely fibrillose and marginal only, not sheathing, very fuga- cious. Gills remarkably emarginate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, ?nore or less crowded, opaque, at first pallid, soon watery then dark ferruginous. Among heaped rotting pine-leaves the stem is stout, very inflated, spongy. Odour that of the Inolomata, taste unpleasant. There are many forms definite as to colour, but scarcely to be defined by description. It differs from C. ar- meniacus in the opaque colour, in the fleshy obtuse pileus, in the stem not being elastic, in the veil not collapsing, &c, and from C. bivelus in the simple veil, the smooth and hygrophanous pileus (watery ferruginous when moist, becoming tan-ferruginous when dry), &c. In woods. Coed Coch. Sept. Name—ferrugo, rust-colour. Somewhat ferruginous. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 93. Hym. Eur. p. 387. B. & Br. n. 1275. Quel. t. 113./. 6. Ag. Batschf. 186 (not good). 107. C. armeniacus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, tawny-cinnamon when moist, ochraceous when dry, rigid, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex and flattened, broadly and ob- tusely umbonate, even, smooth, not viscid, here and there slightly striate at the margin; flesh somewhat of the same colour, scissile. Stem commonly 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, stuffed, conico-attenualed, fibrillose, white, externally rigid and CORTINARIUS. 53 somewhat cartilaginous, internally spongy, hence elastic, wholly Bygrocybe. white. Cortina simple, white, somewhat sheathing, collapsing and commonly leaving an adpressed (not annular) zone on the stem. Gills adnate, at length slightly rounded, always crowded, rather broad, at first pallidly then tawny cinnamon, shining. Handsomest in pine woods. Firm, bright, changeable. Pileus soon destitute of white fibrils. There is a remarkable variety {falsarius) in which the pileus is paler, light yellowish, white when dry. On heaped rotting leaves in moist places the stem becomes very much swollen, among damp mosses it is longer and more slender. In pine woods. Uncommon. Oct. Spores ellipsoid, nucleate, 4-5x2-2^ mk. C.B.P. Name — from likeness in colour to Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca). Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 94. Hym. Eur. p. 387. Berk. Ozd. p. 193. C. Hbk. n. 535. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 497. Ag. Schczff. t. 81. 108. C. privignus Fr.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, the ground colour fuscous, but becoming hoary-pale with a very thin white film, pallid-tan when dry, slightly and unequally fleshy, convex then flattened (even reflexed and undulated), obtusely umbonate, without striae, dry, but remarkably hygrophanous ; flesh hygrophanous. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, sometimes attenuated from the base, sometimes equal, most frequently twisted, silvery-pale, here and there white-silky with the veil. Gills adnate, broad, not crowded, distinct, at first watery, then opaque cinnamon, serrated and white-fimbriate at the edge when perfect. Very fragile, strong smelling, but scarcely acrid. The most remarkable of the group. In pine woods. Woolhope Foray, 1885. Oct. Spores pruniform, punctate, 8 mk. Q. Name—privigmis, a step-son. Re- lation not apparent, but the plant being fragile occupies a singular position in the group. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 95. Hym. Eur. p. 388. Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. 109. C. duracinus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, when moist watery brick-colour, tan when dry, always opaque, fleshy, plane with a broad obtuse umbo, and with a singular elevated ridge round the margin caused by the margin being at first sharply and regularly bent inwards to the breadth of half a line, at which stage it is clothed with white silkiness, and afterwards becoming flattened, when it is naked and even ; cuticle hard, rigid, fragile. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, solid, hard, somewhat bulbous but rooted at the attenuated stem-like base, externally even, smooth, and rigid, with a thick cartilaginous rigid separable cuticle (the fragments of 54 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. which when it breaks up become revolute), pale-white. Cortina appearing only as a silky narrow white zone round the very mar- gin of the pileus. Gills adnate, moderately crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, watery cinnamon, even at the sides. No trace of a fibrillose cortina has been observed in any stage of its growth. In pine woods the stem is not bulbous, but attenuated downwards. In old pastures beside stumps. Dun, 1876. Scone, 1877. Oct. Name — durus, hard ; acinus, berry. Hard. From the coating of the pileus and stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 96. Hym. Eur. p. 388. B. & Br. n. 1776. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 498. Quel. Grev. t. 115./*. 1. — Schceff. t. 221. 110. C. dilutus Fr.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first bay-brown, even watery brick-colour, tan when dry, in either state opaque, somewhat fleshy, convex then expanded, umbonate (umbo thin, vanishing), smooth when the veil is rubbed off. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, slightly attenuated from the base, externally not cartilaginous - polished, white - silky, then becoming smooth, opaque, whitish. Gills deeply emarginate, very ventricose, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, crowded, pale cinnamon, not shining. Inodorous. Veil white, often collapsing into spots on the stem or forming spurious zones, and on the pileus forming a white-silky zone round the mar- gin. Wholly soft and fragile, and thus readily distinguished from the much more robust C. arvieniacus with which it agrees in colours, so that it was formerly taken for a thinner form of that species. In woods. Rare. Not recorded since the time of Bolton. Name — dilutus, diluted, watery. Of the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 98. Hym. Eur. p. 389. Berk. Out. p. 194. C. Hbk. n. 536. Grevillea, t. 85./". 2. var. Ag. Bolt. t. 10. ** Stem and gills commonly inclining to violet. 111. C. saturninus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) even 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, dark bay-brown somewhat umber when damp, soon becoming pale, brick-colour, changing colour very much, unequally fleshy, campanulate when young, then ex- panded, obtuse, even, smooth (or when young superficially silky round the margi?i with the veil) ; flesh violaceous then whitish, thin at the circumference. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (>2-i in.) thick, occasionally shorter and bulboso-ventricose, firm, stuffed, internally spongy, thickened downwards, fibrillose, deep violet, but becoming white. Cortina inferior, abundant, white. Gills rounded-adfixed, very broad (8 mm., 4 lin.), crowded, thin, fragile, purplish when young, at length watery ferruginous. CORTINARIUS. 55 Somewhat caespitose. It varies in stature, sometiines much smaller. Cor- Hygrocybe. tina remarkably fibrillose, lax, not forming a zone. Manifestly allied to C. armeniacus ; they might be easily confounded when this is old and changed in colour. In grassy places. Woolhope Foray, 1885. Oct. Name — saturnine, gloomy. Of the dark colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 99. Hy?n. Eur. p. 390. Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 39. 112. C. imbutus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, toast-brown then pale yellowish, somewhat unequally fleshy, convex, obtuse, even, smooth, obsoletely hoary -fibrillose towards the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3'in.) long, not 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, solid, equal, sometimes twisted, becoming even, scarcely fibrillose, whitish, pale violaceous at the apex, of the same colour internally. Cor- tina white, adhering to the margin of the pileus and to the apex of the stem, fugacious. Gills rounded, somewhat distant, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, with narrower and shorter ones intermixed, at the first dark bluish-grey or violaceous- cinereous, never purplish, then watery cinnamon. Flesh dingy, manifestly violaceous only at the apex of the stem. It ap- proaches C. subferrugineus in the same way as C. saturninus approaches C. armeniacus. In woods. Dinmore. Name — imbuo, to soak, stain. Perhaps from the dyed flesh. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 100. Hym. Eur. p. 390. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 109. 113. C. castaneus Fr. — Pileus fuscous-chestnut, scarcely becom- ing pale when dry, but shining, umbo becoming black, paler at the circumference, slightly fleshy, but firm, almost pliaiit, cam- panulate then flattened, not or only obtusely umbonate, often irregular, even, smooth. Stem about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat fistulose (when young also stuffed), tough, externally cartilaginous, slightly fibrillose with the veil, otherwise smooth, even, somewhat equal, pallid violaceous or pal- lid rufescent, unchangeable when dry. Cortina entirely fibrillose, scanty, white. Gills adnate, but varying emarginate, crowded, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, edge whitish, violaceous then fer- ruginous. Gregarious, even caespitose, polymorphous, always very small. The pileus is often obsoletely white-silky round the margin with the cortina. Spores dark ferruginous. In woods, &c. Common. July- Oct. Odour none ; taste like Marasmius oreades. M.J.B. Name — castaneus, chestnut. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 101. Hym. Eur. p. 391. Berk. Out. p. 194. C. Hbk. n. 537. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 499. Ag. Bull. t. 268. 56 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. *** Stem and somewhat obsolete veil yellow or rufous. 114. C. colus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 m0 broad, brown- rufescent, brick -colour paler and shining when dry, somewhat fleshy, small in comparison with the tall stem, campanulate when young, then convex, obtusely umbonate or wholly obtuse, well- formed ; flesh of the same colour, dingy whitish when dry. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick below, only 4 mm. (2 lin.) at the apex, stuffed, almost solid, equally attenuated up- wards, encircled with the blood-red myceliiwi at the base, which is sometimes rooted, stiff, naked, not cartilaginous but remarka- bly Jibrillose longitudinally and throughout, scissile, tense and straight, coloured with fibrils of the same colour as the pileus, but paler than the pileus. Cortina entirely fibrillose, tawny-reddish. Gills adnate, scarcely sinuate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, plane, firm, tough, rather thick, scarcely crowded, veined, dark cinnamon, paler when young. Spores ochrey-cinnamon. Mycelium fiery-saffron-yellow. Hym. Eur. In woods. Blaize Castle, Bristol. Oct. Spores pruniform, 8-9 ink. Q. Name — colus, a distaff. From the remark- ably fibrillose stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 102. Hym. Eur. p. 391. Bucknall, Fung. Bristol, pt. vii. p. 3. 115. C. renidens Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, fer- rugino its- tawny when damp, ochraceous when dry, here and there becoming pale only at the disc, slightly fleshy, firm, convexo- plane, obtuse or gibbous, very smooth, shining; flesh thin, scissile, paler. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, firm, stuffed, exactly equal, externally somewhat cartilagi- nous, wholly dissolvable however into fibrils, of the same colour as the pileus, yellowish-pale, then tawny. Cortina laxly fibrillose, fugacious, yellow. Gills adnate, but also separating-free, some- what crowded, entire, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, at first pallid cinnamon then tawny. Spores dark ochraceous. Odour weak, by no means that of radish. Re- markably hygrophanous. Its nature is that of C. armeniacus, but it is smaller, and is readily distinguished by its brighter colour, and especially by the yellow cortina. The pileus is sometimes umbilicate from the hollow apex of the stem. In shady woods. Highbeach, Epping. Name—renideo, to shine back. Glistening. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 103. Hym. Eur. p. 392. Icon. t. 162./. 1. Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 70. — Paul. t. 54./. 1, 2? CORTINARIUS. 5 7 #*** stem inclining to fuscous, &*c. Hygrocybe. 116. C. uraceus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, when moist umber or brown, sometimes inclining to olive, somewhat shining, when dry (when young brick-colour) commonly tan or isabelline, slightly fleshy, conical then campanulate, then expanded and umbonate or obtuse, when moist even, smooth, when dry at length somewhat fibrillose ; flesh fuscous, darker in the stem. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, slightly tubular, stuffed then hollow, cylindrical, exactly equal, firm, fibril- loso-striate (the striae paler), but becoming even,fitscous, naked and becoming pale at the apex, sometimes inclining to olive, at length becoming wholly fuscous-black, internally of the same colour. Cortina superior, fibrillose, fuscous, but rarely conspicuous. Gills adnate, ventricose, firm, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad, distant, cinnamon-brow7i, the edge sometimes quite entire and of the same colour, sometimes white and fimbriato-serrated. The slight margin of the pileus is incurved. There are variations which cannot be noted. In pine woods. Dinmore. Spores pruniform, granulated, 8-9 mk. Q. Name — vpa£, a mouse. Mouse- coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 112. Hym. Eur. p. 393. Icon. t. 162. f. 3. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 77. 117. C. jubarinus Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (i}4-3 in.) broad, splendidly tawny-cinnamon and shining, somewhat fleshy, cam- panulas-flattened, obsoletely umbonate, when larger and old depressed in the centre, often repand and undulated, at length reflexed, fragile, even and smooth at the disc, when young silky towards the margin with the veil, when old innately fibrillose under a lens. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, when larger 12 mm. {% in.), when smaller 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then hollow, fibrilloso-striate, externally and internally pale tawny, paler at the base and (naked) apex. Gills adnate, somewhat dis- tant, 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) broad, distinct, tawny-cirma??io?i, the edge which is quite entire of the same colour. At first sight very like C. cimiamomeus, but differing in the fugacious, fibril- lose, white veil. The pileus is not velvety-villous as in C. cinnamomeus. It may also be confounded with C. incisus on account of its colours, but it differs from that species in the surface being scarcely hygrophanous, always polished and entire, although the pileus is rimoso-incised at the margin. In woods. Coed Coch. Name— jubar, radiance. Shining. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 105. Hym. Eur. p. 393. B. fr Br. n. 1883.— Bull. t. 431./. 1. 58 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. II. — TeNUIORES. * Stem white. 118. C. rigens Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_ 2 m0 ar>d more broad, opaque and tan-clay-colour when damp, tan-whitish when dry, fleshy, thin, when young campanulate and lax, then convex, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, smooth ; flesh slightly firm, white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) thick, stuffed, furnished with a remarkably cartilaginous bark, elastic, rigid and tough, rooted, smooth, even, naked, pale when moist, white when dry. Cortina scarcely manifest. Gills adnate, some- what decurrent, distant, very broad (6-10 mm., 3-5 lin.), distinct, watery clay-colour, then pallid cinnamon. The stem varies much in stature, sometimes equal, thickened sometimes downwards sometimes towards the apex, which is then hollow, even fusiform. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Oct. Spores pruniform, granulated, 8-9 mk. Q. ; 7x5 mk. W.P. Name — rigeo, to be stiff. Stem rigid. Fr. Mojiogr. ii. p. 107. Hym. Eur. p. 395. B. & Br. n. 391. C. Hbk. n. 539. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 500. 119. C. Reedii Berk. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, persistently brown, conical then expanded and strongly umbonate, smooth, shining, disc areolate, margin splitting; flesh pallid. Stem 4-5 cent. (i}4-2 in.) long, solid, fibrilloso-striate, slightly bulbous, white. Veil fibrillose, evanescent. Gills ascending, attenuated behind, free, broad, ventricose, white or pallid, then cinnamon. Tasteless and scentless. Allied to C. leucopus. Among moss and beech mast. Hayes, Surrey. May. Name — after Reed. Berk. Out. p. 194. C. Hbk. n. 538. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 395. Hussey ii. /. 45. 120. C. leucopus Fr. — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, very pale yellow, tan when dry, somewhat fleshy, conical then expanded and umbonate, even, smooth, moist but not viscous. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, .4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, rather thick, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, soft, shining white, furnished with a cortina at the middle. Gills adnexed, separating, crowded, ventricose, thin, pallid then cinna- mon, the edge which is quite entire of the same colour. With the habit of C. pluvius, but not viscid. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. CORTINARIUS. 59 Name — Aev contrary to expec- tation or rule. From its having features contrary to normal Agaricus, under which Kalchbrenner placed it. Berk. Ag. Kalchb. Fung. Hung. t. 16. f. 1. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244. Grevillea, vol. iv. p. 118. 4. P. panseolus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 in.) broad, whitish, fleshy, thin, convexo- plane then somewhat depressed, even, smooth, moist, the thin margin involute; flesh becoming black. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) or little more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed, striato-fibrillose, rufescent, thickened downwards. Gills slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow, at length watery -ferruginous. The whole plant is at first whitish, then the stem is rufescent, and the gills in the end become cinnamon. The gills are separated from the hymenophore by a horny line, and readily separate from the pileus. Spores watery ferrugi- nous, in which it approaches the Tapinise. * spilomseolus. — Pileus spotted as with drops, and, as well as the slender stem, yellowish-white. Gills at length watery ferru- ginous, horny-grey at the base. Among fir-leaves. Stoke Poges. The spotted pileus and dingy spores at once distinguish it from any Tricho- loma with which it might be confounded. The stem is sometimes incrassated at the base, sometimes quite equal. B. & Br. The var. only is British. Name — 7ravcuoAos, all-variegated. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 117, 310. Hym. Eur. p. 402. B. 6° Br. n. 1666. Hoffm. Ic. t. 10. f. 1. 68 AGARICINI. Paxillus. II. — TAPINIA. 5. P. involutus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, ochrey-ferruginous, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane then depressed, for the most part central, at the first pubescent, soon becom- ing smooth, somewhat viscid when moist, shining when dry, obtuse and villous round the margin which is at first closely involute, when more fully grown extenuated and acute ; flesh compact, pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent- (}4-i in.) thick, fleshy, solid, firm, thickened upwrards, more rarely at the same time bulbous at the base, naked, dingy yellowish, commonly spotted. Gills decurrent, rather broad, branched and forming pores behind, when young arcuate, crowded, pallid, at once spotted when touched, at length extended, ferruginous. Commonly large, obese, readily distinguished by the pileus being villous round the very involute margin, by the gills anastomosing and forming pores at the base and being dingy-spotted when touched. Pileus more rarely excen- tric, darker in colour in wet, and paler in dry weather. It varies lobed and scaly. In woods. Very common. June-Nov. Edible ; highly esteemed in Russia. Spores ferruginous, Fr. ; ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 8-16 x 6 mk. K. ; 5x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — involutus, rolled inwards. From the involute pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 118. Hym. Eur. p. 403. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 75. Berk. Out. p. 195. t. 12. f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 547. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 510. Hoffm. Ic. t. 10. f. 2. Ag. Batschf. 61. Vcntur. t. 42. /. 6, 7. Schaff. t. 72. Bull. t. 240, 576./". 2. — Klotsch. Bor. t. 391. 6. P. leptopus Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad, fus- cous-yellowish, always excentric or lateral, at length depressed but gibbous in the middle, fleshy, thin, dry, covered with dense down, soon torn up into dense villous scales, which are fuscous or yellowish ; flesh yellow. Stem very short, scarcely reaching 2.5 cent. (1 in.), somewhat incurved, attenuated downwards, yellow within. Gills simple behind, decurrent but not anastomosing, tense and straight, crowded, very narrow, yellowish, then darker, but not spotted when touched. Changeable in stature and form. A remarkable species, with the habit of P. involutus, from which it is readily distinguished by having the gills simple (not anastomosing) at the base. On the ground about stumps, &c. Forres. Glen Tilt. Ken- more. Aug. Name— Acttto?, thin ; wous, a foot. Thin-stemmed. Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 403. Icon. t. 164./. 3. B. & Br. n. 1666*. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 511. A. filamen- tosus Fr. Monogr. ii. 118, 311. B. & Br. n. 1276. 7. P. atrotomentosus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) and more PAXILLUS. 69 broad, ferruginous, compactly fleshy, excentric, plano-infundibuli- Paxillus. form and sometimes wholly lateral and ascending, dry, rivuloso- granular on the surface, sometimes also slightly tomentose, the thin margin involute ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. {%-i in.) thick, solid, elastic, somewhat equal, not tuberous, curved-ascending, rooting, covered over with de?ise, soft velvety down, which is umber-blackish or inclining to violaceous. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, branched at the base, somewhat anastomosing, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, yellowish, easily separating from the sulcate hymenophore. Commonly solitary. Robust, firm, often very large. The pileus is variable in form. The gills do not form pores like those of P. involutus. Sometimes lateral, but marginate behind. On pine-stumps. Rare. Aug.-Nov. Spores somewhat clay-colour, paler than those of P. involutus. Fr. ; ellip- soid-sphseroid, subhyaline, 4-6 x 3-4 mk. K. Name— ater, black ; tomentum, down. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 119. Hym. Eur. p. 403. Berk. Out. p. 195. C. Hbk. n. 548. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 512. Ag. Batsch f. 32. Paul. t. 33./. 2, 3. Nees.f. 175. 8. P. panuoides Fr. Wholly dingy yellow. — Pileus about 4 cent. (ij4 in.) long, fleshy, sessile or extended behind and at the first resupinate, soon conchate dimidiate and obovate, at length broadly expanded undulato-lobed and often imbricated, surface pubescent then becoming smooth, somewhat rivulose ; flesh equal but thin. Gills decurrent to the base, anastomosing behind, bra?ichea, crowded, crisped, yellow. Very variable in size and changeable in form. On sawdust, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Spores ellipsoid-sphasroid, 4-6x3-4 mk. K. ; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — Partus; elSos, appearance. Panus-like. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 120. Hym. Eur. p. 404. Berk. Out. p. 196. t. 12./. 6. C. Hbk. n. 549. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 513. Merulius Sow. t. 403. 9. P. fagi B. & Br. — Crisped, pallid upwards, orange beneath. Gills crisped, orange. Remarkably gregarious. Forming a wide crisped mass of great beauty, very different in appearance from P. panuoides, which is confined to fir or sawdust. On a beech-stump. Coed Coch. Na.me—fagus, beech. B. 6= Br. n. 1961. 7° AGARICINI. Hygro- phorus. XL VIII. Hygrophoruspratensis. One-third natural size. Genus VIII. — Hygrophorus (vypds, moist; ?, a head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 101. Hygro- Veil none. Whole fungus thin, watery succulent, fragile. Pileus viscid phorus. when moist, when dry shining, rarely fioccoso-scaly. Stem hollow, soft, not punctate. Gills soft. Most of the species brightly coloured and shining. This group presents the type of the genus, and clearly differs from the Agarici; from the rest of the Hygrophori it might easily be separated as a genus by itself. * Gills decurrent. ** Gills adnexed, somewhat separating. I. — LlMACIUM. * White or yellowish white. 1. H. chrysodon Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, white, shining when dry, but commonly yellowish with minute adpressed squamules at the disc, light yt\\o\w-flocculose at the involute mar- gin, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, viscid ; flesh white, some- times reddish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 12 mm. (l/z in.) thick, stuffed, soft, somewhat equal (sometimes, however, irregularly shaped or thickened at the base), white, with minute light yellow squamules, which are more crowded and arranged in the form of a ring towards the apex. Gills decurrent, distant, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, thin, white, somewhat yellowish at the edge, sometimes crisped. Odour not unpleasant. There is a manifest veil, not woven into a continu- ous ring, but collected i?i the form of foccose squamules at the apex of the stem and the viargin of the pileus. Var. leucodo?i with white squamules. In woods. Rare. Name— xpvo-os, gold ; 65ov?, a tooth. From the yellow tooth-like squamules. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 123. Hym. Eur. p. 405. Berk. Out. p. 197. C. Hbk. n. 550. Ag. Batsch f. 212. Gonn. & Rab. viii.-ix. t. 10. f. 1. Var. with shin- ing white pubescence B. 6° Br. n. 1356*. 2. H. eburneus Fr. Wholly shining white. — Pileus fleshy, sometimes thin, sometimes somewhat compact, convexo-plane, somewhat repand, even, very glutinous in rainy weather, margin soon naked. Stem sometimes short, sometimes elongated, stuffed then hollow, unequal, glutinous like the pileus, rough at the apex with dots i?i the form of squamules. Gills decurrent, distant, veined at the base, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, tense and straight, quite entire. Odour mild, not unpleasant. Very changeable. The veil is absent, unless the very plentiful gluten which envelops the stem be regarded as a universal veil ; margin of the young pileus involute, only at the first pubescent, soon naked. The stem is soft internally, at length hollow, attenuated towards the base. In. woods and pastures. Frequent. Sept. -Oct. 72 AGARICINI. Hygro- Edible. Spores subsphasroid, irregular, 5-6 mk. K. ; 4x5 mk. W.G.S.; phorus. subellipsoid, 6x4 mk. C.B.P. Name — ebur, ivory. Ivory-white. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 123. Hym. Eur. p. 406. Berk. Out. p. 197. t. 15. f. 4. C. Hbk. n. 551. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 514. Gonn. & Rab. t. 11. f. 5. Ag. Bull. t. 551. f. 2. Viv. t. 17. Schceff. t. 39. Krombh. t. 61. /. 11-14. Buxb. iv. ^. 30./". 2. 3. H. cossus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent. {1% in.) broad, yellowish- white, disc somewhat ochraceous, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, glutinous, shining when dry, margin naked; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, varying elongated, 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) thick, varying thin, stuffed, soft, somewhat equal, furfuraceous and rough with dotted points upwards, white or becoming tinged with yellow. Gills adnate, decurrent, distant, connected by veins, firm, white. Veil none. It differs from H. eburneus in the pileus bei?ig yellowish, in the margin being at the first naked, and especially in its unpleasant odour of goat- moth. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name — from its odour of goat-moth {Phalcena cossi). Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 124. Hym. Eur. p. 406. Berk. Out. p. 197. C. Hbk. ?i, 552. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 516. Ag. Sow. t. 121. 4. H. penarius Fr.— Pileus tan-colour, opaque, fleshy especially when young, at first umbonate, then very obtuse, hemispherical then flattened, even, smooth, com?no?ily dry, margin at first in- volute, exceeding the gills, undulated when flattened; flesh thick, hard, whitish, unchangeable. Stem curt, 4 cent. (i}4 in.) or more long, about 12 mm. {% in.) thick at the apex, solid, compact, hard, attenuated at the base i?ito a fusiform root, ventricose to the neck, again attenuated upwards or wholly fusiform-attenuated, pale- white, smeared with tenacious easily dried slime, scabrous; flesh firm, but exter?ially more rigid, cuticle somewhat fragile. Veil not conspicuous. Gills adnato-decurrent, acute behind, distant, thick, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, veined, tan inclining to pale. Odour pleasant, taste sweet. The fusiform root is as long as the stem. In mixed woods. Stoke Poges. Edible. Name — penus, food. For food. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 124. Hym. Eur. p. 406. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 48. B. & Br. n. 1778. Ag. Schceff. t. 238. Sow. t. 71. 5. H. pulverulentus B. & Br. — Pileus about 8 mm. (^ in.) broad, shining white, pulvinate, viscous, the involute margin tomentose. Stem 18 mm. (^ in.) 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, nearly equal, attenuated at the very base, wholly powdered HYGROPHORUS. 73 with rose-coloured meal. Gills decurrent, thick, obtuse at the Hygro- edge, whitish. phorus- Allied to H. eburneus, but the rose-coloured meal with which the stem is covered separates it from all other species. Among pine-leaves. Glamis, 1876. Nov. A small but very beautiful species. Kame—pulvis, dust ; pulverulent. B. & Br. n. 1667. S. My col. Scot. n. 515. ** Reddish. 6. H. erubescens Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) and more broad, white becoming everywhere red, fleshy, gibbous then convexo-plane, viscid, adpressedly dotted with squamules or be. covmig smooth, sometimes wholly compact, sometimes thin towards the margi?i which is at the first naked; flesh firm, white. Stem sometimes short, robust, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick and attenuated upwards, sometimes elon- gated, 10 cent. (4 in.) long, equal or attenuated at the base, solid, flexuous, with red fibrils, dotted with red upwards. Gills decurrent, distant, soft, white, with red spots. Veil none. The ground colour is white, as it is also internally, but it every- where becomes red and the pileus often rosy-blood-colour. Handsome, grow- ing in troops, commonly forming large lax circles. In pine woods. Hereford. Spores ellipsoid, very obtuse at both ends, 8-10x4-5 mk. K. Name — erubesco, to become red. Fr. Mo?iogr. ii. p. 125. Hym. Eur. p. 407. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 65. Quel. t. 11. f. 1. Grevillea, vol. vi. p. 71. Ag. Kalchbr. Ic. t. 18./. 2. 7. H. glutinifer Fr. — Pileus ritfescent, whitish round the margin, fleshy, convexo-expanded, thin with exception of the disc which is at length broadly gibbous, with a glutinous pel- licle, disc wrinkled-dotted. Stem stuffed, somewhat elastic, ve?i- tricose downwards, with a viscous veil, of the same colour as the pileus, white-squamulose at the apex. Gills arcuato-decur- rent, rather thick, shining white. Gregarious, mild, variable in stature. In woods. Penzance. Fries considers it different from A. aromaticus Sow. t. 144. Berkeley (B. & Br. n. 2019) thinks it is probably the same. Name — glute?i, fero, to carry. Gluten-bearing. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 407. Epicr. p. 322. B. & Br. n. 2019. Ag. Bull. t. 258, 539. f. B. *** Taw?iy or light-yellow. 8. H. arbustivus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, slightly /rt-zevzj^brick-colour, paler round the margin, opaque, fleshy, con- 74 AGARICINI. Hygro- vexo-plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, viscid, streaked with innate phorus. jifrrjis^ but wholly smooth, even. Stem 4 cent. (i>£ in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in0 thick, solid, equal, incurved, with white mealy granules at the apex, smooth at the base, pale white, externally more rigid and polished, internally somewhat spongy, hence elastic. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, distant, thick, white. Odour and taste not unpleasant. It differs from all neighbouring species in the ?nealy free (not innate) white granules at the apex of the ste?n. In structure it is nearest to H. pratensis. In woods. Colleyweston, &c. Dec. Perhaps edible. Name— arbus turn, a plantation. Found under trees. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 126. Hyni. Eur. p. 408. B. & Br. n. 932, 1013. C. Hbk. n. 556. 9. H. discoideus Pers. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 in-) broad, pale yellowish i7iclining to pale, the disc always darker somewhat fer- ruginous, slightly fleshy with exception of the firmer disc, on its first appearance campanulato-convex, margin inflexed, then rather plane and somewhat obtuse, and at length depressed at the disc, even, smooth, very glutinous j flesh of the same colour as the gills. Stem 4-5 cent. (i>£-2 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal or attenuated upwards, very soft (texture fibrous, separable), flocculose, viscid, pale-white, with white dots at the apex. Veil entirely glutinous, rarely terminating somewhat in the form of a ring on the stem. Gills at first adnate, somewhat crowded, then decurrent, distant, moderately thin, soft, pale, yellowish-white. Gregarious, here and there forming rings. In later autumn it occurs with the pileus clay-coloured, disc ferruginous, stem elongated, at length hollow. In grassy places. Laxton Park, Norths. Oct. Stem dotted all over with viscid granules. B. 6? Br. Spores ellipsoid- sphaeroid, 5-6x4-5 mk. K. Name — Sio-ko?, elSo?. Disc-shaped. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 127. Hym. Eur. p. 408. B. & Br. ?i. 1558. Ag. Pers. — Gonn. & Rao. viii.-ix. t. lof. 4. xxxx- Olivaceous-umber. 10. H. limacinus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent. {\y2-7.yz in.) broad, disc umber then fuliginous, paler round the margin, fleshy, con- vex then flattened, obtuse, smooth, viscid ; flesh rather firm, white. Stem 5~7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. {y2 in.) thick, solid, firm, ventricose, viscous, flocculose, fibrilloso-striate, roughened with squamules at the apex. Gills adnate then decurrent, somewhat distant, thin, white inclining to cinereous. Veil entirely viscous, not floccose. Intermediate between H. olivaceo-albus HYGROPHORUS. 75 and H. agathosmus, differing from the former in the stem being squamulose at Hygro- the apex, and from the latter in the manifest veil being cortinate. phorus. In woods among damp leaves. St Leonards. Oct. Name — Umax, a slug ; slimy. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 129. Hym. Eur. p. 409. B. 6s Br. n. 1277. Saund. & Sm. t. 28. Ag. Scop. 11. H. olivaceo-albus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 *n0 broad, olivaceous-fuscous, becoming pale, especially towards the margin, which is at the first naked, fleshy, at first acorn-shaped, then expanded, umbonate, and at length depressed round the umbo, wholly even, smooth, glutinous; flesh thin, white. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, equal or attenuated at the very base, squamulose and spotted with the fuscous veil, which is in the form of an adnate sheath, viscid, but the ground colour is white ; veil terminating near the apex in the form of a ring above which the stem is even, shining white. Gills decurrent, dista7tt, broad, simple, connected by veins at the base, always shining white. Margin somewhat striate when old. Scattered throughout the summer in rainy weather, not enduring cold, and hence very different in its nature from H. hypothejus, which is allied. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores 4x7 mk. W.G.S. Name — from the olivaceous pileus and white gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 128. Hy??i. Eur. p. 410. Berk. Out. p. 198. C. Hbk. n. 558. S. My col. Scot. n. 517. Ag. Brig. t. 5./. 1-3. 12. H. hypothejus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 in-) broad, at first smeared with olivaceous gluteti, cinereous, when the gluten disappears, becoming pale and yellowish, orange or rarely (when rotting) rufescent, fleshy, thin, convex then depressed, obtuse, even, somewhat streaked ; flesh thin, white then becoming light yellow. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, equal, even^ viscous, but rarely spotted with the veil, at length hollow. Partial veil floccose, at the first cortinate and amiular, soon fugacious. Gills decurrent, distant, distinct, at first pallid (even whitish), soon yellow, sometimes flesh-colour. Very protean, changeable in colour and variable in size. Stem not scabrous. There is no trace of the veil when the plant is full grown. Appearing after the first cold autumn nights, and lasting even till snow. In pine woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores subellipsoid, 8-9x4-5 mk. K.; 12x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — vno ; Oelov, sulphur. From the sulphur-colour under the gluten. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 128. Hym. Eur. p. 410. Berk. Out. p. 198. C. Hbk. n. 557. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 518. Ag. Krombh. t. 72. f. 24, 25. Gonn. & Fab. t. 10. f. 5. Sow. t. 8. Alb. & Schw. t. 10. /. 4. Buxb. C. iv. t. 21. 76 AGARICINI. Hygro- 13. H. cerasinus Berk. — Pileus 4-6 cent. (iX~2/^ in>) broad, p orus. paje um£er t|ien grey, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, often more or less wavy, sometimes depressed, viscid, shining when dry, margin minutely tomentose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, solid, white, attenuated below, punctato -squamulose above. Gills decurrent, broad, white, tinged with pink, sometimes forked, very distant. Smell like that of cherry-laurel leaves. Somewhat gregarious. The minute white down at the margin of the pileus is divided into little linear heaps by the pressure of the gills in the early stage of growth. In woods, fir, &c. Rare. Oct. Name — from its smell of cherry-laurel (Primus laurocerasus). Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 12. Out. p. 197. C. Hbk. n. 553. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 519. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 410. •**#* FUscous-cinereous or livid. 14. H. fusco-albus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fuscous then cinereous, fleshy, moderately firm, convexo-plane, even, smooth, viscous, margin wliite-floccose. Stem 5—7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) thick, solid, equal, whe?i dry white-floccose at the apex. Gills decurrent, broad, rather thick, snow-white. Stature and veil those of H. chrysodon, but the veil is somewhat annular, floccose not squamulose. Among moss. Gwrwch, 1881. Remarkable for its distinct floccose veil. M.J.B. Name — from the fuscous pileus and white gills. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 410. B. 6* Br. n. 1962. Ag. yung. Linn. v. t. 6. f. 1. 15. H. agathosmus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent. {i%-2%. in.) broad, livid-grey, unicolorous, dotted with minute, raised, crowded, vis- cous, pellucid, whitish papillce, fleshy, convex then plane, gibbous, viscous, margin at first involute and villous, soon unfolded and naked, at length reflexed and undulated ; flesh soft, watery, whit- ish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) and more thick, solid, firm, at length soft (also hollow), equal or slightly thickened downwards, somewhat Jibrilloso-striate, not viscous, roughened as if mealy upwards with white punctiform squamules, which at length become cinereous. Partial veil not conspicuous. Gills decurrent, distant, soft, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, quite entire, somewhat veined at the base, shining white. A very remarkable species. Odour chiefly when older sweet, of anise. Lasting into late autumn. The pileus when luxuriant is much larger and HYGROPHORUS. 77 flexuous. The stem varies curved, flexuous, &c. The squamules take the place Hygro- of the veil. phorus. In fir woods. Forres. Glamis. Sept.-Nov. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, hyaline, 8x5 mk. K. Name — ayaOSs, good ; 6o>»7, scent. From the agreeable scent. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 129. Hym. Eur. p. 411. -S. Mycol. Scot. n. 520. Gonn. 5f Fab. viii.-ix. /. ij. f. 4. 16. H. mesotephrus B. & Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, white, disc brow?i, convex, somewhat hemispherical, viscid, striate, the extreme margin often remaining quite even ; flesh white, hygrophanoiis. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed with a fibrillose pith, slender, flexuous, attenuated at the base, white, viscid, floccoso-grannlated at the apex. Gills shortly decurrent, moderately broad, ventricose, rather distant, pure white. A very delicate species, allied to H. fusco-albus, but with a very different habit. In age the lower part of the stem is slightly stained, but by no means squamose. In woods. Rare. Bowood. Spores 9 mk. long. B. df Br.; elliptical, pruniform, 10-12 mk. Q. Name — /u.eo-05, middle ; Tempos, ash-coloured. From the dark disc. B. £f Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. xiii. t. 15./. 2. Berk. Out. p. 198. C. Hbk. n. 555. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 411. 17. H. livido-albus Fr. — Pileus livid, unicolorous, fleshy, thin, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid, margin naked. Stem stuffed, slender, equal, rather even. Gills decurrent, distant, distinct, shining white. It differs from H. eburneus not only in the livid colour but also in the slightly viscous pileus as well as stem being even, smooth. It approaches the Camarophylli. In woods. Street. Oct. Name — from the livid pileus and white gills. Fr. Hym. Etir. p. 412. Monogr. ii. p. 131. B. if Br. n. 1357. Ag. Ft. Dan. t. 1907./". 2. II. — Camarophyllus. * Gills deeply and at length obconically decurreiit. 18. H. caprinus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) and more broad, at first blackish-fuliginous, or blackish, at length cinereous- fuliginous, but varying azure-blue, &c, fleshy, at first conico- convex, often with a prominent acorn-shaped umbo, then flattened or depressed, obtuse, somewhat repand, at the first slightly viscid, streaked with fibrils j flesh soft, fragile, thin towards the margin which is at length repand. Stem 7-S~l° cenl- (3~4 in0 lon§"> 4 78 AGARICINI. Hygro- cent, (i % in.) and more thick, solid, equal or attenuated down- phoms. wards, at length soft, often hollow and fragile at the apex, exter- nally in a remarkable degree longitttdinally fibrillose, fuliginous, pubescent and whitish at the base. Veil none. Gills re7narkably decurrent, exceedingly distant, very broad, thick, quite entire, at first white, at length waxy-soft, becoming glaucous. A most distinct species, in habit to be compared only with Ag. elixus. The gills are sometimes altogether eaten away by slugs. In pastures. Bath. Glamis. Oct. Spores ellipsoid-spheroid, 6-8x4-5 ^ K.; ellipsoid, guttate, 10 mk. Q. Name — caper, a goat. From the streaking of the fibrils. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 131. Hym. Eur. p. 412. B. & Br. n. 1278. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 521. Ag. Scop. — Krombh. t. 72. f. 21-23. 19. H. leporinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 in-) broad, yellow- rufescent, varying fuscous, equally fleshy, convex, gibbous, equal, fibrilloso-floccose, opaque. Stem short, stuffed, firm, rigid, atten- uated commonly downwards, more rarely upwards, fibrillose, pallid. Gills decurrent, pale yellowish. Its appearance is wholly that of H. pratensis. In woods and on downs. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Spores pale umber. M.J.B. Name — lepus, a hare. From the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 412. Berk. Out. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 559. 6". Mycol. Scot. n. 522. Ag. Schceff. t. 313.— Bait. t. 9. / B. 20. H. nemoreus Fr. — Pileus somewhat orange, equally fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous and at length depressed, some- what smooth. Stem stuffed, firm, squamulose, fibroso-striate, attenuated at the base. Gills decurrent, thick, distant, somewhat of the same colour. In woods. Stoke Poges. Dec. Spores white. B. & Br. ; ovate-spherical, punctate, 5-6 mk. Q. Name — nemus, a grove. Found in wooded groves. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 413. B.& Br. n. 1668. 21. H. pratensis Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 m>) and more broad, somewhat pale yellowish, compactly fleshy especially at the disc, thin towards the margin, convex then flattened, almost tur- bi?iate from the stem being thickened upwards, even, smooth, moist (but not viscous) in rainy weather, when dry often rimosely incised, here and there split regularly round ; flesh firm, white. Stem 4-5 cent, (i^-2 "*•) l°ng> I2 mm- {% m-) and more thick, stuffed, internally spongy, externally polished-evened and firmer, attenuated downwards, even, smooth, naked. Gills remarkably HYGROPHORUS. 79 decurre?zt, at first arcuate, then extended in the form of an inverted Hygro- co?ie, very distant, thick, firm, brittle, connected by veins at the Phorus- base, very broad in the middle, of the same colour as the pileus. Very protean. Veil none. The flesh of the pileus is formed as it were of the stem dilated upwards. The typical form resembles the Cantherelli. Every- where becoming light yellow-tawny ; but varying with the stem and gills pale- white. In pastures. Common. Aug.-Nov. Edible; very little distinctive flavour. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 6-10 x 4-6 mk. K. ; 5 x 4 mk. IV.G.S. Name — pratum, meadow. Found in meadows. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 132. Hym. Eur. p. 413. Sv. all. Sv. t. 30. Berk. Out. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 560. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 523. Hnssey ii. /. 90. Kg. Pers.—Fl. Dan. t. 1735./. 1. Grev. t. 91. Krombh. t. 43./. 7-10. Bull, t. 587. Forms departing from the type : Bolt. t. 56. Sow. t. 141. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 28./. 1. Brig. t. 22. * H. cinereus Fr.— The thinner pileus and gills cinereous, margin at length striate. Stem white. Otherwise as in H. pratensis. Spores ovoid-spherical, 6 mk. Q. Name — from the cinereous colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 413. Sv. atl. Sv. t. 30 {two upper Jig.) B. & Br. n. 1561. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 523. * H. pallidus B. & Br.— Pileus pallid, infundibuliform, mar- gin undulated, deflexed. Stem dilated upwards, fibrilloso-striate. Gills distant, decurrent, branched, pallid. Coed Coch. Oct. B. & Br. n. 1356*. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 413. 22. H. fcetens Phill.— Pileus about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, dark brown, somewhat fleshy, convex then becoming plane, smooth, at length broken up into squamules. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, attenuated downwards, shining, clothed with transversely arranged fibrous scales, paler than the pileus. Gills decurrent, distant, rather thick, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus or paler, somewhat glaucous-pruinose. Fragile. Very fcetid, nauseous. The odour is very similar to that of Thelephora fastidiosa. Not at all viscid. On the ground. Shrewsbury, 1878, 1884. Nov. Nearly related to H. micans. B. & Br. Name— fattens, stinking. Phill. Grevillea, vol. vii. p. 74. B. & Br. n. 1780. 23. H. virgineus Fr. Wholly white. —Pileus fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist, at length depressed, cracked into patches, floccose when dry. Stem curt, stuffed, firm, attenuated at the base, externally becoming even and naked. Gills decurrent, distant, rather thick. Flesh sometimes equal, sometimes abruptly thin. Commonly confounded 8o AGARICINI. Hygro- with H. niveus, but it is more difficult to distinguish it from white forms of H. phorus. pratensis. It is distinguished chiefly by its smaller stature, by the colour being constantly white, sometimes becoming pale, by the obtuse pileus being scarcely turbinate, at length cracked into patches and fioccose when dry, and by the gills being thinner, &c. In pastures. Common. Aug.-Nov. Taste like Marasmius o?'eades. M.J.B. Edible; delicious when broiled or stewed. Name — virgo, a virgin. From the purity of the colours. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 413. Berk. Out. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 561. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 524. Price f. 41 (ochrey-white). Ag. Wulf. in Jacqu. Miscell. 2. t. 15. f. 1. Sow. t. 32. Grev. t. 166. Gonn. & Rab. t. 10. f. 3. Bull. t. 188. Batt. t. 12./". H. — Batsch f. 200 (a very small form). 24. H. ventricosus B. & Br. White. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, unequal, convex. Stem 6 cent. {2% in.) long", 12 mm. {%, in.) thick in the middle, solid, at length partially hol- low, attenuated at the base and apex. Gills deeply decurrent, narrow, sometimes forked. Often tinged with red from the growth of a little Fusisporium. Among grass. Coed Coch. Name— venter, the belly. From the ventricose stem. B. & Br. n. 1777. 25. H. niveus Fr. Wholly white. — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, somewhat membranaceous, and without a more compact disc, hence truly umbilicate, campanulate then convex, smooth, striate and viscid when moist, not cracked when dry ; flesh thin, everywhere equal, white, hygrophanous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, even, smooth, tense and straight. Gills decurrent, distant, thin, scarcely connected by veins, arcuate, quite entire. Thinner, tougher, and later than H. virgineus, &c. Being hygrophanous the pileus is shining white when dry. Very tender forms occur. In pastures. Common. Sept.-Oct. Name — niveus, snow-white. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 414. Berk. Out. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 562. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 525. Ag. Scop. — S chaff, t. 232. Krovibh. t. 25./. 1-3. 26. H. Wynniae B. & Br. Lemon-yellow, hygrophanous. — Pileus thin, umbilicate, or somewhat infundibuliform, striate. Gills decurrent, narrow, thin. Foetid when decayed, losing much of its lemon colour when it parts with its moisture. Resembling Ag. mollis Bull., but on a smaller scale. On chips, old stumps, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Name — after Mrs Lloyd Wynne. B. & Br. n. 1781, 1962*. Sm. Gard. Chron. Oct. 1878, p. 476. fig. Clitocybe xanthophylla, Bresadola Fu?iq. Trid. fig- HYGROPHORUS. 8 1 27. H. russo-coriaceus B. & Br.— Pileus about 12 mm. (y2 in.) Hygro- broad, ivory-white, fleshy, convex, slightly viscid. Stem 18 mm- Phorus- 2.5 cent. (%-i in.) long, not 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, slender, solid, thickened upwards, smooth, pure white. Gills decurrent, arched, broad, thick, very few and distant, with a few shorter ones inter- mixed. Known at once by its persistent delightful odour, like that of Russian leather or Potentilla atro-sanguinea. In pastures. Rare. Oct. Spores 11x6 mk. W.G.S. Name— from its odour of Russian leather. B. & Br. 11. 332. Berk. Out. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 563. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 526. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 414. Saufid. & Sm. t. 28. /. 2. 28. H. micaceus B. & Br.— Pileus 12-8 mm. (}£-}{ in.) broad, hemispherical, at first light yellow then becoming cinereous, wrinkled, micaceous. Stem 18 mm. (){ in.) long, 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, solid, granulated, light yellow then brown downwards. Gills decurrent, pallid umber. Mycelium white. The whole plant turns dark brown when dry. When young it looks like a small specimen of Leotia lubrica. On clayey soil. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name — mica, grain, granule. From the micaceous pileus. B. 6* Br. n. 1779. ** Gills ventricose, sinuato-arcuate or plano-adnate. 29. H. fornicatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) high and broad, white or pallid livid, fleshy, but thin, campci7iiriate lhe?i expanded, obsoletely umbonate, somewhat repand, viscid, even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid ox hollow at the very apex, compact, firm, tough, equal, somewhat undu- lated, smooth, shining white. Gills sometimes almost free, some- times slightly adnexed with a small decurrent tooth {sinuato- adnexed), thick, ventricose, distant, distinct, exceeding the margin, white. The structure of the stem and pileus is that of H. pratensis, but it is wholly white, and the attachment of the gills is plainly different. It has occurred with the stem fuscous-squamulose at the base. In pastures. Holme Lacy, Herefordshire. Batheaston. Oct. Name— -fornix, a vault. Arched. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 414. B. & Br. n. 1420. Krombh. t. 25. f. 4, 5. 30. H. distans Berk.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white, with a silky lustre, here and there stained with brown, somewhat fleshy, plane or depressed, viscid. Stem white above, cinereous VOL. II. F 82 AGARICINI. Hygro- below, and attenuated, not spotted. Gills decurrent, few, very phorus. distant, somewhat ventricose, pure white then tinged with cine- reous, interstices obscurely rugose. Often umbilicate. Remarkable for the few and distant gills. In woods. Rare. King's Cliffe. Name — from the distant gills. Berk. Out. p. 200. /. 13.7^ 1. C. Hbk. n. 564. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 415. 31. H. Clarkii B. & Br. — Pileus livid-cinereous, convex, some- what umbonate, viscous, margin even. Stem hollow, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate, broad, when larger nearly 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, distant, thick, white. Fragile. In pastures. Street. Perth Fungus Show. Sept.-Oct. Name— after J. A. Clark. B. 6" Br. n. 1358. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 527. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 415. 32. H. metapodius Fr.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad, c'mereous-fuscous, compactly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at first even and slightly shining, then silky and squamulose, irregu- lar; flesh 12 mm. (y2 in.) thick, pallid-grey, reddish when broken and at length becoming black. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (l/2 in.) and more thick, stuffed, attenuated downwards, unequal, ascending, smooth, cinereous, reddish iiitemally. Gills variously adnate (for the most part arcuato-decurrent behind, or broadly emarginate), distant, thick, veined, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, grey-white. Odour of new meal, taste mild. In respect of its flesh being compact, red- dish when broken and at length becoming black, and its thick juicy gills, it is very analogous with Russula nigrica?is. There is a var. paradoxa appearing among taller mosses; stem elongated to 10 cent. (4 in.), wholly fusiform, pileus smaller, regular and villous, gills obconico-decurrent as in H. pratensis. In old pastures. Street, 1871. Glamis, 1876. Aug.-Nov. Name — from the stem (jtov?) being as it were upside down (fieri). Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 415. B. & Br. ?i. 1359. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 528. 33. H. ovinus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fuscous, slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded, somewhat umbonate, at first slightly viscid and even, then dry and squamulose, at length revolute, undulated, rimosely incised; flesh only 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, rigid-fragile. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, somewhat stuffed, somewhat equal or slightly thickened at both ends, curved or twisted, compressed, smooth, slightly shin- HYGROPHORUS. 83 ing, pallid. Gills arcuato-adnate, decurrent with a tooth, distant, Hygro- thick, as much as 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, connected by veins and Phorus- occasionally divided, grey then rufescent, the thin edge quite entire. Very much allied to H. metapodius, odour almost the same. The flesh is the same except in being thinner and rigid-fragile. In a larger var. the pileus becomes black and the stem fuscous-black. In pastures. Uncommon. Sept. Name — ovis, a sheep. Woolly, squamulose. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 415. Berk. Out. p. 200. C. Hbk. n. 565. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 529. Hussey ii. t. 50. Ag. Bull. t. 580. 34. H. subradiatus Fr. — Pileus varying in colour, white, livid, disc fuscous, &c., somewhat membranaceous, slightly fleshy at the disc from the apex of the stem being dilated, otherwise quite membranaceous, but moderately tough and somewhat irregularly shaped, convex then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, hygrophan- ous when moist, 7'adiato-striate from the translucent gills. Stem 5 'cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, attenu- ated at the base, twisted, ascending, smooth, pale, white at the base. Gills plane but deeply decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, somewhat thin, distant, connected by veins, white. Allied to the thinner forms of H. pratensis, but differing very widely in the attachment of the gills. In old pastures. Glamis, 1874. Sept. Name — sub, and radiatus, rayed. From the character of the striae. Fr. Mo?iogr. ii. p. 136. Hym. Eur. p. 416. B. 6s Br. n. 1670. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 530. Ag. Schum. * H. lacmus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, lilac then becoming pale, fragile, slightly fleshy at the disc, otherwise membranaceous, piano-depressed, occasionally at the same time umbonate, unequal at the circumference, radiato- striate when moist, when dry even, shining, commonly smooth, but occasion- ally fibrillose or squamulose on the disc. Stem elongated to 5 cent. (2 in.) and more, stuffed then hollow, often twisted, smooth, somewhat shining, narrowed at the base and apex. Gills plano-decurrent, thin, 2 mm. (1 lin.) broad, connected by veins, somewhat distant, cinereous. In the same habitats as H. subradiatus. In pastures and heathy places. Coed Coch. Loch Maree, &c. Sept. -Oct. Name — lac, varnish. Shining. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 136. Hym. Eur. p. 416. B. & Br. n. 1780. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 530. Fl. Dan. t. 1731./. 1. 35. H. irrigatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, livid, 84 AGARICINI. Hygro- becoming dingy white as the gluten separates, slightly fleshy, p orus. fragile, campanulate, expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, viscous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, flexuous, tough, equal, smooth, very viscous, livid. Gills adnate, with a decnrre7it tooth, somewhat distant, distinct, fragile, rather thick, scarcely connected by veins, either wholly white or grey. Very variable, sometimes much larger. The gills are less juicy than those of H. wiguinosus, with which it must not be confounded. In grassy places and fir woods. Laxton, Norths. Glamis. Oct.-Nov. Name — irrigo, to wet. From its watery texture. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 137 (irriguus). Hym. Eur. p. 416. Icon. t. 168. /. 3. B. & Br. ?i. 1280. S. My col. Scot. n. 531. Ag. Pers. 36. H. Houghtoni B. & Br.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (i}4-2 in.) broad, bright coloured, convex, at length depressed in the centre, striate, very viscous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6 mm. (X in-) thick, transversely undulated, very viscous, tawny-light yellow. Gills decurrent, thin, pale yellowish. Odour foxy. The stem is sometimes tinged above with blue. The gelatin- ous coat is extremely thick, and at length separates and forms a cup in the centre. Among grass. Preston, Salop, 1872. Oct. Name — after Rev. William Houghton. B. &■ Br. n. 1360. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 416. 1 1 1. — Hygrocybe. * Gilts decurrent. 37. H. Colemannianus Blox.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 m0 broad, reddish iwiber, paler when dry except in the centre, somewhat fleshy, at first somewhat campanulate, at length ex- panded, strongly umbonate, when moist striate and slightly viscid. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) or more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, brittle, fibrous, nearly equal, somewhat silky, white, very slightly tinged with umber. Gills deeply decurrent, rather broad, distant, interstices veined and rugose, umber but paler than the pileus. In grassy places. Twycross, Warwickshire. Spores 6x8 mk. B. & Br. Name — from W. H. Coleman. Blox . — Berk. Out. p. 200. B. £r= Br. n. 701. C. Hbk. n. 566. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 417. 38. H. sciophanus Fr.— Pileus 1-4 cent. (y2-il/2 in.) broad, very hygrophanous with a peculiar deep tawny or rather vivid HYGROPHORUS. 85 brick but opaque colour, becoming pale when dry, becoming white Hygro- when older, thin, slightly fleshy at the disc, otherwise membran- Phorus- aceous, hemispherical or obtusely campanulate then expanded, always obtuse, slightly viscid, even at the disc, remotely and pellucidly striate to the middle, regular, torn when older. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (ij4~3 in.) long, hollow, wholly equal, always thin, scarcely more than 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, flexuous, even, smooth, slippery, never tense and straight, tawny yellowish, but paler than the pileus, even becoming white. Gills attenuato-ad7iate, at the first slightly ascending, then plano-decurrent, distant, commonly distinct, of the same colour as the pileus, or sometimes inclining to rose-colour. Very elegant, densely gregarious, fragile. In habit and opaque tawny colour it is like H. pratensis, but is thin, fragile, juicy, with the pileus some- what repand, and the gills thin and plano-decurrent. The stem is never tense and straight as in H. conicus. There is a var. with the pileus date-brown. In mossy places. Perth. Spores very pale clay- coloured. B. 5f Br. Name — o-/ad, shade ; aivio, to appear. From its shaded colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 137. Hym. Eur. p. 417. Icon. t. 167. f. 1. B. &= Br. ft. 1560. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 532. Ag. Ft. Dan. t. 1845./. 2. 39. H. laetus Fr. — Pileus reaching 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, taw?iy, shining, not becoming pale, slightly fleshy, almost mem- branaceous at the margin, convex then flattened, obtuse, slippery, even or slightly pellucid-striate round the margin; flesh thin, of the same colour as the pileus and paler. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, thin, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow or rather fistulose, equal, tough, even, very smooth, slippery, tawny. Gills somewhat decurrent, distant, thin, somewhat connected by veins, for the most part flesh-coloured, but varying whitish, fuliginous, &c. The stem is here and there undulated and darker at the apex, in which it approaches H. psittacinus. It departs from all the others in this group in the toughness, especially of the stem. Appearing in troops. In pastures. Frequent. Spores nearly globose, 8 mk. B. & Br.; ovoid pruniform, 8 mk. Q. Name — Icetus, joyful, pleasing. From the bright colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 138. Hym. Eur. p. 417. Icon. t. i6j.f. 2. B. df Br. n. 702. Berk. Out. p. 200. C. Hbk. n. 567. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 533. Ag. Pers. 40. H. vitellines Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent, {yi-i in.) broad, citron-egg-yeUow, becoming white when dry, very thin, slightly fleshy only at the disc, otherwise almost membranaceous, smooth, viscid, margin plicaio-striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, scarcely 86 AGARICINI. Hygro- 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, even, smooth, pallid light phorus. yellow, becoming white when dry, very fragile, here and there flexuous. Gills deeply decurrent, somewhat distant, egg-yellow. It is certainly different from H. ceraceus, which is somewhat like it, in the colour being wholly bright citron-yellow, whitish when dry, in the margin of the pileus and in the deeply decurrent gills. In pastures. Penzance. Name — vitellus, yolk of egg. Egg-yellow. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 312. Hym. Eur. p. 417. Icon. t. 167./. 3. B. & Br. n. 2020. 41. H. ceraceus Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, waxy-yellow, shining, slightly fleshy, thin, but slightly firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, slightly pellucid-striate, viscid. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, often unequal, flexuous and at length compressed, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus, never darker at the apex. Gills ad?iato-decurrent, broad, almost triangular, dis- tinct, yellow. Fragile ; easily distinguished from others by its waxy (not changeable) colour. Growing in troops. The gills are by no means emarginato-adnexed and ventricose as in the similar, but more watery and sulphur-coloured H. chlorophanus. Like neighbouring species it vanes very much in stature. In woods and pastures. Common. Sept.-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 7x4 mk. K. ; 6 x 4 mk. W.G.S. Name — cera, wax. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 138. Hym. Eur. p. 417. Berk. Out. p. 20T. C. Hbk. n. 568. S. My col. Scot. n. 534. Ag. Wulf, in Jacqu. Coll. ii. /. 15. f. 2. Sow. t. 20. 42. H. coccineus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 in-) and more broad, at first bright scarlet, then soon changing colour and be- coming pale, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane and often un- equal, obtuse, at first viscid and even, smooth, not floccoso-scaly ; flesh of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, then compressed and rather even, not slippery, scarlet upwards, always yellow at the base. Gills wholly adnate, decurrent with a tooth, plane, distant, connected by veins, watery-soft as if fatty, when full grown purplish at the base, light yellow i?i the middle, glaucous at the edge. Flesh of the pileus descending into the gills and forming a trama of the same colour. Fragile. Varying in stature, easily mistaken for some of the following species which are of the same colour. Pileus at length becoming yellow. In pastures. Very common. Aug.-Nov. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 6-8x4-5 mk. K. ; 4x8-7 mk. W.G.S. Name 1 — coccine?is, of scarlet colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 139. Hym. Eur. p. 417. HYGROPHORUS. 87 Berk. Out. p. 201. C. Hbk. n. 569. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 535. Husscy i. t. Hygro- 61. Price/. 57. Ag. Schcsff. t. 302. Bull. t. 570./. 2. partly. Fl. Dan. pnorus. /. 715. Sow. /. 381 (scarlet fig.) Z?tf//. /. 19./ -5. 43. H. miniatus Fr — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, at first vermilion then becomi?ig pale and opaque, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, then umbilicate, at first even and smooth, then squamulose. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, somewhat stuffed, equal, round, even, smooth, shining, vermilion. Gills adnate, not decurrent, plane, distant, distinct, rather thick, yellow or sometimes light yellow-vermilion. Very fragile. The gills are firmer than in H. coccineus. Intermediate between H. coccineus and H. turundus. In open places, pastures, &c. Common. July-Oct. Spores 5x8 mk. IV.G.S. Name — minium, vermilion. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 139. Hym. Eur. p. 418. Berk. Out. p. 201. C. Hbk. n. 570. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 536. Quel. t. jo. f. 5. Ag. Fl. Dan. t. 1009. Harz. t. 4. f. 1. 44. H. turundus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {%-i in.) broad, yellow or taw?iy, variegated with cinereous -fuscous squa?nules, slightly fleshy, fragile, convex then expanded, umbilicate or depressed, often elegantly crenate at the margin. Stem 5—7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, rigid-fragile, stuffed then fistulose, round, equal, eveii and polished, tawny- reddish. Gills at first slightly then deeply decurrent, distant, juicy, distinct, at first white then becoming yellow, the acute edge of the same colour. Very protean. The pileus is commonly dry, soon broken up into fuliginous flocci, but it occurs during rain at the first viscid and even, and in this con- dition it must be carefully distinguished (by the colour of the golden pileus and of the gills) from H. miniatus, to which it is allied though very dissimilar. It varies with the somewhat veined gills of the Cantharelli. On peat soil. Farragon, Perthshire, 1877. Aug. 2000 feet. Name — turunda, lint. Flocculose. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 139. Hym. Eur. p. 418. B. & Br. n. 1670. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 537. Var. mollis B. & Br. Golden.— Pileus 12-18 mm. (}£-${ in.) broad, nearly plane, at length slightly depressed, clad with soft, short, radiating hairs of the same colour. Stem 2.5-3 cent. (i-ilX in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal. Gills decurrent, arcuate, narrow, distant. In moist mossy ground. Rare. July-Sept. B. 6f Br. n. 1279. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 537. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 418. 45. H. mucronellus Fr.— Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, when moist a) scarlet b) yellow, when dried changing colour S8 AGARICINI. Hygro- very much, becoming hoary, slightly fleshy, when smaller acutely p orUi" co?iical, when larger campanulate and obtuse, then expanded, when moist pellucidly striate, when dried somewhat silky, but never squamulose. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, fistulose, thin, somewhat attenuated and white at the base, otherwise yellow, even, smooth, flexuous. Gills ascending, dis- tant, very broad and adnate behind with a very broad base, some- what decurrent, yellow. Fragile. The smallest of species of the same nature. In grass field. King's Lynn. Dec. In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries describes the stem as somewhat silky. Name— mucro, a sharp point. From its acute form. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 140. Hym. Eur. p. 418. Grevillea, vol. iv. p. 118. ** Gills adnexed, soinewhat separati?ig. 46. H. puniceus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, glitter- ing blood-scarlet, in dry weather and when old becoming pale especially at the disc, slightly fleshy for its breadth, at first campanulate, obtuse, commonly repand or lobed, very irregular, even, smooth, viscid ; flesh of the same colour, fragile. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (K_I in.) thick, solid when young, at length hollow, very stout (not compressed), ventricose (attenu- ated at both ends), striate, and for the most part squamulose at the apex, when dry light yellowish or of the same colour as the pileus, always white and often incurved at the base. Gills ascending, ventricose, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, thick, distant, white-light yellow or yellow and often reddish at the base. The largest of the group, and very handsome. It certainly differs from H. coccineus, for which it is commonly mistaken, in stature, in the ad?iexed gills, and in the white base of the striate stem. The attachment of the gills varies, but from the form of the pileus they ascend to the base of the cone and appear free. In pastures. Frequent. July-Nov. Name — puniceus, blood-red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 141. Hym. Eur. p. 419. Sv. at I. Sv. t. jj. Berk. Out. p. 201. B. & Br. n. 1281. C. Hbk. n. 571. S. My col. Scot. n. 538. Ag. Ft. Dan. t. 883. Bolt. t. 67./. 2. 47. H. obrusseus Fr.— Pileus 5-7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, golden-sulphur-yellow, shining, not becoming pale, very thinly fleshy, rigid-fragile, campanulate then expanded, flexuous, some- what lobed and often torn, obtuse, dry, even, smooth. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and less in length, 12 mm. {yi in.) thick or when compressed still broader, but scarcely ventricose, stout, ascending, compressed and commonly unequal, quite smooth, even, sulphur HYGROPHORUS. 89 yellow, becomi?ig lawny at the base. Gills adnexed, ventricose, Hygro- but at length separating, free, very broad (12 mm., yz in.), thick, p oru"' distant, almost white. The stem is hollow and hence flattened, but the walls are slightly firm and somewhat cartilaginous, fragile however and easily splitting into crisped fibres. The gills are much more rigid and firm than in allied species. A. laceratus Bolt. t. 68 which is referred to this species by Secretan is rather a luxuriant form of//, conicus. In woods. Mossburnford. Oct. Name — obrussa, the testing of gold. From the pure golden colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 141. Hym. Eur. p. 419. Berk. Out. p. 202. C. Hbk. n. 572. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 539. Ag. Batt. t. 19./. D. 48. H. conicus Fr. — Pileus commonly light yellow, becoming black, somewhat membranaceous, conical, acute, smooth, often lobed, then expanded and cracked. Stem hollow, cylindrical, tense and straight, fibroso-striate. Gills attenuato-free, ventricose, thin, somewhat crowded, varying white, light yellow, &c. Very easily distinguished from all neighbouring species by its juicy and fragile substance, &c. Viscid when moist, shining when dry. It is smooth even when dry. The primary colour depends upon the weather. It has the singular character of the flesh becoming black when broken, but in some forms (springing in dry weather) it is unchangeable. The following forms may be noted : a) coccinea, scarlet and shining, gills yellow, often reddish at the base : b) lutea, pileus and gills yellow — neither becoming black : c) pileus reddish or tawny, gills yellow : d) sulphurea, pileus bright light yellow-sulphur- colour, sometimes greenish, gills often whitish — both becoming black when broken : e) sqttalida, pileus livid or fuliginous-light yellow : f ) tristis, pileus at the first fuliginous, soon shining black — both of their own accord becoming wholly black. In pastures. Very common. July-Nov. Pileus 2.5-6 cent. {1-2% in.) Stem varying very much in length and thickness. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 10-11 x 6-8 mk. K. ; 11x6 mk. IV. G.S. Name — from its conical shape. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 142. Hym. Eur. p. 419. Berk. Out. p. 202. C. Hbk. n. 573. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 540. Ag. Scop. — Schceff. t. 2. Fl. Bat. t. 310. Bull. t. 50 (524. /. 3. var. tristis). Batsch f. 28. 49. H. calyptrseformis B. & Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) high, 18 mm. (X in.) broad at the base, pink, becoming pallid, thin, acutely conical, lobed below, moist when unexpanded, striate under a lens, minutely innato-Jibrillose. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) or more long, hollow, the walls fibrous within, remarkably smooth, slightly striate, brittle, often splitting longitudinally, white. Gills acutely attenuated behind, very narrow, distinct, rose-coloured at length pallid. The gills are often almost evanescent behind. The stem is pure white, except within the pileus where it has often a roseate tinge. Very distinct from H. conicus. It does not turn black when bruised. QO AGARICINI. Hygro- In pastures. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. phorus. I have found several specimens larger than described by Berkeley, quite as large as full-sized H. conicus which it resembles very much in shape. Spores 3x4 mk. IV.G.S. Name— calyptra, a hood ; forma, form. From its shape. Berk. Out. p. 202. Traits. Woolh. Club, t. 21. f. 4-6. C. Hbk. n. 576. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 541. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 420. 50. H. chlorophanus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, com- monly bright sulphur-yellow, sometimes however scarlet, not changing colour, somewhat membranaceous, very fragile, at first convex, then plane, obtuse, orbicular and lobed, and at length cracked, smooth, viscid, striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, round, rarely compressed, wholly even, smooth, viscid when moist, shining when dry, wholly unicolorous, rich light yellow. Gills emarginato-rtY//^:m/, very ventricose, with a thin decurrent tooth, thin, distant, distinct. Very much allied to H. cotiicus, but never becoming black, and otherwise certainly distinguished by its convex, obtuse, striate pileus, by its even and viscous stem, and by its emargbiato-frce, thin, somewhat distant, whiter gills. Like H. ceraceus in appearance. In grassy and mossy places. Common. Aug.-Oct. Spores pruniform, 8 mk. Q. Name — x^wP°*. greenish -yellow ; of colour generally, pale ; (/>, to appear. From the pale yellow colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 143. Hym. Eur. p. 420. Icon. t. 167./". 4. B. & Br. n. 933. C. Hbk. ?i. 574. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 542. Hoffm. Ic. t. 5. f. 1. 51. H. psittacinus Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, for the most part yellow tinged with gree?i, slightly fleshy, campanu- late then expanded, umbonate, smooth, very glutinous when young, slightly viscid when more fully grown, becoming pale but not changing colour and not torn. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, but often bent, even, toughish, gree?iish, at least at the apex. Gills adnate, but very ventricose, rather thick, broad, somewhat distant, most frequently green. The colour of the pileus and stem is very variable, when full grown for the most part yellowish, but varying brick-colour, reddish, whitish, most frequently with a greenish tinge. In the toughness of the stem it approaches H. Icettis. Easily distinguished by the greenish gluten with which it is smeared, and which persistently tinges the apex of the stem. It varies very much in size. In pastures. Common. Aug.-Oct. In some stages of growth it is exceedingly tough. Spores ellipsoid-sphae- roid, 7-8 x 5-6 mk. K . ; 6x7 mk. IV. G.S. Name — psittacus, the ringed green parrot. From the colours. Fr. Mo?iogr. ii. p. 143. Hym. Eur. p. 420. Berk. Out. p. 202. C. Hbk. n. 575. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 543. Hussey i. t. 41. Ag. Schav/f. t. 301. Sow. t. 82. Grev. t. 74. — Bull. t. 545./. 1. Ventur. t. 42. J". 1-3. Batt. 1. 21. /. E. HVGROPHORUS. 9 1 52. H. unguinosus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, Hygro- smeared with dense fuliginous gluten, slightly fleshy, campanulate Phorus- then convex, obtuse, even, or at length rimosely incised. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, commonly atten- uated at the base and apex, unequal, somewhat compressed, glu- tinous, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate, but very ventricose, distant, thick, broad, connected by veins, shining white, becoming glaucous, soft. Inodorous, very fragile, appearing chiefly in later autumn. The fuligi- nous colour is unchangeable. The tough fuliginous gluten on the pileus distils in drops. It differs sufficiently from H. irrigatus in its larger stature, in its watery substance, in the gluten, and in its ventricose separating gills. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Name — unguinosus, oily. From the gluten. Fr. Mofiogr. ii. p. 144. Hym. Eur. p. 421. Icon. t. 168. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 202. C. Hbk. n. 577. S. My col. Scot. n. 544. 53. H. nitratus Fr. Fuscous-cinereous. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, becoming pale, scarcely fleshy, very fragile, convex, obtuse or depressed in the centre, at the first slightly viscid, soon floccu- lose, then squamulose and rimosely incised, irregularly shaped, somewhat repand. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, but often twisted, and at length somewhat compressed, fragile, externally polished, smooth, whit- ish, woven with thick crisped fibres. Gills broadly emarginate, very broad, as much as 18 mm. (%( in.) broad (obliquely ovate), distant, thick, mucid-soft, connected by veins, whitish then becom- ing glaucous. The above is the larger and rarer form. B. The smaller form is the com- moner. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {%-i in.) broad, viscous when young and moist, even, fuscous, but soon dry and rimoso-squamulose, cinereous. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more long, 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) thick, unequal, commonly compressed and undulated, sometimes yellowish. Gills at first wholly adnate, even with a decurrent tooth, then ventricose and glaucous, but broad and thick, as if smeared. Widely removed from all others by its strong nitrous odour, and by the colour being by no means bright. As regards substance and structure it agrees well with H. coccineus, and affords the best example of the generic character ; the gills are thick, juicy, and the hymenium, which is waxy soft as if composed of fat, is as easily rubbed off from the trama as if it were fat. Very changeable in stature according to locality. In pastures. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — nitrum, nitre. From its nitrous odour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 421. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 545. H. murinaceus Fr. A/ouogr. ii. p. 145. Berk. Out. p. 203. C. Hbk. n. 578. * H. glauco-nitens Fr. — Pileus olivaceous-black or fuliginous, 92 AGARICINI. Hygro- phorus. becoming- pale, streaked with fibrils. Stem equal, shining. Gills becoming glaucous. Stiff. It seems to be a young- state of H. nitratus, scorched by the sun, but it is reckoned distinct by Persoon and others. Odour the same, but weaker. In mixed woods. Pass of Killiecrankie. 1877. Aug. Na.me—glaucus, glaucous ; nitens, shining. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 421. B. dr5 Br. n. 1671. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 546. Ag. Batschf. 192. Lactarius. Genus IX. — Lactarius (lac, milk). Fr. Epicr. p. 333. Hymenophore continuous with the stem. Gills unequal, mem- branaceous-waxy, slightly rigid, milky, acute at the edge. Spores globose, white, rarely yellowish. Fleshy fungi, growing on the ground (with two exceptions}, putres- cent, pileus depressed, gills adnato- decurre7it and often bra7iched. A very distinct genus and easily recognised. Pileus in some species zoned which is peculiar to this genus. Watery milk is never a normal fea- ture of the genus, but where it does occur it is owing to the dampness of the station where the specimens have grown. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 421. The nearest allies to the Lactarii are the Russules, which are at once distinguished by their want of milk. The genus includes some species which are edible and delicious, while others are exceedingly poisonous. The best mark of distinction of species is the nature of the milk. Tribe I. Piperites {piperitis, pepper-wort). Stem central. Gills un- changeable, naked, not changing colour and not pruinose. Milk at the first white, (commonly) acrid. * Tricholomoidei. Pileus viscid when moist, margin at first involute, tomentose. ** Limacim. Pileus viscid when moist, pell iculose, margi?i naked. *** Piperati. Pileus without a pellicle, hence absolutely dry, most fre- quently unpolished. Tribe II. Da petes (daps, food). Stem central. Gills naked ; milk at the first deeply coloured. XL IX. Lactarius subditlcis. One-third natural size. LACTARIUS. 93 Tribe III. RUSSULARES. Stem central. Gills pallid then changing colour, Lactarius afterwards darker, glancing when turned to the light, at length white-pruinose. Milk at the first white, mild or from mild turning acrid. * Pileus at the first viscous. ** Pileus unpolished, squamulose, villous or pruinose. *** Pileus polished, smooth. Tribe IV. Pleuropus. Stem excentric or lateral. Growing on trunks. Tribe I. — Piperites. * Tricholomoidei. Pileus viscid when moist, &^c. 1. L. scrobiculatus Fr. — Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) and more broad, yellow, commonly zo?ieless, fleshy, but not compact, at first convex, umbilicate, at length infundibuliform, obtuse, with agglutinated villous down, very viscid when moist, margin in- volute, bearded, at length when old unfolded and almost naked ; flesh lax, whitish, but commonly becoming yellow when broken. Stem 4-6 cent. {\]4.-2Yz in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more thick, stout, often stuffed when young, but soon remark- ably hollow, equal, light yellow, pitted with broad roundish spots, smooth, somewhat viscid, pubescent at the base. Gills adnato- decurrent, thin, crowded, quaternate, whitish. Milk plentiful, at first white, soon sulphur-yellow when exposed to the air. Very acrid, odour not unpleasant. Pileus sometimes as much as 30 cent. (12 in.) broad. The piletis becomes pale in open places, and is sometimes zoned. In very watery places when broken it occasionally becomes azure-blue-purple, milk white, soon serous. On the ground. Bristol. Spores subsphaeroid, echinulate, 11-12x8-10 mk. K. ; subglobose, 6-8 mk. C.B.P. Name — scrobis, a trench. From the pitted stem. Fr. Mo?iogr. ii. p. 152. Hym. Eur. p. 422. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 42. Ag. Sch&ff. t. 227. Krombh. t. 58. f. 1-6. B. milk watery white becoming violet. Barla t. 18. /• 3-6- 2. L. torminosus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, ■pallid flesh-colour, laxly fleshly, somewhat fragile, obtuse, de- pressed, becoming even, viscid when moist, somewhat zoned, with a white-fibrillose beard at the margin and towards the margin which is at first involute ; flesh pallid. Stem 6-9 cent. (2X~3/^ in.) long, 18 mm-2.5 cent. (3^-1 in.) thick, stuffed soon hollow, equal or attenuated downwards, delicately adpressedly tomentose or becoming smooth, even or obsoletely pitted, dry. Gills adnato-decurrent, 2-3 mm. (i-i}4 lin.) broad, very thin and crowded, unequal but rarely connected by branches, paler than the pileus. Milk white, unchangeable, acrid. Inodorous. It frequently varies pale-ochraceous. It also occurs with the 94 AGARICINI. Lactarius. pileus wholly white and tomentose Sow. t. 103. In another form the pileus is smooth, zoneless, white. In a variety the pileus is at length excentric, whitish, cracked in a tesselated manner, margin spreading, naked. In mixed woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores subsphosroid, echinulate, 6-8 mk. K. ; 9 x 6 mk. IV.G.S. Name — tormina, gripes. Causing gripes. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 153. Hym. Eur. p. 422. Sv. atl. Sv. t. 28. Bc?-k. Out. p. 203. C. Hbk. n. 582. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 547. Ag. Schceff. t. 12. Fl. Dan. t. 1068. Sv. Bot. t. 184. Bull, t. 529./. 2. Krombh. t. 13. f. 15-23. Ventur. t. 30./. 2. Barla t. 18./. 7-10. Harz. t. 11. 3. L. cilicioides Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, flesh- colour i7iclini?ig to fuscous, fleshy, convex then flattened and depressed in the centre, everywhere tomentose, viscous, zoneless, margin involute, fibrilloso-woolly ; flesh not very compact, yellow- ish-white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, firm, stuffed, somewhat hollow only when old, equal, even, pruinato-silky under a lens, pallid, 7iever pitted or spotted. Gills decurrent, crowded, branched, white inclining to yellow. Milk acrid, white or light yellow-white. The stem is dingy, not of a pure colour as in L. torminosus, Sec. Inter- mediate between L. torminosus and L. turpis. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Name — kiXUlov, goat's-hair cloth ; e!So?, appearance. Fr. Monogr. \\.p. 154. Hym. Eur. p. 422. Berk. Out. p. 203. C. Hbk. n. 583. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 548. Ag. Schceff. t. 228. Krombh. t. 58./. 11-13 var. B. & Br. n. 1887. 4. L. turpis Fr. — Pileus large, as much as 30 cent. (12 in.) broad, olivaceous inclining to umber, fleshy, rigid, convex be- coming plane, disc-shaped or umbilicate, at length depressed, innato-villous at the circumference or wholly, covered over with tenacious gluten, zo7ieless, sometimes tawny towards the margin, at le7igth entirely i7icli7U7ig to 7unber; 77iargi7i for a lo7ig ti7ne i7ivolute, at the first villous, olivaceous-light-yellow, then more or less flattened, at length often densely rivuloso-sulcate ; flesh com- pact, white, then slightly rufescent. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) and more thick, solid, hard, equal or atte7iuated dow7iwards, even or pitted and uneven, but not spotted, viscid or dry, pallid or dark olivaceous, ochraceous-whitish at the apex. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, much crowded, forked, white straw-colour, spotted fuscous when broken or bruised. Milk acrid, white, unchangeable. Gregarious, rigidly and compactly fleshy ; habit almost that of Paxillus involutus. It varies with the stem hollow, and the pileus somewhat zoned. In woods, roadsides, &c. Common. Sept.-Nov. LACTARIUS. 95 The pileus varies in size from about 7.5-30 cent. (3-12 in.) Spores Lactarius. sphasroid or subsphaeroid, uniguttate, echinulate, 6-8 mk. K. Name — turpis, base. From its ugly appearance. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 154. Hym. Eur. p. 423. Sv . dtl. Sv. t. 60. Berk. Out. p. 203. C. Hbk. n. 584. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 549. Ag. Weinm. — Ft. Dan. t. 1913. Krombh. t. 69./. 1-6. Harz. t. 60. 5. L. controversus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, fleshy, compact, rigid, at the first convex, broadly umbili- cate, when fuller grown somewhat i?ifu?idibuliforvi, oblique, on emerging from the ground dry, flocculose, whitish, then with rain smooth, viscid, reddish, with blood-coloured spots and zo?ies (especially towards the margin), margin acute when young, closely involute, more or less villous ; flesh very firm. Stem commonly 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long and thick, sometimes however 5 cent. (2 in.) long and then manifestly attenuated towards the base and often excentric, solid, obese, even but pruinate and as if striate at the apex from the obsoletely decurrent tooth of the gills, wholly white, never pitted. Gills decurrent, thin, very crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, with many shorter ones inter- mixed, but rarely branched, pallid - white -flesh - colour. Milk white, unchangeable, plentiful. Odour weak but pleasant, taste very acrid. Allied to L. piperatus. In woods. Uncommon. Ausj.-Oct. '£>• Spores echinulate, 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Name— contra, against; verto, to turn. From its becoming at length infundibuliform. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 155. Hym. Eur. p. 423. . Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 29. B. & Br. n. 1282. C. Hbk. n. 585. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 550. Trans. Woolh. Club, 1868, fig. Ag. Pers. — Vittad. t. 37. Ventur. t. Si.fi. 1-4. Barla t. 18./. 1, 2. Bull. t. 538. Batsch f. 201. Krombh. t. 56./. 5-7 (var.) 6. L. pubescens Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, whitish passing into flesh-colour, fleshy, rather pla?ie, depressed in the centre, then broadly infundibuliform, quite zoneless, even, dry, becoming smooth at the disc, shining, margin involute, fibrillosopubesce?it j flesh thin but firm, pliant, white, or flesh- coloured in the cuticle, unchangeable. Stem short, scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 lin.) thick at the apex, attenuated downwards and sometimes compressed, stuffed, soft internally, even (not pitted), commonly pruinato - pubescent when young, but commonly becoming smooth, flesh-colour the?i white. Gills adnate or slightly decurrent, crowded, quaternate, narrower than the flesh of the pileus, pallid, slightly flesh-coloured. Milk white, unchangeable, not plentiful. Inodorous, taste very acrid. It is like a poor form of L. controversus, but is very distinct. 96 AGARICINI. Lactarius. Among pebbles. Loch Kenord, Aberdeenshire. Name — from the pubescent margin of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 155. Hym. Eur. p. 424. B. & Br. n. 1282. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 551. Grevillea, t. 76./. 2. Ag. Krombh. t. 13./. 1-14- Var. margine-tomentoso B. & Br. — Pileus clothed with fine matted down, margin tomentose. Stem nearly equal, 3 cent. (iX m0 l°ng"> about 10 mm. (5 lin.) thick. Odour pungent. In pastures. Aboyne. Aug. B. &-= Br. n. 1015. C. Hbk. ?i. 586. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 551. Krombh. t. 13. f. t, 2. ** Limacini. Pileus viscid when moist, pelliculose, Q^c. 7. L. insulsus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, yellowish-brick-colour, fleshy, not very compact, deeply umbilicate and at length infundibuliform, rigid, zoned (especially round the margin), smooth, with a somewhat separable viscid pellicle, mar- gin naked ; flesh firm, pallid, somewhat zoned under the pellicle. Stem stuffed when young, but varying hollow when old, most frequently curt and attenuated downwards, 4 cent. {\% in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, rarely lengthened to 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and then equal, thinner, smooth, even or more rarely pitted - spotted. Gills decurrent, very crowded, forked at the base, 2 mm. (1 lin.) or little more broad, whitish, becoming pale. Milk white, unchangeable, acrid. Its stature and size are those of L. deliciosus, but the colours are paler ; the milk when the plant is old is often watery (not coloured) ; otherwise when wounded it does not change colour as L. deliciosus does. In mixed woods. Common. Aug.-Oct. Spores globose, pallid. Fr. Name — insulsus, insipid, tasteless. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 157. Hym. Eur. p. 424. Berk. Out. p. 204. t. 13. f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 587. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 552. Krombh. t. 12. f. 1-6. Hussey, i. '•59- 8. L. zonarius Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pallid ora,7ige or pale yellowish to deeper yellow, fleshy, convex becom- ing plane, then depressed, somewhat umbilicate, margin thin, naked, long i?ivolute, at first even, smooth, with a closely adnate pellicle, viscid, beautifully zoned most frequently towards the margin, at le?igth — and at the first at the circumference — mi?i- utely ruguloso-flocculose ; flesh compact, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, equal, or 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and attenuated down- wards, 1-2.5 cent. (/4-1 in.) thick, firm, solid, elastic, spongy- soft internally, even, smooth, dry, white then yellowish, unspotted, pale upwards. Gills rounded -adnate and adnato- decurrent, LACTARIUS. 97 arcuate, thin, narrow, somewhat crowded, branched, scarcely Lactarius. broader than 2 mm. (1 lin.), whitish, at length becoming dingy yellowish, becoming dingy or even somewhat aeruginous when bruised. Milk white, unchangeable, acrid. Pileus sometimes deeply umbilicate. Like L. insulsus, but well distin- guished from it by its compact substance, &c. It varies in having the stem hollow, the walls of the cavity at first white, then ochraceous-tawny, and also in the pileus being flexuous, smooth, zoneless. In woods. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Spores minutely echinulate, almost globular, 7 mk. W.G.S. Name — zona, a zone. Zoned. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 158. Hym. Eur. p. 425. Berk. Out. p. 204. C. Hbk. n. 588. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 553. Fl. Bat. t. 825 middle fig. Ag. Bull. t. 104. Vaill. Par. t. 12. f. 7. 9. L. blennius Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pallid olivaceous or aruginous-grey, fleshy, piano-depressed, glutinous, often conceittrically guttata or somewhat zoned, the margin, which is at the first bent i?twards, slightly downy when young, soon naked ; flesh rigid, white. Stem 4-5 cent. (iJ^-2 in.) long, 12-18 mm. {%-}( in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, somewhat equal or attenuated downwards, even, viscid, pallid olive or pallid-grey. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded, about 2 mm. (1 lin.) broad, white, becoming cinereous when wounded. Milk white, unchange- able. Firm, acrid. Dry in fine weather. When young it must not be confounded with L. turpis. It varies with the disc of the pileus rufescent : Fl. Dan. t. 1961./. 1. In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores sparingly echinulate, 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — /3Aew6?, mucous matter. Slimy. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 159. Hym. Eur. p. 425. Berk. Out. p. 204. C. Hbk. n. 589. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 554. Krombh. t. 69. f. 7-9. Krapf. t. 4./. 11-13. Sterb. t. 5. E. B. disc rufescent. Fl. Dan. t. 1691. /. 2. 10. L. hysginus Fr. — Pileus 6-10 cent. (2^-4 in.) broad, red- fiesh-colour or reddish brown, fleshy, not thick, umbilicate, be- coming plane, the thin margi?i infiexed, even, viscous, zoneless or somewhat zoned, often shining ; flesh white, somewhat rigid. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 18 mm-2.5 cent. (K'-i in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, often inflated, constricted at the apex, attenuated at the base, smooth, here and there pitted or so77ie- what spotted. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, white then light yellow-ochraceoiis. Milk white, unchangeable. Taste acrid ; rigid-fragile, pileus somewhat repand. The gills are not pruinose as in the Russulares. It varies with the stem curt, firm, even, the VOL. II. G 98 AGARICINI. Lactarius. pileus at length darker in the centre, becoming pale, tan-flesh-colour, round the margin &j In woods. Rare. Aug.-Oct. &• Spores globose, echinulate, 5-6 mk. C.B.P. Name — vaylvov, a vegetable dye, crimson or scarlet. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 160. Hym. Eur. p. 426. Icon. t. 169. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 204. C. Hbk. n. 590. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 555. Ag. Krombh. t. 14. /. 15. 16. 11. L. trivialis Fr. — Pileus 10-17.5 cent. (4-7 in.) broad, at first dark lurid, becoming pale when full grown, pallid yellowish, tan-flesh-colour, zoneless, convex then soon depressed, at length i?ifu?idibuliform, margin at first involute, then flattened, at length the pellicle of the margi?i only inflexed, even, smooth, viscous ; flesh equal, somewhat rigid, white. Stem stout, 2.5-15 cent. (1-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more thick, commonly inflated- hollow, even, smooth, slippery, unspotted, almost paler than the pileus. Gills somewhat decurrent, tense and straight, rather broad, 4-S mm. (2-4 lin.), somewhat thin, crowded, whitish, becoming pale. Milk white, unchangeable. Acrid, large, fleshy, rigid-fragile. The stem is shorter and firmer in drier situations. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Name — trivialis, common. Occurring everywhere in Northern Europe. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 160. Hym. Eur. p. 426. B. & Br. n. 934. C. Hbk. n. 591. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 556. Ag. Krombh. t. 14./". 17, 18. 12. L. circellatus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, rufous i?iclining to fuscous in wet weather, but becoming pale, variegated with darker zones, fleshy, umbilicato-convex then be- coming plane, depressed in the ce?itre, for the most part repand when older, even, smooth, very viscous in wet weather; flesh grumous-compact, white. Stem 4-5 cent. {\l/2-i in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, solid, equal or attenuated downwards and often ascending, even, smooth, pale. Gills horizontal (not arcuate), somewhat decurrent with a tooth, very thin a?id crowded, narrow, often forked, whitish, at length becoming yellow. Milk white, unchangeable. Stature curt and firm ; odour not unpleasant ; taste acrid, stinging. In woods. Rare. Spores spherical, echinulate, 10 mk. Q. Na.me—circellus, a small ring. Ringed. From the zones. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 161. Hy?n. Eur. p. 426. Berk. Out. p. 204. C. Hbk. 11. 592. Ag. Batt. t. 13. D. Sow. t. 203. Ventur. t. 34./. 4, 5. 13. L. uvidus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, hoary- LACTARIUS. 99 whitish, grey-flesh-colour-livid, becoming fuscous, fleshy, somewhat Lactarius. thin, convex, plane, then depressed, margin at first involute, very soon almost straight, even, smooth, viscous, zoneless; flesh rather lax, white then lilac whe?i broke?i. Stem 4-9 cent. (i}4-3J4 in-) long, 12-18 mm. {%-% in.) thick, soon hollow, even or somewhat pitted, smooth, viscous, whitish becoming light yellow, some- times with yellowish-ferruginous spots. Gills adnate and some- what decurrent, somewhat arcuate, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.).and more broad, thin, crowded, very unequal, here and there connected by branches and anastomosing with veins, shining white to dead white, soon spotted with lilac when wounded, at length here and there pallid ochraceous - ferruginous, even tinged with pallid brick-colour. Milk white then lilac. Soft-fragile ; somewhat insipid, at length slowly acrid ; odour weak, some what nauseous-pungent, somewhat aromatic. It varies with the pileus obso- letely zoned, slightly pellucid-striate when old, and with the gills sometimes yellowish. The milk rarely remains white or at length turns dingy tan-colour ; commonly it becomes lilac. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Spores globose, echinulate, 5-6 mk. C.B.P. Name — uvidus, moist. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 162. Hym. Eur. p. 426. Berk. Out. p. 205. C. Hbk. n. 593. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 557. *** Piperati. Pileus without a pellicle, dr^c. 14. L. flexuosus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, lead- grey or violet-grey, becoming pale, zoned or zoneless, fleshy, convex, becoming plane, depressed, somewhat repand, margin at first and for a long time bent inwards, at length spreading, erect, dry, at the first smooth, somewhat shining, then rivuloso- scaly, tmpolished, opaque ; flesh hard, grumoso-compact, white. Stem 5-9 cent. (2-3^ in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more thick upwards, solid, obese or equally attenuated downwards, not rarely excentric, here and there somewhat lacunose, not however pitted, pallid grey, the apex whitish, the base somewhat yellowish. Gills adnate, somewhat horizontal, thick, distant, 2-3 mm. (1- 1% lin.) broad, connected by branches, light yellowish, at length becoming whitish-flesh-colour. Milk white, unchangeable. Remarkable ; hard, firm, very acrid. Under a lens the stem is clothed with very delicate adpressed down. There is a form roseo-zonatus Post, approaching L. flexuosus almost as Gomphidius roseus approaches Gomphidius glutinosus. Fr. Icon. t. \6g.f. 3. In pine woods, &c. Haywood Forest. Rothiemurchus. Glamis. Oct. IOO AGARICINI. Lactanus. Edible according to some, but doubtful from its very acrid taste. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, uniguttate, 6-8 mk. K. Na.me—Jlexus ; a bending. Flexuous. From the margin of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 163. Hym. Eur. p. 427. Grevillea, vol. x. /. 45. 5. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 73. Ag. Schceff. t. 235. Harz. t. 43. 15. L. pyrogalus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, cinereous-grey, at length becoming dingy yellow, firm, fleshy, convex becoming plane, margin very soon spreading, depressed, under a lens delicately grumoso - uneven, smooth, in rainy weather moist but not viscid, somewhat zoned ; (flesh somewhat thin, but grumoso-firm, white). Stem 4 cent. {\% in.) and more long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed them soon hollow, often attenuated downwards, even or here and there delicately grumoso- tubercular under a lens, smooth, pallid-white, somewhat dingy. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, somewhat distant, 2 mm. (1 lin.) and more broad, light yellow-wax-colour, the colour rich, inclining to ochraceous. Milk plentiful, white, unchangeable, very acrid. Pileus dry in fine weather. Allied to L. jlexuosus, but smaller and thinner. There is a var. like L. fuliginosus with the pileus zoneless and tan-colour, not fuliginous, and the gills yellow and distant. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Poisonous. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, echinulate, 6-10 mk. K. ; sparingly echinulate, white or with a suggestion of ochre, almost globular, 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — nvp, fire ; yd\a, milk. From the milk being extremely acrid. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 163. Hym. Eur. p. 427. Be?-k. Out. p. 205. C. Hbk. n. 594. S. My col. Scot. n. 558. Ag. Bull. t. 529. f. 1. Krombh. t. 14./. 1-9. 16. L. squalidus Fr.— Pileus pallid lurid, compact, convexo- plane, umbilicate, dry, smooth, zoneless ; flesh white, sprinkled at the margin with saffron-yellow dots. Stem solid, equal, smooth, pallid brown. Gills adnate, narrow, yellowish. Milk whitish, sweet. Its affinity is not clear. Krombholz compares it with L. fuliginosus, but its stature is that of L. pyrogalus, &c, and the pileus is smooth. In moist places. Scotland, 1875 ! locality not recorded. Name — squalidus, dirty. From the dingy colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 428. B. & Br. n. 1556. S. My col. Scot. n. 559. Ag. Krombh. t. Ap.f. 23-25. 17. L. capsicum Schulz. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, chest- nut, paler at the disc, compact, pulvinate, dry, margin closely involute; flesh yellowish, becoming fuscous on exposure to the air. Stem about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, solid, firm, whitish, striate with tawny or rufescent fibres. Gills adnato-decurrent, some- what crowded, tawny, somewhat orange. Milk white, acrid. LACTARIUS. I O I Very robust. The gills are described as anastomosing. Lactarius. In wood. Dumfries, 1884. Sept. Name — probably from the taste being hot like that of Capsicum. Schulz. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 428. S. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 73. 18. L. chrysorheus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, somewhat flesh-colour, with darker zones or spots, fleshy, firm, umbilicate then infundibuliform ; flesh white, bright sulphur-yel- low when broken. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long-, 1-2.5 cent. (%-\ in.) thick, rigid, stuffed then soon hollow, equal, even, deli- cately pruinate under a lens, dry, white, changing colour only when old. Gills decurrent, very thin and crowded, narrow, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid-yellowish, not truly changing colour and not pruinose. Milk white then bright sulphur-yellow (golden), very acrid. It is easily distinguished from all neighbouring species by the change of colour in the flesh and milk. Pileus when dry sprinkled with thin, whitish lustre, at length darker. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept. -Oct. Margin of pileus wavy, involute, and minutely downy when young ; flesh firm, crisp ; gills slightly forked ; stem downy at the base. M.J.B. Name — xpv'cros, gold ; pew, to flow. From the yellow milk. Fr. Mo?wgr. ii. p. 165. Hym. Eur. p. 428. Berk. Out. p. 206. C. Hbk. n. 597. S. Mycol. Scot, n 560. Ag. Bolt. t. 144. Krombh. t. 12. f. 7-14. 19. L. acris Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, cinereous-fuli- ginous, sometimes darker sometimes paler, fleshy, firm, rigid, irregular, often excentric or emarginate on one side, at first con- vex then plane, at length obliquely infundibuliform, moist rather than viscous, scarcely zoned, here and there spotted ; flesh white. Stem about 4-5 cent. (i}4-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) or a little more thick, stuffed then hollow, attenuated dow?iwards, often oblique, ascending or curved, pallid, at length fragile. Gills somewhat decurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, somewhat divided behind, at first pallid, then yellow-flesh-colour. Milk white, soon reddish, plentiful. Strong-smelling, acrid. Very different from L. fuligi/iosus, which is of the same colour, but approaching L. pyrogalus. In woods. Rare. Aug.-Nov. Spores echinulate, yellow, 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — acer, sharp. From the acrid taste. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 164. Hym. Eur. p. 428. Berk. Out. p. 207. C. Hbk. ?i. 596. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 561. Ag. Bolt. t. 60. Batsch f. 68. Batt. t. 13. E. 20. L. pergamenus Fr. White. — Pileus fleshy, pliant, convex 102 AGARICINI. Lactarius. then piano-depressed, repand, zoneless, slightly wrinkled, smooth. Stem stuffed, smooth, changing colour. Gills adnate, very nar- row, horizontal, very crowded, branched, white then straw-colour. Milk white, acrid. Very much allied to L. piperatus, but differing in the stem being stuffed, at length softer internally, elongated (7.5 cent., 3 in.), unequal, attenuated down- wards and here and there ascending, quite smooth ; in the pileus being thinner, pliant, elastic, most frequently irregular and excentric, for the most part flex- uous, at first convex (not umbilicate), then rather plane, the surface very smooth, but unpolished and wrinkled in a peculiar manner ; and in the gills being adnate, not decurrent, very crowded, very narrow (scarcely 2 mm., 1 lin. broad), always straight and horizontal, not arcuate or extended upwards, soon straw-colour. The flesh is very milky, but the gills are sparingly so. In woods. Haywood Forest, &c. Oct. Spores subglobose, rather irregular, 6-8 mk. C.B.P. Name — pergamenus, pergamena, parchment. From its toughness and parchment-like appearance. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 430. Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 71. Ag. Swartz. — Krombh. t. 57./". 1-3. Batsch f. 59. 21. L. piperatus Fr. — Pileus 10-22.5 cent- (4-9 in.) broad, white, fleshy, rigid, umbilicate when young, reflexed (margin at first involute) at the circumference, when full grown wholly in- fundibuliform, for the most part regular, even, smooth, zoneless ; flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, solid, obese, equal or obconical, even, obsoletely pruinose, white. Gills decurre7it, crowded, narrow, scarcely broader than 2 mm. (1 lin.), obtuse at the edge, dichotomous, arcuate then all extended upwards in a straight line, white, here and therewith yellow spots. Milk white, unchangeable, plentiful and very acrid. Compact, firm, dry, inodorous. The pileus becomes obsoletely yellow when old. Although the gills are spotted with yellow, they do not change to straw- colour like those of L. pergamenus. In mixed wood. Common. Aug.-Oct. When bruised changing to umber. M.J.B. Said to be edible, but very acrid. Spores not echinulate, generally with an apiculus, 5x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — piper, pepper. From the acrid taste. Fr. Moftogr. ii. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 430. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 27. Berk. Out. p. 205. C. Hbk. n. 598. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 563. Ag. Scop. — Fl. Dan. t. 1132. Barla t. 22./". 1-5. Harz. t. 39. Krombh. t. 56./! 1-4. Bull. t. 200. Paul. t. 68./. 3-4. 22. L. vellereus Fr.— Pileus 12.5-17.5 cent. (5-7 in.) broad, white, fleshy, compact, convexo-saucer-shaped, the margin for a long time sloping downwards, imiato-pubescent, dry, zoneless. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ in.) thick, stout, solid, equal, covered over with innate, very thin pubescence. Gills arcitate, adnato-decurrent, rather thick, acute at the edge, some- LACTARIUS. 103 what distant, rather broad (4 mm., 2 lin. and more), co?tnected by Lactarius. branches (but not dichotomous), pallid, watery white. Milk white, scanty, very bitter. Large, hard, rigid. The pileus tends to become pallid reddish-tan. Very much allied to L. piperatus. On being broken it sometimes changes to pallid sulphur-yellow, but after a time becomes white again. Easily confounded with Russula delica. In woods. Common. Sept.-Dec. Spores hardly echinulate, 4 x 8 mk. W.G.S. Name — vellus, fleece. From the pubescence. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 167. Hym. Eur. p. 430. Berk. Out. p. 206. C. Hbk. n. 599. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 565. Hussey i. /. 63. Ag. Klotsch Ft. Bor. t. 469. Bar/a t. 22./*. 6-8. Krombh. t. $7-f- I°-I3- Sow. t. 104. 23. L. exsuccus Smith. — Pileus clothed with adpressed down, fleshy, depressed, with an involute margin. Stem very short, white, clothed with adpressed down. Gills decurrent, con- nected by veins, and forked, white, shaded with verdigris. Whole plant rigid and brittle, milkless. In woods. Uncommon. Considered by some to be a var. of L. vellereus. It must be regarded as a distinct species, but I retain it among Lactarii only in deference to the opinion of others. Spores covered with spines, almost globular, 9 mk. W.G.S. Name — ex, succus, juice; juiceless. Sm.Journ. Bot. 1873,^.336. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 566. L. vellereus var. exsuccus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 430. Berk. Out. p. 206. C. Hbk. u. 599. Ag. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 31. 24. L. scoticus B. & Br. — Pileus depressed-tomentose then smooth, the involute margin totnentose ; flesh firm. Stem somewhat unequal, smooth, somewhat flesh-colour. Gills thin, scarcely branched. Milk persistently white, acrid. Odour pungent. Among moss. Aboyne. 1862. Name — Scottish. B. & Br. n. 1783. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i, 564. Tribe II. — Dapetes. Milk at first deeply coloured, &*c. 25. L. deliciosus Fr. — Pileus 5-15 cent. (2-6 in.) broad, orange- brick-colour, becoming pale, fleshy, when quite young depressed i?i the centre, margin naked, involute, then piano-depressed or broadly infundibuliform with the margin unfolded, smooth, slightly viscid, zoned (zones sometimes obsolete) ; flesh soft, not compact, pallid, coloured at the circumference only by the juice. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more long, about 2.5 104 AGARICINI. Lactarius. cent, (i in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, at length fragile, equal or attenuated at the base, spotted in a pitted manner, of the same colour as the pileus or paler. Gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, narrow, arcuate, often branched, typically saffron- yellow, but becoming pale and always beconrbig green when wounded. Milk aromatic, from the first red brick- s 4~8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal, even, pubescent, light yellowish, becoming tawny when bruised, sometimes somewhat silvery-whitish, especially at the apex. Gills arcuate becoming 108 AGARICINI. Lactarius. rather plane, adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm. (}4-i lin.) broad, thin, often connected by branches, crowded, straw-colour, becoming in the end tawny-flesh-colour or somewhat ochraceous. Milk white, somewhat mild, at length acrid. Strong-smelling, with a sweet-spirituous pungent odour, which distinguishes it from all others ; rigid, fragile, variable in stature, resembling L. vietus, but sufficiently distinguished from it by the pile us being absolutely dry, and by the gills bei?ig very crowded, straw - colour - ochraceous, and not spotted when wounded. The milk is sometimes unchangeable, sometimes becoming bright straw-colour-green when dried on the broken flesh, but it does not change colour on the gills. Var. stem elongated, hollow ; pileus at first silky, even ; also umbilicate, repand, zoned. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Spores sphaeroid, echinulate, 6-8 mk. K. Name — y\vd more thick, solid, even, smooth, white. Gills decurrent, thin, distant, very unequal, white, exuding small watery drops in wet weather. The stature and unchangeable colours are wholly those of L. vellereus and L. piperatus, but it is readily distinguished by the gills being juiceless, though they exude watery drops when young. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — delicus, weaned ; without juice or milk in the gills, as distinguished from L. vellereus, Sec. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 185. Hym. Eur. p. 440. Berk. Out. p. 210. C. Hbk. 11. 615. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 585. Vent. t. 48. /. 3, 4. Batt. t. 17. A. Paul. t. 73./. 1. 5. R. elephantina Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, fuscous- tan, paler round the margin, but not changeable, equally fleshy, firm, at first convexo-umbilicate ; margin bent inwards, smooth, undulated, and almost exceeding the gills, but never striate, covered with a pellicle which is not separable ; flesh equal, Il6 AGARICINI. Russula. compact, but comparatively thin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, solid, obese, very hard, even, smooth, externally and internally shining white. Gills obtuse or some- what siuuato-adnate, arcuate, somewhat crowded, thin, divided behind, unequal in front, white, spotted pale yellowish when touched. Habit that of R. fattens, but inodorous. In woods. Stoke Poges. Sept. Name — elephanttnus, of ivory. From the white ivory-like stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 186. Hym. Eur. p. 440. B. 6° Br. n. 1785 — not Bolt. II. — FURCATvE. 6. R. furcata Fr. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, some- times asruginous-greenish, sometimes umber-greenish, fleshy, compact, gibbous then piano-depressed or infundibuliform, even, smooth, but often spri?ikled with slightly silky lustre, pellicle here and there separable, margin thin, at first inflexed, then spreading, always even; flesh firm, somewhat cheesy, white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, solid, firm, equal or attenuated downwards, even, white. Gills adnato - decurrent, rather thick, somewhat distant but broad, attenuated at both ends, frequently forked, shining white. Taste bitterish. The structure is that of R. sanguined or rubra, not of R. viresce?is, with which it agrees in colour, but from which it differs in the form of the pileus, in the acute and at first inflexed margin, in the pellicle being separable and not dividing into warts, and in the entire type of the gills. In woods. Common. Sept. Poisonous. Spores globose, echinulate, 6-7 mk. C.B.P. Name— / 'urea, a fork. W\th forked gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 187. Hym. Eur. p. 441. Berk. Out. p. 210. C. Hbk. n. 616. S. My col. Scot. n. 586. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 62. f. 1, 2, /. 69. /. 18-22. Bull. t. 26. Sch&ff. t. 94. f 1. Barla t. 16. f. 1-9. Harz. t. 54, t. 63./. 5. Paul. t. 74. f 1. Buxb. C. v. t. 47. /. 2. 7. R. sanguinea Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, blood- red or becoming pale round the even, spreading, acute margin, fleshy, firm, at first convex, obtuse, then depressed and infundi- buliform and commonly gibbous in the centre, polished, even, moist in damp weather; flesh firm, cheesy, white. Stem stout, spongy - stuffed, at first contracted at the apex, then equal, slightly striate, white or reddish. Gills at first adnate, then truly decurrent, very crowded, very narrow, connected by veins, fragile, somewhat forked, shining white. Taste acrid, peppery. Often confounded with R, rubra, which is of the RUSSULA. 117 same colour, but entirely different from it in the firm solid flesh, in the gills Russula. being adnate, then deeply decurrent, and acuminate in front. In woods, chiefly fir. Uncommon. Aug. -Sept. Poisonous. Name-w^/w, blood. Blood-coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 188. Hym. Eur. p. 442. Berk. Out. p. 210. C. Hbk. n. 617. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 587. Ag. Bull. t. 42. 8. R. rosacea Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, somewhat flesh-coloured varying in intensity, becoming whitish when the pellicle disappears, often variegated with darker spots when dry, compactly fleshy, at first convex, then expanded, obtuse, com- monly imequal, repand, even incised, covered with a pellicle which is viscid and separable in wet weather, margin acute, even; flesh firm, cheesy, white. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, solid, firm, at length spongy internally, even, smooth, occasionally ven- tricose, white or reddish. Gills in every stage of growth adnate, thin, crowded, fragile, forked behind, with dimidiate ones inter- mixed, always persistently white. Taste slowly acrid. Allied to R. sanguinea but irregular, often excentric with the pileus somewhat repand, scarcely depressed, and the gills less crowded, broader, less divided, scarcely connected. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores papillose, almost globose, 7 mk. IV.G.S. Name — rosa, a rose. Rose-coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 188. Hym. Eur. p. 442. Berk. Out. p. 210. C. Hbk. n. 618. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 588. Ag. Bull. t. 509./. Z. 9. R. sardonia Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, reddish, &c, fleshy, compact, convex then plane, rarely depressed, but here and there repand, with an adnate pellicle which is viscid in wet weather and soon changes colour — and then often spotted, margin even. Stem 4-5 cent. (i/^~2 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, solid, firm, but at length spongy within, even, white or reddish. Gills adnate, crowded, broad, somewhat forked, white, exuding watery drops in wet weather, whence arise yel- lowish spots when dry. Robust, firm. The colour is very changeable, sometimes reddish, sometimes pallid with yellow spots, sometimes dingy yellow, opaque. Flesh same as in / R. rosacea, &c. Intermediate between R. rosacea and R. i.jrpallens, but dis- cAJ2- tinct from both in the colour becoming yellow. ' In woods, chiefly fir. Uncommon. Sept. Name — from its acrid taste. Herba Sardonia (probably Ranunculus sceleralus), screwing the mouth with its bitterness. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 442. Berk. Out. p. 211. C. Hbk. n. 619. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 589. Ag. Krombh. t. 68. /. 1-4. — Schceff. t. 16./. 5, 6. 10. R. depallens Fr.— Pileus pallid reddish or inclining to Il8 AGARICINI. Russula. fuscous, &c, fleshy, firm, convex then plane, more rarely de- pressed, but commonly irregularly shaped and undulated, even, the thin adnate pellicle presently changing colour especially at the disc, the spreading margin even, but slightly striate when old; flesh white. Stem about 4 cent. {1% in.) long, solid, firm, commonly attenuated downwards, white, becoming cinereous when old. Gills adnexed, broad, crowded, distinct, but commonly forked at the base, often with shorter ones intermixed. Inodorous, taste mild. The colour of the pileus is at first pallid reddish or inclining to fuscous, then whitish or yellowish, opaque in every stage of growth. It approaches nearest to the Heterophyllcz. In beech woods, pastures, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — de, and pallco, to be pale. Becoming pale. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 442. Berk. Out. p. 211. C. Hbk. ?i. 620. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 590. Krombh. t. 66. f. 12, 13. 11. R. drimeia Cke. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, bright purple, compact, firm, convex then depressed, scarcely viscid when moist, opaque when dry, margin somewhat incurved, even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12-18 mm. {yi-H in.) thick, solid, firm, cylindrical, equal, tinged with purple. Gills adnexed, scarcely crowded, narrow and furcate at the base, at first pale sulphur-yellow, then deeper yellow, never white. Acrid, peppery. Spores pale ochre. The colour and habit similar to R. Queletii, but distinguished by the yellow gills, ochraceous spores, and intensely peppery taste. On the ground among larch. Black Park, 1881, &c. Sept.- Nov. Name — Spi/uv?, pungent. Cke. hi Grevillea, vol. x. p. 46. III. — RlGID^E. 12. R. lactea Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at the first milk- white, then ta?i-white, throughout compactly fleshy, campanulate then convex, often excentric, without a pellicle, always dry, at the first even, then slightly cracked when dry, margin straight, thin, obtuse, even ; flesh compact, white. Stem 4-5 cent. (1,^-2 in.) long, 4 cent. (il/2 in.) thick, solid, very compact, but at length spongy-soft within, equal, even, always white. Gills free, very broad, thick, distant, rigid, forked, white. Mild. The gills are at length adnate, forked at the base and apex. Care must be taken not to confound it with other Russula: which have changed colour and become white. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Aug. Edible, but not commended for use. Name — lac, milk. Milk-white. Fr. RUSSULA. 119 Monogr. ii. p. 190. Hym. Eur. p. 443. B. 6s Br. 1133. C. Hbk. ?i. 621. Russula. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 591. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 61. f. 1-2. Barla t. 15./. 1-13. Paul. t. 74./. 2. 13. R. virescens Fr. — Pileus green, compactly fleshy, globose then expanded, at length depressed, often unequal, always dry, not furnished with a pellicle, wherefore the flocculose cuticle is broken up into patches or warts, margin straight, obtuse, eve?i j flesh white, not very compact. Stem solid, internally spongy, firm, soineivhat rivulose, white. Gills free, somewhat crowded, sometimes equal, sometimes forked, with a few shorter ones intermixed, white. Taste mild. It varies in size and colour of pileus, which is sometimes deep sometimes pallid green, sometimes yellowish then green. The gills are not so broad in front as those of neighbouring species. It is very easily distin- guished from all others by thegrcen pileus being without a pellicle and innato- Jlocculose, then rivulose, and scaly in the form of patches. In woods. Frequent. July-Sept. Stem variable in form, slightly reticulated with raised lines. M.jf.B. Pileus sometimes as much as 10 cent. (4 in.) broad. Edible. Spores scarcely echinulate, almost globular, 6 mk. IV.G.S. Name — vireo, to be green. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 190. Hym. Eur. p. 443. Berk. Out. p. 212. /. 13./. 6. C. Hbk. n. 622. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 592. Hussey ii. /. n. Ag. Schcsff. t. 94 excluding/. 1. Vittad. t. 31. Sturm Deutschl. El. iii. 3. t. 31. Barla t. 16. f. 10-12. Vetitur. t. 17./. 1, 2. Krombh. t. t'j.f. 1-10. 14. R. DuPortii Phill.— Pileus 4-6.5 cent. (i^-2^ in.) broad, centre rufous or flesh-red, margin bluish, compact, fleshy, firm, convexo -plane, depressed, smooth, dry, margin even, obtuse. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) or more high, 10-16 mm. (5-8 lin.) broad, spongy-stuffed, minutely striate, glabrous, white. Gills rounded behind, broad, distant, white. The flesh turns reddish -brown when cut, and the odour is that of the common crab. In wood. Mattishall, Norfolk. Spores globose, asperate, 9 mk. W.P. Name — after Rev. J. M. Du Port. Phill. Grevillea, vol. xiii. p. 49. 15. R. lepida Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, blood-red-rose, becoming pale, whitish especially at the disc, somewhat equally fleshy, convex then expanded, scarcely depressed, obtuse, opaque, unpolished, with a silky appearance, at length often rinwso- squamulose, margin spreading, obtuse, without striae. Stem as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, often 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, even, white or rose-colour. Gills rounded behind, rather thick, somewhat crowded, often forked, connected by veins, white, often red at the tdg^. 120 AGAR1CINI. Taste mild ; wholly compact and firm, but the flesh is cheesy not somewhat grumous. The gills are often red at the edge chiefly towards the margin, on account of the margin of the pileus being continuous with the gills. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Edible. Name— lepidus, neat, elegant. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 191. Hym. Eur. p. 444. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 59. Berk. Out. p. 212. C. Hbk. n. 623. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 593. Hussey ii. /. 32. Hogg & Johnst. t. 4. Ag. Krombh. t. 64./. 19, 20. Batsch t. 13 {very small). 16. It. rubra Fr. — Pileus unicolorous, cinnabar-vermilion, but becoming pale (tan) when old, disc commonly darker, compact, hard but fragile, convex then flattened, here and there depressed, abso- lutely dry, without a pellicle, but becoming polished-even, often rivuloso-rimose when old, margin spreading, obtuse, even, always persistent; flesh white, reddish under the cuticle. Stem 5~7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, solid, even, vary- ing white and red. Gills obtusely adnate, somewhat crowded, whitish, then yellowish, with dimidiate and forked ones inter- mixed. Very acrid, very hard and rigid, most distinct from all the others of this group in the pileus becoming polished-even, although without a pellicle, in the Jiesh being somewhat grumous, and in the very acrid taste. Gills often red at the edge. *&v In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Poisonous. Spores whitish. Fr. ; sphaeroid, 8-to mk. K. Name — ruber, red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 191. Hym. Eur. p. 444. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 49. Berk. Out. p. 212. C. Hbk. n. 624. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 594. Ag. Decand. — Barla t. 15./. 1-10. Krombh. t. 65. Vitt. Mang. t. 38./. 2, not Bull. Sch&ff. t, 15./. 4-6. 17. R. Linnaei Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, uni- colorous, dark purple, blood-red or bright rose, opaque, not be- coming pale, everywhere fleshy, rigid, piano - depressed, some- times repand, even, smooth, dry, without a separable pellicle, margin spreading, obtuse, without strias ; flesh thick, spongy- compact, white. Stem 4 cent. (i}4 in.) and more long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more thick, stout, firm, but spongy-soft within, some- what ventricose, obsoletely Jibrilloso-reticulate, intensely blood- red. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, rather thick, not crowded, broad (more than 12 mm., )/z in.), fragile, sparingly connected by veins, white, becoming yellow when dry, with a few dimidiate ones intermixed, somewhat anastomosing behind. Taste mild. The habit is exactly that of R. emetica ; the substance also is floccose, but very compact, firm, and thick. The stem according to v. Post is hollow. In woods. Stoke Poges. RUSSULA. 12 1 Spores wholly white. Fr. ; ellipsoid - sphasroid, echinulate, n mk. Q. Russula. Name — after Linnaeus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 192. Hym. Eur. p. 444. Icon. t. 172./. 3. B. & Br. n. 1786. 18. R. xerampelina Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, rosy-purple, &c, disc becoming' pale, fleshy, compact, con- vex then flattened, at length depressed, without a distinct pellicle, wherefore always dry, opaque, even, but when older commonly very thinly rimulose, so that the cuticle under a lens is very thinly granulated or punctate, margin spreading, without striae; flesh compact, white inclining to yellowish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, stout, firm, internally at length soft, spongy, even hollow, commonly thickened at the base, even, white or reddish. Gills adnexed, somewhat crowded, broader in front, forked behind, whitish, then yellowish. Taste mild. The colour of the pileus is changeable, commonly rosy- purple, with the disc becoming pale, yellowish-white, sometimes inclining to olivaceous. The stem is redder when moist. It approaches R. Integra, but differs in the pileus not having a distinct pellicle, &c. In Scotch fir wood. Glamis, 1876. Oct. » Spores dingy tan. Fr. A very distinct species. Name — iepapireXXvai, of the colour of dry vine-leaves. Dark rosy red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 192. Hym. Eur. p. 445. B. & Br. n. 1675. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 595. Ag. Schceff. t. 214, 215. 19. R. olivacea Fr. — Pileus dingy purple then olivaceous or wholly fuscous -olivaceous, fleshy, convexo -flattened and de- pressed, slightly silky and squamulose, margin spreading, even ; flesh white, becoming somewhat yellow. Stem firm, ventricose, rose-colour to pallid, spongy-stuffed within. Gills adnexed, wide, yellow, with shorter and forked ones intermixed. Mild. Near to R. rubra, but certainly distinct in the stem being definitely spongy, in the pileus being unpolished, and in the gills being soft and brightly coloured ; corresponding with R. alutacea. In woods. Slough. Spores light yellow. Fr. ; sphasroid, punctate, 10 mk. Q. Name — oliva, an olive. Olivaceous in colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 445. B. 6° Br. n. 1562. Ag. Sch&ff. t. 204. Krombh. t. 68./. 13. 20. R. cutefracta Cke. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) or more broad, green, purple, dull red, &c, fleshy, firm, dry, opaque, convex then a little depressed in the centre, cuticle cracking from the margin inwards into minute firm adnate areolae, other- wise even ; flesh beneath the cuticle tinged with purple. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, often 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, firm, solid, nearly equal, or a little attenuated above, smooth, slightly tinged 122 AGARICINI. Russula. with purple. Gills somewhat crowded, narrowed behind, furcate, adnexed or nearly free, white. Mild. Allied to R. virescens which it resembles in the cracking of the cuticle, but differs in the purple tint beneath even in green specimens, and in the tinted stem, as well as in the colour of the pileus, which is of a darker and different shade of green, and sometimes of a deep bluish-purple, as well as of a madder-red. On the ground in woods. Epping, &c. Name— cutis, skin ; frango, to break. From the cracked cuticle. Cke. in Grevillea, vol. x. p. 46. IV. — H ETEROPHYLLyE. 21. B,. vesca Fr.— Pileus red-flesh-colour ; disc darker, fleshy, slightly firm, piano-depressed, slightly wrinkled with veins, with a viscid pellicle, margin at length spreading; flesh cheesy, firm, shining white. Stem solid, compact, externally rigid, reticulated and wrinkled 'in a peculiar manner, often attenuated at the base, shining white. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, shining white, with many unequal and forked ones intermixed, but scarcely connected by veins. Of middle stature. Taste mild, pleasant. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept. -Oct. Reckoned edible. Name — vesco, to feed. From its edible qualities. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 446. Sv. at I. Sv. t, 63. Berk. Out. p. 211. C. Hbk. n. 625. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 596. {Hussey i. I. 89.) 22. R. cyanoxantha Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad, lilac or purplish then olivaceous-green, disc commonly be- coming pale often yellowish, margin commonly becoming azure- bine or livid-purple, compact, convex then plane, then depressed or infundibuliform, sometimes even, sometimes wrinkled or streaked, viscous, margin deflexed then expanded, remotely and slightly striate; flesh firm, cheesy, white, commonly reddish be- neath the separable pellicle. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, spongy-stuffed, but firm, often cavernous within when old, equal, smooth, eve?i, shining white. Gills rounded behind, connected by veins, not much crowded, broad, forked with shorter ones intermixed, shining white. Allied to R. vesca in its mild, pleasant taste and in other respects, but con- stantly different in the colour of the pileus, which is very variable, whereas in R. vesca it is unchangeable. The peculiar combination of colours in the pileus, though very variable, always readily distinguishes it. In mixed woods, &c. Common. Aug. -Oct. Sometimes considerably larger than Fries describes. Name — mWos, blue ; RUSSULA. 123 £av$6s, yellow. From the colours. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 194. Hym. Eur. p. Russula. 446. B. & Br. 71. 1 131. C. Hbk. n. 626. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 597. Ag. Schceff. t. 93. Krombh. t. 67./. 16-19. Paul. t. 76. f. 1-3. • 23. R. heterophylla Fr. — Pileus very variable in colour, but never becoming reddisJi or purple, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane then depressed, even, polished, the very thin pellicle disappearing, margin thin, even or densely but slightly striate; flesh white. Stem solid, firm, somewhat equal, even, shining white. Gills reachi?ig the stem in an attenuated form, very 7iarrow, very crowded, forked and dimidiate, shining white. Taste always mild, as in R. cyanoxantha, from which it differs in its smaller stature, in the pileus being thinner, even, never reddish or purplish, with a thin closely adnate pellicle, in the stem being firm and solid, and in the gills being thin, very narrow, very crowded, &c. The apex of the stem is occasionally dilated in the form of a cup, so that the gills appear remote. In woods. Common. July-Oct. Edible, of a sweet nutty flavour. Spores echinulate, 5x7 mk. W.G.S. Name — eVepos, $vAA.oi/, a leaf. With gills of different lengths. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 194. Hym. Eur. p. 446. Berk. Out. p. 211. /. 13. f. 5. C. Hbk. ?i. 627. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 598. Hogg 6f fohnst. t. 9. Husscy i. /. 84. Badh. i. /. 10./. 3 ; ii. t. 3./ 3, 4. Ag. Fl. Dan. t. 1909./ 1. Paul. t. 75./. 1-5. * R. galochroa Fr. Smaller.— Pileus at the first milk-white, then greenish, rather plane, viscid in wet weather, commonly dry, even, sometimes sprinkled with white floccose spots, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 ln-) ^onS< I2 mm« (J4 in.) thick, solid, firm, never becoming red. Gills very thin, more or less forked and unequal. The flocci at the disc in the form of spots or warts are not like those of R. virescens. Tn woods. Slough. Name — ydka, milk ; xp^> colour. Milk- white. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 195. Hym. Eur. p. 447. B. & Br. n. 1563. Ag. Bull. t. 509./. L.M. Bait. t. xii./ E. 24. R. consobrina Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, dark cinereous or fuscous olivaceous, fleshy, fragile, campanulate then expanded, at length depressed, margin spreading, even, though membranaceous ; flesh white, cinereous under the thick, viscous, separable pellicle. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, solid, but soft, equal, even, smooth, shining white, at length becoming cinereous. Gills at the first free, then appearing adnate when the pileus is flattened, broad, crowded, shining white, ve?y many of them dimidiate and forked. Taste very acrid. Not fcetid. Stature in general that of R. emetica, but differing in the colour of the pileus, and in the very unequal gills. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1876. Oct. 124 AGARICINI. Russula. Spores granular, 10 mk. Q. Na.me—consobrinus, cousin. Distantly related to neighbouring species. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 195. Hym. Eur. p. 447. B. & Br. n. 1676. -S". Mycol. Scot. n. 599. * R. sororia Larbr.— Pileus convex then plane or depressed, striate at the margin. Gills somewhat distant, connected by veins. The habit and colour are the same, but it differs by many marks. Stem white. Many of the gills dimidiate, but scarcely forked. Name — soror, a sister. From its relation to F. consobrina. In fir woods. North Wooton. Aug. Larbr. t. 19./. 7. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 447. Icon. t. 173. /. 1. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 67. 25. R. foetens Fr.— Pileus 10-12.5 cent (4-5 in.) and more broad, dingy yellow, often becoming pale, thinly fleshy, at first bullate, then expanded and depressed, covered with a pellicle which is adnate, not separable, and viscid in wet weather, margin broadly membranaceous, at the first bent inwards with ribs which are at length tubercular; flesh thin, rigid- fragile, pallid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 1-2.5 cent. (}i-i in.) thick, stout, stuffed then hollow, whitish. Gills adnexed, crowded, connected by veins, with very many dimidiate and forked ones intermixed, whitish, at the first exuding watery drops. Foetid. Taste acrid. Very rigid, most distinct from all others in its very heavy empyreumatic odour. In very dry weather the odour is often obsolete. The margin is more broadly membranaceous and hence marked with longer furrows than in any other species. It differs from all the preceding ones in the gills at the first exuding watery drops. The gills become obsoletely light yellow, and dingy when bruised. In woods, &c. Very common. July-Sept. Stem ruggedly hollow within as if eaten by snails. M.J.B. A very coarse and easily recognised species. Reckoned poisonous, though eaten by slugs. Spores minutely echinulate, almost globular, 8 mk. W.G.S. Name— foetens, stinking. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 195. Hym. Eur. p. 447. Sv. all. Sv. t. 40. Berk. Out. p. 213. C. Hbk. n. 628. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 600. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 70./. 1-6. Viv. t. 41. Bull. t. 292. Ventur. t. 33. f. 1-3. 26. R. subfcBtens Smith. — Pileus bullate, somewhat viscid, disc fleshy, margin somewhat membranaceous. Stem not stout. Gills thick, distant, branched. Odour somewhat disagreeable, taste slightly acrid. Smaller than R. foetens, stem not so stout, margin different. This is the plant referred to by Fries Syst. Myc. i. p. 58. as a var. of F. fragilis. On the ground. Various localities. Name— sub, and foetens, somewhat stinking. Worth. Smith Journ. Bot. 1873, P- 337- 27. R. fellea Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in.-) broad, straw- RUSSULA. 125 colour often with a deeper yellowish tinge, disc darker, thinly fleshy, Russula. convex then plane, polished, smooth, margin even, slightly striate when old; pellicle closely adnate, thin; flesh firm, of the same colour as the gilts. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, spongy-stuffed then hollow, fragile, equal, even, white then straw-colour. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, narrow, obsoletely connected by veins, intermixed with a few which are dimidiate or bifid behind, straw-colour. Distinguished, very acrid, odour none. The gills exude watery drops in damp weather. In beech woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Easily distinguished from all others by its unchangeable persistent yellowish straw-colour. The gills vary more distant. Name— felleus, full of gall. Bitter. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 196. Hym. Eur. p. 447. Icon. t. 173. f. 2. B. &> Br. n. 1787. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, p. 36. Paul. t. 76./. 4. 28. R. Queletii Fr.— Pileus violaceous-black or fuscous, purple- lilac at the margin which is slightly striate, compact, campanu- lato- convex then plane, even, viscous; flesh firm, white, red- purple under the pellicle. Stem spongy, mealy, violaceous- purple. Gills attenuated, unequal or forked, exuding drops, white. Acrid. When the drops on the gills are dried, they leave azure-blue- cinereous or pallid olivaceous spots. In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Pileus commonly about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad ; stem about same in length and 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick. Easily distinguished from R. integra by the white gills. Name— after L. Quelet. Fr. in Qud. fur. p. 185. /. 24. /. 6. Hym. 'Eur. p. 448. B. 6f Br. n. 1888. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 601. V. — Fragiles. * Gills and spores white. 29. R. emetica Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, at first rosy then blood-colour, tawny when old, sometimes becoming yellow and at length (in moist places) white, at first campanulate then flattened or depressed, polished, margin at length sulcate and tubercular j flesh white, reddish under the separable pellicle. Stem spongy-stuffed, stout, elastic when young, fragile when older, even, white or reddish. Gills somewhatyra?, broad, some- what distant, shining white. Handsome, regular, moderately firm, but fragile when full grown, taste very acrid. The gills are never dusty. There is one form taller, with the pileus campanulate then expanded, and the gills persistently free, another with the pileus convex then expanded, and gills appearing adfixed. 126 AGARICIN1. Russula. In woods and open ground. Common. July-Dec. Spores shining white, Fr. ; sphaeroid, echinulate, 8-10 mk. K. ; 7 mk. W.G.S. Stem longitudinally rugulose. M.J.B. Easily distinguished by the flesh remaining red under the cuticle when peeled off. Poisonous. Said to act as its name implies as an emetic ; certainly dangerous. Name — emetica, a vomit. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 197. Hym. Eur. p. 448. Sv. ail. Sv. t. 21. Berk. Out. p. 212. C. Hbk. n. 629. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 602. Ag. Harz. t. 63. Burl. t. 14./ 4. Lenzf. 15. 30. R. pectinata Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, at first viscous, toast-brown, then dry, becoming pale, tan, with the disc always darker, fleshy, rigid, convex then flattened and depressed or concavo-infundibuliform ; margin thin, ftectinato-sulcate, here and there irregularly shaped ; flesh white, light yellowish under the pellicle, which is not easily separable. Stem curt, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 18 mm-2.5 cent. (^-1 in.) thick, rigid, spongy- stuffed, longitudinally slightly striate, shining white, often atten- uated at the base. Gills atte?uiato-free behind, broader towards the margin, somewhat crowded, equal, simple, white. Odour weak, buf nauseous, approaching that of R. fastens. The gills are narrower than those of neighbouring species, but dilated from the stem to the margin, not exuding drops, and not changeable when touched. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Name— jScc^w, a comb. From the furrows at the margin being like the teeth of a comb. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 197. Hym. E?/r. p. 449. B. & Br. n. 1564. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 603. Ag. Bull. t. 509./. N. 31. R. ochroleuca Fr. — Pileus yellow, becoming pale, fleshy, flattened or depressed, polished, with an adnate pellicle, the spreading margin becoming even. Stem spongy, stuffed, firm, slightly reticnlato-wri?ikled, white becoming cinereous. Gills rounded behind, united, broad, somewhat equal, white becoming pale. Odour obsolete, but pleasant. The pileus is never reddish. It agrees wholly with Id. emetica in structure and stature, as well as in the acrid taste ; it differs however in the stem being slightly reticulato-wrinkled, white becom- ing cinereous, in the adnate pellicle of the pileus, in the margin remaining for a long time eveti (remotely striate, but not tubercular, only when old), and in the gills being rounded behind and becoming pale. The colour of the pileus is constant. The gills remain free and do not exude drops. In woods, chiefly fir. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Spores papillose, 7 mk. W.G.S. Name— uXp6<;, pale yellow ; Aev>e6s, white. From the yellow pileus and white stem and gills. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 449. Monogr. ii. p. 197. Berk. Out. p. 212. C. Hbk. n. 630. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 604. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 64./ 7-9. Buxb. C. v. /. 45./ 2. 32. R. fragilis Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. {\-\l/2 in.) broad, rarely RUSSULA. 127 more, flesh-colour, changing colour, very thin, fleshy only at the Russula. disc, at the first convex and often umbonate, then plane and depressed, pellicle thin, becoming pale, slightly viscid in wet weather ; margin very thin, tubercidoso-striate. Stem 4-5 cent. {i%-2 in.) long, spongy within, soon hollow, often slightly striate, white. Gills slightly adnexed, very thin, crowded, broad, ve?itricose, all equal, shining white. Very acrid. Smaller and more fragile than the rest of the group, directly changing colour. The colour is variable, often opaque, typically flesh-colour, when changed in colour white externally and internally, often with reddish spots. Among varieties of colour is to be noted a livid-flesh-coloured form, with the disc becoming fuscous. It is not easy to define it from fragile forms of R. emetica, but the gills are much more crowded, thinner, and often slightly eroded at the edge, ventricose ; the pileus thinner and more lax, &c. In woods. Common. Aug.-Oct. Name— fragilis, fragile or brittle. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 198. Hym. Eur. p. 450. Berk. Out. p. 213. C. Hbk. n. 631. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 605. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 64. /. 12-18. Bull. I. 509. / T, U. Barla t. 14. / 10-12. Corda ap. Sturm xi. /. 53. Vent. t. 33. f. 4, 5. ** Gills and spores white then light yellowish, &r°c. 33. R. veternosa Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, rose or flesh-colour, soon becoming pale, commonly whitish or yellowish at the disc, slightly fleshy, plane when full grown, depressed in the middle, covered with a thin, adnate, somewhat viscid pellicle, margin eve?i, scarcely membranaceous ; flesh soft, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. {%. in.) thick, soft, spongy then hollow, fragile, equal, even, white. Gills adnate, crowded, nar- row, becoming broader in front, with shorter ones intermixed, white then straw-colour. Taste acrid. On the ground. Chatteris. Name — veternosus, drowsy, languid. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 201. Hym. Eur. p. 450. B. fir= Br. n. 1132. C. Hbk. n. 635. Ag. Krombh. t. 66. /. 18, 19. Paul. t. 74./". 3. 34. R. integra Fr.— Pileus typically red, changing colour, fleshy, campanulato-convex then expanded and depressed, fragile when full grown, with a viscous pellicle, at length sulcate and somewhat tubercular at the margin \ flesh white, sometimes yel- lowish above. Stem at first short, conical, then clavate or ven- tricose, as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, spongy-stuffed, com- monly stout, even, shining wliite. Gills somewhat free, very broad, equal or bifid at the stem, somewhat distant, connected 128 AGARICINI. Russula. by veins, pallid-white, at length light yellow, somewhat ochraceous- pulverulent with the spores. Taste mild, often astringent. The most changeable of all species, especi- ally in the colour of the pileus which is typically red, but at the same time inclining to azure-blue, bay-brown, olivaceous, &c. Sometimes the gills are sterile and remain white. In woods, chiefly pine. Common. Aug.-Nov. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad. The white stem and yellow-pulverulent gills distinguish it. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid or sphaeroid, echinulate, 10 x 8 or 7 x 9 mk. K. ; globose, rough, 8-9 mk. C.B.P. Name— integer, whole, en- tire. Perfect in form. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 199. Hym. Eur. p. 450. Berk. Out. p. 213. C. Hbk. n. 632. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 606. Ag. Schceff. t. 92. Vittad. t. 21. Vent. t. 63./ 5, 6. Harz. t. 59. Krombh^ t. 66. /. 14, 15, and 16, 17? Batt. t. 16. C. 35. R. decolorans Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) "broad, uni- colorous, at first orange-red, then light yellow and becoming pale, fleshy, spherical then expanded and depressed, remarkably regular, viscid when moist, thin and at length striate at the mar- gin ; flesh white, but becoming somewhat cinefeojis when broken, and more or less variegated with black spots when old. Stem elongated (10 cent., 4 in.) cylindrical, solid, but spongy within, often rugoso- striate, white then becoming ci?iereous especially within. Gills adnexed, often in pairs, thin, crowded, fragile, white then yellowish. Taste mild. Colours changeable according to a fixed rule, but not variable. The gills are not ochraceous-pulverulent as in R. Integra, nor shining and pure yellow as in R. aurata, &c. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Spores pallid ochraceous Fr. Name — de, and coloro, to colour. Changing colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 199. Hy?n. Eur. p. 451. Berk. Out. p. 214. C. Hbk. n. 633. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 607. 36. R. aurata Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, varying lemon-yellow, orange a?id red, disc darker, fleshy, rigid, brittle however, hemispherical then plane, disc not depressed, pellicle thin, adnate, viscid in wet weather, margin even, and slightly striate only when old, but sometimes wrinkled ; flesh lemon-yellow under the pellicle, white below. Stem 5—7. 5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid, firm, but spongy within, cylindrical, obsoletely striate, white or lemon-yellow. Gills rounded free, connected by veins, broad, equal, shining, never pulverulent, whitish inclining to light yellow, but vivid letnon-yellow at the edge. Taste at first mild, then slightly acrid, odour pleasant. It is among the most beautiful and most easily recognised species by the colours alike of the pileus and of the flesh and gills. RUSSULA. 129 In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Russuia. The bright yellow edge of the gills is a very distinctive mark. Name — aurum, gold. From its colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 200. Hym. Eur. p. 452. Berk. Out. p. 213. C. Hbk. n. 634. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 608. Ag. With.— Krapf. t. 5. Schteff. t. 15./. 1-3. Krombh. t. 66. /. 8-1 1. 37. R. nitida Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, commonly bay-brown-purplish, disc darker, shining, fleshy, stiff, convex then plane or slightly depressed, covered with a pellicle which is viscid in wet weather, margin striate, somewhat tubercular; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. {l/2 in.) thick, spongy-stuffed, soft, somewhat equal or attenuated down- wards, even, white inclining to pale. Gills adnexed, separating, crowded, pallid then bright sulphur-yellow, not pulverulent. Taste mild, at length nauseous ; said to be somewhat fcetid. Distinguished at first sight from all others by the gills being bright lemon-yellow, shining, and never ochraceous-pulverulent. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — nitidus, shining. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 201. Hy7n. Eur. p. 452. Berk. Out. p. 214. t. 13./. 7. C. Hbk. n. 636. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 609. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 66. f. 1-3. — Schceff. t. 254. *** Gills a?id spores ochraceous. 38. R. alutacea Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, com- monly bright blood-colour or red, even black-purple, but be- coming pale, especially at the disc, fleshy, campanulate then convex, flattened and somewhat umbilicate, even, with a remarkably viscous pellicle, margin thin, at length striate, tubercular; flesh s?iow-white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, solid, stout, equal, even, white, most frequently variegated -reddish, even purple. Gills at first free, thick, very broad, connected by veins, all equal, somewhat distant, at first pallid light yellow, then bright ochraceous, not pulverulent. Handsome. Taste mild, pleasant ; at length soft and very fragile. Change- able in colour ; in shady beech woods a form occurs with the pileus ceruginous. In one form the stem is wholly dark blood-colour, and the gills are rounded behind and remote from the stem. It is distinguished from R. integra by its gills not being pulverulent. In mixed woods. Common. Edible and very good. Name—aluta, tanned leather. From the yellowish gills. Fr. Mofiogr. ii. p. 202. Hym. Eur. p. 453. Berk. Out. p. 214. t. 13. / 8. C. Hbk. n. 637. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 610. Price/. 36. Ag. Vittad. t. 34. Krombh. t. 64./". 1-3. Barla t. 14./. 1-3. 39. R. lutea Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 m-) broad, yellow, vol. 11. 1 130 AGARICINI. Russula. at length becoming pale, and occasionally wholly white, thinly fleshy, soon convexo-plane or piano -depressed, viscous when moist, even or when old obsoletely striate at the margin j flesh white. Stem 4 cent. (i}4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, soft, fragile, equal, even, white, never reddish. Gills somewhat free, connected by veins, crowded, narrow, all equal, ochraceous-egg-yellow. Always small, very regular ; taste mild. When young the pileus is always of a beautiful yellow. In woods. Uncommon. July-Oct. Spores yellow, echinulate, 8 mk. W.G.S. ; globose, rough, 6-7 mk. C.B.P. Name — luteus, yellow. Fr. Motiogr. ii. p. 203. Hym. Eur. p. 454. Berk. Out. p. 214. C. Hbk. n. 638. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 611. Ag. Huds. 40. R. nauseosa Fr. — Pileus variable in colour, typically purplish at the disc, then livid, but becoming pale and often whitish, laxly fleshy, thin, at first piano-gibbous, then depressed, viscid in wet weather, silicate and somewhat tubercular at the somewhat membranaceous margin; flesh soft, white. Stem short, about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, spongy- stuffed, slightly striate, white. Gills adnexed, ventricose, some- what distant, here and there with a few shorter ones intermixed, light yellow then dingy ochraceous. The taste is mild, but also nauseous, as the odour often is. The habit is that of R. nitida, of the same colour of pileus, but differing in the colour of the gills. In woods, chiefly pine. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Name — nauseosus, nauseous. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 454. B. dr3 Br. n. 1283. Ag. Schceff. t. 16. /. 4. 41. R. vitellina Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, wiicolorous, light yellow then wholly pallid, somewhat membranaceous, at length luberculoso-striate, somewhat dry, disc very small, slightly fleshy. Stem thin, scarcely exceeding 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, equal. Gills separating-free, equal, distant, rather thick, connected by veins, saffron-yellow. Pretty, very fragile, strong-smelling, mild. In fir and mixed woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name— vitellus, yolk of egg. Egg-yellow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 454. Berk. Out. p. 215. C. Hbk. n. 639. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 612. Ag. Pers. — Batsch f. 72. 42. R. chamseleontina Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (1-2 in.) broad, thinly fleshy, soon flattened, sometimes oblique with a thin, CANTHARELLUS. 131 separable, viscid pellicle, which is at first flesh-colour, then Russula. presently changing colour, becoming yellow at the disc and at length wholly yellow, margin even, then slightly striate. Stem as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, but thin, somewhat hollow, slightly striate, white. Gills more or less adnexed, thin, crowded, equal, narrow, somewhat forked, light-yellow-ochraceous. Mild, inodorous, very fragile. Pileus rosy-blood-red, purplish lilac, &c. Sometimes even at the first yellowish at the disc. In woods. Rare. Sept. Name— from its changing colours like the chamceleon. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 455. B. & Br. n. 1014. C. Hbk. n. 640. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 613. Genus XL -Cantharellus Adans. — (KcLuOapos, a vase or cup.) Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 316. Canthar- ellus. Hymenophore continuous with the stem, descending un- changed into the trama. Gills thick, fleshy -waxy, fold-like, somewhat branched, obtuse at the edge. Spores white. Fleshy, mem- branaceous, putrescent fungi, without a veil. Fr. Hym. Etir. p. 455. The distinguishing character of the genus consists in the fold-like gills. The Mesopodes commonly grow on the ground ; the rest com- monly on mosses, very rarely on wood. Intermediate between Aga- ricus and Craterellus. Some are edible, others reckoned poisonous. LI. Cantharellus cibarius. One- third natural size. I. Mesopus (ju-eVos, middle ; ttovs, a foot). Pileus entire. Stem central. * Pileus and solid stemjleshy. ** Pileus so?newhat membranaceous, stem tubular and polished. II. Merisma (/*epi£w, to divide). Stems very numerous, united into an elongated column or branched. III. Pleuropus {rr\evp6v, the side ; ttov's, a foot). Dimidiate, stem exactly lateral. IV. Resupinatus {resupinatus, lying on the back). Pileus entire, at first cup-shaped, adfixed by the vertex, then somewhat reflexed. * Bryophili (moss-loving). ** Lignatiles (growing on wood), doubtful species. 132 AGARICINI. Canthar- I. — MESOPUS. ellus. * Pileus and solid stem fleshy . 1. C. cibarius Fr. Egg-yellow.— Pileus truly fleshy, firm, at first convex, then plane or somewhat depressed, repand, always smooth. Stem solid, thickened upwards. Gills decurrent, thick, distant, branched, narrow, fold-like. Taste pleasant. Growing in troops. The stem passes into the pileus which is hence turbinate. The gills are more swollen than those of the other species. It varies wholly white. In woods, especially beech. Common. July-Dec. Berkeley records a var. white, here and there tinged with pink. The smell, especially when the plant is old, is that of ripe apricot. Edible, delicious. It must have four hours' slow cooking. Spores sphceroid-ellipsoid, 8-9 x 5-6 mk. K. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. ; pruniform, nucleate, 11 mk. Q. Name-a'fem, food. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 206. Hym. Eur. p. 455. Sv. ail. Sv. t. 7. Berk. Out. p. 215. C. Hbk. n. 641. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 614. Harz. t. 18. Grev. t. 258. Badh. i. t. 9./ 2; ii. t. 8./. 1. Price f. 94. Krombh. t. 45./ 1-11. Vittad. t, 25. /. 1. Barla t. 28. Ag. Fl. Dan. t. 264. Sow. t. 46. 2. C. Friesii Quel.— Pileus somewhat orange, fleshy, thin, con- vex then depressed, villous. Stem solid, slender, villous, at the base white, attejiuated. Gills narrow, fold-like, branched, yellow. Exactly intermediate between C. cibarius and C. aura?itiacus, but smaller than either. In woods. Sydenham Hill. Name— after Elias Fries. Quit. Jur. p. 191. /. 23./. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 455. B. & Br. n. 1782. Apparently Krombh. t. 46. /. 3-6 and perhaps Paul. t. 51./". 3-4. 3. C. aurantiacus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, orange-ochraceous, fleshy, soft, depressed, often excentric and undulated, somewhat to?nentose, involute at the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, stuffed at length hollow, somewhat incurved and unequal, ochraceous. Gills decurrent, tense and straight, repeatedly dichotomous and crowded, often crisped at the base, deep orange. Taste unpleasant. The pileus is not firm, and the stem is not so much dif- fused into the pileus as in C. cibarius. The stem, especially in marshy places, becomes at length black. Bull. t. 505. It varies with light yellow pileus and white gills, and is sometimes wholly white. In woods, especially pine. Common. Aug.-Nov. Reckoned poisonous. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 5-6 x 3 mk. K. Name — aurantiacus, orange-yellow. Fr. Mo?iogr. ii. p. 206. Hym. Eur. p. 455. Sv. all. Sv. t. 79. Berk. Out. p. 215. /. 14./. 1. C. Hbk. n. 642. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 615. Ag. Wulf. Jacqu. Coll. ii. t. 14./. 3. Batschf. 37. Sow. t. 413. CANTHARELLUS. 1 33 4. C. Brownii B. & Br. Ochraceous-white or cream-coloured. Camhar- — Pileus about 12 mm. {%, in.) broad, thin, convex, somewhat ellus- umbonate, obscurely silky. Stem 4-5 cent. (i%-2 in.) long, stuffed, slender, tough, nearly equal, somewhat furfuraceous. Gills (folds) obtusely decurrent, rather distant, linear, extremely narrow, sometimes forked, interstices smooth. Hymenium nearly white. Stem furnished with a little white fibrillose myce- lium at the base, which sometimes forms a small earthy ball. A very distinct species. Among grass. Hitchin. Name — after J. Brown. Berk. Out. p. 215. C. Hbk. n. 643. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 456. 5. C. carbonarius A. & S. — Pileus date-brown then black, somewhat fleshy, striato-squamulose, umbilicate. Stem paler. Gills tense and straight, white. Rooted, fasciculate. The following seem to be the same : B. C. anthra- cophilus, solitary, black, tough, pileus fleshy - membranaceous, naked, de- pressed ; stem stuffed, slender, smooth, slightly rooted ; gills distant, dichoto- mous. Leveill. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1841,/. 236. t.14./. 2. — C. C. radicosus, slender, pileus 18 mm. -2.5 cent. (^-1 in.), deeply umbilicate, floccose, black ; stem rooting, pallid ; hymenium white, gills narrow. Two or three pilei often grow from the same obconical root, which is white and spongy. On charcoal heaps, &c. Rare. Sept.-Nov. Spores 9x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — carbo, charcoal. From its habitat. A. 6" S. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 456. C. radicosus B. dx5 Br. n. 1134. C. Hbk. n. 647. Saund. 6^ Sm. t. 1. 6. C. umbonatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more broad, cinereous-blackish, slightly fleshy, convex when young, u?)ibo7iate, at length depressed, even, dry, Jlocculoso-sWky on the surface, shining brightly especially under a lens; flesh soft, white, often becoming red when wounded. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, about 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, elastic, villous at the base, cinereous, but paler than the pileus. Gills decurrent, thin, tense and straight, crowded, repeatedly dichotomous, shi?iing white. Odour and taste scarcely notable. Gregarious. Among the taller mosses the stem is longer. Often overlooked from its habit being that of an Agaric. It varies with the pileus squamulose and blackish. In woods. Rare. April-Aug. Name — umbo, the boss of a shield. Umbonate. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 207. Hym. Eur. p. 457. Berk. Out. p. 216. C. Hbk. n. 644. S. My col. Scot. n. 616. Hoffm. Ic. t. 22./. 2. Ag. Wulf. Jacqu. Coll. 2. /. 16./. 1. 7. C. albidus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (J^-1 m-) broad, whitish, 134 AGARICINI. Canthar- inclining to yellowish or rufescent, fleshy, very thi?i, somewhat infundibuliform, irregular, somewhat repand and torn, smooth, somewhat zoned. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i)4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, tough, equal or at length compressed, smooth, white or rarely yellowish. Gills decurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, repeatedly dichotomous, white. Tough but not coriaceous. It approaches near to the Clitocybce among Agarics, clearly showing the affinity of these with the Cantharelli (C. cibarius, aurantiacus, umbonatus, and albidus). In mossy places. Coed Coch. Sept.-Oct. Name — a/bus, white. Whitish. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 207. Hytn. Eur. p. 457. B. 6" Br. n. 1421. Fl, Dan. t. 1293. /. 1. 8. C. Houghtoni Phill. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) or more broad, dirty white with a tinge of flesh-colour, thin, convex, umbilicate, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, stuffed, slender, thickened at the apex, at first delicately fibrillose, root- ing at the base which is more or less cottony. Gills somewhat decurrent, narrow, scarcely forked, pallid flesh-colour. Sometimes 5 cent. (2 in.) broad. Allied to C. albidus. On the ground. Hereford. Name — after Rev. William Houghton. Phillips. — B. & Br. n. 1565. ** Pileus somewhat membranaceous, stem tubular and polished. 9. C. tubseformis Fr. — Pileus fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, infundibuliform, repand and lobed, flocculose. Stem hollow, at length compressed and lacunose, smooth, orange-tawny. Gills thick, distant, branched with many clefts, yellow or fuliginous, naked. It differs widely from all the preceding species in the somewhat membrana- ceous, infundibuliform, flocculose pileus, and in the tubular stem. Interme- diate between C. infundibuliformis, to which it is like in the hymenium, and Craterellus lutescens, which is more like it in the entire habit. Var. lutescens, pileus convexo-umbilicate, rather even, somewhat regular ; stem more equal, attenuated upwards ; gills less divided. Bull. t. 473. f. 3. In woods. Common. Au£. -Oct. &■ Spores 8 X4mk. W.G.S. Name — tuba, a trumpet ; forma, form. Trum- pet-shaped. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 208. Hytn. Eur. p. 457. Berk. Out. p. 216. C. Hbk. n. 645. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 617. Fl. Dan. t. 2080. f. 1. Merulius Pers. Ic. descr. t. 6./. 1. Dittm. Sturm, t. 30. Batt. t. 23./. 1. 10. C. infundibuliformis Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (1-2 in.) broad, rarely more, yellowish-cinereous or fuliginous when CANTHARELLUS. 1 35 moist, becoming pale when dry, somewhat membranaceous, Camhar- umbilicate then infundibuliform, here and there pervious to the ellus- base, floccoso-iuri?ikled on the surface, at length undulated at the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat thickened at the base, even, smooth, always light yellow. Gills decurrent, thick, distant, dichoto- mous, tense and straight, sometimes light yellowish, sometimes cinereous, especially when old and theft pruiiiate. Gregarious, somewhat casspitose. Often not easily distinguished from C. tubceformis. It does not approach Crat. lutescens. The colours are less intense, moderately persistent when dried. In woods. Common. July-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ovoid, 9-11x7-8 mk. K. Name — infundibulum, a fun- nel ; forma, form. Funnel-shaped. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 208. Hym. Eur. p. 458. Berk. Out. p. 216. C. Hbk. n. 646. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 618. Meru- lius Scop. — Sow. t. 47. Krombh. t. 46./". 7-9. Fl. Dan. t. 1617. 11. C. (unereus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 m0 and more broad, hoary-fuliginous, somewhat membranaceous, infundibuli- form, pervious as far as the base of the stem, villoso-squamulose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, hollow, manifestly attenuated downwards, smooth, fuliginous- blackish. Gills decurrent, thick, very distant, connected by veins but not much branched, cinereous. As C. tubceformis resembles Crat. lutescens this entirely resembles Crat. cor- nucopioides, but is very easily distinguished from it by the hymenium being in the form of gills. In woods. Rare. Halifax, &c. Spores 15 x 8 mk. B. & Br. Name — cinis, ashes. From the cineueous gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 209. Hym. Eur. p. 458. Berk. Out. p. 216. B. & Br. n. 1016*, 1139*. C. Hbk. n. 648. Krombh. t. 45./. 12. Merulius Pers. — Bull. t. 465./". 2. 12. C. cupulatus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. {yi in.) broad, pallid fuscous when damp, becoming pale, somewhat rufescent, when dry, membranaceous, pla?io-infundibuliform (exactly cup-shaped), repand, not zoned, when moist smooth, striate at the margin, when dry even, flocculose. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 1 m. (X lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, tense and straight, tough, smooth, paler than the pileus. Gills decurrent, very distant, branched with many clefts, with some simple ones intermixed, broad, but obtuse at the edge, grey. The branches on the gills ramify in a fasciculate manner. It must not be confounded with Xcrotus degener. In waste places. Rare. Oct. 136 AGARICINI. Canthar- Name — cupa, a cup. Shaped like a little cup. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 209. ellus. Hym. Eur. p. 458. Merulius Pers. Syn. t. 5. /. 2. Ag. helvelloides Bull. I. 601. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. n. 226. 13. C. Stevensoni B. & Br. — Pileus about 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid, orbicular, umbilicate, smooth, margin inflexed. Stem 6 mm. (X in.) long, 1 m. {% lin.) thick, cylindrical, delicately pulverulent, white then darker. Gills decurrent, pallid, becom- ing fuscous in front. Stem with a little white mycelium at the base. Very near to C. cupulatus ; but that is very strongly umbonate when young, and the umbo is always visible at the bottom of the umbilicus ; the habit, moreover, is different. On rotten stump among moss. Glamis, 1874. March, April. Name — after Rev. John Stevenson. B. & Br. n. 1422. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 619. II. — Merisma. No British species. III. — Pleuropus. 14. C. muscigenus Fr. — Pileus fuscous when moist, cinereous- whitish when dry, somewhat zoned, membranaceous, tough, spathulate, smooth, rather plane, slightly undulated when full grown. Stem short, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.), round, exactly lateral, villous at the base, horizontal as well as the pileus with which it is continuous. Gills slightly swollen, diverging from the apex of the stem, distant, branched, not anastomosing, of the same colour as the pileus. The whole plant from the base of the stem to the apex of the pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent. (1 in.), commonly smaller. On mosses. Uncommon. June. Name — muscus, moss ; gigno, to bear. Growing on mosses. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 210. Hym. Eur. p. 460. Berk. Out. p. 217. C. Hbk. n. 649. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 620. Ag. Bull. t. 288, 498./. 2. Merulius Nees Syst.f. 236. IV. — Resupinati. * Bryofihili (moss-loving). 15. C. retirugus Fr.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, whitish- cinereous above, darker, cinereous-fuliginous, beneath, membran- aceous, expanded, repando-lobed, very tender, somewhat round, at first entire at the margin then variously split. Gills radiating from the centre, very tender, reticulated. NYCTALIS. 137 Easily distinguished from C. lobatus by the thinner, reticulated gills ; Canthar- without the rudiment of astern, adfixed to mosses by fibrils at the vertex, ellus. It approaches the Cyphellce in many respects. On mosses. Uncommon. May. Name — rete, a net ; ruga, a wrinkle. From the reticulated gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 212. Hym. Eur. p. 460. Berk. Out. p. 217. /. 14. f. 2. Helvella Bull. i. 498./. 1. Sow. t. 348. 16. C. lobatus Fr.— Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.), dark fuscous when in full vigour, becoming pale when dry, sessile, horizontal, membranaceous, somewhat round, at first adfixed, entire, then somewhat lateral and lobed. Gills fold-like, some- what distant, distmct, branched, of the same colour as the pileus. On mosses in bogs. Uncommon. Autumn. When old often very much lobed and crisped, and then the wrinkles, especially at the base, are reticulated, though towards the margin they con- tinue distinct. M.J.B. Spores ovoid-pruniform, 10 mk. Q. Name — lobatus, lobed. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 211. Hym. Eur. p. 461. Berk. Out. p. 217. C. Hbk. n. 650. S. Myccl. Scot. n. 622. Fl. Dan. t. 1077. Bolt. t. 177. ** Lignatiles (growing on wood). No British species. Genus XII. — Arrhenia Fr. Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 312. An-henia. Membranaceous, very tender, hymenium inferior and striate with few, delicate, slightly raised, simple, straight veins, which take the place of gills. Spores pallid. Mifiute, moderately per- sistent, variable in form. Stria not decurrent. Compare Can- thar ellus Brownii. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 461. No British species. Genus XIII. — Nyctalis (™|, night. From inhabiting dark Nyctalis. places.) Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. p. 203. Hymenophore continuous with the stem. Gills fleshy, thick, juicy, obtuse at the edge, not decurrent on the stem nor fold-like. Veil (in species which have been fully observed) floccoso-pruinose. Fleshy fungi, not reviving, of imcertain and irregular occurrence, differing in many respects from one a?iother and from the rest of the Agaricini. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 462. I. SPELEiE {spelceum, a cave). Gills crowded, somewhat coalescent. In 138 AGARICINI. Nyctalis. hollow places. There is scarcely any doubt that these species are forms of others, changed in appearance and disguised owing to their place of growth. II. Parasite {parasita, a parasite). Gills distinct, distant. On putrid fungi. I. — SPELE.E. 1. N. caliginosa Smith. — Pileus white when dry, marked with colours (as in Ag. butyraceus) when wet, very fleshy, floccoso-pruinose when dry, margin involute, slightly exceeding the gills. Stem solid, floccoso-pruinose, base naked. Gills decurrent, thick, branched. Odour and taste rank and disagreeable like Polyporus squamosus. Closely allied to N. parasitica, but at once distinguished by its truly decurrent gills and other characters. Amongst earth and dead leaves in dense dark wood. Bishop's Wood, Highgate. Name — caligo, darkness. From its ha- bitat. Worth. Smith Journ. Bot. 1873, P- 337- HI. Nyctalis parasitica. One- half natural size. II. — Parasite. 2. N. asterophora Fr. — Pileus white when young, xhtn fawn- colour, fleshy, conical then hemispherical, often papillate when young, then splitting open, Jloccoso-ftulverulent. Stem scarcely exceeding 12 mm. {%, in.) long, 1-2 mm. {l/z-\ lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, but often twisted, at first whitish and pruinose, then be- coming fuscous. Gills adnate, distant, thick, tense and straight, somewhat forked, dingy. Very abnormal. Gregarious. The dust covering the pileus represents stel- late spores under the microscope. B. even underneath and without gills. On dead Russula nigricans, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores 2x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — aster, a star; fero, to bear. From the stellate bodies in the dust on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 214. Hym. Eur. p. 463. Berk. Out. p. 217. C. Hbk. n. 652. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 623. Ag. Bull. t. 516./. 1. Asterophora Lycop. Ditt?n. Sturm t. 26. 3. N. parasitica Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {}4-i in.) broad, whit- ish-fuscous, then becoming pale, whitish, slightly fleshy, when young conico-campanulate then convex, soon plane and obtuse MARASMIUS. 139 or obsoletely umbonate, unequal, with a persistent, pruinose, grey Nyctalis. pellicle; flesh dingy. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (I_2 in0 l°ng> 3 mm. {1% Hn.) thick, delicately fistulose, equal or slightly attenuated up- wards, straight or curved from oblique position, pubescent, white. Veil manifest, fibrillose. Gills adnate, thick, distant, with alter- nate shorter ones intermixed, becoming fuscous, at length con- torted and anastomosing. Gregarious, even caespitose. The pileus is often irregular'(angular, repand and rimose). On dead Russules, adusta and fattens. Common. Aug.-Nov. Odour like Polyporus squamosus. M.J.B. Name — from its parasitic growth. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 214. Hy?n. Eur. p. 464. Berk. Out. p. 218. t. 19./. 2. C. Hbk. n. 653. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 624. Ag. Bull. t. 574./. 2. Sow. t. 343- ... Genus XIV. — Marasmius (fiapahw, to wither or shrivel). Marasmius. Fr. Gen. Hymen. Epicr. p. 372. Tough, arid fungi ; shrivelling (and not putrescent), reviving when wet. Hymenophore co?itinuous with the stem., but hetero- geneous, descending into the trama; veil none with one exception. Stem cartilaginous or horny. Gills pliant, somewhat distant, edge acute and quite entire. This begins a new series of pliant and arid Agaricini. They are com- monly epiphytal. Like other plants they may be dried and preserved in herbaria. Marasmius is a very nat- ural genus, although it be principally distinguished by biological marks. Many of the species have a strong smell and peculiar taste (all the Agaricini with the smell of garlic seem to belong to this genus, but no one of the species has the smell of new meal). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 464. Marasmius is closely allied to Collybia. Their biological char- acter of shrivelling, and reviving with moisture is of the utmost importance in the determination of the true Marasmii. Fries refers (Monogr. ii. p. 215) to two species which hold a doubtful LI I I. Marasmius oreades. half natural size. One- 140 AGARICINI. Marasmius. place between the genuine Agarics and the Marasmii — viz., Ag. (Collybia) stipitarius and Marasmius oreades. One species (not British) M. subannulatus has a veil. The species are mostly small, thin, and commonly epiphytal ; those which are found on the ground are generally on putrid leaves or roots of grasses. They are too thin to be of much use for food, but some are esteemed for flavouring. I. Collybia. Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. i. p. 73. Pileus fleshy-pliant, at length somewhat coriaceous, sulcate or wrinkled, margin at first involute. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, mycelium fioccose in a very few not manifest. A. Scortei (scorteus, coriaceous). Stem solid, or stuffed with a pith then hol- low, internally fibrous, externally with villous down (pruina, ' Monogr.') that is easily wiped off covering the cartilaginous cuticle. Gills separating-free. * Stem woolly or strigose at the base. ** Stem naked at the base, often composed of twisted fibres. B. Tergini (tergum, hide, skin, leather). Stem rooting, definitely tubular, not fibrous, manifestly cartilaginous. Gills separating-free. Pileus thinner than in the former section, hygrophanous, sometimes even, sometimes striate at the margin. * Stem woolly downwards, smooth upwards. ** Stem {at least when dry) everywhere pruinato-velvety. C. Calopodes (*aA.6s, beautiful; wow's, afoot). Stem curt, rootless, inserted, often furnished with a fioccose tubercle at the base. Pileus convexo-involute then plane and depressed ; in this state the gills, which are typically adnate, are somewhat decurrent. On stipules, branches, &c. , gregarious, arid. * Stetn very smooth and shining upwards, with a simple base. ** Stem velvety or pruinate, with a somewhat tubercular base. II. Mycena. Stem horny, fistulose, but here and there with a pith, tough, arid, mycelium rhizomorphoid corticate and not fioccose. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, margin at the first straight and adpressed to the stem. A. Chordales {chorda, a gut. M. chordalis). Stem rigid, rooting, or adnate by a dilated base. Pileus campanulate or convex. Type manifestly that of Mycetia. B. Rotulae (rotula, a little wheel). Stem filiform, flaccid, inserted at the base. Pileus soon rather plane or umbilicate. Growing on leaves, declining from the common type of Mycena. * Stem very smooth, shining. ** Stem velvety or pilose. III. Apus (a, and ttov's, a foot. Stemless). Pileus sessile, resupinate. I. — COLLYBIA. A. Scortei. * Stem woolly or strigose at the base. 1. M. urens Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, unicolor- ous, pale yellowish beco??ii?ig pale, slightly fleshy, moderately com- pact at the disc, even, but here and there squamulose or rimoso- MARASMIUS. 141 rivulose when dry, smooth, the thin margin involute. Stem 5-7.5 Marasmius. cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, composed of crisp tough fibres, rigid, equal, sometimes however ventricose, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, everywhere clothed with white Jlocci, pale, white- villous at the base. Gills free, united behind, at length remote horn the stem, distant, tough, at first pale-wood colour, then brown. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose. Taste very stinging. The stem is not strigosely sheathed at the base. In mixed woods. Frequent. June-Sept. A curious form has occurred with the pileus turning very dark when full grown. B. & Br. Poisonous. Worthington Smith has tested it by accident. It produced headache, swimming of brain, burning in throat and stomach, followed by severe purging and vomiting. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — uro, to burn. From its bur?iing taste. Fr. Monogr. \\.p. 216. Hym. Eur. p. 465. Berk. Out. p. 218. t. 14./ 3. B. &-= Br. n. 1889. C. Hbk. n. 654. -5. Mycol. Scot. n. 625. Gonn. & Rab. t. 8./. 1. Ag. Bull. t. 528./. 1. Fl. Dan. t. 2018./. 1. 2. M. peronatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (1-2 in.) and more broad, light yellowish or pallid brick-rufescent, then becoming pale, wood-colour or tan, at first fleshy-pliant, then coriaceo-?nem- branaceous, convex then plane, obtuse, flaccid, slightly wrinkled, even at the disc, at length lactulose, striate at the margin; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, fibrous, tough, attenuated upwards, at length hollow and compressed, furnished with a bark, light yellow then pallid, cuticle villous but separating and rufescent when rubbed, somewhat in- curved at the base, where it is clothed with dense, somewhat strigose, yellowish or white villous down. Gills adnexed the7i separating, free, moderately thin, and crowded, when young whitish, pallid wood-colour, at length somewhat remote, rufescent. B. Woolly-sheathed at the base. Taste acrid like that of M. urens, odour none. In woods. Common. July-Dec. Spores pip-shaped, 7x4 mk. W.G.S. Name— pero, a kind of boot ; pero- natus, sheathed. From the strigose sheathing at the base of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 216. Hym. Eur. p. 465. Berk. Out. p. 218. /. 14./. 4. C. Hbk. n. 655. S. Mycol. Scot.n. 626. Ag. Bolt. t. 58. Sow. t. 37. Fl. Dan. t. 2018. f. 2. 3. M. porreus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- il~2 in-) broad, dingy yellowish, pallid when dry, coriaceo-membranaceous, flaccid, con- vex then flattened, obtuse, even at the disc, striate at the margin, opaque ; flesh pallid, almost of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed then hollow, tough, juiceless, pubescent, somewhat thickened at both ends, red-fuscous, paler at the apex, slightly villous at the base. Gills separating-free, 142 AGARICINI. Marasmius. distant, rather thick, tough, broadly linear, at length coriaceous, light yellowish then becoming pale. Odeur of garlic, but fugacious when the plant is dried. In woods, especially among oak-leaves. Frequent. Sept.- Nov. Spores pip-shaped, 4x6 mk. W.G.S. Name— porrum, the leek. From its smell of garlic. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 217. Hym. Eur. p. 466. Berk. Out. p. 219. C. Hbk. n. 656. £. Mycol. Scot. n. 627. Ag. Pers. — Sow. t. 81. ** Stem naked at the base, &c. 4. M. oreades Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, rufescent then becoming pale, hygrophanous, whitish when dry, fleshy, pliant, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, even, smooth, slightly striate at the margin when moist. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 3 mm. {1% lin.) thick, solid, very tough, equal, tense and straight, everywhere clothed with a villous-woven cuticle which can be rubbed off, pallid ; bluntly rooted at the base, naked, not villous or tomentose. Gills free, broad, distant, the alternate ones shorter, at first soft, then firmer, pallid-white. Odour weak, but pleasant, stronger when dried, taste mild. Commonly growing in circles or rows. In lawns and pastures. Common. May-Oct. Edible, delicious when broiled with butter. It may be pickled or dried for future use. Carefully distinguish M. urens (poisonous) from it. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 6-7x5-6 mk. K. Name — 'Opeias, a mountain-nymph. Forming fairy rings. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 218. Hym. Eur. p. 467. Sv. ail. Sv. t. 31. Berk. Out. p. 219. t. 14. / 5. C. Hbk. n. 657. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 628. Ag. Bolt. t. 151. Grev. t. 323. Sow. t. 247. Price/. 11. Badh. i. /. 8./ 3, ii. t. 7./. 4. Vittad. t. 10./. x. Krombh. t. 43./. 11-16. Fl. Bat. t. 830. Gonn. & Rab. t. 8./. 3. Schaff. t. yy. Bull. t. 144, 528./. 2. 5. M. scorteus Fr. Wholly whitish. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, becoming pale when dried, slightly fleshy, convex, scarcely umbonate, even (not striate at the margin), but slightly wrinkled when dried. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, obsoletely flstulose, thin, filiform, equal, not rooted, smooth, delicately pnu?iose towards the apex, contorted and becoming fuscous when dry. Gills quite free, remarkably broad, rounded behind, ventricose, white. Inodorous, mild. Habit that of very small M. oreades. In grass among trees. Moncreiffe. Aug. Name — scortum, hide. Leathery, wrinkled. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 219. Hym. Eur. p. 468. B. &•* Br. n. 1677. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 629. Batsch t. 109? MARASMIUS. I43 B. TERGINI. Marasmius. * Stem woolly downwards, smooth upwards. 6. M. varicosus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (J4 in.) or a little more broad, fuscous -purple, becoining darker when dry, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, campanulate then convex, plane, urn- bonate, even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, thin, fistulose, rubiginous, among mosses villoso-tomentose beyond the middle, the down rubiginous, blackish when dry, smooth above, filled with dark blood-coloured juice, which drops when it is broken. Gills separating-free, very crowded, linear, very narrow, of the same colour as the pileus, but becoming dark, umber-fuscous when dry. Solitary, inodorous. In places which are not mossy the stem is only 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, wholly smooth, becoming black. It is very singular in the juicy stem, and quite exceptional in the gills being darker when dry. It cannot be compared with A. hce?natopus. In damp mossy places. Apethorpe. Sept. Name — varix, dilated vein. Full of veins, which yield a bloody juice. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 220. Hym. Eur. p. 469. Icon. t. 174. f. 1. B. fir5 Br. n. 1788. 7. M. fusco-purpureus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (/^_I in.) broad, dark purple when in vigour, becoming pale (tan) when dry, slightly fleshy, at first hemispherical, then plane, obsoletely umbilicate, slightly wrinkled. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, smooth, at first pallid, then rufous or dark purple, sheathed towards the base with strigose, rubiginous down. Gills adnexed in the form of a ring, then free, distant, narrow, rufescent. Inodorous, juiceless. There are two forms, one larger, solitary, with the stem (longer) decumbent, another smaller, caespitose, with the stem (shorter) tense and straight. In woods, on sticks, &c. Frequent. Aug. Name— fuscus, fuscous ; purpureus, purple. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 220. Hym. Eur. p. 469. Berk. Out. p. 219. C. Hbk. n. 658. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 630. Ag. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 4./. 1-3. 8. M. terginus Fr.— Pileus about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, flesh- colour when moist, whitish when dry, shining, tough, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, margin striate when moist. Stem 5—7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, longitudinally fissile, smooth, shining, and pallid upwards, and 144 AGARICINI. Marasmius. not somewhat pruinate when dried, reddish downwards, white- villous at the rooti?ig base. Gills separating -free, somewhat crowded, narrow, pallid. Inodorous and juiceless, always solitary. Among leaves, beech, &c. Dursley. Nov. Name— tergum, hide, leather. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 221. Hym. Eur. p. 469. Icon. t. 174. /. 4. B. & Br. n. 1361. C. Hbk. n. 661. M. Stephensii Berk. Out. p. 220. ** Stem {at least when dry) everywhere ftruitiato-velvety. 9. M. Wynnei B. & Br. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-ij£ in.) broad, lilac-brown, tardily changing colour, fleshy, convexo-plane, some- what umbonate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (i}£ lin.) thick, fistulose, furfuraceous, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnexed, thick, distant, bright-coloured, beauti- fully tinged with lilac; interstices even. Inodorous. Gregarious or caespitose. The stem springs from a white mycelium, but is by no means strigose or tawny at the base. Quite distinct from M. fusco-purpureus. Among leaves, twigs, &c. Coed Coch. Name — after Mrs Lloyd Wynne. B. & Br. n. 802. Berk. Out. p. 219. t. 19. f. 3. C. Hbk. n. 659. S. My col. Scot. n. 631. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 470. Gon?i. 6" Rab. viii.-ix. t. 8./. 2. 10. M. erythropus Fr.— Pileus about 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, hygrophanous, pale, almost whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, slightly wrinkled when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, firm, tough, round or at length compressed, dark red, smooth above, at the first paler, somewhat pruinate when dry, white- strigose below, internally villous at the sides. Gills separating- free, broad, lax, connected by veins, not crowded, quite entire, whitish. Inodorous, juiceless, single or somewhat casspitose. The pileus varies in colour with the moisture of the atmosphere. It varies with the stem decum- bent, even contorted. In habit it approaches nearest to Ag. (Collybia) con- flue?is and acervatus ; in these, however, the gills are very narrow and very crowded. Among leaves near stumps. Frequent. Pileus pallid, somewhat shaded with pink. M.J.B. Name — epvflpos, red; ttovs, a foot. Red-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 221. Hym. Eur. p. 470. Icon. t. 174./. 2. Berk. Out. p. 220. C. Hbk. n. 660. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 74. MARASMIUS. 145 11. M. archyropus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, tan- Marasmins. colour, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then plane or depressed, smooth. Stem very long, but scarcely 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, rigid, tense and straight, pallid rufesce?it under the white tome?itose pruina which forms an outer covering, similar at the base. Gills adnexed, separating, crowded, linear, pallid. Inodorous. Fasciculato-caespitose. Analogous with M. terginus. The covering of the stem is almost that of M. o?-eades. Among leaves. Rare. Bristol. Name — From the very tall stem. Fr. Hytn. Eur. p. 471. Berk. Out. p. 220. C. Hbk. n. 663. Go?in. & Rab. t. 8. f. 6. Ag. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. p. 135- *. 25./. 4. 12. M. torquescens Quel.— Pileus pallid, disc tawny, mem- branaceous, thin, convexo-plane, rugoso-striate. Stem somewhat filiform, delicately velvety, brown, smooth, and whitish at the apex, twisted and sulcate when dry. Gills free, thin, ventricose, distant, white or reddish. Among oak-leaves. Glamis, 1877. The gills are finely serrulated. In the very young plant, when the pileus is conical, there is a slight indication of a veil. B. & Br. Na.me—torqueo, to twist. From the twisted stem. QuU. p. 198. /. 22./". 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 471. B. dr3 Br. n. 1678. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 632. 13. M. impudicus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (%-~l in-) broad, bay-brown-rufous, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, convex then plane, often depressed in the centre, soft; membranaceous, striato-plicate, and paler from the circumference to the middle. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, but broader in becoming compressed, rooting at the attenuated base, tough, flexile; when moist rufous or rufous-fuscous, sometimes violaceous-purple, naked, but wholly covered over with white villous down (pruinato- velvety) when dry. Gills at first reaching the stem, then free, truncate behind, con- nected by veins, ventricose, at first crowded, then distant, whitish- flesh-colour. Gregarious, odour strong, disgusting, of the same kind as that of M. fastens or perforans, but very heavy. On and about pine-trunks. Hanham. Sept. Name — impudicus, disgusting. Of the odour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 222. Hym. Eur. p. 471. Br. Bath. Trans. 1870, p. 77. B. c^ Br. n. 1789. C. Hbk. 71. 662 VOL. II. K 146 AGARICINI. Marasmius. C. CALOPODES. * Stem very smooth and shining upwards, with a simple base. 14. M. scorodonius Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. {% in.) and more broad, rufous when young, but soon becoming pale, whitish (not hygrophanous), slightly fleshy, pliant, convex then soon plane, obtuse, always arid ; even when young, at length wrinkled and crisped. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, horny, tough, fistulose, equal, very smooth throughout, shining, rufous, inserted and naked at the base. Gills adnate, often separating, connected by veins, at length crisped in drying, whitish. Commonly gregarious. Readily distinguished from neighbouring species by its strong odour of garlic. Heaths and dry pastures on twigs, &c. Rare. Edible ; esteemed for flavouring. Name — oxopSiov, a plant that smells like garlic. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 223. Hym. Eur. p. 472. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 32. Berk. Out. p. 220. C. Hbk. n. 644. Ag. Schcrff. t. 99. Paul. t. 122 bis f. 2, 3. Lenzf. 17. Sv. Dot. t. 173? 15. M. calopus Fr. — Pileus about 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, whitish, slightly fleshy, tough, convex then flattened, obtuse, rarely de- pressed, even, smooth, slightly wrinkled when dried. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 2 mm. (1 liru) thick, fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, even, smooth, tough, Rufous or bay-brown-rufous, shin- ing, somewhat rooted. Gills slightly emarginate, in groups of 2-4, thin, white. Inodorous. Almost smaller than M. scorodonius, but the stem is longer, otherwise very like it. On twigs, &c. Bristol. In ' Hym. Eur.' the stem is described as not rooted. Name — koAo?, beauti- ful ; 77-ov?, a foot. With beautiful stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 223. Hym. Eur. p. 472. B. & Br. u. 1790. Quel. t. 13./. 5. Ag. Pers. — Bull. t. 550./. 1. 16. M. Vaillantii Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. {l/2 in.) and more broad, whitish, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, soon flattened and depressed in the middle, plicato-rugose. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, stuffed, thickened and paler upwards, here and there obso- letely pruinate ; otherwise smooth, date-brown, bright shining, inserted at the base, where it is naked and blackish. Gills adnate, somewhat decurre?it on account of their triangular form, broad, distant, distinct, simple, white. Very remarkable. Inodorous, tough, arid. The pileus is plicate as in the Rotulcs. MARASMIUS. 147 On dead wood. Royal Botanic Garden, Regent's Park. Sept. Marasmius. Perhaps imported. B. & Br. Name — after Vaillant. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 223. Hym. Eur. p. 472. Berk. Out. p. 221. C. Hbk. n. 665. Ag. Fr. Vaill. t. 11. f. 2.i-2.~$. Buxb. iv. t. 36. f. 2. 17. M. angulatus B. & Br. — Pileus fuscous-whitish, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical then flattened, at length plicato- angular. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more long, thin, rufescent- grey, thickened at both ends, hairy at the base. Gills distant, whitish. Very different from M. Vaillantii. On grass. Cefn, Denbighshire, above Bone-cave. Name — angulus, an angle. From the angular pileus. B. &= Br. n. 1018. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 473. Ag. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. p. 155. /. 26. f 3,4. Michel, t. 74. f. 4 {whitish var. ) 18. M. languidus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. {% in.) broad, white, inclining to flesh-colour or light yellow, slightly fleshy, at first convex, margin involute, then more expanded and umbilicate, flocculose, rugoso-sulcate. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 1-2 mm. (J4-1 lin.) thick, stuffed, thickened upwards, naked, pallid, becoming fuscous and commonly white villous at the base. Gills adnate then decurrent, distant, connected by veins, narrow, white. Gregarious, tough, pliant, inodorous, especially remarkable for its decurrent gills. Its appearance is that of Agaric us. On dead leaves of grass. Coed Coch. Name — langueo, to be weak, languid. Limp and tough as opposed to brittle. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 224. Hym. Eur. p. 473. B. & Br. 11. 1017. C. Hbk. n. 667. Ag. Lasch — Batt. t. 27. f. O. ** Stem velvety or priunate, with a somewhat tubercular base. 19. M. fcetidus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. {% in.) broad, bay-brown- tazvny, membranaceous, somewhat pellucid, pliant, convex then expanded, at length umbilicate, striato-plicate. Stem scarcely reaching 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, 1 m. {% lin.) thick, homy, Jistu lose, equal, date-brown, and everywhere velvety, inserted with a very small floccose tubercle at the base. Gills adnexed in the form of a ring, somewhat decurrent when the disc is depressed, distant, connected by veins, yellowish-rufesccnt. Odour foetid. There is another form differing in the colour being wholly umber, and in the absence of the villous tubercle at the base. This and the other' plicate species differ from the RotulcB in the mycelium not being rhizo- morphcid, and in the margin of the pileus being at first somewhat involute. 148 AGARICINI. Marasmus. On decayed twigs, &c. Rare. Aug-Nov. Name—fcetidus, stinking. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 224. Hym. Eur. p. 473. Berk. Out. p. 221. C. Hbk. n. 668. S. My col. Scot. n. 633. Ag. Sozv. t. 21. 20. M. amadelphus Fr.— Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, pale yellowish, becoming pale, sometimes whitish, fleshy -membrana- ceous, convex then plane, always obtuse, at length depressed at the darker disc, somewhat pruinose, even, at length striate only at the margin. Stem curt, 12 mm. (}4 in.) long, scarcely reaching 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, somewhat mealy, pallid, com- monly inserted with an obsolete tubercle. Gills adnate, some- what decurrent, broad, distant, pallid. Gregarious, arid, inodorous. In a var. in fir woods the gills are still more distant, swollen in the form of veins, at length separating, rufescent-wood- colour (pallid umber) ; pileus thinner, whitish. On dead branches, &c. Rare. Sept. Name— aju, aSeA$6s, brother. From its relation to M. ramealis next to which Fries placed it, though differing in some respects from the group. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 225. Hym. Eur. p. 474. Berk. Out. p. 221. C. Hbk. 669. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 634. Ag. Bull. t. 550./ 3. 21. M. ramealis Fr. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, white, rufescent at the disc, somewhat fleshy, firm, convex then plane, obtuse or depressed in the centre; slightly wrinkled, but without stria?. Stem 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, stuffed, but commonly with a white line in the centre indi- cating that it is typically fistulose, often incurved, mealy (or with hairy squamules under a lens), whitish, or rufescent at the base, inserted when young at least with a very small tubercle. Gills adnate, connected behind, slightly distant, narrow, white. Gregarious, arid, inodorous. On dead twigs. Common. Sept.-Nov. Under a lens clothed with minute matted silkiness. M.J.B. Name — ramus, a branch. Growing on twigs. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 225. Hym. Eur. p. 474. Berk. Out. p. 221. C. Hbk. n. 670. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 635. Ag. Bull. t. 336. Mich. t. 74. /. 7. II.— MYCENA. A. Chordales. 22. M. alliaceus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (\-\yi in.) broad, whitish inclining to fuscous, often milk-white when young, some- what membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, somewhat umbonate, even, at length striate and sulcate, smooth, drv. Stem MARASMIUS. 149 as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, homy, rigid, fistulose, attenuated Marasmius. upwards, pruinato-velvety, blackish, rooted at the base where it is somewhat incurved and naked. Gills adnexed in the form of a ring then free, slightly ventricose, arid, slightly distant, fuscous- whitish, crisped when dry. Odour strong, of garlic, persistent. Thei-e is nothing of a reddish tinge in the whole plant. The stem is not tomentose at the base as in the Tergini. Among leaves and on rotten wood. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Name — allium, garlic. From the smell. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 475. Berk. Out. p. 223. C. Hbk. u. 671. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 636. Ag. Jacq. Austr. t. 82. Fl. Dan. t. 1251. Mich. Gen. t. 78./. 4. Paul. t. 122./ 1. 23. M. caulicinalis Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. {% in.) and more broad, dingy yellow becoming ferruginous, then ochraceous, membranaceous, thin, pliant, campanulate then convex, obtuse, at length plane, never umbilicate, even then striato-sulcate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, fistulose with a pith, rigid, tough, floccoso-villous and bay-brown below, attenuated, paler and mealy upwards, somewhat inserted at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat distant, connected by a network of veins, pallid light yellow. It differs widely from Ag. campanella, with which it agrees in stature and habit. A. caulicinalis Bull, is entirely different. Among leaves. Rare. Nov. It occurs paler in colour. Spores 4-5 x 2-3 mk. B. Name — caulis, a stalk, stem. Growing on stems. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 227. Hym. Eur. p. 476. B. &= Br. 11. 1136. C. Hbk. n. 672. S. Mycol. Scot. u. 637. Ag. With. — Sow. t. 163. B. ROTUL^E. * Stem very smooth, shining. 24. M. rotula Fr. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, whitish, unicolorous, or with the umbilicus becoming fuscous, arid, mem- branaceous, slightly convex, umbilicate, plicate, undulato-crenu- lated at the margin. Stem variable in length, horny y fistulose, equal, shining, very smooth, blackish, manifestly striate when dry. Gills adnate behi?ui to a collar encircling the stem but removed from it, broad, few (often equal), very distant, white. Gregarious, often ceespitose, with root-like branchlets. On dead twigs. Common. July-Nov. Stem deep shining brown at the base. M.J.B. Name — rota, a wheel. Like a little wheel. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 229. Hym. Eur. p. 477. Berk. Out. p. 222. /. 14./ 7. C. Hbk. u. 673. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 638. Conn. &° 150 AGARICINI. Marasmius. Rab. t. 8./. 8. Ag. Scop.— Souk t. 95. Bull. t. 64, 569./. 3. Fl. Dan. t. 1 134. Mich. t. 74./. 5. 25. M. graminum Berk. — Pileus scarcely exceeding 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, very pale rufous, the furrows paler, umbo brown, nearly plane, nmbonate, sulcate. Stem quite smooth, shining, black, white above. Gills attached to a free collar, few, somewhat ventricose, even, with veiny interstices, cream-coloured. A most elegant species, and quite distinct from M. rotula. On grass. Uncommon. July-Sept. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) and more long. Gills 6-8 only. Fr. Name—gramen, grass. On grass. Berk. Out. p. 222. t. 14./. 8. C. Hbk. n. 674. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 639. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 477. Ag. Lib. cxs. 119. 26. M. androsaceus Fr.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, whitish or somewhat fuscous, membranaceous, arid, somewhat umbilicate, smooth, striate. Stem 4 cent. (i}4 in.) and more long, filiform, horny, fistulose, very tough, equal, very smooth, black, contorted and striate when dry. Gills adnate to the stem (without a collar), simple, distinct, distant, whitish. There are two forms : on deciduous leaves the pileus is whitish, deeply umbilicate, plicate, the mycelium (on oak-leaves) creeping within the sub- stance of the leaf; on perennial leaves (Pinus silvestris, Juniper, here and there on bark) the pileus is scarcely umbilicate, more even, somewhat fuscous, and the mycelium commonly free. On leaves, twigs, &c. Common. April-No v. The umbilicus is darker. Name — a?idrosaces, a zoophyte : madrepora acetabulum Linn. Perhaps from its form. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 229. Hym. Eur. p. 477. Berk. Out. p. 222. C. Hbk. n. 675. 5'. Mycol. Scot.' v. 640. Ag. Linn. — Fl. Dan. t. 1551. f. 1. Bolt. t. 32. Sozv. t. 94. Bull. t. 569. f. 2. Bocc. Mas. t. 104. 27. M. splachnoides Fr.— Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex then expanded and umbilicate, smooth, striate. Stem horny, fistulose, smooth, shining, red ("becoming fuscous"). Gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, simple and anastomosing, white. Inodorous. Allied most closely to M. androsaceus ; differing however in the red stem, and somewhat decurrent, more crowded gills. Among pine-leaves. Cabalva, Foxley. Oct. By an error in 'Hym. Eur.' it is represented as being of the habit of M. perforans. See ' Epicr.' and 'Monogr.' Name — splachnum, a moss (m. Eur. p. 478. Berk. Out. p. 223. C. Hbk. n. 678. S. Mycol. Scot. n. '643. B. &> Br. n. 708*. t. 15. f. 3 (spores). Sow. t. 164. 32. M. epichloe Fr. — Pileus whitish, bay-brown-fuscous in the centre, thin, plano-convex, somewhat papillate, without striae. Stem bay-brown, opaque, sulcato-striate, the stria? slightly bristly, paler at the base. Gills rounded, somewhat crowded, broader behind. On the base of grasses. Hereford. Name-em, upon ; x^l. grass. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 479. B. & Br. 11. 1566. M. gramineus Leveill. 33. M. saccharinus Fr. — Pileus wholly white, membranaceous, convex, somewhat papillate, smooth, silicate and plicate. Stem very thin, filiform or attenuated upwards, flocculose then becom- ing smooth, inserted obliquely, reddish, pale at the apex. Gills broadly adnate, narrow, thick, very distant, reticidato- united, whitish. Stem often rufous-fuscous below. Tending more to the form of Mycena than the rest. On dead twigs. Rare. King's Cliffe, &c. Name—sacckaron, sugar. Granulate. From the papillate pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 479. Monogr. ii. p. 231. Berk. Out. p. 224. B. 6f Br. n. I793- C- Hbk. ?i. 680. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 644. Ag. Batsch f. 83. 34. M. epiphyllus Fr. — Pileus 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) broad, milk-white, membranaceous, very thin, convex then plane, at length umbilicate, smooth, at length plicato-rugose. Stem 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) long, very thin, somewhat horny, fistulose, equal, velvety under a lens, date-brown, whitish at the apex, inserted without mycelium at the base. Gills adnate, few (4-10), very distant, entire, veined, branched, white. Gregarious, very slender but persistent, inodorous. When dried it revives with moisture. Sometimes there are only wrinkles in place of gills. Batt. t. 28. D. Batsch f. 84 (very young). It occurs also wholly even beneath. Pers. Ic. 6s descr. t. 9. /. 7. LENTINUS. r53 On dead leaves, twigs, &c. Common. Sept.-Oct. Marasmius. In large specimens the gills form a close collar round the stem, margin of the collar cream-coloured. M.J.B. Name — «rt, upon ; v\\ov, a leaf. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 231. Hym. Eur. p. 479. Berk. Out. p. 224. C. Hbk. n. 679. S. My col. Scot. 11. 645. Ag. Tratt. Austr.f. 22. Fl. Dan. t. 1194. f. 1. Sow. t. 93. III.— APUS. 35. M. spodoleucus Berk. — Fileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, cinere- ous, pulverulent or slightly furfuraceous, conchate, resupinate, margin free, arched. Stem none. Hymenium white, very even. Gills few, narrow, entire, so short as to have a naked space at the base, white, interstices even. On dead elm-twigs. Batheaston. Spores very small, 1-2 mk. W.G.S. Name — anoSos, wood-ash; AevKo?, white. From the cinereous pileus and white hymenium and gills. B. dr3 Br. n. 803. Berk. Out. p. 224. C. Hbk. u. 681. 36. M. Broomei Berk. — Half-resupinate. Pallid brown then striate black ; hymenium shining white. Gills distant, veined ; interstices even. On dead twigs. Batheaston. Jan. Name — after C. E. Broome. B. & Br. n. 1795. Genus XV. — Lentinus {le?itus, tough or pliant). Fr. Epicr. p. 387. Lentinus. Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, pliant, or in fleshy species becoming hard when old, persistent. Hymen- ophore continuous with the stem or the base of the pileus when ses- sile. Gills concrete with the hy- menophore, thin, unequal, membran- aceous, with the edge serrated or torn in a toothed ma7iner. Spores somewhat round, even, white. With the exception of o?ie species, grow- ing on wood, polymorplions, some- what irregular, very ?iumerous in warmer countries, decreasing in num- ber and not becoming so hard to- wards the ?iorth. Fr. Hym. Eur. P' 4o°- uv. Lentinus cochleatus. One- A very natural, though very poly- fourth natural size. 154 AGARICINI. Lentinus. morphic genus. The serrated or torn edge of the gills is a dis- tinctive feature. I. Mesopodes (/ne<7o<>, middle ; ttovs, a foot). Pileus nearly entire. Stem distinct. * Lepidei (kenk, a scale). Pileus scaly. More or less manifestly veiled. (In none of the following groups is there a veil.) ** Pulverulenti (pulvis, dust). Pilem villous or pulverulent. *** Cochleati {cochlea, a snail-shell, lobed and twisted in shape). Pileus smooth. II. Pleuroti (n\evp6v, a side ; ov?, an ear). Dimidiate, sessile or furnished with a somewhat lateral stem. I.— Mesopodes. * Lepidei. Pileus scaly, Q^c. 1. L. tigrinus Fr.— Pileus commonly 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white, variegated with somewhat adpressed, blackish, hairy squamiries, fleshy-coriaceous, thin, commonly orbicular and cen- tral, at first convexo-plane, umbilicate, at le?igth infundibuliform, often split at the margin when dry. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, thin, solid, very hard, commonly attenuated downwards, minutely squamulose, whitish, often ascending and becoming fuscous at the base, at first furnished at the apex with an e?itire reflexed ring, which soon falls off. Gills decurrent {by no means sinuate), narrow, crowded, unequal, toothed like a saw, white. Somewhat gregarious, even casspitose, thinner and more coriaceous and regular than L. lepideus. B. wholly blackish with squamules. On old stumps. Rare. When fresh very tender and easily torn, when dry coriaceous. Sow. Smell strong, acrid, like that of some Lactarii. M.J.B. Spores 3x7 mk. W.G.S. Name — tigrinus, tiger-like. From the marking on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 233. Hym. Eur. p. 481. Berk. Out. p. 224. C. Hbk. n. 682. Ag. Bull. t. 70. Sow. t. 68. Batt. t. 12./ B-D. * L. Dunalii Fr. — Pileus pallid, with adpressed, separating, spot-like scales, fleshy- coriaceous, thin, umbilicate, irregularly shaped. Stem short, somewhat silky. Gills decurrent, crowded, pallid. When the scales separate the pileus is even. Veil scarcely manifest. Very much allied to L. tigrinus. On ash-trees. Rare. Casspitose. Pileus 2 in. broad, margin deflexed, sometimes variously split and sinuated, yellow-white, with brownish rather close scales, margin nearly smooth : gills dichotomous, crenate. Stem 1 in. high, 3 lin. thick, tough, the lower part clothed with dark, nearly square, adpressed scales, the upper half not scaly, white, resembling the under side of white kid leather. Odour sub- LENTINUS. T55 acid, farinaceous. M.J.B. Name — after Dunal. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 481. Lentinus. Berk. Out. p. 225. /. 15./. 2. C. Hbk. n. 683. Batt. t. 12. A. 2. L. lepideus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pallid- ochraceous, variegated with adpressed, darker, spot-like scales, fleshy, very compact and firm, irregular, commonly excentric, convex then depressed, but not truly umbilicate, sometimes broken up into cracks ; flesh pliant, white. Stem short, com- monly 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, solid, stout, very irregularly formed, almost woody, tomentoso-scaly, whitish, rooted at the base, at the first furnished with a corti7ia towards the apex. Gills decurrent, but sinuate behind, crowded, broad, transversely striate, whitish, edge torn into teeth. Odour pleasant. Almost always solitary ; earlier than the rest, often ap- pearing quite in spring. Very variable in stature and size. Cortina very fugacious. Gills very remarkable in being sinuate behind while decurrent. Often pierced by larvae when old. Sow. t. 382 is a monstrous form of this. On pine. Rare. July. Fries refers to various monstrous forms found in close places, cellars, aque- ducts, &c. I have one such from under a floor ; more than 2 feet in height, the very thick woody stem springing from a dense leathery stratum, which covered yards of the wood, then branched and united in fantastic forms, like branched coral, with here and there a small infundibuliform pileus on the end of a branch. Spores very white. Fr. ; 11x5 mk. W.G.S. Name — \eni<;, a scale. From the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 233. Hym. Eur. p. 481. Berk. Out. p. 225. C. Hbk. n. 684. S. My col. Scot. n. 646. Ag. Schceff. t. 29, 30. Buxb. C. iv. /. 25. **■ Pulverulent. Pileus villous or pulverulent. 3. L. leontopodius Schulz. — Pileus tan -clay -colour, fleshy- coriaceous, tough, irregular, delicately to?ne?itose, disc depressed, the deflexed margin slightly lobed. Stem thick, woody, un- polished, pulverulent, pale chestnut, blackish downwards. Gills decurrent, connected by veins, wrinkled at the sides, serrated at the edge. Large, handsome, with a pleasant taste. Pileus here and there cinnamon with the down. On decayed willow. Menmuir, Forfarshire. Name — AeW, a lion ; 7rov?, a foot. From the appearance of the stem. Schulz. — Kalchbr. in litt. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 482. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 647. 4. L. pulverulentus Fr. — Pileus yellow, mealy with white dust, fleshy-pliant, convex. Stem stout, elongated, equal, rigid, mealy with white dust. Gills slightly toothed, white. Caespitose. 156 AGARICINI. Lentinus. On dead trunks. Glamis, 1875. Oct. Tufted, at first infundibuhform, then lateral flabelliform, fuliginous, fioccoso- pulverulent, with little umber particles ; stem elongated, at length smooth ; gills thick, pallid, deeply decurrent, their edge crenulate but not torn. Pileus 2 inches across, stem 3 inches high. B. & Br. Name—pulvzs, dust. Pul- verulent. Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 483. B. & Br. n. 1567. S. My col. Scot. n. 648. Ag. Scop. Cam. p. 434. * L. resinaceus Fr. — Pileus ochraceous-cinnamon, somewhat fleshy, pliant, excentric, somewhat gummy-villous. Stem unequal, tomentose. Gills crowded, serrated, shining white. Somewhat caespitose. Covered with a dry, tenacious, somewhat resinous gluten arising from the quasi-glandular villous down. On trunks. Forres. Name — resina, resin. From the resinous covering. Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 483. B. & Br. 7i. 1283. S. Mycol. Scot. u. 649. Ag. Trog. Fl. 1832. p. 525. 5. L. adhserens Fr. — Pileus dingy pallid, somewhat fleshy, pliant, irregular, convexo-umbonate then depressed and infundi- buliform, lacunose, somewhat pulverulent, coated with a glutin- ous varnish. Stem somewhat hollow, rooted, of the same colour as the pileus and like it coated with a glutinous varnish. Gills decurrent in lines, very thin, torn, white. Small, unequal, taste at length astringent. In pine woods. Rare. Name — ad, and hcereo, to stick. From the glutinous varnish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 483. C. Hbk. 71. 685. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 649. Ag. A. &■= S. — A. adhaesivus With. *** Cochleati. Pileus smooth. 6. L. cochleatus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, flesh- colour, but becoming pale, somewhat tan, fleshy-pliant, thin, commonly excentric, imbricated, very unequal, somewhat lobed or contorted, sometimes plane, sometimes infundibuliform-umbi- licate, but not pervious, smooth. Stem solid, firm, sometimes central, most frequently excentric, sometimes wholly lateral, always sulcate, smooth, flesh-coloured upwards, rufous-fuscous downwards. Gills decurrent, crowded, serrated, white -flesh- colour. Pliant, tough, flaccid, very changeable in form, sometimes solitary, some- times caespitose, imbricated, growing into each other. From very small forms, which are commonly solitary, with the stem and pileus scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) it ranges to 7.5 cent. (3 in.) On stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. LENTINUS. 157 According to Fries the odour is weak, of anise ; but it is generally strong Lentinus. and very pleasant. Spores sphaeroid or ellipsoid-sphaeroid, uniguttate, 4-6 mk. K. ; almost globular, 4 mk. IV.G.S. Name — cochlea, a snail-shell. From the shape. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 235. Hym. Eur. p. 484. Berk. Out. p. 226. t. 19./. 4. C. Hbk. n. 686. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 650. Price t. 125. Ag. Sow. t. 168. II. — Pleuroti. Dimidiate, &c. 7. L. scoticus B. & Br.— Pileus 1-4 cent. (K-J>2 m-) broad, pallid, at length brownish, hygrophanous, umbilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, at length flattened ; extremely variable in form, either quite stemless and reniform, or variously stipitate, lobed at the margin and sinuate, or plicate. Stem when present vary- ing from 4 mm. (2 lin.) to 5 cent. (2 in.) long, cyli?idrical, darker, pulverulent, springing from a brown, jibrillose mycelium. Gills decurrent when the stem is developed, rather distant, strongly toothed. Solitary or caespitose ; sometimes 2 pilei are joined. Inodorous, or at any rate without any odour of aniseed. The nearest ally to this curious species is L. omphalodes. On decayed ulex, birch and spruce. Menmuir. Glamis. Nov.-Jan. The teeth of the gills are very irregularly torn. Name— Scottish. B. er3 Br. n. 1423. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 651. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 485. 8. L. fimbriatus Curr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- {lA~l in.) broad, fawn- colour, covered with darker floccose scales, somewhat dimidiate, somewhat coriaceous, thin (not fleshy), depressed, sometimes very much so and almost cyathiform, margin slightly involute, almost strigose. Stem yi-ji in. long, lateral, rough with some- what reflexed scales of the same colour as the gills, or rather paler. Gills descending, but not decurrent, irregularly serrated and torn at the margin, pale brown. In young specimens a delicate white fimbriate collar or fringe (the remains of the ruptured veil) separates the gills from the stem. Pilei two or three together, one above another in an imbricated manner. Some of the pilei tinged here and there with pink stains. On a stump standing in a pond. Lewes. Sept. ~Sn.me—Jimbrice, fringe. From the fimbriate collar. Currey in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiv. p. 152. t. 25./. 2. C. Hbk. n. 688. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 485. 9. L. vulpinus Fr. Sessile, many times imbricated. — Pilei tan, fleshy, very pliant, rcniform-conchate, very convex, margin deflexed and almost perpendicular, hence concave beneath ; sur- face wholly peculiar, with raised longitudinal ribs, which are 158 AGARICINI. Lentinus. broken up into scales or fibrous teeth towards the margin, hence entirely rough and corrugated, and white-warty behind. Gills extended to the base, broad, crowded, torn into teeth. Pilei like steps of a ladder (the intermediate ones largest, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad), horizontal, connate behind in a dense cluster, the common base pierc- ing the trunks of trees. Substance white. Margin thin, incurved, becoming fuscous in older specimens. When dry the pileus often gapes open in longi- tudinal cracks. The gills at the base are concrete with the substance of the pileus. It sheds very plentiful, white spores, hence the clusters when old are very white-mealy. On stumps. Rare. Smell very strong and overpowering, somewhat resembling that of field mint. M.y.B. Spores almost globular, very small, 2 ink. IV.G.S. Name — vulpes, a fox ; foxy. Meaning obscure. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 238. Hym. Ear. p. 486. Icon. t. 176./. 1. Berk. Out. p. 226. C. Hbk. n. 687. Sow. t. 35i- 10. L. flabelliformis Fr. Somewhat sessile. — Pileus not ex- ceeding 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, pallid faw?i-colour, membrana- ceous, pliant, reiiiforjn, plane, even, smooth, margin fimbriato- toothed. Stem commonly rudimentary, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) long. Gills broad, somewhat distant, rather thick, pallid or whitish, torn into teeth at the edge. Commonly exactly lateral with a rudimentary stem ; much smaller and thinner than any of the rest, at length crisped. Var. hcrbarum very small, the membranaceous pileus becoming pale. On stumps. Rare. Perhaps Bolton's plant may be only Ag. salignus. M.J.B. Name—; flabel- lum, a small fan ; forma, form. From the shape. Fr. Mrnogr. ii. p. 239. Hym. Eur. p. 487. Berk. Out. p. 226. C. Hbk. n. 689. Ag. Bolt. t. 157 ? Panus Genus XVI. — Panus (a name given to an arboreal fungus by Pliny.) Fr. Epicr. p. 396. Whole fungus fleshy-coriaceous, tough, drying up, of fibrous texture, which radiates into the hymenium. Gills concrete with the hymenophore, unequal, at length coriaceous, edge quite entire. Spores even, white, somewhat cylindrical in species which have been examined. Growing on wood, various i?iform, lasting long. A genus which must be inserted in this series on account of its flesh which is pliant and somewhat coriaceous (even in the gills), allied to the Lentini, but differing from them in the firmer, coriaceous and very entire gills. Either poisonous, or owing to the toughness of the substance not suitable for eating. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 487. PAN US. 159 * P ileus irregular, stem ex centric. ** Stem definitely lateral. *** Pileus resupinate, sessile or extended behind. Panus. * Pileus irregular, stem excentric. 1. P. conchatus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, cin- namon then becoming pale, fleshy-pliant, thin, unequal, excentric, even dimidiate, Jlaccid, squamulose when old. Stem about 12 mm. (}4 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, un- equal, often compressed, pubescent at the base. Gills deeply decurrent in parallel lines, by no means anasto- mosing, but here and there branched and unequal, at first whitish or pale flesh-colour, at length ochraceous- wood-colour, crisped when dry. Caespitose, often imbricated and grow- ing into each other. No form is constant. So much allied to P. torulosus that the real difference is not apparent. It is thinner, more conchate and more lobed than that species. On trunks. Rare. June-Oct. L V. Pan?is tondosus. One-fourth natural size. Name-««c/i(?, a shell. Shell-shaped. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 240. Hym. Eur. p. 488. Berk. Out. p. 227. C. Hbk. n. 691. -S. Mycol. Scot. n. 652. Krombh. t. 42./. 1, 2. Schccff. t. 43, 44. Bull. t. 298, 517./. O. P. 2. P. torulosus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, some- what flesh-colour, but varying rufescent - livid and becoming violet, entire, but very excentric, fleshy, somewhat compact when young, plano-infundibuliform, even, smooth ; flesh pallid. Stem short, commonly 2.5 cent. (1 in.), solid, oblique, tough, firm, com- monly with grey, but often violaceous down. Gills decurrent, somewhat distant, simple, separate behind, reddish then tan- colour. Very changeable in form, at first fleshy-pliant, at length coriaceous. In the covering of the stem it approaches Paxillus atro-tomentosus, but there is no affinity between them. On old stumps. Frequent. Spores 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Name—torulus, a tuft of hair. From the hairy down on the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 240. Hym. Eur. p. 489. Berk. Out. p. Br. n. Genus XVI I.— Xerotus (frpos, dry; otis, an ear). Xerotus. Fr. Elench. i. p. 48. Hymenophore continuous with the stem, descending into the trama which is homogeneous with the coriaceous pilens. Gills coriaceous, broadly plicaeform, di- chotomous, edge quite entire, ob- tuse. Rigid, persistent, analogous with the Cantharelli, but differiiig in the whole structure. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 491. 1. X. degener Fr.— Pileus date- brown-grey when moist, when dry grey, somewhat zoned, coriaceo-mem- branaceous, very thin, but very tough, plano-infundibuliform, striate when moist, flocculose when dry. Stem not 2.5 cent. (1 in.), often only 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) long, 2 mm. (1 lin.) thick, very tough, solid or floccoso- stuffed at the apex, equal, fuscous, somewhat white-velvety. Gills decurrent, few, very distant, when rightly developed thin, rather broad, whitish-grey, edge acute, flaccid. When dry the pileus is zoneless in smaller specimens. When the gills are less fully developed, they resemble the ribs of Cladoderris, the edge being very obtuse. They vary, sometimes all equal, simple, sometimes simply dichoto- mous, with shorter alternate ones. They are the most widely distant of any of the species of Agaricini. On peaty soil among short grass. Glamis, Warren, 1877. Jan. This extremely rare species has hitherto been recorded as British by Sowerby only. My specimens, in the opinion of Berkeley were nearest Sclucff. t. 243. Spores elliptical, irregular, 8-12x4-6 mk. B. Name — degener, degenerat.'. Fr. Monogr. ii. />. 243. Hym. Ear. />. 491. Berk. Out. p. 227. C. Hbk. //. 693. S. Mycol. Scot. >i. 657. Ag. Schccff. t. 243. A. turfosus Sow. t. 210. LVI. Xerotus degener. half natural size. One- VOL. II. 162 AGARICINI. Trogia. Genus XVIII. -Trogia (after Trog, a Swiss botanist). Fr. Epicr. p. 402. Gills fold -like, edge longitudinally channelled (in the single European species only crisped). In other respects agreeing with Xerotus. Soft, flaccid, but arid a?td persistent, texture Jibrillose. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 491. Reviving when wet. Spores white. 1. T. crispa Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (/^-i in.), light yellow-rufescent behind, whitish at the margin, sessile with or without a vertical stem, then reflexed, horizontal, very irregular- ly shaped, lobed, delicately villous. Gills in the form of veins, dichoto- uwus, narrow, crisped, very much swollen, edge very obtuse but not channelled, whitish or bluish-grey. Substance and texture as described in the generic characters. Very grega- rious, commonly imbricated. When young pezizoid or cup-shaped. On logs, birch, &c. Uncommon. Oct. -Nov. It occurs almost white. Spores elongated or cylindrical, 4x1 mk. K. Name — crispus, crisped or curled. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 244. Hym. Eur. p. 492. C. Hbk. n. 694. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 658. Merulius Pers. Ic. descr. i. 8./. 7. Cantharellus Fl. Dan. t. 1759. B. £~ Br. ?i. 1135. LVII. Trogia crispa. Natural size. Schizophyl- lum. Genus XIX.— Schizophyllum (?, colour). Tubes bright-coloured, com- monly yellow, not white or grey. A. Viscipelles (viscum, bird-lime ; pellis, a skin). Pileus covered over with a viscous pellicle. Stem solid, not bulbous, nor reticulated with veins. Tubes adnate to the stem behind, rarely sinuate, of one colour. Spores of such as are sufficiently well known yellowish. * Genuini, forming a continuous series. ** Departing from the type, of doubtful affinity. B. Subtomentosi {sub, tomentum, down). Pile?is destitute of a viscid pellicle, villous when young, rarely at length beco?ning smooth. Stem at the first extended, not bulbous, nor reticulated with veins, though here and there rugose or striate. Flesh rarely changing colour. Tubes of one colour, adnate. C. Subpruinosi (sub, pruina, hoar-frost). Tubes adnate to the stem, yellowish. Stem equal, even, not bulbous nor reticulated. Pileus smooth, but most frequently pruinose. D. Calopodes (/caAds, beautiful ; novs, a foot). Stem stout, at the first bulbous, in typical species reticulated with veins. Tubes adnate, pores not reddish. * Genuini. Stem reticulated with veins, commonly of a beautiful red. ** Departing from the type, of uncertain affinity. Stem ciavate, even. E. Edules (edulis, edible). Stratum of tubes, which at the first are not reddish at the oi'ifice, but have usually a white stuffing, rounded and depressed about the stem, somewhat free. Stem stout, bulbous, resembling that of the Luridi, only (except in B. edulis) it is neither reticulated, nor dotted with small scales, nor red. Flesh scarcely changing colour, taste pleasant. Pre- eminent for their esculent qualities. F. Luridi (luridus, lurid). Stratum of tubes rounded towards the stem and free ; pores at the first stopped tip, red. Pileus compact, then soft, pulvinate ; flesh juicy, changing colour. Stem stout, at first curt, bulb-shaped, then elongated and nearly equal, somewhat reticulated or dotted. Growing chiefly in deciduous woods. Very poisonous. Ser. II. Tephroleuci {t^?o%, ash-coloured ; Aev*6?, white). Tubes at first white or grey. G. Favosi (favus, honeycomb. From the size and shape of the tubes). Tubes large, angular, unequal, adnate to the stem, but often shortened around it, not however forming a roundedly-free stratum. Spores, as far as known, brown. H. Versipelles (verto, to change ; pellis, a skin. From the typical species B. versipellis). Tubes minute, round, equal, crowded together in a convex stratum, which is free from the stem. Spores ferruginous. I. Hyperhodii (vn6, somewhat; poSov, a rose. From the colour of the spores). Tubes adnate to the stem, whitish ; spores rosy then white-flesh- colour. K. Cariosi {caries, rottenness). Stem externally never reticulated, in- ternally stuffed with a spongy pith, at length commonly hollowed out. lubes 1 68 POLVPOREI. Boletus. at the first white, then often light yellowish ; pores minute, round. Spores white. Subg. I. Gyrodon Opatowski (yvpos, a circle ; oSov?, a tooth). Pores sinuous or gyroso-plicate ; tubes very short, scarcely 2 mm. (1 lin.) long, slightly adnate to the hymenophore. Subg. II. Boletinus Kalchbr. Enum. p. 286. (From Boletus to denote its relation to that genus.) " Hymenophore not even as in the true Boleti, but with projecting points which descend like a trama between the tubes." Stem annulate. Ser. I. Euchroi. Tubes bright-coloured, Sec. A. Viscipelles. Pileus covered over with a 7'iscoiis pellicle, &*c. * Genuini, forming a continuous series. 1. B. luteus Linn. — Pileus about 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, yellowish, smeared with fuscous separating gluten, gibbous then pulvinate ; flesh white. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. XYz in.) and more thick, equal, firm, whitish, rough with dots and light yellowish above the large, membranaceous, white-fuscous rmg. Tubes adnate ; pores minute, simple, yellow. The pileus becomes paler and virgate-spotted when the gluten separates. In pine woods. Common. July-Nov. Edible and highly esteemed like other Boleti. The flesh is very tender. The tubes should be scraped away from all the species before being cooked. Spores spindle-shaped, yellowish-brown, 8x3 mk. W.G.S.; 6-8x3 mk. A'. Name— luteus, yellow. Linn. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 497. Syst. Myc. i. p. 386. Sv. titl. Sv. t. 22. Berk. Out. p. 229. C. Hbk. n. 700. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 663. Schceff. t. 114. Ft. Dan. t. 1135. Rostk. Sturm. 4. /. 1. AY. Ft. Bor. t. 377. Barla t. 31./ 1-3. Harz. t. 6. Gonn. & Rab. vii. t. 6./. 2 and t. 4. — Krombh. t. 33. 2. B. elegans Schum. — Pileus golden or inclining to ferru- ginous, convexo-plane, viscous; flesh light yellowish. Stem firm, unequal, golden then rufescent, dotted above the white then light yellowish, fugacious ring. Tubes decurrent ; pores minute, simple, golden-sulphur-yellow. Gills at length darker. In woods, especially larch. Common. June-Oct. About the size of B. luteus. Name — elegans, elegant. Schum. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 497. Sv. ail. Sv. t. 76. Berk. Out. p. 229. C. Hbk. n. 701. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 664. Hussey ii. /. 12. Gonn. & Rab. t. 5. /. 2. Price f. no. Grev. t. 183. Ventur. t. 47. /. 1, 2. Bull. t. 332. Krombh. t. 34. /. I-JO. 3. B. flavus With.— Pileus light yellow with fuscous separating BOLETUS. 169 gluten, pulvinate, compact. Stem yellow becoming- fuscous, Boletus. reticulated above the dirty light yellow, membranaceous, fuga- cious ring. Tubes adnate; pores angular, yellow. Firm. Distinguished from B. luteus, which is like it, by the larger angular pores. In mixed woods. Common. June-Oct. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12-18 mm. (6-9 lin.) thick. Spores spindle-shaped, yellowish-brown, 8x4 mk. U'.G.S. ytame—Jlavus, light yellow. With.—Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 497. Berk. Out. p. 230. C. Hbk. u. 702. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 665. Bolt. t. 169. Sow. t. 265. Kl. Linn. vii. t. 198. 4. B. flavidus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in0 broad, livid- light-yellowish, gibbous then plane, viscous ; flesh pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, some- what equal, pallid, sprinkled with fugacious glandules above the entirely, viscous ring. Tubes decurrent ; pores large, angular, compound, dirty light yellow. Thin. Quite distinct from its allies, more slender, and differing from all of them in the veil, which is entirely glutinous. In pine woods. Rannoch. Sept. Spores elongato-ellipsoid, straight, subhyaline, 8-10x3.5-4 mk. K. Name —flavidus, light yellowish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 498. Syst. Myc. i. p. 387. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 666. — Pcrs. Myc. Eur. 2. t. 20. /. 1-3. Kroiubh. t. 4. / 35-37- 5. B. collinitus Fr. — Pileus becoming pale when the fuscous gluten separates, pulvinate, even ; flesh white. Stem firm, at- tenuated downwards, ringless, white becoming fuscous, somewhat reticulated with adpressed squamules. Tubes adnate, elongated ; pores divided in two, pallid then yellow, naked. It resembles B. luteus in stature and colour. In fir woods. Ascot. Nov. Name — colliuo, to besmear. From the gluten. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 498. B. & Br. n. 1284. — Krombh. t. 76./. 10, 11? 6. B. granulatus Linn.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuscous ferruginous with the gluten with which it is smeared, yellowish when the gluten separates, convexo-expanded ; flesh light yellowish. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, ringless, light yellowish, dotted with granules upwards. Tubes adnate, short; pores simple, granulated. Commonly gregarious. The stem is often attenuated upwards. 5 170 POLYPOREI. Boletus. In woods. Rare. July-Sept. Orifices of tubes at first dripping with a milky fluid. M.J.B. This dries in the form of sugary granules. Edible. Spores spindle-shaped, yellowish- orange, 8x3 mk. W.G.S.; oblong, 8-10x3 mk. K. N axne— granula, a granule. Granulated. Linn. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. ^cfo. Syst. Myc. \.p. 387. Sv. iitl. Sv. t. 23. Berk, Out. p. 230. C. Hbk. n. 704. S. My col. Scot. n. 667. Lenz f. 31. Letcll. t. 604. Barla t. 31. f. 4-12. Rostk. t. 3. Gonn. 6° Rab. vii. t. 6. f. 1. — Schcrff. t. 123. Krombh. t. 34./. n-14. Sow. t. 420. 7. B. bovinus Linn. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pale yellow- ish, rather plane, smooth, viscid ; flesh white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, equal, even, unicolorous. Tubes somewhat decurrent ; pores compound, grey-light-yellow becoming' ferruginous. The gluten on the pileus, which is at length repand, is thin, not of a different colour and not separating. Somewhat caespitose. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Tubes resembling the pores of Merulius lachrymans, very shallow (\ in.) Smell like Marasmius oreades. M.J.B. Spores spindle-shaped, dingy green- ochre, 8x4 mk. W.G.S.; oblong-ellipsoid, 8-10x3 mk. K. Name — bos, an ox. Perhaps from its gregarious habit; the synonym of ' Fl. Dan.' is B. gregarius. It might also refer to colour as vaccinas does. Linn. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 499. Syst. Myc. i. p. 388. Berk. Out. p. 230. C. Hbk. n. 70^. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 668. Lenzf. 38 (old). Krombh. t. 75. / 1-6. Kl. Bor. t. 378. Gonn. & Rab. vii. t. o..f. 1. Hussey i. t. 34. — Fl. Dan. t. 1018. 8. B. badius Fr. — Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, bay- br own-tawny, pulvinate, soft, viscous; flesh 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, becoming azure-blue at the tubes. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, solid, somewhat equal, even, paler, brown-prainate. Tubes long, adnate, sinuato-depressed ; pores rather large, dingy, white-light-yellow becoming green, angular. The stem is attenuated, sometimes upwards, sometimes downwards, but never bulbous. Pileus commonly glutinous, but shining when dry, or when young as if villous- viscous, always even. Very distinct. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores fusoideo-oblong, light yellow, 15-20x5-6 mk. K. Same— badius, bay-brown. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 499. Ele7ich. p. 126. Sv. at/. Sv. t. 50. Berk. Out. p. 231. C. Hbk. n. 706. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 669. Rostk. t. 5. Fl. Bat. t. 804. Kl. Bor. t. 379. Lenzf. ^. — Krombh. t. 36./. 12-18. 9. B. sanguineus With.— Pileus blood-red, convexo-plane, even, smooth, viscid. Stem equal, even, variegated yellow and blood- red. Tubes adnate, orange-yellow; pores large, unequal. Colour remarkably glistening. Easily confounded with forms of B. chrysentcron. In woods. Rare. BOLETUS. 171 Pileus 18 mm. -3 cent. (H-i%) in. broad, when old nearly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) Boletus. Stem 2.5-6 cent. (1-2% in.) long, nearly 9 mm. {y% in.) thick. Pileus when old rich brown. Flesh white, a little tinged with crimson next to the skin, changing slowly to a bluish cast when wounded. In the larger specimens the base is bulbous. With, Name — sanguis, blood. Blood-red. With. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 500. Berk. Out. p. 231. C. Hbk. n. 707. Sow. t. 225. Leveill. in Paul. t. 181. f. 3, 4. 10. B. piperatus Bull.— Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, yellow to pale yellowish, convexo-plane, smooth, slightly viscid ; flesh yellowish. Stem 4 cent. {1% in.) long, thin, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, even, fragile, of the same colour as the pileus, containing yellow milk at the base. Tubes decurrent, ferrugin- ous ; pores large, angular. Smaller than the rest, occasionally rimoso-squanmlose. Easily distin- guished by its peppery taste. In woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Reckoned poisonous. Spores oval, brown, 8x4 mk. W.G.S.; ellipsoid- oblong, yellowish, 8-9x3-4 mk. K~. Name— piper, pepper. From the taste. Bull.t. 451./. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 500. Syst. Myc. i. p. 388. Sv. titl. Sv. t. 67. Berk. Out. p. 231. C. Hbk. n. 708. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 670. Sow. t. 34. Fl. Dan. t. 1850. f. 2. Krombh. t. 37. f. 16-20. Rostk. t. 6. Barla t. 32./! 5-10. Corda Sturm xi. t. 60. — Batsch t. 128. ** Departing from the type, of doubtful affinity. No British species. B. Subtomentosi. Pileus destitute of a viscid pellicle, &°c. 11. B. variegatus Sw- Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, dark yellow, convex then plane, obtuse, slightly moist, sprinkled with superfcial, fasciculate-hairy squamules, the acute margin at the first flocculose ; flesh yellow, here and there becoming azure- blue. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, firm, equal, even, dark yellow, sometimes reddish. Tubes adnate, unequal, pores minute, brown then cinnamon. The scales on the pileus are separating. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Smell unpleasant, taste not so. M.J.B. Spores oval, greenish-ochre, 3x2 mk. W.G.S.; oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline or very pale yellow, 8-11x3-4 mk. A". Name— variegated. Of the different colours. Swartz.—Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 501. Syst. Myc. i. p. 388. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 66. Berk. Out. p. 231. C. Hbk. n. 711. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 671. Lenzf. 39. Krombh. t. 34./. 15-18, and/. 75./ 7-14. Harz. t. 15. Rostk. t. 16.— B. Golden. Schceff. t. 115. 12. B. sulphureus Fr.— Pileus sulphur-yellow, compact, con- vex then plane, silky-tomentose with innate floccij flesh light 172 FOLYPOREI. Boletus. yellow, becoming more or less azure-blue when broken, but golden when exposed to the air, here and there reddish under the tubes. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, firm, ventricose, even, smooth, sulphur-yellow, at length becom- ing dingy ferruginous. Tubes adnato-decurrent, short, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) long, adhering more closely than usual, changeable on being touched, at length with ferruginous spots ; pores minute, compound, sulphur-yellow, at length becoming green. Springing from a broadly expanded, golden, woolly mycelium, it is very caespitose, with the appearance of Ag. spectabilis. Among sawdust. Loch-an-Eilan, Rothiemurchus. Sept. Spores light yellow then ochraceous. Fr. Name — sulphur, brimstone. Sulphur-yellow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 502. B. & Br. n. 1424. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 672. 13. B. striaepes Seer. — Pileus olivaceous, the cuticle ferrugin- ous within, convex then plane, soft, silky. Stem firm, curved, yellow, with fuscous-black stria, fuscous-rufescent at the base. Tubes adnate, angular, greenish ; pores minute, yellow. Flesh white, yellow at the tubes, and at the base of the stem which is exter- nally of the same colour and velvety. In woods. Rare. Flesh sparingly changing to blue. M.J.B. Name — stria, a line; pes, a foot. From the striate stem. Seer. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 502. Berk. Out. p. 232. C. Hbk. 71. 712. Battar. t. 29. C. 14. B. chrysenteron Fr. — Pileus fuscous or somewhat brick- colour, convexo-plane, soft, floccoso-sqnamulosej flesh yellow, red beneath the cuticle. Stem somewhat equal, rigid, fibroso-striate, scarlet or light yellow. Tubes somewhat adnate; pores rather large, angular, unequal, greenish-yellow. The pileus is often cracked into patches, and then the cracks are scarlet. Varying in stature like its allies, with the pileus becoming smooth and more brightly coloured, with the flesh becoming somewhat azure-blue, and with the tubes depressed round the stem. In woods and open ground. Common. July-Nov. Edible. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) or more broad. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-12 mm. (%-%, in.) thick, easily distinguished by the red cracks. Spores spindle-shaped, pale warm brown, 14-2 mk. W.G.S. Name — xpveros, gold ; ei/repa, inward parts. From its yellow flesh. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 502. Berk. Out. p. 232. C. Hbk. n. 713. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 673. Bull. t. 490./. 3. Hussey i. t. 5. Quel. t. 16./. 4. 15. B. subtomentosus Linn. — Pileus somewhat olivaceous, of the same colour beneath the cuticle, pulvinato-expanded, soft, dry, BOLETUS. 173 villoso-tomentose. Stem stout, attenuated downwards, somewhat Boletus. ribbed-sulcate, slightly rough with dots under a lens. Tubes adnate ; pores large, angular, yellow. Flesh white or pallid, not red beneath the cuticle. When the pileus is cracked the interstices become yelloru. The colour of the pileus is brighter when the olivaceous down disappears. In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. About same size as B. chrysenteron. Often growing on beech-nuts. M.J.B. Easily distinguished by its yellow cracks. Spores oval, yellowish-brown, 14x5 mk. W.G.S. ; fusoideo-oblong, hyaline or very pale yellow, 11-13x4-5 mk. K. Name — sub, and tomentosus, downy. Li /in. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 503. Berk. Out. p. 232. C. Hbk. n. 714. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 674. Price f. 2 Vivian, t. 37. Gonu. & Rab. vii. t. 5./. 1. Bolt. t. 84. middle fig. — Schcrff. t. 112. Krombh. t. 37. f. 8-1 1. Bull. t. 393. Fl. Dan. t. 1074. Battar. t. 30. f. F. Krombh. t. 48. f. 1-6 represents a beautiful var. , somewhat ceruginous. 16. B. spadiceus Schaeff. — Pileus date -brown, opaque, pul- vinato - expanded, moderately compact, dry, tomentose, then widely cracked ; the white flesh unchangeable, fuscous reddish above. Stem firm, clavate, even, flocculoso-furfuraceous, yellow inclining to fuscous. Tubes adnate, yellow ; pores minute, some- what round. The stem is compact, not reddish, yellowish-white internally. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Aug. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad. Stem very thick. Name — spadix, a palm-branch. Date-brown. Schceff. t. 126. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 503. B. c~ Br. n. 1797. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 675. — Krombh. t. 36./. 19, 20. 17. B. radicans Pers.- — Pileus olivaceous-cinereous then pale yellowish, pulvinate, dry, somewhat tomentose, the thin margin involute; flesh light yellow, becoming immediately dark azure- blue. Stem atte)iuato-rooted, even, light yellow, Jlocculose with reddish firuina, naked and dark when touched. Tubes adnate ; pores unequal, large, lemon-yellow. Taste bitterish. The pores are those of B. subtomeutosus, the habit that of B. badius. In woods. Epping Forest. Staplehurst, &c. Spores spindle-shaped, very pale ochre, almost white, 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — radix, a root. Rooting. Pers. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 503. Journ. But. 1873, p. 337. C. Hbk. n. 714. Opatowski Bolct. t. 1. 18. B. rubinus Smith. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, yellow -fuscous, pulvinato -gibbous then plane, dry, somewhat tomentose, slightly cracked ; flesh vivid yellow, wholly unchange- 174 POLYPOREI. Boletus. able. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, yellow, smeared with crimson, irregular. Tubes somewhat decurrent, compound, of medium size, wholly carmine. It differs from all other British species in the wholly carmine tubes, together with the vivid yellow, wholly unchangeable flesh. In mixed woods. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Spores oval, almost round, pale warm brown, 6x5 mk. ll'.G.S. Name — ruber, red. From the tubes. Smith Seem. Journ. 1868, p. 33. /. 75./. 1-4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 504. C. Hbk. ?i. 709. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 676. C. Subpruinosi. Pileus smooth, but most frequently pruinose, &c. 19. B. pruinatus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, piuplisli-bay-brown, umber-pruinose, convex then plane, rigid, dry; flesh white, but also obsoletely green or azure-bluish. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, firm, somewhat ventricose, even, smooth, variegated yellow and reddish. Tubes adnate, light yellow ; pores minute, round. On grassy ground. Kew, &c. Name — prui/ia, hoar-frost. From the pruinose pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 504. Epicr. p. 414. B. er1 Br. n. 1285. Schcvff. t. 133? — Bull. t. 393. / B. C. 20. B. parasiticus Bull. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, dingy yellow, convex then plane, silky becoming smooth, dry, soon cracked in a tesselated manner. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, thin, rigid, incurved, externally and internally yellow. Tubes decur- rent, of medium size, compound, golden. The colour of the pileus is variable. On species of Scleroderma. Rare. Clifton. Kew. Tubes labyrinthiform. Not viscid in any stage of growth. B. & Br. Spores spindle-shaped, elongated, pale brown, 14 x 4 mk. ll'.G.S. Name — parasitus, a guest. Parasitic. Bull. t. 451./. 1. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 505. Syst. Myc. i. /. 389. Berk. Out. p. 231. C. Hbk. n. 710. Saund. & Sm. t. 43. Rostk. t. 7 (monstrous). D. Calopodes. Stem stout, at the first bulbous, &c. * Genuini. Stem reticulated with veins, cVv. 21. B. variecolor B. & Br.— Pileus olivaceous, convex, some- what tomentose, margi?i involute; flesh dark pu?ple under the cuticle. Stem bulbous, attenuated upwards, reticulated at the BOLETUS. *75 apex, yellowish downwards, rufescent and delicately pubescent Boletus, upwards. Tubes minute, free, yellow. The flesh of the pileus and stem is pale, here and there inclining to yellow, and partially marbled. Approaching B. subtomentosus in habit, but with the bulbous reticulated stem of Calopodes. In woods, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Xame — variits and color. From the various colours. B. & Br. n. 1020. t. 13./. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 506. C. Hbk. 71. 715. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 6yj. 22. B. calopus Fr. — Pileus olivaceous, globose then pulvinate, unpolished, somewhat tome7itose j flesh pallid, becoming some- what azure-blue. Stem firm, conical then somewhat equal, reti- culated, scarlet, throughout or at the apex. Tubes adnate ; pores minute, angular, yellow. Stem at length of the same colour as the pileus downwards and elongated. Pileus not involute, somewhat repand. In mixed woods. Frequent. July-Sept. Spores spindle-shaped, yellowish-brown, 8x3 mk. W.G.S. Names— /coAd?, beautiful ; novs, a foot. With beautiful stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 506. »S"z'. iitl. Sv. t. 69. Berk. Out. p. 232. C. Hbk. n. 716. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 678. Kro?7ibh. t. 37. f. 1-7. Rostk. t. 27. Harz. t. 69. Saund. & Sm. t. 14. —Schceff. t. 315. 23. B. olivaceus Schaeff. — Pileus olivaceous-fuscous, convex, even, becoming smooth, margin at first infiexed; flesh azure blue, then white. Stem firm, clavate, bulbous, red, yellowish at the apex, with blood-red reticulations and dots. Tubes adnate, curt; pores minute, unequal, light yellow-olivaceous. Stature curt, robust. In beech woods. Uncommon. Sept. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad. Stem short. Xame — oliva, an olive. Olivaceous in colour. Schceff. t. 105. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 506. Be/k. Out. p. 233. C. Hbk. 71. jij. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 679. Ventur. t. 36./. 3, 4. — Rostk. t. 32. 24. B. pachypus Fr. — Pileus 10-20 cent. (4-8 in.) broad, fus- cous then pallid-tan, pulvinate, somewhat tomentose; flesh thick, whitish, becoming slightly azure-blue. Stem 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) long, always thick, firm, curt, ovato-bulbous, then elongated, equal, reticulated, variegated light yellow and red, often wholly intensely blood-red. Tubes somewhat elongated, shortened round the stem; pores round, light yellow, at length somewhat green. Larger than preceding species, handsomer, approaching Edules in habit. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Sept. -Oct. 176 POLYPOREI. Boletus. Monstrous forms of B. edulis are often mistaken for it. Spores oval, yel- lowish ochre, 14x5111k. W.G.S. Name — Tree's, thick; ttovs, afoot. Thick- stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 506. Syst. Myc. i. /. 390. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 68. Berk. Out. p. 233. C. Hbk. n. 718. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 680. Lenz t. 60. Krombh. t. 35./. 13-15.— I 'eutur. t. 64./ 1, 2. B. pachypus Krombh. t. 35. /. 10-12. Saund. &f Sm. t. 17 (wholly white) is perhaps a new species. ** Departing from the type, of uncertain affinity, &c. No British species. E. Edules. Stratum of tubes rounded and depressed about the stem, cVv. 25. B. edulis Bull. — Pileus somewhat brown, pulvinate, smooth, moist ; flesh white, reddish beneath the cuticle, compact then softer. Stem stout, reticulated, pallid -fuscous. Tubes semi- free, elongated, minute, at first white, then yellow and greenish. The pileus varies white, grey-rufescent, &c. The stem is sometimes obso- letely reticulated, sometimes curt and bulbous, sometimes elongated "and equal, also rootinsr. '£>• In woods, especially beech. Common. July-Nov. Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) and more broad. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) or more long. 5 cent. (2 in.) thick. Spores fusoideo-oblong, bright yellowish, 14-16x4-5.5 mk. K. Name — edulis, edible. Reckoned one of the most delicious, but the flesh is rather soft when cooked. Bull. t. 60, 494. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 508. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 13. Berk. Out. p. 234. C. Hbk. n. 719. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 681. Sow. t. in. Sv. Bot. t. 197. Lenzf. 34. Tratt. Austr.f. 34. Krombh. t. 31. Vittad. t. 22. Vei/tur. t. 8. Vivian, t. 25. Bar/a t. 34. Hussey i. /. 81. Badh. i. /. 3, ii. /. 3./. 1, 2. Price t. 63. Hogg & Johnst. t. ir. Hire, t. 40, 41. Gouu. & Rab. vii. t. 1. — Schceff. t. 134. Rostk. t. 37. 26. B. sereus Bull. — Pileus olivaceous-fuscous, somewhat black- ish, pulvinate, smooth, somewhat pelliculose ; flesh white, becom- ing yellow on exposure to the air. Stem stout, somewhat reticu- lated, yellozuish, becoming fuscous at the base. Tubes minute, somewhat free, sulphur-yellow. Pileus small. The stem when young is oblongate not bulbous. In woods. Surrey. Spores oblong, oblique at the base, 11-14x6 mk. B. 6s Br. Name — pubescent, light yellow. Tubes free ; pores minute, yellow. Handsome, obese, pleasant in odour and taste. Sometimes there is a red- dish zone near the apex of the stem. In mixed woods. Rare. Sept. Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) or more broad. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long. Spores oval or spindle-shaped, pale greenish-brown, 14x5 mk. W.G.S. ; ellipsoid, papillate, 16-18 mk. Q. Edible ; reckoned among the most deli- cious. Name — impolitus, unpolished. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 509. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 42. Berk. Out. p. 234. C. Hbk. n. 721. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 682. — Harz. t. 51. B. pileus areolato-rimose. Schceff. t. 108. Letell. t. 614. Rostk. t. 36. 29. B. aestivalis Fr. — Pileus whitish, pulvinate, somewhat repand, even, smooth, granular in dry weather; flesh yellow beneath, white above, reddish in the base of the stem. Stem very thick, bulbous, even, smooth, light yellow. Tubes somewhat free ; pores equal, minute, yellow. Stature almost that of B. impolitus, equally pleasant, tasty. In woodland pastures. Uncommon. Pileus sometimes 15-20 cent. (6-8 in.) broad. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) thick. Spores elongated oval, greenish-brown, rather dark, 12x4 mk. W.G.S. Edible. Name—csstivalis, pertaining to summer. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 510. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 43. Berk. Out. p. 234. C. Hbk. n. 722. Husscy i. t. 25. Hogg & Johnst. t. 13. F. Luridi. Stratum of tubes rounded towards the stem, &c. 30. B. satanas Lenz. — Pileus fuscous-tan then whitish, pul- vinate, smooth, somewhat viscous; flesh whitish, becoming red or violet when broken. Stem obese, ovaio-venlr/iose, with blood - red reticulations above. Tubes free, yellow ; pores minute, at first blood-red-scarlet, orange when old. VOL. II. M 178 POLYPOREI. Boletus. Handsome, robust, mild, not bitterish. In woods. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Pileus sometimes 20 cent. (8 in.) broad. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long. Spores earthy-yellow. Fr. ; rich brown, oval or spindle-shaped, 12 x 5 mk. IV.G.S. Very poisonous. Name — Satan. Satanic. From its poisonous and dangerous qualities. Lenz f. 31. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 510. Berk. Out. p. 233. C. Hbk. n. 723. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 683. Fl. Bat. t. 1040. Hussey i. /. 7. Quel. t. 15./". 1. — Rocq. t. 6. Krombh. t. 38./. 1-6. Vivian, t. 40. 31. B. luridus Schaeff. — Pileus often 20 cent. (8 in.) but occurring 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, tomentose, wnber-olivaceous, then somewhat viscous, fuliginous, pulvinate ; flesh yellow, be- coming azure-blue when broken. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and much more long, stout, vermilion-red, marked with reticulations or dots. Tubes free, yellow, at length becoming green ; pores round, vermilion then orange. Stem somewhat orange at the apex. Taste pleasant. In mixed woods, &c. Common. July-Nov. Spores oval, greenish slate-colour, 17x9 mk. IV.G.S. Very poisonous. Name — luridus, lurid in colour. Schceff". t. 107. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 511. Syst. Myc. i. p. 391. Sv . dtl. Sv. t. 12. Berk. Out. p. 233. t. 15. f. 5. C. Hbk. ti. 724. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 684. Grev. t. 121. Barla t. 33. f. 1-5. Krombh. t. 38. f. n-17. — Bull. t. 100. Rostk. t. 31. B. stem curt, bulbous, scarcely reticulated Bolt. t. 85. * B. erythropus Pers. — Stem thinner, cylindrical, not reticu- lated but dotted with squamules, internally somewhat red. The pileus is often tawny-rufescent. Smaller than preceding species. The flesh, according to Persoon, is red-blood-colour, according to Fl. Dan. t. 1792 yellow. In woods and shrubbery. Uncommon. July-Aug. Name — epvBpos, red ; 7rovs, afoot. Red-stemmed. Pers. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 511. Berk. Out. p. 233. C. Hbk. n. 725. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 685. Letell. t. 612. Barla t. 33-/1 6, 7. Hans. t. 56. 32. B. purpureus Fr. — Pileus purplish-red, pulvinate, somewhat velvety, opaque, dry ; flesh azure-blue only when young, then dark yellow. Stem stout, yellow, variegated with purple veins and dots. Tubes somewhat free, greenish-yellow ; pores minute, purple-orange. Very handsome. The stem varies reticulated only at the apex, becoming red internally, chiefly at the base. In woods. Rare. Spores somewhat spindle-shaped, green-sepia-brown, 11x6 mk. W.G.S. "Same— purpureus, purple. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 511. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 41. Berk. BOLETUS. 179 Out. p. 234. C. Hbk. n. 726. Barla t. 33. /. 8-10. Saund. & Sm. t. 43.— Boletus. Krombh. t. 37./. 12-15. Clus. Pern. gen. xix. 3. Ser. II. Tephroleuci. Tubes at first white or grey. G. Favosi. Tubes large, angular, unequal, &c. 33. B. laricinus Berk. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, dirty white, with livid stains, covered at first with dirty-yellow or brownish evanescent slime, somewhat scaly j flesh white, very slightly tinged with yellow. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or more long, 12-16 mm. {}2-2/i in-) thick, cribrose above the ring, pitted below, dirty white. Tubes adnate, somewhat decurrent, compound, at first nearly white. In larch woods. Frequent. Aug.-Sept. The squamules on the pileus are the fragments of a veil. Spores oblong, brownish clay-coloured. M.J.B.; spindle-shaped, pale-brown, 10x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — larix, larch. From habitat. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 148. Out. p. 230. C. Hbk. n. 703. S. My col. Scot. n. 686. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 513. Hussey i. t. 25. 34. B. viscidus Linn. — Pileus dingy yellowish, pulvinate, soft, smooth, viscid ; veil somewhat annular, torn, white, somewhat appendiculate. Stem viscous, white becoming yellow, thickened at the base, reticulated above. Tubes adnate ; pores large, un- equal, livid. Perhaps too nearly allied to B. laricinus. The stem often appears torn from the agglutinated fragments of the veil. In woods. Rare. Spores fuscous-black. Fr. ; spindle-shaped, elongated, brownish green, 9x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — viscum, bird-lime. Viscid. Linn. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 513. Icon. t. 178./. 3. Berk. Out. p. 235. C. Hbk. n. 727. H. Versipelles. Tubes minute, round, equal, &c. 35. B. versipellis Fr. — Pileus rufous, pulvinate, dry, at first compact and tomentose, then scaly and becoming even, appendicu- late with the annular, membranaceous, fugacious veil. Stem solid, attenuated upwards, wrinkled-scaly. Tubes free, plane, minute, dingy white; pores grey. Truly distinct from B. scaber, but it is difficult to define exactly the differ- ence between them on account of analogy in colour and variation in stature. The colour of B. versipellis is more constantly rufous. In woods and heath. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. l8o POLYPOREI. Boletus. Spores spindle-shaped, pale, ochraceous, 15x5 mk. W.G.S. ; fusoideo- oblong, 17-20x6-7.5 mk. K. Name — verto, to turn ; pellis, the skin. From its changeable appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 515. Berk. Out. p. 235. C. Hbk. n. 728. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 687. — A. pileus rufescent. Schceff. t. 103. Krombh. t. 32. Sow. t. no. Rostk. t. 39. B. pileus fuliginous. Batt. t. 30./. A. 36. B. scaber Fr. — Pileus variable in colour, red or orange, &c, pulvinate, smooth, viscid when moist, at length rugulose or rivulose, margin at first furnished with a cortina. Stem solid, attenuated upwards, roughe?ied with fibrotis scales. Tubes free, convex, white then dingy; pores minute, round. Sometimes robust, sometimes slender. The chief varieties are as follows : A. pileus red or orange. Bull. t. 489./". 2. B. pileus fuliginous or cinereous. Fl. Dan. t. 833. Bull. t. 489. /. 1. Scnv. t. 175. Kro?)ibh. t. 35. f. 1-6. C. pileus fuscous-black, stem fioccoso-scaly, tubes shining white. Schceff. t., 104. D. pileus fuscous-olivaceous. Bolt. t. 86. E. pileus wholly white. Rostk. t. 48. In woods, &c. Common. July-Nov. Pileus 5-17.5 cent. (2-7 in.) or more broad. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) or more long. Scales on the stem black. Spores spindle-shaped, pale brown, 14x5 mk. W.G.S. ; fusoideo- oblong, light yellowish, 14-18x6 mk. K. Edible. Name — scaber, rough. From the stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 515. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 14. Berk. Out. p. 235. C. Hbk. n. 729. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 688. Vittad. t. 28. Vent. t. 9, 10. Barla t. 35. f. 6-12. Rostk. t. 40. Harz. t. 2. Gonn. & Rab. vii. t. 3. Badh. i. t. 7. /. 1, ii. /. 6./. i, 2. Hussey i. t. 57. Hogg & Johnst. t. 22. I. Hyporhodii. Tubes adnate to the stem, whitish, &c. 37. B. felleus Bull. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, some- what pale yellowish, pulvinate then expanded, soft, smooth, even ; flesh when broken white then flesh-colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, solid, attenuated and reticulated upwards. Tubes adnate, convex, elongated ; pores angular, white then flesh- colour. Taste bitter. The colour of the pileus varies chestnut, pale yellowish and tawny. Stem of the same colour, here and there becoming olive, more rarely dotted with squamules as in B. erythropus. In woods. Uncommon. Spores spindle-shaped, salmon-colour, 16x6 mk. W.G.S.; fusoideo-oblong, hyaline, 12-16x4.5-5.4 mk. K. Poisonous. Na.me—fel, gall. Bitter. Bull. t. 379. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 516. Syst. Myc. i. p. 394. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 52. Berk. Out. p. 236. C. Hbk. n. 731. Rostk. t. 43. Krombh. t. 74./. 1-7. 38. B. alutarius Fr. — Pileus fuscous-tan, pulvinate then ex- panded, soft, velvety, becoming smooth. Stem solid, bulbous, rather even, rugged at the apex. Tubes depressed round the BOLETUS. l8l stem, short, plane ; pores round, white, becoming fuscous when Boletus bruised. Very much allied to B. fe Ileus, but easily distinguished by its somewhat un- changeable flesh, and mild watery taste. In woodland pastures. Rare. Name — aluta, tanned leather. From the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 516. Berk. Out. p. 235. C. Hbk. n. 730. K. Cariosi. Stem externally never reticulated, &c. 39. B. cyanescens Bull— Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, somewhat fuscous or tan, convexo-expanded, adpressedly tomen- tose, floccoso-scaly, opaque ; flesh rigid, white, soon becoming deep blue when broke?i. Stem stuffed with a spongy pith, at length cavernous, ventricose, villoso-pruinose, of the same colour as the pileus, constricted at the apex where it is even, white. Tubes free, white, at length light yellow; pores minute, round, when young scarcely 2 mm. (1 lin.) long. Very remarkable ; when compressed pouring out azure-blue juice. In mixed woods. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Spores at first milk-white, at length pale lemon-yellow. Fr. ; spindle-shaped, 14x8 mk. IV.G.S. Becoming instantly intense blue when broken. The down on the pileus is very matted and floccosely scaly. Name— cyaneus, deep blue. From the flesh becoming deep blue. Bull. t. 369. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 517. Syst. Myc. i. p. 395. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 80. Berk. Out. p. 236. C. Hbk. n. 732. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 689. Letell. t. 654. Krombh. t. 35. / 7-9. Barla t. 37. Rostk. t. 44. Harz. t. 71. Saund. & Sm. t. 47 (dark). 40. B. castaneus Bull— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, cui7iamo7i, opaque, convexo-expanded or depressed, firm, even, velvety j flesh white, unchangeable. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, stuffed then hollow, attenuated from the somewhat bulbous base, even, velvety, opaque, ci7inamon. Tubes free, curt, white ; pores minute, round. Smaller than B. cyanescens, not juicy. Pileus at first embracing the base of the stem, whence the stem when young is obsoletely somewhat marginato- bulbous, not constricted at the apex as in B. cyanescens. In woods. Rare. Name — castanea, chestnut. Chestnut-coloured. Bull. t. 328. Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 517. Syst. Myc. i. /. 392. Berk. Out. p. 236. C. Hbk. n. 733. Barla t. 32./. 11-15. Krombh. t. 4./ 28-30. Hussey, ii. t. 17. Subg. I. Gyrodon. No British species. 182 POLYPOREI. Boletus. Subg. II. BOLETINUS. No British species. Of uncertain affinity. 41. C. carnosus Rostk. Compact.— Pileus fuscous, pulvinate, smooth; flesh pallid, dirty yellowish. Stem short, firm, some- what striate, rufescent light yellow. Tubes adnate (according to the fig. depressed round the stem), dark yellow; pores rather large, angular, of the same colour. According to the fig. the pileus is purplish-fuscous. In woods. Stoke Poges. Name— carnosus, fleshy. Rostk. t. 14. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 520. B. &° Br. ?i. 1426. Strobilomy- ces. Genus Hymen XXII.— Strobilomyces Berk. (arpS^xos, a pine-cone; /J.VK7JS, a fungus). ophore quite distinct from the hymenium. Pileus fleshy, at length tough. Spores glo- bose or broadly elliptic, minutely rough. Berk. Out. p. 236. 1. S. strobilaceus Berk. Blackish- umber. — Pileus pulvinate, rough with thick floccose scales. Stem equal, veiled, sulcate above. Tubes adnate, white, angular, whitish- brown. Pileus tesselated or cracked like the cone of the Scotch fir. In fir woods. Very rare. Bull- strode. Ludlow. Haywood Forest, Herefordshire. Oct. LXI. Strobilomyces st? obilaceus. One-sixth natural size. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in. ) broad, brown- umber, tough, pulvinate, broken up into large, thick, projecting scales, merging into a thick, floccose, ragged and pendulous, white veil at margin. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) or more thick, solid, equal, coarsely fibnllose, brown at the base, white at the deeply sulcato-reticulated apex, which runs gradually into the tubes. Tubes white, very large, adnate, or with a decurrent tooth, anas- tomosing. The whole plant turns deep sienna-red when cut or bruised. W.G.S. Spores very dark. M.J.B.; oval, nearly globose, stalked, blackish- brown, 9x13 mk. W.G.S. Berk. Out. p. 236. C. Hbk. n. 734. Boletus strobilaceus Scop. Ann. Nat. Hist. iv. t. 1./. 1. Berk. E?ig. FL v. p. 154. POLYPORUS. l83 Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 513. Dicks. Crypt. Brit. t. 3./ 2. Krombh. t. 74./ 12, 13. Rostk. t. 38. Quel. t. 16./. 1.— Vent. t. 43./. I, 2. />«•*. Myc. Eur. 2. *. 19. Genus XXIII.— Fistulina (fistula, a pipe. From the pipe-like Fistuiina. character of the tubes). Bull. Champ, p. 314- Hymenium inferior, at the first dotted over with warts, then protruding cylindrical tubes, which are free and distinct from one an- other. Somewhat fleshy fungi, grow- ing on wood, intermediate between Polyporei a?id Hydnei. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 522. LXII. Fistitlina hepatica. One- fifth natural size. Section two times natural size. 1. F. hepatica Fr. Juicy-fleshy, not rooting. — Pileus entire, blood- red ; flesh thick, soft, viscid above, traversed with tenacious fibres, hence variegated - red. Tubes at first pallid. Changeable in form, sessile or extended into a lateral stem. On living oak. Common in Eng- land. Aug.-Oct. Pileus roundish, dimidiate or subspathulate. Substance thick and juicy, marbled like beet-root, distilling a red pellucid juice ; hymenium convex. Taste rather acid. It attains sometimes an enormous size, even nearly 30 lb. in weight. M.J.B. Spores salmon-colour, nearly round with an oblique apiculus, 3 mk. VV.G.S. Edible and nourishing, but rather coarse, and not of a very pleasant flavour. Known as the beef-steak fungus. Slices exactly like beef-steak. Name — t^ttotucos, of the liver ; diseased in the liver. From its appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 522. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 25. Berk. Out. p. -2S7- t. 17. / 1. C. Hbk. n. 841. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 690. Grev. t. 270. Ventur. t. 36./. 1, 2. Barla t. 30./. 4-7. Hogg & Johnst. t. 7. Hussey i. t. 65. Badh. i. t. 12./. 4; ii. t. 12./ 2. Price f. 22.— Huds. Sch&ff. t. 116- 120. Bolt. t. 79. Sow. t. 58. Fl. Dan. t. 1039. Bull. t. 74, 464, 497. Genus XXIV.— Polyporus. Fr. Obs. Myc. i. p. 121. (ttoXvs, many ; ^6pos, a pore.) Hymenophore descending and forming a trama between the pores. Hence the pores are connate with the substance of the Polyporus. 184 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. pileus, and not separable from one another; they are at first rudimental or altogether wanting", then round, angular, or torn. Persisteiit fungi, most of them growing on wood, not fully formed before expansion like Boleti, but growing gradually and indefinitely. Odour, if any, slightly acid. A genus holding the like central place in this order as Agaricus does in the former one, of immense extent, and specially abundant in the number of its species in warm countries on account of the greater variety of trees. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 522. A few are edible, but not recom- mended. LXIII. Polyporus perennis. third natural size. I. Mesopus (fiecros, middle ; ttovs, a foot). One- Pileus entire or excentric. Stem distinct, vertical, simple, of the same colour at the base, and not definitely blackish. A. Carnosi (caro, flesh). Pileus fleshy, fragile or pliant (but not coriaceous), zoneless. White-spored, growing on the ground, edible, autumnal. * Pileus unpolished, scaly orjloccose. ** Pileus polished, smooth. B. Lenti (lentus, tough, pliant). Pileus fleshy-pliant then coriaceous, zone- less. White-spored, growing on trwiks, persistent. * Pileus unpolished, scaly or villous. ** Pileus even, smooth. C. Spongiosi (spongia, a sponge). Pileus at first spongy-soft, absorbing water, tomentose, then corky or coriaceous. Stem curt, irregularly shaped. Pores irregularly shaped, pruinose, changing colour, but the spores (of all of them?) white. — A very varied group, of striking appearance, mostly growing on the ground. At first they appear as a rooting, somewhat crustaceous mass, effused and encrusti7ig, shapeless, spongy and juicy, tomentose ; from this is evolved a pileus, which is sometimes remarkably regular, with a central stem, and of large size, sometimes by growing into one another irregular and lobed, nay dimidiate. They only last in a dead state to the following spring, but there- after are covered over with a new stratum of pores. In all these respects they are analogous to Thelephorce (e.g. Th. terrestris). Most of than rare, confined to certain localities. D. Subcoriacei (corium, a hide, leather). Pileus at the first indurated, arid, when full grown corky or coriaceous. Stem definite. Pores at first sprinkled over with a white bloom. Substance of a ferruginous colour. Grow- ing on the ground or trunks, more rigid than the Spongiosi, more regular and persistent, but ?iot reviving. * Pileus tomentose, velvety. ** Pileus very smooth. II. Pleuropus (trXevpov, the ribs or side ; ttov?, a foot). Pileus pliant or corky, horizontal, not circular. Stem simple, ascending, corticate, either defi- POLYPORUS. 185 nitely lateral or excentric, always black at the base. Growi?ig on wood, and Polyporus. not on the ground. A well-defined group. Species with excentric stems occur both in this and in the former group, but the definitely black base at once distinguishes tht-m. A. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant, zoneless. Stem excentric, blackish at the base. Tubes short. Substance pallid, somewhat fibrous. * Pileus scaly orfloccose. ** Pileus even, very smooth. B. Suberoso-lignosi (corky-woody). Pileus thick, hard, zoneless. Stem stout, vertical, of the same colour at the base. Pores elongated. Species not closely allied to one another nor to the preceding group. III. Merisma (Meptfo, to divide). Syst. Myc. i. p. 354. From a common trunk or tubercle proceed very many pileoli, arising from the subdivision of the primary pileus, which are at first, at least potentially, porous all over, but the side which is turned to the light is sterile. (In dark underground places they often remain club-shaped and porous.) Very handsome fungi, becoming free, by far t)ie largest of all fungi, composed of 'many small pilei cohering the one with the other. A very distinct group, well marked off from the rest, and only verging back by imperfect forms to the Mesopodes. A. Carnosi. Pileus fleshy, firm, flcccoso-fibrous, zoneless, not coriaceo- indurated. Tufts central, stipitate, springing from a common base, more or less concrete, so that in slender forms they occasionally resemble a central, simple, lobed pileus. Pores separating from the pileus. White -spored, par- tially growing on the ground, autumnal, all certainly edible. B. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant then somewhat coriaceous, more or less zoned, fibrous within. Pores adnate. Tufts lateral, somewhat stipitate, in many imbricated layers, sterns more or less connate, or growing from a common tuber. White-spored, not edible, fragile when old, autumnal and not lasting till the following spring, occurring at the base of trunks. C. Caseosi (caseus, cheese). Pileus cheesy, at first soft and juicy, then arid, fragile, without a pellicle, zoneless ; pores separating. Tufts sessile, on the stems of trees, commonly dimidiate, but in a horizontal situation expanded on all sides, central, at the first evolved from a single shapeless tubercle into numer- ous pileoli. Acid. Occurring from spring through the whole summer, but soon decaying. D. Suberosi (suber, cork). Pileus corky or coriaceous, persistent, tough ; substance floccose, somewhat soft, suitable for tinder, pores adnate. Tufts somewhat sessile, lateral or central according to situation, but the pileoli are drawn together and free at the base and not effused. On trunks close to the ground. Not edible. IV. Apus (a, without ; vovs, a foot. Stemless). Pileus sessile, normally adnate by a thickened and dilated base and dimidiate, or entire and attached behind (commonly by an umbo), more rarely attenuated and sessile (a transi- tion to the Pleuropodes), more frequently wholly resupinate (always abnormal states ; the true Resupi?iati are very different having no pileus). Growing on wood, very abundant, with an endless variety of forms. A. Anodermei (av, Sepfia, skin. Without a cuticle). Pileus without a cuticle. consequently the naked surface is broken up into flocci or fibres, zoneless, but within transversely zoned, or more or less fibrous. Always annual, somewhat fleshy, and not reviving. 1. Carnosi. Pileus cheesy, at first of a watery softness, fragile, flocculose 1 86 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. and not bristly-hispid, pores white. When more fully grown sometimes soft, sometimes hardened, but soon putrefying and not lasting th?vughjhe winter. * Eupolypori. Pores round, entire, obtuse, without small teeth. ** Pores elongated, flexuous, acute, and torn. Species in this section do not become hard. 2. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant (tough even in younger specimens), soft, elastic, villoso-tomentose on account ot the fibroso-floccose texture of the sub- stance ; pores somewhat adnate, coloured. Always soft, somewhat flexile, last- i?ig to the following spring, joined by intermediate forms to the preceding group, but manifestly presenting a different type. * Substance coloured. ** Substance white. 3. Spongiosi. At first and while fresh moist, spongy, when dry firm, elastic, for the most part bristly-hispid, internally fibrous. The flesh com- monly presents an intermediate stratum, more compact than the exterior. Firm, but annual, autumnal, the finest specimens on living trunks. Com- monly mixed up with P. stupposi which are always dry and rigid not spongy. * Substance coloured. ** Substance and spores white. B. Placodermei {nkdg, anything flat ; Sepjuui, skin). Pileus clothed with a continuous crust, zoneless or concentrically sulcate. Persistent. 4. Suberosi. Pileus at the first somewhat fleshy and juicy, then hardened, covered with a rather thin crust ; pores slender, at length somewhat separating. Autumnal, in some cases lasting to the following spring, but never reviving so as to produce strata. Differing from the foregoing by the cuticle, from all the following by the pileus being at first fleshy and juicy. * Substance coloured. ** Substance, which is not zoned, and spores white. 5. Fomentarii {f omentum, fuel. From some species, e.g., P. fomentarius, being used as tinder). Pileus floccose, of the nature of tinder, juiceless from the first, not fleshy or spongy, covered with a hard, horny crust, the pores at length stratose. Growing on wood, somewhat pulvinate, truly perennial, add- ing new strata year by year. In specimens from 10 to 20 years of age narrow zones corresponding with warm and dry years, and thick and broad ones corresponding with rainy years can be observed. Care must be taken not to be deceived by a specimen of the first season, without strata. In old speci- mens the cuticle is here and there broken into chinks or wasted away. * Substance and pores U7nber or fuscous. ** Substance and pores somewhat ferruginous. *** Substance white or pallid. 6. Lignosi (lignum, wood). Pileus from the first hard, woody, juiceless, covered with a thin, somewhat varnished crust, which is smooth or becomes so, somewhat effused at the base ; pores not stratose. Perennial (not putrefy- ing) but not stratose, flatter than the for?ner group or effuso-reflexed. C. Inodermei (1.i\*s, black. From the colours. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 524. Icon. t. 17g.fi. 1. B. & Br. n. 1682. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 691. — Pers. Syn. p. 515. ** Pileus polished, smooth. No British species. B. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant then coriaceous, &c. * Pileus unpolished, scaly or villous. 2. P. lentus Berk.— Pileus 4 cent. (1% in.) broad, reddish- brown at length ochraceous, fleshy, but tough, umbilicate, minutely scaly, especially at first. Stem 12 mm-2.5 cent. {Yz-\ in.) long, 9 mm. (}i in.) thick, rather slender, incurved, 1 88 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. central or excentric, hispid, furfuraceous, nearly of the colour of the pileus. Pores irregular, large, decurrent, white. The stem is covered with pores to the very base, only the lower ones are abortive. Allied to P. squamosus. On Ulex, &c. Frequent. April. Name — lentus, tough, pliant. Berk. Out. p. 237. t. 16. f. 1. Eng. Fl. v. /. 134. C. Hbk. n. 738. *S. Mycol. Scot. n. 692. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 526. 3. P. brumalis Fr.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, fleshy- pliant then coriaceous, somewhat umbilicate, zoneless, in the first year villous, fuliginous, in the second squamulose becoming smooth, becoming pale; flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, hirsute, squamulose. Pores oblong and angular, thin, acute, toothed, white, at length be- coming yellow. The margin of the pileus is somewhat fimbriato-ciliate. In hollow trunks, &c. , there is a very small form, somewhat pulverulent. On dead branches. Frequent. Oct.-March. Pores oblong, slightly curved, hyaline, 6x2 mk. K. Name — bruma, winter. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 526. Syst. Myc. i. p. 348. Berk. Out. p. 237. C. Hbk. n. 735. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 693. Pers. Batsch f. 42 (first year). Fl. Dan. t. 1297 (second year). P. floccipes Rostk. 28. /. 13. ** Pileus even, smooth. 4. P. fuscidulus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) bro2a\,fuscoas- yellowish, fleshy, pliant, somewhat coriaceous, convexo-plane, zoneless, smooth; flesh white-yellowish. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, equal or thickened at both ends, smooth, fuscous becoming yellow. Pores somewhat rounded- angular, obtuse, quite entire, yellowish. Among chips, &c. Rare. Darlington. Naxne—fuscus, fuscous, brown. Slightly fuscous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 528. Berk. Out. p. 2,2,7. C. Hbk. n. 736. Schrad. Bolt. t. 170. 5. P. leptocephalus Fr. Small. — Pileus under 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, pale then fawn-colour, pliant, then coriaceous, convexo- plane, thin, smooth, even, zoneless; flesh white. Stem short, scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) smooth, pallid. Pores adnate, minute, somewhat round, obtuse, whitish. The margin of the pileus is somewhat repand. On trunks. Rare. Stem thick as a crow-quill. With. Name — Ae7rT6s, thin ; Kca\r), head. POLYPORUS. 189 With thin pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 528. Syst. Myc. i. p. 349. Berk. Out. Polyporus. p. 237. C. Hbk. n. 737. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 694. — Jacq. Misc. i. t. 12. Mich. t. jo. f. 7. Paul. t. 164./. 12. C. Spongiosi. Pileus at first spongy-soft, &c. 6. P. Schweinizii Fr. — Pileus 20 cent. (8 in.) and more broad, date -brown, thick, spongy- corky, strigoso-tome?itose, rugged. Stem thick, very short or obsolete, ferruginous. Pores large, variable in size and torn, sulphur- -greenish. Very large, sometimes regular and plano-cup-shaped, sometimes irregularly- shaped and dimidiate from growing into each other and incrusting, at first tawny-tomentose, soon only at the margin, then when old wholly fuscous. The substance when the plant is in fullest vigour is very soft-spongy, then hardened, fragile when dry, rhubarb-colour becoming fuscous. In pine woods about roots. Rare. July-Oct. It occurs with a central stem and also imbricated. B. & Br. Spores oval, white or transparent, 3x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Schweinitz. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 529. Icon. t. 179./. 3. Berk. Out. p. 238. C. Hbk. n. 739. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 695. Sv. Bot. t. 720. 7. P. rufescens Fr. Flesh-colour. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, spongy, soft, unequal, hairy. Stem short, irregularly shaped. Pores large, sinuated and torn, white-flesh-colour. Its growth is quite that of P. Schweinizii, but it is smaller, softer, and different in colour both internally and externally. On stumps. Frequent. Nov. Name — rufesco, to become red. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 529. Syst. Myc. i. p. 351. Berk. Out. p. 238. C. Hbk. n. 740. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 696. — Sow. t. 191. D. Subcoriacei. Pileus at the first indurated, &c. * Pileus tomentose, velvety. 8. P. perenilis Fr. — Pileus cinnamon then date-brown, cori- aceous, tough, plano-infundibuliform, velvety becoming smooth, zoned. Stem slightly firm, thickened downwards, velvety. Pores minute, angular, acute, at first sprinkled with a white bloom, then naked, torn. The margin when the plant is in fullest vigour is fimbriate, then entire. On the ground and stumps. Frequent. July-Jan. Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad. Stem 2.5 cent. (1 in.) long, varying in thickness. M.J.B. Spores oval, white, 3 x 2 mk. W.G.S. Name—perennis, perennial. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 531. Berk. Out. p. 238. C. Hbk. >i. 741. S. Mvcol. Scot. n. 697. Kostk. t. 6. Husseyx. t. 51.— Zi»*. Scheeff. t. 125. Sow . t. 192. Fl. Dan. t. 1075. Bull. t. 28, 449. /. 2. Bolt. t. 87. 190 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. ** PUeus very smooth. No British species. II. Pleuropus. Pileus pliant or corky &c. A. Lenti. 'PUeusficshy-flliant, &c. * Pileus scaly orfloccose. 9. P. squamosum Fr. — Pileus 3 \r\.-\% ft. broad, somewhat ochraceous, variegated with broad, adpressed, spot-like, centri- fugal, darker scales, fleshy pliant, fan- shaped, flattened. Stem excentric and lateral, obese, reticulated at the apex, blackish at the base. Pores thin, variable (at first minute), then large angular and torn, pallid. Handsome, commonly very large, some- what central and umbilicate when young, at length lateral, very variable in shape. On trunks and stumps, chiefly ash. Common. May-Nov. When young a mere swollen blackish lump. Spores oval, white, 14 x 6 mk W.G.S. Name — squama, a scale. Scaly Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 532. Syst. Myc. i. p 343. Berk. Out. p. 238. C. Hbk. n. 742 S. Mycol. Scot. n. 698. Grev. t. 207 Rostk. t. 2. Ventur. t. 37. Hussey i. t. 33 — Huds. Bolt. t. 77. Schczff. t. ioi, 102 Bull. t. 19. Harz. t. 32. Fl. Dan. t. 983, 1196. Paul. t. 16. Sterb. t. 13, 14. B. pileus fuliginous. 10. P. Michelii Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, yellow- ish-white, fleshy-pliant, depressed, repand, slightly silky, some- what squamulose. Stem 4 cent. {1% in.) long, somewhat lateral, bulbous, rough, white, becoming fuscous at the base. Pores large, somewhat rouud-oblong, entire, white. Allied to P. squamosus. On stumps. Penzance. Name — after Micheli. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 533. Syst. Myc. i. p. 343. B. & Br. n. 1963. Rostk. t. 1. — Mich. t. 61. f. 2. 11. P. melanopus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, white then yellowish-fuscous, fleshy-pliant, plane then infundi- buliform, at first delicately flocculosej flesh thick, white, soft, not LXIV. Polyporus squamosus. One-seventh natural size. POLYPORUS. 191 becoming woody. Stem 4 cent. (1%. in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) Polypoms. thick, excentric, somewhat velvety, incurved, thickened down- wards, black. Pores decurrent, curt, minute, obtuse, unequal, white. The pileus is at length, and at first sight smooth. Stem diffused into the pileus. On dead wood and roots. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — pikw;, black ; 71W?, a foot. Black-stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 534. Syst. Myc. i. p. 543. B. & Br. n. 1286. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 699. Rostk. t. 4. — Swart z V. A. H. ** Pileus even, very smooth. 12. P. Rostkovii Fr. — Pileus smoke- colour, fleshy -pliant, dimidiato-infundibuliform, smooth, even. Stem long, excentric, reticulated, abruptly black, thickened at the base. Pores decur- rent, large, pentagonal, acute, toothed, white then dingy-yel- lowish. In size it vies with P. squamosus to which it is allied. The stem is gener- ally longer, incurved, connate and somewhat caespitose at the base. The pileus inclines to yellowish. The pores are deeply decurrent on the outer side of the stem. On stumps. Rare. Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) broad. Stem long. Pores 4 mm. (2 lin.) or more long. B. 6° Br. Spores with two nuclei, 14x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Rostkovius. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 534. Berk. Out. p. 238. C. Hbk. ?i. 743. Rostk. t. 17. 13. P. picipes Fr. — Pallid then chestnut, commonly pale yel- lowish-livid, with the disc chestnut. Pileus fleshy-coriaceous then rigid, tough, even, smooth, depressed at the disc or behind ; flesh white. Stem excentric and lateral, equal, firm, at first vel- vety, then naked, dotted, black up to the pores. Pores decurrent, round, very small, rather slender, white, then slightly pale yellowish. Imbricated, odour somewhat sweet. The pileus is depressed behind, com- monly emarginate, infundibuliform with lobes all round. On trunks, especially willow. Frequent. July-Dec. Name — pix, pitch ; pes, a foot. Black-stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 534. Berk. Out. p. 239. C. Hbk. n. 744. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 700. — Grcv. t. 202. Pers. Ic. pict. t. 4./. 1, 2. 14. P. varius Fr. — Pileus commonly bay-brown, fleshy-pliant, extenuated, soon woody, smooth, somewhat virgate, irregularly shaped, depressed at the disc or behind. Stem excentric and 192 POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. lateral, even, smooth, gradually cinereous -blackish downwards. Pores decurrent, minute, curt, round, unequal, whitish (inter- nally watery) then cinnamon. In stature, form, &c. , it is not constant. The colour is commonly bay-brown (fuliginous and very evidently virgate when old) but (compare Bolt. t. 168) pale when young, and when full grown, as it is also internally, light yellowish. It varies sessile ; also crowded in very large, irregularly shaped tufts, in habit quite as in Schceff. t. 109, 1 10. On trunks and stumps, especially ash. P'requent. Aug.-Oct. Pileus 12 mm. -10 cent. (%~4 in.) broad. M.J.B. Name — varius, variable (in size, form, colour, &c.) Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 535. Berk. Out. p. 239. C. Hbk. n. 745. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 701. Batschf. 129. Vcntur. t. 57. f. 2. — Rostk. 28. t. 24, /. 20. Buxb. C. v. /. 15. /. 2. 15. P. elegans Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, uni- colorous, pallid ochraceous or orange, shining, equally fleshy, then soon hardened, becoming woody, flattened, even, smooth ; flesh white. Stem excentric or lateral, even, smooth, pallid, at the first abruptly black and rooting at the base. Pores plane, minute, somewhat round, yellowish-white, pallid. White when young. The pileus is not streaked, nor is it infundibuliform, scarcely depressed. The flesh is thick to the margin. On trunks, chiefly birch. Frequent. July-Nov. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad. Name— elegans, elegant. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 535. Berk. Ojd. p. 239. C. Hbk. n. 746. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 702. — Bull. t. 46. Fl. Dan. t. 1075./. *• Rostk. t. 11. Bolt. t. 83. * P. nummularius Fr. Smaller, thinner. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, somewhat regular. Stem equal, excentric. It merges in P. elegans without definite line of demarcation. On trunks. Uncommon. Dec. Name — nummulus, a small coin. From fancied resemblance of shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 536. Berk. Out. p. 239. C. Hbk. n. 746. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 702. Rostk. I. 12. Bull. t. 124. 16. P. petaloides Fr. — Pileus chestnut-fuscous, somewhat mem- branaceous, spathulate, rugose, smooth, zoneless, flaccid when moist. Stem lateral, ascending, compressed, smooth, not root- ing, whitish, adnate at the base which is dilated in the for?n of a shield. Pores decurrent, very short, very small, shining white. When dry it is involute and fragile, not becoming woody like preceding species. On old stumps. Sibbertoft. Name- -from some fancied resemblance to the petal of a flower. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 536. B. & Br. n. 2023. POLYPORUS. 193 B. Suberosi-lignosi. Pileus thick, hard, zoneless, &c. Poiyporus. 17. P. lucidus Fr. — Pileus light yellow then blood-red-chest- nut, corky then woody, fan-shaped, sulcato-rugose. Stem lateral, equal, varnished, shining, of the same colour as the pileus. Pores determinate, long, minute, white then cinnamon. On and about stumps. Frequent. Summer. Pileus 5-15 cent. (2-6 in.) broad. Stem 15-25 cent. (6-10 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) or more thick. M.J.B. Name — lucidus, bright, shining. From the stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 537. Berk. Out. p. 240. t. 16. f 2. C. Hbk. n. 748. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 703. Krombh.t. 4. f. 22-24. Rostk. t. 13. Grev. t. 245. Ventur. t. 49. — Leys. Sow. t. 134. Fl. Dan. t. 1253. Schceff. t. 263. Batschf. 2.1$. Bull. t. 7, 459. III. Merisma. Very many pileoli, &c. A. Carnosi. VWtusjleshy, firm, &c. 18. P. umbellatus Fr. — Very much branched, fibrous-fleshy, toughish. Pileoli very numerous, 1-4 cent. {%-\% in.) broad, fuliginous, rufous or pallid light yellow, entire, umbilicate. Stems elongated, separate, united at the base, white. Pores minute, white. The pileoli have occurred white. On stump. Epping. July. Cluster about 17.5x12.5 cent. (7x5 in.) M.C.C. Name — umbel la, a sun- shade, parasol. From its spreading habit. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 537. Syst. Myc. i. p. 354. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 36. Krombh. t. 52./. 3-9. Lenz f. 44. Tratten. t. T. Quel. t. 18./. 1. — Schceff. t. iii. 265, 266. Jacqu. Austr. t. 172. Fl. Dan. t. 11 97. 19. P. frondosus Fr. — Tuft 15-30 cent. {l/z-\ ft.) broad, very much branched, fibrous-fleshy, toughish. Pileoli very numer- ous, 1-5 cent. (K-2 m-)> fuliginous-grey, dimidiate, rugose, lobed, intricately recurved ; flesh white. Stems growing into each other, white. Pores rather tender, very small, acute, white. Pores commonly round, but in an oblique position gaping open and torn. On stumps and roots. Rare. Oct. Name—frons, a leafy branch. Branched. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 538. Syst. Myc. \. p. 355. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 44. B. & Br. n. 1364. Krombh. t. 48./ 17-20. Rostk. t. 18. — Fl. Dan. t. 952. Paul. t. 29. Sterb. t. 28. 20. P. intybaceus Fr. — Very much branched, fleshy, somewhat fragile. Pileoli very numerous, pale yellowish inclining to fus- cous, dimidiate, stretched out, sinuate, at length spathulate. VOL. 11. N 194 POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. Stems connate in a very short trunk. Pores firm, obtuse, white inclining to fuscous. B. truncigenus flaps elongated, conchate, extended laterally, undulated, paler. Paul, t. 130. Odour of mice. On stumps, especially oak. Rare. Sept. About same size as P. frondosus and larger. Spores oval, white, 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Edible. Name — from its likeness in habit of growth to succory {Cichorium intybus). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 538. Berk. Out. p. 240. C. Hbk. n. 749. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 704. Hussey i. t. 6. — Fl. Dan. t. 1793- 21. P. cristatus Fr. — Branched, firmly fleshy, fragile. Pileoli about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, rufous-green- ish, entire and dimidiate, imbricated, depressed, somewhat pulverulent-vil- Stems connate, irregularly shaped, white. Pores minute, angular and torn, whitish. Very changeable in form, sometimes simple with an undulato-lobed, central pileus. B.flabelliformis Schceff. t. 113. In beech woods. Rare. Name — crista, a crest. Crested. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 539. Syst. Myc. i. p. 356. Berk. Out. p. 240. C. Hbk. n. 750. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 705. Krombh. t. 48. /". 15-16. Barla t. 29./. 4-7. Rostk. t. 16. — Pers. Myc. Eur. ii. p. 50. LXV. Polyporiis i7itybaceus. One-sixth natural size. lous, then rimosely scaly. B. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant then somewhat coriaceous, &c. 22. P. giganteus Fr. — Tuft 1-2 ft. and more broad, in many imbricated layers, fleshy-pliant then somewhat coriaceous. Pilei date-brown, dimidiate, very broad, flaccid, somewhat zoned, rivu- lose, depressed behind. Stems connato-branched from a common tuber. Pores minute, sojnewhat round, pallid, at length torn. The rigid cuticle separates into granules or fibrillose squamules. Pores becoming dark when touched. On stumps and old roots under ground. Frequent. Aug.- Sept. It occurs 3-4 ft. broad. Name — g'gas, a giant. Gigantic. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 540. Syst. Myc. i. p. 356. Berk. Out. p. 240. C. Hbk. n. 751. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 706. Hussey i. t. 82. — Pers. Schceff. t. 267. Bolt. t. 76. Var. clavceformis : Holmsk. Ot. 2. t. 13. POLYPORUS. 195 23. P. acanthoides Fr. — In many imbricated layers, pliant Polyporus. then coriaceous. Pileoli ferruginous, infundibuliform, inciso- dimidiate, somewhat zoned, longitudinally rugose. Stems con- nato-branched, white the?i rufescent. Pores lamelloso-sinuate, thin, toothed at the edge, white then rufescent. Thinner than P. giganteus, pale when young. Although it is somewhat coriaceous, it very soon hardens, and becomes fragile when old. P. rufescens differs sufficiently in the spongy, hairy pileus, in not being undulato-lobed, &c. On trunks. Penzance. Name — a/cai>0o;, elSos. From the resemblance of the pileoli to Acanthus leaves. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 540. B. 6s Br. n. 1694. — Bull. t. 486. Pers. Ic. Pict. t. 6. C. Caseosi. Pileus cheesy, &c. 24. P. sulphureus Fr. — In many casspitose layers, 1-2 ft. and more, juicy-cheesy. Pilei 20 cent. (8 in.) or more broad, reddish- yellow, imbricated, undulated, rather smooth ; flesh light yellow- ish, then white, splitting open and not hardened when old. Pores minute, plane, sulphur-yellow. Soon becoming pale. Commonly sessile, but varying with a stem (Ball. t. 34. B. Paul. t. 14), lateral on standing trees, but expanded on all sides on fallen ones; also club-shaped, porous throughout, Sow. In its fullest vigour it is filled with sulphur-yellow milk. On living trees and stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Whole mass sometimes 2-2K ft. broad. A lovely plant, of delicate shades. Spores oval, white, minutely papillose, 8 x 5 mk. W.G.S. Edible. Name — sulphur, brimstone. Sulphur-yellow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 542. Syst. Myc. i. p. 357. Sv. all. Sv. t. 88. Berk. Out. p. 241. /. 16. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 752. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 707. Grev. t. 113. Ventur. t. 53. /. 6-7. Rostk. t. 20. Hussey i. /. 46. — Bull. I. 429. Sow. t. 135. Schceff. t. 131, 132. Fl. Dan. t. 1019. 25. P. Herbergii Rostk. — Casspitose, rather corky. Pileoli imbricated, bright bay, sulphury about the margin. Pores labyrinthiform, unequal, torn and toothed, pale cinereous. On trunks. Edinburgh Fungus Show, 1878. Oct. Referred with doubt to P. spongia by Fries. Berkeley considers it clearly the plant of Rostkovius. Name — after Herbergius. Rostk. xxix. /. 18. />. 6s Br. n. 1805. Grevillca, viii. p. 6. P. spongia Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 542. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 708. 26. P. alligatus Fr. — In many caespitose layers, fibrous-fleshy, rigid-fragile. Pilei tan-isabelline, imbricated, unequal, soneless, villous. Pores minute, soft, white, readily becoming stopped up with flocci. 196 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. Often clavate when young. Commonly wrapping round stipules and grasses. On roots, &c. Rare. Name — alligo, to bind to. From its habit of growth. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 543. Berk. Out. p. 241. C. Hbk. 11. 753. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 709. — Sow. t. 422. D. Suberosi. Pileus corky or coriaceous, &c. 27. P. heteroclitus Fr. — In many casspitose layers, coriaceous. Pilei 6 cent. {2% in.) broad, ora?tge, sessile, expanded on all sides from a radical tubercle, lobed, villous, zoneless. Pores irregu- larly shaped and elongated, golden-yellow. On the ground under oak. Rare. The flat pilei extend horizontally from the tubercle. Name — eVepos, one of two ; K\iuui, to lean. Irregular, excentric. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 544. Syst. Myc. \. p. 344. Berk. Out. p. 241. C. Hbk. n. 754. — Bolt. t. 164. 28. P. salignus Fr. — Csespitose, coriaceous-soft, elastic. Pilei whitish, dimidiate, imbricated, dilated -reniform, adpressedly villous, depresso-sulcate round the margin which is somewhat lobed and swollen. Pores thin, crowded, elongated, intricately flexuous, white. The tufts are commonly small, inodorous. On willows. Uncommon. Name— salix, willow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 544. Berk. Out. p. 241. C. Hbk. n. -jS5.—Pe?-s. Bolt. t. 78. Batt. t. 38./. E. IV. Apus. Pileus sessile, &c. A. Anodermei. Pileus without a cuticle, &c. 1. Carnosi. Pileus cheesy, &c. * Eupolyporei. Pores roimd, entire, &>c. 29. P. epileucus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, whitish, similar internally, cheesy-soft then firm, pulvinate, villous-rugged. Pores minute, round, quite entire, white. Simple, semi -orbicular, concave beneath, not fibrous internally, scarcely zoned ; pores at first scarcely discernible. On stumps, chiefly fir and elm. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Name — em, and Aeuxo?, white. Whitish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 545. Stnith Seem. Journ. 1868, p. 34. B. 6° Br. n. 1287. C. Hbk. n. 756. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 710. — Fl. Dan. t. 1794. POLYPORUS. 197 30. P. alutaceus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad and thick, Polyporus. tan, fleshy, at length tough, reniform-dilated, somewhat velvety, obsoletely zoned within, margin acute, even. Pores very small, thin, somewhat round, whitish-tan-colour. Somewhat imbricated, sometimes convex, sometimes flattened, occasionally hairy and rugose, plane beneath. On decayed pine-stumps. Glamis, 1876. Sept.-Oct. Tubes about 18 mm. (K in.) long. Name — aluta, tanned leather. Tan- colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 545. Syst. Myc. i. p. 360. B. & Br. ti. 1799. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 711. — Rostk. t. 30. 31. P. pallescens Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellowish, the acute margin of the same colour, fleshy then corky, even, smooth, zoneless. Pores curt, minute, round, white, then yellowish. Somewhat caespitose, commonly small and thin, of doubtful affinity. On old stumps. Rare. Name— /«//««, to grow pale. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 546. Syst. Myc. i. p. 369. Berk. Out. p. 244. C. Hbk. n. 773. — Sow. t. 230. 32. P. chioneus Fr.— White. Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.)and more broad, fleshy, soft, becoming even, smooth, zoneless, often extended behind, margin inflexed. Pores curt, very small, round, equal, quite entire. Always soft, fragile, hyaline-white when moist, shining white when dry. Odour acid. Without a cuticle. On stumps, &c. Uncommon. July-Sept. Spores white, oval, 21x3 mk. W.G.S. Name— \mv, snow. Snow-white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 546. Berk. Out. p. 241. C. Hbk. n. 757. S. Mycol. Scot. u. 712. — Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. /. 15./. 2. 33. P. cerebrinus B. & Br. — About 2.5 cent. (1 in.) across, snow-white, pulvinate, delicately tomentose, becoming smooth, margin crenate. Pores rounded, entire, dissepiments thick, obtuse. Looks like a portion of white brain. On fir. Glamis, 1877. Aug. Name — cerebrum, brain. Brain-like. B. & Br. n. 1800. S. My< .'. Scot. n. 713. ** Pores elongated, fiexuous, &c. 34. P. lacteus Fr. — Shining white. Pileus flesh)- - fibrous, 198 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. fragile, triangular, pubescent, zoneless externally and internally, margin inflexed, acute. Pores thin, acute, toothed, at length labyrintliiform, torn. Commonly small, thin, but sometimes larger, transversely elongated, very much sloped downwards and gibbous behind, at length becoming smooth and uneven. On dead laburnum and birch. Rare. Sept.-Nov. Name— lac, milk. Milk-white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 546. Icon. t. 182. /. 1. -5. Mycol. Scot. n. 714. Rostk. t. 23. 35. P. fragilis Fr. — Whitish, spotted with fuscous when touched. Pileus fleshy, fibrous, fragile, piano-depressed and reniform, rugose, convex beneath. Pores thin, elongato-flexuous, intricate. Very distinct, although no form is constant. It varies stretched out in the form of a stem and pendulous. On dead pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name— fragilis, fragile. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 546. Icon. t. 182. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. n. 758. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 715. 36. P. mollis Fr. — Pileus flesh - colour, fleshy -fibrous, soft, effuso - reflexed, somewhat triangular, rugose, margin acute. Pores unequal, elongated, flexuous, soft, white, spotted with red when touched. Not watery, but soft to the touch, seriato-elongated or resupinate. On dead pine. Slough. Name — mollis, soft. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 547. Icon. t. 182./". 3. B. & Br. 71. 1365. — Pers. Obs. i. p. 14. 37. P. csesius Fr. — White, ?iow a?id the?i tinged bluish-grey. Pileus 1-5 cent. (X-2 in.) broad, fleshy, soft, tough, unequal, silky. Pores very small, unequal, elongato-flexuous and torn into teeth. Small, variable in form, stipitate and resupinate. On dead fir. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores pale blue, oval, 3x14 mk. IV.G.S. Name—cczsius, bluish-grey. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 547. Syst. Myc. i. p. 36c. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. 12. 759. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 716. — Schrad. Sow. t. 226. 38. P. trabeus Rostk. — White. Pileus fleshy- fibrous, then firm, effuso-reflexed, transversely elongated, zoneless, pallid. Pores curt, minute, somewhat round or elongated, toothed, white. Commonly conjoined with P. dest?-uctor. Both vary effused and reflexed, smooth and pubescent, but P. trabeus is more regular, of brighter colour, hyaline within when moist, obsoletely zoned. POLYPORUS. 199 On dead pine. Den of Dun, 1874. Menmuir. Feb. Polyporus. Name — trabs, timber, a vessel. Found in ships. Rostk. t. 28. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 547. B. &■ Br. n. 1428. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 717. 39. P. destructor Fr. — Pileus fuscous-whitish, watery, fleshy, effuso-reflexed, fragile, rugose, somewhat undulated, zoned inter- nally. Pores elongated, somewhat round, toothed or torn, white. B. undulated, broadly expanded, marginate, whitish-date-brown, It softens and destroys wood like Merulius lachryma?is. On fir, larch and Scotch. Common. July-Dec. Sometimes almost resupinate or effused. M.J.B. Name — destruo, to de- stroy. From its destroying wood. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 547. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. 11. 760. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 718. Krombh. t. 5. f. 8. — Schrad. Rostk. t. 27. 2. Lenti. Pileus fleshy pliant, &c. * Substance coloured. 40. P. nidulans Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (J^-i in.) thick, some- what pale yellowish^ of the same colour internally, fleshy, very soft-, somewhat pulvinate, villous, becoming even, zoneless. Pores elongated, of medium size, unequal, angular, taw?iy-brick-colour. Fragrant when dry, remarkable for its softness. Margin spreading, some- what obtuse. There are two forms, one pale yellowish, the other somewhat flesh-colour. On dead wood. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name — nidus, a nest. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 548. Syst. Myc. i. p. 364. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. ?i. 761. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 719. — P. rutilans Saund. & Sm. t. 45. —Bull. I. 482. 41. P. rutilans Fr. — Pileus tawny- cinnamon becoming pale (tawny), of the same colour internally, fleshy-pliant, thin, at first villous, then becoming smooth, zoneless. Pores curt, minute, thin, equal, acute, cinnamon, somewhat shining. Pileus at length juiceless, friable, the slight margin inflexed, but not in- curved or fimbriate as in P. cuticularis. Variable in form, but extenuated, not pulvinate and convex on both sides like P. nidtclans. On fallen branches. Uncommon. When fresh has a sweet scent like that of anise. M.J.B. Name— rutilo, to be reddish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 548. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. u. 762.— Pers. 1c. t. 6./. 4. 42. P. gilvus Schw.— Tileus pale yellowish, fleshy-pliant, effuso- reflexed, soft, even, becoming smooth, zoneless, margin spreading, thin, acute. Pores very small, naked, quite entire, pale yellow- ish-ferruginous, opaque. 200 P0LYP0REI. Polyporus. Commonly longitudinally effused, flaxy in close places, soft to the touch, properly velvety, but becoming so even as to appear smooth. On trunks. Rare. Fries has no doubt that Sowerby's Boletus impuber is the same plant, and therefore it must be included as British. Name — gilvus, pale yellowish. Schwein. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 548. — Sow. t. 195. ** Substance white. 43. P. fumosus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fuligi?i- ous-pallid, fleshy-corky,yfr//z,zoneless, silky then becoming smooth, adnate and dilated behind, internally fibrous, somewhat zoned. Pores minute, curt, round, entire, whitish-smoke-colour, darker when bruised. Caespitose, imbricated, moderately thick, attenuated towards the margin which becomes black. Colour more or less smoky. On old stumps. Common. Oct.-Dec. Smell oppressive. M.J.B. Name— fumosus, smoky. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 549. Syst. Myc. i. p. 367. Berk. Out. p. 243. C. Hbk. n. 763. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 720. Kl. Bor. t. 392. Rostk. t. 42. Pers. Tratten. t. 3. f. 5. 44. P. adustus Fr. — Pileus cinereous-pallid, fleshy-pliant, thin, villous, efiliso-reflexed behind, the margin which is tense and straight becoming black. Pores minute,, curt, round, obtuse, whitish-pruinose soon cinereous-fuscous, the marginal ones ob- solete. Like P. fumosus, but thinner, darker ; pileus spuriously zoned, slightly wrinkled. Pores at length blackish. *£>' On old stumps. Frequent. Sept.-Jan. Pores always leaving a whitish margin on the under side. Name — aduro, to burn. Appearing as if scorched. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 549. Berk. Out. p. 243. C. Hbk. n. 764. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 721. Fl. Dan. t. 1850./. 1. Kl. Bor. t. 472. Rostk. t. 38. — Willd. Bull. t. 501./. 2. Batschf. 226. 45. P. crispus Fr. — Pileus cinereous-blackish, fleshy-pliant then coriaceous, tough, rugose, effuso-reflexed behind, margin thin, crisped, at length black. Pores rather large, unequal, at length labyrinthiform, silvery-cinereous. Small, pileus when young fuliginous-black, floccoso-rugose, zoneless, white at the margin, when full grown thinner, flexile, becoming pale, grey, becoming smooth with a fuscous marginal zone (occasionally with many zones). On old stumps. Uncommon. Dec. Name — crispa, a curl. From the crisped margin. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 550. Berk. Out. p. 243. C. Hbk. n. 765. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 72.2.. — Pers. Obs. Myc. Up. 8. POLYPORUS. 201 46. P. amorphus Fr.— Pileus shining white, fleshy-pliant, thin, Poiyporus. effuso-reflexed, silky. Pores minute, unequal, golden. Often casspitose, imbricated, very irregular, also resupinate on ground covered with pine-needles. On fir-stumps and among pine-leaves. Uncommon. Now- Jan. Name — a, m°p Br. n. 1965. — Quel. t. 17./ 5. 63. P. conchatus Fr. — Pileus date-brown, corky inclining to the nature of tinder, thin, effused, someiahal shell- shaped-reflexed, concentrically sulcate, tomentose, margin acute. Pores curt, very small, the thin trama of the same colour. Pileus concave beneath. It varies wholly resupinate. On trunks, willow, &c. Frequent. Distinguished from P. ribis by its harder substance and smoother pileus. M.J.B. Name — concha, a shell. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 560. Berk. Out. p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 781. S. Mycol. Scot. n. j^.—Pers. Myc. Eur. ii. p. 85. 64. P. ribis Fr. — Pileus as much as 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, fer- ruginous then ?nnber, corky-coriaceous, becoming plane, rather even, velvety, tawny internally and at the acute margin. Pores curt, 2 mm. (1 lin.) long, very small, naked, tawny. Perennial. Imbricated, somewhat zoned. On currant and gooseberry bushes. Common in England. Name— ribis, currant. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 560. Sysl. Myc. i. p. 375. Berk. Out. p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 780. Rostk. t. 53. Fl. Dan. t. 1790./. 2. Corda Sturm, xi. /. 62. — Schum. Bull. t. 454./". E. 65. P. salicinus Fr. — Pileus cinnamon then hoary, woody, very hard, undulated, smooth, for the most part resupinate, margin short, obtuse, spreading. Pores very small, round, ferruginous- cinnamon. Pileus 30 cent. (12 in.) and more, often interrupted. Allied to P. fomenta- rlus or igniarius, with an ebony-black crust. From its situation wholly re- supinate or in vertical places encircled above with a narrow, undulated, smooth margin. On willows. Common. Autumn. Name — salix, willow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 560. Syst. Myc. \. p. 376. Icon, t. 135./. 1. Berk. Out. p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 782. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 736. *** Substa?ice white or pallid (except P. roseus). 66. P. roseus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, 1-2.5 cent- (j4-i in.) thick, externally and internally rose-colour, corky- woody, hard, triangular, even, somewhat banded, externally as if blown upon with cinereous-blackish powder, internally floccoso- fibrous. Pores minute, round, rose-colour. Somewhat caespitose. POLYPORUS. 207 On dressed wood in conservatory. Glamis, 1877. Autumn. Poiyporus. Name — roseus, rose-colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 562. Syst. Myc. i. p. 372. B. & Br. n. 1801. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 737. — A. & S. p. 251. 67. P. ulmarius Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, in the first season white, corky-woody, very hard, incrusted, tuber- cular, becoming smooth, substance white. Pores round, stratose, yellowish. A. first season, pileus white. Sow. t. 88. B. In succeeding seasons, pileus blackish, margin tawny. Berk. Out. t. 16. f. 5. The two figures are so unlike that one would scarcely suppose them to be allied. On old elm. Frequent. Sept. 'Sa.me—ulmus, elm. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 562. Syst. Mvc. \. p. 36^. Berk. Out. p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 783. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 738. Hussey i. t. 64. Sow. & Berk, quoted above. 68. P. cytisinus Berk. — Large, 30 cent. (12 in.) or more across, imbricated. Pileus coarsely tuberculated, hard, woody, margin subacute. Pores minute, nearly white. Dimidiate, quite smooth at least when dry ; substance slightly zoned, very thick and close, but composed of velvety fibres, pale, nearly white, evidently composed of two or three successive layers. On laburnum. Rare. Name— cytisus, laburnum. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 142. Out. p. 247. C.Hbk. n. 785. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 739. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 562. — Soiv . t. 288. 69. P. connatus Fr. — Pilei white or cinereous, corky-woody, effuso-reflexed, imbricated like the steps of a ladder, growing i?ito each other, villous, internally white. Pores stratose, minute, somewhat round, white. Increasing from season to season and distinctly stratose, pileus commonly covered with mosses growing upon it. On old trunks, elm, crab-tree, &c. Frequent. Autumn. Running up trunks for 1 or 2 ft. M.J.B. Name — con, together; ?iatus, born. Growing together. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 563. Icon. t. 185./. 2. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk. n. 789. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 740. Batt. t. 37./. G. 6. Lignosi. Pileus from the first hard, woody, Sec. 70. P. fraxineus Fr. — Pileus white then rubiginous and fus- cous, corky-woody, smooth, somewhat plane, zoneless, at first even, then concentrically sulcato-plicate, pallid within. Pores minute, curt, rufous-ferruginous, at first, as well as the margin, covered over with white greasy villous down. Variable in form, softer when young, but not fleshy, truly perennial. 2 08 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. On old ash. Frequent. May-Nov. Solitary or imbricated. Smell strong and penetrating. M.J.B. Spores ovoid-sphaeroid, 6-7 mk. Q. Name— fraxinus, ash-tree. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 563. Berk. Out. p. 247. C. Hbk. n. 784. S. My col. Scot. n. 741.— Bull. t. 433-/ 2- 71. P. variegatus Seer. — Pileus variegated orange and bay- brown, corky-woody, somewhat plane, even, smooth, zoneless, shining, pallid within. Pores round, minute, curt, unequal and torn, yellowish. With the habit of P. varius, but decurrent at the base as is usual in this section. Sowerby compares it with P. lucidus as regards its substance. On trunks. Rare. Name — variegatus, variegated. From the colours. Seer. n. 45. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 563. Berk. Out. p. 247. C. Hbk. ?i. 786. — Sow. t. 368. 72. P. carneus Nees. — Pileus flesh-colour, of the same colour internally, effuso-reflexed, woody, hard, thin, rugose, smooth, zoneless. Pores minute, round, decurrent at the base. .Smaller and thinner than P. fraxineus and P. variegatus, but hard and perennial. On old stump. Welshpool, 187 1. Nov. Name — caro, flesh. Flesh-colour. Nees Nov. Act. Nat. Curios, xlii. /. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 563. B. & Br. n. 1366. 73. P. annosus Fr. — Pileus woody, convex then becoming plane, rugoso-tubercular, in the first season brow7i and silky, in the second and subsequent seasons covered with a rigid, smooth, blackish crust, white within. Pores of medium size, whitish. A. Pileus reflexed, pores obtuse. B. Pileus wholly resupinate, pores un- equal. Very variable in form, but very distinct. About roots of stumps, &c. Very common. April-Dec. Forming masses 3 in.-i^ ft. wide of imbricated, rugged, or radiato-striate brown pilei, marked with strong vaulted zones. M.J.B. Name — annus, a year. From its growing yearly. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 564. Icon. t. 186. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 247. C. Hbk. n. 788. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 742. — Rostk. 4. /. 29. 74. P. populinus Fr. — White. Pileus 12 mm. (>£ in.) broad, corky-woody, rigid, zoneless, villous, of the same colour inter- nally, margifi obtuse. Pores minute, curt, round. Imbricated, growing into each other at the decurrent base, transversely dilated. Not stratose. On trunks of poplar. Uffington, Lincolnshire. Very much the habit of P. connatus. B. & Br. Name — populus, poplar. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 564. Syst. Myc. i. p. 367. B. &» Br. n. 1288. POLYPORUS. 209 C. Inodermei. Pileus from the first arid and firm, &c. Polypoms. 7. Stupposi. Pileus flocculose then smooth, &c. * Substance coloured. 75. P. radiatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, corky, coriaceous, rigid, radiato-rugose, at first velvety, tawny, then becoming smooth, ferruginous-fuscous, margin spreading, repand. Pores minute, pallid, silvery-glistening, at length ferruginous. Very much imbricated, growing into each other, becoming woody, but not perennial. On hazel, alder, &c. Frequent. Oct.-Feb. Name — radiatus, radiate. From the wrinkles on the pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 565. Syst. Myc. i. p. 369. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk. n. 790. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 743. Kl. t. 461. — Sow. t. 196. Batt. t. 39. C. 76. P. polymorphus Rostk.— Pileus timber, resupinate, effused, coriaceous, margin reflexed, crisped, smooth. Pores rather large, angular and torn, pallid. The above description is from the figure. From the description of the author it is wholly bay-brown-pallid. On fir in a fence. Forres. Aug. Name — 7roAv'?, many; nopfyrj, form. Rostk. 4. t. 56. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 566. B. & Br. n. 1802. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 744. 77. P. cryptarum Fr. — Pileus rufescent -ferruginous, corky- cottony, effuso-reflexed and variable, zoneless, adpressedly silky, paler internally. Pores very long, minute, round, paler than the pileus. Exceedingly changeable in form and colour, becoming paler with the weather. On fir-trees. Frequent. Nearly related to P. ferruginosus, and perhaps a mere state of it. B. 6^ Br. Name — crypta, a vault, cellar. Probably first found in cellar. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 566. B. & Br. n. 1804. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. t. 16./. 3.— Bull. t. 478. ** Substa?ice white. 78. P. gossypinus Lev.— White. Pileus coriaceous, effuso- reflexed, becoming plane, tomentose, zoneless, substance of the same colour. Pores at first labyrinthine, then angular, pallid cinereous, dissepiments thin, slightly toothed. The pores are three or four times longer than the flesh of the pileus is thick. vol. ir. o 2IO POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. On old stumps of Ulex. Sibbertoft. Name — gossypitim, cotton. Leveill. Ami. Sc. Nat. 1843, P- I24« — Fr.Hym. Eur. p. 566. B. 6^ Br. n. 2024. 79. P. fibula Fr. — Whitish. Pileus coriaceous, soft, tough, velvety -hairy, zoneless, often radiato- rugose, internally snow- white, margin entire, acute. Pores small, rounded, acute, at length torn, yellowish. Small, adnate behind, everywhere free at the circumference, sometimes forming orbicular shields, sometimes variable in form from growing into each other. On the door of a wine-cellar. Rare. Name— ^a/<7, a button. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 567. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk. n. 791. Sow. t. 387. f. 8. 8. Coriacei. Pileus coriaceous, villous, &c. 80. P. hirsutus Fr. — Pileus unicolorons, but zoned with con- centric furrows, whitish, corky-coriaceous, convexo-plane, shaggy with rigid hairs. Pores round, obtuse, whitish, becoming some- what fuscous. B. Pores wholly white. C. Pores yellow at the orifice, but white within. D. Pores obtuse, angular. E. Margin of the pileus ferruginous (Ft. Dan. t. 2079./ 1). F. pileus blackish. On dead trunks. Near Twycross. Name — hirsutus, hairy. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 567. B. & Br. n. 1139. C. Hbk. 71. 792. — Wulf.\Jacq. Coll. ii. p. 149. 81. P. velutinus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white at length yellowish, corky - coriaceous, plane on both sides, velvety-soft, slightly zo?ied, the extenuated margin acute. Pores round, minute, thin, white. Damp when young, then hardened, not shining like P. versicolor, the zones only a little darker. On stumps, branches, &c. Uncommon. Nov. Sometimes entirely white, and not unfrequently the zones are mere de- pressions. M.J.B. Name — velluetum (low Latin). Velvety. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 568. Syst. Myc. i. p. 368. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk. 71. 793. S. My col. Scot. 71. 745. 82. P. versicolor Fr.— Pileus variegated with differently col- oured zones, coriaceous, thin, rigid, becoming plane, depressed behind, becoming even, velvety, shining. Pores minute, round, acute and torn, white, becoming pale (somewhat yellowish). Varying endlessly both in form and colour. POLYPORUS. 211 ^W5SsS5CSS>»^ LXVI. Polyportis versicolor. One-half natural size. On dead wood. Exceedingly common. April-Dec. More or less imbricated. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad. Name — versicolor, changeable in colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 568. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk n. 794. «S. Mycol. Scot. n. 746. Hussey i. t. 24. — ■ Linu. Bull. t. 86. Bolt. t. 81. Sow. t. 229. Fl. Dan. t. 1554. Schczff. t. 263. Sterb. t. 27. K. Batt. t. 35. A. 83. P. abietinus Fr.— Pileus cin- ereous-white, coriaceous, thin, effuso- reflexed, villous, obsoletely zoned. Pores unequal, torn, violaceous be- coming pale. There is no species more easily distin- guished, though it is sometimes wholly re- supinate, sometimes reflexed, if o?ily once it has been rightly identified when hi full vig- our, and if distinct species are not sought for in old (washed out) and dry specimens. On fir. Common. July-Nov. Fries says it is " the mother of vast confusion." Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad. Often stained with minute green Algce. M.J.B. Name — abies, fir. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 569. Berk. Out. p. 249. C. Hbk. n. 795. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 747. Grev. t. 226. Fl. Dan. t. 2079. / 2- — Dicks. Crypt. 3. /. 9. /. 9. Fl. Dan. t. 1298. 84. P. Wynnei B. & Br. — Confluent, variable in form. Pileus tan-colour, adnate behind, effuso-reflexed, marked with silky raised lines. Pores small, angular, white. Incrusting various substances, with the margin more or less broadly re- flected. Pores ts\ in. across, acquiring a slight tint like that of the pileus in drying. Somewhat of the habit of P. amorphus, but not so fleshy in texture. Running over twigs, grass, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Name — after Mrs Lloyd Wynne. B. & Br. n. 807. Berk. Out. p. 249. C. Hbk. n. 796. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 569. V. Resupinati. Pileus no?ie, &c. * Pores fuscous or blackish. No British species. ** Pores ferruginous or cinnamon. 85. P. umbrinus Fr. — Rufous-umber, resupinate, determinate, undulato-tubercular, defined by a smooth, paler margin. Pores Polyporus. 212 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. minute, somewhat round, unequal, of the same colour as the pileus. Clearly different from P. fen-uginostcs and following species. On trunks. Knowle Park, Burchell. Name — umbrinus, umber-coloured. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 571. B. & Br. n. 1890. — Rostk. 27. t. 6. 86. P. ferruginosus Fr. — As much as 2.5 cent. (1 in.) thick, tawny, date-brown-ferruginous when old, effused, firm, unequal, circumfere?ice sterile. Pores of medium size, very long, somewhat round and torn, cinnamon. Composed chiefly of the elongated pores. On logs, posts, &c. Common. May-Nov. Mycelium ochraceous. At first appearing under the form of a confervoid stratum, which gradually thickens and acquires pores in the centre. M.J.B. Name—ferrum, iron. Rust-coloured. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 571. Berk. Out. p. 249. C. Hbk. n. 798. S. My col. Scot. n. 748. Grev. t. 155. — Schrad. Spic. p. 172. 87. P. contiguous Fr. — Almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, 12 mm. {yi in.) thick, cinnamon when young, effused, firm, smooth, somewhat marginate, margin at the first villous. Pores rather large, equal, obtuse, entire. Smaller than P. fe?'r?tginosus ; distinguished by its ochraceous mycelium from resupinate forms of P. igniarius (of which the mycelium is white accord- ing to Berkeley). On rotten wood and sticks. Uncommon. Name — contiguus, continuous, uninterrupted. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 571. Syst. Myc. \. p. 378. Berk. Out. p. 249. C. Hbk. 11. 797. — Pers. Syn.p. 544. *** Pores purple or violaceo?is. 88. P. violaceus Fr. — Violaceous, effused, determinate, thin, short, even, smooth, closely adnate, destitute of a distinct sub- iculum. Pores short, cellular or veined, quite entire. It approaches the Merulii in the curt, cellular pores. On fir poles and stumps. Frequent. Jan.-May. Spores ovoid, punctate, rose-yellow, 7 mk. Q. Name — violaceus, violet- colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 572. B. & Br. n. 1021. C. Hbk. n. 803. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 749. — Rostk. 27. t. 3. 89. P. purpureus Fr. — Very broadly and widely effused, 10-30 cent. (4-12 in.) long and broad, the mucedinous,fiocculose, white mycelium creeping over the surface of rotten wood. Pores curt, POLYPORUS. 213 scarcely 2 mm. (1 lin.) long, minute, unequal, interruptedly Polypoms. scattered or conglomerate, purple-lilac. On decayed willow. Cotterstock, Norths. ~Sa.me—purpureus, purple. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 572. Syst. Myc. i. /. 379. Berk. Out. p. 250. C. Hbk. n. 804. #•*#* pores reJt 90. P. incarnatus Fr. — Flesh-colour, effused, 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) long, scarcely 2.5 cent. (1 in.) broad, corky-coriaceous, per- sistent, firm, smooth. Pores elongated, unequal, commonly oblique. The superior margin here and there reflexed. Pores oblique from position. On fir. Rare. June-Nov. Sometimes small cottony protuberances occur amongst the pores which have the appearance of small pilei, with tubes underneath. Grev. Name — incarnatus, flesh-colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 573. Syst. Myc. i. p. 379. Icon. t. T89. f. 1. Be?'k. Out. p. 250. C. Hbk. n. 802. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 750. — A. & S. p. 250. 91. P. rufus Fr. — Blood-red-7-nfous, effused, coriaceous, thin, adtiate, even, smooth, determinate. Pores very small, thin, acute. On broom. Strachan, Kincardineshire. Name-ra/w, reddish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 573. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 751. — Rostk. 4. t. 62. 92. P. rhodellus Fr. — White-flesh-colour, effused, 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, thin, adnate, soft, margin determinate, naked. Pores minute, somewhat round, continuous. Thinner than preceding species, apparently nearest to P. vulgaris. In Scotch fir wood. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Name — p68ov, a rose. Slightly rose-colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 573. Syst. Myc. i. p. 380. Icon. t. 189./. 2. B. &■ Br. n. 1806. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 752. — Bull. t. 442. / D. 93. P. micans Fr. — Whitish-Jlesh-colour, effused, thin, adnate, soft, circumferc?ice flaxy and white. Pores very thin, resembling lioneycomb, angular, somewhat crenate. Somewhat orbicular, confluent, fugacious. In the structure of the pores it approaches P. bombycinus. On dead wood, ash. Leighwood, Bristol. Altyre. Nov. Name— mico, to glitter. Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 573. B. 6 Br. "■ 1289. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 753. — Ehrenb. Silv. Berol.p, 30. 214 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. #*#■** P ores yellowish. 94. P. nitidus Fr. — Yellow, effused, thin, somewhat adnate, defined, villoso-marginate at the circu?nference. Pores minute, curt, round, equal, shining. Remarkable for its bright, almost golden colour, and somewhat regular form. On dead wood. Rare. March. Name — nitidus, shining. From the pores. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 574. Berk. Out. p. 250. C. Hbk. n. 799. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 754. — A. & S. p. 258. 95. P. Laestadii Fr. & Berk. — Substance white, hymenium here and there tubercular. Pores bright lemon-yellow. Colour bright persistent yellow, very beautiful. Forming confluent patches, many inches in length. On the under side of a deal board in hothouse. Coed Coch. Name — after C. P. Loestadius. B. & Br. n. 2025. 96. P. bombycinus Fr. — Dingy-yellowish, effused, silky- membranaceous, adhering laxly, spider-web-velvety at the circinn- ference. Pores large, angular. Very distinct and singular. Pores in their first stage forming only small pits, which are sunk in the mycelium, then developed, wholly formed from the tomentum, somewhat round, at length firmer, angular and here and there flexuous. On dead wood. Rare. Name — bombyx, silk. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 575. Berk. Out. p. 250. C. Hbk. ?i. 801. — Sow. t. 387. f. 5. 97. P. aneirinus Sommerf. — White, effused, thin, somewhat innate, flaxy at the circumfereiice. Pores large, cell-like, waxy, angular, smooth, tawny. The growth is at first wholly flaxy ; the formation of pores is the same as in P. bombycinus, but they are at length waxy and often exactly hexagonal. On dead branches. Rare. Oct. Name — av, etpiVeos, woolly. Not woolly. From the pores becoming waxy as contrasted with those of P. bombycinus, which are persistently downy. Sommerf. Lapp. p. 276. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 575. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 816. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 755. 98. P. ramentaceus B. & Br. — Somewhat orbicular ; subicu- lum white, tomentose, margin obsolete. Pores honey-colour, large, aV in- across, somewhat hexagonal, dissepiments thin, slightly rigid, acute. POLYPORUS. 215 On Scotch fir. Glamis, 1874. Sept. Polypoms. Name — 7-amenta, shavings, chips. On chips. B. 6s Br. n. 1809. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 774. ******* pores white then changing colour. 99. P. cinctus Berk. — White, turning pallid, forming small erect scattered tufts, each surroimded by radiatifig strigose fibres. Pores extremely minute, angular, dissepiments extremely thin, edge ragged. Some of the patches are barren, and some at length become confluent. Under favourable circumstances a distinct hymenium, 3 mm. (1% lin. ) thick, with a free, even, abrupt, vertical circumference is formed in the centre of each tuft. On old deal boards. Rare. King's Cliffe. Pores at length pallid ochraceous, darker when dry. Quite peculiar in its structure. Fr. Name — ci?igo, to encircle. From the fibres surrounding the tufts. Berk. Out. p. 250. Mag. Zool. & Bot. i. t. 2. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 805. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 575. 100. P. armeniacus Berk. — Suborbicular, confluent, extremely thin, circumference minutely downy. Pores shallow, minute, nearly round, at first white then bright buff, often confined to the centre, the marginal portion being of a byssoid structure under a lens. %*. - Forming broadly effused patches, composed evidently of many confluent orbicular individuals. On fir bark. Appin. Name — of the colour of apricot (Armeniacum). Berk. Eng. Ft. v. p. 147. Out. p. 250. C. Hbk. n. 800. 101. P. Rennyi B. & Br. — Subiculum thick, pulvinate, pulver- ulent, forming a thick, at first somewhat frothy then pulverulent mass, white, turning to lemon-colour when dry. Pores sparingly produced, white, elongated, dissepiments thin. On Scotch fir stump and running on the ground. Hereford, 1873. Glamis, 1873. Nov. Name — after J. Renny. B. 6° Br. n. 1432. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 756. 102. P. subfusco-flavidus Rostk. — White then light yellow- fuscous, broadly effused by becoming confluent, thin, coriaceous, arid, adnate, margin thin, white-flaxy, determinate. Pores minute, irregular. On oak planks. Roof of King's Cliffe Church. The pores appear when viewed one way of a greyish-brown, and the otlur 2l6 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. white. B. & Br. Name — from the colours. Rostk. 27. t. 11. B. & Br. n. 1022. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 576. P. corticola C. Hbk. n. 817. 103. P. viridans Berk. — At first white, then when dry pallid green, effused, crustaceo-adnate, thin, margin ftulvcrulento- tomentose. Pores minute, angular, dissepiments thin. Habit that of P. vulgaris. On rotten wood. Rare. Sept. Name — virido, to be green. Greenish. B. & Br. n. 347. C. Hbk. ?i. 810. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 576. 104. P. terrestris Fr. — White, effused, spider-web-flaxy, rather tender, fugacious. Pores central, extremely small, white then rufescent. A doubtful and scarcely typical form. On naked soil. Uncommon. Sept. -Oct. Extremely delicate, vanishing when touched. Name — terra, earth. Grow- ing on the soil. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 576. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 814. S. My col. Scot. n. 757. — Dec. Fl.fr. 6. p. 39. 105. P. subgelatinosus B. & Br. — Orbicular, forming little pulvinate masses with an obtuse raised border, which is at first tomentose and pallid, becoming black, of a somewhat gelatinous consistence. Pores pale delicate grey, with an acute even edge, about ^q in. diameter. On dead wood, parasitic on P. amorplius. Rannoch. Name — sub-gelatinosus, somewhat gelatinous. B. 6^ Br. n. 1569. S. My col. Scot. n. 758. #*#*#*# Pores persistently white, &C. 106. P. medulla-panis Fr. — White, effused, deter?ni?iate, some- what imdulated, firm, smooth, the ?iakcd circumference somewhat 7nargi7iate, almost wholly formed of the longish, medium-sized, entire pores. Annual, moderately large, becoming hard when dry, separating. Softer and watery-soft when on the ground. On decaying branches. Uncommon. Becoming yellowish when old. Name — medulla, pith, &c. ; panis, bread. From its likeness to soft crumb of bread. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 576. Icon. t. 190. /. 2. Be?'k. Old. p. 251. C. Hbk. 71. 806. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 759. — Pers. Syn. p. 544. POLYPORUS. 217 107. P. mucidus Fr. — White becoming pale, effused, rather Polyporus. thick, somewhat immersed, soft, the indetermi7iate circumference flaxy. Pores medium-sized (seated on the crust formed of the mycelium), unequal and torn. It varies softer and firmer according to place, but is moderately persistent. Much larger than P. molluscus, and not allied to it. On decayed fir. Penzance. Name— mucus, mucous. Mucid. From its substance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. B. & Br. ?i. 1967. — Pers. Syn. p. 546. 108. P. vitreus Fr. — Whitish, somewhat hyaline, broadly and unequally effused, rather thick, somewhat undulated, indeter- minate, the thin villous margin shining white ; mycelium fornwig a woody stroma, tough and separable. Pores very small, round, long, obtuse, entire. The pores are straight or oblique according to situation. On dead wood, especially fir. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov. Distinguished by its distinct xylostromatoid substratum, which separates easily from the matrix. B. & Br. Name — vitrtim, glass. Glassy. From its shining appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. Syst. Myc. i. p. 381. Berk. Out. p. 251. C. Hbk. n. 807. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 760. — Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. p. 112. 109. P. obducens Pers. — White, effused, incrusting, innate, firm, wholly formed of very small, crowded, equal, distinctly stratose pores, the annual strata pallid-tan. In the first year the plant resembles P. vulgaris, but in succeeding years it becomes thick from the numberless strata (2 mm., 1 lin. thick) placed one above another, altogether concrete with the mouldy wood which is pervaded with the mycelium. In vertical places it puts forth rudimentary pileoli. Allied to P. connatus. On rotten trunks. Rare. Bristol. Name— ob, and duco, to lead. Covering over. Probably from the strata covering each other. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. p. 104. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. Berk. Out. p. 251. C. Hbk. n. 808. 110. P. callosus Fr. — White, circumference similar, widely effused, even, tough, entire, separable like soft leather. Pores firm, round, equal, quite entire, obtuse. The pores are seated upon a skin, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, firm, but not hard, everywhere porous. Annual and not stratose. On dead wood. Glamis, 1874. April. Spores pruniform, hyaline, 6 mk. Q. Name — callum, a hardened skin. From the skin on which the pores are seated. Fr. Hym. Fur. /. 577. li. & Br. 11. 1431. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 761. 2l8 POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. 111. P. vulgaris Fr. — White, broadly effused, thin, I m. {y2 lin.) thick, arid, closely adnate, even, soon smooth at the cir- cumference, wholly consisting of firm, crowded, very small, round, somewhat equal pores. The colour is sometimes light yellow. The pores vary oblique and gaping open. It cannot be separated from the wood except in fragments. On dead wood. Common. April-Dec. Effused sometimes to the breadth of 30 cent. (12 in.) M.J.B. Name — vulgaris, common. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. Syst. Myc. i. p. 381. Berk. Out. p. 251. t. 16. f. 6. C. Hbk. n. 809. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 762. Rostk. t. 60. 112. P. molluscus Fr. — White, effused, thin, soft, the flaxy circumfere?ice radiating in fibrils. Pores collected in the centre or now and then in patches, very small, thin, round, unequal and torn, pale. There is a variety with the circumfer- ence membranaceous sterile and continuous. Sow. t. 387. /. 9. On dead wood. Uncommon. Sept. -Nov. At first forming a mere fringed byssoid membrane. The partitions of the pores are so thin that they very generally become torn. M.J.B. Name — molluscus, soft. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 578. Berk. Out. p. 251. C. Hbk. 71. 812. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 763. Fl. Dan. t. 1299. LXVII. Poiyporus molluscus. Natural size. 113. P. collabefactus B. & Br. — Stratum quite smooth, resembling a Corticium. Pores seem at first to arise from the mere collaps- ing of the substance, short, margin obtuse. The barren parts resemble exactly a very smooth Corticium like C. calceum. On dead wood. Glamis, 1873. Oct- Name — collabefio, to be brought to ruin. From the pores arising out of the collapsing of the substance. B. if Br. ?t. 1432. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 764. *■*•*#■**** Pores persistently white, unequal, S^c. 114. P. sanguinolentus Fr. — Whitish but bleeding when touched, nodulose, soon confluent, effused, soft, the flaxy cir- cumference vanishing. Pores small, somewhat round, unequal, at length torn. POLYPORUS. 219 Mycelium emerging and forming nodules, which are at first flaxy then Polyporus. smooth, in which the pores nestle, but it does not result in a pileus. Pores very changeable in form. On dead branches. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name —sanguis, blood. Bleeding. Fr. Hy?n. Eur. p. 578. B. 6^ Br. n. 1290. C. Hbk. n. 811. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 765. — A. & S. p. 257. 115. P. radula Fr. — White, effused, made up of the naked tomentose mycelium closely compacted, soft, villous beneath. Pores medium-sized, angular, toothed, pubescent when young. Its growth is that of P. sanguinolentus, but it is drier, more lax, and separable from the matrix. On fir. Strachan, Kincardineshire. Name — rado, to shave off. Perhaps from the ease with which it is removed from the matrix. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 578. B. & Br. n. 1808. »S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 766. — Pers. Obs. 2. p. 14. 116. P. vaporarius Fr. — Effused, innate, the white floccose mycelium creeping into the wood. Pores large, angular, pale- white, crowded into a continuous, firm, persistent stratum. On dead branches. Very common. Jan. -Dec. Extremely variable. Name — vaporarium, a stove. Perhaps first found in hothouse. Fr. Hy?n. Eur. p. 579. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 815. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 767. — Pers. Myc. Eur. p. 106. Var. secernibilis B. & Br. — Shining white, honey-colour when dried, separable. On fir-leaves under moss. Autumn. Forres. Name — from its being separable. B. & Br. n. 1022. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 767. r^ 117. P. Gordoniensis B. & Br. — Persistently shining white, effused, superficial, membra?iaceous, very thin but separable, mar- gin shortly fringed. Pores minute, unequal, angular, dissepi- ments very thin, fimbriato-tootlicd. An extremely delicate species, and not in the slightest degree innate. The margin remains snow-white, and the pores themselves change colour only very slightly in drying. On fir poles. Aboyne. Name— after Marchioness of Huntly. B. & Br. n. 1023. C. Hbk. a. 813. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 768. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 579. 118. P. Vaillantii Fr. — White, thin, the free mycelium result- ing in root-like ribs which are somewhat united by a membrane. Pores now and then crowded together, curt, rather Large, thin, unequal. 2 20 P0LYP0REI. Polyporus. It occurs in innumerable more or less imperfect stages of development. Var. Mycelium simply membranaceous. On dead wood. Rare. April. Name — after Vaillant. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 579. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. ?i. 819. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 769. — Sow. t. 326. 119. P. farinellus Fr. — White, widely effused, thin, mycelium naked, flocculoso-pulverulent, not woven. Pores thin, continuous, unequal, somewhat flexuous, intricate. Fugacious to the touch. Of the consistence of Thelaphora sambuci. On beech. Aboyne. Name— -farina, meal. From its pulverulent nature. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 579. B. &> Br. n. 1292. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 770. 120. P. hymenocystis B. & Br. — Snow-white, arachnoid beneath and at the margin. Pores large ; the scarious dissepiments col- lapsing, at length pallid. A very curious species. On dead wood. Glamis, 1875. Name— i^") membrane ; kvotis, bladder. From the peculiar nature of the dissepiments. B. &> Br. ?i. 1810 bis. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 775. #***■■****■* pores white, superficial, S^c. 121. P. blepharistoma B. & Br. — Wholly resupinate, snow- white, mycelium arachnoid, somewhat mealy. Pores small, dis- sepiments thin, margin ciliato-dentate. Very thin and delicate ; the ciliato-dentate margin of the pores very elegant. On dead wood. Glamis, 1874. Nov. Name — jSAe^apov, eyelid ; cn-6/xa, mouth. From the appearance of the pores. B. Sf Br. u. 1434. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 771. 122. P. reticulatus Fr. — White, orbicular, thin, fugacious, radiating like flax at the floccose margin. Pores distant, cup- shaped. On rotten wood. Glamis, 1874. Forres. April-Sept. Extremely delicate and beautiful. Name— rete, a net. From the net- work of pores. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 580. Icon. t. 190. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1810. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 772. — Pers. Syn. p. 584. Species of uncertain ajfiiiity. 123. P. bathyporus Rostk. — " Effused, white, the thin circum- ference flaxy. Pores rather large, cyathiform, toothed." TRAMETES. 22 I The description does not agree well with the figure. According to the fig. Polyporus. it wanders over beech-branches, and is stratose (the stratum of the second season fuscous-ferruginous), smooth at the margin, fuscous in the middle, livid at the circumference. On dead oak-branches, of Dcedalea confragosa. From the cup-like pores. Br. n. 1807. Coed Coch, 1873, &c. Very like resupinate form B. &* Br. Name — /3 Br. n. 1293. S. Mycol. Scot. p. 412. — Bull. t. 310. 4. T. suaveolens Fr.— Pileus white, corky, soft, pulvinate, villous, soneless. Pores round, rather large, obtuse, white becom- ing fuscous. Odour fragrant, of anise. On willow, lime, &c. Uncommon. Spores white, oval or pip-shaped, 9x4 mk. W.G.S. Name— suavis, sweet. Sweet-scented. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 584. Berk. Out. p. 253. C. Hbk. n. 822. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 777. Hussey i. t. 43. Krombh. t. 4. /. 25. Fl. Dan. t. 1849. Bot. Zeit. 1859. t. n./. 23. Harz. t. 49. — Linn. Sow. t. 228. Tratt. Austr. f. 4. Sterb. t. 27. D. 5. T. odora Fr. — Pileus pallid, corky, elastic, uneven, becoming smooth, zoneless. Pores minute, round, equal, whitish-ochraceous. Odour fragrant. On willow. Rare. TRAMETES. 223 Very nearly related to T. suaveolens. M.J.B. Spores white, oval or pip- Trametes. shaped, 3x5 mk. VV.G.S. Name — odor, scent. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 584. Berk. Out. p. 253. C. Hbk. n. 823. — Sommerf. Bolt. t. 162. 6. T. inodora Fr. — Shining white. Pileus corky, firm, be- coming smooth, zoneless. Pores minute, round, entire, not changing colour. Very like T. suaveolens, &c. , but smaller, firmer, always white (pores not becoming fuscous) ; distinguished by its want of odour. On old mossy beech-stump. Stoke Poges. Pores colourless, slightly angular, about Tl?r in. wide, nearly Yx in. long, not the least linear. Externally tomentose, white with a very slight tinge of pink at the base. As in Dcedalea latissima, the texture radiates from a central point, and is of a pure white. B. & Br. Name — inodorus, scentless. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 584. Monogr. ii. p. 273. Icon. t. 191./". 1. B. & Br. n. 1570. II. — Resupinati. Pileus resupinate. 7. T. mollis Fr. — Resupinate, determinate, somewhat membran- aceous, pallid-wood-colour, at length becoming fuscous, timber at the margin, which is at length revolute and pubescent beneath. Pores large, unequal and torn. A very distinct species, at length becoming black, adnate behind in the centre. Pores irregular, but not flexuoso-labyrinthine. On dead wood, especially beech. Common. Jan.-Dec' Dissepiments rigid. Name — mollis, soft. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 585. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 778. Daedalea Soimnerf. Polyporus cervinus P. Berk. Out. p. 247. C. Hbk. n. 787. 8. T. Terrei B. & Br. — Resupinate, broad, somewhat orbicular, pulvinate, substance corky and white. Pores angular, here and there sinuate, pallid. About 3 in. across, 1 in. thick in the centre. Substance radiating from a central point, zoneless. Pores about A in. across, angular in the centre, sinuated towards the edge. Inodorous. Habit that of Dccdalea latissima. On beech. Stoke Poges. Name — after Michael Terry. B. & Br. n. 1571. 9. T. serpens Fr. — White, arid, closely adnate, at first erumpoit, in the form of a tubercle, orbicular, then confluent, the determin- ate circumference pubescent. Pores somewhat round and an- gular, unequal, obtuse. Colour at length becoming pale. A very distinct species analogous with Radulum orbiculare. On privet. Rare. Oct. 224 POLYPOREI. Pores rather large, ^ in. broad. B. & Br. Spores oval, white, 14x7 mk. VV.G.S. Name — serpens, creeping. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 586. Icon. t. 182. f. 3. Polyporus Stephensii B. & Br. n. 356. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 818. Saund. & Sm. t. 45. f. 8-12. Daedaiea. Genus XXVI. — Dsedalea (SatSaAos, curiously wrought. From the elaborate hymenium). Pers. Syn. p. 449. Pores firm, when fully grown sinuous, labyrinthine ; in all other respects agreeing with T?-amctes. Growi?ig o?i wood, becoming hard, the floccose substance descending un- changed into the trama. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 586. * Corky-woody, dimidiate, sessile. ** Coriaceous, dimidiate, sessile. *** Resupinate. # Corky-woody, di?nidiate, sessile. 1. D. quercina Pers.— Pale wood- colour. Pileus corky, rugulose, un- even, zone/ess, rather smooth, of the same colour internally , at first por- LXIX. Dcedalea quercina. One- 0US ! . the P0reS then take the form fourth natural size. of sinuses which are somewhat contorted or lamellose, becoming at last labyrinthine, edge obtuse. There are many varieties — effuso-reflexed : Schceff. t. 231 ; wholly resupin- ate: Bull. t. 352./. F. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 18. f. 1. On dead oak. Frequent. June-Nov. Perennial. Pileus 12. 5-15 cent. (5-6 in.) broad. Pores 2 mm. (1 lin.) or more broad. Sometimes resupinate or decurrent and the partitions elongated into tooth-like processes. M.J.B. Name — quercus, oak. Pers. Syn. p. 500. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 586. Berk. Out. p. 254. t. 19./ 5. C. Hbk. n. 825. £. Mycol. Scot. n. 779. Grev. t. 238. Krombh. I. 5./. 1, 2. Bail. t. 31. — Sow. t. 181. Bolt. t. 73. Bull. t. 352, 442.^ 1. Vent. t. 60. /. i, 2 (var.) 2. D. aurea Fr. Golden. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, corky- coriaceous, gibbous, velvety, somewhat zo7ied, unicolorous, in- ternally, as well as the hymenium which is porous then narrowly sinuato-labyrinthine, light yellow. Pileus triangular, margin swollen. On dead oak. Hereford. Imbricated, the veins for the most part straight and radiating. B. &> Br. D^DALEA. 225 Name — durum, gold. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 587. B. &" Br. n. 1892. — Batt. t. Daedalea. 35-/- F- 3. D. confragosa Pers. — Pileus unicolorous, brick-red-fuscous, internally wood- colour, becoming ferruginous, corky, slightly convex, rough, somewhat zoned ; sinuses porous then narrowly labyrinthine and torn, cinereous-pruinose then rufous-fuscous. On willow, service, &c. Rare. Name — confragus, rough, rugged. Pers. Syn. p. 501. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 587. Berk. Out. p. 254. C. Hbk. n. 826.— Bolt. t. 160. Bull. t. 491. /. 1. Sow. t. 193. 4. D. cinerea Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iK~3 in-) broad, cinere- ous, corky-woody, thick, somewhat undulated, zoned, tonientose. Pores minute, obtuse, quite efitire, some round, some very long, labyrinthiform, flexuous, intricate, white or cinereous. Perennial, stratose, allied however to D. unicolor. On trunks. Penzance. The thick substance separates this from every form of D. unicolor, also the inciso-strigose surface of the pileus. B. eV Br. Name— cinereus, ash-colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 588. Syst. A/ye. i. p. 336. Icon. t. 182. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1968. ** Coriaceous, dimidiate, sessile. 5. D. unicolor Fr. — Pileus cinereous, with zones of the same colour, coriaceous, villoso-strigose; sinuses labyrinthiform, flexu- ous, intricate, acute, at length torn into teeth. Commonly imbricated, fuliginous when damp, whitish-grey when dry. Hymenium whitish-cinereous, sometimes fuscous. There are two forms : one thicker, margin whitish, dissepiments firmer, distant, forming more entire sinuses ; the other thinner, broader, the sinuses narrower, more torn. Bull. t. 501. f. 3. represents a remarkable variety (?) rufescent with very minute sinuses. On stumps, especially birch. Common. July-Oct. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad. Often green from minute A tea. M.J.B. Name — unus, one; color, colour. Unicolorous. Fr. Hym. Bur. p. 588. Berk. Out. p. 254. C. Hbk. n. 827. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 780.— Bull. t. 501. f. 3. Bolt. t. 163. Soto. t. 325. *** l\csupi)iate. 6. D. latissima Fr. — Pale wood-colour, effused, 5 in. -2 ft. broad, corky-woody, thick, undulated, zonal within; sinuses ?iarrpw, distant, somewhat round and very Ion-, flexuous. The structure is very peculiar, radiating from the base to the surface, with parallel filaments. VOL. II. 1' 226 POLYPOREI. Daedalea. On dead wood. Rare. Name — latus, broad. Very broad. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 589. Syst. Myc. i. p. 340. Berk. Out. p. 254. C. Hbk. n. 828. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 781. 7. D. vermicularis Pers. — Flesh- colour -rufescent, broadly effused, thin, becoming even ; sinuses short, attenuated at both ends, flexuous, poriform at the margin. It has much in common with D. latissima, but is much thinner, 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 5 cent. (2 in.) broad. Adhering to the soil by root-like fibres. On the ground. Berkeley refers the figure of Sowerby to D. latissima. Name — vermis, a worm. From the peculiar colour. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. p. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 589. Sow. t. 424. Species of uncertain affinity. 8. D. ferruginea Schum. — Pileus light-yellow -ferruginous, white-villous when young a?id at the margin, internally flesh- colour, coriaceous, effuso-reflexed, zoned ; hymenium porous then narrowly labyrinthiform, tawny. Imbricato-connate. It seems nearest to D. ufiicolor. On dead wood. Strachan, Kincardineshire. Name— ferritin, iron. Ferruginous. Schum, — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 589. S. Mycol. Scot. n. ji52. Fl. Dan. t. 2029. Hexagona. Genus XXVII. — Hexagona {hexagonum, a six-sided figure ; from the form of the pores). Poll. PI. nov. p. 35. Epicr. i. p. 496. Hymenophore descending and forming a trama of the same colour as the pileus and similar to it. Pores at the very first dilated into hexagonal^ regular, woody-hard alveoli, the dividing walls firm, never torn. Dimidiate, sessile, growing on wood, corky-woody, persistent, but not growing again to form strata. A very natural genus, easily recognised. The essential feature consists in the depressions being equally wide in the earliest stage of growth, whereas in the Polypori the pores, which are minute when young, are gradually developed and dilated. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 589. No British species. MERULIUS. 227 Genus XXVIII. — Favolus {Javus, honeycomb). Fr. Elench. p. 44. Hymenium reticulato-cellular, or alveolate. Alveoli radiating-, iormed of the densely anastomosing gills, elongated. Spores white (in pairs?). Dimidiate, somewhat stipitate, fleshy, pliant, annual, growing on wood, differing in e?iti?-e appearajice and structure from the preceding genera, wherefore they were for- merly referred not to Polypori, but to Cantharelli or Merulii. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 590. No British species. Favolus. Genus XXIX.— Merulius. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 326. Merulius. Hymenophore formed from a woven mucedinous mycelium, covered with the waxy-soft, continuous hymenium which is reticulated on the surface with ob- tuse folds, imperfectly porous, at length gyrose and obsoletely toothed. Growing 071 wood, soft, mucedinous, at the first at least resupinate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 591. I. LEPTOSPORI (AeJTTO?, fine, Slight ; 7ropos, a pore. From the shallow pore-like folds). Hymenium naked or obsoletely pruinose with the white spores. * Pileus effuso-rejlcxed, circumference de- terminate. ** Kesupinato-effused ', flaxy -membranace- ous, separating, flaxy beneath and at the circumference. *** Crustoso-adnate, somewhat flaxy at the circumference. II. CONIOPHORI (ko^is, dust ;